‘e ra Ais j fay 7 Be - ee ee mor ‘i i! : BR ee it A -s } q 4 é 4x tw liv hi Has) Y.. tee Cas ern y - : vt a a iy ‘ya oS Rt eh De le Th: as nn ‘Be “ ny : ee 6 ele) Gere age) LEY eee : ee MRC OPE ER, Ph gi nets PSF . bs is Vs ; si Bitviat, BET ae A Crete, vel Wee By - ‘a sty) : / ats hi fun & Dati se Te THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. (BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITIT LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTIVS § MAGAZINE OF NATURAL ILSTORY.’) CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.BS., BS. F.G-S., SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Se.D., F.R.S., AND RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. <\ gh? Ae VOL. LX.—NINTH SERIES. ~——eeeeee eer eee > LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. SOLD BY BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN, 1922. “Omnes res creatze sunt divine sapientixw et potentixe testes, divitiw felicitatis human :—ex harum usu /onifas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; ex cconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper sxstimata ; & veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Linnaus. “ Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu'elle est le chef-d’eeuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Syst?éme Animal, Leyden, 1767. ee eee ee ee ee ~ Thesylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818. ee CONTENTS OF VOL, IX. [NINTH SERIES. ] NUMBER 49. Page I. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.— No. XLIV. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., &e. (Plates ].-IT1.) eee ee ee eee eee erereneee Oe & A 0 6,66 66 8 @'s 0 Bu 6S 60'S ae 1 II. New Species of Carabide from South Africa. By C. N. SOND 2. Se er eee) ae ae ee 30 III. Some new aR of Earthworms belonging to the Genus Glyphidrilus. By ©. R. Narayan Rao, M.A,, University of VHC, SIRNEAIONG © vu's/p'.'s 'o'n's sss bak oy Peo e Ss Pee whlewavela 51 IV. An Account of the Castniine in the Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier [Lepidoptera]. By Percy I. Laruy, F.E.S. oN GPE Pee Pee eee Per eee EPPS Er vere te es 68 V. New Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. By Hersert C. Roprnson and C. BopEN KLOSS ......000eeeeeeees 87 VI. On some new or little-known South African Grasshoppers. By B. P. Uvarov, F.E.S., Assistant Entomologist, Imperial Bureau RENO oats 60.5 cea oe ne eat eg Le ghee und daldgum cas 99 VII. Descriptions of new Species of Staphylinide from the West Indies. By Matcotm Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.—Part Il. .. 118 VIII. On some Earthworms from India and Palestine belonging to the British Museum. By J. StepHeEnson, M.B., D.Sc., Lecturer in Zoology, University of Edinburgh ................sccccecees 129 IX. Hitherto undescribed Platypodide and Scolytide from Portu- guese East Africa. By Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson, F.E.S. ........ 187 X. On some interesting Hedgehogs from the Persian Gulf. By ’ OLDFIELD THOMAS..........64.. er ta IEG aalat afsiatia Svaeel aha 142 NUMBER 60. XI. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera)—VUI. Australasian Species. By Cuartes P. ALExanper, Ph.D., F.E.S., Urbana, _ es EOE. Lucia lab Wolgth cbs eb ann Ra Abad oes Ge « eae 145 XII. Notes on Myriapoda.—XXVI. The Names of some Julide and Blaniulide. By the Rev. S. GranamM Brave-Dirxs, M.Sc. (Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, S.E. Agricultural College (University of London), Wye, Kent .........-. 00s seen 160 XIII. On the Spiders captured by Mr, C. S. Elton at Spitsbergen and Bear Island in 1921. Results of the Oxford University Expe- dition to Spitsbergen.—No. 5. By A, RANDELL JACKSON........ 163 iv CONTENTS. Pago XIV. Note on the Genus Tragosia, Gray. By Artaur Denpy, D.Se., F.RS., Professor of Zoology in the University of London (King’s College) ‘1... aes saa Svak sche Rees ERE ca emis: SOD XV. Three new Races of Cephalophus monticola, By GILBERT BLAINE cnc cacnenc ce ae wuue sees thinienip nuns ke in «a pW aS ee Ws XVI. On some new and rare British Diplopods. By RicnarpS. . BaGnat., FRSA BGs Adeassc 4 caskee neko cena wen eed ARM Wgi XVII. The Mammals of the 1921 Mount Everest Expedition. By OLDFIELD THomAS, F.R.S., and Martin A, C, Henton ,......... 178 XVIII. On some new Forms of Ochotona. By OLprrrip THOMAS’ 27. Seo hate eunels Sin etka est see Neches ee ete eysieel old XIX. Some Notes on Ferret-Badgers. By Otprretp Tuomas,. 193 XX. On the Systematic Arrangement of the Marmosets. By OLDFIELD THOMAS...,...0+:00 Apia nats epiie bis siete pais aca Rare 196 XXI. The Holotype of Parazetes auchenicus, Slater (Pycnogonida). By W.T, Cauman, D.Sc. FLRS. 1555. se eee Tre rt ee nie XXII. Note on a Bear (Ursus savini, sp. n.) from the Gratien Forest-bed. By C. W. AnpREws, D. Se., RS. (British Museum, WNatural Elistory)..csspaes.s cat (ate tolet eRe BAR AO Sor an) ae 204 XXIII. Notes on Myriapoda. Tees Wanloras Millipedes. By the Rey. S. Granam bBrape-Brrxs, M.Se. (Manchester), Lec- turer in Zoology and Geology, South- Eastern Agricultural College (University of London), Wye, Kent’. .......:aseeue mene joa apd OS XXIV, A Preliminary Note on some new Nematode Parasites from the Elephant. By M. Kuarin, M.D., D.P.H., D.T.M. & H... 212 The ‘Zoolopical Record” i:.. 65 ios ow oe DORI vere ey ab owe ee NUMBER 51. XXV. The African Species of Lbeus, Er., with an Account of > their aecessory d-characters [Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cyampion, ATs dn bh aadnnee kha eT oe £7005 care ta eae 217 XXVI. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XCII. By T. D. A. CockrrEent, University of Colorado 2. ..%..0000.0 sees nse 242 XXVII. Note on the Gésophageal Teeth of the Stromateide. By J.D. F, Grrownrwr, MLA,, DBC ie skce aso save es 2 hess eee 249 XXVIII. A short Description of the Genitalia of (Ancistro- cephalus) polypteri, Leydig, 1853. By A. J. Husse, B.Se......... 0255 XXIX. A Subdivision of the Genus Uromys. By OLpririp TSOMAB Vids Oa slals b.oGaialsled aoiegrs bbe aie A» esque en th ere Se 260 XXX. New Mammals from New Guinea and neighbouring Islands. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ......0ce cscs ecececeeeeecvons od uaeet 26 XXXI. A new Marmoset from the Lower Amazons. By OLp- PIRLD THOMAB wis seas cscapousscsecpasduseioeegsvins «kenanme 265 XXXII. The Generic Classification of the Taphozous Group. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. 0, cassseeensceenns WreLEPerei iia re. 266 CONTENTS, Vv Page XXNXIIT. Preliminary Note on a new Genus of Scatopsid Flies from New Zealand. By F. W. EDWARDS .......eeeeeeenees peda DOF XXXIV. A Note on the Jurassic Dipteron, Platywra fittoni, Brodie. By F. W. EDWARDS ........cccceesicensrceescsccens 269 XXXV. Exotie Muscaride (Diptera) —V. By J. Rh. Matiocg, my ashineton, DOr! 5 og dee eps yee awe kage ig ccd eat aww igh Mot at ae 271 NUMBER 52, XXXVI. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—VIU. By H. E. PONDBRWER wo icc cate ve ee eels arte aa. Theclitellum, if present, is marked by the possession of puberty-tubercles and latero-ventral ridges or wing-like expansions of the body-wall. These, together with the clitellum, may beabsent. The position of male aperture varies, is not easily made out, and is placed as a rule within the clitellum, Thé spermathecal pores, either single or groups, occur in front of the male aperture, in the intersegmental furrows from two to six somites within the seta-space bc. A well-developed gizzard in front of septum 8-9 occupying segment 8 or 74,8 and 94. Calciferous glands absent ; ceesophageal pouches in somites 9 and ]0 may or may not be present. ‘Two pairs of testes and funnels in somites 10-1], and usually four pairs of seminal vesicles in segments 9-12. A pair of ovaries and ovisacs in segment 13. re - ae new Species of Larthworms. 53 Twelve species are now known, of which six occur in India. Found in close proximity of fresh water. The Indian examples may be recognized on the basis of the following characters :— 1. Clitellum segments 17, 18-36, 41; latero- ventral ridge or wing-segments 27, 29- 32, 33; puberty-tubercles three rows in front of the ridge; gizzard segment 8, slightly extending into7 ........ wedge 2. Clitellum segments 14, 15, 16-28, 30; latero-ventral ridge segments 20-23, 24; the ridge may be foliated into a cauliflower- like outgrowth ; puberty-tubercles in three sets, an anterior on segments 10-12,a middle on 17, 18-19, and a posterior on 24-28; gizzard segment 7 extending into8 .... G. tuberosus, Steph. . Clitellum segments 13, 14-38 ; latero-ventral ridge segment 25-32, 323; puberty- tubercles three rows in front of ridge; gizzard segment 8 extending into anterior BRIE GN RORSTIGHE CF 06s 3's o'a's cary open Bw = 8 2 G. fluviatilis, Rao. . Clitellum segments 14-35, 48; latero- ventral ridge segments 24-32, 36, and may be occasionally repeated on segments 40-45 on one or both sides; puberty-tubercles three or only two rows in front of ridge; gizzard segment 8 ........00e-sceeeee: G. elegans, Rao. 5. No clitellum; no puberty-tubercles; no latero-ventral ridge, or a feebly-marked one between seta-line dc; segment on the middle of body as large as or larger than segments 7-12; gizzard spherical, seg- ment 8; no cesophageal pouches ........ G. rarus, Rao. 6. No clitellum; no puberty-tubercles, no latero-ventral ridge; segments on the middle of body considerably less than half the width of segments 7-12; gizzard cylindrical in segments 73-94; cesophageal pouches in segments 9-10...... A ee G. saffronensis, Rao. G. annandalei, Mich. nS] we) ~ Glyphidrilus fluviatilis, sp. n. There are more than forty large and sexually mature specimens in the collection, with the median row of puberty- tubercles ranging from 8 to 14, and their mode of occur- rence is very arbitrary. External characters—The longest specimens measure 270-275 mm.; circumference in the preclitellar region 44 mm. ; width in the region of puberty-tubercles 55 mm. ; across the clitellar wing 1 mm.; postclitellar region 4 mm. The anterior part of the body down to segment 16, 18 is round, and behind it is four-cornered; the terminal part of the body may be swollen or narrowed into a cone, The 54 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some part of the body which is quadrilateral in cross-section bears dorsal and ventral wide and lateral, sometimes deep canals. Total number of segments 270-385. The pre- clitellar segments, nearly twice the size of the postclitellar ones, bear a number of prominent secondary annular ridges and grooves. The clitellar segments with the latero-ventral wings are the broadest and soft, bearing ventrally irregular grooves and ridges. The number of segments surrounding the anus can hardly be counted, owing to extreme shortness. Anus a large longitudinal slit, dorsal in position, borne on a swollen cone or on the unmodified posterior region. Prostomium pro- or zygo-lobous. Fig. 1. A seta (2) from the middle of body of Glyphidrilus fluviatilis, x 75, Dorsal pores absent. In the preclitellar region the seta-distance is aa, equal to or slightly less than bc or dd; be=dd; ab=cd. In the post- clitellar region aa: ab:be:cd:dd=2:4:1:4:lio0r2. A seta from the preclitellar region measures nearly 0°75 mm. long and 0:12 broad. ‘The skin is raised in a tent-like fashion over the seta in the middle and hinder part of body. The projecting part of the sete is ornamented by delicate annulations, and the stem embedded in the follicle bears a few irregularly-disposed spines, and the whole structure is marked by fine ‘striations, the distance between any two strie being 1150 uw. ‘The first segment is free. EEE new Species of Harthworms. 55 Traces of clitellum begin on segment 13, but become strongly marked on segments 14-33, 36 (=23 somites), The clitellar somites 25-32} bear latero-ventral wing-like expansions with either a straight or greatly-folded margin. The limits of the clitellum at either end are indistinct. The Vertical longitudinal section of pharynx and gizzard of G. fluviatilis. The section shows the immense dorsal thickening of the pharyngeal wall, the ventral thrown into folds so as to give rise to pouch-like sacs. Lettering to figs. 2-4. amp.c. = ampulliform clitellar cells; 4.v. = blood-vessel; Coel.m. = ccelomic muscles with clumps of cells on them; ¢.t.=connective tissue ; d.v.=dorsal vessel; g.c.=glandular cells ; Giz.=gizzard ; m.=muscular system of body-wall; nep.=nephridia ; nep.c.=nephridial cells, showing the characteristic form and position of nucleus; .c.=nerve-cord ; n.v.= subneural vessel; nip.=teat of puberty-tubercle ; 0b.m.=oblique muscle- fibres; p.g.=pharyngeal gland; p.p.=pharyngeal pouch; p.s.=peri- toneal sheath ; r=rim of puberty-tubercle ; »zg.m.=circular muscles of the rim; s=skin; s.%.=subintestinal vessel; t=typhlosole; ¢.v.= typhlosolar vessel; v.=valve-like fold of pharynx; w.t.=wide tube free in fig. 4 B and clogged by degenerate nephridial cells in fig. 4C; n.t.=narrow tube free in fig. 4 B and clogged by degenerate nephridial cells in fig. 4 C, puberty-tubercles occur in three rows in front of the clitellar fold, and their number and relation to somites are irregular, The mid-ventral row commences on segments 13, 16, extend- ing up to segments 23, 24. The number of lateral papilla 56 Mr. C. R, Narayan Rao on some is fairly constant, the first oceurring on the somite 14, though there may be lop-sided individual variations. Behind the clitellar wing segments 33-35 bear lateral tubercles, and median ones occur on segments 38-40. The disposition of the lateral papille is interesting: the first three on either Fig. 3. A. Transverse section of the middle of body of G. fluviatilis, to show the relation of the celomic muscles and the viscera. In the ventral ccelomic chamber lie the nephridia, nerve-cord, and the subintes- tinal and subneural vessels. B, Stained preparation of the coelomic muscles, showing the clumps of cells and corpuscles of the ccelomic fluid. The double and tri- nuclear nature of the cells is clearly seen. side are in seta-line dc, 4 and 5 are shifted dorsalwards lying in seta-line cd, and the series from the sixth is again shifted to seta-line cd, Each tubercle is placed on the posterior margin of the somite to which it belongs, and may be so arge that the tubercles form a continuous row. Each eee le al eee new Species of Earthworms. ‘S1N900 JI GLO WOYBOYTPOUL JO JU9IXE PUL aINZRU oT} SAMOS C ‘s2uaN0L fv “1D jo Ajaarjoodsor FT puv Og syuowSes jo viprydoeu jo oqo] [BUYSeqyUT oY} Jo WoOLoos [BIUOZIMOFY “OD PUL | ‘syupuny* JO ULSLBUL Le;NUUY puLT quo} oy} Jo yWoMeSuvrre IepMosnu oy} Surmoys ‘eporeqny-Aytoqnd wurpow oy} YSnoayy worjoes [woLeA “V 5 (oa) Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some papilla consists of a circular elevated ridge with a central nipple, separated from the former by a deep moat all round. Occasionally there may be two such nipples on a papilla, when it becomes quadrilateral in outline. If, as occasionally happens, the papillary somites should bear secondary annular ridges, these latter become conspicuous bars con- necting the three rows of tubercles on the somite, which in cross-section is more like a segment of a circle. In sectional preparations (fig. 4, A), the tubercle is seen to be composed of circular muscle-fibres in the outer rim, and in the central nipple occur an outermost circular layer and an inner band of vertical muscles, which converge towards the apex in an oblique manner from all round the neighbourhood of the outer rim. There are no sensory cells of any kind on them, and only a few large oval glandular cells, occurring chiefly in the trench. Judged from their structure, there can be little doubt that the tubercles act as organs of adhesion in a sexual act, and when we consider the fact that the surroundings in which these worms live are likely to be suddenly inundated, the need for suctorial organs of some sort becomes all the greater. The lateral clitellar wings are muscular structures with the outer transverse and the inner longitudinal bands studded with the oval ampulli- form gland-cells. Lying in between the muscle-bands of both sets are to be found branching connecting-tissue fibres, which enable these flaps of skin to be stretched out fairly widely. No genital pores can be made out, except in sections. Spermathecal apertures occur in intersegmental furrows, Male orifice in the intersegmental furrow 21/22 nearer to seta-line b. Opening of the oviduct segment 13 between seta-space aa. Nephridial pores large between bc, very well marked behind segment 12, and inconspicuous anteriorly. Colour.—In spirit-specimens the colour is a dark grey, with occasionally traces of orange on the anterior part of the body. In the live specimens the greater part of the postclitellar region is yellow with a dark, broad, dorsal and frequently ventral band. The whole clitellar portion is grey or even white, and the body in front is yellowish red. Internal organisation.—The first recognisable septum 3/4 is composed of a few muscle-bands only, 4/5 better developed. Septum 5/6 is only slightly and 6/7-14/15 very thick. Others are tender. Dorsally the pharyngeal muscles are densely developed, arising from the posterior border of septa 4/5-7/8, and ee new Species of Earthworms. 59 inserted obliquely forwards. They form a dense matting over the pharynx. Ventrally the bands are separate and more strongly developed. The pharynx (fig. 2) occupies somites 3-7. Its dorsal wall is enormously developed, and tongues of muscles dip into the cavity and almost fit into corresponding depressions on the floor. The ventral wall at the level of the fourth segment is raised into a semilunar valve-like fold, whose presence is marked outside by an intucking of the wall. The ventral wall of the pharynx in somites 6 and 7 is raised into vertical folds, simulating the pouch. The nephridia of segments 5-6 are all fused together to form a single median structure, closely applied to the ventral wall of the pharynx. They are modified into flat glandular bodies, in which the small nephridial cells are united to become large polygonal syncytial cells in the main lobes. They have no nephridiopores, and just behind the semilunar fold (segment 4) is a small aperture, which can be traced to these pharyngeal glands ; in a series of sections the commu- nicating channels lie closely adherent to the under surface of the pharyngeal wall. The gizzard is in segment 8, slightly extending into segment 9. The intestine commences in segment 14. There is a typhlosole. Below the dorsal vessel lies a typhlosolar vessel, which runs up to the genital somites, where it attains the thickness of the superior vessel, finally entering the pharynx. The last heart is in segment 12. There are subintestinal and sub- neural vessels. A lateral vessel is present only occasionally. The secondary segmental sheath, in which the dorsal vessel is enclosed in segments 18-25, is a flat somewhat loose pouch filled with ccelomocytes and blood-corpuscles. I have not been able to make out any communication between these pockets and the body-cavity. The nephridial system consists of a series of very large meganephridia, becoming most conspicuous from somites 14. In front they are only feebly developed—sometimes disposed in the form of arches over the alimentary canal, or are tucked under in the form of tufts. The nephrostomes are large club-shaped structures, in which the diameter of the ciliated funnel is only slightly wider than the funnel-tube. In segments 24-32, of the majority of examples dissected and examined, are found small vesicles, not unlike the spermatheca in the anterior somites, in close relation with the nephridia of these segments. The vesicles, which are 3-4, lie in the seta-line a, b, c, d on either side close to the posterior surface of septa, and are connected with the main lobes of the nephridia only by muscular attachments, 60 Mr. ©. R. Narayan Rao on some Apparently they have no ductules leading them to the outside world, for none can be made out in sections. In respect of microscopic structure, their excessively thin wall is composed of cubical large cells and a few muscle-fibres circularly disposed. The vesicles were empty. They must be degenerate spermathecz, unusually placed far behind. The male organs comprise four pairs of large testicular sacs in segments 9-12. Lach vesicle is a greatly lobulated, pyriform, spherical or oval organ, the anterior two are attached to the hearts in whose loop they lie just in front of septa 9/10 and 10/11, and the hinder two are attached to the posterior face of septa 10/11 and 11/12. I have noticed, in about three out of eight examples dissected, a fifth pair of seminal vesicles attached to the anterior surface of septum 11/12. Seminal funnels are large, placed in seg- ments 9 and 10-11 attached to the sacs. Testes are small brush-like organs, mostly free, attached to about middle of the anterior surface of septa 9/10 and 10/11. ‘There are no prostates. The male aperture could be made out only in sectional preparations in the intersegmental furrow 21/22 nearer to seta-line b. There is a single pair of large spermathecz in segment 14. Each is a stalked pyriform organ without diverticula. The duct enters the posterior face of septum 13/14. In addition, there may be a variable number of spermathecz on each side, behind segment 14 in the seta-lines a, >, and ¢ close to the posterior surface of septa 14/15, 15/16, 16/17. They are sessile, almost buried in the thickness of the body-wall. Each of these structures differs from the ampulla referred to in connection with the nephridia by the muscle-fibres forming distinct spiral bands. In vertical sections of the body-wall in this region the apertures are made out. Asymmetrically situated behind segment 16 are occasional spermathecal vesicles, either only on one or both sides. ~ The ovary and ovisacs are large, more or less spherical, soft, lobulated bodies, in segment 13 attached to the pos- terior surface of septum 12/13. No oviduct was made out. Female pore on segment 13 within the seta-space aa. Locality Sandy banks of Rivers Harangi, Madapur (Coorg); Cauvery, Fraserpett (Coorg), and Sheravathy, Shimoga (Mysore). Type-specimen in the British Museum. Syntypes in the Hamburg and Indian Museums. Remarks.—This species and the three others described in this paper do not in the living condition possess a four- cornered body behind segments 12 or 13, but nearly a flat new Spectes of Earthworms. 61 oval one. It is while fixing the animals that the body becomes four-cornered, and in the struggles snaps occur at different parts, leading to complete separation. The quadri- lateral nature of the body is produced by the sudden con- tractions of the transverse bands of ccelomic muscles, which extend from seta-space be to below the intestine. These muscles (fig. 3, A & B), which start from the body-wall in the median line, spread outwards in the form of a cone on either side, anda pull on the body-wall on the sides accounts for the lateral canals and dorsal and ventral corners. The contraction of the vertical muscles of the septa, which extend beyond the grooves on either side of the body-wall, would produce the dorsal and ventral canals. The secondary sets of coelomic muscle-bundles do not occur in front of the segment 14, and hence this region remains round. But the most interesting fact connected with these muscles is that they almost form, being connected here and there in their course by patches of peritoneal membrane, secondary ventral chambers, in which the nephridia are lodged. They have to be disengaged from these chambers for a more detailed examination. Numerous bubbles of air escape from these secondary chambers, as in other freshwater species, while the worms are opened and spread out, and, where the pressure has not ruptured the investing membrane of the ventral coelomic chamber, very large air-bubbles are noticed, being entangled within the muscular mesh. Such air-bubbles are found throughout the worm. The chamber on ove side communicates with its fellow on the opposite side below the intestine and the nerve-cord, the associated vessels and the nephridia lie within the secondary cavity. In cross-section the chambers lock like two cones, their apices meeting in the middle. The upper wall is composed of several bands of muscles, held together imperfectly in most places by the reflected portion of the peritoneum from the intestine. On the body-wall (bc) the bundles of muscles at their point of insertion spread out in the form of a fan. Occurring in the narrower middle portion of the chamber, and also in the outward part, are clumps of large polygonal cells with one or more deeply staining nuclei associated with the muscle-bundles. Mixed up with these clumps are ccelomocytes and a fine plexus of blood-capil- laries. In any teased and stained preparation of the muscle- fibres, the cell-clumps are a striking feature, and occur uniformly. Iam unable to trace the source or determine at present the nature of the origin of these cells, which may be due perhaps to the proliferation of peritoneal cells, which 62 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some they resemble closely except in size. In view of the absence of the dorsal pores, and consequently the complete shutting off of the segmental cavities from the outside world, it is only reasonable to associate in some sort of manner the uniform occurrence of the bubbles with the cell-aggregates of the secondary chambers. In other words, the ventral portion of the coelomic cavity perhaps acts as a hydrostatic chamber, which in worms whose environment is susceptible of being frequently inundated by sudden floods must be extremely of a useful character. Glyphidrilus elegans, sp. n. External characters.—The largest specimens measure 136 mm.; number of segments 186-270; circumference of body about segments 9-14 3} mm. where the body is round; from segments 18-24 5 mm. across the body where it is flat ; between the inner borders of the clitellar wing 5°5 mm., here the body is thick and flat. Behind the body gradually narrows and is four-cornered, with the dorsal, ventral, and lateral canals. Sometimes the dorsal depression may extend forward up to segment 13; segments 7-13 are broad and those behind are extremely short, nearly half or less than half of the anterior ones. Segments in the posterior part of the body only gradually become short and can be counted up to the anus, which is dorsal and terminal. The anterior preclitellar segments have secondary annular ridges and grooves. Prostomium zygolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Nephridial pores from behind segment 12 in seta-space bc. In segments 24-32 aa=2}ab and=2ab both in front and behind this region, aud gradually becoming less than 2ab both ways ; aa is greater than be or dd; ab=cd. The clitellum is marked from segments 14-35, 48 ( =22-35). The genital markings are three, or only two rows of puberty-tubercles. The median, when present, commences from segments 12-13, and quite variable in number (7, 12), and the laterals, which are uniform in their occurrence, begin on segment 13 extending up to segment 24. Behind the puberty-wing, the lateral series may be continued on segments 32-36 on one or both sides and the median ones on segments 41-42. Each of these tubercles, which in point of disposition and microscopical structure resembles the foregoing species, differs from them in a marked manner by their oval or transversely elongated shape. ‘The secondary annular ridges from segments 18, 22 are very strongly a — OS new Spectes of Earthworms. 63 developed on the ventral surface, and connecting the three tubercles on a segment constitute a characteristic feature. Each tubercle occupies the whole width of the segment, and consequently touches one another so as to form a continuous structure. In the case of the lateral tubercles from seg- ments 12-24, there is a clitellar ridge, dorsal to the tubercles and becoming continuous with the broader wing from segments 25-32, 36, and occasionally repeated on one or both sides on segments 40-45. The border is greatly foliated.. No genital pores can be made out except in sections. Colour.—In the liying condition this is a beautiful worm, covered by more than one vivid colour. The anterior part of the body down to segment 18 is bright orange, and from behind down to about segment 40 it is a warm yellow. Dark dorsal and ventral bands occur. The yellow posterior part of the body becomes rather dirty. The mid- clitellar region is deeply red, while the tubercles and the wing are white. In the spirit-specimens the yellow and even the red may be preserved in varying degrees. Internal organisation. — Septum 6/7 moderately and 7/8-10/11 very thick. Septum 4/5 is the first recog- nizable one. The pharynx extends up to segment 64 and is thrown into pouch-like sacs in segment 7. Gizzard spherical, very large in segment 8. Intestine begins in segment 14. A typhlo- sole is present. Pharyngeal glands present, having the same relation and structure as those of the previous species. Dorsal vessel single. Last heart in segment 1] and an additional one frequently in segment 12. Meganephridia commencing from segment 12. None in front. ‘They are enclosed in the ventral secondary ccelomic chambers. Male organs.—There are four pairs of seminal vesicles in segments 9-12, those in 9, 10, and 12 being conspicuous. They are directly attached in the usual way to the anterior and posterior surfaces on septa 9/10, 10/11, 10/11, and 11/12 respectively. The vesicles are irregularly spherical bodies, soft and lobulated. No prostates. Testes and funnels in segments 10-11 both conspicuous and easily made out. Male aperture in interseymental furrow 27/28 on seta-line b. Ovisacs and ovaries situated in segment 13 on the dorsal vessel, each is a large flat body, loosely attached to the posterior surface of septum 12/13. Oviducts not identifiable, Female orifice segment 13 within aa. Spermathece are situated in segments 13-16. They are 64 Mr. ©, R. Narayan Rao on some minute, sessile, subspherical bodies embedded in the body- wall. In each segment there are five on each side, the innermost row internal to seta-line aa, and the others on seta-lines a, 6, c, d, with corresponding intersegmental spermathecal apertures. Lop-sided variations in regard to the spermathecz are common, the additional ones occur in segments 17-18 in the seta-line 4. ‘The supra-csophageal ganglion occurs in segment 4. Type-specimen in the British Museum. Syntypes in the Hamburg and Indian Museums. Locality.—Sandy islets in the Cauvery, Dubari forests. Fraserpett (Coorg) ; banks of Sheravaty, Shimoga (Mysore). Glyphidrilus rarus, sp. 0. External characters.—Average length of three longest specimens 205 mm.; maximum thickness 4 mm., which may increase slightly behind or suddenly fall from behind segments 9-12. The last segments 20-32, immediately in front of anus, become very short, and are marked off from the rest of the body in front. Average number of segments 290; segments 6-10 large; those in the middle of the body equal to these or only very slightly shorter. The number surrounding the anus is too short to be counted. Body round for about twelve segments, behind it is high and four-cornered, with broad dorsal, ventral, and lateral canals; segments 3-14 bear secondary ridges and annu- lations. Prostomium large, zygolobous. Mouth is a crescentic opening, rather ventral. Anus a narrow longitudinal slit, dorsal in position. Dorsal pores none. The seta-distance in front of segment 12 is aa=2, ab=1, be=14, cd=14, dd=2; in the middle of body aa=23, ab=14, be=14, cd=1, dd=2?; in the terminal modified portion of body aa=1}?, ab= 3, be=1, cd=}, dd=13. The first segment is free. Setze on middle of body very large. No trace of clitellum, although all the numerous speci- mens in the collection are fully mature and the sexual glands are well developed. Puberty-tubercles and clitellar wing-like expansions are also absent. The latter may be feebly formed over somites 25-32 on the outer side of seta- line b. Nephridial pores in the intersegmental furrows in the middle of seta-space bc throughout the length of body from segment ]2. None of the spermathecal apertures can be made out new Species of Harthworms, 65 easily, except in sections in the intersegmental furrows 13/14, 15/16 on seta-line 6. Male and female apertures cannot be identified. Colour.—In the live specimens the whole body is a pale grey, or even slightly brownish in some, with the usual dark dorsal and ventral bands. There is no colour-change in the preserved material. . Internal organisation.—The first recognisable septum is 4/5; septa 7/8-10/11 very thick, those of 11/12-14/15 fairly thick. Those of 4/5-6/7 are thicker than 16/17. The pharyngeal muscles are very strongly developed in somites 6-7, though the ventral bands arefew. The pharynx is a spherical, strongly muscular chamber occupying somites 3-6. Pharyngeal wall in segment 7 thrown into pouches. A well-developed spherical gizzard in segment 8. An cesophageal pouch may be present in segment 9. The intestine begins in segment 13, and in 14 the intestinal wall is thick, white, and spherical, so as to simulate a secondary posterior gizzard. There is a typhlosole, but no pharyngeal glands. The dorsal vessel is a stout tube of uniform thickness throughout. There is a typhlosolar vessel which comes to the surface of the intestine at the level of segment 14, and is continued forwards in the form of an independent vessel entering the pharynx anteriorly. The last heart is in segment 1]. A lateral longitudinal vessel, about the thick- ness of the dorsal vessel, extends from the anterior end backwards in seta-line 6. It is suddenly deflected inwards at about the level of somite 13, or-may be continued in the same seta-line as far behind as segments 46-60, becoming greatly attenuated in its course. There is only a sub- intestinal vessel. The nephridia begin in segments 14-15. Male organs.—The testes and funnel in segment 10 not identifiable, but made out in segment 11. There are four pairs of seminal vesicles, irregular in shape and independent of the loops of the heart. The anterior ones are attached to the anterior face of septa 10/11 and 11/12. There are no prostates. Male aperture in the intersegmental furrow 21/22 on seta-line b. A small ovary and an egg-sac are attached to the posterior surface of the septum 12/13 dorsal in position. No oviduct. Female orifice on segment 13 within aa. No spermatheca could be discovered in any of the three specimens dissected. In one, however, a small whitish pear-shaped organ occurred in seta-line ?, segments 14, 15 on — Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 5 66 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some both sides perhaps representing rudimentary spermathecal structures. Type-specimen in the British Museum. Syntypes in the Hamburg and Indian Museums. Locality.—Sandy banks of the Harangi, Madapur (Coorg), and of the Cauvery, Dubari forests, Fraserpett (Coorg). Glyphidrilus saffronensis, sp. 0. External characters.—Average length of three longest specimens 135 mm.; maximum thickness 5 mm., which is fairly the thickness throughout, except the posterior one- eighth, which gradually tapers towards the anus. Average number of segments 298. Segments in the middle of body about one-third the width of segments 6-12, and those imme- diately in front of the anus about half the width of former. Anteriorly the body is round, behind it becomes four- cornered with feebly lateral canals, the dorsal and ventral ones, however, are strongly marked. Secondary annular ridges may be wanting or may be limited to the occurrence of one on each segment, mainly anteriorly. Prostomium large, zygolobous. In the preserved speci- mens the anterior dorsal wall of the pharynx may project beyond the mouth. No dorsal pores. Anus, a dorsal longitudinal slit, wider at the terminal part with tumid lips. The seta-distance in front of segment 12 aa=14, ab=1, be=14, cd@=1, dd=13; in the middle of body aa=2, ab='75, be=14, cd="75, dd=2; in the terminal modified portion of body aa=1, ab='50, be="75, cd="50, dd=1. No trace of clitellum, all the numerous examples in the collection being sexually mature ; puberty-tubercles and clitellar wing absent. Nephridial pores, in the intersegmental furrows, nearer to seta-line c throughout the length of body from seg- ment 18. Spermathecal apertures made out with difficulty in the intersegmental furrows 13/14-16/17 nearer to seta-line 6. Sometimes only one orifice, that of 13/14 may be present. Male aperture on the intersegmental furrow 27/28 in the seta-space ab ; female opening not discoverable. Colour.—In the living condition the whole body is a vivid lemon-yellow, with reddish aud whitish patches on the anterior somites. The terminal modified portion of body white. Dorsal and ventral dark bands. In the preserved specimens the colour is either a pale yellow or grey. Internal organisation—The first recognisable septum is 4/5, which and the succeeding two are strongly muscular, new Species of Larthworms. 67 Septa 7/8 and 10/11 are very thick and 11/12 only slightly so. The oblique pharyngeal muscle-bands spring from the posterior margin of somite 7 ventrally, and pass inwards and forwards through septa 6/7 and 5/6 to be inserted into the ventral pharyngeal pit. The dorsal muscles form a closer matting structure, where the dorsal anterior wall of the pharynx is shot out, the whole pharynx appears on dissection a tubular structure, otherwise it is a spherical organ occu- pying somites 3-6. The whole of the ventral wall of the pharynx is sacculated, becoming a distinct pouch in somite 7. The gizzard is very strongly developed ; it is a long tubular structure, lying in somites 74, 8,94, and accordingly septa 7/8 and 8/9 are displaced by the length of half a somite. Well-developed cesophageal pouches may occur in somites 9 and 10, the anterior being better developed. There is a typhlosole, the intestine beginning in segment 14, No salivary glands. The last heart is in segment 1]. A typhlosolar vessel and a lateral longitudinal vessel are present, the latter occasion- ally very feebly developed. The nephridia commence in segments 12-13. Those in 13-16 are excessively large and are brownish in appearance. Frequently the nephridia may have a similar colour iu one or more lobes. Structurally also there is modification. In the anterior nephridia (13-16) the lobes comprise very large oval cells, with deeply staining central nucleus. ‘The proto- plasm stains less easily. Clearing with glacial acetic acid reveals nothing, except that the protoplasm of the cells appears clearer aud more granular. In sectional preparations, (fig. 4, B & C) the ordinary nephridial cells appear degenerate and block the system of draining-canals, the whole organ thus becoming a more solid structure with a rich plexus of blood- capillaries. There is little doubt that the larger cells are of secondary origin, though their source is doubtful. In none of the teased or sectional preparations of these modified nephridia could the occurrence of organic debris be found, the entire structure looking under the microscope not unlike that of an egg-sac. The exact nature of the function fulfilled by these greatly modified nephridia is problematical. The other nephridia in the middle of the body have the usual structure and disposition. Male organs.—'l'wo pairs of testes and two large seminal funnels in segments 9 and 10. The seminal vesicles, which are four, are unequally developed, and in point of attach- ment and position follow the usual rule (segments 9-12, the 68 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniine in the first two attached independently of the hearts, to the anterior surface of septa 9/10 and 10/11, and the last two to the posterior face of septa 10/11 and 11/12). No prostates. A pair of ovaries and ovisacs in segment 13 attached to the posterior surface of septum 12/13. No oviduct can be made out. Female opening, as made out in transverse sections, on segment 13 within seta-space aa. Spermatheca not present. The supra-cesophageal ganglion is in segment 4. The two halves of the nerve-cord remain separate, being enclosed only in a connective-tissue sheath. Type in the British Museum. Syntypes in the Hamburg and Indian Museums. Locality—Margins of pools in the forests of Dubari, Fraserpett (Coorg); river-beds of the Cauvery, Dubari (Coorg). REFERENCES TO LITERATURE. (1) Boat Karam Narayan, (1919.) “ Nephridia of Indian Earth- worms.” Q.J.M.S. vol. Ixiv. part 1 (ms. no. 253), (2) Bepparp, F. E. (1895.) “A Monograph of the Order Oligo- cheta ” (Oxford). (3) ——. (1890.) “Contributions to the Anatomy of Earthworms.” Q. J. M.S. vol. xxx. (n.s.). (4) MicHakrLsen, W. (1900.) “ Oligocheta” in ‘ Das Tierreich.’ (5) (1910.) ‘Die Oligochaetenfauna der vorderindisch-ceylon- ischen Region.” Abh. Geb. Naturwissen, Hamburg, vol. xix. part 5. (6) (1908.) ‘The Oligocheeta of India, Nepal, Ceylon, Burma, and the Andaman Islands.” Mem. Ind. Mus, vol. i. (7) SrEPHENSON, J. (1914.) “ Littoral Oligocheta from the Chilka Lake, on the East Coast of India.” Rec. Ind. Mus, vol. x. (8) ——. (1916.) “Ona Collection of Oligocheta belonging to the Indian Museum.” Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xii. 1V.—An Account of the Castniinee in the Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier [Lepidoptera]. By Percy I. Latuy, F.E.S. [Plate IV.] SINCE the appearance of M. Houlbert’s fine work on the Castniinee (Etud. Lépid. Comp. xv. 1918) the attention of Lepidopterists has naturally been turned towards this inter- esting family. Mr. Talbot, in his review of this work (Novitat. Zool. xxvi. pp. 28-35, 1919), and Lord Rothschild (Joc. cit. pp. 1-27) have already added considerably to our ee Se H aE SS a a Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 69 knowledge by describing several new species and subspecies, and also by correcting a certain number of errors that were bound to be found in a werk of such magnitude as that of M. Houlbert. As Madame Fournier’s collection of Castniine now ranks among one of the finest of this family, it has occurred to me that an account of the species it contains may be of interest to Lepidopterists, especially as in it I have discovered a new species and several new subspecies, and also am able to point out variation that exists in some species, that have hitherto been exceedingly rare in collections, of which Madame Fournier has long series. I have given a complete list of the specimens contained in the collection, so that any Lepidopterist desiring to visit it in order to study this family may know at once what material he will have to work upon, and at the same time it will ae to show the numerous gaps that still remain to be led. A curious feature that I have noticed among some species of the Castniinz is the resemblance of males to females, and vice vers@—I allude, of course, to the non-dimorphic species, such as Ypanema decussata, Xanthocastnia evalthe, ete. Usually the females in these species have the apex of fore wing slightly more rounded than in the males ; but it often happens that this character is not constant, and one has only to arrange a series according to it, and after to carefully examine the frenulum, and it will then be found that in most cases the sexes have been mixed. The variation in size of individual specimens of the same species is also very remarkable, and I give measurements of fore wing of a few of the most striking cases that I have before me :— 3 Q. mm. mm. Xanthocastnia evalthe ......., 80-39 30-48 Erythrocastnia syphax ........ 37-52 87-53 Ceretes marcel-serrest .....+.00 20-36 oy Sympalamides Mimon... 161+. 25-35 30-42 Ypanema decussata,........ ,.. 26-40 31-44 Aciloa palatinus .........0000 30-41 29-43 Haemonides cronida ...ceuvess 32-44 41-52 I have arranged the collection before me after Houlbert, and have followed his classification throughout this paper ; but I think that a further study of this family will lead to the sinking of many new generic names used by him. 70 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniinee in the Cyparissias dedalus, Cram. Papilio dedalus, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. p. 1, figs. A, B (1775). This species appears to be much rarer in French Guiana than C. guyanensis, Houlb, 3 9 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Cyparissias dedalus paraénsis, sul YParwssvas adedatus pa UENSIS, su ISP. De This form may easily be distinguished from the typical dedalus by the larger and more lunulate submarginal spots of the hind wing; these spots have the tendeney to be pro- duced along the nervules by yellowish sealing, and give the impression of an incomplete oval marking; the pale markings are also more yellowish than in dedalus. 738,62 9, Para, Amazons. Cyparissias dedalus conspicua, Rotlisch. Castnia (Cyparissias) dedalus conspicua, Roths. Novit. Zool. xxvi. p. 2 (1919). 1 3, Buenavista, E. Bolivia. Cyparissias guyanensis, Houlb. Castnia guyanensis, Houlb. Etudes Lép. Comp. xiii. p. 50, pl. i. fig. 1 (1917). Considerable confusion has arisen over this species, described by Houlbert (lee. eit.). In his ‘f Revision of the Castniinge ”” (Etudes Lép. Comp. xv. p. 92) he treats dedalus, Cram., as an insect unknown in collections. Jordan (in Novit. Zool. xxiv. p. 59, 1917) described a species under the name of grandis, and pointed out that the chief difference (apart from the structure of the genitalia) is in the absence of white spots above first radian nervule of fore wing and in fore wing not having a hairy underside. Talbot, in his review of Houlbert’s work (Novit. Zool. xxvi. pp. 28-35), makes no mention of any species of the Cyparissias-group. Rothschild, in his Supplementary Notes (loc, cit. pp. 1-27), places guyanensis, Houlb., as a synonym of dedalus, Cram. When I arranged the Castniidee in Madame Fournier’s collection I had at first followed Rothschild’s view, but on going carefully through it a second time, and eomparing the specimens determined as grandis, Jord., with the figure of guyanensis, Houlb., I felt almost certain that I had to deal with the same species. — Tc el le, a. AGI Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 71 Fortunately, Mr. Talbot was passing through Paris on his way to visit M. Charles Oberthiir at Rennes, and I asked him to be kind enough to examine Houlbert’s type ; and he did so, and found, as I expected, that it is the species without the hairy underside of fore wing. Lalso examined the specimens in the Paris Museum that were sent to Houlbert, and found them all to be the non-hairy species. As Dr. Jordan’s description appeared in May 1917, and that of Houlbert in March of the same year, it is the latter who has priority, and grandis, Jordan, sinks as a synonym. The pale spots of double row of hind wing in this species are very variable in size; in one specimen from French Guiana the outer row is almost obsolete; other specimens have the spots of the inner row smaller than those of the outer, while others have them of similar size in each row. The two specimens from Para are not to be distinguished from those from Guiana, 10g 3, 42 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 4, 1 9, Para, Amazons. Cyparissias boliviensis, Houlb. Castnia boliviensis, Houlb, Etud. Lép. Comp. xiii. p. 52 (1917). Lord Rothschild states (Novit. Zool. xxvi. p. 3, 1919) that the nine males at Tring agree exactly with Preiss’s figure; one of the specimens in Madame Fournier’s collection differs in having the oblique white band of fore wing extended to vein l. 2 8 3g, Rio Inambare, S.E. Peru. Cyparissias preissi, Stgr. Castnia preissi, Stgr. Soc. Ent. 1899, t. xiv. p. 21. This appears to be an exceedingly rare species. The type is from Iquitos, Upper Amazons. The two specimens in Madame Fournier’s collection differ from Preiss’s figure of the type [‘ Neue und seltene Arten des Lepidopteren-Genus Castnia, ‘Taf. i. fig. 4 (1899)], inasmuch as the oblique white band of fore wing is not continued as far as margin. 2 8 3, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Amauta angustata, Druce. Castnia angustata, Druce, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xx. p.505 (1907). Houlbert, in his work on the Castniinz (Etud. Lép. Comp. p- 125), does not state whether there is any difference between 72 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Oastniine in the the markings of the male and female. The two specimens I have before me differ, inasmuch as the male has the cellular spot of fore wing very indistinet, the discal band and sub- marginal spots of hind wing less pronounced. 1 g, Canelos, Ecuador; 1 ?, Balsapamba, Ecuador. Amauta cacica, Herr.-Schiff. Castnia cacica, H.-S. Ausseur, Schmett. pl. liv. fig. 143 (1854), 1 ¢, Bogota, Colombia. Amauta cacica procera, Boisd. Castnia procera, Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lépid, Hét. p. 503 (1874). 33 3o,2 2 2%, without locality; 1 9, Chiriqui. Amauta papilionaris velutina, Houlb, Castnia velutina, Houlb. Etud. Lép, Comp. fase. xiii, p. 55 (1917). 738,92 2, Macas, Ecuador. Amauta papilionaris affinis, Rothsch. Castnia (Amauta) papilionaris affinis, Roths. Novit. Zool. xxvi. p. 3 (1919). 1 g, Chanchamayo, Peru; 1 ¢, La Merced, Peru. Corybantes pylades, Stoll. Papilio pylades, Stoll,in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol.iv.p. 200, pl. ceelxxxvii. _ figs. A, B (1782). This species appears to be fairly constant, the principal variation being in the size of the black spots of submarginal orange band of hind wing. 833,62, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 2 og, 1 ¢, Para, Amazons. Corybantes mathant, Oberth. Castnia mathani, Oberth, Etud. Entom, fase. vi. pl. iv. fig. 2 (1881). 1 ¢, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Castniomera atymnius, Dalm. Castnia atymnius, Dalm. Prodr. Monogr. Castnie in Act, Holm. p. 12 (1824). 2 2? 2, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 73 Castniomera atymnius humboldti, Boisd. Castnia humboldti, Boisd. Spec. Gén, Lép. Hét. p. 528 (1874). 1 go, Muzo, Colombia. Castniomera atymnius futilis, Walk. Castnia futilis, Walk. Cat. Lepid. Ins, Brit. Mus. vol. vii, p. 1581 (1856), 1 ¢?,“Honduras; 1 ¢, Cartago, Costa Rica. Castniomera atymnius ecuadorensis, Houlb. Castnia ecuadorensis, Houlb, Etud. Lépid. Comp. fase. xiii. p. 57 (1917). 1 g, Zarayaquillio, Ecuador; 1g, 1 9, Paramba, Ecuador ; 2 ¢ g, without locality. Castniomera drucei, Schaus. Castnia drucei, Schaus, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii. p. 191 (1911). 2 $ g, Costa Rica; 1 ¢, Chiriqui; 1 g, C. America. Castnia licoides, Boisd. Castnia licoides, Boisd, Spec. Gén. Lépid. Hét. p. 527, pl. i. (1874). 739, Para, Amazons; 5 ¢ g, Bantarem, Amazons. Guiana race. Among the series is a most remarkable aberration, which is entirely without the marginal orange spots of hind wing, thus giving it a strong resemblance to Castniomera atymnius. I propose the name immaculata for this form. 21 34,10 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Castnia licotdes insularis, Houlb. Castnia licoides, form insularis, Houlb, Etud, Lépid. Comp. fase. xv. p. 235 (1918), 1 3, St. Ann’s, Trinidad. Castnia licoides peruviana, subsp. n. I give this name to the subspecies from Peru, which has already been described and figured by Houlbert [ Etud, Lépid. Comp. fase. xv. p. 235, pl. U. fig. 77 (1918)]. 74 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniinz in the This race can quite easily be distinguished by its large size and the greater extent of white on the hind wings, 11 ¢ g, Rio Tono, C. Peru; 6 g g,; La Merced, C. Peru. Ecuador race. This race seems to be very variable as regards the size and number of marginal orange spots of hind wing. I have not sufficient material before me to venture to give it a name. 438,192, Zarayaquillo, Ecuador; 1g, Paramba, Ecuador. Castnia licoides, ab. lico/della, Strand. Castnia licus licoidella, Strand, in Seitz, Macrolep. Erde, vol. vi. p. 8, pl. ii. d (1913). Iam quite of the opinion of Lord Rothschild [Novitat. Zool. xxvi. p. 9 (1919)] that licotdella, Strand, is nothing more than an aberration of lico¢des, Boisd., and is to be found among all the races of that species. Houlbert only knew of specimens of licoidel/a from Peru, and as he had a long series —twenty specimens—before him, it is not surprising that he took it to be a distinct species. I am, however, able to add several new localities for this form, and I think if all Lepidopterists who possess it would carefully examine the localities of their specimens that other localities would probably be added to its already known habitat. 6 gg, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 g, St. Ann’s, Trinidad; 1 g, Villavicencia, Colombia; 2 gg, Ecuador ; 1 g, Canelos, Ecuador. Castnia albomaculata, Houlb. Castnia albomaculata, Houlb, Etud, Lépid. Comp. fase. xiii. p. 59, pl. iv. (1917). 3 og, La Merced, C. Peru; 1 g, Rio Tono, C. Peru. Castnia albomaculata talboti, subsp. n. Differs from typical form in having white band of fore wing somewhat narrower and in the subapical white spots not being so sharply defined; the white band of hind wing more continuous and less broken near costa than in the Peruvian form. 2 63, Zarayaquilla, Ecuador. Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 75 Erythrocastnia syphan, Fabr. Papilio syphax, Fabr. Syst. Entom, p. 480. no. 165 (1775). In the long series from French Guiana there appears to be but little variation, most of them having the black pateh in the red border of hind wing at anal angle well marked ; but one specimen is without it, and therefore agrees with the Amazonian race. There are two specimens of a curious aberration which has the oblique white band of fore wing interrupted at veins 2 and 3; for this aberration I propose the name of interrupta. 26 6 go, 6 2 3, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 g, Brazil? This locality is probably erroneous ; the specimen was received from a German dealer bearing the ticket “Castnia syphax, var. 9, Brasil.” It is a male, and has the anal black patch in red border of hind wing well defined. Erythrocastnia syphax completa, subsp. n. This subspecies differs from the typical Guiana form in wanting the anal black patch in red border of hind wing. As already noticed, it occurs as an aberration in Guiana, but in the Amazon district it is the typical form. One of the specimens from Santarem resembles the aberration interrupta described above, inasmuch as it has the oblique white band of fore wing interrupted at vein 2. 23 3 (type), Santarem, Amazons; 2 ¢ 3g, Para, Amazons. Xanthocastnia evalthe, Fabr. Papilio evalthe, Fabry. Syst. Entom. p. 480. no. 166 (1775). I think that allowance should always be made for the roughness of Cramer’s figures. Lord Rothschild has already pointed out [Novitat. Zool. xxvi. p. 1 (1919)] that, though the originals in the British Museum are very well drawn, that the reproductions are often very coarsely executed; I therefore adopt the name of evalthe, Fabr., for the form from French Guiana, and consider the name of evaltheiformis, Houlb., to be merely a synonym. 8 $6 3,13 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 ¢, no locality. Xanthocastnia evalthe quadrata, Rothsch. Castnia (Xanthocastnia) evalthe quadrata, Rothsch. Novitat. Zool. xxvi. p. 10 (1919). One specimen from Ecuador wants tle characteristic cellular yellow spot on underside of hind wing. 76 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniins tn the One female is remarkable in having the black of hind wing shot with steel-blue. 238, Zarayaquillio, Ecuador ; 1g, 3 $ 9, Chancha- mayo, C. Peru; 1 ¢, San Luis, C. Peru; 1 ¢, Rio Tono, ©, Peru; 1 ¢,1 2, La Merced, C. Peru. Xanthocastnia evalthe evalthonida, Houlb. Castnia evalthonida, Houlb. Etud. Lépid. Comp. fase, xiii, pl. iv. fig. 5 (1917). 1 ¢ , Colombia. Xanthocastnia evalthe cuyabensis, subsp. n. _ Fore wing of male not differing from that of the typical form. Hind wing with the three anterior spots of the discal band larger than in typical evalthe ; on the underside the spot in cellule 5 is smaller than the others. In one male the outer band of the fore wing extends to just below vein 4, and in the other it nearly touches vein 3 ; the red spots and red anal patch are variable in this species. The principal difference between the female of this form and the type is in the slightly wider subapical band of fore wing and in tlie discal band being equally wide at anal angle as on costa. 1 2, River System, Cuyaba Corumba, Matto Grosso. I am indebted to Mr. G. Talbot for the description of the male of this new form, the type of which is in the collection of Mr. Joicey, together with another specimen, the two being from the same locality as the female in Madame Fournier’s collection. Graya dalmanii, Gray. Castnia dalmanti, Gray, Trans. Ent. Lond. 1837, p. 145. One specimen has the black spots in marginal red border of hind wing well separated. 4 3 3g, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Athis hegemon, Koll. Castnia hegemon, Koll, Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 217, pl. xiii. fig. 2 (1839). 8 33,3 9 3, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Athis fons-colombet, Godt. Castnia fons-colombei, Godt. Enc. Méth, vol. ix. p. 799. no, 13 (1824). This species shows considerable variation in the apical me feaky oe Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 77 black markings of hind wing above ; some specimens have the double series, marginal and submarginal, well developed ; others have the submarginal series wanting, and, again, others lack the marginal series. At present I have not seen an example which entirely wants both series, but one specimen in Madame Fournier’s collection has the submarginal spots barely indicated by reddish scales, and the marginal spots are but very slightly developed, being represented only by black scaling on the nervules. 21 383,42 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 g, no locality. Athis fabricit boisduvalii, Walk. Castnia boisduvalii, Walk, List Lepid. Ins. Brit, Mus. pt. i. p. 27 (1854). 533,22 9, Brazil. Athis fabricii papagaya, Westw. Castnia papagaya, Westw. Trans. Linn. Soc, Lond. 1877, p. 170, pl. xxx. fig. 6. Baar oe 2 2. brazil. Athis fournieri, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 1.) 3. Upperside: fore wing dark chocolate-brown, the discal area bearing the characteristic horseshoe-shaped mark of this group, this mark being reddish orange in colour; marginal area slightly paler and suffused with reddish-orange scales ; three subapical transparent spots, of which the upper is the smallest and the centre the largest. Hind wing reddish orange, basal third black except costal area; discal wide pale yellow band from inner margin, shading off into the reddish- orange ground-colour just beyond vein 6; submarginal wide black band from inner angle to near vein 8; a black spot beyond at apex ; veins between this black band and margin widely bordered with black. Underside: fore wing orange-brown, apex chocolate-brown, inner margin shining greyish; a chocolate-brown costal patch at end of cell, lower part of this pateh black; a sub- marginal black bar from vein 1 to vein 4; transparent spots as above. Hind wing cream-colour, suffused with reddish brown on costal area; a reddish-brown band from costa to end of cell; a wide, marginal, reddish-brown band, of which the upper half is suffused with cream, and a series of sub- marginal pale creamy-red spots, diminishing in size towards anal angle, 78 Mr, P. I. Lathy on the Castniinze in the Basal part of abdomen black, the rest pale yellow ringed with Hak: anal tuft orange-brown. 1 g, Ecuador. This species seems to be nearest to A. herrichii, Boisd., but may easily be distinguished by the orange hind wing, which bears a most remarkable resemblance to that of Aciloa pala- tinus ferruginosa, Lathy. Athis orestis, Walk. Castnia orestes, Walk. List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 26 (1854). 3 3 8, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 g, Brazil. Paysandisia josepha, Oberth. Castnia josepha, Oberth. Etud. Lép. Comp. -1913, vol. ix. 1, p. 68, pl. celvii. fig. 2164 ¢, 2165 Q. 1 ¢, Paysandu, Uruguay. Elina icarus, Cram. Papilio icarus, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. p. 26, pl. xviii. figs. A, B (1775), In the long series from Guiana before me I find several specimens that have discal and submarginal white spots in apical area of hind wings above. 20 63,7 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Elina icarus penelope, Schauf. Castnia penelope, Schauf, Nunquam Otiosus, p. 9, pl. i. (1870). 1 g, Santarem, Amazons. Elina icarus endelechia, Druce. Castnia endelechia, Druce, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 280. 2 3 3g, Sapucay, Paraguay. Elina eudesmia, Gray. Castnia eudesmia, Gray, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1838, p. 145. 1 g, Valparaiso, Chili ; 1 9, Central Chili. Ceretes marcel-serresi, Godt. Castnia marcel-serres, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 800 (1824). 1 g,4 2 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 g¢, Santa Cathie- rina, Brazil; 1 g, no locality. ) Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 79 Ceretes thais, Drury. Papilio thais, Drury, Tl. Nat, Hist. iii. p. 20, pl. xvi. fig. 4 (1782). I quite agree with Lord Rothschild and Mr. Talbot that gracillima, Houlb., is nothing but a slight aberration of thais, Drury, and not a local race. Madame Fournier has seven females from Rio de Janeiro, and therefore, according to Houlbert, these should be gracillima ; but only two out of these seven can possibly be referred to this form—tlie others are thais, Drury. 233,72 ¢, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil; 1 9,1 2, Brazil; 1 g, no locality. Sympalamides phalaris mygdon, Dalm. Castnia mygdon, Dalm. Vet. Handb, Act. Holm. 1824, p. 403. no, 13, pl. i. fig. 2. 1 g, no locality. Sympalamides phalaris mimon, Hiibn. Sympalamides mimon, Hiibn, Samml, Exot. Schmett. vol. ii. pl. exlii. figs. 1, 2 (1822-24). Very variable as to colour, some specimens being much paler than others ; the spots of the hind wing vary from white to buffish. 1734, 322, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2 gg, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 3g g,1 2, no locality. Sympalamides phalaris sora, Druce. Castnia sora, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvii. p. 217 (1896). 1 3, Sapucay, Paraguay. Ypanema hiibneri, Boisd. Castnia hiibneri, Boisd. in Latr. in Cuy. Régne Anim. vol. iii. p. 439, pl. xx. fig. 2 (1830). 1g, Nivac, Matto Grosso; 1 g, Brazil; 19,19, no locality. é, Ypanema godartii, Mén. Castnia godartii, Mén. Descr. Nouv. Esp. Lepid. Mus, Petr. pt. iii. p- 130. no, 1462, pl. xi. fig. 4 (1863). 1 ¢, Theresopolis, Brazil. = 80 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniine in the Ypanema decussata, Godt. Castnia decussata, Godt. Enc. Méth. vol. ix. p. 799 (1824). 728,42 9, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; 2 ¢, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; 1g, Brazil; 2 gg, no locality. Schaefferia amycus, Cram. Papilio amycus, Cram. Pap. Exot. vol. iii. p. 60, pl. eexxvii. figs. D, E (1779). 1 ¢, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Schaefferia amycus alboinsignita, Strand. Castnia amycus, form alboinsignita, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 13, pl. v. d (1913), 2 3 3, no locality. Aciloa inca, Walk. Castnia inca, Walk. List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 24. no. 22. 1 g, Honduras. Aciloa inca orizabensis, Strand. Castnia clitarcha, form orizabensis, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 11, pl. viii. e (1918). 2 3 3, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Aciloa palatinus, Cram. Papilio palatinus, Cram. Pap, Exot. vol. ii. p. 98, pl. clix. figs. B, C (1777). M. Houlbert divides this genus into two sections, which he distinguishes only by the subapical transparent spots of fore wing, one section having but one of these spots and the other two. In the former section he places A. palatinus, but at the same time (p. 457) he states that this species occasionally has the second spot. ‘he submarginal pale spots in black border of hind wing vary considerably in size. 48 g g,12 2 2, Lower Maroni, I'rench Guiana. Aciloa palatinus pallida, subsp. n. This race differs from typical palatinus in being paler and in the median band of hind wing being white instead of yellow. 23g, St. Ann’s, Trinidad. Ee Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 81 Aciloa palatinus ferruginosa, subsp. n. Differs from typical palatinus and the race palatinoides in having the ground-colour of fore wings above much redder ; the submarginal reddish-brown spots of hind wing are tri- angular and touch at their bases ; the ground-colour of the fore wing below is uniform dull orange, without the brown apical area of the other forms. In palatinus and its known races the costal black patch contains an orange patch at its lower end ; in the new race the costal patch is entirely black and there are two black spots between veins 2 and 3, of which the upper is the larger. Hind wing below similar to that of palatinus, but more reddish in tint, the submarginal band black, 1 2, Chanchamayo, Peru. Aciloa superba'orientalis, subsp. n. This race differs from the figure given by Strand in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 11, pl. v. a (1913), in having the fore wing considerably darker. Strand’s fizure shows a discal area pale yellow; in the new race this area is dark plumbeous grey and corresponds to the colour of the sub- basal area of Strand’s figure. The subapical spots are not of equal size, the lower being twice that of the upper; the yellow band of hind wing is narrower and the marginal spots smaller and well separated. Strand does not figure the underside, and his description (loc. cit. p. 12) is very short ; I therefore give a detailed description of the new race :— Fore wing: basal third orange-brown; a large costal black patch at end of cell, subbasal black patch on vein 2 ; median band yellow, becoming orange towards costa, apical area dark brown, subapical pale spots as above; a submarginal black band, commencing on inner margin and extending or gradu- ally narrowing to a point to vein 6; this band inwardly edged with narrow orange band and outwardly with orange patches, . Hind wing yellowish white, with wide, marginal, reddish- brown border ; submarginal spots as above, but more yellow ; black patch at anal angle; obscure reddish-brown patch on discal area extending from costa to cell. 1 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Imara pallasia, Esch. Castnia pallasia, Esch. Kotzeb. Reise, vol. iii. p. 27, pl. vi. fig. 27 (1821). This species is very variable as to white band, and also as Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 6 82 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniine in the to red spotting, of hind wing, and I feel sure that with a long series one would find all forms of passage from typical pallasia to a form almost without red, and from the wide- banded variety to the extreme form umbratula, which has_ black hind wings, 1 g,1 2, n0 locality; 1 ¢, Santa Catharina: these are typical pallusia. 12 88, 2 2 9, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil : form lativitia, Strand. 192, Sao Paulo, Brazil: form ni grescens, Houlb. 2 9 3,1 ¢, without locality: form umbra- tula, Strand. Imara satrapes, Koll, Castnia satrapes, Koll. Aun. Wien. Mus. i. p. 216, pl. xii. fig. 3 (1839). The specimen in the collection before me agrees almost exactly with Westwood’s figure [Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. ii, Zool. vol. i. tab. xxxi. fig. 4 (1875)]; the subapical spots of fore wing are wanting and the submarginal spots in the black border of hind wing are more reddish brown than in those of the figure. I cannot guarantee the exactitude of locality, as the specimen was purchased, and not received direct. 1 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Imara satrapes catharina, Preiss. Castnia satrapes, var. catharina, Preiss, Neue & Sett., Art. Cast. p. 7, pl. i. fig. 1, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1899). 1 g, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Prometheus cochrus, Fabr. Papilio cochrus, Fabr. Mant. Ins. pt. ii. p. 25. no, 263 (1787). The specimen from Sao Paulo differs from those from Rio in having the white markings of hind wing of more equal size, thus giving the impression of a white band rather than a white patch; the abdominal red patches are also much smaller, and in this respect resemble those of garber, Foett. 4 3g, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 g, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Prometheus garbet, Foett. Castnia garbei, Foett. Rev. Mus, Paul. vol. v. p. 639, pl. xvi. fig. 6 (1902). 53,5 2 3, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 83 Orthia therapon, Koll. Castnia therapon, Koll. Ann, Wien. Mus, vol. i. p. 218, pl. xiii. fig. 3 (1839), The principal variation of this species appears to be in the yellowish spotting of the marginal black border of hind wings. Houlbert rightly remarks [Ktud. Lép. Comp. xv. p. 505 (1918)] that this character is individual and not sexual ; Madame Fournier’s series of males varies from a specimen with but a faint indication of a yellowish spot at anal angle to another which has a series of seven spots. 11g 4,2 2 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cyanostola diva chiriquensis, Strand. Castnia diva chiriquensis, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi, p. 18 (1913). 2 2 3, Chiriqui. Cyanostola diva tricolor, Feld. Castnia tricolor, Feld. Reise ‘ Novara,’ Lépid. iy. pl. Ixxix. fig. 3 (1874). 1 ¢, Bogota, Colombia. Haemonides cronis, Cram. Papilio cronis, Cram, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. p. 125, pl. clxxviii. fig. A (1777). This species appears to be exceedingly rare, and, with the scanty material to work upon, it is very difficult to say whether there are several races or not. Houlbert had appa- rently no specimen for examination, and was only acquainted with the various figures. I am inclined to think that Cramer’s figure, without black band on hind wing below, represents an extreme aberration, and that Strand’s figure in Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. pl. vi. e (1913), represents the other extreme with heavy black band on hind wing below. The two females before me are intermediate between these two, and one of these has the band slightly more accentuated than the other. Therefore I think this character is of no specific value whatever, and of doubtful subspecitic value ; one of the females has the nervular white rays of fore wing well marked, as in Cramer’s figure. The males have the underside of hind wing entirely without dark band; the two specimens differ slightly, inasmuch as one of them somewhat resembles the female in 6* 84 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniine in the having the black margin of hind wing feebly dentated at the nervules, in the other this dentation is only noticeable at apex. 23,2 9 %, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Haemonides cronida, Herr.-Schiiff. Castnia cronida, Herr.-Schaff. Samml. Auss. Schmett. p. 56, ‘Pi. lvii. fig. 142 (1850-69), Variable as to number of yellowish-white spots in marginal black border of hind wing. In one specimen these are almost absent, in another seven well-marked spots are visible, all intermediate forms being represented. This remark applies only to the males; all the females before me have at least six well-defined spots. 30 ¢ g,13 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Herrichia acraeotdes, Gray. Castnia acraeoides, G. R. Gray, in Griffith, Anim. Kingd. y. pl. liii. fic. 4 (1832). 1 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Tephrostola gramivora, Schaus. Castnia gramivora, Schaus, Journ. New York Entom. Soc. vol. iy. no. 4, p. 147 (1896). 1 ¢, Castro, Parana. Cabirus linus, Cram. (PI. IV. fig. 2.) Papilio linus, Cram. Pap. Exot. vol. ili. p. 111, pl. eelvii. fig. A (1779). 12 8 8,9 2 3, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. Cabirus linus obidonus, Rothsch. Castnia ( Cabirus) linus obidonus, Rothsch, Noy. Zool. xxvi. p. 24 (1919). 1 g, Obidos, Amazons. Cabirus linus peruviana, Strand. Castna linus peruviana, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 14 (1913). 1 ?, Chanchamayo, Peru. | Collection of Madame Gaston Fournter. 85 Cabirus linus dodona, Druce. Castmia dodona, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (6) xvii. p. 218 (1896). 1 g, Ecuador. Cabirus linus micha, Drace. Castma micha, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvii. p. 217 (1896). 1 3,1 3, Sapucay, Paraguay. Cabirus linus heliconoides, H.-S. Castnia heliconoides, H.-S. Saroml. ausseur. Schmett. p. 56, pl. xxviii. fig. 15 (1853). 33 5,2 2 ?, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 9, Brazil. Cabirus omissus, Rothsch. (PI. LV. fig. 3.) Castnia (Cabirus) linus omissus, Rothsch. Nov. Zool. xxvi p. 24 (1919). ; When Lord Rothschild described this as a subspecies of C. linus, Cram., he had before him but three specimens of C. linus—two from Datch Guiana and one without locality, — while all his omissus were from French and British Guiana. Madame Fournier has, however, a series of C. linus from r French Guiana, taken at the same time and place as the long series of C. omissus; therefore there can be no question of omissus being a local race of linus. Dr. Jordan, who has been kind enough to examine the types in the Tring Museum for me, suggests that the difference between linus and omissus may be dimorphic, and his examination of the genitalia resulted in finding no difference between them except in the size of the penis- sheath, which he states: may be due to contraction; two omissus and one linus were examined. For the present I have regarded omissus as a species; it would be interesting if Lepidopterists who possess long series of the southern and western races of C. linus would carefully examine tliem, in order to find if the omissus form occurs in all localities with it; up to the present I only find omissus in Guiana and the Lower Amazon. Apart from the distinguishing characters given by Roth- schild, the nervules of the hind wing of Jinus are clothed with black scales—in omissus this is not so. Also in linus veins 4 and 5 of hind wing are well separated where emitted from cell, and in omissus they are close together. 273 3,722, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 g, Brazil? 86 Mr. P. I. Lathy on Castniine. Cabirus omissus fassli, subsp, n. May be separated from typical race by the much larger subapical hyaline patch of fore wing and larger submarginal hyaline spots of hina wing. 1 3, Tapajos, Amazons (type) ; 1 ¢, Obidos, Amazons. Boisduvalia melanolimbata, Strand. Castnia melanolimbata, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vi. p. 15, pl. viii. e (1913). This species is exceedingly variable, as might be expected ina Castnia mimicking a Melinaea. In the series before me I find males as pale as the female figured by Houlbert (Etud. Lép. Comp. fase. xv. pl. edlix. fig. 3841) and one female as dark as the male figured on same plate (fig. 3840) ; one male has submarginal row of pale yellow spots, and others have but one or two, while the majority want them entirely. The amount of black on hind wing is also very variable, some specimens having nearly all the wing black, and from these are all variations to a specimen which has but a slight suffusion of black scales. 218,12, Rio Tono, C. Peru; 6346, 22 2, La Merced, C. Peru; 2 @¢, 1 2, Chanchamayo, C, Peru; 2 $3, Utcuyacu, C. Peru. Boisduvalia tarapotensis, Preiss, Castnia tarapotensis, Preiss, Neue & Selt., Art. Castnia, p. 10, pl. vi. fig. 5, pl. vii. fig. 11 (1899). 1 9, Upper Amazons. Gazera zagraea, Feld. Castnia zagraea, Feld. Reise ‘ Novara,’ Lépid. iy. pl. Ixxix. fig. 2 (1875). 29 ¢, Chirigul. Gazera hahneli canelorina, Strand. Castnia canelorina, Strand, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana, 1914, p. 24, Taf. x. fig. 3. 1 2, no locality. Nasca pelasgus, Cram. Papilio pelasgus, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii. p. 16, pl. ecii. fig. D (1779). 2 9 ¢, Lower Maroni, French Guiana. LATHY clnn. & Mag. Nat. Fist. S. Ono ies. Eee. Castniinz in the Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier 1. Athis fournieri, sp. n. 2. Cabirus linus, Cram. 3. Cabirus omissus, Rothsch. / * ’ oe Ce —__ oss New Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam, 87 V.—New Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. By Hersert C. Rosinson and C. Bopen Kross. In this paper are described most of the new forms obtained by one of us during a visit to South Annam and Cochin China in 1918, others secured by our collector during a journey down the Mekong River in 1920, and two races of squirrels obtained at earlier dates in Siam and Cambodia. 1. Tupaia glis cochinchinensis, subsp. n. Rather smaller than T. g. concolor, Bonhote, of South Annam, browner and less olivaceous, being much more richly coloured—the buff element in the pelage of concolor being everywhere replaced by deep ochraceous buff (almost ochraceous orange). Darker and more richly coloured also than T. g. cambodiana, Kloss, from the coast of Cambodia, which is olivaceous on the shoulders with a buffy neck-stripe and less rusty on the rump. Mammz 3—3=6, as in both the others. T. g. cochinchinensis is at times profusely blackened on the posterior back, as also is 7. g. concolor. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Trang- ' bom, 30 miles east of Saigon, Cochin China, on Ist June, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 8622/CBK. , Specimens examined.—Five from the ty pe-locality compared with ten examples of concolor and seven of cambodiana. For measurements see table on p. 89. 2. Tupaia dissimilis annamensis, subsp. n. Like 7. d. dissimilis (Ellis, in Grey) of Pulo Condore off the south-east coast of Cochin China, but the whitish ocular borders and neck-stripes more distinct; as a series less suffused with rusty above and on the tails, which are also distinctly darker beneath, i. e., blacker. Upper parts a grizzle of black and buff, darkest on the head and suffused with ochraceous tawny on the rump: feet finely grizzled black and buff. Under parts and inner sides of limbs buff to cream-colour. _Tail coarsely annulated buff and black, the latter in excess; the lower median line dull buffy. Mamme 3—3=6. &8 Messrs. H. (. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on The skull is short-snouted, of the kind figured as chinensis and cuyonis by Lyon (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlv. 1913, pl. viii. fig. 1, pl. ix. fig. 1). Type—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Daban, South Annam, 659 ft., on 14th March, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3204/CBK. Specimens examined.—Four from the type-locality com- pared with twenty from Pulo Condore. Remarks.—The difference between this and the typical race is very slight; but taken as a series the twenty island- animals are much more ferruginous. It appears necessary to regard J’. dissimilis as a distinct species, since its representative in Annam occurs side by side with concolor, which is undoubtedly only a race of T. glis. For measurements see table on p. 89. 3. Crocidura indochinensis, sp. 0. Very much smaller and darker than C. fuliginosa, Blyth (type compared). Viewed with the head pointing to the left and the light from the front : above deep neutral grey, the upper portion of the hairs warm clove-brown—the general effect being greyish clove-brown, slightly grizzled ; beneath dark mouse- grey. With the head pointing to the light the under body appears frosted, 7. e., dark grey suffused with silvery. A few brownish: hairs on the feet. Tail paler below than above, clad beneath with short scattered silvery hairs: a few longish hairs near the base. External measurements taken in the flesh :— Head and body 59 (?) mm.; tail 50; hind foot 12°2; ear 9. Skull: greatest length 17:2; front of incisors to posterior extremity of skull 17:7; basal length 15:1; palatal length 6°9; maxillary tooth-row to tip of incisors 7-4; breadth of rostrum between lachrymal foramina 3; greatest breadth of palate-expansion outside molars 5°5; mastoid breadth 8-1 ; length of mandible including incisors 10°8. Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Dalat, Langbian Plateau, South Annam, 5000 ft., on 7th April, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 8359/CBK. The only specimen obtained. new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. 89 | j | ! ce ie Bela |=|s| : = a B lsala bes [rg | he S agin |ky|s 5 > | : 5 H pes ol a |e |e age eres | Species. Sex| & | T.| Hf) E.] ¢|/s | laa Bis al o | | Remarks, B. | ) Jo] ®| § tssi2 e8 a] & | 2 | Bi/S2i\ as l/Fs8\&sly3| =] s | e Sila Sie ol Sw! =| ~ a on Danulom|H a S = ¢13|s laalocles| 5 | 8 | 2) 2\a lariea3/os| 2 | 2] S/elaP Ie im = oN | Tupaia glis co- | | | Tupaia dissimilis annamensis .... & 180/182) 41 pk 49 | 46 Fe 15°1| 19°5} 6°8 147 25°2) 3204/CBK. chinchinensis.... 2 | 188|182| 47 |18 | 53'3} 49 | 28 a 22°7| 7°7 | 15°2| 27:2) 3622/CBK. j | | . | 4. Ratufa bicolor smithi, subsp. n. A large race of F. bicolor (Sparmm.), differing from the typical form in having the back almost entirely buffy, the tail black, and the yellow of the limbs sharply margined. Below antimony-yellow to warm buff extending over the sides of the head and neck to the bases of the ears, over the upper part of the fore-limbs from thumb to shoulder aud frequently over the upper side of the hind feet. Eyelids, a long moustachial stripe passing through the roots of the vibrissze, nose, lips, and two spots ou the chin black. Remainder of pelage varying from black to brown, except for a brownish-buff patch between the ears and the whole of the dorsal area from nape to rump, where all the hairs have long buffy tips ; generally, but not always, there is a line of clear black between the buff of the upper and Jower parts. The buft-tipped hairs extend over part of the thighs, but rarely to shoulders or fore-limbs. Feet and tail generally clear black, though sometimes the tail-hairs are tipped with rusty brown, while the extremity bleaches to a pale colour. There is a good deal of variation in the yellow of the back: in fresh pelage it is buff, but it becomes chamois- coloured, and in very abraded examples disappears altogether. The yellow of the sides of the face and neck and of the throat is sometimes a little paler than elsewhere. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected on the Langbian Peaks, South Annam, 6000 ft., on 22nd April, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3501/CBK. 90 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on Specimens examined.—Three from the type-locality ; one from Arbre Broyé, 5400 ft., three from Dalat, 4500 ft., and two from Dran, 3000 ft., Langbian Mountains. Remarks.—The general colour and pattern of this animal, except for the heavy buff mantle, are those of the Javan and Continental black-and-tan squirrels ; the yellow back allies it specially to the typical bicolor, while in the black tail it is like other mainland forms. It emphatically shows that the latter are only subspecies of Ratufa bicolor. The largest example obtained has a skull length and breadth of 79 and 50 mm. respectively. (Named after my companion in Annam, Dr. Malcolm Smith, C.B.K.) For measurements see table on p. 93. 5. Callosciurus ferrugineus williamsoni, subsp. n. Above : head and body burnt-sienna to orange-rufous; a few black-tipped hairs on the head and ears, but nowhere any grizzled areas. Feet like limbs. Base of fur on body and limbs blackish. Chin and sides of neck ochraceous orange ; remaining under parts orange-rufous washed with bay to deep bay sharply margined from the colour of the sides, ete. Even in the palest-bellied examples the margination can be traced. Genital region partly orange-rufous. Tail with proximal half bay to chestnut, but the hairs at their bases and the whole of the distal part of the tail ochraceous orange. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) obtained at Khet Don Heing, northern bank of the Mekong just below Xieng Khan on the Paklai loop, on 31st January, 1920, by H. C, Robinson and C. Boden Kloss’s collector. No. 7183/8. The type is an intermediate example: the extremes described above are a male and female, Nos. 7188 and 7191/S from Ban Na Tung, north bank of the Mekong just below Vien Chan (Vien Tian), on 8th February, 1920. Specimens examined.—Seventeen from the north bank of the Mekong River between Muang Liep, lat. 18° 14’ N., and Ban Manao, long. 104° E., a little south of the mouth of the Pak Sa tributary. 6. Callosciurus ferrugineus herberti, subsp. n. A good deal of black on the feet and tail; chin, outer sides of head, neck, and limbs grizzled olivaceous. . new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam, 91 Beneath ochraceous orange, slightly washed with bay on the abdomen, to bay; distinctly margined on the sides, Above varying from burnt-sienna grizzled with black, chestnut on the rump and darkest on the median line, to rufous with the median line chestnut ; a pale rufous thigh- patch. Tail ochraceous orange to chestnut much blackened ; terminal portion creamy to ochraceous orange. Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) obtained at Hup Bon, near Sriracha, S.E. Siam, on 25th July, 1915, by Mr. E. G. Herbert’s collector, No. 2017/CBK. ‘The type is the darker extreme, the paler specimen, No. 2018/CBK, has the same history and was collected on 27th July. For measurements see table on p. 93. 7. Callosciurus ferrugineus pierrei, subsp. n. Like the form inhabiting Cambodia, but decidedly darker, especially on the median area of the back, limbs not annu- lated or grizzled; sides of the head and muzzle dark grizzled black and ferruginous, very black in the neigh- bourhood of the vibrissze. Tail with a clear pale buffy tip. Feet and hands rather lighter than the rest of the pelage, ungrizzled. Type. —Adult (skin and imperfect skull) collected by Pierre on Phu Quoc Island, off the coast of Cambodia, in February 1874 (ex Paris Museum). Brit. Mus. No. 78, 6. 17. 27. Measurements.— Hind foot (dry) 47°5 mm. Skull: palatilar length 23-2 ; diastema 130; upper molar row including pm‘ (alveolar) 11°0 ; least interorbital breadth 19-2; zygomatic breadth 34:0; median nasal length 17:3. 8. Callosciurus ferrugineus phanrangis, subsp. n. Above a grizzle of black and pale buff, blackest along the median line, the general effect being a buffy grey changing through pale buff and ivory to white on the feet. Top of muzzle and sides of head paler grey, ears brighter and more buffy, their bases at the back whitish grey. Chin and sides of neck buffy greyish, remaining under parts cream-colour to warm buff. ‘Tail like upper parts, but more coarsely annulated. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) with moderately- worn teeth, collected at Tour Cham, near Phanrang, S. Annam, on 23rd May, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3660/CBK. 92 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on Specimens examined.—Hight from the type-locality, two taken in March and six in May. Remarks.—This is a depauperated form of S.f. griseimanus (M.-Edw.), inhabiting the sterile coastal plain of Phaurang. Its range inland is limited by the forested hills, 10-20 miles to the west, where S. f. griseimanus occurs. For measurements see table on p. 93. 9. Tamiops macclellandi laotum, subsp. n. Outer pale stripes interrupted on the shoulders, only the median stripe black, under parts cream-colour. Above a fine grizzle of black and buffy, the general colour effect being brownish grey. A median dark stripe com- mencing behind the shoulders, bordered by greyish-buffy stripes more buffy than the head, these in turn bordered externally by ferruginous stripes speckled with black deeper than the head ; below these come buff stripes, followed below by stripes the same colour as above. A buff stripe from the muzzle along the sides of the neck. Hind feet buffy, more so than the fore feet. Hairs of ears with white tips and black bases. Below creamy, the hairs with grey bases. Tail annulated black and ochraceous, the hair tipped with pale buff. The series varies: the most north-easterly examples are darkest and have the dark dorsal stripes most intense— in one instance the outer pair being almost black; the southernmost specimens are palish and most buffy, one especially (No. 7238/S from Ban Houei Huo Chang) practically lacking any rufous suffusion above. Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) obtained at Pak Hin Bun, Laos, on the Mekong (iat. 17° 35’ N.) on 2nd March, 1920, by H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss’s collector. No. 7235/8. Specimens examined.—The type: ten specimens from be- tween Pak Hin Bun and Ban Na Sao, 40 miles to the north-east ; and four from between Pak Hin Bun and Savanaket, 60 miles down river, from the Laos bank or islands in mid-stream. For measurements see table on p. 93. 10. Tamiops macclellandi moi, subsp. nu. Like 7. m. lao, but darker above ; upper parts more suffused with ferrugiuous, so that, in addition to being more 93 new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam, “TLIO M yea “MAO/FEes “TLTOM 199L “MAO/essLZ “THIO.M ATOTR.ALAPOUT HeaL “MAO/0998 “TIOMON (300, “MAO/Z01G “m0. {7a}BIEpo Ur qeaL = 8 /S8IZ “uIO.M ATayRLapoUt qeaL “Mao/Loss ‘syreUay - G L-91 9 OL |¢-0T 0G 2-06 Os ie tke GL | 8-66 S-6L ZT |&Il |861 18 | G-h% FL |G9L 66 [i asi ee eae a3 2 oo e = a} _ qa oe s = g — i) a @ ad a > ® o 8 B EB ee j=} — 2 a a =o : — 2 ok : > 7) ~ o g & 4 666 | 0-98 9-66 | 8-98 IP 6P Q-Gb |&-F9 GP 8g ‘9 92 e| 2 gB| & 09 “4 io oo w Be’? er i pg — 3 z ree. nal él ~— “a 19 | GLT| Set} & |** sow = “i e@ 1G6 |SIL] B | Mayon) ipunjeponu sdouud J, PP OPL| L1G] d |sebunuunyd “ 7 Lb 186L| LFS] P | wequay “ Us 2uOsuLDYUN QF | FGS1S1z| 4 snauhndaf 8nLNwI80))VO 68 |00¢| GTR] & [°° '* 2yznus sopo09 nfrymy ‘a TH| ‘L| Y |'Xes ‘soroedg TH 94 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C, Boden Kloss on richly-coloured generally, the yellow stripes are ochraceous instead of buff, while the rump and the outer pair of dorsal stripes are a brighter brown. Type.—Adult male (sin and skull) collected on Langbian Peaks, South Annam, 5500-6500 ft., on 25th April, 1918, - by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3524/CBK. Specimens examined.—Hight from the type-locality ; two ‘from Arbre Broyé, 5400 ft.; seven from Dalat, 4500 ft. ; and two from Dran, 3000 ft., Langbian Mountains. For measurements see table on p. 93. 1]. Rattus edwardsi milleti, subsp. n. Above dark brown (between bone-brown and clove-brown), darkest down the median line, paler and greyer on the limbs (dark hair-brown), and also on the sides, which are grizzled witb dull buff; sides of neck rather brighter, tinged with buffy brown. Entire lower surface and inner sides of limbs sharply margined white except for a broad hair-brown band across the ankles of the hind feet and the hair near the base of the tail. Tail dark throughout above, paler below, but least so proximally. Feet dark, the margins and digits pale. Mamme 2—2=8. Pelage of the back composed of soft hairs and slender flattened spines. Skull like that of the Malayan form R. e. cilialus (Bon- hote), but with interparietal longer and less straight anteriorly and bull larger. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Dalat, Langbian Plateau, S. Annam, 5000 ft., on 11th April, 1918. No. 3393/CBK. Remarks.—At a casual glance the colour and pelage of this animal suggest relationship with the Jowersi group of rats with ivory-coloured incisors. It has, however, nothing to do with them, but is aremarkably distinct race of 2. edwardsi, other forms of which are ciliatus, mentioned above, and setiger, Robinson & Kloss, of Sumatra. (Named in honour of Monsieur F. Millet, who gave me the only specimen obtained. I am greatly indebted to Monsieur Millet for assistance and hospitality during my visit to the Langbian Plateau.— C. B. K.) For measurements see table on p. 98. new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. 95 12. Rattus sabanus revertens, subsp. n. Colour asin R. sabanus vociferans (Miller) of Peninsular Siam, but hind foot with a narrower dark median stripe. Below ivory-yellow (one ex. juv., white). Skull with nasals longer and more truncate posteriorly, ending level with the premaxillary sutures, not pointed and falling short of them, with the frontals penetrating between the premaxillaries ; fronto-parietal suture much more curved. Type.—Male, vix ad. (skin and skull), collected at Daban, Phanrang Province, South Annam, 650 ft., on 15th March, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3219/CBK. Specimens examined.—Four from the type-locality. Remarks.—This form has a closer resemblance to R. s. vociferans than to the geographically-intermediate and more adjacent race R. v. herbert, Kloss, of East Siam. For measurements see table on p. 98. 13. Rattus moi, sp. n. Pelage very soft, close, and velvety, owing to the total absence of spines and piles; on this account not blackened as in Rattus surifer koratensis, Kloss, which occurs in the same region ; also more richly coloured above. Upper parts ochraceous orange, brightest on the middle- back, lightest on sides and fore limbs ; head tinged with greyish wood-brown ; median line and mid-back, where many of the hairs have dark tips, slightly speck'ed with blackish. Under parts of body and limbs white, sharply margined, and narrowly continuous to the feet ; muzzle brown, lips and post-vibrissal area white. Tail bicoloured with a white tip, scutes exceedingly small, 19-20 rings to the centimetre. Extreme base of tail below clad with hair like that above. Skull of the same general type as that of R. s. koratensis, but separable by narrower infraorbital foramina, owing to the more vertical position of the plates, larger interparietal, much larger palatal foramina, and less truncate interpterygoid space; rostrum markedly shallower, but the incisors more prominent laterally. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Arbre Broyé, Langbian Mountains, South Annam, 5400 ft., on 13th May, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3588/CBK. Specimens examined.—T wo from the type-locality. For measurements see table ou p. 98. 96 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on 14. Rattus bukit champa, subsp. n. Much darker than R, 6. bukit (Bonhote) of the Malay Peninsula ; bullae much larger. Nearest in colour to the dark form from the lowlands of Java, R.b. temmincki, Kloss, but posterior termination of nasals broader, palatal foramina and bull still larger. Not so bright as R. b. marinus, Kloss, from the islands Koh Chang and Koh Kut, S.E. Siam, the rostrum shorter, the interpterygoid space narrower, and the bull Jarger. Type.—Aged female (skin and skull) collected on the Langbian Peaks, South Aunam, 6000-7000 ft., on 20th April, 1920, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3474/CBK, * Specimens examined.—Thirty-four trom the type-locality ; four from Arbre Broyé, 5400 ft.; thirty-five from Dalat, 4500 ft.; two from Dran, 3000 ft., Langbian Mountains ; and three from Daban, Phanrang Province, South Annam, 650 ft. 15. Rattus blythi mekongis, subsp. n. Externally like R. d/ythi * from North Tennasserim and Western Siam, but the skull with the nasals broader posteriorly, the interparietal longer and the interpterygoid space broader. Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) obtained at Bak Mat on the Mekong River, Laos (lat. 15° 53'N.), on 20th January, 1920, by H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss’s collector. No. 7172/S. Specimens examined.—The type and another specimen from Muang Liep, 25 miles down river ; compared with seven examples of A. dblythi from near Raheng, W. Siam. Remarks.—We are not in a position to say whether /attus blythi is a distinct species or only a form of an older-named species; but to show the intimate relationship of the Mekong animal with that from Schwegyin we have referred it to blythi. For measurements see table on p. 98. 16. Rattus cremoriventer langbianis, subsp. u. Most nearly resembling FR. c. cretaceiventer, Robinson & Kloss, of Java; but a little duller in colour and the tail more finely ringed. * Rattus blythi, Kloss (Mus cinnamomeus, Blyth, nom. preoce.), Ree. Ind, Mus, xii, 1917, p.8; id. Journ, Nat, Hist. Soc, Siam, iv. 1921, p. 65. | eg SCAT new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. 97 Skull with interpterygoid space and basioccipital a little narrower; bull a little more dilated ; foramen magnum nearly circular in outline, not flattened and oval. Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected on Langbian Peaks, South Annam, 5500-6500 ft., on 28th April, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3556/CBK. Specimens examined.—T wo from the type-locality and three from Dalat, Langbian Mountains, 4500 ft. 17. Rattus molliculus, sp. n. Superficially resembling immature examples of the Annam country rat, Rattus rattus sladent (Anderson), but the upper parts totally devoid of spines, the feet paler, and the under parts varying from pure white to buffy white with visible grey bases to the hairs. Mammz 2—3=10 instead of 3—3 = 12 as in sladeni. Skull remarkably like that of R. 7. sladeni, but much less robust, especially more slender throughout. Infraorbital foramina larger, most noticeable when viewed from above ; bullz larger and more dilated and more nearly paralleled. Above “sayal” brown to buffy brown (Ridgway), streaked with blackish, paler and greyer on sides of head and body and on the limbs. Hind feet white, fore feet only a little paler than the forearms. Under parts varying from fur with grey bases and creamy tips in the older animals to pure white in the younger. Tail dark throughout, but generally clad beneath proxi- mally with short silvery hairs: about 13 rings to the centimetre at mid-length. Type.—Female vix ad. (skin and skull), collected at Daban, Phanrang Province, South Annam, 650 ft., on 23rd March, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 8267/CBK. Specimens examined.—Seven from the type-locality, one from Ban Na Kham, 1150 ft., North Siam (27 miles east of Outeradit), and one from Ban Tuoi, Laos, just below Pon Pissai on the Mekong. Remarks.—Though superficially so like immature RA. rattus, this animal has nothing to do with that species and, knowing no other to which to refer it, we must regard it as quite distinct. For measurements see table on p. 98. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. 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