SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER San Francisco Public Library STACKS REFERENCE BOOK Not to be taken from the Library 3 1223 06288 4334 CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO Recreation and Park Department July 15, 1955 WELCOME TO THE SAN FRANCISCO ZOO San Francisco i3 justly proud of its outstanding Zoological Gardens, located mhert America meets the Pacific Ocean at the glorious Golden Gate, I am happy to bid each visitor to the Zoo a hearty welcome, and commend to your entertainment its many outstanding attractions. Max G. FunXe General Manager San Francisco Recreation and Park Department CAREY BALDWIN Director Carey Baldwin is the man re- sponsible in a great measure for the vast expansion and improvement of the San Fran- cisco Municipal Zoo in the last decade. Mr. Baldwin started working with ani- mals over thirty years ago when he was hired as an animal-keeper on the private zoo kept by W. R. Hearst on his huge estate in San Simeon, California. Within four years Mr. Baldwin had worked his way up to director of the 200, which was the biggest private col- lection of animals in the world. He was director for eight years. When Mr. Hearst started disposing of his animals, Mr. Baldwin moved to San Diego, where he was associated with the San Diego Zoo for several years. Later he sen ed fot two years as director of the zoo in Portland, Ore. In 1941 Carey Baldwin was appointed Director of the San Francisco Zoological Gardens. Although he has every reason to be well satisfied with the progress ol the 200 under his leadership, our energetic Jut. tor is not content to rest on his laurels ami even now is laying the groundwork tor Future im- provements in the zoo. Mr. Baldwin is shown here with one ot the latest additions to the zoo. Tins baby ele phant, "Pennic,"' was purchased tor the /oo by the small contributions of thousands o! San Francisco Bay Area youngsters .is of a campaign conducted b\ the San Fran- cisco News. "Pennic" was chosen .is the win ning name from thousands submitted in the News' recent contest to name the- babv. CONTENTS Aerial Photo 28 How to See the Zoo . . . 30 Aviary . . 31 Leopards . 9 Axis Deer 20 Lions 10, 11 Barbary Sheep .... 40 Llama 21 Bears 15, 16 Map of Zoo . 29 Bill of Fare 7 Monkeys < 4, 22, 23 Binturong . . 39 41 Camels 26 Ostriches . . 34 Chimpanzees .... 24, 25 Otter . 37 Coati-Mundi .... . . 39 Panda 16 Coyote 41 Penguins . . 37 Director Carey Baldwin . . . 3 Rhea . 36 Eland Antelope .... 27 Seals . . . . . . . 42,43 Elephants 2, 17 . 19 Emus 14 Tigers 12, 13 Facts and Figures . . . 6 Wallaroo 20 Farm 44 Water Buffalo 14 Feeding Schedule . . 8 . 19 . . 32 Picnic Tables, Playground, Giraffe 18 Fleishhacker Pool, Merry- Hippopotamus .... . . 38 Go-Round, Ferris Wheel, History of Zoo .... . . 5 Miniature Railway . . 44-48 Hornbill . . 33 The majority of photographs were taken with a Kalloflex Camera. 4 Copyright 1955 by Joseph & Decker Publishing Co. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE ZOO San Francisco's Municipal Zoological Gardens comprise over thirty acres of beautifully landscaped grounds, bounded on the west by the world's largest swimming pool and on the south and east by the waters of Lake Merced. It is one of the largest zoos in the United States and is rated by most authorities as the most beautiful in the whole world. Open all year round, it is a great tourist attraction, with visitors from all over the world enjoying its manifold points of interest. Over a quarter-century ago, when the zoo had its inception, the present site was a barren wasteland interspersed with brush-covered sand dunes and marshland. The city, which had recently acquired this land, had set aside sixty acres on which to construct a zoo, a swimming pool, and a playground and picnic area. This project was named for Herbert Fleishhacker, then president of the Park Commission, who had donated the pool and the first building. Mr. Fleishhacker also donated the first animals of the then embryonic zoo. There were two elephants, Marge and Virginia. The rest of the zoo's exhibits were composed of a small group of animals which had been formerly housed in Golden Gate Park. The new zoo was small, only a few acres, and was laid out in an oval pattern with sandy corrals and hastily constructed cages. Mr. Fleishhacker was also responsible for the next big increase in the animal collection of the zoo, when he donated a large group of animals which he had purchased while on a trip around the world in 1928. On this trip he met Mr. George Bistany, a world-recognized authority on the handling of animals, and induced him to come to San Francisco and take over the direction of the zoo. Mr. Bistany was appointed director in 1929. In 1930 Mr. Christian Holmes of Santa Barbara donated a large num- ber of birds, animals and reptiles, among them several chimpanzees an J a large orangutan. The zoo had really started to grow. The next big step forward took place in 1936, when the W.P. A . a Federal Relief Project, started work on a far larger and really modern zoo. This project was a big one, entailing the construction of numerous new buildings, among them a new Lion House, Pachyderm House. Beai Grottoes, Aviary, and many corrals with modern bams. The latest ideas in zoo architecture were embodied in the plans, which entirely abandoned the old-fashioned barred, often cramped cages for more spacious and natural enclosures. The work was done under the supervision ol Mi Edmund Heller, who had assumed the directorship of the zoo on the death of Mr. Bistany. Unfortunately, Mr. Heller was unabl< to witness the completion of this splendid project, as he passed awaj in L939. In 1938, while the W.P. A. work was still in progress, the popula- tion of the zoo took another big jump when Mr. W K Hears! di a large number of animals, among them being three giraffes and five polar bears. On October 6, 1940, the new San Francisco Zoological Gardens were formally opened to the public with fitting ceremonies In 1940 Mr. Carey Baldwin, an eminent authority on zoo managemenl and who was formerly in charge of the Portland Zoo, was appointed director. In the last ten years, almost all of the somewhat antiquated struc- tures of the original 200 have been replaced by modern buildings, notably new houses for the monkeys, chimpanzees, and the leopards. But, like the housewife, a 200 director's job is never done and even now plans are drawn up for further improvements and additions. The recently formed San Francisco Zoological Society, which will work in conjunction with the Park and Recreation Commission, is dedi- cated to the purpose of expanding and improving the facilities of the 200. FACTS AND FIGURES ABOUT THE ZOO The San Francisco Zoo is an "all-year" 200, and is open to the public every day from 10:00 a.m. until 6:00 p. m. Admission is free. The 200 is operated under the jurisdiction of the Park and Recreation Commis- sion. Mr. Carey Baldwin is the Zoo Director. Although the main gate of the 200 is at Sloat Boulevard and 44th Avenue, there are also entrances from Fleishhacker Pool to the west, from 42nd and Sloat Boulevard to the east, and from Sunset Boulevard to the south, as shown on the map. The general public is allowed to feed the animals except at those cages bearing signs expressly forbidding it. In the interest of public safety, no bicycles are allowed in the 200; dogs are also prohibited as they often frighten or upset some of the animals. There is a first-aid station, available to the public, at the adjacent Fleishhacker Pool. Information as to lost and found articles may be obtained at the 200 office (located near the Chimpan2ee cages). There is a public telephone booth at the main gate of the 200 proper (near the Giraffe Barn). For your own safety, the crossing of barriers in front of cages is forbidden. [Feeding Schedules: The Seals are fed every day at 1:30 p. m. and 4 p. m. There is a special "Seal Show" at these times with the exception of Tuesday and Wednesday. The Lions are fed at 2 p. m. every day with the exception of Monday. The Elephants, as well as the Hippopotamus, are fed at 3:30 p. m. every day inside the Pachyderm- (Elephant) House.] There are public restrooms to the left of the main gate of the 200 proper, in the building facing the Bear Grottoes, and in the building next to the Emu Corral. These are tables and benches available for picnicking in the play- ground area fronting the 200. Refreshments such as hot dogs, soft drinks, candy, peanuts, etc., are sold at the stand just at the right of the main gate of the 200 proper. In the summer months, refreshments are sold in the building fronting the Bear Grottoes. zoo BILL OF FARE Within the confines of the 200 are animals from the frozen wastes of the arctic, from the grassy plains, the hot, dry deserts, from the steaming jungles and the humid swamps, as well as animals from the temperate re- gions. It is the zoo-keeper's job to reproduce as nearly as possible the living conditions of the area to which each animal is indigenous. Thus, an animal should be fed a food that approximates as closely as possible that which he would eat in his normal diet in the wild state. Following is a list of animals, giving their diet in the wild state and what they are fed in the zoo. GIRAFFE POLAR BEAR GRIZZLY BEAR DEER ELEPHANT HIPPOPOTAMUS BEARS CHIMPANZEE MONKEYS Natural Diet Leaves and tender shoots. Seals and fish. Smaller mammals, fish, fruits, berries. Leaves, tender shoots. Grass, leaves, fruit, bamboo shoots, twigs and juicy bark. Water-reeds, grasses. Smaller mammals, fish, fruits and berries. Various fruits. Various fruits and nuts Some Insects and grubs. Alfalfa, oat hay, grain. Acacia leaves. Fatty portions of horsemeat. Fish, fruits and vegetables. Horsc-mcat. bread, fruit, some vegetables. Alfalfa, hay. grain and primings from shrubs Oat hay. alfalfa on ore. ision Oat hay and alfalfa Snack of carrots and bread. Horsc-mcat. fruit.-, .out vege- tables in season, bread Most fruits in season I .ettuee Bread and milk on occasion Fruits and \ egetables in season Bread KINKAJOU CACOMISTL KANGAROO COATI-MUNDI BINTURONG FLAMINGO COYOTE PENGUIN OTTER WILDCATS LESSER PANDA JAPANESE BADGERS WATER BUFFALO YAK Natural Diet Insects, bird's eggs, birds, fruit and honey. Small mammals, birds and eggs. Grass, leaves and shrubs. Insects, worms, birds, small animals. Birds, eggs, fruits. Aquatic plants, mollusks. Small mammals and birds, frogs, snakes, lizards. Fish, shrimp. Mostly fish, small mammals, shellfish. Small mammals and birds. Bamboo leaves, small mammals and birds. Small mammals and birds. Grass and tender water- reeds. Coarse, dry grass. Zoo Diet Soft fruits, ground horse- meat, milk, bread, raw eggs. Soft fruits, ground horse- meat, chicken heads, milk, bread. Raw fresh eggs. Alfalfa, chopped fruits and vegetables. Bread. Fruits, vegetables, chicken heads, horse-meat. Ground horse-meat, chicken heads, fruits, some vegetables. A mash of finely ground car- rots, beets, peppers, brewers yeast, dried flies, wheat, bread and shrimp. Some cal- cium phosphate is added to this mixture. Daily portions of horse- meat. Whitebait, smelt. Flounders, sole and horse- meat. Chicken heads, portions of horse-meat. Cooked sweet potatoes, fruit in season, bamboo leaves. Chicken heads, horse-ribs, ground horse-meat, .small amounts of fruits and vegetables. Oat hay and some alfalfa. Oat hay and some alfalfa. FEEDING SCHEDULE Lions — 2 p. m. every day except Monday. They are fed inside the Lion House. Leopards, Jaguars, Wildcats, etc. — 3 to 3:30 p. m. every day except Monday. Seals — 1:30 p. m. and 4 p. m. daily. There is no "Seal Show" on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Elephants — 3:30 p. m. daily. They are fed inside the Elephant House. Hippopotamus — 3:30 p. m. The Hippo, too, is fed inside the Elephant House. Penguins — Between 4:30 p.m. and 5 p. m. daily. Chimpanzees — Lettuce and fruit between 1 p. m. and 1:30 p. m. daily. Aviary — Between 1:30 p. m. and 2 p. m. daily. THE LEOPARDS The Leopards are to be found in the string of cages directl) wes( of the Lion House. Leopards are, if anything, more fiero larger cousins, the Lions and the Tigers. They are found in their native state throughout Asia and Africa, and although then in color and size, they all belong to the same group. Most Leopards are arboreal and subsist entirely on meal I ike mosl members of the cat family, (hey do mosl of their hunting al nighl In Asia the Leopard ranges from the Malay Peninsula into Mongolia and Manchuria. 1 I i i I Although a tropical animal, the Lion thrives in captiv- ity and breeds well. Henrietta, a Lioness who has been at the San Francisco Zoo for over twenty years, has already raised more than thirty cubs to maturity. Actually, most of the Lions now seen in zoos and circuses are raised in the United States rather than being imported from Africa. The Lions are to be seen most of the time in the natural-like grottoes which face the Zebra corral on the south side of the Lion House 1 low ever, every day, with the exception of Monday, when they arc not fed, they are taken to their inside quarters just before 2 p. m. At 2 o'clock each Lion is given a portion of horse-meat of from ten to fifteen pounds. After their repast they are again removed to the more spacious grottoes. They usually take from thirty to forty-five minutes to eat, SO are usually outside again at 3 p. m. Many people ask about the difficulty of moving the animals back and forth at feeding time. Actual!), it is a simple task. The keeper simply opens the door leading from the grottoes to the inside cages and the animals, who know their feeding tune with a< ( ura< v. promptly enter the building. The door is then shut to prevent the animals from drag ging the bones into the grottoes. When the animals are finished eating, and the bones ar< of the cages with a long iron hook, the connecting door is once again opened and the Lions readily return to the grottoes. This procedure is also followed in the feeding of the Tigers. THE TIGERS The Tigers are located in the grottoes on the southern side of the Lion House. Like the Lions, they are fed every day at 2 p. m. with the exception of Monday. The Tigers will be inside the Lion House during this feeding period, which usually takes about an hour, then they are moved back to their outside quarters. Tigers, although greater in length than Lions, are usually not as heavy. They are purely an Asiatic animal, whereas the Lion once roamed not only in Africa but also in many parts of Asia and was even once found in certain sections of Southern Europe. There are still a few Lions to be found in northern India. Although usually thought of as being an animal of the tropics, Tigers range as far north as Siberia. Tigers are a meat-eating animal and feed extensively on deer and antelope. They do most of their hunting at night, but, if hungry, will occasion- ally venture forth in the day. Tigers apparently do not breed as well as Lions while in captivity, and the young are more difficult to raise. Unlike most cats, Tigers seem to be fond of water and will swim on occasion. They will also sometimes climb trees. This is SID, a baby Tiger born in th< zoo THE WATER BUFFALO The Water Buffalo Corral faces the Seal Pool on the east and the Axis Deer Corral on the south. Although rated as one of the most dan- gerous animals in the wild state, the Asiatic Water Buffalo has been domes- ticated for centuries and has proved its value as a work animal. They love water and on a hot day will stand entirely immersed in a pond or river. Maggie, the female Buffalo at the San Francisco Zoo, is fed on a diet of alfalfa and hay. THE BEARS The large natural appearing grottoes which are southeast from the Seal Pool serve as the stages where those natural playboys and actors, the Black, the Brown, and the Grizzly Bears, go through their routines in begging goodies from the visitors. The American Black Bear is found in wooded areas throughout temperate North America. A fully grown Black Bear will weigh from 250 to 400 pounds. The Brown or Cinnamon Bear is simply another phase of the Black Bear. The Black Bear will eat practically anything; fruits, berries, other mammals, fish, frogs or insects. The Grizzly Bear, once common in Western North America from Mexico to Alaska, is now almost extinct in the United States. It is much larger than the Black Bear, weighing from 600 to 800 pounds. The Grizzly may be identified by the well denned hump over its shoulders. It feeding habits arc similar to those of the Black Bear, but on occasion it will not hesitate to attack Elk, Deer or Cattle. THE SUN BEARS There are two small grottoes just to the east of the Elephant House. In one of these are housed the two Sun Bears. These bears are native to the Malay peninsula and the large adjacent islands. Al- though rather comical in appear- ance due to their pigeon-toed walk, they have a very glossy black coat. Like most bears they love honey, which is their main delicacy when wild. POLAR BEARS The Polar Bear is one of the largest of the bear family, some- times weighing as much as 1,500 pounds and attaining a length of ten or eleven feet. It has a longer neck than other bears and has a flatter skull. Its color ranges from yellowish-white to pure white and the hair is soft and dense. It is an excellent swimmer and is equally at home on land or on sea. The soles of its feet are hairy, which enables it to keep its footing on slippery rocks or ice. THE LESSER PANDA The Lesser Panda ranges from the eastern Himalayas to northwest China, and is about the size of a very large cat. Its fur is a remark- able reddish chestnut and it has a long ringed tail. It exists on bam- boo leaves as well as small mam- mals, eggs and insects. The Lesser Panda is able to climb trees and secures much of its food in this THE ELEPHANTS Attracting the most visitors, and especially interesting to children are the Elephants, which may be seen in the large enclosure on the southern side of the Pachyderm House. There are two varieties of Elephants, African and Asiatic. The African Elephant is taller and has much larger ears and tusks than its eastern cousin. Those in the San Francisco Zoo are of the Asiatic type. The Elephants, along with the Tapirs and the Hippopotamus, are fed at 3:30 p. m. At this time they are moved to the inside of the building where their dining habits may be viewed by the public. THE GIRAFFE Just to the left, or east, of the main gate of the zoo proper, is the Giraffe Barn. All Giraffes come from Africa. They are the tallest of living creatures, sometimes reaching a height of almost twenty feet. They are a browsing animal, their favorite food being the tender leaves of various trees, mainly the acacia. Surprisingly enough there are only seven vertebrae in their long neck. They have very long tongues, eighteen inches, which they use when feeding. On their heads are large knobby "horns" which are very effective weapons. Zoo Belle, the Giraffe on exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo, was born in the zoo in 1938. THE ZEBRAS In a westerly direction from the Muntjacs, and across the path from the Lion Grottoes, are the Zebras. These animals, native to Africa, are striking for their remarkable black and white markings. Although al- most never domesticated, Zebras thrive fairly well in captivity. THE TAPIR 4bh The enclosure on the extreme southeast of the Pachyderm House is the domicile of the South American Tapir. The Tapir is mostly a noc- turnal animal and usually inhabits heavily wooded marshy areas where it feeds on shoots of trees, leaves and various fruits. In the zoo, the Tapir receives, besides alfalfa, chopped vegetables and some fruit. THE AXIS DEER The Axis Deer are in the large grassy corral be- tween the corrals of the Llamas and the Water Buffalo. These beautiful spotted animals are natives of India and Ceylon. The antlers of an adult male will some- times reach three feet in length. Sharing the same corral with the Axis Deer are the Sassin Antelope, which also come from India. The Sassin Antelope, also called the Black Buck, is one of the fastest four-footed animals. THE WALLAROOS In another sandy corral next to that of the Camels are those interesting Australian animals, the Walla- roos. Like their cousins, the Kangaroos, they are marsupials, that is, pouched animals. The mothers carry the young in these pouches for months after birth, or until they are big enough to fend for themselves. The Wallaroos are not as big as the Kangaroos and are grey, while the latter are usu- ally brown in color. THE LLAMAS The Llama Corral, opposite from the corral of the Ostrich, is a beautiful grassed pasture shaded with cypress trees. The Llama is a very hardy animal, originating on the high slopes of the Andes Mountains in South America, where it subsisted on the coarse grass and stunted shrubbery of that region. It has been domesticated for hundreds of years, and is valued not only as a beast of burden but for its flesh and for its milk, as well as its fine wool. It takes well to captivity and breeds well. The young of the Llama is up and around within forty-five minutes after being born. They are fed alfalfa and oat hay. MONKEY ISLAND Monkey Island, which is just east of the Pachyderm Building or Elephant House, is always one of the outstanding attractions of the zoo. The man-made mountain is the stage for the almost continuous perform- ance put on by over fifty Spider Monkeys who make their home there. The Spider Monkey, from Central and South America, is a lively creature, and is always performing antics. Their long, prehensile tail, which can be used as a fifth limb, enables them to be extremely acrobatic and to perform "stunts" which they seemto enjoy. The Spider Monkey, unlike others of the family, has but four fingers, there being no visible thumb. Their color varies from a creamy white to a greyish black. These monkeys breed well in captivity and the mothers may often be seen climbing around with their new-born clinging to them. "Chief," a grizzled old veteran whose coat is liberally sprinkled with grey, is well named as he is undoubtedly the "headman" of the island. SPIDER MONKEYS Spider Monkeys at mealtime. The Monkeys always sort through their food and select the choicest morsels. THE GIBBON The Gibbons of southeastern Asia and the large adjacent islands have extraordinary long arms which adapt them perfectly to their entirely arboreal way of life. Fruit and leaves form the mainstay of their diet, but at times they also eat small birds and insects. THE CHIMPS We have four chimps in the San Francisco Zoo and each has his own individual mannerisms. Bimbo, a 20-year-old who occupies the cage near- est the office, is a natural showman. He is known throughout the city as the "spitting monkey." His favorite trick is to attract a crowd by drum- ming on the steel doors, jumping up and down, and emitting loud shrieks. When the crowd gathers, Bimbo gives them all a liberal spraying of water with which he had filled his mouth before going through his act. He then chuckles to himself and struts around his cage. Bondo, in the next cage, is one of the oldest chimps in captivity, being 35 years of age. In the morning Bondo brings from his sleeping quarters a large armful of straw, carefully arranges it on the wooden plat- form of his cage, and sits down on it. All day long he sits there, alter- nately dozing or looking quizzically at Bimbo's antics and gazing benevo- lently at the crowd. In the evening, Bondo gathers up his straw and returns to his sleeping quarters. Hack, who at 9 years has just reached maturity, has also picked up Bimbo's trick, but has added an innovation of his own. He gathers up a big handful of straw, sawdust or refuse from the bottom of his cage and with unerring aim pelts the un- wary visitor who ventures too close. Joey, shown here with his keeper, Mr. Willy Wills, is still a youngster, just 5 years old. He loves to gather up a big bundle of straw and push it around his cage like a mother with a baby buggy. THE CAMELS Both the one- and the two-humped variety of Camels may be seen in the sandy paddock directly east of the Giraffe Barn. The one-humped Camel is known as the Dromedary and the two-humped, as the Bactrian. Camels are a highly esteemed beast of burden in the hot, sandy deserts of both Africa and Asia. They are also useful for their milk, meat and hair. Their humps are not used to store up water, as is popularly sup- posed; the fat in them, however, does serve as a reserve store of food. 4 THE ELAND ANTELOPE The Eland Antelope Paddock is adjacent to that of the Nilgai. The Eland is the largest member of the antelope family, large males sometimes measuring almost six feet high at the shoulders. Both sexes are horned. Outstanding features of the Elands are the large "dewlaps" which hang from their throat and their humped shoulders. HOW TO REACH THE ZOO The main gate of the 200 is located at 44th Avenue and Sloat Boule- vard and is easily accessible by both auto and public transportation. The No. 18 bus line stops directly in front of the main gate of the zoo and the terminus of the "L" line is only a short block away. You may transfer to both of these lines from many downtown streetcar and bus lines, among them being the No. 2 (Sutter Street), "B" (Geary Street), No. 5 (McAl- lister Street), and the "N" (Judah Street). The 200 may also be entered either from Fleishhacker Pool to the west, from Sloat Boulevard and 42nd Avenue to the east or from Sunset Boulevard to the south. HOW TO SEE THE ZOO The San Francisco Zoological Gardens extend over thirty acres and have hundreds of animals enclosed in many different structures. It is almost impossible to view all of these animals without retracing steps many times unless some idea as to the general layout and location of the various buildings is given. That is the reason for this guide. The main entrance to the 200 proper is on the northwest side and may be reached from Fleishhacker Pool or from the playfield. Immedi- ately to the left of the main gate is the Duck Pond and straight ahead and to the left is the Giraffe Barn, which faces the Camel Corrals. Cages containing monkeys and other small animals are located on the path lead- ing past the Camels. The large building to the east of the Camel Corrals is the Elephant House (Pachyderms). The Walleroo Corral fronts the west end of the building where our baby Elephant is quartered. In the outside courts are the Elephants, as well as the Peccaries and the Tapirs, and on the east side of the building is the Hippo Pool. Just across the road from the Hippo Pool are two grottoes housing the Sun Bears and other mammals. As you face these grottoes Monkey Island will be directly to your left. North of Monkey Island is the Aviary, fronted by the Lower Lake, which contains Flamingoes, Pelicans, and numerous other aquatic birds. On the sloping hill behind the Aviary are the Mouflon Sheep. East of the Aviary are the Seal Pool and the Bear Grottoes. The Seals are fed every day at 1:30 and 4:30 p. m. The path then curves to the south past the corrals of the Yaks, the Barbary Sheep, the Nelgai Ante- lope, and the Eland. To your right as you pass the Eland Corral will be the Axis Deer and the Llamas, and farther on, and to your left, will be the Ostriches, the Rheas, and the Muntjacs. As you pass the south entrance to the 200, the Lion Grottoes will be to your right and the Zebra and Fallow Deer Corrals to your left. (Note — From 2 p. m. until 3 p. m. is feeding time for the Lions and Tigers and during these hours it will be necessary to enter the Lion House to see them.) There are Wolves, Bears, and Coyotes in their cages at the front of the Lion House. Penguins are in the large Landscape Pool fronting the Lion House, and Otters in the small Circular Pool just to the west of it. In the grottoes to the east of the Lion House are the Coati-Mundis fnd the Wombats. Along the path leading to the west from the Lion House are the cages housing the smaller cats, that is, the Leopards, Jaguars, Ocelots, Wildcats, etc. Kangeroos are in the sandy corral to the left. As the path turns and heads north, it passes the cages of the Lesser Pandas, the Binturongs, and other mammals. The Chimpanzees are located directly in front of the zoo office. In the same string of cages are the Baboons and the Gibbons. Across the path are the Cassowaries and the Emus. Many different types of Monkeys are in the cages behind the Chimpanzees, and in the cages west of the Giraffe Barn are more Monkeys as well as tropical birds. The Andean Condors are also quartered in that area. Animals are occasionally moved from one enclosure to another, so possibly some animals may not be in the same location as described here. However, any keeper will be glad to inform you as to any changes that have been made. THE AVIARY Just to the north of Monkey Island and east of the 1 ower I ake is this beautiful structure which houses the aquatic birds. ITiese birds may be seen swimming or wading in the two miniature lakes, or perched in the trees which border the lakes. Among the buds in the Avian art many different varieties of Storks, Craness Pelicans, Pheasants, Screi and Guinea Hens. Their roomy quarters allow visitors to \ iew them almost as though they were in their native habitat. THE FLAMINGOES These beautiful, rosy pink birds may be seen in the natural setting of the Lower Lake near the front of the Aviary. They are rather peculiar birds, their long legs giving them a stork-like appearance, while their webbed feet are duck-like. The Flamingo has an odd bill which is turned back upon itself so that the upper half faces downward when the bird is feeding, the tip being directed backwards. The bird has a sieve apparatus in this bill with which it strains out its food from the mud. The favorite foods of the Flamingo in its wild state are small shellfish and aquatic plants. They usually gather in large flocks, and the flight of one of these groups of birds is an awesome spectacle. In order that Flamingoes may maintain their striking plumage in captivity, it is necessary to feed them a mash which contains, among other things, ground beets, carrots, and shrimp. Also to be seen on the Lower Lake are Pelicans, Swans, Geese, and many varieties of wild Ducks. THE HORNBILL These odd-looking birds may well be called the "Schnozzle Durantes" of the bird family. Their large beaks are not as much of a burden as would be supposed, as these beaks are relatively light in weight. Hornbills feed mostly on fruit, but at times will eat grubs and insects. They are not soli- tary birds but usually gather in large flocks. They build their nests in hollow trees. 33 THE OSTRICHES The Ostriches occupy the hillside corral just south of the Elands and across the road from the Llama Paddock. The Ostrich, a native of Africa, is the largest of the bird family, often attaining a height of over seven feet and a weight of three hundred pounds. It cannot fly but is very fast on its feet and is said to be able to outrun a fast horse. The male is a strik- ing black and white, while the female is grey. The Ostrich is a vegetarian bird and in the zoo is fed alfalfa, grain, and lettuce and chopped vegetables. The female Ostrich will lay from twenty- five to thirty eggs in a year. They are a creamy white in color, about six inches long, and weigh well over three pounds each. Although we have re- peatedly tried to do so, we have not yet been able to hatch any of these eggs by incubation in the San Fran- r Both the Emus and the Cassowaries are housed in the corral Oppositt the Chimpanzee cages. The brightly colored bare skin on the head and neck is a striking characteristic of all Cassowaries. They are flightless and hav< on each foot. These toes are equipped with horny Jaws which make a very effective weapon. The Emus, too, are incapable of flight and have three ioc s on each foot. They are to be found only in Australia. The female Emu lays beau- tiful dark green eggs which are about four inches in length. H THE RHEA Quartered also in the same corral as the Muntjacs are these South American representatives of the flightless birds, the Rheas. Both males and females have grey plumage and three toes on each foot. They are only about one-half the size of an Ostrich. The female lays white eggs which are about four inches in length. THE PENGUINS These odd-looking Ant- arctic birds are housed in the large rectangular Landscape Pool, located between the Lion House and the Elephant House. Out of the water and standing erect they comically resemble a man attired in an evening suit, while their Charlie Chaplinish gait en- hances their clownish aspect. In the water it is a different matter, however, as they are very fast and graceful swim- mers. They are unable to fly. Their diet consists entirely of fish. .< THE OTTERS The Otters are in a small circular pool just to the west of the Land- scape Pool. A semi-aquatic animal, the Otter is to be found "in almost all portions of the world. Even in its wild state it is an extremely play- ful animal and often builds mud- slides just for the fun of it. Be- cause of its beautiful fur it has been extensively trapped in this country and is a comparatively rare amni.il. Otters live mostly on fish, Frogs, shellfish, and occasionally small mammals. They arc a great Favorite of zoo visitors, who love to watch their playful antics. THE HIPPOPOTAMUS The Hippopotamus enclosure on the eastern end of the Pachyderm House contains a deep pool of clear water where Puddles, a resident of the San Francisco Zoo for more than twenty years, spends most of his time. The Hippopotamus, an African animal, is essentially water-loving and spends the major part of his time either in the water or near it. He even sleeps in the water. Feeding time for the Hippo is at 3:30 every afternoon, at which time the animal is moved to its quarters inside the building. The Hippo is fed, besides alfalfa and hay, some vegetables and bread. THE BINTURONG The Binturong is to be found throughout southeastern Asia from the eastern Himalayas to Java. It is a tree-living animal and does most of its hunting by night. It has a long, rather bushy tail which is prehensile and which it uses as an aid in climbing. It is not choosy in its diet and will eat anything from small mammals to fruits and leaves. THE COATI-MUNDI The small tree-living Coatis are to be seen in one of the two small grottoes directly east of the Lion House. They range from the southern part of the United States through Mexico and Central America as far south as Paraguay. Their long snout-like noses give them an odd appear. ma. Coatis feed on small animals, birds and eggs, as well as worms and insects. THE BARBARY SHEEP The enclosure of the Barbary Sheep fronts directly on the Upper Lake and is just south of the Bear Grottoes. The majestic appearance of the adult male Sheep is due to the large curved horns and long flowing mane or beard. In nature, they inhabit the wild mountains of North Africa and are excellent climbers. In the zoo they love to roam around the rocks of the artificial mountain in their paddock or to stand at its pin- nacle and survey the passers-by with a speculative gaze. They breed well in captivity and the young are able to clamber up the sides of their rock "mountain" within an hour after birth. They are extremely hardy and in their wild state are often found in areas that seem absolutely void of edible vegetation. In the zoo they thrive well on a diet of oat hay and alfalfa. MOUFLON SHEEP In the hilly corral just above the Aviary and fronting on Sloat Boulevard are the Mouflon Sheep. These animals are to be found in the mountainous re- gions of Sardinia and Corsica. The horns of an old ram will form almost a complete circle. THE COYOTE The Coyotes are in one of the cages on the west side of the Lion House. These animals may still be found in North America in considerable numbers from Mexico to Alaska. They have a pointed nose, erect cars, and are about the size of a sheep dog. Their prey usually is small mam- mals and birds and occasionally deer and antelope and sometimes sheep. THE SEALS Although commonly called Seals, these animals are actually Califor- nia Sea Lions. The "Seal Show" which is held twice daily at 1:30 p.m. and 4 p. m. (excepting Tuesdays and Wednesdays) is one of the most popular features of the San Francisco Zoo. The animals enjoy these per- formances just as much as the audience and try to outdo each other in their various acts which include playing ball, diving, sliding, playing dead, etc. They relish the applause of the crowd with the same gusto that they accept their rewards of fish, and in fact often applaud for them- selves by clapping their flippers together vigorously if they feel that the audience has not responded* in sufficient volume. Sea Lions are highly intelligent and have a marvelous sense of balance, which makes them relatively easy to train. Our troupe is composed of Noisy, Babe, Patsy, Silver, and Mac, and each member knows his own name and responds to it instantly. The Sea Lion is by far the most intelligent of the "Seal" family, and differs from the common Seal in that it is somewhat larger, has larger flippers and also has external ears. THE FARM "The Farm," located in the children's playground near Kezar Stadium, is actually that in miniature form. Here city-bred children may get a close-up acquaintance with many of the animals often connected with life on a typical American farm. Among the animals to be seen here are Goats, Sheep, Chickens, Geese, Ducks, Guinea Pigs, and Rabbits. PICNIC TABLES These picnic tables are for the accommodation of those who like to bring their lunch while enjoying the 200 or the playground. The picnic area is located in the playground which fronts the 200. THE PLAYFIELD The playfield with its swings, slides, miniature Ferris wheel, and sand-boxes is an unfailing attraction for all children. There is also a wading pool for the youngsters to splash about in. FLEISHHACKER POOL Fleishhacker Pool is the largest outdoor swimming pool in the world. It is one thousand feet in length and contains six million gallons of heated sea water. It is located at the juncture of Sloat Boulevard and Great Highway. THE MERRY-GO-ROUND The merry-go-round, that ever-popular attraction for the children, located in the playfield. Next to the merry-go-round are the pony rides. THE FERRIS WHEEL Up and 'round and down. The miniature Ferris wind takes tin children for a thrilling "ridc-in-thc-sky." It is also located in the playfield 47 MINIATURE RAILROAD Just to the right of the refreshment stand at the main gate to the zoo is the miniature railroad which chugs its way over a figure-eight course adjacent to the zoo grounds. This souvenir book makes a handsome gift for children and grown-ups alike. It is a lasting store of fascinating facts. EXTRA COPIES may be obtained from any of the leading magazine stands, book dealers or souvenir shops in San Fran- cisco, or by mailing fifty cents (50#) for each copy to the Joseph & Decker Publishing Co. 99 South Van Ness Avenue San Francisco 3, Calif. Recorder-Sunset Press, San Francisco.