=
- 7

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BUREAU OF FISHERIES

GEORGE M. BOWERS, Commissioner

THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE
PACIFIC COAST

Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 751

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1911

DOF ®.
ner Bg wat

THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST

By Joun N. Cops
Assistant Agent at the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska

Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 751

CON TENTS.

Page.

PROM ET a OE es Ae ei er a he tee as aa 5
Ty Thespecies Ui salmon and the runs... ... 2.2.2. 5.52 esc. e nec ccesent a. 6
Chinools, uinnat, OF kinP talon. : 2-2. 2.22.2 sdde s cease doe kina sed 6
Sockeye, blueback, or red salmon..............-.--...----..-...-. 8

lliviets Oly GO I Ome its OM apse teens ec seat ope ne ates ee ae 2

IMM Dae OF pInie Selim 2.4 sae su lens temta ee tiek mame oc ele a 10

Oe OY Cli, HOlMOM ees sae ase keane ssc te ae Gee pickin see 11

NS AICS CE SE 6 IN 0) 8 Heap ee en A a ee a ig

II. Fishing grounds and history of the fisheries. .............-.-2--+-+------- 12
A Gelato #4 Ko) ae Mee We Seneca ae ee rg eres a ete See Oa ee eee rae IZ
COldmipla Vel tenes = see eee eee eee ee eee eee cecee atte ce stake 13

NCR Vee eae erage ee Ie ae So Se cere et ie oe via 15

ier WA a erate cee ae eek oe eee ene ate os Poe a eee 18

SER sree oy ca euagietatererere ee ee ens SS a Semen vice Memeo dna Bre pera 21

Til, Apparatus and methods of the fisheries..................6.002000-008 23
(Gall I ate 1 neers, See eee eS ae ee eee ec eee er 23

FEL et SOT TGS oe meee See eee eee yet es Dee eee cee ee cee ee ae 24

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PRON ane ag ee ei a A eet. sgh cae ate 25

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IUBSGESCMN GH on eae are sees as cetitnciris meee ase Sees see oe 26

REL OSs Ors DOWN OLS an meetin eaten! et Ske eee te oes 27

SERS GP) pg eect oe sala eo alah ait stn GbR Sra n gs Se Sees re wd 29

eae ee eran wert kee Sian Pee emer Soe el te 30

TERS TMG US ores are ora ee Og Mage pn, ene TG i a ay Re SS eh eet 8 32
RAD na cat ne ew ee a a cae 2 ly Stes, Se end 32

DE XO) RH 115 GY 4 20), eee en eee ates a et 34

Spear and gaff ...............-.. ee ae eae oi Sere tera ie ek ae 34

ITV. .Fishermen and other employees ....-.....-...--------+++---+--++-ee eee 35
eeabashiory eeu IAtlONs 25.5<..0:0o5es292l oc. soot ne ee ee se ae eos Salo 37
Controversial Lorms. of apparawiec. 2.5.44.ccsk< fe wae oF sym res ceo cece os 37

Laws and their enforcement ...-....- eee ey ore has eee 40

Wie Methods Of preparing salmon o.......2.0-2cbendanuwececcatssessectedenees 46
IB VATA eee re ere ae ie ee epee see ee ee 46

Early days of the industry ...-.... Ee ee eee ee ee 46

Hendin’ th caso. 24 ase eae oe eo ee aa eee 49

PRPeGeII 2 dee oop esl? cae Ss oe een Seas e es Medea a cee 50

0a Estey aa SS. ey are ere 50

rer) 4 ieaRe E Sn ? O oe eR e 51

BE Vda f ean HeLa: 9.01: eee ge Rap oe EO SO oe 51

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Ree CNR eet he ing ate = aaah a ay eee ee ht a ee ot 53

IRR he 2 i ete neh Soa eee tee asec 54

Bre it 9298) oa oe eae ames Boel cee Ce ed Ao 54

a

CONTENTS.

VI. Methods of preparing salmon—Continued.

Canning—Continued.
Satutary, or solderless; cans 2.25225: ..65-. see eemsee sa eeeee us
Repainiie Cans sso sse5 Sek cose aetna nae Sameer eme atetaree emis
DGG UCTING <2 co ekaen sai ne eee ec = eee ee eee a
B BP 6) :) 0h 21+ er en e e ae etee ea ert eee aera ar Oo eee ee
IDFA CS: cx css aeiecrs ace Sosa are See ee eer
Boxing Or Casin fees = ee ee eee
(Gana malo 7s 29 te oe = = es
Mads eran 0 2a Ic ye ee
PICKING 2 6 5s a5 es See ee ee
Dry: Salvin? .2t.6<05. 32dcos bese seme tse ee rae ee ee ee
Smokin Qc 2hce Css Sachs bed a cee ee Oe ee
HP COZIN Geers e cba: cand ottyarisie tet tcke rs ae eee
Miseellancors pragucis) <35.2c6cccasc sana pomee se eee eae
Oil aad terialiget uc <2} aca ssuciseteinewe pass toes eae ee

VII. Statistics of the Pacific salmon industry for 1909................-..---..

VIII.

AM,

‘Personssemployedii. secs et eee a ee
IMVeStIMeNt .5.. 22h cse Bat ake ace see eeee ee ae eee ee eee
Products: . oo saeiseiee bce arene ee ee eee
Products canmeds a2 248 fj eee ie eee ele re eee
Mascellancousproducts: 2.5 eee eee eee ee aes
Wasbinp tome sieee 2% ooo 28s Se eet hots eee eee omeect ee hee
Slabistics bo yicOUNtles 4-5 2 eee a eee
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Colum bigaRiVersssase 52 s5cec. cnc See ee ee
OPEC OM sft css be 2's Ses AS 8S Pe Se ee ee
LAGISICS Nay OUIELON tad st p.c ee aie, cece ae can ee ene
Statistics by Watersicicu< 2c cs lec wale tose eee ce Seca, 2be eee
(CEG TTS 2 Ss Yiorsses astern eGo Srahe haat dae eer eee nee
Ste tisties Ny COMMMICS vets ala sie nee eee eet oes ee
Siatistics:. Dy Waleisee 2222 2s ee ee cree eee ee

Statistical data for other years’... 2-2 eee ase eee ae

Canning industry of Pacific coast of North America from 1864 to 1910.
Canning industry shown by species and waters. .......---- 2 ole eae
Pre kalin oan Chis tire vige <leeese ere eee
Mild-curing Industry .c2204-2stee~5-shnccce ts oases vans eee

. Trade with’ outlymie possessions, ..22. 2642... .--s-.22a5e Sacco eee eee ee
.. #orelign: trade in Salmoiic ...5--<..5252c42eccce stone eee eee ee ee

Exports.ot canned salmon .i.ci 09 scared eos bk eh sce sene eee
Exports of fresh and. cured salmones. 2 anol... 2h ines cate sen
Imports of tresh salmon ..%.2. $2925. Secs Sot oni ee eee
Imports of: cured salmon.<.222- a2) jegetet aoe se eee eee
Salmonseultutes.<c00 00: caseeee Bete ask Sebel eee eee

Washtheton oid kee coe actos ane de ac Sa ae ee ae ee
British Columbiae. sess 422020 2 ee ee eee
P01): (2; ne eee RPE we Sen aoe see eee yea ins tee

62

THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST

By JoHN N. Cosp,
Assistant Agent at the Salmon Fisheries of Alaska.

INTRODUCTION.

The most valuable commercial fisheries in the world, excepting
only the oyster and herring fisheries, are those supported by the sal-
mons. Of these the most important by far are the salmon fisheries
of the Pacific coast of North America, where California, Oregon,
Washington, and Alaska, including also British Columbia, possess
industries representing millions of dollars of investment and millions
of output annually. No published reports contain data for the en-
tire coast, or have pertained to the same year for both Alaska and
the States. In the following pages, containing the returns from a
canvass occupying several months, the data are complete for the
United States coast and Alaska for the year 1909, and to make the
report more comprehensive, historical and geographical aspects of
the subject, as well as methods of the fisheries and allied industries,
are discussed at some length. Figures for British Columbia have
been included also, so far as possible, the official reports of the
Dominion of Canada and of the Province itself having been drawn
upon for this purpose. The statistics for Alaska are taken from
the already printed (1909) report of Mr. Millard C. Marsh and the
present writer.?

«The fisheries of Alaska in 1909. By M.C. Marsh and J. N. Cobb, agents at the salmon
fisheries of Alaska. Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 730. 1910.

5

I. THE SPECIES OF SALMON AND THE RUNS.

The Pacific coast salmons are all included in the genus Oncorhyn-
chus. With them the fishermen incorrectly class the steelhead trout,
which really belongs to the closely related genus Salmo.

As long ago as 1731 the species of Oncorhynchus were first made
known by Steller, who, almost simultaneously with Krascheninikov,
another early investigator, distinguished them with perfect accuracy
inder their Russian vernacular names. In 1792 Walbaum adopted
these vernacular names in a scientific nomenclature for these fishes.

Five species of salmon (Oncorhynchus) are found in the waters
of the north Pacific, ranging northward from Monterey Bay on
the American coast and Japan on the Asiatic, the extreme northern
distribution of certain of the species having not yet been accurately
determined. The five species are: (1) Oncorhynchus tschawytscha,
quinnat, tyee, chinook, spring, or king salmon; (2) Oncorhynchus
nerka, blueback, red, sukkegh, or sockeye salmon; (3) Oncorhynchus
hisutch, silver, coho, or white salmon; (4) Oncorhynchus keta, dog or
chum salmon; and (5) Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, humpback or pink
salmon.

CHINOOK, QUINNAT, OR KING SALMON.

The largest, best known, and most valuable of these is the chinook
or king salmon (O. tschawytscha). It is found throughout the
region from the Ventura River, Cal., to Norton Sound, Alaska, and
on the Asiatic coast as far south as northern China. As knowledge
extends, it will probably be recorded in the Arctic.

In the spring the body is silvery, the back, dorsal fin, and caudal
fin having more or less of round black spots, and the sides of the
head having a peculiar tin-colored metallic luster. In the fall the
color is, in some places, black or dirty red. The fish has an average
weight of about 22 pounds, but individuals weighing 70 to over 100
pounds are occasionally taken. One was caught near Klawak,
Alaska, in 1909, which weighed 101 pounds without the head. The
Yukon River is supposed to produce the finest examples, although
this supposition is not based on very reliable observations. The
southeast Alaska fish average as high as 23 pounds in certain sea-
sons, followed by an average of about 22 pounds in the Columbia
River, and about 16 pounds in the Sacramento.

6

ee re

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 7

In most places the flesh is of a deep salmon red, but in certain
places, notably southeast Alaska, Bristol Bay, Puget Sound, and
British Columbia, many of the fish, the proportion being sometimes
as much as one-third of the catch, have white flesh. A few examples
have been taken with one side of the body red and the other white,
while some are found with mottled flesh. No reasonable explanation
of this phenomenon has yet been given.

In its southern range the quinnat strikes in at Monterey Bay in
sufficient numbers to justify commercial fishing about the middle of
April, where it is seen feeding upon the inshore moving schools of
herring and sardines, continuing until in August. There are two
runs of spawning fish in the Sacramento, the first or “spring run”
beginning in April and continuing throughout May and June, these
fish spawning mainly in the cold tributaries of the Sacramento, such
as the McCloud and Fall Rivers. The second or “ fall run” occurs
in August, September, and October, and these fish spawn in the
riffles in the main river between Tehama and Redding, also entering
the tributaries in that vicinity. The two runs merge into each other.
Ti is also claimed that there is a third run which comes in December.

In former years the San Joaquin and the American and Feather
Rivers of the Sacramento system had large runs of salmon, but ex-
cessive fishing and the operation of various mining and irrigation
projects have practically depleted them.

The Eel and Mad Rivers of northern California have only a late
or fall run, while the Klamath River has both a spring and a fall
run, and Smith River has a spring run alone. Rogue River in
Oregon has both a spring and a fall run, and the Umpqua and several
other coast streams of Oregon have small early runs.

The Columbia River has three runs, the first entering during
January, February, and March, and spawning mainly in the Clack-
amas and neighboring streams. The second, which is the best run,
enters during May, June, and part of July, spawning mainly in the
headwaters. The third run occurs during late July, August, Sep-
tember, and part of October, and spawns in the tributaries of the
lower Columbia.

In Puget Sound chinook salmon are found throughout the year,
although it is only during the spawning season that they are very
abundant. In the Fraser River, a tributary of the Sound, the run
occurs from March to August.

In the Skeena River, British Columbia, the run occurs from May
to July, the same being approximately true of the Nass also.

In southeast Alaska they are found all months of the year. From
March to the middle of June they are abundant and feeding in the
numerous straits and sounds; in May and June the spawning fish
enter the Unuk, Stikine, Taku, Chilkat, Alsek, and Copper Rivers

8 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

in large numbers, and in a few smaller streams in lesser abundance.
In August, September, and October they are again to be found in
large numbers feeding in the bays and sounds, while during the
winter months a few have been taken on trawls set for halibut, show-
ing that they are living in the lower depths at this time.

In Cook Inlet the run occurs during May and June and is com-
posed wholly of red-meated fish; in the rivers of Bristol Bay the run
comes in May and June, and the same is true of the Togiak, Kusko-
kwim, and Yukon Rivers, although fish may be seen in the upper
courses of the Yukon in July, the lateness here being due to the
immense distance the fish have to cover.

On the Asiatic side the chinook is found in some of the rivers of
Siberia.

SOCKEYE, BLUEBACK, OR RED SALMON.

The sockeye or blueback salmon (QO. nerka), which forms the great-
est part of the canned salmon of the world, when it first comes in
from the sea is a clear bright blue above in color, silvery below. Soon
after entering the river for the purpose of spawning the color of the
head changes to a rich olive, the back and sides to crimson and finally
to a dark blood red, and the belly to a dirty white. The maximum
weight is about 12 pounds, and length 3 feet, with the average weight
about 5 pounds, varying greatly, however, in different localities. Ob-
servations of Chamberlain? in Alaska show that the average weight
of a number of sockeyes taken from Yes Bay was 8.294 pounds,
while the average weight of a number from Tamgas was only 3.934
pounds. Evermann and Goldsborough? report as a result of the
weighings of 1,390 red salmon, taken from as many different places
in Alaska as possible, an average weight for the males of 7.48 pounds;
for the females, 5.78 pounds; or an average weight for both sexes of
6.57 pounds. A run of small, or dwarf, males accompanies certain
of the main runs, these being especially noticeable in the Chignik
lagoon, Alaska, run. This species usually enters streams with acces-
sible lakes in their courses.

A few specimens of the sockeye have been taken as far south as
the Sacramento River. In Humboldt County, Cal., small runs are
said to oceur in Mad and Eel Rivers. Only an occasional specimen
appears in the coastal streams of Oregon. The Columbia is the
most southern river in which this species is known to run in any
numbers, entering the river with the spring run of chinooks. From
here south the species is called blueback exclusively. A considerable
run enters the Quinniault River, Wash., and there is also a small run
in Ozette Lake, just south of Cape Flattery.

a Some observations on salmon and trout in Alaska. By F. M. Chamberlain, naturalist,
U. S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross. U. 8. Bureau of Iisheries Document no. 627, p. 80.

>The fishes of Alaska. By B. W. Evermann and E. L. Goldsborough. Bulletin Bureau
of Fisheries, vol. XXVI, p. 257.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 9

In the Puget Sound region, where it is known as the sockeye,
this species ascends only the Skagit River in commercial numbers,
although a small run appears in the Lake Washington system of
lakes and, possibly, in the Snohomish, Stillaguamish, and Nooksack
Rivers.

The greatest of all the sockeye streams is the Fraser River, Brit-
ish Columbia, and this stream has been famous from verv early
days for its enormous runs of this species, a peculiar feature of
which is that there is a marked quadrennial periodicity in the run.
The maximum run occurs the year following leap year, the minimum
on the year following that. The greater part of the catch of the
Puget Sound fishermen is made from this run as it is passing through
Washington waters on its way to the Fraser. The fish strike in
during July and August on the southwest coast of Vancouver Island,
apparently coming from the open sea to the northwest. They pass
the Straits of Juan de Fuca, Rosario, and Georgia, spending con-
siderable time in the passage and about the mouth of the river.
Small numbers run as early as May and as late as October, but the
main body enters about the first week in August.

The sockeye occurs in most of the coastal streams of British
Columbia, and is usually the most abundant species. The prin-
cipal streams frequented are the Skeena, Rivers Inlet, Nass, Lowe
Inlet, Dean Channel, Namu Harbor, Bella Coola, Smith Inlet, Alert
Bay, and Alberni Canal.

In Alaska, where this fish is generally known as the red salmon,
it is abundant and runs in great numbers in all suitable streams,
of which, in southeast Alaska, the following are the most important:
Boca de Quadra, Naha, Yes Bay, Thorne Bay, Karta Bay, Nowiskay,
Peter Johnson, Hessa, Hetta, Hunter Bay, Klawak, Redfish Bay,
Stikine, Taku, Chilkoot, Chilkat, Alsek, Seetuck, Ankow, ete.; in
central Alaska, Copper, Knik, Kenai, Sushitna, Afognak, Karluk,
Alitak, Chignik; in the Bristol Bay region, the Ugashik, Ugaguk,
Naknek, Kvichak, Nushagak, and Wood. It is also supposed to
occur in the Togiak, Kuskokwim, and Yukon Rivers, which debouch
into Bering Sea, and probably occurs in the Arctic streams of Alaska.
The run in Alaska begins usually in June and extends usually to the
middle of August. It begins earher in Prince William Sound, and
sometimes extends into September in southeast Alaska.

On the Asiatic side the species is known to occur at Bering Island
and in all suitable streams south to Japan, where it is found land-
locked in Lake Akan, in northern Hokkaido.

SILVER OR COHO SALMON.

The silver or coho salmon (Q. kisutch) is silvery in spring, green-
ish on the upper parts, where there are a few faint black spots. In

10 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

the fall the males are mostly of a dirty red. The flesh in this species
is of excellent flavor, but paler in color than the red salmon, and
hence less valued for canning purposes.

This species has a maximum weight of about 30 pounds, with a
general average of about 6 pounds.

The silver salmon is found as far south as Monterey Bay, where
it appears during the month of July and is taken by the trollers.
From Eel River, in California, north, it is found in most of the
coastal streams. It usually appears in July and runs as late as
November, the time of appearance and disappearance varying some-
what in different sections. Owing to its late appearance compara-
tively few, and they usually in the early part of the season, are
packed by the canneries, most of which shut down in July and August.
This fish also tarries but a short time about the mouth of the stream
it is to enter, and is wary of nets, which makes it rather unprofitable
to fish for the latter part of the season when it is running alone.

On the Asiatic side the coho ranges down the coast to Japan.

HUMPBACK OR PINK SALMON.

The humpback or pink salmon (Q. gorbuscha) is the smallest of
the American species, weighing from 3 to 11 pounds, the average
being about 4 pounds. In color it is bluish above, silvery below, the
posterior and upper parts with many round black spots, the caudal
fin always having a few large black spots, oblong in shape. The
males in fall are dirty red and are very much distorted in shape, a
decided hump appearing on the back, from which deformity the
species acquires its name. The flesh is softer than in the other
species; it is pale in color, hence its canned name, “ pink ” salmon.

The southern limit of the fish is the Sacramento River,-but only
occasional specimens are found here and in the rivers to the north-
ward until Puget Sound is reached. Here a large run appears every
other year, the only place on the coast. where such is the case.

The humpback occurs in varying abundance in the waters of Brit-
ish Columbia, but it is in the waters of southeast Alaska that it ap-
pears in its greatest abundance. Many of the canneries in this region
depend mainly upon the humpback for their season’s pack, and the
canned product now occupies an excellent position in the markets of
the world. The fish spawn in nearly all of the small, short streams.

In central and western Alaska the runs are much smaller and the
humpback is not much sought after by the cannery men, who are usu-
ally able to fill their cans with the more valuable species.

On the Asiatic side it is found in the rivers of Siberia (abundant
in the Amur), but not in Japan.

In southeast Alaska the run begins in June and continues until
September, or even later in some places. In western Alaska the period
issomewhat shorter. In Puget Sound it continues until late in the fall.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. ya
DOG OR CHUM SALMON.

The dog or chum salmon (OQ. keta) reaches a maximum weight
of 16 pounds, the average being about 8 pounds. When it first ap-
pears along the coast it is dirty silvery, immaculate or sprinkled with
small black specks, the fins dusky, the sides with faint traces of grid-
ironlike bars. Later in the season the male is brick red or blackish,
and its jaws are greatly distorted. Its flesh is quite pale, especially
when canned, when also it is mushy in texture. It is especially good
for freezing, salting, and smoking.

This species has a wide distribution. It is found as far south as
San Francisco, but is not utilized commercially in California except
on Eel River. It is found in most of the coastal streams from here
north, being especially abundant from Puget Sound northward to
southeast Alaska, both inclusive. In this region it is being utilized
in greater abundance each year, as the market for it widens.

In central, western, and arctic Alaska the species occurs in varying
abundance, but is utilized sparingly, except by the natives, with whom
it is the favorite species dried for winter food.

This is the most abundant species of salmon in Japan, where it is
called sake, and large quantities are dry-salted each year. In Siberia
the species is abundant and is known as kaita or kita.

The run of dog salmon comes later than that of any other species
except the coho. In Alaska it begins in June, but the height of the
season does not occur until late in August or early in September, and
fish are found as late as November. In Puget Sound they run from
about the middle of August till late in November, and practically the
same is true in the Columbia River.

STEELHEAD TROUT.

The steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) is commonly classed as one
of the salmons by the fishermen of the Pacific coast, and it has been
included in this report on this account. In different localities the
average weight is placed at from 8 to 15 pounds, while extreme sizes
reach 45 pounds. The excellent quality of its flesh causes it to be
highly prized for the fresh market, but owing to its pale color only
limited quantities are canned.

The principal center of abundance of this species is the Columbia
River. It is found from Carmel River, Cal., north to central Alaska,
and possibly has an even wider range in Alaska. It seems to be found
in the rivers during the greater part of the year. In the Columbia
River the spawning season is from February to May, in Puget Sound
in the spring, and in southeast Alaska in May and June. The best
commercial fishing is in January, February, and March. In Califor-
nia the catching of this species is restricted to hook and line fishing.

II]. FISHING GROUNDS AND HISTORY OF THE FISHERIES.

WASHINGTON.

Puget Sound.—Strictly speaking, the name Puget Sound should be
restricted to that long, narrow arm extending south from the Strait
of Juan de Fuca, but a practice has developed, and is now common
among fishermen and others, of designating all the great water area
in the State of Washington comprising Puget Sound proper, Strait
of Juan de Fuca, Canal de Haro, Rosario Strait, the Gulf of
Georgia, and the smaller straits, bays, and sounds, as Puget Sound,
and this practice, for convenience sake, has been followed in this
report.

This great indentation in the coast, with its numerous islands and
many fine harbors, has greatly aided the development of this portion
of Washington and has been especially favorable to the prosecution
of the salmon and other fisheries. Numerous rivers and creeks enter
the Sound, the more important of these being on the eastern shore
and comprising the Nooksack, Skagit, Stillaguamish, Snohomish,
Duwamish, Puyallup, and Nisqually. On the southern and western
shores the tributary streams are nearly all small, the more important
being the Skohomish, Quilcene, Dungeness, and Elwha.

The first fishing operations by white men were begun soon after
the settlement at what is now known as Seattle, about 1852. For
many years the catch was sold either fresh or salted. The first
salmon cannery on Puget Sound was erected in 1877, at Mukilteo, in
Snohomish County. The first pack was of 5,000 cases, composed
wholly of silver or coho salmon. Later this plant put up the first
humpbacks ever canned. In 1880 the cannery was removed to West
Seattle. In 1885 other canneries were erected at Mukilteo, Seattle,
Tacoma, and Clallam Bay, most of them packing silver and hump-
back salmon alone. The first sockeye salmon cannery was established
at. Semiahmoo, in Whatcom County, in 1892, from which time on
the industry fluctuated considerably, 15 canneries being operated
in 1910.

Quillayute River—This is a small stream, about 30 miles in length,
which flows through the southwestern part of Clallam County and
empties directly into the ocean. The Quillayute Indian Reservation
is located here and the natives catch some salmon and market them
on Puget Sound.

12

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 13

Quiniault River.—This river, which enters the ocean in the north-
western part of Chehalis County, has a length from the ocean to
Quiniault Lake of about 40 miles, wholly within the boundaries of
the Quiniault Indian Reservation. Fishing is restricted to the In-
dians and the catch is generally shipped by rail to Hoquiam and
Aberdeen, on Grays Harbor, and sold to the dealers at these places.

Grays Harbor.—This is the first important indentation on the coast
of Washington south of Cape Flattery. It is about 40 miles long
from east to west and about 20 miles wide in the widest part. The
principal tributary is the Chehalis River, but there are a number of
small streams which debouch into the harbor.

As early as 1878 there was a cannery on Grays Harbor, but from
then until 1891 the data relating to this branch of the industry are
very meager. In 1910 two canneries were in operation at Aberdeen
and Hoquiam, respectively.

Willapa Harbor.—The entrance to this harbor, which also includes
Shoalwater Bay, is about 27 miles south of Grays Harbor. The har-
bor runs east and west and is about 25 miles long. Shoalwater Bay
extends south from it a distance of about 30 miles; its southern por-
tion ending about a mile from the Columbia River, and on the west-
ern side being separated from the ocean by a spit varying in width
from three-fourths to 1 mile. The bay is shallow, excepting in the
main channel. The principal salmon streams entering the harbor
are the Nasel and North Rivers, in which most of the pound or trap
nets are located.

Data relating to the early history of the fisheries of this section
are very meager. In 1887 there were four canneries in operation,
probably the largest number ever operated. In 1910 there was but
one—at South Bend.

COLUMBIA RIVER.

The Columbia, which is the largest river of the Pacific coast, rises
in British Columbia, flows through Washington, reaching the north-
ern border of Oregon about 75 miles west of the State’s eastern
boundary; from this point the river forms the dividing line be-
tween Oregon and Washington, its general course being westerly.
It empties into the Pacific at Cape Disappointment. Its principal
tributaries are the Snake, John Day, Deschutes, and Williamette
Rivers, and through these the main river drains an enormous extent
of territory.

This river, which has produced more salmon than any other river
in the world, has had a most interesting history. Many years be-
fore the white man saw its waters the Indians visited its banks
during the annual salmon runs and caught and cured their winter’s
supply of food. It was about the year 1833 that a small trading
sloop, under the command of Capt. Lamont, came into the Columbia

14 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

River on one of her regular trips and dropped anchor near what is
now known as St. Helens. While waiting several months for a re-
turn cargo the captain salted a number of barrels of chinook salmon,
using old Jamaica rum kegs for the purpose. This is the first record
of the export of this toothsome fish.

In 1861, H. N. Rice and Jotham Reed began packing salted salmon
in barrels at Oak Point, 60 miles below Portland. The first season’s
pack amounted to 600 barrels. The venture proved fairly profitable
and was soon participated in by others.

In the spring of 1866 William Hume, who had assisted in starting
the first salmon cannery in the Umited States, on the Sacramento
River, in 1864, finding the run of fish in the latter stream rather dis-
appointing, started a cannery on the Columbia at Eagle Cliff, Wash.,
about 40 miles above Astoria. Then the river literally swarmed
with salmon, and the cannery had no trouble in packing 4,000 cases,
which it increased to 18,000 the next year and to 28,000 cases in
1868. In 1867 a crude cannery on a scow was started by S. W.
Aldrich, who did all the work, from fishing to canning, himself. In
1868 a cannery was built near Eagle Cliff by one of the Humes, and
from this time on for a number of years the industry grew by leaps
and bounds.

The banner year in the canning industry was 1884, when 620,000
eases of chinook salmon were marketed. At this time the runs were
so enormous that tons and tons of salmon were thrown overboard
by the fishermen because the canneries were unable to handle them.

At the present time (1910) there are 10 canneries in operation
on the river, while large quantities of salmon are also frozen, mild
cured, pickled, smoked, and sold fresh in the markets of the world.

Commercial fishing is carried on mainly between the mouth of the
Columbia and Celilo, a distance of about 200 miles, and in the Wil-
lamette River. The most of it is in the lower part of the river,
within about 40 miles of its mouth. Bakers Bay, on the Washington
or north side, and just within the river’s mouth, is the favorite
eround for pound-net fishing. The principal gill-net drifting
ground is from the river’s mouth to about 20 miles above Astoria,
but drifting is done wherever convenient reaches are found much
farther up the river. Most of the drag seines are hauled on the sandy
bars in the river near Astoria, which are uncovered at low water.
Wheels are operated in the upper river above the junction of the
Willamette with the main river.

Astoria is the principal center for all branches of the industry, but
more especially for canning. Other places in addition to Astoria
at which canneries are located are Ilwaco, Eagle Cliff, Altoona,
Brookfield, Pillar Rock, Cathlamet, on the Washington shore, and
at Warrendale, Rooster Rock, and Seuferts, on the Oregon shore.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. LS

OREGON.

Necanicum Creek.—This short stream is in Clatsop County and
enters the Pacific Ocean about 10 miles south of the Columbia River.
Its fisheries are of small importance.

Nehalem River.—The Nehalem is a small coastal river that rises
in the mountains of Clatsop and Columbia Counties, and flows into
the Pacific Ocean in the northern part of Tillamook County. As
early as 1887 there was a small cannery here, and the business has
been followed ever since.

Tillamook Bay and River.—Tillamook River is a very short stream
which enters Tillamook Bay, the latter being in Tillamook County
and about 45 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River.

Fishing is carried on mainly in the bay. The earliest record we
have of canneries on this bay is of 1886, when two were in operation.
Since 1891 but one has been operated.

Nestucca River.—This stream enters the ocean in the southwestern
part of Tillamook County. A cannery operated here in 1887 and the
business has been carried on intermittently since then.

Siletz River—This river has its source in the mountains of Polk
County, and enters the ocean in the northern part of Lincoln County.
The commercial development of the fisheries was hampered for
many years owing to the fact that the river was within the boun-
daries of what was then the Siletz Indian Reservation. The first
cannery was established here in 1896.

Yaquina Bay and River—The Yaquina (“crooked”) River is
about 60 miles long; its general course is nearly west through the
county of Benton. The river is narrow throughout the greater part
of its length. A few miles from its mouth it suddenly broadens out
into an estuary from one-half to three-fourths of a mile wide which
is commonly called Yaquina Bay. The river enters the Pacific about
100 miles south of the Columbia.

Salmon canning was begun on this river in 1887, when two small
canneries were constructed. The next year an additional plant was
erected. The business has fluctuated considerably since then and
there is now but one cannery.

The fishing grounds are all in the bay and the lower section of
the river. The fishermen of this section are fortunate in that they
have railroad communication with the outside world, the only place
on the ocean side of Oregon, except Tillamook, so situated.

Alsea Bay and River.—Alsea River rises in the southwestern part
of Benton County, and flows in nearly a northwesterly direction to
the Pacific, a distance of about 60 miles. Like the Yaquina, the
“bay” is merely a broadening out of the river just inside its mouth.

The first cannery was established in 1886 and by 1888 there were three
in operation. For many years past but one has been in operation.

101379°—11

»
—

16 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

The best fishing grounds are from the mouth of the river to about
5 miles inland.

Siuslaw River—This river has its source in the mountains of
Lane County, and its course lies first in a northwesterly direction
and to the westward until the Pacific is reached. Through part
of its course it is the dividing line between Lane and Douglas
Counties.

As early as 1878 there were two canneries operated on this river,
but from 1879 till 1888 there are no data available showing the ex-
tent of the fisheries. At present there are two canneries in operation.

The salmon fishing grounds extend from near the mouth of the
river to about 20 miles upstream.

Umpqua River—With the exception of the Columbia this is the
largest and longest river in Oregon. It is formed by north and
south forks, which unite about 9 miles northwest of Roseburg, and
the river then flows northwestwardly and enters the Pacific. Prac-
tically all of this river is within the boundaries of Douglas County,
one of the largest counties in the State. <A railroad is now being
built along this river and when this is completed there will doubtless
be a large development of the fisheries of this region owing to the
opportunities which will then be offered for shipping fresh fish.

As early as 1878 there were two canneries located on the Umpqua.
The number has never been larger than this, and usually there has
been but one operating. In 1910 there was but one, at Gardiner.

Coos Bay and River.—Coos Bay is a navigable semicircular inlet
of the ocean with numerous arms or branches. There is much
marshy ground in the bay, and a number of sloughs, or small creeks,
which empty into the bay from both sides. Coos River proper is an
unimportant stream, but a few miles in length. North Bend, Marsh-
field, and Empire are the principal towns on the bay. A branch
railroad is being built to these points from the main line of the South-
ern Pacific Railway, and as soon as this is completed the fishing in-
dustry will receive a great impetus. Heretofore this region has de-
pended upon steamers and sailing vessels plying to Portland and
San Francisco for its communication with the outside world, and
this slow and infrequent means of shipment has very seriously
handicapped the fisheries.

Salmon canning began here in 1887, when two canneries opened for
business. The business has fluctuated considerably since, most of the
time but one cannery being operated, and such being the case in 1910.

Fishing is carried on mainly in the bay. A few set nets are oper-
ated in the river.

Coquille River.—This river is formed by three branches, called the
North, Middle, and South Forks, which rise in the Umpqua Moun-

EO

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 17

tains and unite near Myrtle Point, the head of tidewater, about 45
miles by river from the mouth of the stream. It is a deep and slug-
gish river, with no natural obstructions to hinder the free passage of
fish. Its fisheries have been seriously hampered by the lack of rail-
road communication, but this will be remedied, as the railroad to
Coos Bay will eventually connect with a short line now in existence
between the Coquille and Coos Bay.

The principal towns on the Coquille River are Bandon, Prosper,
Coquille, and Myrtle Point. Bandon is the shipping port.

Pickled salmon were cured and shipped from this river very early,
the first recorded instance of any considerable quantity being in 1877,
when 3,000 barrels of salmon were sent to San Francisco. The salt
shipments were important until within recent years. The first sal-
mon cannery was erected in 1883, at Parkersburg. In 1886 another
was built at the same place, and the following year still another was
erected close by. This was the largest number ever in operation in
any one year. In 1910 two canneries were operated, both at Prosper.

The fishing grounds are from the mouth to Myrtle Point, about 45
miles inland.

Sixes River—This small river is located in the northern part of
Curry County, and is about 40 miles in length, entering the Pacific
a very short distance above Cape Blanco. The salmon caught here
are either salted or shipped fresh to the canneries on the Coquille
River.

Elk River.—This is another small stream about 40 miles in length,
which enters the Pacific just south of Cape Blanco. As on the Sixes
River the salmon are either salted or sold fresh to the canneries on
the Coquille River.

Rogue River—This river has as its source Crater Lake in the
Cascade Mountains, on the western border of Klamath County, flow-
ing a distance of about 325 miles to the ocean, which it enters at
Wedderburn. Its principal tributaries are the Illinois, Applegate,
and Stewart Rivers. Owing to canyons and falls in the main river
between the mouth of the Illinois River and Hellgate, the latter
near Hogan Creek, which runs through the town of Merlin, naviga-
tion and fishing are impossible in that section. Except at the mouth
of the river the population is very sparse until about the neighbor-
hood of Hogan Creek, where the river approaches the railroad, and
from here on for some miles there are numerous growing towns.

Owing to the fact of there being both a spring and a fall run of
salmon in this river, the fisheries early became of importance, al-
though sadly hampered because of being compelled to depend wholly
on vessel communication with San Francisco, many miles away.
In the early years the salmon were pickled and shipped to San Fran-

18 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

cisco. In 1877 Mr. R. D. Hume, who had been canning salmon on
the Columbia River, removed to the Rogue River, and established
near the mouth a cannery which he operated every season (except
1894, when the cannery burned down) until his death in November,
1908, since which date it has been operated by his heirs. Mr. Hume
also operated a large cold-storage plant at Wedderburn for several
years.

The development of the fisheries of the lower Rogue River was
very much hampered by the monopoly which Mr. Hume acquired
and maintained until his death. He bought both shores of the
river for 12 miles from its mouth, and also owned an unbroken
frontage on the ocean shore extending 7 miles north from the mouth
of the river. As a result of this, independent fishermen could find
no convenient places for landing, which was necessary in order to
cure, handle, and ship the fish caught. Since Mr. Hume’s death
the property has been sold to various parties, but the people of
Oregon, upon an initiative and referendum petition, voted in 1910 to
close Rogue River to all commercial fishing.

In the upper river ranchers living along the banks have engaged
in fishing for a number of years, the catch for the most part being
sold fresh. In recent years, as the country has developed, this
fishery has become fairly important.

Chetco and Windchuck Rivers—These two unimportant streams
empty into the Pacific in the lower part of Curry County, not far
from the California line. The former is about 20 miles and the
latter about 25 miles in length. Both have runs of salmon, and
small fisheries have been maintained for some years, the catch being
either pickled or sold to the California canneries.

CALIFORNIA.

Smith River—tThis river, which is the most northerly one in the
State, rises near the Siskiyou Mountains, and runs in a westerly
direction to the Pacific Ocean.

The river has only a spring run of salmon, and the early recorded
history of the fisheries is fragmentary. The pickling of salmon
was the main business at first and has been important ever since, as
the cannery, which was first established in 1878, operated irregu-
larly, and seems to have shut down entirely in 1895.

Klamath River—This is the most important river in California
north of the Sacramento. It issues from the Lower Klamath Lake
in Klamath County, Oreg., and runs southwesterly across Siskiyou
County, passes through the southeastern section of Del Norte
County, keeping its southerly course into Humboldt County, where
it forms a junction with the Trinity River, and thence its course is
directed to the northwest until it reaches the Pacific Ocean.

er en eet

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 19

The Klamath River is important as a salmon stream because it has
both a spring and fall run of salmon. In 1888 a cannery was estab-
lished at Requa, at the mouth, and this has been operated occasion-
ally ever since. The pickling of salmon has been done here for a
number of years. Some years part of the catch has been shipped
fresh to the cannery on Smith River, or to the Rogue River, Oreg.,
cannery.

Humboldt Bay and tributaries—The shore line of Humboldt
County is bold and high except in the vicinity of Humboldt Bay,
where it is rather flat. The latter is the only harbor along the
county shore, and it is quite difficult of access, owing to the bar at
the entrance, upon which the sea breaks quite heavily. The bay is
about 12 miles long and about 3 miles wide. Mad River, which has
its rise in the lower part of Trinity County, runs in a northwesterly
direction, then makes a sharp turn and enters the bay from the north
side. Eel River, which has its rise in Lake County, far to the south-
east, runs in a northwesterly direction and enters the bay at its
southern extremity. Small railroads running south from Eureka
traverse the shores of both rivers for some miles. A railroad to run
from the north side of San Francisco Bay to Eureka is now nearing
completion, and when in operation it will doubtless aid very mate-
rially in extending the market for salmon caught in these rivers.

Mattole River—This is a small and unimportant river in the
southern part of Humboldt County, and is said to have a good run
of salmon each year, but no commercial fishing has as yet been car-
ried on here.

Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers——These two rivers are the
most important rivers in California. The Sacramento is quite
crooked, the distance by river from Red Bluff to San Francisco be-
ing about 375 miles, while the distance by rail between these two
places is only 225 miles. The river rises in several small lakes in
the mountains about 20 miles west of Sisson, in Siskiyou County,
and for nearly half its length flows through a narrow canyon. The
upper portion is a typical mountain stream, with innumerable pools
and rapids. <A little above Redding the river emerges from the can-
yon and widens into a broad shallow streanr. Below Sacramento it
runs through a level country and is affected by tides. Sloughs are
numerous in this stretch, some connecting it with the San Joa-
quin. The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers join as they empty
into Suisun Bay.

The principal tributaries of the Sacramento which are frequented
by salmon are the Pit and McCloud Rivers and Battle Creek. At
one time salmon frequented the American and Feather Rivers, but
mining and irrigation operations along these streams either killed
them off or drove them away.

9°20 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST..

The San Joaquin River has its source in the Sierra Nevada Moun-
tains. Flowing westerly and forming the boundary between Fresno
and Madera Counties for a considerable distance, it then turns ab-
ruptly to the north just where it is joined by Fresno Slough, which
drains Lake Tulare. From here its general course is northwesterly
until it joins the Sacramento River, near the latter’s mouth. The
Chouchilla and Fresno Rivers are the principal tributaries of the
San Joaquin.

The principal fishing grounds for salmon are Suisun Bay, the
lower part of San Joaquin River, and the Sacramento River as
high as the vicinity of Sacramento. Drift gill nets are used almost
exclusively in this section. From Sacramento to Anderson there is
considerable commercial fishing, more particularly with haul seines.

Owing to the early and excellent railroad facilities which the fish-
eries of the Sacramento River have enjoyed, they have not been
handicapped so seriously as most of the other Pacific coast rivers in
finding profitable outlets for the catch. Soon after the first trans-
continental line was opened the shipping of fresh salmon to eastern
points began and it has been an important feature of the industry
ever since.

The chief event in the history of the salmon fisheries of this river
is the fact that the canning of salmon on the Pacific coast had its in-
ception here in 1864. The circumstances leading up to this event
and its consummation are interestingly told by Mr. R. D. Hume in
the following words:

The first salmon cannery of the United States was located at Washington,
Yolo County, Cal. A part of the building was originally a cabin situated on
the river bank outside of the levee just opposite the foot of IX Street, Sacra-
mento city. It was built in 1852 and occupied by James Booker, Percy Wood-
som, and William Hume. William Hume came to California in the spring of
1852, bringing with him a salmon gill net, which he had made before leaving
his home at Augusta, Me. In company with James Booker and Percy Woodsom,
Mr. Hume began fishing for salmon in the Sacramento River just in front
of the city of Sacramento. William Hume had been salmon fishing in the
Kennebec River in the State of Maine with his father, where his father and
grandfather had been engaged in the same business since 1780, and their
ancestors in Scotland had for pleasure pursued the sportive salmon on the
Tweed and Tay for centuries before. In 1856 William Hume went back to
Maine, and on his return to California the same year was accompanied by his
brothers, John and G. W. Hume, who also engaged in salmon fishing in the
Sacramento River. Among the schoolmates of G. W. Hume was one Andrew
S. Hapgood, who had learned the tinsmith’s trade, and who a short time after
G. W. Hume left for California went to Boston and entered the employ of J. B.
Hamblen, a pioneer in the canning business, and was sent by him to Fox
Island on the coast of Maine, to engage in canning lobsters. The canning of
lobster was a new and growing industry, and Mr. Hamblen, to increase his
business, a short time after sent Mr. Hapgood to the Bay of Chaleur, an arm
of the sea which divides the Province of Quebec from that of New Brunswick,

.
|
:

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. Al

where, in addition to the canning of lobster, they also canned a few salmon.
I believe this was the first salmon canned on the American Continent, and I
am informed that the business in a small way is still carried on in that section
of the country. In 1863 G. W. Hume went back to Maine, and while there
visited Mr. Hapgood at Fox Island, to which place he had been again sent by
Mr. J. B. Hamblen to take charge of the works at that place. During the visit
of Mr. G. W. Hume to his friend Hapgood a talk about salmon was had, and
it was agreed that if salmon on the Pacific coast were as plentiful as repre-
sented by Mr. Hume much money could be made in a salmon-cannery business.
The plan decided on was that Mr. G. W. Hume, on his return to California,
should try and induce his brother William to engage in the business with them,
and, if he succeeded in so doing, Mr. Hapgood should purchase the necessary
machinery and come out to California in time for the spring season of 1864.
Mr. William Hume being agreeable to take part in the enterprise, Mr. Hapgood
set out on the journey and arrived at San Francisco on March 23, 1864, and
a few days later at the location where the operations were afterwards

conducted.@
* * * * * * As

For a considerable time after the salmon-canning business was inaugurated
the packers suspended operations in the early part of July of each year, as at
that time the market would take only goods which showed a rich oil and the
best food values.?

The business languished after the firm established its cannery on
the Columbia River, but in 1874 was renewed again by others and
continued with varying success until 1905, when it ceased, owing to
the smaller quantity of fish available and the difficulty of competing
with the mild-cure packers and the fresh-fish dealers.

Monterey Bay—The first harbor south of San Francisco is Mon-
terey Bay, a large indentation cutting into Santa Cruz and Monterey
Counties. Only a portion of it is well sheltered, however. For a
number of years it had been known that salmon frequented the
waters of this bay for the purpose of feeding on the young fishes
which swarmed there. Sportsmen frequently caught them with rod
and reel, but it was not until the early eighties that the industry
was established on a commercial basis. It has since grown very
rapidly. The catch has either been mild cured at Monterey or
shipped fresh.

ALASKA.

Alaska is the most favored salmon-fishing region. Many rivers,
some of great length and draining enormous areas, intersect the dis-
trict in every direction, while the number of small creeks is countless.
Almost every one of these have runs of salmon of varying abundance.
The principal streams entering Bering Sea are the Yukon, Kus-
kokwim, Togiak, Nushagak, Kvichak, Naknek, Ugaguk, and Ugashik ;
in central Alaska the Chignik, Karluk, Alitak, Sushitna, and Copper

«The description of the machinery used and the methods of canning have been quoted
in full under ‘‘ Canning” elsewhere in this report.

>'The first salmon cannery. By R. D. Hume. Pacific Fisherman, Seattle, Wash., vol. 11,
no. 1, January, 1904, p. 19-21.

AB SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Rivers are the main streams, while in southeast Alaska are found,
among many others, the Anklow, Seetuck, Alsek, Chilkat, Chilkoot,
Taku, Stikine, and Unuk Rivers. Most of the fishing in Alaska is
carried on in the bays into which these rivers debouch. In southeast
Alaska, which is composed largely of islands, the fishing is carried on
mainly in the bays, sounds, and straits among these.

Even before the purchase of the District from Russia in 1867 our
fishermen occasionally resorted to southeast Alaska and prepared
salted salmon. The salmon fisheries did not become important, how-
ever, until canning was begun. The first two canneries in the District
were built in the spring of 1878, both being located in southeast
Alaska. One was built by the Cutting Packing Co. at the Redoubt,
Old Sitka, on Baranof Island, while the other was constructed at
Klawak, on Prince of Wales Island, by the North Pacific Trading &
Packing Co., which latter company still operates at the same place.

The first cannery in central Alaska was built by Smith & Hirsch
at Karluk, on Kodiak Island; in western Alaska the first was con-
structed on Nushagak Bay in 1884 by the Arctic Packing Co.

Owing to the increased demand for canned salmon and the inability
of the coast States canneries to keep pace with it, the number of
canneries in Alaska rapidly increased for some years until in 1890,
when there were 38 in operation. The inevitable happened about this
time, however, the production having far outstripped the demand,
and canned salmon became a drug on the market.

Heretofore each cannery had operated without regard to the others,
but with this condition of affairs prevailing it was soon perceived that
steps to reduce the output would have to be taken, and a number of
the companies pooled their packs, reduced the number of plants oper-
ated, and thus cut down the output nearly one-half. The first ar-
rangement was only temporary, but in 1893 a number of the com-
panies combined permanently and formed the Alaska Packers’ Asso-
ciation, which was then, and is yet, the largest company operating in
the District.

Since 1893 the industry has experienced periods of alternate pros-
perity and adversity. In 1910 there were in operation 23 canneries
in southeast Alaska, 10 in central Alaska, and 19 in western Alaska, a
total of 52. The high prices realized for salmon in 1910 have drawn
more capital into the industry, and in 1911 13 new canneries will be
constructed and operated.

EE Oe

II]. APPARATUS AND METHODS OF THE FISHERY.

GILL NETS.

The gill net is the oldest and most popular form of apparatus in
use in the salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast. There are two kinds,
drift and set, these names clearly expressing the difference between
them. Fine flax or linen twine is generally used in their manufac-
ture, although in some places cotton twine is employed, and it has
usually 12 threads and is laid slack. They are hung in the ordinary
manner—to a rope with cork floats to support the upper portion of the
gear, and to a line with lead sinkers attached, which keeps the net
vertical in the water and all its meshes properly distended. The
nets are tanned, usually several times each season.

Drift nets vary greatly in length and depth, depending upon the
width of the fishing channels, the depth of water, etc. On the Sac-
ramento River they average about 3800 fathoms in length, are 45
meshes deep, and have a stretch mesh of from 74 to 94 inches. On
the coastal rivers of Oregon these nets average about 125 fathoms in
length, and are about 36 meshes in depth, the mesh varying with
the species of salmon sought. On the Columbia River the nets aver-
age about 250 fathoms in length and have a stretch mesh for
chinooks of 9 to 9$ inches. On the Willamette River, the principal
tributary of the Columbia, they average about 75 fathoms in length,
with meshes of 8 and 94 inches. On Willapa Harbor drift gill nets
run from 100. to 250 fathoms in length, are 30 meshes deep, with
stretch meshes of 7 and 8$ inches. On Grays Harbor they average
100 fathoms in length, the chinook nets run from 24 to 45 meshes in
depth, with a stretch mesh of 9 inches, while the silver or coho nets
are 385 meshes in depth, with a stretch mesh of 7 inches. In the
Puget Sound region the nets average 300 fathoms in length, with
meshes suitable for the particular species sought. In Alaskan waters
the nets vary greatly in length and depth, depending upon the places
where fished.

Drift gill netting is prosecuted chiefly in the estuaries of the
rivers in and near the channels. If the water is clear the nets are
set only at night, but should the water.be muddy or discolored with
glacial silt, fishing can be carried on either night or day. Night fish-
ing is most common in the States, while day fishing is most common

23

24 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

in Alaska. When fishing in rivers it is necessary to work in a straight
stretch of water of fairly uniform depth ahd free from snags or sharp
ledges, these being called “ reaches.”

In setting the net the boat puller rows slowly across the stream
while the other man pays out the apparatus, to the first end of which
a buoy has been attached. When about two-thirds of the gear is
out the boat is turned downstream at nearly right angles to her
former course, so that the net, when set, approximates the shape of
the letter L. The net is laid out at nearly right angles or diagonally
to the river’s course, so that it will intercept the salmon that are
running in, and is usually put out about an hour before high water
slack and taken in about an hour after the turn of the tide. In
Alaska the fishermen usually fish on both the high and low slack.
The nets are allowed to drift for the time specified, the fishermen
drifting along at one end, then the net is hauled into the boat over
a wooden roller fixed in the stern, and the fish, which have become
gilled jn the meshes, are removed and thrown into the bottom of
the boat.

Set gill nets are made in the same way as drift nets, in many in-
stances being fragments of the latter, and are usually operated in the
upper reaches of the rivers. They vary in length from 10 to 100
fathoms, from 35 to 65 meshes in depth, and have the same sizes of
meshes as the drift nets, the size varying, of course, with the species
sought for. Sometimes these nets are staked, sometimes anchored,
while occasionally only one end is tied to the shore or a stake set in
the water.

On the flats off the mouth of the Stikine River, in southeast Alaska,
a combination of the drift and set method is followed. A double set
of stakes, about 6 feet apart, are set out from the shore for a distance
of several hundred yards. An hour or two before slack water the
fishermen pay out the net parallel to the line of stakes and about 50
feet from them. The tide drifts the net down until it is caught
against the stakes, which retain it until slack water, when the fisher-
man takes it up and repeats from the opposite direction on the next
turn of the tide.

HAUL SEINES.

On the Columbia River, where this form of apparatus plays a
prominent part in the fisheries, the nets vary in length from 100 to
400 fathoms; the shallowest end is from 35 to 40 meshes deep, but it
rapidly increases in width and is from 120 to 140 meshes deep at the
other wing. The “bunt,” or bag, in the central part of the net is
about 50 fathoms long. These nets are usually hauled on the numer-
ous sand bars which are a very noticeable feature of the river at low

tide. Buildings are erected on piles on these sand flats, in which the

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 25

men and horses take refuge at high tide, when the bars are covered
with water. Operations begin as soon as the beach or bar uncovers,
so that the men can wade about. The net is placed in a large seine
boat, with the shore end attached to a dory. At the signal the seine
boat is headed offshore, while the dory heads toward the bar. As the
seine boat circles around against the current the net is paid out in
the shape of a semicircle. The dory men hurry to the bar with the
shore end of the net, the idea being to get that in as soon as possible
in order to prevent the escape of the salmon in that direction. As
soon as this has been accomplished, the outer shore line is brought to
the bar, when several horses are hitched to the line and begin to haul
in the net, care being taken by the men to work it against the current
as much as practicable, and to get it in as speedily as they can in
order to prevent the escape of salmon either by jumping over the
cork line or finding some outlet below the footrope or lead line.

The only other place on the coast where haul seines are important
is at Karluk, on Kadiak Island, in Alaska. Here the seines are
hauled upon the narrow sand pit dividing the lagoon from the strait,
and practically the same method is followed as in the Columbia

River.
DIVER NETS.

These are in use in the Columbia River, mainly throughout the
middle and upper portions of the river. They vary from 100 to 200
fathoms in length and are used almost exclusively for chinook salmon.
In construction they somewhat resemble a trammel net. Two nets are
attached together side by side. The outer one, or the one toward the
oncoming fish, has a larger mesh than the other, so that if the fish
manages to pass through the first, it will be caught in the smaller
meshes of the second.

DIP NETS.

These consist of an iron hoop secured to the end of a stout pole
with a bag-shaped net fastened to the hoop. They are generally used
at the cascades on the rivers, small platforms being erected upon
which the operator stands while fishing. Indians formerly used
them to a large extent, but, owing to the steady decline in the num-
ber of Indians, and the appropriation of favorable spots by the
whites for other forms of apparatus, they are but little used now.

SQUAW NETS.

This type is virtually a set net. It consists of an oblong sheet of
gill netting, about 12 feet long and 8 feet deep, its lower edge
weighted to keep it down, and its upper edge attached to a pole that
floats at the surface, and is held by a line or lines to another pro-
jecting pole which is securely fastened to the shore, so that it will not

26 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

swing around with the strain of the swift current on the net. A
single block is attached to the pole, and through this passes a rope,
thus making a tackle for the more convenient manipulation of the
net. The dip-net fishermen of the Columbia River use this net,
which derives its name from the fact that it used to be commonly
operated by Indian squaws for taking salmon. But few are now
in use, for the same reasons as given for the decline in the use of
dip nets.
PURSE SEINES.

This form of apparatus is in quite general use in Puget Sound
and southeast Alaska, and has proved highly effective in these deep,
swift waters. These seines are about 200 fathoms long, 25 fathoms in
the bunt, and 20 fathoms in the wings, all with a 38-inch mesh. The
foot line is heavily leaded and the bridles are about 10 feet long.
The purse line is made of 14-inch hemp. The rings through which
the purse line is rove measure about 5 inches in diameter and are
made of galvanized iron.

On Puget Sound the purse seiners congregate mainly on what are
known as the Salmon Banks, off the lower end of San Juan Island,
during the run of sockeyes. After this run is over they go up the
Sound and fish for dogs and cohos, and later go to the head of the
Sound and fish for dogs, cohos, chinooks, and steelhead trout. In
southeast Alaska they follow the fish all over the bays, straits, and
sounds of that section. Purse seines are used in a few other places,
but the fishery is secondary to those with other forms of apparatus.

On Puget Sound special power boats, which are fitted with a power
winch for hauling in the net, are used almost exclusively in operat-
ing the purse seines. As soon as a school of fish is sighted one end
of the seine is attached to a dory, and while this remains stationary
the seine boat starts off, the crew paying out the net over a roller
in the stern. A circle is made around the fish, the boat returning to
the dory. The purse line is then attached to the winch, and the line
slowly hauled in by power. As the net comes in, the slack is neatly
coiled up on a platform in the stern of the boat, the cork line lying
on one side and the lead line on the other. As the circle gradually
narrows a man stands at the davit with a long pole which he con-
tinually plunges into the circle and between the purse lines for the
purpose of frightening the fish away from the center of the net,
which is open for about a third of the time required to purse it.
The poleman in time becomes very expert and is able to plunge the
pole into almost any part of the center and have it return unaided
to his hands. After the net has been pursed, the bag is either rolled
into the boat or the fish dipped or gaffed from the net into the boat.

This style of fishing is said to have been introduced on Puget Sound
by the Chinese in 1886.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. o%

TRAPS OR POUND NETS.

A trap is stationary and consists of webbing, or part webbing and
part wire netting, held in place and position by driven piles. This
piling usually is held together above water by a continuous line of
wood stringers, also used to fasten webbing to or to walk on if nec-
essary.

In building, the “lead” is first constructed. This runs at right
angles, or very nearly so, to the shore, and consists of a straight line
of stakes, to which wire or net webbing is hung from top of high
water, or a little higher, to the bottom, making a straight, solid wall.

At a httle distance inshore of the outer end of the lead begin what
are called the “hearts.” These are V-shaped and turned toward
the lead, beginning at a distance of 30 to 40 feet on either side of
same and running in the same general direction, the “ big heart ”
or outer heart first, the inner heart, supplementing the first, being
smaller, and the end of the outer heart leading into it. The narrow
end of the inner heart leads into the “ pot ” and forms what is known
as the “tunnel.” The tunnel ends in a long and narrow opening,
running up and down the long way, and is held in position by ropes
and rods. Below this is what is known as the “apron,” a sheet of
web stretched from the bottom of the heart upward to the “ pot,”
in order to lead the fish into the tunnel when swimming low in the
water, and to obviate the necessity of building the pot clear to the
bottom, which would be expensive, as the pots of the traps are usually
in quite deep water.

Some traps have “ jiggers ” (a hook-shaped extension of the outer
heart) on each side, which help to turn the fish in the required direc-
tion.

The “ pot” is placed at right angles with the inner heart and im-
mediately adjoining same. It is a square compartment, with web
walls and bottom connected in the shape of a large square sack, fas-
tened to piling on all sides. This pot is hauled up and down by
means of ropes and tackles, either by hand or, as is most popular, by
steam.

The “ spiller ” is another square compartment adjoining either end
of the pot (sometimes there are two “spillers,” one at each end),
and is simply a container for fish. A small tunnel leads the fish
from the pot into the spiller, from whence the fishermen hft them
out. This is accomplished by closing the tunnel from the pot,
after which the ropes holding the front of the spiller are loosened
and the net wall allowed to drop almost to the level of the water.
A steam tug then pushes a scow alongside the spiller and takes
position on the outside of this scow. From the deck of the tug
a derrick is rigged with a running line from the steam capstan
through the block at the top of the derrick. This line is attached

py)

28 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

to the far end of a net apron, called a “brailer,” which is heav-
iy weighted by having chains along each side and leaded cross-
ways at several places. A small boat is run inside the spiller, and
the men in this draw the brailer across the barge and let it sink
in the spiller. The fish soon gather over it, when the steam capstan
quickly reels it in, the net folding over as drawn in from its far side
and spilling the fish out on the scow. Men on the scow pick out and
throw overboard the undesirable fish. The apron is then drawn
back across the pot and the operation repeated so long as any fish
remain. In this manner a trap with many tons of salmon in it is
quickly emptied.

Traps, like nearly all other fixed fishing appliances, are built on
the theory that salmon, like most other fishes, have a tendency to
follow a given course in the water, whether a natural shore line or
an artificial obstruction resembling one; also that the fish very seldom
turns in its own wake. The trap has taken advantage of these
natural tendencies of the fish, and is arranged so that, although the
salmon may turn, he will continually be led by the wall of net toward
and into the trap.

If a trap is located in a place where fish play and where an eddy
exists, and the fish run one way with the incoming tide and the
opposite with the outgoing, it will fish from both directions; if
located where the fish simply pass by, as, for instance, on a point or
reef, it will fish from one side only.

A variation of the trap, to be used in places where piles can not
be driven, is the floating trap. An experimental trap of this variety
was used at Uganuk, on Kodiak Island, Alaska, as early as 1896.
Its use was abandoned in 1897, not to be resumed until some years
later. A number of floating traps (of the type invented by Mr. J. k.
Heckman, of Ketchikan, Alaska) have been and are being used in
southeast Alaska, the first having been installed in 1907. The de-
sign of this trap follows the shape of an ordinary Puget Sound
driven trap. It is constructed of logs, 20 to 26 inches at the butt,
bolted and braced together in one solid frame. Suspended from this
frame through the logs are 24-inch pipes extending down in the
water 30 feet. Halfway down these pipes and also on the extreme
lower ends are eyebolts, to which the web is drawn down and fas-
tened. Thus the web is kept in place as well as if the pipes were
driven piles. The lead is also a continuation of large piles or logs
bolted firmly together with similarly suspended pipes and webbing.

The so-called wooden traps on the Columbia River are essentially
weirs, being a modification of the brush weirs or traps used by the
fndians for the capture of salmon long before the advent of the
white men. They are built on shore, of piling and planks, the lat-
ter arranged like slats with spaces between. The bowl, or pot, is

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 29

provided with a movable trapdoor that can be opened during the
closed season and on Sundays, so that the fish can pass through and
run upstream. These weirs, after being built, are launched into the
river, placed in proper position near the shore, and then ballasted
so that they sink to the bottom.

According to Collins,* “ pound nets were introduced on the Colum-

bia River in 1879. In May of that year Mr. O. P. Graham, formerly
cf Green Bay, Wis., built a pound net on the river similar to those
used on the Great Lakes. The success of this venture led to the
employment of more apparatus of this kind, and many fishermen
went West to participate in the fishery.”

According to the same authority ® Mr. H. B. Kirby, who had pre-
viously fished on the Great Lakes, set a pound net in Puget Sound
about 1883, but it was a complete failure. On March 15, 1888, he
again set a pound net, which he had designed to meet the new eon-
ditions, at Birch Bay Head, in the Gulf of Georgia. It proved a
complete success, and was the forerunner of the present large number
which are set annually in these waters.

In Alaska the first trap was set in Cook Inlet about 1885. Brit-
ish Columbia refused to permit the use of pound nets in its waters
until 1904, when their use was allowed within certain limited regions.

Some of these trap nets, especially on Puget Sound, have proved
extremely valuable. The years 1898 and 1899 covered practically
the high-water mark, as several desirable locations changed hands in
those years at prices ranging from $20,000 to $90,000 for single
pounds, the original expense of which did not exceed $5,000. But
few have brought such high prices since, however, owing to the
decline in the run of salmon.

The location of sites for these nets is regulated by law in Oregon,
Washington, and British Columbia, but in Alaska the procedure is
not well defined and has proved rather confusing to strangers.
Some acquire the necessary shore line by mineral location or by the
use of scrip, while still others have merely a squatter’s right. Within
the bounds of the forest reserve no land can be acquired except by
lease, which may be secured from the United States forestry agent,
Ketchikan, Alaska.

INDIAN TRAPS.

The natives, especially in Alaska, have various ingenious methods
of catching salmon. In the Bering Sea rivers they catch them by
means of wickerwork traps, made somewhat after the general style
of a fyke net. These are composed of a series of cylindrical and
conical baskets, fitting into each other, with a small opening in the

«Report on the fisheries of the Pacific Coast of the United States, by J. W. Collins,
Report of Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1888, p. 210. 1891,
bibid., p. 257.

30 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

end connecting one with the other and the series terminating in a
tube with a removable bottom, through which the captive fish are
extracted. Some of the baskets are from 15 to 25 feet in length
and are secured with stakes driven into the river bottom, while the
leader, composed of square sections of wickerwork, is held in place
by stakes.

During the summer of 1910 the author found and destroyed an
ingenious native trap set in Tamgas stream, Annette Island, south-
east Alaska. This stream is a short and narrow one, draining a
lake, about midway of which are a succession of cascades. In the
narrowest part of the latter, and in the part up which the fish swim,
a rack had been constructed of poles driven into the bottom and cov-
ered with wire netting, so as almost wholly to prevent salmon from
passing up. Just below, and running parallel to the rack and at
right angles to the shore, was placed a box flume with a flaring
mouth at the outer end. At the shore end the flume turned sharply
at right angles and discharged into a square box with slat bottom
and covered over with boughs. The fish in ascending the stream
would be stopped by the rack and in swimming around many of them
would be carried by the current into and down the flume, eventually
landing in the receiving box alongside the shore.

WHEELS.

Fish wheels are of two kinds, the floating or scow wheel, which
can be moved from point to point if need be, and the shore wheel,
which is a fixed apparatus. They operate in exactly the same man-
ner, however. The stationary wheel is located along the shore in a
place where experience has shown that the salmon pass. Here an
abutment is built of wood and stone, high enough to protect it
from an ordinary rise in the river. To this is attached the necessary
framework for holding the wheel. The latter is composed of three
large scoop-shaped dip nets made of galvanized-iron wire netting
with a mesh of 34 to 4 inches. These nets are the buckets of the
wheel, and they are so arranged on a horizontal axis that the wheel
is kept in constant motion by the current, and thus picks up any
fish which come within its sweep. The nets are fixed at such an
angle that as they revolve their contents fall into a box chute through
which the fish slide into a large bin on the shore. The wheels range
in size from 9 to 32 feet in diameter and from 5 to 15 feet in width,
and cost from $1,500 to $8,000, the average being about $4,000. <A
number of them have long leaders of piling running out into the
river, which aid in leading the salmon into the range of the wheel.

The scow wheel consists of a large square-ended scow that is
usually decked at one end and open at the other. Several stanchions,
some 8 to 10 feet high, support a framework upon which an awning

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. ot

is spread to protect the fish from the sun’s rays and the crew from
the elements. To one end of the scow are fastened two upright posts,
which are guyed by wooden supports, while projecting from the same
end is the framework which supports the wheel, the latter being con-
structed in the same way, but on a smaller scale, than the stationary
wheel. In operation the scow is anchored with the wheel end point-
ing downstream, and as the wheel is revolved by the current the fish
caught fall from the net into a box-chute, through which they slide
into the scow. As stationary wheels can be used only at certain stages
of water, the scow wheel is a necessary substitute to be used at such
times as the former can not be operated.

The above forms of wheels are used exclusively on the Columbia
River.

An ingenious device is used by some of the wheelmen on the
Columbia River in getting their catch to the canneries, a few miles
farther down the river. The salmon are tied together in bunches and
these attached to air-tight casks and sent down the stream. At the
canneries small balconies have been constructed at the water end of
the building. A man armed with a pair of field glasses is stationed
here, and as soon as he sights one of these casks he notifies a boatman,
who goes out and tows in the cask and salmon. About 800 pounds of
salmon are attached to a keg, and a tag showing the wheel from
which shipped is tied to the fish.

In 1908 the first fish wheel to be located in the coastal waters of
Alaska was operated in the Taku River, in southeast Alaska. The
wheel was set between two 4-foot scows, stationed parallel to each
other, and each 40 feet in length. The wheel had two dips, each 22
feet in width and hung with netting. It could be moved from place to
place, the same as the scow wheels on the Columbia River. It was
operated throughout the king and red salmon runs, but caught almost
no salmon, and was not set in the succeeding years.

For many years the natives of the interior of Alaska have been
resorting to the banks of the Yukon River and its tributaries in order
to secure a sufficient supply of salmon to sustain them through the
succeeding winter. The favorite apparatus of these natives is a type
of fish wheel of local invention, which has been in use by them for
many years, probably long before the white man first saw the Yulon.
A square framework of timbers is constructed in the water and
moored to the bank by ropes. A wheel, composed of three dips, is
placed in this, the axle resting upon the framework. The shape of
the dip is such that the salmon caught roll off it into a trough, down
which they slide into a boat moored between the wheel and the shore.
Although crude in construction, it is very effective and a large num-
ber of them are set each season.

101379°—11——3

82 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

The Columbia River fish wheel is a patented device. It was first
used by the patentees, Messrs. S. W. Williams & Brother, in 1879, and
for several years they retained a monopoly in its use. A number are
now operating on the river. The device was not new even when pat-
ented, as the natives of the Yukon River Basin had been using a
precisely similar principle for an unknown number of years previ-
ously, while a similar “ fishing machine,” as it is called, had been in
use prior to this time and is still used by white fishermen on the
Roanoke River, in North Carolina.

REEF NETS.

As the name indicates, this device is used around the reefs. Under
natural conditions the reef is covered with kelp throughout its
length, the kelp floating at the top of the water. A channel is cut
through this, and in it is placed a tunnel of rope and netting, which
flares at the outer end, in deep water, and into which is thatched
grass, kelp leaves, or any other article resembling submarine growth,
to hide the construction sufficiently to avoid frightening the fish.
Short leads of kelp are also arranged on the sides so as to draw the
fish to the tunnel, which is held in place by anchors. On the reef it-
self two boats are anchored parallel to each other and some feet
apart. An apron of netting is fastened to the rear of the two boats,
while the other end extends under the small end of the tunnel and is
kept in place by men in the forward ends of the boats, who have lines
fastened so the apron can be raised by them. The device can only
be used with the tide entering the tunnel at the large end. When
the fish have entered and passed through the tunnel upon the apron,
the men raise the floating end of the latter and dump them into the
boats.

At one time this was a favorite device of the Puget Sound natives
for catching sockeye salmon. They attribute its origin to one of
the Hudson Bay Company’s employees, who, they say, taught them a
long time ago how to catch salmon in this way. Owing to the large
number of men required to work them, and the fact that they can be
worked only at certain stages of tide and in favorable weather, these
nets have gradually been supplanted by other devices. In 1909 but
five were used and these were operated off the shores of San Juan,
Henry, Steuart, and Lummi Islands, and in the vicinity of Point

Roberts.
TROLLING.

Each year the catching of salmon by trolling becomes of increasing
importance commercially. For some years sportsmen had this ex-
citing and delightful occupation to themselves, but eventually the
mild curers created such a persistent and profitable demand for king,
or chinook, salmon that the fishermen, who had previously restricted

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. ao

their operations to the use of nets during the annual spawning runs,
which last but a small portion of the year, began to follow up the
fish both before and after the spawning run and soon discovered
that they were to be found in certain regions throughout nearly
every month in the vear.

The Monterey Bay, Cal., trollers use 48 cotton line generally. A
few inches below the main lead an additional line is added, with a
small sinker on it. This gives two lines and hooks, and as the main
line has but the one lead, and that above the junction with the branch
line, it floats somewhat above the latter, which is weighted down
with a sinker. The main stem is about 20 fathoms in length, while
the branch lines are about 5 fathoms each. These lines cost about
$3.50 each. No spoon is used, but bait almost invariably. A few
fishermen use a spread of stout steel wire, 4 feet long, with 5 or 6
feet of line on each end of the spread, two lines and hooks.

On the upper Sacramento River (mainly at Redding and Kes-
wick) some fishing is done with hand lines. A small catch was made
here in 1908, but none were so caught in 1909.

Even as early as 1895 trolling was carried on in the Siuslaw River,
Oreg., for chinook and silver salmon. At Oregon City and other
places on the Willamette River a number of chinook salmon are
caught by means of trolling each year, mainly by sportsmen. A
spoon is quite generally employed in place of bait. The fishermen
claim that the salmon are not feeding at this time, as their stomachs
are shriveled up.

For a number of years the Indians living at the reservation on
Neah Bay, Wash., have annually caught large numbers of silver and
chinook salmon in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. A few white fisher-
men also engage in this fishery at the present time in the same waters,
while others troll for the same species, but more particularly silvers,
in parts of Puget Sound proper. The ordinary trolling line, with a
spoon instead of bait, is used.

The most remarkable trolling region is in southeast Alaska. For
some years the Indians here had been catching king salmon for
their own use during the spring months, and about the middle of
January, 1905, king salmon were noticed in large numbers in the
vicinity of Ketchikan. Observing the Indians catching these, sev-
eral white fishermen decided to engage in the pursuit, shipping
the product fresh to Puget Sound ports. They met with such
success that 271,644 pounds, valued at $15,600, were shipped. The
next year several of the mild-cure dealers established plants in
this region, thus furnishing a convenient and profitable market for
the catch, and as a result the fishery has grown until, in 1910, 204,823
king salmon and 6,000 coho salmon were caught and marketed. The
length of the fishing season has also lengthened until now the busi-
hess is prosecuted vigorously during about seven months in the year,

34 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

and in a desultory manner for two or three months more, only the
severe winter weather preventing operations the rest of the year.

In southeast Alaska the fishermen generally use either the Hen-
dryx Seattle trout-bait spoon no. 5 or the Hendryx Puget Sound
no. 8. The former comes in nickel or brass or nickel and brass, the
full nickel preferred. The Siwash hook no. 9/0, known as the Vic-
toria hook in British Columbia, is in quite general use. As a rule,
but one hook is used, and this hangs from a ring attached to a swivel
just above the spoon, while the point of the hook comes a little below
the bottom of the spoon. Occasionally double or treble hooks are
used. Some fishermen use bait, and when this is done the herring,
the bait almost universally employed, is so hooked through the body
as, when placed in the water, to stretch out almost straight and face
forward as in life.

A small commercial fishery is carried on in this region for coho
salmon, mainly in August and September, in the neighborhood of
Turnabout Island, in Frederick Sound. A Stewart spoon with two
hooks on one ring is used, baited with herring in such a way that the
fish is straightened out and faced toward the spoon. The sportsmen
of Ketchikan also fish with rod and reel for this species in the neigh-
borhood of Gravina Island, using a Hendryx spoon (kidney bait
no. 6), which is silvery in color on one side and red on the other.
Although much smaller than the king, the coho salmon is more gamy.

Reports from the trollers of southeast Alaska prove that all species
of salmon will take the hook at some time or other in the salt waters
of this region, an examination of their stomachs generally showing
that they are either feeding or in a condition to feed.

BOW AND ARROW.

On the Tanana River, a tributary of the Yukon River, in Alaska,
the Indians hunt salmon in birch-bark canoes with bow and arrow.
As the canoe is paddled along and the Indian sees the dorsal fin of
the salmon cutting the surface of the muddy water he shoots it. The tip
of the arrow fits into a socket, and when struck the tip, which when
loose is attached to the stock by a long string, comes out of the socket
and the arrow floats, easily locating the fish for the fisherman.

SPEAR AND GAFF.

Spears of varying shapes and styles have been in use by the In-
dians from time immemorial and are still employed on many rivers
in which salmon run. With the exception of the Chilkoot and Chil-
kat Rivers of Alaska, practically all of the catch secured in this
manner is consumed by the fishermen and their families. In the
Chilkoot River the Indians have built numerous racks in the stream
and on the banks, upon which they stand and hook the fish out with
a gaff attached toa pole. The catch is sold to the cannery located on
Chilkoot Inlet.

IV. FISHERMEN AND OTHER EMPLOYEES.

In the early days canning was a haphazard business, and workmen
came and went as common laborers do in the wheat fields of the West.
As the business increased in importance and the need of skilled labor
became imperative, men were put to certain work and kept at it from
season to season, with the result that in a few years a corps of highly
skilled laborers had been evolved, and this had much to do with the
rapid extension of the industry.

For many years Chinese formed the greater part of the cannery
employees, the superintendent, foreman, clerks, machinists, and the
watchmen alone being whites. No other laborers have ever been
found to do the work as well or with as little trouble as the Chinese.
In times of heavy runs, when the cannery would have to operate
almost night and day in order to take advantage of what might be
the last run for the season of the sometimes erratic salmon, the
Chinese were always willing, even eager, to do their utmost to fill
the cans, and if fed with the pecuhar food they insisted upon having
and due regard was had to certain racial susceptibilities, the can-
nery man could almost invariably depend upon the Chinese doing
their full duty.

The Chinese-exclusion law cut off the supply of Chinese, and as
the years went by and their ranks became decimated by death, dis-
ease, and the return of many to China, the contractors were com-
pelled to fill up the rapidly depleting crews with Japanese, Filipinos,
Mexicans, Porto Ricans, etc., with the result that to-day in many
canneries special quarters have to be provided for certain of the
races—more particularly the Chinese and Japanese—in order to pre-
vent racial hatred from engendering brawls and disturbances.

The Japanese now compose about one-half of the cannery em-
ployees. While a few cannery men express themselves as well pleased
with this class of labor, the majority find it troublesome.

In Alaska and at a few places in the States Indians are employed
in the canneries. In Alaska more would be employed if they could be
secured. They make fair workpeople, but are rather unreliable about
remaining through the season.

The supplying of this kind of labor is done largely through the
contract system. In the large cities along the coast are labor
agencies, mainly owned by Chinese, which make a specialty of fur-
nishing labor for this work. In the agreement between the canning

35

86 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,

company and the contractor the company guarantees to pack a cer-
tain number of cases during the coming season and the latter agrees
to do all the work from the time the fish are delivered on the wharf
until they are ready to ship at the end of the season, for a certain
fixed sum per case. Should the cannery pack more than the guar-
anteed number, which it usually does if possible, the excess has to be
paid for at the rate per case already agreed upon, while if the pack.
for any reason should fall below the contract amount the company
must pay for the shortage the same as though they had been packed.
The company transports the Chinese to the field of work and carries
them to the home port at the end of the season. It provides them
with a bunk house, and furnishes fuel, water, and salt. The con-
tractor sends along with each crew a “boss,” who has charge of the
crew, and furnishes their food, the company transporting this free.

White men do the greater part of the fishing for salmon, many na-
tionalities being represented, but Scandinavians and Italians pre-
dominating almost everywhere. A number of Greeks are to be found
fishing in the Sacramento, while Slavonians do most of the purse-
seining on Puget Sound. The native-born American is not often
found actually engaged in fishing, but frequently is the owner of the
gear or has a responsible position in the packing plants.

A number of Indians participate in the fisheries of Alaska, and a
few fish in Washington. The only Chinese engaged in fishing are in
Monterey Bay. A number of Japanese also fish in this bay, which is
the only place in American territory where they fish for salmon,
except in Alaska, where the small number of 13 were occupied in
1909. A number of Japanese engage in fishing in Canadian waters.

In many places on the coast, particularly in Alaska, fishing is a
hazardous occupation. In Alaska most of it is done in the bays,
sounds, and straits, where storms are frequent, and the annual loss
of life is heavy. The records of the Alaska Fishermen’s Union
show for its members the following losses of life by drowning: 1905,
10 men; 1906, 5 men; 1907, 10 men; 1908, 17 men; and 1909, 17 men.

The fishermen early saw the advantages of organization, and
nearly every river now has a union, which is subordinate to the gen-
eral organization. One of the most typical of these is the Alaska
Fishermen’s Union, which has active jurisdiction over all sections of
Alaska, except a portion of southeast Alaska. Early in the year this
organization enters into contracts with the salmon canneries and salt-
eries, by which the rates of wages, duties, etc., of the fishermen are
fixed in advance. As a resuit of this mutual agreement upon terms,
but little trouble is experienced with the fishermen, who generally
conform scrupulously to the terms of the contract, and strikes and
bickerings, which were very common a few years ago, are now almost
entirely absent.

V. FISHERY REGULATIONS.

CONTROVERSIAL FORMS OF APPARATUS.

From time immemorial the users of certain forms of fishing appa-
ratus have complained of and condemned the use of other forms,
which, either through disinclination, through lack of financial
means, or because it was not suitable for use in the section in which
they fished, they themselves have not seen fit to employ. In some
instances these complaints are well founded, but an unprejudiced
observer is apt to view with suspicion charges advanced under condi-
tions when personal interest may so easily cloud or color the indi-
vidual judgment. In a court of equity it is a well-established prin-
ciple that the plaintiff must appear with clean hands, and that is a
difficult matter for the users of any form of apparatus in the salmon
fisheries of the Pacific coast. If in one section the fishermen live
strictly within the letter and spirit of the law, the users of the same
apparatus in another section may be the most persistent and destruc-
tive violators. And, again, while the law may be strictly observed,
the law itself may be inadequate or purposely deficient, and the
apparatus therefore be doing incalculable damage to the fisheries.

While all forms of apparatus in use in the salmon fisheries of the
Pacific coast have been objected to in some one section or another, the
principal complaints have been against fish wheels and trap or pound
nets. The wheels are used only in the Columbia River. The traps
are found in the Columbia River and in the other waters of the State
of Washington and in Alaska.

To the objections of other fishermen the owners of wheels and
traps retaliate by charging prejudice and self-interest, and with some
justification. It is unquestioned that these costly forms of apparatus
are beyond the financial means of the ordinary fishermen, that their
use reduces the number of persons employed in the fisheries, and that
the owners, who are usually the packers or others closely affiliated
with them, can, if they so desire, render themselves largely inde-
pendent of other fishermen, such as the gill netters and seiners, and
thus keep down the cost of the fish to the packers. Although not
often advanced publicly, this is the real basis of the most of the com-
plaints. Publicly the objections are based upon higher grounds,

37

38 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

such as the waste through catching and killing in wheels and traps
of enormous quantities of salmon which can not be handled in the
limited time available, or of species which the packers have no use
for, and which they find it easier or less expensive to kill by much
handling than to release and in so doing lose a few salmon.

One thing should never be lost sight of, however. Tishery appa-
ratus is set for the purpose of catching fish, and its value is depend-
ent upon the degree of effectiveness with which it accomplishes the
object sought with the least expenditure of money and time for con-
struction and operation.

It is a question whether, under present conditions, if the use of
traps were abolished, the other forms of apparatus would be able to
keep pace with the demand for fish. But the question cf whether
traps should be allowed or not in any one section should be settled
by reference solely to the conditions prevailing in that section, and
not to theoretical or general objections to traps as traps or to objec-
tions based upon trap fishing in some other and, possibly, vastly
different section. There are some regions on the Pacific coast where
if traps were permitted they would soon destroy the run of salmon,
while there are many other sections where they would not injure the
fisheries at all, unless possibly by use in too great numbers. The
latter is especially true in many parts of Alaska, where the chief
objection is that in a few places too many of them are grouped
together.

A considerable part of the objection to the use of traps is doubtless
due to the generally shameless disregard of the laws in the past, and
in some sections also to-day. In Alaska up to 1908 the trap owners
paid practically no attention to the laws, and the same is true to a
large extent to-day on Puget Sound, and to a lesser extent, possibly,
in the Columbia River. Since the enactment and rigid enforcement
of the excellent trap law of 1906 in Alaska, the objections to trap
nets have decreased very noticeably, though the traps have probably
caught more fish than they did under the old conditions, the only
difference being that the catch has been distributed more equally,
and not, as in former times, caught chiefly in those traps situated
nearest to the ocean, while those in the upper reaches took but few.

The Washington law prescribes minutely the method to be fol-
lowed in closing traps during the weekly closed season and appears
on its face to be an excellent plan. In practice it is quite otherwise,
however, for one person can close or open the trap in one or two
minutes’ time, and all the watchman has to do in the weekly closed
season is to let the apron down whenever he sees a boat approaching,
raising it again as soon as he is sure the visitor is not a fish warden.
Thus it is practically impossible to detect any but the boldest or most
careless violations of the law.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 39

The provision in the Alaska fisheries law regulating the manner
of closing traps during the weekly closed season is without question
the best in the country, and Washington could adopt it with much
profit. It requires that “the gate, mouth, or tunnel of all stationary
or floating traps shall be closed, and 25 feet of the webbing or net of
the ‘heart’ of such traps on each side next to the ‘pot’ shall be
lifted or lowered in such manner as to permit the free passage of sal-
mon and other fishes.” With two men stationed on the trap at least
15 or 20 minutes of most strenuous work is required to open or close
the trap in this manner, and the fishery agent has ample time to reach
the scene before the operation is completed. This fact has been found
to be an excellent deterrent.

At first the owners advanced the plea that the lowering of 25 feet
of the web of the heart next to the pot would so weaken the trap
that it might be carried away by the very strong and high tides
which prevail in Alaska, but three years’ actual trial has proved this
fear to be groundless, and now no objections are heard to this feature
of the law. |

Although not used to as great an extent, wheels have probably
occasioned more controversy than traps. While the traps are
usually set in either bays, straits, and sounds, where the water is salt
or brackish, or in the lower reaches of all the rivers, the wheels are
set in the upper courses of the Columbia River only. After the fish
have run the gauntlet of the almost countless gill nets, seines, and
trap nets in the lower and middle river, and are approaching their
spawning beds, they meet with the runways leading to the wheels,
which in some instances are set in natural channels in the cascades
or falls, or in artificial channels through which the greater part of
the run must of necessity pass. Nearly all of the salmon hatcheries
on the Columbia are located either on the main river below Cascade
Locks, or on one of the tributaries entering the river below there,
while above this point, there were operated in 1909 17 stationary
wheels and 5 scow wheels.

It may be maintained that a salmon which has successfully evaded
the nets in the section of the river below Cascade Locks is of vastly
more importance to the preservation and perpetuation of the fish-
eries than a number which have not yet crossed the bar at the mouth
of the river. Thus, it has been argued, while wheels have not done
anything like the damage to the fisheries ascribed to them, a regard
for the perpetuation of the fisheries of the Columbia River demands
that their use, as well as that of all other forms of apparatus for the
taking of fish commercially, should be prohibited above Cascade
Locks.

This brings up the question of the justice of such an arrangement
from the standpoint of the owners of the wheels. When they put

40 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

in these wheels their use was lawful, and the same is true to-day.
They are expensive apparatus, and many thousands of dollars
are invested in them. In addition there is an important salmon
cannery located at Seuferts, just above The Dalles, which would be
absolutely worthless if the above action were taken. It would be
no more than just, if the States of Oregon and Washington decided
to abolish all commercial fishing above Cascade Locks, that a fair
valuation for losses be fixed by arbitration and paid to those affected.

There is also no question but what too many gill nets and trap
nets are now being fished in the lower part of the river, and some
scheme ought to be devised by which the number of licenses annually
granted can be reduced very materially.

Strict regulations of the forms of apparatus used in the salmon
fisheries and the curtailment of certain or all forms when they be-
come too numerous will be of greater efficacy in the perpetuation of
the industry than any other method which has been so far rec-
ommended or tried except that of closed seasons.

LAWS AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT.

The history of the enactment and enforcement of laws relating to
the salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast (except possibly California)
is not one that those earnestly and sincerely desirous of preserving
and perpetuating the fisheries have reason to be proud of. In the
first place, it has been and is yet exceedingly difficult to secure effi-
cient laws, owing to the influence of the selfish interests which have
no regard to the future. In the second place, it was and is yet diffi-
cult to secure the enforcement of even the laws that are on the statute
books. In most States a change in the governorship almost invari-
ably entails a change in fish commissioner, who is often more con-
cerned with pleasing the interests that secured his appointment
and retain him in office than in giving the affairs of his department
the attention that they require. This condition, not peculiar to the
Pacific Coast States alone, doubtless will eventually be removed to a
great extent by divorcing the fisheries departments from politics.
The Pacific Coast States have had in the past and still have some
earnest men who have been and are doing good work, and this num-
ber can easily be increased by making the positions permanent. Un-
der present conditions a fish commissioner scarcely has a compre-
hensive grasp of the intricate problems of his department and begins
to be of value to the State before a change of administration occurs
and he is compelled to give way to another man, who in turn must be
taught all that his predecessor had learned.

The worst condition of affairs in regard to the making and enforce-
ment of fishery laws is found to prevail in those waters which form
the boundary between States or between Canada and the United
States.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 41

The Columbia River, which forms the boundary between Oregon
and Washington, affords a typical example of the evils which can
result from a division of responsibility between two States. For
many years each State enacted laws regulating the fisheries of the
river with very slight regard usually to laws already in force in the
other State. As a result of this the fishermen transferred their
residence for license purposes from State to State as the laws of one
or the other best suited their particular purposes.

The fishermen and packers also were in apparently irreconcilable
conflict as to the proper means to be taken to conserve the fisheries,
and each session of the legislatures saw strong lobbies present to
work for certain selfish ends, while the few earnest men who had the
real welfare of the fisheries of the river at heart had difficulty in
making the slightest headway against the influence of these lobbies.

To further complicate the matter, in 1894 Oregon claimed that
under the provisions of the enabling act admitting it as a State it
had jurisdiction to the Washington shore, and proceeded to arrest
Washington men who were fishing in what was the open season ac-
cording to Washington law but the closed season under Oregon law.

In June, 1908, the voters of the State of Oregon had presented for
their consideration two bills radically affecting the waters of Columbia
River. One closed the river, east of the mouth of the Sandy River,
against all fishing of any kind except with hook and line, and was
originated by gill-net fishermen of the lower river for the purpose of
eliminating fish wheels in the upper waters. This bill was the first
presented to the people, and when it appeared the upriver men re-
taliated by presenting a bill affecting the lower river to such an
extent that it practically prohibited the net fishermen from operating.

Very much to the surprise of all concerned both bills were passed
and became laws on July t, to take effect, as provided, on August 25
and September 10, respectively. The Oregon master fish warden
proceeded to enforce both laws, arresting all violators on both sides
of the river, irrespective of whether or not they were operating under
a Washington or Oregon license, and incidentally did the fisheries a
great service by bringing prominently before the public the anoma-
lous condition of affairs which were occasioned by the archaic system
under which the fisheries of the Columbia were governed. The State
of Washington appealed to the United States courts, which, after
argument, issued an injunction preventing the warden from enforc-
ing the laws so far as the Washington fishermen were concerned.

In the meantime the attention of the general Government had
been drawn to the apparently irreconcilable conflict between the two
States, and fearing that in the mélée the interests of the fisheries
would be lost sight of, President Roosevelt, in a message to Con-
gress, after reciting briefly the lack of harmony in jurisdiction by the

492 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

States, recommended that the general Government take over the
control of the fisheries of the Columbia, as well as other interstate
rivers.

This had the effect of bringing matters to a head and negotiations
were soon in progress looking to the preparation of a treaty between
the two States by which uniform laws would be adopted, and thus
each State have concurrent jurisdiction to the opposite shore of the
river. The legislatures each appointed a committee of eight mem-
bers to confer and frame joint legislation. The two committees met
in Seattle, Wash., early in 1909, and agreed upon the following
recommendations:

First. A spring closed season from March 1 to May 1.

Second. A fall closed season from August 25 to September 10.

Third. A Sunday closed season from 8 p.m. Saturday of each week to 6 p. m.
the Sunday following between the ist day of May and the 25th day of August.

Fourth. We suggest the mutual recognition by each State of the licenses
issued to floating gear by the other State.

Fifth. That the State of Oregon repeal chapter 89 of the session laws of
Oregon for the year 1907, relative to the operation of purse seines and other like
gear on the Columbia River.

Sixth. We recommend the enactment of similar laws in both States carrying
an apprepriation of at least $2,500 in each State and providing for the destruc-
tion of seals and sea lions and the granting of a bounty on the same, to be $2.50
for seals and $5 for sea lions.

Seventh. We recommend the repeal of both the fish bills passed under the
provisions of the initiative and referendum in June, 1907, by the people of the
State of Oregon, said bills being designated on the ballot as 318, 319 and 332,
333.

The recommendations were enacted into law by both States, and at
the same time the State of Washington in its bill also prohibited
fishing for salmon within 3 miles of the mouth of the Cplumbia
between March 1 and May 1 and between August 25 and September
10, or salmon fishing on tributaries of the Columbia, except the Snake,
between June 1 and September 15; and also prohibited fishing by
any means for salmon save by hook and line in the Kalama, Lewis,
Wind, Little White Salmon, Wenatchee, Methow, and Spokane
Rivers and in the Columbia River 1 mile below the mouth of any of
the rivers named. The agreement was subjected to a rather severe
strain, however, when it was discovered that the Oregon Legislature
had failed to provide the same closed periods for the tributaries that
were enacted for the Columbia, thus leaving the Willamette, Clacka-
mas, Lewis and Clark, and Youngs Rivers and Spikanon Creek open
to fishing for 15 days in March and 15 days in April, while the
Columbia was closed. The cry of bad faith was at once raised by
the Washington fishermen, and for a short time it appeared that the
agreement would be broken at the very beginning. The Oregon
Board of Fish Commissioners took the matter up, however, and by

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 43

order closed these streams to all fishing during the times of closed
season on the Columbia, and thus restored peace once more.

The conditions which prevail in Puget Sound adjacent to the
boundary between Washington and British Columbia have also been
the cause of serious anxiety to those interested in the perpetuation of
the salmon fisheries. The great schools of sockeye salmon which are
on their way from the ocean to the spawning beds in the Fraser River
pass through this section, and it is here that the greater part of the
fishing is done. The Province of British Columbia has made earnest
efforts to preserve this run, but unfortunately the same can not be
said of the State of Washington. The laws are fairly good, but
owing partly to the small force and facilities available for executing
them and partly to other reasons, they have not always been enforced
as they should be.

This condition of affairs on Puget Sound and similar conditions in
other boundary waters led the general Government to take up the
matter, and on April 11, 1908, a convention was concluded between
this country and Great Britain for the protection and preservation of
the food fishes in international boundary waters of the United States
and Canada. Both Governments appointed international commis-
sioners—Dr. David Starr Jordan for the United States and Mr. S. T.
Bastedo (who was succeeded later by Prof. Edward Ernest Prince)
for Canada—whose duty it was to investigate conditions prevailing in
these waters and to recommend a system of uniform and common
international regulations. After an exhaustive investigation the
commissioners submitted recommendations, which included the fol-
lowing affecting the boundary waters dividing the State of Washing-
ton and the Province of British Columbia, these waters being defined
as the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and those parts of Washington Sound,
the Gulf of Georgia, and Puget Sound lying between the parallels of
48° 10’ and 49° 20’:

GENERAL REGULATIONS,

3. Disposition of prohibited catch—In case any fish is unintentionally
captured contrary to the prohibitions or restrictions contained in any of the
following regulations, such fish shall, if possible, be immediately returned
alive and uninjured to the water.

4. Dynamite, poisonous substances, etec.—No person shall place or use quick-
lime, dynamite, explosive, or poisonous substances, or electric device in treaty
waters for the purpose of capturing or killing fish.

5. Pollution of waters.—No person shall place or pass, or allow to pass, into
treaty waters any substance offensive to fishes, injurious to fish life, or destruc-
tive to fish fry or to the food of fish fry, unless permitted so to do under any law
passed by the legislative authority having jurisdiction.

No person shall deposit dead fish, fish offal, or gurry in treaty waters, or on
ice formed thereon, except in gurry grounds established by the duly consti-
tuted authorities,

44 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

6. Capture of fishes for propagation or for scientific purposes.—Nothing
contained in these regulations shall prohibit or interfere with the taking of any
fishes at any time for propagation or hatchery purposes, and obtaining at any
time or by any method specimens of fishes for scientific purposes under authority
granted for Canadian treaty waters by the duly constituted authorities in
Canada and for United States treaty waters by the duly constituted authorities
in the United States.

12. Capture of immature salmon prohibited.—No salmon or steelhead of less
than 3 pounds in weight shall be fished for, killed, or captured in treaty waters.

13. Salmon weirs, etc., above tidal limits prohibited.—No salmon and no steel-
head shall be fished for, killed, or captured by means of a net of any sort,
any weir or any fish wheel, above tidal limits in any river in treaty waters.

14. Close season for sturgeon.—During the term of four years next following
the date of the promulgation of these regulations no sturgeon shall be fished
for, killed, or captured in treaty waters.

15. Capture of fish for fertilizer or oil prohibited.—Fishes useful for human
food shall not be fished for, killed, or captured in treaty waters for use in the
manufacture of fertilizer, or of oil other than oil for food or medicinal purposes.

16. Naked hooks and spears prohibited.—No spear, grappling hook, or naked
hook, and no artificial bait with more than three hooks, or more than one burr
of three hooks attached thereto, shall be used for the capture of fish in treaty
waters. This regulation shall not prohibit the use of a gaff in hook-and-line
fishing.

17. Torching prohibited.—No torch, flambeau, or other artificial light shall be
used as a lure for fish in treaty waters.

The following regulations relate specifically to the waters named:

STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA AND ADJACENT WATERS.

The following regulations (62 to 66, inclusive) shall apply to the Strait of
Juan de Fuca, those parts of Washington Sound, the Gulf of Georgia, and
Puget Sound lying between the parallels of 48° 10’ and 49° 20’ north latitude:

62, Close season for salmon.—F rom August 25 to September 15 in each year,
both days inclusive, no salmon or steelhead shall be fished for, killed, or cap-
tured for commercial purposes in these treaty waters; provided, however, that
in the waters to the westward of a line drawu southward from Gonzales Point
to the shore of the State of Washington silver salmon, or coho salmon, may
be fished for, killed, or captured from September 1 to September 15 in each
year, both days inclusive.

63, Weekly close season for salmon and steelhead.—From 6 o’clock Saturday
morning to 6 o'clock on the Monday morning next succeeding, no salmon or
steelhead shall be fished for, killed, or captured in these treaty waters.

It is, however, provided that in the waters to the westward of a line drawn
southward from Gonzales Point to the shore of the State of Washington the
weekly close season shall begin 12 hours earlier, and shall end 12 hours earlier.

64. Construction of pound nets.—All pound nets or other stationary appliances
for the capture of salmon or steelhead shall be so constructed that no fish what-
ever shall be taken during the weekly close season. The erection or addition
to the pound net of a jigger is prohibited.

65. Location of pound nets—All pound nets shall be limited to a length of
2,500 feet, with an end passageway of at least 600 feet between one pound net
and the next in a linear series, such distance being measured in continuation

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 45

of the line of direction of the leader of such net, and a lateral passageway
of at least 2,400 feet between one pound net and the next.

On and after January 1, 1911, the mesh in pound nets shall be 4 inches in
extension in the leader and not less than 8 inches in other parts of the net.

66. Nets other than pound nets.—No purse net shall be used within 3 miles
of the mouth of any river and no seine within 1 mile of the mouth of any river
in these treaty waters.

No gill net of ‘more than 900 feet in length or of a greater depth than 60
meshes shall be used in these treaty waters.

In Alaska previous to 1906 the conditions prevailing were very
similar to those in Oregon and Washington, but in that year Con-
gress enacted a comprehensive and excellent law regulating the fish-
eries, the enforcement of which was entrusted to the Bureau of Fish-
eries. The force of agents is still inadequate, although materially
increased in 1911, and its facilities for covering the territory are
very meager. Conditions approaching the ideal will not prevail
until these defects have been remedied; but respect for the fishery
laws in Alaska obtains very generally now as a result of their per-
sistent enforcement during the past five years.

VI. METHODS OF PREPARING SALMON.

CANNING.
EARLY DAYS OF THE INDUSTRY.

In the salmon industry canning is, and has been almost from
the time of the discovery of a feasible method of so preserving the
fish, the principal branch. The first canning of salmon on the
Pacific coast was on the Sacramento River in 1864, when Messrs.
G. W. and William Hume and Andrew 8S. Hapgood, operating
under the firm name of Hapgood, Hume & Co., started the work on
a scow at Washington, Yolo County, Cal. The Hume brothers, who
came from Maine originally, had been fishing for salmon in the
Sacramento River for some years before the idea of canning the
fish had entered their minds, while Mr. Hapgood had previously
been engaged in canning lobsters in Maine, and was induced by the
Humes to participate in order that they might have the benefit of
his knowledge of canning methods. The late Mr. R. D. Hume, who
worked in the original cannery and later became one of the best
known canners on the coast, thus describes the plant and the methods
employed: 4

Before the arrival of Mr. Hapgood [from Maine] the Hume brothers had
purchased a large scow, on which they proposed to do the canning of salmon,
and had added an extension to the cabin 18 by 24 feet in area, to be used as a
ean-making shop. This had a shed on the side next to the river for holding
any cans that might be made in advance of the packing season. A few days
after the arrival of Mr. Hapgood [March 28, 1864], the tools and machinery
were packed and put in position. Mr. Hapgood made some stovepipe and two
or three sheet-iron fire pots, and in a short time was ready for can making.
The following list of tools and machinery will shown how primitive our facili-
ties were as compared with present methods: 1 screw hand press, 1 set cast-
iron top dies, 1 set cast-iron bottom dies, 1 pair squaring shears, 1 pair rotary
shears, 1 pair bench shears, 1 pair hand shears or snips, 1 pair 24-inch rolls,
1 anvil (weight 50 pounds), 1 forging hammer, 1 tinner’s hammer, 1 set punches
for making stovepipe, 1 rivet set, 1 grooving set, 2 iron slabs grooved on one
side to mold strips of solder, 1 iron clamp to hold bodies of cans while solder-
ing the seams, 1 triangular piece of cast iron about three-eighths of an inch in
thickness and 6 inches in length, with a wooden handle attached to the apex,
also used for holding can bodies in place while being seamed.

a The first salmon cannery. By R. D. Hume. Pacific Fisherman, vol. 11, no. 1, Janu-
ary, 1904, p. 19-21.

46

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. Al

The process of canning was as follows: The bodies of the cans were first cut
to proper size by the squaring shears, a line was then scribed with a gage
about three-sixteenths of an inch from one edge, and they were next formed
into cylindrical shape by the rolls. They were then taken to the soldering
bench, and one edge lapped by the other until the edge met the line that had
been scribed and fastened there by being soldered a small part of the length
to hold them in place for the further purpose of seaming. They were then
placed either in the iron clamp, which had a piece of wood attached to its under
side, and held firmly, the clamp being closed by the operation of a treadle, or
were slipped on a piece of wood, which was bolted to the bench, while being
held in place by the triangular hand seamer, which was pressed down on the
lap of the seam by the left hand of the operator. When this had been done
a piece of solder, which had been prepared by shaking in a can together with
rosin, was placed on the seam, and melted and rubbed lengthwise of the seam.
After cooling the bodies were ready for the end or bottom, which operation
was brought about by first cutting out circular blanks with the rotary shears,
and then placing them in the cast-iron die, and bringing the handle of the
screw press around with a swing with force enough to form up the end or
bottom. In this operation there were many difficulties, as the ends or bottoms
would many times stick to the upper part of the die and refuse to come off, and
finger nails were pretty short in those days. To get the ends out of the lower
part of the die was not so bad, as a wooden plunger operated by a treadle
knocked them out, but sometimes they were in pretty bad shape. When the
bottoms or ends were ready they were slipped on the bodies, and the edge of
the bottom rolled about in a pan of powdered rosin until the seam was well
dusted. <A piece of solder similar in size and preparation as used for the side
seam was placed in the can. They were then placed on the smooth side of the
cast-iron slabs, and the operator, with a hot soldering copper shaped to fit the
circle of the can, melted the solder and, by turning the can rapidly, soldered
the full circumference. The output of this can factory was very imperfect, as
at least one-half of the seams burst, owing to the lack of experience of the
manager or want of good judgment.

When the can making was well underway Mr. Hapgood then turned his at-
tention to getting the apparatus for canning on board the house boat. This in
the cooking department consisted of a kettle made of boiler iron about 36 inches
in diameter and 5 feet in depth, set in a brick furnace and fired from under-
neath. Alongside was a round bottom cast-iron pot holding about 60 gallons
of water and heated in the same manner. These kettles, with a dozen coolers
or circular sheet-iron pans with ropes attached and with holes cut in the
bottoms for drainage, a set of 5-inch blocks and tackle, with a sheet-iron fire
pot and a scratch awl, completed the bathroom outfit. The can filling and
soldering room was furnished with a table through the center, where cutting
the salmon in pieces to suit and the filling of the cans was done. On each side
of the room there was a bench running the full length, on the end of one of
which the cans were placed to receive the pickle, which was used at that time
instead of the small quantity of salt that is placed in the cans during the opera-
tions of these later days. After the salmon had been cleaned by removing the
entrails and washing them outside the covered portion of the scow, they were
brought inside and placed on the table, and a man with a butcher knife in one
hand and a stick in the other, which had a mark showing the length of the
pieces desired, cut gashes in the side of the salmon as a guide, and then cut
the fish into sections corresponding to the length of the mark on the stick. He

101379°—11——4

48 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

then proceeded to cut the sections in pieces to suit the cans. Then three or.

four operators placed the salmons in the cans and shoved them along the table
to where a boy wiped the top edge and passed them along to two others who
placed tops which fitted inside of the rim. The cans were then taken in wooden
trays to the bench opposite the starting point, which was fitted with four sheet-
iron pots, and at the one nearest the entrance to the house on the scow a man
put a soldering flux on the top edge, which was made by adding zine to muriatic
acid, and then with a pointed soldering copper and a stick of solder melted
the solder until a small portion could be drawn around the groove formed by
the edge of the can and the bevel of the top. From there the cans were taken
to the other parts of the bench, where two men finished soldering the head in,
and then taken to the third man, who soldered, or, as it was called, buttoned
the end of the seam lap. The cooking department or bathroom, as it was
ealled, was separated from the filling and soldering room by a partition. The
cans were shoved through a hole in the partition.

At this time the process was a secret. Mr. Hapgood did the cooking and all
the work done inside, no one but a member of the firm being allowed to go in.
This privacy was continued until the firm moved to the Columbia River and,
the labor becoming too arduous for Mr. Hapgood to perform alone, a boy by
the name of Charlie Taylor was taken in as an assistant. * * #*

But to return to the original proposition: When the filled cans had been
soldered and entered the bathroom they were put in the coolers and lowered
into the cast-iron pot, one cooler of cans being cooked at a time. The cooler
was lowered into the boiling fresh water until the cans were submerged to
within 1 inch of the top ends and left to cook for one hour; then they were
hoisted out and the vent holes in the center of the top soldered up, after
which they were dumped into the boiler-iron kettle, which held a solution of
salt and water of density sufficient to produce, when boiling, a heat of 228° to
230° F. They were cooked in this solution for one hour and then taken out of
the kettle with an iron scoop shaped like a dip net, with a wooden handle
about 6 feet in length. They were dumped into a tank of water on the other
side of the partition which separated the bathroom from the packing room
through an opening in the partition, receiving many a bump and bruise in the
operation. Then they were washed with soap and rag to remove the dirt and
grease, each can being handled separately. Wher this was done they were
piled on the fioor of the packing room and in a few days were painted with a
mixture of red lead, turpentine, and linseed oil, for at that time buyers would
have no canned salmon, no matter how good the quality, unless the cans were
painted red.

When packs of 10,000 to 15,000 cases were made in a season only
the absolutely essential machinery was used, the rest of the work, such
as cutting and cleaning the fish and placing them in the cans, being
done by hand. When larger canneries were constructed, especially in
Alaska, where labor is expensive and difficult to obtain, the greater
part of the workmen having to be brought up from the States, ma-
chinery to do as much as possible of the work became absolutely
essential. The inventive genius of the country came to the rescue
and one by one machines for cutting and cleaning the fish, filling the
cans, putting the tops on, and washing them, were invented and put
into use, while automatic weighing machines were produced and
extensive improvements and alterations were made in the machines
previously in use. There are to-day many large manufacturing es-

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 49

tablishments which devote all or the greater part of their facilities
to furnishing machinery and supplies to this giant branch of the
salmon industry.

When salmon canning was in its infancy a pack of from 150 to 200
cases was considered a good day’s work. Now it is not an uncommon
occurrence for a cannery to turn out from 1,500 to 2,000 cases in one
day, and there are a few which have even greater capacity.

During the height of the salmon run a cannery is an exceedingly
busy and interesting place, and a description of the methods used at
the present time will show the giant strides the industry has made
since the days of Hapgood, Hume & Company.

HANDLING THE SALMON.

At convenient spots near the fishing grounds large scows and
lighters are anchored and the fishing crews deliver their catches
aboard these, the tallyman on each scow keeping a record and giving
the crew a receipt. Men fishing near the cannery deliver their catch
alongside. Steamers and launches are used to tow out empty
scows and bring in those filled. In the old days the fish were
pitched by hand into bins on the wharves, but this laborious method
has been superseded by the use of an elevator, which extends from a
short distance above the top of the wharf to the water’s edge, pro-
vision being made for raising or lowering the lower end according to
the stage of the tide. This elevator is slanting, and is made of an
endless chain operating in a shallow trough. About every 2 feet
there is attached to the chain a crosspiece of wood. At the top of the
elevator are chutes which deliver the fish at various convenient spots
on the cutting-room floor.

At a few places tracks have been run down to the low-water stage
and the steamers, launches, and scows come alongside these, small
cars being run down to meet them, and be filled by men pitching the
fish from the boats, the cars when filled being run up into the cutting
room and dumped upon the floor. At other places men armed with
pews (single-tined forks) pitch the fish up to the wharf, where other
men pitch them to the cutters.

If the salmon have been in the scows for from 20 to 24 hours they
are used as soon as possible after being delivered at the cannery:
otherwise that length of time is usually allowed to elapse, the can-
nerymen claiming that if not allowed to shrink the fish will be in such
condition that when packed much juice will be formed, so that in
“blowing,” after cooking, light-weight cans will be produced. The
danger of canning fish that are too fresh, however, is of minor im-
portance as compared with the tendency in the other direction.

Before dressing the fish a stream of water is kept playing over them
in order to remove the dirt and slime, after which men with pews
separate the different species into piles.

50 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
DRESSING.

The majority of the canneries still use the old hand method of
dressing the fish, and in such places the selection of the butchering or
dressing gangs is of prime importance. Two men constitute a * butch-
er’s gang,” and the number of these gangs is dependent upon the
output of the plant. Boys place the fish, with the head out, upon
the cutting tables. One man cuts off the heads, and is followed by
another who removes the fins, tails, and viscera. The offal is thrown
into a chute, whence it passes into the water under the cannery,
while the dressed fish is transferred to a tank of water, to be scaled,
washed, and scraped. It is then passed to another tank of water,
where it receives a second washing, scraping, and final brushing
with a whisklike broom, which removes any offal, blood, and scales
that were overlooked in the first washing, after which it is removed
to large bins on either side of the cutting machine.

The most useful cannery inventions in recent years have been of
machines for doing the work of the dressing gangs. Several have
been invented and work more or less satisfactorily. The one now
in general use in canneries where such machines are employed was
first used in 1903 at Fairhaven (now Bellingham), Wash. It removes
the head, tail, and fins and opens and thoroughly cleans the fish
ready to cut into pieces for the cans. By the use of these machines
the dressing gang is almost entirely done away with, dispensing with
15 to 20 men.

CUTTING.

The usual method of cutting the salmon is by a machine. This
is generally a large wooden cylindrical carrier, elliptical in shape,
thus having a larger carrying capacity. Ledges or rests on the outside
the length of the carrier are wide enough to hold the fish, and are
slit in cross section through the ledges and outer casing to receive
the gang knives. The latter are circular, fixed on an axle at the
proper distances apart, and revolve at the highest point reached by
the carrier and independently of the latter. The carrier and gang
knives are set in motion, each revolving on its own shaft. As a rest
on the carrier comes to a horizontal position, men stationed at the
fish bins lay a fish on each ledge as it passes. Thence it is conveyed
to the revolving gang knives and, after being divided, passes through
on the downward course, sliding off the rest into the filling chute.
The knives in these machines are so arranged as to cut the fish
transversely in sections the exact length of the cans to be filled.

The rotary cutter shunts the tail pieces to one side, and these are
carried by means of a chute to baskets. But few of the larger tail
pieces are canned, the rest being thrown away, this forming a con-

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 51

siderable part of the tremendous annual waste of the salmon can-
neries. As the tail portion is much smaller, with less meat, it can
not be placed in the cans with the middle and head sections without
detracting from their value, but if packed under a distinct and
separate label, as is now done in a few canneries, there is no reason
why the tails should not supply the demand for a cheap grade of fish.

In some of the smaller canneries, especially in those packing flat
cans, the gang knives are worked by hand. In this case the knives
are not circular, but elongated or semicircular in shape, tapering at
the outer ends. They are mounted on an axle having a large iron
lever at one end, and when this lever is raised the ends of the gang
knives are thrown up and back. The fish is then placed in position
under them and the lever pulled forward, the knives, with a scimitar-
like movement, dividing the fish.

The original method of cutting was by means of a long knife
wielded by a Chinaman who stood at a regular butcher’s block.
Although his strokes were incredibly quick, the rotary cutting ma-
chine is a vast improvement over the old way.

SALTING.

Every can of salmon is seasoned with one-fourth of an ounce of
salt, which, to insure uniformity, is added by mechanical means. A
table is used, in the top of which are holes equal distances apart.
On the under side of the top is a sheet-iron plate, with an equal
number of holes, which shdes in a groove at the sides, and is worked
either by a hand or foot lever. Just below is an open space large
enough to accommodate a tray holding 36 or 48 cans. A workman
stands in front of the table and shdes a tray of cans into the open
space. He then throws a quantity of salt upon the table and im-
mediately scrapes this off with a thin piece of wood, each hole being
filled in the operation, and the salt being prevented from falling
through by the iron plate underneath. The lever is then pressed, the
iron plate moves forward until the holes in it are directly under the
table top, when the salt drops through into the cans. This opera-
tion can be repeated four or five times in a minute.

FILLING THE CANS.

Most canneries now use filling machines, although a few, more
particularly those packing flat and odd-sized cans, still fill by hand.

The filling machine consists of a chute with a belt to which are
attached wire racks about 4 inches apart, set at an angle to prevent
the salt from spilling out, into which the salted cans are fed from the
floor above and pass into the machine. At the same time the divided
sections of salmon pass down another chute into the mouth of what

52 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

looks like a hand coffee mill. They pass through here down a
smaller chute and are forced by two dogs into a receptacle through
which the plunger, or filler, passes. Here the plunger comes opposite
the open mouth of the empty can, which when it reaches this point
is caught by a clasp or hook and held in front of the plunger, which
is immediately thrust forward through a chamber filled with salmon,
cutting the fish longitudinally and at the same time filling the
ean. The next movement forces the can out upon a table. When
running at full speed one of these machines will fill about 80 cans a
minute.

On being released by the clamp the cans roll upon a long table
and are picked up by a man stationed here, who strikes each one
upon a square piece of lead set in the table, in order to settle the
contents down into the can and for the purpose of detecting any
deficiency in weight. If not quite full the cans are pushed to the
other side of the table, where a man adds the quantity of fish needed,
a supply of small bits being kept at hand for this purpose. Gen-
erally the cans overrun in weight, frequently as much as an ounce.
Occasionally a can is weighed in order to see that the machine is
in perfect adjustment.

In the hand method the fillers stand on each side of a long table
with a trough running down the middle from end to end. This is
filled with the cut pieces of salmon, and the fillers, usually women
and children, put into the cans large pieces at first and then smaller
pieces to occupy the vacant spaces.

WASHING THE CANS.

The cans are put upon an endless belt by a workman and pass from
the filling-machine table to the washing machine. This is a rotating
apparatus, consisting of an iron framework holding 10 rests or
stands on which the cans sit. Immediately overhead are small per-
pendicular shafts with an iron cap, the diameter of a can, fixed to
the end of each. Each can as it reaches the machine is caught by
one of the washers and the cap brought down over the top, a tight-
fitting flange preventing water from getting inside. Revolving rap-
idly as it goes, with a stream of water against it of sufficient force
to remove the dirt and grease, the can is carried until the machine
has revolved 180 degrees, when it is released and passes out on a
belt. A more modern method is to use jets of steam for washing,
while one of the latest devices is to clean the cans by a cold-air blast
which strikes directly on the top edge. <A set of brushes against
which the cans revolve is used in a few canneries.

After being washed the cans continue on an endless belt and
pass two children whose duty is to put a small piece of scrap tin
on the top of each, These pieces are called “ chips,” are from 14

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 5d «

to 2 inches, and are scraps from the sheet tin used in making the
tops of the cans. The shape is of no particular importance so long
as the pieces are long enough to cover the hole in the top of the can,
or the cap as it is called.

CAPPING.

The endless belt delivers the can to the capping or topping ma-
chine. On reaching this the can passes under a cap holding a top,
the latter being fed in through a separate aperture, and the cap
immediately falls with just sufficient force to put the top on the can
without injuring either. The can is then forced out from under the
capper by the rotation of the machine, and the next capper is brought
around to receive another can. As the cans revolve they are carried
under a crimper, situated directly opposite the capper, which presses
the edge firmly around the body. While one can is being topped
another is being crimped, after which it rolls out upon a belt on its
side, and is taken through the acid trough. Before the tops are
sealed the edges must be treated with a solution of muriatic acid,
which is in a glass receptacle and is applied as the cans are rolled
through the acid trough on the endless belt.

SOLDERING.

For many years the tops and also all other parts of a can were sol-
dered by hand, a long, tedious, and expensive process, which even-
tually gave way to the soldering machine. This is composed of an
endless chain about 6 feet long, revolving around two shafts at either
end of an iron trough. In the bottom of the trough is the solder,
which is kept at molten heat by a row of oil blast jets underneath.
Between the lower part of the chain and trough is just enough room
for a can to pass without jamming, and they are forced along the
trough by a chain in contact with their sides. They enter the trough
at an angle, their bottoms shghtly inclined, which causes the top
rim to be submerged in solder, thus distributing it evenly all around
the edge.

In passing through the trough the cans make about half a dozen
revolutions, which cause the tops to become very hot, and it is to
prevent them from being blown off by the pressure of the steam
which quickly generates that the center hole in the top is made. The
“chip” previously mentioned prevents the hole from being choked
with salmon.

A soldering machine having, instead of the endless chain to give
motion to the cans, a metal spiral running the length of the machine
and revolving on an axle through the center, is used in some can-
neries. Each loop grasps a can and follows it to the end, thus giv-
ing the cans the proper motion and preventing them from rolling

54 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

side by side and lapping the solder over the ends, as is frequently the
case with the chain machines.

A few canneries use a revolving cooler, which has a disk upon
which the cans rest. This disk is filled with running water, and
after it makes two revolutions the cans are forced into an inclined
trough under a stream of water. The usual method, however, is
for the cans on leaving the soldering machine to pass under sev-
eral jets of water to set the solder and at the end of the belt to be
transferred by workmen to coolers or crates, which are made of flat
strap iron, square shaped, and hold about 96 cans. The crate having
been filled, it is placed upon a square truck and rolled aside, where
the vent holes are stopped with a drop of solder.

TESTING.

The testing tank is a square wooden tank filled with water heated
almost to the boiling point by steam pipes arranged in a coil at the
bottom. The crates are hoisted into the test tank by a block and
tackle attached to an overhead track, which permits the coolers to be
swung to any place desired.

This test is for the purpose of detecting leaks due to imperfect
soldering and is conducted by two workmen skilled in this operation.
The slightest leak is detected by the appearance of small bubbles
issuing from the cans. The spots where the bubbles appear are
marked with a small iron tool held in the hand, and the cans are
taken out and placed in small wooden trays, in which they are carried
to the bench men, whose duty it is to mend them. Cans that have
been mended are again tested as before. The bench men are located
in front of a long bench on which are numerous fire pots, supplied
with oil and air led through small tubes, in which the soldering irons
are kept heated, the heat and air being regulated by connecting
valves. Kerosene oil and gasoline are the fuels generally used now.

COOKING.

The salmon are invariably cooked in rectangular retorts which rest
in a bed and have a track running the long way. In front of each is
a turntable for the purpose of receiving trucks coming from any direc-
tion. Four trucks each holding 6 crates of cans, piled one upon
another, are run into the retort, which is then closed and steam
turned on, entering at the bottom. The amount of pressure is from
6 to 12 pounds, the heat 250° F. In most establishments the first
cooking is continued about 60 minutes.

After the first cooking the crates are taken out and placed on a
long table called a “ venting table,” where the cans are pricked with
a wooden-headed hammer fitted with a small brad, to allow the steam

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 55

and superfluous water to escape. After the venting has been done the
holes are soldered up, the crates again loaded on a truck and rolled
into the second retort, where they are subjected to the same pressure
of steam and heat as in the first cooking and for a period of about 60
minutes.

In some canneries the retorts for first cooking are made of heavy
plank, well bolted to resist the steam pressure.

In the early days much secrecy and mystery was thrown about the
cooking, and the work was carried on in a separate room, known as
the “ bathroom,” under lock and key. The first cooking was done in
common tubs. The early retorts were made of wood. Later, round
iron kettles were substituted, nearly one-half consisting of cover, and
round crates were used for holding the cans.

For many years cannery men believed that the double cooking of
salmon was absolutely necessary, but in 1898 Mr. F. A. Seufert, at
his cannery on the Columbia River, at Seuferts, Oreg., a short dis-
tance above The Dalles, discarded this idea, and has since used a one-
cooking method. By the new process the cans are tested for leaks
after the center hole in the top is soldered up, as before, and are left
in the retort 70 minutes at 245° F. and 12 pounds steam pressure.
According to its originator, this method saves more than one-half
the labor in the bathroom, saves nearly one-half the labor in washing
the cans after cooking, and also better retains the color of the fish.

SANITARY, OR SOLDERLESS, CANS.

A recent improvement in the canning business, and one which
accomplishes the same purpose as the single cooking in retorts, is that
of “sanitary cans,” so called. In order to use these cans a quite
radical, but economical, change in machinery is necessary. <As the
cans leave the filling machine they pass into a steam exhauster, con-
sisting of a box about 30 feet in length, in which are three. endless-
chain belts running side by side. Under and over each belt are steam
coils, and under each of the lower coils are single pipes, which
through small holes throw jets of live steam upon the coils, creating
an intense heat. The cans pass along the first belt, are then trans-
ferred to the second belt, on which they return to the entrance of the
box, whence they pass to the third belt, and continuing along this to
the end pass out to the topper and crimper, the whole operation occu-
pying five minutes’ time. One style of exhauster has 10 ovals formed
by the pipe, and the cans pass along these from side to side of the
exhauster until discharged at the far end. By this means the contents
of the can are heated and the greater part of the air exhausted, which
is the object of the first cooking in the retort under the method in
general use.

56 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

The topper and crimper is a circular machine with six rests for
the cans. The first work performed by the machine is to “true up”
the upper edge of the can, which 1s done by a plunger that presses
the upper flange of the can upon a shoulder. In the meantime the
top, which is coated around the outer edge with cement, has been
automatically fed into the machine, is now clamped on the can, and
by another operation is crimped on tight. The cans then leave the
machine on an endless conveyer and pass to the men who transfer
them to the coolers, and these are immediately placed upon the trucks
and run into the retort for the one cooking they are to receive. The
time they are to remain here is somewhat variable, 70 to 125 minutes
with a temperature of 242° F, being the common period.

By the use of these cans the soldering machine, and in fact all use
of solder and acid, is done away with, a distinct sanitary improve-
ment, for sometimes the substances would get into the can and cause
a deleterious chemical change in the contents. It also does away with
the first cooking and the subsequent venting and soldering, a saving
both in labor and time consumed.

REPAIRING CANS.

Imperfect cans which are repaired before the first cooking are
naturally in the same condition as if there had been no defects. If
the leaks are discovered after cooking and are repaired at once and
the contents recooked, they are still very good, the only difficulty
being that by blowing or venting them a second time they lose weight.
The above goods usually go in with the regular pack of their kind
and are not classed as regular “ do-overs.”

When, however, a cannery is running at full capacity, defective
cans can not always be repaired and recooked at once and are some-
times set aside for days. Decomposition follows, of course, as with
any other meat that is exposed to the air, and the fish becomes unfit
for food. When recooked the meat becomes mushy and the blowing
or venting makes the cans very light, a defect which is frequently
corrected by adding salt water. This, the “ do-over,” is the lowest
class of goods. In the old days, and even yet to some extent, such
cans are sold without labels to brokers, or else are given some indefi-
nite label, perhaps with the name of some fictitious cannery, and sold
in the lumber, mining, or negro districts, or shipped to foreign coun-
tries with less fastidious tastes in the matter of salmon. In 1910 one
of the leading companies of Alaska adopted the policy of throwing
overboard all “ do-overs.”

On coming from the second retort the crates are lowered into a
bath of lye, or, as in some canneries, the cans are run through such a
bath on an endless belt, which, with the aid of a slight rinsing and a

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 57

few rubs with a brush over the top, removes from the can all the
grease and other material, and then passes them into another bath
where the lye is washed off in hot fresh water. The cans then go to
the cooling room, where a stream of water is played upon them, or,
during rainy weather are placed out of doors upon the wharf, and
there allowed to cool.

The top and bottom of the cans contract in cooling, and for several
hours a sharp popping noise is heard. Here, as in nearly every proc-
ess through which they pass, the cans are again tested, this time by
tapping the tops with a small piece of iron about 6 inches long, or,
sometimes, a 12-penny nail. The sound conveys to the ear of the
tester an unmistakable meaning as to the condition of the can, and
the faulty cans that escape notice during the other tests are invari-
ably found in this one.

LACQUERING.

An almost universal custom in the salmon-canning industry, but
one that is not common in the canning of vegetables, fruits, ete., is
that of lacquering the cans. This idea of protecting the can on the
outside has been followed from the very beginning, for two reasons:
(1) That the English market which, at that time especially, absorbed
the greater part of these goods, insisted on their shipments being
finished in this way, and (2) from the fact, as these canners speedily
found out, that if they did not protect their cans in some way enor-
mous losses through rust would ensue.

The first experiment of this nature was to paint the cans by hand
with red paint, treating each singly. Next a composition of logwood
extract and alcohol was tried, which, however, did not produce satis-
factory results for a very plain reason—the can was dyed instead of
being lacquered. The next attempt was to varnish the cans with a
japan varnish reduced with alcohol, but this was found to dry too
slowly for speedy handling. After extended experimentation the
quick-drying brown lacquer of the present time was evolved, which
carries asphaltum in the form of an asphalt varnish as its base, this
being supplanted in some cases by gilsonite. This lacquer can be pro-
cured in either a heavy or light body, is generally reduced with ben-
zine or gasoline, and is applied according to the requirements of the
market, which in some localities demands a heavy coating and in
others a much lighter finish, the latter giving a rich golden brown
color. Some experiments have also been made in using brighter col-
ored lacquers for this work. Several of these, made to give a bright
golden, copper, or other color, are extremely attractive in appearance,
while at the same time protecting the tin against rust quite as well
as the brown,

58 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. ‘

The industry soon outgrew the hand method of lacquering, and the
process which for a number of years was universal in the trade, and
is still used by some canneries, succeeded it. For this there are a
number of rectangular box vats about 40 by 80 inches and 18 inches in
depth, the number varying with the capacity of the cannery. These
are usually lined with galvanized metal and provided with a grid-
iron-shaped iron frame, hung from a windlass or other tackle for
lifting or lowering from top to bottom of the vat. The cans are
loaded on this gridiron, being placed in an inclined position to allow
the draining of the lacquer, and are lowered in the vat sufficiently to
submerge them in the lacquer wifh which the vat is charged to a
depth of 7 to 10 inches. The loaded gridiron is then raised to the
top of the vat and the cans allowed to drain and dry before piling.
This method, while being more effective in regard to the volume of
work, was still of necessity a very slow and tedious operation. In
damp or rainy weather, especially when it is not possible to open
warehouse doors and windows, the gas arising from a number of
these vats makes effective drying almost impossible.

Another principal objection to this method of lacquering, which
applied also to all earlier attempts, was the impossibility of obtaining
an even coat of lacquer when the can was allowed to dry in any
stationary position. There was also a large waste by evaporation.

Notwithstanding repeated efforts at invention, however, it was not
until 1901 that an effective machine for handling this difficult work
was put on the market. The apparatus now in use by a number of
canneries receives the cans on a revolving wheel fitted with rests for
holding them while passing through the lacquer bath. From here
they roll upon an endless chain which revolves the cans as they pass
through a long box in which a hot blast dries them before they
reach the end of the machine. The rotating or rolling motion
given to the can after the lacquer bath, preventing the lacquer from
draining to and consequently accumulating on any part of its sur-
face, also has the effect of distributing the lacquer evenly and results
in a clean and neatly finished can. The air blast facilitates the work
of drying to such an extent that it requires only about two minutes
after being deposited on the drying bed of the machine for the cans
to be ready for handling, while the quantity of cans which can be han-
dled in a day is vastly greater than by the old method.

A few flat and oval cans are not lacquered, but are protected from
rust by wrapping in tissue paper, over which the label is placed.

LABELING.

While machines have been made for this purpose, and some of them
are in use, the work is usually done by hand. A number of men

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 59

seat themselves about 4 feet apart in front of the pile of cans.
Each man has in front of him a package of several hundred labels,
and by bunching them on a slant so that successive margins protrude
beyond each preceding, he can apply paste to the entire number with
one stroke of the brush. A can is placed on the label, is quickly rolled,
and the label is on much quicker than one can tell it. Each man
places to his right the cans he labels, forming a pile of length and
width equal to his unlabeled pile, and when the entire lot has been
labeled it has been shifted only about 4 feet. Cans of faney brands
of salmon put up on the Columbia River and in the Puget Sound
region are wrapped in colored tissue paper before the label is put on.
Cartons similar to those used by the sardine packers would make good
containers for fancy brands and would be much cheaper than the
present method.

Several attempts have been made to popularize salmon packed in
glass and porcelain jars, and while these have met with some favor,
it was not sufficient to warrant a continuance of the practice for any
length of time. None are being so packed at the present time.

BRANDS.

A very important feature of the canning industry is the selection
of appropriate brands or labels for the various grades of salmon.
Each company has a number of these, which it has acquired either
by designing them or by absorbing another company which owned
them. A well-known brand has a value in itself and sometimes is
a very important asset. A company will sometimes market a con-
siderable part of its product in one section, and here, where the
consumer has become familiar with the brand and pleased with the
contents of the can, he will ask for and accept no other, despite the
fact that the latter might be, and probably is, the equal of the
product he has been using.

Up to a few years ago one of the most serious evils in the trade
was the use of misleading and lying brands. The high-grade product
would almost invariably be correctly and fully branded, but “ chums ”
and “pinks” were usually branded as “Fresh salmon,” “ Choice
salmon,” ete., which would deceive all persons but those well ac-
quainted with the industry. ‘ Do-overs” and very poor fish were
usually marketed under a brand which bore the name of a fictitious
company or of no company at all.

The passage of State laws of varying degrees of efficiency govern-
ing the branding of salmon helped slightly to remedy this condition
of affairs, but it was not until the Pure Food and Drugs Act, approved
June 30, 1906, was put into force by the Government that any radical
improvement was noticeable. At the present time but few misiead-
ing brands are in use.

60 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
BOXING OR CASING.

A case of salmon generally contains 48 one-pound cans or their
equivalent, i. e., 24 two-pound cans or 96 half-pound cans. Some
canneries pack their half-pound cans in cases of 48. These cases are
usually made of wood and cost from 9 to 11 cents each knocked down.

CAN MAKING.

Some of the canneries in the coast States purchase their cans ready
made, but the usual method is to purchase the sheet tin and make
up the cans in the canneries. This is especially necessary in Alaska,
as it would be impossible to find room on the cannery ships for such
a bulk as they would make in addition to the other supplies necessary.
Furthermore, the making of cans provides work for a large part of
the crew, otherwise unemployed while the rest are getting ready the
other necessary paraphernalia. The work is done by machinery
and occupies several weeks’ time,

MILD CURING.

The beginning of the business of mild curing salmon, or “ sweet
pickling,” as it is sometimes called, is of comparatively recent date.

In 1889 a German dealer came to the Columbia River and tried to
interest some of the cannery men in the business. Messrs. J. O. Han-
thorn, M. J. Kinney, and J. W. Cook were persuaded to prepare
some, and the plant of the Northwest Cold Storage Company, at
Portland, was used to keep the fish at a low temperature during
repacking and preparation for shipment. These fish were shipped
to Germany, but the shippers received no financial returns, word
coming back that the fish were not satisfactory.

Owing to this lack of success from the first effort no further at-
tempt was made until 1894, when Mueller & Loring, of Chicago, put
up a carload of mild-cured salmon at Kalama, Wash., and shipped it
to Germany. In 1896 Charles Ruckles and Wallace Brothers, of
Kalama, packed several carloads for the German market. It was
not until 1898 that the business was permanently established on the
Columbia, the Trescott Packing Company and 8. Schmidt & Sons
putting up plants at Warrenton and Astoria, respectively.

In 1900 the Trescott Packing Company began packing the spring
and fall runs, and the Sacramento River Packers’ Association packed
the fall run, on the Sacramento River, the business being carried on
here every year since.

In 1901 the Sacramento River Packers’ Association began at Monte-
rey the mild curing of the spring salmon that were taken with hook
and line in the open ocean.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 61

S. Ellmore & Company started the industry in 1902 at Tillamook,
and the business began on Puget Sound in 1901, when the San Juan
Fishing & Packing Company and the Seattle Fish Company took
it up.

Prior to 1906 several of the Alaska cannery men put up each season
a few tierces of mild-cured salmon, but it was not until this time
that the industry really began as such. In that year J. Lindenberger
(Inec.) started packing at Ketchikan, Alaska. The following year
several other plants were started, and in 1910 almost all of the king
salmon taken in southeast Alaska were mild cured.

In mild curing the fish are split down the middle, the head, tail,
and all fins except the pectorals removed, and the backbone cut out.
The fish is then in two halves. Each of these halves, or sections, is
then scored on the outside eight or nine times with the knife. They
are then thrown into a cleaning vat, and here the inner side of each
section is carefully scraped clear of blood and membrane with a
knife, while the outside is thoroughly cleaned with a scrubbing
brush. The sections are then laid carefully inner side up in another
vat partly filled with clear, cold, running water, or into a tierce
partly filled with fresh water and cracked ice, in which they remain
for an hour. Formerly the fish were put into brine, but it has been
found that ice water answers the purpose much better. After being
thoroughly cooled, the sections are salted down in the tierces, each
one being laid with its tail toward the center. Usually about 50
whole fish are required to fill a tierce. The fish are but hghtly
salted, and owing to this fact must be kept in cold storage until used.

In the early days of the industry different preparations, which
included salicylic and boracic acids, were used to help preserve the
fish. This caused much complaint from the Germans, and finally
their Government subjected our product to a rigid inspection, with
most salutary results, as now it is one of the purest and best prod-
ucts put up on this coast, the use of acids being done away with
entirely.

The king salmon is almost invariably the species mild cured, being
the only one large enough to answer the requirements of the trade.
In 1907 a Ketchikan, Alaska, packer put up a quantity of coho, dog,
and humpback salmon, but he found so much difficulty in disposing
of the product that he abandoned further efforts in this line.

The principal consumers of the mild-cured salmon are the smokers,
who take them from the tierce, wash them for a few minutes, and
then have a practically fresh fish to smoke, and not, as in the days
when hard-pickled salmon were used, one that had lost most of its
oil and flavor through the excessive amount of salt needed to pre-
serve it.

62 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

The greater part of the product put up on this coast goes to Eu-
rope, Germany being the principal consumer, but considerable quan-
tities are sold in Norway, Sweden, and other countries, while the
smokers of the cities east of the Rocky Mountains use large ship-
ments every year.

PICKLING.

The earliest method of preserving salmon on the coast was by
pickling. At times this industry attained to large proportions, but
during the last 10 years it has been declining, largely because of the
increasing popularity of mild-cured salmon. All species of salmon
are pickled, but the most popular is the red salmon.

In dressing salmon for pickling the heads are removed, the fish
split along the belly, the cut ending with a downward curve on the
tail. The viscera and two-thirds of the backbone are removed, and
the blood, gurry, and black stomach membrane scraped away. The
fish are then thoroughly scrubbed and washed in cold water. They
are next placed in pickling butts with about 15 pounds of salt to
every 100 pounds of fish. The fish remain here about one week, when
they are removed, rubbed clean with a scrub brush, and repacked in
market barrels, one sack of salt being used to every three barrels of
200 pounds each. About 40 to 52 red salmon, 25 to 35 coho salmon,
70 to 80 humpback salmon, 10 to 14 king salmon, and 25 to 30 dog
salmon are required in packing a barrel of pickled salmon.

A few salteries also pack “bellies.” This product is merely the
belly of the fish, which is the fattest portion, and as most of the
packers threw away the rest of the fish, thus causing a very large
waste of choice food, this method has come under the ban of the law
in some of the coast States and in Alaska. As a result but few
“ bellies ” are packed now, and most of these only when some economic
use is made of the remainder. Humpback salmon furnish the major
part of the “ belly ” pack.

DRY SALTING.

During the progress of the Russian-Japanese War the preparation
of dry-salted dog salmon became an important industry, but as soon
as the Japanese fishermen resumed their former occupations the de-
mand fell off so much that the industry was virtually abandoned in
the United States, although a number of Japanese continue it in
British Columbia. The fish, after being dressed, were packed in
boxes, in salt, these boxes holding about 560 pounds of fish, and were
shipped in this condition to Japan.

At a number of places in Alaska the bellies of red and coho salmon
are cut out and salted, after which the backs are dried in the sun and,

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 63

thus cured, are used for fox food at the numerous fox ranches. This
product is called “ ukalu.”

SMOKING.

The smoking of salmon is virtually a continuation of the pickling,
as the fish must be pickled before being smoked, the main purpose of
the pickling being to preserve them until the time arrives for smok-
ing, which may be weeks or months after the fish are caught. For
smoking them the salmon are taken out of the barrel and soaked
until as much as possible of the salt is removed. They are then put
into the smokehouses and subjected to the heat and smoke of a fairly
hot fire for about two days in order that they may be thoroughly
dried and hardened. Exposure to a smoldering fire (alderwood is
a favorite fuel) for about three days completes the process.

For shipment smoked salmon are packed in wooden boxes, oil
paper being placed between the fish.

A variation of the smoking process is known as “ kippering.”
With this method the salmon are dried in a hot fire for about 20
hours and then smoked over another hot fire for about 24 hours.
The “ buckling” process is also similar to this.

Dog and king salmon are often cut into steaks and kippered. As
the sale of white-meated king salmon is somewhat hampered by the
whiteness, the smokers use a coloring preparation, known in the
trade as Zanzibar carmine. This gives the outside of the fish a deep-
colored red gloss, but leaves the inside its natural white color. The
steaks are wrapped in paper and packed in baskets holding 10 pounds
each. —

A smoked product known locally as “beleke,” is put up at Kodiak,
Alaska, from red and coho salmon. Steelhead trout are the best
for this purpose, but are not often utilized owing to their scarcity
in this region. In preparing “beleke” only the backs of the fish
are used, the belly part being cut out and pickled separately. The
backs are divided into three grades, according to size, viz, “ small,”
“medium,” and “large.” They are first put into a brine, the “ large”
being put in first, followed by the “medium” and “small” at in-
tervals of 1 hour each, so that all will be cured at about the same
time. The coho backs, being the largest, are kept in the brine from
19 to 20 hours, while the red salmon backs, which are smaller, re-
main in the brine only about 16 hours. After being thoroughly
salted the backs are removed from the brine and rinsed in fresh
water, then hung in the air for about 24 hours to dry and to allow
a thin skin to form on the outside. They are then hung in the smoke-
house, in the presence of a little fire of cottonwood or alder. On dry
days the gable windows are thrown open and the wind allowed to

101379° —11——5

64 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

pass through while the smoking is going on. The smoking must
be done slowly, two weeks being devoted to it.

There is a good demand for this product locally, the fish selling
for from 15 to 20 cents a pair, but little effort has been made to ex-
tend its sale outside of central Alaska.

FREEZING.

The process of preserving fish by freezing was first introduced
in 1888. Previous to this the comparatively ancient method of
packing with ice, or in rare instances letting the fish freeze naturally
during the winter months, was followed. Packing with ice is in
quite general use to-day fer shipments of fish which are to be pre-
served for short periods of time. Cooling with ice never results in a.
temperature lower than 32° F., which, of course, does not freeze
the fish.

The freezing of salmon end steelhead trout began on the Sacra-
mento and Columbia Rivers in the late eighties. It was taken up
in a small way on Puget Sound in 1892. That year Wallace Bros.
and Ainsworth & Dunn froze a small lot, and the venture was so
successful that the next year nearly all of the wholesale dealers on
the Sound took up the business. In Alaska the preparing of frozen -
salmon began in 1902. The San Juan Fishing & Packing Company,
soon to be succeeded by the Pacific Cold Storage Company, put up a
cannery and cold-storage plant at Taku Harbor, in southeast Alaska,
in 1901, though it did not operate the cold-storage portion until 1902.
This is the only plant which has operated in Alaska, although the
New England Fish Company erected in 1909 a large plant at Ketchi-
kan for the freezing of halibut primarily, but will probably freeze
salmon also.

The freezing of salmon is almost invariably carried on in connec-
tion with other methods of handling and preserving, and the purpose
is usually to secure the fish when numerous and cheap, freeze them,
and then hold them until the runs are over and the fish are once
more in good demand at high prices. The business proved so profit-
able, however, that the dealers began to look for wider markets for
their product. Europe, more especially Germany, was prospected
and a profitable market soon delevoped, with the result that to-day
frozen Pacific salmon can be secured in nearly every town of any
size in western Europe, while large quantities are marketed all over
our own country.

There are four important features in packing and using frozen
salmon: (1) To get fresh fish; (2) to keep them cold (about 15°
above zero) after they are frozen; (3) to keep a coat of ice on them,
and (4) to allow them to thaw slowly in cold water before cooking.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 65

In selecting salmon for freezing only the finest and freshest of
each species are used. The current belief that freezing destroys the
flavor of the fish is erroneous, the flavor depending entirely upon the
condition before freezing, and the quicker they are frozen after
being caught the better will the natural flavor of the fish be pre-
served. Frozen salmon are just as wholesome as fresh, and their
chemical constituents are almost identical. The danger lies in the
temptation to freeze the fish after decomposition has set in, but,
fortunately, this is now very rarely practiced in the salmon industry.

The coho, or silver, and the chum, or dog, salmon are the choicest
of the salmons for freezing. The other species except the red, or
sockeye, which is too oily and rarely frozen, are also frozen in vary-
ing quantities. The steelhead trout, which is ranked by the Pacific
coast dealers among the salmon, is considered the choicest fish of all
for freezing.

One of the most modern plants on the coast—that of the New
England Fish Company, at Ketchikan, Alaska—has four freezers,
each 25 feet by 10 feet 6 inches, in which a temperature of from 25°
to 80° F. below zero can be maintained if desired, although a tempera-
ture of more than 10° below zero is rarely ever required. All freezing
is by direct expansion and each freezer is piped with about 2 feet of
1j-inch pipe per cubic foot of freezing space. The bunkers in the
freezers are in pairs, each nine pipes wide, spaced 10 inches apart.
This leaves a 34-foot passage through the center of each freezer
opposite the 34 by 64 foot swing doors. The salmon are laid on
pans, which are placed on the tiers of pipes.

After freezing, the salmon are passed through openings in the
rear of the freezers into the glazing room, which has a temperature
of about 20°F., where they are dipped into water, and when removed
are covered with a thin glaze of ice, which may be thickened by re-
peated dippings. This is an extra precaution to exclude the air
from the fish.

After being thoroughly frozen and glazed, each fish is covered
first with a parchment, like rolls of butter, and then with a piece of
heavy brown paper. They are then packed in boxes holding about
250 pounds each, placed in the cold-storage cars and shipped.

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS.

A few years ago a company on the Columbia River put up what
was known as “fish pudding.” In preparing this the salmon was
ground fine, mixed with milk and eggs, and then packed in tin cans.
The preparation was soon abandoned.

In 1903 one of the Point Roberts canneries packed a new product
which was called “salmon paste.” For this the fish was ground up,

66 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

cooked, seasoned with spices, etc., and made into fish balls, a very
palatable dish when warmed over.

In 1905 a Seattle concern began the manufacture of wienerwurst
sausages from halibut and salmon.

The Indians in the Bristol Bay region of Alaska occasionally
dress the skins of salmon and make of them leather for the tops of
boots, also bags and other small articles.

Every year immense quantities of salmon roe are thrown away
in the fisheries of the west coast, though there is but little doubt
that, if properly prepared, a market could be found for this now
waste part of the fish. In France there is a good market for a
product known as “rogue,” which is the spawn of cod, haddock,
hake, and pollock salted in casks, and which is used as bait in the
sardine fisheries. Salmon spawn is the choicest and most successful
bait used on this coast, and if properly prepared would undoubtedly
answer the purpose as well, if not better, owing to its oiliness and
attractive color, than the regular “rogue.” The roes should be
soaked for some days in old brine and then packed in strong casks
holding about 25 gallons each. It might also prove to be a good bait
for tolling mackerel on the Atlantic coast.

In 1910 a considerable quantity of salmon roe was prepared in
Siberia and sold in competition with caviar, which is prepared from
sturgeon eggs. The product met with favor in Europe and several
Alaska firms are preparing to put it up in 1912. It should be pre-
pared in the same manner as caviar.

Several establishments are putting up these eggs in jars and her-
metically sealed cans for use as bait in sport fishing.

A product which was first made in Norway is prepared by means
of an invention which quickly dries and pulverizes the flesh of
fresh fish. The resulting powder, called “fish flour,” is easy to
transport from one place to another and has great nutritive value.
It is probable that the tailpieces of the fish, which are at present
thrown away, and the cheaper grades of salmon might be prepared
in this way and thus furnish another market for salmon.

OIL AND FERTILIZER.

As early as 1888 there was a small plant at Astoria, Oreg., where
the refuse of the canneries was utilized for the manufacture of oil and
fertilizer. In that year 8,000 gallons of oil (chiefly from salmon
heads), and 90 tons of fertilizer were prepared. The oil was worth
221 cents per gallon and the fertilizer had a market value of $20
per ton. Most of the refuse was dumped into the river, however.
In 1898 a similar plant was established in the Puget Sound district

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 67

of Washington, but for some reason the industry has languished
almost from the start.

In 1882 the Alaska Oil & Guano Company established a fertilizer
plant at Killisnoo, Alaska, for the extraction of oil and fertilizer
from herring, and has operated the plant continuously ever since. In
some years large quantities of whole salmon have been handled at this
plant, and the resulting product was found to sell as well as that
from herring.

Probably the most serious evil in the salmon industry to-day is the
enormous wastage which annually occurs. About one-fourth of the
total weight of each fish handled at the various packing plants is
thrown away. With the exception of the tailpiece, which is dis-
carded at most canneries owing to the excessive amount of bone
which would be in the product if canned, this waste material could
not be utilized as food, comprising as it does the head, viscera, fins,
and tail. When not conveniently near the very few fertilizer plants
at present in operation this product is either allowed to pass through
chutes into the water under the cannery, or is dumped into scows
and towed to the ocean or the deeper waters of the sounds, and here
thrown overboard. ‘This procedure, not only exceedingly wasteful,
is also far from beneficial to the waters where deposited.

The great desideratum in the salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast
at the present time is the invention of a small odorless-fertilizer
plant, costing not more than $2,500 or $3,000, which can be installed
at the various salmon canneries and salteries. The offal from the
cannery could there be utilized and the product obtained would
doubtless net a fair return on such an investment, while at the same
time the present (in the aggregate) enormous waste would be stopped,
and the waters adjacent to the canneries rendered far more agreeable
to the fishes as well as to the people on shore. It is absolutely essen-
tial that the plant shall be odorless, as the smell of the ordinary fer-
tilizer establishment would be very offensive to persons visiting the
cannery and would not enhance the demand for canned salmon. At
the present time the cheapest plant available costs about $10,000, and
very few canneries can afford to invest this sum of money in the dis-
posal of their own offal alone.

VII. STATISTICS OF THE PACIFIC SALMON INDUSTRY IN 1909.

This is the first report in which detailed statistics of the salmon
fisheries of Washington, Oregon, California, and Alaska have been
shown for the same year. Partial statistics of British Columbia and
Yukon Territory of the Dominion of Canada are also included.

PERSONS EMPLOYED.

The large army of 28,945 men, women, and children were employed
in the salmon fisheries of Alaska and the three coast States. Alaska
leads with 11,433, followed by Washington, Oregon, and California
in the order named. Over two-thirds of the grand total is made up
of whites. The Chinese and Japanese have almost the same number,
while 2,803 Indians were employed.

PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE Pactric COAST STATES AND
ALASKA IN 1909.

Occupation and race. Alaska. ene Oregon. Califor- Total.
on. nia.
Fishermen: ,
WIVES S.arciciscie tea ncn ee te Scere emi me ceciee cree eae 2,486 4,426 4,179 2,114 13, 205
UM GIANG seven Smee s stare! esis eee er tee ie nea aie 1,176 | DU oa Spajnrnsevdiavell =) ehzharetete eye's 1, 397
GHINCSE x ticncio= hc obieenis Se Hehe cis eeaaid a 2 ce SS eter o5sele|| Sie gues relsraremnl ore eretatatereperal|[apaioresiefeenare 15 15
IADANCSOR Eo ptakceracs 2 cheat Sra se Nera are re eee tee 13 |..-..-----|----+----- 168 181
Motale co<2- Sees dew do pieces os Geneeee ; an 3,675 4, 647 4,179 2,297 14, 798
Shoresmen: | ,
WWiLTEES See See set Stork ras sera oe Serenata eee » 1,911 2,091 404 276 4, 682
UnGian§). 2c... 22 cose dws ndsecece secaees ce peace 22 oe 1, 246 | 115s| 32233525 15 15376
(GHINESO<.2.66 4082.42 Sones a Se ee 1,992 | 1, 270 ANS oss ae emer 3, 673
DV APANESC Aree crm aap oh ke atelier 2,136 | 1,102 256 5 3, 499
Mo talle se aah Sete us Sige s neo tae ss Se eee rere 7,285 4,578 O07 296 13, 230
Transporters
IWiIDMES. 22 3): 3.2 Sees cine Dases sete ee eee ee 443 | 292 70 82 887
MGA Ses joes ey oe ee sae oe 2a eee eee 80} |20c% wes dong Steed age emece 30
Potal case hassisniciccesSOses ee eee meee eee ee 473 | 292 70 82 917
Total: 1
Wihites’.62 22 22522 shai terearc oie sees area eee | 4, 840 6, 809 4, 653 2,472 18, 774
BT QI aTIS eS 5 es ee eee ee eee: | 2,452 336; |ssccScecte 15 2,803
ChHineS@. 5... oc ssc eee sciceces seems ease Shc iateleate 1,992 1, 270 411 15 3, 688
VAPANESC 4 oiaps 8 2 often. ew cicineivie semiae ihe eee ee a Se | 2,149 | 1,102 256 173 3, 680
Grand etopale ses sss ee 11, 433 9,517 5, 320 2,675 | 28,945
INVESTMENT.

The total investment in the salmon fisheries was $25,157,813, of
which Alaska furnishes more than one-half. Gill nets are the princi-
pal form of apparatus in use, followed by stationary traps, or pounds,
diver nets, haul seines, purse seines, ete.

68

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

69

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE Pactric Coast STtares AND ALASKA

IN 1909.

Alaska. Washington. Oregon.
Items.
ie Value. pees Value. nie Value
Transporting vessels:

IROWEE ViGSSCISc = occoccua sence c sco ceesciooee 133 | $1,067, 944 93 | $440, 500 30 | $119,900
MOTTA ES «,cie.cvstesiaicispre.s 2215 dpaienindisieisienais/s Dy OUL sacs een. WBS: |G sacoromutete acs Sain acs 22.3
OUR soe c cnt esecntncsececcae esse 2e|'sS.c0cbs 266,986 |........ 195;(629) | 2-02.20 250,300
DALIN Et VCSSEIS cas 2 oa aa /slae eras’ acta as 2 aro cictao'e 5 Hel oat 0220] eee ee een | eee Me ot eee nl ae
OUNBL Chie sors stele ccew omer ciaosie sees DO COLL yarns aise eared eratereya us aha fe slo ana (areas aes en eee
COUGH So adc araeninc Geen aie wine aoe Ses |e aseas LOS O20 Ns 2oaces | <aenecemss Eee eae aneaercens
IBOWOIsDOAUS Gee nome eases aaa oee sinless 17 24, 840 5 3, 950 15 28, 900
ishing DOAtS, POWEL.<..2..-20--cceceeece eens 60 30, 000 464 472, 650 287 139, 600
Fishing boats, sail and row.................... 1,821 211, 671 2,244 | 128,945] 1,890 224, 545
BeOws alld NOUS DOMtS 2-22. cee cc sc cs hdc. 310 171,005 398 | 168,673 1i4 45, 050
PT CROLIVOUS oyna, cimeesase'62 alee winanieleciele aoe ee sasese 43 90, 555 62 | 124,350 2 1,800

Apparatus, shore fisheries:
PETIT) SOLOS tae ca reo a tera ale etme alminis ajc eels 98 27,188 LOU, “Aa 160! eee ncleosecaces®
EPA SOI CS hr ee ece ce nsec maein-Saenc rem 94 27,731 246 28, 955 48 16, 280
GHUINTICES SONG cam acm st orec ence ae an eos 1,209 111, 756 1,620 168, 831 2,818 523, 331
MEIER GSISC leh oy srerssyata a ota retern ate aioncl ton ee eines cere |S Samat 1, 624 37, 259 1,122 27,614
IDIVEN NOUS cso cb Gcln ce wieccancmeses sate fonavcd - a/aillolaerereistaisiote ois 48 10, 160 418 22,375
AUTADS StAGOMALY 2 .o.6 a's anatase erermsionciep sides 73 130, 794 525 |1, 324, 968 21 25, 750
PUT ADS SMOALIN Oo comccmosciista enc csceceae NG 21, 250 1 2000! levees Se teaes tose
MREGRNGIS: a acee ane accoansee sas accion ses saml| Ome syerate) Seba eames 9 45 DOW | ncion.cie-|sbiarwc deine
WING EISP SL AION ARV ar ate ser ammierere siete tao ios lame ec |p eetce eee 13 76, 000 26 313,000
IWIHEEISS SCOW.- cece nse sa sme cecee tess |-eee steel odetecesene 3 8, 500 9 22,000
SS; try gO Nee 4 Se hee a a ee ey re 20 OU [eaestsmabaciecneece +|oasoons ease wanes
TOFRAYSS Sinto) Nh 1 a ee er oe oe See eee ee Pea 523 |----.--- DOU | tatotatn= 2 eee Saeeares
WINGS NANG seca s yen one so acen ems naas yalemeaciece |seeestea nee [eminem shallow me ee Nese sees aman ceeeete
HHOre And ACCESSOLY: PLOPELtYaiacs wacecs ccc |o cen cene 5;.0015 259.45 tak - 1; 730,080 |........ 1,554, 780
(CEC OUGET SU Ten eae Rene eee oso | Se Bae 4,970, 799 |...--..- 1, 424,500 |.-...... | 551,500
eee aes ee en ee: co adh ee er # 13, 948, 271 | ee 6, 334, 807 |........ | 3,641,775

|
California. Total.
Items.
Number.; Value. | Number. Value.
Transporting vessels:

TED) SH OST e) EER ee nS nee eA a 4 | $37,748 260 | $1,666,092
PI OUITTA SG 5h aiatacis:d asliste Ste nia'sic erate ee oe creine Binion ieininleeiereses cic 3 oA ee eee 1yd00) Vonnedeeeccmc
OU Gi soe aston eae scices «eC nemo aatine sncc's <|zacedecsed 35920) 22 eece2ces 431, 881
SUIT PAV CSSEIS sea ale aicynr aw atata le aiarainrs Seidte'c were eietecmsie Seas aGmeard| cicisina dees ferere bn Se orcs 4 1,085, 400
SIO YRE A Ce earerteeraes = Danes Sia rene Ge SP o emin cena | acceeeme|ncsactie soe ‘9 Pardon Lal peeceare™ ae Sean
OTN Greet ecg lem ieie coro alae oc crafoeinre Oe saa estererctcim era's aRishciorwiaesailies. dem siwiniasall add se 108, 540
HES OW GE DIOLS tees See arate wxsterecais io acs oa efeitos 4 einioscisc alee: 41 63, 300 78 120, 990
PPSERIT PAO OB LS) POW Gl saeceeins ae cn tec er owceccesk aeecctee~ ote ac alyal 91,050 982 733, 300
ISHII: DOA(S »SALL ANG TOW oh c.cia cn oh Sasa acieinessoseene esas 1,158 | 128, 245 wale 693, 406
DEO WS AN GMNOUSE) DORE ca.0!- 5 aisicisleacsic wins mies ocles Seisleededss ae a 50 13, 925 872 398, 653
POs: GE UGIND 3 SONS Se 2 Ie COE Ee Ceres Scie ae a nee re bn! [nia eee Peer 107 216, 705

Apparatus, shore fisheries:
TPAD RS(E SCET AY 25S pe ee | | ee ee a 199 71, 338
SEP PEUISO TI CGree ee ect oe yates co oars see cee ace wee eee ee as 47 5, 650 b 435 78, 616
GOUITIG LS MOL = 3 eae came inn cacao eas 2 ecspiena seen 1,086 167,570 ¢ 6, 733 971,488
CRG ES SOU sie sham cporeraioin aw miele sac aineiceecene ccoaseasulewee dwn nae |sencinlecens d 2,746 64, 873
DLC EIST OTS mie ees ae rien eS ne a telo een arocmnre ce ceeee-ebclal od ae Saeed | oats wore are €466 32, 535
BUPA StS LM PIOM ALY nc. atcrcyajarscnasa- vais aimnwiors Sielsianns-clesaiaiwicie wise] = eieleies Js ebigis cts acs 619 1,481,512
PUTS MO GAI es aia aerate we ste siete are Ao ase sea eis so Sais aes Speyer eiw oe Bice ane | eis poses Sme 16 23, 250
HUCORMECtS eke «soe hs oe eke cps oes a coenes ceo oecancaces|gecccn dess| Sec obec ke 9 4,500
WWiteelS StAGONALY sce rcoe<s cactaswancelseisicinesecacesc|edcees Sansleecccce sce 39 389, 000
VIR GCISMSCO Wit Soticiseras teak ee data: pa cecicace es |ace ss Sdame|taleuidde as 12 30, 500
ROADS een eer oe Snes sii amictee awaio Sis a aise ate eevee dia Sa see leyeise |Sakeincce x = 20 30
SSICS SOMO MIN Pes a 23's j Beh tairaiacinse eisisis civ. aiersia visilccnjae eaeces|Ssainec 0's LAO) eins ota 1,933
TE BOVESL jas 10 6 UE SRS Ep ee mec we ane nye ne Se me cn 1 ee eee 10
DHOTELANGiAGCESSOLY PLOPCCty «<0. 62 --eeecnceccevaserscaccece|scnseseens AQT 300. | acute coca 9, 383, 462
GERTC ADIL setae sais clacPuwiaats oo oanaae cre menismaudien shoes ccarlee | Snicitenseies 223; 000) [2 22sec 7, 169,799
BUR bed Meese es ir ois ac Sesh orc ~ nferey enn rae eae wicareisie alorarala elise ouetowe x 1: 252;,9605| 2.225 2 ce oe | 25, 157, 813

a Aggregate length of 104,570 yards.
b Aggregate length of 111,558 yards.
¢ Aggregate length of 2,356,847 yards.

d Aggregate length of 151,655 yards.
e Aggregate length of 65,800 yards.

70 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
PRODUCTS.

The total products amount to 365,336,482 pounds, which returned
the fishermen $7,224,024. Bluebacks, sockeyes, or red salmon were
most numerous in Alaska and Washington, chinooks in California,
coho or silver, dog or chum, and steelhead trout in Washington, while
humpbacks were taken commercially in Alaska and Washington
alone, being especially numerous in Alaska.

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF ALASKA AND THE PAcIFIc CoAst STATES

IN 1909.
Alaska. Washington. Oregon.
Species.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Blueback, sockeye or red.....-. 116,014, 486 | $1,029,079 | 77,280,989 | $2,835, 666 844, 324 $34, 703
Chinook, king or spring........ 8,959, 544 151,984 | 11,016,476 604,906 | 13,952,814 736, 456
Coho, silver or white......._... 3,526, 404 41,233 | 21,328, 466 554, 157 5, 184, 520 127, 204
Mor or chum .22- a2 access. cecee 9, 456, 048 15,583 | 25,520, 426 164, 300 699, 348 3,818
Humpback or pink.....-.......| 37,965,928 95,065 | 17,495, 586 46,187 |: cooceece | ate teciae
Steelhead trout..............-.. 11, 650 400 | 2,427,251 130,486 | 1,510,285 66, 802
Dotalscset eco naesoe ests 175,934,060 | 1,333,344 |155,069,194 | 4,335,702 | 22,191,291 968, 983
California. Total.
Species. -
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Blueback, sockeye or red..............-- bdeesiiteces 21,000 $689 | 194,160,799 | $3,900, 137
Chinook, ing Or Spring. .... .s22.2--ssces- Sees necees 11, 962, 248 580, 094 45, 891, 082 2,073, 440
Coho, silveror white. 3....:22se=-.2acaeee2e-se 2 a 145, 500 4,575 30, 184, 890 727,169
DO PAOVK CHUN 5 fps cree foes sea Se ye. SE coe ie 4, 200 84 35, 680, 022 183,785
Enum baGks On pin kes. «Soe oes <aha = hme pects eae oene | eestor area ae ere 55,461,514 141, 252
steelhead troubles cck tastes msec ncece tee neeoenee 8,989 bos 3,958,175 198, 241
Motel cares sh chat Oe cote eee eee eee 12, 141, 937 585,995 | 365,336, 482 7,224,024

Norte.—In addition to the above, British Columbia produced 89,852,089 pounds, which returned the
fishermen $1,832,573, and the Yukon Territory (Yukon River), 80,565 pounds, which returned the white
fishermen $10, 209.

PRODUCTS CANNED,

In order to show the total pack of the Pacific coast of the North
American Continent, the pack of British Columbia has been included.
The total pack reduced to a common basis of forty-eight 1-pound cans
amounted to 5,392,3064 cases, valued at $25,518,669. Alaska leads
in the total pack, with Washington second. Alaska also leads in the
pack of sockeyes, humpbacks, and chums. Washington leads in the
pack of cohoes and Oregon in the pack of chinooks and steelhead
trout.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

ce

SALMON CANNED IN ALASKA, British CoLUMBIA, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND

CALIFORNIA IN 1909.

Alaska. British Columbia. Washington.
Products.
Cases, Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
Chinook, king, or spring:
EVOL GMS Uses = aes oo sell siaiale Scie sins=|'si.n.oisiaielnnicion 360 $1, 440 23,550 $98, 780
PE POUNG WAGs 18552 Acla hecaol| -ciecesacc ae |ues soaase es 1,214 7,314 40,730 268, 849
Tefoyaybbayel VaR TRUS. 9 of0) qk Ae ene roe) Ser Scere rs Pan. eee oa Ponerinae Sear 606 4,242
PSOE OM beatae een cicoalnjenoe see inem fences aon 176 DLO) Becemeeeeca hee eee eee
Ae potnditalleccs. ..=2-<2o2~ 48,034 | $207,624 17, 613 94,110 21, 426 116, 593
POULIN VU Seca cre = ot Bases | rays ecm shu | sro meatal eiess mS | mm tains arn Sirteanl nls | eS cronies niereia «|| Srala\Siatomad wlan [Cis oceans =
NE POMMOGON Ales Sac token sone ss nm comlemeeaeee cone 444 2,886 1,110 10, 212
2 foxo)ohaVl'Sa(o}srbh 212) PP Ree ae eee eee DPE nes | Berne nr Neen ete ental SNcnre-eanrrd octnnsaccer
Molaltescsaceess oahecaie 48, 034 207, 624 19, 807 106, 266 87,422 498, 676
Coho, silver, or silverside:
ACDOUMO MALES S28 Msc Sneeimel| eens cew mit alas aes eects 2,132 5,969 34, 292 94,417
J=pound flat:.:....22.2--.- 1, 206 5,543 5,911 28,373 28, 885 134, 755
d=pound table. .2: senses 55, 350 225, 486 61,520 258, 400 137,008 570,030
P-DOUNCMOMNN A pect sees soe eee aaah ae |isewe nace acta| aac cer is 427 2,562
Motel oso-~ Jee cehSivccae = 56, 556 231,029 69, 563 292, 742 200, 612 801, 764
Chum, or dog:
Ses FOOUIEA CNL oh arse ON a = te archaic ecreraratalmrereraral| sta eon tae Sic ers |e omrere scion |S See srorsie eee 1,300 1,950
Hep) OUI Ot 8 Gert, 2\5,0.07e, srxeiats lose ale Sieocesdl| yes co catiecsis | neiee ae teines bea since ne 6 sie.n 219 591
HOU Calls 252 ojo. a ean 120, 712 274, 110 16,573 39,775 83, 664 197, 932
Ota cree ete ose cases 120, 712 274, 110 16, 573 39,775 85,183 200, 473
Humpback, or pink:
NSMOUNCMMMb aes See fates oad eescrsao|oseseeeeeeee 2, 267 6, 234 2,030 5, 585
J-pound tall........--2.2.- 464, 873 1,114, 839 27,722 66. 581 368, 963 896, 757
WOtalGs. se c8e sect sces.s 464, 873 1,114,839 29, 989 72,815 370, 993 902, 342
Sockeye, blueback, or red:
4-pound flat............... 16,385 63, 888 483,760 | 1,935,040 229, 502 927 , 967
J-pound Nat... 200-0... 85,193 236, 609 314,706 | 1,888, 236 456, 712 2,746, 667
51 0C01 9 ha ke DRS a ee ae ee tee ae ee 12, 880 BOS 0AS | ces Sco eee eee are = aie
Hepound allo. cece cess 1,611,916 | 7,310,053 277,893 | 1,500,623 487,479 2,558, 993
POUT MOV EL jacana eet bey ee oe) ste Sd, ae 17, 650 TOs OL Od Wee tite aeaele eee eee
EPO MEOW tll nsme eerste anil sci srenicicis nee aan oecosiese 406 2639) ats aaa see Sloe eac.e-s sisi
HE POUNGISAUATS He cisipccdciec c|leSime cis eieee cs |aeecc<cce <4 8,312 AOU STO lancaster
to) tc) ee 1,713,494 | 7,610,550 | 1,115,607 | 5,493,927 1,173, 693 6, 233, 627
Steelhead trout:
A POUNGISI HL satccmmceecas'ou | Se esccns< <sel|tonnecacecadlets sectuases|tacosss sees 945 2,937
Es TaCHMETA LULL User rater See oer es creeer eal ewereeeereaeets | ae satan | eerie 3,794 19, 422
PSDOUTI Cb Allee ta eee eRe cas | aan they eae Sane te | cia aseso rea cies erste Wieye statsreie 3,897 22, 602
BU el perectte foc occa tricia eaaietaecte|| peetaseeeaa|poaecee mae ot [Seeatcirse eine 8, 636 44,961
Grand total .......20<.2. 2,403,669 | 9,438,152 1,251,539 | 6,005,525 1,926, 539 8, 681, 843

72

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

SALMON CANNED IN ALASKA, British COLUMBIA, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND
CALIFORNIA IN 1909—Continued.

Products.

Chinook, king, or spring:
4-pound flat
l-pound flat... ....-..s< ss
1-pound flat exports.......
S-pound tall ss. .caneee ee
J-pound tall ....-.%..des0< 66
$-pound Oval.....=-5..-cc-<
1-pound oval.............-
2-pound nominal..........

Coho, silver, or silverside:
4-pound flat..............-.
1-pound flat...............
I-pound tall... -2.-:.c<csc.
2-pound nominal..........

Chum, or dog:
4-pound flat........-.....-
J-pound Hat - 22 sso ees
J-pound ‘tall..:.-........<-

Humpback, or pink:
J=pounG) Hat. =< sm. onic oee
1-pound tall......-........

Sockeye, blueback, or red:
4-pound flat...-...........
1-pound flat... <: 2.5. 6c.<.<
4-pound tall...............
T-potnd tall..- 2252...
4-pound oval...-.........-
1-pound oval..............
1-pound squats............

Steelhead trout:
s-pound flat. 2... 2 ecsecs-
i-pound flat.......c.c.5.6-
T-pound tales cc sisececese =

Oregon. California. Total,
Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.

69,557 | $289,534 |............]........222. 93, 467 $389, 754
54, 591 396, 809 5, 663 $28,315 102,198 701, 287
hechetecy A Rite ese ea coer ape teiae latieenakd cra Vaal eran ae See eS 606 4,242
Oe Ae ENS TE ae al Meare Ree 176 516
23,057 TAS HR T5 fil ey eyes teres || eee 110, 130 567, 142
534 2 O108 ee neem ce aces [aie eee ese 534 2,670
848 SDA Dal ree haces se ae 2,402 21,340
458 MASS Sill eno eel vernon Sears 458 1, 833
149, 045 847, 903 5, 663 28,315 309, 971 1, 688, 784
20,331 SO VO281) | Ree ae ee eee ee ee 56, 755 157,314
1755, SL AOZ Sane a2 Soe eal epocice Seeae 47, 757 220, 373
39, 326 LST BSG gee Sets Se Sete woe 293, 204 1, 211, 802
315 Qa tte ca tens ail Cee eae 742 3,507
7; 727 267, 240 canes oe ore cisae ceer oe 398, 458 1,592, 996
Sea SS KDE os parctetom es Bed oes = Gare re lorem teeters 1,300 1,950
ao Sabadards oa fawle ccleaeeae dileemrecm ceeSee lec etieeseee ce 219 591
9, 225 DUE DT S| encore cece le eaeeee saa 230, 174 533, 035
9, 225 DUD Salk eee | eee eee ae 231, 693 535, 576
pom Meco ctm Sicins ee cee acinar 4,297 11,819
55 A A ies ee et baer Seema 861, 613 2,078,309
55 WS 2ileck sco oes cle ceeseco see 865,910 2,090, 128
32,071 1330059 eeeeeeza sees teee case eee 761,718 3,059, 990
6, 645 OOS 70h Saree ersererell aces es se 863, 256 4,911,382
di ereets ttt tei | Shae wo ce cee leete meeo ee oe | rors termemere sie 12,880 42, 504
50 S20 Base eas Sale eeemee a2 2,377,338 | 11,369,989
s saxssocsteyajersee oa | reece arses ae tetas aces] eee stars 17, 650 75,013
age oR chjnoall hoax eee see een Dae e aa beeeecmetece 406 2, 639
Zeid agstuectajay ball Sera eee ne Ie one eee | Oe eee eee 8,312 49,872
38, 766 U7 Se ZEON oc cc ccs cele aromee-ciets 4,041, 560 19,511, 389
7,064 22, 084 8,009 25, 021
1,365 7,695 5,159 Paisley
4,320 25,056 8,217 47,658
12,749 HA SSH bape coe 2 tee town tae ae 21,385 99,796
281, 567 1,364, 834 5, 663 28,315 | 25,868, 977 25,518, 669

a All 1-pound eases contain forty-eight 1-pound cans; the }-pound cases contain forty-eight }-pound cans.
Reduced to a common basis of cases containing forty-eight 1-pound cans, the aggregate pack amounts to

5,392,306} Cases.

29,808,129 pounds, valued at $2,096,030.
tity and value is represented in the mild-cured pack.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS.

73

The total miscellaneous secondary products prepared amounted to

Of these the largest quan-
The pickled

pack is second in quantity but is exceeded in value by the frozen pack.
Alaska leads Washington very slightly in the quantity of products
prepared, but both are exceeded in value of products by Oregon.

MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY PRopucTS PREPARED IN ALASKA AND THE PACIFIC

Coast STATES IN 1909.

Alaska Washington. Oregon.
Products. — a = #
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.

Frozen: - -

Chinook, king, or spring......--- 74,183 $7,418 14,000 $1, 400

Coho, silver, or silverside 7 528, 477 30, 149 216,175 13, 868

1D Yafne (jC) 010 ba eee ae eee ere 77, 882 1, 558 1,364, 672 0G) 61 US | RRS Boe eee Ree

PEUIIN DEG key OL) PIN ce alam ede em fe weet ees |te oom ose 62,945 BSS) EES eaeses leak eee

Steelhead trout...0...<.2cseccs<5 9, 450 473 504, 165 46,615 | 1,446,685 144,658

NOGA Sect eee aon alelarntetnis == nas 123,053 3,103 | 2,534,442 | 153,231 | 1,676,860 159, 926

Mild-cured: : ;

Chinook, king, or spring.....--.-] 1,833,600 | 149,300 | 2,292,800 | 273,826 | 4,365,442 434, 825
Pickled: i

Chinook, king, or spring......--- 88, 200 3,798 1,000 540 400 24

Chinook bellies. .........--....-. 7,000 175 6,750 Vike [ete cas a ee

Coho, silver, or silverside....-..-- 63, 600 BBS soar Os oe ke 2,600 130

Gono WellICS aoe a. < ems sone ones 227,750 DS ON ces ape ete a eee aos aalenayaesaiie Seep es

OP OU CHUM. 2: 2 aan oe sees siess 7,000 190 50, 000 1 As eee eee ere

Humpback, or pink............. 311, 400 9,405 1,615, 000 BR OU ad cae Sarl g Sede | Scent es SE

Humpback backs:........------- 11, 200 BEE Ge Salere oa cep ad | sso aia elas ae eceieaads

Humpback bellies......-....---- 169, 480 7,396 172, 400 aL) 1) eee ere Shade ee

Sockeye, blueback, or red......- 0,000, O00? |i LOL pe08" |b 28ts. see 2% | saat ee clonc a asceernalSaaetescee

pockeye bellies. ....2..:-:5<.--:- 783, 600 OS OU 2) Pos cee = | eee eae eee eee ee eo

M0) 52) Pee ee ae 6,970, 730 208, 716 1,845, 150 58, 456 3,000 154

Dry-salted and dried:
Chinook, king, or spring......--- 800 UP i Ss accra eee | sat SO eos ea oe ame
Coho, silver, or silyerside, backs. . 14, 500 OAD ee ah oe | See loa a. ee i
Wogrvor CHUM coe sa5 5s ses cc cs 71,600 Dy OBS fi costars oie aici | s eepietslehorere'd In ewinae ie sows alee, geen cee
Hinmp back backs— -.--...-.5.--... 51, 500 LIM be ae eS ic | ener eet pein BA eee ee
Sockeye, blueback, or red, backs. 83, 000 Pei 0 aii atm Fea ee ay SPRL tee Nes eee BOE
No) 2: Se a ee ee eee 221, 400 DEO | ieee oatee 2 iamt sia eo Ae ode Sol ee cas ae
Smoked: ‘
ChmoOOlK Wine OF SPIE 6. sce .(e es co eee cease oad wien as 30, 165 2,413 127,700 19,155
Chinook, white-meated, kip-

DERCU eae ara ee so tases cc hos a eemmcceess 190, 500 TGS OOD bees ase hea pee cee
WGHONSI Ver OF SUVeErside. «.c.sc.2 ces oesenn secs este e 30, 000 1, 800 20, 000 2,000
WON DECKS os ciccrsteresmdoa-on scien 4, 000 HOO Oks tte delle meat oem leceec eas aot Stee Bae eer
DOS KOr CHUM. «62 n):0lsec255.5600 585 43 517, 245 Det, S02: (Se eines eee ee are
ID Yay! aya) oy <1 421 Reeaeey pe rare ee aR [ane ee ee eee (Seen re 5, 000 i 0G Mia ee Recreate eae eae
Humpback backs, kippered.....|.........-...|.....-..-- 100, 000 000 bec stanes. eileo ese es
Sockeye, blueback, or red, backs 40, 300 EH (2. U1] eee ean | ACM tee tc eis [poser meee Docc sees

10} RE) [eae a ee 44, 885 3, 223 872,910 51,625 | 147, 700 21,155

HEMIIUIZED eee San 2352 e sence hel! Laas 159, 224 2,287 | 1,210,000 TS GLO) seco teres Pen ees
OU 38 rn 120, 113 3, 216 380, 648 TAR AGD Vice oasis ots |------+---
Granditotals : 2... -2--e.ces- 9,473,005 h 374,324 | 9,135,950 | 569,909 | 6, 193, 002 616, 060

74

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,

MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY PRODUCTS PREPARED IN ALASKA AND THE PAaciric
Coast States ry 1909—Continued.

California. Total.
Products.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Frozen:
Ghinook;, king, or spring: 2s2<.. semecsices oc. oc acse neki eeisaceasicisc|sacesteeases = 88,183 $8,818
Coho; silver, Or Silverside@s-<.--- 5c. caaescees cocec|seseecacceec Jenssaceooece 780,373 45, 089
DOP SOMChUM: o2 ses maaan = nese eee eee an eee oe |e eee eer tee 1, 442, 554 68,719
Humpback; or pink: =.,.2226-shi. see cies anne ste sistoel se ccc msc sciel| siete sora Saree 62,945 1,888
Steelhead (trou ts 6 2: astemuactectesce eos ces ee cee al are ee as copeel bee peers aes 1, 960, 300 191,746
Motal ss3522 Aces waceiseieaaressenisicewne or eieeiee| am 2 ornare | eptersiaystsie aes 4,334, 355 | 316, 260
Mild-cured: ; |
Ghmook, king, Or Springsccacce santas coe cece ties ee 4, 887, 962 $520, 468 13,379,804 | 1,378,419
Pickled:
Chinook, king, OF Springs.<6.s si Scce oseecc cs cece ooenses scam U oicwie taser 89, 600 4, 362
hin Ook WEMlesset seas oso ise crete coerce eicioe ate ars Ginsel Sasioee eee el Meee eee oe 13,750 846
Goho-siliverorSliversidessys fences aso e tees aneeeeee sen sesame eee 66, 200 2,615
Conoy bellies seen ase cemmacice cen m ce ee ere ee | eee eee eee eee 227,750 3, 843
DO FOU CIUUTIY Ss = ictstatm nw nfahwrmee alm at cNniesecvare Sia )eyae aratntnlnn=||eralate eretete ale mtn ere = msieteeierme 57,000 | ~ 365
Jabbionhe) oo eno) 0 ei) ete R RET enna nse ARH eanee Gecaendnededl Gecena meses 1, 926, 400 57, 855
Humpback Dacks ..3c6.sccccecswmececrcnccscsssen|s sects comes |e smocces ate 11, 200 224 -
Frum p back bellies: 222. <.c..c0c\s oncincayerierelomnre waiseie |e sieoein si cmiemel ele seinen aikei- 341, 880 16,016
Sockeye; Dlueback jOr TEC. <a ace 2 aims etesmiate cteinscicletets | rieiciee ere eels J aectee seats 5,301, 500 167, 298
Sockeye bellies ..2.. ss... ccccccccnecccacccces meses eseesscesess lessees sass 783, 600 13, 902
STNG Gea li reise Stak Arsecte tehrersioreas ot Se ofS tren ee | eee | eee 8,818, 880 | 267, 326
Dry-salted and dried: iy
Chinook, king Or Spring cea csicce fecece neceecer et | aaessesiseris |aeesoccns sae 800 45
Coho, silver, or silverside backs.....-.-.-....2...-|--<2-+0----- Bee oe en omaet 14, 500 549
Dog, OF GHUM cc. Seccec sce cc osieoamacccns aminuts |acnaecceecdes|ssesosoce sae 71, 600 1,038
Humpback Dak << n.0.8 a aaiae ana cintevrensaiciomateseleaial| sletetsinineceta alate lesetarawshiatm ners 51, 500 545
Sockeye, blueback, orired, backs <3. --22cceo0 se cl* cee eo eeeelo eee ere 83, 000 2,302
fC 1 | LAP Pe Pa eee Pa cea are ea gee ar aoa eS ee 221, 400 4,479
Smoked:
Chinook, king, or spring. 2... 222 esccse-2eseee sae 110, 550 14, 643 268, 415 36, 211
Chinook, white-meated,, kippered <2 ..0 2.52 <)cc.cce<laccccceeeeea|sseccsessa 190, 500 16, 050
Coho, silver or silverside................---------- 7, 660 626 57,660 4,426
@ohowbacksec eat aso ahe cma cotati | siemens araintel | eerste 4, 000 400
DOP OL CHUM 7 5...2 tals ei ev octemeiae einen a nctiem a = lea seme eee ete 517,830 25, 905
Dog’, keippered’s< «2225 ce:<Sec a ecic cnc eee ee saa lemon ae cle See emtclee ieee 5, 000 500
Humpback backs, kippereds <<. 2.60. cece noc sc|eaemenecescs|esessesccoe 100, 000 5,000
Sockeye, blueback, or red, backs... . 222... 50222]. case sosce0 | cchaatvarciaiiamre 40, 300 2,780
ROGEL sere s Soe ow mons caceoe nace eee cere eae 118, 210 15, 269 1, 188, 705. 91, 272
MeOrtiizer: 2 ois. eer cesiasa cam siaie socis cuisine zcsisslsseetiecs factenasivmsse si|ecjens'seias< os 1, 369, 224 20, 897
OTe cimeoas 2k celee Sade oct aioe eee ee caer oe ee Sense eemee Peteeee sss a 500,761 17,377
Grand! total cates ceeneciec eine seems = eae ae 5, 006, 172 535, 737 29, 808, 129 2,096, 030

a Represents 66,728 gallons.

WASHINGTON.

Owing to the quadrennially heavy run of sockeye salmon and the
biennial run of humpback salmon into Puget Sound occurring in
1909, the catch of both species of salmon was very heavy. The purse
seiners made exceptionally heavy catches of sockeye salmon, while
the traps had so many humpbacks in them that the greater part were

turned out, it being impossible to find a market for them.

In many

places people were allowed to take away with them, free of charge,

as many humpbacks as they wished.

In Grays Harbor the run of salmon was fairly good. On the

Quiniault River the Indians made very successful catches.

Early in

the season a meeting of the tribe was held, and it was decided that a

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 75

50-foot runway in the center of the stream should be kept clear of
nets so as to allow the fish an opportunity to reach the spawning beds
in the lake.

In Willapa Harbor the run was fair.

On the Columbia River the catch was not as large as in 1908, which
was due partly to the shortening of the open fishing season.

STATISTICS BY COUNTIES.

Persons employed.—The total number of persons employed was
9,517, of which the large majority were whites.

Persons EMPLOYED IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY COUNTIES AND
NATIONALITIES, IN 1909.

Fishermen. Shoresmen.
Counties. .
Whites. | Indians. | Total. | Whites. | Chinese. | Japanese.| Indians. | Total.
Whatcom...........-. ed See 6438 1,056 631 488 55 2, 230
San Juans......-..2..- 193 12 205 42 40 BO ie capes co 122
Skagit........22.2.... BOge | tees 303 569 290 414 40 T5313
GUE AYs ae 2 74 Gil ee ee 273 | |e ee ean [ae pe As | ee 2
Snohomish........... Yo ee ee 284 BP etiectesos |eestecelrare sltatees oxo 6
iin’: 9 eens DDTE cee casks 527 ig ee ee hein DS ea aes 55
WICRCO Soo oa cso etre a ais LON | cceeercie 276 11) | eee pete ey ee | eee 12
mhurston:....--- Dl | creepectae =< OOR eerasisésnie. aca |'s gisteitias asie|oere wise wom c| sesetuauis|acendses se
IWEASO TIES c,h os casas [oY igh Pee eee Oi Pees ae | Ch Gen i 2] eo = Secale aS cee Sacto doen
GIES A Dict roc cones 2 sc PAN). Soo tate: PAL Neda ene clenices ee a Seam oo soe oe Maersieirae ee
CAE aoe 56 176 232 63 20 LDA ees Se are ote 95
lend GS: io sees 68 163 70 50 20 303
Chehalis.............. 112 33 145 16 45 hi ae eee 76
OM Grates aha22 cre cic cise GEG Wien eecoaeae | 616 18 40 QU scaie Soca ciatete 78
Wahkiakum......... Daddies eel 533 80 134 63 |-aaiceeesae 277
COV) ———— aa (34 eee acre | 61 4 oestrone cll eels] pape are 6
@larke: ....2.22...5--- 118 5 oer eee MED ope ratoreaee-aas'| olin israts otcillo) crane arayoiaiings Ysera et aatere ea eeree Roe
Skamania............ Sar see eee 82 2% eX tee ee, aed eee De |e ee 2
ilickitat.......-:---. i | 28 || Dae es - haeseneead Race 1
1X0} 2) ee 4,426 221/ 4,647 2,091 | 1,270 1,102 115 4,578
Trans- Pare
porters. lotal employed. pare
Counties. ; _ total.
Whites. Whites. Chinese. | Japanese. | Indians.

\ WE 129 1,828 631 488 55 3,002
AERA 5 ones cs ewes nce eee 9 244 40 40 12 336
SIeh ih 75 947 290 414 40 1,691
TN is ce anciccis/eiciarciaec ac |octaccemeeas QUO) ema a ceeeeu|eeewaces Jee ci) eine ee deeaes 275
ROMS Ha 2 oo Sete) | Se cemenca'- QOD! iste aso are cesta | sreraetaeieneorersial ls emia carsieinaece 290
IXiti 2, i 19 GOT een eeeescne |e na eeee | ceneetee 601
TGR GE Mee 2 a ia'm.o:0,c/S/oiers:cieieis 316. 2 290 es eoea Seca sce ose scnee | Soman sclese 290
BRE COMBS oe ooo cee ne os|nice nm Seis Seed 50 ee a Al ee eee S| nies 8 ot ee 50
RESON tela oe cineca se soe lpmeeeecr news OF ies eect ee oem taceas oe alomavetaeeae 67
ICUS 0) 2 SS Sa ae ee DALY | cone semis pa watens,.2 ono asaeoetacce 241
(CHEV BT. Se ee ee 6 125 20 12 176 333
UGG) 1 12 243 70 50 20 383
(UGsEh tae 3 131 45 15 33 224
RCO. 3a re 11 645 40 20 | ncerctecreewarere 705
WVEGDKIAIUM . .ccjc cc cccceescce 25 638 134 G3) seas cerectic ns 835
ROW OZ ae ac enact ne cece en | Gar leases Sees Meee ce en pees 68
EG | ree 1h |e es ee peers emer) nee ara 13
SLUG MOE Ae ee ae BA Nes cNe tinct Saas Ansa ee beac a oes 84
SGI Kal Peete oe ain ie Aiciepaveenia dew =| arnromorarele some DON See Sebo ers. . lce ae aan 29
I1C0} Rs | (Se 292 6, 809 1,270 1,102 336 9,517

76

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Investment, apparatus, ete.—The total investment in the fisheries

amounted to $6,

334,807.

ment, nearly one-third of the total.

Whatcom County has the largest invest-

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY COUNTIES, IN 1909.

Whatcom. San Juan. Skagit. Island. Snohomish.
Items. be be .
Num ; um-| ,; um r Num- Num-
be Value. nerd Value. ned Value. Gen Value. heart Value
Transporting vessels:

Power vessels 36 | $192, 500 3 $15, 500 18: | $108; 9000 322 .|(sasce ese cee ee ee eee
Monnage seco |e eae AB! | senate 298) | ois icaraiaie =a siatare =!=}||alaraiaaieinns | eemreze ais! Cee
Ourthitssce eee lets 60, 500 |...... 4°600'e.c25 - 32; 400) eaters eek Bose. | See

Fishing boats, power. ... 40 59, 850 8 | 21,250 43 37, 250 22 |$13, 900 26 $16, 400
Fishing boats, sail and

TOW ea oe Ai 8 ae 247 8,210 73 | 3,190 | 207 7,410 85; 3,210 | 203 6, 380
Scows and house boats..| 188 | 101,350 47 | 15,833 3l 9, 150 63 | 18,200 17 3,800
Pile drivers). 22 -...25..% 13 61,000 D+ | -23;.600! Joo cceal aera 2:1, °9;000"|=... acl-eeceee eee
Apparatus, shore fish- .

eries:

Purse seines.......-- 9 3, 900 7| 2,550 4 1, 500 1 500 4 1,000

Haul seines.......-- 9 LOO OVE sean eae rats ace 17 1, 285 27} 2,010 20 3,005

Gill nets, drift.......| 71 12, 250 3 225 | 338 26, 270 1 300 | 130 1, 036

Gill nets,set.........| 96 6, 200 18 310} 336 5, 700 1 10 | 537 6,317

Trap nets,stationary 72 372, 540 23 116,178 12 46, 500 29 |176, 500 8 35, 000

Recinets..---5.2.-4 2 1,000 | 3,500 oes csslesee cease clo essa -ceanod |saecen | Saeeee eae

Mines stro limes ee le ee oe ee cl | ee all een pe [Etec 2c8, [eta evere & Acne |e All apa ee et oe 15

Shore and _ accessory
PIOPELL Yee. 22 oe ee | eee 600,003 |.....- S1;O00 Ia occe 382,044 |_..... 5; 2505 cece 6, 245
Cash icapi tales scan sce xexe tee ae 679,000) | -5.2 45,000 |...... S09;}000 ec acecll auc toncpelce eee lene ee
Motalesssessaslet kes 2,159; 4030 | occa 289,086 |...-.- $67,409 |_....- 228, 880 |...--- 79, 198
King. Pierce. Thurston. Mason Kitsap
Items. . - * .
Num-) y;. Yum-} x,, Num-| 4, um-} y;, um-
Ber Value. ner Value. Here Value. ae Value ane Value
| ——— = eee
Transporting vessels: |

Power vessels. .....-| 7 | $23,300 Ti $2,500 |: oe vases ec Gee Soee Soe ee Se esis cae a0] Seeceeaeee
Tonnage.......- OG)! Soeeeee ar Ut Rare EAer rs een ame ere Sins Pert Osea ds can
OU Gens secon te | 115400) |e eee. = 800: leccedis| soa ree tees leensonlbecececel- meee econ eee

IROWen DOSte: asec beneme |e aaa 1 200 oemicwal pontine aol seen sostenecles see +See eee

Fishing boats, power....| 60 | 107,900 23 | 60, 200 1 $2, 500 4 | $3,800 26 $36, 900
Fishing boats, sail and | 5;

TOW ats ence ete meeee 234 7,350 88 | 3,300 27 880 29) 1,310 85 3,055
Scows and house boats. .)...--- |ale:cicibes are.sce'|lais stereta [Se sierdiw wes cee Sie) Sieiayierererscel eieieieeieil ses Scere 6 850
Pile drivers! S50ce eect occas | aro ayopes Secret a Srerceig |e eeeal aeictes el ncteaneGel se sea eReerre i 2,000
Apparatus, shore fish-

eries:

Purse seines......-... 37 18, 500 22 | 8,500 2 1,000 1 500 12 5, 700

Haul seines.......-- 52 4,650 25 | 1,950 8 600 13°| 1,025 36 2,930

Gill nets, drift.......} 193 8, 760 73| 1,900 4 100 1 300 7 1,950

Gill nets; ‘set. <2... =. ; 82 820) 143 | 3,600 16 400 22 600 8 88

Trap nets, stationary | -2.<.5/56sssc7 1. oosaanl sa sacs ce | occce setae seissice|aeseceea} 4 18, 500

Shore and _ accessory |

10).0} 012) 11 eee eee eaters 166,800 |.....- 15 BLON\ecee ee 200)y|-loe 42 S00 Hemacce 850

Cash capitaleccs...o.een- less 8 60,000 |...... D000! edeone | Shamcken te beens sane omer emertete see ee
Motalicsss ao.ceo.4| bases 409,480 |....-- 1103, 325}... | 53/6804] 5 oe< 224 USSD Sete 67, 823

SALMON FISHERIES OF

PACIFIC

COAST.

77

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY COUNTIES, IN
1909—Continued.
Clallam. Jefferson. Chehalis. Pacific. Wahkiakum.
Items. ” x < : Nl
um-| yx; um- um-| yx; um-| x;, Num- y,,;,
Beni Value Ber: Value. bee Value. en Value. Hee Value.
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels...-.-..- 3 | $12,000 4 $29, 000 id $3, 000 6 |$16, 700 13 $36, 100
Tonnage....-.-- V7 ie ee DUS | Scents ats BP lsieroicrsaraysrars ASM lircicracerapses 10) Eee eee
OUUbss mone nc locecen A OOO" | cee 67100" |52c.. 500) |--2e 22 4, B15 |. fos. 10, 660
Power boats......--- 1 ROU colt | atte ecere | ae a) ome = 2! 1,800 1 450
Fishing boats, power.... 2 1,600 5 | 2,200 5 2, 500 88 | 46, 800 72 43, 500
Fishing boats, sail and
MOWires see t toalelsee cmc 212 9, 580 29 940 ais 8,350 | 317 | 22,820 191 38, 735
Scows and house boats. . 2 1,000 16 | 5,050 1 400 9} 3,300 16 8, 990
IETICRMULV CTS sce eee Nie ct ate cecinckinee 1} 5,000 3 450 Gp Beg OUUs Poses) Serene oa
Apparatus, shore fish-
eries:
RUSE SCINCS gaa e acorn occa caoocnecr ame [ao aces ecamena ect cos|ecmeieewees | 2 QUO cies clea amateanne
Haul seines......... 8 900 11 5230, 0 AI ae | See ee | 2 350 ll 5, 500
Gill neis, drift......- 70 700 5 340 100 8, 000 207 | 36, 000 417 70, 700
Gill nets, set........ 8 100 25 430, 189 9,724 46 1,340 33 615
Trap nets, stationary]......|..------.. 2] 8,000 15 3,400 | 280 |506, 400 52 36, 800
Trap nets, floating....|...=--|-.2-.--=-- ites OO) eee eres ee le bars a Wale a octane =
Eines, trolling.......|.02-.. PL Ua | Pe cee |e | aed ee eS ec ee eee eee
Shore and _ accessory
DRO DERG Ver sie cio-tici|aor sys 20,820 |oceenc 605345). |s</2<4 36, 753: |...-.. 59,6250 =o mteare 310, 455
Cash capital.........-.-.- ewe: 20; 000 |..=-<. | 50,000 |....-- 2) OOD | 222 4< 38,000 |-..... 190, 500
J 10) 4: Reese Pee oe 71,951) eo 1170, 205 |...... OBS ORs costs TOL; 200" |: cai! 753, 005
Cowlitz. Clarke. Skamania. Kx lickitat. Total
Items. |
-
ie Value. hes Value Seas Value. gel Value. peg Value
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels....... 1 LOU Meer a (Gp Sreattam | castes Ne cmeemice lec eeleie as ceeicce 93 | $440, 500
PONNASC cn 3<. On eee a ee cee | eee eo cra ciate of Saretatna cris ol eeltss| seeoiareiaiacs a A: a ee
OM iee Seecee nc =| = cans Boe ce ce eee, tI tat a aaa cee toca! ce epee Sens ee eae 135, 625
PRSORUy SIN Chek see eck oh oe pel erate eye ae re fc cee (Gece salar oe sogeo=| asi loeawinecs 5 3,950
Fishing boats, power....|. 28 | 11,700 1| $400} 10] $4,000|...... Wester 464 | 472,650
Fishing boats, sail and
TOW ease <n setbios 29 1, 200 12 360 46 1,945 15 $720 |2, 244 128, 945
BCOws and HOUse DOMts..|/22.><|ossme <oene|ee~ on |sncweess 2Z 71) (ene Pome ere 398 168, 673
COIN Ol Ss sa0 Oa nee fee ga anca|sceemnewsal cca pace cee |leescaleeeisessccnlenoaac |e oomcecs 62 124, 350
Apparatus, shore fish-
eries:
STE Sears LET CC erento are te re oe eee arses, a | niaicloe shee einer cen Sees [saieme ese a101 44, 150
Haul seines......... 1 i Ba 0 (Se sces) eae 4 1, 500 2] 1,200 | > 246 28,955
PMT eum i eee s Soke a esate CORSE a ss Sloe e Soleo nce n> obser) seeseaise ¢1 620 168, 831
Gill nets, set.......- 18 350 12 180 32 455 2 20 (41,624 37, 259
Diver nets.......... 29 5,300 6 1,210 13 By O50 Vins eee aan anisc €48 10, 160
Trap nets, stationary 3 y 1,324, 968
Trap nets, floating. - 2,000
Reef nets.......-..-- 4, 500
Wheels, stationary . .. 76, 000
Wheels, scow....---- 8, 500
Lines, trolling....... 261
Shore and _ accessory
1010) 012) 21 | 21;800): |. =...) 10) eee 6,008) | ncae- L225) [235-53 1, 730, 030
@ashicapital.........-....|...+-- REDOOH Se noe bx Secs sae eh cee an aula ate rcqardase [pam 1, 424, 500
0) 1 Sener 585,200) |e cance 2 LGOU |. cece 695.125: |eceene B7,000 | nc 6,334, 807

a Aggregate length of 68,900 yards.
b Aggregate length of 44,824 yards.
¢ Aggregate length of 429,115 yards.

d Aggregate length of 92,030 yards.

e Aggregate length of 19,200 yards.

78 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Products.—The total catch amounted to 155,069,194 pounds, valued
at $4,335,702. Whatcom County leads in the catch. Sockeye sal-
mon constitute about one-half of the total catch.

PRopucTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES, -

AND COUNTIES, IN 1909.

Whatcom. | San Juan. Skagit. Island.

SAT AALS ACS PCC LCS oe eee a | ese :
Pounds. | Value. Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.

PURSE SEINES.

Chinook, or king....... 37, 568 $1, 514 24,094 $840 12,000 $540 2,000 $100

Cobo, or silver.......--. 346, 000 8, 880 280,008 | 7,000 200,000 | 5,000 42,000 1,050
INOS, OP ChUME <2: --6e 496, 000 2, 480 280,000 | 1,400 160, 000 800 112,000 560
iim Pack dor Pines Nes <cieys ersletal site amie aa = 175, 000 350 30,000 300) Is -.cecisiersse a Pose nets
Sockeye. or blueback...| 1,146,000 43, 600 973,000 | 35,000 650,000 | 26,000 140, 000 5, 666
Steelhead trots occ stele ee ace ee encictaa ia sieeetemeoee re lee erereraret= 2,000 | 100 8060 40

Total. juis 6 siasccersisc 2,025, 568 56, 474 | 1,732,102 | 44,590 | 1,054,000 | 32,740 296, 800 7,416

HAUL SEINES.

GhINGOKs Ol MIN Peet ee | terse eae nace ee el eee eee Eeeeaeee 154:.400)| . (7060! \so2.22 sec! oecee eee
Coho, or silver.......-- 21, 000 CSU Pease esse eae 110,000 | 2,750 | 560,000 | 16,800
Dog, orchum.......... 39, 000 TOb iste eee eceeeee 590,000 | 2,950 | 1,280,000} 7,710
Humpback, or pink... . 14, 000 Os seemoe eee lena a se 20,000 | 90: Woo aac eee | net eee
Steelhead trout........ 7, 000 SEE cerereieeea al ee tacee orev 2,428 | 12) | Se ccce cect Soe

Total sec cseacesen 81,000 TS2LOA Gee se. c cee eee 876,828 | 12,931 | 1,840,000 | 24,510

GILL NETS.

Chinook, or king....... 22,332 967 | 47,300 | 1,880 O17; 3021 [025,05 || 2.50 sels ae eee
Coho, or'silver........- 1,122, 000 29, 200 79,200 | 1,980 662,376 | 20,873 1,500 45
Dog, orchum.......... 70, 000 350 4,800 24 673,838 | 3,573 3,000 30
Emp back or pinks.) jes ame leieeiscin teste iam Se eee ote 17,800 7A et PSEA PSGCC 2
Sockeye, or blueback...}| 1,328, 450 51,158 44, 500 1,780 384,750 | 12,510 30, 000 1, 200
Steelhead trou bs-c.n sash |as<ncsessoel ea osece- = euanseseea|scassase 124 :200)|| 8,004 osc cecccs ce acceeee

Wotalcecoeeees 2, 542, 782 81, 675 175,800 | 5,664 | 2,480,326 | 70,934 34, 500 1,275

REEF NETS.

Chinook, or king....... 5, 000 250 40,000 | 2,000
Coho, or silver........- 27,000 810 109,000 | 3,270
Dog; orchum)... <2... 6,000 50 90, 000 450
Sockeye, or blueback... 75, 000 3,000 ; 290,000 | 11,600 |
Totals cc cmsenease 113, 000 4,110 5295000) | Up S20) ec rseeeel| omer | Sere eels eee
TRAP NETS. |
Chinook, or king.....-. 1,378, 391 66, 229 574,072 | 25, 697 | 354,929 | 18,270 | 1,272,680 | 111,735
Coho, or silver: .....-..- 3,387, 624 73,940 718,124 | 17,967 482,116 | 12,271 | 1,615,314 | 42,876
Dog; or chum. 5... ...<2 570, 412 2,852 229,408 | 1,148 | 1,227,536 | 6, 457 857, 760 4,789
Humpback, or pink... .| 8, 440, 850 21,102 | 4,205,320 | 11,585 | 1,613,188 | 4,179 | 2,381, 428 5,954
Sockeye, or blueback.. ./41, 032,910 |1, 558,804 | 7,665,005 |187,312 | 2,881,185 108,398 | 4,574,145 | 168, 468
Steelhead troutsc< odscl stoke esas leo eee. | 272 13 4, 000 260 45,310 2, 266
Total ism texeses- 54, 810, 187 |1, 722, 927 13,392, 201 243,722 | 6,562,954 [149,835 |10, 746,637 | 336,088
TOTAL. |
Chinook, or king....... 1, 443, 291 68, 960 685, 466 | 30,417 | 1,138,691 | 51,623 | 1,274,680 | 111,835
Coho, or silver....-.... 4,903,624 | 113,460 | 1,186,332 | 30,217 | 1,454,492 | 40,804 |,2,218,814 | 60,771
DoF; or: chums... --- 1,181, 412 5, 927 604,208 | 3,022 | 2,651,374 | 13,780 | 2,252,760 | 13, 089
Humpback, or pink. ...} 8,454, 850 21,137 | 4,380,320 | 11,935 | 1,680,988 | 4,750 | 2,381, 428 5,954
Blueback, or sockeye... ./43, 582, 360 |1, 656,562 | 8,972,505 |235, 692 | 3,915,935 |146,908 | 4,744,145 | 175, 334
Steelhead trout. ....... 7,000 350 272 13 132,628 | 8,485 46,110 2,306
Grand total. ....- 59, 572, 5387 |1, 866, 396 115, 829, 103 |311,296 |10,974,108 266,440 |12,917,937 | 369, 289

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

79

PRopUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES,
AND COUNTIES, IN 1909—Continued.

Snohomish. King. Pierce. Thurston,

Apparatus and species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. Value. , Pounds. | Value.

PURSE SEINES. |

|
Chinook, or king..........- 8, 000 $400 | ows esisissciveeleasizcsiss 2,285 | $4, 400 1, 250 $50
Coho, or silver.......---... 159,998 | 4, 400 766,000 |$21,175 | 513,340 | 13,833 | 54,396 | 1,510
WOR TON GHUM Jc cccsices acs == 350,000 | 1,700} 1,640,000 | 14,500 |2,482,000 | 12,410 | 570,000 3,600
Sockeye, or blueback......- 800,000 | 28,800 | 7,050,000 }282,000 |4,394,995 158,220 | 125,000 | 5,000
REECMGAG TOU ec .2occcc--co 2 ccs ascees: 14, 100 987 10, 400 520 400 20
MOA we sesecctmne = seus 1,317,998 | 35,300 | 9,470,100 |318, 662 |7,483,020 |189, 383 751,046 | 10,180

HAUL SEINES. |
Ghinook, of King. ......-.6<|ocesccasss|sccceas- G5; 500 |) €47585.), 1827430). 0379) |. te 32a see eee
Coho, or silver...........-- 155,250 | 3,125 364,000 | 11,000 | 462,000 | 13,000} 60,000 | 2,000
Wor.orchum..<.....-.---- 399,000 | 1,995 808,000 | 10,100 |1, 293,000 | 8,750 | 340,000 | 6,800
Humpback, or pink........ 202, 000 £50 ju) Beene elem Regs aie eve ae eee eee Renee eee bares
MOUSE epoca t coe eas 756, 250 5, 623 1, 237,500 | 25,685 |1,773,743 | 23,062 400, 000 8, 800
GILL NETS. |
Chinook, or king..........- 337,900 | 12,164 49,500 | 3,960 BOSOOO) “25400, Wes ae seks cabs tee
Cobo, or silver...........-- 438, 256 | 16,480 555,000 | 18,500 | 246,000 | 10,250} 90,000] 3,000
Hog, or'chum.....-..--...- 101, 380 731 70, 400 440 32,000 200 48, 000 240
Humpback, or pink. ......- 42,000 0) || Sas eS atoeeel|aderaci amc! sega Berea teams ae
Sockeye, or blueback BST DOO! las AO NES Acetate sete Acct ees leeua aes
Steelhead trout...........- 142,243 | 9,293 205,000 | 12,300 | 100,000 | 10,000) 30,000} 1,500
MOtalss «se. sos202 oe 1,019,779 | 38, 668 1, 257,400 | 49,145 | 408,000 | 22,850 168, 000 4,740
TRAP NETS.
Chinook, or king........... Bopp DUNG WhO were tetas 38 la Oe ao Soe ea eee te ell oe amis asf se eye
Coho; orsilver...-.....--...- 0G; OA eae LOG | see BEND 3 See SS tasa osocecci) aisles. ona Sie Gall exeistooinia g [omic == Sie ate | alee eRe
DOS OT CHUM -, <..-.002.000022- Ba 200) ea OGO [Ber say t.n are | eee |e aceasta iss amma cee acer ee
Humpback, or pink. ....... BOT OONE Ueea) || keiee Sorc = leer cn ees [eae ainic | ae cee eee eee
Steelhead trout..........-- Par TO U2 Ui Irs 3 ea ee ee, ee, 6 |p eeemacerer aersictnaial| aris pei | ee oie
Total.....22s.cc2+.- 2,488,114 | 46,682 |............|.....22. eT EIR bape a ae (ak nee
LINES.
Coho, or silver............. DSO en OU) NiccOe sete cole occa ciel ee estan ees scm be| Ae cease canons sees
TOTAL.

Chinook, or king........... 731,050 | 29,280 115,000 | 8,545 | 131,028} 8,112 1, 250 50
Gono: or silver-...../...... 1,943,518 | 54,672 | 1,685,000 | 50,675 [1,221,340 | 37,083 | 204,396] 6,510
Dog, or chum.............. 11,663,580 | 8,492 | 2,518,400 | 25,040 3,807,000 | 21,360 | 958,000 | 10,640
Humpback, or pink........ 556,000 | 1,886 42, 060 DOSE eacic amet Saeed oe sl Japanese | Saat
Blueback, or sockeye.....-- 800,000 | 28,800 | 7,385,500 (295,420 4,394,995 |158, 220 125, 000 5,000
Steelhead trout..........-.- 169, 243 | 10,643 219,100 | 13, 287 110,400 | 10,520 30, 400 1,520
Grand total. ......... 5,853,391 |133,773 | 11,965,000 393, 492 9, 664,763 235.295 1,319,046 | 23,720

101379°—11——6

80

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

PRopUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES,
AND CounrtTIES, IN 1909—Continued.

Apparatus and species.

PURSE SEINES.

Chinook, or king......-.--.-
Coho; or silver: - -:<- 2-2-5.
DOF OnChUm2 se ceese acece
Sockeye, or blueback....-.-..
Steelhead trout.......-.-.-

Totals cc.oaee see ee
HAUL SEINES.

Chinook, or king. 2.222. 5<.
Goho:-or'silver?: ....<.cs----
DosOr chums 5. ...s2c0--
Sockeye, or blueback......-
Steelhead trout... .....-.---

GILL NETS.

Chinook, or king. .........-
Coho; or'silver- = --.2-2..-.-
Morey orchume ca..22-20. su.
Sockeye, or blueback......-
Steelhead trout...........-

TRAP NETS.

Chinook; or king..-----..-.
Gono WOmsilVene aca. soe
Dog, orchum.....--..-.---
Steelhead trout.......--..--

Totalns eee. seeeeess
LINES.

Chinook, or Kine eee eetoee
Coho; orisilver. = -sa.22- 2s.
Dor orchum: s2. 2225 hee

TOTAL.

Chinook, or king..-..-.-.-.-.--
Coho, orsilyerso. 2. 2--2--¢
Dog, orchum:....------..2.
Blueback, or sockeye......-
Steelhead trout........_.-.

Grand total

Mason. Kitsap. Clallam. Jefferson.

Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
ae eal eens 40,000: $2000: |o 22222: \ce 2k ek. | eee ee
108, 000 2,700 6138990: | 15,850 9). 222 2c2222122n22 eeclloes— mens soles
400, 000 2,000 255405000) 1) 135700 52.222 Saas S| aoe ee ee
100, 000 4,000 2;045:'000 181,800) |... oe eo ee Se S| ete onl eee
600 42 4, 900 DADi line 2 SESE Sef Peeoe aa) eee settee | See

608, 600 8,742 , 2435890) 11137095 |) 22. 24S. Seen ee | eee kc eee
Pa eteevalccll eines cere 12,000 600 31,000 | $1,550 21,000 $1,050
437,998 | 11,480 378, 000 9,990 110,000 3,300 122,600 3,760
756,000 | 4,370} 1,129,000] 8,970] 39,000 330 | 227,600} 2,488
EE ae ee Seek irl aaa ree ee eee (Sas 8,000 400
3,000 210 17,080 854 14, 200 710 5, 200 260
1,196,998 | 16,060 1,536,080 | 20, 414 194, 200 5, 890 383, 800 7,958
BS A ane | oe eget lle arrearage | eee 75,000 | 3,750 17,000 970
40, 000 1, 200 18, 000 490 60,515 1,578 74, 000 2, 220
81, 000 640 33, 000 395 30, 000 150 48, 000 240
25, 000 1,000 154, 000 6,140 se ute SE a cee 24, 500 980
4,000 240 2,300 115 33,055 1,653 7,000 350
150, 000 3, 080 207,300 7,140 198, 570 7,181 170, 500 4,760
Eee ot | 106 5:2255| 55305) ete e eee [ese ese 199
an eee eee 504,074: 135020) |i... = ct occ wee! 9200, 002 6,642
Veo! |.icecces| 15838; 704 |. (6,669: |osecccnt colin tons Il 086, 4720 evoming
ee (hee ate albert ey Le ede tesla ee eee sl eee ne oo: 87
SA te nee ee: 1,944,003: } 24,994 )...5..2...-|.22--2-(1, 808,151 | 12,019
eee seers | eg as] cee ee 110;880:|| 4,800 |... 2 eee
Gale oe ace | amor een |e aeceaeceeee seat. BTL; 284 WL 7, G49) 02 a. os calenee eee
Baer er a Pe ee Paateeuane 4,000 Oboe See
See ee ale ee SO eerie eevee 686,164 | 22,469 |..........]........
Steere eee 158,225 | 7,905 | 216,880 | 10,100 42,282 2,219
585,998 | 15,380 1,514,064 | 38,850 741,799 | 22,527 461, 662 12,622
1,237,000 | 7,010 | 5,035,704 | 29,734 73, 000 500 {1,312,072 7,910
125,000 | 5,000 2,1:99)'000' 1 87940) oo jciccteen clacton See 32,500 1,380
7,600 492 24,280 | 1,214 47,255 | 2,363 13,935 697
1,955,598 | 27,882 | 8,931,273 |165,643 |1,078,934 | 35,490 |1,862,451 | 24,828

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

81

PRopucTs OF THE SALMON FISHERIES or WASHINGTON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES,
AND COUNTIES, IN 1909—Continued.

Chehalis. Pacifie. Wahkiakum. Cowlitz.

Apparatus and species. = =
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.

PURSE SEINES.
RELI OOK OL KING 56, ciao isine. os aecionien salac beens 8,919 DOGO: Vladdoad aaah iesaeie ddl poe ae cael week ee ce
(oho; or silver.....<........- 2,184 Ee ees se rece |e eer Sl Ae ee re | ep oes
Sockeye, or blueback 1,090 100 eee eeeeeeenl nero Pe Speers Dae cale Sie
Steelhead trout............ 4,742 MOO See. daha rates «| Sete ses [Seamer ocala ene
AU OU aerkateearctarsieiesigis|o,c1e meee cee] ac nsec 16,935 so) ee ean Coe eee ee pene eager ane we

HAUL SEINES. . '
(Clara (eYa eho) 2 che eee ee ee |e 11,500 345 | 312,616 |$18, 957 50,000 | $3,000
BMPIEIOM OTS) eT eye enc 5 S| enn cicrerercin nc |Peek eins |e tae onto ccelarciee cess 42, 417 kos boil aoe ee a ae ee
SCHR Pole) i ne ee eee ae 19,722 &88 12,000 600
Preelheadtirowh her se soe ia Se [canes olen cl bs slecemaecnaccn| coodes se 112,221 | 5,411 | 28,000] 1,400
0) 1 ES ee |e ee ee ee 11,590 345 486,976 | 26,104 90,000 5,000
GILL NETS. i, 7 :
Chinook, or king........... 571,586 |$15,840 813,978 | 47,253 |1,100,511 | 66,031 |..........]........
Coho, or silver............. 641,858 | 16,571 187,000 | 5,500 | 316,274] 6,325 |..........|........
WOPs OF CHUM. 2 a2. kc dss 306, 256 1,889 57,800 432 400, 224 Dr OOAi| ee eos ee | ees
Sockeye, or blueback.....-- 638.000 | 23,200 4,500 OD) le Secs . Seale Phos erie ol kee ee
Steelhead trout............ 118, 000 4, 066 45,142 2,328 139,877 6,994 13, 000 620
ANS) 6: 2 eee 2,275,700 | 61,566 1,108,420 | 55,716 |1,956,886 | 81,704 13, 000 620
DIVER NETS. - 7 i i ;
BO TSIeTOD KOKI anit sieiroeeaad ae .aei i fossa ace aee ae oe eee abc nae a) sess ddec sons saects 172,667 | 10,820
RPPCINC RU OUE stars a5 Secs occ 8 ate ca] nackawee| aac Socese aaa) aboe = Pos |ecie oe dok |e cee ces 76,533 3,827
ANG eS SCARS Cine] ee ae Ea een eae an (ane [an (ese een 249, 200 14,647
TRAP NETS. 7 Ps;
Chinook, or king.........-- 49,090 | 1,113 ; 1,208,963 | 67,996 31, 669 492 69,690 303
Coho, or silver...........-. 165,000 | 3,875 620, 461 9,649 458,571 9,172 | 203,000 4,290
Dog orichum:......--.:-... 36, 000 225 725,652 | 8,996 | 634,384 | 3,490 65,600 410
mockeye, Or blueback....-..|..02--s--.)esece.e2 VTS NOG! mds OOBN sce cus oc donc eioectn deel Seeceea mew |e seas
DLCCINCAG COM b ens) < 20-5 -ca|eoceecacacleccncse- 431,615 | 21,779 32, 416 1,621 6,800 290
“NY 22 Ice as eae eee See 250, 000 5,213 3,999,886 |113,513 |1,157,040 | 14,775 | 345,090 5, 293
TCTAL. 7 qi “4

Chinook, or king........... 620,586 | 16,953 | 2,043,360 /116,129 |1, 444,796 | 85,480 | 292,357 | 14,123
Cohosior silver... ... ....2.. 806,858 | 20, 446 809,645 | 15,193 | 817,262 | 16,345 203,000 4,290
Os OL CHUM <<c<2202 05-02. 342, 256 2,114 783,452 | 9,428 {1,034,608 | 5,844 65, 600 410
Blueback, or sockeye... ...- 638,000 | 23,200 118,785 | 5,345 19,722 888 12,000 600
Steelhead trout.......-.... 118,000 | 4,056 481,499 | 24,297 | 284,514 | 14,026 | 124,333 6,137
Grand total.......... 2,525,700 | 66,779 | 4,236,741 |170,392 |3,600,902 122,583 | 697,290 | 25,560

82

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

PRopUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES,
AND COUNTIES, IN 1909—Continued.

Clarke. Skamania. Klickitat. Total.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. Value.
PUKSE SEINES.
@Hinooks cor: Hem Bes 5 sisal Sees epeepres sfc eyo raster ee arm | eae | rare seer epee 216,116 $10,379
Gono orsil vere. :. te. cece eee ceeee eae seca fpeetce es Bases cn. |eotaen secs seaman 3,085, 916 80,942
Doe, Or CHUM... 2. 2 see alee nea| =m ts ~ =| pes oea meee + = tear cia = a eet 9,030, 000 53,150
Humpback, or pittk+.<--|-So-s—-<.e)e-ceeee= Jinja Sotatapaaa'el| Sse e-cizieral| oie sie aio Sees elf Platdrerarorate 205, 000 650
Sockeye, or bluebacis. ..2.-|-----.2:2-|--<2--.- |e aes Seta [bere crac eal) SRE ol a Race 17, 425,085 670,135
Steelhead trolitcnc Seca olein= <e seers cetera alee seme = eterna ere |e arate 37, 942 2,144
Mabalcrsyseencn cen! secre aghl eee eee eet ee ae ee 30,000,059 | 817,400
HAUL SEINES. . | 7 ) ; -
Ghingolksor Kine -6 2953.21) e see eee | 180000) /$#2) G00: |. 4 cecne. este. oe 856,759 51,059
Coho, or silver......- BSE Sete ers) El |e perateinal eta et epee alles rere ate 200,000 | $6,000 | 3,022,665 84, 683
DOs: OF CHUM. caccieosecclieacecmecs|eccwssisie|soesscex cclbe~ sete. |teetcosese|Seeecres 6, 900, 600 54,658
Humpback; on pink sss)222|)2 dake sess] se. 3 |e. bee ea eee eres aie oie 236, 000 588
Sockeye, or bluehack--...2\e cic Se cc|ensrecters 1, © 24000) “2200s 2 522 cereal es 63, 722 3,088
SLleelhead roll. a5 2s5es|-eaek ears |paee nee 18,000 900 | 300,480 | 15,024 507,609 25,240
Motaleenseek oece chta| cee ee stelle eine 222,000 | 14,700 | 500,480 | 21,024 | 11,587,355 219,316
GILL NETS. if = fe ar,
Chinook, or king........- 3,000 $210 15,944 | 1,115 S00 50 | 3,702,213 182,343
Coho, or silver....-...--- 8,015 244 6, 216 186 1,000 30 | 4,547,210 | 134,672
DO Or CHUM 6 ee see aid ee eee asin | oe sleteerellin mm satatatateta|| Sjererereterse larcta ects alee [nace ietiee 1,959, 598 11, 688
ERIM pack. OF Mice sata | ese mata eee oceans ae) eee ae eee | aon 59, 800 746
Sockeye,.or blueback. =. 2)es0s eo -cs|-eeoees 2,850 14a Ae eee eae ence 2,972,050 111,734
Steelhead trout.........- 9,700 485 9,150 458 600 36 983, 267 58, 442
otal. co eeeawiced 20,715 939 34,160 | 1,902 2,400 116 | 14,224, 238 499, 625
DIVER NETS. - ; eae
Chinook, or king......... 14,000 980 77,914 HEC ES il erence | eet eae 264, 281 17, 233
Gobo OnsilVer Je ace ee enc | soe = sealer 2,000 GON 53.42 See ee Sees 2,000 60
Steelhead trout........-. 3,000 150 3,000 TOG a crsiaetee celle caterers 82,533 4,127
TO take. acta sic 17,600 | 1,130 S240149|' (5, G43.) 220 See es eee 348.814 21, 420
REEF NETS. | ai
Chinook, on-Kimg’..< < 2.109 |b ots e tee [estes o | (eB Se site| ities wlelos all dissin fast call Speen 45,000 2,250
Coho sOr SUVeL. 2 <js,aac02crei| Sere seme all ae eine Sere eee Raee sls ececemecl bee te eee eee ooee a= 136, 000 4,080
DOs OT CHUM siscc ese cx ct | Saoaciets mee] somes ae |S amecsite es skosaecaleme seem ele aoe ewer 96,000 500
Sockeye,,or blueback-ce.4|> 222s <5 |store ce |b nee eee leat ee eine eee | mes Saietate 365,000 14, 600
Totalk. Joe. sede eke seG ee esa 6S ele ates | a eee ee eee eet ee 642,000 21, 430
TRAP NETS. 7 p i
Chinook, or king.........|----------|-------- ; 4,200 294; 14,600] 1,022) 5,453,851 | 315,371
Coho xor'silwererssc.isc0.5-4'|s- ce meeen |ascee aes 3,060 93 17,600 528 | 9,349,310 217, 487
Dog or chums..2. dase.-+|sse-eeees s|aeaeee ne Vache ate | nye pe) 9 1 Sea em tera [pS cere 7,530,128 44, 284
Humpback, or pinks... -2|--<-224.$|ee--ccoe [ease gi PENG tact poe eae oe eee | eee ee 16, 994, 786 44, 208
sockeye,.or blueback..<..|-2--2.2-25|-coseee 800 40 2,250 128 | 56,269,490 | 2,028, 243
SteelheadMtrowtescecss- cel 2sec eee sleaeermer 3,600 180 6,600 366 559, 348 28, 212
Motalisc sinc cece e culluesedeoese | Seaeceet 11,600 604} 41,050 | 2,044 | 96,156,913 | 2,677,800
WHEELS. —_ 7 ees |
Chinook, or king... .2..-222) secs.00<ccceenectecis 261,736 | 16,039 | 105,640 | 5,432 367,376 21,471
Cohoyot silver: j-2e2 ces clecete~ ch sclessanane 18,751 666 | 314,080 | 6,418 332,831 7,084
Sockeye,.or blueback...-2 2) ---..<. 25.) -cese0ne 173,842 | 7,358 11,800 508 185, 642 7,866
Steelhead rows. Saco aller cteresearerala|| sow atcraicse 52,552 | 2,081 | 204,000 | 10,240 256, 552 12,321
Ota <5 crease iss |2eaneeeece laeeaaase 506,881 | 26,144] 635,520 | 22,598 | 1,142,401 48,742
LINES. - oS
Chinook, or king 4,800
Conosonsilvere cscse-se- : 25,149
Dog or Chum... 222.22 20
Total scidssesisicoved| accesses 29,969

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 83

PropUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES,
AND COUNTIES, IN 1909—Continued.

Clarke. Skamania. Klickitat. Total.
Apparatus and species. : ee eee
Pounds, | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. Value.
TOTAL.

Chinook, or king. .......- 17,000 | $1,190 | 439,494 |$35, 481 121,040 | $6,504 | 11,016,476 | $604,906
Coho, or silver.........-. 8,015 244} 29,967 | 1,002 | 532,680 | 12,976 | 21,328,466 | 554,157
Toray OUP Chaitin 2 Se ee ee es ie ee eae Pee ed ae oe eee ee es 25,520, 426 164,300
SEMPRA Ken OT IM Kise 5<c Aare ais icfol|ace Soe deal [Siew t ce necle sence os ae eciocw'scc | Se cctcacs 17, 495, 586 46,187
iBiueback..orsockeye.....|.-..--+:..|-+-.---- 201,492 | 8,741 14, 050 636 | 77,280,989 | 2,835, 666
Steelhead trout.......... 12,700 635 | 86,302 | 3,769 | 511,680 | 25,666 | 2,427,251 130, 486
Grand tolal........ 37,715 2,069 | 857,255 | 48,993 |1,179,450 | 45,782 {155,069,194 | 4,335, 702

STATISTICS BY WATERS.

Persons employed.—Puget Sound leads in the number of persons
employed in all branches of the industry, followed by Columbia
_ River, Grays Harbor, and Willapa Harbor in the order named.

Persons EMPLOYED IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY WATERS AND
NATIONALITIES, IN 1909,

a eae: ae Puget Grays | Willapa Columbia .
Occupation and race. Sound. | Harbor. | Harbor. | River. Total.
Fishermen
\S)/ 00 SO) 5 RR ee ea 2,981 112 130 1, 203 4,426
PEG ENTS ee rset nee ere AS mam otc Hon 188 Fadl Seen ae nea a 221
IN Se ee ee ee a 3, 169 145 130 1, 203 4, 647
Shoresmen: a
BURR EG OSU ee oe ak gk Megat oo Sete kee e Ss 1,968 16 10 97 2,091
UT GUE SSE yaa ee ee eee eee UE) hepa SESE See als aseme® ha 115
@hinese... 22 22.2..." Re ee ger he eee aera 1,051 45 10 164 1,270
eg peUiGR aaa 2 Mee dts Oe Ae ve eae So ee ees e 1,004 15 10 73 1, 102
Sees Re et teh dag 5 Socks: Gees se Ac aee toe 4,138 76 30 334 4,578
Transporters: ;
VVC LTS eae i ese ee eee ea 252 3 4 33 292
Total:
RWHHILES jc <n acs e nce ccd seme ae seceeseerbesseeennd 5,201 131 144 1,333 6, 809
Sea leh ie Vice A pS MENS a Be ene teins dye meio 303 a] eae ee ge (eer ae ee 336
ROREE VON ete Soo nn Soh ain So eS we ae 1,051 45 10 164 1,270
DYE AEST OR 2 ae es ea re er 1,004 15 10 73 1,102
(Grey a6 00) 2) LS eee nee en ee 7,559 224 164 1,570 9,517

84 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Investment, apparatus, etc.—Puget Sound leads in the total invest-
ment. The principal forms of apparatus used in the waters of
Washington are gill nets, haul and purse seines, traps, and wheels.

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY WATERS, IN 1909.

a] < «
Puget Sound. |Grays Harbor. W ee Har- !columbia River. Total.
Items. =. oR Tas ao | ee ae | Le
| Aude Value. pies Value. piel Value. Num Value. pee Value,
Transporting vessels: ;
Power vessels. .... 72 | $383,700 1 | $3,000 2 | $8,500 18 | $45,300 93 | $440, 500
Tonnage...... O06 eae ae siseiaa tol a Ree DO} seecence 1D il panes ee 15.158) |2<-.sseeee
Outfits -se26<|ains- eee 1195860) |2-.<- = SOOM freee ZSL90 NW es.crre m3 F510 7 (59a eee 135, 625
Power boats....... 2 ANE (0) ees eee mene cocci 3 2, 250 5 3,950
Fishing boats, power. . 260 | 363,750 5} 2,500 24] 7,800} 175 98,600 | 464 472, 650
Fishing boats, sail and
TOWiscisiee neo sisee eee 1,519 54,815 | 115 | 8,350 48 | 6,340 | 562 59, 440 |2, 244 128,945
Scows and house boats. 870 | 155, 233 1 400 8} 2,800 19 10,240 | 398 168, 673
Pile‘driversi<<- =. .22 22 | 100,600 3 450 2} 1,800 35 21, 500 62 124, 350
Apparatus, shore fish-
eries:
Purse seines......- a99 AS65026 ate cca| terec seen te eRe neiseie ster b2 500 | 101 44,150
Haul seines....... c 226 20255: | 2222 .6| eaeeecee d2 350 | €18 8,350 | 246 28, 955
Gill nets, drift.....| 7 896 54,131 |9100 | 8,000 | 280] 5,600 | 7544 101, 100 |1, 620 168, 831
Gill nets, set....-.. J 1,292 24,575 |%189 | 9,724 | 212 360 | m131 2,600 1,624 37, 259
DIV eDiets. soe eet cee lee areers eae acctsete|| nate =e ianel| aerate llecerencietere n 48 10, 160 48 10, 160
Trap nets, station-
OLY soc sous ees = 150 | 768,218 15 | 3,400 35 | 16,400 | 325 | 536,950 | 525 | 1,324, 968
Trap nets, floating. 1 2 O00 ee cera Seema ies ee orem | Seceeece | peck | ease 1 2,000
Reel netsisnae-c-2- 9 ASBOO Woe.2 105 | stclete sieves elseicerll occa = | ere 9 4, 500
Wiheels; stationaryaly Sases sofas se Sone] ees sense |S amas | eee eye 13 76, 000 13 76, 000
Wheels SCOW/ cence): tle atest | ee = eoneeee E| Byors tes: 3 8, 500 3 8, 500
Mines; trolling: 22 .|-2---2-- p< 1 Paeedeseael eer es [epeoee Bacaores peanss Moree car /| Sand 261
Shore and accessory |
MLO DeREy masse eee |paeee see 12295, OST. |seeeer 36,753 |......| 50,000 |...... 348,190 |...... 1,730, 030
@ashtca pital’ eeccenccleseace se 1,168,000 |...-.-- 20; 000 |2=.2.- 18,000) | 2-2-7 218, 500" |eaasee 1, 424, 500
MOtalen ass ssanee| Saeeeee 4,560,335 |....-- 93, 077 aerate [120,140 |.....- di DOlebbaleeeees 6, 334, 807
a Aggregate length of 68,100 yards. h Aggregate length of 28,000 yards.
b Aggregate length of 800 yards. i Aggregate length of 268,200 yards.
c Aggregate length of 35,841 yards. j Aggregate length of 57,980 yards.
d Aggregate length of 300 yards. k Aggregate length of 27,960 yards.
e Aggregate length of 8,683 yards. 1 Aggregate length of 720 yards.
7 Aggregate length of 112,915 yards. m Aggregate length of 5,370 yards.
9 Aggregate length of 20,000 yards. n Aggregate length of 19,200 yards.

Products.—The total catch amounted to 155,069,194 pounds,
valued at $4,335,702, of which Puget Sound produced 141,934,141
pounds, valued at $3,853,544. Trap nets were the most effective.
No humpbacks were taken commercially elsewhere than in Puget

Sound, while no sockeyes or bluebacks were taken commercially in
Willapa Harbor.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

85

Propucts OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES,

AND WATERS, IN 1909.

Apparatus and species.

Puget Sound.

arays Harbor.

Willapa Harbor.

Pounds. Value. Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
PURSE SEINES.
WH MoOk COMING 6. aa ce mncecnces- 5 207,197 SO PRED Wasa tex Soc lactomarselnige (Seen ieelens sarees
@oOhOWOr SilVer== 2 cicis = 2 emecseiaie ess - i 3, 083, 732 SO} SOS ew cases soe eee ees cun| neers oems, eeteree sic
MOP MOMCDTINI Ga sen = 3 28a c wieiissie cine 9, 030, 000 eS LU) ferries ote eral macclara c/ayaxal ee | eres mnerelexecetstays aecate
En p back Oripink...;. -\.<<2as'<<ii00-- 205, 000 G50 P arsisieciciers oie: lectore oais.c:cge flenanmale soa4 oetele ves ects
Sockeye, or blueback...............-- 17, 423,995 SAO 0 10))| eer oo Somme eee oc Iss semo sac
DiCCINCAG TOU. seisjotiocccocwcwecwacs 33, 200 UA NB een symts eapail oecceracerap nice [los rasa arnrel= | eves ereiaietaw
No} ¢2) eee ee eee ee scree 29, 983, 124 SOs O82: | teense Se eleeeteaclee cel cots s ceciew Wee me eee
HAUL SEINES.
WHINOOK sOl KONE: ico ssn isb'swaiceciectas- 302, 643 LO yb, | sic emrciccll ae stee erat 11,500 $345
ONO OMSINV ER. oo. <:0c'a< 0 sniooee naeos 2, 780, 248 TiS ig anne eee Renee reer Mrs. s centres. [Fen mes. ta
WORMON CHIUNME 52 -ciea.s = sac civicinnieteas = 6, 900, 600 4 ODS) Se ersten Sete rare ancal| Oe ete | ere aetna
Emp back,Or pink. .<<--<<ccceseess: 236, 000 DSS ill vs.crvinvwisis's calle cae. Sistsinieie | Smear sae af sw e/a eintaislere
Sockeye, or blueback................- 8, 000 AQOH | Secret ae aliee seers too eaeninaes| esos ce cts
MLeclheadi trots cccccc%iseeaciee vicielels © 48,908 PU Da pece ner ace eas eaten me eee ie Eero
MO tates atres ha sce actsee ates a 10, 276, 399 152; 143 Was. sees cule so S022 c8 11, 500 345
GILL NETS.
Chinook, Or KING os). cose cies ce ~:- 1, 196, 394 51, 844 571, 586 $15, 840 40, 000 1, 200
WO WO MOIST V CLs hecho simile na) cineimisieinres ace 3, 386, 847 105, 816 641, 858 16,571 22,000 2, 200
DOP ROM CHUM acc esasc aces aacae~sates 1,195,418 7,013 306, 256 1, 889 9, 800 162
ump back,.or pink-<:-.. 22.5. 05.2.-- 59, 800 TLD eae oie eres | a eens eee els | oer weer
Sockeye, or blueback........-.......- 2, 326, 700 88, 188 638, 000 Bg LUO | ie B aee creer: | meee orriaaee
Steelhead trouve... ...2225sjecicmcsisincce 647,798 43, 455 118, 000 4, 066 16, 000 800
M0) |e oe 8, 812, 957 297,062 | 2,275,700 61,566 87, 800 4, 362
REEF NETS.
(Clotha oye) <0) 2-ct «| eee oe ee 45,000 DED ie eee cas oeee se oc ais] Socios se nie [eee aeons
WOO OWSIVER. 2 sic sececsise~recccccs. 136, 000 AN) SOs |e Seen cre el | ec see race epeyerarmes | ereeeneroiaie ata
OS OP CHUM! 2.3.2. o 2c ccw ee ccecaz 96, 000 SOO; Sas Ae cscs | Ale aoe calle es paeeeesaeres
Sockeye, or blueback.:.......:......- 365, 000 1 GUD: a ee Sin, ees |e a oa Aha er |e arava eye
Motaleseeatess = 22s. chceSecie acd 642, 000 DY ABO occ ce cc mcted) ine osc See calatnccaccopiecemieeoe =
TRAP NETS.
@hinook, ;Or-King 25. ese cee. ska 4,075, 729 244, 151 49, 000 1,113 187, 799 6, 890
WOHOWOr SIV Esso hfecaaisiccac wetl cas 7,881, 678 189, 883 165, 000 8,875 | 262,271 2,485
Wop Or Chum >. 2285-2 - -sccece=. = = 6, 068, 492 31, 163 36, 000 225 | 643,332 8, 482
Humpback, OF Pink... 0... se .csn. 16, 994, 786 AA 203) tac cusdo takin eee al iete aete en eee seesee=
Sockeye, or blueback....-...........- DO, Daas ails 2) Ole OS Pils aces Sere least [8 Sams ee [saneteciseee
BURG CAC LOUD .25..cheisaceccesis oes =. 78,317 OU OLDE | mee anne s ee se eens 170 7
Ota emo os eanieetonceen £2 taGe 91, 252, 247 | 2,536, 358 250, 000 5, 213 |1, 093, 572 17, 864
LINES.
HINOOK. OF: KING. : 2.6. <isiseile ccc wsiccce 110, 880 47800 aos sacciece|lseeeccanwts| Mas eae seer |ecesces ola
MONG HOM SUV CIS coccsecetescmdeecise 852, 534 OH TAG Ss be Gosh cee rare noes bone eee ae
DOR. OF CHUM Soin) Posiecee cede sccece 4,000 DD He etal cei ee Al ee eee tees
aE Gel erences aetna cies cafes 967, 414 OS OGO eee ge Soe maker tel EO alee | eee eee
TOTAL,
Chinook, or king 5, 937, 843 329, 046 620, 586 16, 953 239, 299 8, 435
Gonos or'silver.. 522... 18, 121, 039 483, 661 806, 858 20, 446 284, 271 4, 685
WOR ROMCHUNTS fads cccacss sas soe 23, 294, 510 146, 504 342, 256 2,114 | 653,132 8, 644
Bin p back; Or pinks: 25c5<.025..- 22: 17, 495, 586 AGPISL: jetetonae Salo. am ceccs cose semes Seer ee eee
Sockeye, or blueback................. 76, 276,940 | 2, 796, 256 638, 000 23: 200) cose tases ee aoemee
mUCeINGACMILOUts Hasse see eeaces ce 808, 223 51, 890 118,000 4,066 16,170 807
Grand Total ths dseebess sede cce 141,934,141 | 3,853,544 | 2,525, 700 66,779 |1, 192, 872 22,571

86

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Propucts OF THE SALMON FISHERIES Of WASHINGTON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES,

AND WATERS, IN 1909—Continued.

| Columbia River. Total.
Apparatus and species. ————— | al
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
|
' PURSE SEINES. |
Chinook: or King ...02.22<< 2.4 sssehe ee seas eee eee 8,919 $535 216,116 $10,379
Conovor'silverisass {2:0 cc senseeseeee ee coe es , 184 44 3,085, 916 80, 942
Doe 900) gt C101 | ee ee ie or ee eee an Soe SAO PoccmCan occ 9, 030, 000 53, 150
um p DaCK,.OF Pines =. 228 <eyee a eeeeen eee sore ect |e cate erc eid) b oraecrererapelereye 205, 000 650
Sockeye, or blueback-.....).0.. s2222 s 22002352 520ee <0 1,090 49 17, 425, 085 670, 135
Steelhiead! troutccictos- se =< = <eeae seen ee eee 4,742 190 | 37, 942 2,144
LOCI Sem cctc acne soelasts xa aoe aes are frie 16,935 818 30, 000, 059 817,400
HAUL SEINES. |

Chinook oricin S27: 58.5 2 aacs.cej Ge cee tae emia 542,616 34, 557 856, 759 51,059
Colio; (orisilVers so sss6sccs coe -cice ese esac ee sr 242,417 | 6, 848 3,022, 665 84, 683
DO SON CHUN Ss «<5 ste sual eeccas eit ate 2 astra crate eral Paseraisreypntavarne | sins Voraiareimiaiaye 6, 900, 600 54, 658
HMumpbackorpink: 2-5 <2.cceseee == cies se eae ea ee eee cleric | nen eeiceeenee 236, 000 588
Sockeye; or bluebackess cineca s+ ~ noc cicee nse seer ae ee 55, 722 | 2,688 63, 722 3,088
Steelhead trout.........- see oe dein teeters Aes eee 458, 701 22, 735 507, 609 25, 240
Wo} hl Peers Ae ene een enn See eee Oe erst 1, 299, 456 66, 828 11, 587, 355 219,316

GILL NETS.
Chinook, OP KANG Sisk Soa Se os sche sects sees eterna 1, 894, 233 113, 459 3, 702, 213 182, 343
Coho NOrisilyers==, cesisaecces ele ase Ser ee eee oe 496, 505 10,085 4, 547, 210 134, 672
Dog; OM CHUM. So 8 2 2 seh. 2s ose oees os caeeeciee eee es 448, 224 2,624 1, 959, 698 11, 688
Humpback; or pink... << 22.20 2c cc eee seer sie noms clsies oe |elonre vine einieie o |inas winiwienterel= = 59, 800 746
Sockeye,'or blueback<:c. -.- 22-2 355i2-2 52-2 Speer 7,350 346 2, 972, 050 111, 734
Steelhead }troutes. =..2tesecers -2 soeie sate eee eee 201, 469 10,121 983, 267 58, 442
AKO 17) RE RI eee eS Sa oreo omen 3,047,781 136, 635 14, 224, 238 499,625

DIVER NETS
Chinook; (OPiKING 32.025 coc Sais ececencesieeweserasas 264, 281 17, 233 264, 281 17, 233
Coho; Or/SilWenss 25< eesa.eh see seine sao eeeeneee 2,000 60 2,000 60
Steelhead trout..22..2.-.<.<..2<s Bate chelation erste 82,533 4,127 82, 533 4,127
MOtAlo sade sea nae tee eens ee eee 348, 814 21,420 348, 814 21,420

REEF NETS
Chinook, or king.........-. Leta Bae san teases eee sen As eetle aaa | aan eee 45, 000 2, 250
COhO, OF'SUlVeL oo sciow eccin sia sjo see se 2 sataaw ce ere oe 5 Ete stele | aia aetoiani= 136, 000 4,080
DOS MORICHTEM wis eee acer aiid SS Spoercperers aageresa | Gea eeeIoetreee| be aeocoeeeaaa 96, 000 500
Sockeye, or blueback..... . 2.2.2.6 22% cece sacele ec e oa] eisiele stents s wie | eens mae sani 365, 000 14, 600
Total sid... vat Seaids ctidawlnns does 1h cee eeaeaae coon ee oangeae sek Se hae saree 642,000 21,430

TRAP NETS F
ChinOOks OF Gan es See fete cones eee eb ee ee 1,141, 323 63, 217 5, 453, 851 315, 371
Coho; Or SilWer cia.2c--225 552 sae eseee ae een ee eee 1,040, 361 21, 244 9, 349, 310 217, 487
DOP; OMChUM §.< ceca sce sree se te een ore e-em 782, 304 4,414 7, 530, 128 44, 284
Humpback, or pink =.-222 2.6. sceec.desnns gasses oes| sels seme | cine ae cisisisne 16, 994, 786 44, 203
Sockeye; On blueback: =. 22222 se seo een - ems aes 116, 245 5, 261 56, 269, 490 2, 028, 243
Steclhecagttrotltoccicionessceeene see ee eee eee 480, 861 24, 229 559, 348 28, 212
TE OGAY aracrepcctets > hersahare beraye te eles Sci tee ote aatale= 3,561, 094 118, 365 96, 156, 913 2, 677, 800
WHEELS.
Chinook, or king.......-. scarciboa Es Syeee arches eee ce are ace 367, 376 21,471 367, 376 21,471
Coho. Or'silVers 22..5 2s 22452052 14 See ce ee feses2 332, 831 7, 084 332, 831 7, 084
Sockeye,.or blueback...<-c0 sase- essen Soe eee 185, 642 7, 866 185, 642 7, 866
Steelhead trout... oc oc tots - eo mesies fswisienis sessile we eersicleiare 256, 552 12, 321 256, 552 12,321
Motel oeicioca cats hacen eas <seeutes creo reeeerre 1, 142, 401 48, 742 1, 142, 401 48, 742
LINES
Chinook; on King n..4 seapaecc.<ce ie oe Seasick HE Eee Ree EE Beaten owoceaeee 110, 880 4, 800
Coho, or silver.........- Ne oo wp Bevele ON Siad Ss Bee REE nn SEE ee Cac erese aaeaenese 852, 534 25, 149
DOP: OF CHUM. jo.ck-cesseennct sceeace ok paeeeeese. SS Rees tes oe | eeeeer ec 4,000 20
TROPSY see 1s oc Ss eiere apie Sein tetetn etme. cs os Sc eset | Sein oe ei ceeall siete ete eee 967, 414 29, 969
TOTAL :

Chinook Or kN 8 js ood sear odie eee eke a oak assem 4, 218, 748 250, 472 11, 016, 476 604, 906
Coho-or silvers 22. /..d52062 econ ae ae Sto he die ersialeeite 2,116, 298 45, 365 21, 328, 466 554, 157
DOF HOMCMUME soe eos eee a ena Saeceeee 1, 230, 528 7, 038 25, 520, 426 164, 300
Monn pback,-Or pinks. sasn(-2/slsco eae ycts ters tawsicte tae | ore = ek rosea) Clee ielsiaterertas 17, 495, 586 46, 187
Sockeye, or blueback. <2... 5. sens tee see ecw necine 366, 049 16, 210 77, 280, 989 2, 835, 666
Steelhead trout: ..cce aece sess otesa sees ncmeenees 1, 484, 858 (BES 2, 427, 251 130, 486
Grand totals fcc0ck ese Geswe tees ceceee emacs 9, 416, 481 392,808 | 155,069, 194 4, 335, 702

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 87

Products canned.—Of the total pack of 1,926,539 cases, valued at
$8,681,843, 1,757,539 cases, valued at $7,917,608, were packed on
Puget Sound. One of the canneries operating on the Columbia River
brought some sockeyes from Puget Sound, and the Puget Sound
packers could have packed many more humpbacks than they did,
but refrained from doing so because of the low prices prevailing at
the time for canned humpbacks.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON IN WASHINGTON IN 1909.

Puget Sound. | Grays Harbor. Willapa Harbor.
Products. ‘ =
f Cases. | Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
Chinook, or king, red:
Mepound fatt.--o.-08<tclndessonse 655 SO FOUUM| taut ade acerca saecce | aseeeeis eee
REPO Mente rajctaine no ce a oan 8, 278 BO OGBU ecicesccce |= <eeacmiee 197 $837
Lisyefan bors isa \n(c> 4 010) q kee es eee eee ee) bon eee Beer meeo sero bon are
LPOUNG, Tallic. < <n <ecinc.cnt cciies vee 2,003 10, 817 3,544 | $15, 594 1, 258 5, 032
“1 a er 10,936 | 63, 105 3,544 | 15,504 1,455 5, 869
Chinook, or king, white:
l-pound flat.................----5- 2, 033 | [TAH | aes eee AE Se meni Paap Cones | Yer senesae ee
15 of0pa4\6 | 0:3) BRE Oe eee eee 378 1, 289 2,177 OF 225) coos 2 Seco k Aleta Hesersrs
MOtalees ose seems scessiceiseeec se 2,411 9, 499 2,177 | DpQ2O Pearce tetas aie S
Coho, or silver: | 7
RePOUNC HAs enw aces secscnece ns 24,061 65, 771 1,088 | 3; 046) ewan Sacirc Rae deere
Tiejayo} bia (e Ic: ee ee 21, 431 103, 268 1,176 | STA incor oe lel Bs 5 hara-eees
P= POUNG THe oa. < aon a enene cece 109, 249 458, 845 7,299 29, 926 4,822 | 17,359
Zpound Nominal. 2-2. ..c2scee<.- 427 Qe DO2) Pct nits crs eee amana| asekloonaee |--seeeeeee
AP OCMC Se cccicccwecelncicacaeccses< 155, 168 630, 446 9,563 | 38,146 4, 822 | 17,359
Chum, or dog: |
Be POUIE CM bach eo * Sere sialatete erste iaciala afternere Soa aw se qencinlrascta ees (ei 1,300 | 1,950
PPOUNnd Uats.ce tice ce cece ces 219 oy ee eteeecmee ssa soot [eters ape oeiats
HePOUNG tall Fae sein cee ce sce 53, 469 128, 325 | 5, 047 11, 608 5, 097 | 11, 213
MO rere foes csccteauckas: 53,688 | 128,916} 5,047) 11,608] 6,397 | 13, 168
Humpback, or pink: i‘ | |
Pe POUNG ABE! vena bsideds ss n0 52 2,030 5, 585 |......---- eee (eee Reante tle
H=POUNG alleen. os coec. soon see se 368, 963 SIO WO Uy ene c= he ieee eres oe esate Jegrcecceee
(No): Ses 0 ees 370,993 902 BAO Neih cace moderate Sobes laceces ee selene
Sockeye, or blueback:
Pnomnd ft. oe -ceanacsaanice < 224, 455 906,770 |.......--. Sets PN eee ee ee
FOUN O HAL cece moceeacmnscesn 454,381 | 2,728,186 244 | TAGE Socsisceie- beeaascomee
PEWOUNG Alla cess mck tnors-teeeeen 485,507 | 2,548, 344 | 1,405 | (Ps oy Gil he ope ees |e Ree
ERO UH a: s.Scecs cae cress See 151645343)! 46,183,300) |} 15649|" * QS05N iS. . ba... -| ede oe
Grand total.............--+-----| ~1, 757,539 | 7,917,608} 21,980) 79,624 | 12,674 | 36,391

88

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack OF CANNED SALMON IN WASHINGTON IN 1909—Continued.

Columbia River. Total.
Products.
Cases. | Value. Cases. Value.
Chinook, or king, red: |
4-pound flat......--. sfio See eee eee eee 22, 895 $96, 160 23, 550 $98, 780
Jepolind Nagas < 2 ease soe eas aac he erate cee 30, 222 210, 134 38, 697 260, 639
tpound fat OxpoOrtss. asso es ee eee 606 4, 242 606 4, 242
Tpound tall se dee 384 eee ee 12,066 | 78, 636 18, 871 110,079
I=pound! Ovals. 225 sote setae ae oc aeese race 1,110 | 10, 212 1,110 10, 212
tL 2) (eens ec a oe ee: er ene 66, 899 399, 384 82, 834 | 483, 952
Chinook, or king, white-
pote] bra Cola iE: repairers seiner ee eee em cree eC lee (Ne Sree Pr tryrsrs mma 2,033 8, 210
BES Oe ]p1 10 A Al | pee reac Seer tae ee nearest aml Pecemnen inna Deere ea 2,555 6, 514
Motel occ omoccswuesantencteeee esses sis ee eens are (homers net Set ei l| eee eee eer 4,588 14, 724
Coho, or silver:
A POMMNC Ata se Sac eee oe ee ee eee re ee ee 9, 143 25, 600 34, 292 94, 417
T=POTMIANL Ate eet. eee Beene eas eee ete eee 6, 278 26,313 28, 885 134, 755
{pound tall. se senec sees te ee a See ener 15, 638 63, 900 137,008 570, 030
2 pounGinominal ssc st. snot ese sas eee hae as (See eae ee Sella seen ese ee 427 2, 562
ROAM aa San se cistha etic ee cece ease eee eae 31,059 115, 813 200, 612 801, 764
Chum, or dog: ;
F-POUNG Maver es coees cae eee eee Lope foe ce eS eae A na ancl teee 1,300 1,950
1 BToveyhy YG Bet: ae ee ee ee eee Seer e ie an ae e rnc lerooee cesar 219 591
f-pOun tall sccceks vem sore cate eacboerescce tees. 20,051 46, 786 83, 664 197, 932
ER OTB eetas See eee sie eee ae ee eee 20,051 46, 786 85, 183 200, 473
Humpback, or pink: ie
l=pound Mat: << ce ces ade 5 sees eee eee ee Sears | slots tetera erate se eee ae 2, 030 5, 585
T-POUNGitalll < 2b ohsece seats tees ene es eee eee | peer ee ees eee senna e 368, 963 896, 757
4 10) £1 (a ee eee ee a ees Sakae e ee 370, 993 902, 342
Sockeye, or blueback:
F-POUNG NAG: £20. e oe Sone ee eae ee sehen a 5,047 21,197 229, 502 927, 967
Mepoun Gat: sees cen. aseee eae sae ee 2, 087 17,017 456, 712 2,746, 667
t=pounditalle ce. sees osee ce be a Ot es aoe 567 3, 062 487,479 2, 558, 993
Mo tale: ceteseeae aso nase ee eee 7,701 41,276 1, 173, 693 6, 233, 627
Steelhead trout:
pound tate <-es ee see ee eee 945 2,937 945 2,937
1-pound flat....-...... sists stale. d's eles sine ae ESS 3, 794 19, 422 3, 794 19, 422
J-pound tall o.oo Soccsececs ca cogs ss Skee cses es 3,897 22, 602 3, 897. 22, 602
otal sos. cicassesese int oF oo geen asionseeeae 8, 636 44,961 8, 636 44, 961
Grand) total cece c<ccsttsose cone s- sos -eese eee 134, 346 648,220 | » 1,926, 539 | 8, 681, 843

a Includes 997 cases, valued at $4,187, packed with sockeyes from Puget Sound.

b All 1-pound cases contain 48 1-pound cans; the 3-pound cases contain 48 }-pound cans. Reduced toa

common basis of cases containing 48 1-pound cans, the pack is 1,781,317} cases.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 89

Miscellaneous products.—By far the greater part of the miscellane-
ous secondary products were prepared on Puget Sound. Pickled
salmon predominate in quantity, but mild-cured salmon represent
the greatest value.

MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY PrRopucTs PACKED IN WASHINGTON IN 1909,

Note.—Mild-cured salmon have been figured on a basis of 800 pounds to the tierce and pickled fish on
a basis of 200 pounds to the barrel.

Puget Sound. Grays Harbor. | Willapa Harbor.
Products. c= =| ac ha
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.) Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Frozen: |
Coho, or silver, round.............-.-- 396,477 | $21,989 |..........|........-- ae, eee
Coho.orsilver, dressed... -<<:--<s<<- 60, 000 By OS eee. Sells tae ane ae aed he ees
Dog, or chum, round...............--. 1,099, 985 1115 }9717) 0) eee ee | rome ee Sac aen ae ee
Dog, or chum, dressed...........-.--- BN OO Gh | ML Cio BLM Diapers cae Beall one. tah hates ll Statens Ne leet aoe
Humpback, TOWN < . 22222. .-.22<..-.2- 62,945 | POOL Lasoo are Mat Bm 2 | ee Seah a ene 2 ae
King, or spring, round........... re 70, 183 POISE Se cct ele Ges teen [Be dpe: med | oe
King, or spring, dressed.............-. 4, 000 AUN) Maer 5 Ee a eect ae Sessile mies
Steelhead trout, round................ 202,165 18,195 70, 000 SO; S008 ee oc 2 ee Oe 2 ee ..
PU OUH Ie Seren ees a ain eee ee 2,160,442 | 120,851 70, 000 OF SOON SS 3 ade becca cath.
Mild cured: ;
Remi (OrSprints 3-4-5 geese vec! 1,687,200 | 210,770 | 60,000 9,000 | 23,200 | $1,856
Pickled: :
NGM POU SDE sa,c de aeiec.cccenls Passa war aetawiemerd2) yes 2leawes 1,000 O40) |53,.6 Seee Salo eas Soe
a OMOUS DPN Ms DCMICS 22 Seno ane enclose seSoeens hos tse eae Secs ade lacance ance Cio ewecar| eect anon
Wo Pron Chim 22.2223. .22- fee 50, 000 LLO% | sage 25 2% | erste Nae ocl| See Bi retegae | Seed See
SENET DAGHe ae ee cyener cscs. 250eo423 1,615, 000 BESO) U8 228 6 all oe Seid gf tae gk adhe ees ce
Humpback bellies............-..-.... 172, 400 BR OLU rae com teen e ees \o2 eee =
Pp ete, Bi pacer eead Acie So 1,837,400} 57,245 | 1,000 540 |... iexieie
Smoked: |
(COHOVOUSILVEN 2. aas2--~ ance na 4| 30, 000 AA 2 0 nro Pre ey (egy Rr, | are
WORF OF CHUM (orci winanlosi--'s wae compass 517, 245 PASCO |iitsistadaasal stamens see ae eee eee ee
Dog, or chum, kippered............--. 5, 000 DUO) fSn5n2 cs beadas actual ese aca bee ae
Humpback backs, kippered.........-. 100, 000 DA QOO! | aaass2 onl oem esac Wes Scenes ladepmact
120) 1 (900) ois) 9) gh cl see 30, 165 DEE Wak Severe s de Mic as Si ee| Seis aes eee
King, or spring, white, kippered...... 190, 500 LG, O03 |2ac% eo ca5 (64 ct noes Vs Peet ae Jo-+-----
i Se cr ee 872,910 | 51,625 |..........)..2.02.22. aes Sa
Mertilizer: .. ..2-<s-c<ua<¢ccacees+esseeese: 1,210,000 | 18,610 |.......... ee ees en es
(Oi 6 Re a re ener eee ee 380, 648 IE an 1 1 Eee eee | Meare ans) Pe Ne eee
Grand total.........2.2..2-20.2-20-- 8,148,600 | 473,262 | 131,000| 15,840 | 23,200/ 1,856

90

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY Propucts PACKED IN WASHINGTON IN 1909—Continued.

Columbia River. Total
Products. |
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
|
Frozen:
Coho, or silver, round........ a ee 72,000 | $3, 960 468,477 $25,949
Coho;iorsilver, dressed =-.<22ces-e ee = one eee ooo een eee ae eee 60, 000 4, 200
Does or Chum, TOUNG aoe ee see 2 eee eee 1,099, 985 55, 250
Dog, or chum, dressed 264, 687 11,911
Humpback, round). - 2222.22 22s 2ceue seca ers 62, 945 1, 888
King, or spring, round 70, 183 7,018
King, or spring, dressed 4,000 400
Steelhead trout, ToUNG's 225-2 2s eee ee 232,000 | 22,120 | 504, 165 46,615
POE nee ene eee eee ee ee 304, 000 26, 080 2,534, 442 153, 231
Mild cured:
Kein? OM Splines <q.) oceos.nseen2 eee eee eesesstes 522, 400 52, 200 | 2, 292, 800 273, 826
Pickled: |
ERSETN OVE PUTO ye cree rene eae i ears a cane ee | te reece 1,000 540
Kane Or Splines DOlleS sense esses 2a et 6,750 671 6,750 671
TO PEROT CHUN staf ah cic icrets te cries ce aan ye Se eee tare rie tee | 50, 000 175
HUN PACs oss cece {oe erst meee nee 6 ae bars ae he ee | ieee ae | 1,615,000 48,450
Humpback belliessa toe s4-2e- nee ee ee [eins tet. Sone | een aeneers ee 172, 400 8, 620
ROCA = been niceties as 4ekeene cece sae eee 6, 750 671 1,845, 150 58, 456
Smoked:
Coho,:Or Silver. sxiiiac siscacccccec cesses tases 2 1i.5e Sl teens Pace See aaa re 30, 000 1,800
DOF OL CHUM. cA cehee meee eeicew te esite was ycieels a glommeeeeen sacle cece eae 517, 245 25, 862
Dog, orichum, kippered) 2.5: ..>.22< 222.2 -eego- 2-2 on |eewees ges soe looee eee see = 5, 000 500
Humpback backs; Kippered ss. 2..ccte. 2 Sos Shee) oe oe ee seca emcee Soot 100, 000 5, 000
King, or spring....... Be nee eat Sy ee 4 rc era oe cede S| Sead ceeans sete 30, 165 2,413
King orspring, white; kippered: 2224.6 ecole assets eas eee 190, 500 16,050
Els ose pee aan ee cen es ards te tee ae 872, 910 51,625
Fertilizer... .........20-00c20ccccceececceceeeceeceees Rae aa 1, 210, 000 18, 610
OU E32. Bevcice sno see tices ane eee tae at a rhe a@ 380, 648 14, 161
Gitar Cota oo... aarenansvacsewbet.eonedeucemeen | 833, 150° 78,951 9,135,950} 569,909
|

a Represents 50,713 gallons.
COLUMBIA RIVER.

As the Columbia River forms the boundary between Oregon and
Washington and the citizens of both States operate in the river, for
convenience tables showing persons employed, investment, catch, and
the packs of canned salmon and miscellaneous secondary products on
both sides of the river are combined in the tables given below, in
addition to showing most of these data in the regular state tables.

PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER IN 1909.

|

Occupation and race. Number. Occupation and race. Number.
Fishermen: Whites..........--...---.-- 4,443 || Transporters: Whites.................-- 80

Shoresmen: Total:
IWILES 2. << c calgon cca see Deeaeneae 426 WRITES «2 essen tweet nan e oaee eee 4,949
Chinese #5. .co cus seen eee ee 417 Chines@ ioc hatccec teen ee eee 417
VAPANESCtacacewses es eee eee eee 268 Japanese 2.2 e252ch .Saces-soeen esse 268
Totaléscctseseee seas eee eee 1,110 Grand totals se... csccceesctc ese heer 5, 634

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

91

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER IN 1909.

Items. Number., Value. Items.
Transporting vessels: Apparatus, shore fisheries-Con.
Power vessels...........- 39 | $118,400 Gill mets) drift s< o55-2.20< 6
Monnage s....20ecsee< SO), Non sseneees GRIMES: S@iis ha secs as a nnime
Ouwtiit.. . =. See eeen SA Sasa wicrethqe 29,875 DIVE NEUSis © a ccoteretareieerecas
IROWeMbOalse. ...2- acs. 14 26, 550 rap MS ade ce eaceene as
Fishing boats, power..-....-.. 425 222, 700 Wheels, stationary.....-.
Fishing boats, sail and row...) 1,923 254, 395 Wheels, scow............-
Scows and house boats ....... 110 51,950 || Shore and accessory property .|
Pil ATIVOETS . cjecc:eece 22s 37 23,300! ||, Cash capital. 2c < . 2.2. <aiecemvers
Apparatus, shore fisheries: }
Haul seines............... 52 21, 250 Otel ai css scence’
Purse seines.....-..----s--- 2 500

Number.

Value.

$571, 305

CaTcH, BY APPARATUS AND SPECIES, IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF THE COLUMBIA

River In 1909.

| Apparatus and species. Pounds. Value. Apparatus and species. Pounds. Value.
PURSE SEINES. TRAP NETS.

Chinook, or king......-..... 8,919 #535 || Blueback, or sockeye....... 141, 265 $6, 387
WonhoywOr'SUVeErs o222.c0a:6 << 2,184 44 || Chinook, or king..........- 1, 198, 383 65, 823
Blueback. or sockeye. .....- 1,090 49 || Dog, orchum.............. 931, 564 5,188
Steelhead trout............. 4,742 190 |} Silver, or coho.............. 1,602, 581 32, 888
Steelhead trout............. 527,071 26, 540

MOtHe Son ceaiscana er 16,935 | 818
Wotal .Josce cesuycccccte 4, 400, 864 136, 826
HAUL SEINES. _—————————

WHEELS.

Blueback, or sockeye......- 110, 503 5,183
Chinook, or king 1,392,377 85,261 || Blueback, or sockeye. ...... 949,165 38, 898
Dog, or'chum..~..... 24, 000 150 || Chinook, or king........... 1,091,751 64, 082
Silver, or coho........ aoe 506, 439 12,135 || Silver, or coho.............. 603, 453 12,683
Steelhead trout............. 1,078,118 52,562 || Steelhead trout............. 592, 819 27, 835
110) 22 | See eee 3,111, 437 155, 291 Oia sees see ee ee 3, 237, 188 143, 498

GILL NETS. TOTAL.
Blueback, or sockeye. ...... 8,350 396 || Blueback, or sockeye....... 1, 210, 373 50,913
Chinook, or king........... 11,958, 512 667, 221 || Chinook, or king........... 16, 534, 480 938, 808
DOP OMCHUIIS «<.<c-<).c.00c0'- 542, 472 3,223 || Dog, orchum.............. 1,498, 036 8, 561
Silver, or coho.............- 792,774 16, 504 || Silver, or coho. ............. 3,509, 431 74,314
Steelhead trout............. 515,940 25,292 || Steelhead trout............. 2,803, 023 136, 636
Motel ees se cece cect 13,818, 048 712, 636 Grand total.......... 25, 555, 343 | 1, 209, 232
DIVER NETS.

Chinook, or king........... 884, 538 55, 886

Silver, or coho.............. 2,000 60

Steelhead trout............. 84, 333 4,217

MOtaleeas oe ccc se cise 970,871 60, 163

92

CANNED Pack on Bots SIDES OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER IN 1909.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,

Products. Cases.@ Value. Products.
Blueback, or sockeye: Humpback, or pink:
S-POUNG MALS... casa 0s b 37,118 | $154,292 l=pound tales: c..-e-seece
I-pound flat. 2c. .cecnesean 8, 732 56, 887
T=pound Halle o<c-c--o52 ¢ 617 3,382 || Silverside, coho, or white:
————_—_—_}———— 4-pound flat.............-
Motali eo cenoe esc ce ssc 46, 467 214,561 | 1-pound flat. : <..2.------
oe I-pound-tall. .2.--ssk ese:
Chinook, or king:
2-POUNG NAL. « ois:c sieeisisteie ns 90, 281 379,181 Motales sheen Ses secese
I-pound flata..22 s-sscesc+ 84, 212 603, 651
1-pound flat exports...... 606 4,242 || Steelhead trout:
I-pound ‘tall. 23-2: sciecie 29,519 193, 827 a-pound Hat...-.22-sc-ss=
}-pound oval............- 534 2,670 1=pound Nats. jesecc sees
1-pound'oval...225-2-<--24 1,919 18, 142 1-pound tall..............
2-pound nominal......... 458 1,833
Motel ec tecesceaacenese
Votal csscasseccccs 322: 207,529 | 1,203, 546
Grand totale. 2sc-s.-se
Chum, or dog:
T-pounditall js. <. ccc 24, 542 57,115

All 1-pound cases contain 48 1-pound cans; the 4-pound cases contain 48 }-pound cans.

Cases.a | Value.
d55 $132
12, 447 34, 852
14, 498 62, 468
21, 455 87,750
48, 400 185,070
8, 009 25,021
5,159 27,117
8,217 47, 658
21,385 99,796
348,378 | 1,760, 220

Of these, 50 cases, valued at $320, were filled with sockeyes brought from Puget Sound, Wash.

a
b Of these, 5,592 cases, valued at $22,883, were filled with sockeyes brought from Puget Sound, Wash.
c
d

Filled with fish brought from Puget Sound, Wash.

Pack or MIscELLANEOUS PRopucts ON BotH SIDES OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER IN 1909.

Products. Pounds. Value. Products. Pounds. Value.
Frozen: Smoked:
Chinook. cuss jsdecceswe 14, 000 $1, 400 Chinookiee sececcnceeee 127,700 $19, 155
Sil'versid@:... 22.22: <== 288, 175 17, 828 Siltverside@ =<... yacs cee 20, 000 , 000
Steelhead trout......... 1,646,662 | 163,887 A
} Motaleac -eaeteeeeeeoe 147,700 21; 155
MNotaleccscismececs acess 1,948, 837 183, 115
Grand totallsecscee-s 6, 535, 533 648, 125
Mild-cured:
CHinGOK22 wcaccesccs ceee 4,432, 246 443,184
Pickled:
Chinook bellies.......-- 6,750 671
OREGON.

The catch of salmon in the Columbia River in 1909 was only fair,
owing partly to the shortening of the open fishing season.

coast streams conditions were far from favorable.

On the
Low water at one

time kept the salmon from entering the streams; afterwards freshets

and storms made fishing impossible at times.

show increases over the previous year.

STATISTICS BY COUNTIES,

A few places, however,

Persons employed.—The total number of persons employed was

5,320.

All of the fishermen and transporters were whites.

Clatsop

County, in which Astoria is located, has more than half of the per-

sons employed.

/

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 93

Persons EMPLOYED IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY COUNTIES AND
NATIONALITIES, IN 1909.

Fisher- Trans-
Sar Shoresmen porters. Total.
Counties.
F p Chi- | Japa- : P Chi- | Japa-
Whites.| Whites. aca." wapans Total. | Whites.) Whites. esa. | nese: Total.
Wascon £26552 So 48 21 33 8 G2 eee 2 69 33 8 110
Hood River... Gils cemices |eeeteesaotrecoersae sas cosas acta eas G |ecedes dlecceacse 6
Multnomah. . 88 29 68 42 139 2 119 68 42 229
Clackamas SG: setae cline cscs | Misco |e Mie cee loetenes:s 86) | nasccccelasteccee 86
Columbia 149 7A ee) | awe a 21 8 L78:,| bocce sec) ac oamee 178
Clatsop 2,863 258 152 145 555 37 3,158 152 145 3,455
Tillamook 154 11 50 9 70 4 169 50 9 228
Lincoln 144 9 19 14 ADWios Soc ee 153 19 14 186
li 121 7 30 14 51 2 130 30 14 174
MD OURIAS: « o. Sciccccce- 100 5 19 10 34 2 107 19 10 136
OOS Barta oe ae eee 276 26 36 14 76 10 312 36 14 362
Quite ae a eis ee 33 15 Ais iococ lel atee 19 5 53 i ees YY
Josephine........... 111 7s IRs) (peer ge | Eee ore VIS: nde coeliac esene 113
Motals.casec..- 4,179 404 411 256 1,071 70 4,653 411 256 5,320

Investment, apparatus, etc.—The total investment amounted to
$3,641,775, of which more than one-half is contributed by Clatsop
County. The gill net is the principal form of apparatus used in
most counties.

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY COUNTIES, IN 1909.

Wasco. Hood River. | Multnomah. | Clackamas. Columbia.
Items.
psa Value. nie Value. eae Value. stats Value pled Value.
Transporting vessels:
IP OWODAVOSSEIS= 55 c wrwis.c.c seis |icce sieisie | e1e.ciee's «| seisteics | cise cise db) 34,000 |e ea oee | oceans 4 | $10,900
SNOMHACCG M3. page cscc sl jecaen|pooe sce s| Suse |y-cic.cenr MS cdja ise o Aleselsic| stcuas See a 26 |eatiesnne
MOTTE Gee oy ca ocnenans|seeens|aemcs ena |eeen| aun = sos] Sauer COUN ees oaS. ee costa cee 1,570
IBOWET DOSTSo an85- Sccapos cise Seeders |S. c0e bees acclsisior |stemaieaee 1 L000) | se. oes 2 1,800
Fishing boats, power.......-.- Bel$2, 000) 552-22) a seeece LO Ze QOD lS ctor is sete srepo 76} 17,100
Fishing boats, sail and row.... 16 800 6 $240 53 | 2,300 43 | $1,290 33 1,810
COW SANG HOUSE, DOALS fe orci: 6 |i cininin'e| 2: siaieinrsie] o merarece lateisie s:c3'2 Pht) Ml GOW) | eevee [eee cierete 4 1,500
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
VaSe@INeS = o's 22. oceic Soca 1 DOO) Ease aeeecroae 1 AWN | Oe cntee le msaikcies 4 1, 400
illite Grits 6% ccc casc| ocice mae Barctomms Soke salenewesae 8 560 det ag Al ON al cetwinicieara
Gill nets, set.............- 4 70 20 360 52 871 fe! 792 50 920
DI VENHe US ements. 2a ceetee |leelcie=|lsers cee e| eae aa oxen oe 26.4 6). 200' econ cle -cscnes 89 | 15,825
POUNGI NETS Lt os Sas cce se [aie si clincc ew nistellancc nc] sedisciscis bse as feeese ees naeisscc| isc sc -steiele 10 6,750
Wheels, stationary.......- 14 1260, 000 |... ..|.---2--. 121/50 0002. ol ov eameleiese celecewecec
Wheels, scow........------ 421 165000) |peeeeesaceeoee 2) 16) O00! Wes oowcese noosa ace) ic oa-eree
Shore and accessory property -|.....-|261,600 |......)......--]....-- 123; 015 |. caro VD? | scorers 69, 565
RESIN CHD EGA lie eraictercle.c)ajanjnnjelarsio «| atse’ain= BH COO) coca na)'s 2 samen | ie cers LOS; 500i sccee|eesemese|eenace 15, 000

A0 Ea eee eee ae 575,970 |....-- 600 |....-- 320, 746 |...... D5 660) |lecwciee 144, 140

94

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY COUNTIES, IN 1909—

Continued.
Clatsop Tillamook. Lincoln. Lane. Douglas.
Items.
Num-) Num- Num- Num- Num-
Der. Value how Value. oe Value ber: Value. hen Value.
Transporting vessels:

Power vessels.........--- 16 $58, 200 ZA O2 300 Woe ,cee.<| lcci snce 1 | $3,000 1 | $2,000
Tonnage... 25.06. 1 sc0e< 163: | oeekccaies ING) | 'Sotecices ose|| sree opal sects ons (Beer Dulemecwes
Oupiies ce asec srcloeees 14 630 acess LOO IA Sree rorece | ope ceavcece |ereetelact O50 ieee 400
Power boats.............. 8 21, 500 1 2, 000 2 S600 ct ccclcccewsweletencelee sees
Fishing boats, power......... 157 97,100 3 600 3 1,500 Gi! 1.200) ec cele
Fishing boats, sail and row...|1,210 | 188,515 74 | 5,550 73 | 5,925 90 | 2,670 50 | 2,100
Scows and house boats.....-. 82 385i860))|4 Soceal cs.aeias ca|iacteele|ataccene T | (1; 020 jcc See
Pile GTIVEIS® - a2 st24aearce Seen 2 1; 800). cS cliger.c tacclaacced |Seciccot allie nel noel pomate oleae | eee

Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Hauliseines.....<.cec<-sce= 28 LOGOO to s)2ccec omelice esac eeice cer Li 130) 2 cae see
Gill nets; drifts... oss. 2,131 | 466,175 63 | 8,230 | 112] 10,400 51 | 6,195 30} 2,125
Gill nets, set............- 115 2,550 | 151 ,0380 | 153] 4,490] 108] 1,502] 116] 4,420
Diver nets.............-.- 3 800 IW ccc2se| Sones weal cecesa| ecm ceea tee ceac|eceeeee POeeee Eee
Pound nets.........--.-- TTB 23095000! leo soSal cere | crores | sees hektellasececl| escuela oes
Shore and accessory property.|...--- UTA SLO scr x 695883" a2 cce 41, 848) ||. .--.-2 W700 coer 21, 589
Cashcapitalli= sci cccencceseel cine 265, 000 |--++-- | 28,000 |...-.. 12,500 |.....- TS S00) eaceer 12,000
ba) 1) Lee nee a | 1,959,045 |......|127, 843 |...... T1208) [ns aco cis AT S261 Il fecemie 44,634

Coos. Curry. Josephine. Total
Items.
ues Value. Pe Value peg Value Num: Value
Transporting vessels:

Power vessels...........- 4] $24,500 Da) S10; 000" ee arene |seceerce sore 30 | $119,900
Monviaee: 222.652 a.bee OF uc sesmece 26 aoe emicts [mewirnines (senisecicieme 288; | Soa. Soe
Otitis. a= acces: 25, 350
Power boats........- a 28, 900
Fishing boats, power 25 139, 600
Fishing boats, sail and row... 164 22 3,300 56 $1,920 | 1,890 224, 545
Scows and house boats... .. na My S25 S20 acta -cpancse | creverstateveyeare | ate lemrcraters||(everaroreae sien 114 45, 050
PITS. TUVOTSH 6 a2.co Nts bt State Nes teS oceratel Ste ease oe Metaeee [ne cemieee ae leeeiercon | see eaeee 2 1,800

Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Haul seines.............. 8 2,350 1 300 4 600 a 48 16, 280
Gill nets; drift.<-... 2.25... 279 23,176 6 800 66 2,200 | 62,818 523, 331
Gill nets, set............. 166 4,720 102 2,305 14 84 | ¢1,122 27,614
WDIVEL NOUS =k. case cs dice bic. c| slaretavevereral| S/Sle wisre'dajets lle mpaverstorere | srwkiernsione se cclemistemal tee slneeicise d 418 22,375
Pound ne6ts:..2.ccncsscacmnl sos See] ee eee ees |Gememe ae beer |ecmamecseoaceemece 21 25,750
Wheels; Stationary. ..ja. 62 | =e sn) o nie dno noe omscamac|ccec mo sects mae some eoemsaceee 26 313, 000
Wihleels:SCOW eaters oe Siciesinia |'ecaie «.3'2| sce ere.sisteietel (cmmenie cel seals cei all mem iene | es amerieaers 9 22,000
Shore and accessory property.|.....--- 67;.400" |. 222 100,400 |......-. T5450" [5 Sc Geee 1,554,780
Cashicapitaliesaccs) 2 -at ences lense 42000 3) <1 ertac'e 15 OOO oscama'c| come ancamlsseceaes 551, 500
Totaltwco. Maaco neces lace ae 190,891 |........ 1357455 ecccee2 12254 5 eae 3,641,775

a Aggregate length of 22,855 yards.
b Aggregate tength of 1,187,832 yards.

c Aggregate length of 59,625 yards.
4d Aggregate length of 46,600 yards.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Products.—The total catch amounted to

29

I

95

191,291 pounds, valued

at $968,983, of which Clatsop County contributed more than one-half.

Gill nets catch more than two-thirds of the total.

constitute more than one-half of the total catch.

Chinook salmon

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY SPECIES AND APPARATUS, IN
1909.

Wasco. Hood River. Multnomah. Clackamas.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds. | Value. |Pounds.) Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
SEINES.
FES IT eG hans Bie s cie Sas Scteve varies | se ravote aereisre Vo cise. aicie's | Siam mineral miele aise 6, 000 C1 Dal eA Ec
(Clava Yoyo) v2) 1 eee bleed (Senn Sra ocer irc 41,000 DES 10h ee Sa tioeeeis pers ects
UNV Gle sites oc ahsaciewie ciciewre? De MN Baa smatoscl omnccee= | saces sce cl Shenices cliee ake eters an ck aaa
Steelhead trout .............- 105, 280 APO ene soar cei 4,000 COO o< oh aeseeclaree sae ae
SRO UA erase. ctea.ctastecrerss 311, 280 85240) Vcccececcl se coe on. 51,000 yt lessee cccceled seme
f ——_—_——— = ny ———
GILL NETS.
PEG AG Kea Seite, .2e cewisebew ac | cae see saree sorecaterelats| ae eeeire tees ore 1,000 DIS kesie eS op | care
WHiMOOK ATES seis sca ciewnwneu 1,800 144 9, 700 $679 18, 000 770 208, 000 $8, 320
RLV Ebrahim tlie: crave stare arate esas 2,600 78 | 14,700 521 17, 100 513 7,000 210
Steelhead trout .............- 800 48 5,500 306 20, 900 975 24,000 720
MO Gal reysgeers: assists sistaieeaa 5,200 270 | 29,900 1,506 57, 000 2,308 239, 000 9,250
DIVER NETS.
(Clavbale(e) oS SP Rae ee CRY (Eee ee a (Rarer (Pode (ane ew TIE Toe |) 4. 22d d\ ae esneee eae ee
MiCCINE HCHO is one peern dacs 2| On cen eae stone eee | ne Shere |e bee Ge ce 1,800 90 leesaterec|2-- sere
Mf {oY its | pte mae eR | IE n Eee 0) [aT at eae (Se recete a [eer 133, 557 DOUG: laeisctes cne|eactesce
WHEELS
Blueback.................--- BSav555 | 21882 |i cchsce|s cerwaser 228,968 | 9,650 |..........|----.---
@hinook, fresh ..22/.222—0-6-<52 4975 S00) 285098) tio. .cses|eemeaeaye 226,010) |) Lo Ole asecteamar stom oe
SING) skh ele ore 243, 000 # BOO Veciccce c= licensee 27,622 (Pie Beers bracts
Steelhead trout .............- Dia, SOOT Wake eoe: | kcerreserlleeete ee 63, 432 D282) |e oseciaciet liners sc
TOtAl sess cm eeecaccseene Pe S485195. |COSe47 2 Nes 2 ot ae ene e ee 546,592 (626, 284 || ec eces |e eccee ate
TOTAL
EE DAC Kiet a ars.ccte seis cnstee Dad ODD™ | PleoSe: liso =e sel oeeertes- 235: 968) | TOx000) (oe sec ase <[be eee
Chinook, fresh............---- 499, 605 | 29,142 9, 700 679 417,327 | 26,476 208, 000 8, 320
UO lees eso ard arsine: sierarsrened 451, 600 9,058 | 14,700 521 44,722 1,252 7,000 210
Steelhead trout .............- 378,915 | 17,400 5>500 306 90, 132 3,547 24, 000 720
Grand total............ 1,864,675 | 76,982 | 29,900 1,506 788,149 | 41,275 239, 000 9, 250

101379°—11——7

96

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY SPECIES AND APPARATUS, IN

1909—Continued.
Columbia. Clatsop. Tillamook, Lincoln.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. Pounds.| Value.
SEINES.
Bltebackiis.cc0n-4ccwet ce as ds|eu ee seesaliaces eee A8; 781) | S2y49: |. o 2-15 5.0/5 oc.0's Sisferell > meee mallee eee
Chinook; fresh o-.<2=-c-e-cces 64,115 | $3,506 TAS, 646).| 44.828) | ocr acea| joensen = eee eee
OP ce eo cae eee ee | eee eee eee ome 24, 000 150) |< oc236253) a2c0c84 ee eesee ele eee
Silvier*i22 42522 ee ees 5,419 108 525608) T0590 eco.) 42 Sc) ecbedes Ce oeee el eee
Steelhead 251222222 ae e 83,073 | 4,154 427; 064: |):21,. 353) |n2=. 2 22-clle a cecee ese ee
TNotali-3 -3asucu sense sees 152, 607 7,768 1,297,094. | 69) 085.) <2 <2 cele ened | = eee | eee
GILL NETS. -
@hinook fresh s-2.4-senuee sla ses tesese ees 9, 826, 779 1543, 849 417,827 {$11,916 |255, 268 | $12,073
WOR Bo de eetes Sets alee wemiceee| eeicinletes 94, 248 599 323, 480 1, 617 "|: 725.360 453
DILLVERS &o shee ee cee Stee arse mer | see eae ealiee bowie 254, 869 5,097 421,587 | 12,244 580,182 16, 755
Steelhead 22222 csccdsehedset 129, 200 6, 460 134, 071 6, 662 5,000 100 | 6,200 248
NOVA someone kitacicicsla nets 129,200 | 6,460 | 10,309,967 |556,207 |1, 167,894 | 25,877 |914,010 | 29,529
DIVER NETS.
(CHINOOK saccee asc. Seeaee es 476,500 | 28,710 12, 000 920 Wisowanc Ses) seeeb Seal ceeceeet teehee
POUND NETS.
IBIUCDaCK sass sce esos cael Sosecaseee|osccmees 25,020 |) 1126)\:.222:-2<-|622-<563|e2 ee eee
Chinook, fresh 13. 450 59 43:610.| 2,547 | 22522 -2cic2| cnt acer | ence | see
DO Pea erent ey eae 145, 100 748 4,160 26) |e cckdccces | sgackselee eee sl See
Hihi(s ya aera 544,000 | 11,280 18, 220 O04 | nnccwas secloe cee aceleenmne == spe
Steelhead. 2.2 eee eect nce 13.600 680 32.610 1,681.) 0.5.2.5 osc)o ohcetlseeeee—s |
Metal csesBuateseen cores 716,150 | 12,767 123, 620 5.694 emer e pereaee Poa AR oc
TOTAL
IBIMEDACK 2. Kecrnutaeecss oeemaadoneas ol sarees 735800 WB yB21 |e ost eal: ciectete allan = oe eee eee
@hinook;, fresh. 22.22.59. s.os<</0 554,065 | 32,275 | 10,627,035 |591, 444 417,827 | 11,916 |255, 268 12,073
DOO Se eiie = craearseacn as Seeee 145, 100 748 122, 408 77 323, 480 1,617 | 72,360 453
SUV ECT st~ = Zeca eed ase ee ee 549,419 | 11,388 325, 692 6.520 421,587 | 12,244 |580, 182 16,755
Steelhead trout.... ..........| 225,873 | 11,294 593,745 | 29,646 5,000 100 | 6,200 248
Grand totals -2-2-22... 1,474,457 | 55,705 | 11,742,681 |631,706 |1, 167,894 | 25,877 |914,010 | 29,529
Lane. Douglas. Coos.
Apparatus and species. T : -
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
SEINES.
Chinookeiresht. 2 ce. 5 sca. secs aen2 ec 5, 000 £5 1225 ie ae eee Oe (nc a 16, 200 $466
SLIVET Skee sce cee Fae ene nae ee ae 8, 000 ZOO! cc x Stare ereetiel Sas ave sererete 176, 452 4,411
Steelhead ss. chu cianin acheter SIS Raheem One mee ees leks se cee nee 28 oe, See 3,900 78
Motal esas ee bee eee ee 13, 000 15 1790 |e ee ee ee |e ee ea 196, 552 4,955
GILL NETS.
Chinook aneshic-.cesse ee oeaeee seers 82,304 2,057 62, 912 $1,573 127,581 3,497
Ghinooks salted =. o.-- 5-2-2 .en-e= coos 12,000 480 ceccdee wenGelolcocca geal ede. aoe eee Ae
AND 0) Giese cS area tee ao er Renee he | es 36, 000 DO \isinre'e aiaje sn aero] eae eee
DIIVED Ss. cen cee er emecs sce ajeseuwenee ce 979, 348 24, 256 351, 072 8,728 1,210,048 30, 251
Steelhead sce eve tetas chk fee ses Hi eeeee eee as | eaten me 13, 000 260 55,000 1,100
Totalissessaseene ee eeeee nee 1.064, 652 26, 793 462,984 10, 786 1,392, 629 34, 848
TOTAL :
Chinook, fresh...................---- 87,304 2,182 62,912 1,573 143, 781 3, 963
Chinooks saltede cas. =< caneeewceeeiee 12, 000 ASO) oo. 2 oes cereal ee peice were | eee
[aaa eet en Seine ae Pe eer er ties [hee ie? 20 36, 000 O05) s: 2252.25. angen
SIN GR eek Aa eet oan ere es aoe 978, 348 24, 456 351, 072 8, 728 1,386, 500 34, 662
Steelhead trout sccseieec ats cove seen | eee aee etc alee ee 13,000 260 58, 900 1,178
Grand totalss22-<62s55-s5see2 1,077, 652 27,118 462, 984 10, 786 1,589,181 39. 803
!

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

ed

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY SPECIES AND APPARATUS, IN

1909—Continued.
Curry. Josephine. Total.
Apparatus and species. a
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
SEINES.
TEES TET: Ect Gs steep car css ae | ee ere pe ra rates eer iaraedl| oa aca oth rps S| o See sean 54, 781 $2, 495
@himook; {resh...--5222--555.ae5s- cn. 20,652 $292 5, 248 £330 901, 86] 51,917
a ae eo nada cea sh hcccan |e senebiwen ss] = deen gens 24,000 150
SST UNS Reee eae reat ead eae eae ie eci-ic [aisle Somes SSS c [sere a ofeswiesve,e ae Ee ee ee ee 448, 474 9, 898
SG ife(e] La [at 10 tenon ee aes na rape pare PURE aie esl | NCR We Ayer | RRR, frees Sey Sean 2 een ee 623,317 29,905
SOU eee SA coe See i 25, 652 292 5, 248 330 2,052, 433 94,365
GILL NETS.
PEG ge ee 52 lala Pr nd See seta Soe eiayecie 2 siepaie eommn Sal Ss" s Serete ests | Sectaioieens 1,000 50
CHINOOK MITES é2.2 oo escbhene beste se as 462, 000 4,620 165, 080 10,691 | 11,637,261 600, 189
(Chad FaVevo) eI TU Eys Le eee ee te eee eae ie SMA rr |e ee een rarer ee [rere 12, 090 480
Tae Seam cee Se ene eg tae | ET ee en eee ene eee 526, OSS 2,894
STAN) nee ey a ee 72,000 1,200 1,698 210 3,903, 204 100, 063
ICP Ieee eee aati ae cia 107, 100 2.018 1,920 85 502, 691 18, 982
MOtalaecsecna se wos ceken seen spas bid 641, 100 7,838 168, 708 10,986 | 16.582, 244 722,658
DIVER NETS. ]
(Chat va(ova) 25025) Ge Aen AS eee | pe See [amg | | fae sees 620, 257 38, 653
SDC LT ek Cheeta rete te eae rere Sottero | Serena. meen Re aie 1,800 90
DUG Tg 0 Uncanny eae nel woe gies do. seen ucyed Seanens [ee a ict Piece ok | pee eee 622,057 38, 743
POUND NETS.
Bluebacksc....-5.i-.6% Stee see eta ea ee eee eee | ies eee cS a ate vor- 25,020 1,126
MULT) Kee ee ee tree ee ee SS hs | SS eS eter hes | aan ie Are | re cee ls ene cee ae 57,060 2,606
SNAG ma Re Se eg a a ge cc Me IL a a he fall Sivan oe 149, 260 774
SHUN GYE 2 ois et SS = = cree ge EE RIS eee eee) | pe mn pr [a ae ee | reer ee 562, 220 11,644
(SiEE) La (ete ata” AP eRe Decale Ste PONE] Ie PADRE EON | LOE STORRS A | ey ee) eee 46,210 2,311
No tet 2 5a een erie Set ee 1a ed | ee A | een eee Ree. eee 839, 770 18, 461
WHEELS. |
TBA RHYST Of: Vel ccs 9k ES Rene gee gs] Der es ne Phage Se oe ae 31, 032
PREM pees te mocha ne so oso | Keema ees at ace as ahs. | Reem ea ateeaine | mseSiota dicate ace 42,611
LV RETR: 2 gaa Se Ae per ine oe ON UP ieee meee ees (RPE PC POR pn da ee 270, 622 5,599
Sree ee oe ee ee Se ae ee Pel a, eee | osace ee a 336, 267 15,514
NOY 1) G22 ok BORD Seine ae PED | Cea = Ree, UN HONORED TERN] DOREY, aE reer (OG ete eae! 2,094, 787 94, 756
TOTAL.
ISG el cs 2a ees eee ae eee ae See: | Ee oe eee en ee oes eee 844, 324 34, 703
Chinook, TTS eee es ee eer 487, 652 4,912 170, 338 11,021 | 13,940, 814 735,976
Chinook, salted... .... ee ed et ese ecw do tee | ee les ee [oes ote 12,000 480
Dog Eee ene eS tata cere | ae Smlamreratans | mere ice cers toe eel iees | Seon cecal 699, 348 3,818
SUNT ae ee ener 72,000 1,200 1,698 210 5,184, 520 127, 204
pieelhead trouts-2.<.4. --se2secec00< 107,100 2,018 1,920 85 1,510, 285 66, 802
Grong total saeco. Ses, oa. ae 666, 752) 8,130 173,956 11,316 | 22,191,291 968, 983
|
STATISTICS BY WATERS.

Persons employed.—The Columbia River furnishes about four-fifths

of the total number of persons employed.

second and the Siuslaw River third in this respect.

The Coquille River is

98 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Persons EMPLOYED IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY WATERS AND
NATIONALITIES, IN 1909.

Colum- f Tilla e Yaquina| Alsea
Occupation and nationality. bia oe mook NESuEee me uey Bay and | Bay and
River. a) Bay. io ; River. River.
|
Fishermen: Whites...........-.- 3, 240 48 46 60 16 63 65
Shoresmen:
WPT GES = See eee 329 5 Ole boseoee. 2 2 5
CHINES: ~:~ cde ecceadsitere 253 23 4 al ee eee D 14
Japanese). 422. see sesso s.< 195 6 Salem eeces Lecce see 5 9
Matalin tem csccdeeteses 777 34 | Ey aaa 2 12 28
Transporters: Whites........... Fa ee 4 | stew diced] Seance. 2eSsl| touseseece | eee
Total:
Wilites <esc2ese-cc cee ees! 3,616 53 56 60 18 65 70
WhINESO. Jo s.c2 vitae doelesiemt ace 253 23 Qilne serene ll acece wien 5 14
J@PANOSl: sacc.cas-cecosase = 195 6 il eee et lene aeeeee 5 9
Grand! totalic. 32 22%:-2n 4, 064 82 86 60 18 75 93
Occupation and nationality. ey pei | Coos Bay. eas ed Total.
Fishermen: Whites...........-.- 121 100 114 162 144 4,179
Shoresmen:
Wihhitese. Sere sc socc cele 7 5 14 12 17 404
Chinese. ooa2..c ceases soccer 30 19 14 22 4 411
JBAPANESCe. esas ecco nscscceaes 14 10 4 10) 2 ccceiececee 256
To taliccatGetiieccssctseeeses 51 34 32 44 21 1,071
Transporters: Whites........... 2 2 LOM Ace esaned » 5 70
Total:
WilhieSs he Sask sa Sees 130 107 138 174 166 4,653
GHINGSG be ow oneoesciteesese 30 19 14 22 4 411
JE PANESCE Ae coke caine saiSeee eee 14 10 4 10s). sste2 cece 256
Grand total sen eens 174 136 156 206 170 5,320

Investment, apparatus, ete—More than two-thirds
ment is found on the Columbia River, and this is the only river on
which diver nets, pound or trap nets, and wheels are employed.

of the invest-

Belew.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

))

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY WATERS, IN 1909.

: a TAS
Columbia River. woe eee ae Siletz River.
Items. - SSRNDE SN Sheree
Di Value. Me Value. ae Value. ae Value. — Value.
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels...... QI. STAs WOO Mer wimcino| soe.a css EN eae (3 TOD es ee fees eee | eee || ee ee
Tonnage......- ANY | iacecese cals Sere cecl| Serie acer EGA Serer teal ere etvaacral| o cisreiomaers fee mire | Weer
Ohba acncs |seeewes NGS SOO eter eters 5,2 '2elllave recess 1 EW 2) hal pe oa ae eee] ee | |e ea
Power boats........ 11 PA SOO) Venta \lsercjeniae T2000) Aa eee |oatee oe 1 $200
Fishing boats, power...| 250 | 124,100 |.......|........ 3 GOO jae oc aceltccescenlacatecu)ncsede-
Fishing boats, sail and
FOWEE. ess ono acee se 1,361 | 194,955 24 | $1,800 20 | 1,500 30 | $2, 250 9 1,425
Scows and house boats. 91 2 AKT AICO fy) FS Ae epee | Serene any een [eben nes] erie ge Seo Sept ew | | Senne
ile drivers... = 22:2: 2 i Uae21 0,0) eras ele as] (est rae p RRE R||ee P S [ PO OEPeal|| eale eae
Apparatus, shore fish-
eries:
Haul seines........ 34 Te OUD | aratsteeyete leistsrcpase'e > lis steraers s|'See ee sie | ei neraee| Sole ieee. sarge eo ale neece se
Gill nets, drift......} 2,211 470, 205 LZ 1,980 26 3, 250 20 3, 000 3 300
Gillnets, set... .<- 312 5, 563 70 2,100 31 930, 50 1, 500 8 240
Diver nets......... 118 Duel dis ciocyarna|sniasecrnalliSoecrssiaite ee Sad Senora ne kx oscieee | anceeexllem Romeo
Pound,or trap, nets. 21 POW (OU cre artele ste easels cies oes ae spears soc octa |e 2 c/a ateelleniaeteioere
Wheels, stationary . AN Psd ed (OHO | he eremniasei Sr torerc erate Sala rarale os cranes alata ears aiayc'al| "sa 'aiaaiaia-a|| arc ete coc ate Memeo
Wheels, scow....... 9 DN | ei rer cyaysen | tala aner = aie|lfem renee | gcrd:s igre bie lexeimtn s Ss | eres Sperclel | Biss Sete eciceeae
Shore and _ accessory
MEODELE Vee soe sec c|teaces: M229 10s See Ba, 078) eases 16; G05 ule eee: D0 Geaeeek 17,174
Cashicapitali. 22 <i. tsic|oec ee as 428500! [22020 10; 000 |.c0. <<. TSOOO et ss te |e eiaeen foe alae 1,000
MOCHA ee os. focc8.028 | ce hs |03 008) 168 | Zocnc2 68,958 |......- S1GI80: |e oereia== 6,950 |......- 20,339
goes aed ae and Siuslaw River. | Umpqua River.
Items.
hag Value. pee Value. Di Value ps Value.
Transporting vessels:
POWER VESSOISsas 2. fase ees stmcnee| teed sae net leacceees 1 $3, 000 1 $2, 000
PRONE E Cie. .2c ogee mn (oc osm eee| son teeenastoeseancs (ih (Pee eee a ear
UE Cpt ae ea ote feline oie stated | rrecne steele ose ee ee a QOD Wccersteae 400
BO WOTDOUSUS ase eeecenmaalemcccsadienceccosss| -L " SAOON ES me See rd cise! oStaraecreraelfe es sae ee
Fishing boats, power.......-.- 3 $1, 500 6 W200! |2 Sac see lins Sones
Fishing boats, sail and row... 30 2,600 90 2,670 50 2,100
Scows and house boats.......|........|......----|.-..---- 7 TOZON | ereresect oaee se ee
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
PU HOMSCINCS strc cciacecidaee| ts eantewslee cae siecicfeitocd cellecen tec eae 1 1 0)8 epee Perea Sea
Gill nets, drift...........-. 60 5, 200 49 4, 900 51 6,195 30 2,125
UMC LS | SOtares seca eat 80 2,300 65 1,950 108 1,502 116 4, 420
Shore and accessory property.!.......- 7000s |S see cee LQ T4s ook sees LT 1008 ees 21, 589
CAaSiiCapItaliess acct onicena.-s|-soeese- TPOOO cme = 10; DOOM S25 s:a:2 AS30108 Ie ese 12, 000
MOU ate sb xi eccmgecnec||/atncn erie = 185100" |. ose OS Skala e eee AT 20) seas aos 44,634
Coos Bay. Coquille River. Rogue River. Total
Items.
ot Value. ee Value. acre Value. ae Value.
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels. ..........- A) B2A DOO! oe res cee | sere a aera a2 1 | $10,000 30 | $119,900
Tonmage............. O44 pememan ce altace cies |e aceiss ces 710 ere en ee 288) 2 eet
(01. I respi eae ieee |e Re ALOU) [Eman laos cemes oe seca ee 15350) |e cccwec = 25, 350
HOWL OR US ae aera] tare | aes ak oe ilies orien 2 feist ces 1 2,000 15 28,900
Fishing boats, power.......-. 22 11,600 3 S600 eee cee c| eesesee oe 287 139, 600
Fishing boats, sail and row... 26 a020 138 4,800 78 5,220 | 1,892 224, 545
Scows and house boats......- 5 890 1 WAS Oil etcearec ol ee ee 114 45,050
SPIER OURINGBIS Gretna nom a ciaiaisic||evveialsicler|ewie'saisiarw ciel ecieemiee [sco shes scaleneseccs fears. seca 2 1,800
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Hauliseines: <2. 2seasee- 2 550 6 1,800 5 900 48 16, 280
Gillnets driltcscc<s osace 165 14,176 114 9, 000 72 3,000 2,818 523, 331
GullmetS SC as ofesacaaesrs 46 1,120 120 3, 600 116 2,389 | 1,122 27,614
DIV EMMNGUS © shoe nnssenc|aeacecen|lpomaanouseilscmsancc|fckcananes| Sseeseeallleooasaas . 418 22,375
ROME COR Ge) MCLS nace Sebeites bee eece- sence etslee sl ces ceied. | eae (se oeeunoSe 21 25,750
AVR or ISG DALIOMAR Ye a fe Selec cate ose eeon | setemodee|sicujaaee tasoclets Salles 26 313, 000
IVPEICGIS SIS CO Wire aye oie nall Salewicioats lcci cicero erware atone eis trate wisn erctarcvarcierell choveveraws.ccceee 9 22,000
Shore and accessory property.|..-.-.-- 46. 000i encodes Zl 400) |) st0:s; carer 1075850") osccs< 1, 554, 780
Cashicapitalee .essc: seiscteacc| see's << U7Z000) | Sa ckews 255000) |. -225<<:2 Lov O00 i een nee 551, 500
ER OLA 2: = tenomesacincicncae|acweee = aS 70d Be ees 675680) |cececec LAT OG Nest exer 3,641,775

100 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,

Catch.—The Columbia River produces more than two-thirds of the
total catch, the Siuslaw River is second, and Coos Bay third. Blue-
backs are taken on the Columbia River alone. The gill net is the
only form of apparatus employed in most of the rivers.

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES, AND
WATERS, IN 1909.

Columbia River. | Nehalem River. | Tillamook Bay. | Nestuceca River.

Apparatus and species.
Pounds. | Value. Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.

| |
|
HAUL SEINES. !

Blueback, or sockeye. .....-.--- 54,781) $2)406: | oaks 2c lh onc lssc oes. ceed bee eas eee eee et | alee
Chinook, or king, fresh.......-.. S49 OU SOs 704s oc fe. Sle te ee es [Reete eke [os sats erty ell eee
Doe Oren 22-52-22 | 24, 000 150 iis eeroe Sal Sawn Acer oe eima.ne | es ee eae | ee
Silver;or coho... .. --...-<s2-0.2- 2O45022: I 25) 287, Neoseek | aoe Aello a epee seer ee
Steelhead trout. ..-22..ce..2-- OLOFAE 29) 82 fe eee ence rel ae ee | eee eee emer 2 | eer el eee
Dist o eyts orseee [1 yS1N O8i | 88,4684 coc ienesa lt nae decide earn eee \ecueeee le ee
GILL NETS. |
Blueback, or sockeye......---. | 1,000 50 2.86 Sell See 8 eect eal ee ee ee [eee eee
Chinook, or king, fresh.......-- |10, 064,279 |553,762 | 50,284 | $1,509 | 314,810 | $7,870 | 52,733 | $2,537
DOS Or CHUM = <i esate «= | 94, 248 599% | ae Sls os cee 259, 856 15299) eae eeeeleeeee
SilvenOrGoho. .o-5252cscsccese 296,269 | 6,419 | 206,826 | 5,171 | 146,592 | 3,665 | 68,169 3,408
Steelhead trowtio.-cccceeeaosas 314,471 | 15,171 | 68,624 318 5,000 LOO tetaese ee | ae
MOtalcce aecoree eases 10, 770, 267 |576,001 | 320,734 6,998 | 726,258 | 12,934 | 120,902 5, 945
DIVER NETS.
Chinook, or king, fresh..-...... Vay AU AS Ye hee: te 4, O10 3 aes partie Fen | ease RB ( Eat aren lL ieee jah aes
Steelhead trout: 2. -.----2 2. -. 1,800 00 tec nas] eects see mei jeer eee paee eens
| i
RO pele tees eee 62270574|\ SBa748? lee noose al acre Sse, ne ee) meee | creer oct | ae
POUND NETS. ea |
Blueback, or sockeye........-.. 29,020 ||“ 1126" eeeee sce =| sence ae | ces detitds ects sl acieiee ne wleemnemae
Chinook, or king, fresh. .--....- | 543060). (2,606) | pee reas set eee cle ose eed | saa oe eee | eee
DOP ON GHUMIS stem as scns-—S= | 149, 260 id Bolhencce, iste = sie etetiers le lon ee senegs | Retire nn cele See eee
Silver OrGONOs.< ¢-ase-oc4- 5 ss 4 (6629220) |i, Gaensler wll eee ee Me cy siatSic aro. alana ee
Steelhiead troute - 2:22. 2c2-.--- 46.210) |° 2.302222 |EeSiiseros ee | Aen lieceee et oe eneeee esos
Totaleas Meateemesemasek ae 2880) 0008) AS AGU eee sek Bales ates oe. |ecrele ese eral eters reo oe emcee ee
WHEELS. |
Blueback, or sockeve.......-.- 763; 523°| ‘SU,082 |52-22820.|fee cee eels ccatis oneleie.cc ile efector) ee ert
Chinook, or king, fresh........-. HZA STOW LZ nON Us aoe eee roe anes |cacees cel semeaeoe elec
Silver, or coho..........-...--- ZTOVOZ25 | wy DOOM |e See were etae = ee eerie |jcvS dee cncterad lcs oes eee
Steelhesdetroutic:.2.cses-cces6 Oa0; 201) | los ola ee. Seu. Shcial = setoadcdealllekn ae ape bere = Sees | eee eee
TotHlss - ostxaseestees seer 2 O94 787. || 94s 700 nso seemcllaees ani s oer eer Sere (ereeenrares (a rciner soa ci 3“ S.5
= = | =
TOTAL.
Blueback, or sockeye......-..- $44. 324: | 34,103! |neece tee ce ceaeeclasemesiene|eaoeease | ae
Chinook, or king, fresh.....-..-- 12,315,732 |688,336 | 50,284 | 1,509 | 314,810 | 7,870) 52,733 2,536
DOS; OMiGHUIM: 2225223 enceGnes 26%, 008) |) Lb 2H sec see cele arte 2595856. fh 15299 2 Ses ool eee
Silver, OF'CohO se as255082 265-802 1,393,133 | 28,949 | 206,826 5,171 | 146, 592 3,665 68, 169 3,408
Steelhead trout.........--...-- 1,318,165 | 62,913 | 63,624 318 5,000 LOD) | or are =m ieee
|
Grand ‘total. ...-<--5-..- 16, 188, 862 |816,424 | 320, 734 6,998 | 726,258 | 12,934 | 120, 902 5, 945
J

se ae

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 101

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES, AND
WATERS, IN 1909—Continued.

: we Yaquina Bay and Alsea Bay and
Siletz River. River. River.
Apparatus and species. =
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.}| Value.
GILL NETS.
@hinook; or king, fresh....--.....2...2:..- 53, 690 $2,148 33, 722 $1,532 | 167,856 $8, 393
MOPy OF CHUM... 2... =o emacincis ccc scnteead He eee e is Comasinsee 42,640 267 29,720 186
BUG OMNCOHO Meson once ance os been Cleese cee cp lemcta se -- 246,738 6,752 | 333,444 10,003
BOG INCH OL DEOL Pence ne See ste s<iate Bes) Semen sence 4/eya | aerdro ase Sod |omateredis aces Sc oe ak 6, 200 248
BIG bet) oer AS mae SSG Sees sre 53, 690 2,148 | 323,100 $501. | 55877220 18,830
TOTAL.
Chinook, or king, fresh .........2..-..+..-- 53, 690 2,148 33, 722 1,532 | 167,856 8,393
Dog, or LE EDEN ein baer mee rate 42, 640 267 29, 720 186
POm OM CONO en! Se tke ossc sts Ss Semel acdsee obec ctecneae 246,738 6,752 | 333,444 10,003
Steelhead GROW eters Se ieee, male Qo ne oo es ae Se fae noes noe ee Siete Al tele ciduece 6, 200 248
CE e206 0) 2 eee er ee 53, 690 2,148 | 323,100 8,551 | 537,220 18,830
Siuslaw River. Umpqua River. Coos Bay.
Apparatus and species. z .
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds.) Value.
| - - 7 | |
HAUL SEINES. |
|
Chinook, or king, fresh..............--.--- 5,000 Fee) eee ae a eee 12,100 $363
BilVver, OF CONO es. 6 Siesta esac see cen 8, 000 DOD ee xcs | ee at aed 39, 000 975
SUS OMIA CUE OVED arse ara tig ancayesesersra a ee lc ues = aa oiel | Perera aeeate s 2] Saale cere sk] cu Se ce ees 3,900 78
{102 a ee ee eee ree. | 13,000 | 17g ne oe ee | 55,000 1,416
GILL NETS.
@hinook,, or king, fresh ...........2......-... | 82,304 2-057 62,912 $1,573 | 100,181 2,812
Chinook, ‘or king; salted.............<.-.-2.2- | 12,000 ARO) | edict te cen allots 2 eek ee | Lee ee See ene tte
LD oye (ee {eh eh WaT Aen a a a ere | eee | irc 36, 000 Deb See tae oe <| aleeencaets
Silver, or coho....-....-...-- Gaye ee eee 970, 348 24,256 | 351,072 8,728 | 660,240 | 16, 506
RCCINCAG TOME 2286 cS encncwdascucces Se eee ae, Weer 13,000 260 49, 000 980
BlNeY Ges Cee eee a oe aero mal 4 064, 652 26,793 | 462,984 10,786 | 809,421 20,298
TOTAL.
@hinook, ‘or kine, fresh. .-........--.-ss..- 87, 304 2,182 62,912 1,573.) 112,281 3,175
Chinook, or king, salted.............-...-. 12,000 SON erase hoe | merit As el enn lars eles |S eas
RPE MO IO HUT a2) cteperata Sie rarctsleralemin aSiatioen lesen x ee elle es ar 36, 000 DON) |e sant Se in| Sune ost
(Sil Aye) 2K 0) oi ci 0) 000 ee er ee ec 978, 348 24,456 | 351,072 8,728 | 699,240 17,481
Pe BAC MOU Ute ae chet eee [ees Ban ace Serene 13,000 260 52, 900 1,058
AG MERTL CL COUN aan ra ey cicte.ace ais me SS 5. 1,077, 652 27,118 462, 984 10,786 864, 421 21,714

102 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Propucts OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF OREGON, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES, AND
Waters, IN 1909—Continued.

Coquille River. Rogue River. Total.

Apparatus and species. eb
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.}| Value. Pounds. | Value.

HAUL SEINES.

Blueback, OL SOCKEYE < « = ...<cc cen eanie tam - fo seinmcie sera elem ola = we | ois eisisin le aisis|| (fern siesta lai 54,781 | $2,495
Chinodols or king iresh: 22 2eee eee cen = 4,100 $103 30, 900 $622 901,861 | 51,917

DOP AOr CHUM «.22.-ccatee cece ote eens soe. neal Selaeies siete oleese siete stella leis = are tell reins eee 24,000 150
Silver: OF COHOt<: scc.cwe secon cosa ons- = 137, 452 3B ASGi Rae mem sate seem cseerate 448,474 9,898
Steelhead trout... .csccsesce ee sekccteccesen= eee Cee Be 623,317 | 29,905
LC SS a ee Se 141, 552 3, 539 30, 900 622 | 2,052,433 | 94,365
GILL NETS.
Blue backs ON SOCKEYG ao erc ce eames = mira oro = neers ee are a tees hs mete ere ee 1,000 50
Chinook, Orlane, fresh. =... 5-2-2 22 = 27,400 685 | 627,090 15,311 | 11,687,261 | 600,189
Chinook jorreine salted sts. cosas sce sie | errs acim. icici rarer | cle termes | ere terete 12,000 480
DOP HOP CHUM =. 2 2S ascwis0 soc cee issn eee sean es nees | seer mee: | Sele eee = eecereroe 526, 088 2,894
Bil Ver Or CONOms 1xc.<sccceciscas=eese=oscs ee 549, SOS 13,745 73,698 1,410 3,903,204 | 100,063
Steelhead trout...........-- Seesaw Menenaanie | 6, 000 120 | 109,020 2,103 502, 691 18, 982
ROTA Ee Oka cisiecmaeee ieee a oeae see | 583,208 14,550 | 809,808 18,824 | 16,582,244 | 722.658
DIVER NETS.
Chinook; or king fresh. .. 22 2sc.ccecs<c= ee |iz.sserdis/=,c-c-as| oiaiehereiaaree |= ate e see Ss eater rere 620,257 | 38,653
SteelheaGtroubs 26 ene aac eee ss seas jee meet |---- eee ee e[e ee eee nena |eee- eee eee 1,800 90
MOIR: 24. cesecckcscse ews cease. fete Eee scree |eaalecpeneteetele os spate ae eerepam yay 622,057 | 38,743
POUND NETS. |
| i
Blueback, Or SOCKCY OG... ..5-.220ns-cees 8s 2 Beers ere Meee ests piel eons am iba 25,020 1,126
Ghinook, or king, fresh... ...... ....:+2-2-- Woes Ss axe cop tee | eo ha Rarer etter oll eer 57,060 2,606
DOPM On COUN S3qccse 8 cee eee eee Wi cans au cM Oesl| mocianake wae eee eee neem eeeeee 149, 260 774
Dil VOR: OL. CONDO: ce ncicccese cece ecieee- oases |e 2 eer eee en Some ee |ccreeate storeratall ims eeeyermrareteie 562,220 | 11,644
Steelhead trouteees sees nee see eee eee me ee ee eee ee Ween eee Alsen 46,210 | 2,311
PRO GAs = Seas seu wias rae hae Sesto ee | eee eee ieee eacealnga acco 839,770 | 18,461
WHEELS.
Blueback, or sockeye.........---- LEtaia foveek | Meieereta sector | God ee reeietel eres eran es ee see 763,523 | 31,032
Obinook, or king, fresh). hoc cece cioe = coe || seems oOo a lerererereecvereee |e etn 724,375 | 42,611
Silene (Or! CON Oe tasare cca mvetaetec eins os ceisees sete ee | rer cae tare ener ee ree eer | eee 270, 622 5,599
Steclheadtroutc cscs tsectetocose ce ts ele ee eee ee eee leiae aioe 336,267 | 15,514
tal ea Sera’ vormahatuce? aotaeden eee eae [erent uiaes eet oe ecnaaae 2,094,787 | 94,756
TOTAL.
Bluebackonsockeye 2c a<s ce 22.2 kaso |e e eee een ere eens eee eee 844,324 | 34,703
Chinook, or king, fresh =.........2-....: ane 31, 500 788 657, 990 15, 933 | 13,940,814 | 735,976
Chinook working sal tedccstccseces acter eee lee nee esate | eee cies oeee emia ee seca 12,000 480
WOeVOrChuMer «Lo. ccscats Ses = eee eeee ee | seen ce eee eee eee | sc eprcselasal| Mins eaters 635, 724 3,500
Silver; OF COO w.<.2s scene ences ets ee ee 687, 260 17,181 73,698 1,410 | 5,184,520 } 127,204
Sieelheadstroutess.~=-2e5. ee eee See 6,000 120 | 109,020 2,103 | 1,573,909 | 67,120
Granditotaliszse.cses=seee ee 724, 760 | 18,089 | 840,708 19,446 | 22,191,291 | 968, 983

Products canned.—As in other branches of the industry the Co-
lumbia River leads, producing more than two-thirds of the pack of
canned salmon. But little was done on the Rogue River, owing to
the recent death of Mr. R. D. Hume, owner of the principal cannery.
Bluebacks and steelheads were packed on the Columbia River alone.
All of the humpbacks and part of the sockeyes packed on the
Columbia River were brought from Puget Sound, Wash.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

103

Pack OF CANNED SALMON IN OREGON, BY WATERS, IN 1909.

Columbia River.

Nehalem River.| Tillamook Pay.

Yaquina River

and Bay.
Products.
Cases. Value. | Cases. | Value. | Cases. | Value. | Cases. | Value.
Blueback, or sockeye:
4-pound flat................-- BB ZAO Th 2 bbe OO eee ee Se ars | a tarore See al em tceenal| oye oracle easier
D-DOUNG Mebbe occ ccveciesiaracee ss 6,645 BOSCO) | scmrccoraya's' lee igtaccinisa | ereeesisiete = |iatersiere erase lisictowicomie [Leesa
P-pounditalle cn. sc sseeccnceds b 50 674 00] [eons fel (te Se eae emer eer Pate riCe Pans | eres [Oh ors aie
UG Tae. ceca cacindocene 38, 766 hE ovo a | Pl eee eC [ne ae Ee Ce | VR Re | ae eee
Chinook, or king: Giana < : * z a
3-pound flat................. 67,386 | 283,021 228 $684 GGA BSA SO einen crs ara |eetareees
HEMOUNG TE cca -cc ess coke ncke Da UOU i GOR ROLE. asc mtd |- cece 22a ao eemoe = lcices ede nce al eee ae
1-pound tall...............-.. 17, 453 115, 191 T5645: \O;S58> te 2.128) | 1276838 oon bee eae
4-Nound Oval... -...22200020- 534 DOO eee cyea | Soa a coef aiae + eaicea noid) ais aoa leshateracsiale
1-pound oval...............-- 809 OU ee Le oe ilo eac las [aman eaaceed teee saad
2-pound nominal...........-. 458 1,800 lsencsnr |esciesses Seen Sennen beeen beeen
BING El iors orca ote o ersinle's wistorees 140,630 | 804, 162 1,871 | 10,542 ro. 05 2 ou Db aye) 058 10 em eee] are ee
Chum, or dog: 7 in p= mf ; 7
1-pound tall.................. 4,491 10, 329 909 2,091 3,712 | &, 538 33 76
Humphack, or pink: ; i 7
I=pound tale so esceneccicoce c55 SLR eset ps | rer en | SS anes rar late arsrae | oP orare he
Silverside, coho, or white: Aur ae a eo 7 ‘
PP UITICL A Usa ciecre Aas cease 3,304 9,252 | 2,546 45129 2,119 DO se |Saoe See Meade
T=DOUN GSMA Ge ss raiareaceemasee'ecis 8,220 BO OG) el etets | rs. = aeeane | ste voce | Se coed aciaee eee [homie nee
T-DOUTIG Als os. 5c50cctcccnis 5817 23,850 | 3,281 | 13,124 | 3,969 | 15,876 1,139 4, 556
AN oits (Aaa ee ee ee ean 17,341 69, 257 5,827 | 20,253 6,088 | 21,809 1,139 4, 556
Steelhead trout: _ ; CS ;
3-pound flat................-- 7,064 Dae onic Se catei leceloare da | saz eaters ncat oak te eaaaeee
Mnound Mateo 055. nce oc ces 1,365 a) a) [PR en ee Pentel foie een (Menai rere Mareen Re aera ce
P-MOUNG GA cs esc0c sc ecm esc: 4,320 AO UOO creates ese elie Aaa Sale tr aric ets | Sas ra ieee
1 Ma) i] Ie cI es eee 12,749 SA RO Wes ee a ees meal ge PS nl to are eee,
Grand total.............-.- ~ 214,032 {1,112,000 | 8,607 | 32,886 | 12,893 | 46,010 | 1,172] 4,632
Alsea River Siuslaw Umpqua
and Bay. River. River. Coos Bay.
Products.
Cases. Value. | Cases. | Value. | Cases. | Value. | Cases. | Value.
Chinook, or king:
4-pound flat................-- 928 kad bil EAR ns SS [ARIE RP 50 $150
ENP OAT (hl 24 Grr seererctete rere te eteraral| eajere. as aera aie wisi akclendse- al ays. Siete waiai | alslee aierecs | rate ciate | ieee ciee 211 1,013
J-pound tall.........-..---.--- 655 3.930 §32 | $3,792 500" So, 000: beeacteales eee
PPOUMOVOMA pesto eee cine Selena | cde Sater ce| a ctincanse |= aces f|lactotex ac) eSmace ae| Noes sce 39 312
ANG (Mees peed ae ee 1, 583 6,714 632 3, 792 500 | 3,000 300 1,475
Chum, or dog: ae 5 7
1 ofoiuupte ar n:d | eee 80 Ee ae ee a | ae eae) DO AR Agee MAR ued lune Gee
Silverside, coho, or white: i Say
3-pound flat...............--- 2, 601 pean | eA OU 7 el 248 (ee | eee 2,088 | 5,846
PEDO UTR a its met anaes | Sek ee eke Bl eis oe | eine |e 2 PAE eam 1,841 8, 100
1-pound tall.................. 4,186 16,744 5, 427 | 21.708 7,753 | 31,012 759 3,036
Ayofoyeu; (oats) vat ay: } eeeepergeyr er eeese | (pennies Me a ber y enema earls Items Semel [Rf 2S ota P| cece 315 945
A M0) 2) [Reeser eee Senne ee 6, 787 24,027 | 9,444 | 32,956 7,753 | 31,012 5, 003 17,927
Grand total. ............-.- 8,450! 30,925 5,303 | 19, 402

{

a Of these, 4,595 cases, valued at $18,696, were filled with sockeyes brought from Puget Sound, Wash.
b Packed with sockeye salmon irom Puget Sound, Wash.
¢ Packed with humpback salmon from Puget Sound, Wash.

aan.

104 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack or CANNED SALMON IN OREGON, BY WATERS, IN 1909—Continued.

Coquille River. Rogue River. Total.
Products.
Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
Blueback, or sockeye:
OE Go] phate Wp a: ee anne ree ae ceed Rees eeeee eae ery Moeeear coor 32,071 $133, 095
(Ejofo bso Whi Ce ERP Se ooae scar a oan aesecoe| enecederad mcoceseaal PeosaeTerc 6, 645 39, 870
ASpOUTIG GALLS < ose jo7e:s terest ee = eater te re i | ors aera aeons |e eal imei 50 320
otal) =./s-ed 4 see eee eee were) Uren levee [terete 38, 766 173, 285
Chinook, or king: Se
FOUN G TAU) <2 cece cpiaw msieise eee eal eo =e] eras a lela [Samyemretermdie |. emis elere ae 69, 557 289, 534
1=poOUunGiMay = s-aecccomtnsacos mene 204 $979 186 $1,300 54, 591 396, 809
I-pounditall <2 2. sscceeaccsssatce | 46 DIG eo eatntrere sc | are, torais oe 23, 057 148, 815
4-pound Oval . 22-065 .52s2-ccess0 Seeeceesan coercion Manca ier ae 534 2,670
1=POUNd GOyalisec. sceeme once case ae Poseeeces = paeooeeoee Dat rertsocs ee aeee as 848 8, 242
2-pound MOMMA ee cwc cc ccccscee BBseeeco a4 BESS esmoes eSaaee aces Assen aor 458 1, 833
Dotan see. ace eee eee 250 1, 255 186 1,300 149, 045 847, 903
Chum, or dog: aa
T-POUNICWTAll cc ceSccceeqce nce nee = | eerdectateceisl| b= ceminelene| weeme ase eo anccos 9, 225 21,218
Humpback, or pink: aa
nejof0) bai 6 Wye) eee eee nite eee | area dee) eaece Soar | teeters eys!| eo eeceracras 55 132
Silverside, coho, or white:
MeWOUNG MB ig Seas seca esaacereciec | 3, 656 NOE 23 Aiiistacstse 2 ees arate spetel 20, 331 66, 928
L-pound flat 2 sesce< 22 cet ececcens 1, 226 5, 394 468 2, 053 11,755 51, 702
MeO UIC Gal eee 3 ee ee en 6,764 | 27,056 231 924 39, 326 157, 886
2-pound MOMING]. «<<< saa seen| ean ae | aie reiaicaiascro-al|lslatarevalave-sieicll sleis eistecee eis 315 945
AMOR eA RA Rep oo oe noraoe 11, 646 42, 687 699 PELE TL 120 267, 461
Steelhead trout: |
P-POUNG! NAG oc. nacislo nce. ces a, c.00/2 «| ae tinerre Heel Sewies meces |[Mesaimereee| bac aoe 7,064 22, 084
(yele) bale hui fe Ween acres a oe ein Pes ear SNe seem brite dee Bam eee A) 1,365 7,695
Te Ut Wie Vee aes oe ea eer ss eien Recto mere Ber osnreise | Sssem ors aaenne nee 4, 320 25, 056
DOtali: ssacwtacses toss ec.senemc oss hoes sea- 5 | = aeseoeaes | kaemarecer| aeneeaeees 12,749 54, 835
(Gaypiotélaneyn:) Renee ae ereces eae 11, 896 43,942 885 4,277 @ 281, 567 1, 364, 834

a AJ] 1-pound cases contain 48 1-pound cans; the }-pound cases contain 48 3-pound cans. Reduced toa
common basis of 48 1-pound cans the pack is 216,788 cases.

Miscellaneous secondary products..—The Columbia River produces a
large part of the miscellaneous secondary products. Mild-cured
salmon form the greater part of the pack, followed by frozen, smoked,
and pickled salmon in the order named. .

Pack oF MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY PRopuCTS IN OREGON, BY WATERS, IN 1909.

Columbia River. Nehalem River. | Tillamook Bay. Siletz River. |
Products. a

Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. |} Pounds. | Value.

Frozen:
C@hin0ok: = aeeses2se5- 14,000 $15 400: | uc isstae Sure eoereciee a tsetse ocinee | she Se areas | oeerecie | eee
Silverside............ 216,175 138684) ec joe-ches cel] sto | Atos ai | peer e oe ll
Steelhead trout......- 1-404 662) |) T4767. |. 2s tec ctwlt cocccec|deccecuss=| eects eee eeeeeeel: ae
Motel sevasetoeone 1,644,837 | 157,035 |.......... eer eee el eaereeeen| ene eels i

Mild-cured: y | f |

Chinook. 2: 22.2 3,909,846 | 390,984 15,485 | $1,239 59,595 | $4,768 41,575 | $4,003

Smoked:
Chinook. s.2..2-.-2c<- 127,700 19, 155.0) 2c ascccccallaet oneeelee scl ee lt eas aeee eee S| eee
Silverside............ 20, 000 2; 0000 | aeoecd joc) Sens soe alh seen aA el eee Era reed eee eee
Total se esses 147,700 DUS 155. |. eaeu sss eal oesweck| (oa neee aces] Seen eae re eee
*Grand total........ 5, 702, 383 569,174 | 25,485 | 1,239 59,595 | 4,768 41,575 4,003

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. - 105

Pack or MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY PRODUCTS IN OREGON, BY WATERS, IN
1909—Continued.

Alsea i pa Siuslaw River. Umpqua River.
Products. ely area See —
|
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. Pounds. | Value.
Mild-cured: |
Chinodoks! 2. .25<) case: Peo eoaeie sae 32,386 $3,158 12,000 $960 4,002 $240
Pickled: | c
CIERLG(aY0) 2 eRe 2 eee NOP re er ey | (eae eee eer es ee 400 7 Lee ee eed epee! eee
‘Spl as) 06 (ee re err | ecnaresenoae eee 2, 600 10 | aa ee Deanne
| ie |
ING ENS ca ee pec Oe ae eee Scenes beeen 3,000 | 5d |S eaietne a) -acaeeeaos
Grand votes. 2 cect cf es Ssctea Sans. 32, 386 3,158 | 15,000 | 1,114 4,002 240
Coos Bay. Rogue River. Total.
Products. 1 a
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. Pounds. | Value.
| | =a] _
Frozen: |
CHINO Oat teas se osne eG seartaats | deine dod Yaoataw abe ra aeldaise See ee 14,000 | $1,400
RULING 2. SS Sok eo Seo ee [sisice Baerda dlls errr Seer loon gees 216,175 | 13,868
Steelhead trout... 2.2.22. secen-sa- oe ee 32,023 | $2,891 | 1,446,685 | 144,658
|
otal. S22 tee Sec STS RO AA eae eee tren | 32,023 2,891 1,676,860 | 159,926
Mild-cured: |
(C1ciibatafo) cy = aes Aasen See oe a emer 48, 000 #4, 800 242, 553 24,673 4,365,442 | 434,825
Pickled:
(O11 tba ol} fess Rens ete roe a eae |S cn | Pe eee (reared eee ee 400 24
SUihchicttc (ae Bsa EN eNOS tore a | Preece Seine | orange ae eae eee 2,600 130
ANN TSS ee a Se ee ee ere eee Lye eee peo ee pee 3,000 154
Smoked: i
EVE I16) (3 Kaper eee ae ae sie cen eeeea se ee oe A oe ae en Hevea erat amarars Seri 127,700 | 19,155
SHU Gi gst (6 (eee een ee ee ee ears eee Be ee ere eee 20, 000 2,000
iS eee hee SS) Sera i ee | 147,700 | 21,155
REE ATIOMLO tele mee Sex oe aaa ae ee | 48,000 4,800 | 274,576) 27,564 | 6,193,002 | 616,060
| |
CALIFORNIA.

In Eel River the runs of all species of salmon were very poor. For
the first few days of the season the catch was very heavy, after which
the run dwindled down to almost nothing. Nearly all of these were
shipped fresh to San Francisco, where the dealers claimed that most
of them arrived in bad condition,

In the Sacramento River the run was a very fair one, and all of
the product was marketed in either a fresh, mild-cured, or smoked
condition, none being canned. The interesting table following shows
the daily deliveries of chinook salmon to one of the mild-curing plants
on the river, and the total and average weights of same.

106 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

DatLy DELIVERIES OF CHINOOK SALMON TO A MiILD-CuURING PLANT ON THE SACRA-
MENTO RIVER, SEASON OF 1909.

Num- | Total | Aver- . Num- | Total | Aver-
Date. ber. | weight.| age. || Date. ber. |weight.| age.
|
SPRING, 1909. FALL, 1909.

PAT Ges feist se 2 =i 21 421 ZOO) ||) GAN Pe iss Seo noe eee eee 279 6, 658 23.8
Hi Pe Bose esate rececies 13 297 22.0 LB iareeta ee eeie see 325 8,021 24.6
HLS exe rsropets eeaatc se teeters ae 109 2,411 22.0 Qi 2 coisa cee easels | 147 4,018 27.13
7, | ee eee 305 7,512 24.6 D0 evarcies een cays Slew 185 4,954 26.7
DIN So sccm eme ees lil 2, 826 25.4 || PH aes Deena ers Peewee rete 39 1,011 25.9
De eae ae aoe eee 183 4,510 | 24.6 DOs Tene cee eeeees 1,731 | 42,829 24.7
Da cts tasacalnn=snee 331 7,708 23. 2 Des Maas noose eet ee 458 | 11,888 26.0
1 Sree Pe ree 163 3,919 24. 0 Oy eat Se OP TEA i 279 7,444 26.7
Di ciausenee ce me seas 284 5,918 23.8 DG os eciee eS 315 8, 250 26.0
Dees oe acne Heike GG ifs} 1,788 23. 8 Dok ome cs ne neeeoe es 145 3, 747 25.8
DS sech sare dseseimece cs 104 2,391 23.0 DR eee eee &6 2,309 28.0
Oe eaee ea este nee 116 2,716 23. 2) |) RO ee ceeeactne eae 1,300 !} 32,926 25.3
Cl ee 358 | 8,059 | 23.0 || BET es a eee regia ore | 812 | 21,018 25.8

Mayig tices anne te. 251| 5,739 | 22.8:|| Sept. 1... seete wees | 628 | 16,331] 26.0

beer an ee bat pe ae ee 171 | 4,016 23. 4 Dee Sas eee eee 356 9, 654 27.1
(pees eee ere 175 | 4,128 23.5 eet aE age Seer | 242 6, 582 27.1
Dinara auton cemsnis iste 107 | 2,490 22.6 | Aan eee Sets eee | 105 2,885 27.4
eae ee omer 66 | 1,680 25. 4 Gee ee 1,176 | 31,640 | 26.9
Yee 132 2,957 22. 4 |) eee ee ee 915 | 24,277 26.5
iis fa dome 2 96| 2,5 23.8 || Site ee cee 758 | 19,874 | 26.2
Op eerecagese Sess 308 (ie 23.3 ON es anteaters 704 | 18,851 26.7
Dees Pec omishe lia ts ans. eo.s 15281) 337 24. 4 See sees 677 | 18, 204 26.8
1 ae ee ane ae 89 2,0 23.1 || jh Re Arg etn at 369 9,592 26.0
i | Pe el ae te | 274 | 6,65 24.2 || | eee eee eee 1,917 | 49,781 25.9
cea Slee 254 6, 20 24. 4 || AY. Stee ae en A 1,343 | 35,555 26.4
1 (eo eeepc eel | 310 7,378 23.8 Tei eacees ewes sae 751 | 20,097 26.7
A Se cso en oes aa arora eee 323 7,844 24. 2 i 5 ee repeats Aap ee 647 | 17,328 26. 7
1 ke ae eee ee 210 5, 037 23.9 i by fee eG Oa nee ess 1,493 | 35, 883 24.0
Daye ie oe ae 226 5, 246 23.2:
Diva. = Pe ecwecteicates 154 3,778 24.5 Mo tileeeeseeeeeoee 18, 182 |471, 607 25.9
Deo geo et ese a 166 4, 150 20:0.
Se os ccathiasOaeietsiemtam & 315 7, 290 23; L Grand total. .....-- 26,201 |661, 699 25. 45
Dida Beech thas oi Sena tere 2 422 9,917 23.5
1 ET oe 342 7, 767 22.7
De ee Pte 12 Se 245 5, 900 24.0
ect ake a x ae alters" 268 6, 496 24. 2
ee See mere = Haren eee 197 4, 826 24.5
Oo) een re chalet a pep icears a 330 7,529 22.8
TUNG rs Anne sao 299 | 7,250 24.2
OTA epprtace Sacre 8,019 |190, 092 Aer |
i

The southernmost point on our coast where salmon are taken com-
mercially is in Monterey Bay, and it is here that trolling was first
engaged in to any extent. Yearly the chinooks come into Monterey
and Santa Cruz Bays, where they sometimes remain feeding for
months. When they strike in, which in numbers they usually do
the latter part of April, they are in the pursuit of squid, sardines,
anchovies, and other small fish, and their presence is first indicated
to the fishermen by the occasional disturbances of the surface by the
small fish. It is a signal for the fishermen and sportsmen, who go
out in both sail and row boats.

During 1909 most of the catch was made in the vicinity of Mon-
terey, the salmon appearing in but small numbers in Santa Cruz Bay.

While evidently coming in schools at first, salmon soon scatter
about in pursuit of their prey, thus making the use of nets unprofit-
able. In a dead calm troll fishing practically ceases, but with the
return of the breeze the fish resume biting.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 107

The silver salmon come into Monterey Bay in July and are usually
taken in that one month alone. Some of them run as large as 12 to
13 pounds each and all are feeding.

During 1909 the dealers had an agreement with their fishermen,
who are mostly Japanese, under which they kept back a certain per-
centage of the price until the end of the season. This was done in
order to make certain that the fishermen would not go off and sell to
some one else the better fish and bring them the poorer quality.

The following table shows the daily receipts of chinook salmon
at the mild-curing plant of one of the companies operating at Mon-
terey during 1909. The table also shows the number of boats fishing,
the number of fish caught, and the total weight of same, and the
average weight per fish:

Datty DELIVERIES OF CHINOOK SALMON AT A Minp-curiING PLANT ON MONTEREY
Bay, SEASON oF 1909.

Num- | Num- Aver- Num- | Num- m Aver-
Date. ber of | ber of Pe age Date. ber of | ber of nba age
boats. | fish. CUE weight. boats. | fish. Sees weight.
1909. . 1909.
AMD. SUlscc ccs 70 | 966 10, 002 18:3. |) June Zl... ..- 106 | 1,808 30, 090 16.6
May ‘Va... 69 319 4, 096 12.8 Ber eee 110 1,678 20,576 12..2
Distars oe Ses 12 20 369 18.4 1 eee eae 104 1,135 15, 964 14.0
CS 30 152 2,512 16.5 DAS oso Serre 111 1,811 26, 826 14.5
Nie ears, ar 41 126 1,758 14.0 2 ee 100 595 9,549 15.0
eee 35 93 1,084 11; 6 ax airs 108 615 9,645 15,0
12 era 2a 47 602 13.0 Piaaadeens 46 142 1,831 12.7
VO eSies rae 15 47 633, 13.0 9 2 ee el 44 212 2,719 12.8
1 Spear 28 56 770 13. 4 A grate fee 88 566 7,030 Loe
1 De 82 642 8, 210 12:5 3) eS ee 101 1.175 14, 499 1330
1S peers cet 83 613 6, 250 a0 F740 |S 6 ia Mee aa 11 1,416 18,363 1320
; (er 93 847 9, 993 11.8 en See 100 634 8,576 133.8
1 eae 103 615 7,835 12.7 Beene ee 108 | 1,313 16, 060 12,2
WO. ses 2-5 16 26 429 16.0 (oe os 113 1, 687 24, 508 15.0
Wie oiJee sc 107 | 1,152 14,612 12. 7 (oer ere 114} 1,568 20, 054 13.0
Noe i desare 87 318 4,607 La0 ee 116 1, 428 20, 401 14, 25
i eee 63 135 1,673 12.5 De ee 80 971 13, 350 14.0
Dee eee 31 46 667 15:0 Lee sees 114 973 13, 236 1335
23 ena eae 8&2 476 6, 043 12.7 Ios. 2 oe 88 581 8, 184 14.0
yee 107 1,652 23, 600 14.3 Le ee es 79 400 5,196 13.0
VA eens 114 3,390 50, 621 15. 0 Wale cccieeis's ‘ 62 407 4,847 12.0
265.20 118 1,190 17,590 12.0 fee 91 466 5, 469 i Oe
Di lars sieraimie 3 54 94 1,619 17.0 i er 98 513 6, 166 12.0
Dare tele le, ese 68 222 3, 458 15.5 LL 85 495 5,713 16
7 ee 93 650 9,874 15.5 Woe ener ee 85 506 5, 697 11725
3\0 eee! 118 | 2,852 38, 567 132.5 1 (¢ Eos bf5) 257 3, 187 12. 4
£3 ee ae 119 1,005 14, 625 14.0 ON) Chara 91 422 5, 565 Tok
ING Gls ot - 95 493 8, 273 17.0 A ena te 62 205 3, 252 15.75
Dota oes ais 115 1, 245 20, 256 17.0 Doe octateua a 68 356 5,178 15.0
Reateoce 109 1,000 14, 304 14.0 Doan en 79 460 6, 237 Tav0
Anes aoe 112 724 10, 437 14.0 Dida oh 95 1, 284 15,391 12.0
ie 96 1,615 22, 571 14.0 1 as 108 1,176 16, 437 14.0
Gee eer oe 114 988 12,901 13.0 Zi eee 104} 1,487 22,766 15.30
eee cbes 95 485 7,042 14.5 +, eS 105 961 18, 576 19.5
Seo a2: 80 307 4, 804 16.0 WO as. 88 267 5, 521 20.7
Dis clerce foc 68 200 3, 437 17201) OU se eee 59 114 2,548 22.0
a) See ee 66 243 4,786 22.0 | Det ese Ae 47 144 2,832 19.9
ieee a. 83 348 6, 187 19507) AU. “222.2 3. 79 287 4,908 17.0
1 eee 95 623 10, 218 16.0 Die ebjers 43 78 1,574 20.0
ib Poe eee 106 499 7,965 16. 0 : eee 21 71 1,366 19.0
1 ere 89 390 6,655 18. 0 Te eee te 43 170 3,546 20.9
LS crcisreeere 112 1,729 27, 524 16.0 (a 70 274 4,845 18.0
1s eee 115 |} 3,092 48, 138 15. 4 ete Seats 52 114 2,156 19.0
i 105 |} 1,395 24, 436 L726 9-12..... 12 20 502 | , 25.0
AEs: ieee ae Te | Bi ie5 61,789 16.7 ———- — SO
ee 112 | 2,083 35, 265 17.0 Ho) Pa eee 71,619 |1, 043, 358 14.6
OL ase, 111 1, 442 23,500 16. 2 |

|
|

108

STATISTICS BY

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

COUNTIES.

Persons employed.—The total number of persons employed was
2,675, Contra Costa County leading with 774 persons.

Persons ENGAGED IN THE CALIFORNIA SALMON FISHERIES, BY COUNTIES, IN 1909.

Fishermen. Shoresmen.@
Trans-
Counties. porters Grand
a Japa- | Chi- ae See (af) of: an es whites).
Whites. eee ieee Total. |Whites.| Indians. meee Total.

Del Norte........-- cy: Paes Renan) [eearee cea 84 17 i | eer a 32 3 119
Humboldt......... ot) [ea eae) | nee cg ae 339 AO eee eee | oaks See TDs | Ss eee ee 358
MAIN GO Bis sees aeciss |n.e ae =n So seers lnasee soe] Seeeeeae ZO! |e eee eee AYR ares eed 25
Maniie 2 ease eee Bil rcpemeties |e seer 8. |. qoceeee easstees|s hereon bese acest ae 8
San Francisco... -.. COUR seen ealeew eee 60 GOL secon Senne 60 8 128
Solanos. 6252222. 5-- ADU Nl beoreaaeaee esas 420 1 ee eet a see 50 24 494
Contra Costa.....-.. G54: | aces meal Aeeeoeee 654 Vic tal \eearereetel (eres pee 78 42 774
San Joaquin......- 64 245. Ses 2 SSileeasGaecl eee - esses cele eee cee | eee 88
Go| Loa SU ae AD ee Race aa ace eo me AD all Wa Galle See eee eee | eee | oe 42
Sacramento........ 17/530) Ome See kaart ae UTS Vecctesceral| aeetense |aaceencc|eseee sole eee 178
Siler eekeeeecse ss TOU reece yee ease D2 See BS | Nee nil Se ea ere ap (een 12
Ubee eee eee 45h Sit emeassonee eae cf (ene ee ae eae mae reeeners| eee 5 50
GeO oe oe ae cece QO | srepraiee | moss ae: 20 Ji) Sener lh ere ree ES ee 21
WMehamas...s.eone2- AD) lS Seectate Se eee eae ABs IK Beseeen| oseeese 5 Dae Se ee 50
Shasta f. o2cncecec'- TOW aces -ee | aeeae ere LO eee eater erie 2 ae ee ee 10
Monterey........-. 65 144 15 224 259 | wees |) eee 71 31h Deeoenieav ee 250
Santa Cruz......... GS ales eee eeees |More 68 eee eee Cee Pere erence 68

Totals ses esac! 2,114 168 15 2,297 | 276 15 5 296, 82 2, 675

a All the shoresmen reported for Alameda County and part of those reported for San Francisco County
are employed by one of the Alaskan canning companies and have been reported here, as they are employed

here the whole year.

Investment, apparatus, etc-—The total investment amounts to
$1,232,960. The shore property reported for Alameda County belongs
to one of the companies operating in Alaska.

the total investmen

t.

the principal forms of apparatus in use.

Contra Costa leads in

Gul nets, haul seines, and trolling lines are

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON I[ISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY COUNTIES, IN 1909.

|
| Del Norte. | Humboldt. Alameda. Marin FP San
rancisco.
Items.
Num- Num- Num- Num-| ,,, Num-
hese Value. new Value. na Value. Hee Value. Bor Value.
| |
Transporting vessels: |
Power vesselsseas5---522= D685 DAB) Se Soa peer ate rer eee aes | eneiaca| ee oes 1 | $25,000
MON S262. ee eos Oi es aise Sate |S cimaiee| Sao | cee as eee ee Seek el tee 32) 5c caee ae
Outlitzsc<- 42-2 28s |Ee eee COO Noe hs] Nepee Salle Ss eral So. he Ae ca lame ee ae 1,240
Power Doatssscss.s23c2022% Secon) ee8 ota lemme aint leat ece sence a see cease eee 4 7,000
ishing: boats) Powers. Sec lie came] 2 ose ee oe elle saeco Sees |ee emcee |Meat deere eee 15 | 18,000
Fishing boats, sailand row....| 54] 2,640 | 253 | $6,625 |......]........ 4 $400 15 1,500
House boats and scows........|--.---|-------- 2 LOO! SS ce sees oneal pace-osl| same sees seece| Seeeeeee
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Hauliseines.-.2 22 222..22. 2 4 550 LF 254500 |e Soc cai hc crew iat [es arece||'clescte oe | Soe eee
Gill nets, drift............. 50. | 115.300'). 286 19,3875 ii 2. oe Se coe. 4} 1,050 30 7,875
Shore and accessory property..|...-.- L7020) |2 eo 5ce TROO | coer $159, 550). ..-.. DO) nae 155,320
Cashicapitalic.. ou.eecinceeoctessaee ee 10;000 |-....: A SOOM Soe 2A (ets ao eta cael Meee ns ee Nerina 43,500
NI aa
TG bata 2 A ie tary | aes 45,508 |...... 40,800 |...... 159, 550|...... 1500) |enwee 259, 435
|

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

109

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY COUNTIES, IN
? ’

1909—Continued.
Solano. Contra Costa. San Joaquin. Yolo. Sacramento.
Items. |
ee Value. ieeag Value. es Value. pipet Value. piety Value.
Transporting vessels:
Power vessels...........-- 1 | $4,000 DW ee ts 7975) 0,8 alt eeaeeernee TE ewe eR [Mi r= eee ae | a
Monnage so aene = ss. Ut eee Of facet lees lESte olin a| soca tllonscciien| wate |= sancti
OU aS socom ec ser|o cae ae 1,000: }o... 2 OBO Neer ten ose acme lanaabetote | meat e' el aaetll te tenets | ea ia oi
Power boats............-.- 14 | 19,500 23: | S65 800) |<< s| cians 3 poeee| Rete bees eee er
Fishing boats, power..-......-. 30 | 10, 400 32 | 21,000 28 | $8, 400 4 | $1,600 17 | $6,800
Fishing boats, sail and row....| 183 | 36,400 | 300 | 58,500 16 | 2,906 17 990 77 5,170
House boats and scows........ 10 | 4,000 tL), 4800" [2220 <8) eatiece 5 | 1,000 19 3,650
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
METS: OTLUG. o.-y.c.2a'e cnet 210 | 39,500 | 322 | 64,400 44, 6,600 21 | 2,550 113 14,320
eM OMICS Bc Soo e os cca| Senne slek come ne] oecce RO Ch aoe Renee ee Scenics | eee Ss ee call ere
Shore and accessory property..|.....- 29,900 |...... 1 bri a ees BRO! fe eae ce 1454 2 sre. 815
WASH CAPIPAl <<< 22. .ccccce cemcllewee an 50,000 }.....- S000 eee es a el ae Pe peeeee ReaE be ocak oe
SN0}F: | eee ee parce eee eee ieee 194,700 |...... 394,053 |...... 185480) i/c-. . G5285) See 30, 755
Sutter. Butte Glenn. Tehama.
Items.
Num- Num- Num = Num- :
haw Value. bas Value. | ber, | Value. ber, | Value.
|
Apparatus, shore fisheries: |
Fishing boats, sail and row...--.. 6 $375 20 $840 6 $300 20 $1, 000
House boats and scows..........- 3 Sale | aes | wan enero] 22-2 | omer sues leat ee | aaa ee
(ERAN SAIN CS# cre sewer ciec.c sis) es ail iacta sels cae wealsee 10 1,000 | 4 400 10 1,020
Gillinets ;driticc..3.cs2cdse0c2<- 6 OOO Se fecal aoe ate see eon | NeSccoes es | accent eee ae
Shore and accessory property.....-...|------ DON | aceinarerc DCO) \etercravete G00). -.252- 2,150
USC) Se ee ene Ome 0 3,915 |...... 1,300 |...... 4,170
Shasta. Monterey. Santa Cruz. Total.
Items.
Num- Num- ; Num- ; Num-|] ,,
hee Value ae Value ner Value. Wane Value.
Transporting vessels:
PP OW.GL, WESSElS ico a irtosc- ais 41c15 ores: siera| a siavalsg|| crsteielorercre-ays aes ce Sinteimesia als coace|ecccen nas 4 $37, 748
BOTT ie eee eee eet ae se soe 8 | Som aetsee oem ee tomes oe ae Neate cree OG: |e donee
ONG Hite oe eee ae asec sera -| Sagan aes | sdeaien |: ecaecinels Aer lee nocaaeclcsesae 3,920
Me LOW eM DORIS. oa. oo ei ce tic ania a ate duls e|ae sesame ce] osaeeo|psacsssee seco sec|eoscaetane 4] 63, 300
ishing HOAtS,, DOWED... <.-<<22-- ec ccce|sceces|s2c eens ee 24 | $13,850 21 | $11,000) 171 91,050
Fishing boats, sail and row.........-- 4 $200 | 170 7,805 13 2,600 |1, 158 128, 245
PROUSEIDON LSAT SCOWS!. Soni 4a S55<|snecss| os asdecnec| Mee caloeasncocc ew scealemec soci 50 13,925
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
UPA SELILOS = ag cy cessc:a aie aa'5 25's ciseisie 2 SOE a (ae eee eee | eer me eee a 47 5, 650
GOUMOTS Oiiths ete See Sel ee S| ee Fee ee et te Bea hs 61,086 167,570
‘MigoAD hich NVA SP eee Sree teeee e ene i eae (AP eee 886), 22-- Abaya ses 1,149
EVETICUMIM CSR) ange on sense tc as aoe laeieen tea sat SAS cmecrars) eRe ace ah aaaca| Mens 10
Shore and accessory property........./...-.. PN ee 35900! 2a se. LOO) eee 497, 393
ROcis Hr Ue ey eee ee Aeon. Lae ae oo) Seas 5 0, 0,029) eet [Pa arene eae tees 223,000
ARO Caleta seaiemmmaie mocinice siesince locos 2 TOR Nock 56, 441 05... 13,963 |....-. 1, 232, 960
|

a Aggregate length of 13,449 yards.

b Aggregate length of 438,420 yards.

110

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Catch.—The total catch amounts to 12,141,937 pounds, valued at

$585,995.

Contra Costa County leads in catch, followed closely by

Solano County. Nearly four-fifths of the catch was made with gill
nets, while chinook salmon comprise almost all of the catch.

Propucts OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY APPARATUS AND SPECIES,

IN 1909.
Del Norte. Humboldt. Marin. San Francisco.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds.) Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.
GILL NETS.

Bluebacks226e<o8—8 cokes = Sek ewes |e oeceaeee eee 9, 300 GBT |e ce cciecc |S ee cdors laaateeres' eee
Ghinook, tresh)s,..20--e0-----socecee 524,225 | $8,532 | 463,649 | 16,970 5,380 $310 91,063 | $4,055
Ghindoks Salted 's <2 scc.cts etnies a see 27,0005 “1,220! | 22s aes |etercterstane | Beet e e ete pate oan ee
Silver, fresh. : Seccccceseccnce cones 50, 000 900 23,000 | 690. < -..--<..% s]es.c5.S23)| st eeereeete | (Seer
Silver. salteds.cucccc ccc sccecec sce 20, 000 TS Q00u ec eee eas cltsace- oo eee aloes eee ene
Steelhead molt sc.c cecec seams aes | Seen ae ee eee art 4,700 235) \ i Secs, 3] eee k= | pas eeeses eee
MOtalscdce00ecaeceecsedesceoe 621, 225 | 11,652 | 500,649 | 18,212 5, 380 310 91,063 4,055

SEINES.
Blwebackse sssscaebe access oo ees cee |aaeeuseee| sseeee 119700 BID exe c2sca] lense) (igdeees| Seeeeee
CHMOOK MeSH ef. atajniete a care sinew n eee en oa ea 301600") 125064" |2. a2 6 a: |-sos soe estos cece eee
Chinook, Salted... c2ccscz wc oe ea- 10,000 400 | 32,049] 25982) | 2-2 scncos}ssccciis| SscatsAmenl eee
Silvery fresh nas occ. ce asicleaiicieiwie [oat sieie =| eles == 12,000 Rit eee eines Reeser ee ys 5.5
SilVelSalbe Gece eee esot eae emacs oe 24, 000 800 2,000 WOO) |onc2 56 22 S| scnce 3 | eeecw ee eee
1D ee ee ena nnieie eas oaocor a meee Peccrene 4, 200 84 Jones ones). sce Ne costal eee
MOtA: dacetcciw coe Steeetescc 34, 000 1,200: |\363; 549: ) 15, 912° |.222.< 232). s2ses | eee eee re

TOTAL |
IBIWeDIOK. Metso esses bec ee eases eres seer lbeeermee 21,000 689! le eck c icles See ee cee |e eee
Ghinook, dress): <ic.<<.2sc-c<05- 5-0 §24, 225 8,532 | 765,249 | 29,034 5, 380 310 | 91,063 4,055
@hinoole Salted. . cca. sconces 37,000 1,620 | 32,049 D082 sco .cco8-asare)|,kicpererere tate Sperone | ere
Silver ;ireshis o565<scsce<ecmeweesae 50,000 900 35, 000 1050 cc ose s|2ejcccccll esse ees |Seeeeete
Silver; Sal Cede acne. o2s cameo eeee 44,000 1,800 2,000 WOO! | cccnccctl| om ccesi| oc cee oes See
Wo gete eee tee aac aS es | See eae 4, 200 $4.\. Sedecnsalbo cae |oices ee
Steelhead trout........- See |e es Cee ee 4,700 200! ecosetwnelccenae eee se ees | eee
GTandstOvel asec eeant esc seee es 655, 225 | 12,852 | 864,198 | 34,124 5, 380 310 91,063 4,055
Solano. Contra Costa. San Joaquin. Yolo.
Apparatus and species. ;

Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. |Pounds. | Value. |Pounds. | Value.

GILL NETS.
@hinook, iresh\...2:. s..2e5-2----- 3, 238,788 |$168,713 3,944,902 |$210,855 | 61,187 )$2,585 | 197,520 | $10,852
Steelhead trout.c..scsccc. cece loes2eceese| cece cc 678 BY Yi. s.c cetaatel| is cro alk oes, ol Gee
Potala cheeses ees 3,238,788 | 168,713 |3, 945,580 | 210,896 | 61,187 | 2,585 | 197,520 10, 852

LINES. |
Steelhead! trout: .2.c<252--5 222 occ. cee | ceis ane 3, 500 BIO ose sacs | Sees eer ae teams | Seema
MNGtalecaoeeeacnteeernse sea ree Cee 3,500 270 Votes Selle Sat eloecer es eee See
TOTAL.

Ghinook, freshii\. 2 2. .-s<<.s;=.: 3, 238,788 | 168,713 |3,944,902 | 210,855 | 61,187 | 2,585 | 197,520 | 10,852
Steelhead ‘ttowtas. cq ssa seess: sce osce eee |seseeee es 4,178 23 bi EN an ory (eee | Nery meee Soe
Grand total. ......-- ....{3, 238,788 | 168,713 |3,949,080 | 211,166 61,187 | 2,585 “107 §20 10, 852

SALMON FISHERIES

OF PACIFIC COAST.

Hit

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY APPARATUS AND SPECIES,
IN 1909—Continued.

Sacramento. Sutter. Butte.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.) Value. | Pounds. Value.
GILL NETS. |
|
@rINOO Ks ireshtiee 2228 ic nccict edocs ceccece 599,723 | $32,690 62,119 SU Oli eas e-2 cece be catee 2
NG} G71 Ea Sea a ee ae Severs are 599, 723 32,690 62,119 ON ae see me eae see re
SEINES.
MET PENO OO Rome LOS erage ear tai tera clair er fear oe an cl reese ote. leant sees ls = Motes oe 163,022 $8, 285
BING) Cen pena aererer eerie rahe ete Seen eee = fia | ene ont a. [pe ARR nla eco 163, 022 | 8,285
TOTAL.
Ci mnOOKsMreSDi do .c25 oc ceecdnes se tetecce 599, 723 32,690 62,119 1,917 163,022 | 8, 285
Orgad total. -ccc4- a eeadao-des eee 599,723 | 32,690] 62,119 1,917 | 163,022) 8,285
Glenn. Tehama. Shasta.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
SEINES
hin Ook ireshiso 2... soe eeasa cee cdsiocaitae 72, 547 $3,627 314, 102 $16,905 46,475 $2,789
PROUtA) Se hveteser= ose seas nese Sei teeta ss 72,547 3,627 314, 102 16, 905 46,475 2,789
TOTAL
CHINOOK SITES e s.25 cei orci Gk so Selercicrrnrmrer ane 72, 547 3,627 314, 102 16,905 46,475 2,789
Granditotalecco cece sec ee souk J 72, 547 3,627 314, 102 16,905 46,475 2,789
Monterey. Santa Cruz. Total.
Apparatus and species.
Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value. Pounds. | Value.
; GILL NETS.
SINT Est Beep neces Ph BER BN) eR ae SU A he Sel ead eat eee aejenee See 9,300 $317
Can aa C0 fa) Le Un ISTO BAe a ee eee ie ee a eae er ie [ee ee CRO See [ra eee ee eee oe 9,188,556 | 457,479
OO R eS A LEU oe eee ree eee eee c(i Bae Vo Se eecilletnteteletocccee 27,000 1, 220
RAR aC age ei pepe Soc oo = oie ea le coe oa tacc'| sx eteiallaes eso teins Seee acon 73,000 1,590
TEAR eeu LL lee ee ok Becta as Bits rae| Seok Spars ae eaten SIS ae 20, 000 1,000
“SHEE WAVES V6 [aw (00) 9 een eee ees =e a gel ee eC ON er nee Ie = Ned [Ieee 5,378 276
DCO) (kB en elton 2 an a ae S| OR Aa nea ARAN [a SRE Snel [en N 9,323, 234 | 461,882
SEINES
BEBE BY AG Re acco eee oe Sane ce hates ee Sieness es Mica eK CP aie yee eS ce eie Bias Heesints eine 11,700 372
ROHINO OK, NOS. 2 SA nsiccle aceon nese |S un Ge sero Lace ca cecellsece = ones |oeeceins ss 897,746 | 43,670
BRP SOLU CC ere eee a Stern ere ein eget eens [eater seis [ot heen aba | Sear eeooe 42,049 3,332
ESPNU REL OG LaMar ctor ao. cicraye a SNe ta eee See Abe oP oe Re ene ee Mela dl Sed te cine 12,000 360
ee tee eee kee of Masini crs one re Sie acne eee ee tas Hockes aie Soe ol Sea eesees 26, 000 900
ee eer Aen ae MOE ee) 1s et Ree cane a eee eh Aant Aaw set meal cmos cece 4, 200 84
nea Ea oe I ee Te ER TES | ee ent rhe Seen ett | Cee | ee pe 993,695 | 48,718
1,769,524 | $72,634 37,373 | $1,759 | 1,806,897 | 74,393
10, 000 500 4, 500 225 14, 500 725.
eee, eee tre | Sn een DEE ee ee lll 7 SOL 277
Regrets tees pao ee erate siicis aie a eeies Ce 1,779, 524 73,134 41,984 1,991 1,825, 008 75, 395
TOTAL.
SRT E 1 FL pane pagan pce eg ee pore are tetas ara ot | ie che ee LS are emracces| a cieigelece 21,000 689
(Chalitooro) <7 0) cee eee ee ee 1,769, 524 72,634 37,373 1,759 | 11,893,199 | 575, 542
OMIM OOK s SHILCC are see ce eh ech ens shea fee vesrstaasolemnaeeness|sccesosesaloest acces 69,049 4,552
IVER ILOSHE. ioe acGcicsjo ne oaccaeonece: 10,000 500 4, 500 225 99, 500 2,675
ete Seu Lee cee naan eee ne eel ce tall ec hore seco ae a sinre'c.cmiaillomiee castes |eclem eee ore 46, 000 1,900
1 Cee nein en tS Sreedhar ie ea ee he | ele ee oe om fos ue ase 4,200 84
NILE ALLO G see sees. ee on ck ak Meee ac soul's canine etee 111 7 8, 989 553
Grantito te lato cee eee sass 5 1,779,524 | 73,134 | 41,984] 1,991 | 12,141,937 | 585,995

101379°—11——_8

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,

112

STATISTICS BY WATERS.

Persons employed.—Of the 2,675 persons employed in the industry,
1,880 were on the Sacramento River. The next largest number was
employed on Monterey Bay.

PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY WATERS AND
NATIONALITIES, IN 1909.

é = Sacra-
ees 7 Snith |MWlamath; Mad Eureka Eel Monterey] ,
Occupation and race. River. River. River. Bay. River. nee Bay. Total.
a : |
Fishermen:
Wiles saenaece- = 47 37 41 7 291 1,558 133 2,114
Chineses o222a52 Ss eme dee acee| aesen reel eters oe Sere ae ee |S ee 15 15
JAPANESE San so c.|aasces asa | sce ceeese| Soest choce |peee cae 242 tence eee 24 144 168
Total. cc-s.oss- 47 37 41 i 291 1, 582 292 2,297
Shoresmen: i ie |
Whites........... (| Seeea = eee eee eee 6 13 214 26 276
Indians.......... DBs Pea cele = eee ee a | Sia 09k |e Sree liven te eae 15
JAPANOSS- 22sec) see see be dele cent ese |ancstee a solekeee cooee geass D |pscosceaee 5
Motels ccyen-< - Die eeiceeso ee ee | amen ee aoe 6 13 219 | 26 296
Transporters:
IW DOSS crocs s sess sence Dr | ps SSee eal See pesos a | ieee ese (4 eee 112
Total:
Wihitess2.cc<c225 2 64 40 41 13 304 1,851 159 2,472
Wndians o22-2 4-2: AD?) 22 esac ce lecateek aie ees eee ae ee ea ee eee 15
(CHINES6 obese. he hae sdk es SBneeceoce | Gay xo men S| eects wis bal ee tee eee eee ete 15 15
PADENCRCS orc ca5| op tuine = [oe scanned anajasesets lywpacleany ca [eae ee eet 29 | 144 173
Grand total... . 79 | 40 41 13 304 1,880 318 2, 675

Investment, apparatus, etc-—More than nine-tenths of the total
investment is represented in the Sacramento River. ‘Trolling lines
are used in Monterey Bay.

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY WATERS, IN 1909.

Smith River. |Klamath River. Mad River. Eureka Bay.
Items. e < x | N
um- um- y- um- | y; um-
ae Value. eect Value. ber, | Value. non Value.
|
Transporting vessels:
ROWER VeSSOIS | occas efsiaisin sna selene cee sol aaa cee oe T |) $3;248 | noua e| once ce dies|.ccetees eee eee
ONMB LO iaisis0 ow a eine oe eee eee Q) | Snd.neaere|[es sacces|eecce Sau] o.oo eee
OM ee seen ae een eee ne | Seen | eee 100 | siete sais 6sl| Seino Rec eiccce.s Ja eae ae
Fishing boats, sail and row........... 23 $770 31 | 1,870 33 $865 7 $175
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Haul seines......... eee 4 (bl Berra Bencerice 4 500: |. 2223/5 eee
Galine tS a niit =a en eee 15 800 35 | 10,500 37 | 1,800 7 525
Shore and accessory property ........|......-- 420) | Roose. = 16/6005) oe acne 100!) s22e2se 900
Casi capitan & cn. c- Bee cient yo cise d cia see ere ee ee LOKO00 f) njeect || Samer cell eeeete ee 1,500
Total mexéteenseseeboecass eet Suess 2,540: oscccc2. 42,968 |........ 3,265) | naan 3, 100

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. Lis

INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY WATERS, IN

1909—Continued.
| |
- Sacramento Monterey Age
Fel River. | Bice Bay. Total.
|
Items. SS eee
Num- Num-| y,, Num- Num- ;
7 Value. bars Value. Hors Value. mers Value.
Transporting vessels:

POWER VOSSelS. o.oo se ends Be ee ae Pec 00 [amen aa mere 4 $37,748
ANNO) 5121: 1-1 gga ee er eee ee ee) Rae a 1: ar ae Pana! (eee (EN 316) eee eee
ROS CTT ees oe ge ele ae oe eas Sig ( eee cel ae eee 3,920
BOWerNOatss 2 ocelot eese se ecesleess ee ee 41 Os 8001 so oo: |b cee se | 41 63, 300
Fishing boats, power................. | Sepreesel ron area 126 66, 200 45 |$24, 850 171 91,050
Fishing boats, sail and row........... | 213 $5, 585 668 108, 575 183 | 10,405 | 1,158 128, 245
Scows and house boats............... | 2 100 48 Oe aes |S 50 13, 925

Apparatus, shore fisheries:
PAIN SOINCS Sion ae eice eee sacs 13) 1950 26 DN | ee sess || oe oi 47 5, 650
Gullinets. drift. * 32 S225 e555. 242 | 17,050 750 USOSOD | Soe — 2 | Sores a 1,086 167,570
BB my PUT a YAN Seapets ane eres aot = See | emia roce llerenmee Sls valle ecrerveen [Fics ae nec cop y= eS Ls TAG) | cc mee.d 1,149
PAT CIN OSs Sb cra 2 crennie nays | See See nes Seal eaten ig |e | oan SE 10
Shore and accessory property..-...../.-.---- 6, 750 |i cnc onc 468/628 |occu..- 4:000 2 aes 497, 393
WASCHDItH ee eno < one e ceo ceceslacinse ve SO008 oases | 178,500 |....... 80; 000" |cc2s. 223,000
Mo tales ee ene leche 34,435 |....... (1,076,248 |....... 70, 404)i4- 32 | 1, 232, 960

} | 1 if

Catch.—About four-fifths of the total catch was made on the Sac-
ramento River; Monterey Bay was second and Eel River third.
With the exception of Monterey Bay, gill nets take the largest part
of the catch on all the waters. The catch of species other than
chinook is very small.

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES, AND
WATERS, IN 1909.

Smith River. Klamath River. Mad River. | Eureka Bay.

Apparatus and species. |——__—_- : weet =
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.

GILL NETS.

PEUIBIE A Remantniets cronic docx Siess gies |S oc ee. BK se elaette bejaie eae salen erase 3, 800 lhe: || aadee ee alee ae
Chinook, freshiz. .......2.-225: 40,000 | $1,200 | 484,225 | $7,332 50,000 | 2,000 28,000 $840
Chinook, salted............-. 20, 000 800 7, 000 LZ (A Beste te cs eeall ee Sete SS eee hers ee
BIC ACCS ese ales dcjccd vine tect ecedasste8 |eeacccss 50, 000 900 12, 000 SOU) pete oe ee
Silver, salted................- epee ares Mere ores ZO OOO FO 00s ee Nae gis ese Ale ee. seks n sie
| 0) 2) KE tee 60,000 ; 2,000 | 561,225; 9,652 65, 800 2,512 28, 000 840
HAUL SEINES.
IBY GUL ofc) oe a ae Se a (On | mana! a ae eR | Sec PD 2,100 BA oreeas ce cul Se eee
ROHIMOG KR INCSH cocci eee ode cc cle ces o| feelers sets deccceseslnensioecs 28; 000i) 2 1kA20) lee se ee ee ee
Chinook, salted.............. 10, 000 21,0 eerie al eee ene 6,000 OO) ieee oeclece eee
SUES IEPRL IOS eee Aaa OE otal Near aa. cd Sec | eerie | Pinas = Seiosiel eee oe 7,000 PAL) eee ey ee been ee
Pilver, Salted. 22... 22 -s<0 ese: 24, 000 S00) se eee eee a eee eee 14 Bees Soe ee wen ee qs eae oo.
No) F:'| Le re ee ee aa 34, 000 TO owen coe eee |e emaees | 43, 100 EW Wr i ere ee ae ae
TOTAL

SESS Kee tee ee Seder tac S ote IM lice Oe (Ded eel | 5,900 200 Seas oe (seit are
Chinook, fresh............... 40,000 | 1,200 | 484,225 7,332 78,000 | 3,120) 28,000 840
Chinook, salted.............-. 30,000 | 1,200 7,000 420 6, 000 SOU) se cece een | nee cere
BOLI OG STRES Mere cates tacter eters a osc 2'| oletendealea cists] sierencterss 50, 000 900 19, 000 STO AE perce acts eae ee
Silver, salted................. 24, 000 800 20, 000 1,000 easier heeisetrisiel honeceseerest eae
| ——

Grand total.......-.... 94,000 | 3,200 | 561,225 | 9,652 | 108,900 | 4,286 28, 000 840

114 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

PRODUCTS OF THE SALMON FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA, BY APPARATUS, SPECIES, AND
WATERS, IN 1909—Continued.

Eel River. Sacramento River.| Monterey Bay. Total.

Apparatus and species.
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. } Pounds. | Value.

GILL NETS.

Blueback..... 6 ence 5, 500 $165 9, 300 $327
Chinook; fresh. -.. 2-225... 385, 649 | 14,130 9,188, 556 | 457,479
Chinook, salted)... .2c<soeecc| a2 eecenlanccees a seas cees 27,000 1, 220
Silver, fresh.......--.--.-:-- 11,000 330 . 73, 000 1,580
Silver saltedi...232. 2228.2 Sees eee teceset 20, 000 1,000
Steelhead trout......-....-- 4,700 235 5, 378 276

Totally os as ese cose 406,849 | 14,860 9,323,234 | 461,892

HAUL SEINES. ;

Blueback............---2-+- 9,600} 288 |.......... 1 ah | a | ee 11,700 372
Chinook, fresh.............- 273,600 | 10,944 596, 146 SL; 606i |2oac. cose ease sees 897, 746 43,670
Chinook, salted...........-- 20; 049 2, O02. ac~ coms sc (eee ects a Sasi eles 42,049 3, 332
DMOPsorichuni:..2. 322.22. se2 4, 200 Sa eo a= OEE A ACER RACE eee eee | eeeeneee 4, 200 84
milver, tres... 0. -veec cee 5, 000 150: ||P 2e5 oe etal eee ated | Soon eee | aeemeeer 12,000 360
livers saltedsa.. s.c2 ace ee oe 2, 000 LOO Re: <see cr tevei ene oe ere 2 | cya ces ee eae 26, 000 900

SDOtH ees ee eos 320,449 | 14,138 596, 146 SU OOB" | reese casa ares states 993, 695 48,718

LINES. | :

CHINO OKs.c 2 soades dence eee ee cl Soe eee eee eee cere oe AL oe \1,806,897 |$74,393 | 1,806,897 | 74,393
PULVGT eee rie et hae aoe Acme ek oye | ore eee es | eee 14, 500 725 14, 500 725
Steelhead trout. so. os se |i cece oe en Regeiees 3,500 | 270 iil 7 3,611 277

MOtaloneacece ss sees: wee See fe trece 3.500 270 |1,821, 508 | 75,125 | 1,825,008 75, 395

TOTAL °

BIGEDECK sc cence ss enn oee 15, 100 ADS i. 32d ck ko) eee ace wall eeeseciee a eee 21,000 689
Chinook, fresh.........-..-- 659, 249 | 25,074 |8, 796,828 | 463,583 |1,806,897 | 74,393 |11,893,199 | 575, 542
Chinook, salted............. 26) 049)! Seti | ace eee cle een ae ee eee 69, 049 4,552
Dogs; or chum. ls.222-..- gece 4, 200 BASES fcc clls ote ccte [eee Seles 4,200 84
Silver, fresh......2..2..- aeae| 163000 ASOn || eh sete 2 (eels crete 14, 500 725 99, 500 2,675
Silver, salted.........2..0.-. 2,000 TOO) | eae | cet el eel ene 46,000 | 1,900
Steelhead trout............- 4,700 235 4,178 3ll lil 7 8,989 553

Grand total........... 727, 298 | 28,998 |8,801,006 | 463,894 |1,821,508 | 75,125 |12, 141,937 | 585,995

Products canned.—But one cannery was operated in 1909, and that
at Requa, on the Klamath River. The pack of this cannery was
5,663 cases of 1-pound flat chinooks, which sold for $28,315.

Miscellaneous secondary products.—Maild-cured and smoked salmon
comprise the secondary products prepared.

Pack or MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY PRODUCTS IN CALIFORNIA, BY WATERS, IN 1909.

Eel River. Sacramento River. | Monterey Bay. Total.

Products. -
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.

Mild-cured:

Chinook: 2. <228222-25220 64,000 | $6,400 |4,095,162 | $450,019 728, 800 364, 049 4,887,962 |$520, 468

Smoked:
Chinook. 22.22 S082 50,000 | 5,000 56, 550 8, 943 4,000 700 | 110,550 | 14,643
Silver as. ..ct. eee ee 3, 000 300 4,660 S2On| eee ae laa see 7,660 626
otal sears aes eee 53, 000 5, 300 61, 210 9, 269 4,000 700 118, 210 15, 269

Grand total.......... 117,000 | 11,700 |4, 156,372 | 459,288 | 732,800 | 64,749 |5,006,172 | 535,737

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 115
ALASKA.

The season of 1909 was a very quiet one in Alaska. Owing to
the expected quadrennial heavy run of sockeye salmon on Puget
Sound, several cannery men who operate there and in Alaska shut
down their Alaska plants and devoted all their energies to the Sound,
which materially reduced the amount of fishing gear used in Alaska,
and as a consequence the total quantity of products produced. In
western Alaska the ice hampered operations in the early part of the
season, but, with the exception of the Ugashik and Ugaguk Rivers,
the runs were fairly good. The weather was very severe on Nus-
hagak Bay and as a result eight fishermen lost their lives there by
drowning. In Central Alaska the run of salmon in the neighbor-
hood of Karluk fell off very materially as compared with 1908, but
in Chignik the usual good run appeared. In southeast Alaska,
except in the lower portion, the run was very good, but the cannery
men packed no more of the cheaper grades than they felt could be
disposed of at the then unremunerative prices prevailing.

Persons engaged.—The total number of persons engaged in the
Alaska salmon fisheries was 11,433. Western Alaska leads in the
total number, followed by southeast and central Alaska in the order
named. A large number of Indians are employed in this industry.

PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE ALASKA SALMON FISHERIES IN 1909.

nee : | Southeast | Central | Western | Ete
Occupation and race. | Alaska. | Alaska. | Alaska. | Total.
| :
Fishermen: |
ANA ASS C9 Re ea a ee ee ee 5 ee | 662 400 1,424 2, 486
AGLI See cee foe I ee kere en oes tite atto Rbina bas | 982 184 10 1,176
SAP ADCS meets ce cece eee te os eos eee ee iS ee eee (eee eee | 13
Ty: ale ES a | 1,657 584] 1,434 3, 675
Shoresmen:
AL iS See es Acie ae ln a a a Ee es eS 442 277 1,192 1,911
PRTC EES Beet een aie aren a eae e See a ac ee an 815 124 307 1, 246
( EUAVIBY SCY ite A, Ot Neh EE PRR St RNs A See NR et 546 377 1,069 1,992
MEL PPATOS Oto 3 cain sanvera’ ai apnarey oR ts, ig sisieimint lols 2 Sere Organic en rae? 348 356 1, 432 2, 136
PROD oie lose se ais-c.de Aes Soa xcs 2 eee eee ss lesa ete s 2,151 1,134 | 4,000 7,285
Transporters: , :
AEE ts Mera cnen etree Once oe arene aoe Ae eaeniee eae eee ee 148 108 187 443
PINS woes chao ke ne ake onnc sawn se Soe taen eae 13 hy GP) Eee meee | 30
PSC eee Rian d 5.5052 ie ames ae edits eae ale ce Ra east s yn aes } 161 125 187 473
=
Total:
\ NC 2 = ee ee ee Pe asters 1, 252 785 2, 803 4,840
IM GIAMS Ha oc seeks tages sche Se tcusce ce cent coe cesnsis 1,810 325 317 2,452
(Chantry US Ss ES ee en eee ees een ee 546 377 1,069 1,992
ML ELI ELILES De seete theres os = yin eb eh haa OS Sate Ole a, re yaa 361 356 1, 432 2,149
Granditotalise feos wees eeee acess Begectetncssteh sete 3, 969 1,843 5,621 11, 433

116 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Investments, apparatus, etc—The total investment amounted to
$13,948,271. Guill nets predominate, while purse and haul seines and
stationary traps are important.

INVESTMENT IN THE ALASKA SALMON FISHERIES IN 1909.

Southeast Alaska.| Central Alaska. | Western Alaska. Total.
Items. e =
um- um- z Num- - Nuim-
ne Value. pent Value. nest Value. er Value
Transporting vessels:

Power vesselS...........- 69 | $263, 256 25 | $213,019 39 | $591, 669 133 |$1, 067, 944
TPONMALC. 2422 sesmcer LV78s |esceceeeeee WAR 2 fe ctrce oat oe 35 200) | Sc. sais clalate 5, 80L ||4.522 See
Ouitiite seat eee oseecete 65;814 |scccsee- 53,255 |.......- SEU fal ae eee 266, 986
Sailing vessels... 02.0.2. 5 | 158,000 9 | 289,000 29 | 638,400 43 | 1,085, 400
TODNALG'S <2 <seu.ces <a 4438 \losedseas Se T4270) ceca ee 38/057, lees = see 09,761, | 2c. = oc eee
Ouihites see cence selene eee es 15580005 225522 285900 |. ee 63,840 [2.22.2 108, 540
Power boats. --22.--222<< li 11,760 4 8, 400 2 4, 680 17 24,840
Fishing boats, power....-..-- 60 SO SOOOM sae taal bce) well ek oie ce oe re ee ae 60 30, 000
Fishing boats, sail and row... 766 25,981 300 21,215 755 | 164,475} 1,821 211,671
Scows and house boats ...... 98 38,175 79 30, 930 133 | 101,900 310 171,005
PUI EVATIVOMS. 2 cen 22 <fervete sce = 13 34, 405 15 29, 850 15 26, 300 43 90,555

Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Haul seines........------ 45 12,451 49 TDS 280) | Seek ocak acs cee oe ag4 27,731
Purse seines............ 98 D1 USS alec Sot cs| see oe oe tee | eee eee b9S 27,188
Gill mets; drifts. <.22---- 256 34,030 57 11,020 896 66, 706 | ¢1, 209 111, 756
Traps, stationary......-.. 36 79,700 20 29,450 17 21,644 73 130, 794
Traps, floating. .......... 14 19,750 1 D500) a ci selon oe cee 15 21, 250
ICS pee en ae Seed O28) lode ees res eee [He She oe Se cataceisnanaleseoasiee 523
BDEATS eases eee ae 20 BO) Ihc cxtree Bel eater teilies-o ctpeiee |e eaeee wae 20 30
Shore and accessory property.|.....-.-- Wl, 7885902, |e=-scee ee LS 2005 716: |) -,2<-cretete 2,610,641 | sal se8 5, 601, 259
GESHICR DI than oases leaaoe nee Ppp aac OR Xe] Dy eae $90,531 ).....-.- 6 S565.7200 sccm eee 4,970,799
NGtAl oc eeacer ee saae eee snae eee 4,829,258 |.......- 2,823; 066 |2ecce~ ee 6;295,947 |.2ss.22% 13, 948, 271

Fete ea eae Cr cones eae
Catch.—The total catch amounted to 175,934,060 pounds, valued
at $1,333,344. Red or sockeye salmon comprise almost two-thirds
of the total catch. As compared with 1908, the catch of all species,
except king salmon, decreased very materially, due to causes described
elsewhere.

Catcu, BY SPECIES AND APPARATUS, IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1909,

Southeast Alaska. Central Alaska. Western Alaska. Total.

Apparatus and
species. | ;
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. Value.
SEINES.
Coho, or silver...-. 991,062 )$13, 214 B13 5548. 4[' S25 OOO a ja\sesiateisieia’e!| atelercaiscis 1,304, 610 $15, 304
Dog, or chum....-.. Oe LOD! VOD BeBe |< cies ccorerstere = rata rare ererell are wratere rere veverern|| wSiwleeciais 3, 102, 192 5,817
Humpback, or pink | 22,288,020 | 55, 720 510, 196 DOT ail jsiscsacats aleieiaiclllsiseicteies's 22,798, 216 56, 677
King, or spring..... 6. 446 193 85, 954 195 sie eocsAcmaecl Seis ames 92, 400 388
Red, or sockeye....| 6,426,325 /102,821 | 10,194,165 | 81,553 |............]..-...-- 16, 620, 490 184, 374
Motal wxnwece 32 814,040. 110l,.¢60- | ail, 103; 863: | 84; 795 |2-. ceo on. ce lease ene 43.917, 908 262, 560
TRAPS. k
Coho, or silver... - - 673,278 | 8,977 539, 508 59, 580 $397 | 1,272,366 12,971
Dog, or chum...... 2,699, 160 DAOGT: te, saiete asia eee |e elewies ars 811, 648 1,015 3,510, 808 6, 076
Humpback,orpink.| 14,515,760 | 36,289 14, 960 60 1 | 14,530, 780 36,318
King, or spring..... 112,354 | 3,371 981, 904 68,112 $55" |All, 62,1370 5, 758
Red, or sockeye ...} 5,362,896 | 71,505 | 10,762,775 2,540,055 | 20,320 | 18, 665, 726 177,927

12, 299, 147

Total....-...| 23,363,448 |125, 203

3,479,455 | 21,888 | 39,142,050 239, 050

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

117

CatcH, BY SPECIES AND APPARATUS, IN THE SALMON FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN
1909—Continued.

Southeast Alaska. Central Alaska. Western Alaska. Total.
Apparatus and
species.
Pounds. | Value.} Pounds. | Value.} Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. Value.
GILL NETS.
Coho, or silver....- 2735070) |) $6y808) | eerecwnsecen|oescccis 428,358 | $6,010 901, 428 $12,318
Dog, or chum...... 72,328 1 al Peres eens eee eee 2,770,720 | 3,554 | 2,843,048 3, 690
Humpback, oe DOO DRS lie Usedch: Iecreceyemcis cme socie eel 127,244 796 636, 932 2,070
King, or spring.--..} 1,510,498 | 45,315 397, 298 $902 | 2,835,646 | 10,781 | 4,743, 442 56, 998
Red, or sockeye...-| 2,391,990 | 38,272 | 2,439,920 | 19,519 | 75,669, 360 |605,355 | 80,501,270 663,146
ia) #2 |e a eee 4, 957, 574 | 91, 305 2,837,218 | 20,421 | 81,831,328 |626, 496 | 89,626,120 738, 222
LINES.
Coho, or silver..... 48, 000 Co: (0 | A me ree Se Le Se (te gree ee | ee Sree 48,000 640
King, or spring..... DO OGL. Boe: | et iO4U! | sasxercrceic mc we |sercmraca| eee eigen aim s| ae ace ews 2,961, 332 88, 840
Steelnead trout-..--. 11, 650 AQO | ee Pe Hien el tae ene |aee Boe means eee cee 11, 650 400
Potalos coos SHOULD POS2 sOU ROU! | Sareea ec ae fetaaad a ae |s-e-ewieleretarses | ae Siaje 3,020, 982 89, 880
SPEARS. 7 4 ,
Red, or sockeye.... OF 7 O00) | eOsORe nantes: leon eee 22 asmseenacins a)oneeicae 227,000 3, 632
TOTAL. - "1
Coho, or silver... .. 2,185,410 | 29,139 853, 056 5, 687 487,938 | 6,407 | 3,526,404 41, 233
Dog, orchum...... DO 10 080 LOU I ccs ce asst meee Se 3,582, 368 4,569 9, 456, 048 15,583
Humphack, orpink-} 37,313,468 | 93,283 525,156 985 127,304 797 | 37,965, 928 95, 065
King, or spring..... 4,590, 630 |137, 719 1, 465, 156 3,329 2,903,758 | 10,936 8, 959, 544 151, 984
Red, or sockeye. ..-| 14,408,211 |216, 230 | 23,396,860 187,174 | 78,209, 415 625,675 |116,014,486 | 1,029, 079
Steelhead trout-...-- 11, 650 AUN E tcrs are Sale bite |) erie eens ae eee a flee eleven: gue 11, 650 400
Grand total. .| 64,383,049 [487,785 | 26,240,228 |197,175 | 85,310,783 |648.384 |175, 934,060 | 1,333,344

Products canned.—The total canned pack amounted to 2,403,669
pound and half-pound cases, valued at $9,438,152. More than two-
thirds of the pack was composed of red salmon. Three canneries were
not operated, which very materially reduced the size of the pack.

OurreuT OF SALMON FROM THE CANNERIES IN ALASKA IN 1909, BY SPECIES AND SIZE
OF CANS.4

Southeast Alaska. Central Alaska. Western Alaska. Total.
Products. eS Se Se ey ee
Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
Coho, or silver:
J-pound flat...... 1, 206 Os D 4c | notions Kens ole mete See wa [eb aceene 1, 206 $5,543
1-pound tall.....- 38, 714 155, 431 10,275 | $43,155 6, 361 $26, 900 55, 330, 225, 486
PRG tale stec.5,2cu02% 39, 920 160, 974 10,275 43,155 6.361 26, 900 56, 556 231,029
Dog, or chum:
1-pound tall...... 83, 001 SL NAL ore te arte ara] eve ces lore sae 37,711 87, 656 120, 712 274,110
Humpback, or pink:
1-pound tall... ... 455,999 |1,092, 389 5,581 18, 394 3, 293 9,056 | 464,873 | 1,114,839
King, or spring: | ae
1-pound tall...... 857 3,598 16, 913 74,418 30, 264 129,608 | 48, 034 207, 624
Red, or sockeve:
$-pound flat.....- 14, 898 DS IDOO™ [ro csc te euiasa| ee emote 1, 487 5, 353 16, 385 63, 888
1-pound flat....-. 80,200 | 209, 962 2,936 15,539 2,057 11,108 85,193 236, 609
1-pound tall...... 185, 444 825,926 | 355,349 |1,625,371 |1,071,123 |4, 858, 756 |1, 611,916 | 7,310,053
AWo1K:) Deepen ee 280,542 11.094, 423 358,285 |1, 640,910 |1,074, 667 |4,875, 217 |1, 713, 494 | 7,610,550
Grand total....} 860,319 |2,537,838 | 391,054 |1, 771,877 |1, 152,296 \5, 128, 437 2,403,669 | 9,438,152
a All l-pound cases contain forty-eight 1-pound cans; the 4-pound cases contain forty-eight 2-pourd

cans. Reduced to a common basis of cases containing forty-eight 1-pound cans the pack is 2,395,4774 cases,

118 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Miscellaneous products.—The total miscellaneous products pre-
pared amounted to 9,473,005 pounds, valued at $374,324. Owing to
the low prices prevailing for pickled salmon, the pack of such very
materially declined. Restrictive regulations in regard to the pickling
of salmon bellies also aided in reducing the pack. The mild-cured
pack shows a gratifying increase over 1908.

MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY SALMON PRopDUcTS PREPARED IN ALASKA IN 1909.

Southeast Alaska.) Central Alaska. | Western Alaska. Total.
Products.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Frozen:
Coho; orsilver-s.cescee-a2 Ri Pa Na IR U4 Bites oar) perpeos| roo secse S| psccacts 35,721. | $1,072
Dopyorchumise:.- 2-22... MigSoe |), Loos. |aaeoaseae | seco sess | Sosacee ee oleae 77, 882 1,558
Steelhead trout.........-- 9, 450 AIS: | cca cewienfiseoceecsltSclotccicias|amasteies 9, 450 473
Motalieeneesecew ee ooeh ae 1230535 PO LOSM |e daaeacterdl see eras ae asioce cee aaeeeae 123, 053 3,103
Mild-cured:
King, or spring.........-- TE SSSs GOO: AG SOO a eee cay cecres spay ete eters reese tare tami eaetine 1,833,600 | 149,300
Pickled:
Coho, or silver.......----- 40,400 | 1,405} 17,800} $810 5,400 | $270] 63,600} 2,485
Coho: bellicS 7%. Soaasccensc| ne tees loteaeee ) 215100 ||| 18) 848 “oe eee aes |atee ose 227,750 3, 843
Doe, or Chum. --.<.s22<252 3,000 OO i ee eeees|t anos 4,000 100 7,000 190
ump back. 25.s:---<=5< 311, 400 9 A0S | spjntctoe tate ote eet | Seen einin oeeteminyers 311, 400 9, 405
Humpback backs.......- 11,200 Q24. | ox) cacnsscints. a [od sse'sntell Sets srais cis [aalllaciei=corcere 11, 200 224
Humpback bellies......-- 123, 480 6, 896 46, 000 OOOH Soec His eos eeeee 169, 480 7,396
King, or spring..........- 6, 200 DAS I Isto ss nos neces 82,000 | 3,550} 88,200] 3,798
King bellies. ...........-- 7,000 15 Reese 8 preter | Ee se Sele loeare aeatee 7,000 175
Red) Or Sock6yG.- -. 22.2 :6:2| steers selec esse 437,800 | 17,319 4,863,700 |149,979 [5,301,500 | 167,298
Redbellies 2*26. sass sesenlscececeee te saeee 183;600!'|, 135902") oo aes (eee 783, 690 13, 902
MOtal sec .- 5 22 ere sie sete 502,680 | 18,443 {1,512,950 | 36,374 |4,955, 100 |153, 899 6,970, 730 208, 716
Dry-salted and dried: |
@OWO. DHCKS os see Seis arate | Sette | otra “ 14, 500 4G). Shasta |beceecee 14, 500 549
1D o- eaeece eerae nee FPAGOO!|' OSS) akc a te | Pee tea eee ed |e ee 71,600 | 1,038
Humpback backs. ....-.- 50, 000 500 1, 500 7 ig a ae a Pe Te 51,500 545
Kea pes 8 ee eee eee 800 Ail patercha eee apes eee mrepeteie | ener eeen earn | nreys errs 800 45
IGG DAGKS |. oes oo oaclncasoccuies le atese oe | 83, 000 POUL eae een ees eeeees = 83, 000 2,302
Bip tlsepe eee 122,400 | 1,583 | 99,000 | 2,896 |..........]-......- 221,400 | 4, 47
Smoked: |
Coho baeks:-2.. << sateen oe | aera: | 4,000 400). |; 22eeticana ae eescos 4;000 400
18 (0) eee cone eee 585 | AST IC eda. As 23 ae eae idea cee Ad 585 43
Red backs! sc 229-4 sseeeesl-aseoeese | Ey ee 28, 300 1,580 | = 12,000 1,200 40, 300 2,780
ROL siea eas a ine erste 585 43 32,300 1,980 12,000 1,200 44,885 3, 223
WenhNZer en aco Gees otersearee LOO 224 ih D287 le Stee Seen ae Beeeen eres ae eter 159, 224 2, 287
Ollie ee cee he ee TOO) VIB y BeBUGHlEsesee ce oa|es. see See Fans es 2120,113 | 3,215
Grand total............ '2, 862, 202 [177,975 |1, 644, 250 | 41,250 [4,967,100 155,099 |9, 473,005 | 374,324
i} if

a Represents 16,015 gallons.

As the fisheries of Alaska are carried on almost wholly in innumer-
able bays, straits, and sounds, but little being done in the rivers, it
does not seem desirable to show them by waters, owing to the amount
of space required for the tables.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

BRITISH COLUMBIA.

de?)

The canned salmon pack of British Columbia was the only branch
of the salmon industry of the Province which could be shown by

species.

Owing to the quadrennially heavy run occurring in the

Fraser River in 1909, the pack of British Columbia is quite large.

The pack is shown by

water areas.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON IN BritisH CoLuMBIA, CANADA, IN 1909.

Species.

Coho, or silver:
+ -POUNG Date a2. secmeeesoees
1-pound flat
1-pound tall

Dogs, or chums:
L-POUNG talc). 5 ciceiscceceiss =

Humpback, or pink:
T=POUNLG HA t.cx i ccismccrecenc'se%
TepOun tally soe ese nce es seme

King, or spring:
F=-POUNC WAGs cedeccccie east acess
P-poung fiat. S220, -osad ons ce
B= DOU PAllesso a secsis owas
J-pound! tal ese c lees ncaset
1-pound oval

Sockeye, or red:
~~ 4-pound flat
I-ponnd- at <222 s+ ..2264255
F-MOUNC Calle 2 cus lect s cen
POUT alla gsc Sc:esaie.ciciotere, =<
4-pound oval
1-pound oval
1-pound squats..............-

Fraser River. Skeena River. | Rivers Inlet. Nass River.
Cases. Value. Cases. | Value. | Cases. | Value. | Cases. | Value.
710 $1, 988 1,158 | $3, 242 264 739
5,735 PAE 0 ene ee ee eae 176 845
15, 459 64,928 | 11,671 | 49,034 1,092 4, 586
21,904 94,444 | 12,829 | 52,276 1,532 6,170
725 BAD 2000 28 BOO! es se cre eel ecormca, aera fo mre ieisinrase
227 624 40 DI ye ect a c2 ecstatic ncare rar ovat vy ar erevere
1,053 2,527 | 16,080 | 38,640 |........|........ 3,589 | 8,614
1, 280 Siols | 1G: be BS, 000 leese sk howd, f 3, 589 8,614
es a Saal | ee ee |e era ee 304 1, 216 56 224
1, 167 7055 yal Rare sera (Rae ep 47 ei, ete sues eee eee
176 FSU Pos rca Fed ache RN pk Sareratl ao apcettotenen tiers atelciatal| arsvexces stats
173 934 | 12,025 | 64,935 388 1,095 2,309 12, 469
ate SAN ON cr eaare’ atest 444 DAR! | casa eee] on ree See eel Ceara
1,516 8, 482 | 12,469 | 67,821 739 2, 593 2,365 12,693
309, 634 1, 238, 536 | 72,838 |291,352 | 51,520 |206,080 | 11,162 44,648
245, 697 1,462,182 | 19,789 {118,734 | 28,750 |172, 500 2,070 12, 420
itecn ew ate Pee ieee ces 2, 600 $5800 10; 280) | 38,024. no oa eccennce
{126, 597 683, 624 | 30,393 |164,122 | 29,377 |158, 636 | 20,189 | 109,021
17, 650 TosOLO | ch Soe a ee en |e eae et eas ee ee
em Ss | ere ee |e pea ede Pk eee 406 | 2, 639
8,312 PED ADS (ats | cacee ecitctecln ea one cence aoerw eae eae oll ale egos | eeee a ee
705, 890 3,509, 227 |125, 620 [582,788 |119,927 |571,140 | 33,827 | 168,728
731,315 | 3,617,044 |181,038 |770, 435 {122,198 [579,903 | 46,599 | 218, 671

120

Pack OF CANNED SALMON IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, IN 1909—Continued.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Species.

Coho, or silver:
B=DOUNG MAbs. see mach-oseen ements
Tpound Hats. oc. s2<ee sso esses
I=pound tall... 2.2... 2ssnecsecceccis

Dogs, or chums:
i-pound tallon oc. 22 co caceeee wes

Humpback, or pink:
LeYOUN Matas: esate eee ees
I=nound! tally. <2 e7coe eek cece ese =

King, or spring:
PPO ULC f] Bit seem a= acter. eo eeryte eee
(= DOUMONHMA tas 22s hee cose ses ecinesi

S-POUNG tall’ ccc hvcanecnes cones |

Pepoun dtalls 2 ecnaec cece er oe
1-pound oval...... eee ee

Sockeye, or red:
S-POUNGMAL\ cacmncms seecee saan
Je pOUN G fa tessees asec tescw cece
--NOUNG tall seen es cto; coc cee eee
12 OUT Citall eee anemic eee coe
APOUNMOVAlE 222 22sec cease se ses
I-nound OVvalso.6..2cee0-s4seee-
I=POUN SQUBLS: secces 00s omeersmen-

Northern miscel- 7
Teal MGR Vancouver Island. Total.

Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
Sse R Spe ee | Sas Pe eae lee ee Re sete mere ee 2,132 $5, 969
Se Seen tne eae Mamas Sn PUR eo 5,911 28, 373

13,071 $54, 898 13, 409 $56, 318 61, 520 258, 400
13,071 54,898 | 13,409 56,318 69, 563 292, 742
1,568 3,763 | 2, 280 5,472 16, 573 39,775
SR | be ee ee 2,000 5, 500 2, 267 6, 234
3,000 7,200 | 4, 000 9, 600 27,722 66, 581
3,000 7, 200 4, 000 15,100 |« 29, 989 72,815

|

Se eer | aeeeeeeae [eceeteciscis| Sade mans 360 1,440
See Sepeiteetell oo lesions SA Ore ees | cameos 1,214 7,314
x Satan tess ose lbveletasiesas aie tasaca Nope aterenaner ace all eee 176 516
2,218 | 11,977 500 2,700 17,613 f® 94,110

brave tesunhjeneveve | xnese eterars dyaa lesser Seceeten letienetepererse 444 2,886
2,218 11,977 500 2,700 19, 807 106, 266

18, 806 75, 224 19, 800 79, 200 483, 760 1,935,040
Srcispe) hale ciate | rnareree ets 20, 400 122, 400 314, 706 1, 888, 236
Bcd ions | feet tee erel Eee eel heen 12, 880 42, 504
29, 694 160, 348 41, 643 224, 872 277,893 1, 500, 623

2 Uetnoeal see ee rel eget ees 17, 650 75,013
See SRE eee cena bo ekee Bee eee 406 2, 639
Se ace tearall Satie ee cee ee | Cee ee 8,312 49,872
48, 500 235,572 81, 843 426, 472 1, 115, 607 5, 493, 927
68,357 | 313,410 | 102,032 | 506,062 |@1,251,539 | 6,005, 525

a All pound eases contain forty-eight 1-pound cans; the 4-pound eases contain forty-eight 4-pound cans.
Reduced to acommon basis of cases containing forty-eight 1-pound cans the pack is 993,060 cases.

VIII. STATISTICAL DATA FOR OTHER YEARS.

CANNING INDUSTRY OF PACIFIC COAST FROM 1864 TO gro.

From the beginning of the canning of salmon on this coast it has
been the most important branch of the industry, and the table below
shows in condensed form the number of cases packed in each year on
the Pacific coast of North America from the beginning of the industry

in 1864 to 1910.

As British Columbia is a Province of the Dominion of Canada it
does not come strictly within the scope of this report, but in order to
show the pack of canned salmon on the North American shores of the
Pacific Ocean, which would be incomplete without that of the
Province, it has been included also.

Pack OF CANNED SALMON ON THE Paciric Coast, By YEARS AND WATERS.

Smith
River, Cal.

; - ; F Coastal
- Puget Grays | Willapa | Columbia io
Year. Sound. Harbor. | Harbor. River. ape recut
Cases Cases. Cases Cases. Cases
Pe eee ee a erate Ao fotd Aas Setegetc rors acinlll 0 as cvahvesiaes hiea szermetdee 45000) | 224202252
ee A ei arte ype ee sya Spee le maa | hes S cals oe 18; 000 eo. 2 sedans
eR ee Ara ea RET APE NRE | Poe ee cnn eee ne a ene 2S; OUD: |e ac oe oo
ee SE ee he ine ea deate ol ads < anda Sea ee ee as Steele eee se guia ees TOD SOOO! an dase eee
Sed eee eaten) ee ee a, Se | ae ne SC | (rn (OT 1505000. |e cwe fcnne
ESS Sa eA EE Oe eee | SOS, CEE (errr es ae ZOOL COO Warn Sea e eae
8 Ie ea ee er Ne ee. al eee Ee 7 7G UN | 80) eae nee
a pea a a Me rs oe Naka Woe oy aa tnsde oda aise Z00[000H A ee clece
ern eee eee een elie Seo BOO OOON gs oan
es 2 5 an 8 sl Oe oe eRe ecee eka kl Seeds SHO QUO) ses oe cand
Ree een aaeeee eee 450,000 |........---.
iO) eee ee ee oe 380, 000 7, 804
238 Rao) eee 460, 000 16, 634
UU Wiener eters Pein «ae ee 480, 000 8,571
Re soe ie ee nee ea eee 530, 000 7, tie
SRDOO | i on hee Ae ee 550, 000 12, 320
Fe OO ake eee ee [bog a ee 541, 300 19, 186
13) 00 ga Rae ee 629, 400 16, 156
DR OUO Ts eee eee o. 620, 000 12,376
Ly OOD eee meee ata | acts SES oe oes 553, 800 9,310
IA OOO! | Aare se ae eal cee se ee ee 448, 500 49,147
OR NN pa tee eae cee eee ae 356, 000 3,996
21,975 37, 000 22,500 372,477 5
1 BE Ve | Deca rae | Roe eee 309, 885
BLO eee eect | areata ain 435, 774 , 009
20, 529 500 8, 000 398, 953 24, 500
26, 426 16, 500 14, 500 487, 338 83, 600
89, 774 22,000 16, 195 415, 876 52,778
95, 400 21, 400 15, 100 490, 100 54,815
179, 968 11, 449 22, 600 634, 696 77,878
195, 664 21,274 24,941 481, 697 87, 360
494, 026 13, 300 29, 600 552, 721 60, 158
400, 200 12, 100 21, 420 487, 944 75,679
919, 611 24, 240 21,314 332, 774 82, 041
469, 450 30, 800 26, 800 358, 772 12, 237
1, 880, 590 41, 500 34, 000 390, 183 58, 618
581, 659 31, 500 39, 492 317, 143 44, 236
478 ARS \nccetos seek 5,890 339, 577 54, 861
291,488 27,559 26, 400 395, 104 98, 874
1,018, 641 22,050 14, 950 397, 273 89,055
430, 602 22,000 14, 440 394, 898 107, 332
698, O80 14, 000 13, 382 324,171 79, 712
448, 765 14, 000 20, 457 253, 341 52,478
1, 632, 949 19, 787 12,024 274, 087 58, 169
567, 883 51, 130 14, 508 391,415 103, 617
NOUS | seine fe eee 10, 548, 380 459, 509 418,013 | 16,960,199 | 1,829, 942

Cases.

19, 374

122

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack OF CANNED SALMON ON THE PacIFic COAST, BY YEARS AND WATERS—Con

= Klamath | Eel River, |Sacramento i British
Year River, Cal. Cal. River. Alaska. | Columbia. | Total-
Cases Cases. Cases. Cases Cases Cases.a

RG eee ee hee cme | ree |e D300! Sse cece cec |e bana ee 2, 000
iT ee Oak eae a id ee Oe LONGO as) (in, ut Ds OO0) egeectee ae oe ae ae eee 2,000
[Css ene aie nin: PRN Ds sextetic ieee eRe E CoN Mie ath le eek yy A] meee ko 4,000
ASB Tote ak ee Sts ad os oe ape nel Sete ce ao oe Seca | hae ie | eee ore ae ae ee 18, 000
TSOB P88 =o Se cccs aciecac.cis a5 oe sie be eee er cee [aac Sees sete ere leenaisleteertete ora | ere eae ere anche tere | Cree reget 28, 000
Go eo es eden ak Aawiema-sequl den yee shone el be seaace de os eenneees ames eek se hee See een 100, 000
AQ7OS SS es oo ccna Manes Bes | Se SE Sees Rane Se ee eee |e eee 150, 000
DM an. ces). Unac sons ie Naues atl ome Aamo cate Sache fou oe eee eee een emacs teas | ee ee 200, 000
NODE ooo cc vendaamme eeeeccuece eo aeeectendehdece see eel ees cece coeeall Seecaaelae stotell meet are eeemnes 250, 000
PRTG ies ase chews oe oe bee be |eacee a ae Ook ce sc ncclctera |e eee eC act a are ge ee 250, 000
ELS) ci Soe eee ere sl pcereedl ee) ela eee | Se seieeicee ee OOO Sects eee ll Sope oe eee 352, 500
VOD es xslt can ete tages san eaten ine aan incamme oe tene S000)! oucbctees antes te sae 378, 000
0S) ae eee e tiara ie Sees ner an meee yn met Per | LSE iat ee eet TO SOOO! Soren seo sense 7, 247 467, 247
ESA Tice en Sees Crs A ee el era oe 8, 500 Zl, G00) Seeteemale jee 58, 387 481, 691
1 176: see oe ps rend eee mares pee eS 10, 500 34, 017 8, 159 89, 946 629,191
USE acm Sra es 3 ee Penny ea ie eal lode Be cater eee secre Se Hs ae 13, 855 12,530 61, 093 577, 349
TSSOR ety oe. Oe eeeecaleeeee eee cas 6, 250 62,000 6,539 61, 849 687, 010
11:15) ee alee eeu acer | [Re erate Sete [br A ee 181, 200 8,977 169, 576 930, 573
NBS 2. Po ois Seek Aa ee | Wee ee eee eee ee aes 200, 000 21, 745 240, 461 1,030, 592
Gee eee 7s oe ye mee | ene eee | ee eee 123, 000 48, 337 163, 438 981, 831
aU t51: ROR ates Gh Ae ene mse 2 7] RS ae mye ee Fe Pee Oe PND 81, 450 64, 886 123, 706 907, 918
ABR peeves eens |e ese conse | ee eens 90, 000 83, 415 108, 517 857, 042
1 t(:]ee e eeePr ed WO yo, ae | Caine Ge 39, 300 142, 065 152, 964 848, 976
See eel Penk ne 6 ee See | Se eee eee ee 36, 500 206, 677 204, 083 899, 256
BSS ea eee ae ee kee AV AQQu Saeco ee see 68,075 412,115 184, 040 1, 217, 792
1 eh 18 Ales ee ge ees PNP a (ee pee re aml eee ae na 57, 300 719,196 417, 211 1, 614, 066
SOO EE notes Ace cen anetoce taaceeneel ateee saaaes 25, 065 682, 591 411, 257 1, 609, 696
1110) (ete ea See Sn or [ne ay eet aie eae 10, 353 801, 400 314, 511 1,578, 746
doe ee eerie eer ee ene eens eel oad, Sarre 2, 281 474, 717 248, 721 1, 354, 083
LS OS eo oka cater ee nae ae 1,600) Wes sncecceete 23, 336 643, 654 610, 202 1,876,915
RO Ae ey ee acre wie ees OO ae, Peepers 28, 463 686, 440 492, 232 1,887, 150
TRO See see ey ere 1600; |ooo.se cect 25,185 626, 530 587, 692 2,169, 848
TSOGM 2 1c Wee eaose ee ate ol oe eee ase neni Cem oscar 13, 387 966, 707 617, 782 2, 408, 812
It) even ee is ea ee ae | ee oto Aly ate 38, 543 909,078 | 1,027,183 3, 124, 609
TB OR be Pe eae Seo to ede ot eat ce ees t | See et ansosed 29, 731 965, 097 492, 551 2, 484, 722
PRO ee eee ts 1 G00" G=c. eae 32,580 |} 1,078,146 765, 519 3, 257, 825
110 0) eS aie ie rc Peeena peel [Rtn Ae eerste neh ae ey 39,304 | 1,548,139 606, 540 3,091, 542
MOON eee se eet cess Seca sens eoe| ese a cose alee iste sek aoe 17,500 | 2,016,804 | 1,247,212 5, 186, 407
TOD Dore eee eer eee amen eee PAB ee ae 14,043 | 2,536, 824 327, 161 4,194, 558
gS, 5a arya ne | ee A = Vm) (Ea 8,200 | 2,246, 210 473, 847 3, 607, 073
OO eee ee ee eee es 3 400) acme oe eae 14, 407 1, 953, 756 465, 894 3, 276, 882
ILS 0 say ok teens bole ey ein aees owe wy de Para e Sey ee | Gee ME OI 2,780 1,894, 516 1, 167, 822 4, 607, O87
OOGES 2 = oc tton cae Bet Seca atl ote tc SSA] Gaon en as Sees cee 2,219, 044 629, 460 3, 817, 776
OO ee ee ee |e ee ae | eee 2, 169, 873 547,459 | 3,522,506
NOS ce at etree ete Sher is eee iat Steen See eyed | ch ts = Pe a 2, 606, 973 566, 303 3, 962, 317
HOUQ See Bek eet ae same oe Be bay 2, yes amy ae et ee even cre 2,395, 477 993, 060 5, 393, 670
POLO EME ease ee ee eee 8,016 B00 ie an teers eal 2,413, 054 760, 830 4,316, 453

MNotale2Iec88% cose 30, 449 31, 250 1,352,855 | 33,569,671 | 15, 695,756 |° 80,593, 711

a Reduced to a common basis of forty-eight 1-pound cans to the case.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 125

CANNING INDUSTRY, BY SPECIES AND WATERS.

The tables below show separately, by waters and as far as possible
by species, the salmon canned on the Pacific coast from the beginning
of the industry until 1910. It is only within recent years that the
published statistics have shown the pack of the different species sep-
arately. In the early years of canning, the chinook, or quinnat,
salmon was used exclusively, the other species not being utilized until
the chinook had begun to decrease in abundance, or a demand had
arisen for a cheaper product. There is a very great difference in the
selling value of the highest and lowest grades, and it is necessary to
have complete statistical data now in order intelligently to compre-
hend the trend of the industry. While every effort has been made
to make these tables complete, there are, unfortunately, some gaps
which it was found impossible to fill.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON PUGET SOUND FROM 1877 To 1910.

Num- Chinook. Blueback. Silver.
= ber of
Year. mene
neries. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. | Value.
Pe Ae air eae eee 5,000! (Pini oosseeee
Snndccnoccesacesscce bass DIS: |e Wee ae
EAE Te Catt Se nae Got: eae 1,300 | $5, 690
sO po enim. wap a | oak bret a folelecuiats ee oe oe ooo
|
ere Stour IS tena | senicltaaeeemaie] see Soe ee
A ee ee eee ee ere 7,480 37, 400
pag Mean al MEA Ae 20 3, 000 15, 000
5,538 $24, 92] 5, 869 19, 368
2,954 11,816 7, 206 24, 500
47, 852 103,371 11,812 59, 060
41,781 188, 014 22,418 89, 672
65, 143 273, 108 50, 865 154, 218
72,979 | 350, 299 82, 640 264, 448
312,048 | 1,248,192 91,900 282, 133
5 d 252,000 | 1,058, 400 98, 600 335, 240
ROO nee ataes sees ace as 19 24, 364 103,180 499,646 | 2,368,334 111,387 418,176
NOOO! canssccedecesness 19 22,350 134, 100 229,800 | 1,149,000 128, 200 512, 800
[SLI ee Ses Mada Oe ton me ge Pega mies | aeraago eae UPR -Srte oe Fpl [a eet | eee ra |e er ee ei
10,1 PE a oe ene 21 30, 049 150, 245 372,301 | 2,047, 655 85, 817 429,085
MOOS 2.2 woe cisciacigig ste ee 22 14, 500 72, 500 167,211 | 1,003,260 103, 450 413, 800
HOU SS a aecind cw soe: cece 13 14, 441 69, 352 109, 264 653, 871 118, 127 447. 851
ROU inet = = Sie cae 24 1, 804 9, 922 825,453 | 4,952,718 79, 335 337,174
11010 (0) oe ee ees 16 8,139 48, 834 178,748 | 1,251, 236 94, 497 472,485
NOU (eet eos on Le 14 1,814 16, 326 93, 122 698, 416 119, 472 476, 288
OURS a oh ec oe aks « 11 95, 210 666, 470 170,951 1,196, 657 128 , 922 644,922
TSS) an oe 24 13,019 72,604 | 1,097,904 | 6,183,300 143, 133 630, 446
NOT (eine 8 ee acces a5) 10, 064 60, 324 248,014 | 1,673,095 162, 755 895, 153

124

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON PuGeET SouND FROM 1877 To 1910—Continued.

Num- Dog. Humpback. Total.
Year. menue :
neries. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
cee ba tenSss See eects HOON Peeseceee eee
{IRE LGh Wmanrs 4 Permanent el Nh eaten S RS Sey Des
WB cup aeceese| fA cee cs cea ec wiee as ieee ee ct, eek | oe ae 21,975 126, 356
1,145 $3,435 2,809 $7,584 11, 674 49,619
4,000 12 O00 se S08 $2... Ses nance ceee ee 8, 000 32, 000
3,093 10, 825 5, 647 15, 246 20, 529 72,461
16,180 DO AOSOU ivi, teers AG il eae ne ieee 26, 426 93, 419
11,380 31, 295 17, 530 47; 331 89, 774 247, 537
22, 152 60,918 9,049 24, 432 95, 400 363, 036
38,785 94, 741 23, 633 62, 556 179, 968 591,948
26, 550 43; OLS) ese ads gaae acta ee aes 195, 664 755, 235
23,310 64, 103 57, 268 | 171, 804 494, 026 1,805, 277
38, 400 105}, GOO Sas os < ahaa |Sereee eee 400, 200 1,549, 864
31,481 86, 427 252, 733 734, 241 919, 611 3, 710, 358
89, 100 DA O25 aoe cece ee ae ee ene 469, 450 1,940, 925
Seibre. aarSre ares cilletaro arend asian Ge | osteo ara aie ete alia Siero gee aeare 1,.880;590 | 2. cecee cee
93, 492 AGT AGO E eee c eee | aes eee 581, 659 3,094, 445
12,001 30, 002 181, 326 407 984 478, 488 1,927, 546
49, 656 VO SOD AE 2 Soo. ftel| stereos ots aCe 291, 488 1, 295, 328
41,057 102, 643 70, 992 212, 976 1,018, 641 5, 615, 433
149, 218 (08, SUH cetcccee ate 'ce semen 430, 602 2, 481, 336
50, 249 150, 847 433, 423 1, 300, 269 698, 080 2,642, 146
47, 607 142, 821 6,075 18, 225 448, 765 2,669, 095
53, 688 128,916 370, 993 902, 342 1, 632, 949 7,917, 608
146, 942 514, 297 108 388 567, 883 3, 143, 256
Pack OF CANNED SALMON ON GRAYS HARBOR FROM 1878 To 1910.
Num- Chinook. Silver. Dog or chum, Total.
Year. pot
neries. | Cases. | Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases Value.
Ll scaicea|necoeo teas | oemete a oe leet ees see lee come ae | ceiaeeteeierars 5, 420 $29, 268
Ds (lesereaie jal Sere cictantcra | olasaiaterateigior | arc e/aisseestewia | =atete x vscpseei= | ove wetererete esse ll ereterssaiaratelals || See eae
Berte Sane Sines Direc ie iad: Salant Ou: inion perl ranean awrtes >
2 A Ses SS) ES SR Ne oe | eM yee ol Ieee a etn es ee [en ree ee 37,000 | $212,750
nate T |Seccceet leet ee vissesseee) BOO | _-1,500
1 4, 500 $15, 390 9, 000 $9, 415 16, 500 55, 585
1 4, 500 22, 500 12, 000 14, 850 22, 000 85, 350
1 | 12,300 61, 500 4,100 13, 500 21, 400 91, 400
1 56 202 8, 876 6, 922 11, 449 35, 527
2 7,816 36, 806 9, 278 11, 495 21, 274 57,990
1 3, 100 11,741 8, 300 5, 000 13, 300 40, 222
2 5, 100 23, 052 4, 800 6, 050 12,100 45, 422
1 5, 000 21, 250 15, 740 8, 750 24, 240 89, 025
2| 6,700 33, 500 12,900 30, 800 30, 800 115, 900
amen s (Saesame Spall ee eee | iene arte Jae 41 500M psceeesree
1 4,000 20, 000 10, 000 70, 000 31, 500 135, 000
—~ 2) 4,339 | 20,163) 14,904 "21,022 | 27,559 | 93, 039
2 2,050 9, 225 13, 000 18, 200 22,050 79, 425
2 2, 500 10, 000 11, 500 21,500 22,000 75, 400
1 1, 000 7,000 9, 500 11, 500 14, 000 66, 000
1 1,000 7,000 9, 500 11, 500 14, 000 66, 000
1 5, 721 20,819 9,019 11,608 | @ 19,787 70, 573
3 | 15,495 90,718 21, 768 48,534 | 5 51,130 248, 092

@ Also 1,649 cases, valued at $9,051, with sockeyes brought from Puget Sound.
b Also 4,350 cases of “ Quiniault,”’ or sockeye salmon.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 125

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON WritLAPpA HARBOR FROM 1887 To 1910.

Num- | Chinook or Black. Silver. Dog. Total.
Year. Pe F
neries. | Cases. | Value. Cases, Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
Doky Caer se SN een cere | eater tet iaics= | Siatsie ms eactavace | atate’s e/a 21ers’ oetacaiaes otetere | sia lere eustareva’e fea a: wis-Oie = ermbe | ocais esos ase
TSO Sele cic sclmscis Oo epemed ater Petal (ase eh tetate sce raat cranave' [ee renters ve | soa ead ies S Steel's bo merece 22, 500 $129, 375
TSS eee eacree | eee sae (Case mace eee cce eon bc cao e| man ataca fells ame maces a|eeaeaore oe lad-<cemmen| teow. ccm
LSS ee CAE PL Sa at AO |e eae eee (RR ee ee ae eS ae ene rer (ea See EC aan | ee ee
SS Wepeneseig cars les ears a.ais llomeceeremeate « 8.000 BZAS OOD! || sundiatne cade aed eaanctes 8, 000 24, 000
NS92 2 cet elses 1 3,000 $10, 260 9, 000 30, 780 2,500 $7, 745 14, 500 48, 785
1893). 2.222 s00was 1 1, 700 9,180 7,895 31, 580 6, 600 18, 150 16,195 58,910
WSO 4 cit Azc-oa ais 1 2.700 14, 580 5, 600 22, 400 6, 800 18, 700 15, 100 55, 680
ESOhee se 2 ape 2 4, 636 23,180 13, 047 41,150 4,917 13, 222 22, 600 77, 552
1896s dececcsus 2 4,551 22,755 11,940 38, 208 8, 450 21, 238 24, 941 82, 201
Cy Eee ee ames 1 | 8,100 33, 291 14, 600 44,822 6, 900 18,975 29, 600 97,088
ROS cide ce seas 2 5, 865 26, 510 9, 809 33, 351 5, 746 15, 802 21, 420 75, 663
BOOS Ss ic icsic cc! 3 5, 650 25, 425 10, 675 40, 031 4,989 13, 720 21,314 79,176
1900. - noses 3 6, 700 33, 500 12, 400 49, 600 7,200 19, 800 26, 300 102, 900
ACU) bem tetera creer ern ees ll Bee ROS oye PORE ll at tere eh Oa eee eee ene Ses ane [ <B45000 |e c.ciw om siete
A902. cco cccocts 2 5, 836 29,180 9,128 41,076 24, 528 97,112 | 39,492 167,368
19 03 eae 1 2,300 13, 800 2,390 10, 755 1, 200 3.300 | 5, 890 27, 855
O04 a2 cacine 2 | 38,000 12,000 7,400 28, 440 16, 000 38, 700 26, 400 79,140
NOOB 3. eis ssc 2 4, 650 20, 925 4, 300 17, 200 6, 000 15, 000 14,950 53; 125
1OUG® So ectec 2| 4,000 16, 000 5, 340 21, 360 5, 100 13, 260 14, 440 50, 620
12 0 pe Seats tee 2 | 3,530 15,354 9, 228 36, 682 624 2, 496 13, 382 54, 532
M908 wre, os2 Scie 3.2 2| 4,017 20, 585 5, 923 23, 692 10,517 36, 809 20, 457 81, 086
T90G ee. dex cess 1 1, 455 5, 869 4,822 17, 359 5, 747 13,163 12, 024 36, 391
110) U0 ea eee 1 2,923 15, 077 5, 096 25,480 3. 489 22; 7: 14, 508 63, 268

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

NN

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099 ‘G6 ‘T EST ‘06 Oe ese a lbtot xO leet ee le ec alee ee ge oleae ee reas Sia eee se ree e aes
963 ‘ZSZ'S GLL SSE €86 ‘ZOT | 269 ‘0% 902 ‘89 969 ‘21 S91 ‘20% | Sc6 ‘FF FSI ‘Z | COT ST 89S ‘TZ8 ‘T
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166 ‘OIL ‘8 969 ‘FED GPS ‘E06 | 8L9'6F £89 ‘68 | 109 ‘66 £25 ‘98 STO ‘ST 899 ‘StF ‘S | 606 ‘FEF
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127

COAST.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC

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880 ‘092 ‘T 180‘F1Zq | 96466 G88 ‘LT GIT ‘LG GES ‘FS OLO'SST | SLT ‘GF T9G‘FIZ | 806‘LGD | OFS‘EOG‘T | TET‘Z9T | ST
802 ‘O88 ‘T TPE ‘ESS Mogae Heel Ola le. oe tat TSR.G1. esse a) CEPTS T8¢‘8 a 960‘01% | FT
O6P ‘E92 ‘T Tite hotew «(Greece VN TeOed.™ ia eee SeGeae aikste ear LSL ‘TE PONG: - Pease ess €eF ‘sss | 61
290 ‘6PI‘Z 868 ‘F6E 00¢ ‘ze 003 ‘9 GOS ‘69 GOS ‘22 SEE ‘FST | OFF ‘TF GIL ‘FS 918 ‘2 200‘898‘T | Pee‘TIe | 6T “77° Q06T
TLS ‘183 ‘Z $16 ‘L6E OIL ‘6tS | 2286 902 ‘69 TEL ‘SZ IlO‘FIT | 928 ‘9% 809 ‘OF 892‘L 989'06 E. 1'90E 208 h6b.e )9 Sane Bee ste me OG TE

101379°—11—-9

128

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON THE NEHALEM River, Orea., FRoM 1887 To 1910.

Num- Chinook. Silver. Dog. Total.
, ber of E
Year. are
neries. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value,
ry pee ee dye | adaeeed seis ga aietiar alban aka ad alae cen amet atta ae 5,000 | $30,000
CT SSSSS 2 ete seretenciea| son ccGue Eyae |S. 8 Guanes Reecietel | eyardee eee ate tell cae rere a ee eee ae [iipine.sla das]: ocaaee ees] eee alee ee
ae Eee eee es tnpiiiaa oSinoall acter cad. cd] eke Sec: feeme cee Meaalauade 6, 000 32, 000
SOQ oe car aod- I ccosss tte aes a datacSovo cea see ere erage ene | eee ee eerie t been ae 9,000 45, 500
itt AOE a a 1; |i ehh Sees | ae ee ue ence eee es Sad UE iad a nek 3, 500 14, 000
PEO2 2 Fe occne aU Sree vrc enters | Oe epee 10;,000:}, B40 90009282. coieicel/ccaeide sane 10, 000 40, 000
TB9S Ss icciase.s 1 1, 692 $6, 768 5,031 PA Be Tl een yee Siew, [nine ar 8 6, 723 26, 892
1k 0) eee ul 1, 627 6, 508 4, 866 10, 4684 oacoceeess| ataanasce 6, 493 25, 972
TSB Se oc coeue 1 1, 752 7,008 D; Loz 16,486 |-22222s22:).sccceeees 6, 904 23, 494
1896: cswies<<ig 1 2,828 8, 484 6,218 15 604-1|- 2 acces 8, 046 24; 138
PSO7 3 escece. 2 3, 384 10, 152 8, 366 20098 2ce<cxeenc eee eecmere 11,750 85, 250
TSOS Ss eee 1 3,808 9,891 5, 700 HOVBSO Ans Senos s| eae eos 9, 508 29,271
TS0uace se. 1 1,384 5,536 7,405 | 26,658 1,288 | $3,864! 10,077 36, 058
1900° Seeks LT iie2 he a eens Se eee NG mee one |e Ws) a Staves opal Sdteeediale alese |eisrateraoa 6 neil] Sete eetetertame
TOO ley awtre cas 1 268 1,139 3,273 13, 092 2,669 7, 206 6,210 21, 437
LOO2) s.ccsie:ss1ece 1 PYAL 1, 431 3, 169 13, 468 2,570 10, 280 6, 010 25,179
1903 eee eae 1 686 3,670 4,615 RONG Te ee on cited ate 6; 301! ssa temnaee
1904 ct ees iL 500 2,500 5, 000 20, 000 | 6, 006 12,000 11, 500 34, 500
NU Dace cciiee is siswels coe 2,700 16, 200 2,900 125325 6, 000 15, 000 11, 600 43,525
1906......... i 3,987 | 23,922 4,976 | 14,928 | 2,057 5,143 | 11,020 42,993
VO (eee ee 1 4000 "|e Sco esee 63600) Po eeencaes 2, O00N | Mea teens 12; 600"|2s00ceee
LOOR ea aeons 1 0; 000) | ooo cce ase 6; LOOM Ee ae eocmee 2, OLG! |! 3 5.<c cu suisse ascents S| cee a een
190952 2.12.. 1 1,985 | 10,542 4,554| 20,253 | 909 2,091 7, 448 32, 886
LOIO. oSe.ene 1 By OOO sees scewen M00 rer ce ae se A SDU0! aoe s nce 10, 400 itveenen
Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON TiLLAMOOK Bay, OreEG., FroM 1886 To 1910.
Num- Chinook. Silver. Dog. Total.
- ber of * |
Year. a
neries. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases Value
1886. 262.006. RO ee) Cera aoee Met area (oe tarm ever |e Serer lt OREM STs Of (UOON| cs ecraeetee
VSST Sewaces ec IDNs ato ah bos ka aes seccearek ot dicts ania ashe hivanes | Ohana aya] Ma eels a ee ee 21,000 | $115,500
LSS). ci<:o:0:ss, 20 | De NES Sha a sae Sus acest ah cca icin rappel es ae ba ce tia ets anal eae 14, 633 84,140
1880) a es: (ees ean Nareneai | cine er [PTI @ Keer |F Sees ee cas en 9, 500 52,250
W890. oc Se Ire erste tajeins [dra stae sc ave/oihesttpevac.emre. all hepa ates, Shapes] Metereiale 5.4 A) aa Brace eaters Meenee rere 14, 009 79,049
L890 cesses | Dl eccteeSis aetialisd-ove. nreceell a an teceeere ees salen fags: 2e heals [emer nee onan |e
| b2}* ERE 1) ee eee S| eee 18, 0CO D1 OOO ees nate ee | Oye rceeers 18, 000 72,000
L898 cc cco 1 497 $1,988 4, 000 16, 000 6,919 | $17,297 11, 416 35, 285
1804... 22.28. 1 700 2,800 7,763 31,052 700 1,750 9,163 35, 602
TRO seee ne ae Li! atten alle eee 6,514 | 20,845 7,001 | 19,253 | 13,515 40, 098
1896 1} 2,200 6, 600 4,860 | 14,580 ]..........|.......666 7, 060 21,180
USOT. acrsciccans 1 2,000 6, 000 9,000 PEL 0 910 eee see (ae a Parsee 11, 000 33, 000
1€98......... i| 5,000} 13,000! 10,342] 35,162!..........|.......... 15, 342 48, 162
1899 ees | 2,180 8,720} 3,889} 14,036! 5,121 | 15,363 | 11,190 38,119
WWisvepeierstatecse'|ly | ood yoke! | Liste yaleyess\= cel ane Sites ee acie eens eres | siaee'e en aie Aue nche re aiaie a a:6w(ainie wiersie imei 5 sinleig es stele eta abet
POU ee a se 1 848 4,240 2,133 9, £98 3,901 10, 728 6, 882 24, 566
1902......... a 215 1,135 2, 287 9, 720 | 4,093 16, 372 6, 595 27,227
1903......... Tl ctor eel Soke Ae 2,727} 11,590}; 2,620] 10,480 5,347 22,070
1904. 2.22222. lay pennant Ae ae 4,400} 17,600 6,500 | 13,000} 10,900 30, 600
renee | i 1, 100 6, 600 1,700 7,650 8,800) 22,006} 11,600 36, 250
(9063 2.225.025 | 1 1,870 11,220 2,364 7, 092 | 1,270 3,175 5, 504 21, 487
VOUT camer se - | i 2000s. caer cee 3,410 |. csc cc. 5] BVA ee ceca eS) es See
O08 eee eee 1 2) Oil eee eee 6;,000' |. ....-..-- |: A OOO Sc ..< 40 052 |seicwee so. 2 Cees
GUO: coe 2 1 2,615 15, 663 5,029 21,809 | 3,712 8, 538 11,356 46,010
1910......... 1 25000)| 202 was 4,500 |. 2yc02 0%. 25000 |.Saes seins 93400 isis): cece
I |

aac

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 129

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON Nestucca RIvER, OREG., FROM 1887 To 1910.
Num- Chinook. | Silver. Dog. Total.
Voar: ber of

ean-
neries. | Cases. Value. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.

Passa ae lee aaon 4,300 $23, 650
Pee ere eee 5, 000 28, 750
be aS ee [paeeeeees 6, 700 36, 850

165 413 5, 255 23, 549
150 |.......... 5,790 |...... 200
RON Pa aie el oak ee
oe Mave 5, 440 |.......-0-

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON SILETZ RIVER, OREG., FROM 1896 To 1910.
Nuimn- Chinook. Silver. Dog. Total.
Year. ace
neries. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
1 2,500} $7,500 1,900] $5,700 |..........|......2.-. 4,400 | $13,200
1 3,510 10, 530 DOLD iy OAR Aes ces eee eeeeees 8, 525 25, 575
1 3, 200 8, 360 4,330 LATS We cawonee ce aetecne cas = 7,530 23, 082
if 2,200 9, 900 2,319 | 8, 696 200 $550 4,719 19,146
NN Tihs er es Soo ca sacral Sta Sects Sree os ars ee ae ars la SR ea aie eho lel a ae hoon iol et ora a ee
1 876 4,380 3,740 16, 830 360 1, 260 4,976 22, 470
1 600 3,168 1,917 8, 147 500 2,000 3,017 13,315
ars i | 1,000 '|'~ 5,000," °3;300 | 13,200 | 1,000 | 2,000 | 5,300 | “20,200
1 1,500 9, 000 1, 700 i220 900 2,250 4,100 18, 475
1 2,635 15,810 3,192 9,576 167 418 5,994 25, 804
1 Dy OOD erage ate ctacs« AS BOO) ees en 2 QOS 432.02 bs i, Baan |psccemeces
1 a OOH Rese ee ALOU) | a2 came eee BOO! eis cs ons 7; LOO" | eer scets
= os 1 ene 4,600 |..........) ST; | DeSean oe aie rag arenes

130 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON YAQUINA Bay AND RIVER, OreEG., FROM 1887 To 1910.

Num- | Chinook. | Silver. | Dog. Total.
ay |
Year. ce | |
neries.| Cases. Value. | Cases. Value. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
| —
ss |
1887.. Dib anne oc a [weed Shraers| os boob ae eegrere Sree hell Slee eee ee ees ote lees oer
aaa 5 eee een bait) ene Peewee rs le Sort aoe ee ERs Paes ee, 5,088 | $29, 256
(31: We ge eae fle ac anes | pe ge one Set ere [eee ees 1 cphe Sie See 5, 600 27, 500
bf 2{0 0 Lene ee De lie S| REIN (eee ery re Set A Bene sre he ets ear [ae oe eee | cee = Ve saroraisiad icteila sce
1891... Plesk ie sob acemce deca eet eeIt Nos tee lomeccaame lt [pce oes cal saeenceee| sea
4 Do" nate Yel | rire gee there moe ee ara fae -7 Paes oman hep eRe (Me I nor) lee cioe weet leone oS hol dere tel) Saree
TRGB ncseehs coll eae chek le Scme ste meb ayes |S saaSeees ob ocee ae 2e.a| Sched ie ain| de one so Sete | eeeerete ele ears) | eee eee
T8040 Se eee lars Beet [Be es ene c (Sa ee see | Mme eee ete sors eae [SoS ieee deo. has Bes eee ee
RO sae re | eet Ne. coerete tere ol Crete enc se neers | coe Susre.cie ctl Sco coves eave loc cee ee lnc coe eee a ee ee
1896 : 1 1,714 $5, 142 615 bts | eee es eee 2, 329 6, 987
NBO 2 Cieentrecl| Gov Soto's ep os ba oo Se [lets Sey Sees | ree cake emia vote sie ces | Sec tre | ce ee | en ee
1898... 1 170 442 | 1,530 5 p20) mass ce | ee eee ' 1,760 5, 644
1899... ' 2 316 1, 422 3, 234 12, 127 1,300 $3; 575 | 4, 850 17,124
19900 MDa Is Soares errs [ines eee rane eee eee lee ere ee, | ee eee | cee 18 dase deisel RS eee
1901 1 96 480 2,848 12, 816 549 1,647 3, 493 14, 943
TOO DS seers ais. clog ches || boa ere ele ata | Sat aussie sya ge | re elicee, See wf Silene Pavave lero | SNe tated pape ere | cua et le re ee
1903. Wil eet eo sea al be scree 1, 238 5, 262 315 787 1, 553 6, 049
1904 1 50 200 2, 600 8, 840 450 1,080 3,100 10, 120
1995. 1 200 1, 200 2, 050 8,613 62 155 2, 312 9, 968
1906. 1 500 3, 000 3, 100 9, 300 60 150 3, 660 12, 450
1907... 1 pag |i oer 310101 0 ht | eee eee AQ hee ea isa L883 incomes
1908. . Lae re eee | eee | ASQOOUC Aa tee een 2 |S aa oe 4; 0602.2: 2277
1909... Lee eee eee | 1,139 4,556 33 76 1,172 4,632
1910... aL, eta ever yall oa ere 2,669 | UB oso Peeeaetond ac eke s 2,669 13, 345

PACK OF CANNED SALMON ON ALSEA RIVER AND Bay, OrgEG., FROM 1886 To 1910.

Num- Chinook. Silver. | Dog. Total.
Year. I poe iy 2 SS
neries.| Cases. | Value. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
|
1886. AD eee eee cif alee ee el spate =n | ekse nee ceo | Gi dels! wtenadl ese eee | eee aee ee
WSS 7 sete ot || eae ae Ieee ere te ie SS 2 le aps Boa nents hm sym |e Gee ee ees Oe a 11,180 $64, 285
T8882. 22.205-] Bale eee oes sees ae fists = aera oaeteursd on Oe amsemcee |B Seen ee 9,620 55, 315
TRSQE Sao sa pe Sees onan oosleae sc ee es ie ae as |e 2 Ae ae erie | eee 10, 000 55, 000
i Rel?) tener ea, Se cd Deere Ses \a.ceg ete.tus ol oa Boe tede loca oe eee bbe et ea ae | Seen see |e es
189 cose dal (erence VE Say borarecel OE Se Sac callie Ae 9 ee lee ee
1892. Lal Pee ere ee see 3/6000) S14 4009 eee. ccs os eee re eee oe 3, 600 14, 400
18935. . il 1, 260 $6, 300 3, 240 TOV OGQUIESS cx Sie |eeaee aes 4,500 19, 260
1894. 1 440 2, 200 4,160 LGFO40) ec eee ee eee 4,660 18, 840
180 eee 1 1, 700 6, 375 3, 280 LDF S08 tee ees eee eee 4, 980 18, 183
1896. 1 3, 500 10, 500 3, 400 TO S200 Se Ae Boeere Sueno ee 6, 900 20, 700
1897. 1 1, 800 5, 400 3, 200 S7600) Baer | Seen 5, 000 15, 000
1898. 1 4, 296 11,170 2,170 (ERY E. ls DAA en EER tae 6, 466 18, 548
a : 2, 150 9, 188 5, O10 wR toe eer aesanel teeters 7, 160 28,176
O00esascertsiael! Dol oeth ceases ees cme| cmckeec a onsite seers ot ee elee.s Cee | Saers Naeracrs lever cyte ee | rr
1901. 1 695 3,475 4,629 18, 799 891 $3, 118 6,215 25, 383
1902. 1 701 3, 702 4,530 19, 253 670 2,680 5, 901 25,635
1903. 1 13031 5, 516 4,242 18, 029 44 5; 317 23,633
1904. 1 1, 000 5, 000 6, 500 26, 000 300 600, 7, 800 31,600
1905. 1 2, 500 15, 000 1, 800 7,650 700 1,750 5, 000 24, 400
1906. 1 3, 702 22,212 3, 843 L520" weees aealeco nee ets 7, 545 83, 741
1907. 1 800s eee Dy LODO |. fae cece sn SOON eacnc came 6;Z00)|- eaceeeee
1908 Sceesee=% 1 100k. eee ee GS O00HE .cs nee 400) feticnces 1000 ec ce eee
1909... 1 1,119 6, 714 5, 486 24, 027 89 184 6, 685 30, 925
1910....... 1 2; 500! |accc5.- <5] 559005): 2s nce. TGQ eee etter 85500! eo eee
| |

131

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack or CANNED SALMON ON THE SIUSLAW River, OrgEG., FRom 1878 To 1910.

Num- Chinook. Silver. | Dog. | Total
ate ber of |_ Aw ee
Year en
neries.| Cases. | Value. | Cases. Value. | Cases. | Value. | Cases. | Value.
|
er) al a
1S Beee eee 0 de SIRES Lee RSE Ce aE AN eae SEEY bear ere are] | oer ae 10, 809 $55, 620
1879. BN Parmemintie lea lwnteeergea|iacs oc <eles|ose wae se a] ewe emines aa le crarrsfeiee Sell ates aioe os o| ais ke anlbias
SUS reer fe iaal| arches mea o| ee erie | alee eae ee ae lee sl eee ees mere ee Geer er
USS Toe See |e se cel bs aera | LE Rea) elena reeled Bee eee [Saetee ese awe Oe sila |ne eter > os
LSPA 22 Oe | Re el eee te Lee ee PL Pee (al ene eee Nees acon ees tee eae ge
Hee ene SDR en Ss cae e ie el, ee hates brenalce cone t eens | Semi: Zeb eee Ss ees. oe
SUS ee ee ete a ears |S wa eRe al ec aee |acst tarot |S aune eleee co.cc eels eueaticee|eece lee: s :
SS ae eee eas coe reece ee eee Cea waa e Aras Sel clot og | Sees eee eee
USSD paces foi in Salasiee tates orem! sede] ss cae ood]. oheaskese]iicecuaasc|s etek we eal nes Toten. ales cea dere
MSS (ees ae A carton nek samc aiateseecens Wet emetAelsiuwateere|.fasdrases obi hngews|iasceesiane|eteasacer
1888... EA tate a ae eri ee gees lee ea ees ae ee le perenne, eee 11, 960 68, 770
1889. . ey ee Pee Beene eee ees eee mee ee 12, 000 66, 000
1 eee Vee ereslaviares |e Sete ancl: bsfare wiatrtele ches) sro acai aun eem ph aceyal Stator ely ial Ssove alam sift ad Ayala LN pad brereteranere
1891. Hy jamare cers ens se eine Ia aad etc Siena stare ect heen oa eae ae all ay he aa eee cae
1892. Di Nlevuans sae oilniaiase Gee cine FPS OOO 72) O00 occas 2) occ soc at. | 18,000 | 72, 000
1893. 2 17) $7, 850 WN SAO Stoel eeecew tele re encod | 13, 301 54,675
1894. 2 1,871 9,385 |; 14,987 PT eto eee ae ee eon ees | 16, 858 69, 303
1895- 2 1,637 6, 139 10, 465 LE | ee ee ; 12,102 41,413
1896. 1 2, 700 8, 100 9, 000 GNM sili Micali a esacetd eins? | it, 700 35, LOO
1897. 1 1, 100 3, 300 3, 900 DUO ee esc. e|e sine Coss =<] 5, 000 15, 000
1898. 1 850 2, 210 10, 080 Be OOO oe ee Gece aa} oo sn se ee 10, 850 36, 210
1899... 1 1, 162 4, 648 ; 8, 600 31,356
1900... fe seen [ee eee ear ana eae ialee hetero so Morac hohe Sele makita so
1901.. 1 1, 735 8,675 9, 223 38, 627
1902... i 1, 288 6, SCO 5, 698 25, 060
1903. 1 1,519 8, 127 8, 361 37, 206
1904... i 500 2, 500 7,000 28, 500
NO eee secemteaas Ll tate aiaaiaras bad wis rapaindicya) elaine ne dais lettres ajapsiald|aasaawactaleidesciaae slaaed nace ou |Saeee cae te
i ho)8, CE oe eee 2 4, 500 27, 000 21, 000 75, 750
iy eee ome DS lok ce mmitee| accesses Oo) 660) oeeeeee aes
MD Seeereeinin tera Renters reaeoaee SpO00H een eaated
OG aren 2 632 3, 792 8, 068 36, 748
11 eee 2 BOD Weta snd Bo, VOB | cbinctcwns
}

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON

THE Umpeua RIvER, OREG., FROM 1878 To 1910.

Nuin- Chinook. Silver. Dog. Total.
ber of
Year. ane )
neries Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. | Value. | Cases. | Value.
a .. | :
|

1 fs Se oh eer Saf Al pe ots ccd peed ce dbase ma cleats aie tethers [Shere careers e §, 160 $43, 740
1879... ah ee See tS cn aoe, NPR eee toe acdc een Se I BU A Bac a clita, opicovattelnd [ease ae See
een) ements eect |e oc om ae a eee et tednts wee eS «fees Senin ores. cael hiaetarceeS alle steeromene
Sees are enacted ee rental ie carers we | oe > chad a ate Se tetas elem etch ace Meat S uc etna cP wa wk areal [Pas ravers apm d iaroeisie meters
PU gear Nee ere | ee ae al es Sere oY gt. lee oe a Be Pe a 3 rad Ale itt hei. se nobly wurde tres | acne eis
seer ae ancl aoe? ace taem safes: aces. \ece eee sa eels oe blocs Sod oss Bld ocmanteccapodens duces ze eoodee es
1884... GP | ere ata otal cia a techcyar4 ic e acct aretar alles gate heertraty g Powe eter das Bsa wrath whl cease oats |e eserroreree
1885-. LOM eee eee es 2 eae 2 eee cee Me os See Pea licbeae a het cee Oe Sct ele eee et ee es eee
1886... HS IE yee cia ee coe EIN de a cin cage eens 1h oe Lei Sas 5 staan’ < len a Severs a Sc ere
HOR io xeysc: LA Sees eer ey eee (eee a ee eRe eee eens | eee rene ess 4, 000 22, 000
1888. A eee fae Pee eC eae Dee | ee a a se RR, IMM Sec 9, OOO 51, 750
1889. HS ee Na aha |e eee ance | Me elas mono PRCA Soo sacl ceaae SSE 12, 000 66, 600
BPS Mee ete Mee ee ree ne ena og sa tote a see a Rites See oes Ee ameter) talasta nad Sal Rec cc, Sin a Er fe oaewieralal| snp matters
1891. US teeters |e are hs Sete Seared. MN «oe Neh me ee creer | ace ae Gogeias < UR oy ve Sl| e Aen
1892. Py ee ec ee a a TD; 000) || = $40 ROG ec occ Saye See sends 10, 060 40, 000
1893. 1 809 $4, 045 3, 204 UP OLDS) oode aaetale al anes aed 4,013 16, 861
1894. if 235 1,175 6, 875 rd Ul ee el ee ee 7,110 28, 675
1895 1 9$2 3, 720 7, 697 DB SOD a onan 8 teeta cies Sie 8. 689 32, 583
1896 1 1,300 3, 990 8, 000 ZA OOOHE a eee ie ecae fe 9, 300 27, 900
ieee ere Wt ies dhe. |e oem cit eee oe seis s| Seas sies'| vege eet oe Slee cota: cota es J| Ge Baedsteea] Bele occ lees
WSU Seaereee Al he cies |S. oot ete mela pose inte e nese | Sade ecto lees Sock tos | Memes. 2 | sa5o Samael esses cere
NB99 Foe. 35.- 2. 2 925 3, S60 7, 576 27, 006 115 $345 8.616 31, 211
1990. . iN era cerats © petete lt ormenater ras ernst statcloasetoates | reiainie arm solic ome 2 hayars a ata ell 3 fa fareres Peete | ore ermaete ele
SIO eee el chan eee ees hae eS [eee alae = ae eres ata oie = eine ayers ne a imedscte ne oe be me pees el meee eee
Meme th ieiae ss | eawecinecc|sasacs <= -| sce ewe ales joe wane |nene~ 4 Sun |bbs <2 cso |s oneness ale eeee aes
1903. . 1 23 123 6, 733 255 OLD Gait awe case = aera oe 6, 756 28, 738
1904... 1 500 2, 500 9, 500 38, 000 500 1, 000 10, 500 41, 500
1905... 1 6, 100 36, 660 10, 500 Aas G25 |. asses efit cent 16, 600 81, 225
1906...-- 1 1,148 6, 858 5,613 TG ASO! ere een rocel aerate | 6, 756 23, 697
DS eee eco tell ahs) Satara t | oiwtcy eh ciaral nif, cie. Zia ieh olatsIs| Neate er Seieie,S |tdiole seein a) eyeiss sims seies [oe acacases|Soewsnce Spiaesec acer
tO Geese eee teases cee safaccasc-eac| Seek oeae 5) eS andeed levee sec ees | eee sys'sle he cterteeene | emis cae
900632 2c jec. 1 500 3, 000 71508 UAC: less osc ko psee ee a 8, 253 34, 012
a1) ee ee OOO Ans Bhan a DOO ie aaevades|Si.cosseealencandagad I 13,000) sciecccack

132

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON Coos BAy AND RIVER, OREG., FROM 1887 To 1910.

Num-
ber of
can-

neries.

Chinook.

Cases.

Value. Cases.

39,000 2° 000

Silver.

Value.

18,600 | 2, 200
8,169 | 7,180
5,092 | 5,174

"6,075 | 4,082
2,175 | 2,640

"7,725 | 7,200

"12,258 | 1,755
1,475 | 3,959

SES 5,500

Total.
Cases. Value.
11, 300 $62, 150
5, 500 31, 625

6, 000

Pack orf CANNED SALMON ON THE CoQuitLe RIVER, OREG., FROM 1883 To 1910.

Num- Chinook. Silver. Total
2 ber of |_
Year. con-
neries. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases Value

NNNNNNN RR He bb

760 2, 887
15225 35005
541 1, 407
950 3, 800
2,636} 13,180
133 665
286 1,510
331 near A
600 2, 400
2,100 12, 600
821 4,926
BOG |beencactrsc
250 I, 255:
420: |... sons one
a Burned.

20, 000
26, 000
8, 000
32, 615
23, 400

11, 000
8, 600

$63, 250
47, 300

9,818

26, 906
32, 300
51, 584
21, 049
26, 437

BOR i 24 he

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

133

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON Roque River, OreEG., FRoM 1877 To 1910.

Num- Chinook. Silver. Total.
ber of
Year. fant

neries. | Cases. Value. Cases. | Value. Cases. Value.
DS iitsmisrasawe sts acters omen cGcese ses fk) Ee eee ed (2A) 2 en ee CR er, ence | a past): al eee rae
STS eo acta Roots terwio.0,8 2 Si5'S.Siamere sie =:0,< ee creneaerene [eres igs sal | Seer arcane aera SSG) Utocemis Ste ope
1ikSy (8 Vie a ene ee eee erate ara lesaaroeiera eu te vate oo aeea Soe se ae GEOL eee eee
SS cater a cudicjesninrele isis ae etemduiees ae eS Seenle teen, Sea ew ee otal es ge ai ee Mig Nein aie a
LTS oe See ot a ee ee a ei Seee aes eG ere elt atte oa teen eee ears OO leprae ace
Sette everett remain <3 oi ce cle nem 1 eee es Peer er one | Para egec taro bey eee WD US Gil hence cea ee
PESO ste eA aac sai siiceSora.o 8 hs aides 22 oes i OP ee ese eae ae ee O eran (Oe Re oe 16,156) |82es— 02 ae
Se A a rere a Ses Mae OMe t's ee eye eee re cena ate Shee See Pe 4 (ch ae te
SSO Meer ets eo arser cers a winla’s Grocer creve/ vores 11 | RoR ees Ce eee te ene ee eae | Sen eee Ba QF SLO eee eee
PS Oetere teers tae stevc ico s aces rceiel slovavares Ey Se apslerace oe wetape ar ele We See eellig sateen tO IY eee eae a
DS Heese cie Metcins ae cea’, -ts Th acces aut le nclaciae oe ls sete ba eae eae oe L726 Wasa eoe
ROSS ete min eae vic a swe ooveeale oe oes hip | Se ee SSS Li eas pee een (et mere 21, 062 $121,107
LTS 2 2 SS ie epee re ee see Es ot Renieehe lawayices 2 2c licec oteedelooe qemctes 22, 000 132, 000
SO Ree eee tats ajelnls'e Bam Soe awrae Senate oe coco loser aie cee connie ello emneces 24, 000 120, 000
ESE Pie epee. wo com tce. cee Sema 1! | ee el ae = a ee ene 21, 000 105, 000
1a )8 PGR a ce i ae ee 1 10, 000 $59, 000 9, 000 $36, 000 19, 000 95, 000
PRO ere ene ode o Ura wtimutiasl ced a] 3, 200 1G; OOS ceker secs eines ee 3, 200 16, 000
TSOH eS a. chic cmeew iu ote ce Sniceeaeees (9 A a 58 ee a ee gene re Aimee eee mal [ME eee Pe ae ee Eee Pe AO
140 Fy) EE OL A ce gn 1 10, 377 41, 508 4,385 15, 3847 14, 762 56, 855
WSOGE Seiacsceaainedes suieccwace tees 1 15, 000 75, 000 3, 000 9, 000 18, 000 84, 000
1 sree Pe ren See Be 1 15, 355 61, 420 3, 653 10, 959 19, 008 72, 379
1012 ee ea a a 1 12, 964 51, 550 501 1, 303 13, 465 52, 853
ERG Uae Sec sc serniajcle'sra!ssielea(sn ateratererd.aca 1 5, 481 30, 145 140 6, 980 7,226 37,125
1121010 | a ee 1 Yih I Page eel |e anne He Naa ts | ee (RRNA EEE iin Sn
ODS oe ea cin gas Sota kaecawce seca 1 2, 681 13, 405 4,184 17, 736 6, 865 31,141
(UL eS Raa Ss Re eee ere ee 1 3, 799 20, 058 4,091 17,387 7,890 37, 445
ROD eek eee 2 nie Po 3.2 cn ewe ees 1 8, 418 45, 036 4,792 20. 366 13, 210 65, 402
12102 a ee eA aoe ee 1 16, 000 64, 000 3,205 11, 392 19, 255 75, 392
Use erate Sa ela ee dc cac-s 1 18, 500 111, 000 1,500 6, 375 20, 000 Lito
OS) (Ses rere Sere aia on ie hccnls seis 1 12,000 72,000 6, 000 18, 000 18, 000 90, 000
OWL Sac oe ames 2a Seknas cence 1 (asi ia oe by (20S Ree Os Dan | sao
18 he Se ae eS ee ee Se 1 CO nl ne ee 2105] U0 Pe eee 6,004) hoa c.c <
MODE eee aden meenaauens.c,s 1 186 1,300 699 2,977 885 4,277
19 (0.228 SS So ae aa eRe 1 Bone Soe See er 2 a a eee ee ae

@ Burned down during season. b Not operated.
Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON SmirH RIVER, CAL., IN SPECIFIED YEARS.
Num- | Chinook salmon. Silver salmon. Total.
ae ber of a=
Years. can-

neries. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
eee eet hokasdawelees 1 BOOT | SEI0OT bi secel cere Pauitivns 2c 4,277 | $23, 096
[ee Je A 1 a eI 1 OUCH laraeleect ee ae Loess Sires [en enamine hg DUN Peterson a
Se fess reas dah ais chases cietera sia’ eam 1 2, 347 TAOS ence are cand baer ele ee 2,347 14, 082
Ibs DOA ee eS ae ree 1 LS D00; |eoechsesas 500" | ce seemed YO 0 |e eee
SH ete ee aes oo Canam 1 LE OOO) | comeenss a5 HOO! Focee sss A000 ae asso.
ite ee a tnohiestants =c/cclew so erere.c Ra-e 1 2, 250 A |e nee ee (an ee Oo 2, 250 9,990

Pack or CANNED SALMON ON KLAMATH RIveER, CAL., IN SPECIFIED YEARS.

Num- Chinook. Silver. Total.
Year pois — ——
neries. | Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
121) A 1 4400" |) $26,400 5-2. dec, 22 lenimanceeen 4, 400 $26, 400
LEU S85 SE ee ae ee eee 1 SOOO Te ae arose re cst pasate arse: oeell raps Scie me 1600) pence
he ema Sta ca) Sass ioialaie.c.c'icnaterejelacnsre 3 1 MOO | essere eters | ote ya ehaoe Peeeeatote eters LOO! | occteeere
SO ren ea Shoe Soe ccc ntnes ace kis 1 1, 200 5,321 400 $1, 500 1, 600 6, 821
Oe ater SAN aa ache emer ee eee we 1 1, 600 SO Nee toe, sere leer 1, 600 8, 800
is teh a dio saad cas sececees. 1 ON era tee Nan 4 | taeda ee Day 1 Reece
AE eS es Boas ease ce comes 1 | 3, 400 | TS SOAs sos ocins|kcaaerwacae 3, 400 18, 360
BOO Ui eee Aso s oc tacecinacwaeccde 1 | POG! | Miao) GL On ee eecsclar| etae ae arse 5, 633 28,315
LM) eee Sar eee Sete Se As PoP LO ts Yall ae eee Pe eel eae ee Meg oem ote S01 ieee Beene

134 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON Exrt River, CAL., IN SPECIFIED YEARS.

SS — eee

Chinooks.
Number ee
Year. ofcan- |—
Waele Cases. Value.
|

Sy eee ee eR Sa ere ent eee 1 8,500 | $51,000
US 18 ae ect Secncia s SOR os CRASS reper Siete siete atmcataneiehatatarata ele) starata yee eet reper 1 10, 500 56, 700
[RRO aaha ot oS oe eel i a ope oe ee ere il 6;250)|222 Seaeee
OLOGY he tn Soe eae ae is etry a eae aa cee toa et ee een 1 6,000 22 ae

Pack oF CANNED SALMON ON THE SACRAMENTO RIVER, FROM 1864 To 1905.

Year.

Number
of can-
neries.

Cases

packed.a Value.

Number
Year. of can- ae Value.
neries.
DS G4 ee eek eee oc il 77101000 enna
NEG sc hace swe e 1 2 000K ees eee.
1S66-2O) i oeene nase als sataedes| soe e= oo een seeecces
S674 = Cry 2 leben s Pe oe eee. qeeeeest ee
STS Ges aes aga feet cel | MNO cee ISS Pecan llevar Reape
VS60 ow). Soe Jelec.c B|nxakmacinns ele usenelceeoess ss
eT) Pee Sess oat sl Gon ate cc ate |p eons = ere ee
Tee cad Os Nas eco tec alk eeals sisters ema eerie
See Re eos A teas cee a une aeeees snes
TRB e reac Meee ns cela he oettellneee see. pokes See
Ref: Galata, Mens enna Kekona fm 25000) |Seene ease
TS DbS-6 witecie ae sel etm ae a Ear ORO00" [ex ees Nese
S76 Shek tate oe See 2 TO {000 Woon. oscars
WS ose aie ce see ean a4 21 500:) 22 22a sece
STS Bee ona: oe See 6 34,017 $183, 692
TS 9Gs 2 Noe Sed st ec eas 4 13,855 59,577
TSS e 22 ote Ae 9 62/000" |222.-5 see.
TSS1C ooo aee eee ese 181, 200. |2.22552.52
TSS Bie. tens fies 19 200), 000)| nc ivsdecncc
0-1. en ee 21 U8 T0802 (ae ene
HS eerie ene |r a ees oe StS 4b0u) oe. Seta
LSS eae oe Renee 6 SO}O00 WES Sse 5 266

36, 500
68,075

13, 387
38, 543
29,731
32, 580
39,304
17,500
14,043
8, 200
14, 407
2,780

|1,352, 855

a All were quinnat or chinook salmon.

Pack or CANNED SALMON IN ALASKA, BY DISTRICTS, FROM THE INCEPTION OF THE

INDUSTRY.

Southeast Alaska.

Central Alaska.

Can-

Ia l-
neries. Pack.

Cases.
8, 159
12,530
6,539
8,977
11,501
20, 040
‘22,189
16,728
18, 660
31, 462
81, 128
141, 760
142,901
156, 615
115, 722
136, 053
142,544
148, 476
262, 381
271, 867
251, 385
310, 219
456, 639

Cree CO He Ret ee bo bo

See

AOOOOOWINDAIR WWD

—

Can-
neries.

Pack.

461, 451
421, 300
511, 367
295, 496
399, 815
435, 052
327,919
485, 990
382, 899
395, 609
356, 095
492, 223

a Experimental pack.

Western Alaska. > Total.
Can- Can- fi
neries. Pack. neries. Pack.
Cases Cases.
i. sha ahe | pecreeemeeeine P) 8, 159
Te pede a |eceecaenteiis 2 12,530
Ra ee ees 1 6,539
aes) ete Ree Pred 1 8,977
See ee en 3 21,745
Re ert Meee ss 6 48, 337
ii a 400 @ 64, 886
1 14, 000 6 83,415 *
3 48, 822 9 142, 065
3 72,700 10 206, 677
4 89, 886 16 412,115
4 115, 985 nye 719, 196
4 118, 390 35 682, 591
5 133, 418 30 801, 400
2 63, 499 15 474,717
3 107, 786 22 643, 654
4 108, 844 21 686, 440
6 150, 135 23 626, 530
8 218, 336 29 966, 707
7 254,312 29 909, 078
7 318, 703 30 965, 097
9 411, 832 oo 1,078, 146
12 599, 277 42 1,548, 139

ey

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

135

Pack or CANNED SALMON IN ALASKA, BY DISTRICTS, FROM THE INCEPTION OF THE
Inpustry—Continued.

Southeast Alaska. Central Alaska. Western Alaska. Total.
Year. - ‘aaa we ie a _ i te
Can- : an- Sane van- : an- Sate

neries. Pack. neries. Pack. neries. Pack neries. Pack.

Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases.
110) Eis ee 21 735, 449 13 562, 142 21 719, 213 55 2,016, 804
WH ee tayeaie rere siers saree aces 26 906, 676 12 583, 690 26 1, 046, 458 64 2,536, 824
15 9 ee ea 21 642, 305 12 417,175 27 1, 186, 730 60 2, 246, 210
EO eters aioe necro rere e,a00 12 569, 003 Ain) 499, 485 32 885, 268 55 1, 953, 756
Ut (a eee 3 433, 607 9 371, 755 25 1, 089, 154 AT 1,894,516
WG Sse = 22 cim co erecre cies 20 767, 285 8 473, 024 19 978, 735 47 2, 219, 044
TINE (ae a peo 22 887, 503 8 522, 836 IS 759, 534 48 2,169,873
Oars see Sc .02e apd 23 1,011, 648 8 425,721 19 1, 169, 604 50 2, 606, 973
POO ese BAS os 19 852, 870 8 391, 054 18 1,151,553 45 2,395,477
149 5 (0) 2S SEs ee ee 23 1,066, 399 10 432,517 19 914, 188 52 2,413, 054
10) (7) [eee © mea 10, 647, 220 |........ 10 LOD, Tao nce.voces p Dey 21 ay 0 ee 33,569, 671

1 |
Pack oF CANNED SALMON IN ALASKA FROM 1898 To 1910, BY SPECIES.
Coho, or silver. Dog, or chum. Humpback, or pink.
Year. 2

Cases. Value. Cases. Value. | Cases Value.
TESS) Ss ee BRAT a ease ce cas Se! bor: a LOSSES ole. ax cc eres
110218 ICSE oo ea B02402) | oteo ws wane 1S ee eres 149,159 |............
HN) 2 te ekeg a he oo else ae OU DBAS | ieeccrerara fetes ate e405 1 2 (ee ae ee Woe ee \o53 2 ees
La ee ee G5,5090). -cicgecasn AT AGAROSE cos ccbease ray oe 7 Gl eens mee
NOR ee ho os cic ae, feed eae Oi) || Satee aes tae pitt i ee §49, 602 |............
Ty BS Gan ane ry Se a 120, 506 30,052 |...........- GON; (Oo Sco 5 oe
U2 a ae ee ee 85, 741 7A 17a eee ee 290.338. |osccsccee...
ise Ff Sach At.) ee 67,394 $215, 875 41,972 $113, 056 168, 597 S498, 194
US SV Se en ye ee 109, 141 382, 109 254, 812 730, 235 348, 297 1, 046, 951
BEES fee ee set lac munis, « etidinioe | 85, 190 337. 384 184, 173 547, 757 561,973 1, 799, 280
TSG Re Re ie eee eee 68, 827 274, 089 218, 513 554, 197 644, 133 1, 733, 379
LEE EE ae Saree 5, SE ee ea | 56, 556 231, 029 120, 712 274, 110 464,873 1,114, 839
1120 (1) Se oer ee 114, 026 559, 666 254, 218 773, 409 554, 322 1,764,055

King, or spring. Red, or sockeye. Total.
Year. = aa es

Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
eM ee scale Saige es JO RGR tt Shes oe ToesOG) lew e a s 5 DGS 007 ilar k cee oe
SM ie 8S 5 se aad 29400) Poe ooc cee ee 864,204 | oc acces 35078; 146} 2.22. ost
RE ereiammima ree aaa: 22/2 Seana Che oe eee ee TlOT 406i S <2 5 oe 3 By (ot ee ae
i 5) Se ea 435000 eet ecco es lis 8 es 85) ene 2016, 804 |2.--g62262-.
(oS a a DOSLOA. |S cpecre cree 1,685,546 |........-... BOO0 ost lus osecncee se
LDS oS es AY. U0! | vader 2aee os LOB Tees los asc ceo Se PAGL ALON |p eetoceraay eee
1 eee 415956) || scnecseseet L505, 048) | -2gne2- ce 1,953, 756 |..........--
LAL) Se Saat oe ane ee 42,125 $141, 999 1,574,428 | $5,335, 547 1,894, 516 $6, 304, 671
SPH eres pee Se are Se eS yw cha 30, 834 116, 222 1,475, 961 5. 620, 87! 2,219, 044 7,896, 392
Li 0 (ee ee re 43, 424 181,718 1, 295,113 5,915, 227 2,169, 873 8, 781, 366
BI Rete eS hes nace ds Savernicvsrers 23,730 99, 867 1,651,770 7,524, 251 2,606, 973 10, 185, 783
iS Ee ee 48, 034 207, 624 1, 705, 302 7,610. 550 2,395, 477 9, 438, 152
TAS 11S at ee ee 49,221 214, 802 1, 450, 267 7,774, 390 2,413,054 11, 086, 322

136

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Pack oF CANNED SALMON IN British COLUMBIA SINCE THE INCEPTION OF THE
INDUSTRY, BY WATERS.

Num-
Year ber of | Fraser Skeena Rivers Nass | Vancouver Feat ath Total
‘ can- River. River. inlet. River. Island. Aten 2
neries 5

Cases. Cases Cases. Cases Cases Cases Cases.
2 DATS | Re eee Rall eo Senne Saree eS reel ee eee ee ere ee ree ene 7, 247
5 55, 387 SCD | reece secre reecs| ee ere es ee ete ern nee el hres etree 58, 387
8 81.446 85500! svc ood- eesti) cess wecaiera|k See oe celle cen cee mee 89, 946
yg 50, 490 LOX 603% | 80.2 2 apes ae eee eects all serene hae sec see eee ore mane 61, 093
9 42,155 TONG 94 ale ae cere tell crare cle etoecine | Noe Seas ce 4 | eee eee 61, 849
11 142,516 Die AGO, | es sate se eee | ees Ds O00! eeesae ace 169, 576
16 199, 204 24,522 5, 635 6,500 W600 pases eee 240, 461
20 105, 701 OL lod 10, 780 9, 400 G;A000 | See cea 2 163, 438
l4 34, 037 53, 786 20, 383 8,500 700022 eeepeezace 123,706
9 89, 617 12 O00 Gio xee ie See ne eee 6;000) bs. 2 dheecee 108,517
16 99,177 37, 587 LS O00" | cece ccna {20082 2= seen eyys 152, 964
20 130, O88 58, 592 EEO). le tee wearer ere Ses ee eee a 204, 083
1888........ 21 76, 616 70, 105 20, 000 12,318 DO) O00 Wesco cece 184, 040
T8895 srascraiatonn 28 310, 122 58, 405 21,722 19, 800 Le O2e|k === se eee 417,211
1890.0. Se. 33 244, 352 91,645 33,500 24,700 11,060 6, 000 411, 257
1} ee 38 177, 989 77, 057 36, 500 11,058 3.850 8, 057 314,511
TOV ae eases 36 98, 491 90, 750 14, 955 26, 100 4,300 14, 125 248,721
TRS) coaces 44 474, 237 59,021 35,416 15, G80 8,098 17,750 610, 202
1894.2. 02522 42 363, 566 61, 005 40, 161 205000" bo. cececce 7,500 492, 232
USGneem asta 49 432, 920 69, 356 58,575 20, 541 3, 300 3,000 587, 692
TSO6. eee 56 375, 344 97, 863 107, 473 14, 649 7,903 14, 550 617, 782
ity eee 65 879, 776 61,310 40, 090 20, 000 13, 807 12, 200 1, 027, 183
1898). ois%%-<.2% 67 264, 225 80, 102 105, 362 20, 000 12,539 10, 323 492,551
SOOM cas Soe 6S 527, 396 112, 562 76, 428 19, 442 12, 150 17,541 765,519
1900........ 69 331, 371 135, 424 74, 196 20, 200 17, 102 28, 247 606, 540
190452 Sos os 78 998, 913 125, 845 66, 794 15, 004 11, 005 29,651 1, 247, 212
TOD exces 69 327,197 155, 936 70, 298 237212 16, 4382 34, 086 627, 161
W903 cee cs a 61 237, 162 98, 688 69, 389 18,094 12, 360 38, 154 473, 847
1904.2... 02¢ 51 128, 903 154, 869 94, 292 29,587 14, 888 43, 355 465, 894
190D e222 23 64 846, 998 114,085 83, 122 By pa 50, 975 39, 917 1, 167, 822
G06 s cdc... 2% 59 226, 744 162, 420 122, 878 32,534 40,511 44,343 629, 460
1900 (eee ake. 42 163, 116 159, 255 94, O64 31, 832 76, 616 22,576 547, 459
1908.......- 50 89, 184 209, 177 75, 090 46,908 83,918 62, 026 566, 303
1009 S22 ocer dls2acoct 567, 230 142, 740 91,014 40, 990 58, 954 92, 132 993, 060
1k) oeeenee [Beers aera 223, 148 222,035 129, 398 39,720 53, 964 92, 565 760, 830
Notalel\a222- 9, 402, 095 2,891, 557 1, 623, 718 579, 494 560, 794 638, 098 15, 695, 756

PICKLING INDUSTRY.

The salmon-pickling industry was so overshadowed by its giant
brother, the canning industry, that statistical data, except for Alaska,
were found in extremely fragmentary shape, and only that portion is
shown relating to Alaska from the time of annexation to 1909.

Pack or SALTED SALMON IN ALASKA, 1868 To 1909.

Salmon. Salmon bellies. | Dry-salted salmon.

Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. | Pounds. Value.
2,000 $16,000 le ceszeen. G24) sense ceo | Lee ae lla
1, 700 131600: vce be foe SMe ce ses staeeeere le AOS Se. 5ikietene | rote a aio eee
1, 800 1 OO ne hee AER Re reo Veto ca toceélonseneeeeeee
700 6,300" cakek oe se ocala ec ee ee ee bee
1, 000 9.000 eee sea] a IE SNS eae
900 15200) poeot ces 26,4) oe Ua oe tel oe rene | te ee
1, 400 AT, 200 |) wes seek je cliawestct odes tl oee€ toate |e ce eee
1,200 9600 sicicjee-cteeerciare| arora atetetee= Its oioS%s Slace\eispavel [fe foy choked ear
1, 800 TAY 400 CUS Be er he o|e eh ese Wetahro ete micte eal | Rte ee eee
1,950 15; COO} Se here 2s oan elke copstseseecee | ctee.e. 32 Stren lt oeacere seers
2, 100 1G; SOO! | Sate eae | See Pees ae Teck cs ce | ease eee
3, 500 283 OOO: | ic phe SR I ate ete he | Sis ae
3, 700 29, 600 300 $35,500" |b aceee ee a ee eee
1, 760 TBs SAO se sctes eet = | ee ete A 5 ae |
5, 890 53010) asc cloowys ane Seon ean eee

1

re ee

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

137

Dry-salted salmon.

Value.

5, 500
16, 180
115, 643
16, 969
1, 505
416
1,038
554

168, 033

Pack or Sattep SatMon In ALASKA, 1868 To 1909—Continued.
Salmon. Salmon bellies.
Year. - =
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Pounds.
EBSe3hy cee Cetera a? nS aera wale ete esse 7,251 SON ZOU E2222 2 ocsecllM acta ce acer ag Boe Sissi
12S ne 6, 106 GDR Woe ee PP otal Seat ea eke eee ee eee
SS woseccoes oes tee aes 3, 230 DO O71 Ot he ok te nee nase see ete lace = aaa
NBS Geren Sa. 2s salon aacrstas 4, 861 CSS air (alee ree ete peeges SR oe et (Ee
DBS Caetano bes ol Ae cima mim ec.sisie 3,978 DO eU es aes selene clase © somes eae eet seen
Lee eer Mars faye her icin c sianne 3 at a 9, 500 SH DOO We oe occ yeeros sae secretes Need oo setae is
SS Sete ace nee Sesto 6, 457 BS OG) ai sass at ease oem aslo eee e ne
erty Wa Gin. tania caer 18, 039 DGB SS Woo, coc ose oc) 5 actos ea Seal aioe mitre
1 Re y2) LENS Pe 9 ene oe ene ara ee 8, 913 (L004! locke ated fie cakes ee eeew= Sashes
WUE: alecisiats 5 s,0'5 sce Saree asta ws 17, 374 140, 057 POLO eee oe eee
NBO de sees s Soe c eee ce saewas< bees 24, 005 T2OK0Sa) eee soe |b teeters [eae ee ees
elt a a a ee eee 32,011 P76 060 | on et ccxeSalseee esac ss aba ceoeaee= sal
DO Osxintis cece sicescieeee clones ne 14, 234 BO pAOe ILLS 2 Se accalsce wanaseasy ieee .c nak oe
PROUE ees icck AES Sonne fe,nec ke 9,314 65, 198 1 0 eee eee
1 ay 8 1/2 2 ae ee 15, 848 110, 936 aS 400) |= ose sine sare
RS OS oye gre See drarcicd Serna sind eee a are 22, 670 181, 360 SOO) fence oles
1a)! ) han eee ee 22, 382 167, 865 DOO) eae onein
115.0 ,0 aa eae Seer erars Sere eae 31, 852 238, 890 23, 530 511, 400
[L210 aes aera eee es 24, 477 171, 339 By Ol) | S532 eck eis
een Set oe eee el 30, 384 212, 688 7B yA ee ee
14210325 = eee en sh eee eee aan Sera 27,921 223, 368 32,973 300, 000
OSS se Pa ew olan arse atcha 13, 674 89, 209 1, 950 966, 812
1h) 0 Se eee ee 19, 071 143, 811 11, 355 7, 280, 234
4010 6 i eee er 17, 283 126, 194 13, 644 1, 107, 680
1S) a a eee 22, 307 208, 127 37, 422 107, 580
LO); eae, ee ee anna | 31, 472 266, 713 7, 600 85, 994 20, 800
GUS ae Patent Sectors ane pa cecid | 28, 443 183, 400 1,970 25, 358 71, 600
I ates os sre geete aS ook wre ema ane. 12,779 111, 634 1, 626 19, 007 22,178
Mata essa eee ee eae | 517, 238 3, 883, 988 28, 231 299,926 | 10, 388, 284

MILD CURING INDUSTRY.

The beginning of this industry on the Pacific coast is of compara-
tively recent date, and the following table is complete, with the pos-
sible exception of a few tierces, which may not have been reported
for the coastal rivers of Oregon:

NuMBER or Tierces or Mitp-CureD SALMON PACKED ON THE Pacrric COAST FROM
1897 To 1910.¢

Colum-
British] Puget | Grays |Willapa) bia |Coastal] Eel psa oe
Year. Alaska.| Colum-| Sound, |Harbor,|Harbor,| River, | rivers, | River, Rive O Baw Total.
bia. | Wash. | Wash. | Wash. | (both | Oreg. Cal. es oe Cat ,
sides). a be

Cy oe ee Laas Soe lec cel goer BOO) eer ae 28) ea Ea eee 400
ik (0) Bere eke ee Se eee (01) oe Ee eee eee eee Pee cea 770
1899........ TBOw eee ee - = ae es ert eee een E250) ieee Nae sae eee eee 1,755
LT) a ee anne eee eee Wo seccals i (| aera epee 950 |.......- 2,225
AGO ees ia. (ia eee GOO) =e ve se. eee 35 OOO Ee set eos bons 3,100 |........ 6, 767
14°10 2 see (3 Eee eel : 2 eae Roane ae ot | 4,213 i ee 2,325 504 1,722
(1 a’ og Se er oy ae eee Gite eee tee eee 3, 600 354 LLsb1T
1904 oo os cecs Same sce 1512) 0 arene | eee QOS he ceo k 200 4,719 248 15, 539
NGOS s.<<cjeiesase 189 Di a76. as OD Tere Wa ees 9,805 1h becews as: 2,979 310 17,873
POOGS 2 5 e023. 1,126 ODE eee alten ec eus 8, 000 740 175 en Wy | 510 13, 685
3 AO) 0 f eae ews De 6ar 1,993 2, 060 20 100 6,070 740 140 4,102 582 17, 464
1908........ 1,378 DOGO) Soest eae tes ee teats tae Seasciere yO 9d eee | ae 3, 243 252 10, 893
31) 2, 292 1,560 2,109 75 29 5,540 560 80 Op let 911 18, 267
HSIOE cece 3,357 | 1,688 | 2,435 Oa pees TaO2h me Ue BOB a | oe a 5,516 75 | 22,408

Total.| 10,375 8,383 | 12,703 537 129 | 68,948 4,041 595 | 37,822 3,746 | 147,279

a The net weight of fish in a tierce is about 800 pounds.

: King, chinook, or spring salmon were used al-
mostexclusively. From most places the dataare complete from the time of the inception of the industry,
but from a few minor places the data are somewhat fragmentary.

IX. TRADE WITH OUTLYING POSSESSIONS.

As a result of the war with Spain the United States in 1898 ac-
quired possession of Porto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine Islands,
while in the same year Hawail became a part of this country at its
own request, and in 1900 two islands of the Samoan group were ac-
quired by a partition agreement with Great Britain and Germany.
The trade with the Philippine Islands is shown to date in the tables
of exports and imports to foreign countries, but the trade with the
other possessions has been eliminated from these tables and shown
separately ever since their annexation to the United States.

HAWATI.

The islands constituting this Territory, owing to their reciprocity
treaty with this country for a number of years before annexation,
purchased their supplies of salmon from the United States almost
exclusively. In recent years the Territory has imported the following
quantities of salmon from the mainland:

|

| Canned.

, Allother,

Year. aaa ian — fresh or

| Pounds. | Value, | cured.

Value.
TOO (ese seta Sass sees ee Lad Sas See Oe een ne re ee in ee RRs A 1,126,217 | $89,286 $64, 232
NOOR nee cia cee eee its, ee eee mosh ey ea aie ee ae Retains Se ee ee | 965, 029 89,025 67, 143
nC 08 es ene greater eee rece ear RAE Ree ras © arn re ape a 1, 440, 410 121,716 73,848
BOT Oe arstaie ane etic cho aai oan cet See ne eee ee Gea ees ace one | 1,381,398 113, 526 72,194

PORTO RICO.

Of recent years, the following shipments of domestic salmon have
been made to this island:

Canned.
All other,
Year. SSS SS —| fresh or
Pounds. Value. cured.
Value.
604,627 | $53,916 $2, 893
512,038 48,195 1,428
381,171 34,777 3,810
511,055 43, 494 6, 243

a a ee eee Tae eas

SALMON FISHERIES CF PACIFIC COAST.

GUAM.

1

=

39

Since annexation, this country and Japan have been competing for
the trade of this island, which, in earlier years, Japan controlled quite

largely.
secured the advantage.

During the last two years, however, the United States has
The following table shows the extent of the

trade, which is made up almost entirely of salted or pickled salmon:

—~ = — - ~~ = 7 ——
Pickled salmon. | Fresh salmon.
Year and country. in scene Soa = SS a
| Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value
|
= a Se as i = eR
1905. |
CU aI 216 US 22) 1 ae Pg 1,415 BUM Ie cee yee ton oak
APRN ERM ea ees 5 cosas = Shc des ware euas wo cates sae ert tarot se 16, 526 PA re ee ee sae
| | |
1907 |
WILE CS tateseee a2 )-6 ee a nec e eeetines ae eaten eee eee eesen 3, 604 MS ORG ie oct eee... se
EAU VAY ent Ah ee Beton eranayy = oer ong So en cee ate | 19, 862 1 5530 Lo a ae ae ree eee ee
1908. | |
(Dai 2(0 bi 1 Pee te RE lca ye 7,406 623 900 $92
Eira baat el eter else ein ee alee teint See wae aioe 6,130 BOD icra stent staf beac ee
1999
WIMLTCOAS tatese= aaa: chs oes tae dee ee ec eee Sauen 10,779 MsU haa 8 22h 252 2. hese eee
BEEN ED eh M resets eA aha yea cee recall eee ahera te aan raew xe sei 4,295 344 [o-- 22 see eee e[eeceeneaes
1910.
UTP GLAS tS BR endl Sk ioe re se ee Cree | ene ee eee Leet. (eee
DADAMS een Sete cre cecal sine csicincieewddacsotocemce setaua Pate ae ee me IRIS rs ra daira oe

TUTUILA, SAMOA.

The customs statistics lump the imports of fish under

one general

heading, thus making it impossible to show separately the imports

of salmon.

X. FOREIGN TRADE IN SALMON.

As we do not consume all of the salmon produced by our fisheries,
it is necessary to find a foreign market for the surplus each season,
but as canned salmon has become one of the staples of the world, there
is not much difficulty in this respect, especially since our only compet-
itors are Canada and Japan. The latter has not yet become much
of a factor in the canned-salmon market, though she will as her fish-
ing operations areextended. There is more competition in the pickled,
fresh, and frozen markets, several European and Asiatic countries
being large producers of these goods, as is Canada also, for a consider-
able proportion of which she is compelled to find an outside market.

EXPORTS OF CANNED SALMON.

From the beginning of the industry a considerable proportion of the
salmon canned has been exported, especially of the higher grades.
In Europe the chief customer is Great Britain, taking about nine-
tenths of all sent to European ports. Great Britain does not, how-
ever, consume this quantity, for a considerable part of her importa-
tions are reexported. On the North American Continent and adja-
cent islands the best customers are Mexico, Panama, and the British
West Indies, in the order named. In South America, Peru, Argen-
tina, and British Guiana were the leading markets in 1910. In 1908
Chile imported 4,196,060 pounds; in 1909 the importations dropped
to 97,993 pounds, but increased in 1910 to 1,556,629 pounds. In
Asia, Hongkong and China import canned salmon, although neither
buys great quantities. The islands of the Pacifie and Indian Oceans
are large consumers. British Australasia took 5,474,818 pounds,
valued at $551,312, in 1910, and other good customers were the Brit-
ish Kast Indies and British, French, and German Oceania. In Africa
the British and Portuguese possessions are the largest importers.

The movements of these products are naturally often influenced
favorably or adversely as the tariffs of the various countries in which
they are marketed are raised or lowered.

140

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

141

The following table shows the yearly exports of domestic canned
salmon and the countries to which exported for the period frem 1906

to 1910, inclusive:

Exports, BY CounTRIES, OF Domestic CANNED SALMON, 1900 To 1910.

\
1909
Countries. =
Pounds Value.
North America:
Dominion of Canada—
Nova Scotia, New
TEST TESS WWIOH 1G (Cee oe | seg era, hee eee
Quebec, Ontario, Man-
ite, 6tC: 3.3... 24,137 | $2,514
British Columbia. . 382,811 33, 454
Newfoundland and Lab. |

MOT a e/ai aerate ayaa =| nan orci oa nines
Miquelon, Langley, etc...., 240 | 20

OIC eseictcdc os eae anes | 162,785 | 14,806
Central American States— |

British Honduras. .... 16,488 1,604
Costa Ricanss; .225425% 70,458 6,114
Guatemala << 22-5252 2, 666 277
Honduras............. 7,193 ties
Nicaragua............ 26, 647 2,684
DAIVACOL. 1. ccisececned 550 60
IBGMMUdA 2 concccacvscas ss 59, 672 6,158
West Indies—
DiiISits gariee stenctesicic < 259, 249 25,651
AMIS oa 500 cvcaates aos} 9,085 873
1D) birch See eee 13, 303 1,610
Wrench cs 222 36 csece 2 432 45
1S) eee 468 44
Santo Domingo....... | 2,764 297
(CUD ene ercia scorns. ec | 8, 406 786
OSLO RICO. ssssssce5-< 4,394 390
South America:
AN IEG yaa la ee eae acer 104, 367 8, 822
18X0) Diya trae ie eg enone (Penne eee | Prone te ee,
13) q31/4 1 pee eee ee Sen pee are 637, 638 76, 152
(Olan (ge ee ee soars 647,328 61,800
Molompia: =. .0t2 essence. 92. 868 9,075
1 D{ 0 (0 (0) en 8 5, 631
Guiana— |
pmitishes.<--2 5.) vee 168, 718 | 16,197
Duiichiseis=: 2s semense 43,096 | By
BYONCicc.sc.c.50sceteas 3,240 299
Ech) Lehre pay aia ee 75,621 | 7,392
RUIN SUA. eons me Se 2,837 285
Venezuela...-.....--.-..- 42,125 35.012
Europe:
Austria-Hungary........- 2,208 309
Azores, and Madeira Is-

HAMS 5 Seren dome socsne os 48 | i
IPT a san. cle ccce 31,118 3,186
IY ANINATK SE. 5. 2o% cece sce ce 24, 492 2,455
MPONCOreccnco-% cee bec aeé 22,544 2,130
WOUINIAILY s.cyerers tc =a cisioeecans 16,110 1,431
1 GLEN Neape e 120 10
IMalian(GOZ0 s@tG anaes cealdacOee te. slakeeeeboee ce
Netherlands.............. 3,048 299
ROVMISAl. Saaes- sees es as8 8 19,776 1,779
Russia, on Baltic and

WILE SOAS cease ae Maeee eos celnwcleencc! Loe sce
SSIS ceo esas yee] ects ec Fectececao see
Sweden and Norway...... 1,168 112
Switzerland............... 24 3
United Kingdom........- 18,820,453 1,870,004

Asia and Oceania:
NGG (21 0 lh ae 216 22
Chinese Empire.....-..... 40, 960 4,255
OHA =—-HUSSIAN see e nose |acesceh ev ceecllsacaceecrete oe
Honekon? 5-222. 025-5~~ 63, 210 6, 488
WADA boo an. ccc. cee lees 11,560 1,200
PROTORe 4 od = occa sacs.a dew maiewis ations |4.a comesarerees
IVUSSIA HA SISICseeceee acrmaltes sceccucn luassacs orcas
UTR O YAN ASIA = <5. cman sos | aoceecmenan.clsnccwcs ones
East Indies—
IBTIbISHE 2 cetdais sca cts 538, 180 55,976
Dutcher ae. Fes se clses Sus stews eee sls he wesc

1901 1902

Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
SiS a cima gaara Papel tc tain eal 9 hase os 10 $L
101 $10 22,442 2,493
1, 725,251 223,230 1, 866, 272 159, 682
en aera 810 73
"460,425 | 14,967] 387,905 | 31,041
19,331 2,054 23,467 2,370
69,135 6, 768 70,036 5, 954
11,361 1,151 15,325 1,324
7,681 776 4,924 498
21, 543 2,256 17,125 1,635
550 ita 1,828 161
63, 786 7,398 76, 456 7,768
315, 209 33,635 242,999 24,192
8,612 929 14, 526 1,390
16, 591 1,944 13,112 1,506
1,084 127 960 96,
595 65 920 88
1,899 192 Loe 140
20,407 1, 883 20,196 1,618
127,751 10, 916 88, 622 7,816
240 37 15,110 1,147
207,033 23, 506 87,800 8,350)
645, 323 64,059 384, 766 28, 529)
97,163 9,975 86,046 7,451
98, 587 10, 387 24, 937 1,868
136, 192 14, 807 146, 502 14, 604
61, 334 6,542 92,971 8,718
2,248 261 8,316 850
124, 823 12,526 313,476 24,444
9,408 | 933 1,016 104
66, 911 6,913 42, 436 4,026
ce eeeaee ot |= eemaawes sae 250 25
950 ODP EEE carats a2 | ao eee ns
5,800 600 336 39
3,168 326 860 92
61, 790 6,565 23, 956 1,889
77,921 7,567 10,905 1,068
2,496 po ah besiege eter eae eel A ect eet
141 DM | 252255 ches. bseeeceen ea
288 30 4,800 400
SEP ee ee Ee eee 336 35
ahah Se cers a orstate wala. o oe, 8,400 932
1, 536 151 675 67
720 70 72 8
31,722,853 | 3,219,196 | 30,632,961 | 2,620,729
"149,295 | 15,263 | 117,043| 8,716
20, 634 2,058 9, 460 712
78, 960 8,056 551, 860 40, 261
285, 036 28,990 14, 578 1,220
1,105 115 2,208 179
1,495 145 6, 572 521
144 1G |o-o2Secictee HS of oassecces
312,805 | 31, 528 733,685 56, 912
3,960 | 400 161, 940 12,093

Laz SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Exports, BY COUNTRIES, OF Domustic CANNED SaLmon, 1900 ro 1910—Continued.

a Guam was annexed to the United States in 1898.
> Hawaii was annexed to the United States in 1898.

¢ Tutuila was acquired in 1898.
d Panama separated from Colombia in 1903,

>
1900 1901 1902
Countries. | —
Founds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value
Asia and Oceania—Continued.
British Australasia. .....-.- 2, 804, 004 $283,110 3, 442,085 $343, 540 7,131, 641 $599, 671
British Oceania... /.4si2< 22] s32 224205 2ee some ot aececs aes Sees oes eee aeiee ane, 151, 998 10, 555
French Oceania.......-...- | 103, 940 10,732 1185355 7
German Oceania........-. lncameteseaenleaeesmame ans 8,480
GUAT Gi oko emac asians | 480 50") oteisccceces.
TET WHINO cee Soe caren | 860, 682 S47 808 1) ce escera iis
Philippine Islands........ 1,160 120 39,316
Tonga, Samoa, and all | |
Otlions see seease eee | 112,380 11,646 73,040
Nila cee emer ce | coceueeetee|! eceree tees pares oe
Africa: |
IBTITSH ATTICA. ..<:c255-nens a | 632,012 57,387 816, 433 79,663 | 2,581,088 219, 233
Canary Islands.........-.- [aren nie. rerainiaieiel| als a= crater 656 GG vn cc Sacer ctel eee cers eee
French Africa......-- aes, 4,320 421 | 4,080 415 200 21
TAD CTA adic c.oeen mae Bee a= 312 80) c2scdsccactslledctecancccelbeotesneeees Ce See eee
Portuguese Africa.......-- 47,812 4,696 35, 38 3,459 52, 726 4,931
AlWiother AtriCas..<..004--n)e-2-52= soa eens Sa REC ene oon leno cea meee: 6, 200 582
Motels 2.2252 ---.ssss--5 = | 27,082,370 | 2,693,648 41,289,500 | 4,230,271 | 47,173,114 3,991, 402
RECAPITULATION. |
BUtODCsecc252cecccua sect eewe | 18,941,109 1,881,725 31,877,663 3, 234,862 | 30,683, 551 2,625, 284
North America...........-..- | 1,051,808 98, 064 2,443,561 | 297,440 | 2,780,844 242,029
HOUth AMEriCa-< ...2405.ce4cn5 1,868, 225 192,918 | 1,577,013 160,862 | 1,291,998 107, 907
AES ieee es eee cee eters erie 654, 126 67, 941 853, 484 86, 571 1,597,346 120, 674
@Geanta [2 2e2e ek 2 sesso ee na 3, 882, 646 390,466 3,681,276 367,533 | 8,179,161 670, 741
ASTPIGH aoe sae eee eee eee 684, 456 62, 534 856, 553, | 83,003 | 2,640,214 224, 767
) |
1903 1904 1905
Countries. —7 aa
| Pounds. alue Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
North America: |
Dominion of Canada...... Witearere ates real eGe Sado /ais lan cena Geo ee 290, 850 $21, 121
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, GG. .2e-||.csescotee selec ee aseeres 49 4 |. cic 8 Sel ee copes
Quebec, Ontario, Man-
itoba, ete......22..- 43,107 $5,171 153, 697 OV 558 |x. accicseene weeaeee eats
British Columbia... .. 3, 246, 082 287, 212 1,086, 370 955021) |. 2 sc.22c2taec|Ssoseecaseete
Newfoundland and Lab-

TAC OR 2 Seyeae see Sees ans [eaten cae eseoSucweene| Sos eaenes weleeer (eee asec 240 25
Me@xiCO! <<a toces..esc sce | 356,951 26, 787 538, 949 38, 691 493, 371- 40, 597
Central American States— |

British Honduras. .... | 24, 187 2,316 28, 044 2, 534 28, 959 2, 534
Costa Rica............| 36, 806 3,072 58, 828 4, 668 93, 580 8,179
Guatemala............ Byo27 295 15, 732 1,131 20, 498 1, 583
Honduras............- 7,455 716 12, 428 1, 090 14, 434 1, 221
NiGara cide... 50- 22552 20, 089 aK AL 28, 159 2,394 42, 103 3, 146
anand 2c .s2s2caac (Yao ae eee nee eee oe 18, 466 1, 671 112, 320 9,211
Salvador... ..). 2.22.2 3, 360 252 4,304 326 2, 296 184
Bernd ee. ee 64, 264 6, 792 36, 022 3,778 33, 821 3, 6384
West Indies—
UE eS eee 418, 636 38, 434 409, 219 37, 389 366, 747 34, 262
(JaNISM 22cm oes 9, 647 903 7,442 (pe: 9, 474 965
Dts wee ease aoe 22,981 2,480 17,878 1, 999 13, 051 1,419
RrenGhs 2 ods on ses ees 892 92 984 86 660 64
HET Elen ee one 2,496 238 2.115 228 distal 164
Santo Domingo....... 3, 290 335 7,660 719 4,855 452
Cuba fees ee aascen 21, 636 1,789 24, 677 2,324 36, 903 3, 373
South America:
AT OCT As tee sete ee 72, 445 6, 808 66, 275 6, 612 120, 586 11, 263
IBGMINIG: 4 trem ooo 2k eee 384 40 672 80 170 17
1857 Al Meee oe aS ee es 88, 740 8, 481 114, 033 11,742 1881342 17,908
GHiletat 5 ae ser comme 1, 044, 490 59, 354 1, 218, 266 72,205 821,171 56, 160
Colom bid. < se \5:.-1.c226de=54 149, 272 11,194 118, 269 10, 104 81, 239 7,491
MCUs Or? fe eee ees 45, 126 3,115 59, 266 4,041 121, 894 7,941
Guiana—
BritiShes. sot <<25 Geese 172, 300 16, 829 112, 360 11, 226 135, 424 13, 617
DUtchen 2.2. cesses 52, 138 4,959 78, 464 8, 280 45, 231 4,797
TEN CH ee cn sreecen cess 18, 752 1,805 11, 169 1,307 11, 684 1, 228
REN oa bcs eos ce cemem ee 89, 440 7,309 214, 982 15, 530 151, 832 11, 369
ALO fiigb Fen b [chi / ema eat earns yaar 2,140 185 2, 246 225 3, 250 325
Venezuela..........-.---- | 20, 987 1, 839 59, 857 5,981 28, 005 2, 825

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 143

Exports, BY COUNTRIES, OF Demesuia CANNED Saumon, 1900 ro 1910—Continued.

a Sweden and Norway separated in 1905.

101379°—11——10

1903 1904 1905
Countries. = ae =
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds Value
Europe:
Austria-Hungary......--- 400 $25 384 } Ee ee eee Mee eee ee
Azores, and Madcira Is-
ETI US meeeterse pone cce heel eases eel a oto se eee 48 5 384 $41
Bele UMS as Ss. 2S Seed 788 73 480 53 9, 760 1,019
M@NMAavke525.s60s.0c0cece 80 8 100 iy eee tersecsenrcrall ee evens areroraie
IRTANCO use Senet cent c ates 2, 400 260 4, 800 600 21,995 2, 262
GeImmiablviencaece socom neces 32, 268 2,470 18, 790 1,747 1, 210 122
Rtalivee ees Sacco cise oes 1, 120 114 5, 232 556 5, 760 465
Netherlands. ............. 1,072 124 4,072 414 3, 250 349
INOGWSYG. cess ena cece ned 96 10 1, 440 TSO RO 2 tit) es saree aoe
(S]0\2) Loe eer 3, 108 316 1, 400 140 2, 700 249
VCO ON screen feo one th vetoes [aicineeecmmee 70 7 96 10
Switzerland............... 240 DAS he ee POR Pea ae a Pee eee a emer
United Kingdom......... 35, 369, 196 3,121,774 | 33, 555, 080 2 505, 102 | 21,026, 108 1, 872, 992
Asia and Oceania:
S363 (oh a1 Ae PRISE Bet hearers SOU RV Nine P| De ary Same a Ree a nae rere Ieee oe 2, 520 180
Chinese Empire........... 166, 522 13, 602 218, 142 18,770 249, 386 17, 587
China—Russian........... 53, 368 LiL 40, 000 6; 902 ldeccer@uw cc nodeecenee ar
HTON KONG. a cicectocciescc 22 814, 008 56, 225 160, 367 11,870 518, 423 36, 635
APA eorsial oe ercicyelsaienertociass 13, 536 1,015 | 11,817, 343 841, 461 2,437, 484 162, 524
LEC) ey: a a ce a 2,152 179 3, 888 292 2,572 186
Russia, Asiatic............ 48 4 482 AY 22.2 et not|2eeckis cases
RL ELT eI relia roe re fess ||| rere ee Sia | cra ag, SreregG | [ens ee Siete aera | Page siels epetatesn’s 384 31
East Indies—
IBTIGISH: 22 cece nce scene 473, 740 39, 367 636, 3 44, 669 673, 897 55, 599
HaATiG Litas see ae Sa ees Se ee cern <u eee ees ee S| onsite sho drere 720 69
WICH Secee Sek: 235, 680 19, 256 119, 216 9,018 109, 476 7,893
All other Asia... .- 240 24 10 i A ee ees Pee eee
British Australasia. ....... 4, 268, 652 360,720 | 3,136,728 290, 307 4,075, 094 389, 518
British Oceania.........-.. 36, 018 2, 290 28, 670 1,941 42, 624 3, 645
French Oceanja.........-. 153, 696 12,179 185, 848 15, 305 133, 204 11, 414
German Oceania.......... 451, 824 26,614 340, 464 19, 326 324, 888 20, 651
Me Philippine Tslandsssac-s<: 601, 324 42,702 206, 896 14,970 681, 636 42,700
Tica:
British Africa............. 1, 454, 226 127,921 794, 758 77,911 | 1,259, 269 121, 120
Canary Islands............ 144 Lint ee Se 3 hoes | pareiareroeee 900 90
French Africa............- 2, 220 207 3, 200 320 4, 800 460
MDOT Wee a a means os see 384 41 140 14 140 14
Portuguese Africa........- 167, 964 17, 043 137, 640 13, 906 200, 826 20, 365
Turkey in Africa—Egy pt -|.-----2+20--|--+22+-+20-- 388 30 2, 448 204
All other Africa. .........2 | 5, 200 OGD eae geek 2 Noth iaee atin ec eee ele ae
NCO | CE ee eae 50, 353, 334 4,350,791 | 55,924, 278 5, 224, 598 | 35,066, 555 3,035, 469
RECAPITULATION |
UNO PO cca eseiieccascuece S28] 35, 410, 768 3, 125,197 | 33, 591, 896 3, 508, 818 | 21,071, 263 1, 877, 509
North America.............--. 4, 285, 406 378,655 | 2,446,023 204, 363 1, 565, 773 132, 134
South America..............-. 1, 756, 214 121, 918 2,055, 859 147, 333 1, 708, 828 134, 941
ANGIE Soe ae ae ee 1, 759, 294 134, 783 | 12,995, 768 930, 054 3,994, 862 280, 704
(OETA ee 5, 511, 514 444, 505 3, 898, 606 341, 849 5, 257, 446 467,928
iin Oe ee eee 1, 630, 138 145, 733 936, 126 92,181 1, 468, 383 142, 253
1906 1907 1908
Countries.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
|
North America:
Dominion of Canada....-- 236, 664 $14,814 793,247 $65,356 | 7,320 $587
MexICO ste 8 ce te 2 699, 002 56, 747 877, 989 73,582 | 1,068,824 94,278
Central American States—
British Honduras. .... 43,155 3,639 36, 020 3,214 | 32, 632 3,080
Costa Rica...........- 106,879 8, 968 148, 157 12, 260 138, 421 12, 260
Guatemala.........--- 26, 925 1,989 31,242 25000.) 29,777 2,319
TONG ULaS eon hoe 15, 148 1,319 23, 508 2,048 33,955 3, 202
INICATASUE. <.<oceienc- ee 39,949 3,022 41,106 3,335 27,721 2,302
PANAMA Oeics oooiarcicls 308, 624 25,965 443 , 687 38, 642 487,079 46, 883
DSLVAC OLS o= xo decmnicn x 2,880 197 4,092 331 5, 854 467
BEIM oae cewe<io'sascce oa 24,679 2,406 29,139 2,711 25, 183 2,579
West Indies—
IBTIISN = Asvc cee Sees: 471,814 43,368 515, 664 46,510 687, 620 64,275
DATUISHS ek Se accijoeeies 9,713 1,011 13,336 1,340 15, 604 1,658
IDG. <ioseace=cen< = 11,643 1, 230 24,275 2,428 21,368 2, 234
MOON CW aie ocacienasae sss 200 20 100 9 96 il
ein eee eee ere 2,953 291 914 91 864 -'85
Santo Domingo....... 11, 688 1,137 9,278 891 13, 887 1,371
(O13 0 eee ee eae 57, 441 §, 823 60,904 5,855 57,970 i

b Panama separated from Colombia in 1903,

144 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Exports, By CouNTRIES, OF Domestic CANNED Satmon, 1900 To 1910—Continued.

1906 1907 1908
Countries. ;
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. | Value.
South America:

PATS OM UIN Ys cca cnasiou sales eels 200, 206 $20, 339 262, 667 $25, 801 394, 306 $30, 759
BOvMVIG : c.ceeecs+-costces- 1,720 181 18,951 Loa 11,762 1,217
IBTAZNE cc ceseecace oe eee 188, 278 18,975 150, 592 14, 880 146, 826 14,055
Chil@2 s2.22sce08.Ja224 520056 4,462, 147 154,396 | 4,168,876 286, 229 4,196,060 295, 194
Golombiae 2: 4-26. -2c5 3-5 5= 51, 987 4, 667 41,964 3,850 51,786 4, 880
NGUad Ol eaceenceco senses 80,876 5,855 203, 930 15, 599 174,920 12, 486
Guiana—

IBribiShe seesee seen eee 120,016 12,391 116, 120 12, 202 140, 514 16,014

DutChi: tanecsnshcssese 65, 654 6, 246 66, 530 6, 494 59, 390 6,053

Hrenchisas «522-2 ssc552 12,650 1,305 17,950 1,829 23,218 2,599
IPBTUE> Se See ene ac ccee sete 269, 858 20, 342 551, 160 40,431 316, 701 22, 229
Ummenay 2 .soss2ssstesces 10, 436 1,075 | 16, 124 1,546 17,934 1, 693
Vienezuela..csaciseeccssese 35,775 3, 280 44,826 4,336 37, 583 3, 564

Europe:

Austria-Hungary...-....-- 1, 260 135 1, 220 LIQ ec2.05 coe seid aaeeeee eee
Azores, and Madeira Is-

PANGS. 2 3 Sere seesras ected: teas etatcee|smecwesateaee 883 SOV osdobwadice kl 5 a ee
Belpium..2s2h-2-.2ecasac8 500 BOi|s2o23 cc ccons|se0c3en5205s (e882 asgeeene Seeeeee eee
DCNMATK cc ceicecss stew os 40, 200 ra Fi 1 ne oe | Re ees ieee eA Peewee See.
BYANCE: «nin ce sieves csc aisissice 29, 980 OOOO! | eacctats gore ces Sere sie erste a= 10,575 961
Germany ...2 cecesec os see. 4,896 420 9,150 976 45,977 4,572
Ttaliyzncedsaceonsect cet eee 4,920 413 10, 230 SOL. Ss2< see ad \osnce.c ee
Malta, Gozo, etc..-..----- 420 BG see Secee cee lees sisters alone ace ceed Pate
Netherlands........----.- 8, 280 959 11,098 850: [occ -ac cscs ne soe eeeeeae
NOD WAY 2 erates soae eos 40, 200 Os OBL |loseece Se eaee |S aaeseeeae 17,670 1,860
POTCUPEL Sisco dain eee Sasase sloste soe e ek pee ceca ee ee os em aricice Scere en stces 1,507 731
SPsINe see stescgekee os eee 1,930 193 3,208 303 27,900 2,035
SWeden Oso se ess.ccaneees 10,000 LSNS5O | sewtenae ec ees lace sesea ee 10, 500 1,000
United Kingdom......... 31,918,816 | 2,739,284 | 7,720,991 788, 245 | 13, 200, 887 1,193, 516

Asia and Oceania:
51,40 (35 6 ee eee eT 480 BOK) S2osiscen cnrce's| to asemstie «2-4 ae Seems eee| hee
Chinese Empire.........- 32,189 2,321 59, 110 4, 386 23,126 2,154
INONSKONE ec conse oe <ciee- 105, 581 7,652 122, 482 9,959 144, 624 13, 367
JaPaNon cc sccnccdscctsecees 9,051 713 22,881 1,775 2,472 269
TROT samen a toes = ene 1, 632 128 1,500 129 1,156 126
Russia, Asiatic.......-..... 1, 440 102 770 84 582 65
TOTS a acetemett hacuce neo eae e el Sas cctree eee 1, 440 90 3,264 282
Turkey in Asia..<.....2..< 750 90 bene cee eal ance meen 290 30

East. Indies—
BTiS D Ae seee eee hens 477, 234 38, 263 | 1,043,618 75,001 702, 169 59, 254
HrenChas. 52.2.2 ese 16, 262 G2: |e eee eras ener ee 720 75
DOC ieee ee 134,796 9, 692 167, 590 13,940 126, 168 11, 286
British Australasia. ....... 5, 230, 076 426,814 | 5,451,378 462,648 | 3,654,756 330, 029
British Oceania.........-- 11,952 923 40, O80 2,958 14, 660 1,278
French Oceania..........- 125, 998 10, 274 137, 472 11, 494 185, 608 15,732
German Oceania.........- 214, 920 14, 503 156, 939 11, 267 105, 696 8, 345
a Philippine Islands........ 757, 400 56, 743 933, 288 63,838 | 1,171,834 84, 533

rica:
(British; Agrica.s +... 2222 -nr = 1,029, 787 87,881 504,848 47,748 454, 892 43, 883
Canary Islands............ 782 76 144 Yl een PAR ne
Mrench Africa. .... <2... | 144 0) A rere |e Re 48 6
German Africa............ BERS ES Sa Se Renee seine 600 (01 eee PRR eer eas
DONA Sac secs tno Sake co ecene nee ieee le en Oa nallas cae ae ak ool ames eee 5,079 482
Portuguese Africa......... 161,178 16,001 104, 837 10,307 83, 640 8,325
Turkey in Africa—Egypt - 2, 400 QO0 | 20.0 deccccecstee bears acig.cd)| soe oct ee eee eee
ROtGUE Seo oaae oe ee 45,944,414 | 3,847,943 | 25,218,105 | 2,183,049 | 28, 226,045 2, 438, 518
RECAPITULATION.

WUTOPC s.2.5-5aeenet se ace 32,061,402 | 2,753,643 | 7,756,780 791,436 | 18,321,086 1, 205, 375
North America). 32 acces25 eee 2,069,357 171,946 | 3,052,658 261,138 | 2,654,175 | - 242,879
South America.......... Sees 3, 4991603 249,052 | 5,659, 690 414,774 | 5,571,000 410, 743
ASIA S crac ca cetacie noon ieee 779, 415 60, 173 1, 419, 391 105, 364 1,004, 571 86, 908
OCEANIA Soe o nace et eee eee 6, 340, 346 509, 257 6,719, 157 552,205 | 5,131,554 439,917
BAT ICA oo ans ace ce seh sce 1,194, 291 103,872 610, 429 58, 132 543, 659 52, 696

@ Sweden and Norway separated in 1905.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 145

Exports, By COUNTRIES, OF Domestic CANNED Satmon, 1900 ro 1910—Continued.

| 1909 1910
Countries. — : — = a
| Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
| | - ies
North America: |
Dominion of Canada............-.-..-.-- € 229,934 | 21,773 99, 022 $7,570
IMG SAGO 2 Suraiop cess siancta ae slalous aataa saidce see 756, 052 58, 124 697, 217 50, 782
Central American States—
British HOnduUras. . oh esesece ce stele 35,195 | 3,261 28,310 2,606
Costa ne Sy apiatc ey sttia erdym Grea ie vsesretereiare Sapa ore 118, 266 9,828 157,946 12, 237
WAUUHIBIIR hae 6 oc oct Se basiceec ecb eeceme 13,957 1b 16, 821 1,361
Honduras eee 14,112 1,179 16,240 1,361
CEE cco so sates, tate cow Sapa a aim ras alm ash ccal at 21, 534 1,656 28,116 2,066
ae Ph Me Sena She ahs yeas aisle Seine SMR AOS se a 50, 940 482,717 45, 404
aIVaOOE sao soac5s ste ten coon eek 2 9,18 754 5, 498 423
Boece hel tates Seu eh aioe aencan le oSaneie as 23,774 2,461 26, 484 2,383
est Indies—
TEA] 5 1 | eee nel eer ee ate eee Sena 358,114 36, 644 548, 561 53,939
LD YP a tla) ae oer ree a eaeton a aye ees eae 14,848 1,568 14,655 L5i2
1D Die Lote eee aes ea = nee ee 16, 621 1,883 9,838 1,160
ti Bee ee epee ee ee 564 69 196 18
i Gh asraaSeaerens Soasec anes essa sss maates , 184 203 2,038 185
panto DOMINGS? ....-...scecc0 mes ees.cen 13, 258 1,306 22,120 2,058
eecih eee A ee a ee ee 53, 580 5,277 68, 737 6, 486
ip ae
een tine Bea ocean diate saps ee be Site ek eee g 259, 192 17,030 229, 461 15, 690
UII Se ee oe See nec aac cteclieces oa 6,184 647 33, 502 2,941
Brazil eee en eras ae alone eae wee 176, 150 17,109 267, 354 28, 241
oe = eS ee EE Te Ee aR oes ee 6,918 1, 556, 629 2, 259
DIOMUDI Hite e noes os Ras semen ceeec see 8,5 5, 767 114, 274 9, 494
eet pee aay i ere SB is ne Ro ao whereas 139, S68 10, 952 272,411 16, 487
uiana—
BiailShiaasen $e ace eee soe eee eS 255, 039 25,981 222, 398 22, 133
DAT) F cit eee cate ere aR cenee Sat eee meer ge 100, 259 S,906 57, 509 6, 297
PON CH ce Son cc see dace. Hs asiceegeensre: 22,816 2.164 17,724 1,784
ed a eae eer ee et ee ee ee na 22,640 367, 676 24,817
i Ue hy Ae ee ee oe ee 5, 1,330 11,730 1, 167
* IMEMO ZU GIA So fence ao fin core race wee ee | 34,618 3,058 43, 144 4,887
urope:
Azores and, Madeira Islands... 222. -22.2-2 2. |-escdscmaeest es egea tess ecceke 100 12
IDEMIMAT Kes” case. = tease beaadee eee seee ade 192 1 boa eee ee see pee oe ie
1 hips) UC) Se eee re een ce ea ee Pee (ee | rt 1,878 223
GOrVAN Yio 2 8 oe no role aie as Soke detec 17,096 NER AY 424 51
11155 2-3 ae ae a anne mgm mne 5, 148 (BU oc ince eee a eee
INGLITCHIANOS neces ccc .ceseco~ a aseceemeces os 11,612 1,017 9,744 1,020
Buussia on Baltic and White Seas........... nae 205 11, 580 1,210
PEN epee a eis ro wine x wins a ads chace oO eS ew lage 3,16 311 5,100 506
SGI es SE eee eee eee 20,000 USQAOY oss: ee seal eee eee
Ne Ve UISSEOE LOW oe eet asic eine 22, 969, 218 2,201, 446 44,737,072 4,709, 160
sia and Oceania:
Chinese wim pire. 5. 22.5 sss. eek seaeeeee 53, 448 4,887 28, 522 2, 688
@hina—British leased territory... .1.......-|-cecmesssecceclecececsceccnss 3,120 345
1 toys] 24 20) oT -2eor aes eae ee 103, 448 9,707 121, 558 12, 234
Sie ae eee eee eee eee Le ue 1,245 3,716 352
(12: ee a a re 2,652 266 2,016 220
Russia, Asiatic...............--.-2.2-000 00 5, 380 a ee aE en ere:
eet ro ks ee ae ice 14, 880 1,025 1,008 93
ast Indies—
Bae Lenten sa cee ate ene whee coe 989, Bee 85, en 1, 246, 751 101,619
1.6) 8.0) 0 Loree ee a a 528 Gs (Coe dee eo cP eee coe ess
oi ae Fe ee ees 201, 696 16,908 189, 604 15,920
REL IPAS ISM tera a cai ere ere SOE ella ee Qe SS ete ote Be 480 45
British Australasia........................- 5,704, 960 590, 094 5,474,818 551,312
IBrigismvOCeania. <2 -< shes ee ccse eee ece dss 109, 936 7, 437 66,826 5,160
PETONCH OCOANIS oa... ciiccace cc c2 nen seeseseus 162,336 14,570 241, 200 22, 589
German: Oceaniay 2... 2 cdec-ccececocenees 279, 792 18 311 360, 576 22, 554
7 Philippine Islands. ........................| 1,126, 470 74, 792 5, 425, 404 396, 604
rica:
STUISH ALT ICA es cece t cron oes Sates ee Sect yee 484,196 48, 220 357,051 37,707
(Oia ab raye d 1 B ns Le eee ees | 510 OE Deion are ores eee creeper
German: AWICa). 225 << secs seu ceciecececcsns | 350 36 910 92
Portuguese Africa...................2..... 162,314 14,604 151, 470 14, 674
Turkey in Africa—Egypt................-- feeee sea cneenifs hap erase 1,440 120
WO Leper sere, catoobe sn dec ohiaskiddsscdecee. oeek 36, 117, 109 3, 416, 436 63,860,696 6, 314, 258
RECAPITULATION. ; =
JO) 0h) 0: ee ae Meee oakeee sas 23,028, 476 2,207,194 44,765,898 4,712, 182
North America ares eed ceerale a ie SIS Seen SSiatain 2,209, 405 198 , 043 2,224, 516 191, 551
South PANMOTICAM: ns Sones Senta aoncncn Deeded. 1, 461, 662 123, 502 3,193,812 226, 197
Asia. Mase red aa Vari cities <niaieiein wisic mniG oizic/c- ae 1, 386, 702 119,582 1,596, 775 133, 516
Oceania ESET Se ee en oe eae ee 7,383, 494 705, 204 11, 568, 824 998 , 219
ALGAE SS Sek IRS SA area ey eee Io Sg ee | 647, 370 62,911 510,871 52, 593

@ Panama separated from Colombia in 1903. b Sweden and Norway separated in 1898.

146 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

The table following shows for the past 11 years the customs districts
from which the canned salmon was exported. Up to 1910 about
two-thirds of the total exports have gone from the port of San Fran-
cisco, while about one-fifth of the total passed through the port. of
Puget Sound, Wash. In 1910, however, the exports from Puget Sound
exceeded those from San Francisco. The only other port through
which any considerable quantity is shipped is New York City. It is
usual now to load the salmon on steamers and sailing vessels at San
Francisco and the Puget Sound cities to go direct to Europe.

Exports, By Customs Districts, oF CANNED SALMON, 1900 To 1910.

| 1900 1901 1902
Customs districts from which | : |_
exported. |
| Pounds. Value. Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value.
Atlantic ports:
pears. Mido 2% ewmisa 648 $65 334, 580 $32, 053 324 $34
SAN LOT MO res omen Sl one ome etal icin a eel eteceeto ee el ewe eee ~ 10 1
Boston and Charlestown,
Mass. oe ess 222,770 20, 488 192, 676 27,372 172,110 20, 224
ew ars a bterescievaie Sie 3, a 5 oe ot ce Ts 960, a ae a 4,365, O74 407, 009
niladelphia, Pa.......... 5 K 7i OO) | sisiste:ete/s. 2: dcictel) eta at
Savannah, Ga....202..0... 1,012 sl "582 "72 480 60
Fy tram ko) 0 0 pe tg Eee greene een] 1 a ee meeean [ng Rane | PE Ned cae tol | RNS oe 75 7
Norfolk and Portsmouth,
PS eee eee eee en el Gam ee ace el eran eee ae 269, 380 30,888: |-....j:<<adinee) ate eee
Charleston,.S. 'C...:...2<-4 400 BO! |b. Secee Paes sale oebeee be eacanseeee| an
Gulf ports: ‘
Key Wests Hlaswes «ee ememislin ccs ace eee umes seers 400 430). eicsera wis sas Oi ee eae
Mobile,:Alasccccoc2-Scec. 10,536 958 7,340 816 11,032 4,055
a New Castel ee See & Suey nner 28, 332 2,472 47, 685 4,567 39, O84 3,910
exican border ports:
ATIZONG. 2-525 --2~- fa 6, 253 706 18, 104 1,869 23, 879 2,350
Brazos de Santiago, Tex... 168 21 816 115 300 29
: as del Norte, Tex-.-2- 5. 23, 843 2,134 1,220 98 164, 167 13,119
acific ports:
Alaska's 2 2242603 cns theese 289 38 4,859 291 3, 636 558
SWE ihe Ao wa as Beal a ore wee eee | enna ae ates erate ree | eee 48 4
Puget Sound, Wash.......] 1,477,232 144,059 | 2,271,306 282,441 | 9,864, 259 872, 912
San Di Cal 3, 094 220 3,574 "293 6, 202 487
San Diego, Cal............ 3, 09+ 22 sol 29° , 202
San Francisco, Cal.......- 21,611,030 | 2,164,904 | 30,014,055 | 2,983,982 | 32,327,572 | 2, 654, 020
< ible atid mee ae 76, 800 5,320 43,318 3,517 155, 500 11, 250
orthern border an ake ;
orts:
Matrolt. MiGh ea ce een eee eee as] eee ee 26, 200 92700) |v sica-acceser| eee
IMINTIESOLAS MIN ae encenae | ose casein eee ee erie 101 10) |. octet S| eee ee
Vermont, Vit-..-.-0--s2-- 120 12s | ova.dcescie eiareisi oro vate 2d Sra .9 e |S eialaiecatleleha etn | ee
Duluth, Minus... ...-* 2... 2.. 24, 000 2,500 16, 200 1, 800 39,312 4, 368
Memphremagog, Vt....... Ly Df ateerd ae ie ears | eee ree ee 50 5
Mihi lge ees eee Se 27,082,370 | 2,693,648 | 41,289,500 | 4,230,271 | 47,173,114 | 3,991, 402
RECAPITULATION. e
Atlantic ports..............--- 3, 820, 656 370,302 | 8,834,322 947,729 | 4,538,073 427, 335
Gultiportsins-h42 622 csatenes 38, S68 3, 430 55,425 5, 426 50, 116 4,965
Mexican border ports..........| 30,264 2,861} 20,140 2° 082 188) 346 15, 498
Pacific ports. ae ee 23,168,445 | 2,314,541 | 32,337,112 | 3,270,524 | 42,357,217 | 3,539, 231
Northern border and Lake
TOTES. Sick ere tne rnc wee 24,137 2,514 $2, 501 4,510 39, 362 4,373

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC

Exports, By Customs Districts, oF CANNED

COAST.

147

SatmMon, 1900 ro 1910—Continued.

1903 1904 1905
Customs districts from which a _
exported.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.

Atlantic ports:

Baltimore, Md............ 840 $92 490 $50 576 $62

Bangor, NA he |S ado SMe ods fe 121 9 294 26

Boston and Charlestown

MSGS aarti — vaca e aie 104, 750 12, 266 2, 400 DUD dliewatse eee eccileees see seie
New York, N. Wien ehscicen 5, 627, 654 599, 393 2, 129, 523 214,016 | 2,683,775 266, 599
Pe 12 eee 540 54 587 42 8, 858 576
Providence, R.I.......... 685 Oat epeinetaeecctelle ecinte eeiercictae|| ae eeteereaeic eal) Sete tee

Gulf ports:
Re NWEStreW hse. oocea ae Soe oo deee pee ate weenie 1, 500 125 460 23
MODIG, Ala icc. oSccue ees os 9, 612 $24 9, 203 Sil 7, 102 561
New Grisans, NOB) crpeceiotee 44, 404 4,261 61,909 5, 503 89, 999 7, 841
ALIN eel ey se neers Ss ater |cse caime a eka | neces cm demee 180 LUGS i Serpette yere dl aanmetae sie nee
Mexican border ports:
PAMIZONSS cere Mock santos < 26, 988 2, 803 7, 568 745 20,845 1,878
Brazos de Santiago, PERE cil oataeiaeioec = Reese cece cs 96 7 Hl eee et a gl al bata IN Eo 2
Paso del Norte, Tex....... 103, 375 8,938 347, 218 28,401 262,014 20, 687
. tober IN cb, eae eine ae ee, | aire Cemaea Ae | knew a meg eee| 366 30 6, 580 583
acifie ports:
PARSER S62 2,8 Set oe nrc 34 cane siacerisl|Bcscmammeciee 153, 600 9, 550 4,848 557
PETER Ve eu Lee te ere oo ne rors eee cree oa aie eee 48 7 148 15
Puget Sound, Wash....... 16,527,456 | 1,549,319 | 19,766,003 | 1,655,666 | 4,444, 562 326, 485
San Diego, Cal............ 5, 897 421 | 5,678 422 3, 594 259
San Francisco, Cal........ 27,448,182 | 2,138,019 | 33,212,614 | 3,303,292 | 27, 498,325 2, 406, 422
ih Bertie OLCS sans dace 409, 444 29, 142 224, 549 10, 628 5,775 531
regon, Oreg.............. 400 7151 ES Ssispaierctete oie | ctvare cine Sererep sare See aes
Northern border and Lake
ports:
IDGEROMU EMCI Se Sete oo clamcc ce Sseccicc|. seeminae econ 580 DSi aecarcee.e aed saa cones
North-and' South Dakota: .|......ccs...c|cccesscvcese 20 Dis | SMe Sed eyavor tall oars, shoes eo sa
Men One MIChioss iacicc-ice s |eccwesisa cisiscleaneecuscese ieabeiteae cas} a aeliveaeen ae 28, 800 2,364
Menmnont. Vitus ck. ose2sccs 74 75 MRSS 8) eee ee ee (Oe Baers ao
Duluth, Minn............. 43,033 Ev LG Sos era aren | ete pect rasa | reads a Petcare eee
80) 21] eee eee 50, 353, 334 4,350,791 | 55,924,278 | 5, 224, 598 | 35, 066, 555 3, 035, 469
RECAPITULATION.
Atlantic ports......2..<00<.0-e0 5, 734, 469 611,868 | 2,133,121 214, 332 | 2,693, 503 267, 263
Chili chk eee 54,016 5, O85 72, 792 6,455 97, 561 8, 425
Mexican border ports. 130, 863 11,741 355, 248 24, 183 289, 439 23, 148
ocltie ee oF gee Sa 44,391,379 | 3,716,926 | 53,362, 492 4,979, 565 | 31,957, 252 2, 734, 269
orthern border an ake
OLS sate oll teitiskssce.0 oe uns 43, 107 pally ak 625 63 28, 800 2,364
1906 1907 1908
Customs districts from which -
exported.
Pounds. Value. Pounds Value Pounds. Value.
Atlantic ports:
Baltimore, Md............ 196 $21 156 $28 301 $37
New York, N. Y.. 3, 275, 875 318,128 | 2,313,335 227,646 | 2,332,392 226, 850
See ee He . 1, 400 159 722 67 720 | 71
ortland an almouth, |

IM Otero eae caret ese isis 100 DS lemme metas lence e a Gace Oc Newrarsiereiereree ce
istic, dXe) ao 751 0 Es Se eR eae tne 322 38 1, 250 155

oa ei

alveston, Tex. i622... 60 8 40, 213 3, 216 292 23
Key West, Fla..........-- 890 94 "312 "25 190 18
Mobile, Ala............-.. 38, 267 38,031 11,675 992 10, 823 1,051
ee eres 1 eee eee 88,014 7,015 112,850 10, 217 194,711 18, 144

SULT L TNH an CM oRiaWN MMM che 3 cara tecactystata s/o el ciate sacarobarayalate sl] s secsivis statatereyai «|| stevorere aietaieesees 104 9
Tampa, 1 ee eee eee 24 4 |Saxccssiencaclteseeccesccs seat sneccmee lees eeees coas

Mexican border ports:
PATIZONG eos: cae chac. neo Sos 45, 883 4,128 34, 479 3, 268 43,035 3, 856
(onpUsiGhrisht, Wexs ss. ses wee lle Lestat t ouc| ecg ease seeclns eed eesane 30, 930 2,775
Paso del Norte, Tex....... 387, 568 30, 336 513, 202 42,548 626, 837 56, 147
4 i paabor MOK? Se ces see esis 21, 962 1, 666 22, 662 1,960 22, 887 2,341
acifie Ps:

PMIASKaa cen s ns secmecete ce hie cele eae canal esasttnadces 305, 294 33,315 790 99
DeRose eae fsa Seale | watisews cone ia ane 144 14
Los Angeles, Cal.......... 840 Dail less cehaeeees | merece ona nen ae ence eee ctiome tate
Puget Sound, Washes okes 17, 286, 930 1,499,819 | 9,340,000 845,982 | 6,351, 440 528, 558
San Diego, Cale 1. 4, 228 331 8, 456 661 6,994 567
San Francisco, Cal........ 24, 613, 868 1,969,214 | 12,502,876 | 1,012,199 | 18,601,705 1,597, 735
Willamette, Oreg.......... 540 55 3,723 241 100 22

148

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Exports, By Customs Districts, oF CANNED SALMON, 1900 To 1910—Continued.

1906 1907 1908
Customs districts from which eee uA
exported.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds Value
Northern border and Lake |
ports: |
aron’, Michi. -22..s2ceea2 177, 734 $13, 107 7,000 $010) |e ee
Minnesota; Minns..4.....00<|o-s nee el eee aay ser 48 Hi eee epee | Ea
Osweratchic, Ne. Yes sc. asilsecccciee ese socr megs see 780 | 71 400 $46
Vermont, Vt..... we Se ceee 35 OM EG ace nagies sess acess ce lessee
POtaIUSS: Si mex ata aeeetsicer 45,944,414 | 3,847,943 | 25,218,105 | 2,183,049 | 28, 226,045 2, 438, 518
RECAPITULATION.
NTIANTIG POLLSs sceeeceese ee ok 3,277,501 318,321 | 2,314,535 227,779 | 2,334,663 227-13
Gulf portsiss2c-2Se asonsec2- ee 127, 255 10, 910 165, 050 14, 450 206, 120 19, 245
Mexican border ports.......-.-- 455, 413 36, 130 570, 343 47,776 723,689 65, 119
RAGING PGRissacess aces seas 41,906,406 | 3,469,472 | 22,160,349 | 1,892,398 | 24,961,173 2,126, 995
Northern border and Lake | |
POLS ceo Soda oases Ee 177, 769 | 13,110 7,828 | 646 | 400 46
| |
1909 1810
Customs districts from which exported. — -
Pounds. Value. Pounds Value
Atlantie ports:
Balhimorey Md. 245-385) le eee cee 192 $22 36 $3
Bangor, i LB ee IO a 216 20) iss00s2ecececc8)|250eeeeee eae
Boston ‘and Charlestown, Mass..........-.- 162, 024 16, 837 3, 000 280
INew? York; Ne Y 2220-2 ec lane des ease cses 3,848,870 390, 266 2,999, 480 305, 732
Philadelphia, Sai eee See eee ae 405 44 700 89
Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va............-.- 32, 100 2, 109! |i dccec. ces SSa)h eS eee
PentheAn pois aN discs = Mea oon 2 rem ees oe erase ereiet ed Gra oteye ata ere arate 214 18
Gulf ports:
Galveston < Dex. -222- +7. Sthca eee nese reece 876 88 155 12
Ke yeWiest Hidee rn 22 voce coe eae eee ace 40 4 340 27
Mobile, Rie oe ee cee ee 13, 565 1, 247 14,018 1,322) *
New Orleans, Dias... scene eac one see ae 92, 537 7,615 103, 980 8, 187
Ab changer yy 1 LIE eek aerate cA aes oe cae eee ceSerernod sanoce psec co 66 6
Mexican border ports: ,
PAT ZOLA aya. See cae t tS cee ret eee 27,735 2,733 54, 425 4,612
Brazos de Santiago, Teac: fot as 1 eee 138 13 641 64
Corpus Christi extve: 55 ced oe sexe 26, 220 2,450 27,365 2,414
Paso del Norte, NESS Soeecmeene nee eee ee eee 150, 636 14, 850 125, 169 11, 560
Saluria, Tex.......- Mes eae ie ee oleate 14,399 1,528 47,117 2,853
Pacific ports:
PA AS K chery ee aera ae Bee ean 66,020 6) 263" Nee ss.ccnaceeael cee ces eee
Los Angeles, Cal........-......--...-.----- 13,370 934 9, 229 820
Puget Sound, Wash-s..-- ccc 5sece caer cece 7, 858, 552 716, 370 32, 406, 617 3,331,174
San Diego, Cal....... ee eee ee eee 5, 546 460 6,355 583
San Francisco, Cal...................---...| 23,761, 656 2,247,957 28,027,911 2,641, ae
Willamette, Oreg Foe tok ae Skt a Lah = Sree Be cae Recel ete Sate anal | ache coe ateeenartee 78
Northern border aad Lake ports:
Detroit y Mice ces os ac series eee Sete re 42,000 3,990: || 52cc.ceg02322 2d eae ee
North and pouth, Dakotaico...<..-23ssedose 12 10 ic. aaacecnes | Seen eee
Mulivth, Minn. 2 2282s anne acaac.dee Sane eecelladens = ance cae nsehese cee macts 33, 200 2, 800
Montanaand Tdehow. 2. 2222 2-22 doe nese oe ee eee ein Se 600 83
Total sccsosece neh ee ee oe ee eee 36, 117,109 3, 416, 436 63, 860, 696 6,314, 258
RECAPITULATION.
It aTitiG POLTStsaasce «anccnee a aee cae ae etek 4,043, 807 409, 933 3,003, 430 306, 122
Gault POUvtSie de sonkenss obemasatob access ee cemen 107,018 8,954 118, 559 9, 554
Mexicanborderports:..242.220-¢ -<2.ssee=emeeee 219, 128 21,574 254,717 21, 503
PacifiG Portssnc. f5.4sscc5- ie. cons ne rosea 31,705, 144 2,971, 984 60, 450, 190 5,974, 196
Northern border and Lake MONS see aeea es ass 42,012 3,991 33, 800 2, 883

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 149

EXPORTS OF FRESH AND CURED SALMON.

The following table shows, by countries, the value of the exports
of fresh and cured salmon for the period 1900 to 1910, inclusive. As
with the canned salmon, the greater part of these exports go to
European countries, Germany taking by far the largest quantity.
A small portion of this is salmon caught in eastern waters.

Exports, BY COUNTRIES RECEIVING, oF Domestic PicKLED, FRESH, ETC., SALMON,
1900 vo 1910.

Exported to— / 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905

North America:
BENITO Be mide 585 52555 ahe onde Seed $88 $14 $11 LF Ll ee eee $246
British Honduras. ...............- eee 7 eee 22 $120 94

Dominion of Canada—
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, ete. .... Ins. Sete Bet Sere See see | a= oeiraleays | Semtuee ees 418 3
Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, etc... .| 1,516 2,555 1,051 6, 083 3,012 7,499
British Columbia.................| 80, 652 53,922 | 125,916 53,592 25, 913 10, 299
Central American States—
Wosta Ric! =. <ocs .. of occ ces hse 220 703 218 178 340 192
GT OIM ANA es, oes aye cele Saclle Some aa =e) eimonseercrerts 27 11 1 208
PHONO Hae om. Ad cc Ses hase ae sec ssmeaeine ss tt Pere yee 1 2 26
Nicaragua....... SE esadigten saee
IPA AIG Se a sjeraia = Amc ontn stemecierer sane. Ae
Salvador......

Santo cones Se oasita tia sia wrteracedeoe 998 670 85 57 14 26
South America:

10) 1c) Sem ee ae eee ae ee 400 226 286 11 766 176
WRENGMeesemat tensa ts eceadenene | 420 290 134 434 251 65
NET BIR ance oe cr cea so eeieinie ee oe AG. | Ss eke 27 62 194 112
WENGE ZUG a oi 2k ncrcre slalewtera aalaiciaieja=ayainies 96 42 245 20) Neiewe-os ais 108
Europe:
Azores, and Madeira Islands.........--, ra | eee ee Sone meen Ars Sm oa 123 85
1242) bg 6 0 eee ee a ee Pa Pr 1, 062 SSilieacadass Ay TSO | Fcc ee
METI Sh Tie drtorehhearerefar ste a patoreme tite Sirk Here | 378 15, 285 16, 904 653 2,310 22, 952
Tan Ces rs. Gack asde Soc haS etek ae 180 BOs ey eee eee| tenn eee 3 E| | ee
(Gio) 101210 yee Se Re oe ne eee a ee 300, 291 320, 369 470, 657 741,634 |1, 061,944 | 1,666,787
(Oi rales 7s Ree Sap et are Fae ces Perera rr eed | (En ee Oe Ae pees epee tH ame 158
TVS Nae Age ae re ees ese eon (SUIS tp (gO F-SeREReS EES (ePoMPIE te-OM (e eee Am em | 100
Malta, Gozo, etc..........-.-..---- mae 475 | » 55 280 2:10 Cee are esos
Netherlands. Cae ee eA Me RRS tee ene 50 184 3, 023 4,127 3,105 300
INCOR UEN hee Beene Ree DOnee Caeeaer erga EACnrccr ad Pereocadd Manecccrte 12,765 12, 295 7,896
Russia in BNITODG sans crs eet toean enone QUOU preted cae once ce | oma eceameleek eeeman. 2,574
ae Ror EN pega pee tte ra ne cimeree Ieee all 9c ni | an Stayt orate | a rayne eas reer 56
Sweden and Norway?¢....-.......-...- 7 5,595 TOGO! Illes isisteie crore! slerapctoceityt Stell Sina ccerere ciate
PUR CLO Tilete eee cA ne ere | es cerca eee eee re eee GOB = Oa 1,838 17,776
ae Wnited Kon ed om). .c.s ceed ceed ceases 38, 959 W528. | ccc esc 990 8, 523 29,355
sia:
Chinese MMPs a. <2 sccndiesc secs snc|-sescaaees 400 25 9 54 201
ROHS FEINSTEIN Seca t2 ss Sdlaye cya asa clee eeiora oe sues Sela IAS ane seee (a Sere acta Le osctt enn 24 Bee eee
East Indies—
[eign eA | a a ae ee ees ae 121 71 30 115 135
PDTC CTRL Bee ie ee on Gee Screelem eal earicidinnw Sin | vyetetatanisisicie [lus cmreie eeoie Diol Cestece aaa
ION BKON Bes osx s ciescetep ce dsneee 5 UN ee ae 519 1,840 462 4,797
NPAs ee sect acc aseeeat te onerece nee 2, 807 14, 516 25, 228 3,499 476 25, 037
WRUISSIA——A S18 Ul Class. aieje's,¢ etolerneiorniinase <8 LOW eerie crercxcte' nisi serene nrake | orotic ae | Sao ene on eee eee
Oceania:
IBMTTISH AUS TPAaSIA ca - cians scseeues 39, 867 618 33, 785 31, 503 25, 208 21,595
AJ MOun ere British’ OCCAMISS oo oe eee ocean oe es <b |e nce accel 346 29 27 22
IMPench OCEANIA. = 4.1 cases uot owecre.c' 1,958 1,729 1,325 1,877 1,838 2, 299
Germani@Oceaniste 4:24. sare ot coe cnt dete eee ae ewer eieal| 13 948 977 861
GUIBIMN, -sans vances Seaver ciees.nes cece see 57 By S20 So aciesitace | = aeSie eS cc -reteln ical. o's Petre Seas cere
Ha Walle co ssosesies cow nae notae sees tee DBS S10! Wea acean dl sa eluiesceae! bare e male Save ewisisieies ele seeEnoemn S

@ Sweden and Norwa y separated in 1898,

150

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Exports, By COUNTRIES RECEIVING, oF Domestic PICKLED, FRESH, ETC., SALMON,
1900 ro 1910—Continued.

Exported to— 1300 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905
Oceania—Continued.
Philippine Islands .5.2.002--20..2 2.20%
Tonga, Samoa, and all other. . E
TO GUIA «cen coe c ee esses cc mee eegee ee
Africa:
British Africa—
WheStics on scis node sce cocic~cetineis aoe Laneite sere lee eteeeneere 804 cio c odes |b ctoane ses seeee eee
Obese soon tee oe eee ee 170 24 21 12 859 114
MrenchwAIiCa fa.scce eens aS aoe eee S5riku..deasek (Sosedatectellcesesemesclencteeeeee heen
Miers ds sooc2 ssc bnt eeeewes dee seisisie ons | See ee cee) satan ie caen| areata oaxe| Se camara Dice sees
TOthlee vow case oe eeeee So eee oe eee | 535, 276 426,738 | 694, 435 869, 352 |1, 163, 489 | 1, 832, 655
RECAPITULATION.
INOntHEAMMCHI CA soee 22 sees eee eee ios 87, 964 60,416 | 132,704 67, 225 36, 408 25, 809
South America. .... UG cee eee ae saeese teers 1,702 901 3, 063 1,690 1, 822 3, 438
WURO PO eeet een seas tere see eases eeaee 340,643 | 344,368 | 496,637 | 760,197 |1,094,950 | 1,748,039
INS SYS ee, eres ceed eae 3, 324 15, 037 25, 843 5,393 1,382 30,170
Oceania. 236s cc carta de oem eon 101, 388 5, 982 35, 863 34, 835 28, 063 25, 085
PANT CR ca eee se coe eenee seseeeate a eta | 255 24 325 12 864 114
Exported to— 1906 1907 1908 | 1909 1910
North America:
Bermuda ssscces vases oecseenessccess $173 $20 $23 $68 $630
British MONGUTLIS <<a season ne | 14 eoecemeaeas 1086.55 5 -seccense t-te eee
Dominion of Canada—Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, etc ..............-- 925 18, 785 16, 964 21,973 23, 559
Central American States—
CostatRiCas <2. cecccceSwsietscatiececs 46 213 189 217 197
Gila Tem Al Rase se eee 1 ee ee ee 902 18 62
VON GULAS Hoe. os oes = sees = cece oe el pen cneees es 92 248) | oso bs Mace Sees ce eee
INIGATA SUBS) 32 sesame sees see 39 27 1,317 31 11
IPANAINA). ceases ese eeeeccscesess 380 2,211 1, 878 175 775
IWGXICO Se wenger ee eee eee 1,231 528 460 199 555
West Indies—
IBrifishiccs ss scesccn.cc secs eae eeeriat 1, 646 208 975 4,890 3, 067
GUS eae ee sere eeee eae | 128 371 104 121 97
Danish. aeeceaertaee cote oes eoesee 30 108 39 165 42
MUtChe es osee. « 2ceeateeseaseeemee 94 i (eee ee 49 78
MrenGhe jo5220..2..eScs0e soe! aoe seal ane cioaeteee ee 16 19 14 19
Iie eee ere eee eee eee 97 277 678 335 283
Santo Domingo.........-...-.-..--- 100 255 228 128 313
South America:
Argentina........- She eee eae eee 85 900!) 2 odie Sb ot ese cee hel P area eee
Brazil neem nccceeee os ase iaean seni ase B08 cada cetemnalcecweecceses 120 3, 029

Azores, and Madeira Islands.......---
Belgium J sialeeicine nite ercitiinns Netelo aoc eer
GMINA Tee a aoe ec ee ae eee

Nee 5 ier a isin Saas ae oes aiSeowee eos
Portugal

Wmited: Kane domi se. ac -.2 sisters estes i=
Asia:
Chinese Empire: . 2. - 520<s5-20<s22:
East Indies—
British . 5.ct.scsiddcaioclcic wea nocctene

JAPAD 2c accor aeaiewncaest ines -eeeenais

48, 237 28, 083

293 170

Se ete rnintovererel 66
soca eer
18, 395 3, 592

ra aes isi”

43, 952 66, 555

41 89

18 60

BAO em noss 41
809 10

2,772 90
MABE BEINS 3
ace aelae sein eaisiaeineteicrs ee

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

151

Exports, By COUNTRIES RECEIVING, OF Domestic PICKLED, FRESH, ETC., SALMON,
1900 ro 1910—Continued.
Exported to— 1906 1907 1908 1909 | 1910
Oceania:
British AMIStralasiae 5 <aa:.cesecesccc sae $15, 169 $23, 186 $26, 591 $25, 466 $22, 826
All other British Oceania.............. 74 A een eee Ul eee eee 89
FENG OCEANA. cesen can = cent enn eens 2,154 2,136 1, 792 1,528 1, 886
German, OCeanian.. . oii. ces cca eee ecics 749 1,112 373 1, 229 1,189
Bhilippine Islands). 52.2.2... .s-e.s00. 821 125280) |-Giteeete. = 8 712 2,089
Africa:
British Africa—South ................. DDE | es octane 2 eccmeraraecis =| oe eine borers 1, 268
WET DONTE os. keto os eb oee nce oeeneee AE | Moree SS - Meiataco Jes = ees ee Sa lene
Vela i oh be zh ay ee oe Se A Res ho eer eae eee ies BERS Resor ABU Asko sea
SS ITISHPAUT Cos occ care «spate ices pera loam alae | Snes nieieiclne = fate cee rlaresicnegis Cowl eieeoaar 280 Seca coe ae
MO eg sais cate cated seo eaesceueee ties 1, 927, 464 1, 878, 743 1, 648, 044 1, 288, 560 532, 640
RECAPITULATION. f
INOPGDCATMOETICN ..0c...6 266 sicle os eeec cece acans 36, 943 23, 204 27, 263 28, 383 29, 688
BOMSMAAINCVICH 2.5.02. coeaccscowensae sess: 2, 600 2,351 517 1,365 5, 242
113] 0110) 6° ese 1,776,086 | 1,794,885 | 1,587,535 | 1,225,948] 1,468,015
PS ee ye obs enc oc et woe euenieecee 92, 861 19, 384 3, 962 3,640 348
OCCA Sette ere ecins mene ee sees = ee cs 18,914 38, 721 28, 767 28, 935 28,079
PANT Coy sare Tete wasccaalo roe esi Sewiemncctmeees 60 19S) Ni.cerrcemceicae 289 1, 268

The exports of domestic fresh and cured salmon from 1900 to 1910,

inclusive, are shown below, by customs districts.

The greater part

of the shipments pass through the New York City customs district:

Exports, By Customs Districts, or Domestic PICKLED, FRESH, ETC., SALMON,

1900 vo 1910.
Customs districts from which exported. 1900 1901 1902 | 1903 1904 1905
Atlantic ports:
IBSICITIOLG aM oe, heres aes eso ek ee oe BLOB 0 fee creas lea aaa ee $8
FESERTL EL Oley ONL C rarest creche acter aim Aen nai ooo oeeae OG llaroes clea owe a’e:a snd: coef meals eactelllnceaieenen 3
RGMASU MIG g20e 55 oasis oud Soeale <i koa tea $12 $17 12 $19 DEN eens oa knee
Boston and Charlestown, Mass........ AG hice cae 34 52 A al aoe a
ING WiYiO0Ks IN. OY. cece scat ecca ons 346,853 | 330,805 | 503,219 | 766,128 |1,102,542 | 1,757,742
Philadelphia, Pa................220-- VO) eee eee ees 1,151 Te lWecindeecte®
Portland and Falmouth, Me.......... 11 68 16 47 60 79
Rea Creda ee te alte ee adi Vere e mona ls oeaeteeiae ¢ lees ore ae acer ee |e eee
Gulf ports:
iia) oir (2 P0.\) ts Sapa ieee ae oT erent (Pee ee ee ee ea 30 8 96
Novy Orleans; Wasa. oS. .o3 sock on ocaee sll pncsseeme 5 10 aa 116 63
Mexican border ports
UHV 0) 0 A Se went ey eee ee 18 85 416 1 Oe eee ee 14
TAZOS| OU PAanllalO,, LON ser. 6cjsciets ai's|| ota:o ais) a ziau'| os deca 2] sew nels Sel 19 FA ccs cieeicte
Corpus Christi, Tex................... 414 LS ilsecizcde: 30 208) fe eiecs oss
Paso del Norte, Tex................... 760 67 i: 12 eee a 80 206
AINE OKs eye cme ee ee eel aeeeena ad 370 1,428 1,063 868 V7
Pacific ports:
BAN ASSIS Fie Par Sic aye eye tear eta cata orals Serer 2,377 12, 422 293 4,375 1,003 1,184
OTE CON OTC Ae tect eae was Bache Seeks | Sne cece. 8 el ere ees Sree etree Irene eet ee oe eS
Puget Scan) Weenie So es 80,493 | 55,727] 150,906 | 58,278] 29,212 36, 145
Sau Wiee0; Cal sms. 22. sa ee ewes scan 108 19 20 34 73
pan Prancisco, Cals. 2.25.25 - ss0cc.2.6- 102, 666 7,030 36, 958 36, 331 25,851 27,939
Willamette, Oreg LO eee err tc a | Ge ees ce Ne eta tans 28 1,500
Northern border and Lake ports:
Champlain Ny Vases. occ coxentdese 234 1, 464 449 1,542 1,183 2,142
IV ELEO Ns AMG Hien cite oe macs samc dlio esata es 742 Pe ae ae ae 1,393 4,445
TETIOSCO SINE RY eeeeeeery: oes See oe Seelam | eek oma ee ee ats slice a 26) || 32. ceieoe
93 fo bo) a} ecu. (ol 6 eee re On 456 121 225 DO) |e meee | cease ae
Memiphremecopy Vite. oon. Scie scene oie cece lo accace ack 6 7 Bill eajesicieee.em
Montana and Idaho:...-9............. 2 Ce Reker eed CAP meee) omer Tae 6
North and South Dakota............. 523 162 95 36 378 247
CS 4 a Le) f(a) BU UC) lee Meee in ibe se UU | Sn RPS (ne ee [rs (Pa ee eae 33
IMOLMONG, Vitses « disse eens canicriacessieicas 301 115 20 A iteee Sauce 22
UNTO): | (EE 9 ae 535,276 | 426,788 | 694,435 | 869,352 {1,163,489 | 1,832,655
: RECAPITULATION.
PAGIBTI LIC PODS es. e ens. Suess aoe arcesZ oe 346,924 | 330,890} 503,439 | 767,397 |1,103,034 | 1,757,832
RUE POLS esse ase sores See at oo en ae ie stn 5 143 30 124 159
Mexican border ports. ...0....02...0.0.000- 1,192 535 1,857 lezen 1,160 997
ID ACULIGHOLS te Sot ae ienc ee oes k oe Sook 185, 644 92,698 188,177 99, 018 56, 167 66, 772
Northern border and Lake ports. ......... 1,516 2,610 819 1, 680 3, 004 6,895

152

SALMON FISHERIES

OF

PACIFIC

COAST,

Exports, By Customs Districts, or Domestic PicKLED, FRESH, ETC., SALMON,
1900 ro 1910—Continued.

Customs districts from which exported. 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910
Atlantic ports:
Bal timoreyMdeccccecccthcocsccocsee sas PF VSLE|EE onc coeoacc| assent ence. |" ean eabe lp see eee
Bangor IMG aca dela eaarece sackcctc os mene Scedeeeelosesaeemesselie ©. “ie 1) P eS Sai ness
IBGMASt MiGremiz<:: 25 ee) baeee ores $12
New -Y oflkgune Yo. c2.2.5.550<cccenssecee 1,479, 625
‘Philadelphia; Pas. c-s2cssceesessmascea|| — 105 |iccccchecscdlsccas eseekee sateen cenees| se eee
Portland and Falmouth, Me 19
Gulf ports:
Mobile Alas .% 25.2 25. eee eee aoe eereee 1 eee SA ee 128 | crtave-t creratrares| Sn eer eee
ING WUOTIGANS 5c aoe eerie eres a ree aa eri bereeisie cies 276 7,098 49 74
Mexican border ports:
ATIZONA dea Seees oc elee eee ees eee soe 700 134 13 29))| 5c\\sc eee
Brazos derSantiafoy Dexecese sas asa Soya | Sees otepree tere eteale as aisierae ieee eiemte ae cere 5
Paso del iNOrte; Vex. je cic cdete ge cen ccse 8 290 1544|o 2. v2) caes| sere aces
Salurian Wemsce mths he eee Meee eee BO Yond cans ect eae cen ceee au Pateee oes 197
Pacific ports:
WATE ICS os, s)ats.clorsie-s sows isles e Serres 44, 436 451 803 1,091 212
Puget Sound, Wash...........-------- 63, 626 44, 492 14, 370 11,677 22, 666
SantDicro. Caltins. 2-20 eee eee 2. 1 a ee 28 12
San Erancisco; Cals e526. = eee mace 31,500 28, 984 29,112 37, 305 27, 628
Wallamettes Ores 22. 2h stp. eens emer ee lleec see enins heme haere ee see eee 743
ee eee nee oes RPS em Ea | Ne a Oe 2 Seene| | eyes rae LAS | pee ceretanaie
Northern border and Lake ports:
Buffalo Creek, N. Y 3) 069) |2 eee r eee
Cane Vancent; N.Y stssncthkeeceecc cs leseecoccatenl, MODE polis s as Ree ahh ee eee eee
ChamplainvNis Vows s.2cme encaeea te eset 2,079 598
Detroit, ;-Mich.ic.0-iccc-esnesctetescsee|) * = SP908 oEOF2iee CLGOR lo! tesco eee
Duluth, Minn...... ee ere rte | EE fee el ee ee el PP ete Oe 68
iurony Mich’... .2:2.2%0<ce.2- SOLU 22 keine
Memphremagog, Vt Nate Deer ere es ot all ere Sieh oe ete pere ips S| ee 20
Minnesota Minn. 225.35. oe ce coceese ee ; : 99) os, Meee
Montana and Idaho j 154 82
North and South Dakota. :s..2........) " ‘86 )) 8) | (20)|...22252. 92 csoceccenoere
IVERIIONUNIV Ulery ciceesemineee nee cee eee 858 1,419
Dota) Eee a eae et. occ See ee 1,927, 464 1,878, 743 1, 648, 044 1, 288, 560 1, 532, 640
RECAPITULATION.
PAUTIATILIGIDOLUSa ace: aac coe cee ace eee 1,781,476 | 1,797,411 | 1,590,778 | 1,230,542 1,479, 656
Gull SMORtSEe cccace nce peter Sons e ae 14 276 7, 226 49 74
Mexican border ports............<.22.s«0- 788 424 167 25 202
IPACIIG POLLS ath sac sete se aes ae ices ee 139, 606 73, 927 44,313 50, 834 50,521
Northern border and Lake ports....-....-. 5,580 6,705 5, 560 7,110 2,187

IMPORTS OF FRESH SALMON.

For some years it was the custom of the canneries on Puget
Sound, when fish were scarce on the American side and abundant on
the Canadian side, to import fresh salmon to fill out the domestic
supply, and the Canadian canneries would do the same when the
conditions were reversed. In 1904 the Canadian Government pro-
hibited the export of fresh salmon to Puget Sound for packing pur-
poses, and in 1910 an effort was made to have Congress retaliate by
enacting a similar law for this side of the line, but the bill failed of
passage. The reciprocity agreement with Canada now before Congress
provides for the free entry of fresh fish and would permit the can-
neries of either country to import salmon as they wished. This
agreement, if adopted, will undoubtedly be of considerable impor-
tance tothe Puget Sound canneries in securing full packs in certain
poor years.

eho

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 1538

The table below shows the yearly imports of fresh salmon from
British Columbia:

Imports oF FRESH SALMON FROM BritisH COLUMBIA, CANADA, FOR A SERIES OF

YEARS.
Year. Pounds. | Value. | Year. Pounds. -| Value. | Year. | Pounds. | Value.
== ——— | —
EROQ ca oSaoee 4, 660 $241 | Taba else 93, 454 $2,681 || 1904......-.. | 40,610 | $1,025
TSO cease 4,950 L7O |), 1898.2. ses 11,580 278 | NOOR s 2caducns | 1,015 35
TROD ae anes 6,288 301 |} 1899.......- 58, 002 4,101 || 1906. ...... 3,457, 738 64,408
112) 64,811 3,639 || 1900........ 19, 404 855 || 1907.....-.. 113,224 4,131
S04 3 case 3,872 219 tt ee 27,072 2,050 | OOS. 3755-2 8, S80 795
P8955 26 shoe 14, 000 1,403 Tee ee sa a8 22),.008 739 19095. .2 22.55. 41,073 2,346
TS96)ss52c2< 11,799 419 |} 1908........ 6,860 343 || 1910........ 198, 251 10, 116

IMPORTS OF CURED SALMON.

Below are shown the imports into this country of foreign-cured
salmon, the product of the Pacific salmon fisheries, from 1886 to 1909,
inclusive.

Imports OF FOREIGN PickLED Pacrtric SALMON, 1886 To 1909.

British Columbia. Japan. | Hongkong. | Russia, Asiatic. Total.
|
Dean pa eae =a ae GN iene CT

Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
1886..--=.- 5, 600 7, a ae eee [easter | are Semmes Be prerelease sta aed 5, 600 $224
Lene 200 cl | ee eae eee ee eens ee ene Pe aa sae gee 200 4
1 ee BG{000 |) 4080s). egies |clen ca - ee eee beeiate sacle aie ool c | Sensei -.| 86,000 4,031
12 ee 18, 200 860 | oe ee ece. xeon S 5 l peesem.e0 Bene Be mers ceases 18, 200 860
TR90 oe <a 600 DON gee eee Saleen EP eee oe ae 600 36
SOUS oasis 200 O |engece-aGc Peepers stapes spate rere os Sei Was w oe ouall goes grote 200 5
RO Zi rete see | reer sclete Ss | awizinictce | fale. c Sise's 5 oe marae bar's ciye yee Stare Selle’ easel eenas emciflad seeaoslye eects
ROS cok <a0 5,478 | 4S AE Pe eel ee a ea | en Oe a ora ward eee rere 5,478 291
B04 ..8 das EU Be OLE Yo) 22 ager re 1, 260 $29 11,875 $298 | 162,485 | 17,919
tb Seen 6,550 OU) |e sae 28h S- penal 600 Ls i Paneer aed por gecie ee ee 7,150 263
1896........ 6,530 ATE Wi ae aaitha ae ciceeetey | sis ist eee pe ness ee 6,530 474
BOT e's = 6,890 DOG ic teete se lees x sall kanal nals oe ts asp = setetatg oe wc |S Sie, nj ater 6,890 156
UROR S22 2-6 4,145 USB is feeo2 +e Sm|teassck J 30 2 9,870 266 14,045 456
CS ee LD Slo. | loot |. 8 622 ole eae SCS en! Sed or Sees en eee 416,032 | 21,560
T900i5---2.:.- - 162,558 | 11,061 600 GA) fe ches cial le Seana [ek ada ere wo | racers 5 163,158 | 11,102
iA 0) ee NG Sabo GWA ZD! | leas orem sya) tepeccwes its a acter omags| areas «oe eae cne lem sence 165,243 | 11,225
1902 < isis 2 5 175,411 | 13,794 606 a een ed att cielo aactareroe: nice |Piocteae 176,017 | 18,822
1903....... 161,549 | 11,756 360 1S: | eae creed sl Seateis aaificiers ou Seale wetane es 161,909 | 11,774
HOO eos. c 282,210 | 23,319 1,400 bide Seep tesc A te oat oh ies aa telah a oat 283,610 | 23,371
C1 eee 282,027 | 25,584 3,015 EBON Nee Sepeteacie| eee See |= eaurte aes eos Seen 285,042 | 25,717
DOUG c5.5 3; 35,475 | 1,730 5,510 V(Sj)iscaseacc.c|'2 oe ay25-2 | aeaetonne tae | ooo See os 40, 985 1,905
HOOT... 22-133. 6,393 322 680 Bt lies eac calamities ees eee | sete 7,073 353
LOS 7 i2,c10:2 13, 230 631 4,185 A Nl oe Sarees nal Ne 2k 5 Ne ooete We teeters: 17,415 805
1909...-..- 30,710 | 1,523 3,537 VO aps erage se mere = dees toc | ee =e 34, 247 1,617
NOLO s oer: TMD 645412) 005 We woo sees cco oc] kelte Seca 2s [eee o Sree erate om eerereherer ace meme =

@ Tncludes 157 pounds, valued at $6, from China.

XI. SALMON CULTURE.
CALIFORNIA.

HISTORY.

The first fish-cultural station on the Pacific coast was located on
McCloud River, a stream of the Sierra Nevada Mountains emptying
into Pitt River, a tributary to the Sacramento, 323 miles nearly due
north of San Francisco. The site on the west bank of the river,
about 3 miles above the mouth, was chosen after investigation of a
number of places on the Sacramento, by Mr. Livingston Stone, one
of America’s pioneer fish culturists, and the station was named Baird,
in honor of the then Commissioner of Fisheries, Prof. Spencer F.
Baird. Although the season had nearly passed when the station
was sufficiently advanced to handle eggs, 50,000 eggs were secured,
and while 20,000 were lost, owing to the excessive heat, the remaining
30,000 were shipped east, all of which were eventually lost but 7,000
fry, which were planted in the Susquehanna River, in Pennsylvania.

The main object of the hatchery the first few years was to secure
eges to ship to the East for the purpose of introducing Pacific salmon
in the waters in that section. The Commission early made an agree-
ment with the State of California, however, under which the latter
at first paid part of the expense, and the Commission hatched and
planted a portion of the take in the McCloud River. Later, part of
the eggs were turned over to the State, which hatched and planted
the salmon in local waters.

In 1881 the station buildings were washed away in a freshet, but
were immediately rebuilt. From 1884 to 1887, both inclusive, all
operations were suspended.

In 1889 a hatchery was established at Fort Gaston, on the Army
reservation in the Hoopa Indian Reservation in Humboldt County,
but it was not put into operation until 1890. As the reservation
was abolished on July 1, 1892, the Commission took complete charge
of the plant, and in 1893 established a tributary station on Redwood
Creek. The same year Korbel station was established about one-
half mile above Korbel, on Mad River, in Humboldt County. Owing
to the lack of money this station was closed in the fiscal year 1896,
but was reopened during the fiscal year 1897.

That same year the Commission erected, on ground owned by the
State, a hatchery at Battle Creek, in Tehama County, and also took
charge of and operated the hatchery erected at this place by the
State fish commission the previous year. Under the terms of an

154

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 155

agreement the Commission was to deliver to the State as many eyed
spawn as the latter could hatch at Sisson, its own station.

Owing to their inaccessibility, the Fort Gaston hatchery and its
substations were abandoned in 1898. The same year an experi-
mental station was established at Olema, Bear Valley, in Marin
County, whenc* eggs were transferred from Baird station, hatched
out here, and planted in Olema Creek in order to see if they could
not be domesticated here, where they had not been found pre-
viously.

During the fiscal year 1902 a substation was established on Mill
Creek, a stream which has its source in the foothills of the Sierra
Mountains, in the northeastern part of Tehama County, and empties
into the Sacramento River from the east about a mile above the
town of Tehama. The eggs are retained here until eyed and then
shipped to other hatcheries.

As stated above, the State aided the work of the United States
Fish Commission in a financial way and also by hatching and dis-
tributing the eggs turned over to its care. In 1885 the State legis-
lature passed a bill authorizing the establishment of a hatchery of
its own, and the same year such a station was built upon Hat Creek
about 24 miles above its junction with Pitt River, a tributary of
the Sacramento River. As the work of the first few seasons devel-
oped that the location was unsuitable, the hatchery was removed
in 1888 to Sisson, in Siskiyou County. The work of this hatchery
was to handle the eggs turned over to it by the United States Fish
Commission.

In 1895 another hatchery was built by the State near the mouth
of Battle Creek, a tributary of the Sacramento River. In 1896 and
1897 this hatchery was operated jointly by the State and the United
States Fish Commission while awaiting the appropriation of money
by the Commission to purchase it from the State.

In the fall of 1897 a hatchery was established by the State on
Price Creek, a tributary of Eel River, in Humboldt County, and in
1902 this hatchery made the first plant in the State of steelhead
trout fry.

Santa Cruz County has had a hatchery at Brookdale for a number
of years.

OUTPUT.

The following tables show separately the quantity of eggs, fry,
etc., distributed by the United States Fish Commission and the
State since the inception of the work. The large quantity of eggs
shown by the Commission represents largely the eggs supplied to
the State, which hatched and distributed them, and eggs sent to
other States and to foreign countries,

156 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Chinook. Steelhead trout. Total.
Year endin Cpa, .
ine ir aks Silver fry.
Eggs. Fry. Eggs. Fry. Eggs. Fry.
[S72 esas cece 30 GOO" saree. teste all eee ois eae | Seem eee amare | ence rears 30000) see - eee
187Sietccatec ten 1400000: |Rostntate gee liao teaee eee ee Stee cel eee cae 1,400; 0002-222 Scene
LOVE sees canes 4, 155, 000 850000) 225. -See < 8a eee ce eel ee seeeae ee 4, 155, 000 850, 000
Liaise See eee 6525070001) 215 70} 0008 | fae e seca Sete selon ees ee eee 6, 250, 000 1,750, 000
USUG 2. sce a .cis ee 5,065,000). 1,500; 000 | S202 2-2 cbe ae oselac ee eae fee anes ere 5,065, 000 1,500, 000
USM iwie.s 22sec = ele 4983'.000; | 2; 000000 |2s sc fetes ae sl ose ee ececcrereal| ores 2 parece 4,983, 000 2,000, 000
US(8A 52 esse aass 7, <S8L0:000' |i $23 500 i000) eons Soc eemes te eee see eee 7,810, 000 2,500, 000
TST Oren ine cess 47250; 0000s 2,500; 000: |oS2-tes eee eee a 5 aoe eee a aera 4, 250, 000 2,300, 000
1880.......----- 3,800,000 | 2,000,000 |.--..-.- Pees [eet aars ree | mene ener eer 3,800, 000 2,000, 000
TSR cane 43005000") 13,200; 000. |a22 2 toes Eee eens rae seers eee 4,300, 000 3, 100. 000
1BS2cce erases aca sa eee 93991, (00) |cccoee ce Ae eee Ses Pacice eee cleemie eeie ie eer tae 3,991, 750
1 fe Yap eee eer eee eee ee WG ADS. |e Sos scse: MAS See ce ee |. ybtemonse sl oath ee koeee 776, 125
URROD See eck 33450;.000) || 2 5005000;|25.. 2222.2 Hey am eee ae leaves ereys a smc 3, 450, 000 1,500, 000
TSOQE tes toe 1,554, 000 845 0008|i-c. a.225-- Hs 5. he ne ull ee ee rere 1,554, 000 84, 000
1 Dit) aes Serre 2,988, 000 TET OOO: |e oo 3 tcpcherere roaches er Steers saa 2,988, 000 777,000
18928 2. ce Sess = 2,902, 000 B15 sO Sarena Aw ae | clateta epee cya eee ee setae 2,902, 000 315, 500
SOB Ree Seer see 3.530; 0000) 1, LOO 1005| 22 25-2205 |besceeeeere lec ceeeen eee 3,530, 000 1,190,100
WO Aes crepcie a afore 7,500, 000 438, 500 280, 000 75, 000 308, 500 7.575, 000 1,027,000
1S 9 beet oeeie is cates 3, 676, 000 500; 000° |-¢1,250; 000 |--<.:.-.2.5- 41,184,500 3,676, 000 2,934, 500
1896 cite scent 6, 170, 800 PLD OO} | eee ao 175, 000 107, 808 6, 345, 800 823, 508
USO eeseraace eee 18, 232,590 | 3,056,701 298, 137 50, 600 257, 000 18, 282,590 3,611, 838
T8985. oc2.-s2222/130,605;000 15; 6435 300M ec -2 3 2-~-2.2e 60, 000 650, 000 30,665,000 | 16,293,300
WOOO ee erect oe 27669000!) Bs2t0;4l0. |atcac sae e ere) Seceeeee meee see ce a 27, 665, 000 3,275,110
190O%222.2242222 QEOZASOOO) I: SOAD00 tO Owl aa eS ae ee ae eee ae eee 2,925,000 3.533, 950
0) ae 3,934, 036 SBOE 10 ye cee cee, Sleep sree ayers ae | ence eter 3,934, 036 889, 570
WOODR Ase eee Se 72580 541034) 2 25115 2560) || 528 calls eae ollie yeeerss sf aem eee tae 17,580, 410 2,115,560
1O03R As aecaee es DTDs TUT Wi LeOLS 000: |axadoorocmen [sence seices eeee aaa 11, 2755-000 1,618, 066
S|) Penance 64,598,354 | 2,350,180 |...--..----- 1 eee eee | ee | 64,598, 354 2,350, 130
190525 2-2-2 .25--| (967025, 765 TBD DOU sak = See oe los 2e pleat tatel ae pease 96, 025, 765 7,561, 380
18S] 6 eae ee LO73905:045 652400, 400) |e cao ack er erate ee seem all epee tee meee 107,905, 945 3,496, 405
OU (Ese tee 73,376,315 QEb 2, Sa lbctcctsaeas alse eee see eae 73,376,315 2,512, 250
1903% 22 e5sueee 64.5090 ;b50)-| Ae e7RO ssbb |. seen cee SoG See Sere eleva 64, 990, 550 4,780, 855
WOOD 22 elec eae 32: '278), 2654 35090, 078: |aa 5-5 =o sso nee ce eels |e ee ee 32, 278, 265 3,590, 078
AGI) eee secee 80,5892 467.\|| 225286 $057 1 s..c8.totecces egee cee eae ae ee 30, 539, 467 2, 286, 257
otal. [855, 746,274 | 82,998,287 | 1,828,137 360,000 | 2,507,808 | 656,106,274 | 87,334, 232
a The calendar year was used up to 1889. d Includes 332,000 fingerlings, yearlings, or adults.
b The hatchery was closed from 1884 to 1888. e Includes 138 fingerlings, yearlings, or adults.

cIncludes 560,000 fingerlings, yearlings, or adults.

Output or HarcHertns OWNED BY THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.

Chinook. Total.

| |
Steel-
Year. head
Eggs. Fry.¢ | fry | Eggs. Fry.
|
fa he ogo) ee ee seeks BOO MOO Nic oct IS, Bosom 520, 000
Ce EN REN SIEM POR 850,000 |.........-|o----e--2-e- 850, 000
yk aa ee Nan Tae Creo F 8250, 000 2,250,000 |.......... 250, 000 2,250, 000
(aaa a Su CANALS 5 OE MEd 000/000"... .s.o00 dl eee ce cee 2°00, 000
Pei akg tot haces ae ee 9900 (00. 22055. casloaseses Soaks 2, 200, 000
RS se ee ke Bi SOOKOOG Noo aie t=: | encore 2,500, 000
7 ee OREGON OELES OT Pi tes 5 9) Sr ene See 8001000) [2.2 ail sac cee eee 2,300, 000
VSR Sees acco canes Semen oS eee eee [eae ee 2 2 POA -soceee see loca eaeace mes 2,225,000
HR he ene ees shat ap ieee Paeogenmee DMO G00 lc be cl caeee es 2) 420; 000
PS gee Cree a) tee ee ett: POON TSO las. ae, licens 3,991,750
TA 2s pet te ee ede fe oe vid CORIGOU WL. ee eee 600, 000
1886....... Sete ee hs ee ee estas TSO 550 a2ecn Soc see ee 150,000
ih ee ER ETERS SP ARAC GNC 0" SN OCR oc cae a8 | geseeneene= 200, 000
TE eR ES Sen De EH Hs STS $J9GOHG00 pool ce aoc ae 1,290, 000
GRR ee ee feos cee IB OU. eac eee 2, 168, 000
ROU Ure Se ae tc ce tee epee Need nae Lecesdoe TSONTOOUs oe sce cel Sa wioeset ou 1,320, 000
IhOU 2k ee ek eee peeeieya yc SO FORAOOU NS ces eel aS se i 2,798, 000
Eo eae aT ae ORO ete HET.) les teee see Gh TOO lees 03 lea cee eee 2, 651, 000
ss: ee Re IN Seneee ah PGA Ay (Oe ones Oat O50 l= 1s acter cereae 3,941, 650

aThe greater part of the output of chinook fry was from eggs supplied by the United States Bureau of
Fisheries hatcheries in California.
b All were lost.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 157

Output oF HATCHERIES OWNED BY THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA—Continued.

a |
Chinook. | ‘a
at ic Sica | Total
Year. head |
Eggs Fry. iry Eggs. Fry.

PM Asbo e co Ogorcmasacieilessedcercs 7,776,400 |.......... eee 7,776,400
UNS CFE errata cate a eer he Res Sic Sac eee vd yew cccres| aeons hie 3,485,000 |.......... | Sea eres 3,435, 000
BS SSsa Chete etereet ee eR e ae1-Re AM s ,o Spohn a Shiai |S Sew era ol Wb 288 ASSIS. See aces] osc acetcemiene 15, 283, 183
UG (Sk Ge ee ee (Co a US 2S; OU0 seas. ew eels nee cael. 18, 123, 000
UN See et Se rc ae acl Be Be eS. meer ees eS cree OBEY AT py shots eh eae peeseapenean PONS pS mie Faonae ate 31, 476,388
LLU eRe = Bee Saye nde em malic Givin Sarocupe ams ee hm wpais aie ae 215254; O00) sagen ss: cel waee secs vee 21, 234, 000
NE MG ced nue ea cok aee leak Niw cco cne 2° 536,000 |..........1............ 2” 536,000
EE) eth deli occa he nerds tainaroaee des © | kp emnicnes 3,239,000 }......... Tees ieee neat 3, 239, 000
BO reas tenth ace apres mye oravengn: Se erase pay ermecrs |) we a ei ercte 16,852, 040 BOL CODON in coe. Saas 17,153,040
(4213331. De 6 a ll CD aE eno on 20, 040, 487 P20. O00 scien hee 20, 160, 487
TLS (QV ay oe WE ee yO Ae ee ee ee | ee 63, 632, 000 OO O00) lnce fess on tx 63, 722, 000
Oe 8 ea mes hee kina ae ate eee lesen be le 87, 000, 000 108,000 |.....-... >: 87, 108, 000
10, a eae ais 6 2 Sp yee ne Tee 105, 815.920 tt OOO! Nic asthe coco 106, 058, 920
DON (rete tte ae cmc. Safa ce ee cay he AOS apr esis wees 71, 267,000 BOS VOOO! llesere ecco 71,619, 000
AEN eee eee a= 8-2 oda os crt ot BASLE wo a cima EIS cis. okys care 60,619, 000 V7, 000) ficeesse..ece% 60, 789, 000
iNSTO|S) << eel: e ee ee eee ee ee |e a ee 28, 000, 000 OLY OOO! |b sepecieatctos.ccc 28, 517, 000
St | ere 2 eh BAS acer BES er a eel ae ee 28, 469,745 | 667,800 |............ 29, 137, 545

Dao ES ea a eo en Se a 250, 000 621,174, 563 |2, 568, 800 | 250, 000 623, 743, 363

DISTRIBUTION.

The following table shows, by streams and species, the distribution
in California of the eggs, fry, etce., from the hatcheries of the United
States Fish Commission and the State. This far from represents the
work of the hatcheries, as large quantities of eggs were sent to other
States and foreign countries.

DISTRIBUTION OF SALMON Eaas, Fry, Etc., IN THE WATERS OF CALIFORNIA.

Klamath River and tributaries. Redwood Creek and tributaries.
|
| =
| Chinook. Silver. Chinook. Silver. Steel-
Year. head.
Vong: : Adults Adults
Fry. lines Fry. and year- Fry. Fry. and year-| Fry.
ove lings. lings.
Me aes oo 2. Sees Seu US OCR reas erates | epee ene armen! Ser A Sl nce ae Ath elt 6 ee, bE, Seale lateness
1's) kc a rile HOROOG) pee cls meek eet Jel SDS tee IG oct 172 eae
Rafe lacs se eicaacs 1477600) 25000) |e 2pc522 35) 22 |) AB OD ole oo ole ee Pe ee
BSUS aera maria )<ie/am'= eS = HoT 200i seete cal Gee seme echoes kcal LVOVOOU | 2. eos 2! eee, Al a
SOs ace ab ajee sees tos odcewes'l coc chee 300, 000 160,000 | 140, 000 100 0 a
ISM SS Aegon ne aA an ICRC e nena! |e ene nae ean by! eed Med AE ee ctervera | veers 107, 808
LUE ECE ees eee ee ere ae Ae | ae Nee ee (fee eee: ee Py (3) 0 202, 000
CES ee BG NOOO tee eea leaner ten eee es | (15260000). .2 oe ae Vee eee 650, 000
Ue ee re OVO ee. aicee lies © isak-=rre W saresohters meant en auenenente apes sai as eee ean ere Sang ae See eens
Potall... ccc... 810,800 | 25,000 | 300,000 | 169,000 | 1,943.450 | 264,750 | 400,000 $59, 808
i

158

DISTRIBUTION OF SALMON Eaas, F Ry, ETC., IN THE WATERS OF CALIFORNIA—Con.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Year.

Mad River and North Fork.

Chinook.

Silver. Honde

Steel- Chinook.

Fry.

Fry. Fry:

County

Marin 4
creeks.

Chinook.

Fry. )

7, 857,388
8, 202, 000

2, 06S
5, 257, 947
5,200,
8, 100, 000
9,265 920"), “2435000! |... 2 o.<Ikcceum tle wae eee
7,570, 000 25, 000
6::154,'000'| io tree loseance ale ooo eee eee
5;.500;000"| © 84930000125 «.<c0c|20525<cr) ee eee
INOtAl eee acs 145,365 | 923,387 | 368,500 | 66,061,755 |1, 455, 000 3,530, 000
Monterey
Sacramento River and tributaries. Bay and
tributaries.
Year. Chinook. Chinook.
Year- j
La lings, j
Figgs. Fry. finger- Fry. J
lings,ana
adults.
1 EY 6 eee eee 20, 000 520, 000
RY a es Aeaeee east emesis 850, 000
Ty Cee en ee a 250, 000 2,000, 000
US(Gseadcicencies sa cles nase 2,000, 000
UST oak o erates etaxn coe enceceees 2,200, 060
IS(StAb deseo nscescee leeeseasece 2,500, 000
ABT i cc ce emeen ose ace Ma eeenw eas 2,300, 000
TSSON Soca oe oe oases 2,225, 000
USS 22 Sse A loch Aas cell eta tees 2, 300, 500
18825. Gg hek be 80,300 3,991, 750
S84 ey scessat SASe cell Saceree ees 600, 000
TSSOscoccie. grees ta cos | Sates see 150, 000
TSS0es eases oo este a|careesceee 200, 000
TSSSoa ep rieee ce seRaeee lessees 1, 296, 000
TSEOT 6 ote oo ogee 2 sali atdowitere 3, 668, 000 |
SO) RS Os seast seco eoasass 1, 404, 000
ASOT, carn ieee cores nearer | meee ee 3,520, 000
SQ2 Sree Sees coe altaaesateee 2,676, 500
[ROS 5. Seen eeasee sect nes aes 4, 474, 750
S04 os Se ses ad acim ceil| veneer ee 8, 214, 200
1 B05 Fase otcenseelicsemeh aces 3, 935, 000
1SO6. Ae een en aaenee sere eee 15, 683, 183 |
DSO fee Sein nace etl nese ee 19, 264, 086
SORE rx cence aoe tere ciate eee fetes 33, 998, 300
SA 2 ese eres 85, 200 16, 307,110
(1 eer eee eee eee ee oe 5, 184, 950
1OOTE Se. sock ose oe weenie 4,128,570
1902 Faaaiciccces secon laos sees ex 16, 898, 100
NOOSE 2 aoe cine doneectl pete aera 16, 359, 605
1904 Gecine cea he oOs| Seaae sees 60, 782, 130
Bp 1O00 cee ea ian Oo coos |eee eee 94, 561, 380
W906 Sa acetreeccoes See ose eee 100, 038, 552
190 To isa 553.2520 be clon 66, 209, 250
VOOR ce 6h ee eee Sale ane Seek 59, 245, 855
1900 5.5 Sees sabe eects ae 26, 090, 000
Totallsiccie.ccnee 435,500 | 585,771,472 | 250,000 2,930, 000
a All were lost,
4

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 159

DISTRIBUTION OF SALMON Eaacs, FRY, ETC., IN THE WATERS OF CALIFORNIA—COn.

Monterey Bay
and ifbuta: ae Total.
ries. | ;
Silver. | P'2¢F Chinook.| Chinook. Silver. ce
Year. | 7
Year-
lings, et
rated finger- bs an >
Fry. | Fry. | Fry. Eggs. Fry. Hines, Fry. saat Fry. ,
and lings.
adults.

(YG tas SSO ee eee See eae eee eer ee 20, 000 HeUEOOUS nee ce aalic dec sae nic cceseclomaawemase
ic¥e eee eam (eam. Rite Pree ever eee BOOROUOr Nace eee) ccs eee dg yey ee
USTs sess be ee allie cee ates 250,000 | 250,000 P7217 (070, 0) fl Wee nt ee ae SR ee er eee | ccaen ee CW
eRe ete. cee Se See ke ara aS Sele eared sheiwte [Rae ece-o-ere DONO | 2 SPs eects 5. ot Sheet. cee? awe'el dca emaees
Tis ila eee | Aer es | ane fe Ny dt Te een efor e de eel Bak oes, octet hele Re
TMS tes:ac 2'd oc Mees life an tee LP a Seal R eects | act POUR OUD We oe ape career cee ee a lemea tenia | Saran
PEO Re oa i ics Peel ee ener 1s epee nal. ese ceva eats rete P10, O81 6 0 Raa | (eR ite en (Me pa ened ee
TiS 2 Aa eee (ee ae Hs ckec cee vee os |aaeee seis A I7735 810,010 0 RE eae) (rer ee se ary (Ma
USSU Sic ears'c: Be rete lai se.os ht Seok LO; O00) | See .e eae Dee UL Vee, ae (oan east ve | Seca lane cs ee
De Ses eee NB oe ETE 2 Se Malet, toes (U0 oll a es 2 8 AY d= [i emer age en ems
if ches ee ee a ee al | er A ees ene eee amen) GOU WOO: eg ee ot Se eee. oa eh sl ee
TS8Gi% 52S: apap -1 | | aaa) § Oa aerate Cheer peers TEU Us ee eset a eat eee ees eee
PSG a2 Satan. 82 pee lna tt oe Rawal eer steer bain DOO; 000 se accented on 5 Scieis sleet ac me eat Figs
Te eee Aah cic? Sally seta as ules = 2 ete lacecoeern ero OG aa Sara eee Son 2 ap olen eee a=
Ses eee sh gc ee ells Sepa eek a one focal So x hcybirsl|| ce aie <tarete aa CO OCC, | tices a at sla ch ae ce S| oll ee ale
er nee eee | SAN Be ha os ace scllle te ote eee Te d04 O00 8 oc, elo sa cee tls os5. < eth eee hanes
fits) eee ee ee er oe a PA fe ec, icee lte ae uawee BPP fa 0,0,) | | ae (ne ea OU ee (RR aca
ee Sees SNe nese Dae fei es ois « os ecte |v eme.c e 2s De TOOP OOO! | DE OOO We ocr elerae| lawl oe slecaeveme
USO Ses ces cece 2% a athe || one -c Keleee one meal Rees bese 1G Gos |e eee ees eeee elleee ae. esas Somes
CT ce teana etseads Sattnuee serail (shar cneoeteel| Leech Bishi iSia,o. $0 Svs | cuore See $5214 /900)) ...<....-'=- 2805000) eo. 5-24 a0 353,500
SEN er acs en ne Sete heel Lc. area Se aos stegesporeelllc cles & Se scene 3; 935,000) | _.-son: 910,000 | 560,000 }.....2.-.
(fat Ae ae AE al | eee eres (Aimee eee te [eee Se 15.748; 850: 1250; 000s 1-4 2-.52,cc)'e ct cee x 107, 808
Sd eras cate Be socal hg ao ia1d|lovc oie ches [ace = See, slllecast se ee 20,824,001 |en cee DOS NBT | cu cretare's 262,000
RN eo Mie 5 tes Wags oo oan hes ane | ratwaione « Bi LOL Senos 22+ eee aaa fos ote 650, 000
se ere Recyan tte dll iy males sta | 5 aed PE ar 9A seed (09 Me Is 01 (at) ee Fn Rees (ee Be
A Na res |< a2 race [ae sree | aac at gn meee |e coerce Ce DOU an 2 Salles ie cba a] ene meee te ee ee
Tere P es Sexca lta ord Sa nn ne aeel Oeasactat los aoe ees AOS DLO Ge .eecieecxe S222 Bde cmueca|a eee ose s
TASS. Opel as i a | ad | a ee (eee TS Ob GOOF La 5 aeeleesnacoy eee cee 301, 000
MM EY ate aut ane. fle aca sieimiee | omc cel] paces es atoll Seaieeles. ae Dy ZOTOSE ise seas ae esd cde aes: 120, 000
Dy eam Soak | nse ae [fast all Sara erere rel oe ai ae Ob OS TBO Wl. «cote eee seus loca anc ae 90, 000
eae se cicee bec aiscc loco ae ole ew aoe LOZ OGL SABO soe aes oe eee seein te ad 108, 000
UT Chere eee acco «is ct crave ll usc ec cc mis ee el Slew ct ee ae Ba 6 20 © yA | | | nV 243,000
UE ee ROL OOO eee ee Sst eee 783029; 250). oon ces 80} 000) |e. ee 487, 000
BO Steet cocchchapala SO ACO Wo 2) ake es |sicters artis s' o eevereseees 66,199,855 |... . 2. 80,000 |.......-- 170, 000
00.9) 42,000 | 1,200 |.......-- Seales, cra} Ob, OOO COOM Eo sees 42 000M cee ex se, 518, 200

Total........./202,000 | 1,200 | 260.000 | 435,500 1645, 201,236 |275,000 |1,690, 137 | 560,000 |3, 410, 508

|

OREGON.
HATCHERIES ON COASTAL STREAMS.

Roque River.—In 1877 Mr. R. D. Hume, who had been packing
salmon on this river for some years, erected a hatchery at Ellens-
burgh. In 1888 the Oregon Legislature appropriated a sum of
money for the enlargement and support of this hatchery, Mr.
Hume to retain complete control. As the location is on tidewater
it is necessary to catch the parent fish and hold them until they are
ready to spawn, and in order to do this Mr. Hume had an excavation
32 by 62 feet and 11 feet deep made in the bank of the river. This
was lined with concrete 1 foot thick, which, when filled with water,
made a pond 30 by 60 feet and 10 feet deep. Over the entire pond
he constructed a building which could be closed up so as virtually to

101379°—11——11

160 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,

exclude the light. It is supposed that retaining the fish in a dark
place aids in keeping them in good physical condition until ready to
spawn. The death of Mr. Hume in 1908 may lead to the abandon-
ment of this hatchery, unless the State or Government takes it over.

In 1897 Mr. Hume built and equipped a hatchery on the upper
Rogue River at the mouth of Elk Creek, about 26 miles from the
town of Central Point, in Jackson County, and, in pursuance of an
understanding with the United States Fish Commission, the latter
operated then and still continues to operate this plant.

In 1900 the Government established an auxiliary station for the
collection of steelhead trout eggs on Elk Creek, about 10 miles above
the main station. In 1905 a substation was operated at Grants Pass,
while during the fiscal year 1908 substations were operated at Findley
Eddy, on the Rogue River, Illinois River, and Applegate Creek,
tributaries of the Rogue.

Many of the eggs gathered at the upper Rogue River stations were
shipped to Mr. Hume’s hatchery, on the lower river, and there hatched
out and planted.

Coquille River.—The State formerly had a hatchery on this river,
but it was abandoned during the winter of 1902-3. In the winter
of 1904-5 a substation was established on one of the tributaries
of the Coquille River, about 6 miles from the South Coos River
hatchery, and was used in hatching eggs brought to it from the latter
place.

Coos River.—A hatchery was built by the State in 1900 on the South
Coos River, about 20 miles from the town of Marshfield.

Umpqua River.—In 1900 the State built a hatchery on the north
fork of the Umpqua River, near the town of Glide and about 24 miles
east of Roseburg. In 1901 a station was established farther up the
north fork, at the mouth of Steamboat Creek. After working here
two years the station was moved a couple of miles farther up the
stream. In 1907 work was resumed again at the original station near
Glide, as winter freshets had seriously damaged the upper station.

Siuslaw River.—In 1893 the State erected a hatchery on Knowles
Creek, a tributary of the Siuslaw River, about 20 miles above the
mouth of the river. It was turned over to the United States Fish
Commission to operate, but no fish came up to the hatchery because
the fishermen lower down stretched their nets entirely across the
river.

In 1897 and 1898 the United States Fish Commission operated a
hatchery owned by a Mr. McGuire and located close to Mapleton,
about 2 miles below the head of tidewater.

In 1902 the State established an experimental station at the Bailey
place, near Meadow post office. In 1907 a permanent station was
established by the State on Land Creek fork of the Siuslaw River.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 161

Alsea River.—In 1902 the State established a station on the Willis
Vidito place, near the town of Alsea. In 1907 an experimental
station was established on this river at the mouth of Rock Creek,
about 14 miles above the head of tidewater.

Yaquina River.—In 1902 the State established a hatching station
on the Big Elk River, a tributary of Yaquina River, about 3 miles
above its confluence with the main river. This station was made
permanent the next year.

Tillamook Bay.—In 1902 the State established a station on Wilson
River, a tributary of Tillamook Bay, and about 8 miles above tide
water. In 1906 the station was removed to the Trask River, a tribu-
tary of Tillamook Bay.

DISTRIBUTION.

The following table shows the distribution of fry in the coastal
streams of the State by the Government and the State.

DISTRIBUTION OF SALMON FRY IN THE COASTAL STREAMS OF OREGON.

Tillamook Bay and tributaries. Yaquina River. Alsea River.
Year ending June | Chinook. | Silverside. pteel | Chinook. | Silverside.| $2 | chinook.| Silver-
Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry.

1898s ha 5.2 Females TOE QOS 2c eis be ces [seine ote aicnel | ters crore Soe el] a ajarereecie erate cif tac erejera tess [aerate ence elo asians
GOS feet ce lac | eon ae Aa ateyell wisn snap earciays [eee sete DUS’ SOO! Visrere: ararac.cis otsi| siarare stars aia s.ateryeictinte| sles e omens
9052 esos 2). on ZOU 8710; lis Se ac caacccleseeoc hous OO Ce HOOK ns sete aa ce 677750) |s2.. othe
WOQP Ss ccm cece asd MOO; G00) Lwcac nciec olacieeis cares 3, 144, 380 985 220 Ve cacemataeeatameacee loans eens
OO Ge etersrie oto SSeS eas oe arg cl taoaciats | Sei 1, 407, 470 | 3,009,075 | 780,500 |1,000, 000 | 1,000,000
NOQG Eg Sacicecic cre = |Site aiccics|Seetsaculs wells Neos cee ae 816, 608 | 4,178, 000 |1,033,150 | 806,938 | 1,785,351
1 Ae UY (ee te eee 312,700) 2,648,000. [. sss232:-. LOTS 508: I 95557938) |) 1o10; 240 loajaaaabosies name ae
i et Eee ee eer ee 2)124, 000' |. 1,629,000 |...2.2...2 2,193, 043 909, 855. }.......... 199, 700 812, 300
NOOO Rissa cs tusiaceh ees idek ss 4,896,000 | 569,690 AS51500! |STR006,) G09" |= .5. 20s sea] amet eecee leccccasens
BOLO Ses 25 e282 SPs 624, 800 | 3,506, 990 |2, 309, 770 324, 038 Zar Gla | Seton coalesce sae |e ee

Total......../4, 182, 669 |12, 679,990 |2, 879, 460 11,061, 747 |12,073, 067 |2, 189,895 |2,074, 388 | 3,597,651

Umpqua

Siuslaw River. Banca Coos Bay and tributaries.

Year ending June 30— Chinook. | Silverside. easy Chinook. | Chinook. | Silverside. Saas
Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry. Fry.

SO feedeeaie seach cece

SOR Perse saan eee

shee? he oes & = enemas eee

AOI Sees a ee ii, Od | Seep Ate |e eee ean 30, 235, 000

OO ZNO es en chs ape se 112, 000 ZL SOO ss etersre cn. 1, 136, 000 2, 416, 350

1 OBE aOeHG Dee Cee OAG SOOO lene cascada eicietel| sisiclera sical US O96; 213) leanteciee astecc | bocwionaette na | ie meer aes

TASTY Le,» ale ee as S2LHOO ta eacksccace sect osceas cles 1, 399, 860 4079) 274 |2-s58sisewsetos ene scteiece

NOU EE sates sciccic ose oe 435, 162 3 TE 0 a ne 2, 654, 925 SEO M iy adiy: lees eretne fe | Sak pee eee

LOO GR ee Sek st 228 1, 826, 531 1, 296, 732 397, 355 4, 903, 700 2) 744 000) hist Geese Se aes

G0) fee sacs ee se 2 a 608, 949 P0380) 486 [26 oecierei oe 4, 685, 900 40143400 hee esas Moc canoes

OOS Mee ee eres oe oe 729, 130 5 Us Uy 4 Yul ee Sees 2, 378, 853 3 OOOH ODOM ts sc. Sere Mae see csc

ThE ee ee ee ene 191, 267 1, 092, 540 98, 243 4, 093, 848 2, 084, 500 1, 032, 000 222,000

SOLO Ree Fes had poh hayers 273, 352 25 289i| <cc.crctes sak 5, 686, 273 TG8S; (OST cations c]ecce mone sc
Totaleep eee 8,921,972 | 5,099,040 | 495,598 | 29,265,572 |. 24,134,434 | 1,032,000} 222,000

162 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
DISTRIBUTION OF SALMON FRY IN THE CoAsTAL STREAMS OF OREGON—Continued.
Coquille River. Rogue River and tributaries.
Chinook. Silverside. Chinook. Silverside. | Steeihead.
‘Year ending June 30—
Yearlings,
finger-
Fry. Fry. Fry. lings, and Fry. Fry.
adults.

TST e fo 048 fo 2 etek os cege eaile eile phar eae ee | See etocteee 50000 jen -nt one: soo cceethen lee seeeer ee
PSO Sb RE eee Meee e eee all SSR SRS SAE Rica feeem ae USOT 045.2556 <2 woe ee hee Acta Oe ee ee
1900 sericea ee is Sasa cece lames ee ae caallereeeee ces: D VSG GAB He 25 soja Ziecellicjercmiejemtetela ape tio eare eee
WOON 2A.232 So. 5 Aaa Need create cere 255) 0001 |Ce So. state oe 2; 967, (058: 282252 128, 000 65, 850
AQQD ee oie Ack At ars i aeatiecee | ese Saree am oe meted | ea clam encene A100; 163s | isanieetece 424, 530 20, 250
1908. o2 cate csenecwsaeoom eee oy OBI OHIT Mio care eee create 3; 480,300 "lh atetee. G80}'800) ||. 282 SSE sae
MO OA e233 38 ce tote ca acre Bec 1,000; 000"). 2 22-5442. 9 023 -428)|'...<5shetca| osoonn ee sere 8,073
PQQ5 SS Sf occ. eos each bee teks 2) 210000) cee 2 Ese B08, OOS: | eam osctecer 1, 250, 432 531, 000
1O0G Aces cok aches 2978; 700! I< cc cieces cece 47,500 719; 000) on Senet 12, 625
d £30 7 (hen et ee ot er ee 2 B40V000 No sn ncuc eee 5 S807 290 ese sc ects 1,375, 000 105, 300
WQOS3 cers wher a eyes c etete 2, 450, 000 226, 600 6, 597, 027 170, 051 158, 000 937, 680
TODD ects aiexe sore eerane. cobs thoretes| sia aar stern erecies 1, 185, 800 Titel i oo ce cone re eeve 643, 000 878, 847
W9NO 2 2 8t as nF. cheese alte esac cmeprlbat se eerees 1 ABO DOD aca Soe B5.| otereteyeliae oa 89, 850

Total Mac. ee eects 14, 798, 277 1,412,400 | 43,824,011 245, 051 4, 659, 762 2, 649, 475

Total.
Chinook. Silverside. Steelhead.
Year ending June 30— 7 a
Yearlings,
Fry. fingerlings, Fry. Fry.
and adults.

TST Tae Mts Ga Cs Sake 50000 Wns so5-censl eeneetsose eee (ha
i Uo}! 17 (eee ee cease iin Seer Soe eae eee Ses ae PRS Res pete 180,000) Ils foc. tesecd| Seeijtase< Sones |p Soe eee
UR OR eee sedi eee rsa araia le ch os pets a ers eS ee Tore DEO SLA liyctaxo-cnsrsis ecewadl| mcayarerer errs ere mis eT Ee
PSOO Soot as ak Se sh eee ei sac eet ama eee eae 2100 O00 ', | eseca15 <ea's craters!) Speraherseseet=rtis siete’ | eravetere eee
GOO eens eee noch tie oa tie ote ee eee eee 21561940! |S cccierecmans.c| Mek tieciee tee es | aocemeeeee eee
DOOM 2. BA setae ce teks ne cloetay closets oisislostree A 594 ODS Neco severe 128, 000 65, 850
O02 esa sia ct ae ee biiaje tener S re Cote eters tac 8 1S I is Bt | ee ee re 639, 330 20, 250
L908. cos ct cdi adcce cen Sac aplasia telns sorces oe cen eeS OAT G04 Ih Cebit fo! 6805800} || pccmaeccoete one
OOS ess bee ER Rae Seis Sionacarevel Oe Moe ate oehersets 203268; SOO Sehr tata soe 985, 220 8,073
QOS <<, 2.2. Save ce tine doeShe a sroibie cit tres AAotl Aste <p aleeteiene 163343 7382) | sete ee tee 5,571, 407 1,311, 500
NOB CS tio k Sameer ace <b eee eee aes eee ese 14, 123, 977 75, 000 7, 260, 083 1, 443, 130
LOOT iE cai wae soe = Aes eee elo Saco sacine eoLeaniese 20; 2612 7474 |ci case esas 7,009, 279 481,545
T9OS: sss side hforere dda seat Ac arate a cdiste viewraleis aotereres 19, 671, 753 170, 051 4, 863, 048 937, 680
TOQO Eo ese Settee Se faee ie a eon ire cies aeclaree ete meres 115,020; 820) |= ac ccecnte 3 9, 855, 649 1, 768, 780
TOLO Seok eee eee So ee acon ates aoe eames LOS022 A030 eeeecceeeces 3, 561, 094 2, 399, 620

Mota soak sets Se oe leh Sea ae yarn seater tee 138, 213, 070 245, 051 40, 553, 910 8, 436, 428

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

163

The following tables show the total output of the hatcheries in
Oregon owned by the United States Bureau of Fisheries and the

State of Oregon:

Output oF HATCHERIES OWNED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Chinook, Silver.
Year ending June 30— Fingerlings, Fingerlings,
Eggs Fry. yearlings, Eggs Fry. yearlings,

and adults. and adults.

PS RO MRM as AM SoS sro aap | Gone aeniacteninasa 45000004 s...02 essa tans) soa aaueecs sc) sane cmcioce seh estemeentye
TCC cet ee 1,000,000 FG Dysarts aleeweweeeccallisies hewcensiesleceaccesn tos
ROME, ste racy s omee eee 700, 000 OOD D208 ce tect ait | see eter al ic cart otter oe acweeamesee
DSO DM et os ced cpt Seen moe esi cietsts aie oe A soz ON | tees carson eee Race oat 2 |e mwe se omer | eh. eae
SORE ee oc hue atau eects | Sass ci tese es AS SOOSQOOR| occ 5< 5. site SAE < Dectents ¢sv.c| ena aecaix alle as osmacises
PRO AE te SAE ee pine nc eae bo neo wens PP MOOM S eeseeh amc ea | Geen tee aoe alec ecaute - S[h2 = con tte
1838159 4g A DSsO0O) ates seen wom seen cate cc leteeckwca sistas ceekerwes sclececsaaes ate
11a yao ge eee a ete | Qe @ 2, 832, 150 De a LOU |e deeceissai = 2 'cre re) 21s. Se are cette, ci | 2s a,eme ook ee
TRO Pe eee te sr Rae eee eine eros Ralestciocte POU AN GO | tee ese wos lse concer sao cemasnceiets <|sacelscosace
UO RM er 53 8a Neen amesee meen oe LEGO sty hee abe see | ese eee en ee, Gee eee Sein ee
HIQG OMNES ge S528 ce 27, 000 ASU EO See eters oe Pelle care als wierwacalin cee. qseinc one | oo Ue Sk neces
OM Bete ec share obs eb ar: 1, 800, 000 BP ZONA Ed ses aaa cece iss ce S55 So 146; 894 122222 ese
HOO ee eee se kate secs 1, 100, 000 1,669, 857 WHOS i oc case aoa 128, 000'|...-2.2-<¢s-
SK (0 SR als ged er ee 1, 866, 000 WEDS OGD: ec 82 oatte AN Ae sedans, ote ADA DB: |cmhoan- sone
1173 ae ee ee gee eee 4, 884, 400 5, 453, 860 250 OS0; S00) | ec cra cree al aac eee ee
LOU sarees oc ade 3, 113, 000 LUST Us |e ee ene ee eared Se era saje ee Panera Baeee
(eer tte ee 30,000 Op RzeOSGd ses ae 2 | Seatacna eae W200; 432 |ecaem asses
OU Pees To See tole 28, 200 2,454, 371 127 OBO sce cesar ce.d|Seneeesace sr 300
11,07 ee 1,661, 390 Sota LOS het aad lesa eae etal tena awen, toast Sackabee des
1120 SCAR sc Be Se ae 2,045, 000 7,844, 827 627 S0G ss nce een oe 158, 000 57,932
OO Qe are haces seek 3,531, 000 5,021, 655 LOG ences ope ree POOR OND ae cs ater k ie
TON () Seer ete cane naka ms Sos 3, 953, 992 4, 220, 197 Dey eet ratetine oe Al ca a eee abana
Oval Soe, -emew acral 25, 762,982 | 122,807,506 | 1,312, 892 680,800 | 3,907, 701 58, 232

Steelhead trout. Total.
Year ending June 30— Fingerlings, Fingerlings,
Eggs. Fry yearlings, Eggs. Fry. yearlings,

and adults. and adults.

ESR Ee bait = cl ceo ya esd hae alas Sones ecee s|Wasmeotens acer 49500000) 22s se 3;
ENO ata eras oe ites’ s leis ncn, gro atc iste ace ate a 'atorme es] Se Siorieens a See 1, 000, 000 DAA O E10 ll aememak sSce
A pSth Inne A ope eres Betersl |B Rar eten oat | oem ne Sees |[Saoece ane ss 700, 000 ASOOU 525" |<. -osaverees
TS 2 eee eave estate S 2 aN Som. atnass «ciel eieerae As eie | saidisioee lee es | merle wocie'sia< UF S22O0) oaSterjctevsars oie
SU eee ae eae ee eS WE ee yas alee aS ae cle bite ian ag ales 5S 4,100,000 |............
PRU e eae eA tee Vg fot ce EN See en [nla nonasa ek |p ee aaesetee ss BUS 000i | 24 fae 2os oe se
SO Fee eas earns e eS attasiallap n=l sac |l oo taratak eel Soe amaecincees Zo v000! |ecimeteass eset c scene sees
TSOGee eta eer a is 2 8 eoes| oss = cle ns anaes alaumewte eens sl eeseghacs aces 2, 832, 150 557, 150
AD) pM teeta (eA Ne Mere ood eee amc | ose mamameenions 4929) 684 1 282.0 c.0< cs 0
Tea) SS ee a aisha Gite hae Ne ct sieis tate | Rie Bee eigen tui fe Senoecetei<inis.e.s [lo bis lee mais we aie 1679154512) 2. S22 oni etine
IGS Sees a eienenias Seen meee ote 159, 000 F115 eae See eee 186, 000 A BID O20 |cawae sence
119010) SESS pee el eee aoe 415, 000 995000 is Meese 2,215, 000 45372, 191 | 25s... ioe
CX) | A ee ne ase ee 246, 000 65, 850 25, 000 1,346, 000 1, 863, 707 26, 668
1G UPAR OR 2 Peer eee eee ae 481,000 QO 250 incite ase. 2,347,000 T2FOS1PSEK| 82 24 nck bee
1S) 08 ae eee 400, 00 262, 700 62, 033 5, 965, 200 5,716, 560 62, 283
dee eee eos sae ee weal ocess wee 23, 205 11, 090 3, 113, 000 15, 293, 880 11,090
LOS ee ta cer amas ncse ar 50, 000 584; O00 osesis ee oe at 80, 000 M1 GOT OOSc| connec
TU ts OE oo eee eee 10,000 | 1,294, 485 40, 383 38, 200 3, 748, 856 163, 663
He) (eee arate na ois ay 50, 000 105; 8008225 sc cece oe 1,711, 390 S\O47) 404 | sictjecrcaccies
DSi et ee Fe soed ieee ee 263, 725 052,680) lea tacesas2 2, 308, 725 8, 955, 507 685, 788
11011 eee oe ee eee ST 468i de Shh, O08: |act<njeac nas 3, 582, 468 8, 195, 878 2, 763
TES) sR | re ee DOTA GI SS)|acoeeeeteeee 3, 953, 992 6, 294, 385 | 225
MOtA oo. seccacee hee <a 2,126, 193 | 6, 818,091 | 138, 506 28,569,975 | 133,533, 298 1,509, 630

| !

a All but 17,000 of these were from eggs received from the California stations.
6 All raised from eggs received from the California stations.

164 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

Output oF HATCHERIES OWNED BY THE STATE OF OREGON.

- A Y Silverside Steelhead
Year. Chinook fry. fry. trout fry. Total.
50,000 : 50, 000
POMO20E ae oo ectaee eee aft 79, 620
1,876,500 |.. 1, 876, 500
1,834, 290 |.. 1, 834, 290
2,554, 290 | .- 2,554, 290
1,300,000 |.... 1, 300, 000
4,500,060 |.... 4, 500, 000
990, 000 990, 000
@ 792,000 792, 000
2,500, 000 2,500, 000
2, 500, 000 2,500, 000
2,700, 000 2,700, 000
2;500; 000!) so3 2 se. <2 = 200, 000 2,700,000
sb O25000 A ewise = secs = 245, 000 7,807, 000
| 11,220,550 7,957,000 256, 327 19, 433, 877
TOQS Soe tee tem ea Bee coe nee ee ee 18, 502, 072 3, 288, 600 300, 850 22,091, 522
[O04 eect rere Sees ses eon SARE te ee b 48, 730, 791 3,974, 185 143, 849 52, 848, 825
LOPS ceetee oe eteee aac eee eee: eee sae oe 16, 393, 249 5,509,085 | 1,495, 735 23, 398, 069
1906s oeccoe oe concn sees ee eee eee ¢ 27, 404, 596 7,503,655 | 1,859,696 36, 767, 947
SL GHENT, fie sect ee seer we ct ae I cae d 25, 156, 732 6. 446, 628 376, 245 31, 979, 605
1DOS re oer nee as Sek ee eine eo eee gee ane € 21, 209, 394 Ds0005 COG sae on anes 26, 569, 103
1909 24 cen k Ges be heed Geese geome See ee aa secon | f 20,108,990 9, 212, 649 1, 403, 129 30, 724, 768
191 Oeste ctsssrsa oaaet oer chvewrengetetoceseees MEDS oie. ee g 24, 169, 365 3, 631, 827 2, 364, 120 30, 165, 312
ER OG eee tate alc) see es Sraicle cea eae aie 244,634,439 | 52,883,338 | 8,644,951 | 306, 162,728
}

a Eggs from which hatched obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
b 6,826,540 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
¢7,714,000 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
43,550,000 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
€ 3,020,000 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
7 6,581,000 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.
9 6,465,300 eggs were obtained from United States Bureau of Fisheries.

COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES.

The first fish-cultural work upon the Columbia River and in Oregon
was at Clackamas, on the Clackamas River, a tributary of the Willa-
mette River, which empties into the Columbia River about 180 miles
from its mouth.

This hatchery was built in 1876 by the Oregon & Washington Fish
Propagating Co., which operated it until 1880. In 1887 the State
provided for and there was appointed a State fish commission.
Almost the first work of the commission was to spend $12,000 appro-
priated by the legislature to put in repair and operate this hatchery.
On July 1, 1888, it was informally turned over to the United States
Commission of Fish and Fisheries, which paid over the purchase
price, took formal possession in the following winter, and has oper-
ated it ever since, with the exception of several years when the build-
ing of dams stopped the progress of salmon to the hatchery. During
this period a temporary station for the collection of eggs was estab-
lished on Sandy River, about 15 miles away, and on Salmon River,
a tributary of Sandy River, both tributaries of the Columbia River.
Some eggs were also brought in from the California hatcheries and
hatched at the Clackamas station. In 1901 the hatchery was moved
about 4 miles down the river and has since been operated as both
a rearing and a collecting station. In 1901 the State established

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 165

another hatchery on the Clackamas River about 30 miles below the
main station and between the North and South Forks. In 1904 all
were turned over to the United States. In 1907 an experimental
station for the collection of eggs of the early variety of chinook salmon
was established by the State of Oregon on the Clackamas River below
the Portland Railway, Light & Power Co.’s dam at Cazadero, but this
is now operated by the United States Bureau of Fisheries.

In 1889 the State established a hatchery in the cannery of Mr.
F. M. Warren, at Warrendale, in Multnomah County, on the Colum-
bia River, which was operated in that year and in 1890.

In 1895 some of the Oregon salmon packers combined and organ-
ized the Columbia River Packers’ Propagating Co., which estab-
lished a hatchery on the upper Clackamas River at the junction of
the Warm Springs and the Clackamas and operated it in 1895 and
1896. The Government operated it in 1897 and 1898, after which
it was turned over to the State and moved to the opposite side of
the river.

In 1898 the collection of steelhead trout eggs was first undertaken
on the northwest coast by the State of Oregon on Salmon River, a
tributary of the Columbia River, and met with fair success. In
March, 1899, the Government sent a party to the falls of the Willa-
mette River, near Oregon City, to collect steelhead eggs, and also
operated for this purpose at its substation on the Salmon River, but
the latter effort met with failure, as the rack was washed away.
This station was turned over to the State on June 15, 1899.

In 1901 the State of Oregon did some experimental work at Swan
Falls, on Snake River, the boundary for a considerable distance
between Oregon and Idaho. During the winter and early spring of
1902 the State also worked Tucannon River, which is a tributary of
Snake River, for steelhead, but met with poor success. Snake
River was worked again in 1902 at the foot of Morton Island, which
is situated 2 miles above Ontario, in Malheur County. Title to the
necessary property was secured from the War Department in 1903
and permanent buildings were erected.

In 1901 the State of Oregon established an experimental hatchery
in Wallowa County, on the Grande Ronde River, at the mouth of a
small tributary called the Wenaha River, which enters the main
stream about 50 miles from its mouth. A permanent station was
established in the canyon about 14 miles below the Wallowa bridge
on the Wallowa River, a tributary of the Grande Ronde River, in
1905.

In 1902 the State of Oregon erected a permanent plant on Salmon
River at its junction with Boulder Creek.

In the same year the State established an experimental station
on the McKenzie River, a tributary of the Willamette River, about

166 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

one-half mile above Vida post office. This experimental work was
resumed in 1905 at a point 2 miles below Gate Creek. The hatchery
was permanently established at a spot about 30 miles from Eugene
and near the town of Leaburg a year or two later.

In 1906 an experimental station was established by the State on
Breitenbush Creek a short distance above its junction with the
Santiam River, a tributary of the Willamette River, but the plant
was destroyed very shortly after its establishment, by a forest fire.
An experimental station was reestablished here in 1909, but a heavy
freshet raised the river so high that the penned fish escaped around
the rack.

In 1909 the State of Oregon built at Bonneville, on Tanner Creek,
a tributary of the Columbia River, a large central hatchery capable
of handling 60,000,000 eggs, it being the intention of the State to
hatch at this plant the eggs collected at other stations.

The first entrance of Washington (then a Territory) into fish-
cultural operations was in 1879, when the State fish commissioner
paid the Oregon & Washington Fish Propagating Co., which was
operating the hatchery on the Clackamas River, $2,000 for salmon
fry deposited in that river. In 1893 the State legislature estab-
lished a hatchery fund which was to be supplied by licenses from
certain lines of the fishery business. In 1895 its first hatchery in
the Columbia River Basin was built on the Kalama River, about 4
miles distant from its junction with the Columbia, and in Cowlitz
County. Another station for the collection and eyeing of eggs was
established on the Chinook River, a small stream which empties into
Baker Bay near the mouth of the Columbia.

During the fiscal year 1897 the United States Fish Commission
established a station on Little White Salmon River, a stream which
empties into the Columbia, on the Washington side, about 14 miles
above the Cascades. During the fiscal year 1901 an auxiliary station
was operated on Big White Salmon River, while fishing was carried
on in Eagle and Tanner Creeks, in Oregon, the eggs obtained from
these creeks being brought to the Little White Salmon hatchery.

In 1899 the State of Washington built and operated hatcheries
on the Wenatchee River, a tributary of the Columbia River, about

4 miles from Chiwaukum station on the Great Northern Railway,
and on Wind River, a tributary of the Columbia, about 1 mile from
the junction.

In 1900 Washington State hatcheries were established in the
Columbia River basin as follows: White River hatchery, which was
built on Coos Creek, which empties into a tributary of the White
River, the location being about 24 miles from where the Green
River joins the White River; Methow River hatchery, built on the
Methow River at the point where it is joined by the Twisp, about

167

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

22 miles from the Columbia River; Colville River hatchery, built
on the north bank of Colville River, about 14 miles from its mouth,
and about 1 mile from Kettle Falls; Klickitat River hatchery,
located on the east bank of the Klickitat River, about 6 miles from
its mouth; and one on the Little Spokane River, about 10 miles from
its mouth and about 9 miles north of the city of Spokane. The
Klickitat River hatchery never was operated, while most of the
others were operated intermittently.

In 1906 a hatchery was established by the State of Washington
on the Lewis River, some distance above the town of Woodland.

The following table shows the plants of salmon and steelhead
trout in the Columbia River and its tributaries by the Bureau of
Fisheries and the States of Oregon and Washington:

TABLE SHOWING THE PLANTS OF SALMON FRY IN THE CoLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
Since 1877.

—
Columbia River and tributaries.
Year ending June 30— af ; Seca Total.
¢ _¢... | Silverside | Steelhea
Chinook fry. fry. trout fry.

PSU Se rete cee Sct. Lake dente cue eca tae BOO (O00 oak Sere mcrae S| a ereee mn ee = 300, 000
IS IRCZPR A ASL So Sane ser oe LMoas sie SHR hice atdagee 194020 Ul eecteianaciachall £ arenas acorns 79, 620
Ft, ee Sete Sere ern es te ey Ney as eae DO LOVOUON| trcriaccaste|e ecw oscisct06 3, 076, 500
fo MMO R Se 25> Se me a Sek Picaes See a crt oc Fame he URSA 200K le Sas ease sone eee eeuhoncre 1, 834, 290
Tey ey Pe Dem eee 8 Li Sd nk a A heed Soke eee Dye, 2) | See eee See ele ocid ee mae 2,554, 290
Tis Loo eee ees Ee cee ee ee eh wee nee PE SOU5 OOO! IE c.are c jase aseis|(ocin stress cece s 1,300, 000
EBROE Semone, ch Sa Ao taee ct seat Se aki ta Genes vebetie cians Ay O00; 000) jes. ccseeccigs| acces saewe se 4,500, 000
ISO (Esme NAA Oe SOs ey Ve a canst cle oe Eee, 2 ois Sona SOLED: Na eet gara ll ae aie Seratetoeay 3, 756, 475
TIS LG oe Su 5 Si pe oe ei mee eh aie ee ce RA ener POOL O00 ice came aaicmmteclo names: 5, 694, 000
SOD Meee hie ais eto oe a se Boel tions Seah ane cn Al Soa; AQOM ac cee eta cc ees een! 1,332, 400
BESO cye ait Peas iS Latha. So ael n, Sateen ern Seles wees ote 4 100)000"| Sc.S25 coacese|sccc cum eceos 4, 100, 000
LESIONS <a ates Sa oe nN ene SOOO te Se 213) O00) | Somaeremnaan paosere sae ane 213, 000
SES ry aN aes Oy hc BNE fafa cree erreur Oras as sie tere: BOs 523) 000! eee aM ce boned )aase ce Scese 2,523, 000
UR eae se Bi a So che ts oe ccd yma Oe ee Sel eal BD LOS889) S00) aa ds. 5-6 enselSaceeek canes 10, 389, 300
HS pe eRe ce ead om bis neice earns oe ga ka eee LORE BOL ee Seek ee ees oe ee 10, 641, 394
ESO Sees weet acne 22 22 os Stas a hap Meroe Soe se kes 20 leas OFA eae ee aa aa eins «es 26, 212, 074
BOO Me ARE Sete ete c cinttro as ated ai wits otha telcos ems ae ee LO OTD 2AT Ws eek ee 8, 625 19, 987, 866
Th2 0,1 ck ed ee ee ae ee ee eee eee 22,510,869 | 7,175,824 299, 000 29, 985, 693
COs eapcenes af cae a a en | ¢ 24,978,978 | 5,559, 750 245, 000 30, 783, 728
EO) Raeeeee oe ee Ae tea ont ee gS Boe Se yeh ack | 44,328,085 | 17,545, 724 256, 327 62,130, 136
LO ne ee crema: Pant fs) no Sak Ne EN 40,174,313 | 8,721,720 d 600, 583 49, 496, 616
LOA a Soo a Sacre ton 8 soe ots ovin amee as | Se: 71,694,587 | 8,422,085 158, 981 80, 275, 653
TAS) Nr ie SE SE Seen ct) Rog ee Rana ORE kl el ENO | 17,107,217 | 1,354,610 € 768, 235 19, 230, 062
PONG eRe Sere set eras lag Mere ogee abet Sat Soon bw kee Ff 36,372, 785 9 828, 872 | h 1, 769, 494 38, 971, 151
EE OM) Temerercasie he 2 be etn Eee har cles oer a iis ove 23,171,235 | 2,657,349 26, 640 25, 855, 224
RO Meee ER Lee nn Lee aphasia wes te har pe tae | % 34, 852, 008 1, 705, 543 15, 000 36, 572, 551
EOS Seaeeee la Meee ais eee oe Raa oe Ne | 9 33,098,943 | 2,439,415 | 1,058, 657 36,597,015
HI (Peepers We) eed io Bose as eee ie eats 6 ye 137,744,002 | 3,374,733 |m 2,063, 688 43, 182, 423

EN OURU SS oi or Sio, Says ye tie Sh as Jap gs AES ee 484,518,606 | 59,785,625 | 7,270,230 551, 574, 461

a Includes 23,000 eggs.

b Includes 557,150 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.

e Includes 1,668 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.

d Includes 37,033 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.,

e Includes 50,000 eggs.

f Includes 48,200 eggs and 47,980 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
g Includes 300 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.

h Includes 24,383 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults, and 58,000 eggs.
t Includes 1,995,746 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.

j Includes 16,949 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.

k Includes 50,000 eggs.

1 Includes 225 yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
m Includes 25,000 eggs.

168 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.
WASHINGTON.

Willapa River—In 1899 Washington established a hatchery on
Trap Creek, a tributary of the Willapa River, situated about 200
yards from the creek’s mouth.

Chehalis River.—The construction of a hatchery on the Chehalis
River, about 4 miles above the city of Montesano, was begun by the
State in October, 1897, but owing to bad weather and extreme high
water was not completed until late in 1898. The hatchery was a
failure until 1902 when a fair season was had, as was again true in
1903. It was not operated in 1904. Since the State began taking
eggs from the Satsop River, a tributary of the Chehalis, it has been
possible to fill the hatchery each season.

Puget Sound and tributaries—In 1896 the State established a
hatchery on Baker Lake, which is the head of Baker River, a tribu-
tary of the Skagit River, and this was the first establishment for
the hatching of sockeye salmon. In July, 1899, it was sold to the
United States Fish Commission. In 1901 steelhead trout eggs were
collected on Phinney Creek, about 5 miles from the town of Birds-
view, and some 30 miles from Baker Lake. In 1901 an auxiliary
station was opened at Birdsview, on Skagit River, and steelhead
trout eggs were collected on Phinney and Grandy Creeks and brought
to Baker Lake to be hatched.

In 1898 a private hatchery (the necessary money being raised by
subscription among the residents of Fairhaven, now Bellingham,
and vicinity) was built near Lake Samish, a few miles from Fair-
haven.

In 1899 a hatchery was built by the State on Kendall Creek, a
tributary of the Nooksack River, about 300 yards from same, and
about 2 miles from the railway station of Kendall. Except in 1903,
this hatchery has since been operated continuously. An _ eyeing
station was built in 1907 on the south fork of the Nooksack River,
about 1 mile from Acme.

In the same year the State built a hatchery on the Skokomish
River, about 4 miles from its mouth. An eyeing station was also
erected on the north fork of the same river. The main station was
not operated in 1904 and only on a small scale in 1903 and 1905.

The State in 1899 built a hatchery on Friday Creek, a tributary
of the Samish River, situated about 1 mile from the mouth of the
creek.

The following State hatcheries were first operated in 1900. Sno-
homish hatchery, built on the west bank of the Skykomish River, a
few miles from its mouth; Nisqually River hatchery, built on Muck
Creek, about one-half mile from the Nisqually River, and about 4
miles from the town of Roy, in Pierce County; and the Stillaguamish
hatchery, located on the Stillaguamish River, about 4 miles from the

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 169

town of Arlington, in Snohomish County. The latter has since
been moved to Jim Creek, a tributary of the south branch of the
Stillaguamish River.

The Startup hatchery, located near Startup, on the Skykomish
River, was formerly used as a collecting station for the Snohomish
hatchery. It is still used for this purpose, but also retains and
hatches a considerable quantity of spawn. The station is about 4
miles from the Snohomish hatchery.

In 1900 the State established a fisheries experimental station at
Keyport Landing, on the east arm of Port Orchard Bay, with Pear-
son as the nearest post office. The work of the station is devoted
to salmon and oysters.

The State established a hatchery on the Dungeness River, about
7 miles from the town of Dungeness, in Clallam County, in 1901.
In 1906 it constructed a hatchery on a small tributary of the Skagit
River, between Hamilton and Lyman. The station built on Sauk
River, a tributary of the Skagit, has been operated only occasionally
since the Skagit hatchery was built.

The United States Bureau of Fisheries has now (1911) under con-
struction hatcheries on the Duckabush and Quilcene Rivers in
Hoods Canal.

The following tables show the total output of the salmon hatch-
eries in the State of Washington owned by the United States Bureau
of Fisheries and the hatcheries owned by the State itself:

OUTPUT OF THE SALMON HATCHERIES IN WASHINGTON OWNED BY THE UNITED STATES
BUREAU OF FISHERIES.

Chinook. Sockeye, or blueback. Silver.
|
Year ending Finger- Finger-
June 30— lings, lings,
Eggs. Fry. yearlings,| Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Eggs. Fry.
and and
adults. adults.
nase oe a 1 BS85 700 le Saceccee 2 ates Sb tial re eek Ines S crakharte Sie
baasniesaes s TOO ISSO) [oe eas sec. cscs eyaicies: anste eaueieraisicsigs ove
4, 926, 000 1 Py 49s oe 5 ae < etciateteleisie rc: |ovaehesiele = ars paictele serersiemmste
2,686,000 | 6,626,947 |......... =| 10; 6835000) |. jen ecsc [sce cnc cde |ecamcaisis date
6,581,000 | 5,427,680 |......... Ds Soa ADS | ois ewce saad ae wares 174, 041
Se ee 15, 637, 687 |.......-.. 9011 O00 lo=. BR ey CO re
mints, |[Retwsscs eee TGS FCA OBO Mian ees de..<loec Oy 1O1G OO Ne os Deuce sie 81, 812
eg OU0s OOOH I 380; 18s. [EAs 2c 52c2foaceen.s eee sO QUO) ais ya. teeta ces Sercielra 3, 984, 645
han Seen AV QSGFALO Seaese cane |: see ello SLO ZOL 107, 000 8, 071, O81
7,714, 000 | 14,846,905 |.......... 880,000 | 3, 285, 130 239, 180 6, 445, 574
33950;000) |) «6; 512,788) | 222s sscc0c|veceeoosse 4,224, 255 |..--...06- 760, 000 3, 636, 952
1, 485, 000 | 12,372,503 |1, 537, 941 75, 000 | 85,514,305 |...--.....- 296,000 | 13, 262,714
3,050, 000 | 11,565, 553 14,186 | 100,000 | 5,430,626 ].......... 272, 000 7,661,110
8,818,250 | 9,175,610 |....... ee eae ae AS5D4, 820) [ease es< 552 275,000 | 10,888,025
Total. .} 41,311, 250 |131, 593,814 |1,552,127 |1,055,000 | 59, 303, 664 19,500 {1,949,180 | 54, 205,954

170

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

OUTPUT OF THE SALMON HATCHERIES IN WASH NGTON OWNED BY THE UNITED STATES
BuREAU OF FISHERIES—Continued.

Humpback. Steelhead trout. Total.
Year ending Finger- Finger-
June 30— lings, lings,
Eggs. Fry. Eggs. Fry yearlings,| Eggs. Fry. yearlings,
and and
adults. adults.
117 (oe MOR eaten one ema ee nd Pen en aera Nae ferrite i (Bose 0) See haem een S 11848 5760)| 2 eee
URO8 2 ad ee ck dood ood eas Sande lesce ce te see |o: seat do | See Set eee), AiiOo LOO) eae :
TROD aos = JOAa ee eel lek «is is iyes| See So AS Senet cee he ere 4, 926, 000 3791 \0505|2 cee eee
OOO eae ee an ace ee oe eee | Cee eee ae 200008 |S SF. s2es 2,686,000} 17,335,947 |......--.-
2 Ae 0) Ree Oe ns s| EA eee | PCR ae oe tel Le Set eae oh Ly Pee he 6,581, 000 9) 4365174). 2: tee
OOD eee cleo oeeeoeelt se cae tees |oemeneaenee 1LOYOOO! | |2eeeee a te ee 19,118,687 |222 2228822
1903222 .22casel Ss lohecee|steswrceees 80, 000 440,000 | 223,815 80,000 | 21,027, 631 223, 815
O04 ee Sonne loses ees 176, 597 255, 000 TO 000 Seoa-e8 ee 7,761,000 | 25,472,425 |.....-.-.- '
ah Uae See Lae Meme ERE ater 414, 400 40a eer 521,400 | 20,129, 843 10, 000
1O0GE223 =e ae 2, 000 969, 990 348, 000 540) 000M eee eae 9,183,180 | 26,087,599 9,500
190 fis feces oN ete aaecte | soe eee 200, 000 9411505) | 3288 see =e 4510;000),|' 15,315,450 \ec2c-scee
i h(t) eee 502,000 | 6, 764, 762 224, 000 ASOnOLG? [ee ee eee 2,582,000 | 41,051,200 | 1,537,941
WOOO! Sete hes ANCA Rise s.ceol Sct peraeee 220, 000 GLVGOL lee cara attec 3,642,000 | 25,374,980 14, 186
NOVO SS ocaie ate t ee ci eenes| 1, 368, 000 300, 000 | 1, 437,038 |......-.-- 4,388, 250'| (27, 423,498')) 222.202
Total 504, 000°} 9,279, 349 | 2,041,400 | 4, 422,355 223,815 | 46, 860, 830 | 258, 805, 136 | 1,795, 442
i

OurrutT OF THE SALMON HATCHERIES OWNED BY THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.

= "4 Sa Silverside Sockeye
Year ending Chinook a, Hump- z ’..’ | Steelhead
June 30— fry. Dog fry. | pack fry. ee he trout fry. Total.
N80 Gh ceceonsese 4 500 s0000|: Sscca: hee ncee assesses bos seceees ole eae ce Swale stra 4, 500, 000
TSO F So tS owet2 < A’ 050; OOO Tee 2 a.<. 2 see! cae Saree ia etta eels 500; O00) ce seciccaces 9, 550, 000
ROSE Seno aecerer B21 000322 And ace. ata Se setaees [eee neces eee 534003000) | osase eee s 9, 675, 000
B00 cites cnet ot S095 SD00U eee ewes claseorscteses 1895000: |aatcnne p feeae|eceseenie set 8, 784, 000
WOOO; otc ciee sate 12,251,600) | 10,301, 060) |i a22 a... cs TS, MSs 280 se orc ccs eases 1,736,560 | 38,068, 200
MOO wes ee er ee 3 £2; 2705500 V6 5 478; 280M eo wis wicinina ce 19) 747; S98 M26 se ecole 1,398,476 | 49, 900, 050
WOO 2S nent aes 14, 766,822'| 9,937,390) |... -ncscecce 825.904 593i| awe .ca sostee 2,481,371 | 60,150,176
ODS ee hese 14, 283,499 | 9,937,390 |...-.-.....- 2820593079 oe ccee eee. 3,134,076 | 56,014,044
NO 4s A a aecce ox 13; 2615184... ce feccens - 295; 200) |. 15,725,196: |... 22-52-62 3,868,866 | 33, 150, 446
WOOD emo cmaee eee Cp lOL TSO a see eee ce oe netene eens 12 226. 204 So eases 2, 433,635 | 21,761,109
NOOG Se Ace ee 10, 943,550 | 3,268,800 |............ 28,906; 380).|. 252.245 -0 2,769,784 | 45,888,514
M90 Wee cl2 sees 8,897, 670) 6; 1203000. | ese 2 28, 668,600) bcc fceecoce~ 3,575, 943 | 47,262, 213
OOS orate tasatene. cae 18,647,600 | 4,342,350 | 2,655,900 | 29, 273, 202 |......-.--.- 4,578,075 | 59, 497,127
1909 sec eoekishee 17, 440,950 | 8,218,000 |............ 24543, 200) | ..<.< kiseas 4,080, 450 | _54, 282, 600
L910 Se i252 eee 21,168,350 | 8,607,500 519, 600: | 30,894,100 |.......-...-| 4,855,000 | 66,044, 550
|
Total..... 172, 457,805 | 77,211,470 | 3,470,700 |265,575, 818 | 10,900,000 | 34,912, 236 | 564, 528, 029

NotrE.—As the printed reports of the State in many instances report as the output the number of eggs
gathered, it has been necessary in such cases to make an arbitrary reduction from these figures, in order to
allow for the loss in the egg stage.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

171

The following table shows the plantings made in waters of Wash-
ington other than the Columbia River by the United States Bureau
of Fisheries and the State of Washington:

PLANTS OF SALMON

Fry IN THE WATERS OF WASHINGTON
CoLuMBIA RIVER.

OTHER THAN THE

Puget Sound and tributaries.

Year ending June 30— a ae
. . — ilver, or ump-
Chinook Sockeye. aol, Bale Dog. Steelhead.

TNO Se oem acicemeinsioniles isis setae gnse'aaas oa Be D008 00082 cA aricin camel aacmae ota inn| Smicneane ston ss pclaon anise
A SORMawe sana TY OE eee AIR ee Ne HSAOOM MOON (tos acetate beacemoeaets GRRE ke eee 228
ROO eee nc doc aba pe emates ec ara 7, 470! OOOH ae eatanees TS9 OOO) sare she sierece: asin Eee Comoe ape aaatoor
O00 Me fF atac ki o8a525 2 eee = Ekewk noo. 10, 683, 000 G5 TAS, 280) [2s ecctnacie = | 10,301,760 1,572, 560
OOM 2S Bois cine Gece occa see 300,000 | 3,834, 453 1a SOORUS5) | cee cmisc< | 16, 478, 280 1,398, 476
OO eee ee aoa eR eee 2,141,322} 3,371,000 23; LOL 069 j2te a2i sscciss 9, 937, 390 2,591,371
WOO RE EE : Siainsiacindaveseci oe aes 2,113,850 | 3,731,789 PANES UY 7B Pe ee | 9,937,390 | @3,826,091
HODES: Sows s jose tacts secttoet 1,865,933 | 3,855,000 14,071,845 CLAY Gea aaa 3, 518, 476
U1 ee 5 ee ee a eee ae 2) 000; (OSs ss ace eases. NGS AAD SS (oi |e crccne carats we {role garcetereveve ere 61,329,940
QD GEE ce crewlelSaicic cle oeiclcectan i= 4,819,290 | ¢3,582,630 | 429,770, 414 | 969, 990 1,800,000 | €3,177,174
DOD FS See Ree 2 nce ois noc laieatnea 35907, 598" |. <0 eisiee rs 26,960,552 | 4,224,255 | 5,220,000 3, 964, 308
LOOS Se scene bcc ce tccccmases 8,356,709 | 8,514,305 37,613,466 | 9,420,662 | 2,278,350 4, 566, 491
OO GMa eee Sec cee census 9,647,288 | 5, 430, 626 286225310) | 5 cajeeisiermase.es | 6,048,000 | 74,499,141
ON REP es Setar aieeat cisjakeracate = 11,681,060 | 4,554,825 36,837,125 | 1,887,600 | 7,748,500 6, 292, 338

No) 2) Ee a Ph a 54, 893,788 | 58,457,628 | 256, 284,392 | 16,974,304 | 69,749,670 | 36, 236,366

Chehalis River. Willapa River.
Year ending June 30— Pe 5
* ‘3 ilver, or A Z ilver, or ;
Chinook. goho. Dog. Chinook. BOHos Steelhead.

TES\0; 1 Sem ool er Te ZU ODO lee ase ncerinda| Sabon Saye eie [p ave ettoete tevell ach Ae Be kw fel Saale, gist Nae oe
DOO Oss sricjsiaieis d.eaia:sisis sinieiersine PO THUUS | oes seine aa ateca dels aes SSL000 |e as a ceinessy 190, 000
WOO ee con. Se cecciccca chad =e P9095 800) | 5. cisttecistiec we |'s,o -ccroctese [3355S ACL U8 ee eae ee Reet bere ieee
Th ee ee here cae ee oe eae dee Sew a) IL e. ty me 2,163,019 | 1,800,000 500, 000
NOQOBEE cctew sintecisinnccatoastaioascias GOO SOOO 7 a se 2 baa Sacaical|s oe ae tiers Se 819, 504 204, 876 420, 390
DOU eee ae an oa samc ams 26 |e bee cca sts liclaia ae atresia is weer eee n= 630,000 | 1,800,000 288, 000
NQOGE IOS Crain cxin se Sseceetenc|ooscckes mene 2,563,380 | 1, 468, 800 529,650 | 2,160,000 171, 550
| 80 a eee (ene ee 2, 250, 000 900, 000 393, 660 } 2,250,000 526, 500
OU NS Seto See Nate sicieree ere 163, 000 3,275,000 | 2,064,000 678, 600 654, 500 148, 500
UC 02) ae a 148, 000 1,800,000 | 1,757,000 322, 200 504, 000 399, 000
TOT Oe eetewectade ocioea cals s s<in'd 403, 000 1,577, 000 859, 000 455, 200 64; 000" Leases 4 See

OGM sees cs Sec le 7,094, 100 11, 465,380 | 7,048,800 | 7,526,233 | 9,437,376 2, 643.940

Total by species.
Year ending June 30— oad
. se, | Silver, or | Hump-
Chinook. | Sockeye. ee packs Dog. Steelhead.

US {Se ae eesie oss aie a2 GS KO00) ecto Sooo ul Semte acs es lEecseadend| eee etal ree clehore 3,000
PRO Tine raeae Secs foacns [en cnce marcel ea eat 110M, 0 0) ene seme Seen tear) lene ge Me mrenre| LS iare Boe 5, 500, 000
TELS 2 a ee EB AOD OG0N as aecaeenaes ea Sore Ct tp. ae Ae lee 5, 400, 000
SOG See elegans ale A 8,685,000 |......----- TSO OOOH ed oan baal ee hen eel eck ek eet 8,874, 000
QUO Es a eehienas - bbosioos 3, 236, 300 |10,683,000 | 6,749,280 |........... 10,301,760 | 1,762,560 | 32,732,900
TE eh ee ae 2,863,200 | 3,834,453 | 14,360,185 |........... 16, 478, 280 | 1,398,476 | 38,934,594
AY ).22 Sgt Se 8 eee oe 2141-322" | 8.371; 000 | 23, 161,069) |. 2... 2)-6- 9,937,390 | 2,591,371 41, 202, 152
EGO Sees ae cc cliaerec-ced 4,276, 869! | 3, 731, 789" | 23; 007.0071 |). oc nce xsi 9,937,390 | 3,826, 091 45,079, 910
OO Ie tater So) ota syclSiars siceiae 3,585, 437 | 3,855,000 | 14, 276,721 C7 CY al Pee 3,938,866 | 26,127,821
LOD amt sac caicsteaed 57 ON | ee cee LS eA UO Nie peers ere sae | a Sepia Saye 1,617,940 | 23,080, 053
OO GE Ae aie ea secs crascrere 5,348, 940 | 3,582,630 | 34, 493, 794 969,990 | 3,268,800 | 3,348,724 | 51,012,878
MOO Teste Sa acta a serene sy A SOL OO reee-< cece S50 31, 460, 552 | 4,224,255 | 6,120,000 | 4,490,808 | 50,596,873
NOUR Sevecashs sci aiewssee 9,198,309 | 8,514,305 | 41,542,966 | 9,420,662 | 4,342,350 | 4,714,991 77,733, 583
OOD Ee iatoc Ss cicicalsn Saints 10, 117, 488 | 5, 430,626 | 30,926,310 |-.......-.-- 7,805,000 | 4,898, 141 59,177, 565
U0) 02 ee eee 12,539,260 | 4,554,825 | 38,478,125 | 1,887,600 | 8,607,500 | 6,292,338 | 72,359, 648

MO tals: si sccieweme 69, 517,121 158, 457,628 |277, 187,148 |16, 974,304 |76, 798, 470 |38, 880,306 | 537,814,977

a Of these, 218,200 were yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
b Of these, 14,400 were eggs.
c Of these, 9,500 were yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.

d Of these, 14,840 were yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.
e Of these, 15,000 were yearlings, fingerlings, or adults.

F Includes 100,000 eggs.

g These were brought from the Clackamas (Oregon) station and planted in some unnamed lake.

172 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST,
BRITISH COLUMBIA.

Fraser River.—The first hatchery established by the Dominion of
Canada on the Pacific coast was erected in 1884 at what is now Bon
Accord, a point on the lower river some 4 miles above New West-
minster, and on the opposite shore. The next built was in 1901 on
Granite Creek, Shuswap Lake, which discharges into the Fraser
through the South Thompson River, the lake being about 280 miles
from New Westminster. In 1904 another hatchery was established
on Harrison Lake on the Lillooet River, first large tributary of the
Fraser on the north side; also one about 4 miles east of the lower
extremities of Pemberton Meadows, at the junction of Owl Creek
and the Birkenhead River, 4 miles above its confluence with the
eastern branch of the Lillooet River, which in turn discharges into
Lillooet Lake. In 1907 a hatchery was built on Stuart Lake, near
the headwaters of the Fraser.

The Province of British Columbia owns Seton Lake Hatchery,
which was established in 1903 on Lake Creek, on the north side, about
half a mile from the outlet of Seton Lake, and it has been operated
continuously ever since. Seton Lake is a part of the Fraser River
chain and is some 300 miles above the mouth of the river. Lake
Creek, the outlet of Seton Lake, empties into the Cayoosh Creek, a
tributary of the Fraser, 45 miles north of the latter’s junction with
the Thompson, and 1 mile south of the town of Lillooet.

Numpkish Rwer.—In 1902 Mr. 8. A. Spencer, of the Alert Bay
cannery (now belonging to the British Columbia Packers’ Associa-
tion), in return for certain special fishery privileges granted by the
Dominion, established a hatchery on this river, which is located on
the northeast shore of Vancouver Island. The hatchery was burned
down in 1903, but was immediately rebuilt. Since its establishment
it has been operated by the Dominion.

Rivers Inlet—A hatchery was established by the Dominion on
McTavish Creek, one of the tributaries of Oweekayno Lake, about 20
miles up Rivers Inlet, in 1905, and has been operated ever since.

Skeena River.—In 1902 the Dominion established a hatchery on
Lakelse Lake, in the Skeena River basin, about 65 miles up the river
from Port Essington. In 1907 another was constructed on Babine
Lake, the source of the Skeena River.

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

173

The following table shows the plantings made in the waters of
British Columbia from the Dominion and provincial hatcheries:

PLANTS OF SALMON FRY MADE IN THE WATERS OF BritisH COLUMBIA.

Fraser River.
Year.
: Steel-
Spring,or} Hump- y
Dog. Coho. king. haele Sockeye. ae Total.

JIG 6 hs Sy Ee Ae I Re] | La ee (se 1,800,000 |........ 1, 800, 000
ASUS slat fet 9 i Ine ena ae eee ew | Adee Seer ORI SO ee (CE) eae ane | Cae eget een 2,625,000 |....:..- 2,625, 000
UPS ie caeetea vat aialie xe rascal sfmip antares a/aie: a |fete wm eratermres' | areeaen eieis e's sre Sate SS e se S bellies Saeewe ne 4,414,000 |........ 4,414, 000
eee gtr acne le eo eee | enn emetaic Nth Sale cheats oe ef hati a We a ete 5,807; 000° |. <2....2 5, 807, 000
1h ha}o |b ie ee Oa ea Volaes Coed is |e Foe ays eunrecl wis ergo ve ate nll nero se) yamieac 4,419,000: |-...06..- 4,419, 000
USQ0 ES Jeno cce scSinedeactoss [geese Eee oe Ree asa cet oy sama ees he oe et Ae 6,:640)000) |: = os2c- 6, 640, 000
1140 Us AA ae SA oan ea 4 | Se see | een (ee ae eee [Neate a ae eae 3,603,800 |........ 3, 603, 800
Deere et ee sa Ne eon eo te oe oie ac eis haa pase Saa 6,000,000) )........ 6,000, 000
Se Rieter 2p nt Nea Ne eset Set lag a opstg, 2h ahns [tana lenala amie Suc San mee Sar = & §,674,,000' | 2-555. 2. 5,674, 000
eee ras ees een. Stell iia cele eee SL eine I ceo Ane ats Seed 67500; 000) |. .-.2 52. 6, 300, 000
US ere acta sree Seam Sole lee Stine crete clon ocs2 Pe ale'e So oie clie dae a's oie « 6,390,000 |.......-. 6,390, 000
UBOG es sewtes fare ciers Swe ctais Sais fine we sale ee hoe ieee era Belew 2,2 )cll Gms aes Sb,0.06 10;393;000 Jz -occc<- 10, 393, 000
110) ais Sa es ee ea eee ec NE een ) eee ee (CP | 5, 928,000 |i. ....... 5,928, 000
PSO epee ck Sines Seog Se ee ten eis eee nolan cine Sei Reais Bald avelererae oes 6, 850,000) |.--....<. 5, 850, 000
USO Bes gfe ate cles or eh cts rere nats sere alo Sree asiche ol che: acta -e: Spataysuen| hie a areratmnatccie le myaleiete zeta 4,742,000 |........ 4,742, 000
ES MMe a a hee eat ercperst chee ter iF Sate in| Pas Oe Beale oo rere Mets aeeaal [aero ss ae 6,200,000: }'......... 6, 200, 000
OUR oe at ees oe ce ee ina | Sect eas ween) cartier ac yee eho o/s PNG SH Mise 2 es loes eee atens
PaO ceryete ee aes <tmn Se eee -<l oka aes 2 DO OOO Pe rcs fe ert ellie ere ss secs 15,808,000 | 75,000 | 15,973,000
Ae 27! 3 Ste 75,000 | 1,750,000 PANO ok eae, ok 12,521,000 |........ 14, 368, 000
WOO Aes 6 See ee aces) on ees 210,000 |eeses......: 50,000 | 13,729,200 | 12,000 | 14,001,200
LO Se ea ee ae eae 5,576,100 | 4,381,400 |........... 9,244,300 |......-. 19, 201, 800
EA ete cre Seta hx Bes ao eiewtaere S| ra Blasio ¢ 4; 774,000 | 1,790,500) |. 2 usc... 100, 479, 000 4,000 |107, 048,500
OU has eecr sce oe ees camasd |--+--+-- 3,219,200 | 1,814,900 |........... 36,965,900 |........ 42, 000, 000
140 (1). Sele Ak ee dae eee ae pee ae eee 5,890,000 | 2,815,000 22,500,000 | 51,855,200 |........ 83, 060, 200
EO Deter ete rete a are wate syassreie ee |/e, 6. lg airs = 7,375,400 | 5,772,400 |........... 41,909,500 |........ 55, 057, 300
EL ec cark acevo cio alles 52 SSceg 450,000 | 6,300,000 |........... 105,312;,500) |-< <2... 112, 062,500

PRO TALE 2 ee eee ses 75,000 | 29,334,700 |22,897,200 22,550,000 |474,610, 400 | 91,000 |549, 558,300

saa wo Nimpkish
Skeena River. Rivers Inlet. Riven
Year. = 7
Sockeye. Sockeye. Spe ey Total. Sockeye.
ing. ’

1h! 103 eS Oe eee ee ays OU wees otts c.c0. 3 are baleen d eset Af alice Sea.ousasece< 1,636, 000
ROU Senora, a cee tac ars os 5 OOO 8OOUa ee ae eerste SMa stot el causes anon sc 2,496, 000
OOD 2 oe ck fa see 35.55 Gy QOty OUD) Wes heaters sfence ete yaaomd| s valg cess eae ac 2,850, 000
10100 Seer Sa ener Sne 3,784, 450 8,000,000 |..2.2222022 22. 8, 000, 000 4,873, 400
OG ss eta gad ok ie <maisin= 4,125,750 S540) O00) eA oes eee 8 8, 440, 000 4,870,000
OOS sce adecceecee eases 8, 946, 950 8,594, 000 4,706, 000 13,300, 000 4,800, 000
UNO aaah a ive 2s cle Waele aaraeoarne 11, 882, 400 WS; S00y 0000 Ss secre crasiss 13,300,000 | 4,500, 000
Oia epete Sta, a stoiancrs, sears wyche: a @ 11,521,700 123/700; 0008 | -2 ceca ens 5 12,750, 000 5, 055, 000

WOtAl 22228 see 5: 51, 479, 150 51, 084, 000 4,706,000 55,790,000 | 31,080, 400

a Includes 80,000 coho fry.

174 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

PLANTS OF SALMON Fry MADE IN THE WATERS OF BriTISH COLUMBIA—Con.

Total by species.
= Grand
Year.
; Steel- total
Spring,or;| Hump- .
Dog. Coho. king. Hace Sockeye. ead
eres a PRA RRO een sate ees ca ehege 98 1b 1,800,000 }........ 1, 800, 000
IGRB Ee Ubu activ oammtbe lene Se [Ra oe nelle nance aligleen eee 2; 625,000 |...) 2} 625, 000
SRR cea cs As pose seein baw delie sex ast eevee tl | eas een | eSAne ons 4,414,000 |.- 22.2. 4) 414) 000
SSS Peers (cherie a ciara te muertos eh | eeatoeeee ee eae aries es | Peteyw teens ter tater eerens 5,807,000 |.....-.. 5, 807, 000
RGOE 20d cc base sine ba eateay 5 ct ase cl Ue ee inl a 4,419,000 |. 22222. 4) 419, 000
Tate ees es Peers Wr nh Sd UN Ce AER ie Fa 6, 640,000 f22222 21. 6, 640, 000
iC Ae ve aR eL Deol | APP ergy ME ae oa Dea Ca AST 3,603, 800 [22121 3, 603, 800
i ae RR a Se ape an Oa ee (AE es FE 6,000,000 |. 222222. 6,000, 000
TS a aR Re ARO TM Fa Mt Ea 5,674,000 |. ...2... 5, 674, 000
To) Ue Sie MRR aR i a A Gea i eth a lr Me Sard SD 6,300,000 [222222 6,300, 000
0 ee dea a SoG a ES Fa a [rey GNI a 8 6,390,000 |... 221) 6, 390, 000
TS a ote aA Tpit Arr ia NE 10,393,000 J. 2222227 10, 393, 000
TF pice Saba Re: SR: CN) HO oan EY sos IN eR Pent Fa AS Cal” 5,928,000 |....22. 5,928, 000
Te ac a MN Larne es pRSe? eR MUR PeSA 5,850,000 F222 221. 5,850, 000
TROON A TS eee ave eae ee Pcl: St |e le eee ee le One oad 4,742,000 |.....-. 4,742,000
U1 log cap aes OMe eed a 6,200,000 |... -~"| 6,200,000
bee Neeru eaty ete |e ain 90,000 25 15,808,000 | 75,000 } 15,973,000
1903 1,750,000 000 17,607,000 |...-... 19, 454, 000
1904 ssl SHORO00) oa20 2a 20,225,200 | 13,000 | 20, 497,200
(Ose ake ~.| 5,576, 100 | 4,381, 400 15, 862, Oi ote 25, 819, 700
0 ea peas MR se Grd “|| 4,774,000 | 1,791,500 117, 136, 850 | 4,000 | 123,706, 350
1 ig pee Dy 9 a) nit Pd ‘| 3,219,200 | 1,814; 900 54,401,650 |...-.... 59, 435, 750
NOOR! Sete ras 2 nth aeeertas eta a aeons 5,890,000 | 7,521,000 |22,500,000 | 74, 196, 150 |... 110, 107, 150
(all a a RA Ra aR 7,375, 400 | 5,772,400 |..-.......- 71,591, 900 84) 739, 700
POR Res ere deshedaest ele EE fo 450,000 | 6,300,000 |.... 22222. 134,639,200 |. 141, 389, 200
irae eee oe 75,000 |29,334, 700 |27, 603,200 122,550,000 |s08, 253,950 | 91,000 | 687,907, 850
ALASKA.

In 1891 several of the canneries operating at Karluk, on Kodiak
Island, combined forces and built a hatchery on the lagoon at that
place. As the cannery men were at swords’ points in regard to their
fishing rights on the spit, in 1892 the hatchery was closed. In May,

1896, the Alaska Packers’ Association broke ground for a hatchery
at the eastern end of the lagoon, near the outlet of Karluk River, a
short distance from where the hatchery was located in 1891, and has
operated this plant ever since.

In 1892 Capt. John C. Callbreath, manager of the Point Ellis
cannery, on Kuiu Island, operated a small hatchery on the left bank of
Kutlakoo stream. It was a very primitive place, and an exception-
ally high tide destroyed the whole plant in September. It was never
rebuilt.

Capt. Callbreath, however, after seeing to the operation of the hatch-
ery, had returned to Wrangell during the summer, where his attention
was again attracted to hatchery work, and in the fall of 1892 he
built a small hatchery on Jadjeska stream, Etolin Island, about 200
yards from its mouth. The stream is about one-half mile in length
and is the outlet of a small lake. Finding the location unsuitable
Capt. Callbreath removed the hatchery in 1893 to the northern side
of the lake, about three-eighths of a mile from the head of the outlet,
where it still stands. The owner’s intention was to build up a stream
which had a small natural run of red salmon until it had a large run,

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. Les

with the hope that the Government would then give him the exclusive
right to take these fish from the stream for commercial purposes.
The experiment was kept up until the end of the season of 1905,
when Capt. Callbreath’s failing eyesight compelled the cessation of
the actual hatching. Since then a man has been stationed on the
stream during the run of spawning fish for the purpose of lifting them
over the dam, so that they could reach the spawning beds at the
head of the lake. The owner’s expectation of a big run as a result
of hatching operations was never realized.

In 1896 the Baranof Packing Company, which operated a cannery
on Redfish Bay, on the western coast of Baranof Island, built a small
hatchery on the lake at the head of Redfish stream. The following
winter was so cold that not only the flume, but the whole cataract,
froze solid, and as the hatchery was thus left without water the eggs
were put into the lake and left to their fate and the hatchery closed
down permanently.

In 1897 the North Pacific Trading & Packing Company, at Klawak,
Prince of Wales Island, established a hatchery near the head of Klawak
stream, close to Klawak Lake. In 1898 the plant was moved to the
mouth of a small stream entering the lake about halfway up the
western shore. This hatchery has been operated continuously ever
since. In 1909 the North Alaska Salmon Co. acquired a half interest
in it.

The Pacific Steam Whaling Company in 1898 erected a small hatch-
ery on Hetta Lake, on the west side of Prince of Wales Island, which
was operated until the close of the hatching season of 1903-4, when
the Pacific Packing & Navigation Company, successor to the original
owner, went into the hands of a receiver. In 1907 it was reopened by
the Northwestern Fisheries Company, which had acquired the inter-
ests of the old company, and has been operated each season since.

Up to 1900 the work of hatching salmon was entirely voluntary
on the part of the packers. On May 2 of that year the following
regulation was promulgated at the Treasury Department, which at
that time had control of the Alaska salmon-inspection service:

7. Each person, company, or corporation taking salmon in Alaskan waters shall
establish and conduct, at or near the fisheries operated by him or them, a suitable
artificial propagating plant or hatchery; and shall produce yearly and place in the
natural spawning waters of each fishery so operated red salmon fry in such numbers
as shall be equal to at least four times the number of mature fish taken from the said
fisheries, by or for him or them, during the preceding fishing season. The manage-
ment and operation of such hatcheries shall be subject to such rules and regulations
as may hereafter be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. They shall be open
for inspection by the authorized official of this department; annual reports shall be
made, giving full particulars of the number of male and female salmon stripped, the
number of eggs treated, the number and percentage of fish hatched, and all other con-

ditions of interest; and there shall be made a sworn yearly statement of the number of
fry planted and the exact location where said planting was done.

101379°—11——12

176 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

On January 24, 1902, this regulation was amended so as to require
the planting of “red salmon fry in such numbers as shall be equal
to at least ten times the number of salmon of all varieties taken from
the said fisheries.”’

Although the regulation was mandatory, but few of the packers
obeyed it, some because no suitable place was to be found within a
reasonable distance of their plants, others because the establishment
and operation of such a hatchery would cost more than their returns
from the industry justified, and others because of lack of knowledge
required in hatchery work. The greater number of them absolutely
ignored it, and as a result those who conformed to the regulation were
placed under a heavy financial handicap. The injustice of this
arrangement was patent on its face, and in 1906, when a comprehen-
sive revision of the law was made by Congress, provision was made
for reimbursing in the future those cannery men who operated sal-
mon hatcheries. The section covering this point reads as follows:

Sec. 2. That the catch and pack of salmon made in Alaska by the owners of pri-
vate salmon hatcheries operated in Alaska shall be exempt from all license fees and
taxation of every nature at the rate of ten cases of canned salmon to every one thousand
red or king salmon fry liberated, upon the following conditions:

That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may from time to time, and on the
application of the hatchery owner shall, within a reasonable time thereafter, cause
such private hatcheries to be inspected for the purpose of determining the character
of their operations, efficiency, and productiveness, and if he approve the same shall
cause notice of such approval to be filed in the office of the clerk or deputy clerk of the
United States district court of the division of the District of Alaska wherein any such
hatchery is located, and shall also notify the owners of such hatchery of the action
taken by him. The owner, agent, officer, or superintendent of any hatchery the
effectiveness and productiveness of which has been approved as above provided
shall, between the thirtieth day of June and the thirty-first day of December of each
year, make proof of the number of salmon fry liberated during the twelve months
immediately preceding the thirtieth day of June, by a written statement under oath.
Such proof shall be filed in the office of the clerk or deputy clerk of the United States
district court of the division of the District of Alaska wherein such hatchery is located,
and when so filed shall entitle the respective hatchery owners to the exemption as
herein provided; and a false oath as to the number of salmon fry liberated shall be
deemed perjury and subject the offender to all the pains and penalties thereof. Dupli-
cates of such statements shall also be filed with the Secretary of Commerce and Labor.

It shall be the duty of such clerk or deputy clerk in whose office the approval and
proof heretofore provided for are filed to forthwith issue to the hatchery owner, caus-
ing such proofs to be filed, certificates which shall not be transferable and of such
denominations as said owner may request (no certificate to cover fewer than one
thousand fry), covering in the aggregate the number of fry so proved to have been
liberated; and such certificates may be used at any time by the person, company, cor-
poration, or association to whom issued for the payment pro tanto of any license fees
or taxes upon or against or on account of any catch or pack of salmon made by them
in Alaska; and it shall be the duty of all public officials charged with the duty of col-
lecting or receiving such license fees or taxes to accept such certificates in lieu of
money in payment of all license fees or taxes upon or against the pack of canned
salmon at the ratio of one thousand fry for each ten cases of salmon. No hatchery

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. nk iy

owner shall obtain the rebates from the output of any hatchery to which he might
otherwise be entitled under this act unless the efficiency of said hatchery has first
been approved by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor in the manner herein pro-
vided for.

In 1901 the Pacific Steam Whaling Company established two small
hatcheries—one on Nagel] stream, which enters the northern side of
Quadra Lake, on the mainland of southeast Alaska, and one on a
stream entering Freshwater Lake Bay, Chatham Strait. Both were
closed down in 1904 when the company failed. In 1908 the North-
western Fisheries Company, which had acquired the Quadra plant,
removed it to a small stream entering the head of the lake and has
operated it ever since.

In 1901 the Alaska Packers’ Association erected a hatchery on
Heckman Lake, the third of a series of lakes on Naha stream, Revitla-
gigedo Island, and about 8 miles from Loring, where the association
has a cannery. This is without question the largest and costliest
salmon hatchery in the world, having a capacity of 110,000,000 eggs,
and the association is entitled to great credit for the public spirit it has
shown and the work it has done, entirely without remuneration until
1906, in building and operating not only this hatchery but also the
one at Karluk.

The Union Packing Company, at Kell Bay, on Kuiu Island, and
Mr. F. C. Barnes, at Lake Bay, on Prince of Wales Island, in 1902 built
and operated small hatcheries, both of which were abandoned after
one season’s work.

Up to 1905 the work of hatching salmon in Alaska was confined to
the salmon cannery men. In that year, however, the United States
Bureau of Fisheries erected a hatchery on Yes Lake, which empties
through a short stream into Yes Bay, on Cleveland Peninsula. In
1907 the bureau constructed another hatchery, on Afognak Lake, near
Litnik Bay, Afognak Island.

The following tables show the eggs gathered and the fry planted
from the government and privately owned hatcheries in Alaska:

OuTPUT OF THE SALMON HATCHERIES IN ALASKA OWNED BY THE UNITED STATES
BuREAU OF FISHERIES, 1906 To 1910.

Yes Lake hatchery. Afognak hatchery.
Year Red, or sockeye. Coho, or silver. | Steelhead trout. Red, or sockeye. | Humpback.
ending
June 30— .
Eggs Fry liber-| Eggs | fe Eggs ee Eggs Fry liber- | Eggs ae
taken. ated. taken ated. taken. | ateale taken. ated. taken. ated.
1906... (Gols QOValOr OSs OU lemerier, tse sont tetas cell tae YS. 8) acokamaie Saal emma cartier dew «ai alec eeliete
1907.... | 58,210,000} 54,610, 800)....-...]...--... TS 2, OOO Ss S00 oe ice 6 2 alte eer arst=| in ge ae =o ge ee ene
RGR SANG 5e 5705000] Ol Bedk O00 oe ace a tsee et lee cee dhe tas la cce wes bo sloacdee acces] coca d cleewnezee
1909..... 50, 000, 000} 48,653,000} 17,000) 9,900).....-.-|.--.---. 46, 380, 000) 39,325,870) 12,000; 10,000
1910.32= 72, 000, 000) 69,879, 600]........]........|...-...-]--.22--. 76, 020, 600} 71,647,170) 499, 400] 363, 740
Total. 252, 791, 480)241, 150, 950} 17,000} 9,900) 182,000} 143, 500}122, 400, G00

110, 973, 049 511,400, 373,740

i Wes)

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST.

OuTPUT OF THE SALMON HaTCHERIES IN ALASKA OWNED BY THE UNITED STATES
BuREAU OF FISHERIES, 1906 To 1910—Continued.

Total by species.

Grand total.

Pn g Red, or sockeye. |Coho, orsilver., Humpback. Steelhead trout.
June 30—
; Fry a Fry 7 Fry P
Eggs Fry liber-| Eggs her Eggs liber. Eggs lib = Fry liber-
2 : = 2 - er- | Eggs taken.
taken. ated. taken. | sted. taken. | sted. taken ated 2 ated.
ae |
1906....- 7,031,480), -6,.638)550) 235.222] 5. ose eee ee ee eer Ser seats errr sare 7,031,480) 6,638, 550
1907..... 58,210,000) 45.610, 800) oeelnasseatececoses|eecceee. 182,000 |143,500 | 58,392,000) 54, 754, 300
1908..... 65,550, 000| 61,369, 000.......- | oes bocelecctse alt eee Sar ene taeda Sa 65,550, 000) 61,369, 000
1909..... 96, 380, 000] 87,978,870, 17,000) 9,900) 12,000] 10,000)........|........ 96, 409, 000| 87, 998, 770
1910..... 148, 020, 000/141, 526,770)........|..----- | 499, 400} 363, 740|........|-..-..-- 148, 519, 400}141, 890, 510
Total ./375, 191, 480/352, 123,990, 17,000) 9, 900 511, 400 373, 740 |182, 000 |143, 500 | 375, 901, 880)352, 651, 130

Ourput oF Private SatmMon Hatcueries oF ALASKA, 1893 To 1910.

Notr.—Unless otherwise stated in footnotes, all of the fry liberated were red salmon.

Callbreath’s hatchery. Karluk hatchery. Klawak hatchery.
Year ended June |
| Eggs taken. |Fry liberated.| Eggs taken. |Fry liberated.. Eggs taken. | Fry liberated.
|
URO3 Sos eo eee eee 900, 000 | 600; 000 sees cc cteess
13040 ee | 3,000, 000 204, 000d seed caceeeo-
18056202 ccc ce 6, 300, 000 De BO1 O00! Ie 8c esse
TS06Ssaes ee 6, 200, 000 5s 4754000 esse cbemen eee
co ee eee 4, 400, 000 4,390, 000 3, 236, 000
WSS SS secece eae 3, 400, 000 2,526, 000 8, 454, 000 ; , 000
1 eee ae 3, 000, 000 2,050, 060 4, 491, 000 3, 869, 000 3, 600, 000 3, 000, 000
1008s get ce eeece 3, 400, 000 2,335,000 | 10, 496, 900 7, 872, 000 3,600,000 | @ 1,000,000
NOOMSS oer sseee (Cp RSE [scree ee 19, 334, 000 15, 566, 800 (ed erase cere
G02 eee ee 6, 000, 000 5,500,000 | 32,800,000 | 28,700, 000 3, 500, 000 2, 800, 000
190352 eee ceeesene 6, 000, 000 5, 000, 000 23, 400, 000 17,555, 000 3,500, 000 1,500, 000
HOU ep Pica t as 6, 000, 000 5,000,000 | 28,113,000 | 22, 000, 000 3, 000, 000 1,700, 000
190522... cesses 6, 050, 000 5,250,000 | 45,500,000 | 33,670,000 2,800, 000 2,000, 000
1906 se8 2 oseee eee 7,700, 000 6,500,000 | 36,933,000 | 28, 236, 412 2,800, 000 2, 300, 000
WOOT Ss br arrere ec seri d) (d) 38, 679, 200 36, 846, 000 3, 600, 000 1,187,000
1908....2.....2..5. | (~) (e) 47,808,200 | 43, 655, 000 3,500, 000 2,776, 000
W900! A sedee ce. | e) (¢) 40,320,000 | 37,105, 000 3,500, 000 3, 200, 000
UOMO eee ences ees (e) e) 45, 228, 000 40, 620, 000 5, 800, 000 5,300, 000
Total....... | 763,350,000 | 52,121,000 | 384,793,300 | 324,091,652 | 41, 223,000 27, 563, 000-
Hetta hatchery. Quadra Bay hatchery. Freshwater Bay hatchery.
Year ended June
30— |
| Eggs taken. |Fry liberated.) Eggs taken. |Fry liberated.| Eggs taken. Fry liberated,
et ade ke taps? Y 2,800,000 |, 2;600,000 1:22.02... nds1| 4 ceagectapesal aces seen nes ance eee
2, 000, 000 1, 500000! | uc sds cwoee noel bie es occ ee tote | bones ese aee el eee eee
1, 800, 000 G'500 000) | o.- ccc cect eel ecient es | acer er | Nemtaneere eee
2,500, 000 1,700, 000 4,500, 000 3, 500, 000 1, 500, 000 1,000, 000
4, 800, 000 4, 000, 000 5,500, 000 4, 000, 000 (b) (b)
5, 127, 500 3, 750, 000 600, 000 e 400, 000 (d) (a)
(9) (9) (9) (9) (9) (9)
(9) (9) (9) (9) (9) (9)
(9) (9) (9) (9) (9) (9)
8, 000, 060 6, 125, 000 (9) (9) (9) (9)
8, 400, 000 &, 134, 000 3, 325, 000 3, 025, 750 (9) (9)
10, 313, 000 9, 000, 000 10, 863, 000 9, 850, 000 (9) (9)
45,740,500 | 37,309,000 | 24,788,000] 20,775,750 1,500, 000 1, 000, 000

a Many eggs frozen.
6 No run of fish.

¢ Hatchery was nv t used, the eggs being hatched

out in the lake.

d No report.
e Fish coming in to spawn were lifted over the dam.

9 Not operated.

f A considerable proportion of these are coho eggs.

_

ena a

SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC

COAST.

179

OurreuT oF PrRIvATE SALMON HATCHERIES oF ALASKA, 1893 To 1910—Continued.

Year ended June |

Fortriann hatchery.

Eggs taken.

hatchery.

11, 460, 000
40, 050, 000
22, 203, 000
65, 010, 000
68,715, 000

105, 450, 000

b 41, 280, 000
24, 465, 000
53, 340, 000

431,973, 000

Kell Bay

Fry liberated.| Eggs taken.

“""10, 300,000 Jo22 22st

* 29,005, 000 2,500, 000
13, 780, 000 (a)
63, 181, 000 (a)
67, 643, 000 (a)
80, 973, 000 (a)
33, 920, 000 (a)
22,785, 000 (2)
50, 725, 000 (a)

72,312,000 2,500, 000

a Not operated.

Fry liberated.

Total.

Eggs taken. |Fry liberated.

2, 000, 000

900, 000 600, 000

3, 000, 000 2, 204, 000
6, 300, 000 5, 291, 090
6, 200, 000 5,475, 000
8, 636, 000 6, 946, 440
13, 877, 000 9, 666, 000
13, 891, 000 11,019, 000
19, 496, 900 12, 707, 000
21, 134, 000 16, 066, 800
62, 260, 000 53, 500, 000
85,750, 000 63, 060, 000
65, 043, 500 46, 630, O08
119,360,000 | 104, 101; 000
116,148,000 | 104,679, 412
147,729,200 | 119,006, 000
100, 588, 200 86, 476, 000
80, 010, 000 74, 249, 750
125,544,000 | 115,495, 000
995,867,800 | 837,172, 402

b Includes 30,000 coho eggs taken and 27,000 fry liberated.

O

LB ut 12

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