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S-2 BLACK-LIGHT TRAP FOR CAPTURING PECAN LEPIDOPTERA
ARS-S-175 February 1978
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE e U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE /
CONTENTS
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ILLUSTRATIONS
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TABLE
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S-2 BLACK-LIGHT TRAP FOR CAPTURING PECAN LEPIDOPTERA
By John S. Smith, Jr.
ABSTRACT
An improved black-light insect trap for capturing pecan Lepidoptera was developed. The trap is small, lightweight, inexpensive, and relatively casy to build. Construction details and operation of the trap are discussed. KEYWORDS: insect control, insect-trap design, insect traps (electric), Lepidop- tera (control on pecan), pecan (Carya illinoensis), S—2 black-light trap.
INTRODUCTION
Black-light traps have been used for survey- ing nocturnal insects and as a possible control for insects (4).2 Tedders et al. (8) used black- light traps to suppress the hickory shuckworm, Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), in an 8-acre pecan orchard to a degree equal to the control ob- tained by conventional applications of insecti- cides. Fifteen-watt omnidirectional survey-type black-light traps were mounted on tripods as described by Harding et al. (3) for the first 2 years. In the third year, these traps were modi- fied by removing the baffles. Smith et al. (6) used 6-watt traps of the type described by Ted- ders and Edwards (7) to reduce significantly the pecan shuck infestation by hickory shuck- worms. After 3 years of operating the 6-watt traps in an 8-acre orchard, infestation of pecans by the hickory shuckworm was reduced to an amount considerably below the level of eco- nomic control (5). The pecan bud moth, Gretchena bolliana (Slingerland) ; the pecan nut casebearer, Acrobasis nuxvorella (Neunzig); the walnut caterpillar, Datana integerrima (Grote and Robinson); and the fall webworm,
(Continued on page 4.)
1 Agricultural engineer, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Byron, Ga. 31008.
2 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in “Lit- erature Cited” at the end of this publication.
FIGURE 1.—The S-2 black-light trap.
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black-light trap.
Hyphantria cunea (Drury), were also sup- pressed to the degree that no detectable damage was observed.
The 6-watt trap developed by Tedders and Edwards was modified by Smith and Edwards by replacing the 6-watt F6T5/BL lamp with a 22-watt FC8T9/BL lamp with required acces- sories. The modified trap, designated as “S-2,” caught up to five times as many hickory shuck- worms during high population levels as did the 6-watt trap (unpublished data of author, 1971). The S—2 trap described herein has been used successfully in an integrated pecan pest-man- agement pilot test to control Lepidoptera attacking pecan (1, 2).
CONSTRUCTION AND DISCUSSION
The S—2 trap is shown in figure 1. A galva- nized sheet-metal commercial tractor-type fuel funnel with a 10-inch-diameter mouth and a 114-inch-diameter throat is the basic structure of the trap. The filter screen is removed from the funnel throat, and three sheet-metal tabs equally spaced around the funnel mouth (figs. 1 and 2) are soldered or spot-welded to the fun- nel to support the circline lamp. The tabs are also needed for proper lamp starting. A 34-inch hole is punched 134 inches below the funnel rim for passage of the lamp socket with connecting wiring from the ballast in the electrical box to the lamp in the funnel. This hole is fitted with a %g-inch-inside-diameter rubber grommet to protect the wiring from the sharp sheet metal. An insect-collecting container (a 72-ounce twist-top plastic food jar) is fitted to the neck of the funnel. A 5-inch-diameter disk of 18-gage sheet metal with four equally spaced =-inch- diameter holes 2 inches from the center and a 13-inch center hole is slipped on the funnel up to the filler-neck locking device and soldered. The jar top, with a center hole wide enough to allow the funnel neck through, is secured to the sheet-metal disk with rivets or small stove bolts (fig. 2).
A drain is installed in the insect-collecting container to prevent rain from entering. The rain drain consists of a piece of 14-inch-inside- diameter copper tubing 6 to 8 inches long with one end flared and the other cut at a 45° angle, attached to a 60° funnel with a 314-inch- diameter mouth and a 54-inch-diameter throat.
4
The flared end of the drain tube is fitted and soldered in the 5-inch throat. Three equally spaced sheet-metal tabs are attached to the rim of the funnel for proper positioning of the drain. The mouth of the drain funnel is covered with 16-mesh hardware cloth to prevent the captured insects from escaping through the tube. A flat washer with a 5@-inch hole is sol- dered to the drain tube high enough to provide 34, to 1 inch of clearance between the bottom of the trap funnel neck and the top of the drain funnel when the drain is in place. The drain tube is passed through a 5¢-inch hole drilled in the bottom of the insect-collecting container. The 45°-angle cut of the drain tube makes for easy insertion into the 5-inch hole in the insect-collecting container (fig. 2).
It is usually desirable to kill or inactivate the insects as soon as possible after capture, espe- cially when using the trap for survey purposes. A 3- by 3-inch piece of Vapona insecticide strip suspended from a wire attached to the jar top will kill the insects within a short time. The Vapona should be attached to a wire long enough to allow it to extend below the mouth of the rain drain, between the rain drain and the side of the insect-collecting container.
The ballast and electrical components, with the exception of the black-light lamp, are housed in a 7- by 214- by 314-inch sheet-metal enclosure constructed from 26-gage galvanized | sheet metal. The enclosure is built to conform | to the shape of the side of the tractor funnel, with the funnel serving as the back of the en- closure. The housing is attached to the trap | with four sheet-metal screws or small stove bolts. Power is supplied to the S—2 trap by at- taching the power-supply cord to a male midget twistlock connecter mounted on the bottom of | the enclosure.
The power-supply cord should be of No. 18-3 SJO or SJT power cord resistant to sunlight, | and it should be long enough to permit the trap to be raised or lowered to the desired height without placing tension on it. At one end the power-supply cord has a female midget twist- lock connecter that couples with the male con- | necter on the S—2 trap, and at the other end it | has a three-wire grounding, polarized connecter (fig. 2).
The S—2 trap is held up by three pieces of No. 3 coil chain spaced equally around the trap rim. Two of the chains should be approximately
TABLE 1.—Components of the S—2 black-light trap
[1 of each item]
Component Description
Tractor fuel funnel ....--.------ 10-in mouth with 4-in-high side and 1%4-in neck con- structed from sheet metal and then hot-dip galva- nized. General Metalware stock No. T. F. 123 or equal.
IBURST coon aco puneacsnncns doene 120-V, 60-Hz rapid-start ballast for 22-W circline lamp complete with lamp socket. Universal catalog No. 547-RS-WS or equal.
ILE‘ 00) tole obiaigidb > obo do dD OD OmcC 120-V, 60-Hz, 22-W black-light rapid-start circline fluo- rescent lamp. Sylvania No. FC8T9/BL/RS or equal. Fuse holder ......-...-..-----:- 15-A, 250-V panel-mounted fuse holder with screw cap
for type AGC fuses. Bussman type HLF or equal. | INDEED. cocnesdaocoog acu snmmugadmn 1-A, 250-V fuse. Bussman type AGC or equal. Trap power connecter ..------- 15-A, 120-V male midget twist-lock connecter. Bryant catalog No. 7486-MB or equal. Power-cord connecter .....----- 15-A, 120-V female midget twist-lock connecter to mate
with trap power connecter. Bryant catalog No. 7484— NC or equal.
Power cord and cap --...---.-.- 25-ft sunlight-resistant No. 18-3 SJO or SJT with a three-wire grounding, polarized cap suitable for con- necting to power source. Locking type, Bryant catalog No. 4720 or equal. Straight-blade type, Bryant catalog No. 5266 or equal.
Collecting container .....-..--. 72-0z twist-top plastic food jar. No. 116 or equal.
Republic Molding
18 inches long. The other, one link shorter, is attached at the midpoint of the location for the electrical enclosure, because the weight of the
an integrated program for pest management on pecans. Proc. 70th Annu. Cony. Southeast. Pecan Grow. Assoc., pp. 155-163.
5 5 (2) , Smith, J. S., Payne, J. A., Wehunt, E. J., ballast contributes a high percentage of the Wells, J. M., and McGlohon, N. E. 1976. The total trap weight. The trap will not hang level if first year of an integrated program for pest the shorter chain is not attached to the trap rim management on pecans. Proc. 69th Annu. Conv. near the ballast. S-hooks are convenient for at- Southeast. Pecan Grow. Assoe., pp. 125-182. Multis the chains to the tr i al ean (3) Harding, W. C., Jr., Hartsock, J. G., and Rohwer,
2 EAD AMG atsoy 10K G. F. 1966. Blacklight trap standards for gen- connecting the loose ends to a rope used to eral insect surveys: Recommended by the Ento- suspend the trap from the tree. mological Society of America. Bull. Entomol.
Total shuckworm captures have been greatest Soc, Am, 12: 31-82. ee eincight of about 30 feet in mature trees with (4) Hienton, 7. E. 1974. Summary of investigauous . j of electric insect traps. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. heights of 60 feet or more (unpublished data of Bull. 1498, 136 pp. author, 1971). Therefore, the traps should be (5) Smith, J. S., Jr., Gentry, C. R., Edwards, G. W., Suspended at a height of 25 to 30 feet in mature and Blythe, J. L. 1975. Use of blacklight traps trees, and at midheight for shorter trees. A 14- to suppress Lepidopteran insects on pecans. inch-diameter nylon rope passed over a smal] Pirans yam Sec Eric. Biot. Vee) e ee : : (6) , Tedders, W. L., and Gentry, C. R. 1973. pulley attached to a limb is suggested for Blacklight trapping of the hickory shuckworm positioning the trap in the tree canopy. moth in Georgia pecan orchards. Trans. Am. A list of the components of the S—2 trap is Soc. Agric. Eng. 16(1): 127-128. given in table 1. (7) Tedders, W. L., Jr., and Edwards, George W. 1974. A blacklight trap for surveys of hickory shuckworm moths. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 9(3) 176-181. LITERATURE CITED (8) , Hartsock, J. G., and Osburn, Max. 1972.
(1) Gentry, C. R., Smith, J. S., Hunter, R. E., Payne, J. A., and Wells, J. M. 1977. The second year of
Suppression of hickory shuckworm in a pecan orchard with blacklight traps. J. Econ. Entomol. 65(1): 148-155.
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