ached

ese eto"

a

fief aber ere T
ra cry as bia

: a

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) :

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION
1934-35

VOL. I. No. 7.

TIPULIDAE
CHARLES P, ALEXANDER

SSE

— SS

ee

ee

je ea ee

LONDON
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM

aeons

}
‘
[Price Three pounds

: i i
ty }ogee Fane n be

7. TIPULIDAE

CHARLES P,. ALEXANDER, AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

THE series of Tipulidae taken by members of the Ruwenzori Expedition pro-
vides the most important single collection of these flies so far taken in tropical
Africa. The richness of the materials is due chiefly to the collecting ability and
intimate knowledge of the group of the late Dr. F. W. Edwards, who captured
most of the specimens. Dr. Edwards kindly invited me to study the collection
and to prepare the report on this family of flies.

Following his suggestion I am including in the report the species of crane-
flies taken on the expedition and have provided keys to the known tropical
African species recorded to this date. Such keys are as complete and satisfactory
as could be made at this relatively early stage in our knowledge of this fauna and
it is realised that many changes and modifications may be needed as our know-
ledge of the subject develops. Despite the rather abundant materials so far
taken in this vast region, many of the species still are known only from few or
unique specimens, so the degree of variation is unknown and some synonymy
may well result in future when more abundant specimens become available. The
area covered in the keys extends from the Sahara on the north to the general
latitude of the Kunene and Zambezi Rivers in the south (approximately from
Z0- N.:to 20-S. Lat.).

The materials submitted to me for study totalled 529 specimens, representing
208 species, of which 134 are described herein as new. All holotype and allotype
specimens are preserved in the British Museum (Natural History) ; paratypes and
duplicates of the species are in my personal collection of Tipulidae. In addition
to the specimens sent to me, a very considerable amount of material was retained
by the Museum, in many cases including further specimens of novelties described
herewith. I have indicated under each species a statement of such additional
materials, so available, as reported to me by Dr. Edwards, and, in the case of
novelties, such specimens might well be considered as representing paratypes
despite the fact that I have not been able to examine them. In any event such
specimens would become homotypes of the species concerned.

The detailed itinerary and record of the expedition has been published in an
earlier part under the series title (Ruwenzori Expedition 1934-5, vol. I, No. 1:
I-g, 2 maps, 20 pls. 1939). In general it may be summarised as follows:

130 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

KENyA: Nairobi and the Aberdare Mountains, October to November 1934
(Edwards and Ford).

UGANDA: Journey to the Kigezi District in south-western Uganda, Novem-
ber, 1934 (Edwards, Ford and Gibbins).

UGANDA: Mount Ruwenzori and vicinity; Namwamba Valley, December
1934 to January 1935 (Edwards and Jackson); Nyamgasani Valley, December
1934 to January 1935 (Buxton); Mobuku Valley, December and January
(Edwards and Shillito); northern spur and Fort Portal district, December to
early February 1935 (Edwards and Shillito) ; Katwe Salt Lakes, December 1934
(Edwards); Kalinzu Forest, January 1935 (Jackson).

UcGanDaA: Masindi District, Lake Albert, February 1935 (Edwards).

KenyA: Mount Elgon, February and March 1935 (Edwards and Jackson).
Nakuru District, March 1935 (Edwards).

GENERAL FACIES OF THE TROPICAL AFRICAN TIPULIDAE

The total number of genera and subgenera in the area here considered is much
less than might be expected. Subfamilies and tribes so far discovered include
the Tipulinae and Limoniinae, the latter with the tribes Limoniini, Lechriini,
Hexatomini and Eriopterini. No representatives of the subfamily Cylindro-
tominae, the tribe Pediciini, and the subtribe Ctenophoraria of the Tipulinae,
have been found and their apparent absence is of some value in delimiting the
region.

In the Tipulinae, the most characteristic groups include 77pula and Nephro-
toma, each with numerous species. Longurio and Dolichopeza, exceedingly well-
developed in South Africa, have but few representatives within the area. Two
widespread Palaeotropical elements, Megistocera and Ctenacroscelis, each have
single representatives on the African mainland, as known, but it should be noted
that the latter genus has various further species in Madagascar.

The tribe Limoniini is well represented, particularly the vast genus Limonia,
with certain poorly marked subgenera, of which Limonia, Dicranomyia, Rhipidia
and Geranomyia are especially characteristic. Three widespread Oriental sub-
genera, Libnotes, Euglochina and Thrypticomyia, have very few representatives
in Africa. Other genera assigned to the Limoniini that are especially character-
istic include Helius, Antocha (Orimargula) and Dicranoptycha, the last-named
being even better developed in Madagascar. The small and still poorly under-
stood tribe Lechriini has but three known species in two genera, one of which is
endemic. Elsewhere the group is widespread and much better developed in the
Oriental-Australasian region.

The Hexatomini, as known to the present, include only eight genera, of
which Paradelphomyia, Austrolimnophila, Pseudolimnophila, Hexatoma and
Elephantomyia have numerous species. Of the rather numerous genera assigned

TIPULIDATE ET:

to the Eriopterini, Conosia, Clydonodozus, Lecteria, Tventepohlia, Gonomyia,
Enioptera, Styringomyia and Toxorhina, are common and very representative of
the region.

In concluding this account, the principal groups occurring in tropical Africa
are listed, with an indication of the biotic region from which they appear to have
been derived.

1. Holarctic genera. Tipula (Acutipula); Nephrotoma; Limonia (Meta-
limnobia) ; Pseudolimnophila; Gonomyia (Idiocera) ; Tastocera (Dasymolophilus) ;
Molophilus. It is surprising how little impact the western Palaearctic region has
had on the Ethiopian crane-fly fauna, or vice versa.

2. Oriental genera. The following groups appear to have been derived from
the Oriental fauna or in the reverse direction. Megistocera; Ctenacroscelis ;
Tipula (Schummelia); Limonia (Libnotes, Euglochina, Thrypticomyta) ; Antocha
(Orimargula); Trichoneura; Paradelphomyia; Limnophila (Eleophila, Dicrano-
phragma); Atarba (Atarbodes); Hexatoma (Eriocera); Conosia; Clydonodozus ;
Trentepohlia; Gymnastes ; Cryptolabis (Baeoura).

3. Neotropical. Lecteyia, which provides strong support for the Wegener
hypothesis in this family.

4. Antarctica. Groups that are much more characteristic of South Africa.
Longurio; Dolichopeza (Trvichodolichopeza); Austrolimnophila; Limnophilomyia.

5. Madagascar. Dicranoptycha; Hovamyia.

6. Endemic groups. Tzipula (Afrotipula); Dolichopeza (Afrodolichopeza,
Eudolichopeza); Helius (Rhamphidoides); Amphilimnobia; Orimarga (Proton-
marga); Xenolimnobia; Evrioptera (Podoneura); Ormosia (Neserioptera, Tricho-
trimicra).

THE TIPULIDAE OF THE HIGH MOUNTAINS

The isolated mountain blocks in Tanganyika, Kenya and the Belgian Congo
support a rich endemic crane-fly fauna, the various species, at the higher alti-
tudes especially, appearing to be rather closely restricted to the mountain in
question. At such high levels a considerable number of subapterous species occur,
with the wings showing various stages of atrophy, in cases being long and strap-
like (stenopterous), in others with the reduction more marked, in the extreme cases
the species being virtually wingless. It should be noted that at least certain of
these species have fully-winged forms at lower altitudes while becoming sub-
apterous, at least in the female sex, at higher levels. Due to the difficulty of
finding such flightless forms it seems probable that many more such types will be
discovered as a result of further collecting. In the Ethiopian Region, species
with reduced wings have been discovered in the genera Longurio, Nephrotoma,
Tipula, Limonia, Platylimnobia (South Africa), Austrolimnophila, and
Molophilus.

Apart from the higher mountains, the species of crane-flies in the East

132 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

African Province often show a vast range, in cases occurring from north of the
equator in West Africa, thence eastward and southward to South Africa,
particularly in the south-east where certain characteristic tropical species
reach the Transvaal, Natal, or in cases, Cape Province. Such tropical elements
include Megistocera, Ctenacroscelis, Conosia, Trentepohlia, Teucholabis and
Styringomyia.

KEY TO THE TROPICAL AFRICAN TIPULIDAE
SUBFAMILIES AND TRIBES

1. Terminal segment of maxillary palpus elongate, whiplashlike; nasus usually
distinct; antennae usually with 13 segments; wings with Sc, commonly
atrophied; vein Cu, constricted at m-cu, the latter usually at or close
to the fork of M,,,; body size large, aoc with the wing 10 mm.
or more F c Tipulmae

Terminal segment of maxillary palpus short: no distinct nasus; antennae
usually with 14 or 16 segments (in the genus Hevatoma, 6 to 10); Sc,
present; vein Cu, straight, not constricted at m-cu, the latter placed far
before the fork of M,,,, usually at or close to the fork of M, in cases
(Ovimarga, Antocha) some distance before this fork; body size small or

medium (commonly with the wing less than Io mm.) . Limoniinae 2
2. At most with three branches of FR reaching the wing margin . : 5 : 3
With four branches of R reaching the wing margin c 9

3. Free tip of Sc, preserved, a commonly atrophied (Limoniini, Lechrint in
part) : 4
Free tip of Sc, atrophied or iyery faintly indicated (Linioniini, Techaiad in n part) 7
4. Two branches of R reach the wing margin . 5
Three branches of R reach the wing margin . : : 6
5. Antennae 14-segmented (Limonia, in part) F : ‘ Limoniini, in part
Antennae 16-segmented (Xenolimnobia) : ; : a Lechriini, in part
6. Antennae 14-segmented (Limonza, in part) : : Limoniini, in part
Antennae 16-segmented (some Hexatomini, Eriopterini) : Limoniini, in part
7. Tibial spurs present (Elephantomyia) . : : : : Hexatomini, in part
Tibial spurs lacking ‘ ; : : . é 8
8. Vein R,,, present, R25 separate (excluding Limonia) 0 ; Limoniinae, in part

Vein R, captured by R,,, to form R,,5,4 (Atarba, Elephantomyia, Teucholabis)
Hexatomini, Eriopterini, in part
9g. Tibial spurs present; cell MZ, commonly present . : c ¢ Hexatomini
Tibial spurs lacking; cell M@, commonly lacking . ; : ; Eriopterini

KEY TO THE SUBAPTEROUS TIPULIDAE

1. Maxillary palpi with the terminal segment elongate; antennae commonly with

13 segments (Tipulinae) . 5 : Nephrotoma, Tipula
Maxillary palpi with the terminal pcemene ati not or scarcely longer than the

penultimate; antennae with either 14 or 16 segments (Limoniinae) : 2

2. Antennae with 14 segments; tibia without spurs (Limoniini) ; : Limonia
Antennae with 16 segments; tibia with or without spurs G : :

3. Tibiae spurred (Hexatomini) é : : : : : Austrolimnophila

Tibiae without spurs (Eriopterini) é : 2 : : : . Molophilus

TIPULIDAE 133

TIPULINAE

This subfamily includes the majority of the large and medium-sized species
within the present area. Large-sized species in the Limoniinae are chiefly in the
genera Limonia, Hexatoma, Clydonodozus and Lecteria.

KEY TO GENERA OF THE TIPULINAE

1. Sc very long, Sc, extending to beyond the fork of Rs and almost touching the
free tip of Sc.; R,,, strongly angulated at near midlength; m-cu on M,
far before the base of cell rst M, ; if : Nigeretocera
Sc shorter; R,,,; not angulated; m-cu rarely on M, ce port Nephrotoma) 2
2. Anal region of wing extensive, cell 2nd A extended basad of the arculus; vein
Rk, strongly arcuated at near midlength, markedly narrowing the cell;
apex of femur with a comb of small blackened spinelike setae
Ctenacroscelis
Anal region of wing more restricted, narrowed at or near the level of the arculus;
vein FR, not arcuated, the cell not constricted; femur without spinelike
setae. 3
3. Cell M, open by atrophy of basal section ais vein M;, the outer medial field thus
appearing pectinate; m-cu far before fork of M; R,,.commonly atrophied,
in cases represented by a basal spur (in A frodolichopeza entire, reaching

the margin) . ; : : : 5 : ; : Dolichopeza
Cell rst M, closed; m-cu commonly beyond the fork of M (before in most
NEphPoIoInE Ry,. preserved . 4

4. Sc, opposite or shortly beyond origin of the short Rs, Se atrophied or weakly
preserved; no vein M,,,, M, arising separately at or before the base of
cell rst M,; m-cu commonly perare fork of M, in rare cases at and beyond
on base of ,; cell M, sessile, very rarely short-petiolate . Nephrotoma
Sc ending some distance beyond origin of the longer Rs, commonly at near
midlength; Sc, commonly atrophied (Tipula) or preserved (Longurio) ;
m-cu at or close to fork of M,,,, rarely at or close to fork of M (Tipula:
Schummelia); cell M, usually long-petiolate (sessile in shia
Afrotipula) . : 5
5. Sc, preserved; antennae of mates of focal species elongate, Bigs: as long as
the body; male hypopygium of primitive structure, the basistyle
produced, inner dististyle commonly with rows or groups of peglike
spinous setae . ; : Longurio
Sc, atrophied; antennae of both. sexes ‘shorter, not or scarcely exceeding one-
half the length of body; male hypopygium more complicated, the basi-
style commonly fused with the ninth sternite, the latter often fused with
the tergite to form a continuous ring; inner dististyle without peglike
spinous setae . : : : 5 4 : : 5 : Tipula

Megistocera Wiedemann

Maekistocera Wiedemann; Dipt. exot., 1: 41; 1821
Megistocera Wiedemann; Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., 1: 55; 1828.

As I have indicated elsewhere, it now appears that M. filipes filipes
(Fabricius) and M. jilipes fuscana (Wiedemann) are merely clines of a single
species having a vast Palaeotropical range. It was formerly believed that the
present fly was restricted to Tropical Africa, while fuscana was similarly confined
to the East Indian islands. Intermediate stations for the latter race have been

134 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

found in Thailand and in South India, and there seems to be no sufficient
morphological grounds for maintaining the two names as distinct species. The
New World M. longipennis (Macquart) is distinct in the short antennae in
both sexes.

Megistocera filipes filipes (Fabricius)

Tipula filipes Fabricius; Syst. Antl., p. 25; 1805.

Maekistocera filipes Wiedemann; Dipt. exot., 1: 41; 1821.

Megistoceva filipes Wiedemann; Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., r: 55; 1828.

Megistocera bicauda Speiser; Kilimandjaro-Meru Zool. Exped., 1905-1906, ro Dipt.
4 Orthorapha Nematocera, pp. 53-54; 1909 (9).

Megistoceva hirsuta Alexander; Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 17: 159-160; 1917 (3).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., 1 9 (Edwards).

Ctenacroscelis Enderlein

Ctenacroscelis Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., Syst., 32: I-2; 1912.

Ctenacroscelis albovittatus (Macquart)

Tipula albovittata Macquart; Dipt. exot., 1, pt. 1: 53; 1838.

Tipula brunnea Bigot; Ann. Soc. Ent. France (3), 7: 121, pl. 3, fig. 2; 1859.

Tipula vubiginosa Bigot; in Maillard, Note sur Vile de la Réunion, 2, Dipt., p. 37; 1863.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft. (Edwards).

The type of C. albovittata was from Mauritius (Ile de France), collected by
Desjardins; of C. brunnea from Madagascar: of C. rubiginosa from Réunion.
The species is common and widespread on the mainland.

Longurio Loew
Longuyio Loew; Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschr., 13: 3; 1869.

While numerous species of Longurio occur in South Africa and in Madagascar,
to this date only two forms have been discovered in the area under considera-
tion. Because of the greatly elongated antennae in the male sex, both of these
were originally placed in Habromastix Skuse but it now appears that they are
actually members of the present group with unusually elongate antennae.

Key To LONGURIO

1. Antennae (male) subequal in length to body or wing; wings pale brown, the
costal region and apex dark brown, with conspicuous obliterative areas
before and beyond the stigma; m-cu just beyond fork of M7; abdomen
black, the segments ringed with obscure yellow. (Gold Coast: Ashanti)

edwardsiana (Alexander)
Antennae (male) shorter, extending about to midlength of abdomen; wings pale
brown, the costal region slightly darker; m-cu close to fork of M,,,;
abdomen yellow, striped longitudinally with brown. (Nyasaland)
viedeliana (Alexander)

TIPULIDAE 135

Nephrotoma Meigen
Nephrotoma Meigen; Illiger’s Magaz., 2: 262; 1803.

Pachyrrhina Macquart; Hist. Nat. Ins., Dipt., 1: 88; 1834.

Nephrotoma is one of the dominant genera throughout continental Africa, as

well as in Madagascar and Réunion, though not, apparently, in Mauritius or the
Seychelles. The abundant species are particularly numerous in hilly and moun-
tainous sections. The type of hypopygium found in the local species is remarkably
monotonous and does not seem to show the variety of structures and characters
that are found in species of the genus in other regions of the world.

10.

Kry To NEPHROTOMA

Species with the mesonotal praescutum uniformly black or blue-black, in cases

with the pale interspaces barely indicated : 2
Mesonotal praescutum yellow or orange, with three black or dark brown

stripes, the interspaces distinct : 19
Thorax, including the pleura, entirely black or blue- black, in cases restrictedly

patterned with yellow or reddish on the pronotum or mediotergite, or both 3
Mesonotal praescutum and scutal lobes black, the pronotum, mediotergite

and pleura yellow - - : : 18

Frontal prolongation of head entirely black or Peas black : 4
Frontal prolongation of head in part reddish or yellow, darkened above . 9
Entire thorax, including mediotergite and pleura, black ; : : : 5
Thorax black or blue-black, variegated with yellow 7
Legs black, femoral bases yellow; (male hypopygium with the tergite ‘termi-
nating in two flattened lobes separated by a narrow V-shaped notch).
(Belgian Congo: Ruanda; ore : : : : dewitter Alexander
Legs entirely black . . 6
Head orange, with brown areas on the summit of vertex and on the posterior
orbits; occipital brand conspicuous; (male hypopygium with the notch
of the tergite broadly V-shaped; ae sternite with a median lobe, its
apex rounded). (Uganda) ; : nycteris, sp. Nn.
Head black, with an extensive dull orange area on the tubercle and adjacent
parts; occipital brand inconspicuous; (male hypopygium with the
posterior border of tergite four-lobed, the median notch very narrow;
eighth sternite unarmed). (Belgian Congo: Ruanda) . yuanda Alexander
Prothorax black; mesonotum and pleura black, variegated with yellow on the
mediotergite and pleurotergite; knob of halter orange. (Kenya)
aberdarensis, sp. n.
Prothorax ivory white; mesothorax polished black, with ivory white on
anterior half of mediotergite and on pleurotergite; knob of halter ivory

white (quincunx) . 8
Abdomen black, segments two ‘to five with posterior borders rallone “apes

pygium yellowish. (Tanganyika: Meru) . quincunx quincunyx (Speiser)
Abdomen with segments one, five and the hypopygium black, segments two

to four uniformly orange. (Uganda) : 5 quincunx edita Alexander
Abdomen entirely black or blue-black, only the genitalia in part red, yellow or

chestnut : : : 10
Abdomen black, with red c or yellow on 1 the intermediate segments . f - 13

Frontal prolongation of head black above, reddish yellow on sides; occipital
brand brown; male hypopygium (Figs. 23, 24). (Belgian Congo; Uganda)
ruwenzoviana Alexander

136

II.

I2.

13.

14.

15:

16.

17.

18.

19.

20°

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Frontal prolongation yellow or yellowish brown, paseo) darkened at and

near nasus; occipital brand pale or lacking : 1
Head light yellow; occipital brand pale reddish, continued as a narrow line to

the summit of the tubercle. (Uganda) : : mobukuensis, sp. n.
Head orange, without distinct occipital brand, the orbits narrowly darkened 12

Frontal prolongation yellow, nasus and an adjacent spot dark brown; (male
hypopygium, Figs. 5, 6), with the median notch of tergite very deep and
narrow; eighth sternite not produced. (Uganda) albonigva Alexander

Frontal prolongation light yellow, brownish black middorsally; (male hypo-
pygium, Fig. 31), with the median notch of tergite shallow; eighth
sternite with the posterior border produced into a triangular point.

(Uganda) : : : é ¢ : : : triquetra, sp. n.
Halteres black : : ; é : : c : ; 14
Halteres dark with yellow Tens : ; . 17

Abdomen black, segments two to four, with the hypopysiunt yellow; (femora
black, bases yellow). (Nyasaland; Southern Rhodesia; Transvaal;

Natal) F tincta (Walker)
Abdomen black or blue- black, segments ae to fa enced yellow, red and
black (fuscipennis) : 15

Legs black, femoral bases yellow; (abdomen black, segmient three with extreme
base yellow; hypopygium orange-yellow). (Uganda)
fuscipennis pronotalis Alexander
Legs black 5 . : 16
Abdomen blue-black, segments Ewe and three variegated with: reddish: antennal
pedicel yellowish red. (Angola) fuscipennis fuscipennis (Karsch)
Abdomen jet black, segments two to four with narrow black apices, hypo-
pygium black; antennal pedicel dark brown. (Tanganyika)
fuscipennis triflava Alexander
Occipital brand very indistinct; numerous macrotrichia in outer ends of cells
Rk, and M,; abdomen black, segments two to five dull red with broad
black posterior borders; (male hypopygium with the eighth sternite
emarginate, its lobes with long coarse black setae; ninth tergite, Fig. 7,
with the lobe adjoining the notch not ea (Belgian Congo;
Kenya) . : chaetopyga Alexander
Occipital brand small but distinct, dark brown: no macrotrichia in cell M,, in
Rk, sparse or lacking; abdomen blue-black, the posterior borders of the
heretes narrowly velvety black, segments one to four with a reddish
area on sides at base; (male hypopygium with the eighth sternite
unarmed; ninth tergite, Fig. 9, with the lobe adjoining the notch produced
into a small lobe). (Uganda) . : é chalybea Alexander
Postnotum with abundant short black setae; wings tinged with smoky brown,
becoming more distinct in cells R, to M,, cell Sc darker brown; abdomen
brownish yellow, tergites two ti five with the posterior borders black,
segments six to nine black; male hypopygium (Fig. 11). (Nyasaland;
Southern Rhodesia) 6 : . fumidapicalis fumidapicalis Alexander
Postnotum subglabrous; wings with a strong yellowish tinge, the apex not
strongly darkened, cell Sc more yellowed; abdomen orange, tergites
two to five with a blackened triangle at posterior margin, outer segments
black, eight and nine yellowed. (Nyasaland) fumidapicalis ampla Alexander
Antennae of male very long, subequal to the body (body length 12-13 mm.;
antenna 10-15 mm.); claws of male simple. (Uganda) edwardsaria, sp. n.
Antennae of male shorter, approximately one-half the body or less : 20
Abdomen orange yellow, with blackish brown middorsal and lateral stripes:
head entirely orange yellow, without occipital brand; pleura and
pleurotergite conspicuously patterned with black; halteres black.
(Tanganyika) : : : é : 6 | bistyipunctata (Speiser)

21.

22.

PBy,

24.

25.

25h

28.

29.

30.

Bile

TIPULIDAE 137

Body not patterned as above. : : ‘ 21
Head conspicuously patterned with pallor and Gack brown including the
occipital brand, with lateral arms reaching the eyes; intermediate
abdominal tergites trivittate with black; hypopygium dark . : 22
Head orange, the occipital brand more or less distinct, in cases bordered with
darker but without arms that reach the eyes; in cases the brand se eae
lacking; abdominal tergites not trivittate with black . : 23
Pronotum black, obscure medially, parascutella black; mediotergite orange-
yellow, narrowly darkened laterally; stigmal trichia more numerous.
(Belgian Congo: Kivu) . : : tumidiverticalis Alexander
Pronotum broadly orange medially, done ayaa on sides, parascutella obscure
yellow; mediotergite yellow, very weakly darkened behind; stigmal
trichia very reduced in number, only about six in male, apparently

lacking in female. (Uganda) . : : F : venusticeps, sp. n.
Pleura and coxae chiefly blackened. . : : : : : : : 24
Pleura and coxae chiefly yellow or reddish : 29
Frontal prolongation brownish black to black; occipital brand large and con-

spicuous; claws of male toothed or simple (/eto) . : 25
Frontal prolongation yellow, in cases more darkened above; claws of male

toothed : 26

Antennae black throughout; abdomen with segments ore to eight chiefly
yellow, the posterior and lateral borders broadly black, hypopygium
yellow; claws of male simple. (Kenya) . leto, sp. n.

Antennae black, the pedicel obscure orange; abdomen clear light ‘yellow, seg-
ments six to eight black, forming a ring, pLRoEY gium orange; claws of
male toothed. (Kenya) . : j F : elgonica, sp. n.

Abdomen brownish black to black, the basal rings of tergites two to four very
vaguely brightened; knobs of halteres slightly yellowed; head yellow,
brand pale and poorly differentiated. (Uganda) ; . perlepida, sp. n.

Abdomen dark brown to brownish black, conspicuously patterned with yellow;
knobs of halteres dark brown; head orange-yellow, brand more con-
spicuous (kigeziana) : é 27,

Antennae dark brown, the basal etilargements of the proximal flagellar seg-
ments brownish black; brand large and conspicuous. (Uganda)

kigeziana kigeziana, sp. n.

Antennae with scape obscure yellow or ate ee ; brand pale and less
conspicuous . : 28

Abdomen with tergites two to four yellow, “with ‘small black middorsal spots,
largest on segment four; ig gee segments, including hypopygium,
black. (Uganda) . kigeziana celator, ssp. n.

Abdomen chiefly yellow, with a , broad black eabtcraunel ring involving seg-
ments seven and eight, with the a end of six; hypopygium
obscure yellow. (Kenya) : : kigeziana trvigona, ssp. n.

Anterior vertex of male narrow, less than one- half the exposed diameter of the
eye; praescutal stripes polished brown, bordered with black; mediotergite
with short dense black setae; (knobs of halteres blackened). (Sao
Tomé) angustifrons Edwards

Anterior vertex of male broader, more than one- half the exposed diameter of
the eye; praescutal stripes ees darkened; mediotergite without
blackened setae é 30

Intermediate abdominal seas rele or crane! nih complete eee
darkened rings on some of the segments, including a narrow to broader

subterminal black ring. 5 Br
Intermediate abdominal tergites yellow or omnee with a series of central spots
forming an interrupted dorsal stripe : ' 0 41

Thoracic pleura yellow or white, conspicuously patterned with black é 3 32

138

32.

33:

34.

3D:
30.

37-
38.

39.

40.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Thoracic pleura whitened or yellow, variegated with more reddened areas
(brown in chapint) 35

Abdomen yellow, the lateral borders ‘of the tergites narrowly blackened, the
posterior margins of tergites two to seven broadly black, to produce a

ladderlike appearance. (Egyptian Sudan: Sennar) : scalavifer Alexander
Abdomen not patterned as above, tergites four and five commonly without
black bands, six to eight commonly with a blackened subterminal ring 33

Pronotum yellow, the sides and the propleura dark brown, bases of fore coxae
blackened; seventh abdominal segment black, the others more or less
patterned with orange; (cell Rk, without peers male hypo-

pygium (Fig. 18). (Northern inreeria) : nigeviensis Alexander
Pronotum yellow, the sides not or scarcely darkened, coxae pale; blackened
abdominal ring more extensive - 34

Wings subcinereous, stigma very small and inconspicuous, cells Cc and Sec

more yellowed; halteres with stem yellow, knob blackish brown; dark

pleural areas smaller; (head entirely yellow). (Uganda; Tanganyika)

ectypa (Speiser)

Wings greyish, cell Sc and stigma brown, wing tip slightly infuscated; halteres

dark brown, the extreme apex of knob pale; pleura with a very large

black spot covering most of the mesepisternum; (outer end of cell R;

with about 25 macrotrichia); male hypopygium (Fig. 12). (Sierra Leone;

Southern Nigeria) : : : é . leonia Alexander
Occipital brand distinct, dark brown ; : 36
Occipital brand pale or very ill-defined, more evident i in 1 chapini paltovsons c 37

Head orange, with a brown spot on orbits; three black praescutal stripes, the
median one with pale centre; wings with the apex and a seam at cord
darkened, stigma dark brown; macrotrichia of cell R; sparse or lacking.
(Mozambique) , : tigrina Alexander

Head orange; three black praescutal stripes; wings nearly hyaline, cell Sc and
the stigma brown; cell Rk; of wings with macrotrichia. (Nyasaland)

tigvinoides Alexander

Pronotum yellow, the sides brownish black : : : : : : 38

Pronotum entirely yellow or orange . 39

Occipital brand very indistinct; praescutum with three broad black stripes, the
interspaces narrow; wings greyish yellow, stigma brown; cord and veins
vaguely seamed with pale brown. (Belgian Congo) chapini chapini Alexander

Occipital brand brown, triangular; praescutal stripes entirely confluent behind,
restricting the ground to the humeral angles; wings with a dusky brown
tinge, cell Sc dark brown. (Gold Coast) . chapini pattersoni Alexander

Halteres black; (abdomen orange, with tergite one, more than outer half of
tergites two and three, and segments six to eight, inclusive, black).
(Sierra Leone) : , : o z . festiva (Walker)

Halteres brown, the apex of knob yellow : 40

Frontal prolongation light yellow; wings brownish yellow, cells Cc and Sc
scarcely different; stigma brown; abdominal segments four to eight black,
the basal ring more or less brightened, subterminal segments uniformly
black; (claws of male simple). (Belgian Congo) ; subinanis Alexander

Frontal prolongation yellow with a brown spot at nasus; wings greyish yellow,
the tip and a seam at cord more infuscated, stigma dark brown; abdominal
segments four and five orange, subterminal darkened ring including
segments six and seven and much of eight; male hypopygium (Figs. 25,

26). (Nyasaland) . : : tricincta Alexander

Antennae with basal flagellar segizients bicolored, light brown with brownish
black basal enlargements; (lateral praescutal stripes outcurved, para-
scutella black). (Nyasaland) . ; ‘ ; livingstonet Alexander

Antennal flagellum black . : : : - E 2 : : : 42

TP UE TDA 139

42. Frontal prolongation yellow, blackish above; occipital brand elongate-
triangular, black and very conspicuous; male hypopygium (Fig. 21).

(Kenya) : 5 ; aes Alexander

Frontal prolongation yellow; brand inconspicuous 5 43
43. Coxae yellow, their bases infuscated, most extensive on the fore pair; pronetal
scutum darkened; (male hypopygium with a well-marked dorsal crest

on inner dististyle; no outer basal spine). (Uganda) . é thysia, sp. 0.

Coxae yellow; pronotum yellow or orange yellow ‘ 44
44. Spots on abdominal tergites one to five triangular in outline, segments six tS
eight black, forming a ring; (male hypopygium with the beak of the
inner dististyle short and stout, crest high, abrupt at both ends; outer

basal lobe an unusually stout spine). (Kenya) . : . latispina, sp. n.
Spots on basal abdominal tergites rounded, not pointed, those of the outer
segments smaller; eighth segment uniformly darkened to form a narrow

ring : 45
45. Praescutal stripes polished black, the lateral pair appearing outcurved by an
opaque black lateral spot; (male hypopygium with the beak of the inner

dististyle obtuse, dorsal crest very high). (Uganda) . . freemani, sp. n.
Praescutal stripes brown, the lateral pair appearing outcurved to the margin;
(male hypopygium with the beak slender, dorsal crest low and pale,

precipitous behind). (Belgian Congo: Urundi; Uganda) subdentata Alexander

In conjunction with the present series of Nephrotoma, Edwards wrote as
follows: I have compared the series of 28 to 30 species with all the other material
in our collection, including your types, and can identify only those indicated in
the list. The symbol “‘cf”’ means that I have compared the specimens with others
of the species indicated and consider them allied but distinct.

Nephrotoma aberdarensis, sp. n. (Fig. 1)

Mesonotum virtually all polished black, the mediotergite and pleurotergite
variegated with large light yellow areas; frontal prolongation black; antennae
black, flagellar segments (male) conspicuously incised ; head brownish black, the
front and vertical tubercle light yellow; occipital brand black, subnitidous,
narrowly margined with more opaque black; halteres black, knobs obscure
orange; all coxae polished black; femora black, their bases broadly brownish
yellow; abdomen black, segments two to four yellow basally ; male hypopygium
with the lateral tergal lobes obtusely rounded; inner dististyle with the dorsal
crest conspicuous; region of posterior crest produced into an acute spine;
membrane beyond eighth sternite with a subrectangular flattened lobe, provided
with abundant microscopic setulae.

Male.—Length about 10 mm.; wing II mm.; antenna about 5-3-5-5 mm.

Female.—Length about 20 mm.; wing 13°5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head brownish black to black; palpi black. Antennae
black; flagellar segments (male) conspicuously incised. Front and the entire
vertical tubercle light yellow, the colour continued posteriorly on either side of
the broad conspicuous occipital brand, the latter black, subnitidous, narrowly
margined with more opaque black; genae, posterior orbits, and lower side of

I40 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

head brownish black. In the female, antennal pedicel a little paler than the
scape or flagellum; flagellar segments virtually simple.

Pronotum black, broadly pale yellow medially. Mesothorax virtually all
polished black, the restricted humeri and central region of scutum paler;
mediotergite with cephalic two-thirds light yellow, pleurotergite with the kata-
pleurotergite similarly coloured ; dorsopleural membrane obscure orange to light
brown. Halteres black, knobs obscure orange. Legs with all coxae polished
black; trochanters yellow; femora black, the bases broadly brownish yellow,
including about the proximal fourth of the fore legs and about one-third of the
remaining femora; tibiae dark brown; tarsi black; claws (male) toothed. Wings
with a weak brownish tinge, prearcular field and cells C and Sc clearer yellow;
stigma oval, dark brown; very narrow darker seams over anterior cord and at
wing tip; veins brown, in the prearcular field a little brighter. Approximately
15 stigmal trichia; no trichia in cell R, in types, excepting about I5 in one para-
type. Venation: Cell M, broadly sessile.

Abdomen with basal segment black, segments two to four, inclusive, yellow
basally, the posterior borders broadly black; succeeding segments, including the
hypopygium, black, only the sides of basal ring of fifth tergite restrictedly yellow;
outer dististyle of hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 1) with the ter-
gite, t, deeply notched medially, the lateral lobes obtusely rounded; margins of
notch with relatively few blackened spicules. Outer dististyle moderately broad
at midlength, the narrowed outer end relatively short. Inner dististyle, d, with
the dorsal crest conspicuous, lower behind, rising to its highest point opposite
the obtuse lower beak; region of posterior crest produced into a flange that
narrows into an acute black spine. Gonapophyses, g, appearing as pale flaps that
are scarcely longer than the aedeagus. Membrane beyond the eighth sternite with
a suberect flattened lobe, its apex nearly truncate, surface with abundant
microscopic setulae.

Holotype, 3, KENyA, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, altitude 8000 ft.,
October 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9. Paratype, 3, Katamayo, Aberdare
Range, altitude 8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards); 3 additional specimens in
collection.

The nearest species include N. dewitter Alexander, N. ruanda Alexander,
and others, as shown by the position in the key.

Nephrotoma albonigra Alexander (Figs. 5-6)
Nephrotoma albonigya Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 7: 99-101; 1921.
Ucanpba: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., 1 9; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935, 2 gd, 1 9; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., 1 g, 2 2
(Edwards). Kalinzu Forest, January 1935, I 3, 2 2 (Jackson); 12 further speci-
mens in collection.
The types were from various stations in Uganda.

TIPULIDAE I4I

Fics. 1-4.—Nephrotoma spp., male hypopygia. (1) N. aberdarensis; (2) N. edwardsaria;
(3) N. elgonica; (4) N. freemanz. d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, sternite; ¢, tergite.

Nephrotoma chaetopyga Alexander (Figs. 7-10)
Nephrotoma chaetopyga Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 7: 98-9; 1921.

KENYA: Katamayo, Aberdare eae 8000 ft., October 1934, 1 2 (Edwards).
The type was from Kenya.

Nephrotoma chalybea Alexander (Figs. 8-9)
Nephrotoma chalybea Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 7: 101-103; 1921.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., December 1934-
January 1935, I 9 (Edwards). The types were from Uganda.

142 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Nephrotoma dewittei Alexander
Nephrotoma dewittei Alexander; Explor. Parc National Albert, Mission de Witte
(1933-1935), Tipulidae (in press).
UcanpDA: Mount Mgahinga, 10,o00-11,000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards),
paratype 3. One further 2 in collection. The types were from Sabinio Volcano,
Ruanda.

Nephrotoma ectypa (Speiser)
Pachyrhina ectypa Speiser; Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., 52: 138-139; 1905.

UcaANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935, 6 & (Edwards); Bwamba Pass (west side), 5500~7500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935, I 2 (Edwards). Additional specimens in the collection.

The material agrees sufficiently well with Speiser’s original description. His
type, a unique female, was from Mkulumusi, Tanganyika, taken November 22,
1905, by Schroder.

Nephrotoma edwardsaria sp. n. (Fig. 2)

Mesonotum orange, praescutum with three opaque black stripes, the lateral
pair straight ; postnotum orange; pleura chiefly black; antennae (male) elongate,
subequal in length to the body; wings brownish yellow, stigma brown, with
numerous trichia; posterior border of ninth tergite of male with a deep
rectangular notch.

Male.—Length about 12-13 mm.; wing I3-1I4:5 mm.; antenna about
10-15 mm.

Female.—Length about 13 mm.; wing 8-5 & I-2 mm.

Male. Frontal prolongation of head black above, including nasus, brown to
dark brown on sides; palpi black. Antennae black, the scape paler; organ very
long, in most specimens equal to or longer than the body; flagellar segments
elongate-cylindrical, with very small basal swellings; verticils short, scarcely
one-fourth to one-fifth the length of the segment; a dense erect black pubescence
that is approximately half as long as the verticils. Head above dull orange, the
summit of the entire vertical tubercle brighter; a small brown spot on either side
of the vertical tubercle, slightly removed from the eye; occipital brand pale,
broadly triangular in outline, the anterior point acute, darker.

Pronotum obscure orange medially, blackened on sides. Mesonotal prae-
scutum orange, with three opaque black stripes, the lateral pair straight, inter-
spaces distinct; scutum yellow, each lobe with a large darkened area; scutellum
testaceous brown; postnotum orange, the posterior border darkened, pleuro-
tergite dark brown, the katapleurotergite with a major whitened area. Pleura
chiefly black, the pteropleurite chiefly yellow; dorsal parts of the anepisternum,
sternopleurite and meron orange ; dorsopleural membrane yellow. Halteres with

TIPULIDAE 143

stem dusky, apex of knob yellowish white. Legs with all coxae black, sparsely
pruinose ; trochanters brownish yellow ; femora reddish yellow, the tips darkened,
more narrowly so on the middle legs; tibiae dark brown, the tips blackened;
tarsi black; claws (male) simple. Wings brownish yellow, cell Sc slightly darker;
a vague narrow darkened seam along cord; stigma oval, brown; veins dark brown,
slightly brighter in the prearcular field. Stigmal trichia numerous. Venation:
Cell M, sessile, in cases more broadly so.

Abdomen with basal four sternites orange, broadly bordered laterally with
black, sternites yellow, the posterior margins narrowly darkened; subterminal
segments, including hypopygium, black, the latter in cases vaguely patterned
with obscure brownish yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 2) with the ninth tergite,
t, with a deep rectangular notch on posterior border; margin adjoining notch
produced caudad beyond the level of remainder of border, with abundant
spicules. Outer dististyle moderately elongate, the expanded portion including
slightly more than the basal half. Inner dististyle, d, short and compact, no
dorsal crest; outer posterior region produced into a flattened glabrous obtuse
blade or lobe; posterior crest produced into a strong spine, with three or four
strong setae at its base; lower beak extensive, scooplike. Phallosome with the
aedeagus short and broad, the margins infolded; gonapophyses very pale and
weak, narrowed to the acute tips. Eighth sternite relatively small, obscure
orange, bordered by black; posterior margin with a V-shaped notch, the margin
without conspicuous setae.

Female. Generally as in the male, differing in the sexual characters. Wings
semiatrophied, with the venation distorted; long and narrow, as shown by the
measurements. Cerci long and slender, the tips possibly broken in the only
available specimen, appearing truncate.

Holotype, 3, Ruwenzori Range, Nyamgasani Valley, Uganda, altitude
I4,000-15,000 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton).

Allotopotype, 2, with the type. Paratopotype, 1 3; paratypes, 3 3, Namwamba
Valley, in heath forest, 12,000-13,000 ft., December 1934—January 1935
(Edwards). 13 3, 2 2 in the collection.

I take great pleasure in naming this interesting crane-fly in honour of the
collector, my long-time friend Fred W. Edwards. In his manuscript notes he
states ‘Shoulders black or yellow independently of altitude’’.

Nephrotoma elgonica sp. n. (Fig. 3)

Mesonotum orange, the praescutum with three dull black stripes, interspaces
restricted, lateral stripes outcurved; scutal lobes solidly blackened; mediotergite
yellow, the posterior border with two black areas; pleura almost uniformly black-
ened; frontal prolongation brownish black; antennae black, pedicel orange;
head above obscure orange, occipital brand large, dull black; knob of halteres

144 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

10

13

2

Fics. 5-13.—Nephrotoma spp., male hypopygia and antenna. (5) N. albonigva, tergite;

(6) N. albonigva, dististyle; (7) N. chaetopyga, tergite; (8) N. chalybea, dististyle; (9) N.

chalybea, tergite; (10) N. chaetopyga, phallosome; (11) N. fumidapicalis, tergite; (12) N.
leonia, tergite; (13) N. leonia, antennal segments 5 and 6.

TIPULIDAE 145

clear yellow; femora yellow, tips narrowly blackened ; wings strongly infuscated,
stigma dark brown; abdomen light yellow, segments six to eight black.

Male.—Length about 12:5-13 mm.; wing 13-14 mm.; antenna about 4:3-
4:4 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head brownish black; palpi dark brown. Antennae
black, the pedicel abruptly orange or brownish orange, scape slightly pruinose ;
flagellar segments moderately incised, a little exceeding the longest verticils.
Head orange in front, more obscured on the posterior vertex, clear light orange
on the entire vertical tubercle; a more or less distinct small circular dark spot
adjoining the margin of eye behind the antennal base; occipital brand very large
and conspicuous, dull black, the margin and especially the anterior end narrowly
blackened; posterior part of head with abundant long setae.

Pronotum yellow medially, brownish black on sides. Mesonotal praescutum
orange, the surface chiefly covered by three dull black stripes that are barely
contiguous at midlength of the sclerite, restricting the posterior interspaces to
narrow lines before the suture; lateral stripes outcurved to the margin; each
scutai lobe solidly blackened, the posterior lateral angle orange, median area
orange-yellow, the transverse suture deeply impressed at its point; scutellum
dark brown, narrowly lined medially with black; postnotum with more than the
anterior half yellow, the posterior border of the mediotergite with two confluent
black areas; pleurotergite with a major yellow area before root of halteres.
Pleura almost uniformly blackened, suffused with reddish on the meron; dorso-
pleural membrane conspicuously yellow. Halteres with stem testaceous yellow,
knob clear yellow. Legs with coxae black, sparsely pruinose; trochanters
abruptly yellow; femora yellow, the tips rather narrowly blackened, on the middle
legs including approximately the outer fourth, narrower on the other legs;
claws (male) toothed. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, the prearcular field
and cell Sc clearer yellow; stigma oval, dark brown; a vague dusky seam over
the cord; veins brown, more brownish yellow in the brighter fields. Stigmal
trichia about 15; a few trichia in outer end of cell R;. Venation: Rs very gently
arcuated, about one-half longer than the basal section of R;; cell M, broadly
sessile.

Abdomen clear light yellow, segments six to eight black, forming a conspi-
cuous subterminal ring; ninth segment and styli obscure orange, the tergal
borders narrowly and vaguely darkened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 3) with the
posterior border of the tergite, ¢, deeply notched, the lobes with spicules; on
ventral face on either side near lateral margin of lobe with a darkened flange, its
margin with some six or seven similar spicules. Outer dististyle long and narrow.
Inner dististyle, d, with the beak obtuse; lower beak very obtusely rounded;
dorsal crest conspicuous, the height nearly uniform over the entire extent, the
front end precipitous; outer end of style with a small glabrous flange; region of
posterior crest with a long black spine. Phallosome with the gonapophyses

146 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

narrowly pointed at tips, without accessory spine. Region of eighth sternite
produced into a broad parallel-sided lobe, its apex nearly truncate to vaguely
trilobulate, surface with abundant delicate setulae.

Holotype, 3, Mount Elgon, Kenya, alpine zone, altitude 12,000-13,000 ft.,
February 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotype, 3. One additional 3 in collection.

Nephrotoma elgonica is most similar to species such as N. /eto, sp..n., differing
in the coloration, structure of the claws, and details of the male hypopygium, as
described and figured.

Nephrotoma freemani, sp. n. (Fig. 4)

Allied to livingstonet ; mesothorax yellowish white, the praescutum with three
polished black stripes, the outer ends of the lateral pair with an opaque darkened
spot ; fore femora chiefly blackened; wings brownish yellow, stigma oval, brown,
with several trichia; abdomen yellow, the basal tergites with a series of rounded
black spots that form a broken stripe; eighth segment blackened to form a
very narrow ring; male hypopygium with the lateral tergal lobes pro-
duced outwardly; inner dististyle with the beak obtuse, the high dorsal crest
conspicuous.

Male.—Length about 12—12°5 mm.; wing I1-5-I2 mm.; antenna about 5 mm.

Female.—Length about 16 mm.; wing I4 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head polished yellow, nasus a trifle darker, tufted
with black setae; first segment of palpus obscure yellow, second segment more
blackened at tip, outer segments yellowish brown. Antennae (male) moderately
long, as shown by the measurements; scape yellow, pedicel a trifle darker,
flagellum black; flagellar segments rather strongly incised, longer than the
verticils. Head orange-yellow; occipital brand large, triangular in outline, pale
and relatively inconspicuous; vertical tubercle entire.

Pronotum testaceous yellow medially, darker on sides, including the pro-
pleura. Mesonotal praescutum yellowish white, with three polished black stripes,
the median one reaching the suture behind and confluent with a conspicuous
blackening at the point of the latter; lateral stripes appearing outcurved by a
more opaque darkened spot opposite their anterior end; scutum yellowish white,
the centre of lobes blackened, the colour extended laterad to the extreme angle
of the sclerite; scutellum yellow; mediotergite whitened, the posterior end
reddened, the suture slightly darkened. Pleura and pleurotergite whitened,
variegated by reddish areas on the ventral anepisternum, ventral sternopleurite,
along the mesopleural suture, and on the ventral meron. In the female, the
pattern of the notum is darker and more distinct. Halteres with stem obscure
yellow, base of knob dark brown, the apex more yellowed. Legs with the coxae
and trochanters obscure yellow; fore femora black, the basal fourth obscure
yellow ; remaining femora obscure yellow, the tips more narrowly brownish black,

TIPULIDAE 147

narrowest on the posterior legs where scarcely the outer tenth is included;
tibiae dark brown, the tips still darker; tarsi brownish black; claws (male) with
a weak tooth. Wings brownish yellow, the basal and costal regions somewhat
clearer yellow; stigma oval, brown, relatively conspicuous; a very narrow dusky
seam over anterior cord; cells beyond cord, especially the wing tip, shghtly more
darkened; veins brown. About 16-18 stigmal trichia; outer end of cell R; with
two or three scattered trichia. Venation: Sc, ending just beyond origin of Rs,
Sc, preserved ; cell MM, narrowly sessile to short-petiolate ; m-cu a short distance
before fork of M.

Abdomen yellow, the disc of the first tergite and small rounded spots near
posterior borders of tergites two to seven dark brown, the spots smaller on the
outer segments; eighth segment blackened to form a narrow ring; hypopygium
yellow. In the female, the tergal spots are larger and more conspicuous, on the
intermediate segments including approximately one-half to two-thirds the area.
Ovipositor with cerci very long and slender, nearly straight, the tips very narrowly
obtuse. Male hypopygium (Fig. 4) with the ninth tergite, ¢, narrowed outwardly,
the posterior border produced into two lobes, their margins obliquely truncate,
with the outer apical angle farther produced; spicules relatively sparse. Outer
dististyle narrow, with more than the outer third even more attenuated. Inner
dististyle, d, with the beak obtuse, lower beak heavily blackened; dorsal crest
very high, extended forward almost to the end of the beak. Phallosome, p, with
the gonapophyses pale, broad, with a subtending pale spine in the angle. Eighth
sternite, s, broad, sheathing, the posterior border convexly rounded, with a
median more membranous area; lobes adjoining the membrane with longer
brushes of setae that are decussate across the midline.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, Uganda, altitude 4500 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, I 3, 1 2; 5 further
specimens in collection.

I am pleased to name this species for Mr. Paul Freeman, of the British
Museum (Natural History), to whom I am greatly indebted for assistance in
settling the identities of various species discussed in the report. Edwards had
made the note ‘‘Very close to livingstone: but male hypopygium differs’’. The
most similar species include N. livingstoner Alexander and N. subdentata
Alexander, which differ as indicated in the key.

Nephrotoma fuscipennis pronotalis Alexander
Nephrotoma fuscipennis pronotalis Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 7: 106; 1921-

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., 1 g, 2 2; Mobuku Valley,
7300 ft., December 1934—January 1935, I g, I 2; Bwamba Pass (west side),
5500-7500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards); Entebbe, December 13,
1934, I 2 (Edwards) ; Kalinzu Forest, January 1935, 2 ¢ (Jackson).

148 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Nephrotoma kigeziana sp. n. (Fig. 14)

Mesonotal praescutum reddish, chiefly covered by three polished black
stripes, the interspaces reduced; mediotergite light yellow, the posterior part
infuscated ; head orange-yellow, occipital brand pale brown, sending a narrow
dusky line cephalad to the summit of the entire vertical tubercle; antennae dark
brown ; femora brownish black, the bases obscure yellow; wings brownish yellow,
stigma darker brown; abdomen brownish black, segments two and three chiefly
yellow; male hypopygium with the dorsal crest of the inner dististyle very high
behind, its posterior end precipitous; eighth sternite with the posterior border
produced into a broad semicircular lobe that is provided with long coarse black
setae.

Male.—Length about Ir mm.; wing II mm.; antenna about 5 mm.

Female.—Length about 13 mm.; wing 12 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head with more than the dorsal half, including
nasus, black, ventral surface yellow; palpi with first segment brown, segments
two and three obscure yellow, terminal one brownish black. Antennae (male)
dark brown, the basal swellings of the segments brownish black; flagellar seg-
ments moderately incised. In the female, scape obscure yellow, the remainder
medium brown. Head orange-yellow, the region of the orbits restrictedly
darkened; occipital brand pale brown, narrowly triangular, sending a narrow
dusky line cephalad to the summit of the low entire vertical tubercle; ventral
surface of head, including the occiput, more or less infuscated.

Pronotum obscure to clearer yellow medially, darkened on sides. Mesonotal
praescutum reddish, chiefly covered by three polished black stripes, greatly
reducing the interspaces; scutum similarly blackened, the midregion a little
brightened; scutellum testaceous yellow, parascutella dusky ; mediotergite light
yellow, the posterior border with a pair of pruinose brown areas; pleurotergite
dark brown, vaguely reddened on the katapleurotergite. Pleura dark reddish
brown to liver brown, the ventral sternopleurite still darker; dorsopleural
membrane dusky. Halteres with stem obscure yellow to brown, knob dark
brown. Legs with all coxae black, sparsely pruinose; trochanters castaneous ;
femora brownish black, the bases obscure yellow, narrowest on the fore pair
where about the proximal fourth or fifth is included, on posterior femora with
nearly the proximal half brightened; tibiae and tarsi dark brown to brownish
black; claws (male) toothed. Wings with a strong brownish yellow tinge, the
prearcular and costal fields even more suffused, cells C and Sc concolorous ; stigma
oval, darker brown; a vague dusky cloud over the anterior cord; restricted
obliterative streaks before stigma and at base of cell rst M,; veins brown. A

few stigmal trichia; in female with about five in outer end of cell R,, lacking in
male. Venation: Cell M, sessile.

Abdomen dark brown to brownish black, segments two and three chiefly

TIPULIDAE 149

yellow, the former with the base darkened, the third tergite with the outer
third dark brown; outer segments, including hypopygium, brownish black to
black, the dististyles yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig.14) with the ninth tergite, ¢,
transverse, the posterior border with two broad lobes that are separated by a
deep and narrow U-shaped notch; lobes with margin and dorsal surface near the
notch with blackened spicules, on ventral surface with a conspicuous flange on
either side of midline, the margins with about five or six spicules. Outer dististyle
with the apical point relatively short. Inner dististyle, d, with the beak very
obtuse; lower beak blackened, scooplike; dorsal crest conspicuous, beginning
just behind the beak, rising rapidly behind, the posterior end precipitous.
Phallosome, #, with the gonapophyses appearing as pale flattened spatulate
blades, on inner margin near base with a small acute pale spine. Eighth sternite
with the posterior border produced into a broad semicircular lobe that is pro-
vided with long coarse black setae, more numerous near the margins; median
region of border with a group of more delicate setae.

Holotype, 3, Mount Mahavura, Kigezi Province, south-western UGANDA,
altitude 10,000-12,000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Mabungo,
altitude 6000 ft., November 1934 (Ford). One additional male in collection.

Despite its position in the key, the present fly is probably closer to other
more blackened species, including Nephrotoma nycteris, sp. n.

Nephrotoma kigeziana celator, ssp. n.

Characters as in the typical form, the comparisons and differences as follows:
Frontal prolongation of head yellow, narrowly darkened above, including the
nasus; apex of terminal segment of palpus orange. Antennae a little longer, the
flagellar segments more slender; scape obscure orange. Pattern of dorsum of
head virtually the same. Pronotum yellow above. Stripes of mesonotal prae-
scutum more evidently separated by yellow lines. Pleurotergite with the
katapleurotergite extensively yellow. The amount of dark colour on femora
approximately the same. Wings with cell M, broadly sessile. Abdomen with
segments two and three chiefly bright yellow, variegated by a small black spot on
middorsal line before apex ; fourth segment yellow, the dark area larger ; succeed-
ing segments, including hypopygium, blackened.

In the female, the entire pleura and all coxae yellowed. Lateral praescutal
stripe narrowly outcurved to the margin, isolating a yellow spot behind it.
Abdomen with the basal tergite yellow, like the three succeeding ones. Wings
with cell /, narrowly sessile.

Holotype, 3, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, altitude 5000 ft.,
December 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. One additional male in collec-
tion.

150 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Nephrotoma kigeziana trigona ssp. n. (Fig 15)

Male.—Length about 14 mm.; wing 14 mm.; antenna about 4:2 mm.

Female.—Length about 17 mm.; wing 16 mm.

Generally similar to typical N. kigeziana in coloration and structure of male
hypopygium, differing in the larger size, details of pattern, and minor details of
the hypopygium.

Basal segments of palpi yellow. Antennal scape orange-yellow, the remainder
darkened; flagellar segments (male) more evidently incised, the cuter lobe of the
individual segments larger. Occipital brand large and conspicuous, much broader
and darker than in the typical form. Central region of pronotum and area on
pleurotergite clear yellow; dorsopleural membrane yellow. Dark colour of
femora less intense and more gradual. Wings with macrotrichia in outer end
of cell R;, in the male with a few others in cell M,. Venation: Cell M, short-
petiolate to rather broadly sessile.

Abdomen of male chiefly yellow, with a broad black subterminal ring in-
volving segments seven and eight, with the outer end of six ; hypopygium obscure
yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 15) much as in the typical form, including the
dististyles and eighth sternite. Ninth tergite, ¢, differing as shown, the mesal and
lateral portions of each lobe produced, the lateral lobes with longer and more
conspicuous spinous setae. Beak of inner dististyle, d, slender; dorsal crest high
behind; region of posterior crest produced into a weak darkened sclerotised
point that is scarcely a spine. Posterior border of eighth sternite membraneous
at midline, slightly produced, the setae much shorter than the stout dark
coloured lateral ones.

In the female, the knobs of the halteres are more conspicuously pale yellow;
central region of scutum broadly yellow. Cerci long and slender, the tips
rounded.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENYA, altitude 8000 ft.,
October 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9.

Nephrotoma latispina sp. n. (Fig. 16)

Allied to ochripennis ; mesonotal praescutum polished yellow, the praescutum
with three broad black stripes, the lateral pair straight ; pleura and pleurotergite
whitened, variegated by reddish areas ; femora obscure yellow, the tips blackened,
more extensively so on the fore legs; claws (male) toothed; wings weakly tinged
with brown, the stigma conspicuous; a few macrotrichia in outer end of cell R;;
abdomen orange, with a broad black subterminal ring; remaining tergites each
with a blackened median triangle near posterior end; male hypopygium with the
posterior spine of the inner dististyle unusually broad and stout.

Male.—Length about 14 mm.; wing I5 mm.; antenna about 6 mm.

TIPULIDAE I51

Fics. 14-17.—Nephrotoma spp., male hypopygia. (14) N. kigeziana; (15) N. kigeziana
trigona; (16) N. latispina; (17) N. leto. d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, sternite; t, tergite.

Frontal prolongation of head polished yellow, more reddened above; nasus
distinct, a little darker; palpi brown, the first segment more yellowish brown.
Antennae relatively long; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum black, the first
segment paler on proximal half; flagellar segments moderately incised, the basal
swellings moderate; verticils subequal to or a little shorter than the segments.
Head with front yellow, more orange behind; occipital brand nacreous, pale and
inconspicuous, pointed at anterior end; vertical tubercle entire.

Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal praescutum polished, the ground yellow, the
praescutum with three broad black stripes, restricting the infuscated posterior
interspaces ; lateral stripes straight; scutal lobes almost entirely polished black,
the median area restrictedly yellow; scutellum brownish yellow, narrowly pale
brown on central part; mediotergite light yellow, the posterior border narrowly
darkened. Pleura and pleurotergite whitened, variegated by more reddish

152 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

areas on the anepisternum, ventral sternopleurite and anapleurotergite. Halteres
with stem light brown, knob darker brown, the apex narrowly yellow. Legs with
all coxae and trochanters yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips blackened,
more extensively so on fore legs where about the outer fifth is included, narrowest
on the hind pair where about the distal twelfth is blackened; tibiae brown to
dark brown; tarsi black; claws (male) toothed. Wings with a weak brownish
tinge, prearcular field and cells C and Sc more yellowed; stigma oval, brown,
conspicuous ; wing tip narrowly darkened; veins dark brown, paler brown in the
yellowed fields. A few macrotrichia in stigma and outer end of cell R;. Venation:
Rs oblique, about one-half longer than the basal section of R,,;; cell M, broadly
sessile ; m-cu about one-fifth to one-seventh its length before fork of M.

Abdomen orange, the tergites with a series of black triangles, including the
first tergite, and on the posterior ring of the succeeding segments, additional to
a smaller area on basal ring of second tergite ; a subterminal black ring involving
segments six to eight; hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium (lig. 16) with the
outer angles of the lateral lobes of the ninth tergite, ¢, slightly produced, the
spicules relatively sparse. Outer dististyle long and narrow, especially the outer
third. Inner dististyle, d, with the beak short and stout, the lower beak extensive,
appearing as a troughlike plate; dorsal crest high, both ends precipitous;
posterior spine unusually stout and broad, with setae on its basal part; opposite
surface of style behind the spine with four small cylindrical pegs, each tipped
with a single seta. Appendage of the eighth sternite, s, conspicuous, subrect-
angular, the outer apical angles a little produced laterally.

Holotype, 3, Chania Falls, Aberdare Range, KENyA, altitude 4000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Paratype, 1 3, Katamayo, Kenya, altitude 8000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards).

The nearest relative of the present fly seems to be Nephrotoma ochripennis
Alexander, which differs in coloration and in details of structure of the male

hypopygium.
Nephrotoma leto sp. n. (Fig. 17)

Mesonotal praescutum light yellow, with three subnitidous black stripes that
are broadly confluent ; remainder of thorax conspicuously patterned black and
yellow; head black, including the very large occipital brand, front and sides of
the anterior vertex orange; antennae black throughout ; femora black, the bases
yellow; abdomen conspicuously patterned with black and yellow, the segments
yellow basally, the lateral and posterior borders broadly black ; male hypopygium
with a conspicuous spine in the region of the posterior crest of the inner dististyle.

Male.—Length about 9:5-I0 mm.; wing, I1-5—11°8 mm.; antenna about
5°5-6 mm.

Female.—Length about Ir mm.; wing II mm.

Frontal prolongation of head dark brown, blackened dorsally, including the

TIPULIDAE 153

nasus; palpi black. Antennae black throughout, relatively long in male;
flagellar segments somewhat strongly incised, much longer than the verticils.
Head with front and sides of anterior vertex orange, the remainder of head
blackened, being occupied chiefly by the very large occipital brand, this margined
very narrowly in front and more broadly on sides by intense velvety black.

Pronotum broadly yellow medially, blackened on sides. Mesonotal prae-
scutum with the restricted ground light yellow, the disk chiefly covered by three
subnitidous black stripes that are broadly confluent, restricting the interspaces
to narrow posterior areas; median stripe vaguely patterned with more intense
black behind; lateral stripes with a large opaque marginal spot at anterior end,
the stripes crossing the suture on to the scutal lobes, the median scutal area
broadly yellow; scutellum yellowish brown, the parascutella black, this colour
continued caudad as a broad line over the postnotal suture ; posterior borders of
both the mediotergite and pleurotergite blackened, the remainder conspicuously
light yellow. Pleura black, variegated with yellow, including the pteropleurite
and the dorsopleural region. Halteres dusky, the apex of knob obscure yellow.
Legs with all coxae black; trochanters yellow; femora black, the bases yellow,
on the fore pair including about the proximal sixth, broader on the middle and
posterior legs, on the latter including about the proximal third; tibiae and tarsi
dark brown, the latter darkened outwardly; claws (male) dilated at base but
otherwise simple. Wings with a faint yellow tinge, the prearcular and costal
fields more saturated yellow; stigma oval, dark brown; extreme wing tip
darkened; veins brown. Stigma with from 8 to 15 macrotrichia, these lacking in
the cells. Venation: Cell /, narrowly sessile.

Abdomen conspicuously patterned black and yellow; first segment black,
segments two to eight yellow basally, the posterior and lateral borders broadly
black, the amount of yellow becoming gradually more restricted on the outer
segments, being very reduced on the seventh and eighth segments; sternites
chiefly darkened; hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 17) with the
lateral lobes of the ninth tergite, t, low, separated by a U-shaped notch, provided
with relatively few spicules, totalling about 25 per lobe; lobes with abundant
dense pale setulae. Outer dististyle long and narrow, especially the attenuated
outer two-fifths. Inner dististyle, d, with the dorsal crest high in front, sloping
gradually backward, the surface with microscopic longitudinal lines that resemble
delicate setae; beak slender; region of posterior crest produced into a powerful
black spine. Phallosome, ~, with the gonapophyses simple, with nearly the outer
half paling to membrane. Appendage of eighth sternite a flattened pale lobe,
slightly expanded at outer end, the entire surface with abundant pale setulae.

Holotype, 3, Nyeri Track, Aberdare Range, KENnyA, altitude 10,500 ft.,
October 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, 2 3. Seven additional
specimens in collection.

One specimen was considered by Edwards as being distinct from typical

154 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

leto. It differs chiefly in having the abdominal tergites almost uniformly yellow,
the dark apical bands lacking, being indicated on the sides of the sclerites by
fuscous markings. I am considering this specimen as being a typical /eto. The
species is closest to Nephrotoma elgonica, sp. n., differing in coloration and
details of structure of the male hypopygium.

Nephrotoma mobukuensis sp. n.

Mesonotal praescutum with three nearly confluent black stripes; head light
yellow, the occipital brand pale reddish brown, continued cephalad to the summit
of the vertical tubercle ; scutum and scutellum brownish black, the mediotergite
light yellow; pleura cinnamon brown, variegated by darker; femora brown, the
bases broadly yellow; wings with a weak brownish yellow tinge, stigma darker;
very restricted darkenings along cord and at extreme wing tip; sparse macro-
trichia in extreme outer end of cell R,; cell M, broadly sessile ; abdomen brownish
black, the dorsal genital shield brownish yellow.

Female.—Length about 15 mm.; wing 13 mm.; antenna about 2 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head yellow; nasus elongate; palpi brown. Antennae
with scape light yellow, pedicel testaceous, first flagellar segment light brown, the
remainder darker brown; flagellar segments with very weak basal enlargements,
verticils very long, approximately twice the segments. Head conspicuously
light yellow, variegated by the occipital brand which is pale reddish brown, long-
triangular, sending a line cephalad to the anterior end of the conspicuous vertical
tubercle, the latter very weakly notched, as viewed from above; occipital region
on lower surface of head weakly darkened.

Pronotum dark brown, the central region of scutum abruptly light yellow.
Mesonotal praescutum with three nearly confluent black stripes, the surface
slightly opaque; lateral stripes merging with the paler lateral borders, their
anterior ends not outcurved, humeral region more brightened; scutum and
scutellum dark brown to brownish black, the parascutella paler; mediotergite
light yellow, its posterior border weakly more darkened, especially on outer
lateral portions; sides of mediotergite at near midlength with a few scattered
setae; pleurotergite chestnut brown, the cephalic half of the katapleurotergite
somewhat more yellowed. Pleura cinnamon brown, the ventral sternopleurite
and dorsal pteropleurite much darker brown; dorsopleural region paler; a yellow
area before the wing root. Halteres with stem brownish testaceous, knob darker,
its upper edge restrictedly pale. Legs with all coxae dark brown; trochanters
obscure yellow, the posterior pair more infuscated; femora brown, the bases
broadly yellow, involving about the proximal fourth, merging gradually with
the darker outer parts; tibiae brown, the tips narrowly blackened; tarsi brown.
Wings with a weak brownish yellow tinge, the costal region more saturated ;
stigma oval, darker brown; narrow to scarcely indicated darkenings along cord

TIPULIDAE 155

and at extreme wing tip; veins brown. Stigmal trichia about 17, with approxi-
mately the same number in outer end of cell R;. Venation: Sc, ending opposite
origin of Fs, Sc, well preserved; Fs oblique, nearly straight, slightly exceeding
the basal section of R,,;; cell W, broadly sessile ; m-cu about one-fifth its length
before M,.

Abdomen brownish black, polished; dorsal genital shield obscure brownish
yellow, the bases of the hypovalvae conspicuously darkened. Cerci straight.

Holotype, 2, Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, altitude 7300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). One further female in collection.

Edwards believed this species to be distinct although rather closely allied to
Nephrotoma albonigra Alexander and N. triquetra, sp.n. The distinctions between
these species are shown in the key.

Nephrotoma nycteris sp. n. (Fig. 27)

General coloration polished black; head orange, occipital brand conspicuous ;
antennae black throughout; halteres and legs black; wings with a strong blackish
tinge, the prearcular and costal fields even more suffused; abdomen black,
including the hypopygium, the more proximal segments patterned with orange ;
inner dististyle of the male hypopygium with the dorsal crest well developed,
most depressed at about midlength; appendage of eighth sternite with the apex
rounded.

Male.—Length about 10 mm.; wing II mm.; antenna about 4 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head dark brown, the dorsal surface and nasus more
blackened. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments (male) strongly
incised. Head orange, with brown areas on summit of vertical tubercle and
along the posterior orbits ; occipital brand conspicuous, triangular, polished dark
brown, narrowly margined by more velvety brownish black.

Pronotum dull brownish black. Mesonotum more polished black, the para-
scutella and cephalic half of mediotergite a trifle paler, brownish black. Pleura
black; dorsopleural membrane dusky. Halteres blackened. Legs black through-
out. Wings with a strong blackish tinge, the prearcular and costal fields even
more blackened; stigma oval, similarly blackened; narrowly darkened seams
along cord and for the whole length of vein Cu in cells M and M,; centres of
cells R,, M and Cu paler; veins dark brown. Venation: Cell M, broadly sessile,
basal section of M, longer than 7-m.

Abdomen, including the hypopygium, black; tergite two conspicuously
orange at midlength; tergite three more narrowly orange basally, four barely
brightened subbasally; sternites two to four, inclusive, chiefly orange, the pos-
terior borders narrowly darkened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 27) with the posterior
border of the ninth tergite, ¢, with a deep median notch, the summit of each lobe
produced caudad into a small point, this representing the summit of a flange on

156 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

the ventral surface of the plate; inner margins of the lobes with relatively few
spicules. Outer dististyle elongate, the outer third more narrowed. Inner
dististyle, d, with a well developed glabrous dorsal crest, highest behind, lower
in front, most depressed at near midlength; posterior crest extended into a
straight slender spine. Phallosome, f, with the gonapophyses about one-half
longer than the aedeagus, appearing as flattened blades with obtuse tips; near
base of each with a long slender spine. Appendage of eighth sternite, s, generally
as in fuscipennis, the apex rounded.

Holotype, 3, Kanaba, Kigezi Province, south-west UGANDA, altitude
7800 ft., November 1934 (Edwards). One additional male in collection.

The nearest relative seems to be Nephrotoma fuscipennis (Karsch), which is
distinguished by the hypopygial characters, as the tergite, inner dististyle,
phallosome, and sternal lobe.

Nephrotoma ochripennis Alexander (Fig. 21)
Nephrotoma ochripennis Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 7: 108-109; Ig21.

KenyA: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, altitude 8000 ft., October 1934
(Edwards). Seven further specimens in collection.

Nephrotoma perlepida sp. n. (Fig. 28)

Mesonotal praescutum light yellow, with three broad black stripes that restrict
the posterior interspaces to narrow lines; lateral stripes broadly outcurved to
margin; head yellow, occipital brand pale and poorly differentiated; antennae
with scape light yellow, flagellum brownish black ; femora black, the bases yellow,
more broadly so on the middle and hind legs; wings strongly tinged with brown ;
abdominal tergites black, the basal rings of the more proximal segments very
vaguely brightened; male hypopygium with the beak of the inner dististyle
very obtuse, dorsal crest very high, rising to a point behind; eighth sternite
emarginate apically and further produced into a medium ligula, all lobes with
very long coarse setae.

Male.—Length about Io mm.; wing II mm.; antenna about 5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head yellow, narrowly more reddish brown dorsally,
nasus brown; palpi dark brown, the first segment brownish yellow. Antennae
relatively long, nearly one-half the wing; scape clear light yellow, pedicel brown,
flagellum brownish black, the small basal swellings somewhat darker; flagellar
segments moderately incised, longer than the verticils. Head yellow, occipital
brand triangular, pale, poorly differentiated; vertical tubercle rounded, entire;
a small brown orbital spot at narrowest point of vertex.

TIPULIDAE 157

Pronotum broadly yellow medially, brownish black on sides. Mesonotal
praescutum polished light yellow, with three broad black stripes that restrict
the posterior interspaces to narrow lines; outer ends of lateral stripes broadly
outcurved to margin, polished throughout, involving the adjacent part of the
pretergite; scutal lobes chiefly covered by two confluent black areas, the suture
blackened virtually throughout its length; scutellum and parascutella black;
mediotergite chiefly light yellow, the posterior border narrowly blackened, inter-
connected with a broad line along the suture and ventral edge of pleurotergite.
Pleura with the propleura and mesepisternum chiefly black, the dorsal anepister-
num and dorsal sternopleurite restrictedly obscure yellow; mesepimeron and
meron virtually all clear light yellow, producing a major transverse area below
the wing root. Halteres blackened, the extreme base of stem brownish yellow,
apex of knob a trifle brightened. Legs with all coxae black; trochanters obscure
brownish yellow; femora black, the bases yellow, on the fore legs involving
about the proximal third, on the middle and hind legs nearly the basal half;
tibiae and tarsi brownish black to black; claws (male) toothed. Wings with a
strong brownish tinge, the tip slightly more darkened; cells C and Sc a very little
more darkened than the ground; veins brown. No stigmal trichia; outer end of
cell R; with a very few trichia. Venation: Cell M, open by the almost complete
atrophy of m, this indicated only by a short spur on vein M; this is presumed to
be an abnormal condition, with the cell normally closed, in which case it appears
that cell M, would be short-petiolate.

Abdominal tergites brownish black to black, the basal rings of tergites two
to four very vaguely to scarcely more brightened, nacreous; hypopygium
brownish yellow. Ninth tergite, ¢, of the male hypopygium (Fig. 28) narrowed
outwardly, the posterior margin with a narrow V-shaped notch, forming two
lobes, the outer apical angles of which are farther produced into glabrous obtuse
lobules ; spiculose armature relatively sparse on outer margin, ventral plates well-
developed. Outer dististyle long, attenuated on outer half, the length about five
times the greatest width. Inner dististyle, d, with the beak very obtuse, formed
in large part by the anterior end of the very high glabrous dorsal crest, this rising
to a point behind; both beak and lower beak extensively blackened; region of
posterior crest with a single microscopic spinous point. Phallosome with the
gonapophyses appearing as feebly sclerotised blades that are nearly parallel-
sided, the outer ends scarcely dilated; no accessory basal spine. Eighth
sternite extensively sheathing, emarginate apically to produce two obtuse lobes,
with a further median ligula projecting beyond, all lobes with very long coarse
setae.

Holotype, 3, Budongo Forest, UGANDA, February 7-8, 1935 (Edwards).

The most similar species is Nephrotoma thysia, sp. n., which differs especially
in the hypopygial characters, as described and figured.

158 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

16

19

22

25

Fics. 18-26.—Nephrotoma spp., parts of male hypopygia, antennae and head. (18) N.

nigeviensis, tergite; (19) N. nigeviensis, antennal segments 5 and 6; (20) N. marshalli,

antennal segments 4-6; (21) N. ochvipennis; (22) N. marshalli, head in dorsal aspect;

(23) N. ruwenzoriana, tergite; (24) N. vuwenzoriana, sternite; (25) N. tricincta, tergite;
(26) N. tricincta, sternite.

26

TIPULIDAE 159

Nephrotoma ruwenzoriana Alexander (Fig. 24)
Nephrotoma ruwenzoviana Alexander; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 20, pl. 4, fig. 6
(venation) ; 1920.

UcanpDa: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., 3 ¢; Namwamba Valley,
6500 ft., r g, 2 9; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., 3 g, 1 2 (Edwards); Nyamgasani
Valley, 6400 ft., 1 2 (Buxton).

The above series totalled some 20 specimens, none of which was sent to me.
Edwards had made the note that some specimens have the pronotum more or
less orange. The type was from the western slope of Ruwenzori, in the Belgian
Congo, collected in 1914 by Joseph Bequaert.

Nephrotoma subdentata Alexander

Nephrotoma subdentata Alexander; Faune Entomol. Ruanda-Urandi (Mission Basilewsky
1953), Xxvul, Diptera Ptychopteridae et Tipulidae, pp. 272-273; 1955.

Part of type material: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—
January 1935 (Edwards); Fort Portal, 5000 ft., December 1934—January 1935
(Edwards); Kalinzu Forest, south-west UGANDA, January 1935 (Jackson).
Four further specimens in collection. The Basilewsky materials were from
Urundi, Belgian Congo.

General coloration of mesonotum pale yellow, the praescutum with three
brown stripes, the lateral pair appearing outcurved; antennae (male) relatively
long, nearly one-half the body; fore femora black, the basal third yellow,
remaining femora chiefly yellow with about the outer fourth black; abdominal
tergites yellow, the posterior borders with a subcircular brown spot, these
becoming smaller on the outer segments, eighth segment blackened, forming a
narrow subterminal ring; male hypopygium with the lower margin of the beak of
the inner dististyle produced into a blackened spine or tooth.

Male.—Length about I0-10-5 mm.; wing 10-5-II mm.; antenna about
45-5 mm.

Female.—Length about 12-16 mm. ; wing I0-13°5 mm.

Male hypopygium generally as in Nephrotoma thysia, sp. n., with the ninth
tergite, outer dististyle, gonapophyses and eighth sternite much the same. Inner
dististyle with the beak slender; dorsal crest low and pale, precipitous behind;
base of beak produced into an acute blackened spine, directed towards the
broadly obtuse blackened lower beak.

Nephrotoma thysia sp. n. (Fig. 30)

General coloration of thorax polished yellow, the praescutum with three
polished dark brown stripes, the anterior ends of the lateral pair outcurved;
frontal prolongation of head yellow; antennae with scape and pedicel yellow,

160 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

flagellar segments beyond the first bicoloured, obscure yellow, the basal enlarge-
ments dark brown ; head orange-yellow, the occipital brand very narrow; pleura
yellowish white, with extensive reddish brown areas; apices of knobs of halteres
obscure yellow; femora yellow basally, passing into brown, the tips blackened;
tibiae and tarsi black; wings brownish yellow, stigma brown; macrotrichia in
outer end of cell &;; basal abdominal segments orange, patterned with black,
subterminal segments more uniformly darkened, hypopygium chiefly yellow;
male hypopygium with the posterior border of eighth sternite weakly trilobed,
the lobes fringed with long conspicuous setae, the longest decussate.

Male.—Length about 11-5 mm.; wing 13 mm.; antenna about 5 mm.

Female.—Length about 16 mm.; wing 13-5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head light yellow, more reddened above; nasus
elongate; palpi dark brown. Antennae (male) moderately long, exceeding one-
third the wing; scape and pedicel light yellow, first flagellar segment more obscure
yellow; succeeding segments bicoloured, obscure yellow, the basal enlargements
dark brown, outermost segments gradually darkened; flagellar segments
moderately incised. Head orange-yellow, the occipital brand very narrow,
extended into an acute point at anterior end on the rounded vertical tubercle.

Pronotal scutum darkened, the scutellum and pretergites more whitened.
Mesonotal praescutum polished yellow, with three dark brown stripes, the lateral
pair with a shiny darkening opposite their anterior end, this barely reaching the
lateral border; scutum yellow medially, the lobes chiefly dark brown, polished,
leaving the prominent posterior angles light brown; lateral ends of suture more
intensely blackened ; scutellum testaceous yellow; mediotergite light yellow, the
posterior third more reddened. Pleura and pleurotergite yellowish white, with
extensive reddish brown areas, including much of the anepisternum, ventral
sternopleurite and meron. Halteres infuscated, the base of stem and apex of
knob obscure yellow. Legs with coxae yellow, the bases more infuscated, more
extensive on the fore pair where most of the outer face is included; trochanters
yellow ; femora yellow basally, passing into brown, the tips blackened; tibiae and
tarsi black; claws (male) toothed. Wings with a brownish yellow tinge, the costal
border virtually concolorous ; stigma brown; veins brown. Stigma with numerous
macrotrichia on proximal fourth; a further group of trichia in outer end of cell
R,. Venation: Rs gently arcuated, nearly one-half longer than the basal section
of R4,,;, cell M, narrowly sessile; m-cu a short distance before M,.

First abdominal tergite with more than the cephalic half brownish black, the
narrower lateral and posterior borders orange; succeeding tergites orange, with
a conspicuous black area at and near posterior border, this becoming larger on
outer segments; basal sternites orange; subterminal segments more uniformly
infuscated; hypopygium chiefly yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 30) much as in
perlepida, differing especially in the structure of the eighth sternite. Ninth
tergite, ¢, transverse, slightly narrowed behind; lobes broad, separated by a

TIPULIDAE I6I

narrow U-shaped notch; outer apical angle of each lobe a little produced ; dorsal
surface with spicules, additional to the conspicuous ventral flange, the latter
provided with two separate groups of spicules, separated by a U-shaped emargina-
tion. Outer dististyle long and narrow, especially the outer half. Inner dististyle,
d, with a well-marked dorsal crest that ends abruptly at near midlength of style;
no posterior spine. Gonapophyses appearing as long pale blades, the tips a
trifle paler and expanded. Eighth sternite, s, extensive, narrowed posteriorly,
the margin weakly trilobed, provided with brushes of long curved bristles that
are decussate across the midline.

Holotype, 3, Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, altitude 7300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 9°, Kilembe, Ruwenzori
Range, altitude 4500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotype,
3; paratype, 3, with the allotype. Two further males in collection.

The closest relative of this fly appears to be Nephrotoma perlepida, sp. n.,
which while having several hypopygial features somewhat the same differ in
other details, especially the body coloration.

Nephrotoma triquetra sp. n. (Fig. 31)

Mesonotum uniformly polished black in male, in the female with the anterior
two-thirds of the mediotergite and central part of the pronotal scutum yellow or
orange; head deep orange, without occipital brand; halteres and legs uniformly
blackened; wings with a dusky tinge, restrictedly patterned with darker; inner
dististyle of male hypopygium with the dorsal crest very high and conspicuous,
especially posteriorly; eighth sternite with the caudal border triangularly
produced, provided with abundant long coarse black setae.

Male.—Length about I0-II mm.; wing I1I-5-13 mm.; antenna about
6-6-2 mm.

Female.—Length about 16 mm.; wing 13 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head clear light yellow, the nasus and middorsal
region brownish black. Antennae (male) relatively long, approximately one-
half the wing; scape and pedicel brown, flagellum black; flagellar segments
elongate, moderately incised. Head deep orange, without an occipital brand;
indications of a very narrow orbital darkening at narrowest point of vertex;
vertical tubercle weakly notched.

Pronotum uniformly blackened in male, the central part of scutum in female
orange. Mesonotum uniformly polished black, the humeral praescutal region and
pretergites a trifle paler. In the female, the anterior two-thirds of the medioter-
gite yellow. Pleura brownish black, including the dorsopleural membrane. In
some specimens, including the type male, the pleurotergite has a large whitened
area on the katapleurotergite ; other males that appear to be conspecific lack this
area. Halteres black. Legs uniformly blackened; claws (male) toothed. Wings

162 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

with a dusky tinge, the prearcular and costal fields more strongly blackened ;
stigma oval, dark brown; vague to scarcely indicated darkenings on anterior
cord and extreme wing tip; veins dark brown. A group of about 35 macrotrichia
in outer end of cell R,;, with a few further ones in cell M,. Venation: Rs short,
oblique, about one-third longer than the basal section of R4,5; cell M, very
short-petiolate to narrowly sessile; m-cu about one-third its length before M,.

Abdomen black, the posterior borders of the tergites more opaque; hypo-
pygium black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 31) with the ninth tergite, ¢, transverse,
the caudal margin with a U-shaped median notch; lateral lobes slightly oblique,
provided with spicules except on the slightly more produced outer apical
angles; ventral face with further armature. Outer dististyle long and narrow,
the length approximately four times the greatest width. Inner dististyle, ¢d, with
the beak short and obtuse ; lower beak very obtuse, blackened ; dorsal crest very
high and conspicuous, especially posteriorly, entirely glabrous. Phallosome, /,
consisting of the spatulate pale gonapophyses, with an accessory lateral blade
that extends into a long acute spine. Eighth sternite, s, with the posterior
border triangularly produced, the surface, and especially the lateral margins,
with abundant long coarse black setae, these becoming smaller and weaker
toward the apex.

Holotype, 3, Kalinzu Forest, south-western UGANDA, January 1935 (T. H. E.
Jackson). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, 2 3; paratype, I 3, Bwamba Pass
(west side), Ruwenzori Range, altitude 5500-7500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards).

The present fly is generally similar to various other chiefly black species,
including Nephrotoma dewittet Alexander, N. nycteris, sp.n., N. ruanda Alexander,
N. ruwenzoriana Alexander, and others, differing most evidently in the details
of structure of the male hypopygium.

Nephrotoma venusticeps sp. n. (Fig. 29)

Mesonotal praescutum reddish, with three polished black stripes that are
almost confluent behind; mediotergite and pronotum broadly yellow or orange;
head yellow, the dorsal surface conspicuously patterned with darker, including
the occipital brand and a broad transverse band across the anterior vertex ; fore
femora black, yellow basally, remaining femora yellow with narrowly blackened
tips; wings brownish yellow, the oval stigma darker brown; abdomen conspicu-
ously patterned with yellow and black; male hypopygium with the dorsal crest
of the inner dististyle conspicuous; eighth sternite with the posterior margin
convexly rounded, not produced into a lobe.

Male.—Length about 11-12 mm.; wing 13 mm.; antenna about 5:2—5-3 mm.

Female.—Length about 16 mm.; wing 13 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head yellow, weakly more darkened above, nasus

TIPULIDAE 163

Fics. 27-31.—Nephrotoma spp., male hypopygia. (27) N. nyctevis; (28) N. pevlepida;
(29) N. venusticeps; (30) N. thysia; (31) N. triquetva. d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, sternite;
t, tergite.

brownish black; palpi brown, the first segment yellow, the second darker at
apex. Antennae with the scape obscure yellow, pedicel brown, flagellum black ;
flagellar segments moderately incised, exceeding the longest verticils. Head with
front and lower surface light yellow; dorsum conspicuously patterned, vertical
tubercle orange; occipital brand broad, plumbeous black, narrowly bordered by

164 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

more velvety black, including a narrow central vitta to summit of the vertical
tubercle ; sides of anterior vertex uniformly opaque brownish black, most intense
in front, the whole effect being of a bright vertex with a broad transverse band
extending from eye to eye.

Pronotum broadly obscure orange medially, dark brown on sides. Mesonotal
praescutum reddish, with three polished black stripes that are almost confluent
behind, the remaining interspaces reddened; humeral region conspicuously light
yellow; lateral stripes outcurved to the margin, the ends slightly paler but not
opaque; scutal lobes black, the median region restrictedly yellow; scutellum
testaceous yellow, the parascutella a trifle darker; mediotergite yellow, very
weakly to scarcely darkened posteriorly; pleurotergite chiefly yellow, brightest
on the katapleurotergite. Pleura chiefly dark brown to brownish black, varie-
gated with obscure yellow on the dorsal sternopleurite and especially on the
mesepimeron; sternum blackened; dorsopleural membrane yellow. Halteres
infuscated, the base of stem narrowly reddened. Legs with the coxae brownish
black, the middle and hind pairs more reddened on outer face, especially
apically; trochanters yellow; fore femora black, the bases narrowly yellow,
remaining femora yellow, the tips narrowly black, involving the outer fourth or
less; tibiae brown, the tips narrowly black; tarsi black. Wings with a brownish
yellow tinge, the oval stigma darker brown; cell C virtually concolorous with the
remainder of ground, Sc a trifle darker; restricted obliterative areas before
stigma and across base of cell rst /,; veins brown. Stigmal trichia of male only
four to six in number, apparently lacking in female. Venation: Xs relatively long
and arcuated, nearly twice the basal section of R,4,; and not in alignment with
it; cell M, narrowly sessile to punctiform.

Abdominal tergites conspicuously patterned with yellow and black; tergite
one brownish black, the posterior border broadly yellow; tergites two to five
yellow, trivittate with black, the yellow most extensive on the second segment,
decreasing in amount outwardly, very restricted on tergite five; sternites and
outer segments, including hypopygium, black. In female, genital shield above
chiefly pale, the ventral parts black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 29) with the ninth
tergite, ¢, transverse, the posterior border with two low lobes that are separated
by a narrow median notch, the margins of lobes and a ventral flange, with
spiculae. Central region of ninth sternite tumid. Outer dististyle relatively short
and broad, only moderately attenuated, the length approximately four times
the greatest width. Inner dististyle, d, high, the dorsal crest conspicuous; beak
double; lower beak very extensive, blackened; no spinous development behind.
Phallosome, #, with the gonapophyses appearing as pale blades, the apices
slightly expanded, obtuse, the stems short; at base of each apophysis with a
strong straight spine. Eighth sternite, s, with posterior margin convexly rounded,
not emarginate or produced into a lobe, the median area paler, submembranous,
with very abundant setae.

TIPULIDAE 105

Holotype, 3, Mount Muhavura, Kigezi Province, south-western UGANDa«,
altitude 10,000-12,000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Para-
topotype, I 3. Four additional specimens in series.

In the striking pattern of the head, the present fly is close to Nephrotoma
twmidiverticalis Alexander, which differs as indicated in the key.

Tipula Linnaeus
Tipula Linnaeus; Syst. Nat., Ed. 10: 585; 1758.

Species of the genus 77fula are common and well-distributed throughout
tropical Africa, particularly in the hilly and mountainous sections. The majority
of such species fall in the subgenus Acutipula Alexander, which here reaches its
greatest development. In East and South Africa, members of the typical sub-
genus are not uncommon, but throughout most of South Africa representatives
of this genus are in the minority, being replaced in great part by abundant
species of the more primitive genus Longurio.

Key To TIPULA

1. Cell M, sessile; (squama naked, claws of male simple). (Subgenus A frotipula
Alexander) . : : : : 5 q : ; : 5 5
Cell M, petiolate : 2
2. Cell M, widened at base, m-cu fyine at or dlose to fork of M, nearly twice a as long
as the outer end of cell; (squama with setae). ieee Schummelia

Edwards) ; 6
Cell M7, not conspicuously evidenced at base, : m-Cu at fork of Mase or ¢ beyond on
base of M,. . : 3

3. Male hapten with the tergite and sternite separated by pale membrane;
(squama with or without setae; claws of male simple). (Subgenus

Oreomyza Pokorny) , 7
Male hypopygium with the sclerites fused into” a virsdally gontinuous ring;
squama with or without setae; claws of male simple or toothed) . : 4

4. Rs short, subequal to or shorter than m-cuw; squama with very small setae; cell
FR, usually very narrow, the inner end pointed; claws of male commonly
toothed (a few oe as cel alia (Subgenus Acutipula

Alexander) . 13
Fs long, exceeding m-cu; squama naked or wath a ssa few long setae; cell je
usually broader, its inner end less pointed; claws of male simple. (Sub-

genus Tipula Linnaeus) : ; : : : ‘ : 40
5. NATE of male short (about 4 mm. Ne wings feebly patterned with darker,
with no brown spot before stigma; abdomen brown, without distinct

pattern. (Kenya) . : : brachycera Riedel
Antennae of male longer (about 6 mm.); wines more evidently patterned,
including a linear darkened area in cell R, before stigma; abdomen
conspicuously patterned with brown and ove (Belgian Congo;

Uganda) ; : infracta Alexander
6. Mesonotum dark brown, with long setae on the interspaces; pleura yellow,
patterned with brown; wings slightly darkened, with conspicuous pale
obliterative areas; coxae and trochanters yellow; abdomen banded dark

brown and yellow. (Nigeria; Belgian Congo; Kenya) dolichopezoides Alexander

166

Il.

I2.

iy.

14.

15.

16.

17.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Mesonotum almost uniformly brown, the borders paler, surface with abundant
short setae; pleura brown, the dorsopleural membrane yellow; wings
strongly darkened, obliterative areas much reduced; coxae and tro-
chanters brown; abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites, with the
hypopygium, brownish yellow. (Uganda) . : d jacksoniana, sp. n.
Abdomen orange-yellow, with restricted brown rings on bases of segments three
to five, inclusive; no blackened subterminal ring on abdomen. (Kenya)
abeyvdareica, sp. 0.
Abdomen with basal segments yellow, the subterminal ones blackened to form

a ring, or else with the abdomen uniformly darkened : 8
Mesonotal praescutum and scutum black, without brightening; wings ath a

blackish tinge, only slightly patterned (nephrotomoides) c 9
Mesonotal praescutum not uniformly blackened; wings with the ground ‘colour

pale, more or less variegated with darker . 6 é : : : Io

Abdomen with basal two tergites orange. (Uganda)
nephvotomoides nephrotomoides Alexander
Abdomen with basal seven segments uniformly darkened. (Kenya)
nephrotomoides invariegata, ssp. n.
Mesonotal praescutum opaque light grey, with three brown stripes, interspaces
well defined, sides of praescutum grey; antennae of male unusually
short (less than 3-5 mm.). (Belgian Congo; Uganda) . hancochi, sp. n.
Mesonotal praescutum black, without separate stripes but with a conspicuous
lateral spot at or behind the pseudosutural fovea; antennae of male

longer (5 mm. or more) . II
Knobs of halteres black; male hypopyeium with the tergal spines slender:
(Uganda) : é caligo, sp. n.

Halteres with at least the knobs yellow; male hypopygium with the tergal
spines either very short and stout, toothlike (akeleyi) or unusually long
and slender (elgonensis) . 12
Knob of halteres yellow; male nepenyenien aa the tergal spines shore and
stout; wings heavily patterned with brown; antennae of male shorter
(about 5-5 mm.). (Belgian Congo) . : akeleyi, sp. n.
Halteres virtually all yellow; male hypopygium SH tergal spines very long
and slender; wings weakly patterned with darker; antennae of male
usually long (over 6 mm.). (Kenya) . elgonensis, sp. 0.
Legs chiefly brownish black, tibia with a Broad ararteh mie beyond base;
(coloration yellow, conspicuously patterned with black, giving the
appearance of a large Nephrvotoma). (Nyasaland) c milanjii Alexander
Legs without a whitened ring on tibia 5 14
Wings conspicuously dimidiate, the basal half whitened, mae and ists oaies
half abruptly blackened; (thorax uniformly black). (French Congo)
ellenbevgevi Alexander

Wings not dimidiate : 15

Wings faintly infuscated, slightly clouded and patterned aki darker: knobs of
halteres light yellow : 16

Wings not clouded with darker; if patterned, the dark colour appearing as
seams over the cord and vein Cu; halteres darkened 17

Head brown; Fs shorter than R,,,; (male hypopygium with the tergal border
produced into four lobes, the intermediate pair long and narrow,
separated by a very deep notch). (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia)

silinda Alexander

Head reddish brown; Fs longer than R,,,. (Kenya) . . masai Alexander
Thoracic dorsum pale, conspicuously patterned with dark brown or black, or
-with the mesonotum uniformly darkened . - 18

Thorax yellow or pale brown, the praescutum without Glearly indicated Bees:
stripes : : : c : é fs é é 36

18.

19.

20.

22.

23

24.

25.

26.

if

28.

30.

TIPULIDAE 167

Praescutum uniformly darkened or essentially so I
Praescutum pale, with darkened stripes . 22
Praescutum black, with four brownish grey stripes; male hypopygium with the
outer dististyle distinctly bilobed. (Uganda) 4 . schizostyla, sp. n.
Praescutum brownish black or black; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle
simple . : : : : : : : c : 20
Antennae of male very long (10 mm.), fully one-half as long as wing; mediotergite

dull fulvous, margined with dark brown; (male hypopygium with the
tergal lobe terminating in two divergent lobules). (Cameroons) oryv Alexander
Antennae of male shorter, less than one-half the wing; mediotergite either
velvety black (neavez) or black with a vague obscure yellow central area
(vanstraelent) 2
Praescutum deep velvety black, awn bordered in front ‘with pale yellow;
pleura black, with a large yellow area surrounding the base of halteres.
(Uganda) : neaver Alexander
Praescutum brownish black, scutellum abruptly yellow; pleura dark, with a
large yellow area on the ventral sternopleurite. (Belgian Congo)
vanstraelent Alexander
Praescutal stripes solidly darkened, in cases broad, restricting the pale inter-

spaces . : : : : 23
Praescutal stripes pale Brown, delimited by darker borders : : : i 30
Frontal prolongation of head dark brown or black : : c : 24
Frontal prolongation obscure yellow, in cases patterned with darker : 27

Head behind dark brown, prolongation slightly reddened on sides; (male hypo:
pygium with the tergal lobe, ans 41, broad, the apex obtuse, spiculose).

(Belgian Congo) : : : langi langi Alexander
Head more reddened : : - : é : 25
Scutellum yellow. (Belgian Congo) ‘ ‘ ‘ : langi rubricapilla Alexander
Scutellum black (vuwenzori) : : 26

Head orange-red; praescutum yellow, with three broad ‘black stripes that leave
narrow interspaces; pleura entirely dark brown; (male hypopygium with
the tergite produced into two spiculose lobes). (Uganda; Kenya)
yuwenzori ruwenzort Alexander
Head orange, with a brown orbital spot on either side; praescutum almost
entirely black, the interspaces greatly reduced or obliterated; pleura
dark, with a yellowed spot on the dorsal sternopleurite. (Uganda)
yuwenzori ankolensis Alexander
Praescutum with three dark stripes. é 3 : 5 : : : 28
Praescutum with four dark stripes. : 29
Postnotum entirely yellow; head orange- -yellow: “wings greyish yellow; “(male
hypopygium with the tergite, Fig. 40, produced into two low lobes, their

tips with abundant spicules). (Kenya; Tanganyika) . . kenia Alexander
Postnotum yellow, the mediotergite with a dark band; head brownish yellow;
wings hyaline. (Kenya) . : kinangopensis (Riedel)

Size large (wing, male, over 25 mm.); Gone prolongation light orange; pleura
yellow; halteres dark brown; wings strongly tinged with brown, cell Sc
dark brown; (male hypopygium with the tergal lobe, Fig. 42, relatively
broad, the apex with a small notch, lobules small). (Sierra Leone)
leonensis Alexander
Size medium (wing, male, under 20 mm.); frontal prolongation orange-yellow,
darker on sides; pleura yellow, weakly patterned with darker; halteres
brown, apex of knob paler; wings greyish yellow, cell Sc a little darker;
(male hypopygium with the tergite produced medially into a long lobe,
its tip obtusely rounded). (Belgian Congo: panes) sjostedt1 Alexander
Pleura yellow, patterned with brown : , : : : : 31
Pleura yellow or orange-yellow, unpatterned F : : s : : 32

168

31.

32.

33-

34-

35:

30.

38.

39.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Size small (wing, male, 17 mm.); frontal prolongation orange; praescutum
yellow, with four dark brown stripes; abdominal tergites brownish
yellow, the lateral margins dark brown; (male hypopygium with the
tergite, Fig. 43, short, posterior border with two widely separated rounded
protuberances). (Sierra Leone) : meliuscula Alexander

Size large (wing, male, about 22 mm.); frontal prolongation fulvous, the sides
darkened; praescutum black, with four brownish grey stripes, the lateral
borders yellow; abdominal tergites brown with three broad darker brown
stripes; (male hypopygium with the posterior border of tergite produced
into a narrow central plate, its apex seeming notched). (Belgian Congo:
Urundi) ; . wurvundiana Alexander

Size relatively small (wing, ‘male, under 18 mm.); no dark spot on lateral border
of praescutum; (male hypopygium with the tergite terminating in two

obtuse lobes, their tips spiculose). (Kenya) . : b chaniae, sp. n.
Size larger (wing, male, over 20 ies a circular brown spot on lateral border
of praescutum ; : : 2 i 5 ‘ 3 33

Size medium (wing, male, aout 22 mm.); praescutum with three dark stripes;
(male hypopygium with the tergal lobe, Fig. 37, short and broad, its

apex very shallowly emarginate). (Uganda) : : elliott Alexander
Size larger (wing, male, 25 mm. or more); onarta is with four dark stripes
(three in alphaspis nyasea) é ; ; . : : : 34

Size very large (wing of male over 28 mm.); ' (@male hypopygium with the tergal

lobe, Fig. 39, terminating in two blackened slightly decurved blades,

separated by a TP were notch). (Southern Nigeria; French

Congo) . : gaboonensis Alexander
Size large (wing, male, 25 mm. or ieee) (Giphashisy A 35
Praescutum yellowish brown with four darker brown stripes; scutellam bona

with a yellow central line; (male hypopygium, Figs. 33-35, with the tergal

lobe very narrow, its tip shallowly notched; crest of inner dististyle with

numerous short blackened spicules). (Tanganyika)

; alphaspis alphaspis Speiser

Praescutum light yellow, with three greyish brown stripes; scutellum yellow.

(Nyasaland) . ; : . alphaspis nyasae Alexander
Praescutum yellowed, unpatterned except for a circular-dark spot on border;

(male hypopygium with tergal lobe, Fig. 46, very broad, posterior border

shallowly emarginate). (Uganda) é = : victoria Alexander
Praescutum without a darkened spot on border : : ; F : 3H
Abdomen pale, with a blackened subterminal ring é : : : : 38
Abdomen without a blackened subterminal ring . é E 39

Size small (wing, male, 15-5 mm.); dark abdominal ring broad, involving seg-
ments seven and eight and most of six; male hypopygium with the notch
of tergal lobe, Fig. 38, deep, lobules relatively long. (Dahomey)
; dahomiensis Alexander
Size larger (wing, male, 19 mm.); dark abdominal ring narrow, including seg-
ment seven and basal half of eight; male hypopygium with the notch of
tergal lobe, Fig. 44, very shallow, lobules short. (Nyasaland)
milanjensis Alexander
Antennae of male long, about one-half the body (7 mm.); praescutum reddish
brown; wings weakly infuscated, stigma pale brown, inconspicuous;
male hypopygium with the tergal lobe eens in two divergent
lobules. (Cameroons) ‘ : auspicis Alexander
Antennae of male shorter, about one- third the body (5 mm.); praescutum light
brown, the surface with dense short setae; wings pale grey, stigma and
a seam over the anterior cord brown; male hypopygium with the tergal
lobe relatively narrow, notched at tip, the lobules slender, not diverging.
(Cameroons) . : : 2 : F . camerounensis Alexander

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45:

TIPULIDAE 169

Antennae of male very long, if bent backward extending about to the sixth

abdominal segment : 4I
Antennae of male of moderate length, if bent backward not extending beyond
base of abdomen . 42

Larger (male, length 15 mm.); males fully-winged, females aah wines reduced
to stubs that are shorter than the halteres; antennal flagellum blackish
brown; wings smoky brown, patterned with darker on Cu and m-cu.
(Tanganyika: Kilimandjaro) . : capnioneura Speiser
Smaller (male, length 11-13 mm.); males piles Peed females unknown;
antennal flagellum yellowed; wings slightly greyish, patterned with

darker on Cw and m-cu. (Tanganyika: Kilimandjaro) eumecacera Speiser
Fully-winged, at least in male . : : ; : : ; : : 43
Both males and females subapterous . : : : : : : 45

Antenna of male relatively long (5 mm. or more), about one-third the body;
flagellar segments bicolored, pale brown, the basal enlargements darker
brown; (male hypopygium with the outer arm of the outer basal lobe of
inner dististyle stout; outer dististyle eg ced narrowed at apex).

(Belgian Congo: Kivu; Uganda) : speiseriana Alexander
Antenna of male shorter PPE 4 mm. or Tess); flagellum not or
scarcely bicoloured ; 44

Male hypopygium with the inner arm of the outer pagal lobe of the inner
dististyle flattened, more or less pincerlike. (Kenya, southward to
South Africa) : , sovoy Wiedemann

Male hypopygium with the inner arm of the outer basal lobe of the inner
dististyle narrowed to a simple point. (Kenya: Mount Elgon) — /obeliae, sp. n.

Antenna of male longer (about 4 mm.); flagellum dark brown; male hypo-
pygium with the inner arm of the outer basal lobe of the inner dististyle
forked, pincerlike. (Tanganyika: Kilimandjaro) 4 subapteva Freeman

Antenna of male shorter (about 3:5 mm.) ; flagellum weakly bicoloured, brownish
yellow, the basal enlargements darker; male hypopygium with the inner
arm of the outer basal lobe of inner dististyle simple. (Kenya: Mount
Elgon) . é P é : : é : : : lobeliae, sp. n.

Species omitted from above key because of insufficient data; probable subgeneric

position indicated.

Tipula asbolodes Speiser — Tanganyika — Ovreomyza
bicolor Loew — Ethiopia — Tipula
cinnamomea Riedel —-» Kenya (coastal) — Acutipula
imperfecta Riedel — Kenya — Oveomyza
inventa Walker — Sierra Leone — Acutipula
vothschildi Alexander — Ethiopia — Tipula
velutina Walker — Sierra Leone — Acutipula

Subgenus Acutipula Alexander

As a further aid in separating the numerous species the accompanying list of species

groups is provided.

1G

Tipula jocosa and allies.
Wings with a variegated pattern; knobs of halteres yellowed.

Tipula jocosa Alexander
masai Alexander
stlinda Alexander

170 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

2. Tipula pomposa and allies.
Male hypopygium with the tergite produced into a slender median lobe, its tip more
or less deeply notched, the small lobules spiculose.
Tipula alphaspis Speiser
a. nyasae Alexander
gaboonensis Alexander
leonensis Alexander
pomposa Bergroth
schizostyla, sp. n.
3. Tipula meliscula and allies.
Male hypopygium with the tergite produced into a single broad median lobe or blade,
its apex shallowly emarginate to produce two widely separated lobules.

Tipula ellioti Alexander
meliuscula Alexander
victoria Alexander
4. Tipula ruwenzori and allies.
Male hypopygium with the tergite terminating in two obtuse spiculose lobules that are
separated by a narrow rounded or V-shaped median notch.
Tipula chaniae, sp. n.
kenia Alexander
vyuwenzort Alexander
vy. ankolensis Alexander
5. Lipula langi and allies.
Male hypopygium with the tergite produced into a single median lobe, its tip entire,
spiculose.

Tipula langi lang: Alexander
l. vubrvicapilla Alexander
sjéstedti Alexander

6. Tipula zambeziensis and allies.

Male hypopygium with the tergite produced into two flattened, slightly divergent pale
lobules, without spicules. :

Tipula auspicis Alexander
dahomiensis Alexander
hova Alexander
oryx Alexander
zambeziensis Alexander

7. Like preceding group but the tergal lobules or blades more vertical in position.

Tipula camerounensis Alexander
milanjensis Alexander

FIELD NOTES BY EDWARDS ON THE GENUS TIPULA

“Tipula soror group. When collecting I imagined I had one or more distinct
species from each mountain, but on looking over the materials I concluded that
they are nearly all the same and are doubtless some species you have named.
The long series of males we got in various mountain groups belongs to a species
close to soror but with rather different hypopygium (spezseriana). On Elgon, in
addition to the larger typical specimens of this species there were smaller speci-
mens which look as if they may be distinct (lobeliae, sp. n.); some of these are

DIPULIDAE I7I

brachypterous but seem to have exactly the same hypopygium as the long-winged
ones and were taken under exactly the same conditions, so it seems likely they
are conspecific, especially as there is one specimen of intermediate wing-develop-
ment. On the Aberdares, we succeeded in finding only a single female Tzpula,
which was brachypterous; we assumed at the time that it belonged to the soror-
like males taken at the same spot, and I still believe this, although the specimen
has a uniformly yellowish thorax (possibly due to immaturity). All other females
of this group found in other localities were fully winged.’’—Fred W. Edwards.

Tipula (Afrotipula) brachycera Riedel
Tipula brachycerva Riedel; Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afrique Orientale (1911-1912),
Ins. Dipt., 111, Nematocera polyneura, pp. 92-93; 1914.
UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935, I 2 (Edwards). Associated with next species.

Tipula (Afrotipula) infracta Alexander

Tipula (Afrotipula) infracta Alexander; Faune Entomol. Ruanda-Urundi (Mission
Basilewasky 1953), xxvu1, Diptera Ptychopteridae et Tipulidae, pp. 273-275; 1955.

Part of type material: Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft.,
December 4, 1934, mostly taken in house at light, no females seen (Edwards).
Additional males in collection. The remaining types were from the Belgian
Congo (Ruanda).

The subgenus A/frotipula Alexander was proposed for this species, with the
following characters:

Frontal prolongation of head short and stout ; nasus short. Tibial spur formula
I—1—; claws (male) simple. Wings without squamal setae; veins beyond cord
with abundant trichia. Venation; Cell M, sessile; M@,,, long, more than twice
7-m; m-cu, basal section of Ms, and m in oblique alignment. Male hypopygium
small; tergite, sternite and basistyle fused into a continuous ring (as in subgenera
Acutipula and Tipula); outer dististyle conspicuously bifid. Ovipositor with
cerci long and slender, straight; hypovalvae short, compressed-flattened, the
tips obtusely rounded.

Tipula (Tipula) lobeliae sp.n. (Fig. 32)

Belongs to the oleracea group; general coloration of mesonotum light grey
with four feebly indicated darker brown stripes; antennae unusually short,
proximal three segments yellow, succeeding ones more bicoloured ; fully-winged
to nearly apterous in both sexes at high altitudes; inner dististyle of male hypo-
pygium with the inner arm of outer basal lobe simple.

Male.—Length about 13-15 mm.; wing (fully-winged, 15-16 mm., brachy-
pterous, 1-5 mm.); antenna about 3-I-3°5 mm.

172 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Holotype (brachypterous male). Frontal prolongation of head reddish brown,
nasus very long and slender; palpi darker brown. Antennae short, representing
the minimum length for regional members of the subgenus; basal three segments
obscure yellow, the succeeding ones more bicoloured, brownish yellow to yellowish
brown, with the enlargements a little darker ; longest verticils a trifle less than the
segments. Head brownish grey, vaguely patterned with darker brown, including
a central vitta and larger areas on sides of posterior vertex, the latter not reach-
ing the eye.

Pronotum light brown, scutellum more whitened. Mesonotal praescutum
light grey, with four feebly indicated darker brown stripes, the intermediate pair
separated by a capillary ground line; scutal lobes vaguely patterned with brown;
mediotergite light grey, with a narrow dark brown central vitta. Pleura weakly
infuscated on anterior half, the mesepimeron, metapleura and pleurotergite more
whitened. Halteres with stem light brown, knob dark brown. Legs with the
coxae pale brown, the middle and posterior pairs light grey pruinose ; trochanters
pale; femora brownish yellow, vaguely darker outwardly; tibiae and tarsi light
brown; claws simple. Wings very reduced, brachypterous, about two-thirds as
long as the halteres, the venation entirely distorted.

Abdomen light brown, the tergites with three relatively distinct darker brown
stripes that are interrupted by the narrow pale posterior borders of the segments ;
in cases, the stripes darker and more evident; sternites light brown, with a broad
darker brown central stripe ; hypopygium chiefly pale brown. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 32) with the tergal lobes, ¢, low and broad, separated by a small V-shaped
emargination, set with abundant black spicules. Outer dististyle broad, the
narrowed apical point short. Inner dististyle, d, with the beak high, its lower
margin narrowly blackened; outer crest nearly glabrous, with about three small
setae ; lower beak with the apex subtruncate; outer basal lobe represented by a
slender outer spine and an inner arm that terminates in a simple rod that
narrows to a small blackened point.

The fully-winged paratypes have the wing pattern much as in sfevseriana,
chiefly pale brown, with conspicuous whitened longitudinal stripes, the larger
one in the radial field, extending virtually the whole length of the wing, reaching
the apex in cell R;; a second narrower white line in cells Cu and Ist A. The
stenopterous paratype has the wings of full length, or virtually so, but con-
spicuously narrowed, with the venation correspondingly modified. Correlated
with the reduction in size of wings are the usual ones of flattening of the meso-
notum and shortening of the legs.

Holotype, brachypterous g, Mount Elgon, Aberdare Range, KENYA, on
Lobelia elgonensis leaf, alpine zone, 13,000 ft. February 1935 (Edwards).
Paratopotypes, 1 brachypterous 3, Mount Elgon, on Lobelia aberdarica
leaf, heath zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., February 1935; I stenopterous 3, 1 fully-
winged ¢g, on Lobelia aberdarica leaf, associated with the brachypterous

LIPULIDAE 73

paratype; 1 brachypterous ¢ with the holotype (Edwards). Others in col-
lection.

The field notes by Edwards, as given on a preceding page, should be con-
sulted. This fly is sufficiently well distinguished from other regional members of
the oleracea group by the unusually short antennae and the details of structure of
the male hypopygium, notably the simple inner arm of the outer basal lobe of the
inner dististyle. The specific name is suggested by the association of the species
with the tree lobelias of the high mountains of eastern Africa,

The terminology of the various lobes and spines of the inner dististyle
corresponds to my previous usage. I consider the lower beak of the style to be
what was termed the “larger hook, LH”’ by Wood, 1952, and believe that the
outer basal lobe of the genus 77pula here is bifid, with an outer curved arm or
spine (H, of Wood) and an inner arm (B, Wood) that provides strong specific
characters in the group. It may be noted that the usual compact group of sensory
pegs is borne on the inner arm, confirming these homologies. A comparable
condition obtains in the subgenus 77pulodina Enderlein and in some few species
of the subgenus Lunatipula Edwards (for discussion of this, consult Alexander,
Rec. Indian Mus., 50: 340 ; 1952).

Tipula (Tipula) speiseriana Alexander
Tipula speiseriana Alexander; Rept. Harvard Afr. Exped., 2: 1004-1005; 1930.

KenyA: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 8000—10,000 ft., October 1934
(Edwards). Nyeri Track, 10,500 ft., October 1934 (Edwards). UGANDA:
Birunga, February 1933 (G. L. Rk. Hancock); Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori
Range, 8300-10,200 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards); Mount
Mgahinga, Kigezi Province, 10,000-11,000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards).
Other specimens in collection. Edwards indicates that a specimen not seen by
me was a brachypterous female of this species. The types were from Kivu,
Belgian Congo, taken by Joseph Bequaert.

The field notes concerning this species and T7pula (Tipula) lobeliae, sp. n.,
have been given on a preceding page.

Tipula (Acutipula) alphaspis Spieser (Fig. 35)
Tipula alphaspis Speiser; Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., Diptera, 4, Orthorapha Nema-
tocera, p. 60; 1909.

UGANDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., 5 3, 2 2; Namwamba
Valley, 6500 ft., 3 3, 3 2; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards); Nyamgasani Valley, 8000-gooo ft., 1 g (Buxton). Kalinzu
Forest, south-west Uganda, January 1935, I d (Jackson). Other specimens in
collection.

174 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Fics. 32-36.—Tipula subg. Tipula and Acutipula, male hypopygia. (32) T. lobeliae; (33),
(34), (35) LT. alphaspis; (36) T. chaniae. d, dististyle; ¢, tergite.

TIPULIDAE 175

Tipula (Acutipula) chaniae sp. n. (Fig. 36)

Size medium (wing, male, 16-5 mm.) ; general coloration of head and thorax
clear light yellow, variegated only by four reddish brown praescutal stripes and
similar areas on scutal lobes; halteres blackened; fore and middle femora
blackened, the bases narrowly obscure yellow, posterior femora brownish yellow,
the tips narrowly blackened, remainder of legs dark brown to black; wings
yellowish brown, cell Sc and stigma medium brown; Ks nearly straight, subequal
to R,,3; abdomen yellow, the tergal borders of the more proxima lsegments
narrowly blackened; a broad black subterminal ring, hypopygium yellow; male
hypopygium with the tergal border produced into two broad lobes that are pro-
vided with blackened spiculose points; outer dististyle pale, about three times as
long as the greatest width.

Male.—Length about 16 mm.; wing 16-5 mm.; antenna about 4:2 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head entirely light yellow, relatively long, nearly
equal to remainder of head; nasus long and conspicuous, with dark setae; palpi
brown, the base of third segment restrictedly pale. Antennae short; scape and
pedicel light yellow, first flagellar segment brown, remaining segments black;
verticils a little shorter than the segments. Head uniformly light yellow.

Pronotum clear yellow. Mesonotum light yellow, the praescutum with four
reddish brown stripes that are vaguely bordered by slightly darker brown; each
scutal lobe with two nearly confluent similar brown areas. Pleura uniformly
clear yellow; dorsopleural membrane slightly paler yellow. Halteres blackened,
base of stem narrowly yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters light yellow;
fore and middle femora blackened, the bases narrowly obscure yellow, including
about the proximal fifth; hind femora yellow basally, passing into brownish
yellow, the tips narrowly blackened, involving about the distal ninth; remainder
of legs dark brown to black. Wings with a yellowish brown suffusion, cell Sc
and stigma medium brown, the latter inconspicuous; veins darker brown. Vena-
tion: Rs nearly straight, subequal to R,,5; cell FR, relatively large and broad;
R, about one-fifth longer than R,,3; second section of M,,, arcuated; petiole
of cell M, slightly longer than m.

Abdomen yellow, the lateral borders of tergites narrowly brownish black, on
segments two to four, the posterior borders similarly coloured; sternites obscure
yellow, the median area and posterior margins a trifle more reddened; fifth and
succeeding segments blackened, the fifth vaguely patterned with obscure yellow ;
hypopygium light yellow, contrasting with the blackened ring. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 36) with the tergal border, ¢, broad, conspicuously bilobed by a rounded
notch; each lobe relatively wide, the apex obliquely truncate and provided with
small spicules. Outer dististyle a long pale blade, the apex obtuse, the length
about three times the greatest width. Inner dististyle, d, complex but not heavily
blackened; apical beak narrower and longer than the outer flattened apical lobe

176 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

or blade; lower beak a long-triangular blade, its apex narrowly obtuse. Gonapo-
physes very weak and reduced.

Holotype, 3, Chania Falls, Aberdare Range, KENYA, altitude 4000 ft., late
October, 1934 (Edwards). One further specimen in collection. Edwards notes
“near falls in rank vegetation”’.

Most similar to species such as T7pula (Acutipula) kenia Alexander and T.
(A.) ruwenzori Alexander, differing in the coloration of the body and details of
structure of the male hypopygium.

Tipula (Acutipula) neavei Alexander

Tipula neavei Alexander; Can. Ent., 52: 158-159; 1920.

South-west UGANDA: Kalinzu Forest, January 1935 (Jackson).

Tipula (Acutipula) ruwenzori Alexander

Tipula vuwenzovi Alexander; Can. Ent., 52: 159-160; 1920.
T. ruwenzori ankolensis Alexander; Ibid., 52 : 160; 1920.

Ucanba: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 6500-13,000 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards). A total of 48 specimens was taken by Edwards,
of which 8 were sent to me for study. ;

Remarkably variable in coloration of the thorax and abdomen, from almost
uniformly brownish black to conspicuously variegated with yellow, especially
on the abdomen. All specimens have the head and its frontal prolongation
yellow but, in cases, the latter has a narrow dark middorsal stripe that includes
the nasus. In the darkest individuals, the thorax is almost uniformly brownish
black, with only the lateral praescutal and scutal borders vaguely brownish
yellow, the praescutum with a blackened spot behind the humeri. Abdomen
black, with only the dististyles obscure yellow.

On the opposite extreme, the thoracic dorsum extensively yellow, the prae-
scutum with three narrowly separated brownish black stripes; scutal lobes
heavily patterned, pleura conspicuously variegated brown and yellow. Abdomen
with basal two segments chiefly darkened, the intermediate ones yellow, restric-
tedly patterned with black; segments five to seven black, forming a broad ring;
hypopygium brownish yellow. The scutellum, postnotum, fore coxae, dorsal
sternopleurite, and most of pteropleurite clear yellow.

From his field experience, Edwards believed that all of these specimens
pertained to a single unusually variable member of the subgenus and there
seems no slightest reason to question this. He further indicates that this is a
forest-inhabiting species, like most others in the subgenus Acutipula.

TIPULIDAE 77

Fics. 37—-42.—Tipula (Acutipula) spp., tergites of male hypopygia. (37) T. ellioti; (38) T.
dahomiensis; (39) T. gaboonensis; (40) T. kenia; (41) T. langi; (42) T. leonensis.

Tipula (Acutipula) schizostyla sp. n. (Fig. 45)

Size large (wing, male, 22 mm.); general coloration of mesonotum black, the
praescutum with four more brownish grey stripes; frontal prolongation of head
black; thoracic pleura obscure orange, the dorsal sclerites with a continuous
blackened longitudinal stripe that extends from the cervical region to the base of
abdomen, being separated from the dark colour of the mesonotum by a yellow
longitudinal stripe that extends from the pronotum to the base of abdomen;
abdominal tergites black, very restrictedly patterned with yellow; male

178 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

hypopygium with a the ninth tergite produced into a narrow median lobe, the
apex spiculose ; outer dististyle deeply bilobed.

Male.—Length about 20 mm.; wing 22 mm.; antenna about 4-2 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head, including the long nasus, black; palpi black,
the terminal segment a trifle paler. Antennae with scape and pedicel obscure
yellow, flagellum brownish black; verticils very long and conspicuous. Head
obscure fulvous, the sides of the posterior vertex more infuscated ; front testaceous
yellow, contrasting with the blackened prolongation.

Pronotal scutum obscure orange above, blackened on sides, scutellum and
pretergites light sulphur yellow. Mesonotal praescutum with the ground colour
black, with four more brownish grey stripes that are inconspicuous against the
ground; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly dark brown, central region of scutum
and parascutella a little more brightened ; mediotergite extensively blackened on
central part, bordered laterally and behind by yellow; pleurotergite above
similarly light yellow, the katapleurotergite blackened. Pleura ventrally obscure
orange or fulvous, the dorsal edge with a continuous blackened longitudinal
stripe that has been described in part, extending from the cervical region to the
base of abdomen, passing beneath the wing root and including most of the
dorsopleural membrane, the stripe separated from the darkened mesonotum by
a yellow stripe that extends from the pronotum across the wing base and post-
notum to the abdomen. Halteres blackened. Legs with all coxae and trochanters
orange fulvous; femora brownish yellow, the tips rather broadly blackened, the
amount subequal on all legs, involving about the outer eighth of segment;
tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow, the tips of the former narrowly more infuscated.
Wings with the ground brownish grey, restrictedly patterned with darker brown
and whitish subhyaline, the former including cells C and Sc, stigma, bases of
outer radial cells adjoining the anterior cord and more broadly over m-cu; the
subhyaline pattern includes the relatively broad obliterative band at and before
the cord, a broad seam in cells M and Cu adjoining vein Cu, and the bases of the
Anal cells; veins brown. Venation: Rs straight, about one-third longer than
R,,3 and slightly shorter than m-cuw; petiole of cell M, longer than m. :

Abdominal tergites black, with a small transverse yellow line at near mid-
length of tergite two and similar lines near bases of tergites three to five, inclusive ;
proximal five sternites yellow; outer segments uniformly blackened, only the
styli yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 45) with the posterior border of tergite,
t, produced into a slender median lobe, the apex weakly notched, surface at and
near tip with several spicules. Outer dististyle, d, distinctive, appearing as a
large pale plate that is deeply bilobed. Inner dististyle about as figured; beak
very obtuse but pale, its outer margin with a fringe of long angularly bent
setae; posterior crest with an even heavier concentration of long reddish setae.

Holotype, 3, Kalinzu Forest, south-western UGANDA, January 25, 1935
(7. H. E. Jackson). Three additional specimens in series.

TIPULIDAE 179

46 } 47

Fics. 43-47.—Tipula (Acutipula) spp., male hypopygia. (43) T. meliuscula, tergite;
(44) T. milanjensis, tergite; (45) T. schizostyla; (46) T. victoria, tergite; (47) T. zambeziensis,
tergite. d, dististyle; ¢, tergite.

This conspicuous fly is readily told from other large-sized members of the
subgenus by the distinctive coloration of the body and, especially, by the struc-
ture of the male hypopygium, particularly the outer dististyle. This latter
feature suggests the condition found in species of the subgenus A frot¢pula
Alexander but the present fly seems correctly referred to Acutipula.

Tipula (Acutipula) silinda Alexander
Tipula silinda Alexander; Can. Ent., 52: 148-149; 1920.
UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, altitude 6500 ft., January

1935 (Edwards). Homotypes, compared with the type in British Museum by
Edwards.

180 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Tipula (Acutipula) sjéstedti Alexander
Tipula (Acutipula) sjéstedti Alexander; Arkiv fér Zoologi, 16, no. 18: 12-14, Fig. 2;
1924.

UGANDA: Kararama Camp, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, in
bamboo zone, January 5, 1935, I ¢ (Edwards).

Agrees closely with type except in certain details. Size larger (wing, male,
22mm.). Mesonotal mediotergite only faintly patterned with very pale reddish.
Male hypopygium with the median lobe of the tergite appearing more truncated
at apex but this appearance may be due to mounting on a slide. The type was
from Mount Sabinio, in the Birunga Range.

Tipula (Schummelia) jacksoniana sp. n. (Fig. 53)

General coloration of entire body medium to dark brown; antennae (male)
elongate, approximately one-half the body, flagellum weakly bicoloured;
mesonotum with abundant short setae, thoracic pleura glabrous; halteres and legs
brownish black; claws simple; wings with a strong blackish suffusion, the costal
border and stigma darker; As about three-fourths as long as m-cu, cell M, nearly
three times as long as its petiole, m-cu at fork of M; male hypopygium with the
tergite produced medially into a compressed hoodshaped blade, its apex broadly
obtuse to subtruncate ; outer dististyle broad, pale.

Male.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 13 mm.; antenna about 6-2 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head short, obscure yellow, darker beneath; nasus
lacking or represented by a concentration of black setae; palpi dark brown.
Antennae (male) elongate, about half the length of body; scape and pedicel
testaceous yellow, flagellum weakly bicoloured, obscure brownish yellow, with
dark brown or brownish black basal enlargements, the outer segments more
uniformly darkened; flagellar segments long-cylindrical, the basal swellings
small, oval, with long verticils that are about three-fifths as long as the inter-
mediate segments. Head in front light yellow, on vertex brown, the anterior
orbits somewhat more darkened; vertical tubercle lacking or very reduced;
anterior vertex about three times the diameter of scape.

Prothorax brown. Mesonotum almost uniformly brown, the margins of the
praescutum slightly paler; virtually the entire notum is provided with abundant
short setae, lacking on sides of praescutum. Pleura brown, glabrous; dorso-
pleural membrane obscure brownish yellow. Halteres brownish black, the base
of stem narrowly yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters brown; remainder
of legs uniformly brownish black; claws small but very slender, strongly curved,
simple. Wings with a strong blackish suffusion, the prearcular and costal fields,
with the stigma, still darker; obliterative area at cord very restricted, indicated
by the paling of the otherwise brownish black veins. Stigma and cells glabrous ;
squama with four or five long black setae. Venation: Sc, ending about opposite

TIPULIDAE I8I

two-fifths the length of the short Rs, the latter about three-fourths as long as
m-cu; Ry, preserved; cell M, nearly three times its petiole; cell rst M, irregu-
larly pentagonal, narrowed outwardly, m being the shortest element; m-cu at
fork of 7; cell M, widest at base, as in the subgenus; cell 2ud A broad.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites paler, obscure yellowish brown;
hypopygium obscure brownish yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 53) with the
tergite, ¢, produced medially into a compressed hood-shaped blade, the apex
broadly obtuse to subtruncate, microscopically roughened but pale. Apex of
basistyle, 6, produced into a short compressed blade, provided with a few very
long stout setae. Outer dististyle, d, broadly flattened, pale, with conspicuous
setae, those of outer margin unusually long and strongly curved. Inner dististyle
relatively simple, the projecting beak bearing a low triangular blackened flange
on its face; outer basal lobe produced directly backward as a stout flattened
blade; dorsal part of style with strong pale setae. Phallosome, #, with the
gonapophyses subtending the aedeagus, their tips dilated into a subtriangular
pale head; aedeagus produced into a stout spine. Eighth sternite unarmed.

Holotype, 3, Kalinzu Forest, south-western UGANDA, January 25, 1935
(I. H. E. Jackson).

Iam very pleased to dedicate this distinct fly to the collector who secured
rather numerous Tipulidae in Uganda, particularly in the Kalinzu Forest. In its
general appearance the fly strongly suggests some of the species herein placed in
the subgenus Oveomvza, such as Tipula nephrotomordes, discussed hereinafter.
The only other Ethiopian member of the subgenus Schummelia Edwards so far
discovered is the very distinct T. (S.) dolichopezoides Alexander, which is readily
told from the present fly by the characters given in the key.

Tipula (Oreomyza) aberdareica sp. n. (Fig. 48)

General coloration of thorax yellowish grey, the praescutum with three dark
brown stripes; abdomen orange, scarcely patterned with darker.

Male.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 14 mm.; antenna about 5-3 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head brown, more or less pruinose above; palpi dark
brown. Antennae (male) relatively long, exceeding one-third the length of
wing; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum uniformly black; flagellar segments
rather strongly incised, the basal swellings correspondingly developed; verticils
short, those of the intermediate segments scarcely one-fifth the segment. Head
above clear light grey, the simple vertical tubercle more yellowed.

Pronotum light yellow, slightly more patterned on sides. Mesonotal prae-
scutum pale yellowish grey, with three entirely separate and distinct dark brown
stripes ; scutum similarly yellowish grey, each lobe with a triangular brown area ;
scutellum and mediotergite clear yellow, the latter with the posterior fourth more
darkened; pleurotergite more or less infuscated, the katapleurotergite more

182 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

reddened and silvery pruinose. Pleura chiefly pruinose, the ventral sternopleurite
and meron conspicuously dark brown; a smaller brown spot on cephalic part of
anepisternum. Halteres infuscated. Legs with the coxae weakly infuscated,
sparsely pruinose; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs black. Wings greyish
subhyaline, restrictedly patterned with brown, best-indicated as seams over the
cord and some of the outer veins; stigma and cell Sc dark brown, cell C paler
brown ; more or less distinct darkenings at near midlength of cell Cu and in outer
radial field; veins dark brown. Venation: Rs about twice m-cu; cell rst My
relatively small.

Abdomen orange, segments three to five with a narrow and inconspicuous
brown basal ring; hypopygium yellow; no subterminal blackened ring, as in all
other known regional members of the group. Male hypopygium (Fig. 48) with
the tergite, t, very shallowly emarginate, the notch sinuous or bow-shaped in
outline; blackened areas of the tergal lobes very broad and obtuse, not or
scarcely produced into a spine or spinous point, as in other regional species.
Outer dististyle, d, relatively broad, the apex obliquely obtuse. Inner dististyle
with the beak a relatively slender point.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENYA, altitude 10,000 ft.,
October 1934 (Edwards).

The present fly differs conspicuously from the other eee forms in the
characters given in the diagnosis and key. In the opaque mesonotum, with
distinctly separated praescutal stripes, it somewhat suggests T7pula (Oreomyza)
hancocki, sp. n., but is entirely distinct.

Both Edwards and I believed that the present group of flies fell properly in
the limits of the subgenus Oveomyza Pokorny, and were probably closest to
members of the so-called marmorata (fragilis) group, common and widespread
throughout the Holarctic Region. Probably the most distinctive feature of the
male hypopygium is the small fleshy setiferous gonapophyses. All species centre
about the first described form, 7. (O.) nephrotomoides Alexander. There are now
known a rather large number of forms and probably others will be discovered on
the higher mountains of East Africa. Besides those treated herewith, it is
probable that 7. asbolodes Speiser (Tanganyika: Kilimandjaro; males fully-
winged, females with wings rudimentary) and T. imperfecta Riedel (Kenya:
wings greatly reduced in both sexes, in male 4 mm.) are members of the same
group.

Tipula (Oreomyza) akeleyi sp. n. (Fig. 52)

Generally similar to caligo, sp.n., differing in details of coloration and structure
of the male hypopygium.

Male.—Length about 13-15 mm.; wing 14-16 mm.; antenna about 5.5 mm.

Size larger than in caligo. Halteres pale yellow. Wings of male conspicuously
patterned, more as in the female of caligo; darkened seams and clouds at and

TIPULIDAE 183

before cord conspicuous; whitish spots on surface more evident, especially three
marginal areas in the Anal field, two in cell rst A, one in 2nd A just behind the
end of the vein.

Abdomen with the yellow basal segments more variegated with darker, both
laterally and as narrow posterior margins. Male hypopygium of type (Fig. 52)
with the tergite, ¢, large, the dorsal surface conspicuously excavated, more
narrowly so medially, very broadly so behind, about as sketched from the dried
type; caudal margin more deeply emarginate, the apices of the lobes decurved
into strong blackened points, not slender spines as in caligo. In the paratype, the
excavated dorsal surface of the tergite is not indicated. Outer dististyle shorter
and broader. Inner dististyle with the outer point much stronger, the others
reduced to virtually lacking; immediately back from this beak with a low dark-
coloured dorsal crest.

Holotype, 3, South-western UGANDA, Kigezi Province ; Mount Sabinio, Mikeno
Section, Albert National Park, summit, altitude 10,000-11,000 ft., November
24-25, 1934 (Edwards). Paratype, 5, Kigezi Province, Birunga, possibly from
Sabinio, February 1933 (G. L. R. Hancock). One further specimen in collection.

I name this crane-fly in memory of Carl Akeley, distinguished naturalist,
leader of five expeditions to Africa. Akeley died on November 17, 1926, at the
Saddle Camp, at Kabera. This is on the backbone of a shoulder connecting
Mounts Mikeno and Karisimbi, in the Hagenza forest, at nearly 11,000 ft. and
some 1000 ft. below timberline. Akeley is buried near where he died, in the
Mikeno section of the Albert National Park.

Tipula (Oreomyza) caligo sp. n. (Fig. 49)

General coloration of mesonotal praescutum and scutum brownish black, the
former with a conspicuous yellow spot on sides; scutellum and mediotergite
chiefly or entirely yellow; halteres dark brown, the knobs scarcely brightened ;
legs black, claws simple; wings with a brownish suffusion, variegated by darker
brown, including the prearcular field, cells C and Sc, stigma, a seam over the
anterior cord, and a narrow wing border; R,,,. preserved; cell rst M, small;
abdomen yellow, segments five to seven or eight blackened; male hypopygium
with the tergal spines slender.

Male.—Length about 10-11 mm.; wing 12-12°5 mm.; antenna about 5 mm.

Female.—Length about 13-14 mm. ; wing 15 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head yellow, nasus distinct; palpi black. Antennae
(male) relatively long, exceeding one-third the length of wing; scape and pedicel
light yellow, flagellum black; flagellar segments long-cylindrical, without basal
enlargements; verticils relatively short and inconspicuous, on the intermediate
segments about one-fourth the segment; segments with a short dense dark
pubescence. Head yellow; vertical tubercle protuberant, entire; anterior vertex
about three times the diameter of scape.

184 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

50
z
ww mn i Ah
ls
-t Se Ps
°° p :
52 53

Figs. 48-53.—Tipula (Oveomyza and Schummelia) spp., male hypopygia. (48) T. aber-
daveica; (49) T. caligo; (50) T. elgonensis; (51) T. hancocki; (52) T. akeleyi, tergite only;
(53) T.jacksoniana. b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, sternite; ¢, tergite.

Pronotum obscure yellow medially, blackened. Mesonotal praescutum with
the ground dark brown, with three more blackened stripes that are incon-
spicuous against the ground, the median stripe very insensibly divided by a
ground vitta; sides of praescutum behind the foveae with a major yellow spot;
scutum uniformly brownish black ; scutellum and mediotergite yellow, the lateral
and posterior portions of the latter darkened, in cases extensively so. Pleura and
pleurotergite almost uniformly dark brown or brownish black. Halteres dark

TIPULIDAE 185

brown, the knobs scarcely brightened. Legs with the coxae dark brown;
trochanters yellow; remainder of legs black; claws simple. Wings with a rather
strong brown suffusion, restrictedly patterned with darker brown, including the
prearcular field, cells C and Sc, stigma, anterior cord and a narrow border
encirling the wing; less evident further darkenings along vein Cu and at origin of
Rs; in the female, the latter darkenings are even more extensive, crossing cells
R and M opposite origin of Rs as a postarcular darkening and a cloud before
midlength of cell Cu; veins brownish black. Squama naked; macrotrichia of
veins long and abundant. Venation: Rs long and nearly straight, a little less
than twice m-cu; R,,. preserved; cell rst M, small, irregularly pentagonal;
cell M, relatively deep, about twice its petiole, slightly narrowed at margin;
M 3,4 very short, subequal to basal section of M,.

Abdomen of male with basal four segments light yellow, the extreme lateral
borders darkened; outer segments blackened, the hypopygium varying from
brownish yellow to dark brown; in the female, abdomen with basal four segments
and part of the fifth yellow, segments six and seven and much of five black,
terminal segments fulvous yellow. Ovipositor with the cerci long and slender,
straight. Male hypopygium (Fig. 49) with the tergite, ¢, transverse, the caudal
margin as viewed from above truncate or feebly emarginate; ventral surface of
margin on either side produced into a slender blackened spine, directed
ventrad. Basistyle, b, with a flattened lobe or blade on mesal face. Outer disti-
style weakly flattened-clavate, darkened, the apex obscure yellow. Inner
dististyle, d, subequal in length but broader, the beak obliquely truncate,
blackened and microscopically toothed ; no lower beak or outer basal lobe. Ninth
sternite with a large flattened fleshy yellow lobe on either side, provided with
erect setae; median region of sternite produced into a small lobe. Aedeagus, a,
relatively small, black, subtended by small oval yellow gonapophyses, densely
setuliferous, appearing like smaller lobes of the ninth sternite, as described.
Eighth sternite unarmed.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, at Kyanjoke
Camp in forest zone, 6500 ft., found on boulders in rapid stream, females ovi-
positing in moss, January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9. Paratopotypes, 2 3
(Edwards and Jackson); paratypes, 3, Kiriruma Camp, lower heath zone,
10,200 ft., January 6-7, 10, 1935 (Edwards). Twenty-one further specimens in
series.

I have described this species in somewhat greater detail as being typical of
the nephrotomoides group, the differentiating characters of the different species
being shown in the key.

Tipula (Oreomyza) elgonensis sp. n. (Fig. 50)

Male.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 15 mm.; antenna about 6-2 mm.
Generally similar to T. (O.) caligo, sp. n., differing in several respects. Dorsal

r86 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

half of frontal prolongation of head, including nasus, abruptly light yellow, the
lower part brownish black. Antennae elongate, as shown by the measurements;
scape and pedicel clear light yellow, flagellum uniformly black; flagellar seg-
ments elongate-subcylindrical, a trifle constricted just beyond their bases,
verticils much shorter than the segments.

Mesonotal praescutum with three confluent black stripes, the median one
reaching the cephalic border and here continued backward as a narrow border to
the pseudosutural foveae ; remainder of humeral and lateral regions occupied by
a continuous golden-yellow area; scutal lobes similarly blackened, the central
area narrowly and inconspicuously paler; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly
golden yellow, the posterior lateral portions of the mediotergite and the pleuro-
tergite blackened. Pleura, including the dorsopleural membrane, brownish
black, the pteropleurite abruptly golden-yellow. Halteres yellow, only the basal
part of knob a very little more darkened. Legs with the coxae light yellow, the
extreme bases of the middle pair a trifle more darkened; trochanters yellow;
remainder of legs black. Wings greyish yellow, weakly and vaguely patterned
with darker, including the narrow costal border, stigma, and a seam over the
anterior cord; much narrower and less conspicuous darkenings along Cu, m-cu,
2nd A and certain of the veins beyond cord. Venation: R, rather strongly
sinuous; petiole of cell M, unusually short, about one-third to one-fourth as long
as the cell and only about one-half longer than m.

Abdomen with basal four segments light yellow, the third and fourth seg-
ments restrictedly more darkened on their basal parts; segments five to eight
blackened, forming a broad subterminal ring; hypopygium yellow, certain
structures, as the tergal spines, lobe of basistyle, margin of inner dististyle, and
the aedeagus blackened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 50) most similar to that of
caligo, differing in important features, especially the more elongate tergal spines,
t; narrower outer dististyle; distinctive conformation of the inner dististyle, d,
and the shape of the mesal lobe of the basistyle, b. Ninth tergite, ¢, with the
tergal spines very long and slender, divergent ; posterior border of tergite with a
narrow U-shaped median notch. Basistyle, b, with the lobe more narrowed on
the lower or cephalic end. Outer dististyle relatively narrow, its base heavily
blackened. Inner dististyle, d, terminating in a single slender beak, the margin
basad of this microscopically crenulate.

Holotype, 3, Mount Elgon, KEnyA, along stream banks in heath zone, 10,500—
11,500 ft., February 1935 (Edwards).

Tipula (Oreomyza) hancocki sp. n. (Fig. 51)

Belongs to the nephrotomoides group, generally similar to caligo, differing as
follows:

Male.—Length about 14 mm.; wing 16 mm.; antenna about 3-3 mm.

Female.—Length about 14 mm.; wing 16 mm.; antenna about 2:5 mm.

TIPULIDAE 187

Frontal prolongation of head brown, narrowly yellow pollinose along dorsum ;
nasus elongate, sparsely pollinose. Antennae (male) unusually short, as shown
by the measurements, only about one-fifth the length of wing; scape and pedicel
yellow, flagellum black; flagellar segments short-cylindrical, particularly the
outer ones, the seventh and eighth flagellar segments only twice as long as thick
and only a little longer than their verticils; in female, the antennae, with the
individual segments, still shorter. Head with the vertical tubercle weakly
impressed medially.

Pronotum obscure yellow pollinose, more or less suffused with brown.
Mesonotal praescutum with the ground colour grey, with three entirely separate
opaque brown stripes, the posterior interspaces light brown, clearly defining the
stripes; median stripe very broad; humeral and lateral borders of praescutum
yellowish grey, similar in colour, separated by the very deep foveae; posterior
sclerites of notum more yellowish grey, each scutal lobe extensively dark brown;
posterior border of mediotergite infuscated. Pleura dark brown, variegated by
yellowish grey, including a major area on dorsal sternopleurite and less distinct
ones on the dorsal pteropleurite and adjacent part of anepisternum. In the
paratype, the pleura is more uniformly darkened. Halteres with stem obscure
yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae grey pruinose, their bases
restrictedly more darkened; trochanters reddish, sparsely pruinose ; remainder
of legs brownish black, claws simple. Wings with an unusually heavy and varie-
gated brown pattern on a whitish subhyaline ground, this heavier and more
conspicuous than in either caligo or akeleyz; veins beyond cord broadly seamed
with brown, restricting the ground to central streaks in the cells; ground areas
in cells basad of cord more clearly defined, especially in outer ends of cells R and
M and in the cubital and anal cells. Venation: Rs short, only about one-fifth
longer than m-cu ; cell rst M, longer and narrower than in allied species.

Abdomen of male with basal four segments yellow, the first tergite slightly
pruinose; basal portions of segments narrowly darkened to produce a weak
annulated effect, the posterior and lateral borders of the segments very narrowly
pale, in the paratype the lateral borders of the basal tergites narrowly infuscated ;
fifth segment chiefly darkened, especially the tergite; outer segments, including
hypopygium, uniformly brownish black, the outer segments weakly pruinose. In
the female, the abdomen is more uniformly dark brown, the basal two segments
more brownish yellow, eighth and ninth segments slightly pruinose, especially
on sides; genital shield dark castaneous. Male hypopygium (Fig. 51) with the
caudal margin of the tergite, ¢, very broadly U-shaped, the lobes produced
caudad and ventrad into stout blackened points. Outer dististyle broad. Inner
dististyle, d, unusually stout, without differentiated dorsal crest ; posterior basal
part of style with a low protuberance that bears several strong black spinous setae.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 12,000—13,000
ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Bujuku, Uganda,

r88& RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

12,500 ft., August 14, 1934 (G. L. R. Hancock), through Imperial Bureau of
Entomology. Paratype, 3, Birunga, February 1933 (G. L. R. Hancock).

I dedicate this species to the collector of part of the type material, Mr. G. L. R.
Hancock.

Tipula (Oreomyza) nephrotomoides Alexander
Tipula (Tipula) nephrotomoides Alexander; Arkiv for Zoologi, 16, no. 18: 14-15; 1924.

UcanpDaA: Birunga, February 1933 (G. L. R. Hancock); No. 15.

Tipula (Oreomyza) nephrotomoides invariegata ssp. n.

Female.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 13 mm.

Generally similar to the typical form, differing in the small size and the
almost uniformly darkened colour of the thorax and abdomen. General coloration
brownish black, opaque, only the scutellum and a larger area on the anterior
part of mediotergite golden yellow. First abdominal tergite brown, the remain-
ing segments dark brown or brownish black, the surface subnitidous; eighth
segment black, ninth obscure orange. Cerci long and slender. In the typical
form, tergites one and two, with much of three, orange; in female, segments
eight and nine orange.

Holotype. 2, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Dolichopeza Curtis
Dolichopeza Curtis; British Entomol., p. 62; 1825.

Representatives of this genus are well distributed throughout East and
South Africa but to this date none has been discovered in West Africa. Four sub-
generic groups are represented within this area, the most characteristic being
Trichodolichopeza which ts especially well developed in southern and south-eastern
Africa. The remaining three subgenera are known in this region only from
tropical eastern Africa, two of these, as at present known, only from the
Ruwenzori Range.

Key To DOLICHOPEZA

1. Wings with three branches of M reaching the margin (Fig. 57). (Uganda)
(Subgenus Eudolichopeza, new) lipophleps, sp. n.
Wings with four branches of MW reaching the margin (Figs. 54, 55, 56) : : 2
Vein R,,, persistent, reaching the margin (Fig. 55) :
(Subgenus A frodolichopeza, new) 4
Vein R,,, atrophied, at most represented by a short basal spur that does not
reach the margin (Figs. 54, 56) : : : : : : : 3
3. Outer cells of wing with macrotrichia (Fig. 54)
(Subgenus Tvichodolichopeza Alexander) 6
Outer cells of wing without macrotrichia (Fig. 56) (Subgenus Dolichopeza Curtis) 9

We

TIPULIDAE 189

4. Legs chiefly blackened; male hypopygium black. (Uganda) . : altivaga, sp. n.
Legs, especially the femora, yellow, the latter with narrowly blackened tips;
male hypopygium yellow : : ‘ : : : 3
5. Size larger (wing, male, 11 mm.); femora yellow, the tips narrowly and abruptly
black. (Uganda) . ; : fidens, sp. n.

Size smaller (wing, male, under 10 mm. : fomora evecare eellow, the tips narrowly

and inconspicuously infuscated, not abruptly blackened. (Uganda)

anitva, sp. n.

5)

6. Tips of femora very narrowly but conspicuously snowy white : : : 7
Tips of femora uniformly darkened. : 8

7. Outer medial cells deep, cell M7, about four times its petiole; cell one A broad;
(Fig. 54). (Uganda) ‘ ; albogeniculata Alexander

Outer medial cells shallow, cell M, Bpout bee and one-half times its petiole;
cell 2nd A narrower. (erualetal’ Southern Rhodesia) vumbensis Alexander
8. Extreme bases of tibiae whitened; outer medial cells shallow, cell (7, about two
and one-half times its petiole; m-cu nearly its own length before fork of
M. (Uganda) ; pyvamidata, sp. n.
Tibia not whitened basally; outer Sreate cells deep, cell M, about four times its
petiole; m-cu about one-half its own length before fork of MW. (Extra-
limital: Southern Rhodesia) — . : insinceva Alexander
g. Size large (wing, male, 13 mm.); outer medial cells felatively shallow, cell M,
about four times its petiole; male hypopygium with the median Segal
lobe low, indistinctly trilobulate; appendage of ninth sternite dilated at
its outer end. (Uganda) . corybantes, sp. n.
Size smaller (wing, male, about 11 mm. : outer medial cells deep, cell M, about
five times its petiole or more; male hypopygium with the micah tergal
lobe narrow, the tip obtusely rounded; appendage of ninth sternite nearly
parallel-sided, not dilated outwardly. (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia)
cuthbertsoniana Alexander

Two species that evidently belong to this genus were described as being
species of the Oriental-Australasian genus Scamboneura Osten Sacken by
Speiser and Riedel, respectively. I have never seen either of these forms and
they are omitted from the present treatment. Both were described from Mount
Kilimandjaro, Tanganyika. The two species are Dolichopeza distigma (Speiser),
from the uppermost limit of rain forest on Kilimandjaro, altitude 2,950 metres,
and D. flavomarginata (Riedel), from the cultivated zone at Kilema, altitude
1,440 meters.

Afrodolichopeza subgen. n.

Nasus distinct. Antennae (male) with flagellar segments almost devoid of
verticils or major bristles, there being only about three small basal setae that
are only from one-sixth to one-eighth the length of the segment; 13 antennal
segments, the terminal one a subglobular button. Tibial spurs long and con-
spicuous; claws simple. Wings with sparse macrotrichia in distal ends of outer
cells. Venation: Rs short, oblique, less than /,,5; Ay, entire; cell M, open by
atrophy of basal section of vein M,, producing the usual pectinate venation of
the genus; m-cu far before the fork of 1Z. Male hypopygium with the ninth ter-
gite broad, its posterior margin trilobed but unblackened; a small median
swelling on ninth sternite near cephalic end.

Igo RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Type of subgenus.—Dolichopeza (A frodolichopeza) anitra, sp. n. (Ethiopian
Region: Ruwenzori Range).

The subgenus is best characterised by the persistence or retention of vein
R,,.. In the hairy wings it otherwise agrees with Trichodolichopeza Alexander,
where in certain South African species the vein R,,. is likewise preserved but
faintly so and evidently in process of atrophy. Besides the subgenotype, two
further species are described herewith, all known species to the present date
being restricted to the Ruwenzori Range, where they range from the bamboo
zone upward into the lower heath zone.

Dolichopeza (Afrodolichopeza) altivaga sp. n.

Most similar to D. (A.) fidens, sp. n., differing especially in the coloration of
the body and legs, together with slight details of structure of the male
hypopygium.

Male.—Length about 10 mm.; wing 12 mm.; antenna about 6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black; nasus short and broad, tufted with
long black setae. Antennae with scape light brown, pedicel brownish yellow,
flagellum black. Front and anterior vertex dark chestnut brown, variegated by
silvery.

Pronotum dark brown, scutellum obscure reddish yellow. Mesonotal
praescutum with the humeral and lateral portions blackened, the low disk with
yellow pollinose stripes; scutellum. and postnotum pruinose, katapleurotergite
obscure brownish yellow. Pleura chiefly brownish black, pruinose, the ptero-
pleurite paler. Legs with femora brownish black, the bases somewhat brightened,
the tips very gradually still more blackened; tibiae dark brown, the tips narrowly
blackened; tarsi black. Wings heavily patterned with brown, arranged about as
in the other species but even more distinct.

Pale abdominal rings very obscure yellow, conspicuously grey pruinose;
hypopygium black. Male hypopygium much as in the other species of the sub-
genus, especially fidens ; no distinct apical blade on basistyle but with a flattened
blade beneath the lateral tergal lobe, somewhat as in anitrva. Median tergal lobe
low and broad. Inner dististyle with the outer third or more abruptly blackened,
the posterior part abruptly more yellowed.

Holotype, 3, Kasinjiko Camp, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range,
UGANDA, I1,000-12,000 ft., January 1935 (Edwards).

Dolichopeza (Afrodolichopeza) anitra sp. n. (Fig. 55)

Size small (wing, male, under 10 mm.); general coloration of mesonotal
praescutum and scutum brownish black, yellow pollinose, the posterior sclerites
of the notum yellow; antennae (male) elongate, the verticils unusually reduced;

TIPULIDAE I9ol

knobs of halteres obscure yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly
brownish black ; wings pale yellow, restrictedly patterned with brown ; abdominal
tergites conspicuously ringed with yellow and black; male hypopygium with the
median lobe of the tergite broad; outer dististyle short and stout.

Male.—Length about 8-8-5 mm. ; wing 9-9-5 mm.; antenna about 4-8-5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head above dark brown to brownish black, including
nasus; palpi black. Antennae (male) with scape and pedicel brown, variegated
by yellow, flagellum black; flagellar segments long-cylindrical. Head chiefly
infuscated, pruinose on sides, the low vertical tubercle obscure orange; anterior
vertex about four times as wide as the diameter of the scape.

Pronotum orange-yellow, darkened on sides. Mesonotal praescutum and
scutum brownish black, yellow pollinose to produce three more or less distinct
opaque praescutal stripes ; scutellum and central part of mediotergite yellow, the
posterior and lateral portions of the latter, as well as the anapleurotergite, dark
brown, the katapleurotergite brownish yellow. Pleura obscure yellow, the
mesepisternum variegated by dark brown on the ventral anepisternum and
ventral sternopleurite ; in cases the entire mesepisternum is darkened, contrasting
with the yellow mesepimeron; dorsopleural membrane orange. Halteres with
stem brownish black, its base narrowly brightened, knob chiefly obscure yellow.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters slightly infuscated; femora obscure yellow
the tips narrowly. but conspicuously brownish black, the amount subequal on all
legs ; tibiae and basitarsi yellowish brown, the tips of the latter and the remainder
of tarsi black; claws small. Wings (Fig. 55) pale yellow, patterned with brown,
including the stigma, with slightly paler seams over anterior cord and m-cu, and
still narrower brown seams and washes over Cu, 2nd A and all veins beyond
cord; cell Sc chiefly infuscated; cell R extensively washed with pale brown;
obliterative areas small and inconspicuous; veins brown, Rs and fork of M@
whitened. Macrotrichia in outer ends of cells R, to M3, inclusive. Venation:
R, beyond the free tip of Sc, atrophied or very faintly indicated except by two or
three trichia ; cell M, moderately deep, from three to nearly four times its petiole ;
m-cu more than its own length before fork of M; cell 2nd A moderately wide.

Abdomen conspicuously ringed with yellow and black, the dark colour more
extensive and intense on the tergites; basal ring of tergite two uniformly
darkened, succeeding segments with both base and apex darkened, the broad
central part yellow, this colour persisting through the sixth tergite but here more
restricted to the lateral portions; seventh and eighth tergites black, the seventh
restrictedly yellow on sides; sternites yellow, the posterior borders narrowly
brownish black, the eighth sternite uniformly brownish black; hypopygium
yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 58) with the tergite, ¢, broadly transverse, the
caudal margin conspicuously trilobed but not blackened; median lobe broadly
obtuse at apex, a little shorter and broader than either lateral; tergal setae pale
and relatively inconspicuous. Outer dististyle unusually short and stout. Inner

1g2 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

60 1

Fics. 54-61.—Dolichopeza spp., wings and male hypopygia. (54) D. albogeniculata; (55) D.
anitra; (56) D. corybantes; (57) D. lipophleps; (58) D. anitra; (59) D. corybantes; (60) D. fidens;
(61) D. pyvamidata. d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; ¢, tergite.

dististyle, d, simple, the beak yellow at apex, the lower margin and the obtuse >
lower beak more blackened. Gonapophysis, g, appearing as an elongate flattened
pale blade.

Holotype, 3, Kararama Camp, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range,
UGANDA, bamboo zone, in swamp, 8300 ft., January 5, 1935 (Edwards). Para-
lopotypes, 3 3. Ten additional males in series.

The present fly may be distinguished from the other allied forms by the
characters given in the key.

TIPULIDAE 193

Dolichopeza (Afrodolichopeza) fidens sp. n. (Fig. 60)

Generally similar to anitra, differing in the larger size and slight details of
coloration and venation.

Male.—Length about 9-5 mm.; wing II mm.

Femora yellow, the tips narrowly but conspicuously blackened, more intensely
and abruptly so than in amitra, tibiae more brightened. Wings with the dark
pattern much heavier and more conspicuous, especially the seams over the outer
medial branches, Cu, m-cu and 2nd A. Cell M, somewhat deeper, approximately
four times its petiole ; m-cu even more receded, nearly twice its own length before
fork of M.

Abdomen conspicuously ringed with yellow and black, both the bases and
apices of the segments black, subequal in amount, the very slightly more
extensive central portion yellow; hypopygium relatively large, yellow. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 60) generally as in anitra, differing in details; median lobe of
tergite, ¢, narrower, the intervening notches broad and shallow. Basistyle
produced into a flattened blade adjoining the lateral tergal lobe. Outer dististyle
proportionately longer. Inner dististyle, d, stout, blackened, the posterior part
obtusely rounded. Gonapophysis, g, with the blade more dilated.

Holotype, 3, Kiriruma Camp, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range,
UcanDaA, lower heath zone, 10,200 ft., January 6-10, 1935 (Edwards).

Dolichopeza (Trichodolichopeza) pyramidata sp. n. (Fig. 61)

General coloration yellow, conspicuously patterned with dark brown, includ-
ing three praescutal stripes; antennal flagellum black, the verticils unusually
long; thoracic pleura yellow, narrowly striped longitudinally with brown; knobs
of halteres brownish black; legs black, the extreme tibial bases whitened; wings
subhyaline, conspicuously patterned with brown, including the stigma, seams
over anterior cord and m-cu, and in the outer radial field; obliterative areas
before and beyond stigma conspicuous; macrotrichia of wing cells abundant ;
m-cu nearly its own length before fork of Z; male hypopygium with the tergal
plate pyramidal in outline, the margin toothed; outer dististyle expanded on
outer half, the apex toothed.

Male.—Length about 9 mm.; wing II mm.; antenna about 4 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head yellow above, including the elongate nasus,
darker beneath; palpi light brown, the third segment more blackened, the
terminal one a trifle more brownish yellow. Antennae 13-segmented, of moderate
length; scape and pedicel pale yellow, flagellum black; flagellar segments long-
cylindrical, the basal enlargements not indicated; verticils unusually long and
conspicuous, exceeding the segments in length, the longest unilaterally arranged
on the upper or dorsal face; terminal segment oval, only about one-sixth the

194 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

penultimate. Front and anterior vertex yellow, the sides of the posterior vertex
weakly more infuscated, the median area and narrow posterior orbits more
yellowed; anterior vertex relatively broad, about four times the diameter of the
scape.

Pronotum obscure yellow, with three brown spots. Mesonotal praescutum
with the humeral and lateral portions yellow, the disk with three dark brown
stripes, the central one vaguely split by a capillary reddish vitta; posterior
interspaces narrow, brownish yellow; anterior ends of lateral stripes outcurved
to the margin as a paler brown marking; scutal lobes dark brown, the central
area testaceous yellow, concolorous with the scutellum ; mediotergite dark brown
on sides and behind, the broad central part more greyish testaceous, this evident
only in certain lights; pleurotergite infuscated above, the katapleurotergite
yellow pollinose. Pleura chiefly yellow pollinose, restrictedly striped longi-
tudinally with brown, including two narrow lines, the more dorsal one extending
from the cervical region across the propleura on to the ventral anepisternum,
becoming paler behind; ventral stripe beginning on the fore coxae, crossing the
sternopleurite at midheight, ending on the meron. Halteres with stem brown,
its base restrictedly yellow, knob brownish black. Legs with the coxae yellow,
more or less infuscated basally; trochanters yellow; femora black, the bases
restrictedly yellow, the tips darkened; tibiae brownish black, the extreme bases
whitened; tarsi black. Wings subhyaline or with a weak brownish tinge, con-
spicuously patterned with brown, including cells C and Sc, stigma, most of outer
radial field, and seams over anterior cord and m-cu; narrower séams over the
outer medial veins and along Cu and 2nd A ; obliterative areas before and beyond
stigma very conspicuous, especially the former; a more restricted whitened area
crossing vein M,,5,3, scarcely connected with the prestigmal brightening; veins
brownish black, except in the obliterated portions. Macrotrichia of cells unusually
abundant, from cell Sc, to Ms, inclusive, in Rk, and R; occupying more than the
outer half of cell. Venation: Rs straight, oblique, a trifle longer than the basal
section of R,,;; R, meeting Rk, at almost a right angle, R,,. lacking or indicated
by a weak basal spur; outer medial cells relatively shallow, cell M, about two and
one-half times its petiole ; #-cw nearly its own length before fork of WM; cell 2nd A
relatively broad.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, with a transverse yellow ring at and before
midlength; base of tergite two more extensively yellow; subterminal segments
more uniformly and extensively blackened to produce a ring; basal sternites
yellow, with sparse pruinose areas, the segments narrowly ringed with darker,
especially at the incisures. Male hypopygium (Fig. 61) with the tergite, ¢, distinc-
tive, appearing as a blackened plate that is more or less low pyramidal in outline,
the margin with microscopic denticles or points, including more conspicuous
lateral ones and a rounded apical knob; surface of plate with long pale setae.
Outer dististyle an unusually slender pale rod, narrowed to a dark spinous point,

TIPULIDAE 195

the basal third of style more dilated. Inner dististyle, d, short and broad, the
outer half widely expanded, with three or four spinous points.

Holotype, 3, Kalinzu Forest, south-western UGANDA, January 25, 1935
(Jackson).

The most similar regional species is Dolichopeza (Trichodolichopeza) albogeni-
culata Alexander, likewise from Uganda, which differs in the various points indi-
cated in the key.

Dolichopeza (Dolichopeza) corybantes sp. n. (Figs. 56 and 59)

Allied to cuthbertsoniana; size large (wing, male, 13 mm. or more); antennal
flagellum with elongate verticils; mesonotal praescutum with three reddish
brown stripes; tarsi white, the central fourth of basitarsi weakly darkened;
wings whitish subhyaline, with a conspicuous brown pattern ; m-cu about its own
length before fork of M; abdominal segments ringed with brown and yellow;
male hypopygium with the median lobe of tergite low, trilobed; basistyle at
apex produced into a reddish point; lobe of ninth sternite a pale cushion that is
slightly expanded at apex.

Male.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 13 mm.; antenna about 3 mm.

Female.—Length about 13 mm.; wing 13°5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head obscure brownish yellow, slightly darker
beneath; palpi pale brown, the terminal segment with the broad central part
obscure yellow. Antennae relatively short, 12-segmented; scape and pedicel pale
yellow, flagellum brownish black, the incisures of the more proximal segments
slightly paler; segments subcylindrical, the longest verticils unilaterally arranged,
subequal or a little longer than the segments; terminal segment longer than the
penultimate, narrowed gradually to the pointed apex. Front and anterior
vertex pale yellow, the posterior part of head infuscated ; anterior vertex broad,
approximately four times the diameter of scape; no vertical tubercle.

Pronotum pale brownish yellow. Mesonotal praescutum with the restricted
ground very pale brown, with three more reddish brown stripes; praescutal
setae sparse, erect; scutal lobes similarly reddish brown; posterior sclerites of
notum darker brown, the upper part of the katapleurotergite more yellowed.
Pleura pale yellow, with a very diffuse and inconspicuous pale brown clouding
over the mesopleura, following the suture between the mesepisternum and
mesepimeron, leaving extensive ground areas in front and over the meron and
posterior part of the pteropleurite. Halteres long and slender, brown, base of
stem restrictedly yellow. Legs with coxae and trochanters pale yellow; femora
and tibiae obscure yellow, the tips vaguely or scarcely darkened, the tibiae more
so; tarsi white, the central fourth or fifth of basitarsi with a vague darkening ;
outer tarsal segments more infuscated; claws small, simple. Wings (Fig. 56)
whitish sybhyaline, with a restricted but conspicuous dark brown pattern,
including the stigma and seams over the anterior cord and m-cu; less evident

196 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

brown washes over outer radial and medial branches; vague infuscations in
centres of cells R and M; veins brown. Venation: Sc, ending exactly opposite
origin of Fes, Sc, preserved; no vestige of R,,,; Rs short, oblique, less than the
basal section of R,,;; medial forks moderately deep, M@, approximately four to
five times as long as its petiole ; m-cu about its own length before fork of W/; cell
2nd A relatively narrow.

Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, ringed with brown, paler on the more
proximal segments, the dark pattern including the broad bases and narrower
apices of the segments, the former more or less broken by pale transverse impres-
sions; yellow central ring subequal in width to the basal darkening; sternites
more reddish yellow, the bases slightly darkened; outer segments more generally
darkened; hypopygium obscure brownish yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 59)
with the caudal border of tergite, ¢, narrowly blackened, the lateral angles
produced into slender black arms, the median area into a low lobe that is vaguely
trilobulate; on ventral surface of tergite beneath the arms with a blackened
scabrous flange; beneath the central part of plate with a pale depressed-oval
structure. Basistyle produced caudad into a reddened point or blade. Outer
dististyle relatively slender. Inner dististyle, d, relatively narrow, the surface
with long erect pale setae and more scattered short black bristles. Ninth
sternite with a conspicuous median pale lobe or cushion that is slightly
expanded at apex, the surface densely setuliferous. Eighth sternite with caudal
margin convex, the central produced portion with a concentration of setae, the
area cephalad of this glabrous.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 feet, in
hollow base of a dead tree, December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopo-
type, 2. Paratype, 3, Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Two further specimens in collection.

The only allied species so far known is Dolichopeza (Dolichopeza) cuthbert-
soniana Alexander, of Southern Rhodesia. The differences between the two flies
are shown in the key.

Eudolichopeza subgen. n.

Characters as in Dolichopeza, differing in the venation (Fig. 57), there being
only three medial branches interpreted as being My, , M3, and M,; Ks short, as
in the typical subgenus. No macrotrichia in wing cells. Ovipositor with the
valves short, especially the slender cerci.

Type of subgenus.—Dolichopeza (Eudolichopeza) lipophleps, sp. n. (Ethiopian
Region: Ruwenzori Range).

The only other described subgenus of Dolichopeza having but three outer
branches of media is Eunesopeza Alexander, of the Malayan islands (Philippine
Jour. Sci., 54: 435; 1934), which differs from the present group in the elongate
Rs, asin Nesopeza Alexander.

TIPULIDAE 197

Dolichopeza (Eudolichopeza) lipophleps sp. n. (Fig. 57)

General coloration dull grey, patterned with darker grey; antennae black,
the pedicel obscure yellow; halteres blackened; wings with a strong blackish
suffusion, restrictedly patterned with darker.

Female.—Length about 13 mm.; wing 12 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head relatively short, black, nasus reduced; palpi
black. Antennae twelve-segmented, black, the pedicel obscure brownish yellow ;
flagellar segments cylindrical, gradually decreasing in length outwardly;
terminal segment one-half longer than the penultimate, narrowed outwardly ;
verticils conspicuous, on the intermediate segments approximately one-third the
length of segment, more numerous on outer or upper face. Head brownish grey,
the front and anterior vertex clear light grey; a capillary dark median vitta on
posterior vertex; anterior vertex very broad, approximately five times the
diameter of scape.

Mesonotum chiefly dull grey, the praescutum with the restricted ground
more buffy grey, with four darker grey stripes, the intermediate pair separated on
anterior half by a capillary darkened line; humeral and lateral portions of
praescutum conspicuously brownish black; scutum and scutellum brownish
grey; mediotergite clear ashy grey. Pleura and pleurotergite chiefly dark
brownish grey, variegated with darker brown, especially the ventral sterno-
pleurite, meron, and katapleurotergite; dorsopleural membrane dark brown.
Halteres elongate, blackened. Legs with the coxae blackened, grey pruinose ;
trochanters brownish yellow; femora restrictedly obscure yellow basally, thence
passing into brownish black; tibiae obscure brownish yellow, the tips narrowly
blackened; tarsi brownish yellow, the outer segments more blackened. Wings
(Fig. 57) with a strong brownish suffusion, especially the prearcular and costal
fields; stigma and a broad seam over m-cu darker brown; less evident brown
seams over anterior cord, outer branches of MW, and along veins Cu and 2nd A;
veins dark brown, obliterative areas relatively inconspicuous. Venation: Sc,
ending a short distance before origin of the short Rs, the latter subequal to the
basal section of R4,;; R,,,. entirely atrophied; anterior cord oblique; petiole of
cell 2nd M, subequal to the cell; m-cw about its own length before fork of M/;
posterior branch of Cu lying unusually far behind Cw,, cell Cw, thus relatively
conspicuous; cell 2nd A moderately broad.

Abdomen dark brown, sparsely pruinose, the proximal tergites more heavily
so; cerci horn yellow.

Holotype, 9, Kiriruma Camp, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range,
UGANDA, in lower heath zone, altitude 10,200 ft., January 6-10, 10935
(Edwards).

This fly requires no comparison with any member of the genus so far made
known.

198 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

LIMONIINAE

The present subfamily includes the great majority of the small and medium-
sized crane-flies in the region. There are no small Tipuline forms in Africa, the
medium-sized types that occur being members of the genera Longurio, Tipula,
and Dolichopeza, with a few groups allied to Longurio occurring in South
Africa. As stated in the introductory account, four of the tribes currently
recognised occur here but the fifth, the Pediciini, is somewhat surprisingly lack-
ing and may still be discovered in South Africa, since representatives are known
from New Zealand, Australia, and Chile, evidently having attained this distribu-
tion by migrations via Antarctica.

LIMONIINI
KEY TO GENERA OF THE LIMONIINI

1. Wings with vein R, lacking; rostrum more or less produced, at least as long as
remainder a head . : : : : Helius
Wings with vein R, present; rostrum scarcely produced : c A 2
2. Wings with m-cu lose to or beyond the fork of WW; if before, the distance: not or
scarcely the length of the crossvein itself
Wings with m-cu some distance before the fork of M, exceeding the length of the
crossvein 5 5
3. Wings with R,,, and R, lying far distad; some ‘distance beyond *the level of
outer end of cell rst M,; m-cu beyond the fork of MW; a conspicuous pale
fold in distal end of cell Cu, vein rst A thus appearing forked; legs with
abundant flattened scales, additional to normal setae . : Dicranoptycha
Wings with R, more basal in position, usually at or before the level of outer end
of cell rst M,; m-cu at or close to fork of M, rarely (Limonia: Libnotes)
beyond; no fold in cell Cu; legs without flattened scales 3 ¢ : 4
4. Sc very long, Sc, ending nearly opposite R,; cell IM, open; claws simple
Amphilimnobia*
Sc shorter, Sc, ending opposite or before the fork of Rs; cell M, very rarely
open; claws usually with several teeth or spines in both sexes : Limonia
5. Wings with m-cu less than twice its length before fork of IW, about opposite R,;
Fs virtually straight, cell R, very acute at base; anal angle of wing
prominent; claws commonly taetned : : Antocha
Wings with m-cu lying far basad, more than four times its own 1 length before the
fork of M and far before the level of R,, usually opposite basal half of Rs,
the latter arcuated at origin, cell R, correspondingly obtuse at base;
wings without a distinct anal angle; claws simple : é . Orimarga

* The only known species of the genus Amphilimnobia Alexander is A. leucopeza
Alexander, of the Cameroons; wing, Fig. 107.

Limonia Meigen (Plate X XVII, figs. 196-211)
Limonia Meigen; Illiger’s Magaz., 2: 262; 1803.
Limnobia Meigen; Syst. Beschr., 1: 116; 1818.
The vast genus Limonia is greatly developed in Africa, including the satellite
islands. Especially numerous in species are the subgenera Dicranomyia, Gerano-
myta, Rhipidia, anda variety of forms that conform generally to the characters

TIPULIDAE 199

of the typical subgenus yet in many cases have a hypopygial structure that
differs from that of the type of Limonia (tripunctata Fabricius). A somewhat
comparable condition exists in the Neotropical fauna and I have considered the
problem as it exists there in another paper which may be consulted (Rev. de
Entomol., 21: 161-173; 1950). In the present report I am treating such
atypical forms as belonging to the subgenus Limonia but with the reservations
discussed herewith.

The few species referred to Metalimnobia seem to be placed therein correctly,
despite certain differences in the structure of the male hypopygium. Three
Oriental subgenera, Libnotes, Euglochina, and Thrypticomyza, are represented in
this faunal region by very few yet entirely typical species.

Kry To LIMONIA

Mouthparts, especially the labial palpi, lengthened, longer than the head,
usually much longer. (Subgenus Gevanomyia Haliday) : 7

Mouthparts, including the labial palpi, not eee lengthened, shorter than
the head :

Antennae of male with the flagellar segments more or less bianched! or produced
beneath (bipectinate, unipectinate or subpectinate) or, in the females,
less strongly produced so as to appear serrate or subserrate. (Subgenus
Rhipidia Meigen) . : : 3 : 5 : : 20

Antennal segments simple in both sexes. 3

3. Cord of wings lying far distad, at or beyond four- fifths the wing length: veins
Cu, and rst A fused apically, closing cell Cu (in regional species); Sc,
ending far before origin of Fs. (Subgenus Fuglochina Alexander).
(Belgian Congo, north-east to Darfur; Uganda; Southern Rhodesia)

connectans (Alexander)

Cord of wings normal in position, lying more proximad, at or near two-thirds and
not exceeding three-fourths the wing length; veins Cu, and rst A separate
at margin, cell Cu open; Sc, ending opposite or beyond origin of Fs

ae

nN

nN

4. Vein Cu, lacking. (Subgenus nye comyia Skuse). 31
Vein er preserved is a delicate vein, eta behind and parallel with
Cu) : 5
5. Sc relatively short, Se ending opposite or before origin of RS. (Subgenus
Dicranomyia Stephens) . : : : : 32
Sc longer, Sc, ending some distance beyond origin of Rs 6

6. &s short and oblique, Sc extending to beyond its fork; radial veins deflected
strongly caudad at outer ends; m-cu beneath cell rst M,. (Subgenus
Libnotes Westwood). (Southern Rhodesia to Cape Province)

libnotina (Alexander)
Fs longer and usually more arcuated, Sc not extending to opposite its fork;
veins beyond cord, including the radial veins, not deflected strongly
caudad at tips; m-cu at, slightly before or only a little beyond the fork

of M. (Subgenera Limonia Meigen, Metalimnobia Matsumura) . é 47
7. Wings conspicuously patterned with darker, this chiefly costal in distribution 8
Wings immaculate, except for the stigmal darkening when this is evident. II

8. Costal markings solidly darkened, with paler interpolated areas in the inter-
spaces of cells C and Sc; no darkened spot at end of vein 2nd A . f 9

Costal markings pale with narrow darkened margins, the areas narrowed behind
without clearly defined interpolated darkenings in the costal interspaces ;
a dark spot at end of vein 2nd A 9 . : : : ; : IO

200

10.

ET,

13.

15.

16.

17

H
ive)

19.

Zis

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Pale costal interspaces broad, especially the one between the darkenings at
origin and fork of Is where it is appronmaty twice the width of the

darkened area. (Belgian Congo) : : evvana (Alexander)
Pale costal interspaces narrow, only a little more , extensive than the darkened
areas, including the one above Rs. (Cameroons) : ornatyix (Alexander)

Size small (wing, male, 7 mm. or less) ; pale costal interspaces beyond cord very
narrow, smaller than the darkenings; male hypopygium with the mesal-
apical lobe of gonapophysis expanded, bladelike; wing, Fig. 211.
(Extralimital: Cape District) . c sex-ocellata (Alexander)
Size larger (wing, male, 8 mm. or more); pale costal interspaces beyond cord
broader, subequal in width to the darkenings; male hypopygium with
the mesal-apical lobe of gonapophysis slender. (Belgian Congo; Uganda)
' alberticola Alexander

Se short, Sc, ending opposite or just beyond origin of Rs. : : : 12
Sc longer, Sc, ending beyond midlength of Rs . : ; : f ; 13
Cell rst M, elongate, subequal to vein M,,, beyond it. (Extralimital: Cape
Disitiet) : a vubvithovax Alexander
Cell rst M, short, short- -rectangulaz to nearly square, shorter than vein M,,,
beyond it. (Extralimital: Natal) : : . subimmaculata (Alexander)
Costal fringe of male short and inconspicuous; legs uniformly darkened : 14

Costal fringe of male usually longer and more evident (short in macrops) ; legs
yellow, with a narrow dark subterminal ring, or the femora darkened

with the base and apex yellowed (macrops and allies) . ; h ; 16
Rostrum yellow; wings with stigma and veins ae inconspicuous. (Extra-
limital: Southern Rhodesia). mashonica (Alexander)
Rostrum black; wings with the stigma darker, conspicuous. veins brownish
black. ; : : 15
Mesonotal scutellum yellow: wings ata stigma pale, inconspicuous, veins pale
brown. (Uganda) . : : gviserpeltata, sp. n.
Mesonotal scutellum darkened medially ; wings with stigma darker, con-
spicuous, veins brownish black. (Uganda) : : nigvopeltata, sp. n.

Femora darkened, the base and extreme tip paling to yellow. (Cameroons)
synaporvosa (Speiser)
Legs yellow, the femora with a narrow brown subterminal ring. c 17
Costal fringe of male short. (Cameroons; French Equatorial Africa; Uganda)
macrops (Alexander)
Costal fringe of male longer, the setae one-half to fully the width of cell C. 18
Costal fringe of male of moderate length, the setae about one-half the width
of cell C; rostrum brownish yellow; male hypopygium with the spines
of the rostral prolongation longer than the prolongation itself. (Uganda)
luteinota, sp. n.
Costal fringe of male long, the setae equal to the width of cell C; rostrum
brown to dark brown; male hypopygium with the spines of the rostral
prolongation shorter than the prolongation itself : : 19
Wings with outer radial cells darkened; femoral dark ring clearly defined:
male hypopygium with the ventral dististyle smaller, about two and
one-half times the basistyle; aedaegus glabrous. (Gold Coast; Uganda)
costosetosa, sp. N.
Wings unpatterned, except for the stigma; femoral dark ring broad but ill-
defined; male hypopygium with the ventral dististyle large, exceeding
three times the basistyle; aedeagus with dense setae on sides before apex.

(Uganda; Kenya) . 3 : obsolescens, sp. n.
Antennae of male long- bipectinate (morionella group) c : : ¢ 21
Antennae serrate to subserrate ¢ c 22

General coloration ashy grey, praescutum with 0 one stripes; a oun
stripe on thoracic pleura. (Kenya) . c : ; incompleta (Riedel)

23:

28.

30.

31.

33-

TLPULIDAE 201

General coloration dull brownish black; pleura PEAMLOES (tarsi chiefly snowy
white). (Uganda) . A : submorionella, sp. n.
Flagellar segments alternately brown and whitish: “mesonotal praescutum
uniformly reddish brown or chestnut; pleura cream-coloured, with from
one to three brownish black longitudinal stripes, the dorsal one broad
(pulchra group) : : 2 : : 23
Flagellar segments not alternately ‘dark al mate: Ereconoral praescutum
striped with darker; pleural stripes subequal in width or nearly so
(domestica group) . 25
Posterior femora with a row fi strong setae along ventral. face; “male hypo-
pygium with three rostral spines. (Sierra Leone; Uganda) femorasetosa, sp. n.
No such setae on femora; male hypopygium with four rostral spines. 24
Thoracic pleura with a single major darkened stripe; wings with Sc long, om
ending beyond midlength of fs; darkened area on vein 2nd A subterminal.
(Belgian Congo: Katanga) F : : seydeli, sp. n.
Thoracic pleura with three narrow brown stripes; wings with Se short, Sc,
ending shortly beyond origin of Rs; darkened area on vein 2nd A terminal
in position. (Seychelles) . : . spadicithovax (Edwards)
Sc short, Sc, ending opposite or immediately beyond origin of Rs; (legs yellow,
the nee of the femora and tibiae darkened). (Extralimital: Southern
Rhodesia, Natal, Cape Province) : atomaria (Loew) (syn. afva Bergroth)
Sc longer, Sc, extending to some distance beyond origin of /?s; (femora yellow,
with a narrow darkened subterminal ring, rarely with tips darkened, in
cases uniformly darkened) : : : e : : : : 26
Legs with femora and tibia uniformly yellow 2

7

Legs with femora uniformly darkened, pale with a darkened subterminal ring,
or pale with the tips darkened (in miosema) ; 29

Antennal flagellum uniformly darkened. (Gold Gorse Nicer icamercone!
Mozambique; Natal) 5 : : pallidipes (Alexander)

Antennal flagellum black, the four outer seginents preceding the terminal one
(segments 10 to 13, inclusive) yellow : 28

Male hypopygium with four rostral spines, placed beyond. midlength ‘of the
prolongation. (Uganda) . : sigilla, sp. n.

Male hypopygium with five rostral; Epines, placed before ‘midlength of the
prolongation. (Belgian Congo) : sigilloides Alexander

Femora yellow, the tips darkened; (tibiae dark, prornee black to black; wings

with the dark costal areas larger, approximately equal to the interspaces).

(Belgian Congo; Uganda; Tanganyika; Southern Rhodesia) miosema (Speiser)
Femora yellow, with a subterminal dark ring. , ‘ ‘ : ‘ 30
Dark femoral ring broad, almost terminal in position; median praescutal

stripe entire; male hypopygium with the eee border of tergite very

shallowly emarginate. (Kenya) preapicalis, sp. n.
Dark femoral ring narrow, subequal to the velar, ane? median praescutal

stripe conspicuously divided behind; male hypopygium with the tergal

lobes low but distinct. (Uganda) : : effusa, sp. n.
Legs dark brown, including the proximal two- fifths of the basitarsus and the

outer two tarsal segments, remainder of tarsi white; wings with stigma

small, only about one-half as long as cell rst M,; cell 2nd A broader.

(Seychelles). ‘ : seychellensis (Edwards)
Legs with femora and tibiae dark brown, tarsi uniformly snowy white; wings

with stigma elongate, eae as long as cell rst M,; cell 2nd A narrow.

(Nigeria) : : : nigeviensis (Alexander)
Wings with a supernumerary crossvein in cell Re (Uganda) . vedundans, sp. n.
No supernumerary crossveins in cells of wing. : : j : : 33
Wings evidently patterned with darker : 34

Wings without distinct wing pattern, other than the stigma erlen this is pr esent 44

202

34-

35:

36.

37-

38.

39-

40.

41.

43:

44

45:

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings with the dark pattern chiefly costal and along the cord. : 35
Wings with the dark pattern more dotted along the veins, including two spots

in cell rst A adjoining vein 2nd A. : : 43
Darkened wing pattern sparse, with no costal area at midlength of vein & : 36

Darkened wing pattern more extensive, with three or four costal areas,
including a common marking at origin of Rs and end of Sc, together

with a spot at near midlength of vein Sc . : ; 0 : ‘ 40
m-cu some distance before fork of MW 5 é 5 : 5 é é 37
m-cu at or shortly beyond fork of W : 38

Mesonotal praescutum grey, with three brown stripes: darkened wing spots
more evident. (Seychelles; Southern Rhodesia; Transvaal; Natal)
gardineri (Edwards)
Mesonotal praescutum brownish grey, with a single distinct brown stripe;
darkened wing spots very poorly defined. (Uganda) . . obtusiloba, sp. n.
Cell 2nd A with two dark grey spots, one near the base, the other near tip of
vein 2nd A; male hypopygium with two widely separated rostral spines.

(Sao Tomé) : 5 tamsi Edwards
Cell 2nd A without such spots; “male hypopyeiin mate the two rostral spines
approximated at bases. 39

Size small (wing, male, under 8 mm. i no darkened spot at arculus: Sci feng:
Sc, removed from its tip and with a darkened spot. (Kenya; Southern

Rhodesia; Natal) . : , natvobi (Alexander)
Size larger (wing, male, 9 mm.); a darkened cloud at arculus: Sc, near tip of Sc.
(Uganda) : , . submidas, sp. n.

Male hypopygium with the posterior border of tergite truncate, bearing a

conspicuous oval lobe on either side; rostral spines divergent, the outer

one lying appressed to the surface of the prolongation. (Sao Tomé)
snelli Edwards

Male hypopygium with the as border of tergite emarginate; rostral
spines erect . , 41

Wings with four darkened costal areas that are subequal in axtent to the

interspaces. (Seychelles; Mauritius; ae eee Southern Rhodesia;

Transvaal; Natal; Cape Colony) yf : tipulipes (Karsch)
Wings with three darkened costal areas that are more extensive than the
interspaces.. 42

Praescutum grey, with three Brown stripes: femora dark brown: “male, hypo:
pygium with the rostral spines straight, exceeding the length of the
rostrum beyond their insertion. (Uganda; Kenya) : aberdareica, sp. n.

Praescutum reddish brown, with a broad central darker brown stripe; femora
brownish yellow, with a vague more darkened ring before the yellow
tip; male hypopygium with the inner rostral spine gently curved, the
spines subequal in length to the rostrum beyond their insertion. (Uganda)

phalaris, sp. n.

Darkened dots along the veins more numerous; spots in cell C lacking or very

few in number. (Mozambique; Madagascar) : : guitula (Alexander)
Darkened dots along the veins sparse, only two or three on any of the veins;
spots in cell C more numerous. (Cameroons) : pauciguttata (Alexander)

Wings very long and narrow, more than five times as long as broad; cell 2nd A
very narrow, especially on the outer half; m-cu more than three-fourths its
length before the fork of MW. (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia)
mayrshalli (Alexander)
Wings broader, less than five times as long as broad (narrowest in contvaria) ;
cell 2nd A broader; m-cu closer to the fork of W . Fi : : 45
Both Sc, and Sc, slightly beyond the origin of Rs. (Cameroons)
tevebyina (Alexander)
Sc, ending opposite origin of Fs - - é ; : c : C 46

46.

47-

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

33:

54-

55:

50.

57-

TIPULIDAE 203

Wings long and narrow, nearly five times as long as broad, tinged with dusky.
(Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia). : contvayvia Alexander
Wings broader, less than five times as long as Toad, yellowed, with vague
indications of dusky seams along the cord. (Uganda) . namwambae, sp. n.
Cells of wings with macrotrichia, more sparse in atvichopteva and oligotricha . 48
Cells of wings, with the exception of the stigma in certain species, without
macrotrichia . : 54
Wings with a spotted or clouded Town pattern, to produce a marbled
appearance over the entire surface; trichia restricted to the stigma and
outer cells. (Subgenus Metalimnobia Matsumura) ‘ : 49
Wings uniformly darkened or, if patterned, with the dark areas restric-
ted to seams along the veins or virtually so, not giving a marbled
appearance; trichia more abundant, including the outer half of wing or
more. : : 51
Stigmal region without trichia; “femora almost uniformly darkened. (Belgian
Congo) . ; atyvichopteva Alexander
Stigmal region with abundant trichia, totalling at least a dozen; femora
yellow, with dark rings . 50
Wing trichia, including those of the aihane more abundant, extending basad
to the general level of the outer end of cell rst M,.; vein R,,,; not con-
spicuously arcuated beyond its base; dark femoral rings broad, about
three in number; wing, Fig. 202. (Uganda; Southern Rhodesia)
tvichoptera (Alexander)
Wing trichia, including those of the stigma, relatively sparse, fewer in number
in the stigma and restricted to the distal ends of the outer cells; vein
R,4,, strongly arcuated just beyond base; dark femoral rings narrow,

about four in number. (Belgian Congo; ego) oligotvicha Alexander
Wings uniformly darkened : 5 : : 7 f 52
Wings paler, with darkened seams along the veins ‘ 53

Size larger (wing, Io mm.); free tip of Sc, some distance before the feel of R3;
basal section of R,,, very short, much less than y-m. (Cameroons)
holotvicha Alexander
Size small (wing, 8 mm.); free tip of Sc, in alignment with R,; basal section
of R,,; longer, ees to y-m; (tips of tibiae and the tarsi pale).
(Liberia) ' : : bequaerti Alexander
General coloration of me male oes “ate a Sseaeney See narrow darkened
pattern; no dark areas basad of origin of Rs. (Mozambique)
cuthbertsont Alexander
General coloration of wing yellow, the dark pattern very heavy, especially
in the radial field where the amount exceeds the ground colour; a large
dark area at near one-third the length of cell R, together with narrow

clouds at ends of the Anal veins. (Belgian Congo) . persuffusa Alexander
Legs patterned with white, including the tarsi. : : ; ‘ : 55
Legs without white colour, at least on the tarsi . : F 58
Size larger (wing over 8 mm.); Fs strongly angulated at seeing ap of abe and

all tarsi white. (Belgian Congo) : 5 : havmonia Alexander
Size smaller (wing less than 7 mm.) ; is not angulated at origin; tibia uniformly

darkened, tarsi in part white . : 56
Sc relatively short, ending just beyond midlength of isi cell rst M, short,

subequal to vein M,. (Cameroons) . : metatarsalba (Alexander)
Sc longer, Sc, ending Bout opposite two- thirds Rs; cell rst M, longer,

exceeding vein M, 57
Male hypopygium with the postecion porter of Dinen tergite produced ee an

elongate tubercle. (Liberia) 5 é fivestonei Alexander

Male hypopygium with the posterior border of ninth tergite only slightly
produced. (Belgian Congo) : : : : : infausta Alexander

204

58.

59-

60.

63.

64.

65.

60.

67.

68.

69.

70.

7 Mee

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings pale, distinctly patterned with darker spots or clouds 3 59
Wings pale, without evident dark pattern other than the stigmal area sgihen

this is present : 88
Wing pattern irrorate, including spots, dots or clouds in the cells, as well as

darkened seams over the cord and elsewhere : 60
Wing pattern more restricted, including chiefly darkened seams al clouds,

without isolated spots in the cells. ‘ ; ; : 0 . 73
Size large (wing over 16 mm.) : : : : : : ; : 61
Size smaller (wing under 14 mm.) . : : 5 : 63

Tips of femora broadly blackened; aie, Fig. 200. (Uganda Tanganyika)
vyhizosema Speiser (vhanthiza Speiser)
Femora with a narrow brown subterminal ring . : ‘ 62
Femoral ring very narrow but clearly defined, saapete one- sii as eae as the
yellow tip; darkened wing pattern relatively sparse, less than the ground;
wing, Fig. 201. (Uganda, south to Cape Colony)
subapicalis Alexander (capensis Alexander)
Femoral ring broader but diffuse, subequal to the yellow tip; dark wing
pattern heavy, in amount subequal to the pale ground. (Belgian Congo)
vilhelmt Alexander
Femora with four dark rings alternating with subequal pale ones; stigma with

trichia (Metalimnobia). (Cameroons) c 3 tigvipes Alexander
Femora with a single darkened ring or else uniformly datk i in colour; no stigmal

trichia . : 64
Wings with broad brown! spots and Brocenande additional to abundant dots

in the interspaces; Anal veins curved strongly into the margin. 65
Wings with narrow seams, additional to darkened dots in the cells; Anal

veins extended gently into the margin ‘ 66
Bases of tibiae narrowly whitened; wing dots larger and facia chiefiy i in éells

C and Cu. (Belgian Congo) : : . leucocnemis Alexander

Bases of tibiae not whitened; wing dots small but scattered in most of the
interspaces, including the ae border; wing, Fig. 210. (French
Guinea: Los Islands) : . vecurvans (Alexander)

Wing spots and seams pale and very reduced in fauniber. at first sight
the membrane appearing to be spotless. (Belgian Congo)

oligospilota Alexander

Wing spots abundant; cord usually narrowly seamed with brown : : 67
Legs uniformly darkened, or virtually so : é : ‘ F ; 68
Legs yellow, the femora with a single darkened ring . j ; 69

Femora uniformly black; dark seams at origin of Rs eanepicuons: stigmal area
dark, broken by two yellow spots; Sc, removed from tip of Sc,; radial
branches strongly decurved at outer ends, attaining or exceeding the
wing tip. (Belgian Congo) c : : lucrativa Alexander
Femora dark brown, the base and a vague subterminal ring obscure yellow;
dark seams at origin of Rs very narrow; stigma solidly darkened; Sc, at
tip of Sc,; radial branches not strongly decurved, R, ending before the

wing tip; wing, Fig. 198. (Gold Coast) : : 0 poecila Alexander
Dark femoral ring apical in position or virtually so; wing, Fig. 197. (Nyasaland;

Rhodesia) : : ; dj nyasaensis (Alexander)
Dark femoral ring subapical 4 in position : < : : : E E 70
Sc, much longer than Sc,. (Uganda) ; : : : nigvicaulis, sp. Nn.
Sc. shorter than Sc, : = 71

Outer radial branches not etronety Gerard at ainiker esate, R gently erecetedh

ending shortly before the wing tip; wing, Fig. 196. (Uganda. Transvaal;

Natal) . E : ivvovata (Enderlein)
Outer radial branches strongly decurved at euter eats Rk, attaining the wing

tip - s : : : . : : . - 6 72

72.

73:

74:

75:

70.

78.

79:

80.

81.

82.

83.

TIPULIDAE 205

Sc, slightly removed from tip of Sc,; darkened wing pattern extensive,
including areas at arculus, in anal field, and as seams over the outer
medial veins; darkened femoral ring narrow, subequal to the pale apex.
(Uganda; Southern Rhodesia) . : : . ditioy Alexander

Scy subequal in length or longer than tip of Ses: darkened wing pattern more
restricted and irrorate, not forming extensive seams; darkened femoral
ring much exceeding the pale apex; wing, Fig. 199. (Uganda; Kenya)

vhanteria (Alexander)

Rs very long, exceeding in length its outer branches; radial field conspicuously
patterned, cells R and Fk, obscure yellow, bordered by brown; outer radial
and medial veins seamed with dark brown, the centres of the cells white.

(Cameroons) . 2 venustipennis (Alexander)
Rs of normal or usual length, shorter than its branches; wing pattern not as

above . : : ; é : : 74
Stigma of wings with asada trichia (Consoen es group) . F : : 75
No trichia in stigmal region of wings 82

Mesonotal praescutum with the broad black stripes confluent, practically
restricting the ground colour to the humeral region; pleura ia
with black . ‘ f 70
Mesonotal praescutum yellow, with a ‘broad black median Sie and, in cases,
less distinct lateral ones; when the median vitta is broad (humfrey7), the

pleura is yellow, immaculate. : . : : 79
Abdomen blackened, only the genital segments orange-yellow : : 5 ia
Abdomen with orange on the proximal segments : 78

Metapleura obscure yellow; wings with cells C and Sc more or less yellowed;
abdominal segments uniformly black; wing, Fig. 205. (Belgian Congo;
Kenya) . : : . . : é : congoensis (Alexander)

Metapleura black; wings with cells C and Sc dark brown; basal halves of
abdominal segments shiny blue-black, the ae part velvety black.

(Uganda) ‘ ; emitatrix Alexander
Abdomen with segmenits.o one, four and nine bright orange, remaining segments
black; wing, Fig. 207. (Gold Coast: Ashanti). ; gvahami (Alexander)

Abdomen orange, segments six and seven black, forming a ring. (Tanganyika)
zeynyana Alexander
Pleura yellow, immaculate; wing, Fig. 208. (Southern Nigeria) humfreyi (Alexander)
Pleura and mesosternum transversely banded with black : , 80
Abdominal tergites three to six black, the posterior half of each orange-yellow;
femora black, with a broad diffuse pale subterminal ring. (Belgian

Congo) . : . schoutedeni Alexander
Abdominal segments not patterned as above; femora without a pale sub-
terminal ring . 81

Scutellum black, except at base; anterior half of mediotergite golden yellow,
the posterior half black; central praescutal stripe broad; coxae reddish
yellow, femora black; wings with broad brown seams along cord; basal
abdominal segments chiefly reddish; wing, Fig. 206. (Kenya)
edwardsi (Alexander)
Scutellum yellow, mediotergite black; central praescutal stripe narrow; middle
and hind coxae black, femora dull yellow, the tips broadly brownish
black; wings with the markings very narrow and indistinct; basal
abdominal segments chiefly black; wing, Fig. 204. (Southern Nigeria)
compta (Alexander)
Wing apex uniformly darkened. (Southern Nigeria) . scutellum-nigrum (Alexander)
Wing apex pale, or if darkened, the pattern interrupted by pale spots . : 83
Wing pattern very heavy, including about six major costal areas that are more
extensive than the interspaces, including a dark spot in cell R basad of
origin of Rs; wing, Fig. 209. (Cameroons) ; : vecedens (Alexander)

206

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

ol.

92.

93-

94.

95.

96.

97-

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wing pattern sparse, without heavy costal areca ¢ : : . ¢ 84
Size large (wing 15 mm. or more) : : : ; i 85
Size small (wing 11 mm. or less, usually less than 8mm.) . : c : 86

Wings pale yellow, restrictedly patterned with brown, including spots at
arculus, origin of Rs, Sc, and over the oblique cord; stigma small.
(Tanganyika) : : loveridget Alexander

Wings yellow, restrictedly patterned with rows, including the more trans-
verse cord; stigma large and conspicuous in female, small and interrupted
in male, part being at R,, the remainder more distally on the free tip of
Scg. (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia) : praetoy Alexander

Se short, Sc, ending just beyond origin of Rs; Fig. 93. (Cameroons: Kenya)

woosnami (Alexander) (venustula Alexander)

Sc longer, Sc, ending beyond two-thirds the length of Rs. ; : 87

Femora with a dark brown subapical ring; wings with very narrow davtened
seams to the veins to appear almost immaculate. ee: Tanganyika;
Southern Rhodesia) : uniflava (Riedel)

Femora pale brown, without a darkened SFist wing pattern more extensive but
very diffuse, the oval stigma slightly darker brown; wing, Fig. 203.

(French Guinea: Los Islands) ; : : ; tamavae (Alexander)
Size large (wing about 10 mm.) ; : : F : é : : 89
Size smaller (wing less than 8 mm.) . : : gI

Legs yellow, femora with a narrow brown subterminal : ring; male hypopyeian
with three rostral spines; gonapophyses narrowed at tips. (Kenya)

oligacantha Alexander

Legs extensively darkened; male hypopygium with two rostral eee
gonapophyses broad at tips : 90

Mesonotum yellow, praescutum with a brownish black Stripe that ends some

distance before the suture; abdomen brownish yellow. (Tanganyika)
igalensis Alexander

Mesonotum obscure yellow, the praescutum with a polished black median

stripe, scutal lobes and sides of scutellum extensively darkened,

mediotergite chiefly brownish black; abdominal tergites brownish black.

(Tanganyika) : illitevata Alexander
Wings with cell /, open by the enooly of m; m-cu about one-third its length

beyond the fork of M. (Cameroons) . ; ; cinnamonota (Alexander)
Wings with cell rst M, closed . : : : : : : 92
Male hypopygium with three or four rostral eines : : : . : 93
Rostral spines, if present, one or two in number : 04
Male hypopygium with three rostral spines; rostral prolongation long and

slender. (Uganda) . é : angustilamina, sp. 0.

Male hypopygium with four rostral spines: rostral prolongation shorter, com-
pressed-flattened. eae Kenya; Tanganyika; Southern Rhodesia;

Natal) . : ‘ shawi (Alexander)
Rostrum with a single spine, the prolongation produced : j : : 95
Rostrum either with two spines or without evident spines : 96
Male hypopygium (Fig. 87) with the mesal-apical lobe of gonapophysis long

and slender; body of dististyle simple. (Uganda) 0 inconsidevata, sp. n.

Male hypopygium (Fig. 85) with the mesal-apical lobe of gonapophysis broad,
more or less bilobed at tip; body of dististyle weakly bilobed. (Uganda)
deceptor, sp. n.
Rostrum of hypopygium with two short spines arising from a conspicuous
basal tubercle (bethae) : F : ; ; : 97
Male hypopygium without distinct rostral spines : : a 98
Larger (wing of male exceeding 6 mm.); tibiae pale brown, tarsi yellow; wings
with Sc, ending about opposite three-fourths Rs. (Extralimital:
Madagascar; Southern Rhodesia) a . c bethae bethae Alexander

98.

99-

100,

Io!.

103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

TIPULIDAE 207

Smaller (wing about 5 mm.); tips of tibia and all tarsi yellow; wings with Sc
shorter, Sc, ending opposite three-fifths Rs. (Cameroons)
; bethae contexta Alexander
Male hypopygium with the ventromesal lobe of basistyle long and relatively
slender, clavate; gonapophysis large and conspicuous, at apex dilated

into a head that is farther produced laterad into a point. : c 99
Male hypopygium not as above : : 100
Male hypopygium with the dististyle produced into a slender spine. | (Sey-

chelles) : . . thomasseti (Edwards)
Male hypopygium with ‘the dististyle not bearing a spine. (Cameroons;

Uganda) : : mendica (Alexander)

Male hypopygium with the dististyle extended ected into a long straight
lobe that bears a series of blackened teeth, to produce a serrated
appearance; aedaegus very broad, trifid at apex. (Uganda; Kenya;
Southern Rhodesia; Natal; Cape Province)
filavopyga (Alexander) (nova Wood)
Male hypopygium not as above : : IOL
Male hypopygium with the dististyle a simple oval structure that terminates
in a small truncated blade, extended into a short spine. (French Guinea:
Los Islands) : sevandi (Alexander)
Male hypopygium with the disteeyle more complex ee described : : 102
Male hypopygium (Fig. 89) with the ninth tergite very large, both the posterior
and anterior borders convexly rounded; (antennae of male relatively

long, extending to the wing root). (Uganda) : : . platyterga, sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the tergite narrower, transverse : 103
Male hypopygium with the dististyle fleshy, poee into a long slender

rostral spine . : F : 104
Male hypopygium without a ae slender yostral spine on dististyle : é 100

Male hypopygium (Fig. 92) with the body of the dististyle a single cylindrical
fleshy lobe that is subequal in length to the prolongation; size larger
(wing, 7°5 mm.). (Uganda) z P uniaculeata, sp. Nn.
Male hypopygium (Figs. 91 and 98) aks the body of the dististyle deeply
bilobed ; size smaller (wing less than 6-5 mm.) (submendica) . ‘ 105
Dististyle (Fig. 91) with the lobes elongate; rostral prolongation without a
tubercle. (Cameroons) . . submendica submendica Alexander
Dististyle (Fig. 88) with the lobes shorter, scarcely one-half as long as the
prolongation which bears a small tubercle on lower margin before mid-
length. (Uganda) . é submendica tuberculifera, ssp. n.
Rostral prolongation of dististyle greatly expanded and flattened, produced
into two beaklike points; wing about 6 mm. (Seychelles) mahensis (Edwards)
Rostral prolongation a relatively narrow simple flattened blade : : 107
Male hypopygium with the ventromesal lobe of basistyle narrowed to an acute
point, with a small lateral lobule on its upper surface. (Belgian Congo)
patrita Alexander
Male hypopygium with the ventromesal lobe of basistyle simple, obtuse at tip 108
Ventromesal lobe of basistyle stout, the truncated apex blackened, provided
with abundant short spines; outer lobe of dististyle without a row of
elongate setae; gonapophysis unequally bilobed at apex, the outer lobe
a blackened spine; size small (wing 4mm.). (Cameroons) fuscopleuva (Alexander)
Ventromesal lobe of basistyle obtuse at tip, terminating in long normal setae;
outer lobe of dististyle flattened, the margin with about five unusually
large setae; gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe long and _ slender,
simple; size larger (wing 5 mm.). (Seychelles). . seychellana, nom. n.*

* Limonia (Limonia) seychellana, nom. n., for Limonia (Limonia) magnicauda Edwards

(Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., 15: 202; 1912); not Limonia (Dicvanomyia) mag-
nicauda Lundstrom (Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica, 36, no. 1: 54-56; 1912).

208 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

KEY TO SUBAPTEROUS SPECIES OF LIMONIA

1. Wings very reduced, about as long as the halteres. (Uganda: Ruwenzori)
buxtoniana, sp. n.
Wings longer, narrow, about equal to the thorax. (Tanganyika: Kilimandjaro)
ovesitvopha Speiser
Species omitted from above key because of insufficient data.

Limonia (Dicranomyia) clivicola (Speiser) — Tanganyika.
(D.) tangentialis (Speiser) — Tanganyika.
(Limonia) barthelemyi (Alexander) — Cameroons.

Limonia (Euglochina) connectans (Alexander)

Dicranomyia connectans Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 5: 54; 1920.

UcanpbDA: Ruwenzori Range, Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Fourteen specimens in series. Edwards notes that the
material was taken in deep shade at bases of large trees, often in spiders webs.

Limonia (Geranomyia) alberticola sp. n.

Generally similar to the more southern L. (G.) sex-ocellata (Alexander),
differing in minor regards that are shown in the key.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 7-10 mm.; wing 8-10 mm.;
rostrum about 3°5-4:2 mm.

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 8 mm.; wing 8 mm.; rostrum
about 4mm.

Rostrum black, a little less than one-half the length of wing; palpi black.
Antennae black, the outer segments a trifle paler; flagellar segments oval, with
inconspicuous verticils; terminal segment slightly longer and more slender than
the penultimate. Head behind brownish black with a narrow central grey line
that is of the same diameter as the anterior vertex, continued backward on to the
occiput.

Thoracic dorsum chiefly ochreous or buffy, with a single narrow dark brown
median line extending from the pronotum over the praescutum almost to the
suture ; scutal lobes darkened, more heavily so along the mesal margin; scutellum
lighter yellow; mediotergite pale on sides and centrally in front, the remainder
dark brown, with arms extended cephalad, the posterior half more uniformly
darkened. Pleura and pleurotergite pale, light grey pruinose. Halteres with
stem pale, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters pale yellow;
femora dark brown, darkest at tips, bases restrictedly brightened ; remainder of
legs brown. Wings with the ground of the disk subhyaline, the posterior third
somewhat darker; a conspicuous brown pattern, including especially a series of
seven costal darkenings, the largest over the region of the fork of Sc and the
stigma; dark areas with pale centres, especially near the costal border, narrowly

TIPULIDAE 209

bordered with brown, strongly narrowed posteriorly ; no interpolated darkenings
in the interspaces; additional solid brown areas over cord, outer end of cell rst
M,, and tip of 2nd A; veins pale brown, more yellowed in the costal interspaces,
darker in the patterned areas. Venation: Sc very long, Sc, ending opposite or
just before level of fork of Rs, Sc, near its tip; Rs angulated to nearly square at
origin; cell rst M, approximately as long as vein M,,, beyond it; m-cu before
fork of M, in cases up to two-thirds its own length.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, paler laterally; sternites yellow, the outer
segments, including hypopygium, darker. Male hypopygium with the tergite
transverse, the posterior border with two low lobes that are provided with
numerous setae. Basistyle relatively small, the ventromesal lobe simple, with
abundant very long yellow setae. Dorsal dististyle a curved sickle, the apex
drawn out into a long straight point. Ventral dististyle very large and fleshy, the
area exceeding three times that of the basistyle ; rostral prolongation ending in an
acute point; rostral spines relatively short, arising close together on a common
tubercle. Gonapophysis with the mesal-apical lobe slender, curved, narrowed to
the acute tip.

Holotype, 3, Nyasheke, Volcan Nyamuragira, BELGIAN CoNnco, altitude
1820 metres, June 14-26, 1935 (de Witte). Allotype, 2, Mayumbu, Volcan
Nyamuragira, 2100 metres, June 14-26, 1935 (de Witte). Paratopotypes, 3 9;
paratypes, § 2, Gitebe, Volcan Nyamuragira, 2324 metres, June 14-26, 1935 (de
Witte); Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 7300 ft., December 1934—
January 1935, on dead standing moss-grown tree-trunks (Edwards) ; a total of
II specimens in the British Museum series.

Limonia (Geranomyia) costosetosa sp. n. (Fig. 62)

Allied to macrops; general coloration yellow, head grey; rostrum relatively
short, a little more than one-third the wing; knobs of halteres infuscated; legs
yellow, the femora with a narrow brown subterminal ring; wings broad, costal
fringe of male long and conspicuous; male hypopygium with the rostral pro-
longation of the ventral dististyle small, with two approximated spines from
small basal tubercles.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 5-5-2 mm.; wing 6-I-6:5 mm.;
rostrum, about 2:2-2-4 mm.

Rostrum dark brown, relatively short, a little more than one-third the wing;
palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape brownish black, pedicel brown,
flagellum light brown; segments subcylindrical, with short verticils. Head grey;
anterior vertex reduced to a narrow line that is only about one-fourth the diameter
of scape.

Thorax testaceous yellow to pale yellow, the pleura a little darker. Halteres
with stem whitened, knob infuscated. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow;

210 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

remainder of legs yellow, femora with a narrow brown subterminal ring that is
about equal in width to the yellow apex. Wings broad, especially in male,
subhyaline, the costal border more saturated ; margin in outer radial field a little
more darkened; stigma oval, medium brown; veins pale brown, more yellowed
in the brightened fields. Costal fringe of male long and conspicuous, the setae
subequal to or longer than the width of the costal cell. Venation: Sc, ending
about opposite three-fourths to four-fifths Fs, Sc, near its tip; Rs about twice
the basal section of R,,;; cell rst M, subequal to or longer than the distal section
of M,...; m-cu close to fork of M; cell 2nd A broad.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites and hypopygium somewhat paler
brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 62) with the tergite, ¢, transverse, the posterior
border emarginate, forming low lobes with numerous coarse dark setae. Basistyle
with the ventromesal lobe obtuse. Dorsal dististyle moderately curved, rela-
tively stout, the tip narrowed into an acute spine. Ventral dististyle, d, relatively
small, its area about two and one-half times that of the basistyle; rostral
prolongation small and relatively slender, with two approximated spines from
very small basal tubercles; spines slightly unequal, the longest nearly equal to
the prolongation. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe broad, pale, the extreme
inner angle farther produced into a small blackened point.

Holotype, 3, Entebbe, UGANDA, December 13, 1934 (Edwards). Paratypes,
3g, Accra, GOLD Coast, October 25, 1916 (J. W. S. Macfie), in bungalow; British
Museum; 1 ¢, Lambarene, Ogooue, FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA, I9I2 (R.
Ellenberger); Paris Museum. The paratypes had earlier been confused under
macrops Alexander.

Distinguished from Limonia (Geranomyia) macrops (Alexander) and some
allied forms by the unusually long costal fringe of the male.

Limonia (Geranomyia) griseipeltata sp. n.

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 7 mm.; wing 8 mm.; rostrum
about 2-6 mm.

Rostrum black, approximately one-third as long as remainder of body;
palpi black. Antennae brownish black, the scape a trifle paler ; flagellar segments
short-cylindrical, becoming more elongate outwardly. Head dark grey, the
narrow anterior vertex subcarinate (presumably due to drying of type).

Pronotum brownish grey. Mesonotal praescutum with the disk chiefly
covered by three confluent brownish grey stripes, the humeral and lateral
regions broadly obscure yellow; median region of scutum and the scutellum
conspicuously obscure yellow, scutal lobes brownish grey ; mediotergite brownish
grey, pleurotergite yellowed, slightly pruinose; pleura clearer yellow. Halteres
infuscated, base of stem narrowly pale. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow ;
femora light brown, tibiae and tarsi darker brown. Wings nearly hyaline, the

TIPULIDAE 211

Fics. 62-65.—Limonia (Gervanomyia) spp., male hypopygia. (62) L. costosetosa; (63) L.
luternota; (64) L. nigvopeltata; (65) L. obsolescens. a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle;
g, gonapophysis; ¢, tergite.
oval stigma very slightly darker; veins pale brown. Venation: Sc long, Sc,
ending beyond midlength of the long Rs, Sc, nearly atrophied; Rs fully twice the

basal section of R,,;; m-cu at or close to fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites somewhat paler, especially near
base and apex of abdomen. Cerci long and needlelike, nearly straight.

Holotype, 2, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Most similar to Limonia (Geranomyia) nigropeltata, sp. n., differing especially
in the details of coloration and venation, including the brownish grey praescutum
and the yellowed scutellum.

212 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Limonia (Geranomyia) luteinota sp. n. (Fig. 63)

General coloration of thorax yellow, the praescutum on posterior half with a
capillary darkened median vitta; rostrum brownish yellow; knobs of halteres
infuscated; legs yellow, the femora with a narrow brown subterminal ring;
wings with costal fringe of male moderately long; Sc long; male hypopygium
with the ventral dististyle large, its area nearly three times that of the basistyle ;
rostral spines two, arising from small individual basal tubercles; apex of pro-
longation obtuse.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 6-6-5 mm.; wing 7-7-5 mm.;
rostrum about 3-3:2 mm.

Rostrum brownish yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennae brownish black ;
flagellar segments oval. Head dark grey, weakly more infuscated behind, with
conspicuous black setae; anterior vertex narrow, approximately one-half the
diameter of scape.

Pronotum and mesonotum yellow, the praescutum with a capillary darkened
median vitta on posterior half, continued more broadly on to the median area of
scutum and, in cases, including a central line on the scutellum; mediotergite
darkened posteriorly. Pleura and pleurotergite yellow, more whitened behind.
Halteres with stem pale yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae and
trochanters yellow; femora yellow, with a narrow brown subterminal ring; tibiae
and tarsi obscure yellow. Wings subhyaline, the oval stigma medium brown;
veins obscure yellow to brownish yellow. Costal fringe of moderate length, the
longest setae about one-half the width of cell C. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending
about opposite three-fourths the length of As, Sc. a short distance from its tip;
m-cu at or shortly beyond the fork of M, longer than the distal section of Cz.

Abdomen dark brown, the posterior borders of the segments narrowly and
vaguely yellowed, more extensively so on the outer sternites. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 63) with the tergite, ¢, transverse, the posterior border with a shallow
emargination, the lobes obtuse ; long dark setae on disk of lobes back from margin.
Basistyle with the ventromesal lobe large, with unusually long yellow setae.
Dorsal dististyle gently curved, the tip acute. Ventral dististyle, d, large, its
area nearly three times that of the basistyle; rostral prolongation obtuse at tip,
with two slightly separated spines from small basal tubercles. Gonapophysis, g,
with the mesal-apical lobe straight, flattened, the extreme tip farther produced
and darkened.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Paratype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range,
6500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards), by river on boulders. Two
more specimens in series.

Related to Limonia (Geranomyia) costosetosa, sp. n., and L. (G.) macrops
(Alexander), differing in the characters indicated in the key.

TIPULIDAE 213

Limonia (Geranomyia) nigropeltata sp. n. (Fig. 64)

Disk of mesonotal praescutum blackened, the humeral region reddish yellow;
rostrum black, exceeding one-third the length of wing; legs brownish black;
wings of male with short costal fringe, Sc long; male hypopygium with the rostral
prolongation of the ventral dististyle short, terminating in a triangular point;
rostral spines unequal, arising from a common basal tubercle.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 5-5-6 mm.; wing 6-6:5 mm.;
rostrum about 2°5 mm.

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 6 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Rostrum black, narrowly pale at base, more than one-third the length of
body; palpi black. Antennae black throughout; basal flagellar segments oval,
the outer ones more elongate; verticils short and inconspicuous. Head brownish
grey; anterior vertex reduced to a narrow line, approximately one-third the
diameter of the scape.

Pronotum brownish black, scutellum yellowed. Mesonotal praescutum with
the disk occupied by three confluent black stripes that form a solid shield, the
humeral region obscure reddish yellow; scutum obscure yellow, the lobes
extensively blackened; scutellum yellow, the central part conspicuously
darkened, sparsely pruinose, parascutella yellow; mediotergite brownish black,
the pleurotergite paler, the suture between the two more yellowed. Pleura
reddish yellow, the surface sparsely pruinose to produce a faint silvery appear-
ance. Halteres infuscated, stem yellow. Legs with the coxae fulvous yellow;
trochanters yellow; femora brown; tibiae and tarsi brownish black to black.
Wings weakly tinged with brown, the oval stigma darker brown; veins brown.
Costal fringe of male short and inconspicuous. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending
about opposite two-thirds Rs, Sc, close to its tip; supernumerary crossvein in
cell Sc distinct; Rs variable in length, from twice as long to about one-third
longer than basal section of R,,;; cell rst M, elongate, about equal to the distal
section of vein M,,.; m-cu at or close to the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark reddish brown, sternites obscure yellow; hypo-
pygium darkened. Ovipositor with cerci very slender, nearly straight. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 64) with the tergite, ¢, transverse, the posterior border very
slightly emarginate, the lobes with numerous long setae, more concentrated on a
small central elevation on each lobe. Basistyle, 6, small, the ventromesal lobe
relatively large. Dorsal dististyle a strongly curved sickle, its outer half very
gradually narrowed into a long straight spine. Ventral dististyle, d, very large
and fleshy, its area approximately four times that of the basistyle, the mesal
face pale and without major setae; rostral prolongation short, terminating in a
triangular point ; rostral spines two, placed close together on a common tubercle,
slightly unequal in length. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe terminating in
an acute spine.

214 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935, beside river (Edwards). Allotopotype, 3. Paratopotype, i g. Ten
further specimens in series.

Most similar to Limonia (Geranomyia) grisetpeltata, sp. n., differing in colora-
tion, as shown in the key.

Limonia (Geranomyia) obsolescens sp. n. (Fig. 65)

Allied to macrops ; general coloration of thorax obscure yellow; rostrum rela-
tively short, a little more than one-third the wing, light brown; legs yellow, the
femora with a poorly indicated darker subterminal ring ; wings with a very weak
brownish tinge, the oval stigma darker brown; costal fringe relatively long; Sc
long, Sc, ending opposite or beyond two-thirds the length of Rs ; male hypopygium
with the ventral dististyle large, fleshy, apex of the rostral prolongation obtuse;
aedeagus on sides near apex with conspicuous erect setae.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, 7~7-5 mm.; wing 7—7°5 mm.; rostrum
about 2-8-3 mm. ‘

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 8-8-5 mm.; wing 7-5-9 mm.;
rostrum about 3-3°3 mm.

Rostrum relatively short, a little more than one-third the wing, light brown.
Antennae short, dark brown; flagellar segments long-suboval, with short incon-
spicuous verticils. Head dark brownish grey; anterior vertex reduced to a narrow
line that scarcely exceeds the width of a single row of ommatidia.

Thorax obscure yellow, the praescutum scarcely patterned; anterior inter-
spaces with erect setae; posterior sclerites of notum yellow, the scutal lobes
variegated with darker. Halteres infuscated, the base of stem restrictedly paler.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters pale yellow ; remainder of legs more obscure
yellow, the femora with a poorly indicated to subobsolete darker subterminal
ring. Wings with a very weak brownish tinge, the oval stigma darker brown;
veins brown. Costal fringe of male relatively long but shorter than in costosetosa,
the longest setae a little less than the width of cell C. Venation: Sc long, Sc, end-
ing about opposite two-thirds to four-fifths the length of Rs, Sc, near its tip;
m-cu Close to the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the incisures vaguely paler; sternites
yellow ; hypopygium brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 65) with the tergite, ¢, trans-
verse, the posterior border emarginate, forming two broad lobes that are pro-
vided with abundant long coarse setae. Ventromesal lobe of basistyle large,
its area about one-half the remainder of style, with a low accessory lobule near
base. Dorsal dististyle relatively stout, gently curved, the tip acute. Ventral
dististyle, d, darkened, large and fleshy, its area exceeding three times that of the
basistyle ; rostral prolongation obtuse at tip, with two approximated spines from
short basal tubercles. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe flattened, its lower

TIPULIDAE 215

margin microscopically crenulate, the outer apical angle produced into a small
point. Aedeagus, a, broad, sides before apex with long erect setae.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2°. Paratypes, i 3,1 Q
Chania Falls, Aberdare Range, KENnyA, 4000 ft., October 1934, in wet places at
foot of cliff (Edwards). Two more in series.

Differs from Limonia (Geranomyia) macrops (Alexander) and some allied
species discussed at this time, in coloration and, especially, in the structure of
the male hypopygium.

Limonia (Rhipidia) effusa sp. n. (Fig. 67)

Characters much as in preapicalis, differing in details.

Male.—Length about 6-5~7 mm. ; wing 7-5-8 mm.; antenna about I-I-2 mm.

Female.—Length about 8-5 mm. ; wing 9-5 mm.

Antennal flagellum more uniformly dark brown, the intermediate flagellar
segments only feebly produced. Median praescutal stripe strongly divided
behind. Knob of halteres weakly infuscated. Subterminal dark femoral ring
relatively narrow, subequal to or a little wider than the yellow tip. Wings with
the major dark costal areas virtually restricted to markings beyond midlength of
cell Sc and again over origin of Rs, these darker than the stigma, which is about
the same as the abundant dotted and clouded pattern on the disk. Venation: Sc
relatively long, Sc, ending approximately opposite one-third the length of the
long Rs; m-cu from about one-fourth to one-half its length before the fork of M7.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 67) with the tergal lobes, ¢, distinct but low. Rostral
spines five, elongate, gently curved, fully twice as long as that part of the
prolongation beyond their origin. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe relatively
pale, the small apical point darkened.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 10,200 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratype, 3, Mount
Mgahinga, Kigezi Province, UGANDA, 8000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards). Eight
more in series.

Limonia (Rhipidia) femorasetosa sp. n. (Fig. 68)

Allied to pulchrva; mesonotal praescutum deep chestnut brown, bordered in
front by buffy, posterior sclerites of notum darker brown; pleura buffy pruinose,
with a very broad and conspicuous dark brown longitudinal stripe and a capillary
ventral brown line; anterior femora with outer third brownish black, the remain-
ing femora obscure yellow, with a barely indicated darker ring; tibiae obscure
yellow to brownish yellow; ventral face of posterior femora with a row of strong
setae on about the proximal half; wings whitish subhyaline, with a very abundant

216 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

dotted pale brown pattern and a few larger and darker spots; Sc relatively long,
Sc, ending shortly before midlength of Rs; dark spot on vein 2nd A ante-apical;
abdominal tergites brown, sternites and hypopygium obscure yellow; male
hypopygium with three relatively short rostral spines, arranged in a compact
group.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 7 mm.

Female.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 5:2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with scape and pedicel black, pruinose,
flagellum bicoloured, with brownish black and orange segments alternating.
Head light grey; anterior vertex narrow, less than the diameter of scape.

Cervical region and pronotum buffy above, brownish black on sides. Meso-
notal praescutum dark chestnut brown, the anterior margin buffy; posterior
sclerites of notum darker brown. Pleura buffy, white pruinose, with a very broad
and conspicuous dark brown longitudinal stripe, extending from the cervical
region to the abdomen, passing beneath the halteres, bordered above by pale; a
very narrow and inconspicuous brown line on the sternopleurite and meron, like-
wise including the bases of the fore and middle coxae, and, in cases, also the
posterior pair. Halteres yellow, the knobs vaguely darkened. Legs with coxae
yellow, except as described above; trochanters yellow; fore femora yellow, the
outer third brownish black, remaining femora obscure yellow, with a barely
indicated narrow pale brown subterminal ring ; remainder of legs obscure yellow
to brownish yellow, the tips of the tibiae vaguely darkened; outer tarsal segments
brownish black; posterior femora with a row of strong setae on ventral face,
involving approximately the basal half of segment. Wings whitish subhyaline,
with a very abundant dotted pale brown pattern and a few larger and darker
spots, placed at fork of Rs, R,, and in cell rst A before the tip of vein 2nd A;
other much smaller spots at end of vein ks, m and m-cu; veins yellow, darker in
the patterned areas. Venation: Sc moderately long, Sc, ending shortly before
midlength of Rs ; m-cu before fork of M, ranging from about one-half to nearly its
own length.

Abdominal tergites brown, sternites and hypopygium obscure yellow, the
posterior borders of the intermediate sternites paler ; in the female, sternites more
darkened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 68) with the posterior border of tergite, ¢,
scarcely emarginate, without distinct lobes. Basistyle with the ventromesal lobe
bearing a tiny accessory lobule on face. Ventral dististyle, d, with three short
rostral spines in a compact group. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe simple,
tip obtuse, inner margin microscopically roughened.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Five more in series. Allotype, 2, Njala, SIERRA LEONE,
October 21, 1932 (LE. Hargreaves).

The affinities and distinctions between the various regional members of the
pulchra group are indicated in the key.

TIPULIDAE 217

Limonia (Rhipidia) miosema Speiser
Limonia miosema Speiser; Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., Diptera, 4, Orthorapha Nema-
tocera, pp. 50-51; 1909.
Limnobia miosema Riedel; Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afrique Orientale (1911-1912),
Ins. Dipt., 111, Nematocera polyneura, p. 74, Figs. 2, 3; 1914.

UGANDA: Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, 5500-7500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Mount Mgahinga, Kigezi Province,
8000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards); Kalinzu Forest, January 1935 (Jackson).
Seventeen more in series.

The types were from 1300-1900 metres on Mount Kilimandjaro, Tanganyika.

Limonia (Rhipidia) preapicalis sp. n. (Fig. 69)

Mesonotal praescutum grey, with a conspicuous median brown stripe ; femora
yellow, with a broad dark nearly terminal ring ; wings whitish subhyaline, spotted
and clouded with brown; Sc relatively short; male hypopygium with the ninth
tergite very shallowly emarginate; five long rostral spines on ventral dististyle.

Male.—Length about 7 mm. ; wing 8 mm.

Female.—Length about 7 mm; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae brownish black, the incisures of the
more proximal flagellar segments brightened; flagellar segments of male
moderately produced. Head grey; anterior vertex relatively narrow, approxi-
mately equal to the diameter of the scape.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotal praescutum grey, with a conspicuous median
brown stripe and very poorly indicated lateral ones; posterior sclerites of notum
grey, the scutal lobes more darkened; mediotergite with a capillary darker
central vitta. Pleura and pleurotergite grey, with longitudinal brown stripes, the
more dorsal one broader; ventral sternopleurite paler. Halteres yellow. Legs
with the coxae yellow, narrowly infuscated basally; trochanters yellow; femora
yellow, with a broad conspicuous darkened ring that is almost apical in position,
leaving the tips very narrowly yellow; tibiae obscure yellow, the base and apex
narrowly brownish black; tarsi brown, the outer segments passing into black;
claws long and only slightly curved, with a major spine near base. Wings
whitish subhyaline, spotted and clouded with brown; three larger and darker
costal clouds, the second at origin of Rs and fork of Sc, the third stigmal; else-
where on surface with paler clouds, the larger along cord, outer end of cell rst M,
and an apical one at end of vein 2nd A, chiefly in cell rst A ; veins yellow, darker
in the clouded parts. Venation: Sc relatively short, Sc, ending just beyond
origin of Rs; basal costal darkening surrounding a weak vein which may
represent the greatly retracted Sc, or may be a supernumerary element, as in
Geranomyia; cell rst M, somewhat shorter than vein M,,, beyond it; m-cu
shortly before fork of M, in the type nearly one-fourth its own length.

Abdomen, including genitalia of both sexes, dark brown. Ovipositor with

218 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

cerci short and slender. Male hypopygium (Fig. 69) with the tergite, ¢, trans-
verse, the posterior border very shallowly emarginate, the lobes very low, with
long yellow setae. Basistyle with the ventromesal lobe large, obtuse, with a small
accessory lobule on face near base. Dorsal dististyle relatively stout, gently
curved, terminating in a long straight spine. Ventral dististyle, d, of moderate
size, its area somewhat less than twice that of the basistyle ; rostral prolongation
elongate, with five long spines, arising in a close group beyond midlength of the
prolongation. Gonapophysis, g, with mesal-apical lobe terminating in a subacute
blackened point.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENyA, 8000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Two more in series.

The distinctions from Limonia (Rhipidia) effusa, sp.n. and L. (R.) miosema
Speiser are shown by the key.

Limonia (Rhipidia) seydeli sp. n. (Fig. 70)

Allied to pulchra; thoracic pleura with a single major dark stripe; wings with
Sc long, Sc, ending beyond midlength of As; dark spot on vein 2nd A subapical
in position; male hypopygium with the tergal lobes low but evident; rostral
prolongation of ventral dististyle with four long gently curved spines; gonapo-
physes with mesal-apical lobe blackened, conspicuously bidentate at apex.

Male.—Length about 6-6-2 mm. ; wing 6-6-5 mm.

Female—Length about 7-7-2 mm. ; wing 7-7-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with flagellar segments orange and
brown, alternating, as in the group. Head dark grey.

Pronotum dull orange, narrowly darkened on sides. Mesonotal praescutum
with the disk dull orange, narrowly darkened laterally, the margins broadly
whitened; posterior sclerites of notum with a broad dark brown central line, the
scutal lobes, with the lateral borders of the scutellum and mediotergite, con-
spicuously pale yellow. Pleura and pleurotergite whitened, the former with a
conspicuous dark brown lateral stripe that passes beneath the root of the halteres;
a very delicate ventral brown line, crossing the coxae and sternopleurite.
Halteres with stem white, knob weakly darkened. Legs with the coxae white,
lined with brown; trochanters white; femora pale yellow, the fore pair with the
tips broadly blackened, with a further paler darkening before midlength, the
two areas enclosing a broad yellow subterminal ring; remainder of legs yellow,
the tips of tibiae brown, of the proximal tarsal segments very narrowly so; outer
tarsal segments brownish black; remaining femora brownish yellow with a
vague brown subterminal ring; no modified setae on any legs. Wings pale
yellowish subhyaline, with a dotted and spotted brown pattern, as in the group;
larger darker spots at fork of Rs, outer end of cell rst M,, and subapically on
vein 2nd A ; veins yellow, darker in the more heavily patterned areas. Venation:

TPIPULIDAE 219

Fics. 66-—73.—Limonia (Rhipidia) spp., wing and male hypopygia. (66) L. submorionella;
(67) L. effusa; (68) L. femorasetosa; (69) L. preapicalis; (70) L. seydeli; (71) L. sigilla; (72) L.
sigilloides; (73) L. submorionella. d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; ¢, tergite.

Sc long, Sc, ending beyond midlength of Rs, Sc, a short distance from its tip;
m-cu at or a short distance before the fork of M, in cases to about one-third
its length.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, paler laterally, the outer segments more
uniformly darkened; basal sternites obscure yellow; hypopygium yellow. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 70) with the tergite, ¢, transverse, the posterior border very
shallowly emarginate, the lobes low, with relatively sparse setae of moderate

220 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

length. Basistyle subequal in area to the ventral dististyle, the ventromesal lobe
stout. Dorsal dististyle a gently curved black rod, the tip narrowed into an
elongate spine. Ventral dististyle, d, with the rostral prolongation stout, with
four long gently curved spines from very small basal tubercles. Gonapophysis
with the mesal-apical lobe blackened, conspicuously bidentate at apex.

Holotype, 3, Elisabethville, BELGIAN Conco, December 17-31, 1932 (Seydel).
Allotopotype, 2, March 26, 1933. Paratopotypes, 1 3, November 1932, 2 9, with
the allotype. Seventeen further specimens in series.

I am pleased to name this interesting species for the veteran collector, Mr.
Charles Seydel. The fly is allied to Limonia (Rhipidia) spadicithorax (Edwards),
differing in the characters indicated in the key.

Limonia (Rhipidia) sigilla, sp. n. (Fig. 71)

Mesonotum chestnut brown, patterned with paler; antennae black, with seg-
ments ten to thirteen, inclusive, light yellow; thoracic pleura pale, narrowly
lined with darker; legs yellow, the coxae patterned with brown; femora uni-
formly yellow; wings subhyaline, with a restricted spotted and abundantly
dotted brown pattern ; male hypopygium with the tergite transverse, the posterior
border truncate; rostral prolongation of the ventral dististyle narrow, with a
group of four long slender spines placed far out ; gonapophyses strongly darkened.

Male.—Length about 6-6-2 mm.; wing 6-8—7-2 mm.; antenna about I-o-
I-Imm.

Female.—Length about 6-5 mm.; wing 7 mm.

Rostrum brownish black; palpi black. Antennae black, segments ten to thir-
teen, inclusive, light yellow; basal flagellar segments only moderately produced;
in the paratype, the yellow subterminal flagellar segments slightly bicoloured,
weakly darkened with the bases more whitened. Head above brownish grey, with
a narrow darker median vitta; anterior vertex narrower than the diameter of
scape.

Pronotum dark brown, the pretergites paler. Mesonotal praescutum and
scutal lobes chiefly chestnut brown, the praescutum with the median region
lighter in front, divided by a capillary darker line, lateral borders more heavily
pruinose ; posterior sclerites of notum reddish brown, grey pruinose. Pleura pale,
sparsely pruinose, with two narrow darker brown longitudinal lines, the more
dorsal one extending from the cervical region to the pteropleurite, narrowed
behind, ventral stripe occupying the coxae and sides of sternopleurite. Halteres
with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with coxae pale, lined with
darker, as described; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs yellow, unpatterned,
the femora a trifle darker; outer tarsal segments brown. Wings subhyaline, with
a restricted spotted and abundantly dotted pale brown pattern, the largest
areas being costal in distribution, relatively small; areas at origin of Rs and fork

TIPULIDAE 221

of Sc disconnected or contiguous; dotted pattern very abundant but pale and
inconspicuous; veins obscure yellow, darker in the patterned areas ; mark at mid-
length of cell Sc apparently surrounding a weak crossvein. Venation: Sc variable
in length, in the types ending about opposite one-third the length of Rs, Sc, near
its tip; m-cu from one-half to nearly its own length before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites paler, especially the outer ones;
hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 71) with the tergite, ¢,
transverse, the caudal margin appearing truncate, with rather numerous setae
close to the margin. Basistyle with ventromesal lobe stout. Dorsal dististyle
relatively slender, a little dilated before the long apical spine. Ventral dististyle,
d, more than twice as large as the basistyle ; rostral prolongation narrow, with a
compact group of about four long slender spines, these approximately twice as
long as the apex beyond their insertion. Gonapophysis, g, with mesal-apical
lobe stout, strongly darkened. Aedeagus broad.

Holotype, 3, Kalinzu Forest, south-western UGANDA, January 1935 (Jackson).
Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotype, &.

The most similar species is Limonia (Rhipidia) sigilloides Alexander, of the
Belgian Congo, whose hypopygium is shown for comparison (Fig. 72).

Limonia (Rhipidia) submorionella sp. n. (Fig. 66)

Allied to morionella; general coloration dull brownish black; antennae (male)
with flagellar segments long-bipectinate; legs brownish yellow to light brown,
the narrow tips of basitarsi and remaining tarsal segments snowy white; wings
hyaline, the oval stigma darker brown; Sc, very long, cell M, open by atrophy of
m; male hypopygium with two rostral spines.

Male.—Length about 4:5 mm.; wing 5 mm.

Female.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 5:5 mm.

Rostrum about equal to remainder of head, slender, dark brown, paler
basally; palpi black. Antennae (male) long-bipectinate ; basal segments brown,
flagellar segments bicoloured, the bases and branches black, the stems whitened,
this colour becoming more obscured on the outer segments; longest branches
approximately one-fourth as long as the flagellum or nearly four times the seg-
ment that bears them. In the female, flagellar segments merely moniliform, the
basal swelling subglobular to subtriangular, with abrupt apical pedicels. Head
dull black; anterior vertex broad, approximately five times the diameter of scape.

Thorax dull brownish black, the notum sparsely pruinose, the pleura more
heavily so. Halteres with stem yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with fore coxae
darkened, remaining coxae and all trochanters yellow; femora brownish yellow ;
tibiae light brown; basitarsi extensively brownish black, the narrow tips and
remainder of tarsi snowy white. Wings (Fig. 66) hyaline, the oval stigma darker
brown; veins brown. Venation: Sc, ending about opposite one-third the length

222 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

of Rs, Sc, very long, exceeding Rs; cell M, open by atrophy of m; cell M,
shorter than its petiole.

Abdominal tergites reddish brown to brown, vaguely to more evidently
dimidiate, with the bases of the segments somewhat paler than the apices;
sternites and ventral dististyle of hypopygium pale. Male hypopygium (Fig. 73)
with the tergite, ¢, transverse, unusually narrow. Basistyle with ventromesal
lobe large. Dorsal dististyle a strongly curved sickle, narrowed beyond base,
thence gradually widened, the tip narrowed into an acute spine. Ventral
dististyle, d, large and fleshy, its area about two and one-half times that of the
basistyle; rostral prolongation very short and obtuse; two rostral spines from
low approximated basal tubercles, spines relatively long, nearly straight.
Gonapophysis, g, with mesal-apical lobe flattened, the short tip acute.

Holotype, 3, Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 7300 ft., December
1934-January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9, with the type. Paratype, 3,
Mount Sabinio, Kigezi Province, UGANDA, 7000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards).
Six more of typical form in series.

The most closely related regional species is Limonia (Rhipidia) extraria
Alexander, of Madagascar, with several other species in the Oriental Region and
another, still undescribed, from Reunion. The present fly differs from extraria
especially in details of coloration of the body, legs and wings. The Mount
Sabinio paratype was considered by Edwards to represent a distinct but allied
form, based on the more evidently dimidiate abdomen, but a later study of the
male hypopygia of the two forms shows them to be conspecific. It will be noted
that in the key, I had placed Limonia (Rhipidia) incompleta (Riedel) as a
member of this same group. The male sex of this fly remains unknown and it
may prove that this assumption based on the female sex is incorrect.

Limonia (Dicranomyia) aberdareica sp. n. (Fig. 75)

Allied to t2pulipes ; general coloration grey, the praescutum with three brown
stripes, the median one broad; wings subhyaline, patterned with brown, the
largest and most conspicuous areas subcostal, more extensive than the inter-
spaces; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite transverse, the posterior border
with a narrow notch that separates two broad obtuse lateral lobes; ventral
dististyle large and fleshy, the rostral prolongation slender, especially the apex ;
two rostral spines, one from a small basal tubercle, the other sessile.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 7 mm.

Female.—Length about 6-5—7-5 mm.; wing 7-9 mm.

Rostrum dark grey; palpi black. Antennae black, the scape more pruinose ;
flagellar segments short-oval, with short verticils. Head grey; anterior vertex
relatively narrow, in male about one-half wider than the diameter of scape.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotal praescutum with the restricted ground grey,

TIPULIDAE 223

with three brown stripes, the median one broad; posterior sclerites of notum
grey, the scutal lobes vaguely patterned with darker; mediotergite with a con-
spicuous darkened central line. Pleura and pleurotergite light grey. Halteres
with stem pale, knob light yellow. Legs with the coxae brownish grey ; trochanters
obscure yellow; remainder of legs dark brown, the outer tarsal segments black.
Wings subhyaline, patterned with brown, the largest and most conspicuous areas
subcostal, more extensive than the yellow interspaces; paler brown washes at
stigma, cord and outer end of cell zs¢ M,; a pale brown cloud in centre of cell
Sc; veins light brown, darker in the patterned areas. Venation: Sc, ending a
short distance beyond origin of Rs, Sc , close to its tip; y-m very short to more or
less obliterated by the fusion of veins R,,, and M,,.; m-cu at or close to fork
of M.

Abdomen dark brown, the sternites slightly more pruinose; hypopygium
dark except for the pale ventral dististyles. Male hypopygium (Fig. 75) with the
ninth tergite, ¢, transverse, the posterior border with a narrow notch, the broad
lateral lobes obtuse, each with several strong setae directed mesad. Basistyle
with the ventromesal lobe apical in position, large, with strong setae. Dorsal
dististyle a curved hook that narrows very gradually to an acute point. Ventral
dististyle, d, large and fleshy; rostral prolongation slender, especially the apex;
rostral spines two, the outer from a low basal tubercle, the other sessile. Gonopo-
physis, g, with mesal-apical lobe darkened, acute at tip. Aedeagus with apical
lobe simple.

Holotype, 3, Thompson’s Falls, Aberdare Range, KENyA, 7000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Allotype, 9, Ruiru Falls, Aberdare Range, October 1934.
Paratopotype, 2; paratypes, 3 2, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, Fort Portal, 5000 ft.,
Kilembe, 4500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Distinguished from other members of the species that centre around Limonia
(Dicranomyta) tipulipes (Karsch), chiefly by the structure of the male hypopy-
gium, as shown by the position in the key.

Limonia (Dicranomyia) namwambae sp. n. (Fig. 76)

Belongs to the ¢r7stis group; size large (wing over 9 mm.) ; general coloration
of mesonotum light brown, sparsely pruinose, the praescutum with a broad
reddish brown central stripe; halteres pale yellow; legs light brown; wings
whitish subhyaline, very restrictedly and vaguely patterned with pale brown;
male hypopygium with the rostral prolongation of the ventral dististyle stout,
its apex subtruncate; rostral spines two, small, placed close together on small
tubercles.

Male.—Length about 8 mm.; wing 9:5 mm.

Female.—Length about 7-5 mm. ; wing 10:5 mm.

Rostrum brownish grey; palpi relatively short, medium brown. Antennae

224 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

brown; flagellar segments short-oval to oval, the incisures well-constricted;
verticils shorter than the segments. Head brownish grey, with proclinate yellow
bristles; anterior vertex about as broad as the diameter of scape.

Pronotum light brown, darker on sides. Mesonotum light brown, sparsely
pruinose, the praescutum with a broad ill-defined reddish brown central stripe,
centres of scutal lobes similarly darkened; mediotergite more pruinose. Pleura
brownish grey, with relatively sparse yellow setae on the sternopleurite. Halteres
pale yellow, relatively long. Legs with the coxae yellow to brownish yellow;
trochanters testaceous ; remainder of legs light brown, the outer tarsal segments
blackened. Wings whitish subhyaline, very restrictedly and vaguely patterned
with pale brown, including the very small short-oval stigma and very narrow
seams over the cord and outer end of cell rst M,; veins brownish yellow, a little
darker in the patterned areas. Venation: Sc short, Sc, ending opposite origin of
Rs, the latter arcuated, a little less than twice the basal section of R4,;; cell
rst M, rectangular, subequal to the distal section of vein M; m-cu shortly before
the fork of M.

Abdomen light brown, darker laterally. Male hypopygium (Fig. 76) with the
tergite, ¢, transverse, narrowed outwardly, the posterior border very shallowly
emarginate. Basistyle with a small accessory lobule, additional to the larger
more proximal ventromesal lobe. Dorsal dististyle dilated basally, nearly
straight, a little expanded before the long straight apical spine. Ventral disti-
style, d, relatively large, its area considerably greater than that of the basistyle;
rostral prolongation stout, its apex very blunt, subtruncate; two small rostral
spines, placed close together on small basal tubercles. Gonapophysis with the
mesal-apical lobe slender, its tip slightly curved, acute.

Holotype, 3, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8000-9000 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton). Allotype, 2, Namwamba Valley, Ruwen-
zori Range, 10,200 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Two additional
specimens in series.

The present fly is most like Limonia (Dicranomyia) contraria Alexander
(sordidipennis Alexander, preoccupied), of Southern Rhodesia, differing especially
in the structure of the male hypopygium and in the characters listed in the key.

Limonia (Dicranomyia) obtusiloba sp. n. (Fig. 78)

Belongs to the ¢r7stvs group; general coloration of mesonotum brownish grey,
the praescutum with a broad clearer brown central stripe; male hypopygium
with the tergite narrowed outwardly, terminating in two low sclerotised lobes or
flanges; basistyle with a small lateral lobule; ventral dististyle with the apex of
the prolongation broadly obtuse, with two rostral spines from small basal
tubercles.

Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 8 mm.

TIPULIDAE 225

Rostrum small, dark brown; palpi brownish black. Antennae dark brown;
flagellar segments oval, strongly constricted basally, subequal in length to the
verticils. Head dark grey; anterior vertex relatively narrow, a little less than the
diameter of the scape.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum brownish grey, with a broad
clearer brown central stripe that is vaguely divided behind, the lateral stripes
not evident; scutal lobes similarly patterned with brown; posterior sclerites of
notum more pruinose, vaguely patterned with obscure yellow. Pleura dark grey,
the dorsopleural region dusky. Halteres relatively long, stem whitened, knob
infuscated. Legs with the coxae and trochanters brownish yellow; remainder of
legs brown, the tibial tips narrowly and insensibly darker ; outer tarsal segments
a little more infuscated. Wings subhyaline, vaguely patterned with brown at
arculus, origin of Rs and stigma; veins brown. Venation: Sc, ending about
opposite origin of Rs, Sc, near its tip; m-cu about three-fourths its length before
fork of M.

Abdominal tergites reddish brown, darker laterally; basal sternites obscure
yellow, the outer segments more uniformly darkened ; hypopygium, excepting the
pale dististyles, darkened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 78) with the tergite, ¢, broadest
across the base, gradually narrowed outwardly, the margin more sclerotised; at
apex a little expanded to form two very low lobes or flanges. Basistyle, b, short,
the ventromesal lobe stout, not provided with accessory lobules, the outer half
with numerous bristles, one apical seta being longer and stouter ; on face of style
with a stout darkened lobule that is about one-half longer than its diameter
across base. Dorsal dististyle a slightly curved darkened rod, at apex suddenly
narrowed into a straight spine. Ventral dististyle, d, large and fleshy, its total
area a trifle greater than that of the basistyle; rostral prolongation stout, its
apex broadly obtuse ; two rostral spines of nearly equal size, placed close together
on small basal tubercles. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe short and stout,
darkened.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 12,000-—
13,000 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

This species is closest to Limonia (Dicranomyia) contraria Alexander and L.
(D.) mosselica Alexander, both of South Africa, differing in the structure of the
male hypopygium. I have shown the hypopygium (Fig. 77) of contraria (sordidi-
pennis Alexander, preoccupied) for comparison with the present fly.

Limonia (Dicranomyia) phalaris sp. n. (Fig. 79)

Allied to t2pulipes ; mesonotal praescutum reddish brown, sparsely pruinose,
with a broad central darker brown stripe; halteres light yellow; femora brownish
yellow, the tips narrowly clearer yellow, preceded by a vague darker ring; wings
whitish subhyaline, restrictedly patterned with brown; Sc, ending nearly

226 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Fics. 74-81.—Limonia (Dicvanomyia) spp., wing and male hypopygia. (74) L. vedundans;
(75) L. aberdareica; (76) L. namwambae; (77) L. contraria; (78) L. obtusiloba; (79) L. phalaris;
(80) L. vedundans; (81) L. submidas. b, basistyle; d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; ¢, tergite.

fo}

opposite midlength of Rs, Sc, near its tip; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite
emarginate ; ventral dististyle very large, its area approximately three times that
of the basistyle ; rostral prolongation with two spines, one from a low tubercle.

TIPULIDAE 227

Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Female.—Length about 8 mm.; wing 9°5 mm.

Rostrum light brown; palpi darker brown. Antennae with scape obscure
yellow, the remainder black; flagellar segments short-oval, the more proximal
ones shorter; verticils short. Head brownish grey, vaguely darker on central
part of vertex, paler beneath; anterior vertex about twice the diameter of the
scape.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotal praescutum reddish brown, sparsely pruinose,
with a broad central darker brown stripe, the lateral stripes lacking or barely
indicated, margins more yellowed; posterior sclerites of notum pruinose, the
scutal lobes darker; mediotergite clearer grey, with a capillary brown central
line; pleurotergite darkened. Pleura obscure yellow, more or less pruinose,
vaguely lined with brown on the propleura and ventral anepisternum, and again
on the ventral sternopleurite. Halteres short, stem white, knob light yellow.
Legs with the coxae light brown, sparsely pruinose ; trochanters brownish yellow ;
femora brownish yellow, slightly but extensively more darkened just before the
narrowly yellowed tips to form a vague subterminal ring; tibiae and tarsi light
brown, the outer tarsal segments darker. Wings whitish subhyaline, restrictedly
patterned with brown, including the stigma, fork of Sc, cord, outer end of cell
Ist M,, and vague marginal spots at ends of veins Rs, rst A and 2nd A; two
unusually large darkenings in cell Sc, more extensive than the interspaces,
especially the one at near midlength of cell; veins yellow, darker in the patterned
areas. Venation: Sc relatively long, Sc, ending nearly opposite midlength of the
oblique Rs, Sc, close to its tip; v-m distinct but shortened by the approximation
of veins R,,; and M,,,; m-cu shortly beyond fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brownish grey, yellowed laterally and less evidently at
bases; sternites and hypopygium obscure yellow to brownish yellow. Ovipositor
with cerci short but slender, extending to shortly beyond the hypovalvae. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 79) with the tergite, ¢, transverse, gradually narrowed out-
wardly, the posterior border with a deep U-shaped notch, the much broader
lobes obtuse, with numerous apical setae. Basistyle short, its ventromesal lobe
large. Dorsal dististyle an unusually long curved rod, gradually narrowed to the
acute tip. Ventral dististyle, d, large and fleshy, its area approximately three
times that of the basistyle; rostral prolongation slender, narrowed to the sub-
acute tip; two rostral spines, one slightly longer and more curved, from a low
squat basal tubercle. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe curved, the tip
acute.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotype, 3. Two
further specimens in series.

The most similar species include Limonia (Dicranomyia) aberdareica, sp. n.,
and L. (D.) tipulipes (Karsch), the distinctions being indicated in the key.

228 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Limonia (Dicranomyia) redundans sp. n. (Fig. 80)

Allied to tapulipes ; general coloration grey, the praescutum with three brown
stripes, the lateral pair reduced; knobs of halteres light yellow; legs obscure
yellow; wings whitish subhyaline, restrictedly patterned with dark brown; a
supernumerary crossvein in cell /,; male hypopygium with the rostral prolonga-
tion of the ventral dististyle unusually small and slender; rostral spines two,
from small basal tubercle.

Male.—Length about 6-5—6-8 mm. ; wing 7-8-8 mm.

Female.—Length about 6-5 mm. ; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown to black. Antennae with scape brownish
yellow, remainder black; basal flagellar segments subglobular, the outer ones
more elongate, with short verticils; terminal segment a little longer than the
penultimate. Head brownish grey; anterior vertex narrow, about equal to the
diameter of scape.

Pronotum brownish grey, narrowly blackened medially above. Mesonotal
praescutum grey, with three brown stripes, the median one broader and darker,
slightly more constricted on anterior half, lateral stripes short-oval; scutum
brownish grey, the lobes patterned with brown, especially on the sides, the central
area pruinose; posterior sclerites of notum pruinose, the pleurotergite, meta-
pleura and meron conspicuously dark brown, the remainder of pleura paler,
obscure yellow; ventral sternopleurite and propleura weakly infuscated.
Halteres with stem pale, knob light yellow. Legs with the coxae brownish black,
the fore and middle pairs pale apically; trochanters whitened, the posterior pair
darker; remainder of legs obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments a trifle
darker; claws with a strong basal spine. Wings (Fig. 74) whitish subhyaline,
restrictedly patterned with dark brown, including the cord, outer end of cell
1st M,, R, and the free tip of Sc, supernumerary crossvein in cell Rs, and outer
end of vein 2nd A; a further series of three brownish black areas in cell Sc, the
last over origin of Rs, less extensive than the yellow interspaces; veins yellow,
infuscated in the patterned areas. Venation: Sc, ending nearly opposite origin
of Rs, Sc near its tip; As nearly oblique, a little longer than the basal section of
R4,5; a supernumerary crossvein near outer end of cell R;; cell rst MW, nearly as
long as the outer section of M/,,,.; m variable in length, in cases very short (as
shown) ; m-cu at or close to fork of M; cell 2nd A broad.

Abdomen dark brown, sparsely pruinose; hypopygium, especially the styli,
orange. Male hypopygium (Fig. 80) with the tergite, ¢, transverse, narrowed
posteriorly, the margin with a broad V-shaped notch, the lateral lobes rounded,
with conspicuous setae. Basistyle small, its ventromesal lobe obtuse. Dorsal
dististyle a strongly curved rod, the tip acute. Ventral dististyle large, fleshy, its
area nearly three times that of the basistyle; rostral prolongation small and
slender, especially apically; two rostral spines from small basal tubercles.

TIPULIDAE 229

Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe curved to the acute tip. Aedeagus slender,
its apex simple.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotype, 3. Four more specimens
in series.

Readily told from all other species that centre about Limonia (Dicranomyia)
tipulipes (Karsch) by the presence of a supernumerary crossvein in cell R,
of the wings.

Limonia (Dicranomyia) submidas sp. n. (Fig. 81)

Allied to gardineri; size large (wing, male, 9 mm.); mesonotum reddish
brown, the posterior half of the central praescutal stripe, a median area on
scutum and a triangular marking on mediotergite blackened; femora brownish
yellow, darkening to a vague ring before the narrow yellow tip; wings subhyaline,
restrictedly patterned with brown, without costal darkenings basad of origin of
Rs; male hypopygium with the rostral prolongation of the ventral dististyle
small, slender, subacute at tip; rostral spines two.

Male.—Length about 7-5 mm. ; wing 9 mm.

Rostrum brown; palpi brownish black. Antennae dark brown, the scape and
pedicel a trifle paler; flagellar segments oval, with relatively inconspicuous
verticils. Head dark grey.

Pronotal scutum reddish brown, darker laterally, the scutellum light yellow.
Mesonotal praescutum chiefly reddish brown, representing the usual stripes and
lateral margins, the posterior half of the broad central stripe abruptly dark
brown; humeral region of praescutum light yellow, the pseudosutural foveae
very small; interspaces more pruinose; scutum dark brown on central part,
representing the mesal third of each lobe and the central area, producing a
continuous median spot, the broad lateral borders of the lobes yellow; scutellum
large, light yellow, conspicuous; mediotergite with a large velvety black tri-
angular area, the point directed backward, the broad lateral borders fulvous,
pleurotergite yellow, the katapleurotergite dark grey. Pleura yellow, the
propleura vaguely darkened; ventral sternopleurite dark brown. Halteres
yellow. Legs with the coxae darkened, the apices of the fore and middle pairs
yellow; trochanters obscure yellow; femora brownish yellow, becoming darker
brown just before the very narrow vaguely yellowed apex; tibiae and tarsi
brown, the outer tarsal segments blackened. Wings subhyaline, restrictedly
patterned with brown, including spots at arculus; origin of Rs and tip of Sc;
along cord; free tip of Sc, and R,; outer end of cell rst A adjoining vein 2nd A,
some distance back from margin; veins yellow, darkened in the patterned areas.
Venation: Sc relatively short, Sc, ending about opposite one-fourth the length of
the oblique Rs, Sc, near its tip; R,,, strongly upcurved at tip; Ry,, and M,,,

230 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

approximated, greatly reducing 7-m; cell rst M about equal to distal section of
vein M,; m-cu at fork of M.

Abdomen yellow, the subterminal segments weakly darkened; hypopygium
yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 81) with the tergite, ¢, transverse, its outer
border notched, forming two large rounded lobes that are provided with numerous
rather short setae. Basistyle small, the ventromesal lobe simple. Dorsal disti-
style a strongly curved sickle, the acute tip slightly decurved. Ventral distisyle,
d, very large and fleshy, its area approximately three times that of the basistyle;
rostral prolongation small and slender, narrowed to the subacute tip; rostral
spines two, placed close together, the inner from a small basal tubercle. Gonapo-
physis with mesal-apical lobe relatively narrow, gently curved to the acute tip.
Tip of aedeagus simple.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards).

Generally similar to Limonta (Dicranomyia) muidas Alexander, of Mauritius
and Reunion, and to L. (D.) tamst Edwards, of Sdo Tomé, differing in coloration,
venation, and structure of the male hypopygium.

Limonia (Metalimnobia) oligotricha Alexander

Limonia (Metalimnobia) oligotyicha Alexander; Faune Entomol. Ruanda-Urundi
(Mission Basilewsky 1953), xxvu1, Diptera, Ptychopteridae et Tipulidae, pp. 277—
278; 1955.

Allotype, 2, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Paratypes, 2 3, with allotype; 1 g,
Kalinzu Forest, south-western UGANDA, January 1935 (jackson). Twenty
further specimens in British Museum. The type was from the Belgian Congo,
collected by de Witte.

Limonia (Metalimnobia) trichoptera (Alexander)
Limnobia tvichopteva Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 4-6; 1920.

UGANDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 6500 ft., December 1934—
January 1935 (Edwards); Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, 5500—
7500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Fifteen further specimens in
series.

Described from stations in Uganda and Southern Rhodesia. The wing is
shown (Fig. 202, paratype).

Limonia (Limonia) angustilamina sp. n. (Fig. 83)

Closely allied to L. (L.) shaw (Alexander), differing in the details of coloration
and structure of the male hypopygium.
Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 7 mm.

TIPULIDAE 231

Femora brown, the tips unbrightened. Wings with a strong dusky tinge,
without pattern other than the short-oval to subcircular brown stigmal spot;
prearcular field not brightened; veins not seamed with darker. Venation: m-cu
more than one-half its length beyond fork of M. Abdominal tergites, including
hypopygium, black, sternites paler. Male hypopygium (Fig. 83) with the body
of the dististyle, d, small and oval, with a further major lobe directed more
caudad; rostral prolongation much narrower and longer, with three rostral
spines. Tail-like lobe very slender; lobe of cephalic mesal angle blackened and
very conspicuous. The hypopygium should be compared with that of shawz
(Fig. 90).

Holotype, 3 Kilembe, UGANDA. 4500 ft., January 1935 (Edwards).

Limonia (Limonia) buxtoniana sp. n. (Fig. 84)

Allied to shawi; subapterous, the wings narrow and only a little longer than
the halteres; legs long and slender, femora obscure yellow, the tips blackened,
preceded by a narrower clear yellow ring; ventral dististyle of male hypopygium
with three rostral pines.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing about 1 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout ; flagellar segments
oval, with short apical necks that are concolourous with the remainder ; terminal
segment about one-third longer than the penultimate. Head dark brownish
grey: anterior vertex narrow, slightly wider than a single row of ommatidia.

Pronotum dark brown, restrictedly paler laterally. Mesonotal praescutum dark
brown medially, the lateral and humeral portions obscure yellow; remainder of
mesonotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown, the posterior and ventral sclerites
slightly more brightened. Halteres dark brown, the base of stem restrictedly
pale. Legs long and slender, relative to size of body; coxae light brown; tro-
chanters obscure yellow; femora obscure yellow to brownish yellow, the tips
blackened, preceded by a clearer yellow ring that is fully one-half as extensive as
the blackened apex; tibiae brown, the extreme base vaguely paler, the tip
narrowly darkened; tarsi yellowish brown, the terminal segments blackened;
claws slender, the single acute tooth basal in. position. Wings reduced to narrow
straplike structures that are only a little longer than the halteres and only about
as wide as the diameter of the club of the latter; wings strongly infuscated, the
bases yellow. Venation greatly distorted by the reduction of the wings.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, with indications of a narrow pale median
vitta that is interrupted on posterior part of segment; sternites dark, the posterior
border of segments paler; hypopygium dark. Male hypopygium (Fig. 84) much
as in shawi and allies. Ninth tergite, ¢, conspicuously emarginate posteriorly.
Lobe of basistyle low. Rostral blade of ventral dististyle of moderate width;
spines three, the central one a little shorter than the acutely pointed outer pair,

232 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

its tip more or less hastate; cephalic mesal lobe of style flattened and blackened,
conspicuous. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe elongate, the apex narrowly
obtuse. I cannot be certain as to whether there is a tail-like lobe on outer margin
of dististyle, as in related forms, but believe that this is the case.

Holotype, 3, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, altitude
11,000 ft., on ridge covered by Scrophulariaceous plants, January 1935 (D. R.
Buxton).

I take great pleasure in naming this fly for the collector, Dr. D. R. Buxton,
who secured some particularly interesting Tipulidae in the Nyamgasani Valley.
The present fly was associated with a second nearly apterous crane-fly of some-
what similar size and appearance, described hereinafter as Austrolimnophila
(Austrolimnophila) buxtom, sp. n. The fly under consideration is quite distinct
from Limonia (Limonia) oresitropha Speiser in its even more degenerate wings
and in the pattern of the legs and wings. From the structure of the male hypo-
pygium, it is certain that this fly is allied to species that centre around Limonia
(Limonia) shawi (Alexander), all other forms being fully-winged in both sexes.

Limonia (Limonia) congoensis (Alexander) (Plate X XVII, fig. 205)

Limnobia congoensis Alexander; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 11-13; 1920.

Limonia congoensis Alexander; Rev. Zool. Africaine, 11: 4; 1923.

UGANDA: Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, 5500-7500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Formerly known from the Belgian Congo and Kenya. The wing is shown
(Fig. 205, Holotype).

Limonia (Limonia) deceptor sp. n. (Fig. 85)

Thorax uniformly light yellow; antennae black, the incisures, including both
the basal and apical pedicels of the individual segments, whitened; halteres
infuscated; legs obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments darker; wings pale
yellow, unmarked except for the small pale brown stigma; Sc long; male hypo-
pygium with the rostral prolongation of the dististyle a very long compressed
blade.

Male.—Length about 6-5—7 mm.; wing 7-5-8 mm.

Female.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, the incisures, involving both the
apical and basal pedicels of the individual segments, whitened, the former more
extensive; flagellar segments oval to elongate, with unusually long and con-
spicuous verticils, especially the outer or dorsal series; terminal two segments
subequal. Head dark brownish grey; anterior vertex in male reduced to a linear
strip that is about one-half wider than the diameter of a single row of ommatidia.

TIPULIDAE 233

Pronotum weakly infuscated. Mesonotum and pleura clear pale yellow, the
surface nitidous. Halteres infuscated, of moderate length. Legs with the coxae
and trochanters light yellow; remainder of legs obscure yellow, the tarsi passing
into pale brown; claws slender, with a single elongate sub-basal spine. Wings
with a pale yellow tinge, the prearcular and costal fields somewhat more saturated
yellow; stigma small, subcircular, pale brown; veins brownish yellow. Venation:
Sc relatively long, Sc, ending a short distance before fork of Rs, Sc, a short
distance from its tip; free tip of Sc, and R, in transverse alignment; cell rst M,
shorter than the distal section of M/,,.; m-cu at or close to fork of M.

Abdominal tergites pale brown, the caudal borders of the individual seg-
ments narrowly yellow, the amount more restricted on outer segments; tergites
eight and nine, with the remainder of hypopygium, clear yellow; sternites more
brownish yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 85) with the ventromesal lobe of
basistyle low and simple. Dististyle, d, single, the body small, bilobed; rostral
prolongation very long, appearing as a gently curved compressed blade, the base
more dilated, with a conical lobe that terminates in a single strong spine, its tip
truncated. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe very gradually narrowed into
a slender obtuse to subacute point. Ovipositor with cerci very small and slender,
strongly upcurved, the hypovalvae much larger and stronger.

Holotype, 3, Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5500-
7500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Namwamba
Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 12,000-13,000 ft., December 1934—January 1935
(Edwards). Paratype, 3, with the allotype. Four further specimens in series.

Despite the different general appearance, Limonia (Limonia) deceptor seems
closely related to L. (L.) woosnami (Alexander). The male hypopygium of the
two flies is generally similar but the coloration of the body and legs, and the
pattern and venation of the wings, is quite distinct.

Limonia (Limonia) ditior Alexander
Limonia (Limonia) ditiov Alexander; Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London (B), 15: 134-135;
1946.

UGANDA: Kalinzu Forest, January 1935 (Jackson); Ruwenzori Range,
Kilembe, 4500 ft., December 1934—January 1935; Fort Portal, 4000 ft., Decem-
ber 1934—January 1935; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Seventeen further specimens in series.

The type is a male from the Vumba Mountains, Southern Rhodesia. All
specimens have the leg pattern somewhat paler than in the type, being darkest
in the Kilembe female. Some specimens show the narrow intermediate praescutal
stripes, with no indication of lateral darkenings; in others, best indicated by the
Kalinzu Forest specimen, the lateral stripes are well-indicated, crossing the
suture on to the scutal lobes. There is also considerable variation in the degree of

234 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

darkening of the thoracic pleura. The wing pattern of the type is closely dupli-
cated by certain of these specimens. In the type, FR, and the free tip of Sc, are
virtually equally long, a condition very like that in most of the available speci-
mens; in one male, R, is only about one-half as long as vein R,,, and Sc, beyond
it. Male hypopygium much as in the type, the outer lobe of the ventral dististyle
stouter in some cases; the two elongate setae that terminate this lobe of moderate
length, not fasciculate.

Limonia (Limonia) flavopyga (Alexander)

Dicranomyia flavopyga Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 7: 307-308; Ig2t.

Teucholabis nova Wood; Ann. South Afr. Mus., 39: 263-265, Fig. 86; 1952.

KenyA: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 10,000 ft., October 1934
(Edwards). UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards); Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Seven more in series.

The type of flavopyga was from Shafton Grange, Natal; of nova from
Robinson Pass, Cape Province.

Limonia (Limonia) illiterata Alexander

Limonia illiterata Alexander; Occas. Pap. Nat. Mus. S. Rhodesia, no. 6: 5-6; 1937.

UcanDA: Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, 5000 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Although the male sex is unavailable, the determination appears
to be correct. :

Limonia (Limonia) inconsiderata sp. n. (Fig. 87)

General coloration brownish yellow, the praescutum with three brown stripes,
the lateral margins undarkened; pleura with a brown stripe, legs brownish
yellow, the outer segments darker; wings greyish subhyaline, restrictedly
patterned with brown, including seams at origin of Rs, along cord and outer end
of cell rst M,; Sc, ending about opposite one-third the length of Rs; male
hypopygium with the lobes of the dististyle very unequal, the prolongation or
inner lobe approximately four times the oval outer lobe.

Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments
oval, with short glabrous apical necks. Head grey; anterior vertex reduced to a
linear strip.

Pronotum brown, the scutellum yellowish testaceous. Mesonotal praescutum
brownish yellow, with three brown stripes, the interspaces obscured; scutal
lobes darkened, the median area pale; scutellum brown; mediotergite obscure
yellow, the central part darker. Pleura obscure yellow, with a conspicuous dark
brown dorsal longitudinal stripe, sternopleurite more weakly darkened. Halteres

DTIPULIDAE 235

Fics. 82-92.—Limonia (Limonia) spp., wing and male hypopygia. (82) L. oligacantha;

(83) L. angustilamina; (84) L. buxtoniana: (85) L. deceptor; (86) L. oligacantha; (87) L.

inconsiderata; (88) L. submendica tuberculifeva; (89) L. platyterga; (90) L. shawi; (91) L.
submendica; (92) ‘L. uniaculeata. d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; f, tergite.

236 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

relatively long, stem weakly darkened, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae
obscure yellow, the fore pair dark brown; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs
pale brownish yellow to yellowish brown, the tarsi darker. Wings greyish sub-
hyaline, sparsely patterned with brown, including the oval stigma and seams at
origin of Rs, along cord and at outer end of cell rst M,; veins brown. Venation:
Sc relatively short, Sc, ending about opposite one-third the length of the arcuated
Rs, Sc at its tip; free tip of Sc, and R, in approximate transverse alignment ;
basal section of R,,; about one-half Rs; m-cu just before fork of M; cell rst M,
relatively large, rectangular, subequal in length to vein M,,, beyond it.

Abdominal tergites brownish black ; sternites bicoloured, yellow, the posterior
borders of the segments broadly dark brown, becoming more extensive on the
outer segment, the subterminal ones more uniformly darkened ; segments eight
and nine paler, the styli of the hypopygium darkened. Male hypopygium (Fig.
87) generally as in wnzaculeata, differing conspicuously in the relative proportions
of the lobes of the outer dististyle, d; outer lobe small, oval, with conspicuous
setae ; inner Jobe or prolongation blackened, approximately four times as long,
slender, the tip subacute; at base of style with a strong puncture bearing a
mcedified spinous seta that is longer than the outer lobe of style. Basistyle with
ventromesal lobe large, unequally bilobed, with unusually long strong setae.
Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe broad, unequally bidentate at tip.
Aedeagus with apex bilobed.

Holotype, 3, Mount Sabinio, Kigezi Province, south-western UGANDA,
7000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards).

The nearest relative is Limonia (Limonia) uniaculeata, sp. n., which is readily
told by the details of structure of the male hypopygium (see Fig. 92).

Limonia (Limonia) mendica (Alexander)

Dicranomyia mendica Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 8: 164; 1921.
Limonia mendica Alexander; Rev. Zool. Africaine, 14: 168, Fig. 3 (male hypopygium) ;
1926.
UcanpDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards).

Limonia (Limonia) nigricaulis sp. n.

Size relatively small (wing, female, 9-5 mm.); general coloration of thorax
fulvous yellow, the praescutum with intermediate darkened stripes, scutellum
black with a yellow central spot ; halteres with stem and base of knob darkened ;
femora yellow, darker outwardly, the distal fourth clearer yellow, enclosing a
broad dark brown subterminal ring ; wings subhyaline, spotted and clouded with
darker and pale brown spots; Sc, much longer than Sc,, ending shortly before
fork of Rs; abdominal tergites weakly bicoloured, light brown, the posterior
borders narrowly yellowed.

1G) OME INDIO: 237

Female.—Length about 7-5 mm.; wing 9°5 mm.

Rostrum shiny black; palpi dull black. Antennal scape and pedicel dull
black, basal two or three flagellar segments black, succeeding ones bicoloured,
brownish black basally, the apices broadly pale; basal flagellar segments oval,
the outer ones more elongate, subequal to their verticils, with short apical pedi-
cels; terminal segments elongate, nearly twice the penultimate. Head dark
grey; anterior vertex narrow, about one-half the diameter of scape, in front
elevated into a small tubercle.

Pronotum fulvous yellow. Mesonotal praescutum fulvous yellow, with a pair
of intermediate stripes, obsolete in front, more confluent behind, with vague
sublateral areas; scutum fulvous, the lobes patterned with dark brown; scutel-
lum dark brown, broadly yellow medially, parascutella pale ; mediotergite dark
brown, the lateral borders yellowed. Pleura and pleurotergite yellow, patterned
with fulvous on the anepisternum and ventral sternopleurite. Halteres with stem
and base of knob brownish black, the base of stem light yellow, apex of knob
paling to obscure yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters fulvous yellow ;
femora yellow, darker outwardly, the outer fourth clearer yellow, enclosing a
broad dark brown subterminal ring that is about twice as extensive as the yellow
tip; tibiae and tarsi obscure yellow, only the outer tarsal segments a trifle
darker. Wings subhyaline, patterned with brown spots and larger areas, the
latter at arculus, base and fork of Fs; stigma oval, brown, encircling a small
yellow spot ; elsewhere on disk the brown spots smaller, tending to be confluent ;
veins yellow, darker in the patterned areas. Venation: Sc long, Sc, much ex-
ceeding Sc,, ending shortly before fork of Rs, the latter long, arcuated;
free tip of Sc, and A, in transverse alignment; vein &, outwardly decurved,
ending just before the wing apex; cell rst M, large, irregular, m being only
about one-third as long as the arcuated basal section of vein M4; m-cu at fork
of M.

Abdominal tergites weakly bicoloured, light brown, the posterior borders
narrowly yellowed, the amount of the latter decreasing on the outer segments ;
sternites chiefly pale yellow, the extreme bases darkened ; outer segments more
uniformly yellow. Ovipositor with the cerci small, slender, upcurved, ending
about on a level with the powerful hypovalvae, all valves acute at tips.

Holotype, 2, Kalinzu Forest, south-western UGANDA, January 1935 (Jackson).

The most similar species is Limonia (Limonia) ditior Alexander, which differs
in the venation and in the uniformly yellow halteres.

Limonia (Limonia) oligacantha sp. n. (Fig. 82)

Allied to zliterata; size medium (wing, about 10 mm.) ; mesonotum fulvous
yellow, the praescutum with two reddish brown intermediate stripes; halteres
blackened, the extreme base yellow ; femora black, the extreme apex and a vague

238 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

subterminal ring obscure yellow ; wings virtually unspotted, the cells of the basal
half clearer than those of the outer part ; Sc, longer than Sc,; male hypopygium
with the lobe of the ventral dististyle pale, with abundant delicate setae; two
rostral spines.

Male.—Length about 8-8-5 mm. ; wing I0-5—II mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, the apex of pedicel paler; basal
flagellar segments short-oval, the outer ones more elongate, shorter than the
verticils. Head black, sparsely pruinose; anterior vertex reduced to a narrow
strip that is less than one-half the diameter of scape.

Pronotum obscure fulvous yellow. Mesonotal praescutum fulvous yellow,
clearer yellow on sides, with two reddish brown intermediate stripes that are
separated by a capillary ground line, the lateral stripes obsolete ; scutum broadly
yellow medially, each lobe with a major brown area; scutellum yellow, vaguely
infuscated on sides; postnotum and pleura light yellow, the propleura vaguely
more darkened. Halteres blackened, the extreme base of stem yellow. Legs
with all coxae and trochanters yellow; femora blackened, the extreme apex and
a vague subterminal ring obscure yellow; remainder of legs brownish black to
black ; claws with a major spine at near midlength, with other smaller spinules.
Wings virtually unpatterned, the cells of basal half clearer than the outer parts ;
stigma oval, scarcely darker than the ground; veins light brown. Venation: Sc
long, Sc, a little longer than Sc,, ending shortly before fork of Rs; free tip of
Sc, and R, in transverse alignment; cell zst M, about as long as the distal
section of vein M,,.; m-cu close to fork of M. 5;

Abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites obscure yellow. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 86) with the tergite transverse, the posterior border convexly rounded, the
cephalic margin somewhat more angularly so. Dorsal dististyle near outer end
curved to the acute tip. Ventral dististyle smaller than the basistyle, the rostral
prolongation long and slender, narrowed outwardly, with two spines near the
base, these obliquely truncated at tips; lobe of style very pale, with abundant
delicate setae, those near apex longer and more conspicuous. Gonapophysis
with mesal-apical lobe relatively stout, straight, the tip obtuse.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENYA, 10,000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Paratopotypes, 2 3. Six further males in series.

Generally similar to Limonia (Limonia) igalensis Alexander and L. (L.)
wliterata Alexander, differing in coloration, venation, and details of the male

hypopygium.

Limonia (Limonia) platyterga sp. n. (Fig. 89)

Size relatively small (wing of male over 6 mm.) ; thorax yellow, the praescutum
with three virtually confluent brown stripes; pleura yellow; antennae of male
relatively long, if bent backward extending to beyond the wing root, flagellar

TIPULIDAE 239

segments cylindrical, with a dense erect pubescence additional to the relatively
short verticils; legs light brown, claws of male without denticles; wings with
a weak brownish tinge, the oval stigma barely differentiated ; Sc long, cell rst M,
rectangular, shorter than vein M, beyond it; male hypopygium with the tergite
very large, both the cephalic and caudal borders convexly rounded; dististyle
consisting of a small oval body, the rostral prolongation a long flattened blade,
its apex obtuse; gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe long and nearly straight,
narrowed to the darkened subacute tip.

Male.—Length about 5-5 mm.; wing 6-3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown,
flagellum black; relatively long in male, if bent backward extending to beyond
the wing root; flagellar segments cylindrical, much exceeding the verticils;
segments with a dense erect pubescence, additional to the verticils; terminal
segment subequal in length to the penultimate. Head dark brown, sparsely
pruinose ; anterior vertex narrow.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotal praescutum yellow, with three virtually con-
fluent brown stripes, the scutal lobes similarly darkened; posterior sclerites of
notum less infuscated. Pleura and pleurotergite yellow. Halteres with stem
pale brown, knob more infuscated. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow;
remainder of legs light brown, the outer tarsal segments darker; claws long and
only slightly curved, without spines; a basal tubercle bears two very long
setae. Wings with a weak brownish tinge, the oval stigma barely differentiated ;
veins brown. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending a short distance before fork of Rs,
Sc, close to its tip; free tip of Sc. and R, in transverse alignment; cell zst M,
rectangular, shorter than vein M,; m-cu about one-third its length beyond
fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium a little paler. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 89) with the tergite, ¢, very large, transversely suboval, the caudal border
gently convex, the cephalic margin very strongly so; setae sparse, restricted to
the outer half. Basistyle with ventromesal lobe broad, with abundant setae.
Dististyle, d, consisting of a small oval body, with relatively few setae and a
conspicuous bladelike rostrum, its apex obtuse. Gonapophysis, g, with the mesal-
apical lobe long and nearly straight, narrowed to the darkened subacute tip.
Aedeagus relatively broad, terminating in two rounded dusky lobes with rela-
tively few pale punctures.

Holotype, 3, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8000-9000 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton).

In its general appearance, this fly is much like other regional members of the
subgenus, differing most evidently in the structure of the male hypopygium,
particularly the tergite and dististyle. In the key, it runs to the vicinity of
Limonia (Limonia) submendica Alexander and L. (L.) uniaculeata, sp. n., which
are probably as nearly allied as other described forms.

240 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Limonia (Limonia) rhanteria (Alexander) (Plate X XVII, fig. 199)
Limnobia vhantevia Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 6-7; 1920.

UGANDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 10,200 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards). KENYA: Mount Elgon, 10,500-11,500 ft., in
heath zone, February 1935 (Edwards); Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range,
8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards). Twenty-eight further specimens in series.

The types were from various stations in Uganda and Kenya. The wing of the
holotype is shown (Fig. 199).

Limonia (Limonia) shawi (Alexander) (Fig. 90)
Dicranomyia shawi Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 5: 306-307; 1920.

UcGanbDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 6500-8300 ft., December
1934-January 1935 (Edwards). KENyA: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range,
8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards).

The species is wide-spread throughout eastern and south-eastern Africa, into
Southern Rhodesia and Natal.

The species shows a considerable range in size and coloration. In some
specimens, the yellow femoral tips are much broader and more conspicuous than
in others. Similarly the wing pattern, especially the dark seaming of the veins
beyond the cord, varies much in degree and intensity.

Male hypopygium (Fig. 90) with the caudal margin of tergite, ¢, truncate or
virtually so. Ventromesal lobe of basistyle simple, large and low. Dististyle, d,
consisting of a low oval body, the outer part of which is densely setiferous, the
margin farther produced into a tail-like structure that is similarly densely
hairy; rostral prolongation a long gently curved compressed blade, its apex a
short decurved point; spines four, more rarely five, straight and acute, arranged
in a single straight row along outer margin of blade near base; cephalic-mesal
angle of dististyle slightly produced into an obtuse darkened lobe. Gonapophysis
with mesal-apical lobe long and conspicuous, narrowed outwardly. Apex of
aedeagus shallowly bifid.

Limonia (Limonia) subapicalis Alexander (Plate X XVII, fig. 201)

Limonia subapicalis Alexander; Rept. Harvard Afr. Exped., 2: 1007; 1930. (Re-naming

of Limonia capensis Alexander, preoccupied.)

UGANDA: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 6500—10,200 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 10,500-
11,500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton). Twelve others in series.

The three large-sized species that centre around Limonia (Limonia) rhizosema
Speiser, including also the present species and L. (L.) vilhelmi Alexander, have a
confused status and synonymy that is considered in the paper cited above. The

TIPULIDAE 241

wing is shown (Fig. 201). Edwards wrote concerning these species the following
field observations: ‘‘ The large and medium-sized species of the rhizosema group
are puzzling. I feel sure there are at least two species, but they seem to run
together. All these species with highly ornamented wings were taken on mossy
tree-trunks, both in the mountain-forest and heath-forest zones ; in the intermedi-
ate bamboo zone they were replaced by species like uniflava so I expected that
the ornate species of the lower and upper zones would be distinct but they do not
seem to be.”’

Limonia (Limonia) subapicalis perpallens ssp. n.

Very close to the typical form, differing in details of coloration.

Male.—Length about 12-13 mm.; wing 13°5-I4 mm.

Female.—Length about 14 mm. ; wing 13 mm.

Praescutal stripes reddish brown, the intermediate pair becoming obsolete in
front ; extreme cephalic border of praescutum with a darker brown median dash ;
dark pattern of scutal lobes and mediotergite more intense. Dark femoral ring
narrow, about three times its length before the tip. Wing pattern very pale but
with the same general arrangement as in the typical form. Male hypopygium
with three the rostral spines; outer lobe of ventral dististyle relatively short, the
setae widely separated.

Holotype, 3, Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5500-—
7500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratype,
3, Mount Sabinio, Kigezi Province, south-western Uganda, 10,000-11,000 ft.,
November 1934 (Edwards). One further male in series.

Limonia (Limonia) submendica tuberculifera ssp. n. (Fig. 88)

Characters generally as in the typical form, the hypopygium (Fig. 88)
slightly different. Lobes of dististyle, d, shorter, especially in the type, scarcely
half as long as the very slender rostral prolongation, the latter with a well
defined tubercle on its lower margin. Gonapophysis, g, with mesal-apical lobe
stouter. The paratype is somewhat intermediate between the typical form and
the type of the present race, the lobes of the dististyle being very unequal, one
being nearly twice as long as the other.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Paratypes, 1 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori
Range, 10,200 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards); 1 3, Elizabethville,
Katanga, BELGIAN ConcGo, April I-5, 1933 (Charles Seydel). Twenty-five
additional specimens in series.

Typical submendica was described from the Cameroons. I am describing and
figuring the type, in order to provide comparisons with the race above described.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 91) with the tergite semicircular in outline, the posterior

3

242 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

border convexly rounded, the median area not or scarcely notched; setae rela-
tively sparse, with about a dozen on either side. Basistyle with ventral mesal
lobe large, simple, with very conspicuous setae on face near base, those at and
near apex shorter, some retrorse. A single dististyle, d, the main body pro-
foundly divided into two slender gently divergent lobes of nearly equal size, the
inner lobe a little narrower; rostral prolongation very long and slender (apex
broken on both styles of the unique type). Gonapophysis with mesal-apical
lobe slender, nearly straight, narrowed to the acute tip.

Limonia (Limonia) uniaculeata sp. n. (Fig. 92)

General coloration yellow, patterned with brown, including three praescutal
stripes, additional to the darkened lateral borders; a brown pleural stripe; legs
yellow, the outer segments brown; wings subhyaline, stigma pale brown; Sc
relatively short, Sc, ending about opposite midlength of Rs; abdominal tergites
brownish black, sternites yellow with darkened posterior borders; male hypo-
pygium with the dististyle profoundly divided into two lobes, the outer cylindrical
and fleshy, the inner a more slender sclerotised spine.

Male.—Length about 6:5 mm.; wing 7-5 mm.

Rostrum brownish black, about one-third the length of remainder of head;
palpi black. Antennae of moderate length, black throughout; flagellar segments
oval to long-oval, narrowed apically into short glabrous necks; terminal segment
elongate. Head brownish grey; anterior vertex reduced to a narrow strip.

Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotal praescutum yellow, with three brown
stripes that are closely approximated, the lateral margins narrowly darkened,
leaving an extensive yellow ground area between it and the discal darkening;
scutal lobes dark brown, the median area paler; scutellum dark brown; medio-
tergite darkened, paler laterally ; pleurotergite yellow, the ventral part darkened.
Pleura yellow, with a dark brown longitudinal stripe extending from the pro-
pleura to the abdomen, passing beneath the root of the halteres; ventral sterno-
pleurite more weakly darkened. Halteres relatively long, stem pale, knob
darkened. Legs with the coxae yellow, the fore pair darkened; trochanters
yellow; remainder of legs yellow, the outer tarsal segments passing into dark
brown. Wings subhyaline, stigma oval, pale brown; veins brown. Venation:
Sc relatively short, Sc, ending about opposite midlength of Rs, Sc.ashort distance
from its tip; m-cu a short distance before fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brownish black; sternites obscure yellow, the posterior
borders broadly darkened; eighth segment and ninth tergite whitened; styli
brownish black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 92) with the caudal margin of the tergite,
t, very shallowly emarginate, the lobes very low and obtuse. Basistyle with the
ventromesal lobe nearly apical in position, relatively small, with conspicuous
setae. A single dististyle, d, that is profoundly split into two parts of nearly

TIPULIDAE 243

equal length; outer portion a fleshy cylindrical lobe that is provided with con-
spicuous setae that become very long at apex; inner arm a curved black spine;
a strong puncture at base of style, evidently bearing a strong modified seta or
spinous seta, broken in the unique type. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe
obliquely truncated at apex. Aedeagus bifid at tip.

Holotype, 3, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Limonia (Limonia) uniaculeata is readily told from other generally similar
forms by the structure of the male hypopygium, notably the dististyle.

Limonia (Limonia) uniflava (Riedel)
Limnobia uniflava Riedel; Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afrique Orientale (1911-1912),
Ins. Dipt., 1, Nematocera polyneura, p. 75; 1914.

UcanpDA: Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 7300 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards), several in series. The type was from Bihunga, on
Ruwenzori, taken in the lower forests in 1909 by Alluaud.

The male hypopygium is of the type found in rhizosema and others of the
group. Setae of the lobe of the ventral dististyle of the male hypopygium united
into a single fasciculate bristle.

Limonia (Limonia) vilhelmi Alexander

Limonia vilhelmi Alexander; Arkiv fér Zoologi, 16, no. 18: 2-3; 1924.

UGANDA: Mount Mgahinga, Kigezi Province, 10,000-11,000 ft., November
1934 (Edwards).

The type was from Mount Mikeno, Birunga, altitude 3100 metres, collected in
March 1921 by Gyldenstolpe, while a member of Prince William’s Expedition to
East Africa (see Among Pygmies and Gorillas, by Prince William of Sweden,
pp. 296; E. P. Dutton and Company, New York).

Limonia (Limonia) woqsnami (Alexander) (Fig. 93)

Dicranomyia woosnami Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 3-4; 1920.

UGANDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Several others in series. BELGIAN Conco: Elizabethville,
March 26, 1933 (Seydel).

The type was from Kericho, Kenya, 5500 ft., taken in November 1912, by
Woosnam. The wing of the holotype is shown (Fig. 93).

Antocha Osten Sacken
Antocha Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859: 219; 1859.

244 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Fics. 93—102.—Limoniinae, wings of type specimens. (93) Limonia (L.) woosnamt; (94)

Helius (H.) cacoxenus; (95) Dicrvanoptycha atricoloy; (96) Helius (H.) iris; (97) Pseudolimno-

phila (Calolimnophila) vex; (98) Pseudolimnophila (P.) senex; (99) Limnophila difficilis;

(100) Tventepohlia (Parvamongoma) nigeriensis; (101) Trentepohlia (Mongoma) albilatissima;
(102) Tventepohlia (Mongoma) metatarsatra.

Subgenus Orimargula Mik
Orimargula Mik; Wien. Entomol. Zeitg., 2: 198; 1883.

The genus Antocha is an exceedingly distinct genus with a Holarctic distribu-
tion, with a few species occurring to the southward in the Oriental and Ethiopian

TIPULIDAE 245

Regions. The latter all fall in the subgenus Orimargula, a very weak offshoot of
the typical form that is maintained as distinct only with difficulty. It is based on
the venational characters of an open cell M, and the retracted m-cu, features that
are found in some members of the typical subgenus in Eastern Asia.

Key To ANTOCHA—ORIMARGULA

1. Antennae of male eee exceeding one-half the length of the wing.

(Cameroons) . : longicornis ia ear
Antennae short in both sexes, not or scarcely longer than the head : 2

2. Wings whitish subhyaline, with a small but evident brown stigmal area.
(Kenya; Tanganyika) - é : : : : : delibata Riedel
Wings without a stigmal darkening. : 3

3. Size small (wing about 5 mm.); wings pecans darkened: tie preatcular region
yellowed; veins pale. (Southern Ethiopia) ; gvisetpennis (Alexander)

Size larger (wing 6 mm. or more); wings not or but weakly darkened, in the
latter case not yellowed at base : 5 4

4. Wings milky; claws (male) with about six major spines; male ‘hypopygium with
the posterior emargination of the tergite bearing a small central lobe;
dististyles pale, their basal fusion slight; gonapophysis appearing as a
small pale blade. (Uganda) : : multispina, sp. Nn.
Wings with a smoky tinge, the veins dark; claws (male) ‘with four major spines;
male hypopygium with the posterior emargination of the tergite without
a central lobe; dististyles extensively fused basally, the outer style
blackened; gonapophysis a slender darkened rod. (Kenya) nigvistyla, sp. n.

Antocha (Orimargula) delibata Riedel

Antocha delibata Riedel; Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afrique Orientale (1911-1912), Ins.
Dipt., m1, Nematocera polyneura, pp. 78-79, Fig. 6 (wing); 1914.
Kenya: Thompson’s Falls, Aberdare Range, 7000 ft., October 1934
(Edwards). One additional female in series.
The lectotype male was from Kilema, Kilimandjaro, Tanganyika, at 1440
metres; additional type material from stations in Kenya.

Antocha (Orimargula) multispina sp. n. (Fig. 112)

Size above medium (wing, male, 6 mm.); general coloration of mesonotum
buffy grey, the praescutum with three brown stripes; claws of male with about
six Major spines; wings milky, veins light brown.

Male.—Length about 5:5 mm.; wing 6 mm.; antenna about I mm.

Female.—Length about 6:5 mm.; wing 7-5 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennae of male short;
scape brownish yellow, pedicel black, flagellum brown; basal flagellar segment
about one-half longer than the second, intermediate segments oval; terminal
segment relatively long, about one-half longer than the penultimate ; verticils
longer than the segments. Head grey ; anterior vertex about two and one-half
times the diameter of scape.

246 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Cervical region and pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum buffy
grey on sides, the disk with three brown stripes that are a trifle darker than the
interspaces; scutal lobes brown, the mid-area, with the scutellum and central
part of the mediotergite grey pruinose. Pleura reddish brown dorsally and on
ventral sternopleurite, the intermediate pleurites a little darker. Halteres with
stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae reddish brown; trochanters
yellow; remainder of legs light brown, the outer tarsal segments a trifle darker ;
claws of male with an unusual number of spines, there being six longer ones, with
one or two reduced basal spinules. Wings milky, unpatterned; veins pale
brownish yellow to light brown. Macrotrichia on veins Rk to M, inclusive. Vena-
tion: Cell M, about twice its petiole; m-cu about one and one-half times its
length before fork of M.

Abdomen of male, including hypopygium, medium brown, in female, with the
intermediate sternites more bicoloured, obscure yellow with darkened borders.
Ovipositor with the shields yellow, valves slender. Male hypopygium (Fig.
112) with the tergite, ¢, transverse but relatively broad, the posterior border
gently emarginate and with a small setiferous central cushion ; median strengthen-
ing bars Y-shaped. Both dististyles, d, pale, basal fusion relatively slight ; base
of outer style microscopically setuliferous; inner style a little longer. Gonapo-
physis appearing as a relatively short flattened pale blade.

Holotype, 3, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4000 ft., December
1934—-January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9.

The comparisons with Antocha (Orimargula) nigristyla, sp.n., have been given
in the key. .

Antocha (Orimargula) nigristyla sp. n. (Fig. 113)

Size large (wing, male, 7 mm.); general coloration of mesonotum brownish
grey, the praescutum with two nearly confluent intermediate stripes; claws of
male with four major spines; wings with a smoky tinge, veins dark.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 7 mm.; antenna about I mm.

Rostrum and palpi relatively long, black. Antennae short, black; basal
flagellar segments oval, the outer ones passing into subglobular; verticils incon-
spicuous. Head brownish grey; anterior vertex broad.

Pronotum and cervical region brownish black, the scutellum a little brightened
laterally. Mesonotal praescutum brownish grey, with two nearly confluent
intermediate brown stripes, vaguely separated by a pale line, humeral region
reddened, lateral borders grey; posterior sclerites of notum dark brown. Pleura,
including the dorsopleural membrane, dark brown. Halteres with stem dirty
white, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters brownish testa-
ceous; femora brown, a little paler basally; tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black;
vestiture of legs short and dense, arranged in more or less regular spiral or
transverse rows; claws long and unusually straight, with four well developed

TIPULIDAE 247

spines and two small basal spinules. Wings with a smoky or dusky tinge, stigma
lacking ; veins brown. Conspicuous macrotrichia on outer half of vein FR, almost
to base of distal section of R,,;, and on all branches of M. Venation: R, and
m-cu in transverse alignment; petiole of cell M, very short, subequal to or less
than the basal section of M,, ».

Abdomen, including hypopygium, black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 113) with
the tergite, ¢, transverse, the posterior border nearly truncate, with the bare
indication of a median emargination; setae near the midarea decussate. Disti-
styles, d, united on about the proximal half, outer style blackened, narrowed to
the acute tip; inner style a little longer, at apex with strong setae. Gonapo-
physis a slender darkened rod, the tip obtuse.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENyA, 8000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards).

The most similar species is Antocha (Orimargula) multispina, sp. n., which is
separated by the characters given in the key.

Helius St. Fargeau

Helius St. Fargeau; Encycl. Method., Index, p. 831; 1825.
Rhamphidia Meigen; Syst. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins., 6: 281; 1830.

The genus Helius is well represented in the Ethiopian Region, including
Madagascar. A well-marked subgeneric group, Rhamphidioides, with two
described species, is restricted to the area, while still other groups of somewhat
peculiar forms occur, the latter including a weak subgenus, Rhamphidina, and
two other isolated species, dugaldi and edwardsianus. It is certain that many
further species in this genus remain to be discovered.

Key To HELiIus

1. Cell M, open by atrophy of m . c : 3 : 3 : : : 2
Cell rst M, closed :
2. m-cu hee fork of M; branches of Rs strongly ‘divergent, cell Re at margin
- fully three times as extensive as cell Ry. (Subgenus Rhamphidina
Alexander). (Cameroons) : : camerounensis (Alexander)
m-cu beyond fork of M; branches of Rs nearly parallel to one another at origin,
gently diverging, cell R, at margin only a little more extensive than
cell R,. (Sierra Leone) . . imperfecta (Alexander)
3. Veins Sc, aa R, not widely separated at aps, the distance between them
=yojanostacr ake as long as m-cu; Sc, far from tip of Sc,, before midlength
of Rs; m-cu before fork of M. (Subgenus Rhamphidioides Alexander). 4
Veins Sc, and R, widely separated at margin, the distance between them
greater than m-cu; Sc, close to tip of Sc,; m-cu at or beyond fork of M.
(Subgenus Helius St. Fargeau) 5
4. Antennae brown, the basal four segments yellow: ‘legs peo the tips of tibiae
and the tarsi white; wings with cell rs¢ MM, small, shorter than vein M,;
abdominal segments annulated brown ari yellow. (Cameroons)
venustissimus (Alexander)
Antennae black throughout; legs brown; wings with cell rst M, large, longer
than vein 7 ,; abdominal tergites uniformly brown. (Uganda) alluaudi (Riedel)

248

10.

BA

TZ:

133

14.

15.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings with a brown pattern, other than the stigmal darkening or infuscated

wing tip C : : é 6
Wings without dark pattern, exceopane the stigma or wing tip : , 10
Wing pattern conspicuous, including a large darkened area at origin of Rs d a
Wing pattern more restricted, including chiefly a broad dark band at cord,

with no marking at origin of Rs 3 : z : 9
Veins R,,, and M,,, fused for a distance, obliterating » y-m; (dale hypopygium

with a single dististyle). (Uganda) . : F : edwardsianus, sp. n.
y-m distinct. é : : ; : : ; 3 ‘ ; 8

Size large (wing over 8 mm. ); no dark bands or spots in outer radial field, at most

with a dusky shading; male hypopygium with the usual two dististyles.
(Uganda; Kenya; Southern Rhodesia; Transvaal; Natal) capensis (Alexander)

Size small (wing under 6 mm.); conspicuously darkened clouds in outer radial

field, especially at tip of anterior branch of Rs; male hypopygium with

a single dististyle that forks near tip. (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia)
dugaldi Alexander

Darkened wing pattern restricted to the stigma and a seam over the anterior

cord; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a simple blade that is
dilated outwardly, its tip obliquely truncate. (Kenya) lunigerus (Riedel)

Darkened wing pattern slightly more extensive, including the above, as well as

narrow seams over outer end of cell rst M., arculus and wing tip; male

hypopygium with the outer dististyle conspicuously forked at apex.

(Uganda; Kenya) . : A é : bifurcus, sp. n.
Rostrum relatively short, Fpnoramamiely twice as long as the head, or less. II
Rostrum long and slender, if bent backward eas ea 2 SPS hae to the

root of the halteres F 16
Basal section of vein R,,,; long, approximately one- fone as long as Rs, or more.

(Belgian Congo; Uganda; Kenya) . : : brevisectoy, sp. n.
Basal section of R,,,; short, approximately one- fourth as long as Rs, or less. 12
Size large (wing over 8 mm.). (Cameroons; Uganda) . flavitaysis (Alexander)
Size smaller (wing 7mm. or less) ~< . : : : 13
General coloration pale brownish yellow, including the rane veins yellow,

especially in costal field. (Cameroons) : : He es (Alexander)
General coloration dark brown; wing veins dark brown : 14

Wings with cell rst M, small, short-rectangular to nearly Square in outline!
distinctly shorter than vein M,; m shorter than basal section of M3.

(Uganda; Southern Rhodesia) . : paramorosus (Mieeanden)
Wings with cell rst /, longer, Sapeccommeaias Sabequall to or longer than vein
M,; m longer fan basal section of M, : : 15

Costal Berdes of wing darker than the disk, approximately ‘Goncolorous with
the stigma; cell R, opposite end of vein R,,, very narrow, approximately
one-half v-m; m ane second section of M,,, subequal. (Sierra Leone)
morosus (Alexander)
Costal border not markedly more darkened than the disk; cell R, opposite end
of the vein R,,,. subequal in width to v-m; m about one-half as long as
the second section of vein M,,.. (Cameroons) . submorosus (Alexander)
Wing apex conspicuously and extensively darkened; stigma large . a‘ ° 17
Wing apex not or only vaguely darkened; (in subobsoletus with a narrow
darkening in cell R, only); stigma small, not reaching the anterior branch
of Rs behind . : : : é : : : : : 18
Size large (wing, female, 7 mm. ); mesonotal praescutum and scutum black,
scutellum, postnotum and pleura orange-yellow; wing, Fig. 96. (Uganda)
ivis (Alexander)
Size smaller (wing, female, 5 mm.); mesonotum black throughout, the pleura
slightly paler, dark brown; wing, Fig. 94. (Liberia; Southern Nigeria)
cacoxenus (Alexander)

TIPULIDAE 249

18. Size large (wing approximately 7 mm., rostum 2 mm. or more); Sc long, Sc,

ending beyond y-m. (Uganda) A - : 5 . vostvatus, sp. n.
Size smaller (wing not more than 6 mm., rostrum less than 2 mm.); Se a little
shorter, Sc, ending opposite or shortly before y-m : 9 19

19. No darkened seam at wing margin in cell R,; size larger (wing, feniale. 5" 7 mm.) ;
rostrum very long, female, 1-8 mm., nearly equal to the combined head
and thorax. (Sierra Leone) : obsoletus (Alexander)
Wing apex in cell R, narrowly darkened, costal border pe size smaller (wing,
female, ede: 5 mm.); rostrum shorter, female, 1-3 mm., about as long
as the thorax alone. (Cameroons) . : : subobsolelus (Alexander)

Helius (Helius) bifurcus sp. n. (Figs. 103 and 108)

Size large (wing, male, 7-5 mm. or more); general coloration yellow, the
praescutum with a brown central stripe, median area of scutum and posterior
sclerites of notum dark brown; femora weakly infuscated, tips blackened; wings
whitish, patterned with brown; cell zst M, large, rectangular; abdominal seg-
ments bicolorous, darkened basally, the broad apices yellow; subterminal
segments darkened, hypopygium yellow; male hypopygium with outer dististyle
bifurcate.

Male.—Length, including rostrum, 8 mm.; wing 7-5-8 mm.; rostrum alone
about I-I-I mm.

Female.—Length about 10-5 mm.; wing 9 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black, the former fully twice the remainder of head.
Antennae short, about as long as rostrum; scape and pedicel black, flagellum
light brown; flagellar segments suboval, becoming more elongate outwardly, the
verticils long. Head darkened behind, the anterior vertex and orbits light grey,
former narrow, about equal in width to the scape.

Cervical region brownish black. Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal praescutum
yellow to buffy yellow, with a single brown central stripe ; median area of scutum
similarly darkened, the outer half of each lobe yellow; scutellum and mediotergite
dark brown, the sides of the latter, with the parascutella and pleurotergite more
yellowed. Propleura light yellow, remainder of pleura weakly more infuscated.
Halteres with stem light yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with all coxae and tro-
chanters light yellow; femora weakly infuscated, especially basally, a little more
brightened before the conspicuous blackened tips; tibiae and tarsibrown. Wings
(Fig. 103) whitish, patterned with brown, including darker seams at stigma and
over the cord, narrower on the posterior cord and outer end of cell rst M,.; wing
tip and a restricted area at and near arculus paler brown; a small brown spot at
end of vein R,; veins beyond cord brown, darker in the patterned areas, basad of
cord more yellowed. Venation: Basal section of R,,; and 7-m shortened; cell
tst M, large, rectangular, subequal in length to distal section of M,,,; m-cu
variable in position, from about one-fourth to more than one-third its length
beyond the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites conspicuously bicoloured, the basal two-fifths dark brown,

250 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

the broader apex yellow; subterminal segments more uniformly darkened, form-
ing a ring that is more extensive in the male; sternites less distinctly bicoloured,
the darkened bases narrower, genital segment and ovipositor yellow; cerci long
and slender, the narrow tips obtuse. Male hypopygium (Fig. 108) with the mesal
lobe of basistyle, 6, long and conspicuous. Dististyles, d, terminal, the outer
style conspicuously forked, the arms slightly unequal, blackened, incurved to
appear like a forceps; inner style with more than the basal half dilated, the outer
margin with a series of strong setae from raised papillae; outer end of style
produced into a long slender spine, the tip subacute; at base of this narrowed
part on outer margin with a small lobe or tubercle. Gonapophysis with the
terminal blade very long and straight, narrowed to an acute spine. Aedeagus,
a, long and straight, very gradually narrowed.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., in small swamp,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratype, 3, Elgon
sawmill, Mount Elgon, KENyA, 2470 metres, December 1932 (Omo Expedition).
Three further specimens in Ruwenzori series.

Allied and generally similar to Helius (Helius) lunigerus (Riedel), differing as
indicated in the key.

Helius (Helius) brevisector sp. n. (Figs. 105 and 109)

General coloration obscure yellow, the pronotum and praescutum with a
conspicuous brown central stripe; antennae black throughout, about one-fourth
longer than the rostrum; wings subhyaline, unpatterned except for the scarcely
indicated stigma; Sc relatively short, Rs short, approximately twice the long
basal section of R,,;; distal section of R,,, deflected strongly caudad to beyond
the wing tip, cell , wide at margin; cell rst M, large ; male hypopygium with the
outer dististyle blackened at outer end, the apex shallowly emarginate; blade
of gonapophysis produced into a hairlike point.

Male.—Length, including rostrum, about 7 mm. ; wing 7 mm.; rostrum about
o-g mm.

Female.—Length, including rostrum, about 8 mm.; wing 7:5 mm.; rostrum
about I mm.

Rostrum black, from one-third to one-half times longer than remainder of
head; palpi black. Antennae black throughout, scape more pruinose; outer
flagellar segments long-oval, subequal to the verticils; antenna about one-fourth
longer than the rostrum. Head grey, centre of posterior vertex more infuscated,
anterior vertex paler.

Pronotum brownish yellow, broadly infuscated medially. Mesonotal
praescutum obscure yellow, with a conspicuous brown central stripe; posterior
sclerites of notum yellowed, the scutal lobes, scutellum and mediotergite pat-
terned with darker. Pleura yellow. Halteres yellow, knob slightly darker. Legs

TIPULIDAE 251

103

104

105

107 106

Fics. 103-113.—Wings and male hypopygia of Helius (Helius) spp., Amphilimnobia and

Antocha (Orimargula). (103) H. bifuycus; (104) H. rostvatus; (105) H. byvevisectoy; (106) H.

edwardsianus; (107) Amphilimnobia leucopeza; (108) H. bifurcus; (109) H. brevisector;

(t10) H. edwardsianus; (111) H. vostvatus; (112) Antocha multispina; (113) Antocha nigristyla.
a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; ¢, tergite.

with coxae yellow, the fore pair slightly darker in front; trochanters yellow;
femora obscure yellow, with a narrow brown ring at or virtually at the tip;
tibiae and tarsi light brown to yellowish brown. Wings (Fig. 105) subhyaline, the
stigma very faintly to scarcely darker; veins pale brown, more yellowed in the
prearcular field. Venation: Sc relatively short, Sc, ending nearly opposite

252 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

mid-length of Rs, Sc, near its tip; Rs short, basal section of k4,, unusually long,
approximately one-half Rs; distal section of R,,, deflected strongly caudad to
beyond the wing tip, cell R, wide at margin; v-m short; cell rst M, large, about
as long as the distal section of M,,.; m-cu close to fork of M, in cases just before
or beyond.

Abdominal tergites brown medially, more yellowed on sides; sternites
obscure yellow; a narrow black subterminal ring; hypopygium yellow, the styli
blackened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 109) with the basistyle, b, produced into two
lobes on mesal face at base, one lobe conspicuously setiferous. Both dististyles, d,
terminal, outer style nearly straight, its distal third blackened, shallowly emar-
ginate at apex to produce two small teeth; inner style longer, sigmoid, gradually
narrowed to the obtuse tip; setae from small inconspicuous basal punctures or
tubercles. Gonapophysis with the blade extended at apex into a hair-like point.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENYA, 8000 ft., in swamp,
October 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2, with the type. Paratypes, 1 3, Fort
Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft., December 1934—January 1935
(Edwards); 1 3, Elizabethville, BELGIAN Conco, March 2, 1933 (Seydel). Six
further specimens in series.

This fly is readily told from all other regional species by the venation, especially
the short Rs and the unusually long basal section of R,,;.

Helius (Helius) capensis (Alexander)
Rhamphidia capensis Alexander; Ann. S. African Mus., 17: 145-146; 1917.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Kilembe, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards); Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., December 1934—January 1935
(Edwards); Bwamba Pass (west side), 5500-7500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). KENYA: Chania Falls, Aberdare Range, 4000 ft., October 1934
(Edwards); many among buttress roots of large Ficus by water’s edge, others
close to the river on rocks. Twelve further specimens in series.

Helius (Helius) edwardsianus sp. n. (Figs. 106 and 110)

Size small (wing, male, about 4 mm.) ; mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow,
with three brown stripes, posterior sclerites of notum dark brown; pleura dark,
with a greyish white longitudinal stripe; halteres pale yellow; legs brown, the
extreme tip of femur white; wings whitish subhyaline, with a handsome brown
pattern ; v-m obliterated by fusion of veins R,,; and M,,,; abdominal segments
brown, variegated by yellow; male hypopygium with a single dististyle that
terminates in a long slender rod, with a trituberculate lobe on outer margin at
near midlength.

Male.—Length about 4 mm.; wing 4-4-2 mm.

Rostrum black, about one-half longer than the remainder of head; palpi

TIPULIDAE 253

black. Antennae black; outer flagellar segments elongate, with very long
verticils. Head black, sparsely pruinose ; anterior vertex relatively narrow.

Cervical region brownish black. Pronotum obscure buffy yellow above,
darker on sides. Mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow, with three conspicuous
brown stripes, the central one widened on posterior half; pseudosutural foveae
large and conspicuous, pale; scutal lobes and posterior sclerites of notum dark
brown, the central region of scutum narrowly yellow. Pleura chiefly dark brown,
with a greyish white longitudinal stripe. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the
coxae dark brown; trochanters slightly paler; femora brown, slightly darker
outwardly, the extreme tip white; tibiae brown, tarsi somewhat paler. Wings
(Fig. 106) whitish subhyaline, the prearcular field a trifle more yellowed; a
conspicuous brown pattern that includes spots at arculus, origin of Rs, reaching
M behind, stigma and confluent seams over cord, tip of anterior branch of Rs, and
a further area near wing tip, crossing cell A, near its outer end and Rk; beyond
midlength; outer end of cell rst M, narrowly darkened; veins pale, darker in the
clouded areas. Venation: Sc short, Sc, ending about opposite two-thirds the
length of Rs, the latter angulated or strongly arcuated at origin; tip of anterior
branch of Rs upcurved, cell Rk, at margin very wide; 7-m obliterated by fusion
of veins R,,; and M,,,; cell rst M, large, with m-cu at near midlength.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, second to fourth with their bases slightly
paler; sternites dark brown, with a conspicuous circular discal pale yellow spot,
with further smaller pale spots at each anterior lateral angle; hypopygium
blackened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 110) with a single dististyle, d, that is about
two-thirds as long as the basistyle but more slender, especially the outer two-
thirds; at near midlength on outer margin with a strong trituberculate lobe, each
tubercle with a single subterminal seta; setae of disk small and sparse. Gonapo-
physis appearing as a yellow glabrous blade, narrowed to an acute spinous point
directed caudad. Aedeagus slender, with a single opening.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotype, a broken 4.

The closest relative of the present fly is the larger Helius (Helius) dugaldi
Alexander, of Southern Rhodesia, which has the structure of the male hypo-
pygium somewhat the same, differing in the details, and in the venation, as the
longer Sc and retention of the 7-m crossvein. The species is dedicated to the
memory of the collector, outstanding Dipterologist of his time.

Helius (Helius) flavitarsis (Alexander)
Rhamphidia flavitaysis Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 5: 55-56; 1920.
UcanDaA: A series of four specimens from the Budongo Forest and Entebbe,

December 1934 (Edwards). These specimens were determined by Edwards, none
being sent tome. The species had been known hitherto only from the Cameroons.

254 ’ RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Helius (Helius) paramorosus Alexander

Helius (Helius) pavamorosus Alexander; Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London (B), 18: 154-155;
1949.

UGANDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Kalinzu Forest, January 1935 (Jackson). Fifteen further
specimens in series.

The types were taken in the Chirinda Forest, Southern Rhodesia, by
Cuthbertson.

Helius (Helius) rostratus sp. n. (Figs. 104 and III)

Size medium (wing about 7 mm.) ; general coloration of thorax reddish brown
to dark brown; rostrum very long, if bent backward extending to beyond the
halteres ; wings with a weak brownish tinge, stigma narrow, only slightly invading
cell R,; cells R, and R, at margin subequal; m-cu nearly at midlength of cell
tst M,; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a blackened rod that narrows
to an acute spine.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 7 mm.; wing 6-8-7 mm.; rostrum
alone about 2-2-1 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black, the former very long, if bent backward extending

to beyond the halteres. Antennae black throughout, a little more than one-
half the rostrum; basal flagellar segments oval, the outer ones longer. Head
black; anterior vertex relatively narrow, about three times the diameter of the
scape. :
Cervical region and pronotum black. Mesonotal praescutum dark brown,
more blackened anteriorly, scutal lobes similarly darkened; posterior sclerites
of notum dark brown; the paratype has the thorax much paler, more reddish
brown. Pleura and pleurotergite somewhat paler, more liver-brown. Halteres
infuscated, base of stem restrictedly brightened. Legs with the coxae and
trochanters reddish brown; remainder of legs dark brown, the tarsi somewhat
paler brown or yellowish brown. Wings (Fig. 104) with a weak brownish tinge,
the prearcular and costal fields more yellowish brown; stigma long and narrow,
pale brown, not reaching beyond the cephalic third of cell R,; veins dark brown.
Costal fringe of male relatively short. Venation: Sc, ending beyond level of
y-m, Sc, at its tip; branches of Rs parallel to one another or virtually so except
at outer ends, cells R, and Rk, at margin equal in extent; m-cu at near midlength
of cell rst M,.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites paler brown; hypopygium brownish
yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 111) with the basistyle, 0, simple, without lobes ;
mesal face with abundant coarse black setae, larger and more numerous than
on outer face. Dististyles terminal, outer style a curved black rod, narrowed
very gradually to a simple acute point; inner style about as long, its outer third

TIPULIDAE: 255

narrowed; setae relatively sparse, especially so on outer surface; no basal
tubercles. Aedeagus long, flattened, slightly twisted near outer end.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935, resting on tree-trunks (Edwards). Paratopotype,
I g. Four further males in series.

The present fly is most like Helius (Helius) obsoletus (Alexander), differing
in size and in details of coloration and venation. The male sex of obsoletus is
still unknown to me.

Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken
Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859: 217; 1859.

In addition to the regional species included in the accompanying key,
attention is called to the more numerous species found in Madagascar, all
entirely distinct from the various continental forms.

Key to DICRANOPTYCHA

1. General coloration dark brown or black; legs black or brownish black; wings
strongly suffused with brown :
General coloration yellow or light brown; legs yellow (not known in n confluens)
wings suffused with greyish yellow or pale brown % 3
2. General coloration deep shiny black, this colour including the coxae and
trochanters; vein M, beyond cell zst M, longer than this cell; size large
(wing about 12 ne wing, Fig. 95. (Ueanane Kenya) atvicoloy Alexander
General coloration dark brown, the coxae brown, trochanters yellow; remainder
of legs dark brown, the femoral bases paler; vein MM, beyond cell rst M,
shorter than this cell; size smaller (wing less than 9 mm.). (Extralimital:

nN

Natal) . ; : natalia Alexander
3. Wings with cell M, open by the atrophy of outer deflection of vein M3.
(Nyasaland) . . : : 5 confluens Alexander
Wings with cell rst M, closed j : 4
4. Legs with tips of neo narrowly but evidently feel oe (Danan yilea
Nyasaland) . : ; tvochanterata Speiser
Legs with femora entirely clear yellow. (Nigeria) ; : luteipes Alexander

Dicranoptycha atricolor Alexander (Fig. 95)
Dicranoptycha atricoloy Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 20-21; 1920.
Ucanpba: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). A total of seventeen specimens in series. The types were from

the Mabira Forest, Uganda, taken by Neave in 1911; further materials from
the same locality were taken in May and June 1922, by the late R. A. Dummer.

Orimarga Osten Sacken

Orimarga Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., 4: 120; 1869.

256 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Subgenus Protorimarga Alexander

Protovimarga Alexander; Rept. Harvard Afr. Exped., 2: 1010-1011; 1930.

Ovimarga has representatives in all major faunal areas but with very few
species so far discovered in Africa and the outlying islands, including Madagascar.
The status of Protoyimarga remains uncertain and it might better be maintained
as a distinct genus instead of a subgenus, as is here done.

KEY TO ORIMARGA

1. Wings broad, approximately three times as long as wide, conspicuously
patterned with dark brown; free tip of Sc, preserved; a supernumerary
crossvein in cell R,; femora blackened at tips, enclosing a narrow pale
subterminal ring. (Subgenus Pvotorvimarga Alexander). (Liberia)

bequaertiana Alexander
Wings narrow, approximately four to four and one-half times as long as wide,
unpatterned; free tip of Sc, lacking (in local species) ; no supernumerary
crossvein in cell #,; femora uniform in colour. eas Ovimarga

Osten Sacken) : 2

2. R,,. elongate, about twice Re: cell M, shorter ‘than jts petiole; “thorax and
abdomen ochreous grey. (Seychelles) : . fryert Edwards

R,,. short, subequal to or shorter than R,; cell M, longer than its petiole;
thorax not grey (except in HEE : 6 : 5 z 0 3 3
3. R,,, longer, subequal to R, é : : : : : 4
R442 very short, only about one-half as jong as Re (Uganda) . brevicula, sp. n.

4. Antennae moniliform, flagellar segments pabelenal Rs weakly angulated at
origin; general coloration of thorax reddish brown. (Cameroons)
monilis Alexander
Antennae with the flagellar segments slightly elongate, cylindrical, half again
as long as thick; Rs strongly arcuated at origin; general coloration of
thoracic notum grey. (Seychelles). 5 ; : 5 scolti Edwards

Orimarga (Orimarga) brevicula sp. n.

General coloration of thorax dark chestnut, the pleura and pleurotergite
yellow; legs light brown; wings subhyaline, veins brown, conspicuous; vein
R,,. unusually short, about one-half R,; cell M, deeper than its petiole.

Male.—Length about 3-6 mm.; wing 4-6 mm.

Female.—Length about 4:5 mm.; wing 5 mm.

Rostrum relatively long, nearly one-half the remainder of head, brownish
black; palpi black. Antennae short, black; flagellar segments oval. Head
dark plumbeous; anterior vertex broad, nearly five times the diameter of
scape.

Thoracic dorsum and propleura dark chestnut, the mesopleura, together
with the pleurotergite, abruptly yellow. Halteres with stem whitish, knob dark
brown. Legs with the fore coxae dark brown, remaining coxae and trochanters
more yellowed; remainder of legs light brown, darker in female. Wings sub-
hyaline; veins brown, conspicuous. Veins beyond cord with conspicuous

TIPULIDAE 257

macrotrichia. Venation: No trace of the free tip of Scy; R,,. unusually short,
about one-half R,; cell 1, deeper than its petiole.

Abdominal tergites brown, sternites and hypopygium more yellowed.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori
Range, December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Orimarga (Orimarga) brevicula is told from other regional members of the
genus by the characters given in the key. It appears to be closer to O. (0.)
monilis than to the other species considered.

LECHRIINI

A small tribe, centring around the Oriental-Australasian genus Lechria
Skuse, with its greatest development of species in the Orient. Three African
species have been discovered.

Xenolimnobia camerounensis Alexander—Cameroons.

Trichoneura (Ceratolimnobia) munrot (Alexander)—Southern Rhodesia;

Transvaal; Madagascar.
T. (Xipholimnobia) terebrina (Alexander)—Cameroons.

KEY TO THE LECHRIINI

1. Two branches of R reach the margin, R,,, and R, atrophied; free tip of Sc,

present but very short; cell M, open. : : Xenolimnobia Alexander
Three branches of # reach the margin, Sc, and R,,, atrophied, distal section
of R, elongate; cell rst M, closed. : : F : : : 2

2. Wings unpatterned; vertex without corniculus
Trichoneuva (Xipholimnobia Alexander)
Wings heavily patterned; anterior vertex produced into a low lobe or corniculus
Trichoneuva (Cevatolimnobia Alexander)

In the Lechrini, the free tip of Sc, and R,,, are commonly atrophied, pro-
ducing an appearance of vein R, extending more or less directly to the margin
through the long element R,. Recent accessions of new species have necessitated
a change in the interpretation of the radial field of the wing in this tribe and
what was formerly considered to represent R,,. is now believed to be the distal
section of vein k,, with R,,,. atrophied.

HEXATOMINI

The eight genera referred to this tribe at present known from Tropical
Africa are widespread throughout the region, particularly in the hilly and
mountainous sections. With the exception of Paradelphomyia and Pilaria, all
are likewise found in Madagascar, in most cases with numerous species.

258 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

KEY TO THE HEXATOMINI

1. Tibial spurs present . : : : : : : "0 é é ; 2
Tibial spurs lacking : 9
2. Antennal segments reduced in number, commonly six or seven in the male,
nine or ten in the female : : é 5 ; . Hexatoma
Antennal segments commonly 16 in number 5 : : 5
3. Outer cells of wing with macrotrichia; (cell 7, lacking) : . Paradelphomyia
No macrotrichia in wing cells; cell M, conmaonty preserved, lacking in Atarba
and Elephantomyia . : 4
4. Anterior arculus lacking; legs with flattened elongate scales, additional oe the
normal setae . A c Austrolimnophila
Anterior arculus preserved; legs without flattened scales : : : : 5
5. Two branches of radial sector . : : : : : : : 4 6

Three branches of Radial sector
6. Head produced into an elongate rostrum, equal ‘to or “exceeding « one- half the

length of body : : ‘ ‘ ‘ : Elephantomyia

Head not produced into a rostrum : 2 : é : : : Atarba

7. Head conspicuously narrowed behind : 3 : 5 : : & 8

Head not narrowed posteriorly . : : . : é : : Pilaria

8. Pronotum large and massive. Limnophila
Pronotum not as massive, the sides peo dace cephalad into lateral Jobes

Pseudolimnophila

g. Head produced into an elongate rostrum. : : . < Elephantomyia

Head not produced into arostrum é : , : : ; Atarba

Paradelphomyia Alexander

Adelphomyia of authors, nec Bergroth; Mittheil. Naturf. Ges. Bern fiir 1890: 134; 1891,
Oxydiscus de Meijere; Tijd. voor Ent., 56: 350; 1913; preoccupied.

Pavadelphomyia Alexander; Philippine Journ. Sci., 60: 184; 1936.

Oxyrvhiza de Meijere; Entomologische Berichten, 12, nos. 271-272: 68; 1946.

Rather numerous species occur throughout Tropical Africa, particularly in
the mountainous sections. Edwards notes that “‘this seems to be the dominant
Tipulid genus at high altitudes, some of the species being very abundant.
Hence I suspect that the wingless Hexatomine from high up on Ruwenzori
may be an Adelphomyia. It is curiously like Platylimnobia barnardi but the
thorax has an entirely different structure.’”’ The wingless species mentioned by
Edwards, upon microscopic study, proved to be a species of Austrolimnophila,
described hereinafter as A. buxtont, sp. n. The genus Platylimnobia mentioned
is restricted to South Africa. It was formerly placed in the Eriopterini but
more recent materials indicate that it is correctly assigned to the Limoniini.

Kry TO PARADELPHOMYIA

1. Wings with a conspicuous spotted or clouded pattern
Wings not or scarcely patterned, except for the more or less ‘darkened stigma:
in cases, as in brachyphallus and recurvans, with vague narrow darkened

hn

seams at origin of Rs and over the cord. : 5
2. Wings yellowish, patterned with grey, including a basal band extending from
vein R to the posterior border. (Sao Tomé) : : polysticta (Edwards)

Wings without such a basal darkening ‘ : : : : : : 3

TIPULIDAE 259

3. Wing pattern heavier, including evident darkened marginal areas at ends of

the veins é 4
Wing pattern restricted, ineleding area at origin ie Rs, cord and outer end of
cell rst M,; marginal areas small or lacking. (Uganda) ‘ alticola, sp. Nn.

4. Wing markings large but diffuse; general coloration of thorax black; femora
obscure brownish yellow, with a subterminal brownish black ring.

(Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia) . . vumbensis Alexander
Wing markings clearly delimited, their margins distinct: general coloration of
thorax reddish brown; femora obscure yellow. (Kenya) . aberdavica, sp. n.

5. Veins R, and R&, divergent, cell R, at margin narrower than cell R,; Rs shorter
and more arcuated, somewhat shorter than vein R,. (Uganda; Kenya)
ugandae (Riedel)
Veins R, and R, not so strongly divergent, the latter at outer end deflected
slightly cephalad, narrowing cell 2, which is subequal at margin to cell
R,; Rs longer, equal to or longer tien vein R, . j 6
6. Size larger (wing, male, 5-5 mm. or more); general coloration of thorax almost
uniformly dark brown; head light grey; male hypopygium with the
aedeagus elongate. (Uganda) . ‘ - vecurvans, sp. n.
Size small (wing, male, 5 mm.); general eoleration of thorax chestnut brown;
head black; male hypopygium with the aedeagus very short. (Uganda)
brachyphallus, sp. n.

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) aberdarica sp. n.

Size large (wing, female, 7 mm.) ; general coloration of thorax reddish brown,
the pseudosutural foveae blackened; femora obscure yellow; wings pale yellow,
with a clearly defined brown pattern.

Female.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae black throughout; proximal
flagellar segments crowded, the outer ones more elongate ; verticils conspicuous.
Head grey, with long coarse setae.

Pronotum reddish brown. Mesonotal praescutum reddish brown, not or
scarcely patterned; praescutum with the pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate
pits brownish black, conspicuous against the ground, the former long and
narrow; posterior sclerites of notum reddish brown, sparsely pruinose. Pleura
reddish brown ventrally, sparsely pruinose, the mesepisternum extensively
infuscated. Halteres with stem whitened, knob infuscated at apex. Legs with
coxae yellow, the fore pair somewhat darker; trochanters yellow; remainder of
legs obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments dark brown. Wings pale yellow,
with a conspicuous clearly-defined brown pattern, including besides the stigma
spots at origin of Rs, Scy, cord and outer end of cell rst M4, and a marginal series
of darkenings, largest on the Anal veins, the area at 2nd A larger than the one
at origin of Rs; veins yellow, darker in the patterned areas. Macrotrichia in
outer cells of wing. Venation: Sc, ending just before fork of Rs, Sc. some
distance from its tip, Sc, approximately equal to m-cu or a little shorter, the
latter just beyond the fork of 17; Anal veins bent strongly into the margin.

Holotype, 2, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENnyA, 10,000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards).

260 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The comparisons with Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) alticola and P. (0.)
vumbensis are shown in the key.

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) alticola sp. n. (Fig. 130)

Size large (wing 7°5 mm. or more) ; general coloration dark brown; antennae
relatively long, if bent backward extending about to base of abdomen, the
proximal flagellar segments elongate ; legs dark brown; wings tinged with brown,
with large darker clouds and seams, virtually lacking at ends of the longitudinal
veins; male hypopygium with the inner dististyle bilobed at base.

Male.—Length about 6-5~7 mm.; wing 7:-5-8 mm.; antenna about 1-8—

2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae (male) 16-segmented, relatively long,
as shown by the measurements, if bent backward extending about to the base
of abdomen, brownish black throughout; basal flagellar segments long-sub-
cylindrical, the outer segments becoming much smaller, oval; verticils unilaterally
arranged, shorter than the segments. Head dark brown.

Thorax almost uniformly dark brown, the pronotal scutellum and: pre-
tergites restrictedly more reddened; setae of praescutal interspaces very long
. but sparse. Halteres long and slender, brown, the basal half of stem more
yellowed. Legs with coxae brownish yellow; trochanters yellow; remainder of
legs dark brown to brownish black, the femoral bases restrictedly more
brightened; claws nearly straight. Wings tinged with brown, with a darker
brown pattern, including large clouds at origin of Rs, cord, outer end of cell
Tst My, Sc, and small inconspicuous marginal clouds, the largest at vein 2nd A ;
stigma oval, dark brown, with trichia; veins yellow, more yellowish brown in
the patterned areas. Macrotrichia in outer ends of cells beyond cord, not
involving the basal half of cells. Venation: Sc, ending about opposite fork of
Rs, Scy some distance from its tip, Sc, about as long as cell rst My; Ro,3,4 and
R,,3 in direct longitudinal alignment; vein R, straight, cell R, at margin from
two to nearly three times cell R,; cell rst M, subequal to or a little longer than
vein M,; m-cu at or just beyond fork of M.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 130)
with the tergite produced caudad into an unusually narrow lobe. Outer disti-
style, d, trispinous, the outer pair of spines slightly unequal, more curved than
the subterminal one. Inner dististyle conspicuously bilobed at base, the large
outer lobe produced into a slender prolongation. Phallosome with the apophyses
appearing as pale blades, their tips weakly toothed or notched.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 13,000-
14,000 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotype, 3. Two
additional males in series.

The most similar species include Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) aberdarica and
P. (O.) ugandae, the distinctions being shown in the key.

TIPULIDAE 261

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) brachyphallus sp. n. (Fig. 131)

Size small (wing, male, 5 mm.); general coloration chestnut brown, un-
patterned ; legs brownish yellow, the outer tarsal segments darker; wings weakly
tinged with brown, with a vague to scarcely apparent darker pattern; cell R,
and R, at margin subequal in extent; male hypopygium with the aedeagus
very short.

Male.—Length about 4:5 mm.; wing 5 mm.

Rostrum, palpi and antennae black, the last moderately long, if bent back-
ward extending about to the wing root; scape a little brightened. Head black,
much darker than the mesonotum.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum almost uniformly chestnut brown,
without pattern ; praescutal setae sparse but long and conspicuous. Pleura dark
brown dorsally, the ventral half, including the sternopleurite and meron, more
brownish yellow. Halteres with stem pale, knob weakly darkened. Legs with
all coxae and trochanters yellow; femora brownish yellow, clearer basally, the
tips more darkened; tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow, the outer tarsal segments
a little darker. Strong macrotrichia in outer cells of wing, this weakly tinged
with brown, with a vague to scarcely apparent darker pattern, including the
stigma and very weak clouds at origin of Rs and over the cord; veins brown.
Venation: Sc, ending just before fork of Rs, Sc, subequal in length to m-cu;
veins R, and R, only slightly divergent, R, slightly upcurved on its outer end,
narrowing cell R;, somewhat as in vecurvans; cell R, at margin a trifle more
extensive than cell R,; m-cu more than one-half its length beyond fork of 1;
Anal veins moderately curved into the margin.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 131)
with the tergite, ¢, produced caudad into a broad lobe that narrows to the
obtuse tip, the surface with abundant setae. Outer dististyle, ¢d, with the usual
three spines; inner style with a basal lobe. Aedeagus, a, very short, as shown.

Holotype, 3, Kampala, UGANDA, December 12, 1934 (Edwards).

Most like Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) recurvans, differing in the characters
indicated in the key.

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) recurvans sp. n. (Fig. 132)

General coloration dark brown; head light grey ; antennae of male moderately
long, extending about to the root of halteres, proximal flagellar segments oval;
femora brown, the bases obscure yellow; wings brownish yellow, with a very
restricted dark pattern, most evident as seams at origin of /ts and along cord ; vein
R, on outer third deflected slightly cephalad, cells R, and R, at margin equal
in extent or virtually so; male hypopygium with the lateral blade of phallosome
terminating in a single spine; aedeagus a cylindrical hoselike structure.

Male.—Length about 5-5-5 mm. ; wing 5-5-6 mm.

262 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Female.—Length about 5-5-6 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae of male dark brown, moderately
elongate, if bent backward extending about to the root of halteres; proximal
flagellar segments oval, the outer ones smaller, with long conspicuous verticils.
Head light grey.

Thorax almost uniformly dark brown, the pronotal scutellum restrictedly
paler. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the coxae brownish yellow, the fore pair
more blackened; trochanters yellow; femora obscure yellow basally, passing into
brown ; tibiae brownish yellow; tarsi passing into brown. Wings brownish yellow,
the prearcular and costal fields clearer yellow ; stigma pale brown ; a very restricted
to scarcely apparent darker pattern, including narrow seams at origin of Ks,
cord and outer end of cell rst M,; veins pale brown or yellowish brown, yellow in
the brightened fields. Abundant macrotrichia in outer cells, extending basad to
the level of the stigma or outer end of cell rst My, lacking in the bases of the cells.
Venation: Sc, ending shortly before fork of Rs, Sc, some distance from its tip,
Sc, alone a little shorter than R,,,,,; vein R, on outer third deflected slightly
cephalad narrowing cell R, at margin, this subequal in extent or a little narrower
than cell R,; m-cu at or beyond fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, hypopygium more chestnut. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 132) with median tergal lobe small. Basistyle, b, with setae very large and
coarse. Outer dististyle, d, stout, especially outwardly, with the usual three
spines, the margin between the spines more or less produced into one or two
microscopic denticles ; inner style stout, with a broad basal lobe. Phallosome, f,
with the lateral blades moderately broad, each terminating in a single incurved
hook or spine. Aedeagus long and stout, cylindrical, appearing more or less like
a hose, the apex truncate.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGanpa, 8300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, 3 3,
with seven further specimens in series. Paratypes, 3 6 9, Namwamba Valley,
10,200-13,000 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards); one further female
in series.

The most similar species is Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) ugandae (Riedel); the
distinctions between the two being shown in the key.

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) ugandae (Riedel)
Adelphomyia ugandae Riedel; Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afrique Orientale (1911-1912),
Ins. Dipt., 111, Nematocera polyneura, pp. 86-87, Fig. (wing); 1914.

Ucanpa: Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 8300-10,200 ft., December
1934-January 1935 (Edwards). KENyA: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range,
8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards); Nyeri Track, 10,500 ft., October 1934
(Edwards). Numerous additional specimens in the series.

The type was from the Kikuyu Escarpment, Kenya, at 2100 metres.

TIPULIDAE 263

Austrolimnophila Alexander

Austrolimnophila Alexander; Arkiv f6r Zoologi, 13, no. 6: 4-5; 1920

Austrolimnophila is one of the most characteristic genera of crane-flies in the

Ethiopian fauna, especially in the south and on the higher mountains, with
equally numerous but quite distinct species in Madagascar. The groupis evidently
of southern origin, there being very abundant representatives in Australia, New
Zealand, and southern South America, but with only a few species in the
Holarctic Region. The closely allied genus Ep:phragma Osten Sacken, with
representatives in all other major faunal regions of the world, is somewhat
surprisingly lacking in the Ethiopian Region, as known to this date.

nN

KEY TO AUSTROLIMNOPHILA

Nearly apterous in both sexes. (Uganda) . R ; : : buxtoni, sp. n.
Fully winged in both sexes, as known : 2
A supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc at near middistance Beeween arculus and

origin of Rs. (Subgenus Phrvagmocrypta) . : ; 3
No supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc. (Subgenus Austr Beale) . : 6

Dark wing pattern heavy, well-defined, with all areas solid, not ocelliform
Dark wing pattern with the areas more or less definitely ocelliform
Sc, close to tip of vein, Sc, and Sc, subequal; supernumerary crossvein in cell

Sc closer to Rs than to arculus. (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia)

albocoxalis (Alexander)

Sc, removed from tip of Sc,, the latter elongate. (Uganda) . - vecessiva, sp. 0.
Dark wing pattern very evidently ocelliform, the rings narrowly darkened, with

large clear centres; m subequal to or shorter than basal section of M3;

Sc, longer than Sc,, exceeding m-cu. (Kenya: Aberdares) . maumau, sp. n.
Dark wing pattern vaguely ocelliform, the pale centres of the areas only a little

less distinct than the margins; m elongate, fully one-half longer than the

basal section of M,; Sc, shorter than Sc, and much shorter than m-cu.

wb

(Belgian Congo: evens : : ‘ gyldenstolpei (Alexander)
Wings patterned, with at least some darkening other than the stigma (compare
plumbeipleura, couplet 17) ‘ : : 7
Wings unpatterned, except for the stigmal area when this is ‘evident (compare
plumbeipleura, couplet 17) : : : : : é : 17
Wings with an abundant and heavy pattern : 8
Wing pattern pale and inconspicuous, most ev ident as diffuse seams and
clouds at origin of Rs and over the cord. 10

Wing pattern heavy, the spots solid, including a broad continuous darkened
area in cell M adjoining vein Cu, extending from arculus to m-cu.

(Belgian Congo: Mikeno) : : ovthia (Alexander)
Wing pattern less conspicuous, without a “Gontinuous darkened seam along
vein Cu a 9

Vein Sc relatively short, as heros eae of Rs: a Ganenicuous dente cloud ei near
midlength of vein M; no darkening in Anal cells. (Extralimital: Cape
Peninsula) : : : thoynei (Wood)

Vein Sc longer, Sc, ending opposite midlength of ae no dark cloud at
midlength of vein M; darkened areas in Anal field, especially at end of
vein 2nd A. (Extralimital: Natal) . é é spectabilis (Alexander)

264

10.

Il.

2.

Ta

14.

15.

16.

le

18.

19.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Sc short, Sc, ending opposite or shortly before fork of Rs : : II
Sc longer, ce ending about opposite midlength of R,,,,4; (wing pattern Very
pale and diffuse) . : 14
Size larger (wing, 10 mm. or more) ; wing etan ren faint, the marginal spots

at ends of veins very pale and diffuse, or lacking; R,,,,, relatively
short, arcuated, shorter than R,,,3. (Belgian Congo: Birunga)
birungana (Alexander)
Size small (wing 9 mm. or less); wing pattern more evident, including small
spots at R, and fork of Sc, and less evidently at ends of other longitudinal
veins; eae , a little longer than Ry, : 12
Wing pattern more distinct, including well-marked marginal Spots at ends of
the longitudinal veins, including areas at both ends of the stigma (fork
of R,,3,, and end of R,,,); male hypopygium with the outer dististyle
slender; aedeagus without long movable spines. (Belgian Congo)
distugma (Alexander)
Wing pattern diffuse, the darkened marginal clouds pale and _ ill-defined;
darkened spots at ends of stigma larger and not contrasting markedly
with the central area; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle broad;
aedeagus with an enlarged oval structure that bears five pairs of movable

spines (echidna) ‘ 13
General coloration light brown, the jeeeraatie Ha three slightly daxker
stripes; pleura brown. (Uganda) : ‘ . echidna echidna, sp. n.

General coloration grey, the praescutum with a Tora central stripe; pleura
grey, with a dark brown longitudinal line. (Uganda)
echidna echidnoides, ssp. n.
Thorax generally yellow, the notum with a blackened discal area; femora
black, the basal fifth yellowed; ae aypopsgmm unknown). (Extra-
limital: Southern Rhodesia) . : . ephippigera Alexander
Thorax generally yellow, the praescutum more or less striped with darker;
legs yellow, the tips of the femora in cases restrictedly darkened; male
hypopygium large and very complex in structure (diffusa group) . 15
Male hypopygium with the appendage near proximal end of basistyle ecane
a slender lateral clavate lobe, with a dense brush of setae at and near
apex of the main lobe; outer dististyle at near two-thirds its length with
a tubercle bearing a pencil of elongate setae. (Kenya: Elgon) phantasma, sp. n.
Male hypopygium without a lateral lobe on the appendage of the een
outer dististyle without a pencil of setae . 16
Male hypopygium with the appendage of the basistyle terminating ina head
with a very slender necklike base; inner dististyle with the teeth of the
comb relatively short and broad. (Uganda; Kenya) . diffusa (Alexander)
Male hypopygium with the appendage of the basistyle terminating in a broad-
based apical part; inner dististyle with the teeth of the comb long and
slender. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) : ‘ pvaeposteva, sp. n.
Stigma pale brown, clearly delimited, remainder of wing vaguely patterned to
virtually unmarked; pleura infuscated, sparsely pruinose, producing
a more or less leaden appearance. (Extralimital: Mozambique)
plumbeipleuva Alexander
Stigma pale and diffuse, with no other markings on wing; pleura hae or

brownish yellow, unpatterned . : 18
Size large (wing over 11 mm.); wings strongly yellowed, stigma, very: faint.

(Extralimital: Transvaal) : : tvansvaalica (Alexander)
Size smaller (wing under 9 mm.); wings wrealcly suffeced with brown ‘ : 19
Mesonotum yellowish brown; wings with m-cu poyoud midlength of cell rst Mg.

(Tanganyika: Kilimandjaro) 6 é . Ccladuroneura (Speisen

Mesonotal praescutum brown, the lateral borders yellowed; wings with m-cu
before midlength of cell rst @,. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) claduvoneurodes, sp. n.

TIPULIDAE 265

Phragmocrypta subgen. n.

Characters as in the genus but with a supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc at
from one-third to one-half the length of the cell.

Type of subgenus—Austrolimnophila (Phragmocrypta) gyldenstolpei
(Alexander).

All known species are East African, as at present known extending from the
Belgian Congo and Uganda southward into Southern Rhodesia. The other species
include A. (P.) albocoxalis (Alexander), A. (P.) maumau, sp. n., and A. (P.)
recessiva, Sp. Nn.

Austrolimnophila (Phragmocrypta) maumau sp. n. (Figs. 117 and 127)

General coloration of thorax brownish grey, the praescutum with four brown
stripes; pleura obscure yellow, striped longitudinally with brown; legs yellow,
the femoral tips very vaguely more darkened; wings yellow, with an ocelliform
brown pattern; male hypopygium with the tergite broadly emarginate, the apices
of the lobes with two or three stout bristles; dististyles simple.

Male.—Length about Io mm. ; wing II mm.; antenna about 2 mm.

Female.—Length about 9 mm. ; wing 9 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae of moderate length; scape and
pedicel yellow, the latter darker at apex, flagellum brown; proximal flagellar
segments subcylindrical, the outer ones elongate, with long conspicuous verticils.
Head brownish grey, more yellowed anteriorly and on posterior orbits; anterior
vertex slightly elevated, relatively narrow, about one-half wider than the diameter
of the scape.

Pronotum chiefly obscure yellow, the scutum darkened above; pretergites
very pale yellow. Mesonotal praescutum with the humeri obscure brownish
yellow, disk with four brown stripes, the intermediate pair diverging anteriorly,
enclosing a short central darkening, interspaces brownish grey; posterior
sclerites of notum brownish grey, the centres of the lobes dark brown. Pleura
with a dorsal brown longitudinal stripe, the ventral half chiefly yellowed, with an
inconspicuous brown stripe, beginning on the fore coxae, crossing the sterno-
pleurite on to the pteropleurite ; ventral sternopleurite again darkened. Halteres
with stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae yellow, their bases
narrowly darkened; trochanters yellowish brown; remainder of legs yellow, the
tips of the femora only vaguely more darkened; outer tarsal segments darkened.
Wings (Fig. 117) yellow, with a conspicuous brown pattern, including open
ocelli centring at origin of Rs, along cord and outer end of cell rst M,, fork of
Roi344, Ro, fork of M,,,, and ends of Anal veins; less evident ocelli at arculus
and marginally at tips of veins M, and M,; a series of four or five solid brown
marks along vein Cu, the outermost largest ; veins yellow, darker in the patterned
areas. In the holotype, the dark costal areas are more solidly darkened, in the
allotype the entire pattern more evidently ocelliform. Venation: Supernumerary

266 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

crossvein in cell Sc at about mid-distance between arculus and origin of Ks;
m-cu at near three-fourths the length of cell rst M, or beyond.

Abdomen brown, the posterior borders of segments two to four, inclusive,
narrowly pale, the outer segments, including the hypopygium, more uniformly
darkened ; intermediate sternites bicoloured, dark brown, the posterior half of each
segment with a large obscure yellow central area. Male hypopygium (Fig. 127)
with the tergite, ¢, deeply notched, the lobes broad, with narrowly thickened apices
that bear two or three short stout bristles. Basistyle with the interbase aslender
curved hook. Both dististyles, d, simple, the outer style narrowed into a slender
apical spine, the surface with long conspicuous setae ; inner style about equal in
length, broadest on proximal half, the outer part narrowed into a cultrate blade.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KEny4A, 8000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2, with the type.

Closest to Austrolimnophila (Phragmocrypta) gyldenstolper (Alexander), and
A. (P.) recessiva, sp. n., differing in the characters indicated in the key.

Austrolimnophila (Phragmocrypta) recessiva sp. n. (Figs. 114 and 128)

Size medium (wing, male, Io-11 mm.); general coloration dark chestnut
brown, the praescutum with three darker brown stripes; pleura dark brown,
lined with grey; wings with the ground brown, heavily patterned with still
darker brown; Sc, removed from tip of Sc,, the latter longer than m-cu; male
hypopygium with the tergal lobes very obtuse ; outer dististyle slender ; interbase
curved, slightly expanded at apex, the margin microscopically crenulate.

Male.—Length about 9-9°5 mm.; wing 9:5-II mm.; antenna about 2-1-
2°2 mm.

Rostrum brown; palpi black. Antennae with scape light brown, pruinose,
pedicel testaceous yellow, flagellum dark brown, the basal segments paler;
flagellar segments long, with conspicuous verticils. Head grey, anterior vertex
brown, the colour continued backward on to the posterior vertex; anterior
vertex about one-half wider than the diameter of scape.

Pronotum buffy, pretergites more yellowed. Mesonotal praescutum dark
chestnut brown, with three darker brown stripes, the interspaces narrow;
posterior sclerites of notum dark brown, the posterior lateral angles of scutal
lobes yellowed. Pleura dark brown, with two narrow grey longitudinal stripes
crossing the ventral pleurites, the more dorsal beginning just behind the fore
coxae, ending on the pteropleurite, the second line more ventral in position;
dorsopleural membrane obscure yellow or brownish yellow. Halteres relatively
long, stem obscure yellow, knob more infuscated. Legs with the fore coxae
infuscated, paler at apex, middle and hind pairs pale yellow, narrowly dark brown
basally ; trochanters obscure yellow ; remainder of legs brownish yellow; elongate
scales on legs abundant. Wings (Fig. 114) with a brown ground, very heavily
patterned with still darker brown, the larger areas costal, about seven in number ;

TIPULIDAE 267

other extensive clouds and seams at arculus, supernumerary crossvein in cell
Sc, origin of Rs, cord, outer end of cell rst M4, ends of longitudinal veins, lacking
on Rs, and a series of from six to eight areas in cell M adjoining vein Cu, chiefly
in outer half of cell, alternating with clearer ground areas; the latter areas are
darkest basad of cord, more yellowed in the interspaces of the costal field and in
the cells beyond the cord; darkened areas at Sc, and Sc, narrowly separated;
veins brown, paler in the more yellowed ground areas. Venation: Supernumerary
crossvein in cell Sc at near one-third the distance between arculus and origin of
Rs; Sc, strongly retracted from Sc,, the latter longer than m-cu and only a little
shorter than R,,3,4; m-cu beyond midlength of cell rst Mg.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the posterior borders of the more proximal
segments vaguely paler; sternites slightly bicoloured, brown basally, obscure
yellow on posterior half or less; hypopygium dark brown. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 128) with the tergal lobes, ¢, very obtuse, the notch correspondingly shallow.
Interbase a strongly curved sclerotised rod from a triangular base, the slightly
expanded apex with the margin microscopically crenulate, obtuse. Outer
dististyle, d, narrow, terminating in a strongly curved slender hook; setae of
outer face very long and conspicuous; inner style a little longer. Aedeagus
relatively small, upcurved at apex.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANpba, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotype, 1 3. Paratype, 1 3,
Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, 5500-7500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Five further specimens in series.

The nearest relatives include Austrolimnophila (Phragmocrypta) albocoxalis
(Alexander) and A. (P.) gyldenstolpei (Alexander), the distinctions being shown
in the key.

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) buxtoni sp. n. (Fig. 119)

Nearly apterous in both sexes, the wings only about one-third as long as the
halteres; thoracic dorsum flattened; legs long, coxae very large; abdominal
tergites buffy grey medially, dark brown on sides, outer segments, including the
hypopygium, black; male hypopygium with the tergite large, the posterior
border with a U-shaped notch, lateral lobes truncated ; dististyles slender.

Male.—Length about 6-6-2 mm.; wing about 0-40-0-45 mm.; antenna about
I-5-1°7 mm.

Female.—Length about 7 mm.; wing about 0-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scape brown, paler
basally, pedicel and flagellum black; flagellar segments oval, with relatively
short verticils. Head brown, sparsely pruinose; anterior vertex broad, the eyes
correspondingly small.

Pronotum reduced, brownish yellow in front, darker behind. Mesonotum
flattened, brown, sparsely pruinose, virtually unpatterned; praescutum and

2608 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

mediotergite large, the intermediate segments reduced. Pleura dark brown on
dorsal half, the reduced ventral part yellow. Halteres black. Legs with the
coxae very large, much longer than the wing, pale yellow; trochanters yellow;
remainder of legs long, obscure brownish yellow, the terminal tarsal segments
dark brown; a very vague darker subterminal ring on femur, the tips of the tibiae
more darkened; flattened elongate scales scattered among the larger setae ;
claws simple. Wings very reduced in both sexes, a little more than one-third as
long as the halteres, stenopterous, the venation indicated by two longitudinal
thickenings.

Abdomen with the tergites buffy grey medially, the sides dark brown, the
latter becoming more extensive on the outer segments, restricting the pale
areas; basal sternites yellow; outer segments, including hypopygium, brownish
black. Ovipositor with the valves long and slender, cerci gently upcurved. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 119) with the ninth tergite, ¢, large, narrowed outwardly, the
posterior border with a large U-shaped notch that is margined with pale mem-
brane; lateral lobes conspicuous, truncate. Basistyle short and stout; interbase
small, slender, gently curved near apex. Dististyles, d, slender, the outer style
at apex curved into a spine; inner style a little longer, narrowed on outer half.
Aedeagus stout.

Holotype, 3, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 10,500-
11,500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton). Allotopotype, 2. Paratypes,
3g 2, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 10,200 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Twenty-one additional specimens in series.

This interesting subapterous crane-fly is named in honour of Dr. D. R. Buxton,
who discovered part of the type series. Its association with a second subapterous
species, Limonia (Limonia) buxtoniana, sp. n., has been discussed earlier in the
present report. The fly differs from all other known species of the genus in the
flightless condition in both sexes.

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) claduroneurodes sp. n.
(Figs. 18 and 120)

Allied to claduroneura; mesonotal praescutum with the disk brown, the
humeral and lateral regions broadly yellow; legs yellow; wings with a very weak
brownish tinge, the small stigma slightly darker brown; R,,3,4 gently arcuated,
approximately one-third longer than R,,,; m-cu before midlength of cell rst M,;
abdominal segments weakly bicoloured, brown, the posterior borders broadly
more yellowed; male hypopygium with the posterior border of the ninth tergite
with a broad rounded notch, lateral lobes entirely pale; interbase a small
blackened rod; both dististyles pale, the outer one dilated on basal two-thirds,
thence narrowed into a compressed flattened blade; aedeagus short, at near
midlength with several small setae.

TIPULIDAE 269

Male.—Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7-8 mm.

Female.—Length about 7-5 mm. ; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum brownish yellow; palpi dark brown. Antennae with scape and
pedicel brownish yellow, flagellum brownish black; flagellar segments elongate
oval, the verticils conspicuous. Head dark grey, with several long setae on
vertex.

Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotal praescutum with the disk covered by
three confluent brown stripes, the humeral and lateral regions broadly yellow;
posterior sclerites of notum brown, pruinose, the mediotergite more heavily so.
Pleura and pleurotergite brownish yellow; dorsopleural region clearer yellow.
Halteres with stem pale, knob vaguely more darkened. Legs with the coxae
and trochanters yellow ; remainder of legs yellow, the outer tarsal segments more
darkened; segments with abundant elongate scales. Wings (Fig. 118) with a
very weak brownish tinge, the prearcular and costal fields a trifle more yellowed ;
stigma oval, small, slightly darker brown; veins brownish yellow. Venation:
Sc, ending shortly beyond fork of Rs, Sc, near its tip; Ry,3,,4 gently arcuated,
approximately one-third longer than FR, ,,; cell M, about three times its petiole;
m-cu just before midlength of cell rs¢ M,.

Abdominal segments weakly bicoloured, brown, the posterior borders broadly
pale yellow; hypopygium light brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 120) with the
tergite broad, entirely pale, posterior border with a broad rounded or shield
shaped notch, the broad lateral lobes entirely pale and glabrous, obtuse. Inter-
base a small blackened gently curved rod. Both dististyles, d, yellow, the outer
style dilated on proximal two-thirds, thence narrowed into a compressed-
flattened blade, the expanded part with numerous coarse setae; inner style of
about the same length but more slender, the outer part narrowed to the obtuse
apex. Aedeagus short, at near midlength with several pale punctures that bear
small but evident setae.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—-January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Two additional
females in series.

Although it is very similar in general appearance to Austrolimnophila
(Austrolimnophila) claduroneura (Speiser), still known only from Kilimandjaro,
Tanganyika, I consider the two flies to be distinct, as shown in the key.

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) diffusa (Alexander)
(Figs. 121 and 122)
Limnophila diffusa Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 353-354; 1920.
Ucanpa: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January

1935 (Edwards); Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, 5500-7500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Eight more in series.

270 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The types were from stations in Kenya. The more abundant materials now
available show that the species belongs to a small group of the genus, including
also phantasma, sp. n., and praepostera, sp. n., with exceedingly large and
complex male genitalia. Neither Edwards nor I believed that this character
warranted the proposal of a new subgeneric group.

Male.—Length about 8 mm.; wing 8-5 mm.; antenna about 2:3 mm.

Female.—Length about 8-8-5 mm.; wing 8-5-9 mm.

Male hypopygium (Figs. 121, 122) very complicated in structure. Central
part of ninth tergite, ¢, produced into a central depressed lobe, the posterior
border of which is very gently emarginate, with pale membrane, the outer lobes
more conspicuous, with a concentration of setae. Basistyle stout, the mesal
face at outer end with a large and conspicuous appendage that bears a dense
brush of long yellow setae at its summit and on face of a strong tubercle;
beyond this point the appendage is produced into a head, with a very narrow
base or neck, this being quite distinct in its appearance from the corresponding
one in phantasma. Outer dististyle, d, a flattened blade that is expanded out-
wardly, at apex unequally lobed, the surface with relatively long and con-
spicuous setae but with no pencil of bristles, as in phantasma. Inner dististyle
very complex, about as figured, with a comblike outer margin, somewhat as in
phantasma, but with the details distinct.

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) echidna sp. n. (Figs. 116 and 124)

General coloration light brown, the praescutum with three slightly darker
stripes; antennae with basal segments yellow, the flagellum darker; wings with
a weak brownish tinge, restrictedly patterned with darker brown, including the
almost entire stigma; male hypopygium with the aedeagus bearing a con-
spicuous oval central structure that bears five strong movable spines on either
side; outer dististyle broad, terminating in a slender curved black spine.

Male.—Length about 7-5 mm.; wing 8-8-5 mm.; antenna about 1-7-1-°8 mm.

Female.—Length about 8 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae of male of moderate length,
if bent backward extending to shortly beyond the wing root; scape and pedicel
yellow, flagellum light brown, the outer segments still darker; outer flagellar
segments elongate, with conspicuous verticils. Head dark grey; anterior vertex
relatively narrow, about one-half wider than the diameter of scape.

Pronotum yellowed, pretergites still paler. Mesonotal praescutum light
brown, with three slightly darker stripes; pseudosutural foveae very small,
reddish; scutal lobes darkened; posterior sclerites of notum brownish grey.
Pleura light brown, pruinose; a short incomplete dark brown stripe, beginning
on the propleura, extending to the pteropleurite, with a further still smaller
and more dorsal darkening immediately beneath the wing root. Halteres with
stem yellowed, knob infuscated. Legs with coxae reddish yellow; trochanters

N

TIPULIDAE Fa

114
115

116

117

120

123

Fics. 114-124.—Wings and male hypopygia of Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila and

Phragmocrypta) spp. (114) A. vecessiva; (115) A. echidna echidnoides; (116) A. echidna

echidna; (117) A. maumau; (118) A. claduroneuroides; (119) A. buxtoni; (120) A. claduron-

euvoides; (121) A. diffusa; ventral; (122) A. diffusa, dorsal; (123) A. echidna echidnoides;
(124) A. echidna echidna. d, dististyle; p, phallosome; ¢, tergite.

272 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

yellow; femora obscure yellow, a little darker outwardly; tibiae and tarsi light
brown. Wings (Fig. 116) with a weak brownish tinge, the prearcular and costal
fields more yellowed; a sparse pale brown pattern, including the stigma, which
is a little paler at midlength, and clouds at origin of Rs, fork of Sc, tip of vein
R,, and less evidently at the cord and outer end of cell zst M,; veins brown.
Venation: The holotype has a crossvein at midlength of cell R; in both wings
and a further adventitious element at near two-thirds the length of cell R, on
the left wing only; remaining venation as shown.

Abdominal tergites, including the hypopygium, dark brown; basal sternites
more yellowed. Male hypopygium (Fig. 124) with the posterior border of the
tergite produced into two slender lobes, separated by a U-shaped notch.
Dististyles, d, terminal; outer style dilated, the outer fourth narrowed into a
curved black spine; surface conspicuously hairy; inner style of about the same
length but slender, yellowed, the outer half narrowed. Phallosome, #, including
a conspicuous central structure that is apparently part of the aedeagus, oval,
with about five strong movable spines on margin of either side, the apex farther
produced into a hairlike point. Gonapophysis small, each appearing as two
obtuse darkened plates that lie superimposed above one another.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratype, 3, Mobuku
Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 7300 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).
Three further specimens in series.

Superficially most like Austvolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) distigma
(Alexander), differing in the somewhat remarkable hypopygium.

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) echidna echidnoides ssp. n.
(Figs. 115 and 123)

Male.—Length about 8-5 mm.; wing g-I mm.

Much as in the typical race except for the dark grey coloration and details
of structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the broad lobes of the ninth
tergite.

Rostrum dark grey; palpi black. Antennae dark brown to brownish black;
flagellar segments long-oval to elongate. Head dark grey; anterior vertex
broader, exceeding three times the diameter of the scape.

Pronotum brownish grey, pretergites more yellowed. Mesonotum grey, the
praescutum with a brown central stripe that expands behind to include the
usual lateral areas; scutal lobes dark brown; median region of scutum and
posterior sclerites clear grey. Pleura grey, with a conspicuous dark brown
longitudinal stripe extending from the cervical region across the ventral pro-
pleura and anepisternum on to the pteropleurite; ventral sternopleurite less
evidently darkened; dorsopleural membrane light brown; a dark brown spot

TIP ULTDAE 273

immediately before wing root. Legs with coxae dark brown on at least the
basal half, most extensive on fore pair; femora appearing darkened because of
the conspicuous vestiture. Wings (Fig. 115) brownish grey, the oval stigma dark
brown; dark pattern at origin of Rs, cord and tip of vein R, very vague.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the posterior borders narrowly obscure
yellow; sternites similar, the intermediate segments with the pale borders more
evident; hypopygium black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 123) much as in the
typical form, especially the peculiar structure of the phallosome. Ninth tergite
with the lobes broader and flatter, the tips subtruncate to very obtuse. Outer
dististyle black, narrower on basal part.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 10,200 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) phantasma sp. n.
(Figs. 125 and 126)

Size large (wing, male, II mm.); mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow on
sides, the disk chiefly covered by three dark brown stripes; wings with a very
weak brownish tinge, the stigma pale brown; abdominal segments yellow,
variegated by brown, the terminal two segments brownish black; male hypo-
pygium very large and unusually complex in structure, especially the basistyle
and both dististyles, the inner style unusually complicated.

Male.—Length about Io mm.; wing II mm.; antenna about 2 mm.

Rostrum light brown, palpi darker. Antennae brownish black, the scape
somewhat paler; flagellar segments elongate, the outer segments exceeding their
longest verticils. Head dark grey; anterior vertex more than twice the diameter
of the scape.

Pronotum yellowish brown. Mesonotal praescutum with the humeri and
broad lateral borders obscure yellow, the disk chiefly covered by three dark
brown stripes, the very restricted interspaces more pruinose; scutal lobes dark
brown; posterior sclerites of notum dark brown, heavily grey pruinose. Pleura
chiefly brownish grey; dorsopleural region more brownish yellow. Halteres
infuscated, the stem paler, especially basally. Legs with all coxae and tro-
chanters yellow; femora yellow, the tips narrowly but conspicuously dark
brown; tibiae brownish yellow; tarsi brown; legs with the usual very elongate
scales scattered among the major setae. Wings with a very weak brown tinge,
unpatterned except for the pale brown stigma; veins brown. Venation: Sc, at
tip of Sc, and slightly longer; R,,3,, arcuated, about three-fourths R,,3;
basal section of R, short; petiole of cell M, short, less than twice m; cell rst M,
long, gently widened outwardly, with m-cu at midlength.

Basal abdominal segments bicoloured, the bases and apices yellow, the
intermediate part brown; succeeding tergites with the dark colour less

274 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

conspicuous ; sternites yellow, the lateral borders conspicuously darkened; eighth
segment and hypopygium brownish black. Male hypopygium (Figs. 125, 126)
large and exceedingly complex in structure, as shown by the figures. Ninth
tergite narrow, the posterior border produced into two lobes that are separated
by a broad shallow notch, the margin between the lobes with long erect setae;
sternite convex, the midregion of posterior border with a tiny V-shaped notch.
Basistyle, b, on mesal face near apex with a large appendage that is profoundly
divided into an outer slender club and a stouter inner lobe that bears on outer
side and at apex a dense brush of long yellow setae, the longest approximately
one-half the lobe itself. Outer dististyle, d, slender, on outer margin at near
three-fourths the length with a low tubercle that bears a brush of very long
yellow scabrous setae, the outer surface of stem with further scattered bristles.
Inner dististyle very complex, produced into about five arms, the shapes and
directions about as figured, the longest arm with a unilateral comb of about
fifteen teeth, these flattened and obtuse at tips, the outer ones largest. Aedeagus
and apophyses very small and inconspicuous.

Holotype, 3, Mount Elgon, KENyA, in forest zone, 8500 ft., February 1935
(Edwards).

This fly is related to Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) diffusa Alexander
and A. (A.) praepostera, sp. n., as discussed under the former species. The
present species represents almost the extreme of complexity of parts of the male
hypopygium as shown by any crane-fly known to me, the nearest approach
being in certain species of Tzpula. and Phyllolabis. Edwards noted that all
three species of this group were forest-inhabiting forms, generally found while
resting on tree-trunks.

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) praepostera sp. n. (Fig. 129)

Allied to diffusa; general coloration of thorax ochreous, praescutum with
four reddish brown stripes, best-indicated behind; legs yellow; wings brownish
yellow, with a diffuse pale brown pattern; abdominal tergites brown, incisures
yellow; male hypopygium large and complex; largest lobe of basistyle with
brushes of long setae; outer dististyle simple, terminating in a slender acute
beak, the outer surface with very long setae; inner style with the teeth of the
comb long and slender.

Male.—Length about 8-5 mm.; wing 9-6 mm.

Female.—Length about 9 mm.; wing Io mm.

Rostrum light brown; basal segment of palpi yellow, outer segments dark
brown. Antennae with proximal four or five segments obscure yellow, the outer
ones darker; organ relatively long, if bent backward extending about to base
of abdomen; basal flagellar segments cylindrical, the outer ones still longer,
subequal to their verticils. Head with front and anterior vertex buffy; vertex
dark brown, grey pruinose.

TIPULIDAE 275

126

130 131 132

Fics. 125-132.—Austrolimnophila and Pavadelphomyia spp., male hypopygia. (125) and

(126) A. phantasma, dorsal and ventral; (127) A. maumau; (128) A. vecessiva; (129) A.

praepostera; (130) P. alticola; (131) P. bvachyphallus; (132) P. vecuyvans. a, aedeagus;
b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; s, sternite; ¢, tergite.

276 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Pronotum ochreous. Mesonotal praescutum ochreous, with four more
reddish brown stripes that are more distinct on the posterior half; posterior
sclerites of notum darker, the scutellum and postnotum more pruinose. Pleura
brownish yellow, clearer yellow on ventral portion. Halteres with stem whitened,
knob weakly infuscated. Legs with coxae and trochanters pale yellow; femora
yellow, the extreme tips vaguely more darkened; remainder of legs yellow, the
outer tarsal segments darker; abundant elongate scales on legs. Wings brownish
yellow, with a restricted and diffuse pale brown pattern, including a seam over
the cord and a shorter band at origin of Rs, extended posteriorly into cells M
and Cu; other small clouds at tip of R,,, and outer end of cell rst M,; veins
brownish yellow, a trifle darker in the patterned portions. Venation: Sc long,
Sc, ending beyond fork of Rs, Sc, near its tip; cell rst M, short-rectangular, a
little widened outwardly; cell M, fully three times its petiole; m-cu at near
two-thirds the length of cell rst Mg.

Abdominal tergites brown, the incisures narrowly yellowed; sternites pale
brown, with paler posterior borders; hypopygium brown. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 129) very large and complex in structure, generally as in diffusa, differing
in details. Basistyle, 6, with two sets of appendages near outer end, including
a slender rod, at its base with a lobe that bears a brush of long setae; major
appendage very large and conspicuous, exceeding either dististyle in size,
bearing a lateral lobe that is provided with a fringe or brush of long wavy setae;
outer lobe of appendage broad-based, its apex with a row or fringe of shorter
setae. Outer dististyle, d, simple, terminating in a slender acute beak, outer
surface with numerous setae, some of unusual length, the longest nearly two-
thirds as long as the style itself. Inner dististyle narrow, with the row of teeth
as in diffusa but these longer and more slender.

Holotype, 3, below Mount Karangora, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6000 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Namwamba Valley,
Ruwenzori Range, 6500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

The nearest relative is Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) diffusa
(Alexander), which differs in the characters shown in the key.

Pseudolimnophila Alexander (Plate XXVIII, fig. 214)

Pseudolimnophila Alexander; Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem., 25: 917; 1919;

Mem., 38: 848-850; 1920.

Pseudolimnophila is represented by rather numerous species in the Ethiopian
Region, including an endemic subgenus Calolimnophila, with further species in
Madagascar and Mauritius. For many years various regional species of
Austrolimnophila and Pseudolimnophila were confused under the latter name
but there now seems to be no question of the distinctness of the two groups.
The status and position of Pseudolimnophila has been disputed in the past.
Edwards (1938) and others who followed him considered it as being a subgenus

TIPULIDAE 277

of Limnophila, to which genus it unquestionably shows many points of resem-
blance in the adult stage. The writer has always maintained the distinctness
of the genus, even to the extent of erecting a subtribe, the Pseudolimnophilaria,
for its reception. This feeling was based primarily on the structure of the
immature stages, which show significant points of difference from those of
Limnophila. A recent important paper by Hinton (Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc.
London, A, 29, Pts. 10-12: 135; 1954) describes the pupal breathing horns of
Pseudolimnophila and indicates the unique nature of these structures in the
genus. He likewise feels that the genus cannot well be united with Limnophila.

_

iP)

10.

KEY TO PSEUDOLIMNOPHILA

A supernumerary crossvein in cell R, of wings. (Subgenus Calolimnophila
Alexander) F ; : : : :
No supernumerary crossveins in »-cells of wings. (Subgenus Pseudolimnophila
Alexander) :
Size large (wing 10 mm. or more)
Size smaller (wing 8 mm. or less) : : : : : :
Size very large (wing, male, about 13 ms wings dusky, the costal border
darker; dark pattern restricted, including clouds at origin of Rs, along
cord and at outer end of cell rst M,.; wing, Fig. 97. (Uganda) vex Alexander
Size smaller (wing, male, about Io mm.); wings brown, variegated with darker
brown and cream-coloured areas, most evident along the costal border;
about five small darkened spots in a row behind vein Cu. (Cameroons)
princeps Alexander
Size medium (wing about 8 mm.); femora brownish yellow, unpatterned;
wings brown, with an extensive brown and cream-coloured pattern,
including a series of brown spots behind vein Cu; cell 17, much longer
than its petiole. (Cameroons) . , imperita Alexander
Size small (wing, male, 6 mm.) ; femora yellow, Sah a narrow brown subterminal
ring; wings greyish subhyaline, with vague brown clouds; cell M,

te

wn

shorter than its petiole. (Sierra Leone) : comes Alexander
Wings conspicuously patterned with brown spots in all the ‘cells, including C

and Cu : 6
Wings not or scarcely patterned with ‘darker, at most with clouds at origin of

Rs, along cord, and over the outer end of cell rst M, : 9
Femora dark brown, tibiae and tarsi abruptly yellow. (esac) ; _varipes Alexander
Femora yellow, with a narrow darkened ring before tip ; 7
Darkened femoral ring very narrow, only about one-third to one- -half the

yellow tip : 8
Darkened femoral ring more extensive, subequal to the yellow tip (Extra-

limital: Southern Rhodesia) . : : vhodestae Alexander

Thoracic pleura grey, with two narrow brown longitudi nal stripes; wings with
cell M, very small, less than one-half its petiole; wing, Fig. 214.

(Southern Nigeria) . cinctifemur Alexander
Thoracic pleura dark brown, vaguely marked with paler; wings with cell M,

longer than its petiole. (Uganda) , : compta ievandes
Size very large (wing 10 mm. or more); wing, Fig. 098. " (Uganda) senex Alexander
Size smaller (wing less than 9 mm.) . 10
Thoracic pleura yellow, with large black spots on Lanepisterntmn and on

pleurotergite. (Sudan—Ethiopia) ‘ : F : bisatvata Alexander

Thoracic pleura not patterned with black . ; 5 : : é : II

278 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

11. Wings entirely without dark pattern, other than the pale brown stigma c 12

Wings with faint but evident darkened clouds at origin of Rs, along cord and
over outer end of cell rst My. : 13

12. Tips of femora and tibiae cbniicsact wings with cell Ry at margin less extensive
than cell R,. (Extralimital: Saito Rbedeac) auvantiaca Alexander

Femora and Hoes obscure yellow, unpatterned; wings with cell R, at margin
more extensive than cell 3. (Uganda) : : : subaurantiaca, sp. n.

13. Wing pattern more distinct; legs yellow. (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia)
chrysopoda Alexander
Wing pattern very vague and ill-defined; legs darker . : 14

14. Legs brown, tarsi passing into black; wings with v-m at or close to foul of Rs,
the basal section of R; lacking. (Sudan—Ethiopia) frugi exsul Alexander

Legs yellowish brown, tarsi aris wings with a short section of vein ;. (Wide-
spread in eastern and south-eastern Africa) : . frugi frugi (Bergroth)

Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) compta Alexander
Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) compta Alexander; Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaine,
19: 346-347, Fig. 17 (wing); 1930.
UGANDA: Masaka, November 13, 1934 (Edwards). Not seen by writer;
determined by Edwards upon comparison with type; a total of eleven specimens
in series.

Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) frugi frugi (Bergroth)
Limnophila frugi Bergroth; Ent. Tidskrift, g: 137-138; 1888.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, December 1934—January 1935, Kilembe,
4500 ft.; Fort Portal, 5000 ft.; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (Edwards). Not
seen by writer; a series of six specimens in series.

Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) subaurantiaca sp. n.

Size small (wing, male, 7-5 mm.); mesonotal praescutum reddish brown,
postnotum darker brown; antennal flagellum brown, the extreme base of the
first segment vaguely brightened; legs yellow, the tips of femora and tibiae not
darkened; wings with a faint brown tinge, unpatterned except for the small pale
brown stigma; wings with cell R, at margin more extensive than cell R3.

Male.—Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scape brownish yellow,
sparsely pruinose, pedicel dark brown, flagellum brown, the extreme base of the
first segment vaguely brightened. Head brownish grey, the orbits narrowly
clearer grey.

Pronotum yeliow. Mesonotal praescutum reddish brown, the humeral
region more yellowed, pseudosutural foveae reddish; posterior sclerites of notum
slightly darker brown, the postnotum darkest. Pleura yellow. Halteres with
stem obscure yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with all coxae and trochanters
yellow; remainder of legs obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments infuscated ;

TIPULIDAE 279

no darkening at tips of femora or tibiae. Wings with a faint brownish tinge,
unpatterned except for the small pale brown stigma; veins brown. Venation:
Sc, ending about opposite the fork of As; R,,, longer than in aurantiaca,
slightly more than one-half R,,3,,; vein FR, deflected caudad on outer half so
cell R, at margin is more extensive than cell Ry, in aurantiaca; cell Ry is less exten-
sive than cell R,; cell M, a trifle longer than its petiole; m-cu shortly beyond
fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brown, sternites light yellow; hypopygium brownish
yellow.

Holotype, 3, Budongo Forest, UGANDA, February 7-8, 1935 (Edwards).

The characters that distinguish this fly from Pseudolimnophila (Pseudo-
limnophila) aurantiaca Alexander are given in the key.

Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) varipes Alexander
Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) vavipes Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6:
351; 1920.

UcanpA: Masaka, November 13, 1934 (Edwards). One female, not seen by
writer; determined by Edwards upon comparison with type.

Limnophila Macquart
Limnophila Macquart; Suit. a Buffon, 1, Hist. Nat. Ins. Dipt.: 95; 1834.

LimnopMuila is relatively poor in both subgenera and species in the present
region. Most of the known forms fall in three subgeneric groups, A frolimnophila,
Elaeophila, and Dicranophragma, but there remain a small number of further
species whose position in subgenera must remain in question until the fauna is
better known.

Key To LIMNOPHILA

1. A supernumerary crossvein in cell M of wings é ; : c : : 2
No supernumerary crossveins in cells of wing : 3

2. A supernumerary crossvein in cell R,;. (Subgenus Das "Osten
Sacken.) (Uganda) é diploneura, sp. n.
No supernumerary crossvein in cell Re, (Subgenus Elacophila Rondani) . : 4

3. Antennae with proximal five flagellar segments produced on lower face, which
is without setae; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle terminating
in a single acute spine. (Subgenus Afrolimnophila, subgen. n.) . 8
Flagellar segments not produced, all with verticils on lower face; male hypo-
pygium, as known, with the outer dististyle shallowly bidentate at apex.
(Undistributed in subgenera) . 14
4. Wing pattern abundant but with all markings small and “restricted to the
vicinity of the veins, including those at origin of Rs and at ends of the
pale stigma; cell rst IM, small, irregularly pentagonal in outline, m long,
arcuated, approximately twice the basal section of M,. (Extralimital:
Cape District) é : é : : - venaguttula Alexander

280

10.

AG

13%

14.

5.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings with major darkenings, together with smaller spots and dots in the cells;
cell rst M, larger, subrectangular in outline; m and basal section of M,
subequal in length and in general transverse alignment : 5
Wings with the dark pattern restricted, subequal in amount or less than the
pale ground; major costal darkenings smaller than the interspaces;
supernumerary crossvein in cell M lying basad of origin of Rs. (Extra-
limital: Southern Rhodesia) . : . subannulata Alexander
Wings with the dark pattern very extensive, especially the major costal areas
which greatly exceed the interspaces ; supernumerary crossvein in cell
M lying beyond the level of the origin of Rs : : 6
Antennae of male short, if bent backward scarcely attaining the wing root:
flagellar segments oval, shorter than the verticils. (Uganda; Kenya)
marmorataeformis (Riedel)
Antennae of male elongate, if bent backward attaining the base of abdomen
or root of halteres; flagellar segments long, exceeding the verticils : F]
Antennae of male very long, if bent backward attaining base of abdomen;
flagellar segments bicoloured, brownish black, the outer ends broadly
yellow. (Extralimital: Cape District) z : dubiosa Alexander
Antennae of male shorter, if bent backward extending back to root of halteres;
flagellar segments uniformly darkened. (Uganda: Ruwenzori)
prolongata, sp. n.
Wing pattern heavy, including extensive spots or bands basad of cord. c 9
Wing pattern lacking or restricted, especially basad of cord . 6 : 0 II
Thorax almost uniformly opaque, plumbeous. (Uganda: Ruwenzori)
namwambae, sp. 0.
Thorax polished brownish black to black. : 10
Wing pattern more restricted, the dark band at cord narrow, mith cell rst M,
chiefly pale; an interrupted crossband basad of cord, including an area
at origin of Rs and an hourglass-shaped mark extending from M to vein
2nd A; wing, Fig. 212. (Ethiopia) . 4 . abyssinica Alexander
Wing pattern very heavy, the dark band at cord broad, covering cell rst M, or
virtually so; a continuous crossband basad of cord, extending Gon C
above the origin of Fs to the posterior border at vein 2nd A, confluent
in cell M with a further major radial and costal darkening beyond the
arculus. (Kenya) . : vansomerent, Sp. N.
Wings strongly darkened but without distinct pattern. (Uganda: Ruwenzori)
Q—dichroica, sp. n.
Wings paler, with at least a narrow darkened seam over the cord and small
markings elsewhere on disk : ; 12
Mesonotal praescutum yellowish brown, with a capillary dark: brown General
stripe; femora dark brown, with an indistinct yellowish subterminal
ring; wing, Fig. 213. (Kenya; Nyasaland) : : uniuga Alexander
Mesonotal praescutum and legs not patterned as above : : 13
Mesonotum brown; legs black, including the femora; wings with four small
darkened spots basad of cord, additional to one at origin of Rs; wing tip
not darkened. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) ¢ Z 3—dichroica, sp. n.
Mesonotum polished black; legs black, the femoral bases narrowly but con-
spicuously yellow; no dark markings on wing basad of cord excepting
a spot at origin of Rs; wing tip narrowly and ee! darkened. (Uganda:
Ruwenzori) . é antimenoides, sp. Nn.
Cell MW, open by atrophy of basal section of vein M, (Pig. 99). (Nyasaland)
difficilis Alexander
Cell rst M, closed (filata group) . , : ; : : 15
Size aestniey large (wing, female, about 9 mm. ): Fs unusually long, approxi-
mately four times R,,3,,4 (Fig. 135). (Uganda: Ruwenzori) fumivena, sp. n.
Size smaller (wing 8 mm. or less); Rs shorter, approximately three times Ry,5,4 16

TIPULIDAE 281

16. Mesonotal praescutum uniformly dark brown, virtually unpatterned; wings
weakly tinged with brown, the stigma vaguely more darkened; cell WM,
small, slightly more than one-third its petiole (Fig. 136). (Uganda:
Ruwenzori) . : : : ; ; . : prospera, sp. n.
Mesonotal praescutum brownish grey, with four inconspicuous darker brown
stripes; wings weakly infuscated, restrictedly patterned with brown,
most evident at cord and outer end of cell rst M,; cell M, large, subequal
in length to its petiole (Fig. 137). (Uganda: Ruwenzori) : tributa, sp. n.

Species omitted from key because of insufficient data—

Limnophila allosoma Speiser

Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., 52: 136-138; 1908.

A large fly (female, length over 15 mm.). Body honey-yellow; praescutum
with four brown stripes, the intermediate pair abbreviated behind, the pattern
suggestive of Nephrotoma; other darkenings on posterior notum and pleura.
Legs yellow, tarsi and tips of femora and tibiae dark brown. Halteres brown.
Wings milky white, the veins excepting those at cell rst M, and veins beyond it
seamed with brown; cell M, lacking. Abdomen yellow, the segments conspicu-
ously patterned with dark brown. Tanganyika: Kilimandjaro (Chr. Schroeder).

Generic position very uncertain; evidently not a true Limnophila.

Limnophila obscura Riedel

Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afrique Orientale (1911-1912), Ins. Dipt., 111, Nematocera
polyneura, pp. 88-89, Fig. 15 (venation); 1914.

Large (female, length 12-5 mm.; wing 10 mm.). Black, the praescutum brown
with two approximated stripes. Legs yellowish brown, the tips of the femora and
tibiae darker. Wings tinged with brown, costal field and seams over veins
darker, including origin of Rs and tip of vein R;; veins stout, brown. Venation:
Rs lying close to R,, with a perpendicular spur near origin; cell R, short-
petiolate; cell M, a little shorter than its petiole. Abdomen yellow, with a
continuous black median stripe. Kenya; junction of rivers Theka and Chania.
Possibly in subgenus A frolimnophila.

Subgenus Dicranophragma Osten Sacken
Limnophila (Dicranophvagma) Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859:

240.

The discovery of a member of this subgenus in the Ethiopian region is of
unusual interest, since no species is known from Europe and the great centre of
distribution is the Oriental region, ranging as far north as Japan, and with two
further forms, including the subgenotype, fuscovaria Osten Sacken, in the eastern
Nearctic region.

282 . RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

The single species here represented is somewhat aberrant, showing some
features of resemblance to Elaeophila, but from the venation and structure of
the male hypopygium seems to be properly placed here. It is of interest to note
that the present fly has a supernumerary crossvein in cell Rs, as in Dicrano-
phragma, and at least one further such element in cell M, as in Elaeophila. It had
been appreciated that the two subgeneric groups were nearly allied and are
separable chiefly on the presence of the crossveins in the cells in question.

Limnophila (Dicranophragma) diploneura sp. n. (Figs. 134 and 141)

General coloration grey, the praescutum with four dark brown stripes; legs
chiefly yellow; wings yellow, with conspicuous brown spots and dots along the
veins ; Supernumerary crossveins in cells R, and M@; male hypopygium with the
outer dististyle very slender, with some elongate setae at near midlength.

Male.—Length about 6-5 mm.; wing 8 mm. ; antenna about I mm.

Female.—Length about 7-5 mm. ; wing 8-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae dark brown, the bases of the
flagellar segments narrowly pale in male, more uniformly darkened in female;
basal flagellar segments oval, passing into elongate, with conspicuous verticils.
Head greyish brown; anterior vertex broad.

Pronotum brown, the sides of the scutellum with a greyish area. Mesonotal
praescutum grey, with four conspicuous dark brown stripes, the intermediate
pair confluent on about the anterior fourth, the stripes gradually diverging
posteriorly ; lateral part of praescutum with a further pale brown area extending
from the small black pseudosutural foveae backward, thence bent laterad to the
margin immediately before the suture; posterior sclerites of notum grey, each
scutal lobe with two nearly confluent dark brown areas; a more or less distinct
median capillary vitta extends from the suture to the abdomen, more expanded
at base of scutellum and again at base and apex of the mediotergite. Pleura and
pleurotergite grey, variegated with brown, the latter more conspicuous. Halteres
with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with all coxae infuscated, the
apical membrane paler; trochanters obscure yellow; femora yellow, vaguely
more darkened at tips; remainder of legs yellow, the outer tarsal segments
darkened; legs with vestiture short, subappressed and relatively inconspicuous.
Wings (Fig. 134) with the ground yellow, the prearcular and costal fields more
saturated; a conspicuous but relatively sparse brown pattern that is restricted
to the veins; larger areas at and near the supernumerary crossvein in cell M,
origin of Rs, stigma, cord, and at ends of Anal veins; smaller spots of the same
shade at ends of all longitudinal veins excepting R,;, and scattered sparsely along
certain of the veins, particularly those beyond the cord and in the proximal Anal
field; veins yellow, infuscated in the patterned areas. Male with wing a trifle
widened opposite termination of vein 2nd A; costal fringe short and inconspicuous.

TIPULIDAE 283

Venation: Supernumerary crossveins in outer end of cell R, and at about one-
third and two-thirds the length of cell M, the last variable in nature, lacking
in one wing of the paratype and deformed in one wing of the type; Rs strongly
arcuated to angulated and spurred at origin; cell M, a little shorter than its
petiole ; cell rst M, subrectangular, relatively narrow, gently widened outwardly,
with m-cu at near midlength.

Abdomen dark brown, hypopygium a trifle brightened. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 141) with the outer dististyle, d, very slender, bifid at tip, the outer or axial
spine longer and more slender; a group of five or six long setae on outer face
beyond midlength; inner style shorter, narrowed on outer half. Gonapophysis,
g, longer than the small inconspicuous aedeagus, the tip incurved into an acute
spine.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8300 ft.,
December 1934—-January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Two additional
specimens in series.

The venation is sufficient to distinguish this fly from any other member of
the subgenus.

Subgenus Elaeophila Rondani

Elgophila Rondani; Prodr. Dipterol. Italicae, 1: 182; 1856.
Ephelia Schiner; Wien. Ent. Monatschr., 7: 222; 1864.

Limnophila (Elaeophila) marmorataeformis (Riedel)

Ephelia mavmorataefoymis Riedel; Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afrique Orientale (1911-
1912), Ins. Dipt., 11, Nematocera polyneura, pp. 87—-88, Fig. 14 (wing); 1914.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards); Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Three more in series.

Riedel’s type was from Kenya. He describes the legs of this specimen as
being uniformly yellow. The two individuals before me show slight deviations
from this, the Namwamba specimen having a broad brown ring before the tips
of the femora, most evident on the fore and middle legs, much paler on the
posterior femora; the Mobuku specimen has the rings paler and less conspicuous.
Despite these differences, I believe the identification is correct.

Limnophila (Elaeophila) prolongata sp. n.

Generally similar to marmorataeformis, differing in the elongate antennae and
in the details of coloration.

Male.—Length about 6-5 mm.; wing 7 mm.; antenna, about 2:2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae of male elongate, if bent back-
ward extending fully to the root of the halteres, brown; flagellar segments

284 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

elongate, with an abundant erect pubescence, additional to the sparse elongate
verticils, the latter shorter than the segments. Head dark brown.

Thorax almost uniform dark reddish brown, the praescutum without distinct
stripes. Halteres with stem brownish yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with the
coxae dark brown, trochanters a little paler; femora yellow, the tips broadly
blackened, including about one-fifth the segment ; tibiae yellow, the tips narrowly
and inconspicuously darkened; tarsi yellow, the last segment infuscated. Wings
whitish subhyaline, the surface largely covered by major, chiefly costal, brown
areas and abundant smaller spots, greatly restricting the ground; largest costal
area at midlength of wing, extending from origin of Rs to the fork of Sc; veins
pale in the ground areas, darkened in the markings. Wings broadest at near mid-
length. Venation: R,,5,, straight, about twice the more arcuated basal section
of R;; cell M, subequal to its petiole; m-cw about one-half its length beyond
fork of M ; supernumerary crossvein in cell VM nearly three times its length before
the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brown; basal sternites weakly bicoloured, obscure
brownish yellow with narrow darker borders. Male hypopygium with the tergite
slightly produced medially. Outer dististyle very broad, the apical spine decurved
and virtually appressed to the truncated apex; subterminal spines five or six in
number, appressed.

Holotype, 3, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Comparisons with Limnophila (Elaeophila) marmorataeformis (Riedel) and
other species have been given in the key.

Subgenus Afrolimnophila subgen. n. (Plate XXVIII, figs. 212 and 213)

Head moderately produced behind, but less strongly than in the typical
subgenus. Antennae with the proximal four or five flagellar segments enlarged,
the ventral face slightly produced, with a dense pubescence but without verticils ;
on the outer segments with verticils on both faces of the segments. Pronotum
large. Tuberculate pits removed from anterior margin of praescutum, lying
beyond mid-distance to the pseudosutural foveae, the latter large but pale.
Tibial spurs conspicuous; claws simple. Wings (Fig. 133) with the anterior
arculus preserved; Sc, ending approximately opposite fork of Rs; R,,, and Ry
subequal; R,,3,, short to very short, cell R, being short-petiolate to virtually
sessile ; cell M, present; vein rs¢t A on proximal third lying subparallel and close
to Cu, thence diverging. Male hypopygium (Figs. 138-140) with the ninth
segment narrow, the tergite very slightly produced medially. Proctiger mem-
branous, densely setuliferous. Dististyles terminal, outer style a simple gently
curved rod that narrows to an acute point, in cases with a small subapical spine
or tubercle; style glabrous or with delicate setulae on the lower or concave face ;

TIPULIDAE 285

inner style large and fleshy, compact, with conspicuous setae. Gonapophysis
produced into a long narrow flattened blade, the apex narrowly obtuse. Aedeagus
simple, with about the apical fourth narrowed and decurved. Ovipositor with
the valves elongate, slender, sclerotised.

Type of subgenus.—Limnophila (Afrolimnophila) dichroica, sp. n. Other
included species are L. (A.) abyssinica Alexander, L. (A.) antimenoides, sp. n.,
L. (A.) namwambae, sp. n.; L. (A.) unijuga Alexander, and L. (A.) vansomereni,
sp. n., all known species being Ethiopian. The subgenus is most nearly related
to Phylidorea Bigot, from which it is best distinguished by the structure of the
antennae and of the male hypopygium, especially the dististyles, gonapophyses,
and aedeagus. All species at present referred to the subgenus have the abdomen
black, with the genitalia of both sexes yellow or fulvous. Edwards (in litt.) called
particular attention to the dichroism in the sexes of the subgenotype, as noted
in the field, and it seems probable that comparable colour differences in the sexes
will be found in other species.

Limnophila (Afrolimnophila) antimenoides sp. n.

General coloration brownish black to black; legs brownish black, the femoral
bases conspicuously yellow; wings strongly tinged with brown, with a restricted
darker pattern, including a narrow seam over the cord, a spot at origin of Rs,
and the narrow wing tip; abdomen black, the genital region fulvous orange.

Female.—Length about 9-5 mm.; wing 10 mm.

Generally similar to L. (A.) antimena Alexander, mss. (Belgian Congo; Parc
National Albert; de Witte Mission), differing as follows:

Mesonotum almost uniformly brownish black, the surface subnitidous;
praescutum with the humeral region surrounding the large black pseudosutural
foveae slightly more reddened. Halteres light brown, knobs darkened. Legs with
all femora narrowly but conspicuously yellowed basally, including the proximal
fifth or sixth; remainder of femora, as well as tibiae and tarsi, brownish black.
Wings with a strong brownish tinge, the prearcular region yellowed; a restricted
but conspicuous brown pattern, as follows: A narrow seam over the cord and
outer end of cell rst M,; wing tip narrowly but evidently darkened ; a moderately
large brown area at origin of Rs, with no other darkenings basad of cord. Vena-
tion: Cell R; sessile.

In antimena, there are faint darkenings in the prearcular region and just
beyond; small spots at ends of both Anal veins, as well as at tips of veins R, and
R,, the wing tip otherwise undarkened ; very small dark spots at fork of M,,. and
at ends of outer medial veins.

Abdomen polished black; ovipositor and genital shield fulvous orange.

Holotype, 2, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8000-9000 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton). Two further females in series.

The comparisons with the hitherto described species are provided in the key.

286 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Limnophila (Afrolimnophila) dichroica sp. n. (Figs. 133 and 138)

General coloration of thorax of male light brown, darker in female; basal
flagellar segments only moderately produced; legs dark brown; wings of male
brownish yellow, restrictedly patterned with light brown, of female unpatterned ;
male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a slender simple rod, narrowed to
the acute tip; inner dististyle stout, produced outwardly into a flattened
obtuse blade, with a triangular tooth on outer margin.

Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 8-5 mm.; antenna about 1-5 mm.

Female.—Length about 8 mm.; wing 8-5 mm.

Male.—Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with scape black, pedicel and
flagellum much paler, very light brown; basal flagellar segments only slightly
produced beneath, the following ones oval, with dense pale pubescence on
lower surface, the seventh and succeeding segments longer, more glabrous, with
longer verticils. Head dark brown, very sparsely yellow pollinose.

Thoracic dorsum light cinnamon brown, the praescutum with a darker
central stripe that is darker and broader in front; posterior sclerites somewhat
more pruinose. Pleura dark brown. Halteres dark brown, the base of stem
restrictedly pale. Legs with coxae dark brown; trochanters obscure yellow;
remainder of legs dark brown, moderately hairy. Wings (Fig. 133) brownish
yellow, restrictedly patterned with light brown, including small spots at origin
of Rs, with disconnected spots in alignment with this in cell 1M and on Anal
veins; cord and outer end of cell rst M, narrowly seamed with brown; small
dark spots at fork of M@,,, and marginally at ends of veins R,,,., R, and R,;
a further small cloud near midlength of vein 2ud A ; veins brown, more yellowed
in the prearcular and costal fields. Venation: R.,3,4 very short to virtually
lacking, cell R, sessile to very short-petiolate; cell M, longer than its petiole;
m-cu at or shortly beyond midlength of cell rst M.

Abdomen dark brown; hypopygium orange. Male hypopygium (Fig. 138)
with the ninth tergite narrow, very slightly produced. Outer dististyle, d, a
slender rod that narrows to a simple acute blackened point, without major
setae but with abundant delicate setulae along the lower surface; inner style
stout, produced apically into a flattened obtuse blade, the outer margin with
a triangular tooth that bears a very long bristle on its margin at near mid-
length. Phallosome, p, with the aedeagus stout, simple; gonapophysis a very
long and narrow blade.

Female.—Generally as in male but body much darker, the entire thorax and
abdomen dark brown to brownish black. Wings very strongly darkened,
especially the costal region, disk without evident pattern. In the allotype,
cell M, shorter than its petiole. Ovipositor with the valves, especially the cerci,
long and slender, the latter gently upcurved.

Holotype, 3, without exact data but possibly Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range,

TIPULIDAE 287

133 <=
134

136

137

Fics. 133-143.—Limnophila and Atarba spp., wings and male hypopygia. (133) L. dichroica;

(134) L. diploneura; (135) L. fumivena; (136) L. prospera; (137) L. tributa; (138) L. dichyoica;

(139) L. namwambae; (140) L. vansomerent; (141) L. diploneura; (142) L. tributa; (143) A.
intermedia. a, aedeagus; d, dististyle; g, gonopophysis; p, phallosome.

UGANDA, in swamp, December 21, 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2, pinned with
type. Paratypes, 2 3, 4500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).
Nine others in series.

The characters separating this species from allied forms are shown in the key.

288 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Limnophila (Afrolimnophila) namwambae sp n. (Fig. 139)

General coloration of entire thorax dark plumbeous, opaque, praescutum
unpatterned; femora black, the bases broadly bright yellow, tibiae obscure
yellow, the tips blackened ; wings with a faint yellow tinge, extensively patterned
with pale brown, including an incomplete crossband at level of origin of Rs;
male hypopygium with the outer dististyle bearing a small spine on outer margin
before apex, inner style stout, without a spur on outer margin.

Male.—Length about 9°5 mm.; wing 10 mm.; antenna about 2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout, the basal flagellar
segments only slightly produced beneath; outer segments oval. Head darkened,
pruinose, more yellow pollinose on the broad anterior vertex behind the antennal
bases.

Thoracic dorsum almost uniformly dark plumbeous, the surface opaque;
praescutum without stripes, the pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate pits
blackened; central line of the scutum, scutellum and mediotergite narrowly
and vaguely more blackened. Pleura more heavily pruinose. Halteres with
stem brownish yellow, knob darker brown. Legs with all coxae black, sparsely
pruinose; trochanters yellow; femora black, the basal fourth or less bright
yellow; tibiae obscure yellow, the tips rather broadly blackened; tarsi black.
Wings with a faint yellow tinge, with an extensive pale brown pattern, as
follows: Postarcular; a broken band across wing at origin of Rs, interrupted in
cell M and the posterior margin of &; a conspicuous band at cord; other markings
at tip of R,,., K3, and more extensively over the wing tip; smaller areas at
ends of outer medial veins and at fork of M,,.,; veins yellow, darker in the
patterned areas. Venation: Fs long, its basal deflection short, weakly spurred;
cell R, sessile; cell rst M, subrectangular, with m-cu before midlength.

Abdomen black, opaque by a grey pruinosity. Male hypopygium generally
as in dichroica, differing in details. Posterior border of ninth tergite more
produced. Outer dististyle relatively stout, with a small lateral spine on outer
margin before apex; setulae of lower face relatively long and conspicuous;
inner style stout, without a lateral spur on outer margin. Aedeagus with the
decurved tip long and slender.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 10,200 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

The opaque plumbeous thorax of the present fly is quite different from the
condition found in the other species of the subgenus which are commonly
intense black, more or less polished.

Limnophila (Afrolimnophila) vansomereni sp. n. (Fig. 140)

General coloration of thorax black, subnitidous; femora black, with broad
yellow bases, tibiae brownish yellow; wings bright yellow, heavily and

TIPULIDAE 289

conspicuously patterned with brown; male hypopygium with a lateral spine
on outer dististyle.

Male.—Length about 8-9 mm.; wing I0-1I mm.; antenna about 2-1-2-3
mm.
Head, including rostrum and palpi, dull black. Antennae relatively short,
as shown by the measurements; scape and pedicel black, flagellum medium
brown, the outer segments darker; basal five flagellar segments produced on
lower face, with delicate plushlike setulae but no setae, outer face with strong
verticils; succeeding segments passing through long-oval to cylindrical, with
strong verticils on both faces, these considerably longer than the segments.
Anterior vertex broad, approximately five times the diameter of scape; head
narrowed behind.

Pronotum large, dull black. Mesothorax and pleura black, the surface more
or less shiny. Halteres brownish black, the base of stem restrictedly pale. Legs
with all coxae polished black; trochanters obscure yellow; femora black, the
bases yellow, narrower on the fore and middle legs where about the proximal
fourth is included, on the posterior femora involving nearly the basal third;
tibiae and basitarsi brownish yellow, the tips blackened, remainder of tarsi
black. Wings with the ground bright yellow, the prearcular and costal fields
more saturated yellow; a conspicuous brown pattern that is chiefly crossbanded,
including costal areas beyond arculus and at origin of As that are connected
behind as a major darkening in cell M, thence narrower to the posterior border
at end of vein 2nd A; a broad complete crossband at cord, further involving
outer end of cell rst M,, the centre of cell very restrictedly to scarcely brightened ;
an additional dark area at tip of R,,,; wing tip from cells R, to M3, inclusive,
connected with a large circular spot over fork of M,,.; still further darkenings
in axillary field and at midlength of cell 2nd A, extending into cell rst A; four
small brown spots at /# and in the arcular region; veins yellow, brownish black
in the patterned areas. Venation: Sc, ending nearly opposite fork of Ro, 3,4,
Sc, near its tip; Rs long, lying relatively close to vein R,; Ro,3,,4 shorter than
basal section of R,; veins R,,, and R, short, subequal; inner ends of cells Ry,
R, and rst M, in approximate transverse alignment; cell 7, about two-thirds
its petiole; m-cu shortly before midlength of cell rst M4.

Abdomen, including hypopygium black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 140) with
the posterior border of tergite separated by two low tubercles that are separated
by a very shallow emargination, each with two or three strong setae. Outer
dististyle, d, stout, narrowed to the slightly curved acute tip, on outer margin
at near three-fourths the length with an acute lateral spine; inner style with
apex obtuse, with no tooth on lateral margin. Gonapophysis and aedeagus
generally as in dichroica.

Holotype, 3, Jomdeni Hills, Kenya, May 1947 (Van Someren). Paratopotypes,
7 3, some badly broken.

290 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

I am pleased to dedicate this species to the collector, Dr. V. G. L. Van
Someren. The position and distinguishing characters of the fly are shown in
the key.

Limnophila fumivena sp. n. (Fig. 135)

General coloration grey, the praescutum with four inconspicuous brownish
grey stripes; pseudosutural foveae black, conspicuous; antennae with scape
and pedicel black, flagellum brown; halteres yellow; legs yellow, the outer
tarsal segments dark brown; wings slightly brownish yellow, the veins at cord
and outer end of cell rst M, brown; Rs long, approximately four times Ry,3,4;
cell M, shorter than its petiole.

Female.—Length about 9 mm.; wing 9 mm.

Rostrum black, pruinose; palpi black. Antennae with scape and pedicel
black, flagellum brown; basal flagellar segments oval, becoming more elongate
outwardly, verticils conspicuous. Head grey; anterior vertex broad, nearly
four times the diameter of scape.

Thorax grey, the praescutum with four inconspicuous brownish grey stripes;
pseudosutural foveae large and conspicuous, blackened; scutal lobes very
restrictedly patterned with brown. Pleura grey. Halteres pale yellow. Legs
with the coxae brownish black, sparsely pruinose; trochanters yellowish brown ;
remainder of legs yellow, the outer tarsal segments dark brown. Wings (Fig. 135)

‘slightly brownish yellow, virtually unpatterned except for a darkening of the
veins along cord and outer end of cell rst M,; remaining veins yellowed.
Venation: Sc, ending nearly opposite fork of Rs, the latter long, approximately
four times R,,3,, and in direct longitudinal alignment with it; R, faint, about
one-third R,,.; 7-m arcuated; cell M, shorter than its petiole; m-cu before
midlength of cell rst Mg.

Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor with the valves slender and nearly
straight.

Holotype, 2, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Among the regional species of these aberrant Limnophila, the present fly
is most like Limnophila prospera, sp. n., differing in the slightly patterned wings
and in the venation, as the unusually long k's. The strict systematic position of
this species, and the two that follow, remains in question. There seems to be
no question but that they are allied to L. filata (Walker), which Professor Hinton
(reference under Pseudolimnophila) has reared and places with the genus next
considered, Pilaria Sintenis, based upon the nature of the pupal breathing
horns. It may be noted that the outer dististyle of the male hypopygium is
glabrous in species of Pilavia and in Limnophila nemoralis (Meigen), whereas
in members of the filata group, with various African species that are evidently
allied, as L. suffilata Alexander (Mozambique) and L. tributa, sp. n., this structure

TIPULIDAE 291

is conspicuously setiferous. I believe that this character is of importance in
defining genera and subgenera in this section of the Hexatomini, and am still
unconvinced that such forms are correctly placed in Pilaria.

Limnophila prospera sp. n. (Fig. 136)

Size medium (wing, female, 7-5 mm.); general coloration of thorax dark
brown, scarcely patterned; legs long and slender, brown; wings with a weak
brownish tinge, the stigma vaguely indicated; A, faint; R,,3,, unusually long,
about equal to cell rst M,; cell M, small, a little exceeding one-third the length
of its petiole; cell 2nd A of moderate width.

Female.—Length about 7-5 mm.; wing 7-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scape dark brown,
pedicel and flagellum brownish black; basal flagellar segments oval, the first
longer, outer ones becoming more slender, with an abundant erect white
pubescence and long verticils. Head brownish grey, the anterior vertex clearer
grey, broad, fully three times the diameter of the scape.

Thorax almost uniformly dark brown, the dorsum very sparsely pruinose ;
pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate pits black, conspicuous, the latter placed
at near mid-distance to the anterior margin; pleura a little paler than the notum.
Halteres with stem whitened, knob weakly infuscated. Legs with coxae
darkened; trochanters brownish yellow; remainder of legs long and slender,
brown, the vestiture unusually inconspicuous. Wings (Fig. 136) with a weak
brownish tinge, stigma ill-delimited, only slightly darker than the ground;
veins brown. Venation: Sc, very short, Sc, near its tip and longer, ending shortly
beyond the fork of Rs; R, faint, about two-thirds R,,3; Ry, relatively long,
fully three times R,; R,,3,, long, about equal to cell rst M,; r-m longer than
other elements of the anterior cord, arcuated; cell M, small, a little exceeding
one-third its petiole; m-cu near midlength of cell rst M,.

Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor with the valves dark, both the cerci and
hypovalvae slender, unusually straight.

Holotype, 2, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

In its general appearance, the present fly is most similar to Limnophila
suffilata Alexander, of Mozambique, differing in the broader wings, with slightly
different venation, including wider cells rst M, and 2nd A. It is still uncertain.
as to whether cell M, in suffilata is present or lacking.

Limnophila tributa sp. n. (Fig. 137 and 142)

Size relatively small (wing, male, under 7 mm.); general coloration brownish
grey, the praescutum with four relatively inconspicuous brown stripes; tuber-
culate pits and pseudosutural foveae black, conspicuous; halteres yellow; legs

292 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

light brown; wings with a weak brownish tinge, restrictedly patterned with
darker; Rs angulated at origin, less than three times R,,3,,; male hypopygium
with the basistyle bearing an oval darkened plate on mesal face at base; outer
dististyle with long setae, outer apical angle a subappressed spine ; an accessory
setiferous tubercle in axil of the dististyles ; phallosome very small, gonapophysis
four-toothed.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 6-7 mm.; antenna about I-I mm.

Rostrum brownish black, pruinose; palpi black. Antennae moderately long;
scape black, sparsely pruinose, pedicel dark brown, flagellum paler brown; first
flagellar segment long, nearly equal to the succeeding two combined ; outer seg-
ments elongate, with long conspicuous verticils. Head brownish black, pruinose.

Pronotum relatively large, dark brown, pruinose. Mesonotal praescutum
brownish grey, with four relatively inconspicuous brown stripes, the intermediate
pair separated; both the pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate pits black,
conspicuous, the latter lying far forward, only about their own length from the
anterior border; scutum grey, the lobes patterned with brown; posterior sclerites
of notum and the pleura dark grey. Halteres relatively long, yellow. Legs with
the coxae infuscated, more yellowed at tips; trochanters yellow; remainder of
legs light brown, the outer tarsal segments darker. Wings (Fig. 137) with a weak
brownish tinge, the prearcular and costal fields somewhat more yellowed; a
restricted inconspicuous brown pattern, including small spots at origin of Fs,
fork of Sc, cord, outer end of cell rst M,, Ry, fork of M,,,, and small marginal
spots at ends of veins near wing tip; veins obscure yellow, brown in the patterned
areas. Venation: Sc, ending opposite fork of Rs, Sc, near its tip; Rs angulated
and weakly spurred at origin, relatively short, less than three times Ro,3,4;
R,,3 and R, subequal; cell M, subequal to its petiole ; m longer than basal section
of M,; m-cu at near one-third the length of cell rst M,; cell 2nd A long. One
wing of the type has the spur of a vein from vein R, near its tip.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 142) with the basistyle
relatively long; mesal face at near three-fourths the length a little indented or
constricted; what seems to represent an interbase appears as an oval darkened
plate, its apex obtuse, surface glabrous. Outer dististyle, d, darkened, a little
dilated at near midlength and here with several long setae; apex with outer
angle produced into a subappressed spine that bears a tiny spinule on its outer
margin near base; inner apical angle produced into a stout lobe; inner style
shorter and more fleshy, with long coarse setae; a smaller accessory setiferous
lobule in the axil of the two major styles. Phallosome small, apophysis with four
teeth; aedeagus very small and weak.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANnpDa, 4500 ft., December 1934—
January 1935 (Edwards).

The comparisons with other regional members of the filata group have been
indicated in the key.

TIPULIDAE 293

Pilaria Sintenis

Pilavia Sintenis; Sitzber. Nat.-Ges. Dorpat, 8: 398; 1888.
Eulimnophila Alexander; Cornell Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 25: 917; 1919.

A few typical representatives of the genus are found, all presenting a character-
istic appearance by having whitened tarsi.

KEY TO PILARIA

1. Legs with all tarsi more or less snowy white; mesonotal praescutum yellowish
brown to black : ; 2

Legs with the fore and middle tarsi infuscated, the posterior Hibine and taisi

dirty white; mesonotal praescutum fulvous yellow. (Uganda: Ruwenzori)
subalbipes, sp. n.

Wings strongly infuscated, the stigma darker, with numerous strong trichia

over the entire area; veins R, and R,,, subequal; hind tarsus nearly as

long as the tibia, the two outer segments darkened. (Belgian Congo)
chionomera Alexander

Wings weakly darkened, the stigmal area less conspicuous, without trichia or

with these few and restricted to the posterior border of the area; vein

R, at or close to fork of R2,3,4, Re,3 very short to obsolete; tarsi
proportionately shorter, especially in brevitarsis . 3

3. Wings with vein Sc long, Sc, ending about opposite two- thirds Rs; antennae

of male longer, if bent backward, extending about to the third abdominal

segment; mesonotal praescutum with sparse long setae, more glabrous

anteriorly; tarsi short, only a little more than one-half as long as the
tibia. (Kenya: Aberdares) : brevitarsis, sp. n.

Wings with vein Sc short, Sc, ending nearly opposite midlength of Rs; antennae

of male shorter, if bent backward extending about to base of second

abdominal segment; vestiture of mesonotal praescutum abundant, very

short and dense, well-distributed over the sclerite; tarsi longer, nearly
three-fourths as long as the tibia. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) brevivena, sp. n.

iS)

Pilaria brevitarsis sp. n.

Mesonotal praescutum and scutal lobes polished black, remainder of thorax
yellow; antennae of male long, if bent backward extending about to the third
abdominal segment; vestiture of praescutum long but sparse; legs dark brown,
outer half of basitarsus and second tarsal segment white ; tarsi short, only a little
more than one-half the tibia; wings with a weak brownish tinge, the slightly
darker stigma without trichia; Sc short, Sc, ending about opposite two-
thirds Rs.

Male.—Length about 7-5 mm.; wing 8 mm.; antenna about 3-7—-3-9 mm.;
tibia 6-5 mm.; tarsus about 3-6 mm.

Female.—Length about Io mm.; wing 9-5 mm.; antenna about 3 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi dark brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel
dark brown, flagellum black; organ elongate in male, if bent backward extending
to the third abdominal segment; flagellar segments long cylindrical, exceeding

294 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

the unilaterally arranged verticils. Head above black, brownish grey pruinose,
genae and lower surface obscure yellow.

Pronotum obscure yellow. Mesonotum obscure yellow, the praescutum and
scutal lobes polished black; pleura and pleurotergite yellow. Vestiture of prae-
scutum long and sparse but conspicuous, lacking on the polished anterior third
of sclerite. Halteres brown, base of stem yellowed. Legs with coxae and tro-
chanters yellow; femora obscure yellow basally, passing into dark brown; tibiae
brown; tarsi dark brown, the outer half or more of basitarsi, together with the
second segment, white ; as compared with chionomera, tarsi short, only alittle more
than one-half the tibia. Wings with a weak brownish tinge, the small oval
stigma darker brown; prearcular and costal fields a trifle more yellowed; veins
brown. Stigma without trichia. Venation: Sc short, Sc, ending about opposite
two-thirds Rs, Scg near its tip; R, oblique, close to fork of R,,3,4; cell zst M,
subequal to its petiole; cell rst M, broad, about one-half longer than wide ; m-cu
shortly beyond midlength of cell rst M,; cell 2nd‘A broad, approximately equal
to basal half of cell rs¢.A.

Abdominal tergites, with the hypopygium, dark brown to brownish black;
basal sternites paler.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, Kenya, 8000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotype, 3. Five others in series.

Comparisons with related species are given in the key.

Pilaria brevivena sp. n.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 7 mm.; antenna about 2:9 mm.; tibia
5°5 mm.; tarsus 4°I mm.

Generally similar to Pilaria brevitarsis, sp. n., differing as follows: Size smaller.
Antennae shorter, if bent backward extending about to base of second abdominal
segment; verticils longer than the segments. Lateral praescutal borders broadly
yellow; vestiture of mesonotum very short and dense, extending virtually to the
cephalic end of praescutum; scutellum weakly infuscated. Halteres more
uniformly darkened. Legs with the tarsi longer in proportion to the tibiae, as
shown by the measurements (middle leg); tips of basitarsi more narrowly
whitened. Wings very weakly darkened; stigma very small and inconspicuous,
pale brown, with a few trichia along its posterior border. Venation: Sc short,
Sc, ending nearly opposite midlength of Rs, Sc, near its tip; R, at or close to
fork of Ry,3,4; cell rst M, somewhat longer and narrower, approximately twice
as long as broad.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). A few further specimens in series,
which also included Pilaria subalbipes, sp. n.

TIPULIDAE 295

Pilaria subalbipes sp. n.

Female.—Length about 5:5 mm.; wing 5 mm.; hind tibia 4-7 mm.; tarsus
3°5 mm.

Generally as in brevitarsis, sp. n., differing as follows:

Head reddish brown. Mesonotal praescutum and scutum uniformly fulvous
yellow, the posterior sclerites and the pleura clearer yellow. Mesonotal setae
sparse and scattered, elongate. Legs with the fore and middle pairs with tarsi
infuscated, the posterior tarsi and outer end of tibia dirty white, the outer
tarsal segments weakly infuscated ; posterior tarsi of female about two-thirds the
tibia. Wings with stigma relatively extensive but pale and inconspicuous; no
stigmal trichia; R, about one-third its length beyond fork of R,,3,4; m-cu far
distad, at near three-fourths the length of cell rst M,. Abdominal tergites dark
brown, the sternites and genital shield yellowed.

Holotype, 2, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANnpbA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). This species was included with the
series of Pilaria brevivena, sp. nN.

Hexatoma atreille

Hexatoma Latreille; Gen. Crust. et Ins., 4: 260; 1809.
Anisomera Meigen; Syst. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins., r: 210; 1818.

Subgenus Eriocera Macquart

Eviocera Macquart; Dipt. Exot., 1: 74; 1838.

The vast subgenus Evzocera has representatives in all major faunal regions of
the world, best-developed in the Neotropical and Oriental regions, poorest in the
Australasian. In Africa there are evidently rather abundant species, not only on
the mainland but also on the satellite islands of Madagascar and the Seychelles.

Key To HEXATOMA

1. Two branches of M reach the wing si cell M, open. (Subgenus Parahexa-

toma Alexander) 2 : 7 2

Three branches of M reach the Ste marpin: cell rst M, closed. (Subgenus
Eviocera Macquart) 3

2. Vein Ro,3,, shorter than R3,4, the latter longer than Ry; Pop long, Se, ending
about opposite fork of Rs. (Seychelles). ‘ . luteipennis (Edwards)

Vein R,,3,, longer than R,,,4, the latter shorter than R,; Sc short, Sc, ending
beyond midlength of Rs. (Seychelles) : . ferruginea (Edwards)
3. Vein Sc short, Sc, ending some distance before fork of Rs. (Seychelles). A 4
Vein Sc long, ending opposite or beyond fork of Rs. (Continental Africa) : 5

4. Macrotrichia present in outer wing cells; wings smoky. (Seychelles)
obscuripennis (Edwards)
No macrotrichia in outer wing cells; wings smoky along the veins, the centres
of the cells whitened. (Seychelles) . : : . fuscinervis (Edwards)

206

ro,

1

D2,

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.
18.

19.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Wings brown, with three marginal white spots in outer radial field.
(Mozambique) : . ; : y F ; . albonotata (Loew)
Wings not patterned as above . 6
Femora brown, with a broad yellow mae peters tip, this more extensive than
the darkened apex. (French West Africa: Ivory Coast)
flavocincta (Alexander)
Femora uniform in colour, or with a vague narrow pale ring on the fore legs, in
such cases (monroviae, evanescens), the band much narrower than the

darkened apex ‘ 7
Wings with vein R, beyond the fork of Rie on RS subequal to Reis; antennae

short in both sexes . 2 8
Wings with vein FR, before, at, or close to fork of Ree antennae of ‘male, cwhere

known, very long, exceeding the body in length : 13
Wings with a strong dark brown to blackish tinge, without distinct markings ‘ 9
Wings brighter, with a heavy brown pattern, especially distinct along the cord.

(Cameroons) . : . helophila (Alexander)

Cell zst M, small, all veins beyond the cord elongated, approximately twice the
cell or longer; R,,, much longer than cell rst M,. (Cameroons)
evamescens (Alexander)
Cell zst M, large, the veins issuing from it correspondingly shortened, M,

subequal to or shorter than the cell; R,,. shorter ; : P : 10
Thorax entirely black or brownish black; legs entirely black : 4 5 II
At least the mesonotal scutellum and mediotergite yellow. : 12
Wings broad, less than four times as rae as wide; macrotrichia of. veins sparse,

lacking on M. (Nigeria) . : commutabilis (Alexander)
Wings narrow, more than four times as long as wide; all branches of MM with

abundant trichia. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . ‘ tvichoneura, sp. 0.
Thoracic pleura and most of coxae black or brownish black: abdomen beyond

base black. (Sierra Leone) : . leonensis (Alexander)

Thoracic pleura and coxae chiefly pale; abdomen’ mostly yellow, including the
hypopygium, the subterminal segments blackened. (Liberia)
monroviae (Alexander)
Vein R, slightly beyond fork of Roi5,4; Ry,» R, and R,,, all subequal.
(Liberia; Ivory Coast; Nyasaland; Southern Rhodesia) tumidiscapa (Alexander)

Vein FR, at or before fork of Ry,5,, - : 14
R, far beer’ fork of Ro,3,4, cell Ry very small, the oblique Rg shorter than Rois:
(Uganda: Ruwenzori) : : brevifurca, sp. n.
R, at or shortly before fork of Reis in the extreme latter case (humilis), Rg
longer than R,,, . : é 15
Size small (wing 9 mm. or less); pales of Guiposites short and fleshy : : 16
Size larger (wing II mm. or less); valves of ovipositor long and sclerotised
(except in hargreavesi) . 18
General coloration brown; legs yellowish brown, the femora ‘and tibiae tipped
with darker. (Extralimital: Transvaal) . 5 . humilis (Alexander)
General coloration black; legs black or brownish black : : 17
Size larger (wing of male 8-5-9 mm.). (Extralimital: Transvaal) capensis (Alexander)
Size small (wing of male 7 mm.). (Nigeria; Nyasaland) : pusilla (Alexander)
General coloration shiny black; legs black; costal margin of wing dark brown.
(Nyasaland) . s : . nyasicola (Alexander)

General coloration grey, brown, or yellowish brown, mesonotal praescutum
with three or four darker brown stripes; posterior femora yellowish,

narrowly tipped with brown; wings with costal margin but little suffused. 19
Mesonotal praescutum yellowish brown, with three slightly darker brown stripes;
ovipositor with fleshy valves. (Sierra Leone) ; . hargreavesi Alexander

Mesonotal praescutum grey or brown, with four darker brown stripes; ovipositor,
where known, with elongate sclerotised valves. 3 9 6 20

TIPULIDAE 297

20. Wing pattern more uniform, the veins evenly bordered by darker; stigma small,
not preceded or followed by subhyaline areas; R, usually equal to or
longer than R,,3,4; ARs long, more than twice R,,5,4. (Liberia; Ivory
Coast; Nyasaland; Southern Rhodesia) : : tumidiscapa (Alexander)
Wing pattern conspicuously variegated, with a distinct but restricted dark
pattern, including all of cell R,; stigma preceded and followed by small
whitish subhyaline areas; R, shorter than R,,.,,,4; Rs shorter, only
about one-half longer than R,,3,4. (French Equatorial Africa: Gabon)
globiceps (Alexander)

Hexatoma (Eriocera) brevifurca sp. n. (Fig. 144)

Size medium (wing, male, Io mm.); antennae of male elongate, approxi-
mately twice the wing; general coloration of entire body dark brown; vertical
tubercle large, bulbous; wings with a brownish tinge; veins glabrous, with
relatively sparse trichia on distal section of vein RF; cell R; very small, triangular
in outline, vein R, oblique, shorter than R,,,; ovipositor with long slender
valves.

Male.—Length about 7-7-5 mm.; wing Io mm.; antenna about Ig-20 mm.

Female.—Length about 8-5 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi very reduced, brown. Antennae of male about twice as
long as wing, dark brown; flagellar segments very long cylindrical, with scattered
strong emergence setae almost to end of organ. In female, antennae short,
seven-segmented, if bent backward not quite reaching wing root; terminal seg-
ment a little longer than the penultimate. Head dark brown; vertical tubercle
very large, bulbous.

Thorax almost uniformly dark brown, the surface subnitidous; praescutum
with three scarcely indicated darker stripes. Halteres dark brown. Legs with
coxae and trochanters dark brown; remainder of legs a little paler, especially the
femoral bases. Wings (Fig. 144) with a brownish tinge, the small stigma, and the
prearcular and costal fields a trifle darker; veins brown. Veins glabrous; distal
section of R, with relatively sparse scattered trichia. Venation: Sc long, Sc,
ending opposite or shortly beyond level of 7-m, Sc, some distance from its tip;
Rs long, subequal to distal section of R;; R,,, and R, subequal; cell R, very
small, triangular, vein Rk, oblique, shorter than R,,4; m-cu about one-half its
length beyond fork of M, subequal to or a little longer than the distal section of
City.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Ovipositor with long and
slender valves.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2, Paratype, 3, Bwamba
Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, 5500-7500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Eight further specimens in series. Edwards notes that the flies
were found in or near stream beds.

Most similar to Hexatoma (Eriocera) dysantes Alexander, of Madagascar,

298 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

which differs in the still longer male antennae, coloration of the body, wings and
legs, and in the venation, as the more longitudinal vein R, and the differently
shaped cell.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) trichoneura sp. n. (Fig. 145)

Size medium (wing, male, about 12 mm.); general coloration of body and
appendages black; antennae of male short; wings with a strong blackish
suffusion, more suffused in the prearcular and costal fields; veins beyond cord
with abundant long trichia; R, about one-third R,,.; cell rst M, subequal in
length to vein M,.

Male.—Length about 95-10 mm.; wing II-I2 mm.; antenna about 1-4—
1-5 mm.

Mouthparts very reduced, brown. Antennae short, brownish black, pedicel
a trifle paler ; first flagellar segment longest. Head dark brown.

Mesonotum black, the posterior sclerites with a sparse rusty pollen, surface
glabrous. Pleura black, pleurotergite slightly more liver-coloured. Halteres very
short, brownish black. Legs brownish black. Wings (Fig. 145) with a strong
blackish suffusion, best marked in the prearcular and costal fields; vague paler
streaks in centres of the Cubital and Anal cells; veins brown. Veins beyond cord
with abundant long trichia. Venation: Sc, ending about opposite two-fifths the
length of Ry,3,4, Sc2z about opposite 7-m; R, about one-third R,,,; cell rst My,
rectangular, about as long as vein M,; m-cu from one-third to one-fourth its
length beyond fork of M.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotypes, 2 3. Six additional specimens in
series. Edwards noted that the specimens were taken while flying with the
somewhat superficially similar Dicranoptycha atricolor Alexander.

In its general appearance the present species is most like Hexatoma (Eriocera)
evanescens (Alexander) of the Cameroons, being readily separated by the
characters given in the key.

Elephantomyia Osten Sacken
Elephantomyia Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859: 220; 1859.

A very distinct genus that is well-characterised by the very elongate rostrum,
with the reduced palpi at the tip. The only other group with a similar rostrum is
the Eriopterine genus Toxorhina, discussed later. It should be observed that in
the present fauna, in the genus Helius, there are a few species with moderately
lengthened beaks that might possibly be confused with this genus and may prove
to be more nearly allied than we have believed to the present time. Elephanto-
mia is represented by rather numerous species in the Ethiopian region, including
Madagascar.

ro.

nee oS

TIPULIDAE 299

Kery To ELEPHANTOMYIA

Rs nearly if not quite in alignment with its posterior branch, the basal deflection
of the latter very short or obliterated :

Basal deflection of R, distinct, subequal to y-m; Rs more in AGenment wich its
anterior hemelh ;

Mesonotal praescutum dusky, with three paler brownish yellow stripes. (Sierra
Leone) , . hargveavesi Alexander

Mesonotal prmescuturn pale, athe one or more darker stripes : 3

Mesonotal praescutum with a single dark brown median stripe; thoracic pleura
yellow, conspicuously variegated with dark brown. (Belgian Congo:

nN

Katanga) : pictithovax Alexander
Mesonotal praescutum with ee Wellamich or ehripes: thoracic pleura
ferruginous. (French West Africa: Ivory Coast) . flaveola Pierre

Both branches of fs extending generally parallel to one another, cell R, at
margin thus extensive, in most species wider than cell R, (in neavei,
branches slightly more divergent, cell R, at margin about one-half
wider than R,) c 5

Anterior branch of Fs relatively short, diversing Srrouely from the oes
branch, cell R, at margin narrower than cell R, ; 3 : I

Wings with a brown Seer along cord and outer end of cell rst M,

Wings hyaline or subhyaline, the cord not or scarcely seamed with dabicct

Abdominal tergites bicoloured, the bases pale, apices broadly dark brown

Outer abdominal segments uniformly darkened, or paler with yellowed lateral
borders, without darkened posterior margins

Wing pattern faint and diffuse, relatively inconspicuous, including ‘the band at
cord; cell 2nd A broader, at its widest point about equal to cell R,.
(Seychelles; Nyasaland) . : insularis Eder

Wing pattern extensive, the areas darker coloured, the dark band at cord
broad and conspicuous; cell 2nd A narrow, at its widest point about
two-thirds cell R,. (Uganda: Ruwenzori; Kenya: Elgon) . satura, sp. nN.

Thoracic dorsum subglabrous or with the vestiture exceedingly sparse;
abdominal tergites beyond the third brownish black, the outer lateral
margin with a linear whitened marking; male hypopygium with the
outer dististyle having abundant microscopic setulae on outer third.
(Uganda: Ruwenzori) : ‘ ; glabrata, sp. n.

Thoracic dorsum with very abundant erect setae on the praescutal disk and
scutal lobes; abdominal tergites almost uniformly cinnamon brown, the
lateral borders more yellowed; male hypopygium with the outer

NO ON

ee}

dististyle glabrous. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . : : a setosa, sp. n.
Branches of fs divergent; m-cu before fork of MW. (Nyasaland) neavet Alexander
Branches of Rs extending nearly parallel to one another to the margin; m-cu

at or beyond the fork of M/ : : ‘ 5 10

Mesonotal praescutum shiny black, only the humeral region paler; (pleura with
a black dorsal spot; legs dark brown; abdominal tergites dull yellow,
the bases and apices of the segments narrowly infuscated). (Nigeria;

Cameroons) . : nitidithovax Alexander
Mesonotal praescutum with the ground colour pale! yellowish or grey, with
distinct stripes : 11

Mesonotum yellow, with a Sous pecan line extending to base of abdomen:
pleura yellow; legs pale testaceous; (abdominal tergites annulated brown
and yellow, the basal half of each segment brown, the apical half yellow).
(Extralimital: Cape Province—Caffraria) . é wahlbergi Bergroth
Mesonotal praescutum grey, with three brownish black stripes; posterior
sclerites of mesonotum blackened; pleura plumbeous; legs black.
(Belgian Congo: Katanga) : : : - : schwetzi Alexander

300 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

12. Anterior branch of Rs very short, gently sinuous, cell R, at margin very narrow,
not exceeding one-fifth that of cell R,; m-cu at or just before fork of M.
(Sierra Leone) : P : ; ; ‘ cevatocheiloides Alexander
Anterior branch of Fs longer, nearly straight, cell R, at margin wider, a little
less than cell R,; m-cu beneath cell rst My. (Extralimital: Cape Province)
aurvantiaca Alexander

The specimen of Elephantomyia insularis upon which the above comparisons
were made is a metatype from Nyasaland, received from Edwards. I have not
seen other material of this species.

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) glabrata sp. n. (Figs. 146 and 148)

Rostrum elongate, subequal to the body ; mesonotum rich brown, praescutum
subglabrous; femora yellowed basally, the tips darker; wings with a brownish
tinge, restrictedly patterned with still darker; basal three abdominal tergites
more or less bicoloured, obscure brownish yellow, the posterior borders infuscated ;
succeeding segments uniformly brownish black; basal three sternites yellow,
succeeding ones abruptly black; male hypopygium with distal third of outer
dististyle with abundant microscopic setulae; phallosome with aedeagus short,
gonapophyses of the two sides apparently asymmetrical.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 7 mm. ; wing 8 mm. ; rostrum about
7mm.

Rostrum elongate, equalling the body and nearly as long as wing, black
throughout. Antennae black, the scape and pedicel a trifle paler; verticils of
outer flagellar segments long and conspicuous. Head dark brown; anterior
vertex about equal in width to the diameter of the scape.

Cervical sclerites cinnamon brown; pronotum slightly darker. Mesonotum
rich brown, the disk of praescutum somewhat darker than the borders, the usual
stripes confluent or virtually so; vestiture of notum exceedingly sparse, surface
subglabrous; scutal lobes slightly darker brown; scutellum broadly bordered
with obscure yellow, the base medially dark brown; postnotum dark brown,
sparsely pruinose. Halteres with stem pale, knob weakly infuscated. Legs with
coxae and trochanters yellow; femora yellow basally, tips darker; tibiae and
tarsi medium brown; no tibial spurs. Wings (Fig. 146) with a brownish tinge,
patterned with still darker brown at stigma and narrowly over cord and outer
end of cell rst M,; veins brown. Venation: Sc, ending shortly before level of
fork of Rs, Sc, close to its tip; branches of Rs generally parallel to one another
throughout their lengths; m-cu some distance beyond fork of M, the distance
variable; cell 2nd A narrow.

Abdomen with basal three tergites more or less bicoloured, obscure brownish
yellow, the posterior borders infuscated, the succeeding segments brownish
black, on outer lateral margins with a linear whitened marking; three basal
sternites uniformly yellow, the succeeding ones abruptly black; segments eight

TIPULIDAE 301

and nine yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 148) with a concentration of strong
setae on mesal face of basistyle, 6, near proximal end. Dististyles, d, slightly
subterminal in position, especially the inner one; outer style more slender,
unequally bidentate at tip, the axial spine longer and strongly decurved, outer
third of style with microscopic setulae; inner style with outer third narrowed
and darkened, with about four strong setae. Phallosome apparently with the
apophyses asymmetrical, on one side being smaller and more slender; aedeagus
small, subequal in length to the apophyses.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANpbaA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Two species were included in the
two specimens sent to me, the other one being the type of Elephantomyia setosa.
Two further specimens in series, which may pertain to either of the above.
Edwards further indicated that the species occurred on tree-trunks, in cases in
association with a third species, FE. satura, sp. n.

The present fly is generally similar to Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) setosa,
sp. n., as shown in the key. It is possible that the apex of the aedeagus of the
unique type is broken and that the organ actually is somewhat longer than
indicated. Edwards (in litt.) called to my attention the whitened spots on
sides of the abdominai tergites, which seem to represent a normal condition of
the species.

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) satura sp. n.

Rostrum elongate, subequal to the body; general coloration of the mesonotal
praescutum reddish brown, with three darker brown stripes, surface nearly
glabrous; wings faintly infuscated, the brown pattern conspicuous; cell 2nd A
narrow; abdominal tergites bicoloured, light brown, the posterior borders
darker; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle slender, glabrous.

_ Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 7-5-8 mm.; wing 9-10 mm.;
rostrum about 7-5-8 mm.

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 8-5 mm.; wing 8 mm.; rostrum
about 7 mm.

Rostrum elongate, subequal to remainder of body, brownish black through-
out. Antennae with scape dark brown, pedicel paler, flagellum black; verticils,
especially of outer segments, very long. Head brownish grey, clearer grey
surrounding the antennal bases; anterior vertex very narrow, only about one-
half the diameter of scape.

Cervical region light brown; pronotum concolorous, darker anteriorly.
Mesonotal praescutum with the ground reddish brown, with three darker brown
stripes, the median one more conspicuous, broadened on posterior half, split
behind by the ground colour; lateral praescutal borders more pruinose ; vestiture
of praescutum very sparse, restricted to a few relatively long setae on the
anterior interspaces; scutal lobes conspicuously dark brown, the median region

302 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

146

147

Fics. 144-153.—Hexatoma (Eviocera), Elephantomyia, Limnophilomyia and Gonomyia spp.

wings and male hypopygia. (144) H. brevifurca; (145) H. trvichoneuva; (146) E. glabrata;

(147) L. edwardsomyia; (148) E. glabvata; (149) E. setosa; (150) L. edwardsomyia; (151) L.

nivetpes; (152) G. callisto; (153) G. evicavrum. a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallo-
some; ¢, tergite.

more yellowed; scutellum weakly darkened, mediotergite more heavily so, more
or less pruinose. Pleura light brown, the sternopleurite, meron and pleurotergite
somewhat darker; dorsal pteropleurite yellowed. Halteres with stem pale,
knob weakly darkened. Legs with coxae and trochanters light brown or
brownish yellow; femora brown, paler basally, more infuscated at tip; tibiae
dark brown; tarsi brown; major setae of segments relatively numerous and
conspicuous. Wings with the ground faintly infuscated, with an unusually

TIPULIDAE 303

heavy and conspicuous brown pattern, including a large spot at origin of Rs,
stigma, a broad band at cord and a narrower one over outer end of cell rst M,;
elsewhere on disk, particularly in the Cubital and Anal fields, the ground a
trifle more darkened than elsewhere; veins brown. Venation: Sc, ending just
before fork of Rs, Sc, near its tip; branches of Rs generally parallel to one
another, the anterior one sinuous beneath the stigma, cell R, at margin nearly
twice cell R,; m-cu from one-third to more than one-half its length beyond fork
of M; cell 2nd A narrow.

Abdominal tergites weakly bicoloured, light brown, the posterior borders
darker brown; sternites and hypopygium light yellow; subterminal segments
generally yellow, without a darkened ring. Male hypopygium with the outer
dististyle slender, glabrous, the curved axial spine stout; inner style narrow
and darkened on outer third, with four strong setae. Phallosome with aedeagus
and apophyses relatively short, not greatly unequal in length.

Holotype, 3, Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5500-
7500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 9, Fort Portal,
Ruwenzori Range, 4000 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Para-
types, I broken specimen, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935; I 5, Mount Elgon, forest zone, Kenya, 8500 ft.,
February 1935 (Edwards). Eight further specimens in series. Note occurrence
of this fly, as discussed under the preceding species.

The most similar species is Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) insularis Edwards,
which differs in coloration, as indicated in the key.

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) setosa sp. n. (Fig. 149)

Rostrum elongate, slightly exceeding the body; mesonotal praescutum
cinnamon brown, the central region, with the scutal lobes, with abundant erect
black setulae; femora brownish yellow, the tips narrowly darkened; wings
weakly suffused with brown, very vaguely patterned with darker; no distinct
markings basad of cord; abdominal tergites cinnamon brown, the lateral borders
more yellowed; outer dististyle of male hypopygium without setulae; aedeagus
much longer than the symmetrical gonapophyses.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 6-5 mm.; wing 7-5 mm.; rostrum
about 7 mm.

Rostrum medium brown, longer than remainder of body. Antennae with
scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum black; flagellar segments sub-
cylindrical, with very long verticils. Head brownish grey; anterior vertex
narrower than the diameter of scape.

Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum light brown. Mesonotal praescutum
with disk almost uniformly cinnamon brewn, the humeral region more yellowed,
the central area with very abundant short erect black setae, these likewise on

304 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

scutal lobes; posterior sclerites of notum slightly darker brown, especially the
mediotergite and posterior margin of scutellum; posterior area of each scutal
lobe with a transverse yellow callosity. Pleura and pleurotergite more testaceous
yellow. Halteres pale. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow ; femora brownish
yellow, the tips narrowly and very vaguely darkened, the bases clearer yellow;
tibiae and tarsi brown, the outer tarsal segments darker; tibiae with scattered
erect bristles. Wings weakly suffused with brown, very vaguely patterned with
darker brown, including the cord and outer end of cell zst M,; stigma darkened;
no distinct darkenings at origin of Rs or elsewhere basad of cord; veins brown.
Costal fringe dense, appressed. Venation: ks weakly angulated to short-
spurred near origin; branches of Fs virtually parallel to one another, cell R, at
margin wide; cell rst M, large, rectangular; m-cu about one-third to one-fourth
its length beyond fork of M; cell 2nd A relatively narrow.

Abdominal tergites almost uniformly cinnamon brown, the lateral borders
more yellowed; sternites paler, especially the yellowed posterior margins;
subterminal segments slightly more infuscated; hypopygium brownish yellow.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 149) generally as in glabrata; outer dististyle, d, shorter
and broader, without setulae. Modified setae on mesal face of basistyle stout,
blackened. Aedeagus longer, both apophyses slender, subequal.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934—
January 1935 (Edwards). Confused in collection with glabrata, sp. n.; two further
specimens under this number.

The distinctions from Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) glabrata, sp. n., are
indicated in the key.

Atarba Osten Sacken
Atarba Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., 4: 127-128; 1869.

The genus Afarba is poorly represented in the Ethiopian region, the great
centre for the group being the Neotropics. Representatives are found in all
major faunal regions, including Madagascar and New Zealand.

Key TO ATARBA

1. Cell rst M, closed. (Uganda; Southern Rhodesia) 5 E vhodesiae Alexander
Cell M, open by atrophy of m . i : 2
2. Antennae shorter, approximately two- thirds as long as abdomen: femoral tips
very broadly brownish black, on fore legs involving about the outer

two-thirds; m-cu before fork of M. (Kenya: Elgon) . . imtevmedia, sp. n.
Antennae longer, nearly as long as abdomen; femoral tips more narrowly
darkened; m-cu beyond fork of M. (Kenya) . : jeannelt (Riedel)

Atarba lamellaris Speiser, described from the Cameroons, is a species of
Gonomyia (Lipophleps), discussed later.

TIPULIDAE 305

Atarba (Atarbodes) intermedia sp. n.

Male.—Length about 5°3-5°5 mm.; wing 6-3-6-5 mm.; antenna about
2°6-2°8 mm.

Comparisons with jeanneli are based on Riedel’s description and figures.
Antennae somewhat shorter, especially in the paratype, where it is less than the
abdomen. Knobs of halteres dark brown, whitened in jeanneli. Legs with the
femoral tips very broadly brownish black, on fore legs including about the
outer two-thirds, on posterior legs nearly the outer half; tarsi black. Venation:
Cell M, open by atrophy of m, as in jeanneli; m-cu some distance before fork of
M, approximately one-third to one-fourth its own length. Abdomen light
brown, segments seven to nine, inclusive, black, to form a conspicuous ring;
remainder of hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium generally as in rhodesiae;
dististyle single, the outer spinous lobe slender. Aedeagus relatively short;
gonapophyses with terminal spines very long.

Holotype, 3, Mount Elgon, KENnyA, heath zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., February
1935 (Edwards). One further male in series. Pavatypes, 2 3, Mount Elgon,
zone de Bruyeres, Camp III, 3500 metres, January 1933 (Omo Expedition).

Atarba (Atarbodes) jeanneli (Riedel)

Liponeuva Jeanneli Riedel; Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afrique Orientale (1911-1912),
Ins. Dipt., 11, Nematocera polyneura, pp. 79-80, Fig. 7 (venation), Fig. 8 (antenna
3); 1914.
Kenya: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards).
Determined by Edwards; material not seen by me.
Riedel’s type was likewise from Kenya.

Atarba (Atarbodes) rhodesiae Alexander
Atarba (Atarbodes) rhodesiae Alexander; Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London (B, Taxonomy),
17: 20-21; 1948.
UGANDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Two further females in series.
Types and additional material were from the Chirinda Forest, Southern
Rhodesia, taken by Cuthbertson.

ERIOPTERINI

The tribe Eriopterini includes the greater proportion of the small and medium
sized members of the family in the region. The genera may be arranged in the
following eight groups which might be considered as representing sub-tribes.

1. Lecteria.
2. Conosia, Clydonodozus.
3. Trentepohlia.

306

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

4. Gonomyia, Teucholabis, Gymnastes, Hovamyia, Gnophomyia.
5. Limnophilomyia.

6. Molophilus, Tastocera, Cryptolabis, Ormosia, Erioptera.

7. Styringomyia

8. Toxorhina.

The extralimital Rhabdomastix is still another genus that does not fall

readily in any of the above groups and should probably be separated as a ninth
division.

13.

KEY TO THE ERIOPTERINI

Cell M,, present; Sc very long, Sc, ending close to tip of vein Bist or aes

the level of 7-m A : 2
Cell M, lacking; Sc generally shorter (compare Te eperiay é é 4
Rs (one, lying close to vein R, in direct longitudinal alignment with ee

vein i, bent strongly eae near its tip; maxillary palpi four-

GRE : Lecteria
Rs shorter, not lying close to vein R: vein BR not strongly upturned at tip;
maxillary palpi one-segmented, long- Hevaate : 3

Crossvein v-m lying far distad, at or beyond level of outer end of cell Ist M, Conosia
Crossvein v-m more proximal in position, at or before midlength of cell Ist M,
Clydonodozus
Vein R, fused with M,,, to form the anterior border of cell M, or rst M,, v-m
thus obliterated; veins Cu, and zst A commonly fused at margin, closing
cell Cu (except in Paramongoma and a few species of Tventepohlia, s.s.)

Trentepohlia

Vein R, not fused with M,,., v-m preserved; cell Cu widely open at margin . 5
Rostrum elongate, approximately one-half the body or more; setae of legs

profoundly bifid. : : : ‘ é . TLoxorhina

Rostrum not produced; setae of legs simple : : 6
Rk, ending at or near midlength of wing; anterior branch of Rs short, erect or

suberect, ending before three-fourths the length of wing é Styringomyia

Rk, ending at or beyond two-thirds the length of wing; anterior branch of Fs
elongate, at origin extending generally parallel to the as branch,

ending beyond four-fifths the length of wing n 7
Middle and hind coxae approximated, eae the size of the meron which is
not larger than the mid-coxa . 8
Middle and hind coxae more separated, the meron large, more extensive than
the mid-coxa, producing a “‘pot-bellied’’ appearance . : 3 : 15
Two branches of Rs reach the wing margin : : ; E ; ‘ 9
Three branches of Rs reach the wing margin : : j : II
Vein R, lacking : 3 : 5 A a 4 : “Gonomyia, in part
Vein R, present : : : é 10
Sc long, Sc, ending about opposite midleagth of Rs : : Teutholabie in part
Sc short, Sc, ending opposite origin of Rs or nearly so . : é . Gymnastes
Cell R, deep, longer than its petiole. F : 2 é ; : . 12
Cell R, small, Sones than its petiole : , 13
Rs in ener longitudinal alignment with R,; dace with microscopic teeth
Limnophilomyia
Fs not in direct longitudinal alignment with F;; claws simple : Gnophomyia
Vein R, present Q : : é . é : ‘ Teucholabis, in part

Vein FR, lacking 5 ; : ‘ : : ¢ : : ‘ : 14

TIPULIDAE 307

14. Vein Sc short, Sc, ending opposite ee of Rs or virtually so; legs without

scales . Gonomyia, in part

Vein Sc long, Sc, ending oposite or beyond ‘midlength of Rs; legs with
abundant flattened scales : 7 . Hovamyia

15. Rs ending either in cell R,, with veins Re and Rig presecved, or in direct
alignment with vein Ry, . : 16

Rs in direct alignment with ee or énding in éell R ne vein R, capuied by
R,,, to form an element R2,5,4 : : : 17
16. Anal angle of wing preserved, cell 2nd A broad; Rs ending in cell R, Molophilus

Anal angle of wing lacking, cell 2nd A thus very narrow; Rs in direct igneiedine
alignment with vein f,, veins R,,, and R; perpendicular at origin Tasiocerva

17. Wing cells with macrotrichia or flattened scales : é : : : 18
Wing cells glabrous . : 3 : : b 3 : : 19
18. Vein 2nd A long and sinuous”. : " Eriopiera, in part
Vein 2nd A short and straight, the Anal veins divergent : : , Ormosia
1g. Cell R, small, shorter than its petiole : ; é : : Rhabdomastix
Cell R, deep, exceeding its petiole in length : E 20

20. Rs one and straight, usually subequal in length to the outer radial branches;
Sc, shorter, Sc, nearly opposite outer end of Rs; m-cu beyond fork of M,
at or near midlength of M54 : Cryptolabis
Rs shorter, commonly less than the outer Siti branches; Se, long, Sc, usually
just beyond origin of fs, in cases opposite midlength of vein; m-cu at or
shortly before fork of MW A : . - ; Evioptera, in part

Lecteria Osten Sacken
Lecteyria Osten Sacken; Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschr., 31: 206; 1887.

This genus, as well as various others herein treated as falling in the tribe
Eriopterini, may well be found to belong more properly in the Hexatomini. The
strict systematic position of Lecteria must be held to be very much in question.
I have discussed this in more detail in another paper (Rev. de Entomol., 19:
176-179; 1948) which may be consulted. The typical subgenus attains its
maximum development in the Ethiopian region, with a single further isolated
species in the Neotropics; a second subgenus, Psavonius Enderlein, has nearly
a dozen species, all Neotropical; a third one, Neolecteria Alexander, is known
only from Borneo. The immature stages, when discovered, will undoubtedly
throw more light on the true systematic position of the genus.

Key To LECTERIA

1. Wings without a distinct spotted or banded pattern, the markings appearing as
small spots or as seams along the veins, chiefly at origin and fork of Rs,
fork of Rarsia and tip of &,; less evident Se along cord; no

spines near origin of basitarsus : 2
Wings heavily spotted, dotted, or cross-banded math brown, in ihe fortes case
with a broad band over the cord; usually with one or more spinous setae

at origin of basitarsus (lacking in pluviguttata; not known for hirsutipes) 7
2. Size very large (length of female about 40 mm.; wing about 28 mm.) ; abdominal

tergites fulvous yellow, trilineate with dark brown. (Cameroons)
vasta Alexander

Size smaller (length under 35 mm.; wing 25 mm. or less) i _ : A 3

308

Io.

Il.

12.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Tibia yellow, with three conspicuous dark brown rings, basal, medial and
terminal in position. (Cameroons) . : : tibialis Alexander
Tibia darkened, with at most a single yellow ne : 4
Mesonotal praescutum with three broad dark brown stripes, the ‘median one
somewhat bisected by a pale line; tibia with a yellow subbasal ring;
ninth tergite of male hypopygium black. (Nigeria; French Equatorial
Africa) . : atricauda Alexander
Mesonotal ee ecte with a distinct dark brown or “Blackish median vitta,
evident at least on anterior half; tibia reddish brown to brown, without
a subbasal pale ring; ninth tergite of male hypopygium brown or
brownish fulvous . 5
General coloration reddish falvous, the pracscutal stripes inconspicuous: head
bluish plumbeous; wings with the basal section of MW nearly in alignment
with M; cell 2nd A narrow; size small (length of neve about 22 mm.)
(Tanganyika) : : . tanganicae Alexander
General coloration brownish sellowae or brownish grey, the praescutal stripes
distinct, with a further median dark brown vitta; head light brownish
grey; wings with the basal section of M, diverging strongly from the line
of M; cell 2nd A broad; size larger (length of male about 30 mm.) : 6
Mesonotal praescutum with three indistinct stripes that are narrowly and indis-
tinctly bordered by darker, the median stripe bisected by a narrow dark
brown vitta. (Cameroons; Belgian Congo; Uganda) africana africana Alexander
Mesonotal praescutum with a single rather broad blackish median line on
anterior half of sclerite. (French West Africa: Ivory Coast)
africana nigrilinea Alexander
Size large (wing of male about 20 mm., body length about 28 mm.); head and
thorax with a narrow dark brown capillary vitta; wings pale grey, with
abundant brown and grey dots in all the cells; legs without pale rings.
(Nigeria) : pluriguttata Alexander
Size smaller (wing of male 18 mm. or ‘Tess, body length under 20 mm.); wings
more or less cross banded with brown (except in vezst and metatarsalba) ;
legs with white or yellowish white rings (in hivsutipes, the femoral bases

and the basitarsi are paler) é 8
Wing pattern heavy, consisting of broad crossbands and often is additional

spots and dots in the cells é : : : 9
Wing pattern light and more restricted, appearitig as narrow seams along the

cord and other veins ; 13
Wings nearly hyaline, with heavy irregular brown cfossbands Tame without

additional spots or dots c : : 10
Wings with spots and dots in the cells between the brown cfossbands 6 a 12

Tibia brown, without pale rings; wings with a broad brown seam along vein Cu,
connecting a dark area in bases of cells R and M with a broad crossband

at the level of origin of Rs. (Tanganyika) . : : hirsutipes (Riedel)
Tibia dark brown, with pale rings; wings without a darkened seam along vein
Cu, as described. ; II

Wiugs with broad brown crossbands that are bordered by still darker Bown

Fs short, not greatly longer than R,,3,4; a narrow pale postmedial ring

on tibia. (Nigeria) : E : laticincta Alexander
Wings with a conspicuous seam at cord, basally of this with only a small brown

cloud at origin of fs, the latter very long, more than three times Ry, 3,4;

tibia dark brown, with a etapa white basal ring. (French

Equatorial Africa: Gabon) ; ; . auchaillui Alexander
Wings broader, the dark spots and dots numerous, in all the cells. (Gold Coast:
Ashanti; Cameroons; Belgian Congo) : . triacanthos Alexander

Wings longer and narrower, the crossbands darker and more interrupted, the
interpolated brown dots few in number. (Nigeria) : simpsont Alexander

TIPULIDAE 309

13. Femora with a conspicuous pale subterminal ring; proximal end of basitarsus
conspicuously Eh SELES ey eeP yea dark brown. (French Equatorial

Africa) . metatarsalba Alexander
Femora without a mele subterminal ring ; sono earl end of basitarsus scarcely
darkened; hypopygium brownish orange. (Cameroons) - veist Alexander

Lecteria africana africana Alexander
Lecteria africana Alexander; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 14-15; 1920.
UGANDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January

1935 (Edwards). Not seen by writer; determined by Edwards, a total of three
males in series.

Conosia van der Wulp

Conosia van der Wulp; Tijdschr. voor Entomol., 23: 159; 1880.

Conosia is a very distinct genus that includes five apparently different species
in Africa and Madagascar. The species zrrorata recorded below has a vast range
in the Palaeotropics, including parts of Africa, the Oriental and southern
Palaearctic regions, and thence eastward into Australia. This is another of the
genera whose position in the present tribe may well be held in question.

KEY TO CONOSIA

1. Wings suddenly dilated opposite the termination of vein 2nd A. (Palaeotropical,

including East Africa) . : . trvovata (Wiedemann)

Wings narrower, the posterior border not dilated : : ‘ : : 2

2. Size large (wing of male over 10 mm.). (Sao Tomé) . : principalis Edwards
Size smaller (wing of male less than 9 mm.) : : : ‘ 4 ‘ 3

3. Wings unusually narrow in both sexes; coloration of both body and wing
markings dark, the latter areas relatively small. (South Africa;
Madagascar) . 5 angustissima Alexander

Wings broader; body coloration paler, the abdomen bicoloured, basal two-
thirds of the segments dark brown, the distal third paler to ochreous;
darkened wing spots relatively sparse but large, occupying a con-
siderable part of the wing surface. (Sao Tomé) . ; thomensis Edwards

Conosia irrorata (Wiedemann)
Limnobia ivrovata Wiedemann; Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., 1: 574; 1828.
UGANDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January

1935 (Edwards). Three males in series; determined by Edwards, not seen by
writer.

Clydonodozus Enderlein
Clydonodozus Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., Syst., 32: 57; 1912.

Although it is closely allied to Conosia, the present group appears to be
sufficiently distinct as to warrant separation, although it may eventually be

310 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

reduced to subgeneric status. Besides the rather numerous species in the
present fauna, some others occur in the Oriental region, including South India
and the Malayan islands.

KEY TO CLYDONODOZUS

1. Costal cell of wing with a series of ten or more supernumerary crossveins or
spurs of veins : : . : : : : 2
Costal cell of wing without Gran supernumerary crossveins and spurs
2. General coloration of mesonotum reddish brown; cells of wing, with the
exception of C, without dark spots and dots; femora dull yellow, the tips
narrowly darkened. (Sierra Leone; Liberia) : . puncticosta Alexander
General coloration of mesonotum ashy grey; wings with a series of abundant
brown spots and dots along all veins; legs chiefly brownish black, only
the femoral bases somewhat paler. (Belgian Congo: Upper Uele)
cineveithovax Alexander
3. Wings with a very extensive brown pattern, there being a broad crossband
along cord that completely fills cell rst M, i 4
Wings with the dark pattern Jess extensive, at jeaet the centre ‘of éell Ist M 2 pale 5
4. Femora yellow, the tips blackened, with a conspicuous brownish black sub-
terminal ring; wing disk beyond cord largely pale, the brown spot at
fork of M,,,. not connected with the other dark areas. (Kenya)
guitatipennis (Karsch) (pulchripes Alexander)
Femora yellow, the tips abruptly blackened but without subterminal darkening;
wing disk beyond cord extensively clouded, the areas confluent. (Belgian
Congo) neavet Alexander
5. Legs with femora dark brown or black, with ‘only ‘the bases pale; wings
yellowish, with the costal margin more or less infuscated, at least distally ;
other veins of wing less heavily seamed with dusky; usually without
transverse dark band at cord . : 6
Legs with the femora yellow, the extreme tips eeroeya darkened; “wings
yellowish, the costal cell concolorous or more saturated yellow; a more
or less distinct dark seam along cord : 8
6. Costal border of wing broadly and conspicuously dark brown, the remade:
almost uniformly pale. (Sudan; Belgian Congo: Upper Uele)
fumicostatus Alexander
Costal border of wing only narrowly or inconspicuously darkened, usually
more so at outer end, the remainder of wing distinctly patterned " 7
7. Wings streaked longitudinally with brown, the costal region infuscated, inter-
rupted at stigma by the pale yellow cell Sc,; cell rst M, more elongate, its
proximal end pointed; R.,3,, very short to lacking. (Uganda)
pallidistigma Alexander
Wings clouded and banded along cord; costal region infuscated, the stigma
dark brown; cell zst M, short, the basal section of M,,, subequal to the
second section; R,,3,, subequal to or longer than m-cu. (Gold Coast:

Ashanti; Cameroons; French Equatorial Africa) . brevicellulus Alexander

8. Mesonotal praescutum with three or four distinct black or brownish black
stripes : ¢ 9

Mesonotal praescutum ioe Ceeeed or mate a ait dee eiae on
anterior part only : 10

9. Median praescutal stripe entire; abdomen with a Wy neanly connor brownish
black median stripe on sternites. (Uganda) . angustifasciatus Alexander

Median praescutal stripe divided by a pale vitta, producing four stripes;
abdomen with the median stripe on sternites broken into brown dashes.
(Uganda) : : 4 : : : ‘ . interruptus Alexander

RIPULIDAE 311

1o. Tibia dark brown; Rs relatively short, less than R,. (Cameroons)
fulvithovax Alexander
Tibia yellow, the apex weakly darkened; Rs aac than Rs. (Belgian Congo:
Itimbiri) : : : : : . schoutedent Alexander

Clydonodozus guttatipennis was described by Karsch as being a species of
Gnophomyia and had never been recognised since its original publication. I am
greatly indebted to Dr. F. Peus for loaning me the type specimen and thus
settling the identity.

Trentepohlia Bigot

Trentepohlia Bigot; Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (3), 2: 456, 473; 1854.

Mongoma Westwood; Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1881: 364; 1881.

Pavamongoma Brunetti; Rec. Indian Mus., 6: 295; 1911.

Trentepohlia is represented by numerous species occurring in the tropics of
both the Old and the New Worlds, distributed in seven subgeneric groups of
which the three listed above are regional. In addition to the species treated in
the present report, very numerous further species occur in Madagascar and
have been discussed in another paper by the writer (Mem. Inst. Scient.
Madagascar (E), 3: 292-302; 1953).

KEY TO TRENTEPOHLIA

1. Three branches of M reach the wing margin. (Subgenus Mongoma Westwood) 3
Two branches of M reach the wing margin . : : : : 2

2. Veins Cu, and rst A separate at margin; cell zst M, closed. Cees Para-
mongoma Brunetti) : II

Veins Cu, and rst A fused for a varying distance back Bo ap ata closing cell
om in rare cases the cell very narrowly open; cell M, open. (Subgenus
Trentepohlia Bigot) a : . A : ; A : : 15
3. Wings heavily patterned with brown. (Extralimital: Madagascar)
madagascariensis Alexander

Wings unpatterned, with the exception of the stigma, when this is present. 4

4. Basitarsi with proximal ends black; wings and their veins yellowish; wing,
Fig. 102. (Nigeria; Tanganyika) : : . metatarsatva Alexander
Basitarsi white, concolorous with remainder of tarsi : 5

5. Femora brown throughout; mid-tibia slightly dilated at apex and here fringed
with conspicuous white setae. (Oriental-Australasian ; Seychelles)
pennipes (Osten Sacken)

Tips of femora more or less whitened; mid-tibia not ornamented as above . 6
6. Femoral tips narrowly and indistinctly pale; size small (wing under 7 mm.).
(Cameroons) . 5 niveipes Alexander

Femoral tips abruptly and conspiciously white: size larger (wing over 7 mm.
and usually over 8 mm.) .

7. Tibia dark brown, only the narrow tip white. (Cameroons) : peisi Alexander
Tibia chiefly white, with a brown band beyond base, followed by the broad
white apex that includes approximately one-third or more of the segment 8
8. General coloration piceous black; (dark tibial ring including approximately
one-half the segment). (West Africa; Uganda) . fragillima (Westwood)

General coloration pale brown to yellowish brown : : : 4 : 9

312

10.

It.

12.

13.

15.

16.

Tye

18.

19.

20.

aL.

22.

23:

24.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Pale tibial apex occupying a little less than one-third the segment. (Uganda)

dummeri Alexander

Pale tibial apex occupying the terminal half or more of segment . ; 10
Antennal scape chiefly dark brown; tibia with the brown ring narrower than
the pale base, the whitened apex including about the distal two-thirds

of segment; wing, Fig. ro1. (Gold Coast) . : albilatissima Alexander
Antennal scape yellow; tibia with the brown ring broader, about twice the pale
base, the whitened apex including about the distal half of segment.

(Cameroons) . 5 : ; - albilata Alexander
General coloration of body light ‘yellow : : : : : : : 12
General coloration of body brown : : : A : 14

Femora pale brown, the tips broadly and sim white: (Cameroons)
mera Alexander
Femora brownish yellow, the tips vaguely to scarcely brightened . 13
Vein R, oblique; antennal scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum pale brown:
remakes Ruwenzori) c : : c : luteola, sp. n.
Vein R, perpendicular; antennae dark brown. (Uganda) . perpendicularis, sp. n.
General coloration of thoracic notum brownish, pleura greyer; wings weakly
tinged with yellow. (Kenya: Coastal) : : rvamisiana (Riedel)
General coloration of thoracic notum uniformly pale hone the pleura more
yellowed; wings tinged with grey or brown; wing, Fig. 100. (Nigeria;
Cameroons) . . nigeriensis Alexander
Wings with costal border conspicuously expanded before midlength. (Nigeria)
inflata Alexander

Wings with costal border normal, straight . . 4 16
Wings subhyaline; apical fusion of veins Cu, and rst A extensive, ‘longer than

the distal section of Cu, alone : 17
Wings subhyaline or, in most species, patterned ‘with brown; apical feton of

veins Cu, and rst A slight, less than the distal section of Cu, alone : 19

Abdomen of noel length (about 5 mm.); wings broad. (Mozambique)
; zambesiae (Alexander)
Abdomen unusually long and slender (over 7 mm.); wings unusually narrow . 18
Wings broader (male, about 5-8 x 1-1 mm.). (Extralimital: Madagascar)
gracilis gracilis (Enderlein)
Wings narrower (male, about 6-7 x 1-05 mm.). (Extralimital: Transvaal)
gracilis continentalis Alexander
Wings hyaline or approximately so, unmarked except for vague narrow seams
along certain of the longitudinal veins, all the cells clear. . ¢ 20
Wings with certain of the cells suffused or patterned with brown or yellow 5 21
Legs pale yellowish testaceous throughout. (Cameroons) é hyalina Alexander
Legs with the femora pale brown, the tips broadly white, remainder of legs
chiefly whitened. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . isis, Sp. 0.
Wings hyaline, cell R, and the region of the stigma yellowish: wings shortened,
approximately Rites. fourths the length of body. (Cameroons)
curtipennis (Speiser)
Wings distinctly patterned with brown; wings normal, casei tt as long

as body : : ; 22
Wing markings virtually restricted to the broad Brown apéx: (emoral tip
paling to white). (Cameroons) . : . fuscoapicalis Alexander
Wings with a darkened seam at or before cord, additional to any apical
darkening : : 6 : : : : 23
Tips of femora abruptly black or ; dark brown : 24
Femora beyond base either uniform in colour or with the tip paling to
whitish . : 2 : : : p : 0 c ; . 28
Tip of tibia darkened : : : : ‘ 3 : : 3 a 25

Tip of tibia undarkened . ‘ : : : : : : : é 26

25.

26.

ZT

28.

209.

30.

31.

B2.

33-

34:

35-

36.

37:

DEP WOE GDA 313

Wings with three darkened areas, placed at vein R,, fork of Rs, and near base
of vein 2nd A; size large (wing of female 7 mm.). (Sao Tomé)
tripunctata Edwards
Wings with the darkened pattern pale brown but more extensive, including the
outer half of cell R, and broad seams over most of the veins; smaller (wing
of female about 5-5 mm.). (Extralimital: Madagascar) alluaudi Alexander
Wings pale, with a sparse narrowly crossbanded pattern in the cells beyond
cord. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . : avachne, sp. n.
Wings not crossbanded as above, the cells beyond cord. extensively clouded. 27
Thorax, including pleura, shiny brownish black; Rs long, fully four times
R5,4; wing pattern ease heavy, cell R, being uniformly
darkened. (Cameroons) . nox Alexander
Thoracic dorsum brown, the humeral’ region and nae testaceous yellow; Rs
relatively short, less than twice R3,,; wing pattern comparatively pale,
the centre of cell R, extensively brightened. (Cameroons)
pallidipleuva Alexander

Tips of femora narrowly and abruptly whitened . . 29
Femora beyond bases uniformly coloured or paling very inserisibly. outwardly 31
Abdominal sternites yellowish, with about the apical third of the individual
segments dark brown - 30
Abdominal sternites dark brown on basal half or less, the apices obscure pallens
(Cameroons; Uganda) : : : veverysalis Alexander

A small darkened area in cell R basad of origin of Rs; chief darkenings at apex,
the area extended basad to the radial-medial fork, cell R, being entirely

darkened. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) a : lavotypa, sp. n.
No darkened area in cell R basad of origin of Rs: darkened area in cell R,

involving the outer end of cell. (Southern Nigeria) : pomeroyi Meander
Coloration of body shiny black, the humeral region of praescutum not

brightened. (Cameroons) : : nigricoloy Alexander
Coloration of body varying from yellow to dark brown, in the latter case with

the humeral region of praescutum further brightened . : 32

Size very large (wing of female about 8-5 mm.); (mesonotal praescutum reddish
brown with three darker brown stripes; posterior tibia near apex with

four long bristles.) (Uganda) . : é 5 7 ugandae Alexander
Size smaller (wing of female 7-5 mm. or less) f 33
Wings with a coarsely reticulated brown pattern, the disk being chiefly dark,

variegated with white spots; wing tip white. (Cameroons) jacobi Alexander
Wings without such a pattern, the apex in cell R, darkened . ‘ ‘ : 34
A small darkened cloud in cell R basad of origin of Rs ‘ : : ‘ 35
No darkening in radial field basad of origin of Rs : ‘ 36

White band before origin of Rs broad; a circular white spot in cell R;; outer

half of cell 2nd A darkened; abdominal sternites with posterior borders
broadly darkened. (Cameroons) : : . perpictuvata Alexander

White band before origin of Rs narrow, especially i in cell M; ‘cell R, uniformly

darkened; cell 2vd A darkened only at end of vein; relative sternites

with posterior borders narrowly darkened. (Uganda: Kalinzu Forest)
fenestrata, sp. n.

Rs long, exceeding vein Ry,5,4 . : : : : : : ; ¢ 37
Fs shorter than Ro,5,4, - : 38
Costal and posterior borders of wing chiefly miitened! the chief darkened

pattern occupying the central third; dark pattern in radial field restricted ;
vein R, suberect; size small (wing about 5-5 mm.). (Uganda: Ruwenzori)
cara, sp. Nn.
A conspicuous brown pattern in most cells of wing, involving the cord and outer
half of the basal cells; vein R, oblique, gently sinuous; size large (wing
about 7°5 mm.). (Belgian Congo; Uganda) ; 3 amantis Alexander

314 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

38. Costal fringe of male long and conspicuous; brown area at cord in cell R, with
a subhyaline centre. (Eastern and south-eastern Africa, to Natal)

exornata (Bergroth)
Costal fringe short in both sexes; brown area at cord solid or virtually so é 39

39. Thoracic dorsum reddish brown; legs light yellow. (Cameroons; East Africa;
Madagascar; Oriental Region) speisevrt Edwards var. africana Alexander

Thoracic dorsum brownish black, the humeral region of praescutum reddened;
legs dark brown. (Extralimital: Transvaal) : : humeralis Alexander

Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) luteola sp. n.

General coloration of entire body yellow; wings with a yellow tinge; vein
R, oblique, R,,, subequal to or longer than R,,,; abdomen of male with a vague
darker subterminal ring.

Male.—Length about 4 mm.; wing 4:5 mm.

Female.—Length about 4°5 mm.; wing 5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi light yellow. Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow,
flagellum pale brown; flagellar segments oval to long-oval. Head uniformly
pale yellow.

Thorax, including cervical region, yellow. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with
the femora very pale brown or brownish yellow, the tips narrowly and very
vaguely still paler; tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow. Wings with a yellow tinge,
more pronounced in the basal and costal portions; veins brownish yellow,
clearer yellow in the brighter areas. Veins beyond cord nearly glabrous, with
seven or eight trichia on outer section of vein &;; outer costal fringe relatively
long and conspicuous. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending beyond fork of Rs, Sc,
nearly opposite this fork; vein R, oblique; R,,, subequal to or longer than Fy, 9.

Abdomen yellow, including the hypopygium; in male, the subterminal
segments weakly infuscated to form a vague ring.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934—
January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9. The species next described as Tvente-
pohlia (Paramongoma) perpendicularis, sp. n., was included in the type series.

The present fly is best distinguished from related species by the uniformly
yellow colour of the body, in conjunction with the venation. All regional members
of the subgenus are closely interrelated yet seem to represent distinct species.
In Tropical America there are numerous representatives of Paramongoma which
is one of the most characteristic groups of crane-flies throughout the region.

Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) perpendicularis sp. n.

Very similar to T. (P.) luteola, sp. n., in the general yellow coloration of the
thorax and abdomen, differing chiefly in the details of venation, as the virtually
perpendicular vein R3.

Male.—Length about 4 mm.; wing 4-8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi whitish. Antennae dark brown, relatively short; flagellar

TIPULIDAE 315

segments oval. Head brownish yellow to pale brown, the very narrow anterior
vertex more whitened.

Thorax yellow. Halteres whitened, the stem a trifle darker. Legs with the
coxae and trochanters pale yellow; femora brownish yellow, the tips paling to
whitish ; tibiae and tarsi dirty white. Wings subhyaline, the costal border a little
more yellowed; veins yellowish brown. Costal fringe of male relatively short and
inconspicuous, longer outwardly. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending beyond fork of
Rs; R3,4 short, not exceeding R,,, and scarcely one-fourth vein R, alone; vein
R, nearly perpendicular, relatively short; cell rst M, large, about as long as distal
section of R;; m-cu a short distance before fork of M.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, obscure yellow.

Holotype, 3, Lake Nabugabo, Masaka, UGANDA, November 13, 1934
(Edwards).

Trentepohlia (Mongoma) fragillima (Westwood)
Mongoma fragillima Westwood; Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1881: 364, Pl. 17, Fig. 1
(venation); 1881.

Ucanpa: Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, 4000 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Kalinzu Forest, January 1935 (Jackson). A total of six speci-
mens in series, taken while resting on tree-trunks.

These were not sent to me, having been determined by Edwards, who several
years before was able to study the type (from Mongoma Lobah, tropical Africa,
collected by Hornimann).

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) amantis Alexander

Trentepohlia (Tventepohlia) amantis Alexander; Explor. Parc National Albert, Mission

de Witte (1933-1935), Tipulidae (in press).

General coloration of mesonotum dark brown, the humeral region of
praescutum broadly yellow; parascutella, pleurotergite and pleura yellow;
halteres infuscated; legs pale yellowish white, the femoral tips narrowly still
more whitened; wings whitish, handsomely pictured with brown, forming an
irregular pattern; veins Cu and rst A narrowly separated to barely contiguous at
wing margin.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, December 1934—January 1935, Bwamba Pass
(west side), 5500-7500 ft.; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft.; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft.
(Edwards). Thirteen additional specimens in series. The remaining types were
from various stations in the Belgian Congo, taken by de Witte.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) arachne sp. n.

General coloration of thorax dark liver-brown; antennal scape and pedicel
dark brown, flagellum testaceous yellow; halteres white; legs yellow, the tips of
the femora conspicuously black, the tibial bases narrowly so; wings very pale

316 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

yellow, with a restricted pale brown pattern that is more or less reticulated, with
two transverse darkenings in each of cells kz, R, and R,; Sc relatively short,
Sc, ending before fork of Fs.

Male.—Length about 5-5 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Female.—Length about 6-5 mm. ; wing 7-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with scape and pedicel dark brown,
flagellum paler, testaceous yellow, the outer segments darker; flagellar seg-
ments oval, subequal to the verticils. Head cinnamon brown, more or less
pruinose.

Cervical region dark brown. Thorax dark liver-brown, the humeral region of
praescutum vaguely more brightened, posterior sclerites slightly pruinose.
Pleura dark brown, sparsely pruinose; dorsopleural membrane more whitened.
Halteres white. Legs with the coxae liver-brown; trochanters obscure yellow;
remainder of legs pale yellow, the tips of femora narrowly but conspicuously
brownish black, the tibial bases very narrowly darkened; outer tarsal segments
infuscated. Wings very pale yellow, with a restricted pale brown pattern that is
more or less reticulate, including a few narrow transverse lines in cells beyond
the cord, crossing the cells, in R,, R, and R, there being two such lines in each
cell; basad of cord the dark markings even more restricted, including a darker
brown mark in cell M, in cases more extensive and involving the origin of Rs; a
few other paler brown spots in cells M and rst A; veins yellow, darker in the
patterned areas. Venation: Sc relatively short, fused outwardly with costa, Sc,
about opposite fork of Rs, the latter about three times the basal section of R,;
m-cu about two-thirds its own length before fork of M; a short apical fusion of
veins Cu, and rst A.

Abdomen dark brown, the ovipositor somewhat more castaneous.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotype, 1 3.
Five additional specimens in series.

The slightly reticulated wings, in conjunction with the coloration of the legs,
readily distinguish this fly from all other generally similar species.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) cara sp. n.

General coloration pale yellow, the mesonotum patterned with pale brown,
including a single praescutal area; halteres and legs yellow or yellowish white ;
wings subhyaline, the costal border more yellowed; a restricted brown pattern,
in cases including washes in cells M and R; Sc relatively short, Sc, ending some
distance before fork of Rs; a short apical fusion of veins Cu, and rst A at margin;
abdominal tergites pale brown.

Male.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 5°5 mm.

Female.—Length about 5 mm. ; wing 5:5 mm.

TIPULIDAE 317

Rostrum yellow; palpi pale brown. Antennae relatively long, if bent back-
ward extending about to root of halteres ; scape and pedicel pale yellow, flagellum
brown; outer flagellar segments elongate, exceeding the verticils. Head yellow.

Thorax light yellow, the praescutum with a central pale to medium brown
area that is narrowed to a point in front, widened behind, leaving broad yellow
lateral margins; posterior sclerites of notum uniformly brown. Pleura and pleuro-
tergite pale yellow. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with coxae and trochanters
yellow ; remainder of legs yellowish white. Wings subhyaline, the costal portion,
including cells C and Sc pale yellow; a brown pattern, in the allotype female
including washes in cell M, outer end of R, and the broad wing apex, in the
holotype male these cells more nearly clear; narrow but darker brown seams at
origin of Rs, cord, vein R, and less evidently along vein Cu in cell MW; veins yellow,
brown in the patterned fields. Venation; Sc relatively short, Sc, ending just
before R,, Sc, some distance before fork of Rs; Ry,5,4 elevated at origin, R,
correspondingly shortened; vein R, suberect; R,,3,, and basal section of R; sub-
equal; veins Cu, and rst A fused for a short distance at their tips.

Abdominal tergites pale brown, the apices narrowly pale; sternites more
yellowed.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934—
January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, 5000 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Three further specimens in series.

The position and general relationship of the present fly are indicated in the
key.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) fenestrata sp. n.

General coloration of thoracic notum light brown, the posterior sclerites
darker brown; antennae black throughout, unusually long; halteres brownish
black; legs yellow, the femoral tips insensibly more whitened ; wings subhyaline,
extensively patterned with brown, the dark and ground areas subequal in extent ;
a small dark cloud in cells R and M at near one-fourth the wing length; costal
fringe short and inconspicuous; Sc long, Sc, extending almost to fork of R, and
R,; intermediate abdominal sternites bicoloured, yellow, the posterior borders
narrowly infuscated.

Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 6-5 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi black. Antennae black, including the scape
and pedicel, unusually long, if bent backward extending nearly to base of abdo-
men; outer flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, much exceeding the verticils.
Head yellow; anterior vertex very narrow, posterior vertex carinate.

Cervical sclerites brownish black. Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotal
praescutum and scutum light brown, the humeral and lateral regions of the former
paling to yellow; posterior sclerites of notum darker brown. Pleura light brown.
Halteres brownish black, the base of stem yellow. Legs with coxae brownish

318 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

yellow; trochanters yellow; femora yellow, the tips very vaguely and insensibly
more whitened ; tibiae and tarsi white; femora with a series of about ten to twelve
small spinous points. Wings subhyaline, extensively patterned with brown, the
dark pattern subequal in extent to the ground; a major darkening at near mid-
length of wing, extending from origin of Rs to the tip of R,,.5, virtually crossing
the wing but paling to grey in cells Cu and rst A, enclosing pale spots in cells R
and R,; wing tip broadly darkened, enclosing a major pale area in cell R,; on
basal part of wing with a restricted brown area at near one-fourth the wing
length, occupying cells R and M, paler behind; darkened areas at cord and at
apex very narrowly interconnected along vein R;+M,,.; darkened seam along
vein Cu poorly indicated; a weak darkening at tip of vein 2nd A; veins yellow in
the ground areas, infuscated in the patterned portions. Costal fringe of male
relatively short and inconspicuous. Venation: Sc long, Sc, extending almost
to fork of R, and R,, Sc, about opposite fork of Rs, the latter relatively long,
approximately twice the basal section of FR; petiole of cell R; subequal in length
to the unusually long M,,.; m-cu at fork of M; a short apical fusion of veins
Cu, and rst A.

Abdominal tergites chiefly dark brown, with obscure yellow rings on first
tergite and at midlength of tergites two and three; intermediate sternites
conspicuously bicoloured, light yellow, the posterior borders dark brown,
involving about one-third of segment; sixth and succeeding segments uniformly
dark brown; hypopygium extensively pale yellow.

Holotype, 3, Kalinzu Forest, south-western UGANDA, January 1935 (Jack-
son). One further specimen in collection.

The most similar species is Tventepohlia (Tventepohlia) perpicturata Alex-
ander, of the Cameroons, distinguished by the characters listed in the key.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) isis sp. n.

General coloration brownish yellow, the notum unpatterned; antennae dark
brown; femora light brown, the tips broadly whitened, remainder of legs white, the
tibia a little darkened beyond base; wings subhyaline, unpatterned except for
the narrow pale brown stigma and vaguely infuscated wing tip; Rs about twice
the basal section of R;; a short apical fusion of veins Cu, and rst A; cell 2nd A
relatively broad.

Male.—Length about 5-5 mm. ; wing 5:5 mm.

Female.—Length about 6 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Rostrum yellow; palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown throughout, some-
what longer in female ; flagellar segments passing into elongate-cylindrical. Head
buffy brown.

Cervical region dark brown. Thorax almost uniform brownish yellow,
polished, unpatterned, the posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura slightly

TLEULIDAE 319

more yellowed. Halteres infuscated. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow;
femora light brown, the tips broadly whitened; tibiae chiefly white, slightly more
darkened beyond the narrow white base; tarsi white. Wings subhyaline,
unpatterned except for the poorly indicated, narrow pale brown stigma and a
vague darkening at apex; veins brown. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending near
proximal end of stigma, Sc, a short distance beyond fork of Rs, the latter about
twice the basal section of R,; vein R, oblique; vein R;,,4 relatively long, sub-
equal to or about one-half longer than A,; basal section of R; about equal to
R;+M,,.; cell M, open; m-cu before fork of MW; a short apical fusion of veins
Cu, and rst A; cell 2nd A relatively broad, as compared with hyalina.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites a little paler.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9.

The most similar species include Tventepohlia (Trentepohlia) brevisector
Alexander and 7. (7.) hyalina Alexander, which are separated by the charac-
ters given in the key. T. (7.) curtipennis (Speiser) is distinguished by the
unusually short wings, colour of the legs and wings, and the rather strong
bristling of the femora.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) larotypa sp. n.

Allied to pomeroy7; general coloration of head and thorax yellow; antennal
scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum dark brown; femora yellow, the tips broadly
more whitened; wings subhyaline, patterned with brown, the areas chiefly
apical; cell R; uniformly darkened; abdominal sternites bicoloured, obscure
yellow, with about the outer third of the individual segments brown.

Male.—Length about 6 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Rostrum yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape and pedicel
yellow, flagellum dark brown; antennae relatively long, if bent backward
extending to shortly before the root of halteres. Head yellow.

Pronotum and mesothorax almost uniformly yellow or weakly fulvous
yellow, the surface shiny ; setae of pronotum long and conspicuous, of mesonotum
very short but relatively numerous. Halteres weakly infuscated. Legs with
coxae and trochanters yellow; femora yellow, the tips broadly but very insensibly
more whitened; tibiae and tarsi whitened, posterior tibia with a pair of strong
black setae near apex. Wings subhyaline, patterned with brown, the markings
much as in pomeroyi; a small cloud in cell R before origin of Rs; dark area at
origin of Rs small, seam along cord relatively narrow; chief darkenings at wing
apex, the area extended basad to the radial-medial fork, cell R, being entirely
darkened, in pomeroyi with only the outer end infuscated ; veins brown. Venation:
Veins Cu, and rst A shortly fused at apex.

Abdominal tergites and hypopygium infuscated; basal and intermediate

320 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

sternites bicoloured, obscure yellow, with about the outer third brown; outer
segments uniformly brown.

Holotype, 3, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4000 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Although it is certainly related to Tventepohlia (Trentepohlia) pomeroyi
Alexander, I regard this fly as being distinct, as shown by the diagnostic features
listed above.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) reversalis Alexander
Trentepohlia (Tventepohlia) veversalis Alexander; Rev. Zool. Africaine, 14: 182-183;
1926.
UGANDA: Budongo Forest, February 7-8, 1935 (Edwards). The types were
from various stations in the Cameroons.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) ugandae Alexander
Tventepohlia (Tventepohlia) ugandae Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 336-337;
1920.
UGANDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January 1935
(Edwards). Kyarumba, 4500 ft., 1 2 (Buxton). Three specimens in series;
determined by Edwards, not seen by writer. The unique type female was from
Uganda.

Teucholabis Osten Sacken
Teucholabis Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859: 222; 1859.

Teucholabis is a very extensive genus, best developed in the Oriental and
Neotropical regions. Two subgeneric groups are represented in the present
faunal area, of which the typical subgenus is wide-spread but according to my
present belief is limited to a single species, nodipes Speiser, with several
geographic races or colour forms.

KEY TO TEUCHOLABIS

1. Three branches of Rs reach the wing margin. (Subgenus Eupavatropesa

Alexander). (Belgian Congo; Uganda: Ruwenzori) witteana Alexander
Two branches of Rs reach the wing margin. (Subgenus Teucholabis Osten Sacken) 2
2. Mesothorax chiefly polished black, including at least the Roe ae coxae é 3
Mesothorax chiefly shiny reddish, including all coxae . : : 4
3. Mesothorax entirely shiny black; fore and middle coxae orange! (Liberia ;
Cameroons; French Equatorial Africa; Uganda) nodipes nodipes Speiser
Mesothorax with anterior fourth of praescutum orange; middle coxae black.
(Liberia; Uganda) . ; é : : . 2. praescutellavis Alexander
4. Mesothorax in part black : : ; : hae ‘ : : 5
Mesothorax uniformly reddish . : 3 6

5. Praescutum and adjoining parts of scutal lobes black; abdominal tergites
bicoloured, yellow basally, the posterior ends broadly black, the extreme
margin again pale; legs black. (Extralimital: Natal: Zululand; Cape
Province: Pondoland) i ; : F : n. Clitelligera Alexander

TIPULIDAE 321

Mesonotum reddish, with more than the posterior half of praescutum black;
abdomen entirely black; legs black, the bases of fore femora broadly

yellow. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) n. ephippigera, ssp. n.
6. Brown markings of wing extensive, the darkened ones subequal to the pale
apical band; darkened area along cord broad. (Gold Coast: Ashanti)

n. latifascia Alexander
Brown markings of wing less extensive, the darkened apex scarcely one-half as
extensive as the pale subapical band; darkened area along cord narrow.

(Liberia; Gold Coast) : : : : : n. vubrithovax Alexander

Teucholabis flavonotata Edwards is properly referrable to the genus Gonomyia
and should be consulted there.

Teucholabis (Euparatropesa) witteana Alexander

Teucholabis (Euparatropesa) witteana Alexander; Explor. Parc National Albert, Mission
de Witte (1933-1935), Tipulidae (in press).

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, December 1934—January 1935, Fort Portal,
5000 ft. (Edwards) ; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft. (Edwards). Six other specimens
in series. The remaining types from the de Witte Report were from the Belgian
Congo.

Teucholabis (Teucholabis) nodipes nodipes Speiser

Teucholabis nodipes Speiser; Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1913: 136-137, Fig. 7 (g hypo-
pygium); 1913.
UcanbDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Budongo Forest, February 7-8, 1935 (Edwards). Eight others
in series.

Teucholabis (Teucholabis) nodipes ephippigera ssp. n.

Male.—Length about 6-5 mm.; wing 7 mm.

Female.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 6 mm.

Thorax polished orange, variegated with black on the mesonotum, including
more than the posterior half of the praescutum and a large oval area on the
mediotergite; centres of scutal lobes vaguely infuscated. Legs black, the fore
and middle femora with more than the proximal half yellow, posterior legs
uniformly black. Wings with the ground areas more extensive than the darkened
bands; darkened wing apex involving outer half of cell 2nd M,; bands at cord
and origin of Rs narrow, almost parallel-sided.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934—
January 1935 (Edwards). One more in series.

322 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Teucholabis (Teucholabis) nodipes praescutellaris Alexander
Teucholabis nodipes praescutellavis Alexander; Rept. Harvard Afr. Exped., 2: 1019;
1930.
UGANDA: Budongo Forest, February 7-8, 1935 (Edwards).
Types from Liberia; Edwards states that a pair from Gold Coast are in the
British Museum.

Gymnastes Brunetti

Gymnastes Brunetti; Rec. Indian Mus., 6: 281; Ig1ft.
Gymnastes Brunetti; Fauna British India, Dipt. Nematocera, pp. 432-433; 1912.

The genus Gymmnastes is widely distributed in the Oriental-Australasian
regions, with a few outliers in the southern part of the eastern Palaearctic .
region (Japan) and in the Ethiopian region, as here considered. The subgenus
Paragymnastes Alexander, with cell R, of the wings preserved, merges very
gradually with the typical subgenus and is best maintained for convenience of
treatment.

KEY TO GYMNASTES

1. Wings with cell J7, open. (Belgian Congo) . : : : subnuda Alexander
Wings with cell rst M, closed. : 2
Tip of posterior tibia eileted densely provided with setae and flattened scales,
its diameter at this point subequal to that of the apex of the femur.
(Uganda: Ruwenzori) : . dilatipes, sp. n.
Tip of posterior tibia only moderately dilated, the vestiture more sparse, its
diameter at this point distinctly less than that of the apex of the femur.
(Belgian Congo: Urundi; Uganda; Southern Rhodesia)
teucholaboides (Alexander)

nN

Gymnastes (Gymnastes) dilatipes sp. n.

General coloration black, the mesonotum polished; anterior vertex silvery ;
halteres with stem black, knob light yellow; legs black, the femur with the tip
and a subterminal ring narrowly silvery white ; proximal end of basitarsus pale,
most extensive on posterior legs; tip of posterior tibia conspicuously enlarged
and clothed with abundant semierect scales; wings hyaline, with a very pale
brown banded pattern, the outer bands confluent, wing tip pale; abdomen
reddish brown, the terminal segments black.

Female.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 5:3 mm.

Rostrum, palpi and antennae black. Head black, the broad anterior vertex
silvery.

Mesonotum intensely polished black. Pleura black, with a vague pruinosity,
especially behind; dorsopleural membrane light yellow. Halteres with stem
black, knob beyond base light yellow. Legs black, including all coxae and
trochanters; fore and middle femora with the tip and a subequal ring at near
two-thirds the length silvery white; remainder of fore legs black, the proximal
fourth of basitarsus with whitened scales, the tibia not or scarcely dilated;

TIPULIDAE 323

posterior legs with the distal fourth of tibia expanded and provided with
abundant semierect scales and setae, producing a conspicuous enlargement;
basitarsus with more than the proximal half yellow, with whitened scales. Wings
hyaline, with a brown banded pattern, the areas extensive but very pale; band
at and beyond cord confluent with a subterminal area that is nearly as wide,
restricting the ground to a triangular area at midlength of cell R, and less
evidently in the more posterior cells; wing tip pale, including outer ends of
cells R, to 2nd M,, inclusive; veins brown. Venation: Sc relatively short, Sc,
ending a short distance beyond origin of Rs; cell rst M, elongate, subequal to
the distal section of vein M,, 5.

Abdomen dark reddish brown, the posterior borders of the sternites narrowly
grey; genital shield and bases of cerci black, the remainder of ovipositor horn-
yellow.

Holotype, 2, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Most readily told from Gymnastes (Gymnastes) teucholaboides (Alexander)
by the pattern of the wings and the conspicuous enlargement of the tip of the
tibia. Despite such differences, there is no doubt but that all members of
the genus so far discovered within the area covered by this report are very closely
interrelated.

Gymnastes (Gymnastes) teucholaboides (Alexander) (Figs. 160 and 215)

Paratropeza (Gymnastes) teucholaboides Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 5: 346-347;

1920.

UcaANnpDA: Ruwenzori Range, December 1934—January 1935, Kilembe,
4500 ft.; Fort Portal, 5000 ft.; Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft.; below Mount
Karangora, 7000 ft. (Edwards).

The type was from the Chirinda Forest, Southern Rhodesia, taken in
October 1905, by Sir Guy A. K. Marshall.

There is an unusual range in coloration shown by this small series of specimens
and both Edwards and I believed that more than a single species was included.
Some of the specimens (No. 205) are of the dark type, with the thorax, including
the pleura, almost uniformly black, the dorsopleural region and pretergites
narrowly yellow. Head with the front and anterior vertex silvery white. The
more heavily patterned individuals have the wings strongly darkened, with
two narrow pale crossbands, additional to the light wing base. Other specimens
of the blackened series have the darkened ground of the wings much paler, the
white crossbands being correspondingly indistinct, in the extreme case, the
basal part of wing almost clear. On the other extreme (Nos. 203, 204), the
thoracic pleura, meron and pleurotergite is polished yellow, more or less
patterned with fulvous, contrasting with the black mesonotum. One specimen
has the ventral anepisternum and ventral sternopleurite black, the remainder of

324

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

pleura being yellow, thus being about intermediate between the two extremes.
Despite this striking range in colour, I feel convinced that a single species is
involved.

showing slight differences in the form of the shorter inner dististyle, d

Male hypopygium (Fig. 160) virtually uniform in the available materials,

J

especially as to length and shape of the basal spine and in the degree of denti-
culation of outer margin of the blade of the style. Wing, Fig. 215.

Gnophomyia Osten Sacken

Gnophomyia Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859: 223; 1859.
subgeneric reference:
Eugnophomyia Alexander; Rev. de Entomol., 18: 72-73; 1947.

The genus Guophomyia is represented in Tropical Africa by a few species

that are referred to the subgenus Eugnophomyia, which elsewhere is restricted
to the New World and particularly to the Neotropics. The regional species are
flies of medium size and with handsomely patterned bodies and wings.

nN

KEY TO GNOPHOMYIA

No macrotrichia in cells of wing : : : : 7 : : 6 2

Outer cells of wing with macrotrichia ‘ 6

Wings unpatterned, except for the stigma; legs provided with flattened scales,
additional to the setae. (Subgenus Idiognophomyia Alexander). (Extra-

limital: Cape Province) . : capicola Alexander
Wings dark brown, patterned with teayerse white or Scllow bands; legs with
normal setae only. (Subgenus Eugnophomyia Alexander) . 3

Wings dark brown, with three white fasciae, including a narrow arcuated band
beyond cell rst M,; prearcular field chiefly darkened; halteres brownish
black. (Extralimital: Cape Province, Pondoland) : turnevt Alexander
Wings dark brown, the prearcular field yellow; a whitish crossband before cord
but with no distinct band beyond cell rst M,; halteres yellow or orange 4
Antennal flagellum bicoloured, the segments black with yellowed bases.
(Extralimital: South-eastern Africa) . : : ; sneer (Wiedemann)
Antennae black throughout
Fore and middle tibiae entirely black, the ‘hind pair with a narrow subbasal
yellow ring; wings with the pale band before cord broad, wider than the
length of cell rst M,; isolated whitish spots in cell R before origin of Rs
and on vein 2nd A before tip. (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia)
chivindensis Alexander
All tibiae black, with a yellow ring at or near base; wings with pale band before
cord narrow, less than the length of cell rst M,; no brightened basal
spots as above. (Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia) . — silindicola Alexander
Thorax and abdomen metallic greenish blue; legs entirely black; halteres dark
brown, the knobs pale yellow; wing, Fig. 217. (Nyasaland)
perelegans Alexander
Thorax and base of abdomen orange; pleura and tip of abdomen black; legs
black, the femoral bases yellow; halteres orange throughout; wing,
Fig. 216. (Nyasaland) . : 3 : ; . pervamoena Alexander

Gnophomyia guttatipennis Karsch, 1887, belongs to the genus Clydonodozus.

TIPULIDAE 325

Gonomyia Meigen

Gonomyia Meigen; Syst. Beschr. Eur. Dipt., 4: 146; 1818.

Gonomyia includes a vast aggregation of small crane-flies, with hundreds
of species distributed in all faunal regions, including Madagascar and New
Zealand, as well as on many of the remote Pacific islands. Of the four sub-
genera in the Ethiopian region, one (Progonomyia Alexander) is restricted to
South Africa.

In the region here considered, Jdioceva has species in South Africa and
Madagascar, with a few others that are still undescribed from East Africa. The
typical subgenus has only a few representatives, as known to this date. The
dominant subgenus is Lipophleps, with many species, most of which have cell
R, of the wings preserved, though small. The subgenus has caused some
difficulty among taxonomists of the past and several species have been described
in other genera, including Limonia (Dicranomyia), by Brunetti and Coquillett ;
Elliptera, by Johnson and Williston; Atarba, by de Meijere, Speiser and
Williston; and Teucholabis, by Edwards. There seems to be no question of the
close affinities of the various species herein assigned to Lipophileps, including
species having cell FR, of the wings preserved as well as those where it is lacking.

KEY TO GONOMYIA
(Based primarily on male characters)

1. Crossvein m-cu more than its own length before the fork of M. (Subgenus Idzocera

Dale). (Seychelles; Rodriguez) A : : . aldabrensis (Edwards)
Crossvein m-cu at or close to fork of MW : . ; : 2

2. Cell R, large, vein R,,3,, subequal to or shorter than vein Ry. Sa ci
Gonomyia Meigen): . 3

Cell R;, when present, small to. very ‘small, vein Vee longer ee vein Ry
(compare thvenodes, couplet 10). (Subgenus Lipophleps Bergroth) : 5

3. Male hypopygium with a lateral horn on inner dististyle basad of the curved
outer spine; two unequal gonapophyses. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) callisto, sp. n.

Male hypopygium with lateral margin of inner dististyle unarmed; a single
gonapophysis : 3 4

4. Male hypopygium with apical lobe of basistyle eaine conspicuous; Apex of i inner

dististyle slightly produced between the outer spine and the lobe; apex of
phallosome with a recurved spine. (Kenya: Aberdares) : mendica, sp. n.

Male hypopygium with apical lobe of basistyle small, inconspicuous; apex of

inner dististyle not produced, the ventral lobe unusually deep; apex of

phallosome obtuse, unarmed. (Kenya: Elgon) . ; . evicavum, sp. n.

5. Cell R, present, there being four branches of R . : 4 j : 2 6
Cell R, lacking, there being three branches of R . . : : : : 14

6. Male hypopygium with three dististyles : : K : ‘ : : 7
Male hypopygium with two dististyles : : : F : 13

7. Wings unpatterned, except for the faintly darkened stigma. : 8

Wings subhyaline, sparsely patterned with darker, or with the ground darkened,
variegated with paler areas é : : 0 : ; : 2 9

326 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

8. Cell R, very small, vein R, shorter than 7-m; male hypopygium with the inter-
mediate dististyle complex, terminating in three points; outer dististyle
glabrous, extended into a blackened spine; phallosome terminating in
two long slender spines. (Nyasaland; Transvaal; Natal; Cape Province)

sulphurelloides Alexander
Cell R, larger, vein Rk, longer than 7-m; male hypopygium with the intermediate
style a simple horn, fused basally with the simple fleshy inner style;
outer dististyle scabrous, not blackened at tip; phallosome terminating

in two setiferous cushions. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) F unicornuta, sp. n.
9. Femora uniformly darkened ; : : : . . : ; ; 10
Femora with a subterminal darker ring : : ue

10. Cell R, larger, vein FR, longer than either Rs or Ry ei: ‘male hypopygium with
ie outer dististyle bearing an acute spine at base; phallosome simple,
without spines. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . : . thvenodes, sp. n.
Cell R, small, vein R, shorter than either Rs or Ry, 3,43 male hypopygium with
the outer diene ne a simple unarmed blade; phallosome with two
conspicuous blackened spines. : II
11. Wings with Sc, ending before origin of Fs, without ; a darkened spot; male
hypopygium with the intermediate dististyle at apex strongly recurved
into a crook. (Liberia) . : : libeviensis Alexander
Wings with Sc, ending opposite origin of Rs, the two with a common darkened
spot; male hypopygium with the intermediate dististyle nearly straight,
exceeding in length the inner style. (Belgian Congo: Katanga)
katangae Alexander
12. Male hypopygium complex, the intermediate dististyle profoundly bifid.
(Uganda: Ruwenzori) A . hyperion, sp. n.
Male hypopygium relatively simple; all three dististyles single. (Seychelles)
flavonotata (Edwards)
13. Wings very restrictedly patterned; femora with a narrow brown subterminal
ring. (Kenya; Nyasaland; Transvaal; Cape Province) noctabunda Alexander

Wings unpatterned; legs uniformly brown. (Nyasaland) : nyasae Alexander

14. Male hypopygium with two dististyles; (inner style extended into a blackened
spine; wings presumably unpatterned). (Cameroons) . lamellarvis (Speiser)
Male hypopygium with three dististyles : 15

15. Femora obscure yellow; wings unpatterned except for the faintly darkened
stigma; male hypopygium with the intermediate style profoundly bifid.

(Uganda: Ruwenzori) : : calyce, sp. n.
Femora pale, with a broad dark brown subterminal ring; wanes restrictedly
patterned, the ground dusky, conspicuously whitened at either end of
stigma; male hypopygium with the intermediate style simple or

shallowly forked near apex. (Cameroons) . é . pulchripes Alexander

Species omitted from above key because of insufficient data.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) sobrina Alexander. Based on a female specimen
from Northern Nigeria; most like G. (L.) katangae and similar forms.

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) callisto sp. n. (Fig. 152)

Belongs to the tenella group; general coloration of mesonotum brown, the
posterior border of scutellum more testaceous; rostrum yellow, restrictedly
darkened medially above; pleura yellow, patterned with reddened areas; legs
brown; wings subhyaline, stigma faintly darkened; male hypopygium with a

Pie U LIAL B27

strong erect spine on outer margin at base of the curved apical spine; two very
unequal blackened spine-like gonapophyses.

Male.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 5-6 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow, darkened medially above; palpi black. Antennae
black throughout; basal flagellar segments oval, passing into elongate, shorter
than the longest verticils. Head chiefly darkened.

Mesonotum brown, the posterior border of the scutellum more testaceous.
Pleura and pleurotergite pale yellow, the propleura, anepisternum and ventral
sternopleurite more reddened. Halteres with stem whitened, the knob infuscated.
Legs with the coxae reddish brown, the middle pair paler; trochanters obscure
yellow; remainder of legs brown, the outer tarsal segments somewhat darker.
Wings subhyaline, stigma faintly darkened; veins brown. Venation: Sc short,
Sc, ending virtually opposite the origin of Rs; basal section of R; preserved,
nearly longitudinal in position; m-cu just before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brown, sternites and hypopygium more yellowed. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 152) with the apical lobe of basistyle, b, relatively short.
Outer dististyle, d, pale throughout, the inner or mesal edge glabrous but not
darkened or flangelike. Inner dististyle relatively complex, including the usual
strong curved outer spine and a more basal shorter erect one near base of latter ;
lower outer angle relatively slender, terminating in two fasciculate bristles.
Phallosome, #, with the outer end of aedeagus obtuse, irregular in conformation ;
two very unequal blackened spinelike apophyses, one long and slender, narrowed
gradually to the acute tip, the other apophysis much smaller.

Holotype, 3, Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGAND4, 7300 ft., December
1934—-January 1935 (Edwards). Paratype, 1 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori
Range, 6500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

The present fly differs from the other regional members of the tenella group
in the hypopygial characters, as described and figured.

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) ericarum sp. n. (FIG. 153)

Belongs to the tenella group, closely allied to mendica; thoracic pleura light
yellow, conspicuously striped with brown on anepisternum and ventral sterno-
pleurite; legs dark brown; male hypopygium with the apical lobe of basistyle
very small; inner dististyle terminating in a strong outer spine, the two
fasciculate bristles slightly unequal; phallosome terminating in an obtuse
darkened head; gonapophysis microscopically setulose before the short terminal
spine.

Male.—Length about 5-5 mm.; wing 6-8 mm.

Rostrum yellow; palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar seg-
ments long-oval, the outer five more slender; verticils shorter than the segments.
Head brownish grey.

328 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Pronotum light yellow, narrowly darkened medially above, the sides dark
brown. Mesonotal praescutum with the disk dark brown to brownish grey, the
lateral borders more yellowed; pseudosutural foveae castaneous; scutellum more
brightened, especially posteriorly; pleurotergite and anterolateral part of
mediotergite yellow. Pleura yellow, conspicuously striped with brown on
anepisternum and ventral sternopleurite. Halteres with stem whitened, knob
dark brown. Legs with the coxae light yellow; trochanters brownish yellow;
remainder of legs dark brown, passing into black. Wings subhyaline, stigma
very slightly darker; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc short, Sc, ending opposite
origin of Rs, Sc, a short distance from its tip; a short basal section of vein R;;
m-cu about one-third its length beyond fork of M.

Abdominal tergites and hypopygium brown, sternites yellowed. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 153) with the apical lobe of basistyle, 6, unusually small.
Outer dististyle, d, narrow, the inner glabrous flange extending to the base. Inner
style much as in mendica but differing in conformation, as shown. Phallosome,
p, narrowed basally, at apex more expanded into an obtuse darkened head, with
no evident spine, as in mendica; gonapophysis single, generally pale, a little
expanded at outer end, terminating in a short acute point, the dilated part
before the spine weakly scabrous by microscopic setulae.

Holotype, 3, Mount Elgon, KEny4, heath zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., February
1935 (Edwards).

Most nearly related to Gonomyia (Gonomyia) mendica, sp. n., differing in
the more heavily striped pleura and in the details of the male hypopygium,
particularly the basistyle, inner dististyle and phallosome.

- Gonomyia (Gonomyia) mendica sp. n. (Fig. 154)

Belongs to the tenella group; general coloration of mesonotum dark brown,
the humeral and lateral regions of the praescutum more yellowed; rostrum
yellow; antennae brownish black throughout; pleura slightly patterned with
brown; legs pale brown; wings subhyaline, the stigma pale brown; Sc short,
Sc, ending just beyond origin of Rs, the latter in direct longitudinal alignment
with &,; male hypopygium with the inner dististyle terminating in a powerful
outer spine, the lower angle in two long fasciculate bristles; phallosome entirely
pale, the apex of aedeagus with a recurved spine, gonapophysis terminating in
a short spine, preceded by numerous setulae.

Male.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 6mm.

Female.—Length about 5-5 mm.; wing 6-5 mm.

Rostrum yellow, palpi brownish black. Antennae brownish black through.
out; flagellar segments elongate-oval, much exceeding the verticils. Head
brownish grey, the posterior vertex behind patterned with yellow.

Pronotal scutum obscure yellow above, dark brown on sides, scutellum

TIPULIDAE 329

clearer yellow. Mesonotum dark brown, very sparsely pruinose, humeral region
of praescutum more reddened, the lateral border vaguely yellowed; central
region of scutum obscure brownish yellow. Pleura light yellow, the ventral
anepisterum with a brown spot or short stripe, in the female extending across
the propleura to the cervical region. Halteres elongate, stem pale brown, its
base yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow;
remainder of legs pale brown, the outer tarsal segments brownish black. Wings
subhyaline, the stigma pale brown, inconspicuous; veins pale brown. Venation:
Sc short, Sc, ending just beyond origin of Rs, Sc, near its tip; Rs in direct longi-
tudinal alignment with R;, the basal deflection of the latter lacking; cell R
large, on margin from about three to five times as extensive as cell R,; cell
rst M, closed; m-cu at or close to fork of M.

Abdominal tergites pale brown, the sternites more yellowed. Male hypopy-
gium (Fig. 154) with the outer lobe of basistyle, b, stout, shorter than either
dististyle. Outer dististyle, d, a straight dusky blade, with numerous long setae,
inner margin of outer half with a low glabrous flange. Inner style expanded out-
wardly, the outer apical angle produced into a strong spine, the lower angle into
a short lobe that bears the usual pair of fasciculate bristles; apical margin
between these lobes slightly produced. Phallosome, /, entirely pale, the
aedeagus relatively narrow, parallel-sided, the tip bent backward into a spine; a
single gonapophysis, appearing as a subtending unblackened rod, the tip extended
into a short spine, before apex with numerous setulae.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENYA, 8000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9.

The present fly closely resembles various Holarctic species of the tenella
group. Among the regional forms it is most ike Gonomyia (Gonomyia) ericarum,
sp. n., from which it is best distinguished by hypopygial characters, especially
the inner dististyle and phallosome.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) calyce sp. n. (Fig. 156)

General coloration of thorax brownish grey, scutellum obscure yellow;
thoracic pleura with a silvery longitudinal stripe; halteres pale yellow; legs
obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments darker ; wings subhyaline, unpatterned ;
Sc short, Sc, ending some distance before origin of Rs, the latter nearly square at
base; cell R, lacking; cell rst M, pointed at inner end; male hypopygium with
three terminal dististyles, the intermediate style profoundly bifid, inner style
elongate.

Male.—Length about 3:5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with the scape and pedicel more or less
yellowed, flagellum black ; flagellar segments elongate, with very long unilaterally
distributed verticils, as in the subgenus. Head light yellow.

330 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Pronotum and pretergites light yellow. Mesonotum brownish grey, scutellum
obscure yellow. Pleura dark brown, with a silvery longitudinal stripe, extending
from behind the fore coxae to the abdomen, narrowly bordered by darker.
Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the coxae dark brown; trochanters obscure
yellow; femora and tibiae obscure yellow, the tarsal segments darker. Wings
subhyaline, unpatterned; veins pale brownish yellow. Venation: Sc short, Sc,
ending a distance before origin of Rs about two-thirds the length of the latter;
Rs nearly square at origin; cell rst M, pointed at inner end, 7-m correspondingly
lengthened; cell R, lacking ; m-cu close to fork of M.

Abdominal tergites chiefly dark brown, the lateral borders broadly, the pos-
terior margins more narrowly, yellowed; sternites more uniformly pale. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 156) with the three dististyles, d, terminal; outer style a
nearly straight simple rod or spine, narrowed very gradually into a slender
terminal point, before tip with a few small setae ; intermediate style profoundly
bifid, the outer arm about twice the inner, appearing as a gently curved spine or
narrow blade that tapers very gradually into a long terminal point; inner arm
also ending in a spine, the outer third with several strong setae ; inner style about
as long as the inner arm just described, fleshy, the two modified terminal setae
slender and scarcely more conspicuous than the other normal setae. Phallosome,
p, large, pale, the apex chiefly obtuse, with a slender needlelike spine.

Holotype, 3, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Readily told by the characters given in the key.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) hyperion sp. n. (Fig. 157)

General coloration dark brownish grey, pleura with a conspicuous silvery
stripe; femora pale yellow, with a broad black subterminal ring and a narrower
brown annulus at near two-thirds the length; posterior femur of male with a
series of about twenty-five very long setae; wings weakly infuscated, variegated
by whitened chiefly marginal areas and a restricted darker pattern; cell R,
present ; abdomen brownish black, the posterior borders of the tergites whitened ;
male hypopygium unusually complex, with three dististyles, the intermediate
one profoundly bifid; phallosome notched at apex, with a pair of black recurved
hooks in the emargination.

Male.—Length about 3:5 mm. ; wing 3°8 mm.

Female.—Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4-2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with the scape infuscated beneath,
obscure yellow above, pedicel and first two or three flagellar segments testaceous
yellow, the outer ones passing into dark brown; flagellar segments becoming
elongate, with the usual very long verticils in the male. Head obscure yellow,
the centre of the vertex more infuscated.

TIPULIDAE Bar

157 158 159

FIGS. 154-159.—Gonomyia (Gonomyia and Lipophleps) spp., male hypopygia. (154) G.
mendica; (155) G. noctabunda; (156) G. calyce; (157) G. hypevion; (158) G. thvenodes; (159) G.
unicoynuta. b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome.

Pronotum whitened above, darkened laterally; pretergites white. Mesono-
tum almost uniformly brownish grey, the scutellum broadly whitened posteriorly.
Pleura, including the dorsopleural membrane, dark brownish grey ; a conspicuous
longitudinal white stripe extending from the fore coxae to the base of abdomen,
passing beneath the halteres. Halteres whitened, the base of knob infuscated.
Legs with the coxae pale, the fore pair more darkened apically; trochanters
yellow; femora pale yellow, with a broad black subterminal ring and a much
narrower brown annulus at near two-thirds the length, the alternating rings
white; tibiae and tarsi yellowish white, the outer tarsal segments darkened ;
posterior femur of male with a row of very long curved setae on lower surface of
virtually the whole length, totalling approximately twenty-five or more. Wings
weakly infuscated, variegated by whitened spots and restricted darker brown
markings; white pattern chiefly marginal, involving the costal, apical and pos-
terior borders back to the anal cells; centre of disk on either side of cord more or

332 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

less variegated by pale; small dark areas at arculus, origin of Rs and fork of Sc,
cord, stigma, and tips of veins R, and R,; veins pale in the white areas, medium
brown in the ground fields, still darker in the heavily patterned parts. Costal
fringe conspicuous. Venation: Sc moderately long, Sc, ending opposite origin of
Rs, Sc, at its tip; Rs long, weakly angulated at origin; cell R, present, vein R,
suberect, A, strongly arcuated; cell rst M, narrowed at proximal end; m-cu
opposite fork of M.

Abdomen brownish black, the posterior borders of the tergites whitened,
sternites more uniformly darkened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 157) complex.
Dististyles terminal, three in number, the intermediate one profoundly branched
to appear like an extra style ; outer style a long simple slender blade, its tip obtuse,
at near one-third the length with a few microscopic spicules; intermediate style
bifid, the outer arm a long slender spine that narrows to an acute point, with a
very short inner projection that terminates in several spiculose points, the inner
margin of the longer arm with similar points on about its proximal third; inner
arm of style a straight rod that terminates in an acute spine; inner style a com-
paratively straight rod terminating in a long spine, with two small teeth on outer
margin before apex. Phallosome, , bifid at apex, with a median notch, at base of
which are two acute black recurved spines.

Holotype, 3, Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., Decem-
ber 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range,
4500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

The present fly is quite distinct in the pattern of the legs and wings and,
especially, in the structure of the male hypopygium.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) noctabunda Alexander (Fig. 155)
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) noctabunda Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 36-37; 1920.

KenyA: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards) ;
Kapretwa, 6500 ft., February 1935 (Edwards).

Male hypopygium (Fig. 155) with two dististyles, d, both terminal; outer
style a simple gently curved darkened blade, its tip narrowly obtuse, surface
glabrous; inner style relatively large, short-oval, the two usual stouter setae
apical in position. Phallosome, #, consisting of two gently sinuous blackened
rods that narrow gradually to acute tips, on outer margin before apex with a few
long delicate setae.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) threnodes sp. n. (Fig. 158)

General coloration of thorax reddish brown, pleura paler, with a more silvery
stripe; rostrum and antennae black throughout; legs light brown; wings with a
strong dusky tinge; Sc, ending opposite origin of Rs, cell FR, relatively small;

TIPULIDAE 553

male hypopygium with the basistyle not produced at apex; three dististyles, the
outer a narrow glabrous rod that bears a small erect spine in inner margin near
base; intermediate style a strong glabrous sickle; inner style very small,
terminating in two slender bristles.

Male.—Length about 3-3-4 mm. ; wing 3°8-5 mm.

Female.—Length about 4-8 mm. ; wing 5-3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar seg-
ments passing into elongate; verticils conspicuous. Head blackened, grey
pruinose.

Pronotum and pretergites yellow. Mesonotum reddish brown to pale brown,
scutellum broadly yellow. Pleura reddish brown, with a broad ventral more
silvery stripe extending from behind the fore coxae to the abdomen. Halteres
infuscated, base of stem narrowly pale. Legs with the coxae reddish; trochanters
testaceous; remainder of legs light brown, the outer segments darker. Wings
with a strong dusky tinge, the stigma slightly darker; veins brown. Venation:
Sc, ending opposite origin of Rs, Sc, some distance from its tip, Sc, alone sub-
equal to m; cell Rg relatively small when compared with the condition in the
subgenus Gonomyza but large for a Lipophleps; vein R, slightly more than one
half R,,3,4; Ry, virtually straight; basal section of Rk, varying in length, longer
in the holotype ; m-cu close to fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brown, sternites obscure yellow; hypopygium reddish
brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 158) with the tergite poorly developed. Basistyle
relatively small, without an apical lobe. Three dististyles, d, all terminal; outer
style a narrow glabrous blade, slightly dilated at base, on inner margin produced
into a slender erect spine ; intermediate style a strong curved glabrous sickle that
narrows very gradually into a long point; inner style very small, narrowed out-
wardly, terminating in two slender stronger setae, additional to scattered
bristles on the enlarged portion. Phallosome, p, terminating in a slender more or
less decurved projection, the sides of the phallosome with prominent lateral
shoulders.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, 3 2. Three further
specimens in series.

The position of this species in the subgenus Lipophleps may be questioned
since it shows some features in the venation that suggest the typical subgenus.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) unicornuta sp. n. (Fig. 159)

General coloration dark brown, scutellum yellow, pleura striped with silvery ;
rostrum and antennae black, the scape lined above with yellow; knobs of halteres
infuscated; legs medium brown; wings subhyaline, stigma slightly darker; Sc,
ending just before origin of Rs, cell R, present, small; male hypopygium with

334 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

two terminal dististyles, the outer a gently curved rod, its outer surface scabrous,
inner style bifid, the outer arm a blackened horn, the inner lobe with two
fasciculate setae ; phallosome symmetrical, each half terminating in a setuliferous
cushion, superimposed by a pale sclerotised blade.

Male.—Length about 4mm. ; wing 4°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, the scape lined above with yellow;
flagellar segments elongate, each with a very long bristle, unilaterally arranged.
Head dark brown, anterior vertex patterned with yellow.

Pronotum and pretergites whitened. Mesonotum dark brown, sparsely
pruinose; scutellum yellow. Pleura dark brown, sparsely pruinose, with a
conspicuous ventral silvery stripe, extending from behind the fore coxae to the
base of abdomen. Halteres with stem pale, knob infuscated. Legs with coxae
and trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs medium brown.’ Wings sub-
_ hyaline, stigma slightly darker; veins pale brown. Venation: Sc short, Sc, end-
ing just before origin of Rs, Sc, some distance from its tip; Rs relatively long,
exceeding the petiole of cell R,; vein R, short, suberect, subequal to m; cell
1st M, narrowed basally but not pointed; m-cu a short distance before the fork
of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites scarcely paler. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 159) with the dististyles, d, terminal, there being no apical lobe of the
basistyle. Two dististyles, the outer a gently curved rod that narrows to a
subacute tip, outer surface of distal three-fourths microscopically scabrous,
inner margin with a narrow glabrous flange; inner style profoundly bifid,
its outer arm a blackened horn from a slightly larger collarlike base, the
inner arm with two fasciculate setae, placed at the extreme outer apical
angle. Phallosome, #, conspicuous, symmetrical, each half appearing as an
outer setuliferous cushion, superimposed by a gently curved pale sclerotised
blade, its inner apical angle narrowly darkened; aedeagus strongly bent
before tip.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

Readily separated from allied regional species by the characters given in
the key.

Hovamyia Alexander

Hovamyia Alexander; Mem. Inst. Scient. Madagascar (A), 5: 54-55; 1951.

With the exception of the single species considered herewith, this genus is
restricted to Madagascar where it includes a small number of forms, all of which
differ from the present fly in having cell M, of the wings open by the atrophy of
the basal section of vein M,. Many of the species, including the regional one,
have the legs handsomely banded with brown and yellow.

TIPULIDAE 335

Hovamyia venustipes (Alexander)

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) venustipes Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 38-40; 1920.

Hovamyia venustipes Alexander; Mem. Inst. Scient. Madagascar (A), 5: 55; 1951.

Ucanvba: Ruwenzori Range, December 1934—January 1935, Fort Portal,
4000 ft.; Namwamba Valley, 6500-13,000 ft.; Bwamba Pass (west side), 5500—
7500 ft. (Edwards). Thirteen additional specimens in series.

The types were from Sierra Leone. Known also from the Cameroons, south-
eastward into Southern Rhodesia.

Cryptolabis Osten Sacken
Cryptolabis Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859: 224; 1859.

Subgenus Baeoura Alexander
Evioptera (Baeoura) Alexander; Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 17: 67; 1924.

Cryptolabis was based on a single species, paradoxa Osten Sacken, of eastern
North America, now known to be the most northerly representative of an
extensive group of crane-flies that reaches its greatest development in tropical
America, with fewer representatives in south-eastern Australia and Tasmania.
Baeoura is fairly well represented in South Africa and certain of the species will
probably be found to occur in the region here discussed. Elsewhere there are
further numerous species in the Oriental and southern part of the eastern
Palaearctic regions. It still is uncertain as to whether or not this group should
receive full generic status.

Limnophilomyia Alexander

Limnophila (Limnophilomyia) Alexander; Ann. South Afr. Mus., 18: 208-209; 1921.

Limnophilomyia Wood; Ann. South Afr. Mus., 39: 206-215; 1952.

The group was based on Limnophila lacteitarsis Alexander, of South Africa,
of which Wood has more recently found abundant materials of the adult and
has been able to find the larva and pupa, throwing strong light on the true
affinities of the group. From his studies it is apparent that Limnophilomyia
must be removed from Limnophila and placed in the near vicinity of Lipsothrix
Loew. However it still is very uncertain as to whether or not Lipsothrix is
properly referrable to the tribe Eriopterini where it is treated at this time.

The adults of the two genera are very dissimilar in the basic plan of the
male hypopygium but show affinities in the general features of venation, the
toothed claws, lack of tibial spurs, and, especially, in the general structure of
the larva and pupa. In addition to Wood’s excellent account and figures on the
early stages of Limnophilomyia lacteitarsis (Alexander), a very important
recent paper by Hinton on two British species of Lipsothrix should be consulted.*

* The structure of the spiracular gill of the genus Lipsothyix (Tipulidae), with some
observations on the living epithelium isolated in the gill at the pupa-adult moult. Proc.
Roy. Ent. Soc. London (A), 30: 1-14; March 1955.

336 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

In America, Professor J. Speed Rogers, leading student of crane-fly biology and
ecology, has bred the only species of Lipsothrix occurring in eastern North
America, Lipsothrix sylvia (Alexander), under conditions that were very similar
to those found by Wood and by Hinton for their respective species.

It may be noted that virtually all known species of Lipsothrix are from the
Northern Hemisphere whereas Limnophilomyza is almost as decisively from the
Southern, there being only a few forms in either genus that barely cross the
equator. Besides the three species of Limnophilomyia treated in the key, two
further undescribed species from southern Tanganyika and Natal are being
described elsewhere at this same time and it seems possible that various others
remain to be discovered.

Key to LIMNOPHILOMYIA

1. Cell rst M, present; (outer tarsal segments whitened). (Extralimital: Cape
District) : . : : : . lacteitayvsis (Alexander)
Cell M, open by the atrophy of 3 m : 2

2. Antennae of male elongate, subequal to body; lees, inélading the rer oan

male hypopygium with the ee: elongate, expanded outwardly.
(Uganda: Ruwenzori) P : : edwavdsomyia, sp. n.

Antennae of male shorter, about two- ards as fone as body; legs pale brown, the

tarsi extensively whitened; male hypopygium with the dististyle long

and slender, gradually narrowed to the subacute tip. (Uganda:
Ruwenzori) . : : : : : : : 3 nivetpes, sp. nN.

Limnophilomyia edwardsomyia sp. n. (Figs. 147 and 150)

General coloration brown, the head and abdomen darker; antennae of male
elongate, approximately equal to the body; legs brown, including the tarsi;
wings with a dusky suffusion; cell MM, open by atrophy of m; male hypopygium
with the apices of tergal lobes obliquely truncated; dististyle expanded at
outer end; aedeagus bearing a long slender clavate lobe on margin before apex.

Male.—Length about 6-6-5 mm. ; wing 8-9 mm.; antenna about 6-3-6-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout, elongate in male,
approximately as long as body; flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, with an
abundant vestiture of moderate length, scattered over the entire segment;
terminal segment very small. Head dark brown; anterior vertex broad.

Mesonotal praescutum and scutum medium brown, the setae long but very
sparse ; scutellum and postnotum paler brown. Pleura light brown; meron small,
the middle and hind coxae approximated. Halteres long, infuscated. Legs with
the coxae and trochanters light brown; remainder of legs, including tarsi,
brown; claws with a comb of short teeth on proximal half. Wings (Fig. 147)
broad, with a dusky suffusion, the prearcular and costal fields a trifle darker;
vicinity of veins slightly darker than the centres of the cells; veins brown.
Venation: Sc, ending shortly before midlength of Ry,3,4, Sc, about opposite
fork of Rs; basal section of R, longer than r-m, in direct longitudinal alignment

TIPULIDAE 337

with Rs; cell M, open by atrophy of m; m-cu close to fork of M; Anal veins
slightly convergent at bases, cell 2nd A broad.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 150) with
the tergite, ¢, produced posteriorly into two flattened lobes that are separated
by a deep V-shaped notch, the apices of the lobes obliquely truncated, the
mesal point longest; surface with long scattered setae. Basistyle, 0, relatively
short and stout, only a little longer than the dististyle. Dististyle, d, single,
expanded at outer end, terminating in a small point, the outer half or less with
a lateral flange to the outer end of style. Aedeagus about as long as the dististyle
and stouter; on margin before apex produced into a long slender club, the apex
beyond this point shorter, triangularly produced.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 12,000-
13,000 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotype, 3. Four
additional males in series.

This particularly interesting crane-fly is dedicated to the memory of the
collector, my dear friend and colleague, the late Dr. Fred Wallace Edwards.
The species is quite distinct from all other known species in the darkened tarsi
and, especially, in the details of structure of the male hypopygium.

Limnophilomyia niveipes sp. n. (Fig. 151)

General coloration of thorax reddish brown, the pleura more yellowed;
antennae of male moderately long, about two-thirds the body; legs pale brown,
the tarsi snowy white ; wings weakly tinged with brown, cell 17, open by atrophy
of m; male hypopygium with the apices of the tergal lobes rounded; dististyle
long and slender, narrowed very gradually to the subacute tip; aedeagus with
a small lateral branch at near three-fourths the length.

Male.—Length about 6. mm.; wing 7 mm.; antenna about 4 mm.

Rostrum brown; palpi brownish black. Antennae of male elongate, approxi-
mately two-thirds the body, black throughout; flagellar segments long-
cylindrical, with abundant dense erect black pubescence; terminal segment
small. Head dark brown.

Mesonotal praescutum and scutum light reddish brown or fulvous, un-
patterned; posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura paling to yellow or testa-
ceous. Halteres long, infuscated. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow;
femora pale brown; tibiae pale brown, somewhat paler at tips; tarsi snowy
white, the proximal ends of basitarsi weakly darkened. Wings weakly tinged
with brown, stigma undifferentiated; veins pale brown. Venation: R,,3,4
strongly arcuated at origin, vein FR, before the fork, there being a short to longer
element F,,,, in cases this nearly as long as vein R,; cell M, open by atrophy
of m; m-cu shortly before fork of M.

Abdomen elongate, tergites brown; basal sternites obscure brownish yellow,

338 RUWENZORI. EXPEDITION

becoming darker outwardly; hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium
(Fig. 151) with the tergite, ¢, produced into two narrow blades that diverge
gently at their tips, separated by a slightly wider U-shaped notch; surface of
lobes with relatively few major setae; apices obtuse. Basistyle, 6, relatively
stout, simple. Dististyle, d, single, long and slender, only a little shorter than
the basistyle, narrowed very gradually to the subacute tip; surface of style
with a microscopic area on outer two-thirds, at its apex with a long pale seta
and a small stout pale spine. Aedeagus, a, a little longer than the dististyle,
extended at tip into a long slender rod; outer margin at near three-fourths the
length with a short stout lobe or branch.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Two further males in series.

Entirely distinct from the other known species in the reddish brown thorax,
open cell M,, whitened tarsi, and structure of the male hypopygium. The most
similar of the described species is Limnophilomyia lacteitarsis, for which Wood
has described the male hypopygium ; this has the basistyle more lengthened and
slender, and the aedeagus simple, lacking the conspicuous appendage found in
both of the Uganda species.

Tasiocera Skuse
Tastoceva Skuse; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales (2), 4: 815; 1890.

Subgenus Dasymolophilus Goetghebuer
Molophilus (Dasymolophilus) Goetghebuer; Bull. Soc. Ent. Belgique, 2: 132; 1920.

The genus Taszocera is represented in the Ethiopian fauna by a few species
occurring in South and East Africa, and in Madagascar. I am retaining the
subgeneric name Dasymolophilus for those species having the antennae shortened
in both sexes, the typical subgenus including the forms in which the antennae
of the male are greatly lengthened. As thus restricted, a fairly definite distribu-
tional pattern seems to be indicated, with the species of Taszocera, s. s., occurring
in the Australasian region, those of Dasymolophilus in the Holarctic, Ethiopian
and southern Neotropical regions.

KEY TO TASIOCERA

1. Male hypopygium with the phallosome terminating in two acute spines.

(Uganda: Ruwenzori) : : ; : POSE sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the phallosone not bispinose : : 2

2. Male hypopygium with the dististyle bearing a comb of four slender Soins.
(Uganda: Ruwenzori; Kenya: Elgon) : : : seas sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the dististyle unarmed with apines : 3

3. Male hypopygium with the dististyle long and slender, ribbonlike, not con-
spicuously dilated at base. (Seychelles) . . minutissima Edwards
Male hypopygium with the dististyle shorter, evidently dilated on basal half 4

TIPULIDAE 339

4. Male hypopygium with the phallosome a flattened glabrous blade, the tip
obtuse. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) ; propria, sp. n.

Male hypopygium with the phallosome a large plate, extended into a strong rod

that terminates in a long straight black spine. (Uganda: Ruwenzori)
dignissima, sp. n.

Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) biacufera sp. n. (Fig. 163)

General coloration dark brown; wings narrow, anal angle lacking, strongly
tinged with brown, the prearcular field and seams along the veins more whitened;
Ro+344 about twice the basal section of R,, cell 2nd A narrow; male hypopygium
with the dististyle a curved black sickle, the tip acute, before apex with a low
crenulate flange; phallosome a conspicuous blackened plate that is split into
two arms that are extended into long straight spines.

Male.—Length about 3 mm.; wing 3-5 mm.; antenna about 0-8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae short, dark brown; flagellar segments
subcylindrical, with verticils that much exceed the segments. Head dark
brown.

Pronotum and mesonotum dark brown or reddish brown, the latter with
scattered elongate setae. Pleura dark brown. Halteres relatively long, dark
brown, the base of stem restrictedly pale. Legs dark brown, the femoral bases
restrictedly yellow; claws with long basal spines, empodium stout and con-
spicuously setuliferous. Wings narrow, especially on basal half, anal angle
lacking; strongly suffused with brown, the prearcular field and narrow seams
along the veins more whitened; veins pale brown. Macrotrichia long and
conspicuous, virtually as long as the width of cells. Venation: R,,3,4 about
twice the basal section of R,; M,,, about equal in length to M,; m-cu approxi-
mately one-half its length beyond fork of M; cell 2nd A narrow.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 163) with
the ninth tergite, ¢, large, the posterior border convexly rounded, the central
part slightly more truncate. Dististyle, d, a curved blackened sickle, its tip
acute; lower margin back from apex with a low crenulated flange, the surface
with about four scattered pale punctures; at base of style on same face with a
further short flange or strut. Phallosome, p, a conspicuous blackened plate that
is split into two arms that terminate in long straight spines. Aedeagus a little
longer, obscure yellow, narrowed outwardly, terminating in a small blackened
decurved beak.

Holotype, 3, Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 7300 ft., December
29-31, 1934 (Edwards).

Tastocera (Dasymolophilus) biacufera is readily told from the other regional
forms by the structure of the male hypopygium, especially the somewhat
peculiar phallosome, the conformation of which has suggested the specific
name.

340 RUWENZORI- EXPEDITION

Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) dignissima sp. n. (Fig. 164)

Male.—Length about 3°5-3-8 mm. ; wing 4-4-5 mm.; antenna about 0-9 mm.

Most nearly as in 7. (D.) propria, sp. n., differing in various regards. Size
larger; wings broader. Venation: R,,5,, present as a very short element,
R,,3 more or less angulated; m-cu shortly beyond fork of M; cell 2nd A slightly
broader. Male hypopygium (Fig. 164) with the dististyle, d, much as in propria,
the setae, especially those near base, longer. Phallosome, /, quite distinct, the
longest element a larger plate that is produced into a strong sinuous rod,
terminating in a long straight black spine; outer surface before the spine with
numerous erect setae; apophysis longer than in propria, the stem long and
slender; shorter apophysis stouter and more spike-like. In both species, the
longer paired apophyses appear to be slightly asymmetrical.

Holotype, 3, Kiriruma Camp, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range,
UcanDaA, in lower heath zone, 10,200 ft., January 6-10, 1935 (Edwards).
Paratopotypes, 2 3; Paratype, 1 3, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, in
heath zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., January 9-15, 1935 (Buxton).

Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) probosa sp. n. (Fig. 165)

General coloration dark reddish brown; wings with a dusky tinge; R,,5,4
punctiform or lacking, cell M, nearly twice its petiole, m-cu close to fork of M;
male hypopygium with the dististyle flattened and expanded on proximal half,
the outer part abruptly narrowed, bearing a comb of four long slender spines;
phallosome a depressed-flattened plate, its posterior end trilobulate, the margin
smooth to weakly spinulose.

Male.—Length about 3-3 mm.; wing 4 mm.

Female.—Length about 3-5 mm.; wing 4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with scape brownish yellow, remainder
of organ black; flagellar segments oval, with long conspicuous verticils. Head
brownish grey.

Pronotum obscure brownish yellow. Mesothorax almost uniform dark
reddish brown, the sides of praescutum slightly brighter, the central area of
praescutum more darkened. Halteres infuscated, the base of stem restrictedly
yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters testaceous yellow; femora obscure
brownish yellow, the tibiae and tarsi somewhat darker brown. Wings with a
dusky tinge, the veins and macrotrichia darker. Anal angle lacking. Venation:
Roy,3,4 punctiform or lacking, R,,, arising at or immediately beyond the fork
of Rs; cell M; nearly twice its petiole ; m-cu close to fork of M; cell 2nd A narrow.
Cell zst M, appears to be closed by the retention of a weak m but this is not
quite certain.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 165) with
the tergite large, the posterior margin truncate to very insensibly emarginate,

TIPULIDAE 341

161

165 166

Fics. 160-166.—G ymmnastes, Ormosia and Tasiocera spp., male hypopygia. (160) G. teuchola-
boides; (161) O. subnuba; (162) O. vanstraelent, (163) T. biacufeva; (164) T. dignissima;
(165) T. probosa; (166) T. propria. b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; ?¢, tergite.

342 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

with about eight strong marginal setae on either side. Dististyle, d, dark-
coloured, flattened and expanded on basal half, the outer part abruptly more
narrowed, the tip obtuse; a comb of four long slender spines on the narrowed
portion. Phallosome, #, a depressed-flattened plate, its posterior border more
or less trilobulate, the actual margin ranging from smooth to weakly spinulose.
Aedeagus varying from horn-yellow to more blackened, the recurved tip an
acute spine.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8300 ft.,
January 5, 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9. Paratopotypes, 3 3; with three
others in series. Paratypes, 1 g, Mount Elgon, Kenya, heath zone, 10,500-
11,500 ft., February 2—March 2, 1935 (Edwards); 1 3, Budongo Forest, Masindi
District, Lake Albert, UGANDA, February 7-8, 1935 (Edwards).

Evidently common and widely distributed since it was included by Edwards
under four different numbers, as indicated. It is readily told from the other
regional allied forms by the structure of the male hypopygium, especially the
dististyle.

Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus) propria sp. n. (Fig. 166)

Legs with the empodia long and slender, unusually glabrous; R,,3,, lacking
or punctiform, Fs in direct longitudinal alignment with R,; male hypopygium
with the dististyle a horn-yellow flattened blade, broadest across the basal half,
thence very gradually narrowed to the obtuse tip; phallosome with the central
organ appearing as a glabrous flattened blade, more or less constricted at near
midlength; apophyses small and inconspicuous.

Male.—Length about 3 mm.; wing 3-8 mm.; antenna about 0-8 mm.

Female.—Length about 3-5 mm.; wing 4:2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae short, dark brown. Head dark brownish
grey.

Thorax almost uniform dark brown, the setae dark coloured, long and con-
spicuous. Halteres darkened, base of stem restrictedly pale. Legs with the
coxae brown or testaceous brown; trochanters testaceous yellow; remainder of
legs chiefly dark brown; claws setiferous, bearing conspicuous appendages,
including acute basal spines; empodium long and slender, almost as long as the
claws, unusually glabrous. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, the prearcular
and costal regions more yellowed; veins pale brown, stout, the adjoining mem-
brane a little more tinged with brown than the cell centres; macrotrichia dark
brown. Venation: F,,3,, lacking or punctiform, Rs in direct longitudinal
alignment with R,; m-cu about one and one-half times its length before fork of
M,,,4; cell 2nd A moderately long, the anal angle feebly indicated.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black. Male hypopygium (Fig.
166) with the dististyle, d, a horn-yellow flattened blade, broadest across the

TIPULIDAE 343

basal half or less, very gradually narrowed to the obtuse tip, provided with
sparse scattered setigerous punctures over much of the surface. Phallosome, ,
with the longer central organ a flattened dark-coloured blade, entirely glabrous,
more or less constricted at near midlength, the distal part of blade elongate-oval ;
subtending paired apophyses very small, including relatively slender straight
spines and larger strongly curved hooks.

Holotype, 3, Bikoni, Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 7300 ft.,
December 29-31, 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotype, 1 3; two others
in series. Edwards notes that the species was found while swarming at dusk, not
seen in the day time.

The comparisons of this species with the other regional forms are given in the
key.

Ormosia Rondani

Ormosia Rondani; Prodr. Dipterol. Italicae, 1: 180; 1856.

A large and complex Holarctic genus, in the Ethiopian region being repre-
sented by two endemic subgenera, Tvichotrimicra Alexander, with a few species
in eastern and south-eastern Africa, and Neserioptera, subgen. n., restricted to the
Seychelles Islands, as known.

KEY TO ORMOSIA

1. Wings with the trichia of the veins replaced by scales, long and narrow excepting
on the bases of the principal veins where they are broad; Sc very short,
Sc, ending about opposite one-third the length of Fs; vein R,,5,4 elongate,
approximately four-fifths Rs; cell M, open. (Subgenus Neservioptera,

subgen. n.) (Seychelles) . E : perpusilla Edwards
Wings with normal trichia; Sc longer, Sc, ending about opposite two-thirds to
three-fourth Rs but distinctly before the fork of the latter; vein Ry.3,4
short, approximately one-third Fs or less; cell rst MM, closed. (Subgenus

Trichotrimicva Alexander) . : : 4 : : : : 2
2. Size large (wing of female 8 mm.). (Uganda: Ruwenzori) : : aia Span:
Size small (wing approximately 5 mm. or less). 3

3. Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle very large, expanded outwardly, on
outer margin at near midlength with a strong arm that is dilated at apex.

(Extralimital: Natal) . . . hivtipennis (Alexander)
Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle slender, broadest at near midlength
and here bearing an acute spine : 4

4. Halteres yellow; male hypopygium with the spine of the outer dististyle
relatively small and stout; inner dististyle with about the outer third
recurved; outer gonapophysis appearing as a stout spine. (Belgian
Congo: Ruanda; Uganda; Kenya) . . vanstraelenit Alexander

Halteres darkened; male hypopygium with the spine of the outer dististyle long
and slender; inner dististyle slightly dilated at apex, with an acute
recurved point before apex; outer gonapophysis appearing as a broadly
flattened blade. (Uganda: Sabinio; Kenya: Aberdares) : subnuba, sp. n.

344 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Subgenus Neserioptera subgen. n.

Characters generally as in Ormosia, s. s., differing in the venation and trichia-
tion of the wings and in the structure of the male hypopygium.

Trichia of all veins and cells of wing consisting of linear scales instead of
setae, those at bases of veins C, Sc, R, Cu and Anals much broader, approxi-
mately one-third to one-fourth as broad as long. Venation: Sc very short, Sc,
ending about opposite one-third the length of Rs; R,,3,, very long and straight,
approximately four-fifths Rs; Rk, at or before fork of R,,,,,4; inner ends of cells
R,, R; and M, in slightly oblique alignment, the last slightly more basal in
position ; cell 7, open by atrophy of basal section of M; cell 2nd M, about as
long as its petiole; m-cu shortly beyond fork of M; vein 2nd A nearly straight,
ending about opposite origin of Rs. Male hypopygium (based on Edwards’s
figure) with two terminal dististyles, the larger unequally bilobed, its outer
lobe provided with a few strong setae; second style terminating in a single
powerful spinelike bristle ; aedeagus simple, slender.

Type of subgenus.—Ormosia perpusilla Edwards (Seychelles). (Trans. Linn.
Soc. London, 2nd ser., Zool., 15: 208-209; 1912.)

Subgenus Trichotrimicra Alexander

Trimicva (Tvichotvimicva) Alexander; Ann. S. African Mus., 18: 195; 1921.

Ormosia (Trichotrimicra) majuscula sp. n.

Size large (wing of female 8 mm.); general coloration dark brown, the prae-
scutum without differentiated stripes; legs medium brown; wings weakly tinged
with brown; Sc, ending some distance before fork of Rs; cell zst M, small, about
one-third as long as distal section of M,, ».

Female.—Length about 5:5 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout, relatively ome
flagellar segments long-oval to elongate. Head dark brown; anterior vertex
broad.

Pronotum brownish black, pretergites obscure yellow. Mesonotum almost
uniformly dark brown, the praescutum without distinct stripes; tuberculate pits
black, virtually contiguous, in transverse alignment with the black pseudosutural
foveae. Pleura dark brown. Halteres brown, the knobs in the unique type
destroyed by pests. Legs with the coxae and trochanters light brown; remainder
of legs medium brown; setae coarse, microtrichia very small. Wings weakly
tinged with brown, stigma scarcely darker; veins medium brown. Abundant
macrotrichia in wing cells, especially dense in cells of outer two-thirds of wing,
reduced and finally lacking basad of origin of cord. Venation: Sc short, as in the
subgenus, Sc, ending some distance before fork of Rs, Sc, about opposite three-
fifths ts; R, very oblique, subequal to R,,5; Ry,3,4 short, a trifle less than

TIPULIDAE 345

Ry,3; cell rst M, small, about one-third the distal section of M,,.; m-cu a short
distance beyond fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor with cerci horn-yellow, large and powerful,
upcurved to the acute tips.

Holotype, 9, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 12,000-
13,000 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton).

In the absence of the male sex, this fly is distinguished from the other
regional members of the subgenus chiefly by the large size. It seems certain that
the male sex will provide additional specific characters in the structure of the

hypopygium.

Ormosia (Trichotrimicra) subnuda sp. n. (Fig. 161)

Size small (wing under 5 mm.) ; general coloration of thorax dark brown, very
sparsely pruinose; legs brownish yellow; wings with a weak brownish tinge,
stigma a trifle darker; macrotrichia of wing cells relatively sparse; Ry,3,, about
one-half R,,5, Ry,, suberect at origin; male hypopygium with the spine of the
outer dististyle long and slender ; inner dististyle with the apex dilated, bearing a
recurved spinous point on outer margin at near two-thirds the length ; phallosome
including broad flattened outer apophyses and an inner pair of divergent
spines.

Male.—Length about 3-5 mm.; wing 4-6 mm.

Female.—Length about 3-6 mm. ; wing 4:8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with scape black, pedicel brown,
flagellum light brown; flagellar segments oval, with long verticils. Head dark
brown.

Pronotum dark brown; pretergites obscure yellow. Mesonotum and pleura
dark brown, very sparsely pruinose; in the female, the colour of the notum is
slightly more brightened. Halteres infuscated. Legs with the coxae and
trochanters obscure yellow, remainder of legs brownish yellow, the outer tarsal
segments darkened ; terminal tarsal segment subtruncate at tip, produced slightly
beyond the point of insertion of the claws. Wings with a weak brownish tinge,
the costal and prearcular fields a little more yellowish brown; stigma a trifle
darker than the ground; veins pale brown, more yellowed in the paler fields.
Macrotrichia of cells well-distributed but relatively few in number, virtually
lacking on proximal third of wing, including cell 2nd A. Venation: Sc, ending
distinctly before fork of Rs, Sc. a short distance from its tip, Sc, a little longer
than 7-m; R,,3,4, about one-half R,,,; R,,3 suberect at origin, subequal to
vein R,; cell rst M, narrow; m-cu at or just before fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites paler. Male hypopygium (Fig. 161)
generally as in vanstraelent, differing especially in the structure of the phallosome.
Spine of outer dististyle, d, long and slender; inner dististyle with the apex

346 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

dilated, bearing an acute recurved spinous point on outer margin at near two-
thirds the length. Phallosome, #, including broad flattened outer apophyses and
an inner pair of divergent spines.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENYA, 10,000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Mount Sabinio, Kigezi Province, south-west
UGANDA, 8000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards).

Most nearly related to Ormosia (Trichotrimicra) vanstraelent Alexander,
differing in the characters given in the key.

Ormosia (Trichotrimicra) vanstraeleni Alexander (Fig. 162)

Ormosia (Trvichotrimicra) vanstraelent Alexander; Explor. Parc National Albert, Mission

de Witte (1933-1935), Tipulidae (in press).

UcanbDA: Bwamba Pass (west side), Ruwenzori Range, 5500-7500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Mount Mgahinga, Kigezi Province,
10,000-11,000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards). Three more in series.

KenyA: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 10,000 ft., October 1934
(Edwards).

The above are all part of the type series, the remainder being from Mount
Karisimbi, Ruanda, Belgian Congo, altitude 2400 metres, taken by de Witte.

The single specimen from Kenya differs from the other available material in
the paler brown coloration and in slight details of structure of the male hypo-
pygium, which, if proven constant in a larger series of specimens, would indicate
a distinct species. Male hypopygium with the recurved part of the inner disti-
style very long, approximately three-fourths the stem. Phallosome with the
spines virtually straight; inner pale elements apparently differing in con-
formation.

Erioptera Meigen

Eriopteva Meigen; Illiger’s Mag., 2: 262; 1803.

Subgeneric references:

Mesocyphona Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., 4: 161; 1869.
Meteriopteyva Alexander; Philippine Journ. Sci., 53: 462-463; 1934.
Podoneuva Bergroth; Entomol. Tidskr., g: 133; 1888.

Psiloconopa Zetterstedt; Ins. Lapponica, Dipt., p. 847; 1838.

Trimicra Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861: 290; 1861.

The genus Evioptera in its widest sense is found in all major regions of the
world, including many of the remote islands. In Tropical Africa it is represented
chiefly by species of the subgenera Evioptera and Podoneura, with scattered
representatives of other groups. A single subgenus and species, Evioptera
(Lvimicra) pilipes (Fabricius), is known from every major region, as well as
Madagascar and New Zealand, and likewise from various southern and sub-
antarctic islands of the southern hemisphere.

10.

Il.

Iz.

13.

14.

TIPULIDAE 347

Key To ERIOPTERA

Cell rst M, closed

Cell rst M, open

Vein 2nd A simple ; . : : : :

Vein 2nd A forked at antics eh, (Subgenus Podoneuva Bergroth)

Vein 2ud A short and virtually straight : :

Vein 2vd A long and sinuous on outer half .

Wings unpatterned; antennae with outer three segments abruptly smaller.
(Subgenus Tvimicva Osten Sacken.) (East and South Africa: Cosmo-
politan) : . pilipes (Fabricius)

Wings conspicuously patterned with darker: antennal segments gradually
reduced in size outwardly. eypecnne Psiloconopa Zetterstedt.) (Belgian
Congo; Kenya) ; : . vutshuvuensis Alexander

Wing cells with abundant macrotrichia; veins unspotted. (Uganda: Ruwenzori)

selipennis, Sp. n.

Wing cells glabrous; veins beyond cord with small brown spots and clouds.

Atk OW AN

(Kenya; Southern Rhodesia; Transvaal) . : . subirvvovata Alexander
Cell M, of wings open by atrophy of m : : : 4
Cell M, of wings open by atrophy of basal section of vein M,. (Subgenus

Meccoye iowa Osten Sacken) . 10
‘Legs light brown, the tips of the femora and subequal pases of the tibiae abruptly

white. (Subgenus Meteriopteva Alexander.) (Sao Tomé) genualis Edwards
Legs without whitened genua. (Subgenus Eviopteva Meigen) : : II

Legs uniformly blackened. (Belgian Congo: Karisimbi; Uganda: Rilwenzori)
bequaertiana (Alexander)
Legs variegated, all femora with a subterminal yellow ring, remainder black . 9
Fork of vein 2nd A large, sprawly; male hypopygium with the spines of the
outer dististyle unequal, the lower one long and spinelike; gonapophysis
appearing as a curved black horn. (East and South Africa; Madagascar)
anthvacogvamma (Bergroth)
Fork of vein 2vd A small; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle very
shallowly forked at tip, the short spines subequal; gonapophysis appear-
ing as a pale blade. (Belgian Congo; Kenya) . . brevifurcata (Alexander)
Wings brown, with four or five ochreous spots along the costal border and with
other smaller pale areas on disk; head black; femur pale, with one or two

brown rings. (Seychelles) : : maculosa (Edwards)
Wings yellowish subhyaline, unpatterned; head whitened ; femur yellowish
ochreous. (Seychelles) . : albicapitella (Edwards)
Wings virtually unicolorous, except for the darkened ae area, when this is
present i é 12
Wings patterned with oun at least ats a arenes darkened’s seam Over the cord 13
Male hypopygium with the inner dististyle extended into a long acute spine.
(Belgian Congo; Uganda) . : . karisimbic Alexander
Male hypopygium with the inner dististyle terminating in an orbicular head.
(Uganda: Ruwenzori) : : : biobtusa, sp. n.
Wing pattern restricted to a narrow brown seam over the cord. : : 5 14
Wing pattern more extensive, including pale brown clouds and washes . ; 15

Wings with stigma yellow; darkened seam narrow, beginning at costa above vein
R,, ending at vein Cu; veins, except in the darkened parts, light yellow;
head buffy yellow; knobs of halteres weakly infuscated. (Belgian Congo)
angusticincta Alexander
Wings with stigma brown, confluent with the darkened seam along cord, the
latter continued along vein Cu to the wing margin or virtually so; veins
of outer half of wing pale brown; head brownish grey, orbits whitened ;
knobs of halteres blackened. (Kenya) : : : cristata Alexander

348 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

15. Femora with brown pattern, including the tips; wing, Fig. 219. (Eastern and
Southern Africa). : ; : : é é Bee: Bergroth
Femora uniformly yellow : : 16
16. Wings weakly darkened, the costal border extensively yellow: an a narrow
pale band over the cord; no pale area in the anal field. (Extralimital:
Southern Rhodesia; Transvaal) : cavioy Alexander
Wings variegated with brown and yellow, the latter includiiig four major
triangular areas, two being costal, two on posterior border, including the
anal field : . £7,
17. Cells of wing beyond cord chiefly darkened, the extreme outer margin yellow;
body brownish black, with a yellowed area on the mesepisternum.

(Kenya) : . nitidiuscula Alexander
Cells of wing beyond cord broadly yellow, the colour éxtended basad about to
one-third the distance to the cord; body coloration not as above . 3 18

18. Praescutum obscure yellow, with a polished black inverted T-shaped area;
abdomen patterned with yellow and black, intermediate tergites yellow,
their apical parts infuscated, eighth segment black; male hypopygium
with the inner dististyle simple, its outer half much enlarged, narrowed
to an acute spine; gonapophysis appearing as a slender pale spine from
an expanded base. (Belgian Congo: Katanga) . . bequaerti Alexander
Praescutum obscure yellow, with three dark stripes, the median one reddish
brown, the laterals more blackened; abdomen yellow, the tergites
indistinctly darker medially; male hypopygium with the inner dististyle
bispinous, the longer arm very strongly recurved beyond origin, not
greatly enlarged before the acute tip; gonapophysis appearing as a
powerful blackened horn; wing, Fig. 218. (Nyasaland) carissima Alexander

Erioptera (Podoneura) anthracogramma (Bergroth)
Podoneura anthvacogramma Bergroth; Entomol. Tidskr., Q: 133-134, Fig. 2; 1888.

Ucanpa: Mount Sabinio, 7000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards).

Kenya: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards).
Nyeri Track, Aberdare Range, 10,500 ft., October 1934 (Edwards). A forest
species, according to Edwards. Four other specimens in series.

Erioptera (Podoneura) bequaertiana (Alexander) (Fig. 169)

Podoneura bequaertiana Alexander; Rept. Harvard Afr. Exped., 2: 1018, Fig. 10, sub. 6;

1930.

UGANDA: Ruwenzori Range, December 1934—January 1935, Namwamba
Valley, 6500 ft.,; Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft. (Edwards). Two further specimens
from the Namwamba Valley, 10,200 ft. (Edwards), have a much more restricted
wing pattern but are undoubtedly conspecific. Edwards notes that this unpat-
terned form was abundant at this high altitude. There are sixteen further
specimens in the series. The type, a male, was from the northern slope of Mount
Karisimbi, Kivu, Belgian Congo, taken in the subalpine zone at 11,370 ft., by
Joseph Bequaert.

Male hypopygium (Fig. 169) generally as in anthracogramma, differing in
details, including the lateral spine of the gonapophysis. Tergite with posterior
border gently convex, very insensibly notched medially, without lateral points or

TIPULIDAE 349

shoulders. Outer dististyle, d, slender, very unequally forked, the apical spine
about twice the outer lateral one; surface microscopically setulose. Inner disti-
style a broad compressed-flattened blade, the tip very obtuse. Phallosome, p,
with the gonapophysis appearing as a heavily sclerotised horn, curved laterad
into an acute point, with asmall lateral spine on outer margin near base. Aedeagus
subrectangular in outline, the two halves appearing as a broadly flattened blade
on either side, the free genital ducts recurved.

Erioptera (Podoneura) brevifurcata (Alexander) (Fig. 170)

Podoneura brevifurcata Alexander; Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaine, 19: 361-362; 1930. Rept.
Harvard Afr. Exped., 2: 1017, Fig. 10, sub. 8 (wing); 1930.

KenyA: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards).
A swamp inhabiting species, according to Edwards.

There is some variation in the length of the longer branch of vein 2nd A,
which may or may not bear macrotrichia. Male hypopygium (Fig. 170) very
different from that of the other known African species. Tergal plate with its
posterior border gently convex, each outer apical angle elevated into a low
knob. Both dististyles, d, terminal, the outer one more slender, microscopically
setulose, shallowly notched at tip, with both projections pointed; inner style
broad at apex and more or less emarginate. Phallosome, #, with the gonapo-
physis appearing as a pale broad-based blade, narrowed outwardly into a slender
obtuse lobe. Aedeagus with arms appearing as long triangular blades, narrowed
outwardly into points.

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) rutshuruensis Alexander (Fig. 171)

Evioptera (Psiloconopa) rutshuruensis Alexander; Explor. Parc National Albert, Mission

de Witte (1933-1935), Tipulidae (in press).

Male.—Length about 4-4-5 mm. ; wing 4°5—5°5 mm.

Female.—Length about 3-5-5 mm.; wing 4—5 mm.

Kenya: Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards).
Kapretwa, Mount Elgon, 6500 ft., February 1935 (Edwards). Eight further
specimens in series.

The type, a female, was from the Parc National Albert, collected by de Witte.

Allotype, 2, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, Sooo ft., October 1934
(dwards).

Characters generally as in the female. Male hypopygium (Fig. 171) with the
tergite, ¢, a depressed-flattened densely hairy plate, its posterior border with a
deep and narrow median notch. Basistyle on inner apical part of a low lobe.
Dististyles, d, two, the outer style profoundly bifid, both arms pointed, subequal
in size; outer arm with abundant microscopic spinulae, inner arm smooth; inner
style a long pale blade, narrowed outwardly, with several setae along lower edge

350 RUWENZORI-EXPEDITION

W
yy
bi 1

i Vy
vi ST t

171

Fics. 167-173.—Eviopteva spp., male hypopygia. (167) E. setipennis; (168) E. subirrorata;
(169) E. bequaertiana; (170) E. brevifurcata; (171) E. rutshuruensis; (172) E. biobtusa; (173)
E. cristata. b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p, phallosome; ¢, tergite.

and a strong pale subterminal bristle. Phallosome, #, a depressed-flattened
plate, divided at apex into divergent points.

The species is apparently closely allied to Evioptera (Psiloconopa) maculata
Meigen, of the western Palaearctic region, but the hypopygial structure is quite
distinct.

TIPULIDAE 351

Erioptera setipennis sp. n. (Fig. 167)

Allied to subirrorata; general coloration of mesonotum yellowish grey, the
praescutum with three more brownish grey stripes; knobs of halteres weakly
darkened; legs obscure brownish yellow; wings with a strong brownish tinge,
restrictedly patterned with darker brown spots; abundant coarse macrotrichia
in the wing cells; cell rst M, closed; male hypopygium with the dististyles nearly
terminal; aedeagus stout, subtended by a blackened arm that terminates in an
acute spine.

Male.—Length about 5-5 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Female.—Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7-4 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennae with the scape and
pedicel dark brown, the relatively long flagellum somewhat paler brown;
flagellar segments long-suboval to elongate, the more proximal ones with long
coarse verticils. Head buffy brown, sparsely pruinose.

Pronotum and pretergites light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum obscure
yellowish grey, with three more brownish grey stripes that are vaguely outlined
by reddish brown, the median one split by a capillary darker vitta, pseudo-
sutural foveae pale; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly light brown, vaguely
patterned with darker brown on the scutal lobes. Pleura and pleurotergite pale
brown, more yellowed ventrally. Halteres with stem pale, the apex of knob
weakly darkened, in female the entire haltere darkened. Legs with the coxae and
trochanters yellow; remainder of legs obscure yellowish brown, the outer tarsal
segments, brownish black. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, the costal part
more yellowed, outer radial field more infuscated; a restricted brown pattern,
including small spots at origin of Rs, Scy, tips of Sc,, Ry,. and R,, and as narrow
seams over cord and outer end of cell rst M,; veins pale brown, darker in the
patterned areas. Abundant coarse trichia in virtually all cells of wing, sparse or
lacking near the veins. Venation: Sc, ending beyond R,, Sc, about opposite or
before midlength of Rs; Ry,5,4 a little longer than R,,,; cell rst M, closed, m
shorter than the arcuated basal section of M,; m-cu before fork of M; vein
2nd A long, strongly sinuous on outer half.

Abdominal tergites pale brown to yellowish brown; hypopygium yellow.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 167) with the basistyle, b, long, at apex extended into
a small lobe. Two nearly terminal dististyles, d, the outer one bifid, consisting
of two blackened opposable curved blades, the outer stout, the lower more slender
on its outer part, with a setiferous cushion at base; inner style an arcuate pale
structure, with abundant setae, the apex blunt. Phallosome, f, lying in a
subcircular depression, including the massive aedeagus, subtended on either
side by a pair of divergent black arms, terminating in an acute spine, with a
smaller lateral spine and microscopic denticles. Gonapophyses appearing as an
outer pale curved rod, with microscopic acute spinulae, and an inner pale
blade; aedeagus with conspicuous blackened bispinous arms.

352 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotypfe, 9.

Because of its hairy wings, Edwards had tentatively assigned this fly to
Ormosia (Trichotrimicra) but from the structure of the male hypopygium it
is obvious that the species is close to Evioptera subirrorata Alexander (Kenya;
Southern Rhodesia; Transvaal), which has the wings glabrous, the outer veins
irrorate with pale brown dots, and the structure of the male hypopygium
distinct. The hypopygium of this species has not been described and is discussed
herewith for comparison with the present fly.

Male hypopygium of subirrorata (Fig. 168) with the dististyles, d, much as
in setipennis. Phallosome, p, with the aedeagus much more slender, the genital
duct single ; lateral arms appearing as long straight darkened rods with abundant
appressed spines on nearly the outer half; at base of rod on outer margin with
a smaller strongly curved black smooth spine. Gonapophysis including an
elongate outer pale blade on either side, narrowed beyond base, thence expanded
and finally again narrowed to the subacute tip, the surface entirely smooth,
near base with a small erect blade directed caudad.

Erioptera (Erioptera) biobtusa sp. n. (Fig. 172)

General coloration of thorax dark brown, sparsely pruinose; knob of haltere
dark brown; legs yellow, the outer tarsal segments brown; wings weakly tinged
with brownish yellow, unpatterned; vein 2nd A very strongly sinuous on outer
half; male hypopygium with both dististyles obtuse at tips; phallosome pale,
the gonapophyses appearing as flattened plates that terminate in short acute
points; arms of aedeagus appearing as narrow divergent blades.

Male.—Length about 4-5 mm.; wing 5-6 mm.

Female.—Length about 5-6 mm.; wing 6-7 mm.

Rostrum chestnut; palpi brownish black. Antennae dark brown, the first
flagellar segment paler basally; flagellar segments long-oval. Head brownish
grey, the orbits and genae clearer grey.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotum chiefly dark brown, sparsely pruinose, the
praescutum with narrow scarcely evident dark lines that represent the inter-
spaces, these with a row of very long erect setae; humeral and lateral regions of
praescutum vaguely brightened. Pleura nearly as dark as the notum. Halteres
with stem obscure yellow, kncb dark brown. Legs with fore coxae brown,
remaining coxae and all trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs yellow,
the outer tarsal segments brown. Wings weakly tinged with brownish yellow,
the costal border more so, quite unpatterned; veins pale brown, more brownish
yellow in costal region. Venation: Vein 2nd A very strongly sinuous on outer
half, ending about opposite m-cu.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites and hypopygium more yellowed.

TIPULIDAE 353

Male hypopygium (Fig. 172) with both dististyles, d, terminal, obtuse at tips,
the outer style with its head of moderate size, with rows of small teeth or
points; inner style entirely glabrous, the expanded head almost orbicular.
Phallosome, p, pale; gonapophyses appearing as flattened plates that terminate
in short acute points; arms of aedeagus appear as narrow divergent blades, the
tips acute.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGanpa, 8300 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotypes, 9. Paratopotypes,
3 3 2. Five further specimens in series.

The most similar species 1s Evioptera (Enioptera) kavisimbi Alexander, which
is separated by the characters given in the key.

Erioptera (Erioptera) carissima Alexander (Plate XXVIII, fig. 218)
Eviopteva (Eviopteva) cavissima Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 6: 27-28; 1920.

UcanvDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Not seen by me, determined by Edwards upon comparison
with the type.

Erioptera (Erioptera) cristata sp. n. (Fig. 173)

, General coloration reddish brown, sides of praescutum more yellowed ; knobs
of halteres blackened; femora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly dark brown;
wings whitish subhyaline, stigma brown, confluent with a broad complete seam
along cord, with a narrower border on outer end of vein R;; male hypopygium
with posterior margin of tergite notched; outer dististyle a simple club, inner
style produced into a high glabrous beak, its apex cultrate, on outer surface of
style with a stout pale lobe, the tip acute; phallosome consisting of four simple
horns that terminate in acute points.

Male.—Length about 5:5-6-:2 mm.; wing 6-7 mm.

Female.—Length about 6-5-6-8 mm.; wing 7°5—7°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae with the scape and pedicel
pale yellow, flagellum light brown; flagellar segments subfusiform, about equal
to their verticils; basal two flagellar segments partially fused. Head with orbits
broadly whitened, the central part of vertex and occiput brownish grey; eyes
of male very large, holoptic beneath.

Pronotum whitened. Mesonotum chiefly reddish brown, paling to yellow
on sides of praescutum ; setae long and conspicuous, especially the more posterior
ones; postnotum more testaceous brown, more or less pruinose. Pleura brown,
propleura yellowed. Halteres with stem yellow, knob black. Legs with the
coxae and trochanters yellow, the fore coxae darker; femora obscure yellow,
the tips narrowly dark brown; tibiae and basitarsi yellow, the outer tarsal

354 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

segments more darkened. Wings whitish subhyaline, the prearcular and costal
fields more yellowed; stigma brown, confluent with a broad entire seam along
cord, the latter reaching the margin along vein Cu,, extended basad along this
vein as a narrower seam; a still narrower dark seam along distal section of vein
R,; veins brownish yellow, brown in the darkened portions. Venation: Vein
2nd A very strongly sinuous.

Abdomen yellowish brown, the posterior borders of the segments vaguely
darker. Male hypopygium (Fig. 173) with the tergite transverse, the posterior
border with a small notch, lateral lobes broad, with scattered pale setae and
abundant setulae. Outer dististyle a simple club, its apex darkened by rows of
abundant blackened scalelike setae. Inner dististyle, d, produced into a high
glabrous beak, its apex cultrate; on outer part of style with a stout pale lobe
that narrows to the subacute tip, the surface with scattered pale setae. Phallo-
some consisting of two pairs of horns, all simple and terminating in acute
darkened points.

Holotype, 3, Mount Elgon, Elgon sawmill, Camp II, KENy«a, 2470 metres,
December 1932 (Mission de l’Omo, Paris Museum) ;C. Arambourg, P. A. Chappuis
and R. Jeannel, 1932-1933. Allotype, 9, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare
Range, Kenya, 8000 ft., October 1934 (Edwards). Paratypes, 1 2, with the
allotype; 1 g, Mount Elgon, heath zone, 10,500-11,500 ft., February 1935
(Edwards). '

Most similar to Evrioptera (Evrioptera) angusticincta Alexander, differing as
indicated in the key.

Erioptera (Erioptera) karisimbii Alexander

Eviopteva (Evioptera) kavisimbit Alexander; Explor. Parc National Albert, Mission de
Witte (1933-1935), Tipulidae (in press).

UcanpDA: Kampala, December 12, 1934 (Edwards). Kilembe, Ruwenzori
Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). The type was from
Volcano Karisimbi, Ruanda.

The single specimen from Kampala differs from the others in the slightly
patterned abdominal tergites, which are dark brown with obscure yellow spots
on either side of midline to produce a trivittate appearance. There is no
significant difference in the hypopygium of this specimen.

Erioptera (Erioptera) peringueyi Bergroth (Plate XXVIII, fig. 219)
Eviopteva Peringueyi Bergroth; Entomol. Tidskr., g: 129; 1888.

UcGanbDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Determined by Edwards, not seen by writer.

TIPULIDAE 355

Molophilus Curtis

Molophilus Curtis; Brit. Ent., p. 444; 1833.

The vast genus Molophilus occurs in all biotic regions, including Madagascar

and New Zealand, with a marked preponderance of species and species groups
in the Southern Hemisphere, apparently indicating a southern origin for the
genus. In Africa, including Madagascar, the relatively few species are singularly
monotonous and difficult of separation, even with the male sex available, and
evidently are closely interrelated.

10.

KrEy To MOLOPHILUS
(Based primarily on male characters)

Wings very reduced in both sexes, approximately one-half as long as body.

(Kenya: Aberdares) : , : . : ; -nannopterus, sp. n.
Fully winged in both sexes : : : 2
Legs dark brown, with broad white ‘rings. on tibiae and basitarsi. (Kenya:
Aberdares) . 3 ‘ ‘i - : ; variitibia, sp. n.
Legs uniform in colour . . : . : : ‘ : : : 3
Antennae of male elongate; male hypopygium with the longest dististyle
enlarged at apex into a complex two-edged head. (Cameroons)
camerounensis Alexander
Antennae short in both sexes. 4
Male hypopygium with two fully- developed dististyles of Bppromimarely. equal
length; outer dististyle greatly dilated at base (vigzlans and allies) 5 5
Male hypopygium with a single fully-developed dististyle, the second style
being greatly reduced, not or scarcely one-half the length of the other;
outer dististyle not greatly dilated at base (compare Jatibasis) : 6
Male hypopygium with the ventral lobe of basistyle small; inner dististyle
slender, the chief denticles close to apex. (Kenya: Aberdares) dilatibasis, sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the ventral lobe of basistyle large; inner dististyle stout,
with numerous denticles on outer half. (Ruanda; Uganda) . vigilans Alexander
Male hypopygium with the aedeagus long and slender, conspicuously expanded
at base. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) F : idiophallus, sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the aedeagus shorter, not conspicuously expanded at
base : 7)
Male hypopygium matt the fenenles very short ‘and broad ‘at base (compare
also gvavis). (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . é latibasis, sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the base of the dististyle long and narrow, fully equal
to the outer part (except in gvavis) . 8
Male hypopygium with the dististyle stout, dilated shortly before midlength,
the outer third with conspicuous denticles. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) gravis, sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the base of dististyle slender, if dilated, the enlargement
at or beyond midlength : 9
Male hypopygium with the second dististyle relatively large; produced out-
wardly into a slender point. (Belgian Congo) . ¢ plebejus Alexander
Male hypopygium with the second dististyle, when present, very reduced in size 10
Male hypopygium with the second dististyle apparently lacking; basistyle with

the apex of the mesal lobe narrow, produced into a sclerotised blade.

(Uganda: Ruwenzorl) : : angustilamina, sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the second Gisnstale ty reduced but evident; basistyle

with apex of mesal lobe stout. (Uganda) . : : veductissimus, Sp. N.

356 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Molophilus (Molophilus) angustilamina sp. n. (Fig. 174)

Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; allied to reductissimus ; general
coloration of mesonotal praescutum reddish brown, the posterior sclerites
darker brown; antennae with scape, pedicel and proximal flagellar segments
yellow, the outer ones darker; legs pale brown, the outer tarsal segments
darker; male hypopygium with apex of basistyle trilobed, the ventral and
mesal lobes chiefly fused, the latter produced into a narrow sclerotised
blade; apparently a single dististyle, usually long and slender, sinuous,
narrowed very gradually to the acute tip, the outer half with a row of small
spinulae.

Male.—Length about 3-7-4 mm.; wing 4°5-5 mm.; antenna about 0-9-
I mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with scape, pedicel and basal
flagellar segments light yellow, the succeeding segments a trifle darker, the
outermost pale brown; verticils long. Head brownish yellow in front, darker
behind.

Pronotum brown, pretergites whitened. Mesonotal praescutum reddish
brown, narrowly darker medially; scutal lobes dark brown, the central area
paler; scutellum and postnotum dark brown. Pleura and pleurotergite dark
brown, with a paler ventral longitudinal stripe, including the fore coxae and
dorsal sternopleurite. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the coxae yellowish
testaceous ; trochanters yellow; femora and tibia yellowish brown to pale brown,
outer tarsal segments darkened. Wings with a weak brownish tinge, the pre-
arcular and costal fields slightly more yellowed, stigma vaguely darkened;
veins pale brown, trichia a trifle darker. Venation: R, lying slightly beyond
level of 7-m; petiole of cell M, about one-third to one-half longer than m-cu;
vein 2nd A moderately sinuous, ending about opposite m-cu.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig 174)
with the basistyle, b, trilobed, the dorsal lobe relatively short, obtuse at tip,
ventral and mesal lobes chiefly fused, separated outwardly by a narrow notch,
the mesal lobe projecting as a narrow glabrous sclerotised blade, the tip
narrowly obtuse; ventral lobe much broader, obtuse. Dististyle, d, unusually
long and slender, sinuous, narrowed very gradually to the acute tip, on about
the outer half with a series of small spinulae arranged in a definite row or crest,
more diffuse on outer fourth; second style very reduced or lacking, not apparent
in the type slide. Phallosomic plate, p, setuliferous, obtuse at apex.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGanpa, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotype, 3

Generally similar to Molophilus (Molophilus) reductissimus, sp. n., and some
other regional forms, most readily distinguished by the structure of the male
hypopygium, particularly the basistyle and dististyle.

TIPULIDAE B57

Molophilus (Molophilus) dilatibasis sp. n. (Fig. 175)

Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; allied to vigilans; general
coloration of thorax dark brownish grey to black, the posterior border of
scutellum more reddened; antennae dark brown; halteres pale yellow; legs
brown, the femora darker, with yellowed bases; male hypopygium with the
dorsal lobe of basistyle unusually slender; dististyles subequal, the outer one
with a dilated basal flange, inner style slender.

Male.—Length about 4:5 mm.; wing 5 mm.; antenna about 1-2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown throughout,
moderately long, if bent backward extending about to the wing root; flagellar
segments long-oval, the verticils conspicuous. Head dark grey.

Pronotum brownish yellow, darker on sides; pretergites light yellow.
Mesonotal praescutum and scutum dark brownish grey, the humeral region of
the former slightly brightened; pseudosutural foveae brownish black; posterior
sclerites of notum blackened, the posterior border of scutellum vaguely reddened.
Pleura blackened. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters
light brown; femora dark brown, the bases broadly brownish yellow; tibiae and
tarsi light brown. Wings faintly tinged with dusky, with vague indications of
a still darker cloud on anterior cord; veins and trichia darker. Venation: R,
just beyond level of 7-m; petiole of cell M, relatively long, approximately three
times m-cu; vein 2nd A sinuous, ending approximately opposite m-cu.

Abdomen, including the hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig.
175) with the dorsal lobe of basistyle, 6, unusually slender, terminating in a
stout point, the setae sparse but very long; mesal and ventral lobes both small,
with conspicuous setae. Dististyles, d, much as in vigzlans, the outer style with
a dilated basal flange, as in that species; inner style much more slender, with the
chief denticles close to apex. Phallosomic plate relatively narrow, the surface
apparently glabrous.

Holotype, 35, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENyA, 8000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards).

Closely related to Molophilus (Molophilus) vigilans Alexander, differing most
evidently in the structure of the male hypopygium, especially the basistyle
and inner dististyle.

Molophilus (Molophilus) gravis sp. n. (Fig. 176)

Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; size large (wing 6 mm. or more) ;
general coloration dark brownish grey; antennae dark brown throughout; male
hypopygium with the basistyle trilobed at apex, the mesal lobe unusually
narrow; a single developed dististyle, its base short and stout, dilated shortly
before midlength, the outer third with conspicuous spinules ; aedeagus relatively
short.

358 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Male.—Length about 4-5-5 mm. ; wing 6-6-7 mm. ; antenna about I-I-I mm.

Female.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 6-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae dark brown; flagellar segments
oval to long-oval. Head brownish grey.

Pronotal scutum dark brown, scutellum and anterior pretergites obscure
yellow. Mesonotum dark brownish grey, the humeri scarcely brightened;
pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate pits black. Pleura brownish grey. Halteres
pale yellow. Legs with the coxae light brown; trochanters yellow; remainder of
legs brown, the tips of the femora and tibiae, with the outer tarsal segments,
darker. Wings weakly tinged with brown; veins and trichia darker. Venation:
R, lying beyond level of 7-m; petiole of cell M, about twice m-cu; vein 2nd A
long, extending to shortly beyond the level of m-cu.

Abdomen of male dark brown, of female more variegated with reddish areas.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 176) with the apex of the basistyle, b, trilobed, the dorsal
lobe narrow, obtuse at tip, with setae and setulae over the entire length; mesal
lobe unusually narrow, as shown; ventral lobe very extensive, with numerous
setulae and scattered elongate setae. A single evident dististyle, d, its base short
and stout, dilated shortly before midlength, thence narrowed gradually to the
acute tip, the outer third with unusually conspicuous spinules; inner or concave
margin beyond the dilation with a glabrous flange. Phallosomic plate narrow,
with abundant erect setulae. Aedeagus relatively stout.

The four specimens listed below as a variety of this species agree with the
typical form in the conformation of the lobes of the basistyle of the hypopygium
but differ in the structure of the dististyle. This is more slender, especially on
basal half, the outer part more curved, without a conspicuous dilation.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 10,200 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9. Paratopotype, 1 3;
4 3 9 of gravis, variety, 10,200-13,000 ft. (Edwards). One specimen each of Nos.
241 and 242 in series.

The distinctions between this fly and related forms is shown in the key.

Molophilus (Molophilus) idiophallus sp. n. (Fig. 177)

Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; general coloration dark brown,
the pleura with a pale longitudinal stripe; antennae yellow basally, flagellum
pale brown; legs light brown; male hypopygium with the mesal lobe of basistyle
extensive; two very unequal dististyles, the longer one with its basal half long
and straight ; aedeagus very long and slender, conspicuously expanded near base.

Male.—Length about 4 mm.; wing 5 mm.; antenna about 0-9 mm.

Rostrum and paipi black. Antennae short; scape and pedicel pale yellow,
flagellum pale brown; flagellar segments suboval, with elongate verticils. Head
dark brown.

TIPULIDAE 359

Pronotum brown, scutellum and pretergites whitened. Mesonotum medium
brown, the humeral region of praescutum obscure yellow. Pleura dark brown,
with a paler longitudinal stripe, including the fore coxae and dorsal sterno-
pleurite. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters testaceous
yellow ; remainder of legs light brown, the outer tarsal segments a little darker.
Wings tinged with pale brown, stigmal region a trifle darker; veins pale brown,
trichia darker. Venation: Ft, lying beyond level of r-m; petiole of cell M, about
twice m-cu; vein 2nd A relatively long, ending shortly beyond m-cu.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 177)
with the apex of the basistyle, b, trilobed, the dorsal lobe unusually flattened,
bladelike, with major setae almost to the obtuse tip, some of the setae very long;
mesal lobe extensive, produced into a flattened blade; ventral lobe extensive.
Two very unequal dististyles, d, the longest with the basal half long and straight,
gently curved at midlength, microscopically spiculose ; second style small, long
triangular in outline. Phallosomic plate narrow, setulose. Aedeagus very long,
near base of the exposed part conspicuously expanded, thence long and very
slender to the acute tip.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Included under the same number as Molophilus
(Molophilus) angustilamina, sp. n.

The most similar regional species is Molophilus (Molophilus) reductissimus,
sp. n., which may be separated by the characters given in the key.

Molophilus (Molophilus) latibasis sp. n. (Fig. 178)

Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; general coloration dark brown,
the humeral region of praescutum extensively yellowed; basal antennal segments
yellow, flagellum slightly darker; legs light brown; male hypopygium with the
dististyle very broad at base, strongly bent at near midlength.

Male.—Length about 4-3 mm.; wing 5 mm.; antenna about 1-2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow,
flagellum slightly darker; flagellar segments elongate-oval to subcylindrical,
with long verticils. Head dark brownish grey.

Pronotum brown, scutellum and pretergites whitened. Mesonotum dark
brown, the humeral region of praescutum extensively obscure yellow; pseudo-
sutural foveae brownish black. Pleura dark brown. Halteres yellow. Legs with
the coxae and trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs light brown, the
outer tarsal segments darker. Wings subhyaline; veins pale brown, trichia
darker. Venation: R, lying a little beyond the level of v-m; petiole of cell M,
about twice m-cu; vein 2nd A moderately long, ending about opposite m-cu.

Abdomen, including the hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig.
178) with the dorsal lobe of basistyle, }, moderately long, obtuse at apex ; mesal

360 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

and ventral lobes separated by an incision, the ventral one extensive, with rows
of microscopic setulae, additional to scattered setae. Apparently with only a
single developed dististyle, d, its base short and unusually broad, apex slender,
bent at an unusually strong angle, the outer part with microscopic spinules; at
base of style with a conspicuous dilation, on margin with a group of spinulose
points. Phallosomic plate narrowly obtuse at apex, the surface microscopically
setulose.

Holotype, 3, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 8000-9000 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton).

Most nearly like Molophilus (Molophilus) angustilamina, sp. n., and M.
(M.) reductissimus, sp. n., differimg in the details of structure of the male

hypopygium.

Molophilus (Molophilus) nannopterus, sp. n. (Fig. 179)

Belongs to the gracilus group and subgroup, allied to vigzlans and dilatibasis ;
general coloration dark brown, the dorsopleural region light yellow; rostrum and
antennae brown; halteres yellow ; wings reduced in both sexes, in male only about
one-half the length of body; male hypopygium with the basistyle at apex
indistinctly four lobed, the mesal lobe being bilobulate.

Male.—Length about 3-5 mm. ; wing I-g—2°0 mm. ; antenna about I-I-1-2 mm.

Female.—Length about 4:5 mm.; wing 2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae brown, of moderate length, if bent
backward extending about to the wing root ; flagellar segments oval. Head dark
grey.

Pronotal scutum obscure yellow, darker laterally; scutellum and pretergites
light yellow. Mesonotum dark brown, the humeral region of praescutum
narrowly obscure yellow; scutellum short, more reddish brown. Pleura dark
brown; dorsopleural membrane light yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs with the
coxae pale brown, the fore pair a trifle darker; trochanters testaceous yellow;
remainder of legs yellowish brown to light brown, the tips of femora and tibiae
vaguely darker; tarsi dark brown. Wings reduced in size in both sexes, extend-
ing to about two-thirds the length of abdomen, tinged with brown; veins and
macrotrichia darker, the former coarse, restricting the area of the cells. Venation
scarcely distorted; Ft, lying beyond the level of v-m; petiole of cell M, nearly
three times m-cu; vein 2nd A long, ending before level of m-cu.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 179)
with the apex of basistyle, b, indistinctly four lobed, dorsal lobe very long and
slender, extending about to three-fourths the length of the dististyles, the setae
of moderate length; two mesal lobes, the more dorsal one nearly glabrous, the
lower lobe with numerous long setae; ventral lobe much larger than the last,
narrowed to the subobtuse apex. Two long slender dististyles, as in wigzlans and

TIPULIDAE 361

Fies. 174-182.—Molophilus spp., male hypopygia. (174) M. angustilamina; (175) M. dilati-

basis; (176) M. gravis; (177) M. idiophallus; (178) M. latibasis; (179) M. nannopterus; (180)

M. veductissimus; (181) M. variitibia; (182) M. vigilans. b, basistyle; d, dististyle; p,
phallosome.

allies, the outer one with a conspicuous basal flange. Aedeagus long and
slender.

Holotype, 3, Nyeri Track, Aberdare Range, KENyA, 10,500-11,000 ft.,
October 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 9. Paratopotypes, 1 3, 1 Q; one further

362 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

specimen in series. Edwards notes that the specimens were found among dead
leaves at base of Senecio brassicae formis.

The most similar species include Molophilus (Molophilus) vigilans Alexander
and M. (M.) dilatibasis, sp. n., both of which are full-winged and have the hypo-
pygial details slightly different.

Molophilus (Molophilus) reductissimus sp. n. (Fig. 180)

Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; general coloration of mesonotal
praescutum and scutum brown, the posterior sclerites and the pleura yellowed,
the latter with a broad brown dorsal area; halteres pale yellow; legs light brown;
wings subhyaline, the veins slightly darker; vein 2nd A relatively short, ending
some distance before m-cu; abdomen dark brown; male hypopygium with basi-
style bilobed, the lobes obtuse; dististyles two, very unequal in size; phallosome
unusually narrow, its tip obtuse.

Male.—Length about 4 mm.; wing 4-5 mm.; antenna about 0-8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae short, dark brown to brownish
black; flagellar segments oval, with long verticils. Head brown.

Pronotum brown, the scutellum and pretergites almost white. Mesonotal
praescutum and scutum brown, the humeral area of the former restrictedly more
brightened ; two rows of long black setae on the interspaces; scutellum and post-
notum paler, only the posterior half of mediotergite again darkened. Pleura
yellow, with a broad brown stripe from the propleura to before the wing root, the
mesepimeron, ventral sternopleurite and meron much paler brown. Halteres
pale yellow. Legs with all coxae and trochanters yellow; remainder of legs light
brown, tarsal segments blackened. Wings subhyaline, the veins and trichia
slightly darker. Venation: A, lying shortly distad of 7-m; petiole of cell M,
about one-half longer than m-cu; vein 2nd A relatively short, nearly straight,
ending some distance before m-cu.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 180) generally as in varitibia
in the unusual reduction in size of one of the dististyles, differing in the conforma-
tion of the lobes of the basistyle and in the details of the dististyles. Dorsal lobe
of basistyle, 6, relatively small; mesal lobe large and expanded, ventral lobe
apparently lacking or else part of the mesal one and separated therefrom by a
splithke incision; mesal lobe with abundant microscopic setulae arranged in
parallel rows, produced into a flattened blade. Longest dististyle, d, stout on
more than the proximal half, thence narrowed and more curved to the acute tip;
smaller style very reduced, more or less foot-shaped in outline. Phallosomic
plate unusually narrow, the tip obtuse, surface setuliferous. Ninth tergite well
developed, subquadrate in outline, the outer angles rounded.

Holotype, 3, Kampala, UGANDA, December 12, 1934 (Edwards).

The present fly is most similar to Molophilus (Molophilus) plebejus Alexander

TIPULIDAE 363

and M. (M.) variitibia, sp. n., in the dissimilar dististyles of the male hypo-
pygium, differing in the details of structure of this organ.

Molophilus (Molophilus) variitibia sp. n. (Fig. 181)

Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; allied to plebejus; general
coloration of body brownish grey; halteres pale yellow; legs variegated dark
brown and white, the latter including broad rings on the tibiae and basitarsi;
wings with a weak brownish tinge ; male hypopygium with the basistyle termina-
ting in three lobes; two very unequal dististyles, the smaller one narrowed out-
wardly, scabrous.

Male.—Length about 4-:2-4-5 mm.; wing 5-5°5 mm.; antenna about 1-3-
I-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with proximal segments pale, outer
ones dark brown; flagellar segments long oval, with very long verticils. Head
dark brownish grey.

Pronotum light brown, darker on sides; pretergites yellow. Mesonotum
chiefly brownish grey, including three confluent stripes on praescutum; pseudo-
sutural foveae and tuberculate pits brownish black, the latter lying before the
level of the latter. Pleura and pleurotergite dark brown. Halteres pale yellow.
Legs with all coxae and trochanters obscure yellow; femora dark brown, the
bases paler, more extensive on posterior pair; tibiae dark brown with a broad
white ring immediately beyond the base, occupying approximately one-third the
segment ; tarsi brownish black, with more than the proximal half of the basitarsi
white. Wings with a weak brown tinge, the base narrowly more yellowed; veins
and trichia brown. Venation: I, lying beyond level of v-m; cell M; deep to very
deep, its petiole varying from being only a little longer than m-cu to nearly three
times this length; vein 2nd A long and sinuous, ending beyond level of m-cu.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 181)
much as in plebejus, differing only in details of structure. Basistyle, b, with three
apical lobes, the ventral one longest, dorsal smallest; mesal lobe broad-based,
narrowed to a flattened obtuse outer blade. Longest dististyle, d, a sinuous
flattened pale glabrous blade, the tip subacute, on lower or inner margin beyond
midlength slightly more expanded; second style small, very broad-based, the
outer end narrowed, surface microscopically roughened or scabrous. Phal-
losomic plate oval, slightly pointed at apex, the surface microscopically setulose.
Aedeagus long and conspicuous, exceeding either dististyle in length, the tip
pointed.

Holotype, 3, Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, KENyA, 8000 ft., October
1934 (Edwards). Paratopotype, ¢.

Closest to Molophilus (Molophilus) plebeyus Alexander, differing most
evidently in the handsomely patterned legs.

364 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Molophilus (Molophilus) vigilans Alexander (Fig. 182)

Molophilus (Molophilus) vigilans Alexander; Explor. Parc National Albert, Mission de
Witte (1933-1935), Tipulidae (in press).

Ucanpba: Mount Mgahinga, 10,000-11,000 ft., November 1934 (Edwards).
The holotype was from the Volcano Bishoke, Ruanda, 2400 metres, taken by de
Witte.

The species is most nearly related to Molophilus (Molophilus) dilatibasis,
sp. n., differing in the structure of the male hypopygium (shown in Fig. 182).

Toxorhina Loew (Plate XXVIII, figs. 220-221)

Toxorhina Loew; Linnaea Entomologica, 5: 400; 1851.

A very distinct and isolated group, well distributed throughout the world,
with several species occuring in Africa and Madagascar. These fall in two sub-
generic groups, Ceratocheilus, having the anterior branch of Rs preserved, and the
typical subgenus with a single branch of the sector reaching the wing margin. A
further noteworthy character that assuredly indicates a very isolated group of
flies is the profoundly bifid nature of the setae on the legs of all species.

KEy TO TOXORHINA

1. Two branches of Radius reach the wing i Fs appearing to be unbranched.

(Subgenus Toxorhina Loew) . 2

Three branches of Radius reach the’ ane margin, Rs being ee branched.
(Subgenus Cervatocheilus Wesche) : ; c : 6
2. Size large (wing approximately 6 mm.). (Uzanda- Ruwenzor ; grossa, sp. Nn.
Size smaller (wing less than 5 mm.) . 3

3. Halteres white; (male hypopygium with fhe dististyle single, massive; arms of
aedeagus long and slender). (Cameroons) . : ; cisatlantica Speiser
Halteres with at least the knob darkened. 4

4. Male hypopygium with two dististyles or appendages of a single style; aedeagus
with the arms long, filiform. (French Equatorial Africa) taeniomera Alexander
Male hypopygium with a single dististyle; arms of aedeagus relatively short . 5
5. Male hypopygium with the dististyle powerfully constructed, strongly curved;
mesal lobe of basistyle small; gonapophysis slender. (Gold Coast;
Ashanti; Uganda) . grahami (Wesché)
Male hypopygium with the eceele long and slender, its fae extended into
a straight spine; mesal lobe of basistyle large; gonapophysis a broader

blade. (Uganda; Southern ee) : ; . cuthbertsoni Alexander

6. Wings quite unpatterned . : ai
Wings spotted or clouded with ees very faintly so in teey Bhelioy um rere the

markings are virtually restricted to the veins along the cord : : 8

7. General coloration brownish ochreous, the thorax without distinct pattern;
legs brown; wings subhyaline, with light brown veins; Sc, longer than
Rs, the latter shorter than its anterior branch; male hypopygium with
the outer dististyle a broad blade; gonapophysis broad; arms of
aedeagus long. (West Africa) ; gilesi (Edwards)
General coloration grey, the praescutum itn thine dark brown stripes; legs
dark brown; wings with dark brown veins; Sc, short, less than Rs, the
latter subequal in length to its anterior branch; male hypopygium with

10.

Dds

IZ.

LS.

14.

TIPULIDAE 365

the outer dististyle slender, fingerlike; gonapophysis very narrow; arms
of aedeagus short. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . : ‘ pollex, sp. n.
Anterior branch of Rs very short, straight and erect, cell R, being almost
triangular in outline; a series of four equidistant brown spots in cell M;
rostrum light yellow; wing, Fig. 220. (Ivory Coast; Cameroons)
flavivostris (Alexander)
Anterior branch of Rs longer, more oblique or longitudinal, cell R, not
triangular in outline; no series of brown spots in cell MW; rostrum dark 9
Anterior branch of fs unusually long, subequal to the combined Fs and basal
section of R;; wing pattern very heavy, dark brown, including a large
U-shaped area at tips of Sc and F,,,, thence extended caudad to vein 7
or virtually so; a heavy dark mark at arculus reaches costa. (Southern
Nigeria; Cameroons) 2 : . edwardsi (Alexander)
Anterior branch of fs shorter, a little less than Rs and basal section of R,
combined; wing pattern less distinct, the dark area at tip of Sc noe
extended caudad to vein W; darkened arcular area, when present, small

and not reaching costa. : ‘ : g : ; ; : 10
No brown spot at Sc, : : : : : : : : : : II
A brown spot at Sc, : 13
Darkened wing pattern more extensive and conspicuous, involving the mem-

brane. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . : brachymera, sp. n.
Darkened wing pattern restricted to the veins or virtually so, very inconspicuous 12

Size small (male, length 5 mm.; wing 4 mm.; rostrum 4 mm.). (Seychelles)
See. seychellarum (Edwards)
Size larger (male, length 5-5 mm.; wing 5:9 mm.; rostrum 3°5 mm.). (Belgian
Congo) . 2 seychellarum subimmaculata Alexander
Wing pattern paler, ‘the apex not lighter than the remainder of ground; no
conspicuous darkened areas at arculus or tip of anterior branch of Fs;
male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a slender curved spine,

scimitar-shaped. (Uganda) ; : scimitar, sp. 0.
Wing pattern heavy, including spots at atculus and tip of anterior branch of
Rs; wing tip narrowly pale : 3 14

At least three dark brown areas reach the costa, ‘these placed at tips of veins
Sc, Ry,. and R;; in more heavily patterned specimens with further dark
spots at arculus and Sc,; wing membrane generally clear except in the
patterned areas; rostrum longer (in male about 5 mm.); wing, Fig. 221.
(Liberia to Belgian Congo) nigripleura Alexander (longirostris Wesché,
preocc.)
A single dark costal mark, placed at tip of vein R,,,, the other anterior
darkenings not reaching the margin; wing surface, especially of the Anal
field, clouded with dusky; rostrum shorter (in male about 3 mm.).
(Southern Nigeria to Belgian Congo) cornigera (Speiser) (winn-sampsont
Wescheé)

Toxorhina (Toxorhina) cuthbertsoni Alexander

Toxorhina (Toxorhina) cuthbertsoni Alexander ; Occas. Pap. Nat. Mus. Southern Rhodesia,
No. 6: 9-10, Fig. 7; 1937.

UcanpDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January

1935 (Edwards). Three additional specimens in series.

The identification of Toxorhina (Toxorhina) grahami (Wesché), as given in

the preceding key, is based on material identified by Edwards, possibly homo-
typical. The specimen is from Dwoli, Uganda, taken April 21, 1927, by H.
Hargreaves.

366 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Toxorhina (Toxorhina) grossa sp. n.

Size large (wing of female 6-7 mm.); general coloration of thorax grey, the
praescutum with three confluent brown stripes; anterior vertex broad, without a
corniculus; halteres with stem whitened, knob infuscated; wings subhyaline,
veins dark brown; m-cu just before fork of M.

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 7-8-5 mm.; wing 6-7 mm.;
rostrum about 5—5°5 mm.

Rostrum elongate, black throughout. Antennae black; basal flagellar
segments very short and crowded. Head infuscated on posterior vertex and
occiput, clearer grey on front and orbits; anterior vertex broad, exceeding one-
third the width of head, without evident corniculus.

Cervical sclerites and pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum grey,
with three confluent brown stripes on disk, the lateral borders paler; scutam
chiefly dark brown; posterior sclerites of notum lighter grey, the lateral portions
more reddened. Pleura brownish grey; ventral sternopleurite darker. Halteres
with stem whitened, knob infuscated. Legs with coxae brownish grey; tro-
chanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs dark brown to brownish black.
Wings subhyaline, the prearcular field more yellowed; veins dark brown, con-
spicuous. Venation: Sc, ending just beyond origin of Rs, Sc, just before this
origin; &s longer than cell rst M,; m-cu just before fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, slightly pruinose; genital shield darkened above,
more reddened on sides; valves of ovipositor reddish horn colour; cerci long and
slender, nearly straight.

Holotype, 2, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, Ucanpa, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Paratopotype, &.

Toxorhina (Toxorhina) grossa is most readily told from the other described
Ethiopian species by the unusually large size.

Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) brachymera sp. n. (Fig. 183)

General coloration of thorax varying from reddish brown to grey, praescutum
with a darker brown central stripe; rostrum a little shorter than the remainder
of body; halteres yellow; legs obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments darker;
wings whitish subhyaline, very restrictedly patterned with brown; male hypo-
pygium with the arms of the aedeagus very short.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 6-6-2 mm.; wing 6-6-5 mm.;
rostrum about 5-5-2 mm.

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about Ts mm.; wing 7-7-5 mm.;
rostrum about 5:3-5°5 mm.

Rostrum elongate, exceeding three-fourths the length of body in male, dark
brown. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments not as crowded as in
some allied species. Head grey; anterior vertex narrow; corniculus conspicuous,
entire, about one-third as wide as anterior vertex.

TIPULIDAE 367

Cervical sclerites brownish black. Mesonotal praescutum varying from dark
grey (type) to reddish brown (allotype), the latter narrowly grey on sides, with
a darker brown central stripe; posterior sclerites of notum, including the scutal
lobes, dark brown. Pleura reddish brown, more infuscated on the dorsopleural
region. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow; remainder
of legs obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments darker. Wings whitish sub-
hyaline, very restrictedly patterned with brown, including a single costal area
above Rs; cord and outer end of cell rst M, narrowly seamed with brown;
paler, very vague clouds at ends of medial, cubital and anal veins; a weak
brown seam on basal part of veins Cu and rst A; veins yellow, dark brown in
the patterned areas. Venation: Sc, relatively short, a little longer than Rs or
slightly more than one-half the anterior branch of the latter; cell rst M, subequal
to or longer than any of the veins beyond it.

Abdomen dark brown to reddish brown, hypopygium concolorous. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 183) with the ninth tergite produced caudad, the margin
convexly rounded. Basistyle, 5, relatively long, unarmed. Outer dististyle, d,
a broad-based curved horn, the tip narrow and acute; inner style larger, the
beak proportionately broad, less than three times as long as the width at base
of the lateral horn. Gonapophysis appearing as a flattened blade. Arms of
aedeagus very short.

Holotype, 3, Mobuku Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 7300 ft., December
1934—-January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, 3 2. Sixteen
further specimens in series. Edwards notes that this was very abundant, the
males swarming at dusk.

The distinctions from similar species are shown in the key.

Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) pollex sp. n. (Fig. 184)

General coloration of thorax brownish grey, praescutum with three brown
stripes, the central one broader ; rostrum subequal in length to wing or remainder
of body, black throughout; halteres infuscated; legs dark brown to black;
wings whitish subhyaline, unpatterned; anterior branch of Rs subequal to
basal section of R,, gently sinuous; male hypopygium with tergite truncate at
apex; dististyle large, with a low dorsal crest and with a long fingerlike lobe at
base; gonapophysis narrow; arms of aedeagus relatively short.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 4-5-5 mm.; wing 4°5-5°2 mm. ;
rostrum about 4-6—4-8 mm.

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 6 mm.; wing 6 mm.; rostrum
about 4 mm.

Rostrum long, in male subequal to wing or to remainder of body. Antennae
short, black throughout; flagellar segments very short and crowded. Head
brown above, the broad anterior vertex more silvery.

368 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

186 187:

Fics. 183-188.—Toxorhina spp., male hypopygia. (183) T. bvachymera; (184) T. pollex;
(185) T. scimitar; (186) T. cuthbertsonz; (187) T. grahami; (188) T. taeniomera. a, aedeagus;
b, basistyle; d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; ft, tergite.

Cervical region and pronotum brownish grey. Mesonotal praescutum
brownish grey, with a broad brown central stripe and narrow, less defined
lateral ones; posterior sclerites of notum dark greyish brown. Pleura dark
greyish brown. Halteres infuscated. Legs with coxae and trochanters dark
brown; remainder of legs dark brown, passing into black. Wings whitish sub-
hyaline, unpatterned; extreme base more yellowed; veins dark brown, those
at base more brightened. Venation: Sc moderately long, Sc, ending opposite
origin of Rs; both Rs and basal section of R; long, oblique; anterior branch of
Rs about as long as basal section of k;, gently sinuous; cell rs¢ M/, subequal in
length to vein M3; m-cu close to fork of M.

Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black, sparsely pruinose. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 184) with the tergite large, narrowed outwardly, the tip
truncate. Basistyle, b, stout, unmodified. Dististyle, d, a large compressed
yellow blade, with a low but conspicuous dorsal crest, the apex relatively long,
the tip subacute; at base of style on outer margin with a slender fingerlike rod,
gently curved at tip. Gonapophysis appearing as a long unusually narrow
blade, the tip obtuse. Aedeagus, a, with the arms relatively short.

Holotype, 3, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft., December

TIPULIDAE 369

1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotype, 2, Nyamgasani Valley, Ruwenzori
Range, 8000-9000 ft., December 1934—January 1935 (Buxton). Paratopotype,
6, with type. Two further males in series.

The present fly is quite distinct from the other members of the subgenus
having unpatterned wings in the venation and, especially, the structure of the
male hypopygium.

Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) scimitar sp. n. (Fig. 185)

General coloration of thorax brown, the praescutum with three more reddish
brown stripes; rostrum light brown; knobs of halteres infuscated; legs pale
brown; wings subhyaline, restrictedly patterned with darker, including an area
at Sc,; vein Sc, very long, about equal to cell rst M,; anterior branch of Rs
sinuous; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a slender curved blade;
arms of aedeagus long and slender.

Male.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 6-5 mm.; wing 6 mm.; rostrum
about 5 mm.

Female.—Length, excluding rostrum, about 6 mm.; wing 5 mm.; rostrum
about 4:5 mm.

Rostrum elongate, a little shorter than the wing, light brown. Antennae
dark brown throughout. Head in front grey, more infuscated on posterior
vertex; anterior vertex of male relatively narrow, less than the diameter of
scape; setae of posterior vertex long and conspicuous.

Cervical region and pronotum dark brown to brownish black. Mesonotal
praescutum brown, with three more reddish brown stripes, the lateral portions
more pruinose; scutum brown, scutellum light buffy; postnotum dark grey.
Pleura with a narrow brown line on the dorsopleural region, more pruinose
beneath, ventral sclerites reddish brown. Halteres with stem pale, knob
infuscated. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow; remainder of legs
brownish yellow to pale brown, the outer segments still darker. Wings sub-
hyaline, restrictedly patterned with darker, including small spots at Sco, tip
of Sc, and over Rs, and less conspicuously at cord and outer end of cell rst M,;
small marginal clouds at ends of Medial, Cubital and Anal veins; veins light
brown, more yellowed in the prearcular field. Venation: Sc, very long, about
equal to cell zst M,; anterior branch of Rs sinuous, nearly twice Rs.

Abdominal tergites uniformly dark brown, sternites more bicoloured, dark
brown, the narrow basal rings obscure yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 185)
with the tergite rounded posteriorly, with relatively few but large setae. Basi-
style, b, long, unarmed. Outer dististyle, d, a slender curved blade from a dilated
base; inner style conspicuously bifid, the main body a pale blade, with scattered
setae, on outer margin with a very large pale horn that narrows to a spinous
tip, the horn lying across the face of style. Gonapophysis, g, appearing as a

370 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

broad subhyaline blade, the tip obtuse. Aedeagus with arms long and slender,
gently divergent, the organ thus appearing lyriform.

Holotype, 3, Masaka, UGANDA, November 13, 1934 (Edwards). Allotopotype,
Q. One more specimen in series.

The most similar described regional form is Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus)
cornigera (Speiser), which differs as indicated in the key.

In order to facilitate identification of species in this genus I have provided
figures of the male hypopygium of Toxorhina (Toxorhina) cuthbertsoni Alexander
(Fig. 186), TZ. (7.) grahami (Wesché) (Fig. 187), and T. (7 .) taentomera Alexander
(Fig. 188), and illustrations of the wings of T. (Cevratocheilus) flavirostris
(Alexander) (Fig. 220) and 7. (C.) nigripleura (Alexander) (Fig. 221).

Styringomyia Loew
Styvingomyia Loew; Dipt. Beitr., 1: 6; 1845.

Styringomyia is represented by a host of species in the tropical and sub-
tropical regions of the world, with numerous forms in the present fauna, including
Madagascar. The various species are separated chiefly on characters of the
male hypopygium.

As regards the hypopygium, the tergite and sternite offer particularly strong
characters. The former is usually broader than the sternite and commonly
terminates in a simple setuliferous cushion, more rarely with the apex emarginate
or forked. The narrower sternite almost always bears a pair of terminal setae,
in some cases enlarged into spinelike bristles. The basistyle in the local species
usually terminates in an outer tubercle that bears a single strong modified
seta; in a few species (edwardsiana, xenophallus) there are two such seta-bearing
tubercles, widely separated. The dististyle here is considered as bearing all
remaining parts of the style, consisting of a slender elongate outer arm that
bears one very long subterminal bristle and is variously armed along its surface,
usually with sparse hairs, in cases (spinistylata, serristylata) with these replaced
by strong peglike spines. The intermediate and inner arms of the dististyle are
variously formed and invariably bear rows or groups of blackened spines or
peglike points. The aedeagus provides unusually strong specific characters,
becoming most complex in species such as edwardsiana and xenophallus, where
it is highiy modified, bearing a pair of strong setiferous tubercles and other
adornments. The female sex shows similar strong modifications and characters
in the short obtuse ovipositor.

KEY TO STYRINGOMYIA
(Based primarily on male characters)

1. Body, including the thorax, black with little or no pale pattern i :
Body at least in part yellow é ‘ ; : : : ‘ : : 6

N

OE

atp eS

12.

13;

TIPULIDAE 371

Posterior femora black, with an obscure yellow ring beyond mid-length. (Gold

Coast) . x : : : z : . . obscuricincta Edwards
All femora black 5 : 3
Outer arm of dististyle of male bypopyeiam th blatlened: pealike altace: : 4
Vestiture of outer arm of dististyle of male hypopygium of delicate setae only 5
Antennal flagellum dark brown to blackish; hypopygium with apex of ninth

sternite slender, only slightly notched. (Gold Coast) . ingramt Edwards

Antennal flagellum whitened, alittle more darkened outwardly; hypopygium with
the ninth sternite deeply notched at apex. (Cameroons) spinistylata Alexander
Male hypopygium (Fig. 194) with the ninth tergite narrow, especially the outer
lobe; ninth sternite very narrow, the apex entire. (Belgian Congo)
nigvisoma Alexander
Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite broad, more narrowed apically; tip of
ninth sternite deeply forked. (Uganda; Nyasaland; Natal) . lewcopeza Edwards
Wings yellow, unpatterned; male hypopygium with the basistyle bispinous, the
spines or modified setae placed at ends of widely separated elongate
tubercles; aedeagus near outer end with a pair of densely setiferous
tubercles : 7
Wings pale, with distinct brown spots or clouds, the former especially evident
at y-m and near the outer end of vein 2vd A; male hypopygium with the
basistyle bearing a single spine or spinous seta, or (sjéstedti), apparently
with this lacking; aedeagus without setiferous tubercles A 8
Male hypopygium with the outer spine of basistyle long and slender; aedeagus
terminating in a simple curved spine. (Extralimital: Cape Province)
edwardsiana Alexander
Male hypopygium with the outer spine of basistyle short and compact; aedeagus
very complex in structure, terminating in a pair of narrow pale blades
that bear a marginal series of blackened pegs. (Uganda: Ruwenzori)
xenophallus, sp. n.
Darker species, with at least the anterior half of the mesonotum blackened or

strongly infuscated. : 9
Lighter species, the anterior half of mesonotum pale, not conse euonely pickeaed II
A distinct darkened cloud over vein Cu near wing base. : 10

No evident darkened area near wing base; (male hypopygium wate sre of
ninth tergite trilobed, the central lobe larger than the lateral blackened

points). (Seychelles) A : mahensis Edwards
Head brownish black; vein 2ud A pont sharply dornmacd at its outer end.
(Extralimital: Southern Rhodesia) . : mayrshalli Edwards

Head blackish with a yellow longitudinal line; vein 2nd A curved evenly down-
ward to margin; (male hypopygium with the apex of ninth tergite
trilobed, the lateral lobes larger than the small central projection).

(Kenya) : ; lineaticeps Edwards
Male hypopygium with apex of ninth tergite Canepicdoucty trilobed : : 12
Male hypopygium at apex of ninth tergite more or less emarginate or Poe gee

into a simple cushion : 14
Terminal bristle of basistyle stout and almost " spinelike; outer wing veins

entirely dark. (Gold Coast) ; : F occidentalis Edwards
Terminal bristle of basistyle more slender, setoid; outer wing veins not heavily

darkened A 13

Male hypopygium with the intermediate lobe of inner arm of dististyle large,
triangularly dilated outwardly; incurved spines of aedeagus large and
conspicuous. (Seychelles; Madagascar; Mozambique)

annulipes (Enderlein) (howard: Alexander)
Male hypopygium with the intermediate lobe of inner arm of dististyle a slender

blade, obtuse at tip; incurved spines of aedeagus small. (Liberia)
liberiensis Alexander

372 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

14. Malehypopygium without aspine on outer lobe of basistyle.(Cameroons) sjéstedti Edwards

Spine or modified seta of outer lobe of basistyle conspicuous : : : 15
15. No darkened cloud on wing membrane surrounding rv-m : : , 16
A distinct darkened cloud or seam on y-m and adjoining membrane : : 17

16. Male hypopygium with apical lobe or cushion of tergite relatively large, oval;
terminal spine of basistyle short and stout; dististyle small and simple.
(Northern Nigeria) : impunctata Edwards
Male hypopygium with apical lobe of Teeeite ver Small and narrow; terminal
spine of basistyle elongate; dististyle large, especially the compressed-

flattened inner arm. (Cameroons) . : subimmaculata Alexander
17. Male hypopygium with the ninth sternite profoundly bilobed. (Uganda;
Tanganyika) . ; : variegata Edwards
Male hypopygium with the ninth sternite simple : : : 18
18. Anterior branch of Rs conspicuously darkened, lees at least the. pasal third 19
Anterior branch of Rs entirely pale. : : 21
19. Male hypopygium with outer arm of dististyle stout, vith a row of peglike
spines. (French Equatorial Africa) . . servistylata Alexander
Male hypopygium with outer arm of dististyle with hairlike setae only . é 20
20. Apex of ninth tergite of bypepyenis shallowly emarginate. (Gold Coast;
Cameroons) . : nigvipalpis Edwards
Apex of ninth tergite of Ry poseeion conspicuously notched or forked. (Uganda:
Ruwenzorl) . : furcata, sp. n.

21. Apex of ninth sternite Renal leek encd™ atin two rane setae; aedeagus
terminating in a depressed shield-shaped head, its basal spines retrorse.

(Uganda; Tanganyika) . : : . clandestina, sp. n.
Apex of ninth sternite not blackened; aedeagus not teenie in a depressed
shield. : 22

22. Male hypopygium with apex of ninth sternite broad, the setae widely separated 23
Male hypopygium with apex of ninth sternite narrow, the apical setae
approximated to virtually contiguous : 24
23. Abdomen of male with a continuous longitudinal median brown tergal stripe:
male hypopygium with basal tubercle of spine of basistyle shorter than
the spine itself; apex of intermediate arm of dististyle emarginate.
(Gold Coast; Nigeria; Belgian Congo; Kenya; Nyasaland; Mozambique;
Southern Rhodesia; Transvaal; Natal) : ‘ vittata Edwards
Abdomen of male without a median brown stripe; male hypopygium with basal
tubercle of spine of basistyle very long, subequal to or exceeding the
spine; apex of intermediate arm of aici not emarginate. (Uganda:

Ruwenzori) . : . longituberculata, sp. n.

24. Vein 2nd A angulated and sometiies Spurred before tip, with a conspicuous
darkening 5 ¢ é 25
Vein 2nd A curved evenly ‘to margin, its fip not or xr scarcely darkened : : 27

25. Wing spots very small but clearly defined, not involving the membrane; male
hypopygium with apical spine of basistyle stout; outer arm of dististyle

dilated on basal half. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) : 3 contorta, sp. n.
Wing spots larger, involving the adjoining membrane; male hypopygium with the
apical spine of basistyle slender; outer arm of dististyle not or scarcely

dilated on basal half : : 26
26. Male hypopygium with ninth sternite very narrow and attenuated ait outer end,
the apical setae virtually contiguous; inner arm of dististyle an elongate
pale blade, its tip obtuse; aedeagus terminating in a single powerful black

spine. (Gold Coast; Cameroons; Belgian Congo) : cvassicosta (Speiser)
Male hypopygium with ninth sternite broader, the apical setae narrowly
separated by a small triangular point; inner arm of dististyle extended
into an acutely pointed horn; aedeagus not as above, with smaller points

and knobs. (Uganda: Ruwenzori) . d : : : cornuta, sp. n.

TIPULIDAE 373

27. Male hypopygium with a strong pale tooth or spur at base of the long outer
arm of dististyle; apical lobe or cushion of ninth tergite relatively broad.

(Liberia) : : : : : : . . dendroides Alexander
Male hypopygium without a spine or tooth on outer arm of dististyle, the latter
relatively short, weakly dilated on its basal third; apical lobe of ninth
tergite narrow, especially on its outer part. (French West Africa: French

Guinea; Belgian Congo) . 3 D : . . schoutedeni Alexander

Styringomyia clandestina sp. n. (Fig. 189)

General coloration brown, the praescutum with four brown stripes, the
median region more pruinose; antennae and palpi weakly bicoloured; halteres
with darkened knobs; femora weakly ringed with brown, more evidently so on
posterior pair; wings yellow, restrictedly patterned with brown, not involving
the anterior branch of Rs; costal fringe long; vein 2nd A angulated and spurred
near apex; male hypopygium with the tergite narrow, especially outwardly,
terminating in a setuliferous cushion; aedeagus terminating in a spade-shaped
blade, at base on either side produced into a strong spine.

Male.—Length about 8-5 mm.; wing 6-8 mm.

Rostrum brown; palpi weakly bicoloured, dark brown, the bases of the
segments pale. Antennae with the scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellar
segments bicoloured, dark brown, the outer ends or incisures broadly yellow.
Head obscure yellow, patterned with brown.

Pronotum yellow above, lined laterally with brown. Mesonotum light brown,
with four darker brown stripes, the intermediate pair converging in front,
enclosing a grey area; lateral stripes narrower, continued backward on to the
scutal lobes; a row of strong erect to slightly porrect black setae along outer
border of the intermediate stripes; scutellum and mediotergite dark brown,
with a narrow obscure yellow central line. Pleura yellow ventrally, weakly
infuscated above. Halteres with the knobs infuscated, stem obscure yellow.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow; femora yellow, with two very
vague darkened clouds on upper surface only, not forming distinct rings;
tibiae yellow, unpatterned except for the narrow darkened tip; tarsi yellow,
terminal segment black. One detached leg, presumably the posterior one, has
the femoral rings more distinct and with a narrow brown ring on tibia just
before midlength. Wings yellow, the costal third more saturated; four small
brown clouds that are virtually restricted to the veins, including 7-m, outer end
of cell rst M,, m-cu, and outer end of vein 2nd A, the first not involving the
anterior branch of Rs in any manner; veins light yellow, dark brown in the
patterned areas. Costal fringe very long and conspicuous. Venation: Anterior
branch of &s oblique; cell 2nd M, very short-petiolate; vein 2nd A bent almost
at a right angle into the margin, with a long spur at the bend.

Abdominal tergites light brown or yellowish brown, darker laterally, but
without other clearly defined pattern ; hypopygium more brownish yellow. Male

374 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

hypopygium (Fig. 189) with the tergite, ¢, narrow, especially outwardly,
terminating in a setuliferous cushion. What appears to represent the ninth
sternite is a slender structure, obtuse at tip which is narrowly darkened. Basi-
style, b, with the outer tubercle relatively short, the single modified seta stout.
Dististyle, d, only moderately complex, the outer arm very slender and pale,
the subterminal major seta unusually long, approximately one-half the length
of the entire arm; setae on surface unusually few and delicate; intermediate
and inner arms opposable, armed with short spinoid pegs and longer setae,
about as figured. Aedeagus, a, appearing as a spade-shaped structure, the apex
darkened, the base of the expanded blade on either side produced into an acute
spine, with more basal lesser points.

Holotype, 3, Masaka, UGANDA, November 13, 1934 (Edwards). Paratypes,
2 3, Matengo Highlands, TANGANYIKA (Zerny); in Vienna Museum.

The position and relationships of the fly are shown in the key.

Styringomyia contorta sp. n. (Fig. 190)

General coloration of head and thorax yellow, in cases with the notum
somewhat darker, with the central part yellow; halteres and legs yellow; wings
yellow, with a very restricted dark pattern; abdomen yellow; male hypopygium
with the ninth sternite narrow, the apical setae placed close together; outer arm
of dististyle broad and subhyaline on basal half, the outer part narrowed;
intermediate and inner arms with rows of peglike spines to appear like a pair
of jaws; aedeagus simple. a

Male.—Length about 6-6-5 mm.; wing 5-5-3 mm.

Female.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi obscure yellow. Antennae yellow, the scape slightly more
infuscated. Head yellowish brown; setae weak and pale.

Pronotum chiefly brown. Mesonotal praescutum yellow to yellowish brown,
paler and more or less pruinose on central part ; midregion of scutum, scutellum
and mediotergite yellow, the sides darker. Pleura reddish yellow to yellow.
Halteres yellow. Legs yellow, not or scarcely patterned with darker, at most
with narrow infuscations on upper surface of femur, least evident on posterior
legs. Wings yellow, anterior border more saturated; a very restricted to scarcely
evident brown pattern, including unusually small spots at v-m and outer end of
vein 2nd A ; outer end of cell rst M, and m-cu not or only vaguely darker than the
ground; veins light yellow, darker in the spotted parts. Venation: Vein 2nd A
more or less angularly bent to the margin, with a very slight spur.

Abdominal tergites fulvous yellow to obscure yellow, unpatterned or virtually
so, sternites clearer yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 190) with the ninth tergite,
t, relatively broad at apex which is densely setuliferous. Ninth sternite narrow,
the two apical setae placed close together at extreme tip, separated by less than
their own diameter. Basistyle, b, with the outer tubercle very short, its modified

TEU ED AE B75

seta stout; a small pale blade at base of the tubercle. Dististyle, d, with the
outer arm broad and subhyaline on basal half, with three or four delicate setae,
the outer half suddenly narrowed, more sclerotised, and more or less twisted;
seta about equal in length to the narrowed part of style; intermediate and inner
arms simple, taken together appearing like a pair of jaws with many peglike
teeth. Aedeagus unusually simple, terminating in two obtuse blackened lobes.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, 3 5 9. Twelve
further specimens in series.

The position and relationships of the species are indicated in the key.

Styringomyia cornuta sp. n. (Fig. 191)

General coloration yellow, patterned with brown; halteres pale yellow
throughout; legs yellow, the femora very vaguely patterned with pale brown;
wings yellow, with a restricted dark brown pattern that does not involve either
branch of Rs; costal fringe of male conspicuous, yellow; vein 2nd A weakly
angulated and spurred near outer end; male hypopygium with the tergite a
densely setuliferous cushion, sternite with setae slightly subterminal; outer arm
of dististyle hyaline, with only three weak setae; inner arm complex, bearing a
slender curved horn.

Male.—Length about 8-5 mm. ; wing 6:5 mm.

Rostrum brownish yellow; palpi bicoloured, chiefly yellow, the tips of the
segments infuscated. Antennae with scape and pedicel infuscated, the former
paler above; flagellum light yellow. Head yellow: a pair of weak proclinate
bristles on anterior vertex, with a stronger pair behind that are proclinate and
decussate ; on posterior vertex with a pair of bristles on either side of mid-space.

Pronotum yellow medially, broadly infuscated on sides, with four strong
proclinate bristles on scutum and a single pair on scutellum. Mesonotal prae-
scutum light brown, more yellowed laterally ; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly
yellow, with vague brown clouds; a pair of strong bristles on scutellum. Pleura
light yellow. Halteres pale yellow throughout. Legs with the coxae and tro-
chanters pale yellow; femora yellow, with very vague brown darkenings on upper
surface, the posterior pair almost immaculate; tibiae and tarsi yellow, the
terminal segment darker. Wings yellow, the anterior half more saturated; a
restricted brown pattern, including seams at 7-m, outer end of cell rst Mg,
posterior end of m-cu, and at bend of vein 2nd A, the first not involving either of
the branches of Rs; veins pale yellow, dark brown in the clouded parts. Costal
fringe long and conspicuous, pale yellow. Venation: Anterior branch of Rs
oblique; cell 2nd M, narrowly sessile; vein 2nd A weakly angulated and short-
spurred near apex.

Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, the extreme posterior borders of seg-
ments more darkened; sternites and hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium

376 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

(Fig. 191) with the tergite, ¢, a densely setuliferous cushion, its central part
farther produced into a smaller lobe. Ninth sternite with the two outer setae
slightly subterminal in position, the median area a trifle produced. Basistyle, 0,
with the outer tubercle long and slender but shorter than its terminal seta.
Dististyle, d, large, the outer arm moderately broad, hyaline, with the setae
reduced, only about three in number and very delicate, the subterminal major
seta fully one-half the arm; intermediate arm suboval in outline, with long
blackened pegs; inner arm very large and complex, with three major lobes or
blades, as figured, the outer one a slender rod that terminates in a single spine;
inner blade large, compressed, glabrous, at its base with a slender curved horn
and a group of from sixteen to eighteen very long setae. Aedeagus about as
figured, the lower arm before tip with a pair of blackened blades or flanges.

Holotype, 3, Fort Portal, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 5000 ft., December
1934—January 1935 (Edwards).

The present fly may be told from related forms by the characters given in
the key.

Styringomyia furcata sp. n. (Fig. 192)

General coloration brownish yellow, the praescutum lined with darker;
halteres with darkened knobs; femora yellow, with two ill-defined brown rings,
tibiae marked with darker; wings yellow, patterned with brown, including
conspicuous washes on veins Cu and 2nd A; abdominal tergites pale brown;
male hypopygium with the posterior border of tergite deeply notched medially;
dististyle with the outer arm unusually broad, blackened, the vestiture delicate ;
phallosome obtuse, heavily blackened, without spines or points.

Male.—Length about 8 mm.; wing 6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel dark brown,
narrowly lined with pale above, flagellum chiefly light yellow. Head obscure
yellow, darker on sides and behind; a pair of strong slightly porrect setae on
anterior vertex, with a weaker pair behind.

Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotal praescutum and scutum chiefly
brownish yellow, narrowly lined with brown; posterior sclerites of notum more
uniformly darkened. Pleura light yellow ventrally, more darkened above.
Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with all coxae and trochanters
yellow; femora yellow, with two ill-defined brown rings, the apex broadly yellow;
tibiae yellow, the tip and a ring before midlength brown; tarsal segments yellow,
the tips narrowly darkened, terminal segment black. Wings yellow, more
saturated on anterior third; a brown spotted pattern, including the anterior
cord, outer end of cell rst M, and m-cu, the first including the proximal half of
the anterior branch of Rs; conspicuous brown washes at midlength of vein Cu
and over most of the length of vein 2nd A, including the cell immediately behind ;
veins yellow, infuscated in the patterned areas, including the outer medial veins

TIPULIDAE 377

and 2nd A. Costal fringe of basal two-thirds of wing of male long and conspicuous.
Venation: Anterior branch of Rs oblique; cell 2nd M, narrowly sessile; vein
2nd A curved gently to the margin, unspurred.

Abdominal tergites pale brown, vaguely more darkened at posterior ends,
sternites somewhat paler, yellowish brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 192) with
the tergite, ¢, broad, depressed, its posterior end deeply forked, the notch wider
than either lobe; surface of plate with dense setulae. Ninth sternite very narrow,
at apex with two unusually stout straight blackened spines. Basistyle, 6, with
the apical lobe short and slender, its single seta small. Dististyle, d, with the
outer arm unusually broad, blackened, the subterminal major seta relatively
small; surface of arm with a longitudinal series of weak erect setae ; intermediate
arm divided into two blades that are armed with peglike spines and elongate
setae, as figured, outer blade terminating in two strong setae; inner arm of style
a scooplike pale blade, the margin with dense blackened pegs or blunt teeth.
Phallosome obtuse, relatively small, heavily blackened, without slender spines or
points but with a darkened knob near apex.

Holotype, 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Included with S. mgripalpis Edwards.

In the conspicuously clouded veins Cu and 2nd A, the present fly agrees with
Styringomyia lineaticeps Edwards and S. marshalli Edwards, which in other
respects are quite different flies. In most features of structure of the hypopygium
it is closest to S. nigripalpis, which has the wings differently patterned and with
the hypopygial details distinct. The deeply notched tergite of the present fly
suggests the specific name. This condition is approached in nigripalpis but toa
very slight degree only.

Styringomyia leucopeza Edwards
Styringomyia leucopeza Edwards; Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1914: 225; 1914.
UcanpDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, Uganda, 4500 ft., December 1934-
January 1935 (Edwards). Not seen by writer; two specimens in series, compared
with his types by Edwards.
I am showing the male hypopygium of the allied Styringomyia nigrisoma
Alexander for comparison (Fig. 194). '

Styringomyia longituberculata sp. n. (Fig. 193)

General coloration reddish brown, variegated with yellow; halteres yellow;
legs yellow, the femoral rings very poorly indicated; wings yellow, with a very
restricted darkened pattern; male hypopygium with the apical setae of the
sternite widely separated; outer tubercle of basistyle very long, subequal in
length to its terminal seta; aedeagus with apical blackened rods.

Male.—Length about 7-7-5 mm. ; wing 5—5°5 mm.

Female.—Length about 6-6-5 mm. ; wing 6-6-5 mm.

378 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Fics. 189-195.—Styringomyia spp., male hypopygia. (189) S. clandestina; (190) S. contorta;
(191) S. cornuta; (192) S. furcata; (193) S. longituberculata; (194) S. nigrisoma; (195) S.
xenophallus. a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; s, sternite; f, tergite.

Rostrum brownish yellow; palpi pale brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel
chestnut brown, paler above; flagellum obscure yellow. Head yellow; vestiture
relatively weak.

Pronotum yellow above, more infuscated on sides. Mesonotal praescutum red-
dish brown, with dark brown stripes, the disk more pruinose; posterior sclerites
reddish brown, variegated with yellow areas, the scutellum with three yellow spots.
Pleura reddish yellow. Halteres yellow throughout. Legs with the coxae and tro-
chanters yellow; femora yellow, with vaguely indicated brown clouds on upper

TIPULIDAE 379

surface, the posterior pair in cases almost uniformly yellow; tibiae yellow, the
extreme tips darkened ; tarsi yellow, terminal segment black. Wings pale yellow,
at first sight appearing to be almost unpatterned, due to the unusual reduction in
size of the brown spots at v-m, outer end of cell rst M,, m-cu and outer end of vein
2nd A; veins yellow, dark brown in the clouded parts; branches of Rs entirely
pale. Venation: Anterior branch of Rs oblique; cell 2nd M, narrowly sessile ; vein
2nd A curved strongly into margin, in cases more angulated to weak-spurred.

Abdominal tergites yellow, in male with posterior borders very narrowly
darkened, in female more conspicuously darkened medially to produce a more or
less continuous darkened stripe; sternites and hypopygium yellow. Male hypo-
pygium (Fig. 193) with the tergite relatively broad at apex, densely setuliferous,
the surface before the tip with an oval paler area or lacuna. Ninth sternite, s,
unusually broad at apex, the apical setae stout, placed at outer angles, separated
from one another by a distance a little less than their own length. Basistyle, b,
with the outer tubercle unusually long and slender, subequal in length to the
terminal modified seta, in the type a little shorter than the seta. Dististyle, d,
with the outer arm pale, slender, with about three delicate setae at and before
midlength; intermediate arm with a double row of blackened pegs; inner arm
longer, in the type produced apically, the base with a long-oval compressed
blade, on its face near base with a curved pale fingerlike blade or lobe. Aedeagus
complex, on either side of apex produced into two blackened rods, one simple,
straight, the other unequally bifid and curved.

Holotype, g, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2, mounted with type.
Paratopotypes, 22; Paratype, 1 3, Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., Decem-
ber 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Six further specimens in series.

Although it is closely allied to Styringomyza vittata Edwards, the structure of
the male hypopygium is different and I regard it as being distinct.

Styringomyia nigripalpis Edwards
Styringomyia nigvipalpis Edwards; Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1914: 216, Figs. 19, 20,
55, 56; 1914.
UcanpDA: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards). Six more specimens in series.

Styringomyia variegata Edwards
Styringomyia variegata Edwards; Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1914: 216, Figs. 1, 2, 17,
18, 543 1914.

Ucanpa: Kilembe, Ruwenzori Range, 4500 ft., December 1934—January
1935 (Edwards); Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, 6500 ft., (Edwards).
Twelve further specimens in series. Edwards notes that the males were taken
while swarming beneath a tree at midday.

380 RUWENZORI EXPEDITION

Styringomyia xenophallus sp. n. (Fig. 195)

General coloration obscure yellow, patterned with ferruginous; antennal
flagellum obscure yellow ; wings uniformly yellow, unpatterned ; abdomen yellow,
the posterior borders of the segments broadly pale brown; male hypopygium
complex in structure, especially the aedeagus, which bears a pair of pale blades
that are margined with peglike setae.

Male.—Length about 7-7-5 mm. ; wing 5:5—6 mm.

Female.—Length about 6-2—6-5 mm. ; wing 5-6-6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel dark brown, the
upper surface of former yellow; flagellum obscure yellow. Head yellow; setae
long but slender.

Pronotum obscure yellow, vaguely patterned with pale brown. Mesonotal
praescutum obscure yellow, patterned with ferruginous, the central region more
pruinose ; scutal lobes ferruginous, the median region and posterior sclerites clear
yellow. Pleura reddish brown. Halteres with stem obscure yellow, knob weakly
darkened. Legs yellow, the fore femora vaguely patterned with pale brown;
terminal tarsal segments black. Wings uniformly yellow, unpatterned, the veins
slightly darker yellow. Venation: Anterior branch of Rs relatively short,
oblique; cell 2nd M, very short-petiolate to short-sessile; vein 2nd A curved
gently into the margin.

Abdomen yellow, the posterior borders of the segments broadly pale brown
to produce a vaguely annulated appearance; hypopygium yellow. Male hypo-
pygium (Fig. 195) with the tergite, ¢, narrowed posteriorly, terminating in a small
oval cushion. Ninth sternite very long and narrow, pale, the two terminal setae
long and delicate. Basistyle, 5, bispinous, the outer spine or modified seta on a
long basal tubercle, the spine unusually short and stout; second spine more
basal in position, at apex of a long tubercle. Dististyle, d, with the outer arm
very pale and slender, the setae small, delicate; inner arm a pale blade that is
triangularly dilated outwardly, the apex with peglike spines, with additional
more basal groups, as shown. Aedeagus, a, very complicated in structure,
generally as in S. edwardsiana but even more intricate in details, the various
elements paired; on sides of organ before the terminal spines with a short lobe
that bears about fifteen modified elongate setae; longest elements of the organ
appear as narrow pale blades, the margin with about a dozen shorter modified
peglike setae.

Holotype, 3, Namwamba Valley, Ruwenzori Range, UGANDA, 6500 ft.,
December 1934—January 1935 (Edwards). Allotopotype, 2, pinned with type.
Paratopotypes, 3 3 2. Six further specimens in series.

The most similar species and closest ally is Styringomyia edwardsiana
Alexander, from Pondoland, Cape Province, which differs especially in the very
distinct male hypopygium. The male hypopygium, and especially the aedeagus,
is unusually complex and peculiar.

oy

Plate X XVII
Fic.
196.—Limonia (Limonia) wvvovata (Enderlein); wing.

( )
197.—Limonia (Limonia) nyasaensis (Alexander); wing, allotype.
198.—Limonia (Limonia) poecila (Alexander); wing, holotype.
199.—Limonia (Limonia) rhanteria (Alexander); wing, holotype.
200.—Limonia (Limonia) rhizosema (Speiser); wing.

201.—Limonia (Limonia) subapicalis Alexander; wing.

202.—Limonia (Metalimnobia) trichopterva (Alexander); wing, paratype.
203.—Limonia (Limonia) tamarae (Alexander); wing, paratype.
204.—Limonia (Limonia) compta (Alexander); wing, paratype.
205.—Limonia (Limonia) congoensis (Alexander); wing, holotype.
206.—Limonia (Limonia) edwardsi Alexander; wing, holotype.
207.—Limonia (Limonia) gvahami (Alexander); wing, holotype.
208.—Limonia (Limonia) humfreyi (Alexander); wing, holotype.
209.—Limonia (Limonia) vecedens (Alexander); wing, allotype.
210.—Limonia (Limonia) vecurvans (Alexander); wing, holotype.
211.—Limonia (Gevanomyta) sex-ocellata (Alexander); wing, holotype.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION—NO. 7 PLATE XXVII

+
ee =.

.

Plate XXVIII
Fic.
212.—Limnophila (A frolimnophila) abyssinica Alexander; wing, holotype.

213.—Limnophila (A frolimnophila) unijuga Alexander; wing, holotype.

214.—Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) cinctifemur Alexander; wing,
holotype.

215.—Gymmnastes teucholaboides (Alexander); wing, holotype.
216.—Gnophomyia (Eugnophomyia) peramoena Alexander; wing, holotype.
217.—Gnophomyia (Eugnophomyia) perelegans Alexander; wing, holotype.
218.—Eviopteva (Eviopteva) cavissima Alexander; wing, holotype.
219.—Eriopteva (Evioptera) pevingueyi Bergroth; wing.

220.—Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) flavivostris (Alexander); wing, holotype.
221.—Toxorhina (Cevatocheilus) nigvipleura (Alexander); wing, holotype.

RUWENZORI EXPEDITION—NO. 7 PLATE XXVIII

heap om be w

eet eg
See nw

=
san'Z
‘ 1
’
‘
i
ot
-_
7
; : 7
‘
: :
>t
ce
}
¢
f
‘
‘
‘
: : :
i 7
‘
‘
1 at

ee ret ses st
rs

fy
srs
=

Paiste