Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 May, 1993 VoL 12, No. 1 NEXT MEETING: Cirratulidae and Dorvilleidae GUEST SPEAKERS: Drs. James Blake and Brigitte Hilbig of Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts DATE’ June 21,1993 TIME: 9:30am-3:00pm LOCATION: 1036 Buena Vista Drive, (Larry's Home) Vista, California (map is included) JUNE 21 MEETING The Isopod meeting originally scheduled for June 14 has been postponed until September. The next meeting will occur on June 21 and will be held at Larry Lovell's house. Dr. James Blake plans to discuss Cirratulidae in the morning and Dr. Brigitte Hilbig will talk about Dorvilleidae (emphasison the smaller spedes) in the afternoon. Please bring any cirratulid or dorvilleid spedmens of interest or concern for feedback from Drs. Blake and Hilbig. Figure from Polychaeta of the Far Eastern Seas of the U.S.S.R. by P. V. Ushakov, 1965 FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. Scamii Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for fromal taxonomic purposes . May, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 1 MINUTES FROM MEETING ON MAY 10 It was announced that the 1993 Western Society of Malacologists meeting will be held at La Jolla, California from June 27 to July 1,1993. The site of the meetings will be Radisson Hotel La Jolla (formerly La Jolla Village Inn). Included in this year's agenda is a "Contemporary Research on Mollusca" symposium and a "Malacofauna of western Mexico" symposium. The Southern California Academy of Sciences annual meeting is scheduled for June 4-5,1993 at California State University, Long Beach. The index to program and general information is included in this newsletter. Larry Lovell mentioned an article that may be of some interest to SC AMTT members. The article is entitled Megabenthic Assemblages of Coastal Shelves, Slopes, and Basins off Southern California writtenby Dr. Bruce Thompson, David Tsukada, and Jimmy Laughlin. It is in the Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin (April 1993, volume 92, number 1). Enclosed in this newsletter is the 1992-93 Treasury's Report. The rest of the meeting was devoted to resolving the master species list containing the four major dischargers and discussing the addition of the smaller dischargers. FUTURE MEETINGS The meeting on July 12,1993will coverSabellidae Polychaeta. Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh will emphasize the Subfamily Sabellinae ( Demonax, Sabella, Megalomma, PseudopotamiUa etc). It will be held in the new polychaete lab at Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Please begin organizing specimens now and send them to Kirk prior (preferably) or bring them to the meeting. The August 9, 1993 meeting will be the final SCAMIT meeting concerning the master species list of the southern California benthos and will include continued discussion on the addition of the smaller dischargers. It will be at the Cabrillo Marine Museum, San Pedro, Ca. SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 2 SCAMIT TREASURY SUMMARY, 1992-93 During the past fiscal year, April 1992 through March 1993, the major expense was the newsletter for printing t postage, and supplies, $1856.90. Two publication grants were awarded to Gretchen Lambert for an ascidian paper ($400) and Larry Lovell for a polychaete paper ($487.50). Few grants were awarded pending results of an RFP to SCCWRP for creating a list of southern California soft bottom species. This contract was awarded in January and the first installment of $5000 was received in February. This money will be used for SCAMIT’s puplication support program. SCAMIT’s secondary source of income, $1684.00, came from membership dues. The following is a summary of the expenses and income: Expenses Newsletter Grants Workshops Miscellaneous Total $1856.90 887.50 662.97 346.10 $4753.47 Income SCCWRP Contract Dues Interest T-Shirts Donations Miscellaneous Total $5000.00 1685.00 66.83 0 0 20.00 $6771.83 Account balance (March 31, 1993) Savings Checking Total $5540.11 1133.45 $6673.56 INDEX TO PROGRAM Room locations arc listed by these abbreviations: Lecture Hall.LH1 Peterson Hall.PHI Science Lecture Hall.„SCL TOPIC Page Location Campus map................. . ...Centerfold Genera] Information..... *1 * -H* Friday, June 4 Plcanory Session.-.-. 4 LH151 Marine Biology and Oceanography.. 5,8-9 PHI-141 Terrestrial Biology... ..6,10-11 PHI-140 Global Warming.*____ .7 LH151 Endangered Species in Southern California..,., .12 SCL-048 Cell and Molecular Biology & Physiology. .13-14 SCL-050 Reception (Wine and Cheese).,... Soroptomist House Saturday, June 5 The Biology or Marine Wastewater Outfalls. ,.15-16 PHI-141 Air Quality in Southern California. 17 LH151 Biology of Fishes.. PHI-140 23-24 Ecology and Environmental Science. .20,25-26 SCL-050 Multi-media, Computer-based Instruction. ,...21 PHI-112 Panel; Are State Standard Protecting Coast PHI-141 Watcrs7...... _22 High School: Session 1. 30 32 PHI-220 High School: Session I!.. PHI-223A High School: Session HI. PHI-219 Business Meeting.. SCL-050 Barbeque and Awards. Upper Campus Quad 2 HOW TO GET HERE: PARKING: REGISTRATION: SLIDES: AWARDS: GENERAL INFORMATIO N From the north (Los Angeles or Long Beach Airports) proceed south on San Diego Freeway (405) to the Bellflower Blvd. exit in Long Beach; turn left at end or off-ramp and go one- half block to Bellflower Blvd; right on Bellflower for approximately one mile, go past the main entrance to the university to 7th Street; left on 7lh Street to second stoplight at West Campus Dr.; left onto campus and follow signs to Information Booth. From the south (Orange County John Wayne Airport) you take the 405 Freeway north to Long Beach; exit on the 7lh Street exit and continue to the second stoplight at East Campus Dr.; right onto campus and follow signs to Information Booth. Look for an 8 story building fronting on 7th Street; the information booth is adjacent to it. Visitor Parking is near 7th Street and will be available in Parking Lots 6,7 and 8. Please see the person in the Information Booth for access and directions. The_cciiteifQld in this Program is vour parking permit: pull it out of the booklet and place on your dashboard. Opens 7:30 a.m. in the breeze-way outside of the Peterson Hall 1 Lecture Halls. Those pre¬ registered should check in at the Pre- registration desk. For those registering at the meeting, fees are: Member: $35; Non-member: $40; Student: $15. Barbeque Tickets: $20 (However, because of the need for advanced reservations, very few barbeque tickets may be available at the desk). These should be given to the projectionist in the room where the paper will be delivered. Morning speakers should deliver their slides by 8:30 a.m.; afternoon speakers by 12:30 p.m. Please brine vour slides, in correct order, in YQur.pwn.irBY or carousel and have vour name on il . •ARCO Best Environmental Science Paper Award •Association of Fisheries Research Biologists Best Fish Biology Paper Award •Durham Memorial Best vertebrate Zoology Paper Award . •Southern California Botanists Best Botanical Paper Award •4 5CAS Best Paper Awards in Open Categories •THROUGHOUT THIS PROGRAM, an asterisk indicates a student paper to be considered for award. 3 Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 June, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 2 NEXT MEETING: Sabellidae GUEST SPEAKER: Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA DATE: July 19,1993 TIME: 9:30am-3:00pm LOCATION: New Polychaete Lab at Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Los Angeles, CA (enter at staff entrance as usual) JULY 19 MEETING The July 19 meeting will cover Sabellidae Polychaeta. Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh will emphasize the Subfamily Sabellinae ( Demonax , Sabella, Megalamma , Pseudopotamilla etc). It will be held at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Please beginorganizingspedmens now and send them to Kirk prior (preferably) or bring them to the meeting. Figure from Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Vol.VII by Barry A. Vittor and Associates, Inc. FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. Scamit Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for format taxonomic purposes. June, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 2 MINUTES FROM MEETING ON JUNE 21 Ron Velarde announced that the 74th Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Naturalists in conjunction with the American Society of Zoologists (ASZ) will be held December 26-30, 1993 at the Hilton and Hyatt Regency in Los Angeles, California. Larry Lovell stated that SCAMTT should think about organizing a volume for a future Southern California Academy of Sciences (SC AS) bulletin containing Southern California fauna. If anyone is interested or has any ideas please contact Larry at: 1036 Buena Vista Dr- Vista, CA 92083 (619) 945-1608 Dr. Jim Blake started the morning by discussing the MMS Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Macrofauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Included in the newsletter is the outline of the 14 volumes and the authors for each section The first volume is scheduled to be released in three to four weeks. Paul Scott of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History will have an announcement in a future newsletter about subscribing to the atlas. Dr. Blake announced to the group about the passing away of Ralph Smith (U. C. Berkeley). He also stated that the 4th edition of Light's and Smith's Manual by Jim Carlton is being planned and information in the manual will be expanded to cover the California/Oregon border to Point Conception. Dr. Brigitte Hilbig then discussed Dorvilleidae. She presented illustrations of 5 species that will appear in the MMS Atlas. The five species are Dorvillea (Schistomeringos) longicomis (Ehlers, 1901), Parougia batia (Jumars / 1974) / Dori?i7/efl (Schistomeringos) annulata (Moore, 1906), Parophryotrocha n. sp. and Pettiboneia breuipalpa Hilbig and Ruff, 1990. Included in this newsletter is a copy of her Dorvilleidae key. In her key, the Genera marked with an asterisk are not included in the Adas. The spedes Parougia caeca (Webster and Benedict) marked with an asterisk means that it should show up in So. California, but she did not find it in the Santa Maria Basin. Brigitte also stated that the presence/absence of furcate setae is a variable character and shouldn't be relied upon. Instead she said the jaws should be used for identification. The larger specimens can be opened dorsally and the smaller specimens can be cleared in 10% KOH for an hour or two (check every 20 minutes). In the afternoon Dr. Blake reviewed Cirratulidae. The first Genus discussed was Chaetozone. Chaetozone armata Hartman, 1963 and C. corona Berkeley and Berkeley, 1941 are valid species. Chaetozone gracilis (Moore, 1923) and C. spinosa Moore,1903 are both valid, but occur at depths of 2,000 m or greater. As noted, C. multioculata Hartman,1961 is actually Cirratulus rirrafus (Muller, 1776). C. cf setosa Malmgren, 1867 as reported in California appears to be a complex of species and still needs to be discerned. The common specimens in the Santa Maria Basin are a new species. The Genus Caulleriella was then discussed. The type material of Caulleriella gracilis was reviewed by Blake and further information will be forthcoming. C, hamata as reported by Hartman, 1969 is valid but probably does not occur in California. The California specimens represent a new species. The next Genus discussed was Monticellim (denticulate setae). The species Blake presented were 2 June, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 2 FUTURE MEETINGS Monticellina tesselata (Hartman, 1960), M. n. sp. (Blake), M. dorsobranchialis (Kirkegaard, 1959), and a new species of Tony Phillip's M. sp B (Hyperion). Another Genus discussed was Aphelochaeta (smooth setae). The species described were Aphelochaeta monilaris (Hartman, 1960), A, martini (Saint-Joseph, 1894), and two descriptions of A. multifilis. (Moore, 1909). He is also preparing two new species of Tharyx . One occurs in deep water near San Francisco and the other is an introduced species occuring in San Francisco Bay. The August 9, 1993 meeting will be the final SCAMIT meeting concerning the master species list of the southern California benthos and will include continued discussion on the addition of the smaller dischargers. It will be at the Cabrillo Marine Museum, San Pedro, CA. The meeting in September will be on Anthurid Isopods with Dr. Rick Brusca of the San Diego Natural History Museum and Don Cadien of the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. It will be held at the San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA. SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 TAXONOMIC ATLAS OF THE BENTHIC MACROFAUNA OF THE SANTA MARIA BASIN AND WESTERN SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL Volume 1: Introduction, Benthic Ecology, Oceanography, Platyhelminthes, and Nemertea Introduction to the Taxonomic Atlas - Blake Physical Description of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel - Blake and Lissner Benthic Soft-substrate Community Ecology of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel - Blake Benthic Hard-substrate Community Ecology of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel - Lissner and Benech Platyhelminthes - Hilbig and Blake Nemertea - Blake Volume 2: Porifera (Green and Bakus) (done) Volume 3: Cnidaria Anemones - Fautin (done) Hydroids (Hochberg) Corals (Hochberg) Volume 4: Annelida Part I (volume complete^) Introduction to the Annelida (Blake and Ers£us) (done) Oligochaeta (Ers&is) (done) Introduction to the Polychaeta (Blake) (done) Polychaeta: Order Phyllodocida Family Phyllodocidae (Blake) (done) Family Lacydoniidae (Blake) (added family, done) Family Glyceridae (Hilbig) (done) Family Goniadidae (Hilbig) (done) Family Sphaerodoridae (Kudenov) (done) Family Hesionidae (Hilbig) (done) Family Pilargidae (Blake) (done) Family Nautiliniellidae (Blake) (added family, done) Family Nephtyidae (Hilbig) (done) Family Paralacydoniidae (Blake) (added family, done) Family Nereididae (Hilbig) (done) 1 Volume 5: Annelida Part 2 Order Phyllodocida (Continued) Family Syllidae (Kudenov and Harris) Family Aphroditidae (Blake) (done) Family Polynoidae (Ruff) Family Acoetidae (Blake) (done) Family Pholoidae (Blake) (done) Family Sigalionidae (Hilbig) Family Chrysopetalidae (not represented) Order Amphinomida Family Amphinomidae (Kudenov) (done) Family Euphrosinidae (Kudenov) (done) Order Eunicida Family Onuphidae (Hilbig) Family Eunicidae (Hilbig) (done) Family Lumbrineridae (Hilbig) (done) Family Arabellidae (Hilbig) (done) Family Dorvilleidae (Hilbig) (done) Volume 6: Annelida Part 3 Order Orbiniida Family Orbiniidae (Blake) (done) Order Spionida Family Apistobranchidae (Blake) (done) Family Spionidae (Maciolek, Blake) Family Trochochaetidae (not represented) Family Poecilochaetidae (Blake) Order Chaetopterida Family Chaetopteridae (Blake) Order Magelonida Family Magelonidae (Blake) Order Cirratulida Family Paraonidae (Blake) Family Questidae (not represented) Family Cirratulidae (Blake) Family Ctenodrilidae (Blake) Order Cossurida Family Cossuridae (Blake, Hilbig) Order Flabelligerida Family Flabelligeridae (Light) Family Acrocirridae (Light) Family Fauveliopsidae (Hilbig) Order Opheliida Family Opheliidae (Blake) Family Scalibregmatidae (Blake) Order Sternaspida Family Sternaspidae (Blake) Volume 7: Annelida Part 4 Order Capitellida Family Capitellidae (Ruff) Family Maldanidae (Light) Order Oweniida Family Oweniidae (Blake) Order Terebellida Family Pectinariidae (Blake) Family Sabellariidae (Blake) Family Ampharetidae (Hilbig) Family Trichobranchidae (Hilbig) Family Terebellidae (Hilbig) Order Sabellida Family Sabellidae (Ruff) Family Serpulidae (Ruff) Volumes 8: Mollusca Part 1 Gastropoda Opisthobranchiata (Gosliner) (November) Prosobranchiata (McLean) (August) Volume 9: Mollusca Part 2 Aplacophora (Scheltema) (September) Polypiacophora (Eernisse) (done, August) Bivalvia (Scott) (done) Scaphopoda (Shimek) (done) Cephalopoda (Hochberg) (done) Volume 10: Arthropoda Part 1 Introduction (Watling) Pycnogonida (Cadien, Dojiri) Crustacea Cirripedia (Watling) Decapoda (Martin) Mysidacea (Williams) Euphausiacea (Watling) Volume 11: Arthropoda Part 2 Peracarida Cumacea (Watling) Tanaidacea (Sieg, Dojiri) Isopoda (Wilson, Brusca) (done) 3 Volume 12: Arthropoda Part 3 Peracarida: Amphipoda (Conlan, Thomas, Watling) Introduction (Watling) Amphipod Morphology Laboratory Methods List of Abbreviations Glossary Key to the Suborders and Families Suborder Gammaridea Families Ampeliscidae to Urothoidae Suborder Cap rell idea Volume 13: Bryozoa (Soule et al) (September) Volume 14: Lesser Coelomata, Tunicata, Echinodermata Sipuncula (Winchell) (done) Echiura (Pilger) (done) Brachiopoda (Hochberg) (done) Phoronida (Hochberg) Echinodermata Asteroidea (Lissner) Ophiuroidea (Hendler) Echinoidea (Lissner) Holothuroidea (Bergen) (done) Hemichordata (Woodwick) Urochordata (Lambert) (done) 4 12.5 Key to the Dorvilleidae IA, Notopodia (• “dorsal cirri” with embedded acicula) present in at least some setigers .... 2 IB. Notopodia absent; dorsal cirri if present short, never with acicula. 10 2A. Notopodia present throughout body (may be absent on setiger 1); antennae and palps well developed, antennae moniliform, palps biarticulate; maxillae in four rows, with or without maxillary carriers, with at least one pair of basal plates (Fig. xx) . 3 2B. Notopodia with adculae present on limited number of anterior setlgers; antennae and palps well developed or reduced; maxillae in two, four, or numerous rows, consisting of free denticles only . 8 3A. Maxillae with maxillary carriers and both superior and inferior basal plates; furcate setae if present with short tines (Fig. xx): genus Dorvillea . 6 3B. Maxillae without inferior basal plates; furcate setae if present with long, slender tines (Fig. xx). 4 4A. Maxillary carriers present. genus Ougta * 4B. Maxillary carriers absent: genus Parougia . 5 5A. Body large (more than 10 mm long), rigid; furcate setae usually present; all setae with serrations at least distally; maxillae heavily sclerotized, visible through body wall as V-shaped structure; mandibles triangular, dark. Parougia caeca m 5B. Body small (about 5 mm long), fragile; furcate setae absent; all setae smooth and very slender; maxillae reduced, transparent, not visible through body wall; mandibles L-shaped with transparent center . Parougia batia 6A. Furcate setae absent (check several parapodia). subgenus DorvtUea * 6B. Furcate setae present: subgenus Schistomeringos . 7 7A, Dorsal cirri tapering, with cirrophores as long as cirrostyles; ventral cirri inserting subdlstally; furcate setae with short tines half as tong as long tines; anterior denticles with straight, finely serrated cutting edge. Dorvillea (Schistomeringos) armulata 7B, Dorsal cirri cylindrical, distally inflated, with cirrophores much longer than cirrostyles; ventral cirri inserting distally (may look like subdlstal insertion when ventral setal lobe is extended); furcate setae with short tines one-thirs as long as long tines (setiger 10); most anterior denticles with crescentic, wing-like serrated cutting edge and some larger distal teeth. . Dorvillea (Schistomeringos) longlcomis 8A. Maxillae in 8 to 14 rows; most denticles covered with surficial spines; antennae simple, palps biarticulate, palpophores maximally as long as palpostyles: genus Pettiboneia. Palps shorter than antennae, with very short palpophore; notopodia slightly longer than neuropodia, present in setigers 2 to 12. Petttboneia brevtpalpa 8B. Maxillae in 2 or 4 rows, none covered with surflcial spines. 9 9A, Maxillae in 4 rows, maxillary carriers absent; antennae moniliform, palps biarticulate, palpophores much longer than palpostyles; anterior notopodia with aciculae, posterior ones without aciculae. genus Dtapharosoma* 93. Maxillae in 2 rows, maxillary carriers present; antennae indistinctly articulate, palps blarticulate; palpophores about as long as palpostyles; notopodia present in limited number of anterior setigers . genus WestJvideia* 10A. Antennae and palps well developed, antennae moniliform; maxillae in 2 rows (Fig. xx); ventral cirri much longer than dorsal cirri. genus AnchidorvUlea* 10B* Antennae and palps well developed or reduced, antennae never moniliform; ventral cirri always shorter than dorsal cirri . 11 11 A. Maxillae with superior and inferior free denticles and forceps or icetongs formed by fused carriers and basal plates (Fig. xx); prostomial appendages and parapodial cirri present or absent. well developed or reduced. 13 11B. Maxillae in 2 or 4 rows, without forceps or icetongs. 12 12A. Maxillae in 2 rows . 20 12B. Maxillae In 4 rows, with superior and inferior free denticles, superior and inferior basal plates, and maxillary carriers (some elements may be reduced); antennae and palps well developed or reduced .. 15 13A. All setae simple: genus Parophryotrocha . Prostomium wider than long, with well-developed clavate antennae and palps; median and posterior setigers with dorsolateral and ventrolateral segmental lobes; setae including smooth spines and fine capillaries. Parophryotrocha brcvicapttls n.ip. 13B. Supraacicular setae simple, subacicular setae compound (ventralmost seta may be simple) 14 14A. Some or all setae in anterior setiger(s) greatly modified into recurved hooks genus Exallopus* 14B. Anterior setae if modified only slightly different from regular setae, never recurved; prostomial appendages and parapodial cirri usually short and simple.genus Ophryotrocha* 15A. Maxillae consisting of basal plates only; antennae and palps short, digitifonrgenus Elibtridens* 15B. Maxillae including free denticles. 16 16A. Minute interstitial forms, about 1 mm long, with maximally 15 setigers . 17 16B. Animals not interstitial, adults several millimeters long; antennae papilliform, palpi multi articulate, much longer than antennae; maxillary apparatus well-developed. *. genua ProtodonriUea 17A. Maxillae with superior and inferior basal plates and superior and inferior free denticles . . 18 17B. Maxillae with superior basal plates and superior and inferior free denticles; antennae simple, palps biarticulate, palpophores as long as palpostyles; all supraacicular setae simple spines . . . . .. genus Microdorvillea* ISA, Antennae moniliform, palps biarticulate, with long palpophore; supraacicular setae Including hircate setae with long, slender tines . genus CorQlliotrocha m 18B. Antennae simple or absent; furcate setae absent . 19 19A. Setae including serrated capillaries and compound falcigers with serrated shaft and blade; prostomium with simple palps, antennae absent; parapodia without cirri; mandibles ornate; maxillae with at least two pairs of free denticles.genus Petrocha* 19B. Both simple setae and blades of compound falcigers unidentate; capillaries serrated, compounds smooth; prostomium with simple palps, antennae absent; maximally 18 setigers, parapodia without cirri . genus Pusilloirocha* 20A. Maxillae consisting of 3 pairs of smooth, elongate plates; furcate or geniculate setae absent , . genus Pseudophryorrocha* 20B. Maxillae consisting of serrated, rounded free denticles. 21 21 A. Small, interstitial forms with reduced prostomial and parapodial appendages. 23 2IB. Adults several millimeters long, not interstitial. 22 22A. Maxillary carriers absent; supraacicular setae including serrated capillaries, furcate setae with short tines (anterior setigers), and geniculate setae (median and posterior setigers); Inferiormost subacicular seta cultriform; antennae and palps absent . genus GymnodarviUea* 22B. Maxillary carriers present; supraacicular setae including capillaries and furcate setae with short tines, occasionally replaced by geniculate seta in one or few anterior parapodia; antennae and palps present (palps may be absent).genus MeiodorvilUa* 23A. All setae compound; maximally 10 setigers, parapodia lacking cirri; prostomium with palps, antennae and eyes absent .genus Ikosipodus * 23B. Supraacicular setae simple, serrated, bidentate; compound falcigers with smooth, distally bidemat© blades; up to 10 setigers, parapodia without cirri; prostomium with digitifbrm antennae and thicker palps of equal length, eyes absent; nuchal organs with 4 ciliated pads . .genus Arenotrocha* Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 July, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 3 NEXT MEETING: Master Species List GUEST SPEAKER: None DATE: August 9,1993 TIME: 9:30am-3:00pm LOCATION: Cabrillo Marine Museum, San Pedro, CA AUGUST 9 MEETING The meeting in August will be the final SCAMTT meeting concerning the master species list of the Southern California benthos and will include continued discussion on the addition of the smaller dischargers. There will also be further discussion on minor additions and corrections. It will be at the Cabrillo Marine Museum, San Pedro, C A. FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. Scamit Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes . July, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 3 MINUTES FROM MEETING ON JULY 19 Ron Velarde announced that SC AMU wrote a letter of support for the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History (LAMNH). The letter was passed among the attending members. Larry Lovell is still looking for other topics (non polychaetes) for this year. If anyone has any ideas or wants to volunteer to lead a meeting please contact Larry at: 1036 Buena Vista Dr. Vista, CA 92083 (619) 945-1608 Larry also mentioned the possibility of a SC AMU booth at the 74 th Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Naturalists in conjunction with the American Society of Zoologists (ASZ). It will be held in December 26-30,1993 at the Hilton and Hyatt Regency in Los Angeles, CA. Tom Parker (Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts) informed attending members about a new publication. It is ''Hermit Crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea" a comprehensive review of all Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean hermit crab species with profusely illustrated taxonomic keys. December 1992, 504 pp, hardback Chapman & Hall Ltd, Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hants, SP10 5BE, ENGLAND, information line: 071 522-9966. The Cabrillo Marine Museum needs help in identifying invertebrates (especially echinoderms) from their collection. If anyone is interested please contact either Suzie Delmonte or Steve Vogel at (310) 548-7563. Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh and Leslie Harris (LAMNH) chaired the meeting on the Subfamily Sabellinae. The Genera emphasized were Demonax , Bispira f Megalomma and PseudopotamiUa. Kirk stated one reference that is helpful: Revision of Demonax Kinberg, Hypsiconus Grube, and Notaulax Tauber, with a review of Megalomma Johansson from Florida (Polychaeta : Sabellidae) by Thomas Perkins, 6 July 1984, Proc Biol Soc Wash, 97(2)84 p285-368. Kirk also mentioned another paper in progress by Thomas Perkins and Phyllis Knight- Jones that will be helpful when it is published. Kirk then started the meeting by describing the differences among the Genera. Bispira and Sabella can be separated from Demonax by examining the abdominal neurosetae. Demonax' $ neurosetae are in a transverse row; whereas Bispira' s and Sabella' s neurosetae are bunched together into a partial spiral or C- or U-shape. Another character that can be used is the presence ( Bispira , Sabella) or absence ( Demonax ) of dark eyespots between the neurosetae and undni. The eyespots are easiest to see on the abdomen though they are also on the thorax. Demonax canbe distinguished from PseudopotamiUa by examining the companion setae. The companion setae of Demonax have dentate heads. Kirk also warned attending members that the character of spiral radioles may not be reliable and it appears to be age related. The first Genus discussed was Demonax .. Material examined prior to the meeting induded 3 taxa locally. D. pallidus (Moore, 1923) is the only Demonax that has unpaired eyespots on the radioles and the collar is high and membranaceous. D.sp. 1 has no eyespots on the radioles and the collar has only a midventral incision and margins are even except higher midventrally. D. sp. 2 differs from D. sp. 1 in that the collar margins are well developed and overlap, but there is a middorsal gap. 2 July, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 3 Bispira was the next Genus reviewed. Bispira is a diverse group in Southern California but not much work has been done. Kirk stated that there could be a systematic difference in the number of eyespots and the region of the crown where the eyespots begin. Leslie showed a unique staining pattern on the collar setiger (or setiger 1) of Bispira . The ventral shield arrangement stains in the shape of a big wide W. Five species were examined and discussed. Included in this newsletter is a brief description of each species. Three species of Megalomma were examined. M . splendida (Moore, 1905) has V-shaped incisions dorsallaterally on the collar. M. cf. splendida dorsallaterally on the collar has a pair of deep, Li- shaped (not V-shaped) incisions. Upon further examination Leslie determined that M. sp. 1 should be referred to M. circumspectum (Moore, 1923). The last Genus discussed was Pseudopotamilla, P. socialis Hartman, 1944 fits Hartman's (1944) description well. P. sp. 1 has compound eyes that begin on dorsalmost radicles, 6-8 per radiole. The more lateral radioles have 2-4 eyes. The next newsletter will have more detailed notes and illustrations from Kirk and Leslie concerning these Genera. FUTURE MEETINGS The Anthurid Isopods meeting originally scheduled for September has been postponed until October 19,1993. There will be a Amphipod workshop on September 27-28,1993 with Dr. Jim Thomas, Elizabeth Harrison-Nelson, and Linda McCann of the Smithsonion Institution Washington, D. C. Jim, Elizabeth and Linda will present and discuss their contribution to the Amphipod section of the forthcoming MMS Atlas. There will also be time to examine and discuss problem specimens. So please start thinking about questionable amphipods. It will be held at the Times Mirror Room at Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA. If anyone is interested in staying overnight there are rooms available at a special rate ($70 single, $75 double) at the University Hilton on Figuero St. Please contact Larry for further information at (619) 945-1608. The October 19 meeting (note it is a Tuesday) will be on Anthurid Isopods with Don Cadien of the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. It will also be held at the Times Mirror Room at Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA. TAXONOMIC UPDATE Tony Phillips (Hyperion) informed members that Monticellina sp. A previously known as Tharyx sp. A (Dorsey) has been identified by Dr. James Blake as Monticellina dorsobranchialis (Kirkegaard, 1959). JOB ANNOUNCEMENT Growing South Bay Bio Marine Company needs a top notch Marine Biologist with outstanding Literature/Research skills. Person will be classifying marine organisms. Must like the academics of Marine Biology and be able to perform other functions as well. Please contact Shellie Stewart at (310) 542-6033. 3 July, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 3 SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 4 SPECIES LIST 1 Current Identification Previous Identification (s) *Demonax medius (Bush, 1904) *Demonax pallidus (Moore, 1923) Demonax ^^‘^^(Moore, 19Z3) Demonax medius fide Lovell Demonax sp* 1 Sabella sp. A from Pt. Loma, Demonax sp. fide Harris Demonax sp. 2 Sabella crassicornis fide Lovell Bispira turned Hartman, 1969 same Bispira sp. 1 Bispira turned fide Lovell Bispira sp. 2 Sabella crassicornis from Pt* Loma Bispira sp* 3 Pseudopotamilla socilais fide Lovell Bispira sp. 4 Sabella sp. A, Pseudopotamilla sp. from Pt. Loma Bispira sp* 5 Pseudopotamilla sp* from Pt. Loma Megalomma pigmentata Reish, 1963 same Megalomma splendida (Moore, 1905) same Megalomma cf. splendida same Megalomma CAtaoPe^ lS23^ same Pseudopotamilla socialis Hartman, 1944 P. sp. fide Lovell ^Pseudopotamilla ocellata Moore, 1905 * Pseudopotamilla intermedia Moore, 1905 Pseudopotamilla sp. 1 cf. Sabella sp* 1 Isabella sp. = specimens not examined* DIAGNOSES OF SPECIES EXAMINED: Bispira sp. 1 Crown only partially spiralled . Paired eye-spots present on most radioles, 2-4 pairs per radiole. Eyes on dorsalmost radioles begin about l A up from base of crown; beginning higher up on more ventral radioles. Pigmentation of radioles begins where palmate membrane begins; radioles with 6-7 long pigmented bands, proximal most band longest, following bands become shorter along length of radiole. Dorsally, collar is widely spaced, with 1 pair of ventro-lateral notches; mid ventral collar lobes higher than ventrolateral collar margins. No pigment on thorax. Bispira sp. 2 Crown not spiralled. Paired eye-spots on radioles begin about Dorsal collar widely spaced, with one pair of ventrolateral notches. On dorsalmost radioles, eyespots on all radioles begin about V* up from base of crown; 4-5 pairs of eyes on each radiole. Radioles with 6 narrow pigment bands, proximal most band without eyespots. Thorax dorsally pigmented. Either side of dorsal midline of peristomium with dark brown pigment in a C- or U-shape. Inner margin of dorsal coller lobes with brown pigment. At bases of parallel lamellae are a pair of very dark brown pigment spots . Collar lobes midventally are the same height as rest of collar. Bispira sp* 3 Crown not spiralled. On dorsal radioles, eyespots begin about A up from base , but originate more proximally on more ventral radioles. Dorsally 3, ventrally 4 pairs of eyes on each radiole. Radiole pigment limited to around paired eyes. Middle Vs of crown with light brown pigment. Dorsal and ventrolateral collar margins at same height. Dorsally collar widely spaced. One pair of ventrolateral notches. No thoracic pigmentation. Broad flanges on radioles more developed distally . Bispira sp. 4 Crown not spiralled. Radiole eyespots begin just below level of palmate membrane , slightly higher on more lateral and ventral radioles. Up to 11-14 eyespots per radiole, most unpaired . Narrow brown pigment bands associated w/ eyespots. Dorsally, coller widely spaced. One pair ventrolateral notches, v-shaped, deep (deeper than in B . sp. 2). Ventrally, collar is a little higher. No thoracic pigmentation. Bispira sp. 5 Crown not spiralled. Radiole eyespots begin well above palmate membrane> all eyes unpaired, located as a medial band on radioles. Radioles with 3-4 pigment, bands associated with each eye, 2-4 times longer than eye; another pigment band within area of palmate membrane present, without eyes. Collar with 1 pair of ventrolateral notches as narrow slits, not V- or U-shaped. Collar higher ventrally. No thoracic pigment. cf Sabella sp. 1 Branchial crown with no pigmentation or radiolar eyes. Short palmate membrane, low to base. Crown slightly in turned ventrally, but not spiralled. Collar widely spaced dorsally. Midventrally, collar is slightly higher and incised. Distal margin of collar appears to be glandular (does not take up stain). Abdominal neurosetal fascicles not in tight spirals, C~shaped. Demonax See Perkins (1984). Unpaired eyespots on radioles. Pigment present on outer margins of radioles. Collar high, widely spaced dorsally, membranaceous . Demonax sp. 1 No eyespots on radioles; 13 narrow pigment bands located along inner margins of radioles. Collar orginates near middorsum, not widely separated. Collar with only midvental incision, margins even except higher midventrally. Five thoracic setigers. Entire thorax abdomen pigmented light to dark brown. Demonax sp. 2 No eyespots on radioles. Similar to D. sp. 1 in coloration & body dimensions, crown has similar pigment pattern. Five thoracic setigers. Collar distinctly higher ventraliy, middorsally the margins are well developed and overlap , but there is a middorsal gap. Megalomma splendida Collar as described and Figured, v-shaped. Two~3 pairs of compound eyes on crown. Megalomma cf. splendida Light pigment bands begin about l 4 up crown, 6 bands on each radiole, all fairly narrow. Five pairs of eyes on dorsal most radioles. Dorsallaterally the collar has a pair of deep, U-shaped (not V-shaped) incisions. Collar distinctly higher ventraliy. No pigmentation on thorax. Megalomma d-| Scares p^tkxn\ Two pairs of compound eyes on 1st and 2nd pair of dorsal raaioles, slightly spiralled, equal in size, short radiolar tip beyond eye. Radiole pigmentation begins just below half-way mark on radiole, 5 bands; proximalmost band broadest, more distal bands successively narrower. Collar originates at dorsal midline, no gap; dorsolaterally incised down to base of collar; middorsal region of collar folded inward at incision. Collar even in height to ventrum, then w / 2 broadly rounded, overlapping lobes. No thoracic pigmentation. Pseudopotamilla socialis Fits Harman’s (1944) description well. First (dorsalmost) pair of radioles and ventral radioles without compound eyes , remainder of radioles with 1-2 unpaired eyes . Branchial base flanges as narrow, even shelves, not incised. Thoracic uncini of last setiger larger and fewer in number , as described by Hartman. Pseudopotamilla sp. 1 Compound eyes begin on dorsalmost radioles , 6-8 per radiole; more lateral radioles with 2-4 eyes; eyes absent on ventral most radioles; eyes on radioles begin near base of crown. Branchial base flanges as narrow, even shelves, not incised. Brown or marone pigment bands on radioles, associated with eyes. Collar with V-shaped dorsolateral incisions. Collar slightly higher ventraliy. Dorsal and ventral gaps of collar very narrow. No thoracic pigmentation. Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 August, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 4 NEXT MEETING: Amphipod Workshop GUEST SPEAKER: Dr. Jim Thomas, Elizabeth Harrison-Nelson, and Linda McCann of the Smithsonion Institution, Washington, D.C. DATE: September 27-28,1993 TIME: 9:30am-5:00pm LOCATION: Times Mirror Room, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA Cerapus tubukris Say from Benthic Marine Amphipoda of Southern California: Families Aoridae, Photidae, Isdiyroceridae, Corophiidae, Podoceridae by J. Laurens Barnard (1962) SEPTEMBER 27-28 MEETING The meeting in September will be an Amphipod workshop with Dr. Jim Thomas, Elizabeth Harrison-Nelson and Linda McCann of the Smithsonion Institution Washington, D.C. Jim, Elizabeth and Linda will present and discuss their contribution to the Amphipod section of the forthcomingMMS Atlas, including discussion on procedures, protocols and computer image scanning techniques. There will also be time to examine and discuss problem specimens. So please start thinking about any taxonomic problems you have with amphipods. Please bring voucher specimens, questionable ids, and other material for confirmation and discussion. FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. Scamit Newsletter i$ not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes. August, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 4 It will be held at the Times Mirror Room at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA. If anyone is interested in staying overnight there are rooms available at a special rate ($70 single, $75 double; $5.5G/day parking) at the University Hilton near the museum on Figuero St Please call (213) 748-4141 for reservations and don't forget to mention you want the museum rate. MINUTES FROM MEETING ON AUGUST 9 Ron Velarde announced that SCAMIT has received one letter of response from the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (L AMNH) but we are still waiting for word from the Director regarding our concerns about staff reductions and possible closing of the museum. Larry Lovell is still looking for other topics (non polychaetes) for this year. If anyone has any ideas or wants to volunteer to lead a meeting please contact Larry at: 1036 Buena Vista Dr. Vista, CA 92083 (619) 945-1608 Tony Phillips (Hyperion) announced that the first volume of the MMS Atlas will be available in September. He also stated that Dr. James Blake will be describing Tony's Monticellina sp. B (Phillips). The SCAMTTChristmas party has been scheduled for Saturday, December 11th at the Cabriilo Marine Aquarium*, San Pedro, CA. *Note: as of September 1, Cabriilo Marine Museum officially changed its name to Cabriilo Marine Aquarium (CMA). The change reflects the organization's focus on the living marine environment. The rest of the meeting was devoted to reviewing several minor discharger's data for inclusion in the Master Species List. FUTURE MEETINGS The October 19 meeting (note: this is a Tuesday) will be on Anthurid Isopods lead by Don Cadien of the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. It will be held from 9:30am-3:00pm at the Times Mirror Room at Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA. The meeting on November 15 (note: third Monday) will be on Sea Pens, Part 3 and Corymorphine Hydroids of southern California. The meeting will be lead by Dr. Gary C. Williams, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA. and John Ljubenkov, MEC Analytical Systems Inc. It willbe held at MEC in their newly expanded and remodeled offices in Carlsbad, CA. Treasurer, Ann Dalkey, is working on a new SC AMIT brochure. If you received a draft version from Ann your comments and comments of other members should be directed to her by the end of December. Ann's phone number is listed at end of this newsletter. 2 August, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 4 SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 September, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 5 NEXT MEETING: Anthurid Isopods GUEST SPEAKER: Don Cadien of Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts DATE: October 19,1993 (note this is a Tuesday) TIME: 9:30am-3:00pm LOCATION: Times Mirror Room, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA Haliophasma geminate Mensies and Barnard, 1959, Male. California, San Diego Co,, Oceanside. 20 February 1957. Coll. R/ V "Velero IV", AHF 486S-57. Courtesy of R. Brusca OCTOBER 19 MEETING The meeting in October will be a workshop on Anthurid Isopods with Don Cadien of the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. Please bring any specimens you wish to have examined. It will be held at the Times Mirror Room at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACMNH), Los Angeles, CA. FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. Scamit Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes . September, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 5 MINUTES FROM MEETING ON SEPTEMBER 27-28 Ron Velarde announced that the master species list of benthic infauna of the Southern California shelf has been completed. Drs. Jodi Martin (LACMNH) and Debbie Zmarzly (SCRIPPS) have described a new crab, Pinnixia scamit (in prep), which will be published in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Jodi also stated that the museum will be closed on Mondays and Tuesdays (except first Tues. of each month). None of the invertebrate curators were touched by the cutbacks. Treasurer, Ann Dalkey, is working on a new SC AMTTbrochure. If you received a draft version from Ann, your comments and comments of other members should be directed to her by the end of December. Ann's phone number is listed at the end of this newsletter. The SCAMIT Christmas party has been scheduled for December 11th at the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium, San Pedro, CA. Included in this newsletter is a flier from Dr. E. L. Bousefield that advertises a newly instituted journal of invertebrate systematics, "AMPHIPACIFICA". Also included in this newsletter is a list of Research Seminars for Fall 1993 at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA. Dr. Jim Thomas (Smithsonian Institution) chaired the workshop on amphipods. He started the meeting by informing attending members that the Smithsonian is still downsizing it's staff and is under a financial crunch. Jim said that he would keep the amphipod newsletter, the mailing list and inventory up to date. He also expressed an interest in having SCAMIT involved in workshops on various invertebrates from the West and East coast, and announced that the National Biological Survey (NBS) bill will be signed on October 1st. NBS is a new bureau whose main focus will be on generating an inventory of every animal and plant spedes in the United States, including their habitats. The rest of the first day was spent examining specimens. The first amphipod discussed was Corophium n. sp. from Los Angeles (LA) Harbor. This species has a cleft telson and a long spine off of article 2 of gnathopod 2 (both sexes). Another specimen examined was Corophium heteroceratum from LA Harbor. This is a Chinese species that has invaded the West Coast and has been found inSan Francisco Bay by John Chapman of Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, Oregon. The next amphipod discussed was another probable introduced species, Synchelidium n. sp., from LA Harbor. An additional specimen studied was a yet undescribed Fleustidae. This species has hollow suction-cups on its dactyls and is a commensal on Paralithodes calijbmiensis and P. rathbuni (to date). A tricuspidate form of Rhepoxynius bicuspidatus was then examined along with R. sp. A which was determined to be a sibling species of R. bicuspidatus. The last amphipod discussed was a new species of Paradexamine. 2 September, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 5 FUTURE MEETINGS The meeting on November 15 (note: third Monday) will be on Sea Pens, Part 3 and Corymorphine Hydroids of southern California. The meeting will be lead by Dr. Gary C. Williams, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA. and John Ljubenkov, MEC Analytical Systems Inc. It will be held at MEC in their newly expanded and remodeled offices in Carlsbad, CA The December 13 meeting will be a show and tell with specimens that are weird, strange, or rare from the recently generated species list. The site and group of animals to focus on will be determined at the October meeting. SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 3 10/05/93 U9;10 U819 692 4954 m 9vjfovj RESEARCH SEMINARS NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM in History and Earth and Life Sciences of LOS Angeles County «r PLEASE POST/CIRCULATE » poo Expontm Bouiet/ar} FALL 1993 SCHEDULE LosAngeles ‘ California 90007 TIMES MIRROR CONFERENCE ROOM Seminar 3:00 - Coffee/Refreshments 2:45 7 October* Mark R. Jennings - National Biological Survey, San Simeon FROGS: DECLINING POPULATIONS AND EXTINCTIONS 14 October Karen Wise ■ Anthropology Section, LA CM TBA 21 October Kirk Fitzhugh - /a vertebrates Section , LACM EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AMONG FAN WORM POLYCHAETES 28 October Mark Raab - California State University, North ridge PREHISTORIC COASTAL HUMAN ECOLOGY OF THE CHANNEL ISLANDS 4 November Don Reynolds - Molecular Systematics Laboratory, LACM ASEXUAL EVOLUTION AMONG THE FUNGI 18 November Howard Lipschitz - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena HEADS OR TAILS: HOW GENES CONTROL EARLY DEVELOPMENT LN DROSOPHILA 2 December Kevin Pope - Geo Eco Arc Research, La Canada THE BIOSPHERIC EFFECTS OF THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY CHICXULUB ASTEROID IMPACT 9 December Bill Me Comas - University of Southern California, Los Angeles THEMATIC APPROACHES TO BIOLOGICAL ISSUES IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 16 December Anne Cohen - Research Associate, invertebrates Section , LACM CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF OSTRACODES: ANCIENT ORDERS TO RECENT BIOLUMINESCENT SIGNALING GENERA ^Seminar at 3:30 - ALL INTERESTED PERSONS ARE INVITED TO ATTEND - Saminar suggest! one/quest to ns should be directed to Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh* invertebrates Section (213-744*3233) Cjtorgt C Page Museum, Hancock Park, 5801 Wi/shire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90056, (21$) 8$ 7-65if \Y/;fK*rr- <: TJsrrt M itwum Hart P/irb S &?j Fernand 1 Road. Neu/ball. California 0 Till, (So 1 )) 254~4 5$^ 6196314331 PGSTHL HNNtX HI 31 3*40 3t:r d.^ 1 ^3 ±i . j>d y CA*' ■>/vc - ^ September 8, 1993. ^ .jStAjfjJ- 'A&S.'s y<*^ G’a^-q . e T2--‘fqo] Ccnpany Locaiion F«# *7 !«.,«».<, y x Yo T,m */a..- ^ Original Disposition £3 f '"‘7^5 f D«pt. Change T ~'^y-r/^a ( r Q R* W m Qcalllorpidtup &~-e. rw C*>^**i * -gydP nw-C'-fT^ f/h^o^ /tW CT*~~ INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Manuscript submission. Manuscripts submitted for publication should represent original contributions that have not been published elsewhere. Under special ^circumstances, some reviews, advertisements, and "pertinent short articles may be considered for publica¬ tion, The text should be written in English or French, with Abstract in the other language. Abstracts should be suitable for separate publication in an abstract journal. Manuscripts must be submitted primarily on 3 1 fZ Inch high density diskettes, utilizing either ISM- or MAC-compatibie computerized publishing systems (e.g., Aldus PageMaker, Quark Express), preferably in 2- column form. Diskettes must be accompanied by one 8. S X11 -inch (22 X 29 cm) hard copy (printed manuscript), with 1-in, text margins. Papers must have previously been refereed and text-edited. Authors must submit the name, address, and telephone number of the referee. Acceptance of the pa¬ per is also contingent on prior payment of printing charges of SI 5 per page (CAN ADIAN FUNDS). Applications for page subsidies, from authors lacking supporting institutions or research grants, will be considered. Diskettes must be submitted in publishable form since virtually no editorial (mechanical) services will be performed on them here or by the Printing House, and no page proof will be sent. Authors (combined) will receive 100 free reprints per published paper. Mailings of this journal are expected to reach a minimum of 200 libraries c cal laboratories, and other research institutions, in addition to individuals. Text. The publication style of most standard interna¬ tional taxonomic journals will be acceptable, with the following provisos. Genus and species names must be in italics, and Boldface italics when utilized as headings. Titles of sections and subsections must be in Boldface Roman The text, tables, and figures combined (with rare exceptions) must not total less than SO, and not more than about 100, printed pages. Prime recommended type font is “Geneva* 9-point, as in this flier, but other recommended fonts are "“New York”, “Helvetica", and 'Courier'. Figures and Tables. All figures and tables must be dearly numbered and referred to in the text. Line drawings and half-tone illustrations must meet accept¬ able standards of clarity and quality; the former should be accompanied by PMT's of publishable size (max. width of 16.5 cm or€.5 inches), and the latter by glossy prints and/or negatives. Taxonomic papers lacking ill¬ ustrations will not be accepted. References. Works should be quoted and listed in a form utilized by standard (refereed) international taxo¬ nomic journals. Standard abbreviations for the jour¬ nals' names should be used. Please enter my subscription to AMPHIPACIFiCA: Name: . (~$40. U,S. FUNDS) . 0 Cheque (Money Order) enclosed Date . 0 Please Invoice me Please address ait correspondence to: Dr. E. L. Bousfield, Managing Editor, AMPHIPACIF1CA, Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belle¬ ville St., Victoria, B. C., CANADA. V8V 1X4 Phone: (604) 380-3787. FAX (604) 356-8197, * s< Hj, Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 October, 1993 VoL 12, No. 6 NEXT MEETING: Corymorphine Hydroids GUEST SPEAKER: John Liubenkov, MEC Analytical Systems Inc., Carlsbad, CA DATE: November 15,1993 (note third Monday) TIME: 9:30am-3:00pm LOCATION: MEC Analytical Systems Inc., Carlsbad, CA (map is included) NOVEMBER 15 MEETING The meeting in November will be on Corymorphine Hydroids of southern California. In addition, some of the unique cnidarians generated from the master species list will be reviewed. Please bring any cnidarians you need to have identified or confirmed. The workshop will be leadby JohnLjubenkovof MEC Analytical Systems Inc. It will be held at MEC Analytical Systems Inc., Carlsbad, CA. Amphitrite ornata from Invert. Zoology (Sec. Ed.) by Paul A. Meglitsch FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. Scamit Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes . October, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 6 MINUTES FROM MEETING ON FUTURE MEETINGS OCTOBER 19 The SC AMIT Christmas party has been scheduled for December 11th at the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium, San Pedro, C A. If anyone is interested in organizing the party and coming up with a theme please do not hesitate to do so. The City of San Diego is pleased to announce four new employees. They are Laura Essex, Ami Groce, Megan Lilly, and Rick Rowe. The December 13 meeting will be a show and tell with polychaete specimens that are weird, strange, or rare from the recently generated species list. There will also be some discussion on what SC AMIT s responsibility will be for the species list, how we can use it and whether we can distribute it. Tentatively the meeting will be held at Kirk Fitzhugh’s polychaete lab at the Los Angeles Natural History Museum. Don Cadien (Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts) informed attending members about new literature; the Amphipod Newsletter 19 and Amphipods, a noble obession: Essays in memory of J, Laurens Barnard (1928-1991), Journal of Natural History 27(4): 723-988. Included in this newsletter is a list of publications available from De LTnstitutOceanographique in Paris, France. Also included is a call for abstracts for the 1994 Water Environment Federation 67th Annual Conference and Exposition in Chicago, HI. Don Cadien chaired the workshop on Anthurid Isopods. Included in this newsletter is a handout prepared by Don and Richard C. Brusca. If anyone has any comments please send them to Don at LA County Sanitation Districts, Marine Biology Lab v 24501 S. Figueroa St., Carson, Ca 90745, (310) 775-2351 ext. 403. He will be modifying the key for future reference. 2 October, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 6 SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 3 tp p K * EL < rjo C£A\ r ?■ J!AP TO KA^ I’*E ECOLOGICAL COr.'SILTA-TTS (!IEC) ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA) OF CALIFORNIA AND THE TEMPERATE NORTHEAST PACIFIC Don Cadien and Richard C. Brusca (presented at the October 19, 1993 meeting of SCAM IT) I. Introduction Literature on the anthuridean isopod fauna of California and the northeast Pacific has not recently been synthesized. Since the most recent comprehensive report (Schultz 1977) family and generic level reviews have altered the nomenclature of several species. Environmental survey and monitoring programs have generated many new geographic and bathymetric distributional records for eastern Pacific anthurideans, most as yet unpublished, and have collected several undescribed species. The current review was undertaken to update and standardize anthuridean taxonomy in California, and to disseminate information derived from a variety of unpublished sources. II. Definition of the Group Isopods of the suborder Anthuridea are most easily recognized by their slender elongate bodies (usually 7 or more limes longer than wide), lateral uropods that curve up and over the pleotelson, and presence of (usually) one or two pleotelsonic statocysts (Fig. 1.1). Unlike most isopods, anthurideans are not .much flattened dorso-vent rally and are circular or oval in cross-sect ion. According to Brusca and Wilson (1991), the specific defining synapomorphies of the Anthuridea are: mandible without distinct lacinia mobilis or spine row, instead with a lamina dcntata (which may be secondarily lost in some species); maxillae reduced, minute, fused to paragnath (or lost entirety); coxae of maxillipeds fused to head; maxillipedal endite without coupling spines; and uropodal exopod folded dorsally over pleotelson. Brusca and Wilson (1991) placed this suborder within the "flabelliferan complex* (the Flabellifera sensu lato). The suborder contains four families, all now known to occur in the temperate northeast Pacific. Most species achieve a moderate size (8-I5mm length), but a few are much smaller (4mm) or larger (45mm). Most anthurideans are marine, but some genera have marine, brackish, and freshwater members (e.g, Cyathura ), some are exclusively freshwater (e.g. Cruregcns ), some are primarily stygofaunal (e,g. Stygocyathura), and some are primarily anchialine or interstitial (e.g. Curassanthura). About 200 species have been described, but this is almost certainly only a small percentage (probably less than half) of the world fauna. III. Aspects of Anthuridean Biology Reproduction - Mature male and female anthurideans are easily separated by secondary sexual characters, particularly the enlarged, multiarticulate, aesthetasc-fringed flagellum of the male first antenna (Fig. 2). In some cases males and females differ so greatly in gross morphology that they were initially described as separate species, The apparent separation of sexes can, however, be misleading, as protogynous sequential hermaphroditism occurs in many species. In others, as in some lanaids (Buckle-Ramirez 1965), there is also male polymorphy, with some animals always male and some males developing secondarily from post-brood females (Leg rand & Juchalt 1963, Burbanck &, Burbanck 1974, 1979). 1 Sex ratio in collections of anthurids is often skewed strongly towards females and juveniles, with few adult males (Kensley & Scholte 1989), although in Apanthura the reverse may be true* Examining a collection of several hundred Apanthura from tropical Australia, Poore and Lew Ton (1988b) noted no oostegite bearing females, and they suggested reproduction in this genus might deviate from the normal anthuridean pattern- Seasonal fluctuations of sex ratio in some species appear related to protogynous hermaphroditism (Burbanck & Burbanck 1979). As in other isopods, the gonopores are located ventral ly oq the stemite of the fifth pereonite of the female and the seventh pereonite of the male. The inner ramus (endopod) of the male second pleopod also bears an appendix masculina as in other iso pods. These structures assist in sperm transfer between the penile papillae of the male and the gonopore of the female. Their structure can be useful in anthuridean taxonomy, but details are unknown for most species, and may vary within a species due to male polymorphy. Fertilization may occur in the ovary as in sphaeromatifls (Shuster 1991} or may take place in the oviduct, before the eggs pass out through the gonopore and into the marsupium following molting (while the exoskeleton is still elastic). Eggs in the marsupium are already fertilized (at least in Cyathura ) since they are encased in a vitelline coat lacking a micropyle for admission of sperm (Stromberg 1972). The marsupium is formed by paired oostegites on per eon it es 2 or 3 through 5. Once in the marsupium the young undergo epimorphic development, eventually leaving as mancas. Mancas exit with only six pairs of pereopods and thus can be differentiated from post-manca juveniles with seven pairs- The genera Cruregcns and Cofanthura are neotenous, and have the formation of the seventh pereopod suppressed even in the adult. Growth - No information is available on growth rates or molting frequencies for any eastern Pacific anthurideans. In the Atlantic species Cyathura carinata growth' rate is dependent on temperature and food availability, and growth ceases during reproduction (Bamber 1985). Rate of growth declines with age in Cyathura carinata (Bamber 1985), but information is lacking on eastern Pacific species. Feeding - There are two types of mouth parts in anthurids; those modified for piercing and sucking (Fig. 1.2), and those adapted for biting and chewing (Fig. 1.3). Che wing/biting mouth parts are used to feed either on detritus (Schultz 1977) or on living prey (Wagele 1981). Burbanck & Burbanck (1979) reported that while normally feeding on detritus, Cyathura polita may also consume both live and dead polychaetes, oligochaetes, amphipods, shrimp, and fish when the opportunity arises. Piercing mouth parts occur only in the family Parenthuridae, and are associated largely with species living among and feeding upon algae (Schultz 1977). Feeding ecology of eastern Pacific species has not been studied. Habitats - Anthurideans are important and often abundant components of the offshore soft-sediment marine environment. Most live in sediment burrows or tubes, or within algal mats, habjXsm agreement with their narrow and elongate bodies. They may excavate burrows themselves (Fig. 3.1), of 1 ' move into tubes or burrows abandoned by other organisms (e.g. Cyathura polita - Burbanck & Burbanck 1979). Anthurideans from hard substrates may live in crevices or fissures, in holes formed by other species, or in the attached tubes of other organisms (Wagele 1981). They are often found associated with littoral and sublittoral algae. Eisothistos sp. A lives among the incomplete septae at the eroded bases of the colonial coral Cocnocyathus bowersi. A few other local species live outside of burrows or other shelter, finding adequate concealment among the tangled thalli of filamentous algae (e.g. Paranthura elegans) t or among the rhizomes of seagrasses. 2 Family Hyssuridae Hyssuridae gen. A, sp. A [MBC, 1984] Formerly reported as Apanthura sp. A; see comments below. Family Anthuridae Amakusanthura califomiensis (Schultz* 1964)** Formerly placed in Apanthura and Apanthuretta; see comments below. Calathura branchiate (Stimpson, 1855) Formerly placed in Anthura; see comments below. Cyaihura carinata (Kroyer, 1849). Originally placed in Anthura; see comments below. Cyathura munda Menzies, 1951* Eisothistos sp, A [MBC, 1984]. Formerly reported as Hcteranthura sp. A; see comments below. Eisothistos sp. B [Cadien, 1990] HaUophasma geminatum Menzies & Barnard, 1959** Formerly placed in SUophasma; see comments below, Mesanthura Occident alts Menzies & Barnard, 1959** IV. Comments on Individual Species (listed alphabetically) Amakusanthura califomiensis (Fig. 4), The brief original description (Schultz 1964) was based on a lot of twelve females from "several to 11 mm long," taken from black mud at a depth of 80m off Santa Monica, California. Schultz (1977) was aware of no additional records of the species, and we are aware of no other published records since the original description. However, this species has been collected in several environmental monitoring programs from southern California. It also occurred in samples from west Mexico taken during Allan Hancock Foundation cruises, ranging as far south as Isla Guadalupe (pers, ob$v.,LACMNH collections). The species was transferred from Apanthura Stebbing, to Apanthuretta Wagele by Poore & Lew Ton (1985), and subsequently to Amakusanthura Nunomura when Apanthuretta itself was synonymized (Poore & Lew Ton 1988b). The holotype of A, califomiensis has been reexamined and inaccuracies and omissions in the original description are being corrected (Wetzer & Brusca, in press). Most importantly, pleonites 1-5 are dorsally fused along the midline, and the maxillipedal endite is broad and lobelike. Ananthura luna (Fig. 5). Bathura Schultz was originally differentiated from Ananthura Barnard by a low tooth on the palm of the first pereopod, by the characteristic broadly-radiating setal clusters at the distal tips of the uropodal rami and pleotelson, and by the lack of serrations on the outer margins of the uropodal endopods (Schultz 1966). Kensley (1978) deemed these characters insufficient to support separate generic status and synonymized both Bathura and Ananthura with Anthelura Norman and Stebbing. These genera were later reexamined by Poore and Lew Ton (1988d), who separated Ananthura and Anthelura on the basis of their statocysts. Bathura t which was described with two statocysts, was reevaluated as having one central statocyst with a slitlike dorsal pore, as in Ananthura . Although this feature was not interpreted as a statocyst by Schultz, it was clearly indicated in his illustration of the holotype. Ananthura tuna is a large species (to 21mm length; Schultz 1977) that is infrequently encountered in relatively deep water (783-1298m) off the southern California borderland between the Coronado and Santa Monica Submarine Canyons. It may also occur in shallower water around canyon heads, based on a sample from Santa Monica Bay (taken in 78m) in the LACMNH collection. Calathura branchiata (Fig. 6) was originally described from New Brunswick (eastern Canada) by Stimpson (as Anthura branchiata ), and has since become the senior synonym for two of G.O. Sare’ northeast Atlantic species (Paranihura nonvcgica Sars and Paranthura arcttea Sars). Guijanova*s (1936) record of C. branchiata from north Pacific, from the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, and Coyle and 4 Predators - Many fishes arc; known to teed on the west Atlantic estuarine species Cyathura polita , as do blue crabs (Burbanck and Burbanck 1979). Predation by crabs* and other invertebrates is likely for eastern Pacific species, but has not been documented. In an evaluation of trophic relationships between fishes and benthic invertebrates at Catalina Island, Hobson & Chess (Ms.) found 11 fishes feeding on anthuridean isopods. Forty-one anthurids were found in the guts of 28 fish. Most of the isopods were consumed by three species; black surfperch Embiotoca jacksoni (6 guts, 10 isopods), blackeye goby Coryphopterus nicholsi (5 guts, 8 isopods), and California sheephead Pimclometopon pulchrum (5 guts, 10 isopods). Species taking anthurideans at lower frequencies were rock wrasse Halichoeres semicinctus, senorita Oxyjuhs californicus , kelp surfperch Brachyistms frenatus , island kelpfish Alloclinus holderi, garibaldi Hypsypops rubicund us * halfmoon Medio inn a californica, kelp bass Parolabrax c la thrarus t and blue-banded goby Lythrypnus dalli. Anthurideans are slow compared to many other peracarids, and they swim only clumsily. Outside their refuges their movements are awkward, and they are probably easy prey to predatory nemerteans* annelids, and other arthropods. Despite the lack of special protective or offensive structures, some anthurideans respond aggressively to attack. If seized from behind, Paranthura elegans will twist around and strike at it's attacker (pers, obsv.). Perhaps this aggressive response is sufficient to deter some would-be predators. The relatively indurated pleotelsonic region of many anthurideans apparently serves as an operculum to block access to certain tube or burrow-dwelling species. Observations on living Eisothistos (Wagele 1981) indicated that they adopt a head down position in serpulid worm tubes while feeding on the original occupant. This leaves the ornamented pleotelson and uropods in the position of the worm’s operculum (Fig. 3.2). Foraminiferans and sponges observed attached to the tail-fan of Eisothistos sp B suggest they may move little once established in a tube, thus minimizing exposure to predators. IV. Anthuridea of the West Coast of North America (North of Mexico) Apart from Edanthura linearis Boone, 1923, the first anthurideans known from the northeastern temperate Pacific were those described by Menzies (1951). The temperate fauna of the northeast Pacific currently contains at least 15 recognizable species. Three are undescribed species and 12 are nominate species, of which one is a nomcn nudum (Paranthura linearis), one may be a misidentification or incorrect locality record {Paranthura algicola )* and one is clearly a questionable record ( Cyathura carinata ). Holotypes (**) or paratypes (*) of most of these species are in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACMNH)(Wetzer et al. 1991), as noted below. North of California* anthuridean isopods are both less common and less diverse. No members of this suborder were reported by Richardson (1905) for the northeast Pacific, by Hatch (1947) from Washington* or by George Sl Stromberg (1968) from Puget Sound. In a detailed environmental analysis of benthic communities in Puget Sound, Lie (1968) reported Haliophasma geminatum , and three other species have since been reported from the northeast Pacific: Cyathura carinata , Calathura branchiata^ and Eisothistos sp B . Family Antheluridae Ananthura luna (Schultz* 1966)** Formerly placed in Bathura; see comments below. Family Paranthuridae Caiifanthura squamosissima (Menzies, 1951)* Formerly placed in Coianthura; see comments below. Coianthura bruscai Poore, 1984* Paranthura algicola Nunomura, 1978 Questionable species; see comments below. Paranthura elegans Menzies, 1951* Paranthura linearis nomen nudum. Formerly placed in Edanthura ; see comments below. 3 Muller's (1981) record from the Cull'of Alaska, establish this species as circum-north Pacific in distribution. It has not been reported south of Alaska, and it's reported depth range is 20-1500m Calijanlkura squamosixsima (Fjg. 7). Schultz (1977) sunk Colanthura Richardson, on the basis of a supposed synonymy of Colanthura tenuis Richardson (the type species) and Paranthura infundibula!a Richardson, and he erected Califanfhura as a replacement genus for Colanthura squamosissima . Poore (1980), however, resurrected Colanthura ^ declaring both it and C tenuis to be valid taxa. Poore’s conclusion was based, in part, on a reexamination of the types of C tenuis and P. infundtbulata by Kensley, who also did not substantiate their synonymy (in Poore 1980), Although Poore's (1980) move sunk Schultz' Califanfhura into Colanthura , he later (Poore 1984) reestablished it as a valid genus, which now contains six species worldwide. C. squamosissima is a small species, reaching only about 5.2mm in length. It occurs in shallow water (18-90m) from Dillon Beach, California (Schultz 1977) to Magdalena Bay, west Baja California (Nunomura 1978), and has also been collected intertidally at Morro Bay and La Jolla. Colanthura bruscai (Fig. 8) is similar to C squamosissima in general appearance and size. However, it is predominantly Panamic in distribution, with it's northernmost occurrence at San Clemente, California (Poore 1984), and from there ranging south to at least Costa Rica. It occurs intertidal ly at most locations, although some northern records are subtidal to a maximum depth of 27m. The maximum reported length is 5.4mm (Poore 1984). Cyaihura carinata is a northern European species. Bernard’s (1978:576) record from the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada), if accurate, may reflect a relict north Pacific population from a former circumboreal distribution. However, because there are no other reports of this well-known Atlantic species from the Pacific Ocean, this unpublished Pacific record needs confirmation. The record in Austin (1985) presumably is derived from Bernard's report. This species was originally placed in Anthura ; and transferred to Cyaihura by Norman and Stebbing (1886). It is not included in our key, Cyathura mttndu (Fig. 9) is a moderate size (to 9 mm), narrow (length more than 9 times width) species, usually associated with brown algal holdfasts on hard substrates. The type material from northern California was all taken from the holdfasts ot Egregia and Laminaria. All the subtidal records ofMenzies & Barnard (1959) are from stations where the samples were noted to contain either kelp or rocks (Allan Hancock Foundation, 1965). LACMNH material of this species usually indicates collection from kelp or from surfgrass (Phyllospadix). This species has heen taken from the intertidal zone (Menzies 1951) to 58m (Menzies and Barnard 1959), from Tomales Point to the Mexican border, and in the Gulf of California. More recent collections in the Santa Maria Basin extend the depth range down to 132m on rocks. Brusca and Iverson (1985) described a very similar species from intertidal habitats on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica (C, guaroensis ). Eisothistos sp. A. A single juvenile specimen (1.4mm) of this species was taken off Tajiguas, Santa Barbara Co., California at 77m depth, in the washings of rocks retrieved during a submersible dive in 1984. It was initially called by the unpublished name Hetcranihura sp. A. However, Wagele (1981) synonymized Heteranthura Kensley and Eisothistos Has well, hence the generic reassignment. This specimen, while clearly not belonging to any other eastern Pacific anthuridean species, is not sufficiently adult to compare with other species of Eisothistos , of which there are over a dozen worldwide. Additional specimens were later taken by Hans Kuck (LACMNH) in 1989, in association with colonies of the coral Coenocyathus bowersi collected at 5-8m depth off the eastern shore of Catalina Island. These specimens were larger (2-2.5mm), but still not fully adult. In gross morphology this species is similar to Eisothistos antarcticus as described by Wagele (1984b), with serrate uropodal and pleotelsonic margins, and a single row of spines down the middle of the pleotelson. The range of this undescribed California species, as currently known, is 5-77m, Tajiguas to Catalina Island. The genus Eisothistos was recently transferred from Hyssuridae to Anthuridae by Poore Lew Ton (l9SSc). 5 Eisoihistos sp. B was encountered in environmental monitoring samples from Alaska related to the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Although the exact locations of the sampling sites were unavailable because of litigation, the animals were collected between the intertidal zone and 10m depth somewhere in Prince William Sound. Numerous specimens were taken from the tubes of serpulid polychaetes, a common habitat for members of this genus. This species resembles both Eisothistos sp. A and Eisothistos minutus (Sivertsen and Holthuis, 1980) of the tropical east Atlantic. Post-brood adult females, which undergo elongation of pereonites 2-6 (Fig. 10) as described for other species (Wagele 1981), may reach 5mm in length. This species has not been recorded from California waters. Haliophosma geminalum (Fig. II). Schultz (1977) erected a new genus {SUophasma} for this species, which the revision of Poore (1975) had placed beyond the bounds of a redefined Haliophosma Haswell. Subsequently, the definition of Haliophasma was expanded such that SUophasma was no longer needed, and it fell into synonymy with Haliophasma (see Negoescu and Wagele 1984 and Poore and Lew Ton 1988a), Poore (1975) changed the spelling of the trivial name from "geminata" to "geminatum* to match the gender of the generic name. Schultz (1977) gave 7mm as maximum size for Haliophosma geminatum t but we have seen specimens from California as large as 12mm in length. This species ranges from Monterey, California (Iverson 1974) to San Quintin Bay, Baja California, Mexico (Menzies 1962) over a broad depth range (9-512m). Lie (1968) also recorded it from Puget Sound. Hyssuridae gem Asp. A (Fig. 12). Collections made in the western Santa Barbara Channel and in the Santa Maria basin in central California encountered scattered specimens of this small species (5~6mm length). This may be the same as the "Anthurid n. sp. & n. gen." reported but not well described by Menzies (1962) from off San Quintin Bay, Baja California. In his discussion, Menzies indicated a close affinity to Kupellonura for his specimens, but felt they might constitute a new genus. The present material matches the characters Menzies noted; indurated pleotelson with a ventral keel, separation of all pleonal segments, antennal flagellum article counts, and details of the uropods. Menzies did not illustrate his material, and nothing in his brief discussion is unique enough to definitely establish identity between his material and our own. Redefinition of the genera of the Hyssuridae by Poore and Lew Ton (1988c) places the current material close to both Kupellonura Barnard and Hyssura Norman and Stebbing. One might be inclined to assign it to Kupellonura because of the presence of lobes on the lateral margins of the uropodal exopods, a unique synapomorphy for this genus (Poore and Lew Ton 1988c). It also possess a triangular carpus on pereopods IV-VII, whereas the carpus of Hyssura species is rectangular in shape. However, the mouth parts are more characteristic of Hyssura in that the mandibular molar process is acute (not blunt, as is characteristic of Kupellonura ), and the maxiliipedal endite is short, reaching only the second palp article (rather than the third article, as is typical of Kupellonura). One of the specimens of this species we examined had a 4-articulate flagellum on the left antenna and an S-articulate flagellum on the right. Other than our own observations and Menzies* possible record, this species has not been reported from the northeast Pacific. Our material came from .a sample taken off the southeast end of San Miguel Island, and from seven MMS sampling stations between Oso Flaco and the north side of Anacapa Island, from 47 to- 166m. Mesanthura occidental^ (Fig. 13). The original description of this species distinguishes it solely on the basis of the dorsal pigmentation pattern. Illustrations of the pleotelson apex, the maxilliped, the antennae, and the last three articles of the first pereopod were provided, but not discussed. This was amplified by description of a paratype, with a more complete illustration of it’s antennae, mouth parts, and appendages by Wagele (1984a). Although taken subtidally by grab, the 7mm holotype female came from a sample containing kelp fragments and red algae. Menzies and Barnard (1959) recorded this species from two localities (Point Conception and Point Fermin, California), both containing either kelp or rock, and both from shallow water (12-20m). An additional lot was reported by Schultz (1964) from off Palos Verdes, also in shallow water (20m). Schultz (1977) later gave this species’ range as "Point Conception to San Quintin Bay, Baja California" and "from shallow water to 55m deep," perhaps a transcription error of 6 earlier literature. The records of Menzies and Barnard (1959) suggest that this is a shallow-water species, probably associated with either macroalgal holdfasts, or with algal mats or turf, Brusca (1980) reported a similar appearing congener {Mesanihura sp.) from intertidal algal mats in the Gulf of California that may, in time, prove to be a variant of M. occidentalis. Mesanihura nubifera Wagele, 1984, also from intertidal habitats in the Gulf of California, does not match the pigmentation of Brusca's (1980) species. Paranthura atgicata (Fig. 14) was described by Nunomura (1978) on the basis of two female specimens (5.5mm and 10mm in length) sent to him by Waldo Schmitt in the I970's. The locality was given as simply a "rocky beach in California, washed from algae, 24 November 1916." Judging by Nunomura's illustrations, his animals may have been Paranthura elegans showing the effects of long-time preservation. Nunomura stated that P . algicofa differed from P. elegans in having: "eyes with scattered ocelli" [sic] t pleonites medially fused, and by the "shape of the posterior border of the sixth pleonal somite." In fact, the eyes of P. elegans are large with many ommatidia and could easily appear as figured and described by Nunomura after many years of preservation; the pleonites are free in P. elegans but the articulations are very faint and can easily be mistaken as being fused; and, we see no significant differences between these two species in the posterior margin of the sixth pleonite (aside from what could be attributed to poor renditions by both Nunomura and Menzies). Nunomura’s description and figures are difficult to interpret, but the type material was reported as being at the USNM and should be reexamined to establish the correct disposition of this species. We did not include this species in the key that follows. Nunomura (1978) also described another species of Paranthura, which he gave the unfortunate name of P. californiae* from Magdalena Bay (Baja California, Mexico) that closely resembles P. elegans. Paranthura elegans (Fig. 15) ranges from Dillon Beach at least to San Quintin Bay (west coast of Baja California, Mexico), from the intertidal zone to a depth of 55m (Schultz 1977), and also throughout the Gulf of California (Brusca 1980). It frequents algal mats and clumps, mud bottoms, encrusted pier pilings, and rocky low intertidal habitats. Adults reach about 9.5mm in length in California waters, but are larger in the warmer waters of the Gulf of California (8-15mm). Differences is adult size along a latitudinal gradient are not uncommon, and have heen reported for idoteid isopods in the eastern Pacific (Brusca and Wallerstein 1979, Wallerstein and Brusca 1982), and for Cyathura poll!a on the east coast of America (Burbanck and Burbanck 1979). Paranthura linearis has remained enigmatic since its description (as Edanthura linearis ). Boone (1923) reported this animal from Laguna Beach, California. She described it's mouth parts only as "well developed, unique"; perhaps accurate but certainly imprecise. Menzies (1951) considered Edanthura Boone a synonym of Paranthura Bate and Westwood, and also recommended £. linearis be reduced to nomen nudum status. Poore (1984) and Negoescu & Wagele (1984) apparently agreed with these assignments. The type has not been found at the USNM (where Boone indicated it had been deposited), and its whereabouts remains unknown. This species is not included in the key that follows. V. Key to the Species of Anthuridea Known from the Northeast Pacific (North of Mexico) 1. Mouth parts adapted for piercing and sucking, together forming an anteriorly directed cone-like structure under the head; maxillipedal palps long, thin, and tapering; mandibular incisor smooth, styliform, not toothed; mandihle without molar process or lamina dentata; 0 or 1 statocyst in pleotelson; first pleopods enlarged and operculate to others.2 - Mouth parts adapted for biting and chewing, not forming a conelike structure; maxillipedal palps broad; mandibular incisor often toothed; mandible usually with molar process and lamina dentata; 0, l,or 2 pleotelsonic statocysts; first pleopods may or may not be operculate to others .4 7 2. Pereonite 7 at least 50% as long as 6; seventh pereopods present . Paranthura elegans - Pereonite 7 less than 20% as long as 6; seventh pereopods absent . 3 3. Pereonite 1 twice as long as 2; pleonites free, not fused . Colanthura bruscai - Pereonites 1 and 2 subequal; pleonites fused dorsally. Califanthura squamosissima 4. With no statocysts in pteotelson; first pleopods not enlarged and operculate to others; body extremely elongate, about 15 times longer than wide (Hyssuridae) . Hyssuridae gen. A, sp. A - With 0, 1 or 2 statocysts in pleotelson; first pleopods always enlarged and operculate to pleopods 2-5; body length 6-10 times width... 5 5. With 1 pleotelsonic statocyst; maxillipedal endite and palp very wide; pleonites 1-5 entirely free never fused dorsally (Antheluridae); the only known California anthelurid is blind and its uropodal tips bear radiating setal clusters . Ananthura luna - With 0, 1 or 2 pleotelsonic statocysts; maxillipedal endite and palp normal, not especially broad; pleonites 1-5 free or dorsally fused (Anthuridae) .6 6. Pleotelson with a dorsal median spine row.7 - Pleotelson smooth or ridged, but without dorsal spines .8 7. Uropodal endopod with distolateral margin more or less evenly serrate . Eisothistos sp. A - Uropodal endopod with distolateral margin divided into two cusps by three prominent denticles, evenly serrate between these points. Eisothistos sp. B 8. Pleonites 1-5 completely free and separate in both dorsal and lateral view . . Calathura branchiata - Pleonites 1-5 completely fused or fused mediodorsally, although segments may be visible in lateral view...9 9. Carpus of pereopods 4-7 rectangular; pleotelson with three raised dorsal longitudinal ridges . Haliophasma geminatum - Carpus of pereopods 4-7 triangular; pleotelson without dorsal ridges .. 10 10 . Pleonites 1-5 fused only along dorsal midline, segments free laterally; uropodal endopods narrow (< 60 % of pleotelson width), exopods much shorter than either pleotelson or endopods . ... Amakusanthura califomiensis - Pleonites 1-5 completely fused dorsally, segmentation indicated in lateral view only by faint lines and setal bundles; uropodal endopods subequal in width to pleotelson, exopods nearly as long as pleotelson and endopods . 11 . Maxillipedal palp 3 -articulate; pereonites pigmented dorsally, with complete or nearly complete dark ovals on pereonites 2-6 . Mesanthura occidentals - Maxillipedal palp 2 -articulate; pereonites pigmented dorsally with dark splotches, but without pigment rings . .. Cyathura munda 8 V. References Allan Hancock Foundation. !965. An oceanographic and biological survey of the southern California mainland shelf- State of California, State Water Quality Control Board Publication 27{appendix-dala): [-445. Austin, W.C. 1985- An Annotated Checklist of Marine Invertebrates in the Cold Temperate Northeast Pacific, Vol. 3, pp. 575-587- Khoyatan Marine Laboratory, Cowichan Bay, British Columbia. Bamber, R. N. 1985. 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Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, No. 3:67-105. Brusca, R.C. and G-D.F. Wilson. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Isopoda with some ciassificatory recommendations. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 31: 143-204. Buckle-Ramirez, L. F. 1965. Un ter such ungen iiber die Biologie von Heterotanais oerstedi Krcjyer (Crustacea, Tanaidacea). Zeitschrift der Morphoiogie und Oekologie des Tiere 55: 714-782 Burbanck, M.P. and W.D. Burbanck. 1974. Sex reversal of female Cyathura polita (Stimpson, 1855) (Isopoda, Anthuridae). Crustaceana 26:110-112. Burbanck, W.D. and M.P. Burbanck. 1979. Cyathura (Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuridae). Pp. 293-323 in C.W, Hart, Jr. and L.H. Samuel (eds.). Pollution Ecology of Estuarine Invertebrates. Academic Press, New York. Coyle, K.O. and G.J. Muller. 1981. New records of Alaskan marine Crustacea, with descriptions of two new gammaridean Amphipoda, Sarsia 66: 7-18. George, R.Y. and J.O. Stromberg. 1968. Some new species and new records of marine isopods from San Juan Archipelago, Washington, U.S.A. Crustaceana 14(3): 225-254, Guijanova, E.F, 1936. Rakoobnaznye ravnonogie dal'nevostochnykh morei. Fauna SSSR 7(3): 1-288. Hatch, M.H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and adjacent regions. University of Washington Publications in Biology 10(5): 155-274. Hobson, E.S. and J.R. Chess. (Ms.). Trophic relations of acanthopterygian fishes in a warm-temperate environment off southern California. Iverson, E.W. 1974. Range extensions for some California marine isopod crustaceans. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 73(3): 164-169. Kensley, B. 1978. Five new genera of anthurid isopod crustaceans. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 91:775-792. Kensley, B. and M. Schotte, 1989. Guide to the Marine Isopod Crustaceans of the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 9 Legrand, J. K. and P. Juchault. 1963. Mise en evidence d’un her map h rod is me protogynique fonctionnel chez Flsopode Anthuride Cyathura carinata (Krayer) et etude du m^canisme de Finversion sexueile. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Stances de 1’Academie des Sciences, Paris 256:2931-2933. Lie, U. 1968. A quantitative study of benthic infauna in Puget Sound, Washington, USA in 1963-64. FiskDir. Skrifter Series HavsUntersogungen 14(5): 229-556. Menzies, R.J. 1951. Mew marine isoptxls, chiefly from northern California, with notes on related forms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 101(3273): 105-156. Menzies, R.J. 1962. The marine isopod fauna of Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico. Pacific Naturalist 3(1 1): 337-348. Menzies, R.J. and J.L. Barnard. 1959. Marine Isopoda on coastal shelf bottoms of southern California: systematics and ecology. Pacific Naturalist 1(11/12): 3-35. Negoescu, I. 1980. Contribution to the study of anthurid isopods (Isopoda, Anthuridea) from the Mediterranean (Libya) with the description of two new species. Travaux du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle ’Grigore Antipa' 21: 89-102. Negoescu, 1. and J.W. Wagele. 1984. World list of anthuridean isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Anthuridea). Travaux du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 'Grigore Antipa’ 25: 99-146. Norman, A.M. and T.R.R. Stebbing. 1886. On the Crustacea Isopoda of the "Lightning", "Porcupine", and "Valorous" expeditions. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 12:77-141. Nunomura, N. 1978. Tanaidaceans and anthuridean isopods collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 91(4): 936-952. Poore, G.C.B. 1975. Australian species of Holiopheisrtw (Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuridae). Records of the Australian Museum 29(19): 503-533. Poore, G.C.B. 1980. A revision of the genera of the Paranthuridae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuridea) with a catalogue of species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 68: 53-67. Poore, G.C.B. 1984. Colanthura, Califanthum, Cruranthurn and Cruregens, related genera of the Paranthuridae (Crustacea: Isopoda). Journal of Natural History 18:697-715. Poore, G.C.B. and H.M. Lew Ton. 1985. Apanthura , Apanihuretta and Apanihuropsis gen. nov. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuridae) from south-eastern Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 46: 103-151. Poore, G.C.B. and H.M. Lew Ton. 1988a. More Australian species of Haliophasma (Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuridae). Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49(1): 85-106 Poore, G.C.B. and H.M. Lew Ton. 1988b. Amakusanthura and Apanthura (Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuridae) with new species from tropical Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49(1): 107-147. Poore, G.C.B. and H.M. Lew Ton. 1988c. A generic review of the Hyssuridae (Crustacea: Isopoda) with a new genus and new species from Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49(1): 169-193. Poore, G.C.B. and H.M. Lew Ton. 1988d. Antheluridae, a new family of Crustacea (Isopoda: Anthuridea) with new species from Australia. Journal of Natural History 22: 489-506. Richardson, H. 1902. The marine and terrestrial isopods of the Bermudas, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences 11:277-310. Richardson, H. 1905. A monograph on the isopods of North America. United States National Museum, Bulletin 54: 1-727, Schultz, G.A. 1964. Some marine isopod crustaceans from off the southern California coast. Pacific Science 18: 306-314. Schultz, G.A. 1966. Submarine canyons of Southern California. Part IV - Systematics: Isopoda. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 27(4): 1-56. 10 Schultz, G.A. 1977* Anthurids from the west coast of North America, including anew species and three new genera (Crustacea, Isopoda). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90(4): 839-848. Science Applications International Corp. [SAIC] 1985. Assessment of long-term changes in biological communities in the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel - Phase L Volume II - Synthesis of Findings* Prepared for United States Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region; Contract 14-12-0001-30032. Shuster, S.M. 1991* Changes in female anatomy associated with the reproductive moult in Paracerceis sculpt a, a semelparous isopod crustacean. Journal of Zoology 225: 365-379* Sivertsen, E. and L*B* Holthuis. 1980. The marine isopod Crustacea of the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago* Gunneria 35: 1-128. Stimpson, W. 1853. Synopsis of the marine. Invertebrnta of Grand Manan, or the region about the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 6(5): 1 - 66 , Strom berg, J.O. 1972. Cyathura potita (Crustacea, Isopoda), some embryo logical notes* Bulletin of Marine Science 22(2): 463-482. Wagele, J.W. 1981. Zur Phylbgenie der Anthuridea (Crustacea, Isopoda) mit Beitragen zur Lebensweise, Morphologic, Anatomie und Taxonomie. Zoologies (Berlin) 45(2)(132): 1-127. Wagele, J.W. 1984a. Two new littoral anthuridea from Baja California and redescription of Meson thura occidental is (Crustacea, Isopoda). Zoologies Scripts 13(1): 45-57. Wagele, J.W. 1984b* Studies on Antarctic Crustacea Isopoda. 1. Anthuridea from the Weddell Sea. Polar Biology 3: 99-107. Wallerstein, B*R* and R.C. Brusca* 1982. Fish predation: a preliminary study of its role in the zoogeography and evolution of shallow water idoteid isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Idoteidae). Journal of Biogeography 9: 135-150. Wetzer, R* and R.C* Brusca. In Press. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 10 - Arthropods, Subphylum Crustacea, Class Malacostraca, Superorder P era can da, Order Isopoda. Wetzer, R.,H.G. Kuck, P Baez R., R.C. Brusca and L.M. Jurkevics. 1991. Catalog of the isopod Crustacea type collection of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Technical Reports 3: 1-59. 11 Vp D0, “.1 and ! ateral V ' ews ofA I> an,hura Mya™ ? (from Negoescu 1980); 2) piercing ^ (from Menaes ,95i); 3) bi,,ng mouthparts 12 FIGURE 2. Anthurid sexual dimorphism. Male/female pairs of 1) Chalixanthura lewisi and 2) Chalixanthura scopulosa (male to the left of each pairKf'rom Kensiey &. Schotte 1989) 13 FIGURE 3. 1) Cyathura carinafa excavating a burrow with anterior appendages, posterior appendages and pleotelson, and pereopods (from Wagele 1981); 2) tail fan of Eisothistos macrurus at the aperture of a serpulid tube (from Wagele 1981) 14 FIGURE 4. Amakusanihura californicnsis - l) ? whole animal, dorsal view; 2) maxilliped; 3) maxilla 1;4) mandible; 5) pereopod 1; 6) pereopod 2; 7) pereopod 7; 8) tail fan; 9) antennae (from Schultz 1964) 15 FIGURES* Ananthura luna - I) ? whole animal, dorsal view;2) maxilliped; 3) mandible; 4) pereopod 1; 5) maxilla 1;6) antennae; 7) pereopod 2; 8) pereopod 7; 9) lateral view of pi eon and tail fan (from Schultz 1966) 16 FIGURE 6, Caiathura branchial a - 1) ¥ whole animal lateral view, with dorsal views of head and pleon/tail fan; 2) ventral oblique and dorsal views of the pleon/tail fan of another specimen; 3) antenna 1; 4) antenna 2; 5) mandible (2 views); 6) mandihular palp; 7) lower lip (labium)(from Wagele 1981) 17 FIGURE 7. Califanthura squamosissima - ]) holotype d\ dorsal view; 2) antenna 1 of juvenile Poster Session.) Deadline for submissions is January 10,1994. Authors will be notified of tentative selection of abstracts by April 2, 1994. Final acceptance for the program is contingent on receipt of a full manuscript by Juiy 1.1994, Submit abstracts to: Water Environment Federation Attn: Conference Program 601 Wythe Street Alexandria, Virginia 22314-1994 USA FAX submissions cannot be accepted for consideration. For Committee use onfy: 1 Tota Printed on Recyded Paper Ouq.( 3 *k SCflnvT PyA^ &r\ Odd P^ijCW-^-5 \) ~~ C btlJljLl hAtLrlOil< 0~J / ^ , fn&y ' l%uXh'djLf\h-£sL hcoL& ^ /lohSe-f^JU ^ J$4 3*4 ^M. ddupJLA /n$&A,-t in La\mJA^ f P#s£° fay (tu. ^^JhoLniZA AcoLs) (**<" (/**''*» fu>a*ssj OCXJu^^A^d (I/aasul^ a,y$iAjt Aja$_ '$poks he^/o On wu/z^e*. /^5 _ V / ^ • ' S>4&.Jh/?t'i Sp ■ & ^ Loss/ £l£jl^ 't/dcLt /irfa-far A&dbs s ^ a flo /0 fdtjt CP^-b S* si / ^SLpCLnatr dcdjifa p'3 /n^O . 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Yy\ udbjSpJGuiS ~To~ny PkJbJ.yjs /jj^AA J’tia/vurux t -h 9 typPAJL g> Zty J // Of fu t A *$^4# Jh-&a hi*}<"PJ mh'T^ ,. / * &r>6iferaA-l- / u /n^ CoA-!'^ ola^h- iMot^nn Ji/j/^x/sxf J>'cjSKtAJ- lands CiCAOSS 2 -eb‘j^n-< l_ "(doc^ jUdf h<*AS $rnajll it/ la&j^ ajyoccf' t / ' /^. <~ ~ ■st-/ - aj2*A Q$L^f'dc Ly // J'Ji&l&C-t'c It * 3d' />ityt*si* / ^ /ylet n C As ‘c*^ anc-tLtA. f>cu\,6^’dXpfxndac^o*' /n^in(s Jhrf-urar-^ &\ar>tkj (xjl, od)^YKt ■-/-/' c o /A qLILa^ Lem A ’sa-hlJUll (Jj J /tl A&tMntj j S Un dtrl/^LAS Cl*xl sAxAM-ntj PaJLoJL j ><|\N • Sq 0 Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 November, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 7 NEXT MEETING: Weird and Strange Polychaetes GUEST SPEAKER: None DATE: December 13,1993 TIME: 9:30am-3:00pm LOCATION: Polychaete Lab, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, CA DECEMBER 13 The meeting in December will be a show and tell with polychaete specimens that are weird, strange or rare from the recently generated species list. So please bring your animals. It will be held at Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh's polychaete lab at the Los Angeles Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, CA. StemaspisJossor Stimpson, 1854: Figure from Hartman 1969 Atlas of the Sedentariate Polychaetous Annelids FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC Scamit Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes. November, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 7 MINUTES FROM MEETING ON NOVEMBER 15 Ron Velarde announced that the Master Species Listhasbeen given to Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP). Nominations are now open for SCAMIT officers for the 1994-95 year. They will be entertained from now, up to and including the January meeting. We greatly need officers, (some of the current officers will not be running for re-election), so please consider offering your services for the upcoming year. Send your nominations to the Vice President, Larry Lovell at: 1036 Buena Vista Vista, CA 92083 Ballots will be mailed out with the January newsletter and will be due by the March meeting. Don't forget the SCAMIT Christmas party scheduled for Saturday evening, December 11th from 7:00 to 10:00 pm at the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium. Larry will be bringing a turkey for sandwiches and he will supply the bread and condiments. We need people to bring side dishes, salads and desserts. The Aquarium will be open for SCAMIT members and families. We will be setting up tables and chairs at 6 pm. Please come and help if you can. Don Cadien (Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts) informed attending members that Dr. John Garth passed away. A copy of the service will be included in a later newsletter. Mary Wicksten (Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843) is checking records of various crabs from California. Does anyone have any recent (that is, since 1945) records of the pelagic grapsoid crabs Planes cyaneus and Pachygrapsus marinus from California? Both have been reported as cast ashore with floating debris and Lepas, the former often associates with sea turtles. Also: has anyone sighted Uca crenulata north of Playa del Rey or Malacoplax califomiensis north of Mugu Lagoon? Reports of these or other "odd" decapods are appreciated. Treasurer, Ann Dalkey, is working on a new SC AMTTbrochure. If you received a draft version from Ann, your comments and also comments of other members should be directed to her by the end of December, Ann's phone number is listed at the end of this newsletter. SCAMIT is proud to announce the arrival of a new SC AMTTer. David and Audrey Vilas had a bouncing baby boy, Henry Kunio, (6 lbs, 11 oz) born on the evening of October 31st. John Ljubenkov chaired the workshop on Corymorphine Hy droids of southern California. The main character used to identify hydroids is the distribution of 3 different kinds of tentacles: moniliform (beaded), capitate (variety of moniliform withbulb on end) and filiform (simple and straight). Included in this newsletter is a two-way table along with a handout created by John. The hydroids found in California are Hypolytus, Euphysa, Corymorpha, Tubularia, Myriothela, Cladonema and Corynidae. The Hypothetical column at the end of the two-way table is depicted in the middle of the drawings of the Evolutionary Trends in Capitate Hydroids and Medusae. John spent the remainder of the morning discussing other cnidarians from the master species list. The afternoon was spent examining specimens of those taxa discussed in the morning. November, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 7 FUTURE MEETINGS The meeting on January 10 will be on Sea Pens, Part3. Dr. Gary C. Williams, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, C A will be leading the workshop It will be held at MEC in their newly expanded and remodeled offices in Carlsbad, CA. The February 21 meeting will be a workshop on the Polydora complex (Boccardia, Pseudopoly dora, Carazziella, Polydora etc.). Larry Lovell will be leading the meeting. Please start collecting specimens and get them to Larry as soon as possible (at the December meeting would be nice). His address is at the beginning of the newsletter. The location of the meeting is still to be arranged! The meeting on March 14 will be in Santa Barbara, CA. It will be lead by Paul Scott and Dr. Eric Hochberg of the Santa Barbara Natural History Museum. The topic(s) have yet to be determined. The April 11 meeting will be on Polynoidae. The workshop will be lead by Gene Ruff. This will be held at the City of San Diego's Marine Biology Lab in Point Loma. SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 3 Hypofytus Euphysa Boreohydra Actinulida Corymospha Tubuiaria Asyncoryne Tricydusa oral capitate X X X X oral monilrform X oral filiform X X X aboral monilrform X X X X aboral filiform X X X solitary X X X X X X colonial X X thin perisarc X X X X thick perisarc X X Acau/is Myriothela Cfadonema HaJocordyie Cbrynidae Hypothetical oral capitate X X X(4) X(MANY) X X oral monilrform oral filiform aboral monilrform aboral filiform X X(MOD.) X (4) X(MANY) X solitary X X X colonial X X X thin perisarc X X thick perisarc X X X X / V. Figure 3.26. Monobrachium parasitum: A, colony on shell of bivalve mollusk, Axinopsida serricaia , note presence of dactylozooids at the margin of the shell; B, enlarged section of colony showing cluster of feeding and reproductive zooids; C, gonozoid (Figure A from Hand, 1957; B, from Naumov, 1960; C, redrawn from Fraser, 1937). Scale in mm. Abbreviations: B, bivalve shell; D, dactylozooids; Ga, gastrozooid; Go, gonozooid; H, hydrorhiza; T, tentacle. 2 FIGURE 147. Obelia gc n ic u I a t a (L.).branch- let with hydrothecae and gonotheca FIGURE 142. Campanulatia evetta Clark, section of colony with three hydro- thecae and gonotheca (after Nutting, magnified ?) AMO.**'' FIGURE 159. V er t ic i 1 li na ve rt ic i Hat a (L.), section of colony with hydrothecae and gonotheca rC if ux p-f t/l (?u) } I b idj v^veO) 2i£±Qm t &(' t i- j 2 ^ \<^C> n, 2- ^ V ? J, yio_Sj2_ Vifck-dUtrtg ^T - a^yvuA«Awvv\ ST^ofWc 9P A Ckey /»v% 6-P 5 pi cv^es <- I ,»«* C^nO/yvi-Wv-io: ^7. (_ 6— at \J s^. X> C^Yia^fkdfio- y 0. 532 EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS IN CAPjlTATE HYDROIDS AND MEDUSAE • $o 0 Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 December, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 8 NEXT MEETING: Weird and Strange Polychaetes 2 GUEST SPEAKER: None DATE: January 10,1993 TIME: 9:30am-3:00pm LOCATION: Polychaete Lab, Los Angeles Couni of Natural History, Los Angeles, Cj ^ Museum JANUARY 10 The meeting in January will be a show and tell, (part 2), withpolychaete specimens that are weird, strange or rare from the recently generated spedes list. So please bring your animals. It will be held at Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh's polychaete lab at the Los Angeles Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, CA. Chaetopierus varwpedatus (Renier, 1804): Figure from Hartman 1969 Adas of the Sedentariate Polychaetous Annelids FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes. December, 1993 Vol. 12, No. 8 MINUTES FROM MEETING ON DECEMBER 13 The Echinoderm Newsletter #18 is available and anyone who is interested in receiving this newsletter or next years please contact: Cynthia Ahearn Dept of Invertebrate Zoology, MRC163 Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20560 A bill has been introduced in the House of Representatives (HR 2918), which would establish the National Institute for the Environment as an independent entity "to improve the scientific basis for decision-making on environmental issues, and for other purposes. Additional duties relate to enhancing communications between scientists and policy makers, encouraging development of environmentally benign technologies and identifying emerging environmental issues. Larry Lovell passed around a Smithsonian Series Program which contains reports on the research and collections of the various Smithsonian museums and offices or of professional colleagues associated with the Institution. If anyone is interested in receiving a copy of this please contact Ann Dalkey at (310) 648-5611. The 5th Polychaete Conference will be held in China sometime in mid-July, 1995. Dr. Reish suggested SCAMTT might want to get a tour group formed so that the air fare would be cheaper. Nominations are now open for SCAMTT officers for the 1994-95 year. They will be entertained from now up to and including the January meeting. We greatly need officers, (some of the current officers will not be runningfor re-election), so please consider offering your services for the upcoming year. Send your nominations to the Vice President, Larry Lovell at: 1036 Buena Vista Vista, C A 92083 Ballots will be mailed out with the January newsletter and will be due by the March meeting. The rest of the meeting was spent examining polychaete specimens that were weird, strange or rare from the recently generated spedes list. This included Scolelepis sp. 1 (Point Loma), Nothria occidenialis , Sabellides sp 1 (Point Loma), Petaloproctus borealis , Scoloplos acmeceps profundus , Sphaerosyllis brandhorsti and Mooreonuphis stigmatis . Linde Looy of Fraser Environmental Services in British Columbia is starting a "SCAMTT" in the Pacific Northwest. It will include fresh water and/or marine phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton or invertebrate taxonomy. Included in this newsletter is a notice for an upcoming meeting. 2 December, 1993 Vol. 12, No* 8 FUTURE MEETINGS The February 14 meeting will be a workshop on the Polydora complex ( Boccardia , Pseudopolydora, Carazziella, Polydora etc*)* Larry Lovell will be leading the meeting. Please start collecting specimens and get them to Larry as soon as possible* His address is at the beginning of the newsletter. The location of the meeting will be announced in the January newsletter. The April 11 meeting will be on Polynoidae. The workshop will be lead by Gene Ruff. This will be held at the City of San Diego’s Marine Biology Lab in Point Loma. The meeting on May 9 will be on Decapods with Dr. Jodi Martin leading the workshop. It will be held in the Times Mirror Room at the Los Angeles Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, CA. The meeting on March 14 will be in Santa Barbara, CA. It will be lead by Paul Scott and Dr. Eric Hochberg of the Santa Barbara Natural History Museum. The topic(s) have yet to be determined. SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 i/74/1993 11:14 6045389730 FES PhGE 04 NOTICE TO INVERTEBRATE AND PLANKTONIC TAXONOMISTS RE : TAXONOMIST'S WORKING GROUP identification of planktonic and invertebrate organisms has been used as a tool for understanding biodiversity as well as for a biological measure in Impact assessments. Recently, there has been an effort made to better standardize the various methods and approaches used in monitoring these communities. In February 1992 EVS Consultants and Environment Canada held a Benthos Monitoring Workshop. The workshop was well attended and a considerable amount of information was exchanged on various aspects of benthos monitoring. To build on the work already started, there has been interest in forming a working group for taxonomists. This would be a forum for specialists and generalists alike to share ideas and hopefully develop standardized methods, QA/QC procedures, and lists of keys so that data analyzed is as comparable as possible over time independent of who performs the actual identifications. To this end we would like to invite anyone active in freshwater or marine phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton or invertebrate taxonomy to a preliminary meeting of the working group tor taxonomists. The purpose of this meeting will be to : - discuss ideas on the structure and organization of the working group(s) • discuss the development of standardized methods • discuss possible topics for future workshops / meetings - introduce the Royal British Columbia Museum voucher collection Please forward a copy of this notice to anyone in the Pacific Northwest that may be interested in this meeting. Date: January 21,1994 Time : 1:00 pm Piace : The Royal British Columbia Museum 675 Belleville Street Victoria, B.C. Meeting Room 112 • check in at security desk Please return the enclosed RSVP with suggestions on possible agenda topics to : Unde Looy Fraser Environmental Services #16 - 9324 128th Street Surrey. B.C. V3V 6A4 (604) 588-9738 (telephone and fax number) 11/24/1993 11:14 6045009739 FES PAGE -0 RSVP to be returned by December 15,1993 to : Unde Looy Fraser Environmental Services #16 - 9324 128th Street Surrey, B.C. V3V 6A4 (604) 588-9738 (telephone and fax number) _Yes, I would like to attend the meeting of the working group for taxonomists. _ No, ! will not bs -?.bb to attend the mesting but ptsr.se send me any information generated. Name:__ Company / Institution ;_ • Address: _ Phone: Area of Interest: Suggestions for Agenda : - scam it wt t&y '/hM-hncj Oiian^-^ tib O-'bfb " cle S> kM.'fSnc, " & CJa * X ' /V- Cc^Jusit** cFn d-A Go. Ajfl- tUst-A^ )^%, SCArWIT" AtcjLu+tJ Oof>^ &. bloob /^j I^oxj lyuttiji sht\ OpktoolM Z^VX- Spt-LLujr*\ y^ptsUinru " P^mph&aU. ~t* t_ ZfrVj 5/naL.bf <5yi5t aa(a itutA- /V "Sf^ ^jlA'^l^x-7 O&ftdd Jb IPP /7 • -Zs p^'i/xAfs ck- jU^fuAs^.' CoAk A/hyAoAztT 5f, Get^c fhju^ bxou^kJ' ex. /? /hpkaju.ijt qa-es/ 5yse^ yAllcv^ ot&is-AA ^A-t aLnSicj djSCAty^errj- Coa^U/ii£p sbQL opj-Ar/uyi 5 ^Atr^ ft. ' Apipkaaot a&-^ hfia/noJAeUi Abyttj&t-' AAa.fi autAjOL^y ^ ■•-■>.— ybsJLu ^- JAj ju^/uA^ /& ALmj scyi a &A •sAjAc.AiA 5-t-oJtL. AAsAw b->ouJi{J caJtA // /< OiAL'Af^p^o. iluLffi* *?. i - fnvdJooUojdl ^ Yhajsf'ds sy- Jocr* Pa LfitoSPpV of So -/Itycnbs //■ finely merle f- I d'iy IAH 0Ji t -:r 4t- O 5WW +^4 ^ ^ C^CJLrV^ijJ 5faJi,^ a „X if As cd a. da p^tfc l/v 50 £|?|«aV5»- % W IAa/ i Alt iAs. p*-OJ Is Co- d&AertolkzJ yuc^uiQicu , ' So-t^s -tJ\n Ati < tuda-if / 5 ■&&‘-ioitsrf ous r u.j Mja- "fhOidatru tLi P&d -fb •Sxdt gjus *? z??^ &lJy>). k±L£*j 0^ccyn^> /\nn DaMkttj J&s &- jk<&buxfi b-MM c£‘ A)&i\ihjLPtLLeM ~ Cc~r>pu^r^AcJ i>y ot>l<- kesitAed (Uas u (AiJlfjhfWf < 1 Ft^o< d&Jid id/d hxrl'K &r~- AAjpd tz6(la-pu*.J Q-lftJ. jxddi /Io J>CLfh $$o^{-lar^ 0-n pAAl- 5ubadtj te Sp, A Adv'adcl p^pMj P OtfJktp iScd&dojti ynj,t' (LiLruK^ LcCam^ul. dAe/u. Madd^ CUu. Ad ' sULftOC^ L£l£o$Af\) ~ 'yhu,y*ioHt- office space and accommodations for faculty and visiting scholars. The common goal of educational and research efforts is life-support practices and systems that model the self- renewing ways of natural ecosystems. Faculty from the university's College of Agriculture, Engineering, Environmental Design, and Science have been involved in the development of the curriculum of the Center and its facility. Courses and research facilities will be open to students, and faculty members from all disciplines. researchers. The Position The Center for Regenerative Studies is currently placed in the Collegeof Environmental Design and in thefutiire will become independent of disciplinary structure. The Director of the Center for Regenerative Studies currently reports to the Deanof the Collegeof Environmental Design, and is charged with providing innovative leadership, vision and direction for the undergraduate and graduate academicprograms, the physical facilities and their operation, and the continued support of the Center through advancement and proposal-writing activities. The Director is expected to work collegially and consultatively with an interdisciplinary faculty committee in advancing the goals of the Center. The Director will also work with students, university officials and corporate and community leaders in establishing the Center as an international leader in the study and ) application of regenerative technologies. Director - Center for Regenerative Studies Page 2 The position of Director is a twelve-month administrative position and will startnolater than September1,1994. Depending upon qualifications and appropriate campus consultative procedures, the successful candidate may be awarded teaching return rights in an appropriate academic department. Qualifications The successful candidate must demonstrate a desire and proven ability to work in an interdisciplinary environment and be committed to a collegial and consultative form of dedsion-making involving the faculty team, students and staff. Because the Center is an academic program, candidates must have an established Candidates should also possess administrative experience, preferably in an academic setting including the management of budgets, personnel and academic programs. Successful fund raising and proposal writing is particularly important. The candidate should possess a Ph.D. or an appropriate terminal degree Other desirable characteristics include experience working with a residential student/faculty program; experience working with academic program development activities; research for or participation in other tal organizations; experience in private industry. ie # Compensation Compensation is dependent upon the qualifications and experience of the successful candidate. The position includes a very attractive benefits package. Application The search committee will begin reviewing applications on February 14,1994 and will continue until the position is filled. A complete application will include the University's Application for Academic Employment, a letter of interest which addresses the qualifications described in this announcement, a curriculum vita that includes atjeast thoseelements specified on the application form, and thenames, titles, addresses and telephone numbers of at least five colleagues who can provide current assessments of the candidates professional experience. Finalists should request application materials from: Dr. William Stine, Chair, QRS Director, Search Committee California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. 3801W. Temple Avenue Pomona, CA 91768-4062 (909) 869-2597 FAX: (909) 869-4370 e-Mail: WBSTtNE@CSUPOMONA.EDU California State Polytechnic University, Pomona is an Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action Employer. Women and minorities are strongly encouraged to apply. The university hires only individuals lawfully authorized to work in the United States. °Os • |sA ^ Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 March, 1994 Vol. 12, No. 10 & 11 NEXT MEETING: Polynoidae GUEST SPEAKER: Eugene Ruff, Ruff Systematics, Solana Beach, DATE: April 11,1994 TIME: 9:30am-3:00pm LOCATION: City of San Diego Marine Biology Laboratory, San Diego, CA (map is included; APRIL 11 The meeting in April will be on Poly noidae from the MMS Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Please bring any specimens you need to have identified. The workshop will be lead by Gene Ruff and will be held at the City of San Diego's Marine Biology Laboratory, San Diego, CA. Harmothoe imbricata: Light's Manual Third Edition; edited by Ralph I. Smith and James T. Carlton FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes. March, 1994 Vol. 12, No. 10 &11 MINUTES FROM MEETINGS ON FEBRUARY 28 & MARCH 14 The Southern California Academy of Sciences will be having their 1994 Annual Meeting, May 6-7 at the University of California, Irvine. The X International Symposium on Marine Biology will be in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico on June 13-17,1994. The symposium will focus on topics related to: fisheries, marine ecology and resource management. Included in this newsletter is a letter from Dr. D. Reish and a copy of the registration form. The Fifth International Polychaete Conference will be held at Qingdao, China in July 2-7,1995. Information and a reply form have been included in this newsletter. The Western Society of Malocologist meeting will be in June 26-30,1994 at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (SBMNH). Larry Lovell suggested that Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh might need help moving the Allan Hancock Foundation polychaete collection to the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Larry is thinking about organizing a Saturday SCAMIT moving party. Preliminary results indicate that the slate of officers on the ballot will be elected to their positions for the upcoming year. They will assume their duties at the May meeting. Don Cadien informed attending members that the Third California Island Symposium publication is available. If anyone is interested in a copy please contact the SBMNH. He also proposed for the upcoming EMAP project that there be information exchange and problem solving meetings for species encountered during this project. Don suggested meeting more than once a month to maximize the information interchange. Two new publications were announced at the meeting: Watling, L. 1991. Revision of the Cumacean Family Leuconidae. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 11(4): 569-582. Kuck, H. G. and J. W. Martin. 1994. Redescription, Description for the Male, and New Distribution Records for the Homolid Crab Paromolafaxoni (Schmitt) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 14(1): 177-187. Ron Velarde announced that the Master Species List is complete and everyone who is a SCAMIT member will receive a copy. The list will be updated on a yearly basis and non-members can receive a copy by contacting Ann Dalkey at: Hyperion Treatment Plant 12000 Vista del Mar Playa del Rey, CA 90293 tel. (310) 648-5611 2 March, 1994 Vol. 12, No. 10 & 11 CUMACEAN WORKSHOP FEBRUARY 28 Les Watling started the meeting by announcing that the final draft of the Cumaceans from the MMS Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel is due to Jim Blake by the end of March. The rough draft is available to SCAMIT members. If anyone would like a copy contact Diane O'Donohue at City of San Diego, Marine Biology Lab MS-45 A, 4077 N. Harbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92101 tel. (619) 692-4901. Most of the specimens were from deeper water and Les has been using scanning Electron Microscopy to photograph sections of specimens along with whole mounts. He has been successful with the larger more robust, i.e. calcified, animals. The more fragile animals had a tendency to collapse or peel during the prep. Les is looking for more suitable prep agents. On the following page is a list of names currently used by SCAMIT and appropriate manuscriptnames (note: these names are still in prep.). The only other foreseeable change is that Hemilamprops californica Zimmer, 1936 has been changed to H. californicus. MOLLUSCA WORKSHOP MARCH 14 Paul Scott started the meeting by discussing the Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. The standing order form for the atlas is included in this newsletter and depending on the production cost the price for each volume will vary from $20 to $50. The first volume is out and the second volume (sponges) will be available sometime in May. The morning was spent examining Parvilucina and discussing Carole S. Hickman's article The Genus Parvilucina in the Eastern Pacific: Making Evolutionary Sense of a Chemosymbiotic Species Complex from The Veliger, Jan. 3, 1994, vol. 37(1), 43-61. Paul presented information about P. tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1864 vs P. approximata (Dali, 1901). He suggested looking at a suite of characters. P. tenuisculpta has shallow, narrow lunules in both valves, beaks low and hinge line slightly curved. Whereas, P. approximata has moderate depth and widthlunules in both valves, beaks prominent and hinge line strongly curved. He will put something together for the next newsletter and suggested that everybody take a critical look at their Parvilucina's and see if there are two different forms. The afternoon was spent discussing the Family Eulimidae. Included in this newsletter is a handout entitled A Generic Revision of the Family Eulimidae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) by Anders Waren. In the handout, the Genus Strombiformis needs to be changed to Eulima. It was also determined that Rhamphidonta sp. A [Cadien, 1993] is R. santarosae (Dali, 1916). FUTURE MEETINGS The meeting on May 9 will be on Biological Illustrations with Dr. Jodi Martin leading the workshop. It will be held in the Times Mirror Room at the Los Angeles Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, CA. The date and topic(s) for the June meeting have yet to be determined. 3 March, 1994 Vol. 12, No. 10 &11 SCAMIT Diastylis sp. A and D. sp. D (male) Diastylis sp. B Leptostylis sp. A Leptostylis villosa Leucon sp.H Leucon sp. A Epileucon sp. A Campylaspis sp. P (male) Campylaspis sp. E Procampylaspissp . A Cumella sp. A Manuscript names D. serratocostata Watling & McCann, n. sp. D. santamariensis Watling & McCann, n. sp. L. ca/vaWatling & McCann, n. sp. L. abditis Watling & McCann, n. sp. L. ( Diaphonoleucon ) declivis Watling & McCann, n. sp. L. (Leucon) falcicosta Watling & McCann, n. sp. Leucon ( Crymoleucon ) bishopi Bacescu, 1988 C. maculinodulosaWatling & McCann, ii. sp. C. blakei Watling & McCann, n. sp. P. caenosa Watling & McCann, n. sp. C. ( Cumella) californica Watling & McCann, n. sp. SCAMIT OFFICERS: If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of the officers. President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 Vice-President Larry Lovell (619)945-1608 Secretary Diane O'Donohue (619)692-4901 Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 4 CITY OF SAN DIEGO’S MARINE BIOLOGY LABORATORY DLO Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel Standing Order Form Name _ Institution _ Mailing Address Phone number and fax number Email address_ I wish to have a standing order for the Taxonomic Atlas of the Santa Maria Basin and Santa Barbara Channel published by the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. I understand volumes will be sent to me as they are produced, and I will receive a 10% discount off the list price. All invoices will be paid within 30 days of receipt of the volume. If the publication is deemed unsatisfactory, it may be returned at no cost. Signature Date Please return to: Paul Scott Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History 2559 Puesta del Sol Road Santa Barbara, CA 93105 fax 805-569-3170 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY (310) 985-4806 February 21, 1993 To: Marine Biologists From: Donald J. Reish Re: X International Marine Biology Symposium The tenth International Marine Biology Symposium will be held in Ensenada, Baja California, June 13-17, 1994. This symposium is co-sponsored by the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California de Baja California Sur Southern California Marine Institute [the new name for Oceans Study Institute] . This symposium has been a very successful association with the universities of Baja California. The symposium will be held in the convention center of Ensenada which was the former Hotel Riviera del Pacifico. Abstracts are due March 31, 1994 to Lon McClanaham on Terminal Island or they can be given to me. Lon and I will be going to Ensenada to make the final arrangements after March 31. Abstracts must be typed on a specific form which will then be photocopied. Arrangements are being made to publish submitted papers in Ciencas Marinas subject to peer review. I have a few of the forms as well as hotel information. Additional forms are available from Lon. Funds have been made available to support five graduate students to attend and present a paper or poster. Each student will receive $200.00; they must have the written support of a faculty member as well as presenting a paper or poster. For further information consult Lon or me. f f 4 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840-3702 I ENSENADA, B.C., DECEMBER 16, 1993. J ~Z' f 4- 7 / : V' C£< / '<■ ' i k CORONA X INTERNATIONAL MARINE BIOLOGY SIMPCSIUM Dear Congress Member: The present is with the aim to send you a greating and let you know about the services and rates that "HOTEL CORONA" offers you as a head office of the Congress, that going to be the 13 thru the 17 of June 1994. The Corona Hotel has been built thinking in your safety and comfort taken the most advance sistems of security, prevent any catastrophy. The Hotel is located near to the see across from the Convention Center (Riviera del Paclfico Ex-Hotel). The Hotel have 93 rooms with the - COMPLETED CARPETED - PURIFIED DRINKING WATER - POOL - RESTAURANT - PANORAMIC BALCONIES - ELEVATORS - GUARD The four floors of the Hotel let the City and Harbor of Ensenada. RATES : SINGLE ROOM 1 KING bed/1 Person $38 DLLS + TAX DOUBLE ROOM 2 QUEEN beds/2 People $38 DLLS + TAX TRIPLE ROOM 2 QUEEN beds/3 People $43 DLLS + TAX We offer you a Welcome Party in a Pool Area from 8 to 10 P.M. with typical drinks of our land. (Margaritas, Clamatos, Beers & tequilas). Also we provide you with our Restaurant Menu, wich contain prices for Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner. RESERVATIONS POLICY: Must be made two weeks prior arrival and prepaid one weex before; in case of cancellation it must be 72 Hrs. prior arrival, if not one night of no show, will be charge to your deposit or to the credit card that is holding the reservation. Thank you for thinking in us, its our commitment that our guest have a pleasant stay. following services: - SAFE BOX - AIR CONDITIONER/HEATING - PHONE - PRIVATE PARKING LOT - SATELLITE T.V. - LOBBY BAR/LIVE MUSIC/GAMES ROOM see and enjoy the best view of .-v.i-j.wr i :;t:: INTERNATIONAL POLYCHAETE CONFERENCE 2 -7 JULY, 1995 Dear Colleague. You are cordially invited to participate in the Fifth International Polychaete Conference to be held from 2-" July 1995 in Qingdao. China. The Fifth International Polychaete Conference is sponsored by the International Polychaete Association (IPA) and the organizing committee of the Fourth International Polychaete Conference and is hosted by Chinese Society of Oceanography: Qingdao Association for Science and Technology: The Department of Biology. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology: and The Marine Ecology and Polychaete Laboratory of the First Institute of Oceanography. State Oceanic Administration. The conference will include plenary sessions, oral presentation of.research papers, and display of the posters. In addition, field trips to various parts of the Yellow Sea will be organized during the session. \Ye welcome all polychaete experts who may like to present papers or posters, but we also welcome non-experts who are friends of polychaetes and who may only want to come to meet with world polychaete scholars and enjoy the surrounding of Qingdao. All participants are regarded as formal delegates and share the privilege of all activities of the conference. Qingdao is a lovely port city: it is surrounded by miles of beautiful coast and fishing villages: the nearby Laoshan Mountain is a famous scenic resort. The first bathing beach at Huiquan Cove is one of the best bathing beaches in China and is characterized by a gentle slope and fine sand. The brand of Tsingdao Beer which is made with the Laoshan mineral water enjoys a worldwide fame. Qingdao is also the major base of oceanographic research with about half of all marine research institutions in China. Attendees are urged to spend an extra week visiting the magnificent sights of China: The Great Wall Forbidden City, the Summer Palace. Ming Tombs. Tiananmen Square etc. in Beijing; the Museum of terra cotta Army of the Emperor Qin ShiHuang in Xian: the lovely West Lake in Hangzhou; the beautiful mountains and waters in Guilin: and the beautiful port cities of Haikou and Sanya of Hainan Island in the South China Sea. Organizing Committee of The Fifth International Polychaete Conference CHAIRPERSON OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POLYCHAETES Dr. Pat Hutchings ORGANIZING COMMITTEE OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL POLYCHAETE CONFERENCE Co-Convener: Prof. B. L. Wu - First Institute of Oceanography. SOA. China Prof. F. S. Chia - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Hong Kong Secretary»General Dr. P. Y. Qian - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Hong Kong ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF THE FIFTH INTER¬ NATIONAL POLYCHAETE CONFERENCE Guan, H. S. - President. Ocean University of Qingdao. PRC Hutchings, Pat. - Australian Museum, Sydney. Australia Rung, Shain-dow - Pro-vice-chancellor for Academic Affairs. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Hong Kong Reish, D.J. - Department of Biology. California State University. Long Beach. California. USA Shi,J. S. - Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of Qingdao Municipal People's Congress, PRC Tseng, C. K. - Honorary Director. Institute of Oceanography. Academia Sinica. Qingdao. PRC DEADLINES July 1994 Second Circular will be sent only to those who have requested it on the reply form included with the First Circular. 1 December 1994 Booking for post-conference excursions 1 February 1995 Submission of abstracts 1 May 1995 Notification of acceptance for oral or poster presentation 2 July 1995 Submission of manuscripts for review and publication REGISTRATION FEES US$200 before 30 November 1994 US$250 after 01 December 1994 50% discount of the registration fee for students & accompanying persons. Registration fee includes all conference materials, proceeding programme, reception, tea & coffee breaks, and mid¬ conference tours. SYMPOSIUM VENUE All conference sessions will be held in the Yi-Fu Academic Hall at the Ocean University of Qingdao. The Academic Hall, completed only a year ago. was furnished with the latest conference facilities and funded with a generous donation of Hong Kong Film enterpriser Yi-Fu Shaw. CONFERENCE PROGRAMME English will be the official language for the entire conference and no translation facilities will be available. Details of scientific program, registration and abstract forms will be provided in the Second Circular. Yan, H. M. - Minister. State Oceanic Administration. PRC ACCOMMODATION Dormitories at modest rates at both the Ocean University of Qingdao and the First Institute of Oceanography are available for students and delegates. A variety of restaurants, major hotels and shops are within walking distance to the Yi-Fu Academic Hall. Some close by Hotels: Hui-Quan Hotel: USS 110/night Huanghai Hotel: US$80/night Badaguan Hotel: l : S$85/night All hotel rooms are provided with two beds, telephones, TV set and washrooms; and can be shared by two persons. MID- AND POST-CONFERENCE EXCURSIONS The following tours are being planned but subject to change. The number of participants is limited. More detailed information and post-conference tour cost will be given in the Second Circular. a. Mid-conference tours (no charges to delegates) Two mid-conference tours will be organized. All will take a whole day and lunch will be provided. 1. Laoshan Mountain (Beijiu Shui and Xiaqing Gong) and city tour. 2. Polychaete collection around the local coast area (intertidal zone, rocky shores and sand beaches). b. Post-conference tours (Non-Scientific) 1. Qingdao - Shanghai - Hangzhou - Guilin. 8 days 2. Qingdao - Shanghai - Hangzhou - Shanghai. 5 days 3. Qingdao - Bejing. 3 days 4. Qingdao - Xian - Beijing. 3 days 3. Qingdao - Xiamen - Haikou - Sanya. 7 days TRAVEL There are several Domestic and International airlines connected Qingdao directly to Beijing, Shanghai, Guilin, Xian, Haikou. Sanya, Hong Kong, Seoul. REPLY FORM AND SECOND CIRCULAR To receive the second circular, you must complete the enclosed reply form and returned it to the address indicated on the Form as soon as possible. The Second Circular will include abstract form for oral or poster presentation. CONTACT PERSON Prof. B. L. Wu Marine Ecology and Polychaete Laboratory First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration 3A Hongdaozhi Road, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China Tel. 86-0332-2866810 Fax. 86-0532-2879562 THE HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FTO-ftPOfiS FIFTH INTERNATIONAL POLYCHAETE CONFERENCE 2-7 JULY 1995 REPLY FORM FAMILY NAME:_ GIVEN NAMES: TITLE(DR/PROF/ETC):_ AFFILIATION:_ ADDRESS:_ TEL: FAX: E-MAIL: (PLEASE CIRCLE AS APPROPRIATE) 1 I wish to attend the conference. Please send me more information when available 2 I wish to participate in the mid conference excursion 3 I wish to participate in the post-conference excursion . 4 I intend to submit a paper entitled_ for Oral presentation / poster display 5 I wish to stay in: Hui-Quan. Huanghai, or Badaguan Hotel (Check one) 6 I wish to stay in the dormitories PLEASE RETURN THE COMPLETED FORM TO: Prof. B. L.Wu Marine Ecology and Polychaete Laboratory First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration 3A Hongdaozhi Road, Qingdao P. R. China A GENERIC REVISION OF THE FAMILY EULIMIDAE (GASTROPODA, PROSOBRANCHIA) ANDERS WARfiN Department of Zoology, University of GOteborg Box25059, S-40031 GOteborg, Sweden SUPPLEMENT 13 THE JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES 1983 DEFINITION OF THE FAMILY EULIMIDAE It is impossible to give a brief definition of a group that is so variable and incompletely known as the family Eulimidae. A family is a unit based on a number of genera which are more related to each other than to other genera and every new genus tends to strain the limits. I have therefore restricted myself to giving a number of details partly shared by the genera known to me. The alphabetical list of the genera shows the variation of the family more completely. Shell. Usually present. Colourless or brownish yellowish with brownish or yellowish markings. Often there are one or several scars from earlier positions of the outer lip (similar scars may also be found in Aclididae and Rissoinidae). The shape of the shell is most variable. Siphonal canal absent. Larva! shell . Brownish or colourless. In species with planktotrophic development it consists of 2.5-4 whorls and is rather slender. There is no sculpture except in a few species which have extremely faint axial lines. It does not show any sinusigera characteristics. Operculum. An operculum is present in all species with a solid shell, but is often lacking in species which are constantly attached to the host and have an inflated or less solid shell. Sometimes it has pegs, folds or other reinforce¬ ments. Tentacles. Usually present. They are round, flat, or are fused to form a fold. Sometimes they are lacking. Eyes are usually present and situated basally, under the skin in the centre of each tentacle. Radu/a. Present in Hemiliostraca, Niso, Euli - mostraca, Eulima and some other genera. Ptenoglossate. Proboscis. Present in all except a few of the nfost highly reduced endoparasites. Acrembolic. Alimentary canal. Salivary glands present in some species. Oesophagus usually passing through the nerve ring anteroventrally in the body cavity. Stomach present in Eulima, but usually the oesophagus is gradually transformed into the midgut gland. Rectum often present. Pallial oviduct. Open. Penis. Present except in the most highly modified endoparasites. Seminal groove open. Foot. Usually present, often with flaps which may cover the base of the shell. Propodium (mentum) well developed. Way of life. Always parasitic, more or less permanently attached to the host (with two exceptions echinoderms), by the snout or proboscis. I have earlier used the name Eulimidae to denote these gastropods without discussing whether they should be regarded as a family or a higher taxon. Previous authors have distingui¬ shed between a number of taxa, a list of which is given below. These range from subfamily to suborder. As I will show later, these groups can all be derived from the basic eulimid organiza¬ tion shown by Eulima, Niso, and Melanella. Therefore 1 have preferred to keep them in one family, Eulimidae. I have not made any attempts to divide Eulimidae into subfamilies. Suprageneric names used for species here included in Eulimidae. Eulimidae H. & A. Adams, 1853 Styliferidae H. & A. Adams, 1853 Entoconchidae Gill, 1871 Parasita Fischer, 1883 (Suborder) Cochlosolenia Voigt, 1888 (Suborder) Cochlosyringia Voigt, 1888 (Suborder) Melanellidae Dartsch, 1917 There is no sculpture except in a few species which have extremely faint axial lines. It does not show any sinusigera characteristics. Operculum. An operculum is present in all species with a solid shell, but is often lacking in species which are constantly attached to the host and have an inflated or less solid shell. Sometimes it has pegs, folds or other reinforce¬ ments. Tentacles. Usually present. They are round, flat, or are fused to form a fold. Sometimes they are lacking. Eyes are usually present and situated basally, under the skin in the centre of each tentacle. Radula. Present in Hemiliostraca, Niso, Euli- mostraca, Eulima and some other genera. Ptenoglossate. Proboscis. Present in all except a few of the niost highly reduced endoparasites. Acrembolic. Alimentary canal. Salivary glands present in some species. Oesophagus usually passing through the nerve ring anteroventrally in the body cavity. Stomach present in Eulima, but usually the oesophagus is gradually transformed into the midgut gland. Rectum often present. Pallial oviduct. Open. Penis. Present except in the most highly modified endoparasites. Seminal groove open. Foot. Usually present, often with flaps which may cover the base of the shell. Propodium (mentum) well developed. Way of life. Always parasitic, more or less permanently attached to the host (with two exceptions echinoderms), by the snout or proboscis. I have earlier used the name Eulimidae to denote these gastropods without discussing whether they should be regarded as a family or a higher taxon. Previous authors have distingui¬ shed between a number of taxa, a list of which is given below. These range from subfamily to suborder. As I will show later, these groups can all be derived from the basic eulimid organiza¬ tion shown by Eulima, Niso, and Melanella. Therefore I have preferred to keep them in one family, Eulimidae. 1 have not made any attempts to divide Eulimidae into subfamilies. Suprageneric names used for species here included in Eulimidae. Eulimidae H. & A. Adams, 1853 Styliferidae H. & A. Adams, 1853 Entoconchidae Gill, 1871 Parasita Fischer, 1883 (Suborder) Cochlosolenia Voigt, 1888 (Suborder) Cochlosyringia Voigt, 1888 (Suborder) Melanellidae Bartsch, 1917 Enteroxenini Schwanwitsch, 1917 Pelseneeridae Rosfen, 1910 Asterophilidae Thiele, 1925b Thycinae Thiele, 1931 Paedophoropodidae Ivanov, 1933 Enteroxenidae Heding & Mandahl-Barth, 1938 Melanellacea Cotton, 1959 The systematic position of Eulimidae also has to be decided upon. Thiele (1931) placed the family, together with Aclididae and Pyramidel- lidae in Aglossa. The family Pyramidellidae has since been transferred to the opisthobranchs (Fretter & Graham, 1949). Not very much is | known about the aclidids (cf. Sars, 1878, and Thiele, 1931), but the few facts available (pteno¬ glossate radula, presence of mentum, long | proboscis, a pair of jaws carrying teeth on their edges) agree as well with epitoniids as with eulimids, except a supposed absence of a penis in Aclididae (A.W. pers. obs), a difference from eulimids. The genus Thaleia Waren, 1979(e) is similar to Eulimidae in many aspects, but has a very different radula and the organization of the alimentary canal is poorly known. The ptenoglossate radula is shared with the epitoniids and some architectonicids, but these families differ in the organization of the alimentary canal, and lack a penis and mentum. The epitoniids have a hypobranchial gland secreting a purple dye and the architectonicids have a heterostrophic larval shell. Also the family Trochaclididae (with a single known species) has a ptenoglossate radula, but has neither proboscis nor jaws and a trochiform shell and multispiral operculum. No other gastropods show any similarities to the eulimids, except in non-specific characters, such as shell shape (several smooth Rissoinidae). Therefore 1 regard the eulimids as a super¬ family, containing a single family Eulimidae. The name Melanellacea was introduced by Cotton (1959) to include Melelanellidae and Stiliferidae and has to be changed to Euli- moidea. TAXONOMICAL CONCEPTS IN EULIMIDAE Generic level. The present concept of genus and subgenus in taxonomy is based on personal weighting of differences and similarities between species. Species which resemble each other very much are placed in the same subgenus and similar subgenera are brought together in genera. Numerous attempts have been made to use numerical methods to arrange the species of certain groups in a hierarchy or to express relationships between them. Such methods are valuable, under the presumption that the evolutionary rate of morphological changes has been approximately uniform in the group and through time (Colless, 1970). I find it unrealistic to assume that the evolution of the eulimids has proceeded with an approximately uniform rate, but believe that speciation and radiation have been faster when certain levels of organization have been achieved and that the present opulence of species at certain levels and the scarcity or absence at others reflect this. The morphological variation within the eulimids is at least as great as among the remaining prosobranchs. AH organ-systems of prosobranchs are present in the primitive species and most may be lacking in others. Thus it becomes more difficult to discern relationships between groups. Another additional difficulty is the present, scanty knowledge about the family. As it will be emphasized (cf. p. 5), it can be assumed that ortly a small part of the total number of genera and species is known. Therefore, 1 have preferred not to use sub¬ genera, but instead 1 have used very restricted genera. Probably several of them can be united as subgenera in the future, when more species are known and intermediate forms make a continuum of what now is seen as scattered groups. This way of working reduces the probability of classifying unrelated species together and is more easy to correct, than an exaggeration in the other direction. As I have based my generic concept on relative characteristics, viz. resemblance between a number of species, compared with the remaining species of the family, it has been impossible to affix a “generic value” to certain details. Some characteristics, however, are almost invariably constant in a genus. (1) Host group. The species of a genus are usually restricted to a single class of echinoderms. Exceptions are Vitreolina and perhaps Niso. (2) Sexual strategy. Relationships within the Eulimidae. Earlier authors have constructed more or less elaborate evolutionary schemes, based on a few genera, to show the relationships of the families here included in the Eulimidae (e.g. Vaney, 1913; Ivanov, 1952; Grusov, 1965). Grusov reduced the number of families to one, while Ltltzen in various papers has mentioned Stiliferidae, Pel- seneeridae, Paedophoropodidae, and Entocon- chidae. I here point out the problems connected with such arrangements, and arrange some genera, which I consider related, into groups. When previous workers have outlined the systematics of the family they have used exclusively morphological similarities and differences, and only infrequently have they considered the possibility of convergence. Neither have they been aware of the high plasticity of the morphology of the eulimids. I give some examples to show this. Presence or absence of a pseudopallium has been used to group the species. The pseudopal¬ lium is a collar-shaped enlargement of the snout, first described in Stilifer where it forms a sac- like wrapping covering all the shell, except the apical part. In one species of the genus, S. astericola, it is absent in the male phase which lives as an ectoparasite. A pseudopallium is present also in several other genera, e.g. in the male of Stilapex montrouzeri which lives under the shell of the female, in Megadenus spp. and in Vitreobalcis holdsworthi , where it protects the snail from the pedicellariae of the host (War6n 1980b). The presence of a pseudopallium is always associated with a more intimate relation with the host and therefore 1 suppose that the pseudopallia of different groups of eulimids, have evolved independently, probably to reduce defensive activities of the host. (A parallel to this is presumably the pedal flaps of Pelseneeria, Pulicicochlia and Robillardia.) I have therefore not paid as much attention to the pseudopallium as earlier authors. Some authors have paid much attention to sexual strategy, when grouping the species into families. 1 later discuss the variation of sexual strategies in the eulimids and try to show that these are very much subject to selective pressure by predation. The presumed primitive pro- tandric hermaphroditism in the family and the small changes necessary for a change from one strategy to another have made me doubt this characteristic for separating larger groups. The proboscis is also highly variable, even within a genus (e.g. Apicalia (War6n, 1979c) and Peasistilifer (Hoskin, pers. comm.)), which might be expected, as it is directly connected with food uptake. High variability also occurs in other parts of the digestive system and the foot. Some other details in the anatomy, such as excretory system and circulatory system are too poorly known to be evaluated at present. This is also the case with the spermatozoa, which are known to vary even between the few species in which they are known (Heding & Mandahl- Barth, 1938, Ivanov, 1949b). One characteristic that has not been used earlier is the host specificity. I have emphasized earlier (p. 1) and discuss later (p. 19) that most eulimid genera show a high degree of group specificity in their choice of host. The only exception is found in the little modified genus Vitreolina. Therefore, I assume that the j early eulimid genera had a low host-specificity. I Certain species became more and more special- ! ized and more firmly associated with certain j hosts. They gave rise to new genera, that evolved 1 parallel to their hosts and in response to other selective forces such as predation and conditions for the larvae. In Tables 1-5 I have arranged all eulimid genera by host group. Each table comprises the parasites of one echinoderm class. At a first glance the contents of a table seem very hetero¬ geneous, with genera representing all degrees of specialization. At a closer examination, however, it will be found that no genus is more similar to genera of other groups, than to certain genera in its own group. It will also be found that in several occasions a genus seems to be a more specialized form of another genus of its own group, as for example the following: Para - megadenus (development of pseudopallium) -* Stilifer (loss of shell and coiling of the visceral sac) Asterophila. Megadenus (enlargement of pseudopallium) -* Gastero- siphon (reduction of proboscis and visceral sac) -*■ Diacolax, Entocolax, Entoconcha (total reduction or extroversion of alimentary canal) -*• Thyonicola, Enteroxenos. Sabinella (development of snout, reduction of foot) -» Echineulima. Trochostilifer and Robillardia have in common the oddly-shaped male shell and the strongly-developed pedal fold and may share an ancestor. I do not believe that evolution has gone straight or directly as in the sequences above, but 1 find it likely that the genera of a sequence represent offspring of the same evolutionary branch. Other genera of the same host group may or may not represent other evolutionary branches. Because of poor knowledge, it is still more difficult and hazardous to give any scheme for the evolution of the more unmodified eulimids, and I prefer to leave it. The attempts above, however, will support my opinion that all eulimids can be included in a single family, even though there exist vast morphological differences. NUMBER OF SPECIES OF EULIMIDAE There have been described about 1250 species of the groups here included in Eulimidae. About 425 of these names are based on fossil species. There have been described about 150 species from the North Atlantic, from the Caribbean and Mediterranean areas and northwards. A revision that I am working on presently has proved that these names are based on about 110 species, but the fauna of ( the area includes at least 260 species. The fauna of other areas is much less well known. From South America for example, only a dozen species have been described. Therefore, it can be assumed, although many of the described species are probably synonyms, that the total number of species will by far exceed the number of described species. The large number of species is not surprising when one considers the number of potential hosts (echinoderms about 6000 species). Although many eulimids are not host- specific, there are many echinoderms that are parasitized by several species of Eulimidae. PALEONTOLGICAL ASPECTS Several species of Eulima have been described from the Triassic and Jurassic periods. I have examined the descriptions of these and find it hard to support their position in Eulimidae. Cossmann (1921) also arrived at the same conclusion. Sold (1964), D’Orbigny (1842) and Holzapfel (1888) have in their treatments of the Cretaceous faunas listed typical eulimids. From this time, however, the eulimids are very poorly represented, both in number of species and specimens. In Paleocene faunas eulimids begin to become more common and in the Eocene Faunas they are represented by numerous genera (cf. Cossmann Sc Pissarro, 1904-06; Palmer, 1937). It is difficult to identify the old fossil genera with Recent ones, but there seems to be no doubts that most of the early tertiary species placed in Niso by von Koenen (1891), Cossman & Pissarro (1904), Palmer (1937) and other authors really do belong here. I have examined Eocene specimens and I am not able to separate them from modern species. Cossmann (1921) and Cossmann & Peyrot (1918) gave the earliest appearance of Niso as late Cretaceous. Cossmann (1921) also gave this early date for Eulima (by him called Subularia ). The original descriptions of e.g. Eulima clara Wade, 1926 and Niso melanoides (Leymerie, 1842) fit these genera rather well. I have not been able, to identify any other modern genera from deposits older than middle Eocene. SHELL The shell of most primitive eulimids is straight, conical, with flat whorls, a polished surface and a high spire. Many species have a more or less coloured shell, marked with brownish bands or spots on a colour-less or yellowish background. These colour patterns are usually specific for the species, but fade in empty shells. I have, however, seen them in Eocene specimens. Presence or absence of colour has sometimes been used to distinguish genera (Laseron, 1955), but I have observed several cases where species with coloured and colour-less shells belong to the same genus, judging from anatomical characters. The fchell is usually rather solid, more so than in most mesogastropods of comparable size and shape. The suture is very shallow and marked by a less transparent spiral band which constitutes that part of the whorl which is in contact with the preceding whorl. In many species the suture is so indistinct, that the lower part of the spiral band is more conspicuous than the real suture. Bartsch (1917) used the term “false suture” for this line and I have adopted his use. In most eulimids the surface of the shell looks smooth at the first glance, but when examined with a stereomicroscope and good illumination there can often be seen extremely fine spiral and/or axial striae. These are especially distinct when the light is reflected by the shell. This is not a real sculpture. SEM examination of some species with such a striation, proved that the surface was completely smooth, even at high magnification. Therefore I suppose that this striation is a refractive phenomenon, caused by the crystalline structure of the calcium carbonate. It is, however, a good taxonomical characteristic, on the species level. Fig. 22. Melanella martini (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1855), from Taiwan. Height 43 nun. Incremental scars placed in a line (marked by arrows). In some eulimids, especially Niso , but also scattered among the slender species of other genera, there is a sculpture of regularly spaced, sharp, distinct, raised axial lines. These lines run almost straight, from suture to suture. They are never present in species with inflated shells, and they should not be confused with incremental lines, which usually run parallel to the outer lip. In some species there is also a normal sculpture. Almost all eulimids have scars from earlier positions of the outer lip. These are formed by the growth pattern typical for eulimids: they grow rapidly 0.3-1 whorl and then they stay at that size for a considerable time. During this standstill in growth, the outer lip is thickened and when it starts growing again, there is left a scar marking the position and the shape of the old lip. These scars appear very regularly in some species, in others the intervals are variable. In Melanella martini (A. Adams, 1855) some specimens have the scars in a perfect line, exactly one whorl from each other, while others have them scattered (cf. Fig. 22). In some species with strongly-expanded apertures, e.g. Oceanida and Auriculigerina , these scars are very strong and may form varices or processes. One detail of taxonomic importance in many genera is the profile of the outer lip (seen from the side). In some species it is projecting (in relation to the part immediately below) at the suture, in others it is retracted and in some more or less perpendicular. Two genera have an umbilicus, Niso and Microstilifer. The umbilicus in Niso is broad and deep and penetrates the shell up to the larval shell in many species. These species also have a strong basal keel. In other species of this genus the umbilicus is more narrow and the base rounded, and some lack it completely. In those species which anatomically may be regarded as more modified, the shell is usually less solid and more inflated. When scars are present, they usually represent a change in sex. Many of the odd genera such as Bacula t Com cavibalcis, Amamibalcis etc. are still known from empty shells only, and it is not possible to say to what extent the oddness of the shells corresponds with deviations in the anatomy. Family Eulimidae Whorls flattened, suture not indented. The key is to genera. 1. Shell not conspicuously glossy; suture evident. Cythnia Shell polished; suture mostly indistinct. 2 2. Apex mucronate, with minute pointed tip. 3 Apex evenly tapering.. 5 3. Outline globose . Stilijer Outline ovate to conic. 4 4. Spire bluntly rounded, outline ovate. Hypermastus Spire cylindrical, outline conic. Mucronalia 5. Base umbilicate. Niso Base not umbilicate. .. 6 6. Outline ovate. Turveria Outline conic to slenderly tapering. 7 7. Periphery with a keel. Scalenostoma Periphery rounded, not keeled. 8 8. Slender, many-whorled; aperture elongate. Eulima Blunt, relatively few*whorled; aperture short. 9 9. Whorls inflated. Sabinella Whorls flat-sided .10 10. Inner lip smoothly appressed to body whorl. Balds Inner lip slightly elevated from body whorl. Eulimostraca -\ro C*oA\^ov vwcxak Neurosetae Moderate : Numerous (15-25) (-50) Notosetae > Neurosetae Few : Moderate (10-20) (20-30) Notosetae < Neurosetae Very numerous: Numerous ( 100+) (50-70) Notosetae Stout, curved, with transverse rows of spinules; tapering to short, blunt unidentate tips Longer, straight, with transverse rows of spinules; tapering to short, blunt tips Stout, slightly curved, with inconspicouos transverse rows of spinules Short, curved, with close-set rows of fine spinules; tapering to blunt tips Longer, straighter, more slender, a tapering to fine tips * Neurosetae Thin, with numerous transverse spinous rows; tips plumose, often with a terminal arista Thin, with numerous transverse spinous rows; tapering to slightly hooked, blunt unidentate tips Thin, with numerous transverse spinous rows; tips plumose, often with a terminal arista Long, slender, with a long region of prominent spinules; tapering to thin, deeply incised tips. Long, thicker, with prominent spinules in transverse rows; tapering to elongated smooth, sharp, unidentate tips Long, thick, with a long sub- distal region of spinules in trans¬ verse rows; tapering to slightly hooked bare unidentate tips Shorter, with a short region of spinules in transverse rows; tapering to bare hooked unidentate tips Elytra Thin, appearing smooth but covered with tiny conical microtubercles Marbled with pale brown pigment Marginal fringing papillae sparse Sort, membranous, with inconspicuous microtubercles anterior to the attachment scar Colorless or with streaks of greenish-yellow pigment Marginal fringing papillae very short Thick, mostly covered with polygonal cells, each with a central flattened or occasionally conical tubercle Amber to dark brown Marginal fringing papillae short Other features Nuchal fold absent, but posterior eyes sometimes covered by the anterior margin of the buccal segment Prostomium very white Mostly a boreal species; only one known occurrence in California Eurtoe depressa Eunoe oerstedi Eunoe senta krostomium Harmothoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair moderate Cephalic peaks prominent Harmothoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair moderate Cephalic peaks weakly developed’, blunt Harmothoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair moderate Cephalic peaks weakly developed, rounded Antennae Tentacular cirri Median; 3 pr.l. Lateral; 0.5 pr.l. Styles with scattered short papillae Basal lobes with 1-3 stout curved setae Median: 4 pr.l. Lateral: 2 pr.l. Styles with numerous long papillae and olive brown pigment Basal lobes with 1-3 stout, strongly curved setae Median: 3 pr.l. Lateral: 1.5 pr.l. Styles with numerous long papillae and brown pigment Basal lobes with bundle of 4-5 stout setae Dorsal cirri Not exceeding the neurosetae; with scattered minute papillae Extending slightly beyond the neurosetae, with numerous long papillae Extending well beyond the neurosetae; with numerous long filiform and short clavate papillae Dorsal pigmentation Pale Light brown along middorsal line Colorless to pale yellow Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae > Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (30-50) (30-50) Notosetae » Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate ( ) ( ) Notosetae * Neurosetae Numerous: Moderate (50-60) (~20) Notosetae i» Short, stout, with close-set transverse rows of spinules; tapering to short, smooth, pointed tips Longer, nearly straight, with widely spaced transverse rows of spinules encircling shaft; tapering to smooth, pointed tips Short, stout, with close-set transverse rows of spinules; tapering to blunt, rough tips Longer, nearly straight, with widely spaced transverse rows of spinules encircling shaft; tapering to blunt, rough tips Short, stout, with close-set transverse rows of spinules; tapering to short, smooth, pointed tips Longer, nearly straight, with widely spaced transverse rows of spinules encircling shaft; tapering to smooth, pointed tips Neurosetae Slightly thinner and much longer than lower notosetae, with transverse rows of coarse spinules subdistally; tapering to slightly hooked, smooth unidentate tips Similar to lower notosetae in length and thickness, with transverse rows of coarse spinules subdistally; tapering to slightly hooked, smooth unidentate tips Similar to lower notosetae in length and thickness, with transverse rows of coarse spinules subdistally; tapering to slightly hooked, smooth unidentate tips Elytra Thick, leathery, covered with numerous tiny conical microtubercles and a few larger, rounded tubercles Cream colored Marginal fringing papillae essentially lacking Thick, leathery, studded with clavate macrotubercles, each with a stellate apex Mottled brown and gray Marginal fringing papillae essentially lacking Thick, soft, covered with dendritic macrotubercles with acutely pointed branches Colorless or with irregular patches of pigment Marginal fringing papillae essentially lacking Other features <» Body dorsoventrally flattened; buccal segment with a small nuchal fold covering the posterior margin of the prostomium Apparently commensal with hermit crabs and other dacopod crustaceans Body dorsally arched; buccal segment with a small nuchal fold covering the posterior margin of the prostomium Body dorsally arched; buccal segment with a small nuchal fold covering the posterior margin of the prostomium Emergent parapodial acicula very long • Halosydna brevisetosa Halosydna johnsoni Halosydna latior Prostomium Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes moderate; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks absent Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes moderate; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks absent Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes moderate; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks absent Antennae Tentacular cirri Median: 2 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles smooth; subterminally pigmented Basal lobes with 1-3 short, slender setae Median: 1.5 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles smooth; subterminally pigmented Basal lobes with 1-3 short, slender setae Median: Lateral: Styles smooth; subterminally pigmented Basal lobes with 1-3 short, slender setae Dorsal cirri Extending well beyond the neuro¬ setae and curving up between elytra; without papillae Extending well beyond the neuosetae and curving up between the elytra; without papillae Reaching only to tips of neurosetae; without papillae Dorsal pigmentation Highly variable, with dark transverse bands and light to dark base color Variable, with dark transverse bands and light to dark base color Transverse brown bands on colorless base Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae « Neurosetae Few : Few (0-25) : (10-20) Notosetae « Neurosetae Few : Few (0-25) : (10-20) Notosetae « Neurosetae Few : Moderate (10-20) : (15-25) Notosetae Slender, short, colorless, with a few transverse serrations; tapering to blunt tips Slender, slightly longer, with numerous transverse serrations; tapering to long. Fine tips Slender, short, colorless, with a few transverse serrations; tapering to blunt tips Slender, slightly longer, with numerous transverse serrations; tapering to long, fine tips Slender, short, colorless, with a few transverse serrations; tapering to blunt tips Slender, much longer, with numerous transverse serrations; tapering to long, fine tips Neurosetae Stout, amber, with a few trans¬ verse rows of coarse spinules; tapering to pointed or blunt curved unidentate tips Stout, amber, with a few trans¬ verse rows of coarse spinules; tapering to bidentate curved tips Stout, dark amber, with a few transverse rows of coarse spinules; tapering to pointed curved unidentate tips Elytra Covered with small conical tubercles and occasional larger rounded tubercles Highly variable mottled pigmentation Marginal fringing papillae sparse, often absent. Covered with small conical tubercles Highly variable mottled pigmentation or uniformly dark Marginal fringing papillae numerous, moderately long. Covered with small conical tubercles and occasional larger rounded tubercles Highly variable solid or mottled pigmentation Marginal fringing papillae numerous, moderately long. Other features In commensal forms, 1-2 superior notosetae thickened and darker in color. Body very broad and dorso- ventrally flattened. Nephridial papillae three times longer than wide. Harmothoe extenuata Harmothoe fragilis Harmothoe hirsuta fc'rostomium Harmothoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks prominent Harmothoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks prominent Harmothoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks prominent Antennae Tentacular cirri Median; 2 pr.l. Lateral; 1 pr.l. Styles with scattered short clavate papillae Basal lobes with 1-2 stout setae Median; 2 pr.l. Lateral; 0.5 pr.l. Styles with scattered short clavate papillae Basal lobes with i-3 stout setae Median: 2 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles with numerous long filiform papillae Basal lobes with 1-3 stout setae Dorsal cirri Extending slightly beyond the tips of the neurosetae; with numerous short papillae Extending slightly beyond the tips of the neurosetae; with scattered short papillae Extending well beyond the tips of the neurosetae; with numerous long filiform papillae Dorsal pigmentation Pale or with patches of brown pigment, especially around the cirrophores and elytrophores Pale to dark brown with 2 thin transverse white stripes per setiger Pale to dusky with patches of brown pigment around the cirro¬ phores and elytrophores Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae = Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (20-30) : (20-30) Notosetae > Neurosetae Moderate ; Moderate (20-30) ; (20-30) Notosetae > Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (20-30) : (35-50) Notosetae Stout, curved, with numerous transverse rows of spinules; tapering to blunt points Longer, slightly thinner and less curved, with transverse rows of spinules; tapering to pointed tips Stout, curved, with numerous transverse rows of spinules; tapering to blunt, sculptured points Longer, slightly thinner and less curved, with transverse rows of spinules; tapering to pointed tips Stout, curved, with numerous transverse rows of spinules; tapering to blunt points Longer, slightly thinner and less curved, with transverse rows of spinules; tapering to pointed tips Neurosetae Slender, with long subdistal spinous region; tapering to smooth, bare unidentate tips Thicker, with short subdistally inflated spinous region; tapering to smooth, hooked tips with a small secondary tooth Shorter; tapering to smooth, bare, unidentate points Slender, with long subdistal spinous region; tapering to finely bidentate tips Thicker, with short subdistally inflated spinous region; tapering to smooth, hooked tips with a slender secondary tooth Shorter; tapering to smooth, bare, unidnetate points Slender, with long subdistal spinous region; tapering to smooth, bare, unidentate tips Thicker, with short subdistally inflated spinous region; tapering to long, bare, slightly hooked tips with a remote incision forming a small secondary tooth Shorter; tapering to smooth, bare, unidentate points Elytra Surface with numerous conical or bifid microtubercles and a few globular to elongated macro¬ tubercles that are constricted at the attachment point Colorless, tan, or mottled with brown pigment; macrotubercles usually dark brown Marginal fringing papillae short Surface with numerous conical or multibranched microtubercles, scattered filiform papillar, and a few large blister-like macro- tubercles near the posterior border Pale, with darker tan on the large macrotubercles Marginal fringing papillae thick, long Surface in part divided into polygonal cells, each with a multipronged macro tubercle in the center Pale or with patches of brown pigment Marginal fringing papillae thick, long Other features Harmothoe imbricata Harmothoe multisetosa Prostomium Harmothoid Eyes large; anterior pair displaced forward beneath cephalic peaks Cephalic peaks prominent Harmothoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks prominent Antennae Tentacular cirri Median: 3 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles with scattered short clavate papillae Basal lobes with 1-3 stout setae Median: 3 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles with numerous filiform papillae Basal lobes with 1-3 stout setae Dorsal cirri Extending slightly beyond the tips of the neurosetae; with scattered short papillae Extending well beyond the tips of the neurosetae; with scattered filiform papillae Dorsal pigmentation Mottled, with darker areas around the cirrophores and elytrophores Dark brown, with 2 thin transverse white stripes per setiger Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae > Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (20-30) : (30-40) Notosetae = Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (20-40) : (20-40) Notosetae Stout, curved, with transverse rows of spinules; tapering to blunt points Longer, slightly thinner and less curved, with transverse rows of spinules: tapering to pointed tips Stout, curved, with transverse rows of spinules; tapering to blunt points Longer, slightly thinner and less curved, with transverse rows of spinules; tapering to pointed tips Neurosetae Slender, with long subdistal spinous region; tapering to smooth, bare, unidentate tips Thicker, with short subdistally inflated spinous region; tapering to smooth, hooked tips with a small secondary tooth Shorter, more slender; tapering to smooth, bare, unidentate points Slender, with long subdistal spinous region; tapering to smooth, bare, unidentate tips Thicker, with short subdistally inflated spinous region; tapering to smooth, hooked tips with a small secondary tooth Shorter, more slender; tapering to smooth, bare, unidentate points Elytra Thick, with numerous blunt microtubercles, scattered papillae, and globular macrotubercles (larger specimens only) Great variability in both pigment pattern and color, with solid or mottled designs occurring in white, light tan, red, green, brown, gray, and black Marginal fringing papillae short, sparse Thin, with blunt or bifid microtubercles, thomlike curved spines, and occasional large, blister-like macrotubercles Uniformly tan to gray, or mottled with brown pigment Marginal fringing papillae short Other features Hesperonoe adventor Hesperonoe complanata Hesperonoe laevis W’rostomium Harmothoid Eyes moderate; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks small Harmothoid Eyes fairly small Cephalic peaks prominent Harmothoid Eyes moderate; posterior pair slightly smaller Cephalic peaks prominent Antennae Tentacular cirri Median; 2 pr.l. Lateral; 1 pr.l. Styles with minute scattered papillae Basal lobes without setae, but with a digitiform acicular lobe Median: 2 pr.l. Lateral: 0.5 pr.l. Styles with minute scattered papillae Basal lobes without setae, but with a digitiform acicular lobe Median: 2 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles with minute scattered papillae Basal lobes without setae, but with a digitiform acicular lobe Dorsal cirri Extending far beyond neurosetae; with scattered minute clavate papillae Extending far beyond neurosetae; with scattered minute clavate papillae Extending far beyond neurosetae; with scattered minute clavate papillae Dorsal pigmentation Broad gray-green transverse bands Pale, with small amounts of brown pigment at bases of the parapodia Pale Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae > Neurosetae Numerous : Numerous (70- 80) : (70- 80) Notosetae > Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (15-25) : (20-30) Notosetae > Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (15-25) : (20-30) Notosetae Stout, with scarcely discemable transverse striations; tapering to blunt tips Thinner, longer, tapering to fine capillary tips Stout, with scarcely discemable transverse striations; tapering to blunt tips Thinner, longer, tapering to fine capillary tips Stout, with scarcely discemable transverse striations; tapering to blunt tips Thinner, longer, tapering to fine capillary tips Neurosetae Slender, with long, coarsely serrated region tapering to very fine unidentate tips Thicker, with short subdistal swollen region having numerous transverse rows of coarse spinules; tapering to fine smooth unidentate tips Slender, with long, coarsely serrated region tapering to very fine unidentate tips Thicker, with short subdistal swollen region having numerous transverse rows of coarse spinules; tapering to fine smooth unidentate tips Slender, with long, coarsely serrated region tapering to very fine unidentate tips Thicker, with short subdistal swollen region having few or no transverse rows of coarse spinules: tapering to fine smooth unidentate tips Elytra Thin, with a few scattered microtubercles Crescent of gray pigment on posterior half Marginal fringing papillae sparse Thin, translucent, with samll conical microtubercles scattered across the surface Pale and without pigment Marginal fringing papillae sparse Thin, smooth excepth for a few inconspicuous microtubercles anterior to the attachment scar Crescent of gray pigment on posterior half Marginal fringing papillae sparse Other features Grayish-green in life Commensal with the echiuroid Urechis caupo Bright yellowish-orange in life Commensal with the ghost shrimp Notopodial lobe nearly as large as the neuropodial lobe in the first setiger; thereafter much smaller Commensal with the echiuroid Listriolobus pelodes Hololepida magna Lepidonopsis humilis Thormora johnstoni Prostomium Arctonoid Both pairs very large, with distinct lenses Cephalic peaks absent Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes moderate; posterior pair small Cephalic peaks absent Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair moderate Cephalic peaks absent Antennae Tentacular cirri Median: 4.5 pr.l Lateral: 3.5 pr.l Styles without papillae Basal lobes without setae Median: 1.5 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles without papillae Basal lobes with 1-2 delicate setae Median: 3 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles without papillae Basal lobes with 1-2 long setae Dorsal cirri Extending to the tips of the neurosetae; without papillae Extending slightly beyond the neurosetae; without papillae Not extending beyond the neurosetae; without papillae Dorsal pigmentation Reddish-brown Colorless Chestnut brown Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae < Neurosetae Few : Moderate (10-15) (40-50) Notosetae < Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate ( ) (~ 24) Notosetae < Neurosetae Numerous : Moderate ( ) (~ 20) Notosetae Long, straight, with barely discemable marginal serrations; tapering to capillary tips Stout, slender, with numerous tranverse rows of fine spinules; tapering to blunt tips Longer, slender, with numerous transverse rows of fine spinules; tapering to capillary tips Long, slender, smooth, hastate; tapering to pointed tips Shorter, thicker, curved, with close-set transverse rows of spinules; tapering to bare tips Neurosetae Slender, long, with marginal serrations; tapering to fine unidentate tips Shorter, coarser, with spinules in transverse rows; tapering to hooked, bifid tips Stout, with coarse spinules in a few subdistal rows; tapering to slightly hooked tips with a small secondary tooth Stout, with coarse spinules in a few subdistal rows; tapering to bare, slightly hooked unidentate tips Elytra Large, soft, gelatinous, with inconspicuous microtubercles scattered across the surface Tinged with reddish brown Marginal fringing papillae absent Large, firmly attached, with scattered smooth to roughened rounded microtubercles of various sizes Tan, with mottled brown pigment patches Marginal fringing papillae long Large, covered with numerous rounded microtubercles and scattered larger, acutely conical tubercles Mottled with brown and black pigment Marginal fringing papillae absent Other features Buccal segment with a broad nuchal fold extending over the posterior margin of the prostomium Notosetae absent in the first few se tigers Elytra with a small notch on the anterior margin Buccal segment with two sub- triangular nuchal folds extending over the posterior margin of the prostomium Distal margins of notopodia and neuropodia with fringes of filiform papillae Lepidonotus leius Lepidonotus setosior Lepidonotus squamatus ^rostomium Lepidonotoid Both pairs of eyes large Cephalic peaks absent Lepidonotoid Anterior pair of eyes displaced onto lateral margins of the prostornium Cephalic peaks absent Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes moderate; posterior pair smaller Cephalic peaks absent Antennae Tentacular cirri Median: Lateral: Basal lobes with 2 prominent setae Median: 1 pr.l Lateral: 0.75 pr.l Median: 2 pr.l. Lateral: 1.5 pr.l. Styles without papillae Basal lobes with 2-3 spinose setae Dorsal cirri Extending well beyond the neurosetae; without papillae Dorsal pigmentation Colorless Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae < Neurosetae Moderate : ( ) ( ) Notosetae < Neurosetae Numerous : ( ) ( ) Notosetae < Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (20-30) (15-25) Notosetae Thin, with numerous spinous rows; tapering to very fine tips Long, thin, with numerous spinous rows; tapering to sharp tips Short, curved, with numerous transverse rows of spinules; tapering to bare, blunt tips tips Longer, slightly thinner, with numerous spinous rows; tapering to very fine tips neurosetae Stout, with coarse subdistal spinules arranged in a few transverse rows; tapering to long, smooth, slightly hooked unidentate tips Stout, with coarse subdistal spinules arranged in a few transverse rows; tapering to long, smooth, slightly hooked unidentate tips Elytra Thin, dehiscent, smooth or with a few scattered microtubercles Light brown Marginal fringing papillae absent Surface with numerous low rounded tubercles, and scattered high, smooth, conical tubercles Mottled with gray and black Marginal fringing papillae absent Large, firmly attached, surface studded with numerous crowded round to pointed tubercles of various sizes; larger tubecles with sculpted surface Color variable, from reddish yellow through brown to black Marginal fringing papillae thick, long Other features Tips of notosetae reaching to about the middle of the neurosetae; setae light amber in color. Notosetae very long, with the tips reaching nearly to the ends of the neurosetae: setae dark amber in color. Tips of notosetae barely suipassing the ends of the neuropodia; setae light amber in color. Lepidasthenia berkeleyae Lepidasthenia gigas Lepidasthenia longicirrata Prostomium Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair moderate Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes moderate; posterior pair small Lepidonotoid Anterior eyes large; posterior pair moderate Antennae Tentacular cirri Median; 3 pr.l. Lateral: 1.5 pr.l. Styles without papillae Basal lobes achaetous, but with a digitiform acicular lobe Median: Lateral: Styles without papillae Basal lobes achaetous, but with a digitiform acicular lobe Median: 4.5 pr.l Lateral: 2.5 pr.l Styles without papillae Basal lobes achaetous, but with a digitiform acicular lobe Dorsal cirri Extending slightly beyond the neurosetae; without papillae Not exceeding the neurosetae; without papillae Extending slightly beyond the neurosetae; without papillae Dorsal pigmentation Colorless or with wide transverse bands of brown pigment Light yellow to dark reddish Wide bands of light brown pigment Setal diameter Setal counts Lacking ; Moderate (0) (15-25) Lacking : Few (0) (10-15) Lacking : Moderate (0) (20-30) Notosetae Notosetae absent Notosetae absent Notosetae absent Neurosetae Long, slender, with long region of transverse rows of spinules; tapering to fine knobbed tips Shorter, slightly stouter, with short subdistal region of trans¬ verse spinous rows extending nearly to end; tapering to blunt bifid tips Long, thick, dark, with short region of fine transverse spinous . rows; tapering to bare, blunt unidentate or bifid tips More slender, lighter colored, with short region of coarse transverse spinous rows; tapering to bare bifid tips Long, slender, with long region of transverse rows of spinules; tapering to fine knobbed tips Shorter, slightly stouter, with short subdistal region of trans¬ verse spinous rows; tapering to bare bifid tips Short, slender, with short spinous region; tapering to minutely bifid or unidentate tips Elytra Thin, translucent, smooth, leaving middorsum uncovered Dark pigment concentrated around the elytraphore and extending toward the middorsum Marginal fringing papillae essentially lacking Thin, translucent, smooth, leaving middorsum uncovered Mottled with gray pigment Marginal fringing papillae essentially lacking Thin, translucent, smooth, nearly covering the dorsum Daric pigment concentrated around the elytraphore and extending toward the middorsum Marginal fringing papillae essentially lacking Other features Notopodia short Neuropodia, with rounded pre- and postsetal lobes separated by a deep dorsal cleft Secondary tooth on the median and inferior neurosetae is sometimes screened by the subterminal spinules Reported in association with large maldanid tubes Notopodia short. Neuropodia with rounded pre- and postsetal lobes separated by a deep dorsal cleft Reported in association with large terebellid tubes Notopodia elongate. Neuropodia with rounded pre- and postsetal lobes separated by a deep dorsal cleft Proximal ventral margins of the neuropodia with a fringe of short globular papillae Free-living Malmgreniella baschi Malmgreniella macginitiei Malmgreniella nig ralb a F --— - - Prostomium Harmothoid Harmothoid Harmothoid Anterior eyes moderate, located ventrolaterally; posterior pair smaller Anterior eyes moderate, located dorsolaterally; posterior pair smaller Anterior eyes moderate, located ventrolaterally; posterior pair smaller Anterior lobes produced into indistinct cephalic peaks Anterior lobes produced into distinct, acute cephalic peaks Anterior lobes truncate; cephalic peaks absent Antennae Tentacular cirri Median: 2 pr.l. Lateral: 0.5 pr.l. Styles with occasional minute clavate papillae Basal lobes with 0-2 stout, curved setae Median; 1.5 pr.l. Lateral: 0.5 pr.l Styles with occasional minute clavate papillae Basal lobes with 1-2 stout, curved setae Median: 1.5 pf.l. Lateral: 0.5 pr.l Styles with occasional minute clavate papillae Basal lobes with 0-2 stout, curved setae Dorsal cirri Extending to tips of neurosetae; with scattered clavate papillae Extending to tips of neurosetae; with scattered clavate papillae Extending to tips of neurosetae; with scattered clavate papillae Dorsal pigmentation Without pigment in anterior se tigers Colorless to dusky with dark transverse bands Dusky with dark transverse bands in median and posterior setigers Setal diameter Notosetae « Neurosetae Notosetae > Neurosetae Notosetae - Neurosetae Setal counts Moderate : Moderate (35-50) (25-35) Moderate : Moderate (30-40) (30-40) Moderate : Moderate (15-25) (30-45) Notosetae Curved, with longitudinal striations and 2 longitudinal rows of minute spinules; tapering to pointed tips Curved, with longitudinal striations and 2 longitudinal rows of minute spinules; tapering to pointed tips Curved, with longitudinal striations and 2 longitudinal rows of minute spinules; tapering to pointed tips Neurosetae Long, with moderate distal region of prominent spinules; tapering to pointed, unidentate tips Long, slightly more slender, with moderate distal region of prominent spinules; tapering to pointed or minutely bifid tips Long, with moderate distal region of prominent spinules; tapering to round, blunt unidentate or minutely bifid tips Long, with short inflated spinous region; tapring to bare hooked tips with only occasional indistinct indications of a secondary tooth Long, with short inflated spinous region; tapering to hooked bifid tips with a short secondary tooth Shorter; tapering to slightly hooked, unidentate tips Long, with short inflated spinous region; tapering to hooked bifid tips with a distinct secondary tooth Shorter, tapering to slightly hooked, unidentate or bifid tips Elytra Thin, smooth except for a patch of rounded microtubercles anterior to the attachment scar Thin, smooth except for a patch of rounded microtubercles anterior to the attachment scar Thin, smooth except for a patch of rounded microtubercles anterior to the attachment scar Mottled dark pigment over the attachment scar and in a C-shaped band Mottled dark pigment over the attachment scar and in a C-shaped band Black pigment over attachment scar and in a complete or nearly complete ring Border with scattered micro¬ papillae Border with scattered micro- papillae Border with scattered micro¬ papillae Other features Reported from the shallow shelf, 8-30 meters, as a commensal with ophiuroids Elytra often with both dark surface pigment and internal granules of reddish-brown pigment Surface pigment often distributed in compartments Reported from the shallow shelf, 0-60 meters, as a commensal with ophiuroids and an inhabitant of polychaete and shrimp burrows Elytral surface with distinct reticular areas Neuropodial supraacicular lobe distinctly demarcated from neuropodium Reported from the shallow shelf, 0-40 meters, as a commensal with holothouroids Malmgreniella sanpedroensis Malmgreniella scriptoria Prostomium Harmothoid Anterior eyes moderate, located ventrolaterally; posterior pair smaller Anterior lobes truncate; cephalic peaks absent Harmothoid Anterior eyes small, located dorsolaterally; posterior pair small Anterior lobes truncate; cephalic peaks absent Antennae Tentacular cirri Median: 1 pr.l. Lateral; 0.5 pr.l. Styles with occasional minute clavate papillae Basal lobes with 2-10 stout, curved setae Median: 1.5 pr.l. Lateral: 0.5 pr.l Styles with occasional minute clavate papillae Basal lobes with 0-2 stout, curved setae Dorsal cirri Extending to tips of neurosetae; with scattered clavate papillae Extending well beyond tips of neurosetae; with scattered clavate papillae Dorsal pigmentation Colorless Colorless to dusky Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae > Neurosetae Moderate : Moderate (25-40) (25-40) Notosetae > Neurosetae Few : Moderate (10-25) (15-30) Notosetae Curved, with longitudinal striations and 2 longitudinal rows of minute spinules; tapering to pointed tips Curved, with longitudinal striations and 2 longitudinal rows of minute spinules; tapering to pointed tips Neurosetae Long, with moderate distal region of prominent spinules; tapering to shaiply pointed unidentate tips Long, with short inflated spinous region; tapering to hooked bifid tips with a distinct secondary tooth Shorter; tapering to slightly hooked, unidentate tips Long, with moderate distal region of prominent spinules; tapering to unidentate or bifid tips Long, with short inflated spinous region; tapering to hooked bifid tips with a short, prominent secondary tooth Shorter; tapering to slightly hooked, unidentate or bifid tips Elytra Thin, smooth except for a patch of rounded microtubercles anterior to the attachment scar Dark brown pigment over the attachment scar and in a C-shaped band Border with scattered micro- papillae Thin, smooth except for a patch of rounded microtubercles anterior to the attachment scar Dark brown pigment over the attachment scar and in a C-shaped band Border with scattered micro¬ papillae Other features Reported from upper slope depths, at 400 meters Reported from the middle and outer shelf, 40+ meters, as a commensal with the heart urchin Brisaster latifrons Subadyte mexicana Tenonia priops k’rostomium Harmothoid Eyes large, reddish Cephalic peaks prominent Harmothoid Both pairs very large; anterior pair on anteroventral margin Cephalic peaks weakly developed Antennae Tentacular cirri Median: 3 pr.l. Lateral: 1 pr.l. Styles with scattered long papillae Basal lobes occasionally with 1-2 curved setae Median: 2 pr.l. Lateral: 0.5 pr.l. Styles without papillae Basal lobes without setae Dorsal cirri Extending beyond the tips of the neurosetae, with scattered papillae Extending well beyond the tips of the neurosetae, without papillae Dorsal pigmentation Dusky, tending to concentrate in 2 longitudinal bands above the cirrophores and elytrophores Distinctive wide and narrow transverse bars of dark pigment; pigment bars often interrupted Setal diameter Setal counts Notosetae > Neurosetae Few : Numerous (10-25) (40-60) Notosetae < Neurosetae Moderate : Numerous (30-40) (40-60) Notosetae Thick, curved, distally with spinose transverse bracts becoming progressively smaller toward the blunt, notched tips Slender, curved, with fine serrations; tapering to capillary tips Slander, longer, straight, with fine serrations; tapering to capillary tips Neurosetae Long, coarsely serrated above a large basal cusp; tapering to notched tips Longer, with indistinct serrations above a large basal cusp; tapering to pointed unidentate tips Shorter, more slender, with small distinct serrations above a large basal cusp; tapering to pointed unidentate tips Slender, long, straight, with fine serrations; tapering to capillary tips Slightly thicker, with coarse transverse serrations; tapering to bare bifid tips - Elytra Thin, translucent, with scattered papillae on the surface Pigment absent Marginal fringing papillae short, sparse Thin, translucent, nearly smooth except for occasional inconspicuous microtubercles Brown pigment around the attachment scar Marginal fringing papillae absent Other features Buccal segment with small nuchal fold covering the posterior margin of the prostomium Eye pigments are subject to fading, and are inconspicuous at times Buccal segment with small nuchal fold covering the posterior margin of the prostomium Elytra do not cover the middorsum in the anterior setigers