May, 1996 SCAMIT Newsletter voi. 15, no.i

NEXT MEETING:

Revisions to Prosobranch Gastropods

GUEST SPEAKER:

Dr. James H. McLean

DATE:

10 June 1996

TIME:

0930-1600 (Dr. McLean will join us in the afternoon)

LOCATION:

Times-Mirror Room, Natural History Museum of Los
Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles

TONE 10 MEETING

The cystiscid Persicula interruptolineata
(from Coovert and Coovert 1995)

While mainly addressing the new Prosobranch
gastropod review by Dr. Jim McLean in the
Taxonomic Atlas of the Santa Maria Basin and
Western Santa Barbara Channel, the June 10th
meeting will also include an introduction to some
of the proposed changes in higher classification
of gastropods. SCAMIT is currently using a
Tl traditional 1 ' classification. Over the past two
decades a number of new findings have lead to
significant rearrangements of the gastropods,
some of which are now very widely (if not
universally) considered to be correct. A number
of these changes were included by Dr. McLean
in his work, and this is a convenient time for us
to begin to consider a revised classification.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for fornial taxonomic purposes.

May, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 1

NEW LITERATURE

Volume 8- (part 1 of the Mollusca) of the MMS
Taxonomic Atlas has been published and
members with subscriptions should be receiving
their copies soon, if not already.

This volume contains two sections: The
Prosobranchia (J. H. McLean) and The
Opisthobranchia (T. M. Gosliner). We will be
discussing the first of these at the June Meeting
(see above), but will reserve the second for our
second meeting on Cephalaspidea later this year,
with Dr. Gosliner as guest speaker. Although
not a full treatment (Dr. McLean excluded
discussion of the pyramidellids) the prosobranch
section is full of new information, and provides
the first illustrations of a number of species
described by Dali in the early years of this
century. If you have any interest in this volume
I recommend you attend the June meeting, where
Dr. McLean will be in attendance to answer any
questions we have on this revisionary review.

A major revision of the margined id gastropods
was also received recently (Coovert and Coovert
1995). This formed two numbers of the journal
The Nautilus last year and eovers all supra-
specific taxonomy of the Marginellidae, including
the raising of the subfamily Cystiscinae to full
family status as the Cystiscidae. This extremely
detailed analysis draws together all the known
information on these animals, which have often
been described only from shells. It replaces the
past system (based nearly exclusively on shells)
with one based on a combination of shell, radula,
and soft anatomical characters. Significant
changes to the existing system result.

Late 1995 also produced an interesting article on
the feeding of Octopus rubescens on euphausid
shrimp (Laidig et al 1995). The observations of
this behavior were made in situ with an ROV off
Santa Cruz, California. The authors provide a
useful summary of previous observational reports
of Octopus feeding methods and prey.

Volume 2(2) of Amphipacifica has also been
published. As in past issues it consists of a
limited number of large monographic reviews.
This issue contains major papers on systematics
of amphipods in the group of genera including
Melita in Family Melitidae (Jarrett and Bousfield
1996), and on species in the generic complexes
around Monoculodes and Synchelidium in the
Family Oedicerotidae (Bousfield and Chevrier
1996). Each of these is a comprehensive review
of the groups in the north-east Pacific from mid-
California northward, but may not address
species present in the Southern California Bight.
In all cases new genera are erected, generic
limits of existing genera are re-defined, new
species are proposed and efforts are made to
establish a coherent approach to taxonomy of the
groups in question.

Some problems have been found with the latter
paper, and we suggest that application of the new
genera erected in it be postponed until the
authors have an opportunity to rectify them in
print. It will take some time for all the proposed
changes to be evaluated, and related to the
southern California fauna. Efforts are underway
(reexamination of J. L. Barnard's MS
Synchelidium species in light of the character
states introduced by Bousfield and Chevrier, for
instance) at this time, and will be presented at a
future meeting. We request that any amphipod
workers evaluating these new monographs share
their findings and opinions with others through
the Newsletter.

In a continuation of research on the taxonomy of
the nemerteans by European investigations Envall
(1996) described a new Ototyphlonemerte s and
reviewed the genus. Ototyphlonemertes spiralis
has been recorded locally, and these records can
now be reevaluated based on more complete
descriptive information

NEWSLETTER SUGGESTIONS

At the May meeting the cost of publishing the
SCAMIT newsletter was addressed. As reported

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May, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 1

in last month’s newsletter (Vol. 14 No. 12) the
costs associated with publishing the newsletter
(printing, postage, and supplies) have increased
substantially due to more lengthy newsletters in
the last 2 years. This past year the cost of
producing the newsletter and the 2nd edition of
the Taxonomic Listing was approximately
$4,000, which was the major expense SCAMIT
incurred in its 1995-96 fiscal year. Membership
dues in the past have been able to offset this
expense, but this year at approx. $1500 didn’t
even cover half the expense. It is clear that
SCAMIT needs to find a way to increase our
income or decrease our expenses. The members
present at the meeting decided that cutting down
on the length of the newsletter was not the
answer. However, several suggestions were
made. They are:

1. Raise membership dues. Members present
felt this should be held as a last resort.

2. Solicit past supporters (Arco, Chevron, and
Texaco, that we routinely credit in the
newsletter) for a yearly donation or grant to
cover the cost of the newsletter and/or the cost of
the future editions of the Taxonomic Listing.

3. Put the newsletter on-line to save not only
printing and stationery supply costs, but postage
as well. (Not to mention trees.) The major
disadvantage to this solution is then why would
anyone become a member if they could get our
information for free. It was even suggested that
SCAMIT could have its own home page, perhaps
thru the Natural History Museum. This,
however, presents the problem of finding a
volunteer to manage and update the page. As
usual, every solution has its own set of
problems.

This newsletter expense problem will be
addressed at an executive committee meeting
later this year. Until then, the SCAMIT officers
welcome (and even plead for) your suggestions,
comments, and opinions. Please feel free to
contact any of them by phone, fax, e-mail, and
even the old-fashioned way, letter.

CORRECTIONS

A few corrections to past newsletters were noted
at the last meeting. The header on all pages
subsequent to the first one of the April newsletter
(Vol. 14 No. 12) mistakenly reads February,

1996 Vol. 14 No. 10. The newsletter staff
regrets this error because the whole purpose of
adding the header in the first place was to make
it convenient to refer to any page in the
newsletter even if its pages are separated. It has
also been suggested that the date and volume of
the newsletter be added to all handouts that are
attached, not just voucher sheets, and so we have
begun this practice for this issue. We always
welcome any suggestions (and even constructive
criticisms) on ways to improve the quality
of the newsletter.

An error in content was made in the March
newsletter (Vol. 14 No. 11) on page 4, Larry
Lovell’s comment on where interramal cirri
begin in Nephtys cornuta was wrongly
interpreted. It should read parapodia of th q first
setiger are uniramous, reduced in size and
directed forward. For this reason, they are
sometimes missed when counting setigers to
determine if interramal cirri begin on 5 or 6,

NEW Paramunna

During examination of materials collected by Dr.
Eric Vetter of Scripps a new isopod of the genus
Paramunna was encountered. The sample in
which it was found was taken off Del Mar at
100m depth in relatively coarse sediments. The
animal thus qualifies as a member of the off¬
shore coarse sediment "Shelf-Break" community.
It is easily distinguished from other small munnid
type asellote isopods from our area by the
following characteristics:

B^from all asellotes except Paramunna
quadratifrons by the serrate (or dentate) lateral
margins of the pereonal segments.

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^from Paramunna quadratifrons by a
rounded granulate frons ("forehead”) and two
granulate cephalic tubercles on the head over the
insertion of the antennae. Denticles or teeth are
present only on the basal 2/3 of the pleotelson,
not continuous as in P. quadratifrons.

These are very small animals (adult at slightly
over 1mm) so they are easy to miss. Those
sampling in the appropriate habitat are enjoined
to keep their eyes open for them. Additional
specimens would be wonderful, although I
currently have enough for an adequate
description of this new form, and will be
working on it in the near future.

- Don Cadien

SCAS MEETING

The annual meeting of the Southern California
Academy of Sciences was held May 3-4 at
Loyola Marymount University in Westchester.

A session entitled "Regional Marine Monitoring
of the Southern California Bight" was held on the
3rd. It dealt with the preliminary results of the
Southern California Bight Pilot Project, offering
presentations on the Project as a whole, on the
design and implementation of a regional
database, the results of the SCBPP trawling
program, and experiences in other regional
programs in San Francisco and off-shore
(CalCOFI). Several papers also addressed large-
scale monitoring of kelp, a subject not addressed
in the SCBPP. Although SCAMIT was not
directly involved in this session, a number of
SCAMIT members were, and gave informative
and well-received presentations. All those
involved deserve applause and the appreciation of
those of us who enjoyed their efforts from the
audience.

Those who were not able to attend missed a
priceless comment by Chairperson Bob Grove of
Southern California Edison (and SCAS) which
cannot effectively be repeated out of context
here. Sorry, there are things you just can’t get
by reading the abstracts!

MINUTES FROM MAY 13-14 MEETINGS
Day One (May 13) -

The guest speaker was Dr. Danny Eibye-
Jacobsen from the Zoological Museum in
Copenhagen. When Dr. Eibye-Jacobsen revised
the phyllodocid polychaete genus Eumida in 1991
he had not examined much Californian material.
He recently had the opportunity to examine a
large amount of material from the Natural
History Museum and presented his findings at
this meeting, Included with this newsletter is a
set of handouts that Danny distributed to
members at the meeting.

Three species of Eumida have been reported
from California, Eumida longicornuta , Eumida
sanguinea , and Eumida tubiformis by Hartman
(1936). Dr. Eibye-Jacobsen has not seen any
specimens from California that fit the description
of E . sanguinea. The MMS survey of the Santa
Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel
did not yield any specimens of E. sanguinea
either as reported by Blake (1994). The material
that Danny examined from the Natural History
Museum only contained specimens of E.
longicornuta and E. tubiformis , which are the
two species that have been the most difficult to
distinguish between.

The main diagnostic characteristics of the genus
Eumida are the presence of 5 antennae on the
prostomium (4 frontal and 1 median), a large
proboscis with oral papillae on the distal end that
are each adorned with rows of micropapillae, and
the large leaf-like dorsal cirri, for which the
family is named. However, there are not very
many distinct characteristics for differentiating
between species of Eumida. While the genus
Eumida has distinct setae, with small denticles on
the rostrum of the shaft, they are not species
specific, Most of the useful information
separating species relates to the shape and size of
structures such as antennae, proboscis,
tentacular, dorsal, ventral, and anal cirri, all of
which are highly dependant on the method of
fixation and preservation.

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Phyllodocids in general don’t always fix well
because of all the mucous they secrete to protect
them from predation. Danny uses magnesium
chloride as a relaxant before fixing his
specimens. This helps provide specimens in
optimum condition for identification. He also
cautioned members about speciating juveniles due
to the many growth related changes (2mm in size
is too small) I

The diagnostic characters that Danny has used in
distinguishing between Eumida species are:

1) Position of median antenna - not very
consistent due to methods of fixation.

2) Neuropodial morphology - bilobate
neuropodia, but not always distinct.

Supraacicular lobe is larger than subacicular
lobe.

3) Shape of the dorsal cirri - most consistent
character. The anterior dorsal cirri are
asymmetrical with either the dorsal or ventral
margin longer.

Dr. Eibye-Jacobsen showed us several slides of
some European phyllodocids and then slides of
Eumida sanguinea , which has been reported from
all over the world and originally described from
Denmark (0rsted, 1843)* The original type
specimens were never deposited at the Zoological
Museum of Copenhagen, but drawings of the
types were and we saw slides that were taken of
them. The name "sanguinea" means blood-red,
however, the drawings illustrated a salmon-
colored worm. Also, Danny has never seen any
E . sanguinea worms that are blood-red in color.
For his revision of Eumida (1991) Danny
described a neotype fitting the description of E.
sanguinea from the same location in Denmark.
The neotype had large, clear dark-red eyes and
ventral cirri on segment 2 that were flattened in
shape. Danny’s revision reduced the geographic
distribution of E, sanguinea to both sides of the
North Atlantic, which would include Greenland
and the east coast of the U.S., eastern Russia and
Japan.

After lunch we examined specimens of Eumida
tubiformis and Eumida longicornuta and Dr.
Eibye-Jacobsen pointed out their diagnostic
features.

Eumida tubiformis-

This is a deep water species with relatively
large eyes. However, the large eyes should not
be used as a diagnostic character because
sometimes damage to the eye cup causes the
pigment to leak out and the eye may look larger
than it is, or the pigment may be diffused so it
looks lighter in color. E. tubiformis has
elongated presetal neuropodial lobes, which
differs from E. longicornuta’s bluntly rounded
neuropodial lobes. E . tubiformis has
asymmetrical anterior dorsal cirri with a longer
dorsal margin. The dorsal cirri gradually
become more symmetrical by midbody and
broader than long. Danny commented that if a
typical shaped dorsal cirrus (fig. 1A and B of his
handouts) could not be found on a specimen then
it is probably not E . tubiformis . Danny also
cautioned members to keep track of which side is
the dorsal margin and which is the ventral if a
dorsal cirrus is removed from a specimen.

Eumida longicornuta -

The name 'longicornuta" means long
antennae and the type specimens have very long
uncharacteristic antennae. Generally, the length
of the antennae are not remarkable. Dorsal cirri
are also asymmetrical, but it is the ventral
margin that is longer. The asymmetrical dorsal
cirri should be examined from segment 20 - 30
since the cirri become more symmetrical farther
back on the body. (Segment 25 is a good
segment to examine for purposes of consistency.)
The asymmetrical dorsal cirri are also drawn out
into an acute tip for most of the length of the
worm. This is very different than E. tubiformis,
which has a much larger angle at the tip. Two
color morphs appear to exist in this species, but
many intermediate variations have also been
seen. Shallower water specimens of E.
longicornuta tend to have a uniform brown
pigment with lighter antennae and cirri and red
eyes, similar in coloration to E . tubiformis . The

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other color morph has a dark area on the
prostomium posterior to the frontal antennae and
in front of the eyes and a brown transverse band
on each segment with dark brown/black eyes.
There may also be a central pigment spot on
each dorsal cirrus. There is no pigment band on
segment 2, like that illustrated by Blake in vol. 4
of the MMS atlas. Danny examined 50
specimens of this species and only found one
with a slight pigment band on segment 2. This
color morph may also have a superficial layer of
small greenish-black dots over the pigmentation.
This striped color morph is generally seen in
deeper water animals.

Dr. Eibye-Jacobsen also had a few comments to
make about the physiology and ecology of
phyllodocids in general. The dorsal cirri of
phyllodocids have no blood vessels in them so
they can not act as gill structures, but they do
have the mucous glands located here. As
mentioned earlier, the mucous helps deter
predation. These worms also have bands of cilia
down their bodies that help push water along
their bodies, where the dorsal cirri act similar to
the scales of polynoids.

Phyllodocids are mainly carnivorous, but also
opportunistic. If they find a dead or dying
animal they will eat it. Phyllodocids reproduce
by pseudocopulation where they lie next to each
other and release their gametes into the water
and fertilization is instantaneous. Generally, this
occurs on the bottom, but it may also occur in
the water column during periods of swarming.

Day Two (May 14) -

The second day’s presentation began with an
introduction to the upcoming marine invertebrate
survey planned at the Phuket Marine Biological
Center in Thailand. A new 120 foot research
vessel, R. V. Chakartong Tongyai, together with
a project from the Copenhagen Zoological
Museum will result in three extensive cruises to
survey and inventory the Thai coastal waters in
the Andaman Sea. Two “bioshelf” surveys, each

25 days long, will be conducted in 1997 and
1998. This will be followed by a “ biodeep”
survey in waters up to 2000 meters in 1999.

The sampling will include both qualitative and
quantitative sampling with various devices for
benthic and epibenthic sampling.

Following the surveys will be several focused
workshops with taxonomic specialists for each of
the major groups within the polychaetes,
molluscs, and crustaceans. These workshops
will be held in Thailand at the Phuket Marine
Biological Center and will include support for
invited specialists during the workshops.
Follow-up work is expected and collected
specimens will be exported to researchers
involved in this phase of the work. Publications
from these workshops are a requirement of the
program and many new descriptions and taxa are
expected due to the relatively unexplored fauna
and currently known diversity. For those
interested in keeping abreast in the planning for
this survey and subsequent scheduling please
contact Dr. Eiby e-Jacobsen at:

Zoological Museum
Universitetsparken 15
DK - 2100 Copenhagen O
Denmark

dejacobsen@zmuc.ku.dk

http: //www. aki. ku. dk/zmuc/inv/staff/dej. htm

Additionally, Dr. Eibye-Jacobsen brought
specimens representing some of the undescribed
fauna already collected from the Andaman Sea.
These included: 5 new Typosyllis ; a new syllid
close to Trypanosyllis ; a new Clavisyllis- a new
species of Glycera similar to G. alba ; a new
Scoloptos, a new Lumbrineris similar to L.
impatiens ; a new Augneria; a new Scolelepis
similar to S , squamata , a new Scolelepis similar
to S. lingulata ; a new Dispio similar to uncinata ;
and specimens of Scoloplos marsupialis Southern
1921, a soon-to-be-published new species of
Scolelepis, a Goniadopsis incerta Fauvel 1932,
and Tylonereis bogoyawlensky Fauvel 1911.

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Dr. Eibye-Jacobsen distributed handouts on all
these new species, which the newsletter editor
has a copy of for anyone that may be interested.

TWO’S COMPANY, THREE’S A CROWD
by Tom Parker (CSDLAC)

Gaul was divided into three parts, but scientific
names have been long divided on the two part
formulation: Germs species. Nonetheless various
authors have occasionally assigned subgeneric or
subspecies names for specimens that slightly
differ from a base taxa description. It is
common for these designations to be later
removed through elevation to a new species
name or expanding definitions to accommodate
the sub-taxa conditions. Maintaining three part
names via subspecies or subgenera is typically
not a benefit to a group’s taxonomy and can
result in confusion in taxonomic and ecological
analysis. Though Nephtys cornuta franciscana
has been recently pruned to Nephtys cornuta , a
few triple deckers still lurk out there. The
phyllodocid Hesionura coineaui difficilis is one
such example. In the 1994 volume # 4 MMS
Atlas, Blake pointed out that this subspecies
description has sufficient differences from the
stem species to justify its own species name.
Unfortunately, no named or provisional species
designation has been proposed. When examining
specimens of this taxon, please note distribution
of body pigment (overall vs. ventral cirri) and
length of setal blades (subequal vs. double
length). Once tabulated, a collection of reports
can be used to establish a new species or
provisional name for these local specimens.

SO... WE DO HAVE Sosanopsis , AND SOME
OF US HAVE Sosane AS WELL!
by Tom Parker

At least some of you do. Several specimens of
local Sosanopsis have been demonstrated at this
last meeting. Pt. Loma also brought specimens
that clearly fit the definition of Sosane
occidentalis . So... please check any ampharetids
with modified 13th setigers. Look for the palea.

The combination of these two character states
will be your key to determining both Sosane and
Sosanopsis. The voucher sheet for the local
Sosanopsis provisional species will be distributed
shortly.

"THE BEAST' 1
by Megan Lilly (CSDMWWD)

[Editor's note: The following is the first of what
I hope will be a series of reviews of the more
popular attempts to integrate natural history into
the entertainment industry. For those of you
who witnessed the event in question what follows
will be clear. For those who did not, let me say
that this review can best be considered an
exercise in sarcasm.]

I would like to comment on the showing last
month of the wonderful, "Made for TV" movie
of "Beast", a novel by Peter Benchley. As a
marine biologist with a particular interest in
cephalopods, I would just like to say that it was
refreshing to finally see a movie which took the
time to actually investigate the ecology and
nature of the animal portrayed. The realism with
which Architeuthis was displayed simply took my
breath away; what more can I say?

There are a few particular points that I would
like to touch on, since they were obviously well
researched during the development of this film.
First, the realistic screeching noises that the
female emitted during periods of rage and attack.
Amazing how well this sound was mimicked,
considering that scientists have never seen a live
Architeuthis much less heard one. But, we all
know that cephalopods are extremely social
animals, and depend on sound for communication
over long distances in the ocean. Since they have
a beak they must obviously make some sort of
bird-like screeching noise.

Secondly, and by far the best angle of the whole
film, was the heart-felt portrayal of the strong
maternal instinct a mother squid would feel for
her young. Since giant squid only produce one
young per birth, (with an occasional rare, but

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exciting occurrence of twins!), energy investment
in the offspring is high. Female Architeuthis are
extremely protective of their young, usually not
letting them leave their side for at least the first 6
months of life. Here the screeching noise also
comes in handy when a mother must call her
baby back from its playful and curious
wanderings. The female nurses her youngster
while teaching it to hunt on its own. The
hunting skills of Architeuthis take some time to
master, but with patient tutelage the juveniles
usually kill their first sperm whale near the end
of the first year of life.

After all this energy investment and love
exchange one could readily imagine the rage and
despair the female Architeuthis would experience
from the capture and subsequent death of her
only baby. A friend of mine pointed out that the
mother was very likely suffering from milk fever
as well. Good point, since the nursing of the
young would have been cut short, the rich
ammoniacal milk secretions would have built up
in the mother’s mammary glands and blood
stream, causing fever and pain. This condition
could have only increased her rage and the
severity of the attacks on the hapless (as always)
humans.

So, all in all, I would just like to say "Bravo!" to
Hollywood and the producers of this film. Once
again, as with Jaws, they have done a wonderful
job with the difficult task of making an exciting
film for the general public, but at the same time,
keeping the scientific details concerning the
nature of the animals true to life. If it wasn’t for
such diligence on the part of the movie industry,
people might actually misunderstand and form
incorrect opinions about some of the marine life
that exists in our oceans and, heaven help us
then...

Two thumbs [oops, sorry -clubs] and eight
tentacles up. Bound to be on my list of the ten-
best cephalopod films of the year!

[Editors postscript - Is there a relationship
between the movie Jaws and the recent listing of
the great white shark as an endangered species?]

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

e-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President Don Cadien (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 cam@sanxUa.ca.us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1-4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5-7 (compilation)...$ 15.00

Volumes 8 - 13.$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

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May, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BLAKE, JAMES A. 1994. Chapter 4. Family Phyllodocidae Savigny, 1818. Pp. 115-186 in: Blake,
James A. and B. Hilbig (eds.). 1994. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria
Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel, Volume 4: Oligochaeta and Polychaeta - Phyllodocida
(Phyllodocidae to Paralacydoniidae). 377pp.

BOUSFIELD, EDWARD L. and Andree Chevrier. 1996. The amphipod family Oedicerotidae on the
Pacific Coast of North America. Part 1. The Monoculodes and Svnchelidium generic
complexes: systematics and distributional ecology. Amphipacifica 2(2):75-148.

COO VERT, GARY A. and Holly K. Coovert. 1995. Revision of the sub(sic)raspecific classification
of marginelliform gastropods. The Nautilus 109(2/3):43-110*

EIBYE-JACOBSEN, DANNY. 1991. A Revision of Eumida Malmgren, 1865 (Polychaeta:
Phyllodocidae). Steenstrupia 17(3):81-140.

ENVALL, MATS. 1996. Ototyphlonemertes correae sp nov and a redescription of O. duplex (Nemertea:
Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), with a phylogenetic consideration of the genus. Journal of
Zoology 238( Part 2):253-277.

GOSLINER, TERRENCE M. 1996. Chapter 2. The Opisthobranchia. Pp. 161-213 in: Scott, Paul
H., J, A, Blake, and A. L. Lissner (eds.). 1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of
the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel, Volume 9: The Mollusca Part 2 -
The Gastropoda. 228pp.

HARTMAN, OLGA. 1936. A Review of the Phyllodocidae (Annelida Polychaeta) of the Coast of
California, with Descriptions of Nine New Species. University of California Publications in
Zoology 41(10): 117-132.

JARRETT, NORMA E. and E. L. Bousfield. 1996. The amphipod superfamily Hadzioidea on the
Pacific Coast of North America: family Melitidae. Part I. The Melita group: systematics and
distributional ecology. Amphipacifica 2(2):3-74.

LAIDIG, THOMAS E., P. B. Adams, C. H. Baxter, and J. L. Butler. 1995. Feeding on euphausiids
by Octopus rubescens . California Fish and Game 81(2):77-79.

McLEAN, JAMES H. 1996. Chapter 1. The Prosobranchia. Pp. 1-160 in: Scott, Paul H., J. A.
Blake, and A. L. Lissner (eds.). 1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa
Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel, Volume 9: The Mollusca Part 2 - The
Gastropoda. 228pp.

0RSTED, ANDERS S. 1843. Annulatorum danicorum conspectus. Fascicle 1. Maricolae.
Copenhagen, 52pp.

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SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 No. 1

Eumida in California

SCAMIT - May 1996

Danny Eibye-Jacobsen

The status of Eumida in California

When I revised the phyllodocid polychaete genus Eumida Malmgren, 1865 in 1991, little
Californian material was studied: the type material of EJubiformis Moore, 1909 (4 specimens) and
EJongicomuta (Moore, 1906) (2 specimens).

Recently, I received a large amount of material of Californian Eumida from the Los Angeles
County Museum for further study. In this material, only two different species of Eumida could be
identified with confidence: E.iubiformis and E.longicormita. Six lots, however, contained animals
that could neither be identified as belonging to one of these species nor referred to any other known
species. Whether some of them represent new species is not clear: the lots in question are just too
small and in too poor a condition to tell at this time. In any case, two species for California is a
suspiciously low number and work remains to be done in this area.

Below I will attempt to characterize E.iubiformis and EJongicomuta , paying particular
attention to characters that are useful in either distinguishing the two or heightening confidence in the
identification.

Eumida tubiformis Moore, 1909
Up to 90 mm long, with up to 135 segments (holotype).

Prostomium : Rounded pentangular, broader than long. Eyes relatively large, red to dark red.

Median antenna inserted between the eyes or slightly further forward.

Proboscis : Smooth, in large animals with a few micropapillae in 6 longitudinal bands, strongest
developed distally. Small animals with 17-19 oral papillae, large animals with as many as 26.
Oral papillae with obvious micropapillae.

Tentacular dm : Dorsal tentacular cirri of segments 2 and 3 longest, reaching to segment 8-11 The
ventral tentacular cirri of segment 2 have no tendency to be flattened.

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Volume 15 No. 1

Eumida in California

SCAMIT - May 1996

Danny Eibye* Jacobsen

Dorsal cirri : Dorsal cirrophores large. On anterior segments dorsal cirri are asymmetrical with
the dorsal margin longest (Fig. IB), on large animals extremely asymmetrical (Fig. 1 A).
Dorsal cirri gradually become more symmetrical (Fig. 1C) and on the midbody they are
almost symmetrical, broadly cordate, about as broad as long (Fig. ID, IF), sometimes
much broader (Fig. IE), but this is not typical (note: Fig. IE is of the dorsal cirrus
immediately following the one on ID). On posterior segments the dorsal cirri are slightly
longer than broad and more acute (Fig. 1G). In general, the tip of the dorsal cirrus is
rarely acute and the angle at the tip is usually about 80° or more* The ventral margin of
median dorsal cirri may have a subterminal notch (Fig. ID).

Neuropodia : The supra- and subacicular lips of the presetal lobe may be elongated and
diverging. This is usually best seen on anterior segments, sometimes also on posterior
ones. These diverging lips may resemble large, dorsally and ventrally placed papillae.

Setae : Valuable in identifying most polychaetes, of no help here.

Ventral cirri : Relatively broad, especially on large animals, but not much broader than in
Rlongiconmla.

Pvgidium : Anal cirri still unknown. Median pygidial papilla absent.

Pigmentation : Dorsum uniformly brown, cirri and antennae lighter. Dark blotches may be present
on prostomium. Very weak transverse banding may be present on anterior segments.

Remarks : Figures in Blake 1994 are excellent (certainly better than those in Eibye-Jacobsen 1991),
but it must be pointed out that they depict the holotype, a huge animal Smaller specimens
may be recognized by the shape of the dorsal cirri (large angle at the tip), but
preferably by their neuropodial morphology. Eibye-Jacobsen (1991) placed too much
emphasis on the dorsal cirri being broader than long.

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Volume 15 No. 1

Eumida in California

SCAMIT - May 1996

Danny Eibye-Jacobsen

Eumida longicornuta (Moore, 1906)

Up to 300 mm long (N-480) with up to 117 segments.

Prostomium : Rounded pentangular, broader than long. Eyes of typical size (for Eumida ), of vaiying
colour (see below). Median antenna usually inserted between the anterior halves of the eyes,
often further forward (observing a living specimen of Eumida shows you just how worthless
this character is). Note: the length of the antennae is usually not remarkable, despite the
species name longicornuta . They are very long (relaxed) on both type specimens, but this is
not typical of the species.

Proboscis : Smooth, a few micropapillae may be present on the surface. Usually with 17-19 oral
papillae (16 observed in one juvenile), in large animals up to 24 Oral papillae with
micropapillae.

Tentacular cirri : Dorsal tentacular cirri of segments 2 and 3 longest, reaching to segment 8-13 (sic).
The ventral tentacular cirri on segment 2 have no tendency to be flattened.

Dorsal cirri : Dorsal cirrophore large. On anterior segments dorsal cirri are strongly
asymmetrical, with the ventral margin much longer than the dorsal one (Fig. 2A, 2B)
About one third of the way down the body (in terms of the total number of segments)
the dorsal cirri have a shape not known for any other species of the genus (Fig 3 A, 3B):
strongly asymmetrical, ventral margin much longer than the dorsal one, distally with
a drawn out, acute tip at a small angle, usually less than 60°. The ventral margin
usually has a subterminal concavity, which is why the tip appears to be drawn out. On
middle segments the dorsal cirri become more symmetrical, at first almost triangular (Fig.
2C), then more broadly cordate (Fig. 2D), but still with a drawn out tip. Further back the
dorsal cirri begin to elongate, become once again more triangular, at first with a drawn out
tip (Fig. 2E), towards the end of the body about VA times as long as broad (Fig. 2F).

On large animals the dorsal cirri of the region from one third to one half of the way down the
body may develop what can best be described as an extra ventral lobe (Fig. 3C) or the ventral

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SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 No. 1

Eumida eji California

SCAMIT - May 1996

Danny Eibye-Jacobsen

portion appears to be extremely elongated (Fig. 3D). Such dorsal cirri are, as far as I know,
unknown in other species of the genus.

For routine identification work, I suggest that the dorsal cirri of segments 20-30 be
studied in detail as a standard (Fig. 2B, 2C, 3 A, 3B).

Note: there is a serious error in Eibye-Jacobsen 1991, as partly pointed out in Blake 1994.
In stating that dorsal cirri on posterior segments are longer than broad in EJongicomuta
(which is correct), Eibye-Jacobsen referred to his Figure 6D. However, Figure 6D shows a
dorsal cirrus from segment 33 of the holotype, which is complete and has a total of 76
segments! The parapodium illustrated on his Figure 6C is from segment 27 of the holotype.

Neuropodia : These are of the standard Eumida type, with the supra- and subacicular lips of the
preset a! lobe rounded and weakly separated, the dorsal one usually slightly larger than the
ventral one, in large animals often clearly larger and “angular” or “truncate”.

Setae : As in Etubiformis .

Ventral cirri : Relatively broad for a species of Eumida, but slightly less so than in E. tubiformis.
However, the difference is so subtle that this character is not helpful.

Pvgidium : Anal cirri (still?) unknown. Pygidial papilla absent.

Pigmentation : There appear to be two colour morphs of this species, but every imaginable
intermediate stage seems to exist. One is uniformly brown, with lighter antennae and
cirri, without a dark spot on each dorsal cirrus, and dark red (but clearly red) eyes.
This form is very similar in colouration to E tubiformis. The other morph is light-bodied,
dorsally with a prominent green-brown or brown transverse band on each segment
(green on living animals?), dark pigmentation on the prostomium between the frontal
antennae and the eyes, the eyes themselves being veiy dark brown, almost black (at
least in preserved animals), and with a central dark spot of pigment on each dorsal
cirrus. Note that in this last morph, the eyes become lighter with age, as the grow in absolute
size, but the basic colour is the same (not red). Furthermore, in the latter morph all this
colouration can be partly covered by a more superficial layer of small dark green to
dark brown or black dots.

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SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 No. 1

Eumida in California

SC .WIFI - May 1996

Danny Eibye- Jacobsen

Remarks The holotype (USNM, Washington DC) and paratype (ANSP, Philadelphia) are both of
the first colour morph. The second morph was not mentioned in the revision of Eumida by
Eibye Jacobsen 1991, having only studied the type material. The holotype and the paratype
were both taken in shallow water in Washington state. Station data for the newly received
material is patchy, but does not contradict a hypothesis whereby the uniformly coloured form
is found in shallow water, the striped form in deeper water (beyond 15 m?).

The differences in pigmentation between these two forms is so great that one may find it
difficult to accept the hypothesis that they belong to the same species. However, any number
of intermediates exist, and many of these could not be classified as belonging to one or the
other with confidence. Furthermore, and most importantly, no morphological differences
could be found between the two, both showing dorsal cirri of a shape that is quite
distinctive in the genus.

During the study of these colour variations, one peculiarity was noted in the striped form:
segment 2 does nM have a transverse band (segment 2 = the first visible segment on the
dorsum behind the prostomium). Segment 2 is thus significantly lighter than the following
segments. Note, however, that if the animal happens to be one of those with an "‘overlay” of
small, blackish dots, you have to “look through 17 the dots to realize that segment 2 does not
have a transverse band Because of this peculiarity, I strongly doubt that Figure 4.17A in
Blake (1994) shows a specimen of E. longicomuta, as that animal has a transverse band on
segment 2 (species of Sige?), On the other hand, Blake's Figure 4.18 B is fine.

Note on Eumida sanguittea and California

Following the revision of Eumida, the range of distribution of the type species, E. sanguined,
was reduced to the North Atlantic (both sides), 'Stberia^eastern Russia, and Japan (EibyeJacobsen,
1991), I have yet to see specimens from the western coast of North America that could reasonably
be identified as E, sanguined

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SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 No. 1

Eumida in California

SCAMIT - May 1996

Danny Ei bye-Jacobsen

In particular, EJongicornuta differs from Ensanguined in:

• having much more asymmetrical dorsal cirri

• not having a tendency for the ventral tentacular cirri of segment 2 to be flattened

• often having a concentration of pigment on the prostomium

• often having very dark eyes

• often having strong transverse banding

Danny Eibye-Jacobsen
Zoologisk Museum
Copenhagen, Denmark
dej acob sen@zmuc. ku, dk
http: //www, aki. ku. dk/zmuc/mv/stafE/dej. htm

Figure legends

Figure 1: Dorsal cirri of Eumida tubiformis Moore, 1909. A from segment 6 , B segment 10, C
segment 25, D segment 45, E segment 46, F segment 60, G segment 112. A + D-G from
noTotype? B from specimen in sample N-4478, C from specimen in sample 1498^12.

Figure 2: Dorsal cirri of Eumida longicormta (Moore, 1906) A from segment 10, B segment 20,
C segment 30, D segment 40, E segment 50, F segment 60. All figures from one specimen
in sample 3049-55, a 15 mm long, 1.1 mm broad (excluding parapodia), complete animal with
67 segments.

Figure 3: Dorsal cirri of Eumida longicormta (Moore, 1906). A from segment 25, B segment 25,
C segment 24, D segment 35. A from specimen in sample N-480. B from specimen in
sample 1464-42. C and D from specimen in sample N-5030.

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SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 No. 1

Figure 1: Dorsal cirri of Eumida tubiformis Moore, 1909

G, segment 112

A, 0, ^ F ; &

a\\ Ffom

hoW-Vye-

e,c

otW

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 No. 1

Figure 2: Dorsal cirri of Eumida iongicornuta (Moore, 1906)

E, segment 60

F, segment 60

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 No. 1

Figure 3: Dorsal cirri of Eumida longicornuta (Moore, 1906)

A, segment 25

B, segment 25

C, segment 24

D, segment 35

Owenia fusiformis Dell Chiaje 1841

Vol. 15, No. 1

Date Reviewed: March 1996
Voucher Sheet by: T. Parker

Synonymy: Owenia collaris Hartman 1955

Owenia fusiformis collaris Hartman 1955

Literature: Dauvin, J.C., E. Thiebaut. 1994. Is Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje a cosmpolitan

species? In: J. C. Dauvin, L. Laubier, D J, Reish(eds). Actes de la 4eme
Conference intemationale desPolychaetes. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nat 162:383-
404. Paris.

Diagnostic Characters: (see Figures 1,2,3, & 4)

1. Anterior end with branchial lobes that increase in complexity with age and
become a highly branched tentacular crown. Crown often with bands of brown
pigment.

2. Small specimens and juveniles have a slightly produced collar that often requires
dose inspection or manipulation with a fine probe to view. Larger or more
mature specimens have a clearly visible collar.

3. Latero-ventral eyespots commonly are seen at base of crown near collar in most
specimens. These spots may be absent or diminished in size and density. In
many specimens these eyespots appear as small round concentrations of
pigment.

Comments:

Differences between tube structure is likely related to the specimen’s habitat and is not a
taxonomic character. Uncinal characteristics such as tooth arrangement and shoulder
prominence have been observed with SEM techniques. Though some slight differences
can be detected, they are not diagnostic of a species concept. There are no morphological
conditions which justify a separation between O. collaris and O. fusiformis, O. collaris is
a junior synonym of 0. fusiformis.

Distribution: Cosmopolitan, abundant in shallow waters (0-40 meters). Also recorded to 2,325
meters.

(Imajima& Morita 1987)

Figure 2. lateral

(Imajima & Morita 1987)

L-

Figure 3. dorsum

(Hartman 1969)

Figure 4. ventrum

(Hartman 1969)

June, 1996 SCAMIT Newsletter voi. 15, N0.2

1 NEXT MEETING:

N.E. Pacific phyllodocids and syllids

GUEST SPEAKER:

Leslie Harris

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

DATE:

July 8, 1996

TIME:

9:30AM-3:30PM

LOCATION:

Worm Lab, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles

Pilargis berkeleyae
(from Hartman 1947)

JULY 8 MEETING

The July meeting will be presented by Leslie
Harris, and will reprise her presentation to
NAMIT at their recent polychaete workshop.

She will brief us on the workshop as well.

Leslie has examined the type of Pilargis
berkeleyae and has resolved the contusion
between P. berkeleyae and P. maculata as a
result. She requests you bring specimens of your
Pilargis for comparison. Also any problem
phyllodocids or syllids are welcome.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes .

June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 2

NEW LITERATURE

Several newly received papers on ecology or
taxonomy were circulated at the meeting .

Desqueyroux-Faundez and Van Soest (1996)
review the sponge families Iophonidae,

Myxillidae and Tedaniidae in the southeast
Pacific - primarily from Chile and Peru. While
there is little overlap in the sponge fauna between
northeast and southeast Pacific there are
comments in this paper which bear on several of
our local species.

Two papers on the crab Pyromaia iuberculata
(Furota 1996a, b) provide the results of life cycle
studies on the egg and larval stages, and on the
crab stage and reproduction. This crab is
introduced in Japan. To my knowledge there
have been no equivalently detailed studies done
here, where it is endemic. Furota found year-
round breeding, and production of 2-3
generations/yr. in the Japanese population
studied.

The relationship between cumaceans and organic
enrichment was examined by Corbera and
Cardell (1996), who found several species to be
tolerant of enriched conditions. They also found
vertical displacement of bathyal species into
normally sandy shelf sediments when they were
enriched with finer particles and organics.

Two papers on the ecology of mytilid bivalves
were also circulated. The first (Pena et ai 1995)
deals with the biometrics of the clam Modiolus
capax in a population from Costa Rica. The
second addresses the introduced Musculista
senhousia in Mission Bay (Crooks 1996).
Recruitment, growth, distribution, biomass,
longevity and mortality of the species in Mission
Bay were discussed and found generally similar
to that shown in it's home range.

A paper apropos the gastropod revisionary theme
of the meeting was also examined. Hickman
(1995) presented a discussion of a potentially

very informative portion of the life of
gastropods: that in which the larvae
metamorphose. She studied a Hawaiian turrid by
hatching larvae in the laboratory; providing
access to numerous larvae throughout the critical
metamorphosis period. Changes at the
protoconch/teleoconch shell boundary were
examined by SEM, and showed details of the
process which may provide meaningful
characters for future cladistic analysis.

It should also be noted that the last number of
the Bulletin of the Southern California Academy
of Sciences (Volume 95[1], April 1996)
presented the proceedings of a symposium on
Coastal Watersheds and their Effects on the
Ocean Environment held at the 1995 SC AS
meeting. Several members contributed to this
including Ann Dalkey, John Shisko, Steve Bay,
Darrin Greenstein, Ken Schiff, and John Dorsey.

Subscribers to Annelida on the net have already
heard of the following, but we felt we should
bring them to the attention of our unconnected
members. Pleijel and Eide (1996) discuss the
phylogeny of the polychaete genus Ophryotrocha
with some members of Dorvillea , Ougia and
ProtodorviUea used as outgroups. A mixture of
morphological, biochemical and reproductive
characters were used in the analysis.

A new cladistic analysis of the animal kingdom
at the phylum level (Nielsen et al 1996)
advocates monophyly for both the Spiralia and
Articulata (which in this analysis includes
mollusks). The analytic results are compared
with those of other recent attempts to objectify
the high level organization of the animal
kingdom.

FINANCIAL MATTERS

In the last Newsletter we presented the status of
SCAMIT Finances via a summary of the
Treasurer’s Report, and mentioned points
brought up during discussion of financial matters
at the May meeting. We now have additional

2

June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 2

members who have yet to make their views
known (and do not find them represented either
here or in the last issue) to speak out and be
heard.

It has been suggested that SCAMIT should not
solicit donations from any outside sources until it
spends the money it has, especially since it has
more than $18,000 currently due to monies
received for work done through SCCWRP for
EPA. This seems appropriate and at the current
rate of expenditure it would take a number of
years for the organization to use these funds up,
However, since expenses have gone up every
year in the past as we continue to improve the
quality of work produced by the membership
these funds may not last as long as we would
hope for. Several members feel that it would not
be unreasonable to ask our past supporters such
as Arco, Chevron, and Texaco for a donation to
offset costs associated with producing our
newsletter and/or annual Taxonomic Listing (the
major expenditures of the organization),
especially since we credit them every month for
funds that have long since been used up.

Afterall, the worst they can do is say no.

Support of this type would allow us to retain
most or all of our current balance as a sort of
endowment generating interest income to support
the activities of the group.

It has also been suggested that SCAMIT could
add a place for donations from its own
membership on the annual membership renewal
notice. Many members have their membership
dues paid for by their employers and perhaps
would not be adverse to making a donation from
their own pocket, especially one that is tax-
deductible.

Also, while SCAMIT’s April Fool's edition of
the newsletter was well received by most
members it was suggested that perhaps we should
not waste money on a repeat edition. The
newsletter staff would like to inform members
that we are not planning more than a few
additional pages to next years April newsletter
and will definitely keep the expense of printing

and mailing in mind. However, it won’t hurt
our feelings if members would prefer we kept
our sense of humor to ourselves, or at least out
of print.

NEW INDEX

A new index to the contents of the Newsletter
(attached) has been prepared to include all issues
through the end of Volume 14. Our thanks again
to member Faith Cole (EPA) for the labor
necessary to make this helpful tool available to
us all.

MINUTES OF THE ID JUNE MEETING

The meeting was opened with a brief discussion
of a non-marine invertebrate topic. John
Ljubenkov (MEC) brought several examples of
an insect he had captured in his hot-tub at
Rancho Cuca in northern San Diego County
(where our Nemertean Workshop was held last
October). He had tentatively identified them as a
described species of firefly, but could find no
mention of the occurrence of fireflies in southern
California. He had observed their behavior in
response to the red LED indicator lights on his
hot-tub - an obvious mating dance - and had seen
them flash upon falling into the tub. [John later
took them to the Museum’s entomologists, who
concurred with his ID], We also mentioned
other luminous occurrences of earthworms and a
few other animals before we settled down to
marine invert business.

President Ron Velarde relayed some information
from Paul Scott (SBMNH), editor of the
Taxonomic Atlas of the Santa Maria Basin series.
Paul indicated that some of the issues of the
series had been much in demand, and as a result
were out of print. Among these was Vol. 4 -
Annelida PL 1. A second printing is being
prepared, and it may contain errata which have
come to the Editor’s attention since initial
publication; including comments put together by
SCAMIT members on errors of omission and

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June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 2

commission. More radical changes may be made
when Volume 1-Introduction.,, is reprinted.

It is not yet clear if these errata sheets will be
distributed to previous purchasers of the volume,
or only included in the reissue copies. It may be
that errata sheets will be distributed to Series
subscribers only, in which case SCAMIT can
serve as a distribution point for those who have
purchased only selected volumes.

He also mentioned that the City of San Diego
MWWD will be conducting a second year of
investigations this year, part of "before'” data
collection prior to construction of the
International Treatment Plant just north of the
U.S./Mexico border.

They are also engaged in a sort of continuation
of the SCBPP on a localized basis. These data
will provide an interesting continuous series to
connect the results of the SCBPP with the
Southern California Bight Demonstration Project
currently scheduled for summer 1997.

Analysis of the SCBPP data is in it's final stages.
Along the way much was learned about the
problems in analysis of datasets derived from
different sources, even using standardized
procedures. Data standardization has been
performed in a series of sequential passes. In the
current set data from other surveys have been
integrated with that of the SCBPP for comparison
and for QC of the analytical methodology. This
has necessitated another round of taxonomic
standardization which is nearly complete. Final
analysis of the SCBPP data should be completed
within the next few weeks. Several different
methods are being used, including the ecological
application of cladistic methodology employed by
the Hyperion Lab (CLAEMD) in recent years.

Members were reminded of the upcoming
meetings of the Western Society of Malacologists
and Crustacean Society in San Diego; which take
place 23-27 June and 14-18 July, respectively.
Members should consult Newsletter Volume 14
#11 and #10 for additional details.

More advance notice is offered of the 7th
International Symposium on Aquatic
Oligochaetes, scheduled for 18-22 August 1997
in Presque Isle, Maine. Few of us currently
work with this group; perhaps this is the
opportunity to begin to do so. Registration
information is attached.

Another meeting scheduled for 1997 is the
California and The World Ocean (CWO ’97)
Conference to be held in San Diego March 24-27
1997. This event is intended to bring together
representatives of a broad spectrum of disciplines
for discussions of ocean and coastal resource
management along the entire Californica coast.

A preliminary notice and call for papers and/or
sponsorship is attached.

The 2nd NAMIT Polychaete workshop was held
immediately after the May SCAMIT meeting,
and will be reported on at our July meeting by
Leslie Harris, the only southern California
SCAMIT member in attendance.

After these preliminary subjects we began to
address the primary purpose of the meeting;
examination and evaluation of the new
prosobranch gastropod section of the Taxonomic
Atlas (Vol. 9 - The Mollusca Part 2). As
indicated by the author (Dr. James McLean,
Curator of Mo Husks at the Natural History
Museum of Los Angeles County), this
publication was based on more than the
collections from the Santa Maria Basin and
Western Santa Barbara Channel which form the
putative basis of the series.

He chose to examine the offshore gastropod
fauna of the Southern California Bight as a
complement to his previous handbook on its
inshore mollusk fauna (McLean 1969, rev.

1978). This is the first critical reexamination of
the offshore mollusk fauna in well over 50 years,
and consequently many nomenclatural and
taxonomic changes are drawn together here for
the first time. A number of these have not
previously been applied to our fauna by SCAMIT
members, so there are numerous differences

4

June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No, 2

SCAMIT Taxonomic Listing (ed. 2) and this
review (see attached tabular summary).

Members had a minimum of several weeks for
examination of the new volume prior to the
meeting, and were asked to detail any concerns
or questions which had arisen during their
examinations. They were also asked to report
detected errors at the meeting. We listed a
number of areas in which the changes introduced
prompted questions. These are detailed below
along with the responses to these questions by
Dr. McLean.

Aside from a few minor typographic and spelling
errors, we were unable to find mistakes in the
volume.

Although indicating that full discussion of higher
classification and molluscan phylogeny was
omitted as not appropriate to the nature of the
volume (primarily an identification manual), Dr.
McLean did utilize many of the results of recent
cladistic reevaluations of gastropod phylogeny.

In consequence there are many inconsistencies
between the hierarchies used in his work, and in
the SCAMIT Taxonomic Listing (ed. 2). [A
placement of the species included in the
SCAMIT listing and those mentioned by Dr.
McLean in the new volume into the hierarchy
used by him is attached].

We discussed the advisability of adopting these
changes, since the higher classification of the
gastropods is still in flux, and several basic
questions are still hotly debated. Knowing that
Dr. McLean was working oil a comprehensive
reexamination of the fauna (including both
inshore and offshore members and descriptions
of several hundred new species) it was suggested
that SCAMIT might wait to adopt a new higher
category classification until its completion.
Although there would still be instability in some
portions, the comprehensive review would serve
as a reference point for regional standardization
for many years.

After lunch Dr. McLean joined us and fielded
our questions concerning his portion of the
volume (questions on the Opisthobranch portion
were deferred until we can directly address them
to it’s author, Dr. Terry Gosliner, later this
year).

One initial query had to do with the timing of
adoption of higher taxonomic changes; do it now
or await greater stability - as discussed earlier.
He seemed to see no impediment to adoption of
at least the changes embodied in his present
volume, and recommended that we not delay. A
copy of the proposed modifications as distributed
at the meeting (and attached here) is being
reviewed by him for appropriateness. A
bibliography of some recent summaries and/or
discussions of higher level taxonomy in the
gastropoda is attached.

Questions posed to Dr. McLean (and his answers
to them):

1) Alvania tumida is one-half the size of Alvania
rosana, and this size difference forms the basis
of separation of the two species in the key. Is
there any other characteristic to distinguish these
two species from one another besides size? A .
tumida has a finer clathrate sculpture. Alvania
compacta is another species that occurs in so.
Calif., but in shallow waters. A . compacta
closely resembles A . rosana in sculpture, but is
less inflated and has a deeper suture. A number
of other species placed by Bartsch in Alvania
bear strongly sculptured nuclear whorls, and are
being transferred to Alvinia,

2) Why remove Crepidula glottidiarum from the
synonymy of C. nummaria ? Crepidula
glottidiarum , is a slipper limpet commonly seen
by SCAMIT members, who had until now been
following Hoagland (1977) in relegating it to the
status of a situs form of Crepidula nummaria.
Members generally agreed that this was more
than a situs form, and with if s removal from
synonymy and elevation back to specific status.
Differences in shape and periostracum
development and nature seemed to us consistent

5

June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 2

throughout growth in this animal. Dr. McLean
would like information on the range extension
for this species, especially from San Diego.

3) Why revive Crepipateila? The revival of use
of the genus Crepipateila , which had been
submerged within Crepidula by Hoagland (1977)
was also addressed. Don Cadien expressed the
position (espoused by Hoagland) that detachment
of the deck along one side which characterizes
Crepipateila is only the end point of a gradient in
indentation of the deck along one side. Dr.
McLean disagreed, indicating that this was a
series of discrete steps, not a gradient, that each
was characteristic of a different subgenus within
Crepidula , and that the total detachment of
Crepipateila was worthy of generic level
separation.

4) What is the basis of the generic names in the
family Eulimidae? We were interested in the
generic level changes in the family Eulimidae
which were incorporated into the new volume.

Dr. McLean indicated he was following War6n
in generic separations. Use of the tongue-twister
Polygireulima was necessary because Waren
considers each genus to occur on only a single
class of host. Since Balds is parasitic on
holothurians, the asteroid-associated B . rutila
must go to a different genus. Members present
at the meeting surprised Dr. McLean by
informing him that they commonly see this
species occurring on asteroids as well as sea
cucumbers.

Either Waren is wrong in his assertion of class
fidelity within genus, or we have two different
species in two different genera, confounded
locally. Don Cadien suggested that members re¬
examine their specimens of Balds oldroydae and
perhaps submit them to Dr. McLean for
confirmation. A similar multi-class host situation
was mentioned for the genus Vitreolina , but in
that case these seems good separation of the
genus on shell morphology as well.

5) What happened with the epitoniids, why are
we dropping the generic designations introduced

locally by DuShane? Use of these previously
subgeneric taxa as genera was not supported in
DuShane (1979), only implemented. Since then
work in the north Atlantic (Bouchet and Waren
1986) has indicated that these are better left as
subgenera, a course adopted in the Atlas.
Members should note that changes in the
synonymies of two species are introduced in the
Atlas, and these may affect names they are
currently using in their data.

6) What happened with the ovulids, why are we
dropping the generic designations introduced
locally by Cate? The elevation of subgenera to
genera practiced by Cate in his revisions was
considered unwarranted by Dr. McLean, who
has returned all local species to the genus
Neosimnia in the Atlas.

7) Can you explain the basis of the splitting of
the turrids into different groups, and merging of
some with the conids? Most of the
rearrangement has to do with the anterior
digestive tract, particularly the radula. Turrids
have a reduced ribbon-like radula, while conids
have venom glands associated with hollow
marginal teeth that are used like hypodermic
needles. There are also differences in the
presence/absence of the basal membrane, and
loss of the odontophore in the conids. The actual
mechanics of use of the harpoon-like teeth of
conids was too complex to be adequately
discussed without more preparation.

8) With the description of the new species of
Crockerella in the Atlas, are they all now
described from our area? There are probably a
few more Crockerella species occuring in the
Bight than were included in the MMS Atlas
because Dr. McLean only included those species
he had adequate material of. There are also new
species which only occur in Mexican waters, and
do not range northward into the Bight (as yet).

9) Why are nearly all Coovert’s papers on
margineliiform gastropods in his own privately
published journal when his present work seems
so thorough and authoritative? Coovert was

6

June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 2

working in a vacuum, largely self-taught in
margineliid systematic^, and assumed his
observations were not that significant. He
rapidly became a world-authority on the group,
and his separation of the Cystiscinae from the
Marginellidae at family level seem well justified.
This usage is reflected in the Atlas.

10) Since you didn’t deal with the pyramidellids
in the Atlas, what are you doing with them for
your upcoming monograph on west coast
gastropods? Work on the group is now virtually
complete, and a great many of the names
proposed by Dali and Bartsch will fall as
synonyms. They were pursuing an extreme
typological concept, and assumed that any
geographic distance was sufficient to warrant a
new species if some morphological variability
was evident. Dr. McLean commented that Dali
and Bartsch worked when microphotography
wasn’t available, so they had to rely on an
artist’s drawing or enhancement of an
underdeveloped photo. Often their illustrations
don’t look anything like the real specimen. In
consequence a large number of new species were
erected on inadequate characters. The number of
"valid" pyramideliid names will be reduced by at
least half, if not two-thirds in the monograph.

The scaphandrid synonymies listed in Table 1 of
the handout attached to Newsletter Vol. 14(11),
were not derived from the Atlas as had been
assumed. They were included in error, as they
are part of an unpublished manuscript of Dr.
McLean’s rather than his published works. They
should not be used by SCAMIT members. The
editor apologizes for the mix up, and hopes that
there will be no further pre-publication usage of
this work.

POLYCHAETE PROSTOMIAL PRANKS

Much has been written about the dimensions and
appearance of the prostomium in taxonomic
literature, Relative position of antennae, eyes,
and pigmentation have all been used as diagnostic
characters by authors. Many workers now

recognize that fixation can greatly modify the
true appearance of the prostomium and use such
features cautiously (see last month’s comments
on Eumida). Blake (1994) provides information
on the prostomial length and width that
supposedly helps distinguish Eteone californica
from Eteone longa in the MMS Taxonomic
Atlas. His key lists the prostomium width of
Eteone californica as equalling it’s length, while
the accompanying text describes the prostomium
as longer than wide, and amplifies this by
comparing E. californica to E. longa : “..the
prostomium is slightly longer than wide instead
of wider than long.” So far just a
straightforward conflict. The accompanying
illustration allows for measurement of this ratio,
and the illustrated prostomium is actually
slightly wider than long! You might want to
make a note of this quirk in your copy of the
Atlas so you don’t get the wong answer to the
light problem. - Tom Parker (CSDLAC)

Eteone californica <=&
(from Blake 1994)

A PARADE OF TEREBELLIDS

Throughout the late 1980’s and into the mid
1990’S there has been a steady and large increase
in the number of terebellid specimens taken in
some local benthic samples. This parade has
been led by Pista specimens and resulted in
noteworthy numbers and biomass at an increased
number of stations. Recently (i.e. January 1996)
some samples have shown a new entrant to the
parade. A great increase in the number of
Eupolymnia heterobranchia specimens seems
underway, Is this localized or just a sampling
blip? If you’ve encountered a big increase in
Eupolymnia , drop the editor a note or an e-mail.

-Tom Parker (CSDLAC)

7

June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 2

MYSTERY XANTHID ID’ed

Since it’s presence was first noted (Newsletter
Vol. 13# 4 as Micropanope latinumus , a
preliminary ID withdrawn in Vol. 13#5) the
single specimen of the small xanthid crab taken
off Pt. Loma has remained a mystery. Dr. Jody
Martin, Curator of Crustacea at the Natural
History Museum of Los Angeles County, has
been working with this animal for some time.

His initial contacts with world-wide xanthid
experts were discouraging. No one could
suggest the appropriate genus for the animal.
More recently he has circulated his drawings of
the specimen, and has received tentative
identifications from two different sources. It
appears to be a species described initially from
southern Mexico, Pilumnoides rotundus Garth,
1940. The present specimen represents a range
extension northward from the Gulf of California.

Dr. Martin has is planning a formal note on this
for publication along with his new figures, which
show the animals appearance more clearly than
the initial illustrations in Garth (setae are not
omitted). He will also be providing us a more
detailed note on the animal in a future issue.

Pilumnoides rotundus (from Garth 1940)

BIOLOGIST HONORED BY STAMP

One of the recent newsletters was sent out
bearing a U.S. commemorative postage stamp
honoring biologist Ernest E. Just. The following
note was received from Dr. Reish in response -

"The picture of a man on one of the postage
stamps on your letter/package is that of E. E.
Just, one of the US Postal Service’s Black
Heritage series. The stamp of Just is the second
time a scientist has been so honored in this series
([George Washington] Carver was the first).

This is undoubtably the first time that someone
who worked with polychaetes has been so
honored. Just published 18 papers from 1912-
1935 all on fertilization and development
primarily with nereids. He did his work at
Woods Hole and many of his papers were
published in the Biological Bulletin. He
published 4 or 5 papers in German journals, but
I do not know if he went to Germany. He was a
professor of biology at Howard University, a
black university located in Washington, D. C.
According to the U.S. Postal Service, the picture
of him was taken in 1940. I do not know when
he died."

Our thanks to Dr. Reish for his commentary, and
to the postal service for honoring one of the few
black scientists working with marine organisms.

JOB ANNOUNCEMENT

The City of San Diego has an opening for a
Biologist 1 - Environmental Biologist. This is an
open offering, with an unspecified closure date.
Those interested should, however, apply as early
as they can, since it may close at any time. A
copy of the announcement is attached.

PARAMUNNA VOUCHER

A voucher sheet for the new species of
Paramunna mentioned in the last newsletter is
provided this month. Any comments, additional
information, or material is solicited by Don
Cadien (CSDLAC).

8

June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 2

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BLAKE, JAMES A. 1994. Chapter 4. Family Phyllodocidae Savigny, 1818. pp. 115-186 IN: Blake,
James A, and B. Hilbig (eds.). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin
and Western Santa Barbara Channel 4: Oligochaeta and Polychaeta: Phyllodocida (Phyllodocidae
to Paralacydoniidae): 377pp.

BOUCHET, P., and A. Waren. 1986. Revision of the northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Aclididae,
Eulimidae, Epitoniidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda), Bollettino Malacologico, Supplemento 2:299-
576.

CORBERA, J., and M. J. Cardelt. 1995. Cumaceans as indicators of eutrophication on soft bottoms.
Scientia Marina 59(Suppl. 1):63- 69.

CROOKS, J. A, 1996. The population ecology of an exotic mussel, Musculista senhousia , in a Southern
California Bay, Estuaries 19(l):42-50.

DESQUEYR0UX-FAUNDE2, R., and R. W. M. Van Soest. 1996. A review of lophonidae, Myxillidae
and Tedaniidae occurring in the south east Pacific (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). Revue Suisse de
Zoologie 103(1): 3-79.

DUSHANE, HELEN, 1979, The Family Epitoniidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Northeastern Pacific.
Veliger 22(2);91-134.

FUROTA, T. 1996a. Life cycle studies on the introduced spider crab Pyromaia tuberculata (Lockington)
(Brachyura: Majidae).l. Egg and Larval Stages. Journal of Crustacean Biology 16(l):71-76.

—, 1996b. Life cycle studies on the introduced spider crab Pvromaia tuberculata (Lockington)
(Brachyura: Majidae) .2. Crab stage and reproduction. Journal of Crustacean Biology 16(1):77-
91.

GARTH, JOHN S. 1940. Some new species of Brachyuran crabs from Mexico and the Central and South
American mainland. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 5(3):53-127.

HARTMAN, OLGA, 1947, Polychaetous Annelids Part VIII. Pilargiidae. Allan Hancock Pacific
Expeditions 10(5): 391-522.

HICKMAN, CAROL S. 1995. Asynchronous construction of the protoconch/teleoconch boundary:
Evidence for staged metamorphosis in a marine gastropod larva. Invertebrate Biology
114(4):295-306.

HOAGLAND, K. ELAINE. 1977. Systematic review of fossil and recent Crepidula and discussion of
evolution of the Calyptraeidae. Malacologia 16(2): 353-420.

McLEAN, JAMES H. 1969. Marine Shells of Southern California. Los Angeles County Museum of
Natural History Science Series 24, Zoology No. 11. 98pp.

McLEAN, JAMES H. 1996, The Prosobranchia. Pp. 1-160 IN: Scott, Paul H., James A. Blake and
Andrew L. Lissner (eds.). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and
Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 9- The Mollusca Part 2. The Gastropoda. 228pp.

NIELSEN, CLAUS, N. Scharff, and D. Eibye-Jacobsen. 1996. Cladistic analyses of the animal
kingdom. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57:385-410.

PENA, J. C., R, A. Cruz, Y. S. Lopez, and M. P. Quesada. 1995. Biometry of Modiolus capax
(Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Ocotal Beach, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical
43(1-3):173- 176.

PLEIJEL, FRED, and R. Eide. 1996. The phylogeny of Ophrvotrocha (Dorvilleidae: Eunicida:
Polychaeta). Journal of Natural History 30(5):647-659.

WAREN, ANDERS. 1984. A generic revision of the family Eulimidae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia).
The Journal of Molluscan Studies, Supplement 13: 1-96

9

June, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 2

Megamoera subtener (Stimpson 1864) (from Jarrett, N. and E. Bousfield. 1996, The Amphipod
Superfamily Hadzioidea on the Pacific Coast of North America: Family Melitidae. Part I. The
Melita Group: systematic^ and distributional ecology. Amphipacifica 2(2):3-74)

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

e-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President Don Cadien (310)830-2400 ext, 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mbIcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 cam@san.ci,Ia.ca.us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1-4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5 - 7 (compilation).$ 15.00

Volumes 8 - 13.$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

10

SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL

** PRESQUE ISLE **

SYMPOSIUM ON

AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETES

FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS

Time to think of the seventh symposium! It will be held on the campus of the University of Maine at
Presque Isle during the 18th to 22nd August 1997. You are invited to present a paper on your research
in either oral or poster format, or attend and contribute to discussions on oligochaetology. The major
topics of the papers in the symposium will include morphology, systematics, evolution, biogeography,
ecology, pollution biology, parasite interactions, and physiology of oligochaetes. Contributions on
leech phylogeny and systematics are also welcome. Please share this invitation with your colleagues.

The University of Maine at Presque Isle is one of the smaller campuses in the State University System.
Most of the buildings are new and convenient to the adjacent city. Presque Isle is located in northern
Maine with the Northern Maine Regional airport located only 3km from the campus. Most flights fly
directly the 650km from Presque Isle into the Boston International airport. Presque Isle is situated on
US Route 1, 65km north of the end of Interstate 95, and 30km west of the TransCanada Highway as it
passes through Perth-Andover, New Brunswick, Canada.

Accommodation, meals and scientific sessions will be held on the campus. The accommodation is in
high standard student dormitories, with two people sharing a room. Single person rooms are available
at a slightly higher price. If more expensive motel accommodation is desired, this can be booked at
one of two motels within 300m of the campus. Tentative prices will be a registration fee of $100US
(maximum) and about $40US per day for food and dormitory accommodation. Accurate prices will be
given in the Second Announcement.

Please return your tentative registration form BEFORE I September 1996. If you wish to make an
oral or a poster presentation please indicate which on the attached form. When, and how long your
oral presentation will be, will be announced later. In order to keep the mailing cost as low as possible,
only tentatively registered colleagues will be sent the Second Announcement.

Please complete the enclosed form and mail it to:

Dr. S.R. Gelder

University of Maine at Presque Isle FAX: +207-768-9608

181 Main Street

Presque Isle GELDER@polaris.umpi.jnaine.edu

ME 04769-2888

U.S.A.

* MAINE, U.S.A. *
18 - 22 AUGUST 1997

I look forward to seeing you in 1997!

SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETES
PRESQUE ISLE, MAINE, U.S.A. - 18-22 AUGUST 1997

TENTATIVE REGISTRATION FORM

NAME:_TITLE:

ADDRESS:

TEL. NO. _ FAX:_ E-MAIL: _

Please fill in one of the following:

_I will attend the symposium, and_ enclose (or_will send latter) the registration fee.

_I do not think I will be able to attend, but wish to receive the Second Announcement.

_I will not be attending the Symposium,

NAME OF ACCOMPANYING PERSON (not participating in symposium):_

TITLE OF ORAL PRESENTATION: _

TITLE OF POSTER:

Abstracts of oral and poster presentations MUST be submitted by May 1, 1997

Return the form to: Dr. S.R. Gelder

University of Maine at Presque Isle
181 Main Street

Presque Isle FAX: +207-768-9608

ME 04769-2888

U.S.A. E-mail: GELDER@polaris.umpi.maine.edu

** CALIFORNIA AND THE WORLD OCEAN '97 CONFERENCE**
PARTICIPANTS AND SPONSORS SOUGHT

MIDDLETOWN, CA, U.S.A. — The first statewide effort in over 30 years
to bring together an international group of participants to improve ocean
and coastal resource management along the 1,100 miles of California's
spectacular coastline, the California and the World Ocean ‘97 Conference
(CWO ’97) will take place on March 24-27, 1997 at the Town & Country Hotel
in San Diego.

PAPERS for presentation are invited to address such subjects as local,
state, national, and international governance; ocean and coastal resource
economics; habitats and ecosystem management; water quality; fisheries;
shoreline erosion and processes; science, research and education;
geographic information systems; ports, harbors and shipping safety;
tourism and recreation; desalination; oil and gas development,
transportation, spill prevention, and cleanup; and mineral resource
extraction.

A The DEADLINE for submitting abstracts is July 12, 1996. Abstracts must
be submitted to Orville Magoon, Conference Chair, California and the World
Ocean '97, P.O. Box 279, 21000 Butts Canyon Road, Middletown, California
95461 U.S.A.

A Conference SPONSORS and CO-SPONSORS are being solicited for financial
and in-kind contributions to conference operations in order to keep
registration fees as low as possible. Current Sponsors and Co-Sponsors
include local, State and Federal government agencies, non-profit
organizations, private industry, and international institutions. For more
information about sponsorship, please call Orville Magoon at (707)

987-0411.

A The CWO '97 Announcement and Call for Papers is available on the

INTERNET through the California Ocean Resources Management Program homepage

at:

http ://ce re s. ca. gov/cra/o cea n i

To receive a print copy, contactotmagoon@aol.com or call Sheila Robertson
at (707) 987-2385 extension 208.

Comparison of McLean and SCAMIT E02 taxonomy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2}

ED 2# ED2TAXON

386 Puncturella muttistriata Dali 1914
388 Superfamify Paleltostea
407 Calliostoma turbinum Dali 1895
410 Ha IristyIns pupokJes (Carpenter 1864)

453 Bittium lanm Bartsch 1911

454 Bittium quadritilatuim Carpenter 1864

455 Bittium rugalum (Carpenter 1864}

457 Lirobittium subplanatum (Bartsch 1911)

464 Superfamily Eprlonioklea

466 Asperiscala bellastrieta (Carpenter 1064)

467 Asperiscala Icwei (Dali 1906)

469 Nrtidrscala calalinae (Dali 1906]

470 Nitidiscala hindsii (Carpenter 1665)

471 Nitidiscala irdianorum (Carpenter 1864)

472 Nitidiscala sawinae (Dali 1903)

473 Nitidiscala tincta (Carpenter 1865)

47 7 Opalia spangiosa (Carpenter 1866)

462 Eulima califomiea Bartsch 1917
4S3 Melanella bakeri Bartsch 1917
464 Melanella bemyi Bartsch 1917

485 Melanella caialinensis Bartsch 1917

486 Metanella compacts Carpenter 1664
467 Melanellagrippi Bartsch 1917

436 Melanella micans (Carpenter 1864)

489 Melanella oUroydi Bartsch 1917

490 Melanetta rutila (Carpenter 1864)

494 Family Fossarkiae

495 Macromphalina calrfomica Gall 1903
502 Crepidula dorsata (Broderip 1834)

505 Crepidula num maria Gould 1646
508 Crepipatella charybdis (Berry 1940)

524 Dekmovofva aequo lis vidferi (G. B. Sowerby I11861)

525 Spiculata barbarensis (DatM892)

526 Spiculata loabbeckeana (Wernkauff 1031)

532 Austrotrophon cenosensis catalnensis J. S. GJdngyd 1
534 Boreotrophon bentleyi (Dali 1908)

536 Forreria belcheri (Hinds 1343)

536 Ocenebra beta (Dali 1919)

539 Ocenebra foveolata (Hinds 1644)

582 Admete couthouyi (Jay 1839)

583 Admete rhyssa (Dali 1919)

534 Canoellaria cooperi Gabb 1665
565 Cancellaria crawfordiana (Dali 1891)

594 Antiptanes perversus (Gabb 1865)

595 Antiplanes santarosanus (Dali 1902)

597 Oaphnella clathrata (Gabb 1865)

596 Elaeoeyma ampyrosia (Dali 1099)

599 Kurtzia arteaga (Dali & Bartsch 1910)

600 Kurtziella beta (Dali 1919)

601 Kurtziella plumbea (Hinds 1843)

602 Kylix haioc^dne (Dali 1919)

605 Oeopota regulus (Dali 1919)

606 Ophtodermella cancellata (Carpenter 1064)

607 Ophioderm alia fancherae (Dali 1903)

608 Ophiodermella inermis (H inds 1843)

609 PieurotamellaherrrineaDalll919

610 Pseudemelatom a penicillata (C arpenter 1864)

McLEAN 1996 equivalent
C ranopsis multistriata (OaJ11914)

Superfamily Acmaeoktea
Calliostoma turbinum Dali 1896
Halistylus pupoideus (Carpenler 1864)
Lirobitlium latum (Bartsch 1911)

Lirobitfium quadrffi latum (Carpenter 1664)
Urobittium rugalum (Carpenter 1664)
Lirobittium rugalum (Carpenter 1864)
Superfamily Jarthinoidea
Epitonium beilastriatum (Carpenter 1064)
Epitonium lowei (Dali 1906)

Epitonium sawinae (Oa.ll 1903)

Epitonium hindsii (Carpenler 1856)

Epitonium indianorum (Carpenter 1864)
Epitonium sawinae (Dali 1903)

Epitonium linctum (Carpenter 1865)

Nodiscala spongiosa (Carpenter 1864)

Eulima raymondi Rivers 1904
Pseudosablnelle bakeri (Bartsch 1917)

Balds berryi (Bartsch 1917)

VHreotira macra (Bartsch 1917)

Balds Compacts (Carpenter 1864)

Vitreolina Columbians [Bartsch 1917)

Balds micans (Carpenter 1664)

Balds oldrcydae (Bartsch 1917)

Polygireulima rutila (Carpenter 1864)
Superfamily Varikoroidea
Family Vanikoridae

Megabmphaius calrfornicus (Dali 1903)
Crepipatella dorsata (Broderip 1©34)

Crepidula glottidiarum Dali 1905
Crepipatella orbiculata (Dali 1919)

Neostmnia aequalis (G. B. Sowerby 11032)
Neosimnia barbarensis (Dali 1892)

Neosimnia loabbeckeana (Weinhauff 1881)
Austrotrophon catalrnensis I. S- Ofdroyd 1927
Boreotrophon bentleyi Dali 1900
Fomeria belcheri (Hinds 1844)

Ocrnebrina beta (Dali 1919)

Ocinebrina foveotota (Hinds 1044)

Admete gradlior (Carpenter 1069)

Admete gradlior (Carpenler 1669)

Cancellaria cooperii Gabb 1865
Cancellaha cnawfordiana Dali 1891
Antiplanes catalinae (Raymond 1904)
Antiplanes thalea (Dali 1902)

Oaphnella clathrata (Gabb 1865)

Elaeoeyma empyrosia (Dali 1899)

Kurtzia arteaga (Dali & Bartsch 1910)

Kurtzina beta (Dali 1919)

Kurtziella plumbaa (Hinds 1843)

Kylix halccydne (Dali 1919)

Oeopota regukts (Dali 1919)

Ophlodermelia cancellata (Carpenter 1664)
Ophiodermella fancherae [Dali 1903)
Ophicdermella inermis (Reave, 1S43)
delete from list

Pseudomelatcma penidllata (Carpenter 1064)

COMMENTS

separation of this and several other spedes from Puncturella based on anatomy
this usage is attributed to Lindberg 1988
correction to publication date of original description
comection to spelling of specific epithet

reallocation following Houbrick's 1993 anatomical investigations

by implication all in the subfamily in California except Stylidium are in Lirobittium

reallocated as above

new synonymy based on reexamination of types

in discussion of following species on pg 68, and for the same reason

Asperiscala returned to subgeneric level based on Bouchet & Waran 1986

Nitidiscala returned to subgeneric level based on Bouchet & Waren 1986, new synonymy

genanc allocation as above, publication date of original description rectified

generic allocation as above

generic allocation as above

reassignment not mentioned, but inferred from above

raised from subgeneric status to generic status here

the Pleistocene fossil name was overlooked previously, new synonymy

generic reassignment in McLean 1995

reassignment based on McLean's commenls on and diagnosis of Balds, net explicit in his pap
generic reassignment and new synonymy herein, but based on the generic concept of Waren 1
reassignment based on McLean's commenls on and diagnosis of Balcis, not explicit in his pap
generic reassignment and new synonymy herein, but based Dn the generic concept of Waren 1
reassignment explicit in the paper

reassignment explicit in the paper, emendation of the name to reflect dedication to Ida Ofdroyd
reassignment explicit in the paper

Family Vanikoridae not in same superfamily as family Fossaridae
transfer of our species follows Waren and Bouehat 1938
generic synonymy fotlows Gougenot and Le Renard 1901
genus submerged by Hoagfand 1977 resurrected herein

a situs form in Hoag land 1977, raised to specific status here - nummaria still good elsewhere
new synonymy

listed under genus without other comment

listed with Spiculata in synonymy, but Cate’s genus not listed as synonym under genus

type species of Spiculata, but treated as a Neosimnia: assume Spiculata used as subgenus

relumed to full specific status here

comection to original allocation of species

year of publication corrected in discussion of Austrotrophon

all E. Pacific species previously placed in Ocenebra transferred to Ocinabrina per Votes

as above. + synonymy changed & 0, barbarensis removed from O, foveolata synonymy

couthouyi still OK, this record based on couthouyi gradlior, raised to full spedes status here

new synonymy - woodward! & saftoni also submerged Into gradlior

cooperi was an unjustified emendation

correction of original designation to Cancellaria

perversa preoccupied, catalinae next available name (voyi extinct)

new synonomy

transfer to family Conidae as per revision of Taylor et al 1993
transfer to family Pseudomelatomidae as per revision of Taylor et al 1993
transfer to family Conidae as per revision of Taylor et al 1993
Kurtzina raised to generic status, transfer to Conidae as par above
transfer to family Conidae as per revision of Taylor et al 1993
transfer to family Psaudomelafomidae as per revision of Taylor et al 1993
transfer to family Conidae as per revision of Taylor et al 1993
transfer to family Conidae as per revision Of Taylor et al 1993
transfer to family Conidae as per revision of Taylor et al 1993
authorship corrected; transfer to family Conidae as per above

this would be transferred to the Pseudomelatomidae, but has been found to be a mis-id
transfer to family Psaudam elatom idee as per revision of Taylor et al 1993

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Classification of the taxa currently placed in "Mesogastropoda” and "Neogastropoda"
following Ponder and Waren 1988, with additions from Taylor et al 1993 for conids
“Archaeogastropoda" follows Hazprunnar 1988 in general; with additions from
Hickman & McLean 1990, and Lindberg 1988

Opisthobranch classification from Mikkelsen 1996, and other sources

Class Gastropoda

Subclass Prosobranchia

Superorder Archaeogastropoda
Order Patellogastropoda
Suborder Nacellina

Superfamily Acmaeoidea
Family Lepetidae

Iothia lindbergi McLean 1985
Family Acmaeidae

Acmaea mitra Rathke 1833
Family Lottiidae

Lottia strigatella (Carpenter 1864)

Niveotectura funiculata (Carpenter 1864)

Order Vetigastropoda

Superfamily Fissurelloidea
Family Fissurellidae

Subfamily Emarginulinae

Cranopsis multistriata (Dali 1914)

Puncturella cooper! Carpenter 1864

Puncturella eyerdami Dali 1924
Puncturella punctocostata Berry 1947

Puncturella ralphi Berry 1947
Scelidotoma bella (Gabb 1865)

Hemitoma bella (Gabb 1865)

Subemarginula yatesii Dali 1901
Superfamily Scissurelloidea
Family Scissurellidae
Subfamily Anatominae

Anatoma crispata (Fleming 1832}

Scissurella kelseyi Dali 1905
Scissurella chiricova Dali 1919
Superfamily Trochoidea
Family Turbinidae
Subfamily Liotiinae

Macarene farallonensis {A,G. Smith 1952)

Subfamily Colloniinae

Homalopoma berryi McLean 1964
Homalopoma cordellensis McLean 1996
Homalopoma draperi McLean 1984
Homalopoma paucicostatum (Dali, 1871)

Subfamily Turbininae

Lithopoma undosa (Wood 1828)

Subfamily Tricoliinae

Eulithidium compta (Gould 1855)

Eulithidium pulloides (Carpenter 1865)

1

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Eulithidium rubrilineata Strong 1928
Eulithidium substriata Carpenter 1864
Family Trochidae

Subfamily Tegulinae

Norrisia norrisi (Sowerby 1838}

Tegula aureotincta Forbes 1850
Subfamily Calliotropinae

Bathybembix bairdii (Dali 1889)

Solariella oxybasis Dali 1890
Cidarina cidaris (Carpenter 1864)

Subfamily Calliostomatinae

Calliostoma annulatum (Lightfoot 1786)

Calliostoma canaliculatum (Lightfoot 1786)
Calliostoma gemmulatum Carpenter 1864
Calliostoma gloriosum Dali 1871
Calliostoma keenae McLean 1970
Calliostoma platinum Dali 1890
Calliostoma supragranosum Carpenter 1864

Calliostoma splendens Carpenter 1864
Calliostoma titanium McLean 1984
Calliostoma tricolor Gabb 1865
Calliostoma turbinum Dali 1896
Calliostoma variegatum Carpenter 1864
Subfamily Solariellinae

Solariella nuda Dali 1896
Solariella peramabilis Carpenter 1864
Solariella rhyssa Dali 1919
Subfamily Halistylinae

Halistylus pupoideus (Carpenter 1864)

Subfamily Lirulariinae

Lirularia acuticostata (Carpenter 1864)

Lirularia parcipicta (Carpenter 1864}

Superorder Caenogastropoda
Order Neotaenioglossa
Suborder Discopoda

Superfamily Cerithioidea
Family Litiopidae
Alaba sp

Family Cerithiidae
Subfamily Bittiinae

Lirobittium fetellum (Bartsch 1911)

Lirobittium larum (Bartsch 1911)

Lirobittium lomaense Bartsch 1911

lirobittium asperum lomaense Bartsch 1911
Lirobittium paganicum (Dali 1919)

Lirobittium quadrifilatum (Carpenter 1864)

Lirobittium rugatum (Carpenter 1864)

Lirobittium subplanatum Bartsch 1911
Alabina calena Dali 1919

2

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Family Turritellidae

Subfamily TuiritelUnae

Turitella cooper! Carpenter 1864

TurriteUa jewetti Carpenter 1864
Turritella orthosymmetrica Berry 1953
Superfamily Littorinoidea
Family Littorinidae

Subfamily Lacuninae

Lacuna unifasciata Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter 1857
Superfamily Cingulopsidoidea
Family Barleeidae

Barleeia calif or nica Bart soli 1920
Barleeia subtenuis Carpenter 1864
Lirobarleeia keiseyi (Dali and Bartsch 1902)

Family Rissoidae

Subfamily Rissoinae

Alvania compacta (Carpenter 1864)

Alvania acutelirata (Carpenter 1864)

Alvania rosana Bartsch 1911

Alvania burrardensis Bartsch 1921
Alvania tumida Carpenter 1857
Family Truncatellidae
Cecina sp
Family Vitrinellidae

Vitrinella berxyi Bartsch 1907
Vitrinella eschnauri Bartsch 1907

Vitrinella eschnaurae Abbott 1974
Teinostoma salvania Dali 1919
Vitrinella oldraydi Bartsch 1907
Family Adeorbidae

Subfamily Adeorbinae
Circulus sp

Subfamily Teinostomatinae

Teinostoma supravallatum (Carpenter 1864)

Family Caecidae

Subfamily Caecinae

Caecum califomicum Dali in Orcutt 1885
Caecum crebricinctum Carpenter 1864

Micranellum petroense Bartsch 1920
Micranellum catalinense Bartsch 1920
Micranellum profundicolum Bartsch 1920
Micranellum barkleyense Bartsch 1920
Micranellum oregonense Bartsch 1920
Micranellum rosanum Bartsch 1920
Caecum dalli Bartsch 1920
Fartulum occidentale (Bartsch 1920)

Superfamilly Vanikoroidea
Family Hipponicidae

Hipponix antiquatus Linnaeus 1767

3

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Family Vanikoridae

Subfamily Vanikorinae

Megalomphalus californicus (Dali 1903)

Macromphalina califomica Dali 1903
Megalomphalus schmiederi McLean 1996
Superfamily Calyptraeoidea
Family Calyptraeidae

Calyptraea contorta (Carpenter 1865)

Calyptreae fastigiata Gould 1856
Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin 1791)

Crepidula adunca G. B. Sowerbyl 1825
Crepidula glottidiarum Dali 1905

"Crepidula nummaria Gould 1846" aucct.
Crepidula naticarum Williamson 1905
Crepidula norrisiarum Williamson 1905
Crepidula onyx G.B. Sowerby 11824
Crepidula perforans (Valenciennes 1846)

Crepipatella dorsata (Broderip 1834)

Crepidula lingulata Gould 1846
Crepidula bilobata "Gray" Reeve 1859
Crepidula fissurata G.B* Sowerby II1883
Crepipatella orbiculata (Dali 1919)

Verticumbo charybdis Berry 1940
Crucibulum spinosum (G.B. Sowerby 1 1824)

Superfamily Vermetoidea
Family Vermetidae

Petaloconchus sp
Superfamily Cypraeoidea
Family Ovulidae

Subfamily Ovulinae

Neosimniaaequalis (G.B. Sowerbyl 1832)

Delonavoiva aequalis vidleri (G.B. Sowerby II1881)
Neosimnia barbarensis (Dali 1892)

Spiculata barbarensis (Dali 1892)

Neosimnia catalinensis Berry 1916
Neosimnia loebbeckeana (Weinkauff 1881)

Spiculata loebbeckeana (Weinkauff 1881)
Superfamily Lamellarioidea
Family Triviidae

Subfamily Triviinae

Trivia califomiana (J.E. Gray 1827)

Trivia ritteri Raymond 1903
Family Lamellariidae

Subfamily Lamellariinae

Lamellaria diegoensis Dali in Orcutt 1885
Superfamily Naticoidea
Family Naticidae

Subfamily Naticinae

Cryptonatica off inis (Gmelin 1791)

Natica clausa Broderip and G.B. Sowerby 11829

4

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Subfamily Polinicinae

Calinaticina oldroydii (Dali 1897)

Eunaticina oldroydii (Dali 1897}

Euspira pallida (Broderip and Sowerby 1829)

Neverita reclusiana (Deshayes 1839)

Polinices draconis (Dcdl 1903)

Polinices lewisii (Gould 1847)

Subfamily Sigaretinae

Sinum scopulosum (Conrad 1849)

Superfamily Tonnaidea
Family Bursidae

Crossata californica (Hinds 1843)

Superfamily Triphoroidea
Family Cerithiopsidae
Cerithiopsis sp
SuperfamOy Janthinoidea
Family Epitoniidae

Subfamily Epitoniinae

Epitonium berryi (Dali 1907)

Scala rectilaminata Dali 1907
Nitidiscala catalinense {Dali 1917)

Epitonium bellastriatum {Carpenter 1864)

Asperi scala bellastriata (Carpenter 1864)
Epitonium hindsii (Carpenter 1856)

Epitonium persuturum Dali 1917
Epitonium contrertasi Jordan and Hertlein 1926
Epitonium cooperi Strong 1930
Epitonium indianorum (Carpenter 1864)

Nitidiscala indianorum (Carpenter 1864)
Epitonium columbianum Dali 1917
Epitonium montereyensis Dali 1917
Sccdaria regiomontana Dali in DeBoury 1919
Epitonium lowei (Dali 1906)

Asperiscala lowei (Dali 1906)

Epitonium politum (G.B. Sowerby II 1844)

Depressiscala polita (G,B. Sowerby II 1844)
Epitonium sawinae (Dali 1903)

Nitidiscala sawinae (Dali 1903)

Epitonium acrostephanus Dali 1908
Epitonium catcdinae Dali 1908
Epitonium tabulatum Dali 1917
Epitonium regium Dali 1917
Epitonium tinctum (Carpenter 1865)

Nitidiscala tinctum (Carpenter 1865)

Nodiscala spongiosa (Carpenter 1864)

Opalia spongiosa Carpenter 1864
Opalia retiporosa Carpenter 1864
Opalia borealis Keep 1881
Opalia funiculata (Carpenter 1837)

Opalia montereyensis (Dali 1907)

5

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Superfamily Eulimoidea
Family Eulimidae

Balcis berryi (Bartsch 1917)

Balcis compacta (Carpenter 1864)

Balcis micans (Carpenter 1864)

Melanella micans (Carpenter 1864)

Balcis oldroydae (Bcartsch 1917)

Melanella oldraydi Bartsch 1917
Melanella micans borealis Bartsch 1917
Eulima almo (Bartsch 1917)

Eulima raymondi Rivers 1904

Strombiformis riversi Bartsch 1917
Strombiformis califomica Bartsch 1917
Strombifonnis lapazana Bartsch 1917
Strombiformis townsendi Bartsch 1917
Haliella abyssicola Bartsch 1917
Polygireulima rutila (Carpenter 1864)

Melanella rutila (Carpenter 1864)

Pseudosabinella baked (Bartsch 1917)

Melanella bakeri (Bartsch 1917}

Alaba catalinensis Bartsch 1920
Alaba serrana Smith and Gordon 1948
Vitreolina Columbiana (Bartsch 1917)

Melanella grippi Bartsch 1917
Balcis titubans Berry 1956
Vitreolina macra (Bartsch 1917)

Melanella macra Bartsch 1917
Melanella catalinensis Bartsch 1917
Melanella prefalcata Bartsch 1917
Balcis obstipa Berry 1954
Vitreolina yod (Carpenter 1857)

Melanella yod (Carpenter 1857)

Melanella taravali Bartsch 1917

Order Neogastropoda

Super-family Muricoidea
Family Muricidae

Subfamily Ocenebrinae

Austrotrophon catalinensis LS. Oldroyd 1927

Austrotrophon cerrosensis catalinensis of Abbott 1974
Ceratostoma nuttalli (Conrad 1837)

Forreria belcheri (Hinds 1844)

Ocinebrina barbarensis (Gabb 1865)

Ocenebra crispatissima Berry 1953
Ocinebrina beta (Dali 1919)

Tntonium luridum Middendorff 1848
Vitularia aspera Baird 1863
Ocinebra lurida var munda Carpenter 1864
Ocinebrina foveolata (Hinds 1844)

Pteropurpura festiva (Hinds 1844)

Pteropurpura macroptera (DeShayes 1839)

Pteropurpura trialata (G.B. Sowerbyll 1834)

Pteropurpura vokesae Emerson 1964

6

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAM IT Newsletter 15(2)

Subfamily Trophoninae

Boreotrophon apolyonis (Dcdl 1919)

Boreotrophon avalonensis Dali 1902

Neptunea callicerata Dali 1919
Neptunea staphylina Dali 1919
Boreotrophon bentieyi Dali 1908
Boreotrophon eucymatus Dali 1902
Boreotrophon hazard! McLean 1996
Boreotrophon kabati McLean 1996
Boreotrophon keep! (Strong and Hertlein 1937)

Boreotrophon multicostatus (Eschscholtz 1829)

Boreotrophon peregrinus Dali 1902
Boreotrophon pedroanus (Arnold 1903)

Trophon stuarti var. praecursor Arnold 1903
Boreotrophon raymondi (Moody 1916)

Boreotrophon stuarti (E. A. Smith 1880)

Boreotrophon smith! Dali 1902
Boreotrophon tolomius (Dali 1919)

Boreotrophon triangulatus (Carpenter 1864}

Trophon albospinosus Willett 1931
Oceanotrophon painei (Dali 1903)

Scabrotrophon cerritensis (Arnold 1903)

Nipponotrophon scitulus (Dali 1891) of Myers and D'Attilio 1980
Scabrotrophon dark! McLean 1996
Scabrotrophon grovesi McLean 1996

"Trophon lasius (Dali 1919)" in part of Willett 1938
"Nipponotrophon scitulus (Dali 1891)" in part of myers and D'Attilio 1
Scabrotrophon lasius (Dali 1919)

Scabrotrophon maltzani (Kobert and Kiister 1878)

"Trophon tenui sculpt a Carpenter 1866" aucct.

Trophon subserratus G. B, Sowerby II1880
'Trophon lasius (Dali 1919)" in part of Willett 1938
"Trophonopsis lasius (Dali 1919}" in part of Abbott 1974
"Nipponotrophon lasius (Dali 1919)' r of Radwin and D'Attilio 1976
Subfamily Muricopsinae

Maxwellia santarosana (G.B. Sowerby II 1879}

Subfamily Coralliophilinae

Babelomurex oldroydi (I.S. Oldroyd 1929)

Family Turbinellidae

Subfamily Ptychatyractinae
Exilioidea kelseyi (Dali 1908)

Exilioidea rectirostris (Carpenter 1864)

PKcifusus obsoletus Talmadge 1971
Metzgeria sp
Family Buccinidae

Kelletia keiletii (Forbes 1850)

Neptunea amianta (Dali 1890)

Neptunea tabulat a (Baird 1863)

Family Nassariidae

Nassarius delosi Woodring in Woodring et al 1946
Nassarius fossatus (Gould 1849)

7

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAM IT Newsletter 15(2)

Nassarius insculptus (Carpenter 1864)

Alectrion insculptus var. eupleura Dali 1917
Nassarius insculptus gordanus Hertlein and Strong 1951
Nassarius mendicus (Gould 1849)

Nassarius cooperi (Forbes 1852)

Nassarius indisputabilis (Oldroyd 1927)

Nassarius perpinguis (Hinds 1844)

Nassarius rhinetes Berry 1953

"Nassa californiana (Conrad 1856)" of Dcdl 1891
"Nassarius califomianus" of Grant and Gale 1931
"Nassarius californianus" of Demond 1952
Family Fasciolariidae

Fusinus barbarensis (Trask 1855)

Fusinus luteopictus (Dali 1877)

Family Columbellidae
Subfamily Pyrerxinae

Aesophus eurytoideus (Carpenter 1864)

Alia carinata (Hinds 1844)

Alia tuberosa (Carpenter 1864}

Amphissa bicolor Dali 1892
Amphissa Columbiana (Dali 1916)

Amphissa undata (Carpenter 1864)

Amphissa ventricosa Arnold 1903
Amphissa reticulata Dali 1916
Amphissa versicolor Dali 1871
Astryris aurantiaca (Dali 1871)

Astyris gausapata (Gould 1850)

Nitidella gouldii Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter 1857
Columbella dalli E. A, Smith 1880
Nitidella ?lutulenta Dali 1919
Alia casciana Dali 1919
Astyris permodesta (Dali 1890)

Nassarina penicillata (Carpenter 1864)

Family Olividae

Subfamily Olivellinae

Olivella baetica Carpenter 1864
Olivella biplicata (G. B. Sowerby 1 1825)

Olivella pycna Berry 1935
Family Marginellidae

Subfamily Marginellinae

Volvarina taeniolata (Morch 1860)

Family Cystiscidae

Plesiocystiscus myrmecoon (Dali 1919)

Subfamily Granulininae

Granulina margaritula (Carpenter 1857}

Family Mitridae

Subfamily Mitrinae

Mitra idae Melvill 1893
Superfamily Cancellarioidea
Family Cancellariidae

8

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Subfamily Cancellariinae

Cancellaria cooperii Gabb 1865
Cane ellaria crawfordiana (Dali 1891)

Cancellaria decussata (G. B. Sowerby II 1832)

Subfamily Admetinae

Admete gracilior (Carpenter 1869)

Superfamily Conoidea [reorganized to reflect findings of Taylor et al 1993]
Family Turridae

Subfamily Crassispirinae

Crassispira semiinflata (Grant & Gale 1931)

Pseudotaranis hyperia (Dali 1919)

Pseudotaranis strong! (Arnold 1903)

Borsonia inculta Moody 1916
Subfamily Cochespirinae

Megasurcula carpenteriana (Gabb 1865)

Megasurcula stearnsiana (Raymond 1904)

Subfamily Turrinae

Antiplances briseis Dcdl 1919
Antiplanes catalinae (Raymond 1904)

Pleurotoma perversa Gabb 1865 [not Philippi 18473
"Antiplanes perversa Gabb 1865" of Oldroyd 1927
Antiplanes major Bartsch 1944
"Antiplanes voyi (Gabb 1866>" of Abbott 1974
Antiplanes gabbi Kantor and Sysoev 1991
Antiplanes thalia (Dali 1902)

Antiplanes santarosana Dali 1902
Pleurotoma smithi Arnold 1903
Antiplanes rotula Dali 1921
Antiplanes willetti Berry 1953
Carinoturris adrastia Dali 1919
Carinoturris fortis Bartsch 1944
Rhodopetoma diaulax (Dali 1908)

Borsonella rhodope DaU 1919
Rhodopetoma renaudi (Arnold 1903)

Family Pseudomelotomidae

Haeocyma empyrosia (Dcdl 1899)

Kylix halocydne (Dali 1919)

Pseudomelatoma penicillata (Carpenter 1864)

Family Conidae

Subfamily Coninae

Conus californicus Hinds 1844
Subfamily Clathurellinae

Borsonella bartschi (Arnold 1903)

Borsonella civitella Dali 1919
Borsonella nicoli Dali 1919
Borsonella coronadoi (Dali 1908)

Borsonella nychia Dali 1919
Borsonella hooveri (Arnold 1903)

Borsonella merriami (Arnold 1903)

Borsonella omphale Dali 1919

Pleurotoma dalli Arnold 1903
Borsonella angelena Hanna 1924

9

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAM IT Newsletter 15(2)

Borsonella pinosensis Bartsch 1944
Ophiodermella cancellata (Carpenter 1864}

Pleurotoma vancouverensis E. A. Smith 1880
Surcula rhlnes Dali 1908
Moniliopsis chacei Berry 1941
Ophiodermella fancherae (Dali 1903)

Ophiodermella inermis (Reeve 1843)

Drillia incisa Carpenter 1864
Surcula ophioderma Dali 1908
Turns halcyonis Dali 1908
Ophiodermella montereyensis Bartsch 1944
Subfamily Oenopotinae
Oenopota regulus
Subfamily Mangeliinae

Crockerella castianira (Dali 1919)

Crockerella conradiana {Gabb 1869}

Crockerella crystallma (Gabb 1865)

Crockerella cymodoce (Dali 1919)

Crockerella eriphyle (Dali 1919}

Crockerella evadne (Dali 1919)

Crockerella lowei (Dali 1903)

"Clathurella crystallina Gabb 1865' r of Abbott 1974
Philbertia hesione Dali 1919
Crockerella philodoce (Dali 1919)

Crockerella scotti McLean 1996
Crockerella tridesmia (Berry 1941)

Kurtzia arteaga (Dcdl and Bartsch 1910)

"Mangelia sculpturata (Dali 1887)" of Arnold
Mangelia arteaga roperi Dali 1919
Kurtzia gordoni Bartsch 1944
Kurtziella plumbea (Hinds 1844)

Kurtzinabeta (Dali 1919)

Mangelia hexagona Gabb 1865
Subfamily Daphnellinae

Daphnella clathrata Gabb 1865
Family Terebridae

Terebra hemphilli Vanatta 1924
Terebra pedroana Dali 1908
Subclass Heterobranchia

Order ? = "Lower Heterobranchia 11 of Mikkelsen
Superfamily Acteonoidea
Family Acteonidae

Acteon traskii Steams 1898
Migroglyphis brevicula (Dali 1902)

Rictaxis painei Dali 1903

Rictaxis punctocaelatus (Carpenter 1864}

Order Heterostropha

Superfamily Pyramidelloidea
Family Pyramidellidae

Subfamily Odostomiinae

Iselica ovoidea (Gould 1853)

Odostomia astricta Dali & Bartsch 1907

10

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Odostomia canfieldi Dcdl 1908
Odostomia Clementina Dali & Bartsch 1909
Odostomia Columbiana Dcdl & Bartsch 1907
Odostomia eucosmia Dali & Bartsch 1909
Odostomia eugena Dali & Bartsch 1909
Odostomia gravida Gould 1852
Odostomia laxa Dali & Bartsch 1909
Odostomia ritteri Dali & Bartsch 1909
Odostomia ienuisculpta Carpenter 1864
Odostomia virginalis Dali & Bartsch 1909
Odostomia sp D MBC 1980
Subfamily Turbonillinae

Turbonilla almo Dali & Bartsch 1909
Turbonilla castanea Keep 1887
Turbonilla chocolata (Carpenter 1864)
Turbonilla diegensis Dali & Bartsch 1909
Turbonilla kelseyi Dali & Bartsch 1909
Turbonilla nuttingi Dali & Bartsch 1909
Turbonilla raymondi Dali & Bartsch 1909
Turbonilla regina Dali & Bartsch 1909
Turbonilla santarosana Dali & Bartsch 1909
Turbonilla tenuicula (Gould 1853)

Turbonilla sp A SCAMIT 1988
Subfamily Cyclostremellinae

Cyclostremella californica Bartsch 1907
Cyclostremella coronadoensis (Arnold 1903)

Infraclass Euthyneura
Superorder Opisthobranchia
Order "Architedibranchia"

Family Hydatinidae

Parvaplustrum sp A SCAMIT 1995
Parvaplustrum sp B SCAMIT 1996
Order Sacoglossa

Family Hermaeidae

Alderia modest a (Loven 1844)

Family Oleidae

Olea hansineensis Agersborg 1923

Order Anaspidea

Superfamily Aplysioidea
Family Aplysiidae

Aplysia californica J. G. Cooper 1863
Order Cephalaspidea

Superfamily Bulloidea
Family Bullidae

Bulla gouldiana Pilsbry 1895
Family Haminaeidae

Haminaea vesicula Gould 1855
Haminaea virescens (G. B. Sowerby 1 1833)
Superfamily Philinoidea
Family Scaphandridae

Acteocina harpa (Dcdl 1871)

Acteocina inculta (Gould 1855)

11

Suggested Gastropod Hierarchy

SCAMIT Newsletter 15(2)

Tornastra culciteUa (Gould 1853)

Tomastra eximia {Board 1863)

Family Cylichnidae

Cylichna diegensis {Dali 1919)

Family Aglajidae

Aglaja ocelligera (Bergh 1894)

Melanochlamys diomedea (Bergh 1894)
Navanax inermis (J. G. Cooper 1863)

Family Philinidae

Philine alba Mattox 1958
Philine auriformis Suter 1909
Philine bakeri Dali 1919
Philine californica Willett 1944
Philine sp A SCAMIT 1988
Bullomorpha sp A SCAMIT 1995
Family Gastropteridae

Gastropteron pacificum Bergh 1894

Family Retusidae

Sulcoretusa xystrum (Dali 1919)

Volvulella californica Dali 1919
Volvulella catharia Dali 1919
Volvulella cylindrica (Carpenter 1864)
Volvulella panamica Dali 1919
Superfamily Diaphanoidea
Family Diaphanidae

Diaphana californica Dali 1919

Order Notaspidea

Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea
Family Pleurobranchaeidae

Pleurobranchaea californica MacFarland 1966
Family Pleurobranchidae

Berthella californica (Dali 1900)

Order Nudibranchia [no changes from current configuration]
Superorder Pulmonata

12

SCAMIT NEWSLETTER 15(2)

SELECTED REFERENCES ON GASTROPOD HIGHER CLASSIFICATION

BIELER, RUDIGER, 1992, Gastropod phylogeny and systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and
Systematics (23):31I-338.

BOUCHET, PIERRE, and Anders Waren. 1986. Revision of the northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal
Aclididae, Eulimidae, Epitoniidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Bollettino Malacologico (Supplemento
2):299-576.

COOVERT, GARY A., and Holly K. Coovert. 1995. Revision of the supraspecific classification of
marginellifomi gastropods. The Nautilus 109(2-3):43-110.

HASZPRUNAR, GERHARD. 1985. The Heterobranchia - a new concept of the phylogeny of the higher
Gastropoda. Zeitschrift fur zoologische Systematic und Evolutionsforschung 23:15-37,

—. 1988. On the origin and evolution of major gastropod groups, with special reference to the
Streptoneura. Journal of Molluscan Studies 54(4):367-441.

—. 1988. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the streptoneurous gastropods. Malacological Review
(Supplement 4): 7-16,

—. 1988. Comparative anatomy of cocculiniform gastropods and its bearing on archaeogastropod
systematics. Malacological Review (Supplement 4):64-84.

HICKMAN, CAROLE S. 1988. Archaeogastropod evolution, phylogeny and systematics: a re-evaluation.
Malacological Review (Supplement 4): 17-34,

HICKMAN, CAROLE S., and Janies H. McLean. 1990. Systematic revision and suprageneric classification
of trochacean gastropods. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series
(35): 1-169.

HOUBRICK, RICHARD S. 1988. Cerithioidean phylogeny. Malacological Review (Supplement 4): 88-
128.

LIND BERG, DAVID R. 1988. The Patellogastropoda. Malacological Review (Supplement 4): 35-63.

MIKKELSEN, PAULA M. 1996, The evolutionary relationships of Cephalaspidea s.l. (Gastropoda:
Opisthobranchia): a phylogenetic analysis. Malacologia 37(2):375-442.

PONDER, WINSTON F. 1988. The truncatelloidean ( = Rissoacean) radiation - a preliminary phylogeny.
Malacological Review (Supplement 4): 129-166.

PONDER, WINSTON F., and Anders War£n. 1988. Classification of the Caenogastropoda and
Heterostropha - a list of the family-group names and higher taxa. Malacological Review (Supplement
4):288- 326.

SALVINI-PLAWEN, LUITFRIED VON. 1980. A reconsideration of systematics in the Mollusca
(phylogeny and higher classification). Malacologia 19(2):249-278.

SALVINI-PLAWEN, LUITFRIED VON, and G. Haszprunar. 1987. The Vetigastropoda and the
systematics of streptoneurous Gastropoda (Mollusca). Journal of Zoology, London 211(4):747-770.

TAYLOR, JOHN D,, Y. I. Kantor, and A. V. Sysoev. 1993. Foregut anatomy, feeding mechanisms,
relationships and classification of the Conoidea (=Toxoglossa)(Gastropoda). Bulletin of the Natural
History Museum of London (Zoology) 59(2): 125-170.

TAYLOR, JOHN D., N. J. Morris, 1988. Relationships of neogastropods. Malacological Review
(Supplement 4): 167-179.

VAUGHT, KAY CUNNINGHAM. 1989. A Classification of the Living Mollusca. American Malacologists,
Melbourne, Florida. 189pp.

WISE, JOHN B. 1996, Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of certain pyramidellid taxa
(Heterobranchia). Malacologia 37(2): 443-511.

Paramunna qiiadratifrons male (left) and female (right) from Iverson and Wilson 1981

Paramunna sp A SCAMIT 1996 male [scale bar - lmmj 100m off Del Mar, coarse sediment

f

f}

I i

July, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15. No.3

NEXT MEETING:

Sphaerodorid polychaetes

GUEST SPEAKER:

Ron Velarde

DATE:

August 12, 1996

TIME:

9:30am - 3:30pm

| LOCATION:

City of San Diego - Marine Biology Lab

4918 N. Harbor Drive Suite 201 |

Spoerodoropsis minuta (from Fauvel 1923)

AUGUST 12 MEETING

At this meeting Ron Velarde (CSDMWWD) will
present the results of his recent study of
sphaerodorid polychaetes. Members arc
encouraged to bring any sphaerodorids they
might have to the meeting for examination. Ron
has several different species that we will examine
at the meeting to demonstrate the distinct
characteristics of this rather uncommon family of
polychaetes. Leslie Harris (NHMLAC) will also
continue her presentation of Northeast Pacific
syllids from the July meeting. If time permits,
we will begin a discussion of Volume 6 -
Annelida Part 3 of the MMS Taxonomic Atlas,
which many members already have copies of.
This volume presents numerous changes to the
taxonomy of our local So. Calif, species of

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA. AND TEXACO INC.

SCAM IT News!filer is noi deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes.

July, 1996

SCAM1T Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 3

polychactcs. If you have your volume you
should bring it, along with your reactions,
opinions, viewpoints, etc.

NEW LITERATURE

A large review published at the end of last year
on species introduced into San Francisco Bay and
the associated Sacramento River Delta was
examined at the meeting (Cohen & Carlton

1995) . According to Leslie Harris, who spent a
week working with this group on the current
year’s investigations of introduced species on her
return from the NAMIT meeting, this publication
is a slightly modified version of Andrew Cohen’s
thesis. The review is packed with information of
interest to SCAM1T members to one degree or
another. 1 was fascinated to read additional
information on the history of the Philine
auriformis introduction into the Bay, and to leam
that it now has the common name "Tortellini
Snail".

In addition to the entries under each introduced
species which summarize (and sometimes extend)
information available on their ecology and
distribution, a lively discussion is provided which
examines mechanisms of introduction, and the
consequences of such introduction in the
receiving ecosystem. The entire document is
eminently readable; a statement which can too
infrequently be applied to NTIS publications.

This is available at $ 49.00 [order number PB96-
1665251 from:

National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Virginia 22161

Order by Phone: 703)487-4650 or via
http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis/ntishomc.html

Three recent articles dealing with morphology
and taxonomy of leptostracan crustaceans were
examined at the meeting. The first (Vetter,

1996) changes the name of our Nebalia sp A
SCAMIT 1995 to Nebalia daytonae Vetter 19%.

We should already be familiar with this taxon.

since figures from Vetter’s manuscript were used
in the creation of the SCAMIT voucher sheet.
Additional information on the animal and a more
complete description are now available.

A second new species of Nebalia was described
from the Northeast Pacific (Martin et ai 1996) in
a paper which also provides keys to the families
and genera of the Leptostraca world-wide.

During preparation of this article it became
necessary to declare Nebalia pugettensis (Clark
1932) a nomen nudum . We do not now have a
valid name for the local species previously
reported as N. pugettensis. Nebalia hessleri
described herein is a very large species
specializing in high-organic reducing habitats,
and probably is not seen by any of the members.
It was described from detrital aggregations in
submarine canyons off Southern California.

The third article (Martin & Christiansen 1996) is
an SEM study of fine structure of the thoracic
limbs of the second new species mentioned
above. A great deal of previously under-
appreciated surface detail is present on these
animals. Its relevance in day-to-day
identification of these animals using non SEM
methods remains unclear.

The latest edition of Scientific American (Vol.

275 No. 1 - July 1996) has three articles of
potential member interest. The first is by Zill
and Seyfarth and concerns the nature of
exoskeletal sensors (particularly slit-organs) in
arthropods. They characterize these structures as
biological * strain gauges" which coordinate when
and how the legs move.

An article by Erwin on the Permian mass
extinction is of perhaps less specialized appeal, at
least for those interested in the history of life as
well as it’s current manifestations.

Finally there is an article exploring the nature of
copyright as it applies to electronic publishing
and information exchange. This article (Okcrson
1996) continues the previous discussions of
copyright as it applies to scientific research

2

July, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 3

through the principle of fair use, and extends the
discussion into the more tendentious arena of
electronic communications. Although there is
ample historical precedent for paper-based
publishing, and the legal rights pertaining to it,
electronic publishing and information networking
arc an entirely new area, and one with differing
types of usage.

As SCAMIT and it’s members contemplate
moving to electronic publication of this
Newsletter, and other activities on the Internet or
the World Wide Web, we need to consider the
issues raised in this article. It can serve as an
introduction to the subject for those interests may
bring them into contact with the new laws
currently being considered for the control of
intellectual property on electronic media.

Members may be interested to know that
abstracts of papers presented at the 5th
International Polychaete Conference in Qingdao,
China in July of 1995 are available at the
Annelida web site, which has recently changed
addresses. Its new location is:

http://www.keil.ukans.edu/ - worms /annelid.html

MMS ATLAS UPDATE

It was reported in last month’s newsletter that
Volume 1 and 4 of the Taxonomic Atlas of the
Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and
Western Santa Barbara Channel are completely
out of print. We have more recent information
that vol. 2 - Sponges and vol. 5 - Annelids, Part
2 are also currently out of print. Unfortunately,
we also learned that the sabellid and serpulid
polychaetes will not be included in the Atlas,
along with lysianassid amphipods. The authors
simply did not have enough time to cover these
groups. Volume 6 - The Annelida, Part 3,
which includes orbiniids, paraonids,
apistobranchids, spionids, poecilochaetids,
chaetopterids, magelonids, cirratulids, and
cossurids, has been published and subscribers to
the series should be getting their copies soon if

they have not already. The chapter on spionids
includes a review of the genera and species from
California and a revision of the genus Polydora.
The chapter on cirratulids represents a revision
of all known genera and species from the eastern
North Pacific. The final annelid volume of the
Atlas is expected to be ready by the end of the
year.

INTERNATIONAL MARINE BIOLOGY
SYMPOSIUM

The 11th International Marine Biology
symposium will be held November 18-22 this
year in La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico. For further
information please refer to the attached flyer.

SIXTH INTERNATIONAL POLYCHAETE
CONFERENCE - FIRST CALL

The first call for papers and announcement of the
schedule of activities for the Sixth International
Polychaete Conference has been received via E-
mail. The Conference will take place in
Curitiba, Brazil between the 2nd and 7th of
August 1998. For planning purposes it is
necessary for those intending to participate to
notify the organizing committee by 1 December
1996. A description of proposed events, an
explanation of available facilities, and a
registration form are attached. Attendees of past
conferences have all returned with glowing
reports, and I am sure that the sixth will be no
exception.

Additional information is available from Paulo da
Cunha Lana, Chairman of the Organizing
Committee at lana@aica.ccm.ufpr.br or
lana@cce.ufjpr.br. As of August 1996 there will
be a WWW Homepage for the conference at
http://cem.ufpr.br/sixthIntpolycconf.html

CORRECTION

Larry Lovell informed members at the July
meeting that his earlier observation (May

3

July, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vo!. 15. No. 3

newsletter, Vol. 15 No. 1) of the polychaete
Nephtys cornuta having a uniramous first setiger
was incorrect. This species docs indeed have a
biramous first setiger with a reduced ncuropod
that has fewer setae. We appreciate Larry
updating us with his continuous study of Nephtys .

RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAM

The National Museum of Natural History is
offering ten-week summer internships for next
year in systematic biology and natural history
research for undergraduate students. The
program dates are May 24, 1997 - August 2,
1997. The application deadline is February 1,
1997. For more information contact:

Mary Sangrcy - Program Coordinator
NHB 166

Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560
Phone:(202) 357-4548
Fax: (202) 786-2563
e-mail: mnhbo012@sivm.si.edu

or see their Internet home page:

http: //www. nmnh .si. cdu/nmnh web. html

MINUTES FROM JULY 8 MEETING

At the meeting Leslie Harris (NI1MLAC) gave
those members present a synopsis of the NAM IT
polychaete meeting, which took place in May in
Newport, Oregon. Leslie had been asked to
examine several phyllodocid and syllid
polychaetes collected and identified by various
agencies and consultants working in the Pacific
Northwest. She presented her findings at the
meeting. Also present at the NAMIT meeting
was Dr. Jim Blake who distributed a handout
based on his cirratulidae chapter from volume 6
of the MMS Atlas (which is not included with
this newsletter due to repetition). Dr. Blake also
examined several cirratulids at the meeting and
demonstrated the use of his key. Leslie did not
have enough time to review the syllids at our

SCAMIT meeting so we will examine Northeast
Pacific Exogone. Brania , and Sphaerosyllis
species at the August meeting. Those members
present at the July meeting may want to bring
Leslie’s handouts of selected characters of
Exogone , Brania , and Sphaerosyllis to the
August meeting and for those of you unable to
attend we will put copies of these handouts in the
August newsletter.

Leslie’s review of Northeast Pacific material
turned up several odd provisional species. The
first phyllodocid we examined was a Pterocirrus
referred to as NAMIT sp. I. It is very different
from our local So. Calif, species Pterocirrus
montereyensis . It has very large eyes and a long
median antenna. The dorsal cirri are an irregular
leaf shape and are generally all shed upon
preservation. The dentition of the setae is more
rounded rather than pointed. The most striking
and distinct character seems to be its
pigmentation. The body has dark brown and
pale yellow stripes across the dorsum with a
triangular brown patch on the posterior part of
the prostomium. Besides this specimen from off
the coast of Oregon 3 others have been found in
LA Harbor in shallow water (<20 M).

Another unusual specimen referred to as Eteone
NAMIT sp. 1 has distinct parallel brown stripes
vertically on the dorsum along the sides of the
animal and also brown pigment in circular
patches on the parapodia with the center of the
patches being clear. The setae have a small
tooth or fang coming off the shaft next to the
very long seta.

A few specimens originally identified as Eulalia
bilineata that are now referred to as Eulalia
NAMIT sp. 1 from Barkcley Sound on the west
side of Vancouver Island exhibit 4 color
morphs; 2 brown, 1 maroon, and 1 light or
unpigmented. All have 2 faint lines of color

4

July, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 3

going down the length of the body. The animals
are very robust in size with oval shaped dorsal
cirri. The parapodia have a prominent
postacicular fold with a large notopodial lobe and
smaller neuropodial lobe. They have triangular
ventral cirri and homogomph setae with
serrations that diminish along the sides. This
species has not been seen in So. Calif, waters,
but is found at shallow and intertidal to subtidal
depths.

Eulalia NAMIT sp. 2, originally identified as
Eulalia bilineata from Dundas Island in northern
British Columbia, has also not been encountered
yet in So. Calif. It has small eyes with a small
median antenna and oval shaped dorsal cirri.

The dorsum has transverse dark brown bands
across the segments. It too has been found in the
intertidal.

Eulalia NAMIT sp. 3 a single, small specimen
also originally identified as Eulalia bilineata has
a dorsum covered with fine brown pigment spots
making the segmental area dark where the
interscgmental areas arc clear. This gives it a
banding appearance, where it is pale in color
otherwise.

Eulalia NAMIT sp. 4 also originally identified
as Eulalia levicomuta has been found in Puget
Sound and Coos Bay and it has also been found
in So. Calif. It has medium sized eyes with a
median antenna in front of the eyes, ft has
elongated dorsal cirri and a distinct pigment
pattern on the dorsum. It is pale yellow in color
with darker triangles of pigment going down the
edges or sides of the body on each segment.

There is also a median line of pigment spots
down the center of the body. Refer to sketch
below.

Blake's illustration (1994) of E. levicomuta
makes a good comparison of the pigment pattern
for this provisional species. However, it should
be noted that animals that are being reported as
E . levicornuta in So. Calif, have much shorter
tentacular cirri and a median antenna than Blake
has illustrated.

Eulalia NAMIT sp. 5 from Puget Sound also
has an unusual pigment pattern on its dorsum
going down the body. It consists of 4 lines of
pigment vertically on the dorsum. The outer
lines consist of dark pigment spots on each
parapod. The 2 middle lines are made up of
pigment patches in the shape of a block letter
"C” on each segment. As illustrated by the
sketch below,

(dorsal and ventral cirri not drawn in)

Several of the NE Pacific Eulalia quadrioculata
specimens had been mistaken for Eulalia viridis
due to a mistake in Banse and Hobson’s key
(1974). E. viridis has setae beginning on
segment 3, like E. quadrioculata , according to
Plcijcl (1993) and only occassionally 1-2 setae
on segment 2. E. quadrioculata has dark
intersegmental bands across each segment while
E. viridis docs not have these. Leslie
commented that she has not seen any E. viridis
off our coast.

Eulalia californiensis also has pigment down its
dorsum in 3 lines, of which the outer two are
made up of block letter ”C’”s. Eulalia bilineata ,
however, has pigment in only 2 lines down the
dorsum, which appear as solid patches on each
segment near the outer margins, just as Blake
(1994) has illustrated in the MMS Atlas.

(dorsal and ventral cirri not drawn in)

5

July, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vo!. 15. No. 3

Another odd NE Pacific specimen referred to as
Clavodoce NAMIT sp. 1 differs from Oavodoce
nigrimaculata and Clavodoce splendida. It has
large dorsal cirri unlike the narrow, elongated
dorsal cirri of C splendida It also has very
clavate antennae as opposed to the more
cirriform shaped antennae of C. nigrimaculata.
Also, the animal was orangish in color instead of
bluish-black like C. nigrimaculata.

Leslie also commented on Nereiphyila castanea
and Nereiphyila ferruginea. Specimens from
Japan of Nereiphyila castanea are entirely brick
red in color with a slightly darker line down the
dorsum and the ventral cirri are large and
auricular in shape. Nereiphyila ferruginea . on
the other hand, has a cream colored body with
reddish-brown or brick red dorsal cirri, which
are large and bluntly circular. Blake (1994)
synonymizes Phyllodoce ferruginea with
Nereiphyila castanea. In his description of N.
castanea Blake remarks that the holotypc of
Phyllodoce ferruginea is clearly a species of
Nereiphyila and agrees well with other specimens
of N. castanea, however, he docs not comment
on the color of the dorsal cirri of P. ferruginea ,
which are all missing on the holotype and arc
what is pigmented.

Sosanopsis VOUCHER SHEET

The discussion of local representatives of the
polychaete genera Sosanopsis and Sosane in NL
14(11) has led to the preparation of a voucher
sheet for Sosanopsis sp A SCAMIT 1996 which
is attached.

PAPER CHASE REVISITED

Those who, like us, panicked when we learned
of the demise of Resistall Paper (due to
environmental concerns connected with its
manufacture), will be delighted to know that it is
back due to popular demand. The latest
catalogue from University Products lists Byron
Weston Resistall as again in stock in several
weights and formats.

Information is available from University Products
@ 1-800-762-1165 or 1-413-532-3372 and at
http:// www. univcrsityproducts.com

Orders may be placed @ 1-800-628-1912 or by
FAX @ 1-800-532-9281

6

July, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15. No. 3

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BLAKE, JAMES A. 1994. Family Phyllodocidae. Pp. 115-186 IN: Blake, James A. & B. Hilbig
(eds.).Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa
Barbara Channel. Volume 4-Thc Annelida Part 1. Oligochaeta and Polychaeta:

Phyllodocida (Phyllodocidae to Paralacydoniidae). 377pp.

COHEN, ANDREW N. and James T Carlton. 1995. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United

Stales Estuary: A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta.
Biological Study. NTIS Rept. No. PB96-166525. 246pp. + append.

ERWIN, DOUGLAS H. 1996. The Mother of Mass Extinctioas. Scientific American 275(1 ):72-78.
FAUVEL, PIERRE. 1923. Polychaetes Errantes. Faune de France 5. 486pp.

MARTIN. JOEL W., and J. C. Christiansen. 1995. A morphological comparison of the phyllopodous
thoracic limbs of a leptostracan ( Nebalia $£>.) and a spinicaudatc conchostracan (Leotestheria
5 p.), with comments on the use of Phyllopoda as a taxonomic category. Canadian Journal of
Zoology - Revue Canadiennc dc Zoologic 73(12):2283-2291.

MARTIN. JOEL W., Eric W. Vetter, and C. E. Cashclark. 1996. Description, external morphology,
and natural history observations of Nebalia hesslcri, new species (Phyllocarida: Lcptostraca),
from southern California, with a key to the extant families and genera of the Leptostraca.
Journal of Crustacean Biology 16<2):347-372.

OKERSON, ANN. 1996. Who Owns Digital Works? Scientific American 275(1):80*84.

PLELJEL. FREDR1K. 1993. Polychaeta Phyllodocidae. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 8.

159pp.

VETTER. ERIC W. 1996. Nebalia davtoni n sp a leptostracan from Southern California
(Phyllocarida). Crustaccana 69(3):379-386.

ZILL, SASHA N., and Ernst-August Seyfarth. 1996. Exoskeleta! Sensors for Walking. Scientific
American 275(1 ):86-90.

<**»oOo<**»

* SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

e-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannct.gov

Vice-President Don Cadicn (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcufn.com

Treasurer Ann Dal key (310)648-5611 cam@san.ci. la. ca. us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1 - 4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5 - 7 (compilation).S 15.00

Volumes 8- 13.$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues arc also available at cost.

iNVJTA CION :

PROCRAMA CJEN77F7CO /

HOSPEDAJE :

Se In vita a todos los profeslonistas y
estudlantes que realicen estudlos en el
campo en Biologla Marina o Areas afines
con enfasis en el noreste de Mexico y
California a partldpar en el
XI SIMPOSIUM INTERNACIONAL
DE BIOLOGIA MARINA.

LUCAR YFECHA :

La sede del XI SIMPOSIUM
serA la UNIVERSIDAD AUT6NOMA
DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, en la Ciudad
de La Paz. B.C.S., Mexico, del 18 al 22 de
Noviembrede 1996.

ACTJVIDADES ClENJlFICAS x

A. Seslones de presentaddn oral :

cada partidpante tendrA un tlempo de
20 minutos, 15 de presentacldn y 5 de
preguntas y discusl6n.

B. Presentaci6n de carteles :

las dimcnsiones de los carteles serA de
100 x 70 cm. TAcnica llbre.

C. Conferencias Magistrales :

los tdplcos se decidiran de acuerdo a la
disponibllidad de los Invitados.

1. - TAXONOM1A.

2. - BIOLOGIA DE GRUPOS.

3. - PESQUERJAS.

4. - CONTAMINACION.

5. - ECOLOGIA MARJNA.

6. - MANEJO DE RECURSOS.

INFORMACldN GENERAL :

- El lenguaje del SIMPOSIUM puedc ser en
cspafiol o en InglAs.

- Los resumenes podrAn ser publicados cn
la Revlsta de Investigacldn Clentffica de
Ciencias del Mar de la Universidad
Autdnoma de Baja California Sur:

- La Fecha limit e para redbir los resumenes,
serA el 15 de agosto de 1996.

- Costo de lnscripd6n ( en dolares ) :

Profeslonistas : £ 120.00
Lstudiantes: & 60.00

- Incluye :

Asistencia, rompehielos, serviclo de
cafeteria, programa, resGmenes,
transporte UABCS-La Paz, diploma,
noche mexlcana y cena de dausura.

El oomltA organizador propone como hotel
sede al HOTEL ARA1ZA INN PALMIRA.
Para mayor informaddn y reservadones
comunicarse dlrectamente a Ecoturlstlca
Terra Inc6gnlta.

Tel.(112) 3-44-14 Fax. (112) 3-05-84
COMFTt ORGANIZADOR:

Presidente Honorario :

M.en C. JesCis Druk GonzAlez
Secretario Honorario :

M. en C. Giovanni Malagrino Lumare
Presidente :

BI6I. Mar. Carlos A. SAnchez Ortiz
Secretario EJecutivo :

Bi6L Mar. Emelio Barjau GonzAlez,

Tesorera :

BI6I. Claudia j. HernAndez Guerrero.

ENVfO DE RESUMENES :

En diskette de 3 Vi" en Procesador WP
o WORD y por Correo Electrdnico a:
e-mall: simpblol@calafia.uabcs.mx

Biol. Mar. Emelio Barjau GonzAlez
Museo de Historia Natural.

Depto. De Biologla Marina, UABCS.

A.P. 19-B, U Paz, B.C.S. C.P. 23080
Tels. (112) 1 -07-55 exts. 132 y 133
Fax. (112) 1-24-77

PAQUETE DISENADO
ESPECIALMENTE PARA LOS
ASISTENTESAL

XI S1MPOSIUM LNTERNACIONAL
DE BIOLOGL\ .\LARINA
A REALIZARSE DEL 18 AL 22 DE
NOVIEMBRE DE 1996 EN LA CIUDAD
DE LA PAZ, B.C.S. MEXICO

HOTEL SEDE ESCOGIDO POR EL
COMITE ORGAN1ZADOR: ARAIZA INN
PALMIRA.

EL PAQUETE INCLUYE:

- 5 NOCHES 6 DIAS DE HOTEL

- TRASLADO AEROPUERTO-HOTEL-
AEROPUERTO

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UNIVERSITARIO

- TRASLADO HOTEL-UABCS-HOTEL
DIARJO

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PAQUETE EN BASE A OCUPACION:

SENC1LLO: $279.00 USD
DOBLE.: $ 185.00 USD
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LOS PRECIOS SON POR PERSONA £N
DOLARES AMERICANOS PAGADEROS AL
TIPO DE CAMBIO DEL DIA EN QUE SE
RE ALICE EL PAGO.

TODAS LAS RESF.RVACIONES DEBERAN
HACERSE CON UN 50% DE DEPOS1TO Y
CON UN M£S DE ANTICIPACION MINLMO,
EL RESTO DEBERA SER CUB1ERTO UNA
SEMANA .ANTES DEL 1N1CIO DEL
SIMPOSIUM.

P.ARA MEJOR MANEJO Y FACIL1DAD, LOS
DEPOSITOS Y PAGOS PODRAN HACERSE
A LA CUENTA BANCARIA

No.:09 400034462-2

DEL BANCO INTERNACIONAL (BITAL),
A NOMBRE DE: ECOTURISTICA TERRA
INCOGNITA, S.A. DE C.V.,
NOTIFICANDONOS VIA FAX DE LOS
ENVTOS CORRESPONDIENTES.

P.ARA EFECTO DE RESERVACIONES O
ACLARACIONES CON REFERENCIA AL
PAQUETE FAVOR DE COMUN1CARSE A
LA AGENCIA ECOTURISTICA, A LOS
TELS. 91 (112) 344-14 Y 305-84, FAX 305-84
CON RENE AGUIRRE, SELENE AGUIRRE
O MARTHA AGUIRRE

TOURS OPCIONALHS:

CABO SAX LUCAS:

INCLUYE:

- TRANSPORTACION HN V1AJE

REDONDO EN VAGONETAS
EQUIPADAS

- DESAYUNO

- COM I DA

- PASCO EN LANCHA CON FONDO DE
CRISTAL PARA TRASLADARLO AL
FINAL DE LA TIERRA EN DONDE SE
OBSERVARA EL EAMOSO ARCO DE
CABO ASI COMO LOBOS MARINOS.

/SLA ESP/R1TU SAX TO:
INCLUYE:

- TRAN SPORTACI ON EN VIAJE
REDONDO EN LANCHA ESPECIAL

- BOX LUNCH

- EQUTPO PARA SNORKEL

- PASEO POR LA COLON IA DONDE
HAB1TAN LOS LOBOS MARINOS

LLAMENOS CON GUSTO LE
ATENDEREMOS!

Date: wed, 17 Jul 1996 16:06:06 -0700
From: Paulo da Cunha Lana <lana@cem.ufpr.br>

Reply to: annelida@net.bio.net
To: nobody©net.bio.net

Subject: SIXTH INTERNATIONAL POLYCHAETE CONFERENCE: First circular

First announcement and call for papers:

SIXTH INTERNATIONAL POLYCHAETE CONFERENCE
2-7 August 1998
Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

E-mail address <IPC6@cce.ufpr.br>

This is an e-mail version of the first announcement. It is also available
on the WWW, together with regular information updates on plans for the
Conference, with the addresses:

http://cem.ufpr.br/sixthlntpolycconf.html

(Home page from August 1996 onwards)

http://www.keil.ukans.edu/~worms/bra 2 il.html

(Mirror & currently online)

You are invited to attend the Sixth International Polychaete Conference
to be held in Curitiba, Brazil from 2-7 August 1998. The conference is
sponsored by the International Polychaetology Association and hosted by
the Marine Studies Center (Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil). The
major topics in the conference will include polychaete diversity and
phylogeny, taxonomy and systematics, genetics and molecular biology,
evolutionary ecology, population and community ecology, and applied
research. The conference will include invited speakers in targeted
discussions, special symposia (polychaete phylogenetics and biogeography
/ comparative aspects of polychaete biology), oral presentation of
papers, and poster sessions. Invited speakers will present and discuss
the current status of polychaete and annelid research in order to
stimulate discussion on future directions of research. Short stays at
South American research institutions and field collecting trips to the
Brazilian southeastern coast can be organized just before or after the
conference, depending upon interest. A short course on polychaete ecology
and cladistics, including participants from the polychaete conference, is
also being planned by the Organizing Committee. Arrangements are being
made to publish the contributed papers or poster displays in the Bulletin
of Marine Science, which Dr. Donald J. Reish has kindly offered to edit.
All papers must be in English and will be subject to peer review.

Curitiba has about 1.5 million inhabitants and it is well known for its
low-cost solutions to urban problems (have a look at the March 1996 issue
of Scientific American for more information about the city). Located at
905 m above sea level, it has a temperate climate with average
temperatures ranging from 20 oC (68 oF) in the summer to 13 oC (55 oC) in
the winter. Temperatures can be as low as 2 oC during morning and evening.
Therefore, be prepared for a cold period in Curitiba. A well-known travel
guide to Brazil states that "there is not much [in Curitiba] for the
out-of-towner, but it is still possible to pass a pleasant day in a park,
museum and older neighborhood waiting for your bus or train to leave". I
would add: "... or attending a polychaete conference".

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Chairman: Paulo da Cunha Lana, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil

(lana@aica.cem.ufpr.br or lana@cce.ufpr.br)

Co-conveners: Edmundo Ferraz Nonato (fax + 55 11 2103092), Universidade
de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Antonia Cecilia Z. Amaral

(camaral@obelix.unicamp.p.br}, Universidade de Campinas; Eloisa Morgado
do Amar al, Universidade de Campinas; Jeanette Maron Ramos, Universidade
Santa Ursula; Arno Blankensteyn (absteyn@bio.ufpr.br), Universidade
Federal do Parana; Paulo Cesar Paiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro.

Secretariat: Marcia Brandini, Mauricio Garcia de Camargo
(mcamargo@aica.cem.ufpr.br), Rosemary Aparecida Brogim
(rbrogim@aica.cem.ufpr.br) and Cinthya Simone Gomes Santos
(csgomes@aica.cem.ufpr.br)

The organizing committee is supported by the Zoology Department (UFPR),
Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico
(IPARDES), Brazilian Society of Zoology, Brazilian Society of
Oceanography, Municipality of Curitiba, and a number of other Brazilian
universities. Likely co-sponsors will be the Brazilian National Research
Council (CNPq), and the Brazilian Ministry of Education (CAPES).

CHAIRPERSON OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLYCHAETOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
Kristian Fauchald (fauchald.kristian@nmnh.si.edu), Smithsonian
Institution, USA

ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF THE CONFERENCE

All the members of the Advisory Council of the International
Polychaetology Association, plus a group of invited South American
polychaetologists.

DEADLINES
1 December 1996

Deadline for preliminary show of interest to attend
April 1997

Second circular, including abstract form for oral or poster presentation
and update information (to be sent only to those who have returned the
reply form included in this announcement)

1 September 1997

Booking of hotels and postconference excursions

1 February 1998
Submission of abstracts

1 May 1998

Notification of acceptance of contributed papers and posters
1 June 1998

Final circular and programme
7 August 1998

Submission of manuscripts for review and publication
REGISTRATION FEES

US Dollars (USD) 220 including all conference materials, proceedings,
cocktail and coffee-breaks, and mid-conference tour. USD 140 for students
and USD 80 each for accompanying spouses, friends and children.

CONFERENCE VENUE

All sessions and meetings will be held in the Instituto Paranaense de
Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (IPARDES), located in Edificio
Castelo Branco, Centro Civico, downtown Curitiba. Two lecture rooms (82
and 312 people) and a number of smaller meeting rooms, will be available.
Both of the lecture rooms are provided with all conference facilities for
oral sessions, poster displays, etc. Other facilities (e-mail and WWW
access, fax, photocopies, etc.) .will be available either at IPARDES or at
Universidade Federal do Parana.

CONFERENCE PROGRAM

English is the official language for the conference, both for oral
presentations and poster displays. No translation facilities will be
available. Details of the scientific program, registration and abstract
forms will be provided in the second announcement.

ARRIVAL AND ACCOMMODATION

Afonso Pena International Airport is located within the Curitiba
Metropolitan region at about 18 kilometers from downtown. Several hotels
are located within 1-5 km from the conference venue. Current prices of
good hotels (three to four stars) vary from USD 50 to USD 90 per person
per day, breakfast included. Double rooms are available at lower prices
(USD 40 to USD 80 per room). A list of hotels, including also some
cheaper mid-range alternatives (prices from USD 30 to USD 50 per person),
will be provided in the second announcement. Practical information on
arrival, registration, and social activities (opening and closing
ceremonies, concerts, and banquet) will be provided in the second and
third announcements.

MID- AND POST-CONFERENCE EXCURSIONS

The mid-conference tour will be a whole day visit to Serra do Mar (Mar
Mountain Range), and the coastal lowlands by train and bus (no charges to
participants). The 110-km railroad from Curitiba to the coast descends a
steep mountainside covered with a well-preserved Atlantic tropical
forest. It is the most exciting railroad in Brazil, with superb views.
After a filling lunch in the sleepy colonial town of Morretes, polychaete
collecting at nearby mangroves can be arranged, depending upon interest.

Two post-conferences tours will be organized upon demand: a) Iguacu
Falls/the Amazon or the Pantanal (5 days) and b) seaside resorts (Natal
and Fortaleza) of the northeastern Brazilian coast (5 days). Detailed
plans and the cost of excursions will be presented in the next
announcement and will depend on the number of participants. Other
excursions will be considered if there is the interest and demand.

REPLY FORM AND SECOND CIRCULAR

Please fill out the enclosed reply form and return it to me before 1
December 1996. E-mail, fax or letter will be accepted. The second
circular will be sent by April 1997. Titles of papers need not be final
at this time but will assist in planning.

SIXTH INTERNATIONAL POLYCHAETE CONFERENCE
CURITIBA, PARANA, BRAZIL
2-7 AUGUST 1998

REGISTRATION FORM (please type or print)

Surname/Family name: _

First name: _

Work address: _ _

Work phone(international version): +

Fax (international): + _

E-mail:_

Title of paper or poster (tentative):

_ oral or _ poster presentation (please tick where appropriate)

Abstracts of papers must be submitted by 1 February, 1998

Excursions (tick where appropriate):

_ Serra do Mar and mangrove (mid-conference)

_ Iguacu Falls/the Amazon or Pantanal

_ Seaside resorts of the Brazilian northeastern coast

Other excursions (specify) __

Any accompanying person (s), not participating in symposium?

How many? _

Would you accept to share rooms? _ yes _ no

Return this form by 1 December 1996 (or sooner) to:

Paulo da Cunha Lana - Sixth International Polychaete Conference

Centro de Estudos do Mar - Universidade Federal do Parana

Trav. Alfredo Bufren, 140 - Terreo

80 000-000 Curitiba - Parana - Brazil

Tel + 55 41 4551333

Fax + 55 41 4551105

E-mail: IPC6@cce.ufpr.br or IPC6@aica.cem.ufpr.br

Please make this circular available, either printed or as an e-text,
together with the appended reply form, to other people interested in
polychaetes and related topics. About 1,000 printed folders will also be
posted to polychaete specialists, postgraduate students, universities and
research institutions worldwide. I will add your e-mail addresses to the
mailing list to facilitate regular information update on plans for the
Conference.

Paulo da Cunha Lana <lana@cem.ufpr.br>

-- ANNELIDA discussion list --

Discuss - annelida@net.bio.net - talk to all members

Server = biosci-server@net.bio.net = un/subscribes

Archives - http://www.bio.net:80/hypermai1/ANNELIDA/
Resources = http://www.keil.ukans.edu/-worms/annelid.html

Sosanopsis sp. A SC A MIT 1996

SCAMITVoI. 15 No. 3

March 1996
Examined by T. Parker

Literature: Fauchald, K. 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the Orders,

Families, and Genera. Science Series 28. LACMNH. 188pp

Banse, K. 1979. Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from British
Columbia and Washington. Can. Joum. Zool. (5 7): 1543-
1552 pp.

Synonymy: Sosanopsis sp. A Phillips
Sosanopsis sp. 1 Phillips

Diagnostic Characters:

1. Four pair branchia, first three pair inserted above first notopodia in transverse
row. Last pair posterior to this row and above second notopodia. (Figure 1).
Branchia delicately wrinkled. Under compound scope, branchia annulated with
encircling cilia band along length (Figure 2a & 2b).

2. Eyes absent, palea absent

3. Lower lip slightly crenulate. Buccal tentacles smooth.

4. Twelve pair thoracic uncinigers, uncini start setiger 4.

5. Fifteen pair thoracic setigers. Methylene blue stain restricted. No stain on
dorsum posterior to branchia. Prostomium with patch on posterior region. Stain
bars on ventrum of first 10-12 thoracic setigers only. No stain posterior to setiger
12 .

6. Notopodia and notosetac modified in 13th setiger (10th uncingcr) so that
notopodia is elevated, setae expanded into fascicle with fleshy lobe between
notosetac and uncini (Figure 3a&b). These setae bilimbate without hirsute tips.
Dorsal ridge between this pair absent.

7. Thirteen pair of abdominal setigers with one pair of pygidial cirri.

Sosanopsis sp. A SCAMIT 1996

SCAMITVol. 15 No. 3

Related species and Differences:

Sosane occidental is:

Sosanides :
Anobothrus gracilis:
Sosanopsis hesslei:

Sosanopsis wireni:

has similar modified nolopodia on setiger 13 but with hirsute setae, is
listed as possessing moderately developed palea and transverse branchia
insertion.

setiger 11 with modified notosetae.

setiger 10 has slightly modified notopodia and notosetae.

dorsal ridge present on modified setiger and also somewhat broader ridge

on preceding setiger. Thirteen abdominal uncinigers.

lacks dorsal notopodial ridge and has only 11 abdominal uncinigers.

Distribution: Santa Monica Bay and Palos Verdes Peninsula in silt at 150 meters.

Comments: Fauchald’s 77 key incorrectly stated the generic definition for Sosanopsis .

Banse 1979 corrected this error. The diagnosis between the genera Sosane
and Sosanopsis is based upon transverse vs non-transverse branchial
insertion and presence of palea.

Sosanopsis sp. A SCAM1T 1996

SCAMIT Vol. 15 No. 3

Figure 3a. anterior view,

modified 13th parapodia

Figure 3b. lateral view, modified 13th parapodia

August, 1996 SCAMIT Newsletter voi. is, No.4

NEXT MEETING: Review of MMS Taxonomic Atlas Volume 6
GUEST SPEAKER: Larry Lovell - discussion leader

DATE: 16 September 1996

TIME: 9:30 AM to 3:30 PM

LOCATION:

SCCWRP

7171 Fenwick, Westminster

a, p, and y male morphs (all to scale) of
Paracerceis scuipta (from Shuster 1992)

SEPTEMBER 16 MEETING

Our September meeting will be devoted to
discussion of the latest polyehaete volume of the
MMS Taxonomic Atlas series - Volume 6. As
the Paraonidae, Spionidae, and Cirratulidae are
all included in this volume, with major revisions,
there will be plenty to discuss. Please do as
thorough a review of the volume as you can prior
to the meeting so that everyone is prepared to
express - and defend - their own viewpoints.
Supportive literature is also useful, so bring what
you feel is necessary. I .ai ry will lead an initial
overview covering the entire volume. Specific
trouble points will be revisited in more detail later
in the meeting.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes.

August, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

VoL 15, No. 4

Serolis TO Heteroserolis

Tim Stebbins (CSDMWWD) recently came across
a change in the generic assignment of one our
local isopods, Serolis carinata. As he relates it
"While examining some isopods for CICESE
from Bahia Todos Santos, I came across one lot
of what we call Serolis carinata , although the
specimens were tentatively identified as
Heteroserolis carinata. The Smithsonian's World
List of Isopods also placed "S. carinata" and the
other eastern Pacific species, " S . tropica ,” in
Heteroserolis . Rick Brusca wasn’t up to date on
serolids, although he said Gary Poore (Australian
Museum) and Wolfgang Wageie (Univ. Bielefeld,
Germany) have been working on the family. He
also said that the Smithsonian’s list is generally
correct and he would trust it. Gary Poore wasn’t
100% sure either, but he referred me to some
work by both Wageie and Angelika Brandt (Univ.
of Kiel, Germany).

I reviewed these papers, although quickly, and it
appears that our southern California serolid
should be called Heteroserolis carinata .

Basically, Brandt (1991) accepted Heteroserolis as
a valid genus and placed "carinata" and other
species within it. Wageie (1994) discusses many
of the characters defining the serolid genera."

Many thanks to Tim for his update. It will be
reflected in Ed. 3 of the SCAMIT Taxonomic
Listing. The Smithsonian World Isopod List is at
http: //nmnhwww. si .edu/gopher-menus/
Isopods.html on the World Wide Web.

ISOPOD INHABITANTS

During the most recent CSDLAC trawl series we
found Pagurus spilocarpus common at our
shallowest stations (23-30m). Nearly all were in
shells of moon snails. These shells bore
Crepidula petforans within their apertures, and
many Balanuspacificus on their upper sides.

Most of these barnacles were dead, and their tests

housed other organisms seeking structure and
shelter on the sandy bottom. As with other
pagurids (Jenson & Bender 1973, Stachowitz
1977), their adopted homes become an entire
biocenosis of species normally associated with
hard bottoms.

Besides the usual worms and fouling amphipods,
some of these hermit crabs provided homes for
mate guarding sphaeromatid isopods. Breeding
sites and mate guarding are well described for
Paracerceis sculpta (Schuster 1992), and we
ascribed our field observations to this species.
Collected individuals proved to be Discerceis
gratiulosa (Richardson 1899) instead.

We have seldom taken the species previously (4
in 1976, 1 in 1993, and 1 in 1996), and suspect
that it is not common. Two females in the
CSDLAC collections previously identified as
other sphaeromatids were found to belong to this
species when reexamined.

Two barnacles on one crab shell contained
isopods. In both cases the males had positioned
themselves at the aperture of the barnacle test
with their heavily calcified and ornamented
pleotelsons and uropods blocking the aperture.
They were noticed in the field because one of the
males was backing out of the aperture. It was a
close fit between the rear of the isopod and the
test aperture.

Inside this particular barnacle test were a pair of
females, one in the unmoulted SI stage, and one
in the half-moulted S2 stage (Shuster 1991). The
second inhabited barnacle test was found in the
laboratory after preservation. The isopods had
probably not left their shelter because the
collections were first frozen, and later preserved
in formalin. Following fixation and washing, the
barnacles were examined, and the additional pair
of Discerceis as well as a single female not
associated with a male were found. As in the first
case, the male was situated with his back to the

2

August, 1996

SCAM1T Newsletter

Vol, 15, No. 4

aperture and his head down. The female was
below him and pressed against the side of the
barnacle test at it’s base. She was in the SI stage
(Shuster 1991), with full ovaries, but prior to the
reproductive moult. It is likely that in this
species, as in Paracerceis sculpta , the male
guards the female(s) on his breeding ground until
they undergo the reproductive moult, and the
eggs can be laid and fertilized.

It is possible that there is male polymorphism in
this species, but the present male specimens were
very similar, offering no evidence of the complex
male breeding strategies of the three P. sculpta
male morphs (see front cover).

The female was not described by Richardson, and
has remained unde scribed. It has a pleotelson
like Paracerceis, but the medial sinus is not
visible dorsally in Discerceis . The pleotelson
ends, when viewed dorsally, in a blunt point.
Ventrally this is excavated to form the sinus so
evident in the dorsal aspect of P , cordata and P.
sculpta females. The median tubercle on the
pleotelson is actually two fused tubercles, and is
saddle-shaped in profile, unlike the more evenly
rounded median tubercle of Paracerceis females.
These may be oblong, and about the same height
for their entire length, or may slope to a high
point at or near the posterior end.

of P, sculpta females is somewhat scaly, but is
not granulose.

Uropodal rami and pleotelsons of female A.) D.
granulosz, B.) P. cordata , and C.) P. sculpta

It is not possible at this time to prepare a key to
the females of this family based on the literature.
Too many species have only one sex described.

-Don Cadien (CSDLAC)

The uropods of the female differ from those of P .
cordata or P, sculpta , being bluntly truncated,
with the posterior margin nearly transverse. In
P . cordata the uropods are also nearly transverse,
but are rounded, not truncate. In some female
D. granulosa the outer ramus is more rounded,
resembling that of P, cordata, while the inner
ramus is truncate. In P. sculpta both rami are
posteriolaterally pointed. Females of P. gilliana
are not described. As their name would suggest
D, granulosa females have the pleotelson and
uropods granulose. The males have this condition
exaggerated, with large individuals covered with
tub emulations posteriorly. The pleotelson surface

NEW LITERATURE

One new book, and another not so new, will be of
interest to many members. New is the just
released Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Paciflc
(Gosliner et. al. 1996). This authoritative field
guide has over 1150 color underwater
photographs of a wide variety of tropical reef
invertebrates. The standards of underwater color
photography have been steadily raised over the
last decade or so, and the present crop are
absolutely marvelous. Continued interest in and
accessibility of coral reefs to recreational and

3

August, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 4

scientific diving has also increased the available
ecological and distributional information. As all
of the authors are also invertebrate taxonomists,
the taxonomic treatment is more detailed and
accurate than that in many earlier reef guides. It
covers only a part of the diversity of macro-
invertebrates inhabiting the reefs of the Indo-
Pacific region. Depth of coverage within any
group is sacrificed for broad coverage of all
groups.

The book is available from Sea Challengers for
$45 +4.25 shipping +7U% tax. Orders can be
placed by Phone @ (408)373-6306 or FAX @
(408) 373-4566, or by mail @ 4 Somnierset Rise,
Monterey, CA 93940. It will also be distributed
in some museum and aquarium bookstores, and in
some aquarium shops.

The older book is Deep-Sea Biology, a natural
history of organisms at the deep-sea floor (Gage
and Tyler 1991). It incorporates much of the
information from recent investigations of the
deep-sea, especially from vent, and other newly
explored habitats. It summarizes physical,
chemical, taxonomic, and ecological information
on the ocean depths in a very readable text
augmented by abundant illustration. Additional
detail can be accessed through the large
bibliography. The book is about $45, and can be
obtained through booksellers or directly from
Cambridge University Press @ 40 West 20th St.,
New York, NY 10011-4211.

MINUTES OF AUGUST 12 MEETING

The first half of the meeting was spent reviewing
Northeast Pacific syllids that were examined by
Leslie Harris for the NAMIT polychaete meeting
this past May. This was a continuation from last
months meeting. Included with this newsletter
are Leslie’s handouts of selected characters of
Sphaerosyllis , Exogone, and Brania that may be
used to differentiate between species. We have

also included Leslie’s figures of the provisional
species that are listed in the tables. While most of
these animals came from shallow, subtidal areas
of gravel and shell debris, (unlike our common
soft bottom communities) some of the species
included in these tables also occur off So. Calif.

Pionosyllis NAMIT sp.l- This animal has digitate
or club-shaped ventral cirri, which is very
different from the foliaceous ventral cirri of our
local Pionosyllis uraga . Also, contrast the teeth
of the compound setae with that of P. uraga and
notice the difference in the two subdistal primary
and secondary teeth.

Brania sp. 1 - This animal's most distinctive
feature are the flaps of skin that cover the four
large lensed eyes. The genus Brania differs from
Sphaerosyllis by having 2 pairs of tentacular cirri,
both ventral and dorsal, whereas Sphaerosyllis
has only one pair. Brania is also not covered
with papillae. Brania sp. 1 has ventral tentacular
cirri that are small and pressed close to the
prostomium.

Leslie informed members that the first half of her
table of characters for Sphaerosyllis lists those
that are not very helpful with species level
distinctions. Characters such as parapodial
papillae, the papillae on parapodial bases, internal
reproductive products, and the attachment of
gametes are all characters that have not been used
before, but seem to be species specific. Members
need to be careful when checking the papillae on
the parapodia to make sure they know the correct
orientation of the parapodia. Often the papillae
are not well developed.

Leslie also described at the meeting 5 provisional
species of Northeast Pacific Sphaerosyllis .
Sphaerosyllis sp. 1 and 2 are distinguished from
others by the presence of flaps over the eyes.

Body papillae are very small on S. sp. I.In S. sp.

2 they start out small anteriorly and become
digitate by setiger 10. S. sp. 2 also has much

4

August, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

VoL 15, No. 4

longer compound falcigers. Sphaerosyllis sp. 3
looks like a piece of white polyethylene thread
where the body is very smooth with thick setae
that have very short setose blades. Setation is lost
posteriorly on the animal. Sphaerosyllis sp. 4 is
similar to S. californiensis. It is a large and
robust animal like S. sp. 3. The bases of the
dorsal cirri are filled with golden colored
granules. Posteriorly along the body the granules
decrease in number, but elongate in shape. Some
of these elongated granules or "capsules 11 are
themselves filled with granules. Sphaerosyllis sp.
5 is not too distinct, but some of the setae look as
if they may have a hood. Please refer to the
illustrated handouts.

The afternoon was spent discussing
sphaerodorids. Ron Velarde (CSDMWWD) has
been examining sphaerodorid polychaetes lately
because the City of San Diego’s monitoring
program has turned up several of these in recent
years. Ron has produced a key to the
Sphaerodoridae of So. Calif, that is included in
this newsletter.

Three main characters are used to separate
sphaerodorids; macrotubercles, microtubercles,
and setal shape. Four types of macrotubercles are
found on either the dorsum or ventrum of the
worm. They are stalked, sessile without terminal
papilla, sessile with terminal papilla, and sessile
with short terminal papilla. The small distal
terminal papillae on sessile macrotubercles are
referred to as microtubercles. There are 2 types
of microtubercles, one with and one without a
basal collar surrounding the terminal papilla. The
terminal papilla is often difficult to see. Ron has
found that alcian blue staining better defines the
papillae (remember, alcian blue is a permanent
stain). Sphaerodorid setae consist of 3 types;
simple, compound, and recurved hooks.

Ron made a few comments at the meeting
regarding the different species of sphaerodorids
from So. Calif. Clavodorum clavatum and

Ephesiella mammifera are found in deep water off
Mexico. Sphaerephesia longisetis, Sphaerephesia
similisetis, Sphaerodoropsis sphaerulifer , and
Sphaerodorum papillifer are all found off our
coast. Ron has looked at the type specimen of
Sphaerodoropsis biserialis and animals that have
been identified as S. biserialis have generally
turned out to be Sphaerephesia similisetis. Ron
has yet to see any S . biserialis or S . minuta
locally.

Couplet 9 of Ron’s key, which refers to the
median antennal length and the presence or
absence of eyes, helps to separate the closely
related species Clavodorum clavatum and
Sphaerodoridium sp. A. Fauchald (1972)
included local specimens of Sphaerodoridium sp.
A as paratype material in his description of C.
clavatum . Ron believes that the arrangement of
the rows of tubercles on the dorsum might be
species specific. The arrangement seems
distinctly different between die two species and it
has been consistent among the few specimens that
Ron has examined to date. While Clavodorum
clavatum has some rows of macrotubercles that
are grouped close together, Sphaerodoridium sp.

A has rows that are evenly spaced.

There seems to be an illustration out of place in
volume 4 of the MMS Atlas for the chapter on
sphaerodorids. On page 236 Sphaerodoropsis
sphaerulifer is described as having entirely
compound setae, only the figures 8.3 E-F are of
simple setae. It is believed that these figures were,
misplaced.

5

August, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 4

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BRANDT, ANGELIKA. 1991. Zur Besiedlungsgeschichte des antarktischen Schelfes am Beispiel der
Isopoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca). Berichte zur Polarforschung 98:1-240.

FAUCHALD, KRISTIAN. 1972. Benthic Polychaetous Annelids from Deep Water Off Western Mexico
and Adjacent Areas in the E. Pacific Ocean. Allan Hancock Monographs in Mar. Biol. 7:1- 575.

GAGE, JOHN D., and Paul A. Tyler. 1991. Deep-Sea Biology. A Natural History of Organisms at the
Deep-Sea Floor. Cambridge University Press, New York. 504pp.

GOSLINER, TERRENCE M., David W. Behrens, and Gary C. Williams. 1996. Coral Reef Animals of
the Indo-Pacific. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 320pp.

IMA JIM A, MINORU. 1966. The Syllidae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan. (Ill) Eusyllinae.
Publications of the Seto Marine Biology Laboratory 14(2): 86-116.

JENSEN, KURT, and Klaus Bender. 1973. Invertebrates associated with snail shells inhabited by Pagurus
bernhardus (L.)(Decapoda). Ophelia 10(2): 185-192.

KUDENOV, JERRY D. 1994. Family Sphaerodoridae. Pp. 231-242 IN: Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic
Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 4-The Annelida Part
1. Oligochaeta and Polychaeta: Phyllodocida (Phyllodocidae to Paralacydoniidae). 377pp.

SHUSTER, STEVEN M. 1991. Changes in female anatomy associated with the reproductive moult in
Paracerceis sculpta . a semelparous isopod crustacean. Journal of Zoology 225:365-379.

—. 1992. The Reproductive Behaviour of alpha-Male, beta-Male, and gamma-Male morphs in Paracerceis
sculpta . a Marine Isopod Crustacean. Behaviour 121( Part 3-4):231-258.

STACHOWITSCH, MICHAEL. 1977. The hermit crab microbiocoenosis - the role of mobile secondary
hard bottom elements in a north Adriatic benthic community. Pp. 549-55 8. IN: Biology of Benthic
Organisms: Keegan, B. F., P. O. O C6idigh, and P. J. S. Boaden (eds.), Eleventh European
Symposium on Marine Biology. Pergamon Press: Oxford, England. 630pp.

WAGELE, JOHANN-WOLFGANG. 1994. Notes on Antarctic and South American Serolidae (Crustacea,
Isopoda) with remarks on the phylogenetic biogeography and a description of new genera.
Zoologicher Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematic 121:3-69.

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

e-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President DonCadien (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5611 cam@san.ci.la.ca.us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1-4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5-7 (compilation).$ 15.00

Volumes 8-13 .$ 20.00/voI.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

6

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

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SCAMIT Newsletter

Volume 15 (4)

Syllidae from Japan {III)

115

Text-fig. 37. PionosylUs uraga n. sp. a, anterior end, in dorsal view, X35; b, 10th
parapodium, in posterior view, x55; c, 11th parapodium, in same view, x55; d,
superior compound seta with long appendage {=spiniger) from 5th parapodium,
x950; e, f, compound setae with bladelike appendages from same parapodium,
x95G; g, aciculum, x950.

X^royed,

■f r o ~S-1

IV, &

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

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SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

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Volume 15 (4)

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SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

SELECTED CHARACTERS OF BRANIA FROM THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC
Leslie Harris, LACM-AHF, 213) 744-3234, Ihharris@bcf.usc.edu

CHARACTER

BREVJPHARYNGEA

Banse 1972

CAUFORNIENSIS

Kudenov & Hams 1995

NAMIT sp. 1

L Harris

source

' i

Banse 1972 u

Kudenov & Harris 1995

examination of specimen

eyes

4 large, 2 small; median pair w/ lenses

4 large, lensed; 2 small eyespots

4 largo, lensed

dorsal cirri on setiger 2

yes

yes

yes

change in dorsal cirri

elongate bottle-shape throughout

elongate bottle-shape throughout

mostly elongate bottle-shape,
posteriomnost more bulbous

flaps over eyes

no

no

yes

median antenna placement

slightly before posterior pair of eyes

before posterior pair of eyes

posterior to eyes

parapodiat glands

not mentioned

no

no

dorsal papillae

not mentioned

no

no

papillae on parapodial
bases

not mentioned

no

no

parapodial papillae

"anterior lip"

no

1 subdistally on anterior face

pharynx

in 2,5 segments

in 4 segments

setigers 1-3

proventriculus

3.5 - 4,5 setigers long 4 **

setigers 4,5-6.5

setigers 4-5

muscle rings

20-25 rows

19 rows

about 12 rows

length/width prevent.

dorsal simple seta

present from set. 1 (4); bidentate
& serrated

present from setiger 1, bidentate
& serrated

present from setiger 1,
dentate, lightly serrated

ventral simple seta

last 10 setigers

present

present last 2-3 setigers

compound setae, anterior

all bidentate & serrated, superior 2x
length of short inferior

7; bidentate, serrated, superior 2x
inferior

8 (7-9); bidentate, serrated,
superior 2x length of inferior

compound setae, posterior

as above

7; bidentate, serrated, superior
decreases In length towards end of
body

7-8; bidentate, serrated,
superior longer than in anterior;
superior 2x length of inferior

aciculum

1, with small, asymmetrical knob at
end

1, distally blunt, beak-shaped

1, thin, distally bent

swimming setae

internal reproductive

products

setigers 7 to 15

setigers 9-20

external attachment

setigers 12-15

Brania helerocirta Rioja 1941 has been reported from San Juan Island, Washington (Weslheide 1974)

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

SELECTED CHARACTERS OF NORTHEAST PACIFIC SPHAEROSYLLIS
Leslie H. Harris, LACM-AHF, 213) 744-3234, lhharris@bctusc.edu

CHARACTER

BtUNEATA
Kjjdenov 3. Harris 1995

CAUFORNtENSIS
Hartman 1966

’4or Se£fc

HYSTRtX

la 1853

PiRiFERA

source

examination of types

l!

examination of types

San Martin 1582

San Martin 1962

eye*

4 large tensed eyes, 2 eyes pots

4 large tensed eye*

4 targe tensed eyes

4 large lensed eyes

dorsal cfrrl on setlger 2

yes

no

no

no

change in dorsal cirri

gradual change from flask-shaped

to cirrlform

gradual change from flask-shaped to
clrriform

no

no

flaps over eyes

no

no

no

no

parapodial glands

no

yea, may begin at setlger 1
noticeable after setiger 7-8

always begin In setlger 4

no

dorsal papillae

arranged in 2 rows, alternating
long and short

2 types: small & rounded,

long & filiform

•perse, smsH

dense, small & rounded

papillae on parapodial

ye*

2 pairs per segment, long

no

no

- \ f S' ^

parapodial papillae

( 0 , 1 , 1 -,-' 3 )

1 on anterior face & 1 dlstalty on
posterior face

3 distal papillae

no

rw

pharynx

usually In 3-4 eetlgers

In 3-4 ledgers

In 3 ledgers

in 4 setiger*

proventriculus

In 3-4 wtigers

usually In 2 sedgera

In 2 wagers

In 2.5-3 wtigers

muscle rings

20-23 row*

13-14fow*

12-16 rows

14 rows

tength/widlh provenL

0.80 -1.17

1.33-1,6

dorsal simple seta

present from ledger 1

present from setlger 1

posterior to proventriculus

posterior to proventriculus

ventral simple seta

present, teat 2-8 ledgers

present, in variable # of sedgers

present 1 —

present

compound mKm, anterior

6-7; superiormoet finely serrated,
ett short

6; superior ooersely serrated, 2-3x
length of finely eerrated or smooth

Inferior

sH blede* finely serrated, superior

3x lengthoflnferior

■11 blades moderately serrated,
superior 3x length of Inferior

compound setae, posterior

5; superiormoet finely serrated,

all short

4-3: superior finely serrated or smooth,
subequal to smooth inferior,
superior wider than inferior

superior finely serrated, 2x smooth

Inferior

all smooth, hooked, subequai

eckula

1, slender, subdistiily enlarged,

bent

1 thick, sharply bent disUUy pkm

1 extra, thin, straight in anterior
wdgers

1 thick, sharply bent diet ally

1 thick, sharply bent dlatally plus

1 extra, thin, straight, In anterior
setigers

swtrtaping setae

internal reproductive
products

•perm in ledgers 8-26

ledger* 10 to 22 or near end of body

attachment of gametes

dorsal, ledgers 11-17

ventral

distribution

Southern Calrfomte

Mexico to Bribed Columbia (LHH)

Tcoemopottan (no verified specimens
from Pacific North American coast, LHH)

Tcosmopoiltan (no verified specimens
Pacific North American coast, LHH)

NOTE: i have not wan any spec town* of I. hystri* or 8. pirifera from the Pacific coast of North America and not do believe that they occur here.

1

SCAMH Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

SELECTED CHARACTERS OF NORTHEAST PACIFIC SPHAEROSYLLIS
Leslie H. Harris, LACM-AHF, 213) 744-3234, lhharris@bcf.usc.edu

CHARACTER

PUMILA

W**«veWe1974

RANUNCULUS

Kudenw«. Harris 1995

NAMIT sp. 1

L. Harris

NAMIT sp. 2

L. Harris

source

Weathelde 1974

i)

examination of types

examination of specimens

examination of specimen

•ye*

4 laroe, 2 amalt. m lensad

, 4 larga, 2 small. *11 lanaod

4 large tensed eyes

4 large, 2 small, all lensed

dorsal cirri on settger 2

yes

yes

no

no

ctiatvg® in dorsal cirri

uaualty changs* from mammiform
to dlgltlform about satlgar 8-10

no, flaak-shaped throughout

flaps over eyes

no

r>o

yes

y*«

parapodisl glands

no

no

no (7 - hard to tell, dorsum
encrusted with silt)

dorsal papilla*

no

2 longitudinal rows, very hard to
see & micropapillae

sparse, small

small & rounded In interior,
long & filiform in rest of body

papilla* on parapodlaf
bases

appears smooth In Illustration

OO

1

2 pairs, 1 each at anterior &
posterior margin of segment

parapodia! papillae

1 dorsal, 1 posterior

no

1 distal on anterior, 1 distal
on posterior, 1 subdlstal
on anterior

1 on anterior face, 1 subdlstal
on posterior, t distal on
posterior

pharynx

up to setlger 4

In 3 setlgers

•verted,

to setlger 4

provontriculus

In setlger* 4-6

in 3.5-4 setlgers

Insotlgers 1-5

In 2 to 4 setlgers

muscle rings

12 targe. 5 small rows

1W2 >W«

13 large rows. 3 small

16 large, 3 small rcws

tenglh/wldth provent.

dorsal simple seta

present from setlger 1

present from eedger 1

begin aotlger 6

begin setlger 6

ventral simple seta

postertomwet

preeent, lest 6 or lees setlgers

present, last 6 setlgers

present, last 5 aatkjera

anterior compound setae

5 short-btoded fetdgers, strong ty

serrated

7*6; auperiormoet moderately serrated,

Inferior smooth; Inferior 2/3x length of superior

8 (5-8); superior modoratsiy
sarrated & 2 m length ol
smooth Inferior

6-8; senated superior 2x
length of smooth Inferior

posterior compound setae

«s above

3-5; usually smooth, slightly shorter
than those In anterior

5; superior moderately
serrated & 1.5* length smooth
Inferior

4-5; aanatad superior slightly Su
than 2 m length ol amooth

Inferior

acicuU

t. trfrri, rseemWog a trWer* wfth short
side prongs

t, rtsbiVy pointed, s^ghtfy bent

t, with "shefT subcffstaf to
pointed tip, straight

l.allghtfybentitflp

swimming sataa

from setter 6 to end of body

Internal reproductive
products

from aetiger 8

•ggs In *etlg«r 7 to »nd o(

body

setlger 5-6 to near end of body

attachment ol gametes

dorsal, setigers 6/7 to 13/14

dorsal, from aatlgar 8

distribution

Galapagoa; Rod Sm; PoW Barrow,
Alaska (W%«UwU* 19741

Southam California * Pugat Sound (LHH)

EVS 9401, it, 103R,rtp.5,

July 1094

StnK of Juan da Fuca; Victoria;

British Columbia

2

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

SELECTED CHARACTERS OF NORTHEAST PACIFIC SPHAEROSYLLIS
Leslie H. Harris, LACM-AHF, 213) 744-3234, lhharris@bcf.usc.edu

CHARACTER

WAMIT sp. 3

L Harris

NAMIT sp, A

L. Harris

NAMIT sp. S

L Harris

source

examination of specimens

H

examination of specimen

examination of specimen

eye*

A targe tensed eyes

4 lerge^ Wnsed

4 large, 2 small, all tensed

dorsal cirri on setlqer 2

no

no

yes

change in dorsal cirri

slight elongation towards poeterior;
unusual elongate Interior capsules

elongation towards posterior

Haps over eyes

no

no

no

parapodial glands

no

present, from anterior ledger

present, from anterior setlger

dorsal papillae

appears smooth; mlcropapillae
present

densely papillate, anterior papillae
only slightly smaller than posterior

sparsely papillate, no pattern

papillae on parapodial
bases

no

1 larger one on anterior, 1 smaker
one on posterior

1 larger one on anterior, 1 smaller one
on posterior, 1 next to dorsal cirrus

parapodial papillae

1, subdlstat on posterior face

1 subdfcstefly on interior face, 1
diet ally on poeterior face

1 subdlstally on anterior face. 1 distally
on posterior face

pharynx

In setlgers 1 -3

in setigers 1-3

proventrlcutus

In 2 ledgers

in setlgers 4-6

In setlgers 4-6

muscle rings

13 rows

9 large, 4 smalt

16 large, 4 small

lenglh/width provent.

dorsal simple seta

present on setlger 1

present from setlger 5/6

present from setlger 1

ventral slmpJe seta

present

present, last 2-3 setlgers

?

compound setae, anterior

S-4 short, with A coarse
spines on superior, Inferior
smooth, subequal

5-7; all serrated, range from coerse to
moderate (SUP to INF); superior

2x length of inferior

4-5; alt serrated, range from moderate
to fine (SUP to INF); Inferior 3/4*
length of superior

compound setae, posterior

3-2; ell short, subeqosl,

smooth

5-3; all serrated, range from coarse
(SUP) to extremely fine (INF); superior
about 1,5x length of Inferior

4-3; all serrated, range from moderate
to fine (SUP to INF); subequal length
superior & Inferior

aclcula

1 thick, gently bent at tip

1 thick, sharply bent at tip, In ail
setlgers; 1 thin, straight, In anterior
setlgers only

1 thin, straight with slight bend at
tip; 1 thin, straight

swimming setae

internal reproductive 2 egg masse* In each of

products_setlger 15, 17-27

attachment of gametes

distribution

Artxkue Island, British Columbia Klaqueek Channel, Rivera Inlet

Arbutus Island, British Columbia

3

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

SELECTED CHARACTERS OF NORTHEAST PACIFIC EXOGONE
Leslie H. Harris, LACM-AHF, 213) 744-3234, (hh@bcf.usc.edu

CHARACTER

ACUTtPALPA

Kudenov 4 Harris 1995

BREViSETA

Kudenov 4 Harris 1995

DWISUI.A

Kudenov & Harris 1995

LOUFlEt

Berkeley 4 Berkeley 1936

source

Kudenov & Harris 1995

Kudenov 4 Harris 1995

Kudenov 4 Harris 1995

Kudenov & Harris 1995

eyes

4 large, leased; 2 small

UK

V, large, leased (frequently dMded);

2. small eyespots

4, targe, leased

2 pairs, anterior pair lensed

antennae

originate together, between large eyes;
median at least as long as palps,
and 4x (up to tOx) length of laterals

originate together between posterior
eyes; median twice as long as pro-
stomlum 4 2-5x length of laterals

originate separately, median posterior
to laterals; median 2x prostomium length,
and 1,5-2x length of laterals

all 3 arise together, anterior to
eyes; median as long as prostomium
& 2-3x length of laterals

palps

long and pointed

long and pointed

broad,rounded

long, usually distally blunt

dorsal cirri on setiger 2

no

no

no

flaps over eyes

no

no

no

no

pharynx

In setigers 1 -4

through seligers 6 (8)

usually through setigers 2-3

usually in 3 segments

provenfrictilus

in seligers 5-7

setigers 7-8 or 8-9

in 2.5 segments, usually seligers

3-5.5

usually In 4-5 segments (range;
from 2 to 7 segments long)

muscle tings

20-23 rows

20-23 rows

14-16 rows

usually 18-24 (range: 16 to 30)

, lenglh/widlh provent.

dorsal simple seta

present from setiger 1 „ distally pointed,
unldenlale, becoming bldentale In
posterior

present from setiger 1, slightly bifid
at first then becoming strongly bifid

In posterior

present from setiger 1, with
abruptly tapered tips 4 transverse
rows of spines

present from setiger 1, slender,
untdentate, distally bent

ventral simple seta

posterior most segments, distally pointed

from median body, distally bifid

>>

from midbody, bifid, with
subdlstal serrations

median 4 posterior setigers;
distally bldentale 4 curved

acieulnm

1, tip curved

1 „ distally bent tip

1 (2), distally enlarged blunt heads

1 (2) distally enlarged blunt heads

compound setae

12-15 in anterior, 5-8 In median, 4-6 In
posterior, blades with reduced subdistal
tooth, heavily serrated; superior blades

3x length of inferior blades, size of blades
gradually decreasing

alt short falclgers, strongly serrated,
distally bifid; superior slightly less than
2x length of Inferior

1) in setigers 1-3, falclgers with
deepty bifid blades, smooth, subequal;
7-10 per fascicle

2) setiger 4 on: 1-2 superlormost,
nairow-btaded spin! gets

3) setiger 4 on; 3-2 falclgers with
short, comblike, Wdentate blades with
large primary tooth

1) 1-2 long, superior, spinlgers;
shafts in set. 2 (sometimes 1)
enlarged

2) 2-5 short, distally bidentate
falclgers; primary tooth terminal,
smaller than secondary tooth

swimming setae

found In setigers 11-27 (1 specimen)

present from setigers 8-9

begin setigers 13-15

Internal reproductive
products

present from setigers 9-10 to near
end of body

present from setigers 8-9

usually fn setigers 10-14, can
occur in setigers 8-28

attachment of gametes

present from setigers 8-9

distribution

Southern California

Southern California

SouthemCalifomla 4 NE Pacific

Pacific Mexico to British Columbia;

? Pacific rim; Ttropical Atlantic

Hxogorte naidlnoldes Weslhelde has been reported from Japan, Point Barrow, Alaska (Westhekfe 1974), and Mexico (LHH).
Exogone occidental!* Weslhelde has been reported from Japan (WesthekJe 1974), southern California and Mexico (LHH)
Exogone longlcornl* Weslhelde has been reported from Orcai Island, Washington (Westhekfe 1974),

1

SELECTED CHARACTERS OF NORTHEAST PACIFIC EXOGONE

Leslie H. Harris, LACM-AHF, 213)744-3234, ihh@bcf.usc.edu

CHARACTER MOIESTA

Banse 1972

source

Kudneov & Harris 1995

eyes

4, large

*»

antennae

originate together between

anterior eyes; median as long as
palps, & 7-1 Ox length of laterals

palps

long, distalty pointed

dorsal cirri on setiger 2

no

flaps over eyes

no

pharynx

usually through setigers 3-4

proventricuJus

in 4-4.5 segments

muscle rmgs

20 rows

length/width provent.

dorsal simple seta

present from setiger 1, distaily
pointed

ventral simple seta

far posterior, usually unidentate,
sometimes bidentate

aciculum

1, distaliy blunt, knob-tipped

compound setae

12 in anterior, 6 in median,

4 In posterior; anterior superior
blades 3-4x length of middle &
inferior blades, abrupt difference
between two size-groups;
anterior blades unidentate or
subbldentate, becoming more
bidentate posteriorly; all serrated

swimming setae

present from setiger 11

internal reproductive

present from setiger 11

products

attachment of gametes

distribution

California <& ME Pacific

li

>>

2

SCAM1T Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

KEY TO THE SPHAERODORIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Ronald G. Velarde

City of San Diego, Marine Biology Laboratory
12 August 1996

List of Species

Clavodorum clavatum Fauchald, 1972
Ephesiella brevicapitis (Moore, 1909}

Ephesiella mammifera Fauchald, 1974
Sphaerephesia longjsetis Fauchald, 1972
Sphaerephesia similisetis Fauchald, 1972
Sphaerodoridium sp A

Sphaerodoropsis biserialis (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1944)
Sphaerodoropsis minuta (Webster and Benedict, 1887)
Sphaerodoropsis sexantennella Kudenov, 1993
Sphaerodoropsis sphaerulifer (Moore, 1909)

Sphaerodorum papillifer Moore, 1909

1. Body long, vermiform; dorsum with 2 rows of sessile

macrotubercles with long terminal papillae; first setiger

with recurved hooks. 2

1, Body short, grub-like; dorsum with more than 2 rows of

macrotubercles; first setiger without recurved hooks....... 4

2. All setae simple, with small lateral boss.

. Sphaerodorum papillifer

2. All setae compound (except recurved hooks). Ephesiella 3

3, Microtubercles partially fused to macrotubercles; dorsum and

ventrum densely papillated. Ephesiella mammifera

3. Microtubercles separated from macrotubercles on dorsum; dorsum
with only few papillae. Ephesiella brevicapitis

4. Dorsum with 4 rows of sessile macrotubercles...5

4. Dorsum with more than 4 rows of macrotubercles.7

5. Macrotubercles with short terminal papillae; anterior face of
each parapodium with more than six papillae.. Sphaerephesia 6

5. Macrotubercles without terminal papillae; anterior face of each

parapodium with only single papilla Sphaerodoropsis biserialis

6. Compound setae from setigers posterior to setiger 3 very long,

more than twice as long as parapodia.; microtubercles present

between the parapodia. Sphaerephesia lonaisetis

6. All compound setae short, no longer than parapodia;

microtubercles absent. Sphaerephesia similisetis

7. Dorsum with 6-8 rows of macrotubercles...6

7. Dorsum with 10-12 rows of macrotubercles.10

SCAMIT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

8. Dorsum with 6 rows of stalked macrotubercles. 9

8. Dorsum with 7-8 rows of sessile macrotubercles; lateral

antennae short, truncate. Sphaerodoropsis sphaerulifer

9. Median antenna long, as long as, or longer than, the lateral

antennae; eyes absent. Clavodorum clavatum

9. Median antenna short, shorter than the lateral antennae; eyes

present. Sphaerodoridium sp A

10. Dorsum with 10-12 rows of macrotubercles, forming a transverse

row on each segment; two short, rounded postsetal lobes

present. Sphaerodoropsis minuta

10. Dorsum with 10-11 rows of macrotubercles, forming a zig-zag

pattern on adjacent segments; postsetal lobes absent.

. Sphaerodoropsis sexantenne 11a

References

Berkeley, E. and C, Berkeley. 1944. Polychaeta from the western

Canadian Arctic region-. Canadian Journal of Research, -22:1-5.

Fauchald, K. 1972. Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water
off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the eastern Pacific
Ocean. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 7:1-575.

Fauchald, K. 1974. Sphaerodoridae (Polychaeta: Errantia) from
world-wide areas. Journal of Natural History, London,
8:257-289.

Fauchald, K. 1977. The Polychaete Worms. Definitions and Keys to
Orders, Families and Genera. Natural History Museum of Los
Angeles County, Science Series, 28:1-190.

Kudenov, J.D. 1993. A new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida:
Polychaeta) from southern California. Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington, 106 (3) :582-586.

Kudenov, J.D. 1994. Family Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867. Pp. 231-
242 in J. A. Blake and B. Hilbig, eds. , Taxonomic atlas of the
benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa
Barbara Channel. Volume 4. The Annelida Part 1. Oligochaeta
and Polychaeta: Phyllodocida (Phyllodocidae to
Paralacydoniidae).

Moore, J.P. 1909. The polychaetous annelids dredged by the U.S.S.

11 Albatross’ 1 off the coast of southern California in 1904.

I. Syllidae, Sphaerodoridae, Hesionidae and Phyllodocidae.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
61:321-351.

Webster, H.E. and J.E. Benedict. 1887. The Annelida Chaetopoda from
Eastport, Maine. Report U.S. Fish Commission for 1855:707-755.

SCAM IT Newsletter
Volume 15 (4)

Figure 1. Macrotubercles. a. stalked

b. sessile without terminal papilla

c. sessile with long terminalpapilla

d. sessile with short terminal papilla

b.

Figure 3. Setae.

a. recurved hook

b. simple

c. compound

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No.5

NEXT MEETING: Oedicerotid Amphipods
GUEST SPEAKER: Don Cadien, CSDLAC
October 21, 1996
9:30 am - 3:30 pm

DATE:

TIME:

LOCATION:

Times Mirror Room Annex
LA County Natural History Museum
900 Exposition Blvd

Medusa, budded hydranth, and hydranth of
Zanclea sessilis (from Gravili et al 1996)

OCTOBER 21 MEETING

The recent revisionary paper by Bousfield and
Chevrier on the taxonomy of Eastern Pacific
oedicerotid amphipods will form the basis of the
next meeting* We will examine the actions they
took, the support for these actions, and impacts
on our local taxonomic practice. Along the way
we will follow a course of critical reexamination
of the characters used by the authors in their
revision. Errors will be identified and corrections
suggested. Members who have been using the
revision already are requested to gather their
experiences with the paper, and their thoughts on
its merits and difficulties for comparison at the
meeting* We will not be examining specimens at
the meeting.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes.

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

NEW LITERATURE

A new species of paraonid, Aricidea (Allia)
bryani is described from shallow subtidal
sediments along the northern shore of Mississippi
Sound, an estuary of the northern Gulf of Mexico
(Gaston and McLelland 1996). Dr. Gaston has
done extensive research on the benthic ecology of
the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico,

Also new to science is a species of Pholoe
described from the Yellow Sea (Wu et al 1994).
This new species Pholoe chinensis differs from
other species of the genus in having elytra with
radiating rows of small surface papillae.

A paper on the effect of environmental conditions
on the reproduction of the nereid Perinereis
nuntia var. brevicirrus (Hardege et al 1994)
should interest polychaetologists. The effects of
temperature, day length, and moonlight were
studied, spawning behaviour described, and sex
pheromones identified.

Two papers on hydro ids may be of interest, both
from the recent volume Advances in Hydrozoan
Biology. The first (Gravili et al. 1996) concerns
speciation in the genus Zanclea, which is
represented in the California fauna. Although
previously thought composed of a single widely
distributed species, it is shown to consist of at
least three species in the Mediterranean alone.

The second (Boero et al. 1996) presents a
phylogeny of the Hydroidomedusae, finding the
situation too chaotic for resolution at the present
state of knowledge. To quote from the abstract
"Taxonomy must represent phylogenetic
relationships among taxa, but has also to be a
useful tool to name taxa and one of its included
aims is nomenclatural stability. These two goals
are difficult to achieve in hydroidomedusan
systematic s...". The authors suggest that the
paraphyly their analysis indicates not be used as a
basis for taxonomic change until the rate of new
species and life-cycle description for the group
drops, and a taxonomic stable state is approached.

Sexuality in the hippolytid shrimp genus Thor is
described in another paper (Bauer and VanHoy
1996). These animals have a complex system
involving both protandrous hermaphroditism and
gonochorism. Details of the third pereopods
allow the various types of males and females to be
recognized morphologically.

The physiology of the clam Solemya reidi , and
the chemical sleight-of-hand it uses to live half in
an oxic environment and half in a sulfide
environment are further investigated by Kraus et
al. (1996). This juggling act is necessary to allow
both respiration of the clam, and nutrient supply
to it’s sulfide-oxidizing symbiotic bacteria.

Reproduction of cephalaspid gastropods is
reviewed by Schaefer (1996), who gathers
together existing data from a multitude of sources
into a comprehensive overview. Although his
main focus is the bubble shell genus Haminaea ,
he includes data on all of the traditional
cephalaspid groups, including the acteonids, and
hydatinids [now excluded from the cephalaspids
based on recent cladistic analysis]. A convenient
entry point to the large literature on reproduction
in this group.

BOOKS ON-LINE

For those of you who are web browsers (surfers,
etc.) you may want to check out the National
Academy Press (NAP) web site. ( URL:
http://www.nap.edu/) It offers non-fiction
books in full-text, not just sample chapters. (And
claims to be the only publisher that does, so far.)
The reading room area of the site houses all on¬
line books from the National Academy of
Sciences and its affiliate institutions; National
Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine,
and National Research Council. The site also
includes a "Fresh Paint" section which not only
features new books on-line in full text format, but
it showcases books making the headlines and all
sorts of fascinating science sites on the web.

There is also an "auditorium" where visitors may
chat with expert weekly guests. Of course, there

2

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

is also an order section that uses encryption
security.

NEW WEB VERSION OF PRO

Version 5 of Polychaete Researchers Online
(PRO), which is an international directory of
researchers with an interest in the biology,
ecology, or taxonomy of polychaete worms, has
now been put on the web. (URL: http://
www.keil.ukans.edu/~worms /pro.html). This
version has "live" mail and web links. It should
also be easier to locate researchers within the list.

MINUTES OF SEPTEMBER 16 MEETING

This meeting was spent reviewing volume 6 of the
MMS Atlas on the annelida part 3~ Orbiniidae to
Cossuridae. Larry Lovell lead the discussion of
the atlas chapter by chapter. He had a few
general comments about the volume as a whole.
The introductory sections on the particular
families are very informative. Members should
keep in mind that the MMS project used smaller
sampling screens (0.3 and 0.5 mm) than most of
us generally use for benthic sampling. Therefore,
some of the material covered in the atlas is not
only smaller in size, but species are represented
that we may not encounter. Also, several of the
descriptions are based on the examination of only
a few specimens. For some species SCAMIT
members have probably examined more material
and have more information on character states
and their variability.

The first chapter on the Orbiniidae includes a new
synonomy; Naineris nannobranchm with Naineris
dendritica , which is one of our common so. Calif,
species and is included on the SCAMIT species
list.

Larry pointed out to members present at the
meeting an inconsistency he noticed in Blake’s
information on Leitoscoloplos pugettensis.

Material was examined from stations deeper than

the depth distribution states. Larry also remarked
that the illustration on pg. 21 figure 1.8 of
Naineris cf, grubei could be a juvenile.

The section on taxonomic problems on pg. 3 of
the Orbiniidae chapter describes the problem of
species assigned to the subfamily Protoariciinae.
Some species assigned to genera of Protoariciinae
are actually juveniles of the species of Orbiniinae.
Hence, this puts the validity of several of the
genera also in question. Blake sums up the
problem by stating, Tt is possible that a single
species can be known under several species
names in different genera depending upon its
stage of development . 11 Because this problem
needs further investigation Blake does not include
orbiniid subfamilies in this chapter.

The Paraonidae chapter includes a new species,
Aricidea (Allia) hartley i, a new combination,
Paradoneis spinifera , and Aricidea (Acmira)
rubra has been given new status. It was decided
at the meeting that for the next SCAMIT species
list (edition 3) that we will list A Ilia, Acmira , and
Aedicira as subgenera of Aricidea.

Blake does not include either Paradoneis eliasoni
or Paradoneis lyra , in the chapter. He does
mention their occurrence in Calif, in the remarks
section under the diagnosis of the genus
Paradoneis.

Blake places the species Paraonis spinifera
in the genus Paradoneis . The genus Cirrophorus
differs mainly from Paradoneis by having a
median antenna present, so P. spinifera, which is
lacking a median antenna better fits the genus
Paradoneis . As for why it is not included under
Levinsenia the modified acicular spines are
notopodial, not neuropodial, and therefore, agree
with the definition of Paradoneis, not Levinsenia.
Dr. Blake also pointed out that there is, however,
nothing in the definition of either Cirrophorus or
Paradoneis to suggest that the modified notosetae
must only be lyrate. It should also be noted that
Hobson and Banse (1981) had referred Paraonis
spinifera to the genus Paraonella without
explanation.

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September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

VoL 15, No. 5

Larry suggested SCAMIT members may want to
add a few handwritten additions or comments to
the key provided on pgs, 29-32. To couplet 3 add
these comments. 3A - lyrate setae on setiger 5
and transition to spines by setigers 9, 10 or 11.

3B- modified spines lyrate throughout the body.
To line 6A add, may be as low as 11 pairs and up
to 20 or more, to the phrase more than 20 pairs
(of branchiae). (Remember that for paraonids
smaller specimens may have fewer branchial
pairs.) To line 7B add, 9-22, to the phrase
branchial segments number 8-11. Line 14A
should read, bilobed notopodial postsetal lobes.
Levmsenia gracilis and L. oculata may have
branchiae that are not necessarily 4 or 7 times
long as wide as stated in couplet 7 of the key.

L. gracilis and L, multibranchiata have modified
neurosetae with a fringe of bristles, or a fringing
sheath as described by Blake, on the convex side.
The fringe is made up of setal fibrils. L. oculata
doesn’t have these bristles. Larry's personal
observations have found that the modified setae of
L . oculata transition to long with a straight tip in
the superior part of a fascicle to short with a
recurved tip in the inferior part of the same
fascicle. The inferior part of the fascicle is also
double rowed in far posterior setigers. Blake
notes this double rowed condition on pg. 33 under
remarks for the genus and on pg. 34 under
remarks forL. gracilis. In Larry’s opinion there
is still confusion regarding the number and length
of branchial pairs and the condition of modified
setae of these species of Levinsenia. He hopes to
reexamine type material soon and make his results
known.

Dean Pasko (CSDMWWD) found that Levins enia
oculata has a methyl green stain pattern with a
ventral transverse band on the posterior one-third
of each segment in the branchial region and
patches of stain appear immediately posterior to
each setal fascicle on post-branchial segments.
Stain also appears along the ventral margin of
each branchiae. L. gracilis does not exhibit the
patches. However, it does have a ventral
transverse band on the posterior one-third of each
segment in the branchial region, like L. oculata.

More specimens of these two species and L .
multibranchiata need to be stained to verify the
validity of this technique. It is hoped that these
stain patterns might be used to identify anterior
fragments that do not possess the diagnostic
posterior fascicles of setae.

Larry commented that Aricidea (Aricidea)
pseudoarticulata has multiple setal types and the
median antenna may not be exactly as pictured on
pg. 46 figure 2.8 A.

While Aricidea (Aedicira) pacifica has been
reported from so. Calif., the Yellow Sea, and
Japan no specimens with posterior ends have been
reported. None were encountered in the MMS
project. Those of us with A. pacifica specimens
that have posterior ends may be able to confirm
the presence of modified setae on the far posterior
segments and hence resolve the issue of the
validity of this species as questioned by Hartley
(1984).

Aricidea (Allia) quadrilobata of Strelzov 1973 is
in part a synonym of Aricidea antennata.

Strelzov (1973) included A . antennata as a junior
synonym for A. quadrilobata along with all other
Atlantic and Pacific forms. Blake examined both
Atlantic and Pacific specimens to verify Strelzov’s
synonymy and found there were definitely two
separate species present. He concluded that the
Atlantic form should be called A. quadrilobata
while the Pacific form should be called A.
antennata , at least until Annenkova’s type
specimens are located, if ever, and examined.
Refer to the remarks section on page 50 for more
detail. SCAMIT members should note that Larry
has reported seeing specimens of A. quadrilobata
off our coast.

Blake’s new paraonid species Aricidea (AUia)
hartleyi is the same as Allia cf. nolani of Lovell,
referred to as Allia sp. A in edition 2 of the
SCAMIT species list. Larry pointed out that the
branchia are spaced farther apart in the posterior
branchial setigers in animals he has seen. This
condition is not mentioned in Blake’s description.

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September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

Aricidea (AUia) ramosa , our common so. Calif,
species does not have the fringed setae as
described in Annenkova's original description.
Most authors seem to have considered anything
with a branched median antennae A. ramosa .
Members should refer to Tom Parker's article in
volume 14(12) of the SCAMIT newsletter. He
pointed out that Annenkova (1934), Strelzov
(1973), Banse and Hobson (1968) and Hartman
(1969) all illustrated very different median
antennae for A. ramosa . It was proposed that
SCAMIT should refer our local type, whose
median antenna shape best matches Banse and
Hobson (1968), to Aricidea (Allia) sp, A until the
type specimens of all these authors can be
examined. Tom Parker has done up a voucher
sheet and it is included in this newsletter. Larry
has recently seen material from Thailand which
matches Annenkova's original description of the
median antenna and modified setae (fringed). A.
(AUia) ramosa of Blake in the MMS atlas
probably represents a complex of species.

Blake’s remark on pg. 55 about A. ramosa being
readily distinguishable from all other paraonids by
the branched median antenna should be
disregarded for now.

The description of Aricidea (Acmira) catherinae
has a few additions/ changes that members may
want to make to their editions of the atlas. Add to
the description: postbranchial papillary
protuberances, like those described for/l. rubra ,
appear on some branchial segments just before the
segmental furrow. They are very difficult to see
and the exact number of setigers on which they
occur has yet to be verified. The number of
neuropodial modified setae in posterior
postbranchial setigers reported in so. Calif,
material is typically 3-5 and not 5-7. Blake has
confirmed that there is a mistake in the second
paragraph of the remarks section with the
statement, "A. catherinae was found to be very
similar to A. lopezi and A. finitima". A. finitima
should be A. rubra , since A. finitima is placed in
synonymy with A. rubra later in the chapter.

Aricidea (Acmira) lopezi is described as having
branchiae from setiger 4 up to 50 pairs, which

seems excessive. In 1990 Larry examined the
holotype and paratypes of A . lopezi at the
Smithsonian. The holotype is a robust specimen
and has 20 pairs of branchia present with perhaps
a few pairs missing thereafter. The two paratypes
had 18 and 19 pairs of branchia. Material from
so. Calif, are smaller specimens and typically
have 14-19 pairs of branchia.

Members present brought up a question about the
spelling of the species Aricidea (Acmira)
horikoshi. Should horikoshi end with one 7" or
two, since it is derived from a person's name?
Anyone with the correct answer, unfortunately,
doesn't win a prize, but we will put your remark
in the next newsletter.

We breezed thru the chapter on apistobranchids
with the only comments being that they are not
commonly seen animals and they are found in
deep water. However, members may still want to
familiarize themselves with these rather unusual
looking polychaetes that partly resemble a spionid
or trochochaetid and partly a paraonid or
orbiniid.

With the spionid chapter, many changes have
been made to our local taxonomy, due to
synonymies, new combinations, and new species
descriptions. First, is a list of definite changes
that members agreed with at the meeting (and
they will be included in the next SCAMIT
species list):

Spio punctata —►

Laonice appelloefi
Spiophanes japonicum —►

Spiophanes missionensis —►
Poly dor a giardi
Polydora bifurcata
Poly dor a socialis -*■

Polydora cardalia —►

Polydora bidentata —►

Polydora artnata -+

Polydora caulleryi -+

Polydora quadrilobata -►

Malacoceros indicus
Laonice nuchala
Spiophanes
berkeleyorum
Spiophanes duplex
Dipolydora giardi
Dipolydora bifurcata
Dipolydora socialis
Dipolydora cardalia
Dipolydora bidentata
Dipolydora annata
Dipolydora caulleryi
Dipolydora
quadrilobata

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September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

Polydora commensalis -* Dipolydora

commensalis

Polydora elegantissima -► Dipolydora

elegantissima

Ron Velarde and Rick Rowe (CSDMWWD)
compared our local Carazziella sp, A to Blake's
description of Carazziella calafia in the atlas on
pgs. 204-205 and found several differences.
Members may want to add these different
characters to the 11 Related species' 1 section of their
Carazziella sp. A voucher sheet (from the City of
San Diego).

Carazziella sp. A has:

1) Caruncle split laterally at the anterior side of
setiger 2 (compare to fig. 4.38 A pg. 205 in the
atlas).

2) 6-7 bidentate hooks anteriorly: up to 15 in
posterior setigers.

3) Bidentate hooks with main tooth more obtuse
and larger (compare to fig. 4.38 G) and see figure
b of the voucher sheet for Carazziella sp. A.

4) Dorsal row of major spines are of a different
form. They are bent and falcate with a brushy
top (compare to fig. 4.38 F).

5) Branchiae nearly meet middorsally. See
setigers 8-10 (compare to fig. 4.38 A)

Spio punctata Hartman was referred to
Malacoceros by Maciolek (1990) and Blake
examined the types and now provides us with this
new synonymy. Please refer to the remarks on
pg. 104.

The main difference between Laonice appelloefi
and Laonice nuchala is that L. appelloefi has
bidentate hooded hooks instead of quadridentate.
L. nuchala is described as having a main fang
surrounded by 3 smaller teeth, which matches our
local animals.

Blake synonymized Spiophanes japonicum with

Spiophanes berkeleyorum noting there is nothing
morphologically to distinguish Imajima’s species
from Light's already established species (refer to
the remarks on pg. 145). The holotype of
Morants duplex was finally discovered and
examined. It matches Spiophanes missionensis
resulting in the genus Morants being referred to
Spiophanes and with the species name duplex
having priority over missionensis.

Besides Pettibone (1962), both Light (1978) and
Blake (1983) accepted the synonymy of
Spiophanes fimbriata with Spiophanes kroeyeri.
However, SCAMIT members have not due to the
difference in the methyl green staining patterns of
these two species and the difference in
development of the interparapodial pouches.

SCAMIT's Polydora table is in the process of
being completely revised and split into two tables,
based on Dr. Blake's generic revision provided in
the atlas. Hopefully, the new tables will be in the
next newsletter. The main distinctions between
the two genera are the presence or absence of
notosetae on setiger 1 and the presence or absence
of a constriction on the hooded hooks, other
character states mentioned in the diagnosis are
less clear cut. The new genus Dipolydora has
notosetae on the first setiger and hooded hooks
without a constriction.

Prionospio sp. A of SCAMIT might be either
Prionospio jubata or Prionospio steenstrupi. One
of the reasons P. sp. A was erected in the first
place was because of the ventral prolongation of
the second neuropodial lamella, which we had on
our local species, and thought P . steenstrupi
didn’t possess. Our specimens do have the first
pair of pinnate branchiae on the 2nd setiger that
are longer than the apinnate pair of branchiae on
the 3rd setiger, which fits P. steenstrupi. We
need to compare our specimens with both P.
jubata and P. steenstrupi.

Prionospio sp. B of SCAMIT is probably
Prionospio dubia. There were no obvious
differences noticed, but specimens still need to be
compared.

6

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

Blake synonymizes the genus Atherospio with
Pygospiopsis. Several SCAMIT members feel
that the differences in the branchial placement
warrant retaining them as separate genera.
Retaining them as monotypic genera could be
questioned, but additional unpublished species are
known (A. Mackie, pers. comm.).

As for Pseudath erospio fauchaldi, the illustrations
on pg.156 figure 4.23 A and D are not good
representations of this distinct animal. The
prostomium of figure A looks damaged or
perhaps it was regenerating. The modified
neuroseta in figure D is different than Lovell’s
(1994) original illustration. Blake’s illustration
shows a cleft between the subapical tooth and the
main fang. Blakes’s illustration of the hook is
more like those of Uncispio Green 1982 than
Atherospio and is also missing its hood.

Larry thought that Blake’s new species Spio
maciolekae might be his Spio sp. A. However,
after reviewing Blake’s description and
illustrations at the meeting SCAMIT members
believe Spio sp. A is clearly different. The most
obvious difference is the lack of the distinct zig¬
zag pigment pattern on the anterior dorsum that
Spio sp. A possess. Also, the distinctive
branchiae on setiger 1 of 5. maciolekae has
glandular lobes, while S. sp. A lacks these lobes,
but has a ring of brown pigment at the base of the
bulbous distal end of the branchiae.

Our only comment on the poecilochaetid chapter
was that our local commonly seen Poecilochaetus
sp. A is not the same as Blake’s sp. A from
northern Calif. His species does not have any
accessory branchia, while ours does. Our animal
is still waiting to be described for anyone with
some time on their hands.

In the chaetopterid chapter the Spiochaetoptems
costarum described is different from our common
local species. This was discussed at a previous
SCAMIT meeting in June of 1992. Please refer
to vol. 11(2) of the newsletter for notes. The head
region of our local Spiochaetopteras costarum is
different. The peristomium has large "flaps" that

project anteriorly over the prostomium. These are
not described in Claparede’s original description
(1870) or illustrated by Hartman (1969) and
especially not illustrated by Blake in the atlas. As
for the occurrence and size of the white ventral
glandular shield, Blake discusses the variability
and importance of this character in his remarks
section on pg. 248. It is his opinion that the size
of the glandular area is dependent on the size of
the animal. Is it time to finally issue a SCAMIT
voucher sheet on our local species? Any
volunteers?

Our common Mesochaetopterus sp. is also not
described in the atlas. Members may also refer to
newsletter vol.ll(2) for notes on this animal.

Our species differs from Mesochaetopterus taylori
by having 6 mid-body segments instead of 3.

Blake remarks about our undescribed species on
pg. 240 of the atlas. Could this be a candidate for
yet another SCAMIT voucher sheet?

As for the magelonid chapter, the only comment
was that neither of San Diego’s provisional
species ( Magelona sp. A and Magelona sp. SD10)
are included. A brief description on Magelona
sp. SD10 has been included as a handout with this
newsletter for those not familiar with it. It was
done by member Rick Rowe. When (or if) more
specimens are found a more formal voucher sheet
will be issued.

As for SCAMIT’s Magelona sp. A, Dean Pasko
(CSDMWWD) provided a voucher sheet for it in
November of 1991. Members may want to
review any odd magelonids they have to see if
they fit either of these descriptions. It is
suspected that the occurrence of Magelona
longicomis in the SCBPP and hence, the inclusion
of it on the SCAMIT species list, is an error.

The specimen is actually Magelona sp. SD10. It
is difficult to see both of the two small teeth
above the main fang on the hooded hooks. After
more careful observation of the reported M.
longicomis specimens they do indeed have
tridentate hooded hooks. M. longicomis will be
dropped from version 3 of the SCAMIT species
list.

7

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

We did not have time to discuss the Cirratulidae
and Cossuridae chapters in depth and will try to
review these at another SCAMIT meeting later
this year. The following comments were
generated during an overview discussion of the
entire volume at the beginning of the meeting.
There does seem to be a great deal of overlap
when comparing our local species of Cirratulidae
with Blake’s. This is especially true with regard
to stain patterns for species of the genera,
Aphelochaeta, Chaetozone, and Monticelliria.
Many of Blake’s descriptions do not include
illustrations of stain patterns only verbal
descriptions, which are not always easy to
interpret. More time needs to be spent comparing
our local species to those newly described in the
atlas.

In the last chapter on cossurids most of the
material examined came from northern Calif, and
British Columbia. Our commonly seen Cossura
sp. A fits the description of the Hilbig’s new
species, Cossura bansei. However, this new
species is based on a specimen of Karl Banse’s
from British Columbia that does not have a
methyl green stain pattern. Hilbig states the
reason might be because of the way it was
preserved. SCAMIT members have no evidence
to believe that preservation should have any effect
on the stain pattern. Leslie Harris (NHM-LAC)
and others have stained material from several
museums and found that the uptake of stain is not
affected by preservation differences or the length
of time material has been stored in alcohol.

THE CREEP OF CRYPTIC SPECIES

Thorpe and Sole-Cava (1994) review allozyme
electrophoresis in sytematics and provide a table
of invertebrate studies using this technique for
systematic divergence, They contrast this to
classical taxonomic work and point out succinctly
that much taxonomic instability is a result of the
subjective nature of phenotypic characters pre¬
selected as diagnostic”. One taxonomist puts
emphasis on pigmentation, another on prostomial
shape.... and we ’re off to the races. The

separation between species will become confused.

-Tom Parker

THE PITTER PATTER OF PATTERN
PATTERNS
or

DISTINCTIVE PATTERNS MAY NOT BE
DISTINCTIVE SPECIES

There is more use of stains to both describe and
identify polychaete species than ever before. It is
common for workers to collect stain pattern
information on any taxa which has few obvious
morphological characters. This is particularly
true in families with relatively large number of
species (i.e., Spionidae, Cirratulidae, and
Maldanidae). Staining is popular because it often
leaves an obvious pattern of stained tissue. There
has been some review of the techniques used to
formulate stain solutions and treat specimens in
this newsletter. This was done in an attempt to
help standardize the various methods workers
have adopted and thus make these results more
truly diagnostic. The danger remains that stain
patterns may become just another subjective
character relied upon by some workers as
taxonomically important, only to be subsequently
de-emphasized by others.

Several broad areas need to be considered to
improve the diagnostic value of staining. All of
these issues reflect the need to use methods that
provide reproducible results.

Report the stain fomwlatioiLimdji xthod .

Some have claimed that special "tips or tricks"
are needed for best results. Specialized
methods must be widely distributed to allow
repeated testing and confirmation of the
outcomes. This will help to demonstrate if the
stain response has diagnostic value or is merely
different.

Illustrate reported stain pattern s.

Some reported patterns are inadequately
illustrated. Any described stain pattern needs to

8

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

be well illustrated in color to allow comparison to
other specimens in hand.

Construct a record of stain pattern variations .

Variability of results is poorly recorded. Some
specimens within a lot may exhibit variability
from previously reported patterns. This is often
explained as reproductive, ontogenic, or
regenerative variability. The influence of
preservation method has not been well
documented. Some workers have not observed
differences due to preservation techniques, while
others have suggested possible interferences (e.g.
in Cossura bansei Hilbig 1996) Reliance on these
reasons to explain variability invalidates staining
patterns as a reliable taxonomic cue. Such non¬
matching results may mean the technique is not
taxonomically valid or that species diversity is
higher than expected with many more localized or
co-occurring taxa than previously assumed.

- Tom Parker

STILL USING BIOMASS?

In a now nearly ancient paper (1972), Howmiller
examined the effect of preservatives on
macrobenthic invertebrate biomass. He states it is
often assumed that weights of preserved
specimens closely approximates live weights and
this does not change during preservation. He
experimentally examined formalin (10%), ethanol
(70%), and isopropanol (70%). The results
indicate that these preservatives cause a great
weight loss . From his data he concludes: “It
seems obvious that many of the published weight
determinations and estimates of standing crop
based on work with preserved organisms are
practically useless”. - Tom Parker

[Editor’s Note - Other problems, but with the
same impact on biomass repeatability and
precision, were experienced with wet weight
determinations during the SCBPP. If you really
need to know biomass accurately, ash-free dry
weight is your best bet,]

DR. LINNAEUS, I PRESUME?

In the book, Birds. Beasts, and Men . H. R. Hays
writes that Carl Linnaeus attended an inexpensive
Dutch medical university in Harderijk to obtain
his medical degree. Linnaeus wrote a dissertation
on “intermittent fever”(concluded it came from
living on clay soil) and received his silk hat, gold
ring, and diploma in a couple of weeks. Among
his non-medical accomplishments was the
“boiling down of identifications to a few details
or sentences.” His description for the elephant,
Elephas maximus was: “Habitat Ceylon, eats
foliage, seeds, fruit. Eyes small, elongate upper
canines, long hanging ears, skin very wrinkled,
very thick, two breasts on chest, toes on edges of
feet. Flexible knees, short neck. * - Tom Parker

LINNAEUS UNDER FIRE

For several years de Queiroz and Gauthier have
been calling for the abandonment of traditional
Linnaean hierarchical ranking in favor of a more
flexible and phylogenetically based rank
independent system. Their suggestion that a
cladistics based tree branching approach be
substituted for Linnaeus’ categories has received a
new push from Dr. Michael Donoghue, outgoing
president of the Society of Systematic Biologists
(see Penniei 1996).

Statements that the traditional categories are often
inappropriate or misleading in evolutionary
studies are correct, but largely irrelevant to our
taxonomic mission. Their call for replacement of
the Linnaean hierarchy by a new tree-based rank
free system would not serve applied taxonomy at
all, while it would facilitate (or at least simplify)
evolutionary research. First a suggestion to
abandon the principle of priority in the new
edition of the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature, and now a movement to abandon
Linnaean taxonomy altogether! Can these
monumental changes be accommodated into
taxonomic practice? I think not, and recommend
that we express ourselves in opposition to such
moves. Comments and discussion from other

9

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

members, or suggestions as to how to combat
these proposed changes would be most welcome,

EAST MEETS WEST IN CYBERSPACE

For those who didn’t get to China for the recent
Polychaete Conference you can review the pre¬
publication abstracts from both the poster session,
opening speeches, and formal papers by going to
the cyberspace locality of http://www.keUI.ukans.
edu/~ worm/annelid.html This web page also
contains several other annelid focused files for
your review. - Tom Parker

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNENKOVA, N. P. 1934. Paraonidae of the Far-Eastern Seas of the U.S.S.R. [english translation
from russian], Comptes Rendus d'Academy des Sciences, U.S.S.R. 1934:656-661.

BANSE, KARL, and Katharine D, Hobson. 1968. Benthic polychaetes from Puget Sound Washington,
with remarks on four other species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum
125:1-52.

BAUER, RAYMOND T,, and Robert VanHoy. 1996. Variation in sexual systems (protandry,
gonochorism) and reproductive biology among three species of the shrimp genus Thor
(Decapoda: Caridea). Bulletin of Marine Science 59(l):53-73.

BLAKE, JAMES A. 1983. Polychaetes of the Family Spionidae from South America, Antarctica, and
Adjacent Seas and Islands. Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIV Antarctic Research Series
39(3):205-288.

BLAKE, JAMES A., Brigitte Hilbig, and Paul H. Scott (eds). 1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic
Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6- The Annelida
Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History,

Santa Barbara, Ca. 418pp.

BOERO, F., J. Bouillon, and S. Piraino. 1996. Classification and phylogeny in the hydroidomedusae
(Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Scientia Marina 60(1): 17-33.

CLAPAREDE, E. 1870, Les Ann61ides Ch&opodes du Golfe de Naples. Seconde partie. MSmoires de
la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle Geneve 20(2): 1-225.

GASTON, GARY R., and Jerry A. McLelland. 1996. Aricidea (Mia) brvani . a new species of

polychaete (Polychaeta:Paraonidae) from the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Research Reports
9(3): 189-195.

GRAVILI, C., F. Boero, and J. Bouillon. 1996. Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae)
from the Mediterranean. Scientia Marina 60(1):99-108.

GREEN, KAREN D. 1982. Uncispionidae, a new polychaete family (Annelida). Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington 95(3): 530-536.

10

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

HARDEGE, J. D., H. D. Bartels-Hardege, Y. Yang, B. L. Wu, M. Y. Zhu, and E. Zeeck. 1994.
Environmental control of reproduction in Ferinereis nuntia var. brevicirrus . Journal of the
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74:903-918.

HARTLEY, J P. 1984. Cosmopolitan polychaete species: The Status of Aricidea bekicae (Fauvel,
1936) and notes on the identity of A- suecica Eliason, 1920. Pp.7-20. In: Proceedings of the
First International Polychaete Conference. The Linnean Society of New South Wales:

HARTMAN, OLGA. 1969. Atlas of the Sedentariate Polychaetous Annelids from California. Allan
Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California: Los Angeles, Ca.

HILBIG, BRIGITTE. 1996. Chapter 9 Family Cossuridae Day, 1963. pp. 385-303 In: Blake, James
A., Birgitte Hilbig, and Paul H. Scott (eds.). 1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of
the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6- The Annelida Part 3.
Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae.

HOBSON, KATHERINE D., and Karl Banse. 1981. Sedentariate and archiannelid polychaetes of

British Columbia and Washington. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 209:1-
144.

HOWMILLER, RICHARD P. 1972. Effects of preservatives on weights of some common

macrobenthic invertebrates. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 4:743-746.

KRAUS, DAVID W., Jeanette E. Doeller, and C. Stephen Powell. 1996. Sulfide may directly modify
cytoplasmic hemoglobin deoxygenation in Solemva reidi gills. Journal of Experimental Biology
199(6): 1343-1352,

LIGHT, WILLIAM J. 1978. Spionidae. (Polychaeta, Annelida). The Boxwood Press: Pacific Grove,
Ca.

LOVELL, LAWRENCE L. 1994. Pseudatherospio fauchaldi . a new genus and species of Spionidae
(Polychaeta, Annelida) from Southern California, USA. Pp.237-241 In: Dauvin, Jean-Claude,
Lucien Laubier, and Donald J. Reish (Editors.), Actes de la 4eme Conference intemationale
des Polychaetes. Memoirs du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle: Paris, France.

MACIOLEK, NANCY J. 1990. A redescription of some species belonging to the genera Spio and

Microspio (Polychaeta: Annelida) and descriptions of three new species from the Northwestern
Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Natural History 24:1109-1141.

PENNICI, ELIZABETH. 1996, "Evolutionary and Systematic Biologists Converge". Science 273
(12July): 181.

PETTIBONE, MARIAN H. 1962. New species of polychaete worms (Spionidae: Sniophanes) from the
East and West Coast of North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
75: 77-88.

SCHAEFER, KURT. 1996. Review of data on cephalaspid reproduction, with special reference to the
genus Haminaea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). Ophelia 45(1): 17-37.

STRELZOV, V. E. 1973. Polychaete Worms of the Family Paraonidae Cerruti, 1909 (Polychaeta,
Sedentaria)[1979 translation], Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi.

THORPE, J. P,, and A. M. Sole-Cava. 1994. The use of allozyme electrophoresis in invertebrate
systematics. Zoologica Scripta 23(1):3-18.

WU, B AO LING, Jing Zhao, and Zhihu Ding. 1994. A new meiofauna Polychaeta Pholoe (Polychaeta,
Sigalionidae) from the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea). Acta Oceanologica Sinica 13(1): 129-132.

11

September, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 5

Thor paschalis (from Holthuis, L. B. 1993. The recent genera of the caridean and stenopodidean
shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden. 328pp.)

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

e-maiLad dre ss

President Ron Velarde (619)692^4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President Don Cadien (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer AnnDalkey (310)648-5611 cam@san.ci.!a.ca. us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1 - 4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5-7 (compilation).$ 15.00

Volumes 8-13 .$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

12

Aricidea (Attia) sp. A SCAMIT 1996

SCAMITVoL 15 No. 5

March/Sept 1996
Examined by T, Parker

Literature: Annenkova, N. P. 1934. Paraonidae of the far-eastern seas of the USSR. Comptes Rendus

d’Academy des Sciences, USSR. 1934: 656-661.

Banse, K., K. Hobson. 1968. Benthic polychaetes from Puget Sound Washington with remarks
on four other species. Proceedings of the U. S. National. Mus. 125:1-52.

Blake, J. 1996. Family Paraonidae Cerruti, 1909. In: Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of
the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 6. The Annelida Part 3-
Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Eds: Blake, J., B. Hilbig, P. Scott.

Fauchald, K. 1977. The Polychaete Worms. Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and
Genera. LACM/AHF. 188 pages.

Gaston, G. R., J. A. McLelland. 1996. Aricidea (A Ilia) bryani, a new species of polychaete
(Polychaeta:Paraonidae) fromthe northern Gulf of Mexico.

Hartley, J.P. 1981. The family Paraonidae (Polychaeta) in British waters: A new species and
new records with a key to species, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK (61): 133-149.

Hartman, O. 1969. Atlas of Sedentariate Polychaetous Annelids from California. AHF, Pg 55.

Strelzov, V. 1973. Polychaete Worms of the Family Paraonidae Cerruti, 1909, (Polychaete,
Sedentaria), Akad Nauk. USSR. Leningrad. 170 pages.

Synonymy: Aricidea ramosa of Banse & Hobson 1968.

AUia ramosa of SCAMIT Taxonomic List editions 1 & 2

Diagnostic Characters:

1. Median antennae short, not exceeding first setiger in length.

2. Median antennae with slightly bulbous basal trunk, terminating in three blunt "fingers' 1
(see Figure 1).

3. Modified setae with smooth shafted without fringe and terminating in long thin terminal spine by
the 40-50th setiger (see Figure 2a-c). A specimen may have some setigers with worn setae and
much shorter arista.

Related Taxa and Differences:

Aedicira ramosa of Hartman 1969: Median antennae with central stalk and filiform branches

along its length and terminus.

Aricidea (AUia) ramosa of Strelzov 1973: Median antennae with short (~ setiger 1) stalk divided into

about six short branches, some of which are bifurcated.

Aricidea (Allia) sp A SCAMIT 1996

SCAMITVol. 15 No. 5

Related Taxa and Differences(cont’d):

Aricidea ramosa of Annenkova 1934: Median antennae with short central stalk palmately divided

into several (5 illustrated) long filiform branches. Modified
neurosetae with fringe along shaft.

Aricidea (Allia) ramosa of Blake 1996: With median antennae as in Aricidea sp . A SCAMIT.

Illustration (B) adapted from Strelzov; it is unclear if this
form was collected during the MMS survey, or represents the
overly broad literature concept of A. ramosa.

Distribution: Puget Sound to San Diego, 30-100 M.

Comments: Local workers have routinely used the name “Allia ramosa " to represent these

specimens. This useage follows the generic elevation proposed by Fauchald (1977). This
was chiefly proposed based upon modified neurosetae morphology. The local use of the
genus "AUia” is reflected in the SCAMIT Taxonomic List editions 1 and 2. More
recently, other authors (e.g. Blake, Gaston & McLelland, Hartley) have continued to use
the earlier designation and concepts that uses the term “Allia” as a subgenus. It is
anticipated that the SCAMIT Taxonomic List list will be emended in edition 3 to reflect
the more current and uniform useage of “Allia " as a subgenus of Aricidea. Please see
SCAMIT Newsletter Vol 14, No. 12 for the introductory comments on the
antennae

Aricidea sp. A SCAMIT 1996

SCAMITVol, 15 No. 5

Figure 2. (a): Strelzov; (b) &(c):From Banse & Hobson 1968.

Rick Rowe (CSDMWWD)

SCAM1T Newsletter vol. 15(5)

Magelona sp SD 10 Character Summary

Prostomium broad
Frontal horns

Setae of setiger 9 same as setiger 8

Hooded hooks tridentate (two small teeth above larger main fang)

Dorsal and ventral median lobes present on setiger 9
Dorsal and ventral median lobes present after setiger 9 as pointed lobes
(ventral are tiny or absent on setiger 10)

Methyl green staining pattern

from middle of setiger 1 (even with setal insertion) through midway
between the insertion of the setae on the 4th and 5th setigers

(Solid stain on the larger and speckled dots on the smaller
specimens)

Comments: This is near M berkeleyi except the stain pattern differs and a
dorsal median lobe is present on setiger 9. The 9th setiger looks like
Jones’ figures ofM longicornis except that the inferior interramal
lamellae are not so elongate.

The above information is based on specimens from the EMAP samples:
PSDBE232 8/19/95 56 meters and PSDBE228 8/19/95 49 meters

The following information includes observations on additional specimens.

1) City of San Diego ITP I-18 rep 2 12 July95 (small specimen)

Specimen fits characters listed above except the dorsal median lobe is
present on only one side on the 9th setiger. It is unclear if a ventral median
lobe is present or not (too small). This worm does not stain except faintly
on the ventrum of setigers 4 and 5.

2) Orange County Sanitation District OCSD 95112 st. 13 rep 3 59 meters

Specimen does have the dorsal and ventral median lobes on the 9th setiger,
but virtually no inferior (neuropodial lamellae) lobe on the 9th setiger. The
stain pattern is similar to above described specimens..it begins anteriorly
and extends through a point between the setae on the 4th and 5th setigers.

3) LA Co. Sanitation District 0795-2c and 0191-00

Specimens fit the above description. There is a small but obvious inferior
lobe on the 9th setiger. There is no ventral lobe on the 9th or 10th setiger
Additional specimens from 0795-3cl and PSCBE 03710 fit the description
above, including stain and presence of short inferior interramal lamellae.

October, 1996 SCAMIT Newsletter Vol. 15, No.6

NEXT MEETING:

MMS Taxonomic Adas Vol. VI - Part II, Cirratulidae
and final discussion of entire volume

GUEST SPEAKER:

Tony Phillips (CLAEMD - Hyperion) discussion leader

DATE:

19 November 1996 (TUESDAY - PLEASE NOTE)

TIME:

9:30am - 3:30pm

LOCATION:

Worm Lab, Natural History Museum of L.A. County

900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles

19 NOVEMBER MEETING

The meeting will essentially be a continuation of
the September Meeting, and will continue
discussion of the recently released Vol. 6 of the
MMS Taxonomic Atlas series. Since the family
Cirratulidae were not discussed during the last
meeting, they will be the focus of the November
meeting. As time permits topics from the
discussions in September which require further
discussion will be reopened. Tony Phillips will
act as discussion leader this time. There will be
facilities for examination of specimens available
during the meeting, as well as for staining of
specimens. Please come prepared with comment,
literature and specimens.

Aphelochaeta phillipsi from Blake 1996

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes.

October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol, 15, No. 6

NEW LITERATURE

The latest issue of the Veliger (39#4) has been
received. Only one article deals with taxonomy
of local marine organisms, that by Gosliner and
Behrens describing two new nudibranchs from the
San Francisco area (Gosliner and Behrens 1996).
The latest Proceedings of the Biological Society
of Washington also has little directly pertinent to
taxonomy of local marine species. An article
describing a new hemichordate from the Atlantic
(Giray and King 1996) may be of assistance in
efforts by local workers to begin interpretation of
the local enteropneusts.

Papers on topics more related to monitoring
concerns than invertebrate taxonomy are those of
Ferson et al (1996) on toxicity bioassay, and of
Otway et al (1996) on community analysis of the
fish community around a deep water sewage
outfall. In the former the authors discuss the
relationship between the results of laboratory
bioassay and inferences of ecological risk for the
community exposed to the material tested. They
recommend the proper interpretation of risk is at
the population level, and not at the level of the
individual as is most human risk assessment.

The paper by Otway et al is a continuation of a
series of papers examining monitoring results
around the deep-water outfall off Sydney,
Australia. The present article addresses trophic
structure of the fish community around the outfall
both before and after it began discharge. Trophic
strategies were established for several groups
(based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of diet
between fish species), and the distribution of these
groups was then tested using assymetric ANOVA.

Taxonomy of the crab genus Fabia (including two
local species F subquadrata and F. conckarum )
was revised by Campos (1996). He redescribed
both local species, illustrating male gonopods,
and providing a new whole body illustration of
the F. subquadrata female, but provided no key.

McLaughlin and Jensen (1996) describe a third
Eastern Pacific species of the hermit crab genus
Parapagurodes . The species, previously known
locally as Parapagurodes sp A, ranges from
British Columbia to southern California. It was
briefly discussed by McLaughlin and Haig (1973)
who left it then at "an undescribed species of
Pagurus". A key is provided to separate the new
species ( Parapagurodes hartae) from F. laurentae
and F. makarovi with which it occurs
sympatrically in southern California waters.

The classification and phylogeny of sacoglossan
mollusks is reexamined by Jensen (1996) in the
most comprehensive recent treatment of the
group. Her analysis supports monophyly of the
group as a whole, and of the shelled and non-
shelled sacoglossan clades. The Cylindrobullidae
were shown to be non-sacoglossan, and to be a
sister group to the sacoglossans. Several of our
local species are affected by high level taxonomic
changes stemming from this analysis.

A related article considers the phenomenon of
poecilogony as a reproductive strategy. The
authors (Chia et al 1996) suggest that the only
valid examples of poecilogony occur in animals
living on mud-flats. The nature of the habitat
confers enough advantage to reproductive
polymorphism for development and maintenance
of poecilogony. They also suggest that though
few cases can currently be authenticated, more
are likely lurking undetected among the mudflat
fauna.

E-mail yielded a mention of a new book members
who are interested in worldwide mollusks may
want. Cachia, Mifsud, and Sammut (1996)
covers 43 gastropod families (about 200 species)
of mollusks from the Maltese Islands. It costs
$59 U.S. - including registered mailing for the
paperbound volume of 228 pages and 19 plates.
Additional information on ordering can be
obtained from naturama@mbox.vol.it

For those of you who haven't been reading your
e-mail from Annelida (or you unsubscribed or
perhaps aren't even "connected" yet), Elin

2

October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 6

Sigvaldadottir from the Swedish Museum of
Natural History has made available her recently
finished Ph.D thesis entitled, "Systematics of
Spionidae and Prionospio". Her thesis consists of
5 papers, 2 of which have already been formally
published, 2 others have been accepted for
submission and 1 has yet to be submitted. The
first two papers deal with estimations of
phylogenetic relationships between spionid genera
and within the Prionospio serisu lato generic
complex based on parsimony analyses of
morphological characters. In the third paper
Sigvaldadottir redescribes the north-east Atlantic
Prionospio species, P. steenstrupi, P. fallax , and
P. dubia. These species have been confused,
misinterpreted and synonymized in the literature.
The fourth paper synonymizes Prionospio
ockelmanni Pleijel with P. banyulensis Laubier.
And lastly, she describes a new species of
Prionospio from Hong Kong. Those polychaete
workers interested in this thesis may contact Elin
Sigvaldad6ttir at:

Swedish Museum of Natural History

Box 50007

104 05 Stockholm

Sweden

Phone +46 08 6664135
Fax +46 08 6664125
E-mail zt-elin@nrm.se

Also, polychaete workers may be interested to
know that the Proceedings of the 5th International
Polychaete Conference that was held in China
will be published in the Bulletin of Marine
Science , March 1997, Volume 60, Number 2.

One copy will be sent to all who attended the
conference and paid the registration fee and first
authors will also receive a copy from the Bulletin.
Those of us that did not attend or would like
additional copies they will be available from Dr.
Reish after March 1997 (estimated cost $25.00
US).

Ml

YULE BE HEARING FROM US

The 1996 SCAMIT Christmas Party is again
scheduled for our traditional Open House at the
Cabrillo Marine Aquarium. We will start at 6PM
(setup starts earlier), and continue on into the
night of Saturday 7 December. Santa, sadly, has
a prior engagement, and will not be joining us.
We will have a designated representative elf or
other Clausite in attendance for children of all
ages (remember Don Reish with Santa at a
previous party?). Please do your best to set aside
this date. We always have the most fun with the
most participants.

Hopefully, we will be able to continue the musical
tradition of the last few parties, with both caroling
and lovely instrumental renditions of seasonal
favorites. As usual we will provide beverages
and a main course. There is no theme, but it will
help us in coordinating if you can alert either
Cheryl or Don (@310-830-2400x403) of the
number in your party, and what you would like to
bring. We will make a concerted attempt to have
the Gift Shop open for your Xmas shopping
pleasure this year. Hope to see you all there...

RESEARCH SEMINAR SERIES

The fall 1996 Research Seminar Series of the
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
is well underway. A delightful item by Kirk
Fitzhugh on cladistics has already been presented,
but there are several still ahead. A schedule of
seminars for this fall is attached.

October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 6

NUISANCE!

We have mentioned the Aquatic Nuisance Species
Digest put out by the Freshwater Foundation in
the Newsletter previously. This interesting
publication is apparently having a crisis of
support. Initially it was funded through a grant
from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; but that
funding is at an end. Although their main sphere
is freshwater, rather than marine environments,
we share a common interest in the ecological
impacts of introduced species. They are hoping
to continue by going on a paid subscription basis.
If you are interested in receiving this publication
you can send your name, address, and a check to
ANS Digest, Freshwater Foundation, Gray
Freshwater Center, 2500 Shadywood Road,
Navarre, MN, 55331. There are several
membership levels (Friend @ 10-19$, Patron @
20-49$, Sponsor @ $50 or more).

As more invaders prove able (like Philine
auriformis and now Trochammina hadai) to
establish themselves in coastal marine waters I
imagine the emphasis of the group will shift to
include more marine cases.

21 OCTOBER MEETING MINUTES

A number of subjects were discussed during the
business meeting. We addressed several requests
for assistance. The first was from a group of
researchers at U.C. Santa Barbara for financial
support of archival of their locally collected
material. Consensus of those present was,
although SCAMIT sees the value of archival of
any invertebrate collections, our funds are
dedicated to other purposes.

A request was also received to post the SCAMIT
Taxonomic List on the SCCWRP Bulletin Board.
After some discussion it was agreed that the list is
at present a benefit of membership, and is
distributed only to members. It was also felt that
all those who could potentially benefit from the
list already have access to it either through

membership directly, or through others in their
organization. It was decided to deny this request,
and to keep the Taxonomic Listing as a members
only document.

In a preliminary discussion of the changes
detailed below the question of the validity of the
changes came up, as it often does with regard to
papers in this publication. It was suggested that
given the nature of the peer review process in use
at Amphipacifica, things published in it were not
really published and available. This is not the
case! This is a legitimate publication which fully
qualifies as publication under the ICZN rules, and
the names proposed in it are available names. We
cannot just maintain "too many errors, can’t trust
the names" and view the data and opinion
expressed by the authors as suspect. UNLESS
SHOWN OTHERWISE we should view all of the
taxa proposed in the present, and other papers in
the journal, as validly established, and use them
accordingly.

In Amphipacifica Vol. 2(2) Bousfield and
Chevrier began what is apparently a series of
revisionary treatments of the oedicerotids of the
Northeast Pacific. In this first installment they
addressed two large species complexes; that of
Monoculodes s. 1. and that of Synchelidium s. 1 .,
and created a number of new genera from within
them (see attachment). Monoculodes was
restricted, and it’s type species redescribed, since
Monoculodes as defined by Barnard and Karaman
1991 (based on M, carinatus) does not accurately
reflect the genus as described by Stimpson (1853)
from the Bay of Fundy. Stimpson’s type material
of Monoculodes demissus (type by monotypy)
was lost in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, and
as the species has not definitively been taken
since, Bousfield and Chevrier reviewed the 16
NW Atlantic species of Monoculodes s.l. and
eliminated those which conflicted in detail with
Stimpson’s original description. Two species
remained, M. tatirrumus and M. packardi . These
two species were used as basis for detail of the
genus not given by Stimpson originally.

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Having redefined the type of Monoculodes s.l.
they were in a position to restrict the generic
definition, and create several new genera to
handle groups of species now outside
Monoculodes s.s. Of the new genera erected,
four occur in the Northeast Pacific:

Rostroculodes , Hartmanodes , Deflexilodes , and
Pacifoculodes. The first of these is restricted to
the boreal region, with no representatives yet
known south of Southeastern Alaska. The
remaining three, however, have representatives in
the Southern California Bight along with
Monoculodes s.s.

Characters which are important in separation of
these generic taxa are in the eyes and rostrum of
the head; the relative shape, size, and setation of
the carpi and propodi of gnathopods 1 and 2; the
relative sizes and setosity of the articles in
pereopods 3 and 4; and the shape and setation of
the basis of pereopod 7.

Genera of the Monoculodes s. 1. group

Bousfield and Chevrier prepared a key to allow
separation of the genera in the cluster around
Monoculodes s.L (1996, p. 80). The first couplet
deals with character states of G1 and G2. It
separates Monoculodes s. s., with gnathopods
similar in size and shape, and with carpi relatively
broad dorsally (anteriorly), and with short broad
ventral lobes from the remainder of the genera. In
all other genera either G1 and G2 are quite
dissimilar in shape (with G2 propod elongate
relative to Gl), or one or both have longer
narrower carpal ventral lobes. This difference is
difficult to express verbally, but is clearly set out
in the illustrations in Figure 1 on page 79. The
only genus near Monoculodes s. s. in similarity of
gnathopodal propodi is Ameroculodes . In this
genus, however, the carpal lobe of G2 is much
more slender than in Monoculodes s. s .. Rostral
shape and eye placement also differs in the two
genera; with Ameroculodes species having a long,
thin, slightly deflexed rostrum, and eye placement
at the rostral base. In Monoculodes s . $. the eye
occupies nearly all of the much shorter rostrum.

The character states of the palmar defining spines
as long and slender in Monoculodes s . s. and
short in the remaining genera should be deleted.
In at least Limnoculodes, Ameroculodes and
Hartmanodes these spines, as illustrated in Figure
1 of Bousfield and Chevrier, are as long as they
are in Monoculodes s. s.. Rather than critically
examine characters used in this entire key, I have
constructed an alternative key including only the
four genera known to occur in the Eastern Pacific
south of Alaska. The one genus which extends to
Alaska, but not further south {Rostroculodes) is
sufficiently distinctive that it need not be included
in the key (see attached key).

Status of several names currently on the SCAMIT
Taxonomic Listing has been changed by actions
taken by Bousfield and Chevrier in their revision.
These are summarized below:

Monoculodes hartmanae » Hartmanodes
hartmanae (J. L. Barnard 1962)
Monoculodes norvegicus *** Deflexilodes
norvegicus (Boeck 1871)

Other regional species not on the list which are
affected are:

Monoculodes murrius ** Hartmanodes murrius
(J. L. Barnard 1962)

Monoculodes spinipes ** Pacifoculodes spinipes
(Mills 1962)

Monoculodes spinipes of Barnard 1962 [records
from Southern California (non Mills 1
962)]“*' Pacifoculodes bamardi
Bousfield and Chevrier 1996
Monoculodes zemovi Pacifoculodes zemovi
(Gurjanova 1938)

Species currently assigned to Bathymedon,
Oediceroides, Oediceropsis, Arrhis, Aceroides
and Westwoodilla were not covered in this portion
of the revision. The species which belonged to
Synchelidium sM were treated, and were also
divided into Synchelidium s.s . and several new
genera. Only three of these genera occur in the
northeast Pacific. Synchelidium s.s. does not
occur here. The genus Finoculodes , which is

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related to the Synchelidium sJ. group has been
taken off Oregon and northern California, but not
yet in the Southern California Bight. The second
genus occurring in the area, Eochelidium
Bousfield and Chevrier 1996, is introduced from
the Northwest Pacific. The remaining species,
including all those previously recorded as
Synchelidium from this area, were placed in the
new genus Americhelidium by Bousfield and
Chevrier.

The Synchelidium Revision

We have recognized problems with speciation in
the genus Synchelidium in the southern California
Bight for some time. J. L, Barnard had prepared
preliminary diagnoses of four new species of
Synchelidium which had been in process at his
death. He had distributed this to SCAMIT in the
hopes that someone in our area would be willing
to devote time to the problem as he was consumed
with other more pressing projects. One of the
four species had been separately described as
Synchelidium micropleon (Barnard 1977), leaving
three undescribed forms from our area. It was
with the intent of relating these preliminary
descriptions of Barnard to the new taxa
introduced by Bousfield and Chevrier that I began
to examine the revision.

A problem immediately became apparent with the
new genus Americhelidium . This genus, erected
to contain all the existing described species of
1 Synchelidium" in the eastern north Pacific as
well as several new species, was established with
Synchelidium spinipes Mills, 1962 as type (pg.
122). Unfortunately there is no "Synchelidium
spinipes Mills 1962"; Mills erected Monoculodes
spinipes in his 1962 paper (Mills 1962 - pg. 12-
14, fig. 3). The characters of this species as
established in the original description are widely
divergent from those of the genus Synchelidium ,
and it has never before referred to in the binomen
"Synchelidium spinipes". I assume this is an
unfortunate lapsus, with Synchelidium shoemakeri
Mills, 1962 as the intended type. This
assumption is based on the statement in the
abstract that A . shoemakeri is the type species.

and the inclusion (evidently as an afterthought, as
it is not italicized like the other included species)
of S . shoemakeri as the last entry under Species
for the new genus.

Under the ICZN rules this designation would best
be described as "misidentified type species" under
Article 70b, This requires that the case be
referred to the Commission for a decision as to
which species should be designated as the type;
that originally designated in error, or another
species selected by the Commission in the best
interests of stability in nomenclature. Dr.
Bousfield (in litt.) disagrees, maintaining that the
designation of spinipes is such a clear lapsus, that
it can be discounted. In that case he suggests that
the indication of 5. shoemakeri as type of
Americhelidium in the abstract is sufficient to fix
it, and that a correction to the designation is all
that is needed. I will attempt to contact the
Commission to determine if his position is the
correct one.

In the mean time the question of how to deal with
this genus is simplified by the fact that
"Synchelidium” spinipes Mills, 1962 was
[correctly as Monoculodes spinipes Mills, 1962]
designated as the type of another newly erected
genus Pacifoculodes (Bousfield and Chevrier,
1996, pg. 102). This designation, with page
priority, renders Americhelidium Bousfield and
Chevrier, 1996, a junior objective synonym of
Pacifoculodes Bousfield and Chevrier, 1996
(following ICZN Rule 67k). In the following
discussion I will continue to use Synchelidium as
the valid name for this group (pending
Commission review).

Although Eochelidium is a northwest Pacific
endemic genus we have a species of it in southern
California. We assume this species is an
introduction, and not a relict, mainly because of
it’s rapid appearance in a harbor environment in
an area which had been monitored for years. A
voucher sheet is in preparation for this species,
Eochelidium sp A.

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October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol, 15, No, 6

According to Kathy Langan, the species of
Synch el idium they find in San Francisco Bay is S .
millsi. Seven of the nine species in the later genus
potentially occur in southern California, although
only S. micropleon (Barnard 1977) is listed as
occurring here (Bousfield and Chevrier, 1996,
Table III). Attempts to assign the three Barnard
MS species of Synchelidium to the new species of
Bousfield and Chevrier have not been successful.
We potentially have seven species in our area: S.
micropleon , S. sp A of Barnard MS, S. sp G of
Barnard MS, S . sp E of Barnard MS, the new
species mentioned below (to be SCAMIT sp A),

S . shoemakeri as defined by Bousfield and
Chevrier, and S. rectipalmum as defined by them.

Recent samples at CSDLAC have yielded S.
shoemakeri and S. rectipalmum (based on
Bousfield and Chevrier characters) as well as a
third species, which differs from all of the species
mentioned above. It is characterized by a second
pleonal epimeron with a posterioventral comer
which bears a very small but sharp tooth, by a
slightly oblique palm on Gl, by a G2 dactyl
which is about 20% of the propod length, by lack
of a posterior lobe on the basis of P7, and by an
elongate propod of P3. A voucher sheet is in
preparation, but is not yet completed.

It is likely that southern California specimens
identified in the past as S. rectipalmum would still
be identified as such using the characters applied
by Bousfield and Chevrier. In the case of S.
shoemakeri , prior local identifications are suspect,
and need confirmation using the suite of
characters described and illustrated By Bousfield
and Chevrier. It is likely that several species,
including S. shoemakeri , have been lumped under
that name in the past.

The key to the genus provided by Bousfield and
Chevrier (not just the north Pacific species as
stated in the key caption) utilizes a number of
characters, predominantly of the gnathopods and
pereopods. The condition of the posterior distal
margin of the second pleonal epimeron is also
considered, as are a few mouthpart and uropod
characters.

There are two errors in the key which need
correction:

1) the second half of couplet 2 should
lead to couplet_4, not couplet and

2) in the first part of couplet 3 the final
character deals with the 3rd mandibular palp
segment, not the 2nd

The first couplet provides characters to
differentiate S. rectipalmum from the remaining
species in the genus. Several of these seem
problematical, and although perhaps valid for the
authors, are not useful in my attempted
application. The first statement serves as an
example "Coxa 4 very broad, acutely produced
behind" vs. "Coxa 4 regular, posterior angle little
produced ( S . rectipalmumy .

When illustrations of the species concerned are
examined to interpret the key distinctions these
become unclear, In most of the species there is a
large roughly triangular projection on the
posterio-distal corner of coxa 4, while that in S.
rectipalmum is less prominent. There is,
however, no dramatic difference, and a user of
the key examining a single animal would be hard
pressed to uniformly and accurately make this
distinction. A further complication is the lack of
an acute posterior expansion of the posterio-distal
coxa 4 margin in S. latipalpum . The posterior
margin of coxa 4 in this species is produced into a
rounded lobe which differs from the triangular
projection seen in the remaining taxa - including
S. rectipalmum.

The second character in this couplet "pereopod 6
antero-distal lobe deep, sharply rounded vs
pereopod 6, antero-distal lobe shallowly rounded"
is also problematic. Once again this is a coxal
character, although the key reference is
ambiguous as no location for the lobe is given.
The distinction between deep and sharply rounded
and shallowly rounded seems clear enough until
one checks the condition, only to find that in S.
shoemakeri the lobe is even smaller and shallower
than in S. rectipalmum. This would lead to
misclassification based on this character if used .

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There is no clear difference in this character
between S . rectipalmum and either S . setosum or
S. pectination based on the illustrated specimens
while the character does seem to work for the
remaining species. It seems inadvisable to use it
at this point in the key, however, because of it's
only partial applicability.

The character of transverse vs oblique palm on
gnathopod 1 is fairly straightforward, and seems
to effectively separate S. rectipalmum from all the
remaining species. The proportions of the dactyl
and propod on gnathopod 2 also seem
informative, with that of S . rectipalmum differing
from all other species. In practice, however, the
distinction between approximately 1/3 and about
1/4 can be difficult to apply, particularly with
juvenile specimens. This character must be used
in conjunction with others since there is little
separation between the ratio in S, rectipalmum
and that in some other species.

The last character in the first couplet "maxilliped
outer plate tall [reaching beyond l A palp segment
2] vs maxilliped outer plate short [not reaching
beyond x h palp segment 2] is a very difficult
criterion to apply if the illustrations of this
condition provided are accurate. While the
qualitative descriptors "tall" and 11 short 11 are well
differentiated, in practice the difference often
seems to be between 51% and 49% of the length
of the palp - hardly a major or even a reliably
perceived distinction. I would recommend that
this character not be applied.

In couplet 2 use of relative terms continues [these
are, after all, nearly impossible to avoid] with a
distinction between markedly oblique and slightly
oblique propod palms. This character is actually
the relative length of the front and hind margins
of the propod. Where the hind margin is short
relative to the anterior margin the palm is
noticeably oblique. Where the hind margin is
long the palm approaches transverse. This couplet
attempts to continue the separation begun in the
first couplet with the transverse palmed S.
rectipalmum by separating those at the other end
of the length spectrum [hind margin short] from

the remaining species with a hind margin of
intermediate length. Although a bit ambiguous,
this character is probably applicable with a good
degree of agreement by most observers.

Reference to the illustrations provided for the
species concerned should allow short vs.
intermediate length margins to be reliably
separated.

The following character of the second epimeron is
also qualitative but clear. "Hind comer acutely
produced' 1 is well illustrated for die two species
which show this character. The only ambiguity is
with S . variabilum , where the description
indicates the hind comer as acute and
unproduced, and the illustration shows the second
epimeron as slightly produced ventrally. This is
very minor compared to the production of the
posterioventral comer in S. millsi and S .
shoemakeri , but reference to the illustration is
necessary to avoid ambiguity. Despite its name,

S. variabilum was not reported to vary in the
condition of the second epimeron.

The final character in couplet 2 is the relative
setosity of the lower margin of the posterior lobe
of coxa 5. While this seems to have potential as a
discriminatory tool, it is ambiguous as applied in
the key. The problem seems to be that there is a
continuum of varying setosity, with "nearly bare"
defining one end, and "variously setose"
encompassing the remainder. Unfortunately
"nearly bare" fits quite comfortably within
"variously setose" which renders the character
largely meaningless. The nature of the setation is
represented on the figures, but in a way which is
difficult to interpret. In all cases the anterior
portion of the posterior lobe of coxa 5 is
illustrated as overlain by the basis. The setae in
this position on the coxa 5 lobe are delicately
stippled in as "ghost" features underneath the
basis. With careful inspection they can be located
in the figures. In S. millsi and S. shoemakeri the
"nearly bare " condition could be better rendered
as "setae restricted to anterior portion of posterior
lobe". In both species the ventral and posterior
margins of the lobe lack setae, while the
remaining species bear setae ventrally or in both

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October, 1996

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Vol. 15, No. 6

of these portions of the lobe. The alternate
character states would then be "setae restricted to
anterior portion of posterior lobe" and "posterior
lobe with ventral setae throughout".

Couplet 3 separates S. millsi from 5. shoemakeri
based on three sets of characters: 1) length/height
ratio of propod of G2; 2) setation of the anterior
margin of the G1 basis; and 3) length of article 3
relative to article 2 of the mandibular palp. The
first of these is, while tempting, probably not a
character that can be reliably used by more than
one observer. The difference between 6 to 1 and
7 to 1 may be useful with large suites of
comparative material, but is useless with a single
specimen - especially those as small as the typical
synchelidiid. This translates to perception of 2-
3% difference in length vs. a constant width; an
unrealistic expectation. I recommend that this
criterion be dropped.

Setation of the anterior margin of the G1 basis
does, however, offer an unambiguous separation
between these two species. I suggest modifying
the wording of the key slightly to "basis with
cluster of many anterior marginal setae" vs.

"basis anterior margin with a few setae distally".
The relative lengths of articles 2 and 3 of the
mandibular palp is another case where the
language used needs interpretation by reference to
the illustrations. In the key the distinction is
between article 3 more than or less than half the
length of article 2. This suggests another 51-49%
debacle but the two states are actually not that
close as illustrated. In S . shoemakeri segment 3 is
illustrated as just under x h the length of article 2,
while in 5. millsi it is between 2/3 and 3/4 the
length. This separation can easily and
consistently be made by nearly all observers. I
would suggest modifying the key to be more
explicit here so that for 5. millsi "mandibular palp
segment 3 long, nearly 3/4 the length of segment
2" and for S. shoemakeri "mandibular palp
segment 3 half or less the length of segment 2".
Interestingly, Bousfieid and Chevrier indicate that
the condition applies to the female in the second
half of the couplet without that restriction in the
first half. While it is not usual for mouthparts to

be sexually dimorphic, such dimorphism is
indicated in the text for two of the species - S.
rectipalmum and S. shoemakeri , and is listed as a
character of the genus. In all Synchelidum article
3 is relatively longer in the male. We must then
stipulate that this character applies only to the
female, diminishing the usefulness of the
distinction.

Another character which might be added to the
key was evident in the illustrations of the these
two species; the spination of the outer rami of the
third uropods. In S. millsi there are three spines
laterally on the outer ramus, while the outer
margin of the outer ramus of U3 is bare in 5.
shoemakeri . This could be substituted for the
invalid first character in the existing key.

Couplet 4 begins with a character of the relative
length of article 6 of P3, with the "long" state
equal to twice as long as wide, and the "very
short" state equal to 1.5 times as long as wide.
While I might quarrel with the use of the term
"very", this character is probably applicable
without confusion. The second character set in
the couplet is relative length of the propod of G2.
Since the two states are overlapping (4-5 times
width, and 5-6 times width) the character is of
little use, and should be avoided, especially since
4-5x is termed "short" and 5-6x "relatively long".
The relative lengths of articles 2 and 3 of the
mandibular palp [in the female] discussed
previously are used as the next set of states in
couplet 4. They appear relatively simple to
determine accurately.

The last character used in this couplet, relative
length of the outer plate of the maxilliped, is not
of use in separating the species it purports to.
Either the inner plate is intended, in which case
the statement "...plate very short, barely reaching
palp segment 2" in the second half of the couplet
works; or it really is the outer plate and the
statement "...plate medium; nearly reaching
halfway point of palp segment 2" in the first half
of the couplet works. The two are mutually
exclusive. Examination of the available
maxilliped illustrations shows that for all species

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October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 6

the inner plate either is shorter than or just barely
reaches the base of palp article 2, and the outer
plate reaches well beyond the base of article 2 -
often beyond its midpoint. It is unclear both
where the key error lies, and how any character
states derived from these lengths could be used to
separate these species.

The first character of couplet 5 also is a repeat of
an earlier usage in the key [in couplet 2]; shape of
hind corner of epimeron 2. In this case it is not
whether the corner is produced or not, but
whether it is rounded or acute. This may prove
difficult to see on the smallest specimens -
requiring whole body mounting and examination
under the compound microscope, but should be
determinable with effort. The two states are
sufficiently different that the distinction should be
clear once a good view of the area is obtained.

The second set of character states should be more
easily determined. In S. micropleon U3 is short,
not extending past midlength of the U2 rami. The
other half of the couplet describes the more
normal condition in which the U3 rami extend as
far as the end of the U2 rami. The third set of
character states also seems clear. Although telson
broadly rounded vs sharply rounded do not sound
that different, in practice the difference is clear.
The last set of states is also clear; whether the
blades of the mandibular raker row are slender or
stout.

A character of P7 begins couplet 6; the extent of
the ventral lobe of article 2 of P7. The two states
are well separated, and should pose no
interpretive or cognitive problems. The second
character set is also unequivocal, if harder to
ascertain. Whether the spines at the distal end of
the outer plate of maxilla 1 are pectinate or not
should be clear, but will require careful
examination under high power after removal of
the maxilla. An additional character which might
be substituted in lieu of mouthpart dissection is
the setation of article 3 of the mandibular palp -
which can be viewed in situ without dissection. In
S, pectinatum article 3 is quite setose medially,
while in 5. variabilum there are no medial setae
on the segment, which bears only a terminal seta.

Couplet 7 begins as did couplet 6, with the extent
of the ventral lobe of the basis of P7. Again there
should be no difficulty in application of this
character. The second set of character states are
of more potential difficulty. In the first half of
the couplet species have the inner ramus of U3
with 1-2 marginal spines, while the alternate state
is U3 inner ramus with 3-6 marginal spines.

There is no apparent overlap in characters, but
there is also no separation between the end of one
state and the beginning of the next: a worrisome
situation.

Both species in couplet 8 are from outside our
area, and so the couplet need not concern us.

In couplet 9 the first character set seems easily
applied; coxa 1 lower margin densely or
"regularly" setose ventrally. The meaning of the
terms densely and regularly is defined in terms of
setal number, so they are not equivocal. The two
states seem well separated, and the character
easily and reliably determinable. The second
character set reverts to consideration of uropod
ramal spine count, in this case on U2. The
difference in inner ramus spine count - 3 to 4 vs.

6 seems reasonably separable, but the invariate 6
may mean that there have not been enough
observations of the species to properly define the
expected range. The last character set seems
quite clear: carpal lobe very narrow or relatively
broad. Reference to the illustrations shows that it
should be easily interpreted and useful.

The above comments should not be construed as
criticism of the contributions of Bousfield and
Chevrier. The y successfully introduced several
new characters, clarified the variability of others,
and generally contributed to our knowledge of
this difficult group, That the solutions are not
entirely perfect should only spur us on to further
refinement. Hopefully a revised key to local
Synchelidium species (including the new
provisional), and voucher sheets for both the new
Synchelidium sp A of SCAMIT, and for
Eochelidium sp A of SCAMIT (the former
"Synchelidium sp A" mentioned in the
Newsletter) will be ready for inclusion in the next

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October, 1996

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Vol. 15, No. 6

newsletter. Since my view of things is not the
only possible view the editor would appreciate
hearing from other members as to their further
experiences in use of the Bousfieid and Chevrier
revision. Findings contrary to those mentioned
above should be made known to the membership,
so please send them in!

Polydora TABLE

Attached to this newsletter is the new Polydora
table(s). The original SCAMIT table, which
appeared in volume 13 (7) of the newsletter and
was based on work done by Leslie Harris, has
been revised and separated due to Blake’s (1996)
recent revision of the genus. Besides separating
the species into two tables Polydora and
Dipolydora, the species have been grouped by
similar characteristics (rather than just

alphabetically). Also, many blanks and question
marks have now been filled in. This will,
hopefully, make the table easier and quicker to
use. Also, attached is a list of the bibliography
that was used to revise the table.

ISOPOD CONFERENCE

First notice of the Second International Isopod
Conference and Workshop has been sent out.
The gathering is intended to honor the life and
work of the late T. E. Bowman. It will be held
next year 18-21 May, just before the Crustacean
Society Summer Meeting in Mobile, Alabama.
The Isopod Conference will be held at the
Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island,
Alabama. For additional information please see
the attachment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BARNARD, J. LAURENS, Gordan S, Karaman, 1991. The Families and genera of marine

gammaridean Amphipoda (except marine gammaroids). Part 2. Supplement 13: Records of the
Australian Museum.

BLAKE, JAMES A., Brigitte Hilbig, Paul H. (eds ). Scott. 1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic

Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6- The Annelida
Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. 377pp. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural
History: Santa Barbara, Ca.

BOUSFIELD, EDWARD L., and Andrde Chevrier. 1996. The amphipod family Oedicerotidae on the
Pacific coast of North America. Part 1. The Monoculodes and Synchelidium generic
complexes: systematics and distributional ecology. Amphipacifica 2(2):75- 148.

CACHIA, C., C. Mifsud, P. M. Sammut. 1996. The marine Mollusca of the Maltese Islands. Part 13:
Neotaenioglossa. 228pp. Naturama: Italy.

CAMPOS, E. 1996. Partial revision of the genus Fabia Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Brachyura;
Pinnotheridae. Journal of Natural History 30(8): 1157-1178.

CHI A, FU-SHIANG, Glenys Gibson, and Pei-Yuan Qian. 1996. Poecilogony as a reproductive
strategy of marine invertebrates. Oceanologica Acta 19(3^4):203-208.

PERSON, S., L. R. Ginzburg, and R. A. Goldstein. 1996. Inferring ecological risk from toxicity
bioassays. Water Air and Soil Pollution 90(l-2):71-82.

GIRAY, CEM, and Gary M. King, 1996. Protogiossus graveolens . a new hemichordate

(Hemichordata: Enteropneusta: Harrimanidae) from the northwest Atlantic. Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington 109(3);430-445.

11

October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

VoL 15, No. 6

GOSLINER, TERRENCE M., and David W. Behrens. 1996. Two new species of nudibranch mollusks
from the Gulf of the Farallones and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries, central
California. Veliger 39(4): 348-3 53.

JENSEN, KATHE R. 1996. Phylogenetic systematics and classification of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca,
Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
Series B - Biological Sciences 351(1335):91-122.

MCLAUGHLIN, PATSY A., and Janet Haig. 1973. On the status of Pa gurus mertensii Brandt, with
descriptions of a new genus and two new species from California (Crustacea: Decapoda:
Paguridae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 72(3): 113-136.

MCLAUGHLIN, PATSY A., and Gregory C. Jensen. 1996. A new species of hermit crab of the genus
Parapagurodes (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from the Eastern Pacific, with a description
of its first zoeal stage. Journal of Natural History 30(6):841-854.

MILLS, ERIC L. 1962. Amphipod crustaceans of the Pacifc coast of Canada. II. Family
Oedicerotidae. Natural History Papers, National Museum of Canada 15:1-21.

OTWAY, N. M., D. J. Sullings, and N. W. Lenehan. 1996. Trophically-based assessment of the

impacts of deepwater sewage disposal on a demersal fish community. Environmental Biology of
Fishes 46(2): 167-183.

SIGVALDADoTTIR, ELIN. 1995. Systematics of Spionidae and Prionosnio (Polychaeta). Stockholms
Universitet: Stockholm, Sweden. 32pp. [+22pp., 4- 16pp., + 9pp., + lOpp., -4 24pp.J

STIMPSON, WILLIAM. 1853. Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan: or the region
about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to
Knowledge 6(5): 1-66.

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

fcmaiLafltass

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

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12

NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

of Los Angeles County

900 Exposition Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90007

Research Seminar Series
Fall 1996

Thursday 26 September 1996. The Abduction of Cladistics. Kirk Fitzhugh,
LACM.

Thursday 10 October 1996. Evolution of Biodiversity: Patterns from
Butterfly-Ant Symbioses. Phil DeVries, University of Oregon.

Thursday 24 October 1996. The Crustacean Biodiversity Survey: a

Potential Model for Posting Biodiversity Information on the World
Wide Web. Jody Martin, LACM.

Thursday 14 November 1996. The Ordovician Radiation. Mary Droser,
UC Riverside.

Thursday 12 December 1996. The Los Angeles Feral Parrot Survey.

Kimball Garrett, LACM.

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Times Mirror Room
Seminars begin at 3:00PM, coffee and refreshments at 2:30PM
For more information contact Dr. Brian Brown (213) 744-3363

All welcome!

George C. Page Museum, Hancock Park, 580/ Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90036, (213) 857-637/
William S. Hart Museum, Hart Park , 24157 San Fernando RoadNewball, California 9 1327 , (£<75 J 254-4584

October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 6

NORTHEAST-PACIFIC SPECIES IN THE

OEDICEROTU) REVISION OF BOUSFIED & CHEVRIER 1996

Family Oedicerotidae

Genus Monoculodes Stimpson 1853 (s.s.)

latimanus (Goes 1866) - Sea of Japan to So. British Columbia, No. Atlantic
emarginatus J. L. Barnard 1962 - Washington/Oregon to So./Baja California
perditus J. L. Barnard 1966 - No.British Columbia to So./Baja California
latissimanus Stephensen 1931- Washington/Oregon to So./B^ja California
brevirostris Bousfleld & Chevrier 1996 - So. British Columbia
diamesus Gurjanova 1936 - Sea of Okhotsk to So. British Columbia
diversisexus J. L. Barnard 1967 - So./Baja California
glyconicus J. L. Barnard 1962 - So./Baja California
necopinus J, L. Barnard 1962 - So./Baja California

recandesco J. L. Barnard 1967 - Washington/Oregon to So./Baja California
sudor J. L. Barnard 1967 - So./Baja California

Genus Rostroculodes Bousfield & Chevrier 1996

longirostris (Goes 1865) - [Bering Sea to SE Alaska] new record, Juneau - dbe

Genus Hartmanodes Bousfield & Chevrier 1996

hartmanae (J. L. Barnard 1962) - So./Baja California
murrius (J. L. Barnard 1962) - So./Baja California

Genus Deflexilodes Bousfield & Chevrier 1996

norvegicus (Boeck 1871) - North Atlantic, So./Baja California
tuberculatus (Boeck 1871) - SE Alaska, So./Baja California
similis Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - Bering Sea to So. British Columbia
enigmaticus Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - SE Alaska to So. British Columbia

Genus Pacifoculodes Bousfield & Chevrier 1996

spinipes (Mills 1962) - No. British Columbia to ?No. California
zernovi (Gurjanova 1938) - Sea of Japan to So. British Columbia
levingsi Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - No. British Columbia
barnardi Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - So./Baja California
bruneli Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - ?Bering Sea to SE Alaska

Genus Eochelidium Bousfield & Chevrier 1996

sp A SCAMIT 1996 - introduced to Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbors [from Sea of Japan?]

[Genus Americhelidium Bousfield & Chevrier 1996] - new name required
rectipalmum (Mills 1962) - Bering Sea to No. California
micropleon (J. L. Barnard 1977) - So./Baja California

millsi Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - So. British Columbia to Washington/Oregon
pectinatum Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - So. British Columbia to No. California
variabilum Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - No. British Columbia to Washington/Oregon
setosum Bousfield & Chevrier 1996 - SE Alaska to No. British Columbia
shoemakeri (Mills 1962) - Bering Sea to Washington/Oregon

Genus Finoculodes J. L. Barnard 1971

omnifera J. L. Barnard 1971 - Washington/Oregon

October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 6

REGIONAL OEDICEROTID SPECIES NOT TREATED
IN BOUSHED & CHEVRIER 1996

Genus Aceroides Sars 1895

callida J. L. Barnard 1967 - So./Baja California

edax J. L. Barnard 1967 - So./ Baja California

latipes (Sars 1882) - No. Atlantic, arctic and boreal Eastern Pacific

sp A MBC, 1984§ - Santa Maria Basin, central California

Genus Arrhis Stebbing 1906

luthkei Gurjanova 1936 - Boreal W. Pacific - SE Alaska

Genus Bathymedon Sars 1895

caino J. L. Barnard 1967 - So./ Baja California

candidus J. L. Barnard 1961 - So J Baja California, Macassar Straits

covilhani J. L. Barnard 1961 - SE Alaska to Gulf of Panama

flebilis J. L. Barnard 1967 - Oregon to So./Baja California

kassites J. L. Barnard 1966 - So./ Baja California

nepos J. L. Barnard 1967 - So./ Baja California

pumilus J. L. Barnard 1962 - So./ Baja California

roquedo J. L. Barnard 1962 - So./ Baja California

sp A J. L. Barnard 1971 - Oregon to So./Baja California

vulpeculus J. L. Barnard 1971 - Oregon to So./Baja California

Genus Oediceroides Stebbing 1888

abyssorum (Shoemaker 1925) - So./ Baja California

morosa (J. L, Barnard 1966) - So./ Baja California

trepadora (J. L. Barnard 1961) - So./ Baja California to Gulf of Panama

Genus Oediceropsis Liijeborg 1865

elsula J. L. Barnard 1966 - So./ Baja California

Genus Westwoodilla Bate 1857

caecula (Bate 1857) - circumboreal, SE Alaska to So/Baja California

October, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 6

KEY TO GENERA IN Monoculodes s. I FROM THE E. PACIFIC SOUTH OF ALASKA
modified from that in Bousfield and Chevrier 1996

1. Gnathopod 1 carpus anterior (dorsal) margin not wider than posterior (ventral) lobe; rostrum
strongly deflexed at or near a 90° angle . Hartmanodes

Gnathopod 1 carpus anterior (dorsal) margin wider than posterior (ventral) lobe; rostrum either
straight, slightly deflexed, or moderately deflexed (to no more than 45° angle) .... 2

2 Basis of pereopod 7 with posteroventral lobe extending beyond end of ischium; ventral

(posterior) lobe of G1 carpus extending the length of propod hind margin .

. Pacifoculodes

Basis of pereopod 7 lacking posteroventral lobe; ventral (posterior) lobe of G1 carpus shorter
than hind margin of propod.3

3- G1 propod posterior margin concave and distally deflexed; rostrum deflexed slightly to
moderately; ventral (posterior) lobe of G2 carpus shorter than hind margin of propod
. Deflexilodes

G1 propod posterior margin convex or straight, and not distally deflexed; rostrum straight or
nearly so; ventral (posterior) lobe of G2 carpus as long as hind margin of propod . . .

...’.Monoculodes s. s.

SCAMIT Newsletter
Vol. 15(6)

TABLES OF DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS FOR
Polydora AND Dipolydora OF CALIFORNIA

The original Polydora table, that was created by Leslie Harris and later re-typed and printed in
the SCAMIT Newsletter has been revised, based on Blake 1996, and split into two separate
tables due to his generic revision. Also, other literature sources were consulted and some
information missing from the original table has now been included. The list of species is now
arranged or grouped based on similar characteristics, rather than alphabetically. This is very
similar to the way Blake (1996) groups the species. A list of bibliography that was specifically
consulted has been included with these tables.

DIPOLYDORA OF CALIFORNIA

(has^d on Blake 1996)

October 1996

Species

Prostomium

shape

Eyes

Median

antenna (+/■)

Caruncle

extends to

Branchiae

begin, end

Pygidium

shape

Pigmentation

Other Characters

Habitat

bifur cat a

V7

0

-

setiger 5

S

4 subequal lobes

none

Borer of coralline algae;

(Blake 198))

with bacillary glands

No. Calif 1 , intertidal

giardi

(Mcanil, t*9ti)

07

0

-

anterior margin

of 3 or mid of 4th

(8-10) through 25lh
absent from posterior

constricted cottar (cEak)

Small caff; Open

none

Coralline, zones; boring
in calcareous growth;

cardalia

(Berkeley, 1927)

m

4

-

end of 5;

anterior of 6

8(7-9) to

near end

variable; disk w/
notch, 3-lobcd

4-lobed

dark brown, small

transverse bands cm some

anterior segments

Itolopodiai po si fetal
lamellae of setiger 1
Large, leaf-tike

British Columbia;

Western Pacific

sodaUs (syn- neocardalia )
(Schnwda 1861)

S7

4-6

sometimes

absent

4-9

S-oearend

(7-9 rare)

flaring disk w/dorsal
notch; may have

shallow lateral

notches or 1 dorsal lobes

dorsal pigment spots.

sometime] dark patches

on pygidium, posterior of
prostomium, anterior-body

nolopodiai postsetal

lame lb of setiger

1 cirriform

Mud and silt. Lagoons

intertidal - 400m

bidentata (syn= cottvexa )

(Zachs, 1933)

m

0-4

-

posterior

margin of 4

S through

anterior 1/3

4-lobed, dorsal pair

smaller than ventral

occasionally darker

on anterior

Hermit crab shells; shells

rock scrapping*; soft

akaina

Blake 1996

P7

0

-

end of setter 4

7-20

4 subcqiul lobes

tight tan

Deep water rocky ouicrops;
off central Calif-; 75 -16*m

armata

(Langcrhafl* 1880)

m

0

-

posterior
margin of 2nd

7-12

narrow collar or cuff.

incised

rrud-doisatty

white - light tan

Intertidal coralline or

calcareous growths

caulleryi (syn^ brodtycephala )

(Meanil, 1*96)

0-4

-

3-4

7-15/20

from end

4 subequal

fleshy lobe!

none

Intertidal m httoral

iritis and clayey mud

quadrilohata

(Jacobi 1**3)

n

4 In a

line

*

anterior

margin 3

7 through

2/3'a bod) 1

4-lobed

none

U-shaped tubes in mud,

subtidsl

commensalis

small/ rounded

0-4

7

absent

6-fie.tr end

constricted, surrounded

none

notosclae

Hermit crab sheHa; mud

(Andrew# 1*91)

faintly bilobed

by 4-14 short papillae

very king on set t-4

flats

elegantissima

(Blake &\Voodwick, 1972)

C7

0

-

3 ot 4; continuing as

low nuchal ridge for

3 (MO add. se tigers

S(7)-nesr end

4 nearly egual lobes

tight tan; palps

dark along margins
of ventral groov es

noto podia! postsetal
lamellae well developed
on se tigers 2-4

Hermit crab shells; 7Wa

intertidal to 20 m

Page I

DIPOLYDOM OF CALIFORNIA

(continued)

October 1996

Species

Spine type

setae, set 5

Companion,

selae (+/-) and type

Superior / inferior

setae (+/-)

Neuropodia!

hooks begin

Posterior

notopodial spine type

bifurcata

(Blake 1981)

falcate w/ large loolh on curved

edge and strut! spur on convex side

+

bristkd companion setae

+/+

7

3-4 thick curved 9 pints

giardi

fMdjia, 1896)

falcate iv/ accessory tooth

+

+/+

7

tidifie

cardalia

(Berkeley, 1927)

12+ falcate vf/ a. west

rtibterrniiud boss

+

?/+

8<7)

nccdlc-like capillaries

SOCialh (syn- neocardalla )

(Schmard* 1861)

3-7 generally straight w/ lubleffliinal

bow (falcate iff sutxliatal cavity)

+

+f+

T

none

biden tat a (syn= cornea)

(Zacri*. 1933)

falcate w i broad collar on

convex side

+

+/+

7

unideotate in posterior

specialized pockets of fine

needle* in notosetse

akaina

Stake 1996

simple wt slightly bent tips and

shaJlosv notch; tips covered with

fine bristles

+fl-

7

6 spines in cone-shaped

bundle

armata

(Laflftntmit 1880)

2-4 io a side, bidentate dotaHy

curved bold tnuisvtree flange

*

+/+

7

(1-16)

post £-12

w/ con cl ike fascicle

of adculaf tfpmcs

CatiUeryi (syn* brachyecpiwla)

(Mcmitt, 1896)

10-12 dislall y

curved, brush-lopped

4-

+/+

7

Luge, straight formed

Into a roseflo

quadrilobata

(Jacobi 1883)

5-7 [totally bifid

w( bristly hifi in concavity

-

+/+

<hc Light 1978)

7

acicular Spine*

commensalis

(Andrews 1891)

6-7 die telly curved

W/ lateral flange

+-

Mimbite

-/+

IDto 14

none

elegantissima

falcate vtf blcml shcalb

+

+1+

none

(Dliltc & Woodnick, 1972)

Page 2

POLYDORA OF CALIFORNIA

(based on Blake 1996)

October 19%

Species

Prostomium

Eyes Median

Caruncle

Branchiae

Pygidium

Pigmentation

Other Characters Habitat

shape

antenna (+/-)

extends to

begin, end

shape

cirrosa

Rioja, 1943

ro « *

incised

3

7

?

7

notopodid postsetal
lobes of setiger 1 long

Oceanside, Pacific

Mexico; to 9m

cornuta (syn=ligni>

Dose, m2

n « *

3

7-nearend

large, flaring disk,
mid-dorsal gap

none

Porms mud tubes; surface
fouling, may be commensal
on oysters

nucha (is

Wood wick 1953

4 +

posterior
margin of 2

7-near end

broadly flaring disk*
wide open dorsal notch

translucent yellow

W dusky sheen

lagoons; intertidal;
may occur in dense
assemblages

species A

may be cirrosa

n * .

incised behind raised

area between eyes as
a false caruncle

setiger 3

7 - near end

flaring disk open
dorsally w/papillae

adults: none; juvs.:black spots
between neuro/noto lobes
or paired dorsal-lateral spots
between lobes, block papillae
and pigment on pygidial rim

Oceanside, Solaua Reach

7-16 n

brevipatpa

Z*As 1933

n

4

middle of set. 3/4

7 - long

disc-like w/ dorsal notch

pnlps with distinct block bands

Common in calcareous

habitats; intertidal

linticola

Annenkovs 1934

slight

incision

4

-

nuchal ridge
to 2-4

1-1

disc-like w/ dorsal notch

pale w/ black diffusions; palp!

&, segments 2-4 w/ black bars
lateral edges of prost. dark

Intertidal irt Mytilus beds;
forming large masses on
rocks

pygidial is

Disks & Wood wick 1972

n

0-4

-

posterior
margin 2

1 through

2/3's of body

broad terminal end,
strongly scoop-shaped
open dorsally

light tan;

anterior end slightly ditsky

Hermit crub shells;
piling material

rickettst

(Woodwick 1961)

n

0

'

anterior
margin to Slh

7

disklike w/dorsal

notch

brown along edges of
prostomium and
posterior body

Spirobmnchtts lube;
gastropod shells

Cape San Lucas; Chile

websteri

1 tinman 1943

n

4

-

middle to end

of 3rd

7 to posterior
15-16 segments

flaring dist-like
w/dorsat notch

pulps w/ hi tick line
along margins, ciliated
grooves

Burrows in dam A oyster
shells; intertidal and in lagoons;
common in central Calif.

Sp, of 13take 1996

r\

0

-

setiger 4
w/ lateral cilia

7

black pigmented areas on palps;
laterally on anterior setigers and
border of caruncle

calcareous structures

3G-60m

Poire 1

POLYDORA OF CALIFORNIA

(continued)

Spine type

Companion

Superior / inferior

Men ro pod ini

Posterior

setae,set 5

setae (+/-) and type

setae (+/-)

hooks begin

notopodia! spine type

cirrosa

falcate w/ subdistal

+

7

Rioja, 1943

concavity

plumose

(see Blake 1983)

cornuta

weakly falcate w/

+

-/■

7

Bote, mi

small secondary tooth

nuchalis

8-10 thick falcate

+

7

Wood wick 1953

spine.

bristled, plumose

species A

falcate, subdistal

+

4-

7

nuybflrirmtt

flange Or boss, flaring

brevipatpa

Vtf lateral llnnge

+

-/+ (En<)ii5hevsfc5'1993)

'!/- (Imajinu & Sato 1984)

7

limicola

thick fabate spines
wi accessory tooth

+/+

7

pygidialis

Blake & Wood wick 19 72

falcate w/ large
lateral accessory tooth

+

pentioned

+/+

7

rickettsi

(Woodwick 1961)

falcate v/f sharply curved
accessory tooth wflatcrdl

flange, 5lh overlapping 6 & 7th

+

+/+

(see ‘Wcocwick 1963)

(4-5)

websteri

Hartman 1943

falcate w/ lateral flange

in subdistal concavity, 7-9

+

+1+

(see Woodwick 1961)

7(8)

Sp. ofDUko 1996

falcate v/f accessory tooth

oc fhwgc

+

+/+

7

Page 2

POLYDORA OF CALIFORNIA

(based on Blake 1996)

October 1996

Species Prostomium

shape

Eyes

Median

antenna (+/-)

Caruncle

extends to

Branchiae

begin, end

Pygidium

shape

Pigmentation

Other Characters Habitat

bioccipitaUs

Blake & Wood wick, t972

(V

4

2

posterior 7-near end

margin of 2nd
(set. 5-Blake 1996)

thickened
disk w/dorsal gap

none

Hermit crab shells

heterochaeta

Rioja 1939

entire

4

-

end of 2

7-16

cuff-like w/ bacillary glands

paired bars on dorsum of 3^1;
midorsal tandem spots 7-11

Silty sand

narlca

Light, 1969

alight notch

0

-

anterior of 5

7-

25t1i from end

broad disk;
middorsal notch

pigment along either side of
prostomial ridge; barred palpi
w/dark bases; segs 1-4 barred

Commensal w/
ampharetids; Monterey

Bay only, 30-60 m

spongicoJa

Berkeley & Berkeley 19S0

A

may be weakly
incised

4

-

2-5

7-8 to

1 Oth from end

narrow collar, slight
middorsal notch

none

Commensal w/ sponges
intertidal to slope depths
tn mixed sediments

attoporis

Light, 1976

n

"roll of tissue"

2

4/5

7-pygJdium

widely flaring disc
deep dorsal cleft
many small post papillae,
silver disc color

median and post
segments

in AUopora California i

Page 3

POLYDO/IA OF CALIFORNIA

(eontmued)

October

Specie*

Spine type

setae, set 5

Companion,

setae (+/-) and type

Superior / inferior

setae (+/-)

Neuropodial

hooks begin

Posterior

notopodial spine type

bioccipilalis

DiaVo & Woc^wiek, V972

falcate w/ 3 accessory structures
(2 teeth and a curved fang)

-/+?

(tc* Blake and WoodwicV •'T2)

9(10-14)

0-9)

-

heterochaeia

3 types; gianf single falcate with groove,

single pointed spine v/t sub terminal inflated

portion, 2-3 falcate vr/ large access, tooth

+

+/+

9(7?)

““

ttarica

falcate w/ lateral

accessory \s*Ah and Mange on con cave side

+

-H+

7

-

spongicofa

B«iiclcy & Berkeley 1950

4 very thick falcate,

w/ broad subtcmiitia] collar on concave side

Slh overlapping 6&7tli

+/+

(6-7)

none

attoporis

6-7(8) distally falcate.

+

-ty+

7

light, mo

subdistal concavity bordered by collar and
flange laterally and ventrally

lancellate to spitiey clubs

(2-3)

SCAMIT Newsletter
Vol. 15 (6)

BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST FOR Polydora AND Dipolydora TABLES

BLAKE, JAMES A. 1971. Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of Northe America
(Polychaeta, Spionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 75:1-32.

—. 1979. Revision of Some Polydorids (Polychaeta: Spionidae) Described and Recorded from British
Columbia by Edith and Cyril Berkeley. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
92(3):606-617.

—. 1981a. Polvdora and Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from western Mexico, chiefly from
calcareous habitats. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93(4):947- 962.

—. 1981b. A new coralline boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from northern California.
Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 80:32-35.

—. 1983. Polychaetes of the family Spionidae from South America, Antarctica and adjacent seas and
islands. Biology of Antarctic Seas XIV. Antarctic Research Series 39:205-288.

—. 1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara
Channel. Volume 6- The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. 377pp.

BLAKE, JAMES A., and Keith H. Woodwick. 1972. New Species of Polvdora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from
the Coast of California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 70(2):72- 79.

IMAJIMA, M. and W. SATO; 1984. A new species of Polydora (Polychaeta, Spionidae) collected from
Abashiri Bay, Hokkaido. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, series A (Zoology), 10:57-62.

LIGHT, WILLIAM J. 1969. Polydora narica . New Species, and Pseudopolvdora kempi californioa, New
subspecies. Two New Spionids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Central California. Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences XXXVI(18):531- 550.

—. 1978. Invertebrates of the San Francisco Bay Estuary System. Spionidae. (Polychaeta, Annelida). The
Boxwood Press. Pacific Grove, California. 211pp.

RAD ASHE VSKY, V. I. 1993. Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the northwest Pacific
Polychaeta: Spionidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36(1/2): 1-60.

WOODWICK, KEITH H. 1961. Polydora rickettsi . a New Species of Spionid Polychaete from Lower
California. Pacific Science 15:78-81.

SECOND INTERNATIONAL ISOPOD CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP
Honoring the Life and Work of Thomas E. Bowman

Organizers: Rick Brusca, Bob George, Brian Kensley

FIRST NOTICE

WHEN: 18-21 May 1997

Immediately preceding the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean
Society in Mobile, Alabama

WHERE: Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA

REGISTRATION FEE: $190 {single room plus meals)

$150 (double room plus meals)

LODGING: Single or Double Dormitory-style rooms at Dauphin Island
Lab.

Participants may also arrange their own accomodations at any of
the four modestly-priced motels on Dauphin Island:

Gulf Breeze Motel: 1510 Cadillac Ave* (334) 861-7344

(334) 861-6616

Bayside Motel and Apartments: 510 Lemoyne Dr. (334) 861-4994
Harbor Lights Inn: 1506 Cadillac Ave. (334) 861-5534

Sand Castle Beach Front Condominiums: 50 Forney Johnston St.

(334) 861-6691

MEALS: All meals and coffee-breaks are included in the Registra¬
tion Fee, and will be served at the lab. There are three cafes on
the island, so dining out is possible.

SCHEDULE:

18 May Participants arrive at Mobile airport.

Shuttle van to Dauphin Is. Sea Lab.

Evening reception at local restaurant.

19 May Morning and afternoon, papers and discussion.

20 May Morning and afternoon, papers and discussions.

Evening banquet.

21 May Morning, papers and discussion.

Afternoon, depart for Mobile.

21-24 May Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society, Mobile,
Alabama

POSSIBLE TOPICS: Isopod Biodiversity and Biogeography.

Isopod phylogeny.

Isopod databases, keys.

TRANSPORT: A shuttle bus will be provided to carry participants
from the Mobile airport to Dauphin Island, a 45 minute drive.

Plan your arrival in Mobile for no later than 5:00 p.m. on May
18th. Inform Brian Kensley of your flight and time of arrival, so
that you can be met at the airport.

1

REGISTRATION FORM

If you plan to attend the Second International Isopod Workshop
and Conference at Dauphin Island, Alabama, please complete this
form and return it to Brian Kensley, NHB-163, Smithsonian Insti¬
tution, Washington, D.C. 20560 {Phone (202) 357-4666, Fax (202)
357-3043, E-Mail MNHIV019@SIVM.SI.EDU

1. Name {as you wish it to appear on your lapel badge).

Postal Address:

Telephone No.

Fax No.

E-Mail Address:

2. I wish to reserve SINGLE DOUBLE accomodation at the
Dauphin Island Sea Lab (circle one).

or

[] I will arrange my own accomodation on Dauphin Island.

3. Enclosed is a CHECK MONEY ORDER BANK ORDER for $190/$150 US,
for the Registration Fee (circle one).

4. I plan to present a PAPER and/or a POSTER (circle one or
both).

5. Title of my paper:_

(Send a one-page Abstract to Brian Kensley no later than 31
March 1997. The Abstract page should have a one-inch margin all
round, for easy copying.)

6. One T-shirt is included in the registration fee; additional T-
shirts will be sold at minimum cost.

T-shirt size: SMALL MEDIUM LARGE X-LARGE (circle one
or more).

2

November, 1996 SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No.7

NEXT MEETING: Recent Developments in Phyllodocid Taxonomy

GUEST SPEAKER:
DATE:

Dr. Fred Pleijel, Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Stockholm

Tuesday, 14 January 1997

TIME:

9:30am to 3:30pm

LOCATION: Worm Lab, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles

County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles

Thysanozoon californicum from Hyman 1953

JANUARY MEETING

We are taking a Holiday this December, there
will not be a regular meeting during the month.
The Christmas Party will serve as our gathering
for December. Our next meeting will take place
in January, where Dr. Fred Pleijel of the Swedish
Museum of Natural History will be our guest
speaker. He will be presenting and discussing
recent results of his work on Phyllodocidae. His
visit is scheduled to coincide with sampling
efforts of several local groups, and he may have
some live worms for us to examine during the
meeting. As usual, come prepared with both
questions and specimens.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes .

November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 7

VISITING TAXONOMISTS

Over the next few months several visiting
taxonomists will be in the southern California
area to meet with various SCAMIT members and
use the collections at LACMNH. SCAMIT plans
to try to arrange our meetings around their
schedules to allow them to participate as guest
speakers,

November- Dr, Isao Hayashi will be visiting with
SCAMIT members Larry Lovell and Leslie
Harris and working on hesionids and paraonids.
Unfortunately, his arrival is after the November
meeting so Larry and Leslie will have to update
us on his work at a future meeting.

January- Dr. Fredrik Pleijel from the Swedish
Museum on Natural History in Stockholm will be
here. One of his aims during the visit is collection
of living hesionid and phyllodocid polychaetes
from our area. He will be updating members with
his recent work on Phyllodocidae.

February- Derek Ellis recently retired from the
Biology department at the University of Victoria
will be visiting southern Calif. The topic of
discussion will be taxonomic intercalibration.

NEW LITERATURE

Andrew Mackie's dissertation on the taxonomy
and phylogeny of spioniform polychaetes has
been published. A copy of the abstract has been
included with this newsletter. Several of the
papers included as part of his thesis also appear in
Elin Sigvaldaddttir’s thesis (they were co¬
authors) . Most of the papers have already been
published in other journals so several members
may have reprints.

Dr. Geoff Read recently posted on Annelida a
message from Dr. Wilfried Westheide regarding
the second revised edition of Gesa Hartmann-
Schroeder’s Annelida. Borstenwuermer,
Polychaeta in Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der
angrenzenden Meeresteile. It is now available

and includes a description of 558 species,
including the archiannelids. New information on
the ecology and biology of the German polychaete
fauna has been added, along with new and
improved illustrations. Because of the range
extensions of these polychaetes beyond
Germany's boundaries information concerning
Arctic, North Atlantic, and North Pacific regions
and other parts of the world has also been
included. The price of the book is $298 DM, It
may be ordered from:

Gustav Fischer Verlag

P.O.B. 100537

D-077705

Jena, Germany

fax: ++49-3641-626500

The publisher accepts American Express,
MasterCard/Eurocard, and Visa credit cards.

Comments on species recognition in the isopod
genus Synidotea were provided by Poore (1996).
He is at odds with Chapman and Carlton (1994),
finding their synonymies within the genus not in
accordance with his interpretations. They felt that
many previously described species from various
parts of the world were really one wide ranging
species introduced by man into much of the world
ocean. Poore disagrees, finding morphological
evidence of endemism and suggesting the removal
of several species from synonymy. He provides a
listing of the species in the genus worldwide at
the end of his paper.

A further shot in the ongoing war over the proper
cladistic analysis of the isopods has been fired by
Wilson (1996). The controversy began at the
First International Crustacea Conference in
Australia in 1990. At that event competing
phylogenies were proposed by Wagele and Sieg,
and by Brusca and Wilson (Brusca & Wilson,
1991) which diverged broadly in their basic
premises. The two sides have hotly debated the
main points (methodological approaches in
particular) in the intervening years (Haszprunar
1992; Lorenzen 1993; Lorenzen and Sieg 1991;
Meier and Whiting 1992; Pleijel et al 1992;

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November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

VoL 15, No. 7

Wagele 1994, 1995; Wagele and Stanjek 1995).

It is highly probable that neither side will ever
concede the field, so we can expect a continuation
of disagreement in future publications. Since the
issues raised are rather fundamental to cladistic
analysis, this debate is pertinent for all of us.

The most recent (November 1996) issue of the
Journal of Crustacean Biology had a number of
interesting articles, but only one dealt with
animals which occur in the SCAMIT coverage
area. Dumbauld et al (1996) reviewed the
biology of two local thalassinid shrimp,
Neotrypaea californiensis and Upogebia
pugettensis, providing much new data on growth,
reproduction, and general ecology.

A "new" older literature item has just come in as
well. Prudhoe (1985) gives a complete review
and revision of the polyclad flatworms - only a
year after the second paper by Faubel, who did
the same thing. The two treatments seem to be
entirely separate in that Prudhoe neither cites nor
appears aware of Faubel’s papers (1983 and
1984) which completely revised the Acotylea and
Cotylea, respectively. In consequence, we have a
nomenclatural problem on our hands. Our local
fauna, whose nomenclature in the SCAMIT list
now reflects the revisions of Faubel, must be
reexamined to determine the impact of Prudhoe’s
book. In a test case examined (Koinostylochus
burchami ) there was a definite difference between
the two authors.

Koinostylochus burchami following Faubel 1983;
Discosolenia burchami following Prudhoe 1985
(from Hyman 1953)

Don Cadien is reviewing the two revisions in an
attempt to determine the size of the problem. We
will have to meet again in 1997 to consider issues
of flatworm taxonomy related to these nearly
concurrent but non-overlapping treatments.

MINUTES FROM NOVEMBER 19 MEETING

Tony Phillips (CLAEMD) led the discussion of
the Cirratulidae chapter of volume 6 of the MMS
Taxonomic Atlas. Before the meeting Tony
spent some time at the NHMLAC examining the
type specimens described in this volume and
comparing them to our locally reported cirratulid
species. He also spent time staining the type
specimens in methyl green and noted several
differences not only between our local species
stain patterns and those illustrated in the atlas, but
also with the stain patterns he observed in the
types and those illustrated by Blake.

Tony passed around at the meeting color
illustrations of these stain patterns. Several
members present at the meeting are having color
xeroxes made of these patterns for their personal
use. If other members that work with cirratulids
would like a copy of these stain patterns it can be
provided by the SCAMIT secretary at cost.
Currently color xeroxing runs $.50 to $1.00 per
page. There are about 10-12 pages. Hopefiilly,
in the future with the aid of a computer and color
printer SCAMIT will be able to provide its
members color illustrations free.

The first group of cirratulids discussed belong to
the genus Chaetozone. Several new species are
described in the Atlas. Two of our common
Chaetozone , C, armata and C. corona , have
distinct enough characteristics with the placement
and number of neuropodial acicular spines that
stain patterns don’t need to be relied upon to help
differentiate these animals. However, our local
Chaetozone setosa has never been considered a
true C. setosa and has been suspected of being a
complex of several species. Tony, Rick Rowe
(CSDMWWD) and Larry Lovell (Private
Consultant) all compared their Chaetozone setosa

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November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

VoL 15, No. 7

stain patterns and found they had 3 different
patterns, one of which matches that described for
C. set os a. Chaetozone setosa has an intense stain
on the prostomium, peristomium, ventrum and
podial lobes with the dorsum remaining
unstained. The other two stain patterns seen by
Larry Lovell and Rick Rowe consist of a mostly
unstained pattern and another pattern where the
prostomium has a dark staining ring around the
middle. Tony believes that the unstained "setosa"
type animals may be C, commonalis, one of
Blake’s new species from the continental shelf of
central California. It is a very commonly
occurring species in the Santa Maria Basin,

Blake describes this species as having distinctly
shaped acicular spines posteriorly. The tip of the
spines are drawn out into a fine tip that curves
back on itself to adhere to the shaft, thereby
forming a simple hood. More comparisons need
to be made, but members may want to begin
staining their Chaetozone s (if not already doing
so) and trying to separate out the different
"setosa” types.

Chaetozone bansei is a new species described
from shallow water off San Francisco Bay in
sandy sediments. It is very distinct with a dorsal
ridge extending posteriorly from the prostomium
to setigers 4-7. The placement of the dorsal
tentacles is medially at the end of this ridge. This
species also has a very intense and distinct methyl
green stain pattern. C. bansei is closely related to
C. acuta , a shallow water species from Puget
Sound.

Chaetozone Columbiana , is another new shallow
water species from the Columbia River with a
distinct stain pattern where only the tip of the
prostomium is unstained anteriorly.

Two other new closely related species are C.
hedgpethi and C. senticosa . Both are described
from shallow water embayments and have
acicular spines first present from the middle of the
body. However, each has a distinct methyl green
stain pattern, different shaped prostomium and
pygidium, Tony noticed on examination of C.
senticosa a broad body with cinctures on the

posterior that were not complete, very much as
described and illustrated by Blake.

Blake’s new species Chaetozone lunula , described
from Half Moon Bay, is unusual in having
bidentate and unidentate acicular spines. On pg.
298 Blake explains his reason for placing this
species in the genus Chaetozone rather than
Caulleriella . Tony examined the type specimen
and was definitely able to see the bidentate spine
as illustrated in figure 8.1 ID on pg, 297.

Both Chaetozone gracilis and Chaetozone spinosa
have been reported by SCAMIT members in their
benthic monitoring programs in the past.
However, both these species occur in deep water
and it is unlikely that either of these species
would be encountered in regional monitoring
surveys. Chaetozone gracilis is known only from
its original record off Catalina Island in 4016 m.
Chaetozone spinosa is described as occurring off
northern California in lower slope depths greater
than 2600 m. While C. spinosa was dropped
from SCAMIT’s species list C. gracilis is still
listed, but will be deleted from the third edition.

Caulleriella gracilis Hartman 1961 (as
Chaetozone gracilis) has been given a new name
by Blake, Chaetozone hartmanae. Blake places
this species in the genus Chaetozone because
while the acicular spines are not unidentate they
are not truly bidentate either, as defined for
Caulleriella . The spines are curved with fine
serrations at their tip. The remarks on pg. 292
describe Blake’s reasoning in more depth. While
several members agree with this they also believe
that this species has enough distinct characters to
perhaps warrant a new genus in the future. For
the time being we will use the new name
Chaetozone hartmanae. It should be noted that
C. hartmanae is described from fine sand at a
depth of 542 - 914m, however SCAMIT members
report this species in fine to course sediments in
45 -110m. Tony remarked that he usually sees
these worms with a mucous tube attached, an
inflated thorax and an orange colored tint around
their parapodia.

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November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 7

The next group of cirratulids discussed was
Caulleriella. Our local Caulleriella hamata is
distinguished from other species by the start of
the neuropodial hooks from setiger 20-30, not
from the first. Our other commonly reported
Caulleriella species, C. alata is probably
Caulleriella paciflca . In the remarks section on
pg. 312 Blake discusses the differences between
these two closely related species. Tony has
reported this species from Marina del Rey in 6 -
12 m. He did notice that his animals had huge
eyes compared with those illustrated for C.
padfica ,

Caulleriella apicula is a new species described as
having notopodial hooks that do not appear until
setiger 80 or later. Also, it has a very pointed
prostomium and no capillaries accompany the
neuropodial hooks. It was found off the LA
Harbor Light in shale at 24 m. While no
SCAMIT member has reported any Caulleriella
matching this description it is a likely possibility
and members may want to keep their eyes open
for it.

Caulleriella cristata is a new species described
from central California in rocky intertidal
habitats, which we shouldn’t see locally in our
benthic surveys. This species has a distinct
elevated crest on its peristomium. Tony did
notice an inconsistency in the figure 8.16 B of C.
cristata . The dorsal tentacles are described in the
text as arising from the posterior margin of
setiger 1 and on the left side of the animal in the
figure the dorsal tentacle is positioned on setiger
2. The first bundle of setae on the left should
probably be deleted.

Caulleriella lajolla is another new species, which
is described from the intertidal at La Jolla, Ca. It
is distinct in having dorsal tentacles positioned at
setiger 2 instead of 1. It also has a methyl green
stain pattern with the tip of the prostomium and
podial lobes staining intensely. When Tony
stained the ho I o type he also observed dorsal
bands of stain beginning on setiger 4 thru setigers
12-15, which is not described by Blake.

We did not spend any time discussing Tharyx
species since no SCAMIT member has reported
any cirratulids with the unusual knob tipped
spines as described by Blake (1991) in So. Calif,
material.

Our local Monticellina dorsobranchialis, which
has an elongated prostomium and posterior
capillaries with distinct sawtooth edge, has been
described by Blake as a new species, Monticellina
cryptica . Blake compared California specimens
with M, dorsobranchialis specimens from the
U.S. Atlantic coast and noticed several
differences that led him to reassess his earlier
synonymy (19 91). M. cryptica d iffers from
Atlantic species by having fewer and more widely
spaced barbs on the cutting edge of its capillaries.
The distribution described by Blake is continental
shelf depths in 92-585 m. Tony and other
SCAMIT members have reported this species as
shallow as 30 m.

The cirratulid that we have been referring to as
Monticellina tesselata has also been described by
Blake as a new species Monticellina siblina. Our
local M. tesselata has a prostomium where the
dorsal posterior edge forms a distinct v-shaped
groove between the dorsal tentacles. This gives
the prostomium a wedge shape or lopsided
diamond shape. The denticulations of the
neuropodial capillaries are numerous and spaced
close together, like the teeth of a comb. This
species is not only a common polychaete in the
LA Harbor area as mentioned by Blake on pg.
328, but SCAMIT members report it at 30 m
offshore. Tony has reported it from 6 m in LA
Harbor and at 77 m in Santa Monica Bay. Also,
members report seeing this species with a
tesselated tube like that described for A/, tesselata
on pg. 329 and illustrated on pg, 330. While M.
tesselata is very similar to this species with
regards to the denticulations on the neuropodial
capillaries and the inflated posterior end, Blake
has expanded M . tesselata "s original description
to include a previously unreported diagnostic
character. A middorsal ridge that is similar to a
spionid caruncle is present from the posterior
margin of the peristomium between the dorsal

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November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 7

tentacle bases down to about setiger 12. Several
SCAMIT members have recently reported seeing
animals that have this distinct ridge, which was
probably overlooked during their original
examination. Many of these animals were
previously identified as M. tesselata . Based on
Tony’s recent observations smaller specimens
have a less distinct ridge and larger animals tend
to have branchiae wrapped around their bodies.
Tony has reported these animals from 60-81 m in
Santa Monica Bay and Larry Lovell has reported
them at 60 m off Orange County near the outfall.

Blake also has 3 new combinations Mondcellina
luticastella , Monticellina secunda , and
Monticellina serratiseta. These were all
transferred from the genera Tharyx and
Aphelochaeta based on the denticulations present
on their capillaries. It is unlikely that members
would encounter M. luticastella in benthic
surveys since it is known only from the San
Diego Trough at 1200 m. However, it has a
unique anterior end and is not likely to be
mistaken for another Monticellina species. It can
be easily distinguished from other species by its
short, thickened, and bluntly bilobed prostomium.
Also, the branchiae are limited to the first 9
setigers.

M. secunda and M. serratiseta while described
from Puget Sound may also occur in our area.
Tony may have a worm that fits the description
of M . serratiseta. This species has denticulated
capillaries with slightly different looking serrated
edges. The serration appears almost fibril like.
Refer to Blake’s illustration on pg. 326 figure
8.25 D.

The next group discussed was Aphelochaeta. The
only Aphelochaeta species on our SCAMIT list
that won’t change names is Aphelochaeta
monilaris. Its slender body with uncrowded
anterior segments and moniliform middle
segments is distinct enough for easy recognition.
Tony has examined material from Puget Sound
and observed much larger sized A. monilaris
compared with our own local animals.

Blake describes several new species of
Aphelochaeta in the Cirratulidae chapter. A.
elongata , which is described from shallow water
in Tomales Bay, has an elongated head region and
a non-expanded posterior end. Tony has not seen
any Aphelochaeta type worms fitting this
description. Our common Aphelochaeta sp. C fits
the description of Blake’s new species
Aphelochaeta glandaria , with its crowded anterior
segments and expanded thoracic region with its
glandular area that is creamy or light golden in
color. This species also has a non-descript methyl
green stain pattern, unlike most of the other
species of Aphelochaeta that we encounter
locally. On pg. 342 Blake remarks that local
specimens of A. phillipsi have been called by
SCAMIT Aphelochaeta sp. C. This is incorrect.
A. phillipsi is another new species of
Aphelochaeta from southern California. It has a
distinct methyl green stain pattern and the anterior
and posterior ends are more elongate with the
segments not as crowded. Tony stained the type
specimens of A. phillipsi and observed a different
pattern than that illustrated by Blake on pg. 342
figure 8.33 A.

Aphelochaeta multifilis, which is described from
the intertidal in San Diego, seems to be a sort of
generic Aphelochaeta with nothing distinct about
it and no stain pattern. Tony doesn’t think he has
seen any material that matches up with the
description.

The description of Blake’s new species A.
petersenae does match one of our local types.
SCAMIT members had been referring to this
species as A. multifilis Type II of Blake from a
previous meeting where Dr. Blake was the guest
speaker. At that meeting in June of 1993 Blake
described the unusual methyl green stain pattern
of this species. Its prostomium stains intensely
except for a clear ocular area that resembles a
pair of goggles or mask. There is no stain pattern
on the dorsum posterior to the tentacles, but the
anterior ventrum has transverse bands of stain.

Another new species of Blake’s that has a distinct
stain pattern is A. tigrina. It has bands of stain oil

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November, 1996

SCAM1T Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 7

the ventrum of the thorax and encircling the
posterior end. The prostomium and peristomium
are unstained. Also, stain spots in the middle of
each segment start about setiger 20 and continue
posteriorly on the ventrum. SCAMIT has
referred to this species as Aphelochaeta sp. 1.
Unfortunately, the posterior ends of these animals
needs to be present to confirm the identity since
the anterior stain pattern resembles that of other
species.

The last of Blake’s new Aphelochaeta species A .
williamsae most likely occurs locally, but neither
Tony nor any other SCAMIT member has yet to
see anything that matches this description. It has
a distinct stain pattern consisting of tight banding
across ventral thoracic segments and a very
squared peristomium with a small triangular
prostomium. Now that we all know what to look
for, perhaps, this too, will shortly be added to our
SCAMIT species list.

We continued the meeting after lunch by
discussing the genera of multitentaculate
cirratulids. Cirratulus species are not very
common in our benthic samples. Our common
Cirratulus cirratus is not listed in Blake’s key.
Tony compared our local animal to the key and
came up with C. spectabilis. However, members
should probably hold off using the name until
more comparisons can be made.

The only other Cirratulus species that we
encounter locally is C. multioculatus . This
species was originally in the genus Chaetozone ,
but Blake has transferred it to Cirratulus because
of the presence of multitentacular filaments on
setiger 1.

Besides Cirriformia spirabrancha , which is one of
our common local species, Blake describes a new
Cirriformia species in the Atlas. Both Tony and
Rick Rowe have several specimens that fit the
distribution of this new species C. moorei , but not
the description. In Tony’s specimens the
tentacular filaments arise from setiger 2, rather
than setiger 5 as described for C. spirabrancha ,
and the neuroacicular spines start at setiger 10

instead of setiger 40-45. Also, Tony has
observed a methyl green stain pattern in his
specimens. They have a bands of stain from the
1st setiger to the 70th continuing around from the
dorsum to the ventrum. These provisional species
seem to better fit the description of C.
tentaculata, however, they can not be compared
against the type specimens since they are missing.

The genus Protocirrineris was resurrected and
redefined by Petersen (1991). The main
diagnostic feature of the genus is the presence of
tentacular filaments in groups or patches
following setiger 1. In the Atlas, Blake describes
a new species from material collected from the
rocky intertidal of central California and the
entrance of San Francisco Bay. This new species
Protocirrineris socialis has tentacular filaments
arranged in two groups from setigers 7-9, with
the tentacles arising on setigers 5-7 on smaller
specimens. The placement of the tentacular
filaments is farther back than our two SCAMIT
provisional species. [Refer to voucher sheets
from newsletter vol. 14(1), especially the
"remarks" section.] The filament patches are on
setigers 3- 4 in Protocirrineris sp. A and setigers
4-6 on Protocirrineris sp. B. P. sp. A occurs at
77-84 m in Santa Monica Bay and P. sp. B occurs
at 60 m. So far Tony only has a few local
specimens available and until more comparisons
can be made we will not be using Blake’s new
name.

In the Cirratulidae chapter Blake redescribes the
holotype of Cirratulus luxuriosa from San Diego,
which was later referred to Cirriformia by
Hartman (1959). Blake places this species in the
genus Timarete. This genus is similar to
Protocirrineris with tentacular filaments arranged
in groups posterior to setiger 1, but species of the
genus Timarete also have posterior acicular
spines, in addition to capillary setae. The other
two species described in the Atlas, T.
perbranchiata and T. sp. A , are also intertidal
species. T. perbranchiata is from northern and
central California and T. sp . A is from La Jolla.

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November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 7

The last genus discussed in the chapter is
Dodecaceria. There are two species described in
the Atlas, D. concharum , whose name has been
recently contested with electronic interchange thru
the newsgroup Annelida , and D. fewkesi. They
are easily distinguished from each other by their
habitat structures and the shape of their anterior
ends. D. concharum has elongated anterior
segments and bores into shells and calcareous
structures whereas, D. fewkesi has crowded,
shorter anterior segments and constucts a rock¬
like structure around its tubes. D. concharum is
the only species reported by SCAMIT.

To conclude the meeting Tony had a few general
remarks to make about the Cirratulidae chapter of
the Atlas and the study of cirratulids in general.
Overall Blake’s key, descriptions and illustrations
should be very useful to SCAMIT members.
Cirratulids as a group contain a great deal of
variability with regards to size and methyl green
stain patterns. Tony believes that the preservation
techniques used during collection may have some
effect on not only the condition of the animals,
but also the general body forms and prostomial
shapes. Members need to keep in mind that the
relative sizes of the species described in the
chapter may not reflect the sizes of the material
encountered in southern California. Also, the
term moderate-sized species is not used
consistently throughout the chapter. The term is
used to refer to both specimens 8 mm long and
0.6 mm wide and 55 mm long and 2,5 mm wide.

A CORRECTION

In the last issue of the Newsletter I reported that
Synchelidium millsi was being taken in San
Francisco Bay. This proved to be in error. The
status of the oedicerotid fauna of the Bay is
currently being examined by the local monitoring
staffs, but they have yet to fully apply the
Bousfield and Chevrier paper discussed in the last
issue. I apologize for a premature report. -Ed.

ADULT Philine auriformis DYING

During the November trawl series off Palos
Verdes, we found the big Philine auriformis are
dying out. The number of large specimens has
been reduced by at least one to two orders of
magnitude. Over the past few surveys empty
shells and loose gizzard plates of P. auriformis
have been increasingly common in the trawls. It
appears that the first generation of invaders that
took the southern California Bight by storm
starting in late 1994 is dying of old age.
Continued examination of fish taken in the same
trawl catches as the snails have failed to find any
significant predation on them by any species of
fish. None of the big invertebrate predators
(notably Pleurobranchaea californica) have had
any indication of consumption of the larger P.
auriformis upon palpation.

The size frequency shift in the snail population is
very apparent; nearly all the animals taken are
now small subadults. In the absence of evidence
for predation on die animals their death can only
be a result of starvation, disease, or senescence.
The first two are highly unlikely since all the
adults taken in the trawling have been robust and
active (except a few damaged by the nets or
skewered by urchin spines). If the assumption of
death through senescence is correct, it appears
that the life span of the species in our waters is
about two years.

Is the invasion over? Not just yet. Although the
adult population is in severe decline, the juvenile
population is well entrenched. Few are retained
in the meshes of the trawl nets, but a dense
population is evident in benthic samples from the
same area as the trawls. In August benthic
samples the species was found nearly everywhere
on the shelf and upper slope off Palos Verdes,
with density in some areas reaching 60/m 2 .
Animal size differences suggest that at least three
cohorts of P. auriformis are present in the area,
and very tiny animals continue to appear.

A tiny specimen from 30m in the Gulf of the
Farallons was recently examined (courtesy of

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November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 7

Kathy Langan - CSDMWWD) which
demonstrates that even in northern California the
species occurs off-shore as well as in bays.

NEW SPHAEROMATID ISOPOD

While reexamining old collections for additional p
males of Discerceis granulosa I came across
another species of Paracerceis from our area.

The specimens, including a mature male and
females, were taken intertidally at La Jolla from
washes of surf-grass rhizomes in 1979. They had
been identified as P. sculpta at that time. When
the mature male was reexamined it obviously
differed from P. sculpta in detail of the urosome.
Initially it was differentiated by the broadened
base of the uropodal exopods. P. sculpta has
exopods which are slightly broadened basally,
then are much the same width for most of their
length, tapering only terminally. The present
species has exopods which are wider basally than
the endopod, and taper rapidly to a terminus
which is less than half the terminal width of the
endopod. Further examination showed other
differences in the including:

1. The terminal sinus had only two pair of
teeth, the interior pair being long, flat on the side
facing the sinus, and ending in sharp conical
points. The smaller outer pair was nearly at the
end of the pleotelson, and gave the pleotelson
lobes a notched appearance.

2. The anteriodorsal margin of the uropodal
exopod was finely dentate,

3. The dorsal ornament on the pleotelson
was not a blunt mound at the end of the sinus, but
was rather a tall acute spine.

4. The sinus broadened out basally into a
round foramen overhung by a seta-bearded knob
which bore the above acute spine on it’s dorsal
surface,

5. Ventrally the pleotelson had two vesicles
on either side of the median sinus. These were
not open either to the top or bottom of the
pleotelson, but were clearly thin-walled hollow
bubbles within the pleotelson.

A little searching turned up a reference to an
undescribed species of the genus in Brusca
(1980). He illustrated both the male and female
of what he called Paracerceis sp . Based on shape
of the sinus in the male and Brusca’s brief
description, this is the same animal. His
specimens were from either Ista San Esteban or
Isla San Pedro in the central Gulf of California.
My La Jolla specimens enlarge the range.

For once females of the species are as easy to
differentiate from congeners as are males. They
can be separated on the basis of sharp teeth on the
posterior medial margin of the uropodal exopods.
Even small females have these teeth, which
become larger and more distinct with age. Only
one a male and a series of juvenile and adult
females were present in the La Jolla collection.
Since even Discerceis appears to have male
polymorphism, it is likely that all Paracerceis
will, like P. sculpta, prove to have several male
morphs as well. More material is needed before
the polymorphism question can be answered. A
voucher sheet is in preparation. - Don Cadien

FIELD ID OF Parapagurodes

With the description of a new species of
Parapagurodes from the Southern California
Bight (McLaughlin and Jensen 1996) it is time for
a field key to identify these animals while alive.

Pattern on third legs in live a.) P. makarovi ,
b.) P, laurentae , and c.) P. hartae

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November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 7

Species in this genus tend to live in carcinoecia
which only cover their abdomens. Their legs are
fully exposed at all times, and the species can
easily be separated when live by leg color pattern.
A hand lens may be necessary for the smallest
individuals, but large ones can be identified with
the naked eye.

Key to identification of live Parapagurodes

1. Carpi of walking legs with crimson bands

separated by a clear area of the same width at
midlength on the segment. P. laurentae

Meri and carpi of walking legs striped in
crimson, with or without violet patches.2

2. Meri and carpi of walking legs with 4-5

thin longitudinal crimson stripes. P. makarovi

Meri and carpi of walking legs with two
thin crimson stripes flanking a central violet patch
on mesial and lateral faces. P. hartae

A laboratory key to preserved specimens is
provided by McLaughlin and Jensen, The key by
Haig does not include the new species, but can be
modified to incorporate it as follows:

16. Dorsal surface of palm of right chela
unarmed proximally: scattered spinules or
spinulose tubercles distally and on fixed finger

. Parapagurodes makarovi

McLaughlin & Haig 1973

Dorsal surface of palm of right chela armed
proximally with one or more rows of widely
spaced strong spines, these not extending onto
fixed finger.16A

16A. Dactyls of right and left chelae with row of

spines in dorsal midline. P. hartae

McLaughlin & Jensen 1996

Dactyls of right and left chelae without row

of spines in dorsal mid line. P. laurentae

McLaughlin & Haig 1973

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BLAKE, JAMES A. 1991. Revision of some genera and species of Cirratulidae (Polychaeta) from the
western North Atlantic, Ophelia (Supplement 5): 17-30,

BLAKE, JAMES A. 1996. Family Cirratulidae Ryckholdt, 1851. Pp.263-384. Chapter 8 IN: Blake,
James A., Brigitte Hilbig, and Paul H. Scott (eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of
the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6- The Annelida Part 3.
Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. 377pp. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History:
Santa Barbara, Ca.

BRUSCA, RICHARD C. 1980. Common intertidal invertebrates of the Gulf of California (2nd ed.).
University of Arizona Press: Tucson, Arizona. 513pp.

BRUSCA, RICHARD C., and George D. F. Wilson. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Isopoda
with some classificatory recommendations. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 31:143-204.

CHAPMAN, JOHN W,, and James T, Carlton. 1994. Predicted discoveries of the introduced isopod
Svnidotea laevidorsalis (Miers, 1881). Journal of Crustacean Biology 14(4):700-714.

DUMBAULD, BRETT R., David A. Armstrong, and Kristine L. Feldman. 1996. Life-history
characteristics of two sympatric thalassinidean shrimps, Neotrvpaea californiensis and
Upogebia pugettensis . with implications for oyster culture. Journal of Crustacean Biology
16(4):689-708.

FAUBEL, ANNO. 1983. The Polycladida, Turbellaria proposal and establishment of a new system
Part I. The Acotylea. Mittheilungen der Hamburgishes Zoologisches Museum und Institut
80:17-121.

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November, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 7

—. 1984. The Polycladida, TUrbellaria proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The

Cotylea. Mittheilungen der Hamburgisches Zoologisches Museum und Institut 81:189-259.

HARTMAN, OLGA, 1959. Catalogue of the Polychaetous Annelids of the World. Allan Hancock
Foundation Occasional Papers 23:1-628.

HARTMANN-SCHRODER, GESA. 1996. Annelida. Borstenwiirmer, Polychaeta IN: Die Tierwelt
Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile [2nd edition]. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Jena,
Germany.

HASZPRUNAR, GERHARD. 1992. How reliable are computer parsimony programs for systematics.
Zeitschrift Fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 30(3):244-248.

HYMAN, LIBBIE HENRIETTA. 1953. The polyclad flatworms of the Pacific Coast of North
America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 100(2):269-391.

LORENZEN, S. 1993. The role of parsimony, outgroup analysis, and theory of evolution in

phylogenetic systematics. Zeitschrift Fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung
31(1): 1-20.

LORENZEN, S,, and Jurgen Sieg. 1991. Phylip, Paup, and Hennig-86 - how reliable are computer
parsimony programs used in systematics. Zeitschrift Fur Zoologische Systematik und
Evolutionsforschung 29(5-6) :466-472.

MACKIE, ANDREW S Y. 1996. Taxonomy and phylogeny of spioniform polychaetes (Annelida).

Ph.D dissertation: Goteborg University: Goteborg, Sweden. 41pp [+25, 12, 12, 17, 7, 32, and
18pp],

MCLAUGHLIN, PATSY A., and Janet Haig. 1973, On the status of Pagurus mertensii Brandt, with
descriptions of a new genus and two new species from California (Crustacea: Decapoda:
Paguridae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 72(3): 113-136.

MCLAUGHLIN, PATSY A., and Gregory C. Jensen, 1996. A new species of hermit crab of the genus
Parapagurodes (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from the Eastern Pacific, with a description
of its first zoeal stage. Journal of Natural History 30(6):841-854.

MEIER, R., and M. F. Whiting. 1992. HENNIG86 and PAUP are reliable - reply. Zeitschrift Fur
Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 30(3):239-243.

PETERSON, MARY E. 1991. A review of asexual reproduction in the Cirratulidae (Annelida:

Polychaeta), with redescription of Cirratulus gavheadius (Hartman 1965), new combination,
and emendation or reinstatement of some cirratulid genera. Bulletin of Marine Science
48(2):592 (abstract).

PLEIJEL, FREDERICK, Per Sundberg, and L. Werdelin. 1992. The reliability of computer parsimony
programs - comment. Zeitschrift Fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung
30(3): 234-238.

POORE, GARY C. B. 1996. Species differentiation in Svnidotea (Isopoda: Idoteidae) and recognition
of introduced marine species: A reply to Chapman and Carlton. Journal of Crustacean Biology
16(2): 384-394.

PRUDHOE, STEPHEN. 1985. A monograph on Polyclad Turbellaria. British Museum (Natural
History)/Oxford University Press: Oxford, England. 259pp.

WAGELE, JOHANN WOLFGANG. 1994. Review of methodological problems of 'Computer

Cladistics’ exemplified with a case study on isopod phylogeny (Crustacea, Isopoda). Zeitschrift
Fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 32(2):81-107.

—. 1995. On the information content of characters in comparative morphology and molecular
systematics (Review). Zeitschrift Fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung
33(l);42-47.

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Vol. 15, No. 7

WAGELE, JOHANN WOLFGANG, and G. Stanjek. 1995. Arthropod phylogeny inferred from partial
12SrRNA revisited: monophyly of the Tracheata depends on sequence alignment. Zeitschrift
Fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 33:75-80.

WILSON, GEORGE D. F. 1996. Of uropods and isopod crustacean trees: a comparison of
"groundpattern 1 ' and cladistic methods. Vie et Milieu 46(6): 139-153.

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

e-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President Don Cadien (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom. com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5544 cam@san. ci. la. ca .us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1-4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5 - 7 (compilation).$ 15.00

Volumes 8-14 .$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

12

Goteborg University
Faculty of Natural Sciences

Dissertation

TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY

OF

SPIONIFORM POLYCHAETES
(ANNELIDA)

Andrew S.Y. Mackie

Department of Zoology
Goteborg University
Medicinaregatan 18
S-413 PO Goteborg
Sweden

National Museum of Wales
Cathays Park
Cardiff CF1 3NP
Wales, UX

Avhandling f5r filosofie doktorsexamen i zoologi vid Goteborgs Universitet
(examinator professor Theo van Veen), som enligt den biologiska sektions-
styrelsens beslut kommer att forsvaras offentligt kl 10:00 mlndag den 3 juni 1996 i
Zoologi ska Institutionens forelasningssab

Macltie, Andrew S. Y. 1996. Taxonomy and phytogeny of spioniform poiychaetes
(Annelida).

Department of Zoology, Goteborg University r Medicinaregatan 18, 5-413 90
Goteborg, Sweden ,

Abstract: The systematic relationships of some spioniform poiychaetes are
investigated through descriptions of new species, redescriptions and reassessments
of established species, and clad is tic parsimony analyses.

Trochochaeta diverapoda, from the Philippines, is redescribed from the
syntypes and newly collected specimens fom Hong Kong. The species is redelineated
and T. oiissae considered a possible junior synonym.

Three new species of Poecilochaerus are described from Hong Kong and a
standardized terminology presented for poeciiochaetid setae. Relationships within
the genus are difficult to evaluate because of the incompleteness of about half the
known taxa. Elicodasia is newly synonymized with Poecilochaetus .

Within the Spionidae, about 25% of the known species belong to the
Prionospio -complex of genera. The identities and zoogeographical distributions of
seven species of Prionospio Malmgren (including the type species, P. steenstmpi)
are reassessed; most having been variously misinterpreted and synonymised in the
literature. Prionospio multibranchiatn and P. fallax are recognised as valid, and are
respectively removed from synonymy with P. cirrifera and P, steenstrupi, Prionospio
malmgreni is regarded as indeterminable, while P . mahngreni var. dubia Day is
newly designated P. dubia Maciolek. Prionospio eblersi is redescribed and a closely
related new species ( P. saccifera ) described from Hong Kong and the Red Sea,

A new genus and species of spionid, Atherospio disticha , is described from
Scottish waters. The distinctive form of the neurosetal hooded hooks suggest a close
relationship with Polydora guillei and Pygospiopsis.

The systematic position of the Aberrantidae is re-examined. Previously
thought to be close to the Spionidae or Paraonidae, a revision of the only genus
(Aberranta) instead suggests affinities with the Eunicida and the 'archiannelid'
family Neriliidae. A new species is described from the Mediterranean and the
generic diagnosis emended.

The phylogenetic relationships of spionid genera are estimated from
parsimony analyses of morphological characters, with the Trochochaetidae,
Poecilochaetidae and Uncispionidae as outgroups. Initial analyses including all
known variation proved inconclusive due to high levels intrageneric polymorphism.
Further analyses restricted to the type species of 26 genera indicated a possible
division of the family into four groups. A revised analysis involving all 32 currently
recognised genera, and including a number of species of questionable generic
allocation, revealed five main groups. The cladistic results are discussed in relation
to the present state of spionid taxonomy and to earlier literature classifications
within the family.

Key words: Polychaeca, Spionidae, Trochochaetidae, Poecilochaetidae, Aberrantidae,
taxonomy, phytogeny, parsimony analysis.

ISBN 91-628-2087-7

December, 1996 SCAMIT Newsletter Voi. 15 , No.8

NEXT MEETING:

Application of the Computer Taxonomy Program
Linnaeus to Polychaeta

GUEST SPEAKER:

Dr. Pleijel, Swedish Museum of Natural History

DATE:

Tuesday, January 14, 1997

TIME:

9:30am - 3:30pm

LOCATION:

Worm Lab, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles

JANUARY 14 MEETING

Dr. Fredrik Pleijel of the Swedish Museum of
Natural History will be the guest speaker. He
will be discussing the computer taxonomy
program Linnaeus and his experiences in its
application to polychaetes. Also, he is planning
on field sampling with several local groups while
he is in our area before the meeting. He is
hoping to collect live polychaetes and may have
some at the meeting for examination.

Pterocirnis nidarosiensis ->

(from Pleijel 1993)

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes.

December, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 8

CHRISTMAS PARTY

SCAMIT held its annual Christmas Party on
Saturday, December 7th at the Cabrillo Marine
Aquarium. It was very well attended and
everyone, especially the children had a great
time. Of course, the food was superb. All the
cooks outdid themselves. We even had a new
polychaete species, Phyllodoce xmasi , illustrated
on one of Leslie Harris' famous cakes. It had a
very unusual red and green pigment pattern.

Much to the children's delight (and the grown up
children too) Santa John was able to attend
complete with his bag of goodies. Many of us
worked up an appetite Christmas shopping at the
aquarium gift shop. We are grateful they stayed
open late for us. The only thing missing was half
of the SCAMIT orchestra. However, Ann
Dalkey and Larry Lovell did their best to inspire
us in song, and we thank them for their efforts,
but most of us seem to have lost our voices for
some reason. (Probably too much good food in
our tummies.) For those of you who weren’t able
to attend we hope you can make it next year. We
send a great big thank you to Cabrillo Marine
Aquarium for the use of its facility. Being able to
view the aquaria and the displays in a less
crowded atmosphere is always a highlight.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING

On December 20th the four SCAMIT officers met
at the County Sanitation District for an executive
committee meeting. It being the end of the year
seemed an appropriate time to discuss the future
of SCAMIT. Several topics were discussed:

1) Meetings - (day-of- the-week, location, and
frequency)

The subject was brought up to see if monthly
meetings are still appropriate for SCAMIT’s
activities. The officers felt that they are, but if no
guest speaker is available SCAMIT may skip a
meeting. As for the day-of-the-week it was
decided that the second Monday of the month was

still fine with rescheduling appropriate for various
holidays. SCAMIT will still try to schedule
meetings in various locations to allow more
members to attend meetings. However, the
Natural History Museum is a good location due to
the availability of the collections there. We will
try to have at least one meeting in Santa Barbara
and one meeting at Cabrillo Marine Aquarium
this coming year.

2) SCAMIT Species List-

The officers decided to wait until February 1998
to produce a third edition. The reason being that
the MMS Atlas volumes should all be out by then
and we would be able to incorporate all the
changes/additions produced by these last volumes
into the list. Since this edition will also include
synonymies the extra time will help with this
process.

3) Reimbursement of expenses for guest speakers-

The officers decided that guidelines need to be
written for SCAMIT to follow with regards to
“per diem allowances” for out-of-the-area guest
speakers. These will include a set dollar amount
per day which speakers may use to cover
expenses (travel, hotel, meals, etc.) however they
choose. The guidelines will also state who will be
eligible for these “allowances”. These will be
published in an upcoming newsletter.

4) Life Memberships-

SCAMIT at this time does not have a life
membership that may be purchased. This is held
as a honorarium. So far SCAMIT has only
awarded this to Dr. J. Barnard.

5) Southern California Academy of Science
Meeting-

Next years (1997) meeting will be held May 2-3
at Fullerton College. SCAMIT officers are
planning on setting up a display table with
information, brochures, mugs, etc. at the

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December, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 8

meeting. Volunteers for manning the table will
be solicited at a future meeting. For the 1998
SCAS meeting SCAMIT will try to arrange a
symposium on a pertinent topic, like the SCBPP.

6 ) Copyright laws -

With the advent of more stringent copyright laws
SCAMIT has become sensitive to the use of
published illustrations in its newsletter. The
officers will be investigating this issue as soon as
possible so as to not cause any violations.

7) Electronic newsletter and website-

Most of the executive meeting was spent
discussing this topic. SCCWRP has made
SCAMIT a very generous offer of a website thru
their agency. This would include the setup and
weekly maintenance by a SCCWRP employee, all
at no cost to SCAMIT. The advantages and
disadvantages of an electronic newsletter and a
website were discussed by the officers and a
recommendation will be made by them to the
membership in the very near future. Officers still
need to meet with SCCWRP to discuss in depth
the details.

MMS TAXONOMIC ATLAS

A recent conversation with Paul Scott (Santa
Barbara Museum of Natural History), editor of
the Atlas, provided an update on the status of the
remaining volumes. Six of the 14 volumes are
yet to appear including the cnidarian volume
(Vol. 3); the final volume of Polychaeta (Vol. 7);
a mollusk volume dealing with bivalves,
scaphopods, chitons, aplacophores, and
cephalopods (Vol. 8); an arthropod volume
covering decapods, pycnogonids, and mysids
(Vol. 10); a second arthropod volume covering
isopods, tanaids, and cumaceans (Vol. 11); and
the final volume of the series which will contain
echinoderms, urochordates, enteropneusts,
echiuroids etc. (Vol. 14).

The last of these will be the next to appear. It
was being printed in early December, and should
be in the hands of subscribers prior to this
newsletter. It should be followed by Vol. 11,
which currently has an expected release date of
late January 1997. Volume 3 may appear in
February 1997, with the release dates of the
remaining three volumes still uncertain.

AMPHIPACIFICA PUBLICATION

An announcement from Dr. E. L. Bousfield
included in recent correspondence indicated the
journal Amphipacifica will adopt a looser
publication schedule. Since Dr, Bousfield is sole
or co-author of nearly all of the journal’s
contributions, as well as it’s editor, dropping
scheduled quarterly publication is a necessity.
Subscribers will have their annual subscriptions
stretched to follow the expanded schedule. Thus
subscriptions are now per volume of four issues,
rather than per annum. I, for one, still eagerly
await the next issue - whenever it may arrive.

- Don Cadien

SCAMIT TAXONOMIC LIST ED. 3

We will be working on Edition 3 of the SCAMIT
Taxonomic Listing of Benthic Invertebrates in
1997. It is time for members (or other interested
parties) to submit corrections, additions, etc. for
inclusion in the new edition. Many errors have
already been detected and corrected, and many
changes made in response to literature received in
the past year. The new edition will also begin the
process of including synonymies with the primary
entries. Addition and documentation of
synonymies is a long-term project, and will
greatly benefit from wide participation. We
anticipate a release of Edition 3, including
synonymies, in early 1998.

NEW LITERATURE

The Eastern Pacific species of the sea-fan genus
Muricea were reviewed by Hardee and Wicksten
(1996) in the most recent issue of the Bulletin of

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December, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 8

the Southern California Academy of Sciences.
They based their review of the genus locally on a
combination of field experience, freshly collected
specimens observed in situ, and the types (where
they could be located). One of the main items of
interest for local field-id of these species is that
M. califomica can have polyps of either yellow-
orange or white color. The field distinction
between M. californica and M. fruticosa based on
polyp color is not accurate, and must be dropped.
Photographs of colony morphology are provided,
as is a table summarizing the distinctions between
the three valid species from our area.

As mentioned above Volume 14 of the
Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the
Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara
Channel has been released. It contains sections
on the Brachiopoda, the Sipuncula, the Eehiura,
the Echinodermata (Classes Crinoidea,

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and
Holothuroidea), the Enteropneusta, and the
Urochordata. Several taxonomic innovations are
presented, and we will need to hold at least one
meeting (if not more) to consider the impact of
the volume on SCAMIT usage. SCAMIT is
represented by a number of present or past
members including Dr. Mary Bergen, Dr.
Gretchen Lambert, Dr. Gordon Hendlcr, Dr. Eric
Hochberg, and Dr. Andy Lissner. As befits a
volume with a number of different contributors,
the coverage is a bit uneven, and only one of the
chapters is a comprehensive view of the regional
fauna. When you see this volume, it may look a
bit familiar - the cover illustration is the same as
on Volume 1; bringing us, I assume, full circle
from the beginning to the end of the series.

Several of the individual chapters have been done
for some time, often years, so the most recent
taxonomic publications may not be included.

This was the case, for instance, with the
Sipuncula. The recent comprehensive review of
the phylum by Cutler (1994) became available
after the completion of the chapter.

REQUEST FOR SPECIMENS

In a recent letter to SCAMIT Dr. Mary Wicksten
indicated she is forging ahead on description of
one of the remaining undescribed pagurids from
our coast, Pagurus sp. 2. This has been known
by this name since the original keys produced by
Dr. Janet Haig and Mary to preserved and living
pagurids of our waters under the auspices of the
SCCWRP Taxonomic Standardization Program.
The species has recently been illustrated with a
good color photograph in Jensen (1995 pg 67).
Mary describes it as having "a peculiarly shaped,
operculum-like major chela, often colored white
and contrasting with the red-specked body/'
Specimens can be sent to her at:

Department of Biology
Texas A & M University,

College Station, Texas
77843-3258

You can reach her by telephone - 409)845-3388,
by FAX at 409) 862-1977 or by e-mail at
W icksten@bio. tamu. edu

NOMENCL ATURAL NICETIES

Tim Stebbins (CSDMWWD) recently sent me a
copy of an E-mail exchange he had with Les
Watling (Uni. Maine) concerning the ending of
our local cumacean Hemilamprops califomicus.
Since I have been working on the new edition of
the SCAMIT list I found their exchange most
interesting. Tim had found both Watling T s
upcoming MMS Taxonomic Atlas section and the
World List of Cumaceans he maintains on the
World Wide Web had a different ending for the
species than Ed. 2 of the SCAMIT list. He
inquired of Les for clarification, and received the
succinct answer H. califomicus is right. Never
one for succinct explanations (or succinct
anything for that matter)! decided to examine the
question myself.

4

December, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 8

Zimmer (1936) originally described this as
Hemilamprops (?) californica, but that doesn’t
make his ending necessarily correct. The generic
name Hemilamprops is a modification of
Lamprops, which I believe is a compound of the
Greek Lampros and Ops - "Shining eye" (or
"Bright eyed 1 ’ to Stebbing 1893 p. 308).
According to Brown (1956, pg. 313) ops and
opos are feminine forms and ophthalmos the male
form of "eye" in Greek. Consequently, since the
gender of the compound name is determined by
it’s ending, the generic name is feminine, and the
specific epithet should end in -a. This has indeed
been the practice in the genus Lamprops , where
most species have been described as ending in -a.
Cyclops , on the other hand, is not derived directly
from eye, but from the name of the a one-eyed
giant. It is masculine, as befits the name of a
male character, and in consequence specific
epithets associated with compound genera such as
Hemicyclops should properly adopt the masculine
ending -us (thus Hemicyclops thysanotus).

I was quite happy with the above explanation,
since I thought I had discovered Les in an error
(and vindicated existing SCAMIT usage). I also
contacted George Davis (Crustacea, Natural
History Museum of Los Angeles County) and
asked him to check the current ne plus ultra of
cumacean nomenclature, the Crustaceorum
Catalogus.

In the Crustaceorum Catalogus section on
Cumacea Baces£u (1988 pp. 13-14) indicates the
gender of Lamprops as masculine without giving
the basis of such statement. Any compound
name based on Lamprops ( Hemilamprops ,
Paralamprops , etc.) would thus also be
masculine. If Sars stipulated the gender in his
1863 establishment of Lamprops, then it would
stand regardless of my etymological exegesis. If
he did not, then the etymology would prevail, and
the ending would properly be feminine, or so I
thought. My house of cards promptly collapsed
when I decided to check the ICZN code
provisions on stipulation of gender by authors,
and instead found Article 30{a)ii. This gem,

which I had previously overlooked, reads as
follows...

"A genus-group name ending in -ops
is to be treated as masculine, regardless of its
derivation or of its treatment by its author,"

What had been an interesting question of the
etymology of a name, and its treatment by Sars
nearly 150 years ago now became the drab (if
final) imposition of authority by ICZN. There
must have been a number of cases where this
ending lead to nomenclatural wrangling for the
Commission to single it out for separate
treatment. All is not lost, however, since the
effort provides a basis for all of us to learn why
our current usage is incorrect, not just that our
current usage is incorrect. If we are ever to stop
see-sawing back and forth on these questions we
need to understand the whys of proper usage.

Case in point is the correct spelling of the
ophiuroid Amphiura arcystata Clark 1911.

This has gone back and forth from A, arcystata to
A. acrystata over the years, following the latest
publication with no understanding of the rationale
for either choice. In Ed. 2 of the SCAMIT listing
I thought we had finally gotten it correct by
rejecting Maluf’s use of A. arcystata (Maluf
1988, pg. 133). She indicated in a footnote that
Downey (1969) maintained Clark’s original
spelling was correct [so if we go back to Clark
and look, we will find the correct usage 1], Clark
(1911 pg. 145) used Amphiura acrystata at the top
of his original description. Just to double check, a
look at usage in the Table of Contents, and List of
Illustrations also yielded A . acrystata in each
case. No typos here, and it’s hard to argue with
an original description. So in Ed. 2 we adopted
what was believed to be the correct usage (at
last!) of A . acrystata . The recent arrival of
Gordon Hendler’s ophiuroid section of the MMS
Taxonomic Atlas (Vol. 14, Chapter 7) has again
stirred the pot. He indicates (Hendler 1996, pg.
145) the correct spelling as Amphiura arcystata.

In his synonymy he lists Clark’s original usage of
acrystata as a lapsus for arcystata. How can this
be? The answer lies in Clark’s etymological

5

December, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 8

footnote, where he indicates the meaning of the
specific epithet is fl surrounded with nets , in
reference to the appearance of the radial shields”.

Dorsal views of A. arcystata from Clark 1911

Referring to our etymological sourcebook (Brown
1956, pg. 556) we find net in Greek is arkys-yos ,
feminine. It appears that the lapsus resides in
Clark’s having mixed up the spelling of die Greek
stem during formulation of the name. What
tangled arkys we taxonomists weave!

The above explanation is intended to provide a
paper trail for the why of the correct usage, so
that we can stop oscillating back and forth in at
least this case. If some of the proposed
modifications of the Code of Zoological
Nomenclature are enacted in the new Code, we
may be able to dispense with much of this
nomenclatural uncertainty. It has been proposed
that the original name given by the author of a
taxon in the original description be conserved
regardless of etymological correctness, regardless
of gender match, regardless of later transfer to a
genus of differing gender,., regardless of nearly
anything! How simple it might be. Once
established, a name remains immutable. WOW!
What a concept! Still, the above sort of sleuthing

can be entertaining for taxonomists and list
makers with nothing better to do, or those like
myself who abhor the succinct. - ed.

UNDERSTANDING APPEARANCES

“A blot in thy scutechon to all futurity "

-,Don Quixote
u a stain on one's escutcheonidiom

In the last newsletter the holotvoe specimen of
Aphelochaeta phillipsi (and possibly other type
specimens of recently described taxa) was
restained. A different pattern was reported than
the diagnostic stain provided in the original
description. No explanation was provided for the
discrepancy. This raises the concern that some
stain pattern results are not reproducible.
Distinctive stain patterns may provide an illusion
of diagnosis. As no measurement of stain
variability has been constructed, there is the
danger of using the sometimes extraordinary
appearance of stains as a magical solution for
polychaete identifications. Clearly one method of
avoiding being tricked is to stain and describe the
patterns of holotype and paratype specimens.
Careful work must avoid using stain patterns as
diagnostic characters until (at least) the results can
be reproduced by other workers. Differences in
staining results demonstrate either unacceptable
variation within the stain method or that a pattern
is not diagnostic of the species under inspection.

-Tom Parker

ISOPOD CONFERENCE

First notice has been received of the Second
International Isopod Conference and Workshop to
be held at the Dauphin Island Marine Lab,
Dauphin Island, Alabama just prior to the summer
meeting of the Crustacean Society in Mobile,
Alabama. The meeting is to be held in honor of
the life and work of T. E. Bowman. The meeting
will be held 18-21 May [the Crustacean Society
meeting is 21-24 May], The announcement and
registration form are attached.

6

December, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 8

1997 SCAS MEETING

The call for papers for the 1997 Southern
California Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting
has been sent out. The meeting will be held on
May 2-3 at Fullerton College. Details on
submission of papers will be sent to members,
and will be available at SCAMIT meetings.
Abstract/Information forms on papers must be
submitted by 1 March 1997.

VOUCHER SHEET ADDITION

In the SCAMIT newsletter vol. 15 (5) the voucher
sheet on Aricidea (Allia) sp. A of SCAMIT 1996
is missing some information from one of its
synonymies. Allia ramosa of SCAMIT was
originally referenced in the SCAMIT voucher
sheet from newsletter vol. 3 (2). Allia ramosa of
SCAMIT will now appear as Aricidea (Allia) sp.

A of SCAMIT in the upcoming edition 3 of the
Taxonomic List.

VOUCHER SHEETS

Voucher sheets for the oedicerotid amphipod
Eochelidium sp A [see NL 15(6)] and the isopod
Paracerceis sp A [see NL 15(7)] are included with
this issue.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BACESCU, MIHAI. 1988. Crustaceorum Catalogus, Pars 8, Cumacea I. SPB Academic Publishing,
1-174.

BROWN, ROLAND WILBUR, 1956. Composition of Scientific Words. Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington D. C., 882pp.

CLARK, HUBERT LYMAN. 1911. North Pacific ophiurans in the collection of the United States
National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 75, 302pp.

CUTLER, EDWARD B. 1994. The Sipuncula, their systematics, biology, and evolution. Comstock
Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 453pp.

DOWNEY, MAUREEN E. 1969. Catalogue of recent ophiuroid type specimens in major collections
in the United States. United States National Museum Bulletin 293: 239pp.

HARDEE, MICHELLE, and Mary K. Wicksten. 1996. Redescription and taxonomic comparison of
three eastern Pacific species of Muricea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Bulletin of the Southern
California Academy of Sciences 95(3): 127-140.

HENDLER, GORDON. 1996. Class Ophiuroidea. Chapter 7, pp. 113-179 IN: Blake, James A.,

Paul H. Scott and Andrew Lissner, eds. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa
Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel, Volume 14 - Miscellaneous Taxa. Santa
Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. 305pp.

JENSEN, GREGORY C. 1995. Pacific coast crabs and shrimps. Sea Challengers, Monterey,
California. 87pp.

MALUF, L. YVONNE. 1988. Composition and distribution of the Central Eastern Pacific

echinoderms. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Technical Report 2: 242pp.

PLEIJEL, FREDRIK, 1993. Polychaeta Phyllodocidae. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia No. 8,
Scandinavian University Press, Norway, 159pp.

7

December, 1996

SCAMIT Newsletter

VoL 15, No. 8

STEBBING, THOMAS R. R., 1893. A History of Crustacea - Recent Malacostraca. The
International Scientific Series Vo. 71. D. Appleton and Co., New York, 466pp.
ZIMMER, CARL, 1936. California Crustacea of the order Cumacea, Proceedings of the United
States National Museum 83(2992): 423^139,

Sigsbeia lineata on a hydrocoral (from Liitken and Mortensen, 1899. Albatross Report XXV - The
Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 23(2):97-208)

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers,

e-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President DonCadien (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mbtcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5544 cam@san.ci.la.ca.us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1 - 4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5-7 (compilation).$ 15.00

Volumes 8 - 14.$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

8

SECOND INTERNATIONAL ISOPOD CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP
Honoring the Life and Work of Thomas E. Bowman

Organizers: Rick Brusca, Bob George, Brian Kensley

FIRST NOTICE

WHEN: 18-21 May 1997

Immediately preceding the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean
Society in Mobile, Alabama

WHERE: Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA

REGISTRATION FEE: $190 (single room plus meals)

$150 (double room plus meals)

LODGING: Single or Double Dormitory-style rooms at Dauphin Island
Lab.

Participants may also arrange their own accomodations at any of
the four modestly-priced motels on Dauphin Island:

Gulf Breeze Motel: 1510 Cadillac Ave. (334) 861-7344

(334) 861-6616

Bayside Motel and Apartments: 510 Lemoyne Dr. (334) 861-4994
Harbor Lights Inn: 1506 Cadillac Ave. (334) 861-5534

Sand Castle Beach Front Condominiums: 50 Forney Johnston St.

(334) 861-6691

MEALS: All meals and coffee-breaks are included in the Registra¬
tion Fee, and will be served at the lab. There are three cafes on
the island, so dining out is possible.

SCHEDULE:

18 May Participants arrive at Mobile airport.

Shuttle van to Dauphin Is. Sea Lab.

Evening reception at local restaurant.

19 May Morning and afternoon, papers and discussion.

20 May Morning and afternoon, papers and discussions.

Evening banquet.

21 May Morning, papers and discussion.

Afternoon, depart for Mobile.

21-24 May Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society, Mobile,
Alabama

POSSIBLE TOPICS: Isopod Biodiversity and Biogeography.

Isopod phyiogeny.

Isopod databases, keys.

TRANSPORT: A shuttle bus will be provided to carry participants
from the Mobile airport to Dauphin Island, a 45 minute drive.

Plan your arrival in Mobile for no later than 5:00 p.m. on May
18th. Inform Brian Kensley of your flight and time of arrival, so
that you can be met at the airport.

1

REGISTRATION FORM

If you plan to attend the Second International Isopod Workshop
and Conference at Dauphin Island, Alabama, please complete this
form and return it to Brian Kensley, NHB-163, Smithsonian Insti¬
tution, Washington, D.C. 20560 (Phone (202) 357-4666, Fax (202)

3 57-3043, E-Mail MNHIV019@SIVM.SI.EDU

1. Name (as you wish it to appear on your lapel badge).

Postal Address:

Telephone No.

Fax No.

E-Mail Address:

2. I wish to reserve SINGLE DOUBLE accomodation at the
Dauphin Island Sea Lab (circle one).

or

[] I will arrange my own accomodation on Dauphin Island.

3. Enclosed is a CHECK MONEY ORDER BANK ORDER for $190/$150 US,
for the Registration Fee (circle one).

4. I plan to present a PAPER and/or a POSTER (circle one or
both).

5. Title of my paper:_

(Send a one-page Abstract to Brian Kensley no later than 31
March 1997. The Abstract page should have a one-inch margin all
round, for easy copying.)

6. One T-shirt is included in the registration fee; additional T-
shirts will be sold at minimum cost.

T-shirt size: SMALL MEDIUM LARGE X-LARGE (circle one
or more).

2

EocheMium spA SCAMIT 1996
Group: Amphipoda Family Oedicerotidae

SCAMIT Vol, 15, No.8

SC AMIT CODE: None Date Examined: 19 August 1996

Voucher By: Carol Paquette & Don Cadien

SYNONYMY: Synchelidium sp A of MBC [see SCAMIT NL 12(5)]

LITERATURE: Bousfield & Chevrier 1996; Hirayama 1987; Hirayama 1992; Imbach 1967; Jo 1990

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS:

1. Head with a pronounced change in slope just beyond the eye; rostrum not exceeding article

1 of antenna 1 peduncle, strongly deflexed, ventrally keeled

2. Pereopods 3 and 4: dactyl long, subequal to the propodal length; carpus also subequal to

propod length; hind margin of both carpus and propod proximally setose; basis expanded
distally, especially on pereopod 3

3. Gnathopod 1: palm nearly transverse, defined by a spine and a sharp change in angle, equal in

length to posterior margin

4. Gnathopod 2: propod elongate; dactyl relatively short, about 1/4 propod length

5. Coxa 3 with postero-ventral margin beveled; coxa 5 as long as wide

6. Pleonal epimeron 2 with posteroventral corner obtuse

7. Uropods 1 and 2: outer rami slightly shorter than inner; mesial margin of inner rami spined

(two spines on Ul, one on U2)

8. Telson truncate distally, bearing one pair of small curved setae

9. Strongly pigmented (retained in alcohol) with brown blotches in a pattern similar to that shown

in Fig. 1

RELATED SPECIES AND CHARACTER DIFFERENCES:

1. Differs from E. carinorostrum in having a more deflexed, shorter rostrum which does not

exceed article 1 of the antenna 1 peduncle; and in having a truncate not emarginate telson

2. Differs from E. miraculum in having articles 1 and 2 of the antenna 1 peduncle subequal, not

article 2 50% longer; in having the posterior margin of coxa 3 beveled, not evenly rounded;
in having the basis of pereopod 3 distally expanded; in bearing spines on the mesial margins
of uropods 1 and 2; in having the telson truncate, not slightly emarginate; and in having a
pair of curved setae dorsally on the telson

3. Differs from E . nonrostrum in lacking pleon ridging or carination dorsally

4. Differs from E, bulytschevae in having the carpus of pereopods 3 and 4 posteriorly setose

5. Differs from E. nonmiraculum in having the rami of uropods 1 and 2 unequal

6. Differs from E. lenorostralum in the hind corner of pleonal epimeron 2 being obtuse, not acute

7. Differs from E . rostriospiculum in having the propod of gnathopod 2 not slender, and in

lacking spines posteriorly on the propod of pereopods 3 and 4

DEPTH RANGE: 7- 20 m

DISTRIBUTION: all specimens known to date have been taken in Long Beach Harbor, either in the
inner portion of the Main Channel, in the Consolidated Slip, or in Queens way Bay in the outer harbor.
It is assumed that the species is introduced from the Northwest Pacific, but no collections of it are
known (to us) from that region.

REMARKS: As outlined by Bousfield and Chevrier (1996), both the genus Eochelidium and the closely
related Chitotnandibulum occur only in the Western Pacific. The current species is then almost
certainly introduced from either Japanese or Korean waters, presumably in ships’ ballast water. The
species is most closely related to E . carinorostrum (Jo 1990 - to which it would key out in Bousfield
and Chevrier*s key) and E . miraculum from the South China Sea (Imbach 1967). It can be separated
from all the local species of Synchelidium in being heavily pigmented rather than pure white, and in
numerous fine details. The specimens taken by MBC were from 1993 and 1994 samples, and the
species may not still be extant in the harbor. Although in nearly all respects it falls within the definition
of die genus Eochelidium , it differs from other members of that genus in having the carpus and propod
of pereopods 3 and 4 equally long.

Figure 1. Color pattern of Eochelidium sp A (based on preserved specimen from Long Beach Harbor)

Paracerceis sp A SCAMIT 1996
Group: Isopoda: Family Sphaeromatidae

SCAMIT Vol. 15, No.8

SCAMIT CODE: None Date Examined: 19 December 1996

Voucher By: Don Cadien

SYNONYMY: Paracerceis sp of Brusca 1980

LITERATURE: Brusca 1980; Richardson 1905

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS:

1. In the male the terminal sinus bears two pair of teeth; the anterior pair long, flat medially,

ending in sharp conical points; the posterior pair short, placed near the distal end of the
sinus so the pleotelson appears notched

2. In the male the uropodal exopod is wider basalty than the endopod, and its anteriodorsal

margin is finely dentate

3. In the male the basal knob on the pleotelson bears a tall acute spine 4-5x its diameter in length

4. In the male the sinus broadens out basally into a round foramen which the basal knob

overhangs

5. In the male the pleotelson bears two clear vesicles flanking the base of the median sinus

6. In the female the posterior medial margin of the uropodal exopods bears a series of sharp teeth
RELATED SPECIES AND CHARACTER DIFFERENCES:

1. Differs from the male of P . sculpta in having a tall acute spine on the basal knob of the

pleotelson rather than a short acute spine (not much longer than its diameter); from the
male of P. cordata in lacking ventrolateral spines on the uropodal exopod; and from P.
sculpta , P. cordata , and P. gilliana males in having the base of the median sinus expanded
into a round foramen; in having the median sinus narrowed distally; and in having the
uropodal exopods wider basally than the endopods

2. Differs from the females of P. sculpta , P. cordata , and P. gilliana in having the posterior

medial margin of the uropodal exopods sharply toothed

DEPTH RANGE: intertidal - ?

DISTRIBUTION: islands of the central Gulf of California to La Jolla, California

Adult male of a) Paracerceis sculpta and b) Paracerceis sp A
(from Brusca, 1980. Common Intertidal Invertebrates
of the Gulf of California, 2nd Ed)

Adult female of c) Paracerceis sculpta and d) Paracerceis sp A
(from Brusca, 1980. Common Intertidal Invertebrates
of the Gulf of California, 2nd Ed)

January, 1997 SCAMIT Newsletter Vol. 15, No.9

NEXT MEETING: Biology 430, 1975-1996

GUEST SPEAKER: Derek Ellis, University of Victoria, British Columbia
Tuesday, February 18, 1997
9:30 am - 3:30 pm

DATE:

TIME:

LOCATION:

Times Mirror Room, Natural History Museum
900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles

Moigula napiformis (from Lambert 1996)

FEBRUARY 18TH MEETING

The talk by Derek Ellis, subtitled ...from
"Identification and Taxonomy " to "Taxonomy and
Biodiversity" will cover over 20 years of Dr.

Ellis’ experiences teaching one of the few
explicitly taxonomic courses in the world. His
presence in our area is connected with the transfer
of a very large and long term collection of marine
invertebrates associated with environmental
monitoring at the Island Copper Mine in British
Columbia. He will discuss this in a presentation
at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County on 13 February entitled 'The Island
Copper Mine/DHP Marine Benthos Collection
from British Columbia - 1970-1998”. Those of us
involved in long-term monitoring programs will
find this subject of considerable interest as well.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes .

January, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 9

NEW LITERATURE

Dr. Nancy Maciolek’s 1983 thesis on spionid
polychaetes is available for purchase. Her thesis
is titled, "Systematics of Atlantic Spionidae
(Annelida: Polychaeta) with Special Reference to
Deep-Water Species". It is available from:

UMI Dissertation Services
300 N. Zeeb Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
1 (800) 521-0600

It’s approximate cost is $38 and UMI does take a
credit card.

As mentioned in the last newsletter, Vol. 14 of
the Taxonomic Atlas series has been released. It
was passed around at the meeting to allow any
members present who had not yet received a copy
a brief examination. Mention was made of the
taxonomic changes introduced by Hendler
(1996a) in ophiuroids, and Winchell (1996) in
sipunculids.

No changes from existing SCAMIT practice were
found in the chapters on brachiopods (Hochberg
1996), echiurans (Pilger 1996), crinoids (Hendler
1996b), asteroids (Lissner and Hart 1996a),
echinoids (Lissner and Hart 1996b), holothuroids
(Bergen 1996), or urochordates (Lambert 1996).
Initial examination of the enteropneust chapter
(Woodwick 1996) indicates we may be able to
begin identification of our local species, at least to
the generic level. While transverse section for
examination of muscle arrangements may be
necessary, Tony Phillips at Hyperion has tried it
and found it workable with the aid of Woodwick’s
text and illustrations.

At the structural level a recent paper on dactylar
morphology in phronimid amphipods (Zelickman
and Por 1996) was circulated. The authors
suggest some novel function for these structures,
putting forward the hypothesis that the amphipods
engage in external digestion and nutrient
absorption of host tissues through their dactyls.

Phronimids live as parasitoids on gelatinous
zooplankters, and might be expected to have some
novel adaptations as a result of this life style.

At the organism level Brown and Olivares (1996)
describe a new member of the planar eastern
Pacific Crepidula group (gastropod mollusks)
from Chile. Three species within this group
occur in California; the native C. nummaria , C.
perforans, and the introduced C. nivea. These
are all discussed in the paper, and characters
separating them from the new species are listed.

The remaining papers examined at the meeting
dealt with either aut- or synecology of marine
organisms. The potential impacts of burying
behavior in benthic cephalopods are discussed by
Boletzky (1996). Most of the bioturbative
activities of benthic squids are shallow and
temporary, serving only for the concealment of
the animal. Some Octopus , however, construct
either temporary or permanent burrows as
habitations, excavating up to 10cm deep into the
sediments.

Results of an experimental study of amphipod
species turnover were discussed by Costello and
Myers (1996). They found that species
composition stabilized after about 4 months of
exposure of colonization pads, except for a
continuing stream of transient species. These
transients, which represented about one third of
the species total on average, appeared to be
visitors from other adjacent habitats in which they
were resident. Inclusion of such non-resident
aliens tends to inflate biodiversity values for a
habitat. Failure to recognize the distinction
between resident and non-resident can skew
perception of the habitat, and complicate
evaluation of community health and stability.

In a related examination of non-resident species
Carlton (1996) provides an overview of the
process of biological invasion searching for
patterns that will allow development of predictive
models of the process. While some patterns are
relatively clear, in most cases we still do not

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Vol. 15, No. 9

know why one species successfully invades new
habitats, while others fail. We cannot yet look at
lists of species from potential donor regions and
pick out those species likely to become invaders.
This paper is one of several derived from a
symposium on invasion biology held at University
of California, Davis in 1994. Interested parties
may want to look up the entire issue of Biological
Conservation in which this paper appears to
examine other related articles resulting from the
1994 symposium.

Power et a! (1996) reexamine another concept
central to conservation biology and biodiversity
evaluation - the keystone species. They point out
that there are many subtly differing definitions of
"keystone" and attempt to redefine the concept
explicitly. It is increasingly apparent that
organisms may only be keystone within a certain
context, Under other circumstances they may not
function in a keystone role. Thus Paines classic
nomination of Pis as ter ochraceus as a keystone
species in wave exposed intertidal area does not
hold true in protected areas, where sand
accumulation inundates starfish prey populations.
This and other aspects of the keystone concept are
well presented in this overview paper - a group
statement resulting from a Keystone Species
Workshop held in Hawaii in 1995.

In a paper mentioned, but not discussed, at the
meeting Child (1996) finishes his review of the
species of pycnogonids described by William
Hilton. Child's first commentary on Hilton’s
species (1975) dealt only with the family
Phoxichilidiidae, Subsequently individual species
have been redescribed or discussed as parts of
other papers. Species which have not been
discussed in the intervening 20 years were
addressed in the present paper.

INTRODUCTIONS ON THE NET

A Sea Grant Nonindigenous Species Site has been
created on the world wide web to serve as an
information transfer focus for introduced species.

Information on access is provided on the attached
sheet.

BALLOTS

Once again it is time to elect new officers for
SCAMIT’s 1997-98 year, which officially begins
in April. At the January meeting nominations
were taken with all current officers being re¬
nominated. Ballots and biographies of the
candidates are included in this newsletter. The
ballots are due by the end of March. There is
still time for write-in nominations. While the
rewards of officership may seem small the
experience itself more than makes up for this.
Participating as an officer is a great place to get
your feet wet in the wonderful world of
invertebrate taxonomy. So, if anyone is remotely
considering running for office please don't
hesitate to speak up.

MMS ATLAS CORRECTION

In volume 6 of the MMS Atlas on page 98 there
is a mistake in the Scolelepis key. Scolelepis
occidentalism which keys out at line 3B, following
line 2B which states "notosetae absent on setiger
1" is incorrect. S. occidentalis does have
notosetae present on the first setiger based on
Hartman’s (1961) original description and
Maciolek’s (1987) table. The rest of couplet 2B
is correct for S. occidentalis . Branchiae and
dorsal notopodial lamellae are fused for most of
their length, but free at the tips and hooded hooks
have 1-2 apical teeth. To correct this the key
will need to be restructured not just appended.
Until that time members may want to use
SCAMIT’s 1994 spionid key (newsletter vol. 13
no.8).

MINUTES FROM JANUARY 14 MEETING

This meeting was held at the Worm Lab of the
Natural History Museum. Our guest speaker was
Dr. Fredrik Pleijel from the Swedish Museum of

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VoL 15, No. 9

Natural History in Stockholm. He is currently on
a year-long sabatical collecting polychaetes,
especially hesionids, from various locations in the
U.S., such as so. Calif., Puget Sound and
Florida. These collections will form the nucleus
of a large-scale revision of the Hesionidae
currently in progress. Where possible literature
descriptions are being checked by examination of
newly collected material, live examination, and
ultimately SEM examination. He is being
supported in this both by his home institution, and
by a Visiting Investigator grant from the
Smithsonian.

The week before the meeting Dr. Pleijel was out
benthic sampling with the City of Los Angeles
and brought to the meeting some of the live
polychaetes he had collected. We opened the
meeting examining these by dissecting
microscope. Also available for examination were
lots of syllids from a kelp holdfast off San Diego.

We also examined some live specimens that Don
Cadien had brought back with him from his
recent collecting trip to Mexico. Don had
managed to keep alive an especially nice large
Eunice from El Anclote, which is northwest of
Puerto Vallarto, It had a very striking brown
pigment pattern and it seemed to fit the
description of Eunice sonorae , which is originally
described from Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mexico
by Fauchald (1970). The specimen was so large
that it was easy to observe the branchiae and
parapods in motion. Since most of our time as
taxonomists is spent examining dead specimens it
is always a treat to be able to view live material,
especially to observe the beautiful color patterns,
which fade so quickly in alcohol,

Dr. Pleijel spoke to our group about one of his
current studies on Ophiodromus. He and a
graduate student have discovered two groups of
the hesionid, Ophiodromus flexuosus which Dr.
Pleijel believes may represent two different
species. These two groups occur in very
different locations and habitats and exhibit
different lifestyles. One group is found in

shallow water in Northern Norway free living in
muddy sediments. The other group comes from
the Mediterranean in shallow water and occurs as
a commensal on large Astropecten , where the
worms attain greater size than their northern free-
living counterparts. This large sea star does not
occur in Norway, but other smaller Astropecten
do. Dr. Pleijel conducted some preliminary tests
to see if fish would eat these hesionids. The fish
spit out the hesionids and found them distasteful
or unattractive on several attempts. It is unclear
exactly what the fish find unpleasant about the
worms.

Ophiodromus flexuosus was originally described
from the Mediterranean and seems to fit both of
these groups of hesionids in several characters.
First, the hesionids fit the genus Ophiodromus
due to their brown coloration, palpostyles that are
similar in shape to the median antenna, and a
proboscis that lacks a ring of terminal papilae in
the adult. Juveniles will have approximately 10
papillae at the terminal end of the proboscis. The
process by which these papillae disappear with
growth is unclear. However, this character may
help the taxonomist distinguish between a juvenile
Ophiodromus and a sexually mature adult,
something that has been a problem for some
authors that have described juveniles by mistake.
O. flexuosus has characteristic white stripes
crossing the dorsum on segments
9,13,18,22,26...., which define it at the species
level. Both the Mediterranean and Norwegian
groups have these white stripes. One of the
curious aspects of this particular case is that the
stripes seem to function as aposematic coloration,
advertising the distasteful nature of the animal to
potential predators. The retention of such
aposematic coloration in an organism which lives
as a commensal is rather unusual.

Dr. Pleijel is using cladistics to determine if these
two groups are different enough to actually be
two species (or two separate "things"- see last
paragraph) based on morphometric features,
electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. At the
meeting Dr. Pleijel showed us slides of various

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Vol. 15, No. 9

cladograms to illustrate where Ophiodromus
flexuosus fits in relation to other groups. As a
hesionid it is closely related to the Pilargidae,
Nereididae, and Chrysopetalidae. Dr. Pleijel
believes that Ophiodromus flexuosus Fits under a
new taxon (at the level of tribe), currently
undescribed but to be called ,, Ophiodrommi fl ,
based on the anterior insertion of the median
antenna (for now, and probably other characters
later).

Dr. Pleijel recognizes that some experimental
manipulations of the two groups of O. flexuosus
would help clarify their position. For instance,
reciprocal transplants should be performed, with
the Norwegian group brought to the
Mediterranean and put on Astropecten, and
Mediterranean animals should be placed in
northern waters as free-living worms.

The above Ophiodromus case was used as an
illustrative example of the difficulty of relating
cladistic analytical "tree-thinking" to more
traditional Linnean heirarchical taxonomy.

During his talk Dr. Pleijel introduced an
interesting viewpoint on the concept of species.
The term species is generally defined as a group
of animals that are able to interbreed with one
another or have a distinct separate lineage and
share a common ancestor (are monophyletic).
However, species which are not most closely
related as postioned in a cladogram may be able
to interbreed.

An example of this phenomenon based on work
with fishes by another researcher was presented at
the meeting. In that case several of the most
closely related species level taxa were unable to
interbreed, while two somewhat more distant
forms (based on cladogram position) could. The
apparent explanation of this was that the
autapomorphies which defined the non¬
interbreeding species prevented interbreeding,
while the autapomorphies defining the
interbreeding taxa did not concern reproduction.
Because of complicated situations like this Dr.
Pleijel would like to see the term "species"

defined without using reproduction or the process
of breeding in the definition, preferring to anchor
the concept in membership in a single lineage.
Instead of referring to these groups as "species"
he currently refers to them as "things" or taxa.

PURSUIT OF POLYCHAETES

After the SCAMIT meeting Fred Pleijel stayed
with Don Cadien for a few days while he came
out on the Ocean Sentinel with the CSDLAC staff
for benthic sampling. As he had with the
Hyperion crew the previous week, Fred sought
hesionids with single minded devotion to duty.

He is currently involved in a reassessment of the
family, and is attempting to locate representatives
of all the described genera (and as many of the
species as possible) in the tribe containing
Podarke and Ophiodromus. Since collection of
material was for detailed investigation with SEM,
and since hesionids have the unfortunate habit of
casting off delicate body parts during handling
and preservation, Fred went after them alive.

His method was to take benthic samples, suspend
them in seawater and then gently screen them. If
he saw anything interesting on the screen he
transferred the retained material to a clean jar of
seawater for later microscope examination. Since
going through such materials is very time
consuming he restricted himself to only 4-6
samples per day,

In the evening he busied himself at Don’s
microscope, finding (and showing him) specimens
of numerous hesionids including Podarke
pugettensis, several undescribed species of
Gyptis, Gyptis brunnea , Amphidurous pacificus,
Podarkeopsis glabrus, and an undescribed
Podarkeopsis. Even a non-worm person like Don
found these animals quite attractive, agile, and
engaging. Fred had quite good luck with the
benthic samples, but working on them was much
harder than the collecting we did at the Cabrillo
Marine Aquarium after the January SCAMIT
meeting. With the assistance of Chief Aquarist

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Vol. 15, No. 9

Jeff Landesman we collected many specimens of
Podarke pugettemis from a tank full of Asterina
miniata at the Aquarium. Not only did we collect
many fme specimens nearly effortlessly, we also
got to consider whether the starfish felt better or
worse as their commensals were removed.

Collected specimens were selectively examined to
determine which were best for SEM. Once the
cream of the crop were picked out they were
relaxed in magnesium chloride solution, carefully
cleaned, and osmium fixed. The remaining
specimens were formalin fixed as comparative
material. The actual SEM examinations will take
place back at the Smithsonian, where Fred will
spend several months later this year.

Prior to a return to the east coast, however, there
is more field work here in the west. On the 24th
of January Fred headed to Vancouver to meet
with Andrew Mackie and continue his quest for
hesionids in Puget Sound. Leslie Harris is going
along too, so we should get a full report from her
on their activities in the Pacific Northwest.

SOUTHERN EXPOSURES

Don Cadien and his son Jeff, in the company of
nudibranch maven Jim Lance, recently returned
from a trip to western mainland Mexico. This
was the fourth trip to the area for Don, probably
the 20th for Jim, and a first for Jeff. The main
purpose was intertidal collection of and
macrophotography of nudibranch mo Husks. In
past trips the animals have been maintained in
sea-water and returned back to the U.S. for
photography here. In the process some more
delicate specimens have been lost, and all have
grown less vigorous with separation from food
substrates and local conditions. It also continued
a series of collections in the rocky intertidal area
just north of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. The area in
question is along the north shore of Bahia
Banderas, at Sayulita about 20km further north,
and at several rocky sites along the shores of
Matenchen Bay near San Bias, all in the state of

Nayarit. Over the past two decades coastal
development of resorts to attract both local and
foreign tourism has diminished the available rock
reef habitat in which nudibranchs thrive. On a
trip in the spring of 1995 we found that one
cherished area in northern Matenchen Bay, type
locality for several unique new mollusk species,
was completely gone. All the rocky substrate had
been removed to build foundations and walls of
developments. At another site, Aticama in central
Matenchen Bay, we found ourselves in the midst
of this process, with burly workmen removing
intertidal rocks by hand while we peered under
others.

This time we discovered another casualty, Punta
de Mita. Located at the tip of the peninsula
which defines the northern shore of Bahia
Banderas, Punta de Mita was a unique
environment of coral reef, reef flat and lagoon
which hosted numerous indigenous rarities. It
also served as a landing site for teleplanic larvae
of Indo-Pacific species, providing a coral reef for
reef associated organisms making landfall in the
Americas. On a previous trip, for instance, we
found the aeolid nudibranch Spurilla alba at Punta
de Mita, a species originally described from the
reefs of New Caledonia, and known widely in the
tropical Indo-Pacific. Peracarid crustaceans, and
most crustaceans in general are not so widely
dispersed, so loss of these habitats is more critical
to their continued existence. In consequence I
have been making collections of alga-associated
peracarids from the sparse algal cover of the
tropic intertidal zone. Many new species (read
"much undocumented diversity") are evident in
just a cursory examination.

In theory, Punta de Mita, while closed to public
access during the period we were in the area, will
reopen within 2-3 years sporting a new golf
course and recreational center to encourage
tourism and the further development of the
adjacent coastal area. Fortunately some
collections already exist from which the fauna of
Punta de Mita can be described. Case in point is
the paper by Alvarez et al (1996) in the last issue

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Vo!. 15, No. 9

of the Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington. They describe a new species of
shrimp, Prionalpheus nayaritae, whose type
locality is Punta de Mita based on collections
made there in 1992-1993. These collections are
now housed in the Coleccion Nacional de
Crustaceos, and hopefully document the diversity
so evident in the field at Punta de Mita. Ideally
both development and maintenance of intertidal
communities can be sustained along the mainland
coast of Mexico, since the people in the area
might benefit from well managed coastal
development. Removal of rocky intertidal
substrate is a habitat loss as final as the cutting of
old growth forest, however, and must be
curtailed.

Aside from our frustration over continued habitat
destruction we had a wonderful time, and a
successful trip, about 45 species of opisthobranch
mo Husks were observed, and about 20 of these
photographed. Incidental collections were made
of polychaete worms and a few other things,
including a lm+ specimen of Baseodiscus
mexicanus , a strikingly colored large nemertean
well-illustrated in Coe (1940). Knowing the
fragile nature of nemerteans I did not want to
preserve it in the field, so I brought it back
alive,out of water, in a small baggie. The animal
survived with little evidence of stress for over
four days completely out of water. It was finally
refrigerated, then frozen, and so far has shown no
evidence of fragmentation.

Three species of polychaete worms were also
returned alive for examination during the January
SCAMIT meeting. One was a large specimen of
the amphinomid Eurythoe complanata , a second
was tentatively identified as the polynoid
Lepidonotus spicuius, and the third seemed to be
a large specimen of Eunice sonorae . If the two
latter identifications hold, both are southern range
extensions; from southern California for the
Lepidonotus and from the state of Sinaloa for the
Eunice. Because of this long-scheduled trip we
were not able to attend the meeting in La Paz, but
several SCAMIT members were in attendance,
and we should have reports by the next
Newsletter of activities there.

CHAETOZONE VOUCHER SHEETS

Included with this newsletter are voucher sheets
from Rick Rowe (CSDMWWD) on the two
commonly occurring Chaetozone "setosa" types
from so. California. Also included is a table of
Chaetozone characters that Rick has put together
based on Blake's Cirratulidae chapter from the
MMS Atlas (1996). He has also constructed a
blank table for taxonomists to write in their own
findings.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ALVAREZ, FERNANDO, Maria Elena Camacho, and Jose Luis Villalobos. 1996. The first species of
Prionalpheus from the eastern Pacific, and new records of caridean shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda:
Caridea) from the western coast of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
109(4):715-724.

BERGEN, MARY. 1996. Class Holothuroidea. Pp. 195-250. Chapter 9 f pp. 195-250 IN:: Blake, James
A., Paul H. Scott, and Andrew Lissner (eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa
Maria Basin and The Western Santa Barbara Channel. 305pp. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural
History: Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.

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Vol. 15, No. 9

BLAKE, JAMES A, 1996. Family Cirratulidae Ryckholdt, 1851. Pp.263-384. Chapter 8IN:: Blake, James
A., Brigitte Hilbig, and Paul H. Scott (eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa
Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6- The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta:
Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. 377pp, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara, Ca.

—. 1996. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. IN:: Blake, James A., Brigitte Hilbig, and Paul H. Scott (eds.),
Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara
Channel. Volume 6- The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. 377pp. Santa
Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara, Ca.

BOLETZKY, SIGURD VON. 1996. Cephalopods burying in soft substrata: agents of bioturbation? Marine
Ecology - Pubblicazioni Della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli I 17(1-3):77-86.

BROWN, D. I., and C, A. Olivares. 1996. A new species of Crepidula (Mollusca: Mesogastropoda:
Calyptraeidae) from Chile: additional characters for the identification of eastern Pacific planar
Crepidula group. Journal of Natural History 30(10): 1443- 1458.

CARLTON, JAMES T. 1996. Pattern, process, and prediction in marine invasion ecology. Biological
Conservation 78(L2):97-106.

CHILD, C. ALLAN. 1975. The Pycnogonida types of William A. Hilton. I. Phoxichilidiidae.
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 88(19): 189-210.

—. 1996. The Pycnogonida types of William A. Hilton. II. The remaining undescribed species.
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109(4):677-686.

COE, WESLEY R. 1940. Revision of the Nemertean Fauna of the Pacific Coasts of North, Central, and
Northern South America. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 2(13):247-322,

COSTELLO, MARK J., and Alan A. Myers. 1996. Turnover of transient species as a contributor to the
richness of a stable amphipod (Crustacea) fauna in a sea inlet. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology 202(1):49-62.

FAUCHALD, KRISTIAN. 1970. Polychaetous Annelids of the Families Eunicidae, Lumbrineridae,
Iphitimidae, Arabellidae, Lysaretidae and Dorvilleidae from Western Mexico. Allan Hancock
Monographs in Marine Biology 5:1-335.

HARTMAN, OLGA. 1961. Polychaetous Annelids from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions
25:1-224.

HENDLER, GORDON. 1996. Class Crinoidea. Pp.85-95. Chapter 5 , pp. 85-95 IN:: Blake, James A.,
Paul H. Scott, and Andrew Lissner (eds ), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa
Maria Basin and The Western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History:
Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A. 305pp.

---. 1996. Class Ophiuroidea. Pp. 113-179. Chapter 7, pp . 113-179 IN:: Blake, James A., Paul H. Scott,
and Andrew Lissner (eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and
The Western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara,
California, U.S.A. 305pp.

HOCHBERG, FREDRICK G. 1996. The Brachiopoda. Pp.1-47. Chapter 7, pp. 1-47IN:: Blake, James
A., Paul H. Scott, and Andrew Lissner (eds.). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa
Maria Basin and The Western Santa Barbara Channel. 305pp. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural
History: Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.

LAMBERT, GRETCHEN. 1996. Phylum Chordata: Subphylum Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea.
Pp.261-293. Chapter 11 , pp. 261-293 IN:: Blake, James A., Paul H. Scott, and Andrew Lissner
(eds.). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and The Western Santa
Barbara Channel. 305pp. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara, California,
U.S.A.

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Vol. 15, No. 9

LISSNER, ANDREW, and Debra Hart. 1996. Class Asteroidea. Pp.97-112. Chapter 6, pp. 97-112 IN::
Blake, James A., Paul H. Scott, and Andrew Lissner (eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna
of the Santa Maria Basin and The Western Santa Barbara Channel. 305pp. Santa Barbara Museum
of Natural History: Santa Barbara, California, U.S. A.

—. 1996. Class Echinoidea. Pp. 181-194. Chapter 8 f pp . 181-194 IN:: Blake, James A., Paul H. Scott, and
Andrew Lissner (eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and The
Western Santa Barbara Channel. 305pp. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara,
California, U S A.

MACIOLEK, NANCY J. 1987. New species and records of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the
east coast of North America, with a review of the subgenera. Bulletin of the Biological Society of
Washington 7:16-40.

PILGER, JOHN F. 1996. Echiura. Pp.67-79. Chapter 3, pp . 67-79 IN:: Blake, James A., Paul H. Scott,
and Andrew Lissner (eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and
The Western Santa Barbara Channel. 305pp. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa
Barbara, California, U.S.A.

POWER, MARY E., David Tilman, James A. Estes, Bruce A. Menge, William J. Bond, L. Scott Mills,
Gretchen Daily, Juan Carlos Castilla, Jane Lubchenco, and Robert T. Paine. 1996. Challenges in
the quest for keystones. Bioscience 46(8):609-620.

WINCHELL, PAULA S. 1996. Phylum Sipuncula. Pp.49-65. Chapter 2, pp . 49-65 IN:: Blake, James A.,
Paul H. Scott, and Andrew Lissner (eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa
Maria Basin and The Western Santa Barbara Channel. 305pp. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural
History: Santa Barbara, California, U.S. A.

WOODWICK, KEITH H. 1996. Hemichordata: Enteropneusta. Pp.251-259. Chapter 10, pp . 251-259 IN::
Blake, James A., Paul H. Scott, and Andrew Lissner (eds ), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna
of the Santa Maria Basin and The Western Santa Barbara Channel. 305pp. Santa Barbara Museum
of Natural History: Santa Barbara, California, U.S. A.

ZELICKMAN, E. A., and F. D. Por. 1996. Ultrastructure of the pereopodal dactyls in the family
Phronimidae Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Journal of Natural History
30(8): 1193-1213.

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of
the officers.

e-mail addtess

rgv@sddpc. sannet. gov
mblcsdla@netcom. com
mbIcsdla@nelcom. com
cam@san.ci.la.ca.us

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Ron Velarde
Don Cadien
Cheryl Brantley
Ann Dalkey

(619)692-4903
(310)830-2400 ext. 403
(310)830-2400 ext. 403
(310)648-5544

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1-4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5 - 7 (compilation).$ 15.00

Volumes 8-14 .$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

9

CANDIDATE BIOGRAPHIES

PRESIDENT

Ron Velarde

Ron is the current President of SCAMIT and a past Vice-
President; he has been a Marine Biologist with the City of San
Diego since 1983 and currently is the supervisor of Benthic
Taxonomy for the Ocean Monitoring Program. His taxonomic
interests include most groups, especially polychaetes and
nudibranch mollusks. He earned his B.S. degree in Marine
Biology from California State University, Long Beach, in 1976,
and did post-graduate research on the systematics and ecology
of autolytid polychaetes.

VICE-PRESIDENT

Don Cadien

Charter member of SCAMIT, Studied invertebrate taxonomy and
biology at California State University, Long Beach, under Dr.
D. J. Reish. Worked at Cabrillo Marine Museum, then at the
L.A. County Museum of Natural History under Dr. J. H. McLean
in Malacology. Spent 15 years at M.B.C. Applied Environmental
Sciences as a taxonomist and later also Project Manager,
leaving in 1989 as a Senior Marine Biologist to join the L.A.
County Sanitation Districts' Marine Biology Lab. Specialties
in taxonomy and biology of mollusks (particularly nudibranchs)
and peracarid crustaceans. Currently a Research Associate in
the Crustacea Section of the L.A. County Museum of Natural
History.

SECRETARY

Cheryl Brantley

Cheryl is the current Secretary of SCAMIT and a marine
biologist for the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles

County. She has worked for the Districts since graduation
with her B. A. degree in Aquatic Biology from the University of
California, Santa Barbara in 1985. As a taxonomist in the
Districts' Marine Biology Laboratory, Cheryl has specialized
in polychaetes with emphasis on the Spionida, Eunicida and the
Aphroditiformia.

TREASURER

Ann Dalkey

Ann is presently the Treasurer for SCAMIT and has held this
position since SCAMIT was founded. Ann is a member of the
water biology staff at the Hyperion Treatment Plant where she
specializes in the identification of polychaetes and amphipod
crustaceans. Prior to working at Hyperion, Ann was a member
of the laboratory staff at the County Sanitation Districts of
Orange County. She worked there for nearly 10 years, reaching
a position of senior laboratory and research analyst. She
received her B.S. from California State University Long Beach
in Marine Biology in 1974 and her M.S. from the same
university in 1982. Her thesis research pertained to
polychaete bioassay.

BALLOT FOR SCAMIT OFFICERS 1997-98

Vote for one (1) nominee for each office. Please mail or return
completed ballot to Don Cadien by March 31, 1997. You may return
it to the Secretary or other attending officer at the March
meeting. The address to mail it to is:

Don Cadien

Marine Biology Laboratory
County Sanitation Districts
of Los Angeles County
24501 S. Figueroa Street
Carson, CA 90745

President - The president presides at all meetings and represents
SCAMIT in external business affairs.

_ Ron Velarde

_ Write-in:_

Vice-President - The Vice-President chairs ad hoc committees,

supervises the specimen exchange, tabulates
election ballots, edits the newsletter, and fills
in for the President as necessary.

_ Don Cadien

__ Write-in:_

Secretary - The Secretary keeps minutes of the meetings, is
responsible for the newsletter, and preparation of the
ballots.

Cheryl Brantley

_ Write-in:___

Treasurer - The Treasurer collects dues, makes disbursements, keeps
financial records, and makes an annual statement of the
financial status of SCAMIT.

_ Ann Dalkey

_ Write-in:_

1996-97 SCAMIT Meeting Topics - Please suggest any topics you deem
worthy of a SCAMIT meeting.

JiAwordpcrlVchaciinciub R.Rowc 26Nov96

Chaetozone Malmgren, 1867

(Tabular summary of Blake, 1996)

Diagnosis: Prostomium with a conical, blunt or acute anterior margin. Peristomium elongate to short. Dorsal tentacles from peristome or anterior setiger. Body segmentation short,

broad, crowded to longer than wide, or moniliform. Unidentate adcular spines present in neuropodia and usually in notopodia. Bidentate spines present with unidentaic spines
in some juveniles or far posterior setigers of some adults. (Diagnosis modified slightly from Blake, 1996)

SPECIES

Neuro¬
podia 1
spines
start on
se tiger U
{Nolo-
podial
spines}

Arrange¬
ment of
spines of
posterior
segments
(see**
bottom
page 1)

Structure

of

posterior

spines

max. ft of
acicular
spines per
side

(posterior

neuro+

noto-

Fasciclts)

Dorsal
tentacle
insertion '

Branchiae
insertion
(first pair
of

branchiae)

Eyes

Pygidial

structure

Prostomium

structure

&

slain pattern
(methyl green)

Peristome

structure'

&

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Thoracic

stain

(methyl

green)

Abdominal

stain

(methyl

green)

Distribution
station data

C acuta

Bjuik & Uobjon,

mt

(55-60}

(b)

with lateral
gap

blunt with
sheath on

convex

side

7-12, less
posteriorly
with caps.

last

peristomial

annotation

postlaicral
to dorsal
tentacles

pres.

may

fade

simple

lobe

ventral lip

long, conical
nonstaining

1 large+1 small
simulations/
stains pale

diffuse pale

diffuse

pale

Puget Sound
15-35 m.

C armata

Jlirtuim, 1963

1

{716-25}

(a)

one nolo-
& one
neurospine

curved

2

with 0-2
capillaries

nr.

middorsal

midperistm.

jusipost. 10
dorsal
tentacles

pres.

1

pair

simple
blunt lobe

long, with blunt
ii ns tamed tip/
rest stains

2 annulatious/
stains

ant. parapodia +
interseg. furrows
stain dark

diffuse

pale

S. Calif.
27-180 m.

C. b onset

Blik*. 1996

28-29

1-80}

0>)

no lateral

gap

blunt

slight

curve

7-9

ahem ate
with caps.

dorsomedian
immed.post.
of prolonged
prostomium
(setiger 4*7)

far ant. Lo
dorsal Lent.

on last
peristomial
annulation

absent

simple ring
with
ventral
lobe

long, tapering to ant.
point- extends post,
as ridge to set. 4-7/
tip of prost. intense
stain, rest unstained

intense stain on
both simulations
onto following
setigers

long, V-shaped
area of stain on
dorsum for 5-6
setigers

encircling bands
on each segment
(first 1/3 of body)

none

reported

off San
Francisco,
10-33 m.
subtidal,
sandy
sediments

C

coiumbiatta
BUkt, 1996

105-120

(120-135}

(b)

with Lateral
gaps &
wide dorsal
& ventral
gaps

blunt,
curved,
slight
constrict,
at base/
ventral &
dorsalmost
with

pointed tip

11-12
alternate
with caps.

middorsal at
post, of
peristomium

lateral to
dorsal
tentacles

absent

short lobe
with short
terminal
filament

long, acutely
pointed

tip unstained, rest
intense stain

3+ annul at ions
intense stain

10-15 ant. podial
lobes with intense
stain/ dorsum of
first 25-30
setigers light
speckled bands,
setigers 35-40
bands encircle
body

none

reported

Oregon/

Washington

shallow

subtidal

c

commonafis
BUk«, 1996

38-40

{43-47}

(c)

narrow

lateral and
dorsal gaps
broad

ventral gap

long,

pointed

bent-over

tip

21-23
alternate
with caps.

dorsomedian
middle of
Last

peristomial

annulation

postlaterai
to dorsal
tentacles on
first se tiger

absent

fiat,

saucer! ike
Ipbe

conical, pointed, tip
directed dorsally/
no stain

thickened, 3
distinct an nidations
retaining liulc stain

retaining little
slain

none

reported

Central Calif,
shell'

**{a) Not in obvious cinctures or inconspicuous among capillaries (b) In partial cinctures with obvious dorsal and ventral gaps (c) In complete cinctures with no or only narrow gaps

h:\wordperftchae tzne .tab R.. R.o we 2 6N o v96

SPECIES

Neuro-
podia 1
spines
start on
sc tiger #
{Noto-
poiiiat
spines}

Arrange¬
ment of
spines of
posterior
segments
{see**
bottom
page 1)

Structure

of

posterior

spines

man, # of
acicular
spines per
side

(posterior

neuro+

noto-

fascicles)

Dorsal

tentacle

insertion

Branchiae

insertion
(first pair

of

branchiae)

Eyes

Pygidisl

structure

Proslomium

structure

&

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Peristome

structure

&

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Thoracic

stain

(methyl

green)

Abdominal
stain
(methyl
grcc It)

Distribution
station da la

C. corona

Btrkrtey &.

Berkeley. I»41

1

{8-9}

{to

with lateral
gaps

blunt,

slight

cnive

11-13

with 17-20
caps.

in furrow
between
set. 1 &
peris tom ium

postmedian
to dorsal
tentacles

pres.

blunt lobe

long, narrow, blunt
lip unstained/
rest stains intense

doisally inflated/
large ant.
annulation + 2
short post,
annul at ions/
stains intense

none reported

none

reported

S. Calif.

W. Mexico
Gulf of Calif.
24-119 m.

C gracilis

<Moo«, 1923)

13

{last

prepygidial
segment
only} ;

(a)
obvious
lateral,
dorsal, and
ventral
gaps
between
fascicles

blunt,

slight

curve

6-7

neuropodial
only except
last

prepygidial
segment
with two
notospines
alternating
with caps.

anterior
border of
last

peristomial

annotation

postlaleral
to dorsal
tentacles on
posterior
border of
last

peristomial

annulation

none

re¬

ported

multi

lobed,

small

conical, bluntly
pointed
some stain

large & domed/
overlays the
proslomium &
divided by
indistinct
transverse furrow/
extends posteriorly

some stain

uniform green

?uniform

grcecn

single record
(see Blake,
1996 pg.290)
off Catalina
Island

4016 m.

CL hartmanae

Blikt, 1996

(formerly
Caulleritlla
graciite of

SCAMJT)

~ 33 .

{posterior

segments}

Ob)
obvious
lateral,
dorsal, and
ventral
gaps
between
fascicles

1

neuro
thicker,
recurved,
thick, blunt
tip with
crest of
serrations,
note longer
& thinner |j

8-10

each fascicle
with about
34

alternating

capillaries

posterior
edge of
peristomium

on setiger J
medial to
notosetae

absent

vcnirally

directed

triangular

lobe

elongated, pointed

paJc, uniform stain

J distinct

annul alien and 2-3
weak annulations

pale, uniform slain

pale, uniform
except each
parapodium with
band of speckles
on ant. & post,
edge, extending
to encircle

venurum

dorsum unstained

not reported

S. Calif
shelf and
slopes
fine sand
542-914 m.

C hedgpetki

Bttiu, im

70-115
depending
on size of
specimen
{100-145)

(b)
narrow
lateral,
large
dorsal &
ventral
gaps

curved,
constricted
at base

-14

with

alternating

capillaries

first

an nidation
of

peristomium

second

annulation

of

peristomium
posterior to
dorsal
tentacles

absent

small,

slender,

ventral

lobe

elongate, pear-
shaped, tapering to
long, narrow
anterior end with
rounded tip/
continues
posteriorly as
inflated dorsal crest/
tip unstained, rest
with intense stain

with 2 distinct
annulations

intense stain except
dorsum

parapodia with
stain extending as
weak stripes
across dorsum
vcnioim less
distinctly stained
intersegmental
grooves not
stained

not reported

northern Calif,
intertidal to
shallow
subtidal in
embay me ms

C lunula

Blake, 1996

35-40

{43-45}

(c)

no lateral,
narrow

dorsal and
ventral
gaps

somewhat
sigmoid,
thickened
border,
occasional
veniial-
most bifid
spine

11-12

with

alternating

capillaries

dorsomedian
on posterior
annulation
of

peristomium
at level of
first setiger

lateral to
dorsal
tentacles

pres.

or

absent

short
heavily
glandular
ventral disc
with long,
tapering
anal cimis

elongate, conical,
tapering, bluntly
rounded anterior end

no slain

with 2 distinct
annulations
posterior one
extending posterior
over lint setiger

no stain

transverse streaks
or bands on
posterior margin
of ant. & middle
scligers
broad, dorsal,
intense stain from
-se tigers 25-35

not reported

central Calif,
shelf
77-190 m.

h:\wordpcrf\cEiact 2 nc.tab R.Rowc 26Nov96

SPECIES

Neuro-
podial
spirits
start on
setiger #
{Nolo-
podiai
spines}

Arrange¬
ment of
spines of
posterior
segments
(see**
bottom
page 1)

Structure

of

posterior

spines

max. U or

acicular
spines per
side

(posterior

ncuro+

noto-

fascicles)

Dorsal

tentacle

insertion

Branchiae
insertion
(first pair
of

branchiae)

Eyes

_ <J

II

M =1

cu tS

Prosiomium

structure

&

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Peristome

structure

&.

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Thoracic

stain

(methyl

green)

Abdominal

stain

(methyl

green)

Distribution
station data

C senticosa
Blake, (996

65-80

{80-115}

(b)

almost no
lateral gap
broad

ventral and
dorsal gaps

sigmoid to
sickle-
shaped
constricted
at base

8-9

with

alternating

capillaries

on narrow

annulation

of

peris tom km

postlateral
to dorsal
tentacles on
anterior of
large setiger
! + 2nd
pr. above 1st
setae

not

re¬

ported

triangular
blunt lobe

narrow anteriorly
pointed
fused with
pcrisiomium

no stain

reduced to narrow
annulation
fused to
prosiomium
distinct from scl.l
no stain

entire body
uniformly stains
with

concentrations in
mtcrscgmcnlal
furrows

not reported

central &
northern
Calif,
shallow
cmbaymcius
5-10 m.

C set os a

MaLngren,II67

20-30

{4(M5}

(c)

no lateral
gap

15-17
alternate
with caps.

3rd

peristomial

annulation

lateral to
dorsal
tentacles

small

“longue-

Jikc“

long,

narrow

in Haled
anteriorly

3

vcnlrum + podiai
lobes intense

none

reported

?spccics

reported

cosmopolitan

slight

curve

C spinosa

Mtrn, 1903

21-25
(Calif,)
{notosetae
become
spinous on
more
posterior
seiigers}

(b)

narrow
lateral gap/
dorsal &
ventral
gaps broad

ncuro blunt
(noto retain
sharp tips
until far
posterior
seiigers)

-7

neuro podia!
+~9 sharp
no to pod iai
spines in
Blake’s
figure

dorsoniedian
between
“cordate
head” and
fust setiger

lateral to
dorsal
tentacles on
ant. of
enlarged
first setiger
+ 2nd pr,
above 1st
setae

not

re¬

ported

cupped

ventral

lobe

fused to perislome
forming large,
cordate “head” set
offdistinctly from
setiger l

band of encircling
stain on tip only

fused to
prosiomium
stains only on
dorsal tentacle

scars

no stain

not reported

Japan

280 m.

Calif.

2623-2955 m.

h:\wordpert\chaeun3.tab R.Rowe 26Dcc.%

Chaetozone Malmgren, 1867

City of San Diego Provisional Species

Diagnosis: Prostomium with a conical, blunt or acute anterior margin. Peristomium elongate to short. Dorsal tentacles from peristome or anterior setiger. Body segmentation short,

broad, crowded to longer than wide, or moniliform. Unidentate acicular spines present in neuropodia and usually in notopodia, Bidentate spines present with unidentate spines
in some juveniles or far posterior setigers of some adults. (Diagnosis modified slightly from Blake, 1996)

SPECIES

Neuro-
podial
spines
start on
setiger U
{Noto¬
podia 1
spines}

Arrange¬
ment of
spines of
posterior
segments
(see **
below)

Structure

of

posterior

spines

max. tt of
acicular
spines per
side

(posterior

neuro+

noto-

fascicles)

Dorsal

tentacle

insertion

Branchiae
insertion
(first pair
of

branchiae)

Eyes

Pygidial

structure

Prostomium

structure

&

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Peristome

structure

&

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Thoracic

stain

(methyl

green)

Abdominal

slain

(methyl

green)

Distribution
station data

CspSD l

Rowe, IMt

~30

{-65}

(b)

no lateral,
narrow
dorsal,
broad
ventral
gaps

blunt,
curved
Slightly
constricted
basal ly

12-14

alternate

with

capillaries

last

simulation
of peristome

posterior &
slightly
lateral to
dorsal
tentacles

absent

triangular

ventral

lobe

triangular, blunt
with unstained tip,
rest with pale stain

three annulations/
pale and rapidly
fading stain

stain between
seta) fascicles and
pale on ventrum
of setigers 28-38
(some only)

behind spines
on dorsum
posteriorly

I I P l-2rep.l
July, 1996

108 it.

S. Calif./

No. Mexico

C. sp SD 2

Rowf, 19H

70-95
H4 0}

0>)
narrow
: lateral,
broad
dorsal and
ventral
gaps

blunt,

slightly

curved/last

few

setigers

with

terminally

hooked

setae

10-12

alternate

with

capillaries

last

art mil at ion
of peristome

lateral to
dorsal
tentacles

absent

rounded,

scoop-

shaped

ventral

lobe

pointed, elongate
triangular/ stains
intensely except
anterior tip

three weak and one
distinct
annulations/
no stain

setal fascicle
region and
midvcnlral
funrough with
pale slain

uo stain

ITP 1-2 rep.2
1-3 rep 1

1-16 rep. T

July 1996
85-108 It

S. Cali 17

No. Mexico

**(a) Mot in obvious cinctures or inconspicuous among capillaries (b) In partial cinctures with obvious dorsal and ventral gaps (c) In complete cinctures with no or only narrow gaps

Chaetozone Malmgren, 1867

h:\wordpcrf\chact7n2.lab IT Rowe 26Dec.96

Diagnosis: Prostomium with a conical, blunt or acute anterior margin. Peristomium elongate to short. Dorsal tentacles from peristome or anterior setiger. Body segmentation short,

broad, crowded to longer than wide, or moniliform. Unidentate acicular spines present in neuropodia and usually in notopodia. Bidentate spines present with unidentate spines
in some juveniles or far posterior setigers of some adults. (Diagnosis modified slightly from Blake, 1996)

SPECIES

Neuro-
podial
spines
start on
setiger U
{Noto-
podial
spines)

Arrange¬
ment of
spines of
posterior
segments
(see **
below)

Structure

of

posterior

spines

max, U of
acicular
spines per
side

(posterior

neuro+

noto-

fascides)

Dorsal

tentacle

insertion

Branchiae
insertion
(first pair
of

branchiae)

Eyes

Pygidial

structure

Prostomium

structure

&

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Peristome

structure

&

stain pattern
(methyl green)

Thoracic

stain

(melhyi

green)

Abdominal

stain

(methyl

green)

Distribution
station data

**(a) Mot in obvious cinctures or inconspicuous among capillaries (b) In partial cinctures with obvious dorsal and ventral gaps (c) In complete cinctures with no or only narrow gaps

Sea Grant
Noni ndigenous

Zebra Mussel and 0

ic Nuisance Species

http://www.ansc.purdue.edu/sgnis/

The Sea Grant Nonindigenous Species Site is a peer-reviewed national
information center that contains a comprehensive, searchable, collection of
research publications and education materials produced
by the National Sea Grant College Program.

— Accessing the Sea Grant Nonindigenous Species site via TELNET and MODEM —

t. TELNET: www.ansc.purdue.edu 2. MODEM: 317-496-1440
Login: lynx User: lynx

Password: iynx Enter: r login www.ansc.purdue.edu

Password: iynx

A Great Lakes Sea Grant Network Project

!

r

February, 1997 SCAMIT Newsletter Vol. 15, No. 10

NEXT MEETING:

Discussion of Taxonomic Atlas Vol. 14

GUEST SPEAKER:

None - Megan Lilly (CSDMWWD) leader

DATE:

10 March 1997

TIME:

9:30 am - 3:30pm

LOCATION:

Marine Biology Laboratory, City of San Diego

Suite 201 (upstairs), 4918 N. Harbor Drive
(see attached map)

The March meeting will be held at the City of San
Diego Marine Biology Laboratory. As in previous
meetings to discuss volumes of the MMS
Taxonomic Atlas series, please come equipped with
your copy, and any notes, corrections, comments,
or annotations. This meeting will be followed at a
later date by a second meeting with several of the
authors, to pass on our comments, and hear their
replies. A map to the lab is attached to this
Newsletter.

The April meeting is a Thursday/Friday (10 and 11
April) workshop on cnidarians at Dancing Coyote
Ranch in the mountains behind Vista. Plan ahead
to attend. The meeting announcement is attached.
Since accommodations may be tight please notify
John Ljubenkov if you do plan to be there.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC,

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonotnic purposes .

February, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 10

NEW LITERATURE

None of the papers circulated at the meeting
directly pertain to the taxonomy of invertebrates,
although one paper on fish (Schultz et al 1996)
presents an exciting chemotaxonomic tool we
might also use for invertebrates. The authors
produced a polyclonal antiserum, whose reactions
with extracts of eggs and juveniles of several fish
(snappers - Lutjanidae) showed a diversity of
reaction patterns providing insight into both their
identity, and their presumptive evolutionary
relationships. The authors’ intent in this
investigation was to allow identification of
normally unidentifiable early life history stages.
We have equivalent problems with closely related
species complexes in many local invertebrates.
Perhaps in the future..but not yet. This
technique relies on proteins, which are denatured
during the preservation process.

Fish also form the basis of a paper on long-term
population variability (MacCall 1996). Switching
between warm and cool temperature regimes at
periods of 50-70 years seems to be the underlying
physical structuring factor which is reflected in
radical fluctuation of population density in some
pelagic fishes (anchovy and sardine in our area).
Lack of recognition of cycling with these long
periods leads to major problems in monospecies
fisheries, causing major social and economic
dislocations during the switch from one species to
another. Similar long-term cycling in invertebrate
populations is not yet demonstrated, but probably
occurs.

Shorter term analyses such as those of Stull and
Tang (1996) are more common than the longer
view above, and document variability on an
intermediate temporal scale. In the present paper
the 21 years of data analyzed covers a period of
major change in impact around a domestic waste
discharge into the Southern California Bight.

Long term monitoring of this nature is becoming
increasingly available as programs associated with
discharge permits continue to accumulate data.

Discharge data of a different sort is addressed in
Stull et al (1996) which examines both sediment
contamination and infaunal biota around the same
discharge as the last paper. This paper is the first
in a series, and presents methods used to evaluate
the relationship between infaunal bioturbation and
mobilization of historic pollutant deposits.

The anthropogenic disturbance of species
introduction is considered in two other recent
papers (Lafferty and Kuris 1996, and Moyle and
Light 1996). In the first case the authors discuss
application of the concept of biological control (as
developed in terrestrial systems) to introductions
of exotic species into marine waters. They
conclude that it is possible to attempt control of
marine introductions biologically, but that existing
strategies are inadequate to the task.

A more basic look at the nature of biological
invasions (either natural or anthropogenic) is
taken by Moyle and Light. They present a series
of empirical rules controlling invasions into fresh
water systems. These may or may not apply
equally well to more open marine systems, but
merit our consideration. Their structured
examination of the problem is informative.

Vetter (1996) comments on an apparent
disconnect between species morphology and life
history. We all make inferences of function from
form since experimental information is lacking for
most infaunal species. The wide functional
differences shown by the leptostracans studied by
Vetter point out that such inferences are not
always accurate. If we fail to remember the
underlying assumptions of such inferences, and
indices derived from them, we run the risk of
overstating our results. Vetter’s interesting
cautionary tale about ’'best-guess" inference
should be required reading for us all.

A flyer was received which announced a new
publication of interest to west coast crustacean
workers. Forest & Holthuis (1997) have
produced an annotated facsimile of Milne-
Edwards 1883 "Recueil de Figures de Crustacea

2

February, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 10

nouveaux ou peu connus 1 ', an extremely rare
volume which contains illustrations of animals
described but not previously figured by him.

Although not cheap ($83.20), this new release
offers something very few workers have had, a
chance to see the original illustrations of species
they may routinely encounter. These are
provided on 44 facsimile plates, and, combined
with the authors’ comments and annotations, form
a valuable tool for crustacean folk. The publisher
indicates the edition is limited, but if they sell out
you can bet they Ml print again. It can be ordered
from Backhuys Publishers, P.O. Box 321, 2300
AH, Leiden, The Netherlands, or via E-mail at
backhuys@euronet.nl

MMS ATLAS CORRECTION

In volume 4 of the MMS Atlas on page 247 there
is a mistake in the Hesionidae key. Couplet 12B
describes notosetae present ‘'at least from setiger
4". This is incorrect and does not match the text
description for the corresponding species. The
couplet should read “at least from setiger 5".

Tom Parker - CSDLAC

WSN 97 MEETING

77 th Annual Meeting of the
Western Society of Naturalists
Sponsored by

Universidad Auto’noma de Baja California Sur
(UABCS)

La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
January 8, 9, & 10, 1997

As evidenced by the crowd of approximately
three hundred students of the natural sciences, the
subtropical climes of La Paz were the perfect
choice for this midwinter’s meeting of the
Western Society of Naturalists. The long list of
registrants necessitated holding the morning
symposia in the conference center at the host
Hotel Araiza Inn Palmira and the afternoon four

concurrent contributed paper sessions at the
University (UABCS).

Steven Webster of the Monterey Bay Aquarium
opened Symposium I: The Ecology of the Gulf of
California with a historical perspective on the
relationship of Ricketts and Steinbeck and their
original research in the Sea of Cortez in 1940.

The remaining presentations covered biological-
physical interactions, distribution and dynamics of
seaweed assemblages, corals, and human uses of
the islands of the Gulf of California. The final
presentation by Alejandro Robles-Gonzalez of
Conservation International Mexico, described the
challenges and preservation opportunities
provided for by the establishment of the Northern
Gulf Biosphere Reserve, Symposium II: Desert
Ecology began with a presentation by Paul
Dayton of Scripps Institute of Oceanography. He
has returned for many years to the same desert
location just north of the Gulf of California. And
what better way would a marine biologist spend
his vacation than observing and dissecting the
interactions of desert plants and animals. The
final Symposium III: The Marine Fishes of Baja
California concentrated on those uninteresting
creatures of the sea that possess bony skeletons
and eat many invertebrates.

Over one hundred presentations filled the
afternoon Contributed Paper Sessions. Sessions
concentrated mainly on marine research and
covered larval, invertebrate, molecular and
neurobiology; corals, birds, mammals, algae, sea
grasses, fish, subtidal, pelagic and intertidal
ecology; and marine pollution, biogeography,
introduced species and marine habitat restoration.
Of special interest to SCAMIT were presentations
by John Ljubenkov of MEC Analytical Systems
describing a new species of stinging anemone
from southern California and the Gulf of
California and Mary Wicksten of Texas A & M
University summarizing some of her work on
cleaning commensalism in moray eels and
shrimp.

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The Gulf of California and Baja contain unique
and stunningly beautiful environs. Poorly
regulated fishing practices and increasing
numbers of visitors have negatively impacted
many species and varied habitats. Most
importantly, the Western Society of Naturalists
meetings introduced these problems to many
attendees and provided a forum for discussion of
research on possible solutions.

Rick Rowe - CSDMWWD

SCAMIT ELECTION

It is with pleasure that I report a chink has
appeared in the proverbial armor, and that our
election procedure does leave room for individual
actionf Last year reelection of the current slate of
officers was unanimous, an "iron curtain'' type of
democratic result, since no other candidates were
put forth for the offices. This year, with only the
incumbents running again (by default, since no
other alternatives were offered), I feared a
repetition of last year’s exercise. Rejoice!!! We
actually have write-in candidates this year!! With
18 ballots received, we appear on the way to a
repeat of last year’s result. There is still plenty of
time for someone to pursue a dark horse write-in
candidacy, voting continues until the end of
March. More later. Thanks to those members
who have taken the time to exercise their
mandate, although they are still in the minority.

COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT

We recently received an advertisement for a new
collections management software package called
''Biota". Anyone with direct experience using the
product is encouraged to share it with other
members. The package looks to be a very
comprehensive relational database specifically
designed to handle the complex tasks of biological
collections management. Since all of us keep
collections to one extent or another, we may find
this dedicated product more convenient than
doing the programming required to produce data
entry templates for an existing commercial
relational database. A Macintosh version is

described in the announcement, with a MSDOS
version due in spring 1997, Price is currently
$125, including manual.

The package is a product of Sinauer Associates.
You can receive information on it from them at:
Tel: 413)519-4300, or Fax: 413)549-1118, via
E-mail: orders @sinauer.com or on the web at
http: f/w ww. sinauer. com

KEEPING CURRENT

One challenge all taxonomists face is keeping
their knowledge of nomenclature current. For
those with a somewhat northern affinity, please
intemet-up to the annelid resources web page and
copy off the 1996 version of Orensanz’ "Benthic
Polychaetes of British Columbia and
Washington". This list includes synonymies,
authority, and any possible questionable name
status for over 500 species.

Tom Parker - CSDLAC

AAZN NEWS

The latest newsletter from the American
Association for Zoological Nomenclature
provides an update on the status of the proposed
revisions to the ICZN code which have been
under review for more than a year [see SCAMIT
NL 14(2)]. These revisions will become
provisions of the 4th Edition of the Code if and
when accepted. Comments on the circulated
Discussion Draft of the new edition were received
from many members of the taxonomic
community, and changes to the Draft have
resulted. Unless modified again, these will be
incorporated into the new code. Among the most
interesting are the inversion of precedence with
regard to what are effectively nomina oblita\ a
proposal to abandon the concept of the gender of
generic names, and fix the ending of the specific
epithet as that originally proposed; and a proposal
to require the diagnoses of new nominal taxa in
the Latin alphabet. Further information on the
progress of the Commission towards the next
Code can be had in the AAZN Newsletter. It can

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February, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No, 10

be obtained by joining the AAZN (an act which
also supports the activities of both the AAZN and
the ICZN). Dues are $20.00/year.

Contact: Dr. Allen L. Norrbom, Treasurer
National Museum of Natural History MRC-168
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20560

18 FEBRUARY MEETING

Because of scheduling difficulties the meeting was
canceled at the last minute. Efforts in the days
leading up to the 18th to get the word of the
cancellation out seemed effective, since no one
showed up at the Museum for the meeting. We
replaced the meeting unofficially with a workshop
session held at SCCWRP in Fountain Valley on
the 20th of February. Dr. Ellis spoke over the
course of the day on topics related to long-term
monitoring programs, adding on materials from
the talk on his class experiences (the subject of
the 18th meeting) at days end. We did not totally
miss out, in fact those that were able to switch
their participation from the 18th to the 20th got
more than they would have on the 18th.

SCAMIT members were present in plenty among
the full-house crowd in the SCCWRP conference
room. The days topics were 1) At What Point
recovery?; 2) Permitting and Biological
Collections; and 3) Staffing Strategy for
Monitoring.

The first of these three formed the basis of the
morning session, and provoked considerable
discussion in the audience. Dr. Ellis based much
of this talk on his experience of over 25 years
monitoring the impacts of coastal mining at the
Island Copper Mine (ICM) on Vancouver Island
in British Columbia. Although there is some
difference from the type of monitoring performed
by most members of the audience (continuous vs.
fixed term disposal for instance), the cases are
basically comparable. This morning session
attempted to answer the question "when has a
damaged ecosystem recovered sufficiently that
monitoring it can be stopped or curtailed".

In the ICM case this question is one of
considerable importance to the industry, as
monitoring draws on a dwindling or non-existent
revenue stream after mine closure. Under the
permit in force, responsibility for environmental
monitoring reverts to the state once a "normar
community is in place. A sizable ($M) bond is
posted against undetected damages. In the case of
California dischargers, if damage declines to the
point of being very minor or non-detectable the
frequency or intensity of monitoring may be
scaled back, but it does not end until a discharge
permit is no longer necessary.

Many individual points of interest were covered
during the discussion of the subject, but the meat
was reached at the end, when Dr. Ellis showed us
his proposed model for the recovery process.
Although it was not explicitly stated during the
meeting, it was understood that the same model
could be applied to an ongoing, but changed
discharge. The basic premise of this model is that
the successional sequence leading from an early
colonizing r-type community which characterizes
the site during the height of impact to a fully
recovered benthic community has two distinct
break points. The first of these is at the point
when the successional sequence is fully engaged,
and becomes irreversible succession. The second
is at the point when the succession reaches the
broad and variable "climax community" which is
indistinguishable from normal unimpacted areas.

It is possible that this is equivalent to the
"balanced indigenous population or BIP" with
which anyone who has participated in a 301(h)
application or program is familiar in the US, but I
doubt it. Such a "variable climax" community
seems less exacting than the BIP concept, which
has only limited ability to recognize the inherent
variability of natural populations. As such it
would appear that the Canadian standard as
implemented by Dr. Ellis is more realistic, and a
more reasonable standard than the one demanded
in the US.

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During the morning discussion we also considered
biomass measures. That used in the ICM case
differs radically from that used by monitoring
programs in California. At ICM biomass was
measured on live material retained on a 2mm
screen as the boat returned to the dock.

Organisms passing through the screen were not
considered to be meaningful biomass contributors.
This course was followed for two reasons:
analysis of preliminary data indicated that the
larger individuals were the only ones contributing
significant biomass; and reanalysis of preserved
samples indicated a loss of weight (or sometimes
weight gain) over time. This variation in
preserved weight was seen as an impediment to
comparison both within and between surveys. It
has been reported in the literature repeatedly (see
Ellis 1987 for a summary of previous reports) and
no satisfactory method of determining the
direction and magnitude of change in weight has
been found other than repeated weighing.

Dr. Ellis did not comment on questions of the
relative merits of wet-weight biomass techniques
which grew out of the SCBPP experience. He
suggested we contact Brenda Byrd at the
University of Victoria, who now is handling the
biomass analysis for the ICM project.

The second topic was taken up after a lunch
break. The relationship of biological collections
from monitoring programs to archival institutions
which Dr. Ellis presented is one of considerable
interest locally. Permit requirements for archival
are always lacking in detail (or just plain lacking).
During the SCBPP we initially proposed that
archival be included in the design and budgeting
of the program. This was not done, and the
collection now is struggling to find a home which
will fully accommodate the needs of both the
archival institution, and SCBPP participants. It is
not unusual for archival arrangements to be over¬
looked in program design and budgetting. Dr.
Ellis sheepishly informed us that he himself had
forgotten to include the subject in a draft of a
handbook for mine monitoring programs he and
his wife Katherine are presently preparing.

Dr. Ellis proposed a cooperative arrangement in
which the archival institution also serves a quality
assurance or quality control function. The
question of cost was raised by several in the
audience. Leslie Harris, the only representative
of an archival institution present, attempted to
address the cost issue. It was clear that the
multipurpose involvement Dr. Ellis proposed
would have several layers of cost associated with
it. Costs for archival of voucher collections form
the first level. A second level is required for the
less onerous, but less desirable (from the
archivalists viewpoint) maintenance of the bulk
collections.

A third effort, and an additional source of cost, is
verification of identifications on the part of the
taxonomists at the archival institution. An hour
of time for these outside experts will usually run
several times the cost of the original identifier, a
cost which requires budgetary attention.

The subject of staffing was visited last. The
general conclusion from his point of view was
that during the initial phase of a project outside
expertise and experience should be utilized.

Then, once the design is finalized, and the first
few monitoring efforts have been performed (and
the design modified where necessary), staffing
should be shifted towards in-house. The benefits
of maintaining an on-site staff revolved around
economy, response speed, and ability to
effectively deal with the unpredictability of
weather and other logistic factors. He also
viewed stability as more characteristic of staff
rather than consultants. This was challenged
from the audience, with experience that consultant
staff members may also have low turnover.

We must remember that this is based on the finite
term discharge of the mining industry, and not the
indeterminate term monitoring of municipal waste
dischargers. The difference became apparent
when Dr, Ellis responded to questions about staff
at the end of the project by indicating that some
had been moved to similar projects in other areas,
while others had been terminated as their

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February, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 10

positions became no longer needed. Even so, the
life of many mine projects may roughly equate to
the active working life of potential staff members.

At the end of the day Dr. Ellis briefly reprised the
presentation he had intended to give to SCAMIT
on the 18th about his taxonomy class at the
University of Victoria. Since his retirement the
class has been dropped from their program, but
one of his former students has taken it up at
another university.

Much of the information Dr. Ellis presented to us
was derived from an article he presented in
Marine Pollution Bulletin earlier (Ellis 1988).
Those members who could not be present should
consult this for information on his training
program.

Taxonomy is seldom taught as the primary subject
of a credited course. Dr, Ellis’ class treated the
subject of taxonomy, not the taxonomy of any
given group. It is evident from the number of his
students who have gone on to graduate study on
taxonomic projects, and then to work in applied
taxonomy that his own enthusiasm for the subject
was contagious.

He stressed in his presentation the importance of
the training function, without which we who are
current practitioners are the ”last dinosaurs". Our
replacements will not appear out of thin air, they
must be trained. After some discussion of the sad
status of support for taxonomy world-wide, we
concluded with a resolve to find the appropriate
ears. Most discussions on the state of taxonomy
appear in specialist journals, in museum
cafeterias, or in limited distribution sources such
as the SCAMIT NL. The policy makers who
have some chance of actually increasing the
support for taxonomy are not exposed to any of
this. Until we can find the appropriate forum, all
our discussions will remain "preaching to the
converted", and will yield no additional support
for what we perceive as an essential basis for
nearly every other aspect of organism or
evolutionary biology.

It was a very interesting day, and a chance for us
to interact directly with Derek Ellis, a long-time
member and supporter of SCAMIT. We hope
that next time he is in the area he can join us
again.

Octopus veligero OBSERVED

Megan Lilly (CSDMWWD) reports a specimen of
Octopus veligero taken off Pt. Loma during their
winter trawl sampling. The animal was an
apparently mature male, and was not damaged in
collection. It was returned to the lab and
maintained there for observation and
photography. She indicated that she was not able
to get this specimen to display his typical lateral
brown spots in the field. Only in the laboratory,
and after recovering from capture disturbance did
the animal display. Hopefully Megan will give us
a full report on her observations of this captive
specimen in future.

RARE NUDIBRANCH TAKEN

During the CSDLAC February trawls we were
fortunate in catching two specimens of the rare
deep-water dorid nudibranch Platydoris
macfarlctndi . This species is illustrated by
Behrens (1991. pg. 70) who describes the color
range as pink through deep red. Both of the
specimens taken by us were a pale tan color,
without any pink or red tone. Both had the thin
marginal border of white mentioned by him as
present in some specimens. They are easily
recognized when alive, regardless of color, by the
extreme stiffness of both the foot and notum.

No host sponge was evident in the trawl, and
there was little to indicate that a reef had been
encountered. The two specimens came up
together from a trawl at 137m depth along the
south flank of the Redondo Submarine Canyon.
One went to the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium for
display, and the other was deposited in the
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
collections.

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February, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 10

NEWS FROM THE NORTH

Member Gary Gillingham of Kiimetics Labs in
central California sent down several E-mail
missives recently. One responds to the voucher
sheet for the oedicerotid amphipod Eochelidium
sp A which appeared in the December newsletter.
Gary indicates that the animal was taken in 1993
samples from the Alameda Naval Air Station in
San Francisco Bay, and reported as Eochelidium
cf. miraculum . With the voucher sheets arrival
he now recognizes his animal as the one we also
took down here in 1993 and 1994. As an added
note Don Cadien just encountered the species in
samples from Seattle taken in January 1997. Gary
also sent down a copy of his exchange about the
following resource,

TRITON

Those of you who have searched, laboriously,
through volumes of the Zoological Record for
information on a particular animal or group will
be very interested in the proposed Triton system.
It is intended to make information from the
Record available on the World Wide Web. It will
have both free and subscription based information
resources when completed.

The free part, which should be available now, is
the Name Index. It will provide an index to all
animal names reported in the Zoological Record
from 1979 to the present (hopefully it will be
extended backwards in the future). Each entry
will have author and date (if it did so in the
Record), and will be linked through a taxonomic
hierarchy.

The subscription part will provide full index entry
and bibliographic details for all new and changed
nomenclature associated with an animal name.

Information on costs, availability, and the system
in general are available from Judith Howcroft,
Special Projects Manager, Biosis UK, Garforth
House, 54 Micklegate, York, England, YOl ILF;
via phone at +44 (0)1904 642816 or Fax at +44

(0)1904 612793, by e-mail at jhowcroft@york.
biosis.org or http://www.york.biosis.org/

ELECTRONIC SCAMIT

We moved a number of steps closer to being
boot-strapped into the information age this last
month. SCAMIT now has a website, still getting
it's bugs ironed out at this time, but we have a
site. A big thank you to SCCWRP for providing
us the opportunity to be on-line (they are hosting
us), and to Larry Cooper of that organization for
all his efforts in creating and maintaining the site.

I should add that if you don't like what you see,
blame the SCAMIT officers as Larry is patiently
doing our bidding, If you do like what you see,
then thank Larry for interpreting our desires for
us.

We are not yet available by search. You must
input the address directly for the time being
(http//www.sccwrp.org/scamit/). Within a short
period we should be fully linked, and available to
browsers. We are learning that production of an
on-line Newsletter is not the same as the
production of a paper copy, but a separate and not
necessarily overlapping process.

We would appreciate member s’comments on the
utility of our website to them, the value of having
the Newsletter on-line for review or downloading,
and the likelihood that an on-line Newsletter will
satisfy their needs (so that a paper copy is not
needed). SCAMITs goals in transitioning from
paper to electronic newsletter format are 1) an
increase in availability (broadening of audience),
2) a facilitation of information exchange (more
feedback from users), and 3) a reduction in
production costs.

We expect (once linked) to attract some attention
from other outside interests who are not SCAMIT
members, and have no intention of becoming
members. We welcome them, and hope that they
will find what we do of interest, and worthy of
information exchange. We are even more
interested in our current members, however, and

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February, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 10

worry that you may cease being dues-paying
members if all you value of SCAMIT is freely
available on the net. Let us know how you feel,
please; it's important to us.

THE EDITOR THANKS...

Several of the items in the present Newsletter are
attributed to members other than myself (at least I
think my membership is current...). I thank these
individuals sincerely, both for lessening my own

load, and for broadening the base of comment and
opinion represented. I solicit and welcome all
contributions of any nature (except the truly
scurrilous or extremely obscene) pertinent to the
broader interests of SCAMIT folk, With
expanded representation of the membership in the
Newsletter we all benefit. Or, if you can’t find
the time to prepare an article or note, drop me a
line or e-mail with information I can pass on (as
Gary Gillingham did herein).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BEHRENS, DAVID W. 1991. Pacific Coast Nudibranchs. A Guide to the Opistobranchs Alaska to
Baja California. Sea Challengers: Monterey, California.

BLAKE, JAMES A, Paul H Scott, and Andrew Lissner. (eds.). 1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic
Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and The Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 14 -
Miscellaneous Taxa. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara, California,
U.S.A. 305pp.

ELLIS, DEREK V. 1987. Biomass loss in wet-preserved Reference Collections. Collection Forum
3(l/2):6-8.

—. 1988. Quality Control of Biological Surveys. Marine Pollution Bulletin 19(10):506-512.

FISCHER, PAUL. 1887. Manuel De Conchyliologie et De Paleontogie Conchyliologique. Masson et
Companie, Paris. 1369pp.

FOREST, JACQUES, Lipke B. Holthuis. 1997. A. Milne-Edwards 1 Recueil de Figures de Crustaces
nouveaux ou peu connus, 1883. Novelle edition en fac simile avec des commentaires et
annotations. 128pp. Backhuys Publishers: Leiden, The Netherlands.

LAFFERTY, KEVIN D., and Armand M. Kuris. 1996. Biological control of marine pests. Ecology
77(7): 1989-2000.

MACCALL, ALEC D. 1996. Patterns of low-frequency variability in fish populations of the California
current. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports 37:100-110.

MOYLE, PETER B., and Theo Light. 1996. Biological invasions of fresh water: Empirical rules and
assembly theory. Biological Conservation 78(1-2): 149-161.

SCHULTZ, DUANE R., Patricia I. Arnold, Thomas R. Capo, Claire B. Paris-Limouzy, Joseph E.

Serafy, and William J. Richards. 1996. Immunologic methods for species identification of early
life stages of lutjanid fishes from the western central Atlantic . 1. Characterization of an
interspecies protein. Fishery Bulletin 94(4):734-742.

STIMPSON, WILLIAM. 1907. Report on the Crustacea (Brachyura and Anomura) collected by the
North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
44(1717): 1-240.

STULL, JANET K., Donald J. P. Swift, and Alan W. Niedoroda. 1996. Contaminant dispersal on the
Palos Verdes continental margin .1. Sediments and biota near a major California wastewater
discharge. Science of the Total Environment 179(1-3):73-90.

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Vol. 15, No, 10

STULL, JANET K., and Chi-Li Tang. 1996. Demersal fish trawls off Palos Verdes, southern
California, 1973-1993. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports
37:211-240,

VETTER, ERIC W. 1996. Life-history patterns of two Southern California Nebalia species
(Crustacea:Leptostraca): The failure of form to predict function. Marine Biology
127(1): 131-141.

Haliotis tuberculatus in life (from Fischer 1887)

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers,

e-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President Don Cadien (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5544 cam@san.ci.la.ca.us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1-4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5 - 7 (compilation).$ 15.00

Volumes 8-14 .$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

10

CITY OF SAN DIEGO'S MARINE BIOLOGY LABORATORY

DLO

Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists

PRESENTS
a two day Workshop on

THE TAXONOMY OF BENTHIC CNIDARIA

emphasizing the fauna of So. California and adjacent Regions

Sessions on: Hydrozoa (including Polyorchis, Corymorphine Hydroids and their
medusae, genus Plumularia , and Anthozoa (including burrowing anemones, gorgonians,
sea pens and other octocorals). Participants are urged to bring specimens of problematical
onidaria which in combination with our collection will provide the basis of specimens for
examination.

APRIL 10 and 11, 1997

held from 9 am to 4 pm each day at

DANCING COYOTE RANCH

20355 HWY 76, Pauma Valley, CA.

If you would like to attend please contact:

John Ljubenkov at P.O. Box 781, Pauma Valley, CA 90261, phone 619-742-2238
or fax: J, Ljubenkov @ MEC Analytical Systems, 619-931-1580.

If you are coming from a distance and need somewhere to stay there are motels and
campgrounds, or camping for free on the Ranch, but please make contact for more
information.

March, 1997 SCAMIT Newsletter voi. 15, no . 11

NEXT MEETING:

Workshop - The Taxonomy of Benthic Cnidaria

GEEST SPEAKER:

Moderator - John Ljubenkov

DATE:

10-11 April 1997

TIME:

9am - 4pm each day

LOCATION:

Dancing Coyote Ranch, 20355 Hwy 76,

Pauma Valley, California

Polyorchis (from Hyman, 1940. The
Invertebrates, Volume 1 - Protozoa-Ctenophora)

APRIL 10-11 WORKSHOP

Our April meeting has been replaced with a two
day workshop titled Taxonomy of Benthic Cnidaria
emphasizing the fauna of So. California and
adjacent regions. Sessions on Hydrozoa and
Anthozoa are planned, with particular attention to
Polyorchis , corymorphine hydroids and their
medusae, Plumularia, burrowing anemones,
gorgonians, sea pens and other octocorals. Bring
problem specimens, of which there should be no
lack. Please contact John @ 619)742-2238 for
directions, information, to indicate attendance, or
for help arranging accommodations for
overnighting.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes .

March, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 11

NEW LITERATURE

A variety of new papers were distributed at the
meeting for member examination. Two dealt with
echinoderms, which form the backbone of
Taxonomic Atlas Volume 14, our discussion topic
for the meeting. Both concerned holothuroids,
with Rodgers & Bingham (1996) addressing the
subtidal zonation of the eastern Pacific Cucumaria
lubrica , and Foster & Hodgson (1996) examining
the relationships between gut morphology,
tentacle morphology, and feeding in five South
African cucumbers.

The population of C. lubrica used as the basis of
the first paper was from Anacortes, Washington.
Responses of the species in southern California
waters are probably quite similar. The authors
found the population distributed within fairly
distinct depth bands, apparently based largely on
the responses of the animals to light.

The South African species examined in the second
paper had three different tentacle morphologies;
dendritic, modified dendritic, and peltate. The
authors found these morphological differences to
reflect differences in food substrate used. Species
which had a high proportion of plant matter in
their diet also showed elongation of the gut to
provide additional time for digestion of cellulose
in the food.

Sudo & Azeta (1996) report on life history and
secondary production of the Japanese amphipod
Byblis japonicus. This species does not occur in
the Eastern Pacific, but is not too different from
the local B . veleronis. The authors review all
previous life history information on ampeliscid
amphipods; a useful reference.

The extent to which a single fish population can
affect a benthic crustacean one was detailed by
Berghahn (1996). He reports on an invasion of
juvenile whiting in 1990, which caused localized
near extinction of a shrimp (Crangon crangon) in
the Wadden Sea. Although isolated, such severe
depredations are not unique events. They appear

to be a recurrent feature involving several gadoid
fishes, with records from 1959, 1970, 1983, and
19th century European waters. Happily the
shrimp population recovered within one year in
the most recent episode.

Krueger & Cavanaugh (1997) discuss a closer
relationship between two disparate populations;
that of species in the clam genus Solemya and
their bacterial symbionts. Given the closeness of
their relationship one would assume them to have
co-evolved from one seminal symbiotic event.
Comparisons of 16S rRNA genes in a series of
symbiont species indicate this is not so. The
relationship with Solemya seems to have been
independently established on a number of
occasions. Some of the bacterial symbionts are,
for instance, much more closely related
genetically to symbionts of lucinid bivalves than
to species symbiotic with other Solemya species.

The role of gastropod egg eapsules in shielding
the developing young of intertidal species from
harmful exposure to ultraviolet light is discussed
by Rawlings (1996). He found that in Nucella
emarginata the capsule decreased UV-A by 45 %
and UV-B by 95 %, protecting the contained
embryos. Removal of capsules resulted in higher
embryo mortality. Although this type of capsule
is not a response to ozone-hole developments,
species which invested in heavier, more UV
protective egg capsules are now reaping an
increased benefit from the recent increases in UV
exposure intensity.

Taxonomic difficulties in the conid gastropod
genera Oenopota and Propebela were investigated
by Lundberg et al (1996) using cladistic methods.
Although the group of species they considered
were from the north Atlantic, much the same
problems would be encountered with the north
Pacific and Arctic members of these genera
(rampant homoplasy for one). Using the 23 north
Atlantic species, their analysis indicated that
Propebela was a monophyletic clade, while
Oenopota was paraphyletic. Their data matrix
included 26 morphological characters derived

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from die shells, radulae, and operculi of the
animals. No anatomical characters were used,
since they are, in most cases, unknown. A much
stronger and more definitive analysis involving
anatomical characters remains to be performed by
someone with a considerable amount of time to do
dissections and anatomical evaluations of the
many species. Such an analysis would provide a
much broader spectrum of characters for analysis,
perhaps allowing some of the more homoplasious
to be eliminated.

The paper by Bavestrello et al (1996) provided
observations on the relationships between the
colonial hydroid Eudendrium glomeratum and its
associated epifauna. While this hydroid is from
the Mediterranean, we have a local species
0 Eudendrium rameum ) which probably has very
similar types of relationships with it’s associates.
The most interesting observations were of a
clepto-commensal relationship with a caprellid.
The caprellid would allow the hydroid hydranths
to catch prey, and then steal them for it’s own
consumptionf Perhaps human behavior isn’t so
different after all (sounds a lot like some advisor/
grad student situations to me). Relationships with
predatory aeolid nudibranchs and pycnogonids
were also discussed.

DEAR VICE-PRESIDENT GORE.,*

We also circulated at the meeting a letter sent
down via E-mail by member Gary Gillingham
(KLI) who thought we might be interested either
individually or as an organization. It was to be
sent to Vice-President Gore to call his attention to
the intensifying crisis caused by alien species
invasions of North American ecosystems. It was
authored by a group of scientists from various
disciplines. They solicited further signitors who
felt that the problem they described required
higher national priority. Several of the members
present expressed interest. The deadline for
submission was 14 March, so if you did not find
out about this prior to this Newsletter, your
chance of signing has passed. Sorry to not have
provided a heads-up earlier.

MINUTES OF THE 10 MARCH MEETING

After our business meeting and circulation of the
literature items mentioned above we proceeded to
our discussion. Leader Megan Lilly usually kept
us to our path, but a few digressions occurred.

We began our examination of Volume 14 of the
Taxonomic Atlas Series (Blake et al 1996) with
the echinodemis. In general we were all pleased
with the volume, and considered it a valuable
edition to the series. Most of the comments
received had to do with minor errors and
discrepancies in the texts. Chapter 4. Phylum
Echinodennata provoked no comment.

Chapter 5, Class Crinoidea was singled out as a
fine discussion of the one included species,
something which can serve as a model to strive
for in future. There was an omission in the first
literature citation on Pg. 93, where the year of
publication of Bernard and Ziesenhenne’s paper
(1961) was left out.

Chapter 6. Class Asteroidea seemed to have some
problems with literature citation,

♦ The citation of "Lambert, 1945” onpg. 102
and subsequently throughout the chapter should
read "Lambert, 1981”.

♦ Citation of "Morris et al, 1980” on pg, 109
should read "Feder, 1980".

♦ References to "Lissner, 1980” and "Lawrence,
1987” throughout the chapter are not supported
by inclusion of these references in the Literature
Cited. They are included in the bibliography at
the end of this newsletter so you can add them to
your copy.

♦ A more serious problem was the misattribution
of authorship for the taxon Astropecten verrilli
(pg. 101 and 104). According to Maluf (1988)
the author of this species is de Loriol, and date of
publication is 1899; there should not be
parentheses around the author/date.

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♦ We also disagree with the statement that A.
verrilli is the only Astropecten occurring north of
San Pedro, California (pg, 105). Astropecten
armatus are taken well to the north in the Santa
Barbara Channel, and possibly north of Pt.
Conception. Channel occurrences are
documented by voucher specimens collected
during the SCBPP in 1994, Astropecten
omatissimus is still known from too few
specimens for it’s distribution to be accurately
determined. Although no specimens are yet
known from north of San Pedro, it may have been
reported in the past as A . verrilli , masking a more
northern distribution.

♦ On page 105 the name Verrill is misspelled (as
Verill) in the authorship of Hippasteria spinosa .

♦ On page 106 Pteraster tesselatus is misspelled
(as P . tessalatus ) in a parenthetical entry under
"Biology".

♦ On pg 110, in the second sentence in the
Description section - the word "longer" in
regards to arm/disc ratio, should be replaced with
"larger". The word "are" should be inserted after
the word "ratio" at the beginning of the third
sentence.

These are for the most part quite trivial errors,
but since these volumes are likely to receive use
for some time as sources, we should do our best
to catch and correct even the trivial errors so they
are not inadvertently perpetuated under the guise
of authority.

Chapter 7. Class Ophiuroidea. Generally we
found this chapter to be very well done, and,
except for the complete lack of a key, easy to use.

♦ Spencer and Wright (1966), mentioned several
times on pg. 115 is omitted from the literature
cited list.

♦ On pg. 137, in the third paragraph of the
Description section, the author states "Generally

5 oral papillae." We feel this is a typo and should

read "Generally 4 oral papillae", as we can only
count 4 oral papillae in the formula presented.

♦ On pg. 148 under Remarks we felt the
statement "distinctions between nominal
Amphiura and Amphioplus species with 4 pairs of
oral papillae can be baseless." could use some
further amplification. Perhaps Dr. Hendler can
be persuaded to provide some at a future meeting.

♦ On pg. 150 the synonymy of Amphioplus
hexacanthus with Dougaloplus amphacanthus will
have to be discussed with Dr. Hendler. While it
is clear from his type examination that the two
species are synonyms, we have been applying the
name A, hexacanthus to an entity which differs
markedly from D. amphacanthus in disk
morphology. What should it be referred to?
Certainly not to D. amphacanthusl

♦ On pg. 160 the final paragraph indicates that
preserved specimens of Ophiuroconis bispinosa
"retain considerable pigmentation". This has not
been observed by those members present, except
for possibly one instance. Does handling of our
preserved material differ from that of the
museum?

Chapter 8. Class Echinoidea. Once again some
difficulty with the literature citations.

♦ Lambert and Thiery, 1924 (pg. 189) were not
included in the literature citations.

♦ In the discussion under Biology of
Allocentrotus fragilis the statement "Their feeding
is characterized as predator-scavenger, * was not
consistent with the experience of the members
present. All of us who have seen these animals
broken open have found sediment filled guts,
hardly the hallmark of a predator or scavenger. It
is suggested that the common appearance of these
animals around food falls (Lissner, pers. obs.) is
an opportunistic behavior which differs from the
norm for this animal. It may be that our
observations around wastewater discharges are
also atypical for the species as a whole, and that

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they are opportunistically feeding as sediment
swallowing surface deposit feeders in areas of
high sediment organic content. Discussions with
the authors would be valuable.

♦ The side-by-side illustrations of peripetalous
fascioles (Figure 8.7) and subanal fascioles
(Figure 8.9) of Brissopsis pacifica and Brisaster
latifrons were very useful. They should help
dispel any lingering difficulties in separating these
animals during field sampling.

♦ The literature citation for Nichols et al (pg.

194) is incorrect. It should read Estuarine
Coastal Shelf Science 29: 171-182,

♦ Thompson, Tsudada. Laughlin and Moylen.
1987a (pg. 194) should read Thompson, Tsukada,
Laughlin and Moylen. 1987.

Chapter 9. Class Holothuroidea. Unfortunately
the near-shore high-energy sand bottom species
Paracaudina chilensis (J. Muller 1850) was
inadvertently left out of this otherwise
comprehensive treatment of the California fauna.
This animal is described in some detail in Hozawa
(1928), and discussed by Clark (1907) and
Ohshima (1929). Dr. Bergen has seen and
identified specimens from the area, but neglected
to include them. Aside from this lack most
comments were laudatory. The general consensus
was "aaaah, at last it’s out.”

♦ In the key on pg. 203, couplet 6 will require
modification to include Paracaudina chilensis. A
suggested fix is being worked on, but will require
location and reexamination of specimens of this
infrequently encountered species. At issue is the
nature of the tentacles. Dr. Bergen suspects that
they will be interpreted as more like those of
molpadiids, and would key that way. An
additional couplet to distinguish Molpadia from
Paracaudina on the basis of ossicle form, and
lack of phosphatic bodies would be added.

♦ Later in the key, on pg. 206, couplet 30A
should read - "Spire of supporting tables

bifurcate"; while couplet 30B should read - "Spire
of supporting tables multifurcate".

♦ On pg 229 in the last sentence of the first
paragraph, the first "P, lubricus" should read
f ‘P. astigmatus ".

Chapter 10. Hemichordata: Enteropneusta. Dean
Pasko has been applying this chapter to the
material from San Diego, and has found two of
the genera, Schizocardium and Stereobalanus . He
showed us examples of the two. His method of
separating them involves a simple cut across the
proboscis so that it’s internal structure can be
clearly seen. As shown in Figure 10.2, the four
genera which occur in the area have distinctly
differing proboscis cross-sections. This is a step
in the right direction, allowing us to get far
beyond our previous limits in identifying the
animals. While we may have several species in
some of these genera, we must content ourselves
with unambiguous placement within genera for
the time being.

♦ In Key I. on pg 255, couplet 3 is internally
contradictory as regards the length of the
proboscides of the two choices. In 3B
Schizocardium is characterized as having
"Proboscis not elongate, generally ovate" while
later on in the same line the proboscis is described
as "3x length, 5x width of Saccoglossus ! \ Since
Saccoglossus was characterized as having
"Elongate cylindroid proboscis" in 3A, one is left
to ponder the definition of the term elongate.

Chapter 11. Phylum Chordata: Subphylum
Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea. Although
Gretchen Lambert could not join us for the
meeting she sent us greetings through John
Ljubenkov. She also provided us with
information on contacting her. The telephone
system at Cal State Fullerton is being revamped,
and her number is changing. She can be reached
at 714)773-3481 (or FAX @714] 773-3426) until
March 26. After that date her number will
become 714)278-3481 (or FAX 714] 278-3426).
Her E-mail address is glambert@fullerton.edu.

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We had no comments on her chapter except a
general pleasure in having it available. As of yet
none of us have tried to apply the key.

Chapter 1. The Brachiopoda. This chapter held
few surprises for us because of the presentation
that Dr. Hochberg gave SCAMIT in 1993 on the
same subject.

♦ We noted that the attribution of the species
Laqueus californianus to "Koch, 1848" in the
SCAMIT list is incorrect according to the usage
on pg. 9, It is correctly used with parentheses as
on pg. 9 and will be changed in Ed. 3 of the
SCAMIT list.

♦ In couplet 4 of the Key (pg. 10) we disagree
with the wording of 4B. All of the Terebratulina
crossei taken during the SCBPP were translucent,
and would not key properly here. We have no
suggested fix, and will hope for some replacement
from Dr. Hochberg.

♦ On pg 16 under the Diagnosis section of
Frieleia the author states "both valves may be
somewhat sulcate". This is at variance with the
statements in the key circulated during the 1993
SCAMIT meeting, and perhaps also with the
illustration of Frieleia halli (Figure 1.6), which is
essentially non-sulcate. We assume that the
reference is to the vanishingly small median
indentation in the anterior margin which gives the
slightly bi-lobed appearance noted for F. halli.

We need clarification from Dr. Hochberg.

♦ On pg 19 under Biology the statement "appears
to be solitary" is at variance with our experience
in the SCBPP. In several shelf-break coarse
sediment trawl samples from that program we
found the species both in monospecific clusters of
numerous individuals, and in mixed clusters with
Laqueus californianus.

♦ On pg 20 near the bottom of the page
Terebratulina unquicula should be T, unguicula.

♦ On pg 23 near the bottom of the second

paragraph oxygen is given a rather innovative
spelling. That we can only find such trivial errors
to comment on is a tribute to the quality of this
chapter. By the way, the plates are remarkably
clear and detailed, displaying the subtle
differences in surface structure and sculpture
which are important in species differentiation.

Chapter 2. Phylum Sipuncula. Unfortunately the
author was not able to make full use of the recent
monograph on the sipunculids by Cutler (1994)
which arrived too late for much inclusion.

♦ On pg 57 we have some conceptual difficulty
with the distributions listed for Nephasoma
diapkanes diaphanes and Nephasoma diaphanes
corrugatum. We fail to see, for one thing, how a
cosmopolitan animal can be subdivided into
subspecies based on morphological rather than
distributional grounds. If they are not separable
at specific level, then their overlapping
distributions become incompatible with any
concept of population isolation (especially in
broadcast spawning animals such as these). Until
some information is made available to suggest a
method of reproductive isolation (ie. differences
in spawning timing, sperm-egg chemical
incompatibility, etc.) these two should be viewed
as either separate species or ecophenotypic
variants rather than as subspecies.

We suspect that N. diaphanes is a complex of
closely related sibling species and not a single
cosmopolitan taxon. Cutler suggests this as a
possibility for all sipunculid "cosmopolitan"
species in his discussion of zoogeography (1994
pg. 320). Under the circumstances, the author’s
choice not to differentiate the subspecific taxa is
the appropriate one, and one that SCAMIT will
also follow.

♦ Much the same zoogeographic concerns
prompted us to reject (for the moment) the
synonymy of what we had previously called
Onchnesoma sp A with Phascolion Intense on pg.
57. We accept the transfer to Phascolion , but
believe that a synonymy with P . lutense is

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VoL 15, No. 11

premature. SCAMIT will treat this as Phascolion
sp A * believing it very unlikely that it is the same
taxon whose type-locality is at 53 °S in 3658m! It
remains a possibility that the two may be the
same, but the case is not yet proven to our
satisfaction. One additional point: San Diego
specimens of Onchnesonta sp A were submitted to
Cutler* who found them probably identifiable with
Phascolion hupferi , in a different subgenus than
P. Intense . Inclusion of Figure 2.3E (pg 58) is
regrettable, as it is far below the standard in
evidence elsewhere throughout the volume, and
adds nothing to the description of the animal.

Chapter 3. Echiura. We have needed an update
of Fisher for sometime, not because it was
inadequate, but to assure us that we were not
missing recent changes.

♦ The key (pg. 71) is unfortunately not parallel*
making it harder to use than it need be.

♦ Members asked about the visibility of the
"inconspicuous longitudinal muscle bands" of
Listriolobns hexamyotus (pg. 72) and were
reassured that they are visible through the skin on
most specimens, and could be clearly seen on
dissection. This species is usually too deep to
occur in the sampling programs of SCAMIT
agencies, but may occur in shallower water near
the heads of submarine canyons. It has been taken
in the past in Orange County near the head of the
Newport Submarine Canyon in less than 30m.

♦ On pg. 75 members might add at the end of the
Description of Arhynchite californicus that in life
the animal is a very deep forest green, a pigment
that comes off on one's hands and will stain them
if not promptly removed. Where the tissue is
thinnest the green is very bright; almost
flourescent.

♦ On pg. 77 members might add at the end of the
Description of Nellobia eusoma that in life the
animal is forest green like Arhynchite californicus
but is less densely pigmented than that species. It
has been taken from burrows in compacted clay

from emergent clay reefs on offshore bottoms by
CSDLAC. The burrows were probably
constructed by co-occurring sipunculids* and
invaded by the Nellobia when vacant* as they do
not appear to have a tough enough exterior to
burrow for themselves.

♦ On pg. 79 the reference to Thompson (1979)
should be in the Proceedings of the Taxonomic
Standardization Program.

The members who participated were well satisfied
with Volume 14, and with the work of the authors
who contributed to it. We also feel that the
editors did an excellent job of pulling together
contributions of considerably varying coverage
and style into a coherent whole. We will be
routinely using this volume for quite some time.
Thanks to Megan for her artful direction of the
proceedings, and for maintaining the composite
set of notes which served as the basis for these
minutes.

WHEREFORE ART THOU P. albal

We often get excited about the appearance of a
new benthic community member in our area (i.e.
Philine auriformis), but we frequently allow the
absence or severe decline of populations to go
unremarked. The large lens-shaped philinid snail
which formerly graced our trawl catches, P . alba ,
is a case in point. It was in the past an animal
frequently taken in trawls at mid to outer shelf
depths, but I have seen it only rarely in recent
years (the last CSDLAC specimen was trawled in
1987). A large animal, it was probably
longevous, surviving perhaps for a decade or
more (speculation on my part - life span of the
animal is undocumented). Although it’s egg mass
is not described, P. aperta , an apparent ecological
analogue in European waters, has many small
eggs and planktotrophic veligers (Schaefer 1996).

I assume P. alba was/is k-selected, with either
low-level continuous recruitment or episodic
higher level recruitment events. If so, we have

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probably experienced partial or complete failure
of recruitment for a number of years. This would
jibe with my total inability, despite examination of
a large number of benthic grabs taken from a
wide variety of places, to Find any juvenile P,
alba . I thought I had done so on several
occasions, but on further examination the animals
always proved to be something else. Have any
readers encountered any juveniles? How about
recent observations of adults?

We can only speculate on why such failures might
have occurred. My suggestion would be that the
larval recruitments were severely affected by the
same causes which yielded a 70% decline in near¬
shore zooplankton populations over the last
several decades. A climatic connection was
indicated for this decline (see Roemmich &
McGowan 1995), but the exact mechanism is
unclear. Other guesses? Other cases of severe
decline or apparent local extinction? Submit
entries in the "Great Explanation Derby" to the
editor.

SUGGESTED WEB LINKS

Several members have contributed suggested links
to other web sites of interest to SCAM IT
members for inclusion in our website. So far we
have had the Opisthobranch Newsletter Site,
Bernard Picton’s nudibranch site, Gary
McDonald's Opisthobranch systematic site and
the Ascidian Homepage suggested. Other links
are welcome; make your suggestions. We will
try to provide what you, as members, will find
most useful.

ELECTRONIC FILING

Several out-of-area members attempted to vote in
the SCAMIT election electronically, by E-mail
submission of their ballots. Unfortunately we are
not able to count this type of input. The official
SCAMIT ballots distributed with your printed
newsletter are the only acceptable votes. Sorry.
This restriction comes from our organizational
charter, and also prevents us from voting by

"show of hands" during a meeting. We will have
to reconsider this provision as our activities
move more into the electronic domain. At
present, and for the foreseeable future, we need
your vote on the paper ballot.

ASC NEWS

The most recent newsletter from the Association
of Systematic Collections contains a most
interesting opinion article on the valuation of
natural history collections (Fitzgerald 1997). The
author suggests that there are several methods of
valuation, and that each requires a different set of
assumptions about the purpose of the collection.
Most of us have not considered our collections to
have a dollar value associated with them.

Perhaps it is time to consider their value, as
society as a whole is in the midst of a large re¬
prioritization of it’s financial allocations. I
recommend this article as a stimulating push into
discussion of collections valuation.

The newsletter also contained a mention of the
ASC web site, which will likely become one of
SCAM IT’s linked sites. Until then you can find
them at http://www.ascoll.org. They also provide
a variety of links to other sites of probable
interest, Surfs Up!

NAMIT NOTES

The latest edition of the NAMIT newsletter has
just been received. It announces an upcoming
workshop on Nemertea and Cnidaria with Steven
Hulsman addressing the former and John
Ljubenkov the latter. It will take place on Friday
and Saturday June 13-14 at the Port Townsend
Marine Science Center, Fort Worden State Park,
Port Townsend, WA. Interested parties are
encouraged to attend. If you are planning to do
so please contact Maggie Dutch, NAMIT c/o
Washington State Dept, of Ecology, Ambient
Monitoring Section, PO Box 47710, Olympia,
WA 98504-7710 or via FAX @ 360)407-6884, or
E-mail at mdut461@ecy.wa.gov. Based on the

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Vol. 15, No. 11

newsletter, NAMIT is getting it’s house
increasingly in order, and progressing nicely.

Our congratulations and best wishes to our sister
organization to the north.

SCBPP ANALYSIS UPDATE

Most SCAMITeers were involved to some extent
in the Southern California Bight Pilot Project
(SCBPP). Once field work and sample analysis
was completed (in 1994 and 1995 respectively)
the project dropped from most members' view.
Our involvement has continued through
participation of some members in committees
handling the data generated. It is now 1997, and
we have yet to have a report in hand to allow
examination of the fruits of our labors. Why, you
ask?

Preliminary results were presented at both the
1995 and 1996 Southern California Academy of
Sciences Meetings, and work towards final report
preparation has continued unabated.

One of the factors which has delayed the process
was the extensive Quality Control effort and
production of metadata required. Another factor
was the desire to analyse the data with other than
"canned 1 ' approaches. Our goal in the project is
to produce analyses which can inform regulators
and managers simply and unequivocally about the
extent to which the study area as a whole has
been impacted by man’s activities. Along the
way, as we discarded measure after measure as
potential analytic tools, we found that to do
justice to the data a new tool was required.

Consequently the benthic analysis committee has
been involved over the last 2+ years in the
development of a new benthic index to combine
the best features of Dr. Bob Smith’s Index 5, and
Dr. Jack Word’s Infaunal (Trophic) Index. The
design phase of this project is over, and we are
now beginning verification testing of what
appears to be a very powerful new tool for
teasing out anthropogenic influence (at present
mostly wastewater discharge) from background

natural variability. As we live in a particularly
variable area, with alternating warm and cool
current regimes bringing both northern and
southern species into our "California Transition
Zone" (Newman 1979), our data provides a
challenging test of the new measure.

With all of the data thoroughly modified to
remove taxonomic inconsistancies, and with the
new analysis tool in hand we are very close to the
end of the road. All that remains is the final
computer analyses, a brief period of pondering
the meaning of all those printouts, and the writing
of the report(s). Although the schedule is still in
flux, we will have the final report out this year,
and sooner, rather than later.

RAMBLINGS & RUMINATIONS

I have an interest in popular cosmology, feeling
that it provides stimulating reading. I was
reading a book about new developments recently
when the author discussed the conceptual change
introduced by Thomas Kuhn in his "The Structure
of Scientific Revolutions".

Kuhn introduced the concept of paradigm shift to
account for wrenching direction changes in the
history of science. It is during these changes that
theories long considered close to received truth
are discarded and replaced by radically different
explanations of the natural world. It occurred to
me (while reading about paradigm shift in origin
of the universe terms) that the common
phenomenon of finding an animal as soon as it is
described (but usually not before) is directly
related to "paradigm shifting" in our gestalt
perceptions of organisms.

It has always amazed me that I seem to fmd an
animal right after it’s description. It is as if the
animal were newly created, and appears
everywhere at once. What I assume is really
happening is that our perceptions of reality are
being modified to accommodate this new gestalt,
and differentiate it from those most similar to it.
Thus the process of "learning to distinguish" a

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Vol. 15, No. 11

species is one of modifying one's perception of
reality by subtle shifting of the paradigm.

Of course, in some cases, there really is de novo
appearance of an animal in an area related to
invasion from elsewhere (ala Philine auriformis),
but usually the organism has been right under our
noses mixed up with something else. Taxonomic
inertia (the tendency to view an unknown
organism as at most a variant of what we already
know) leads us to "shoe-homing ,f - forcing a
specimen into a taxonomic category not quite big
enough to contain it.

The practice is often expedient, as the alternative
is a complete and thorough examination of the
specimen and other related specimens; a time
consuming option. Often the shoe-homed animals
really do belong in an existing taxon, and only
represent unreported variability within the
population. Sometimes, however, the process
prevents recognition of sibling species,
submerging them within a broadly defined
variable taxon.

Drawing the line between what is and what is not
sufficiently different to warrant description as a
new taxon is still an art rather than a science.

The introduction of testability for taxonomic
hypotheses through cladistic analysis is one of the
most attractive aspects of cladistics. It offers
(within limitations) replacement of a subjective
determination of taxon boundaries by a less artful,
but more repeatable procedure. It is one of the
most persuasive reasons to move to a cladistic, or
combined cladistic/phenetic based taxonomy.

If the sort of gestalt paradigm shift described
above is really what happens when we are
challenged to add another element to our
taxonomic universe, then the new finding of new
species would be expected. Then again, it may
be nothing more that the existence of a label
providing an improved basis for communication.

-Don Cadien

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BAVESTRELLO, GIORGIO, Carlo Cerrano, Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti, and Michele Sara. 1996.

Relations between Eudendrium glomeratum (Cnidaria, Hydromedusae) and its associated vagile
fauna. Scientia Marina 60(1); 137-143.

BERGHAHN, RUDIGER. 1996. Episodic mass invasions of juvenile gadoids into the Wadden sea and
their consequences for the population dynamics of brown shrimp fCrangon crangon) . Marine
Ecology - Pubblicazioni Della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli I 17(1-3):251-260.

BLAKE, JAMES A, Paul H Scott, and Andrew Lissner, (eds.). 1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic
Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and The Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 14 -
Miscellaneous Taxa. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara, California,
U.S.A. 305pp.

CLARK, HUBERT L. 1907. The apodous holothurians: a monograph of the Synaptidae and

Molpadiidae (including a report on the representatives of these families in the collections of the
United States National Museum). Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 35(1723): 1-231.

CUTLER, EDWARD B. 1994. The Sipuncula: Their Systematics, Biology, and Evolution. Cornell
Univeristy Press, Ithaca, New York. 453pp.

FITZGERALD, GERALD R. 1997. Collections Valuation: Opportunity or Crisis? ASC Newsletter
25(1): 1, 3.

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March, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 11

FOSTER, GREG G., and Alan N. Hodgson. 1996. Feeding, tentacle and gut morphology in five

species of southern African intertidal holothuroids (Echinodermata). South African Journal of
Zoology 31(2):70-79.

HoZAWA, SANJI. 1928. On the changes occuring with advancing age in the calcareous deposits of
Caudina chilensis (J. Muller). Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, 4th series,
Biology 3(3):361-377.

KRUEGER, DANA M., and Colleen M. Cavanaugh. 1997. Phylogenetic diversity of bacterial
symbionts of Solemva hosts based on comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63(l):91-98.

LAMBERT, JULES and Paul Thi6ry. 1909-1925. Essai de Nomenclature Raisonn£e des Echinides.
Chaumont: Librairie L. Ferriere. 607pp.

LAWRENCE, JOHN M. 1987. A Functional Biology of Echinoderms. The John Hopkins University
Press: Baltimore. 340pp.

LISSNER, ANDREW L. 1980. Asteroidea collected during the BLM Survey of the Southern
California Bight, 1975-1978. Proceedings of the Taxonomic Standardization Program,
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP) 8(2):2-12.

LUNDBERG, JO AKIM, Christoffer Schander, and Oystein Stokland. 1996. A preliminary cladistic
analysis of North Atlantic Qenopota Moerch, 1852 and Propebela Iredale, 1918 (Gastropoda:
Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies 62(3):289-298.

MALUF, LINDA YVONNE. 1988. Composition and Distribution of the Central Eastern Pacific

Echinoderms. Technical Report Number 2. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
242pp.

NEWMAN, WILLIAM A. 1979. Californian Transitional Zone: Significance of Short-Range

Endemics. Pp.399-415. In: Gray, Jane and Arthur J. Boucot (eds.), Historical Biogeography,
Plate Tectonics, and the Changing Environment. Oregon State University Press: Oregon.

OH SHIM A, HIROSHI. 1929. The Caudina of Asamushi. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses
12(1):29^5.

RAWLINGS, TIMOTHY A. 1996. Shields against ultraviolet radiation: An additional protective role
for the egg capsules of benthic marine gastropods. Marine Ecology - Progress Series
136(1-3):81- 95.

RODGERS, SHERRI A., and Brian L. Bingham, 1996. Subtidal zonation of the holothurian
Cucumaria lubrica ( Clark). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
204(1/2): 113-129.

ROEMMICH, D., and J. McGowan. 1995. Climatic warming and the decline of zooplankton in the
California Current. Science 267: 1324-1326.

SCHAEFER, K. 1996. Review of data on cephalaspid reproduction, with special reference to the genus
Haminaea (Gastropoda. Opisthobranchia), Ophelia 45(1): 17-37.

SPENCER, WILLIAM K. and C. W. Wright. 1966. Asterozoans. pp. 4-107 IN: Moore, Raymond C.
(ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part U. Echinodermata 3(1). University of
Kansas Press and Geological Society of America. Lawrence, Kansas. 366pp.

SUDO, H., and M. Azeta, 1996. Life history and production of the amphipod Bvblis japonicus Dahl
(Gammaridea: Ampeliscidae) in a warm temperate zone habitat, Shijiki Bay, Japan, Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 198(2):203-222.

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March, 1997

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Vol. 15, No. 11

Ossicles of Paracaudina chilensis (from Hozawa, 1928)

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

g-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692^903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President DonCadien (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer Ann Dalkey (310)648-5544 cam@sanxi.la.ca.us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1 - 4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5 - 7 (compilation)...$ 15.00

Volumes 8-14 .$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

12

April, 1997 SCAMIT Newsletter Voi. 15 , N0.12

NEXT MEETING:

Biology and Taxonomy of California Chitons

GUEST SPEAKER:

Dr. Doug Eemisse, Cal. State, Fullerton

DATE:

6 May 1997

TIME:

9:30 am - 3:30 pm

LOCATION:

Times-Mirror Room, Natural History Museum of Los
Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Eos Angeles

External morphology of several chiton species
(from Simroth, H. 1893-4. II. Ordnung.
Polyplacophora pp. 234-355 IN; Bronn, H. G.
Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs: Band 3 -
Mollusca)

MAY 6th MEETING

Dr. Doug Eemisse of Fullerton will be guest
speaker, and will discuss biology and taxonomy
of local chitons. Although these animals seldom
show up in our samples, they cause difficulties for
exactly that reason. Dr. Eernisse will give us a
preview of the new key to offshore species he will
introduce in the Taxonomic Atlas. Please round
up any problem specimens you have taken, and
bring them along. We will be able to view
specimens from the collection of the Natural
History Museum to help answer any questions not
resolved by the specimens at hand.

FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED, IN PART, BY THE
ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC.

SCAMIT Newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes .

April, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 12

NEW LITERATURE

Some Pacific members of the shrimp family
Axiidae are reviewed, and several new species
described by Kensley (1996). One of the new
species, Eiconaxius baja , is probably what was
reported as Axius acutifrons by Wicksten (1982)
from south of San Clemente Id.,but her specimens
must be reexamined before this can be verified.
She did not describe the animal in her paper, and
her illustration leaves the presence/ absence of a
median carapace carina in doubt. Other species
described are from outside our area of interest.

The crangonid shrimp genus Argis is treated by
Komai (1997), who describes a new species from
the northwestern Pacific. While well represented
in more boreal waters, Argis has but one species
in southern California waters (A. californiensis).
Komai reexamines and redescribes several of the
more poorly understood members of the genus,
and provides a new generic key.

Waren (1993, 1996) discusses gastropods from
the North Atlantic, many in poorly known
groups. Although the overlap at die species level
with material from the boreal Pacific is slight, his
descriptions and comments at the generic level
and above provide a basis for reexamination of
our fauna in these groups. The Skeneidae, which
comprise a good portion of each paper, were not
discussed in McLean's (1996) examination of the
offshore fauna of the northeastern Pacific. The
Rissoidae, also extensively treated by Waren,
were only briefly covered by McLean. An added
bonus is the inclusion (in the 1993 paper) of a
brief update on the groups assigned to the
subclass Heterobranchia. Both these papers
provide a wealth of SEM photographs of both
shells and radulae, often of tiny species which
have not been effectively illustrated previously.

The three predominantly intertidal "gooseneck”
barnacles of the genus Pollicipes are given a truly
exhaustive treatment by Barnes (1996). Every
aspect of the biology of these animals is covered.

Decades of research by the author and her late
husband show clearly in this review article, which
should stand for the next century (with but minor
additions) as THE source for information on the
group.

The evolution of reproductive biology in a series
of four eastern Pacific members of the anemone
genus Epiactis was examined by Edmands (1996).
This is another in a series of papers on the
biology of this group. Interestingly, two of the
four species could not be distinguished on the
basis of allozyme analysis, but could be neatly
segregated on the basis of DNA fingerprinting.
Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the four
species might belong to two differing genera, and
that removal of Cnidopus from within Epiactis
was supported. This is, however, only a limited
preliminary analysis. One which encompasses all
18 members of the genus would be preferable.

Specific points in the biology of specific animals
were covered by Deheyn et al (1996) and Nishi &
Nishihira (1996). The former discuss arm
morphology of the ophiuroid Amphipholis
squamata including die basis of the animal’s
bioluminescence. Few ophiuroids are known to
luminesce, but two local species - this and
Ophiopsila californica - have had reports of
bio luminescence explored and verified. Unlike
many invertebrates, the light of these britde-stars
is not a product of symbiotic luminous bacteria;
nor is it incorporated in a secreted product such
as luminous mucous. The light is generated
intercellularly by specialized "organs" associated
with the nervous tissue in the arms. Ophiuroid
light production has been interpreted by some as
an aposematic anti-predation display.

Organism aging is the subject of Nishi &.
Nishihira. They examined the polychaete
Spirobranchus giganteus, which lives in coral
heads. Analysis of coral growth, which can be
reliably dated by annual growth increments,
indicated that most of the worms examined had an
age of 10 years or more. One particularly slow-

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growing individual seemed to be about 40 yrs old.
While other polychaete species of equivalent size
are probably not as old, we must consider the
possibility that some worm species routinely live
for extended periods. The Spirobranchus habitat
is a particularly sheltering one, offering much
protection from predation, and perhaps allowing
the worms to attain extraordinary ages.

Growth rates in soft bodied invertebrates respond
to a large number of environmental factors, and
are sufficiently variable that laboratory growth
rate-based age estimates are of dubious utility in
estimating age in the wild. The current paper
shows that at least some species can attain a ripe
old age under natural conditions.

How bivalve mollusks handle particles they ingest
is reviewed by Levinton et al (1996). They
examine several existing models of particle
processing in bivalves, and derive a conceptual
framework for bivalve particle handling which
stresses the interrelationships of the different
portions of the process.

Modeling of the behavior of benthic worms in
response to fish foraging, and the role such
trophic interactions play in recruitment processes
is discussed by Lindsay et al (1996). They point
out that the restriction of feeding activity by
infaunal adults in response to fish grazing
increases the likelihood of successful larval
recruitment around the adults.

A new method for evaluating fish stomach
contents was presented by Assis (1996). The
rationale for and mathematical derivation of the
GII (Geometric Index of Importance) are detailed.
The analytic results are quite amenable to graphic
presentation.

The impact of grazing by amphipods on algae,
and the response of the algae, are treated by
Cronin and Hay (1996). Algae, which are
usually viewed as passive victims in this
encounter, prove to have a powerful counter

punch. They can manufacture and deliver
toxic secondary metabolites to the site of the
amphipod grazing in short order, making such
sites significantly less interesting to the grazers.

Chemical defense in marine organisms in general
is reviewed by Hay (1996). The subject is one of
considerable interest, and has produced a great
deal of experimental work in the last few years.
Hay provides an admirable summary which knits
together the various investigative threads into a
cohesive fabric of explanation. Since there is a
strong link to industry through marine natural
products chemistry, it is likely that explorations
into this subject will not suffer from the shortage
of research funding found in many other areas.

POLYCHAETE BIBLIOGRAPHY

The first edition of the Polychaete Bibliography
was distributed several years ago on CD-ROM.

A second edition is now available as of 7April97,
but now on the WWW rather than on CD-ROM,

The authors (Linda Ward and Kristian Fauchald
of the Smithsonian Institution) feel that this
method of distribution will probably allow much
easier and more frequent updating. They
continue to caution that the bibliography is not
completely proofed, and must be assumed to
contain errors of pagination, dating, etc. They
recommend that users cross-check citations prior
to publication in the bibliography of a paper.

The present edition has been put into the Papyrus
format instead of that used in the 1st edition. It
can also be downloaded as ASCII delimited text
for those without Papyrus. The address for the
bibliography is http://www.keil.ukans.edu/
-worms/bibliog/bibliowf.html. As there are no
plans to release this edition in any other medium,
worm folks not currently on the web now have a
strong inducement to get a modem and start.

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SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 12

RESULTS OF OFFICER ELECTION

The period for submission of ballots for election
of 1997-1998 SCAMIT officers expired on 31
March 1997. Results of the balloting are
provided below, with the number of votes for the
incumbent and for write-in candidates indicated..
The total number of ballots received was 21,
representing a 23 % turnout for the election.

OFFICE INCUMBENT OTHER

President 18 3

Vice-President 21

Secretary 20 1

Treasurer 21

The newly elected officers will take over from the
incumbents at the May meeting. The officers
thank the membership for expressing approval
through their votes of the way in which we have
performed our duties. It should be pointed out,
however, that with a Iess-than-majority turnout it
is quite possible that the majority are very upset
with the way things are going and avoided the
election in protest! Let us know which it is. The
only comment on job performance received with
the ballots was a statement that "the info and
communication is wonderful/ Other comment,
either laudatory or defamatory is solicited.
Requests for information on open ocean medusae
and gammarid amphipods were submitted as
suggested meeting topics. Our thanks to all
respondents for their participation, and an
invitation to all non-participants to join in the
process next time.

SCAS MEETINGS REMINDER

The prelimiary program for the 106th annual
meetings of the Southern California Academy of
Sciences has been distributed. The meetings take
place on May 2-3, a Friday and Saturday, as is
usually the case. Pre-registration closed on the
11th of April. Registration at the meetings is $50

for the two-day meeting for members, $60 for
non-members. Single day attendance is $35.
Scheduled symposia on Friday morning are
Larval Recruitment of Fishes; Southern Deserts,
Geology and Ecology; Southern California
Geology; and Environmental Justice and Land
Use. Friday afternoon symposia are: Southern
Deserts, Archaeology, Geography, and
Restoration; Coastal and Estuarine Biology; and
Measurement of Ecosystem Processes.

On Saturday morning the symposia are Unwanted
Aliens - Non-native Plants and Animals;
Anthropology Frontiers - A Holistic Approach;
Marine Invertebrate Biology; and the Plenary
Session. Symposia on Fish Biology; and
Terrestrial Biology will take place on Saturday
afternoon. Several members are listed among the
speakers. See you there!

CNTDARIAN WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

The two-day workshop held on 10-11 April at
Dancing Coyote Ranch was attended by John
Ljubenkov - who organized and led the
proceedings, Dean Pasko and Megan Lillie from
CSDMWWD (both days), Dr. Eric Hochberg
from Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
(both days), Dave Laur from UCSB (both days),
Don Cadien from CSDLAC (both days), Ron
Velarde from CSDMWWD (Thursday), Tony
Phillips from LACEMD (Friday), and Dr. John
Rees from the Alameda Naval Air Station
(Friday). Topics considered were corymorphine
hydroids (including both polyp and medusa
generations), and anemones (primarily
athenarians). Anthozoans were discussed on
Thursday, and hydrozoans on Friday.

A SCAMIT business meeting began the day
during which Dr. Hochberg expressed his
gratification at seeing the commentary on his
chapters in Volume 14 of the Taxonomic Atlas
(discussed in the last Newsletter), and requested a

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Vol. 15, No. 12

copy so he could begin considering our
comments. He also expressed interest in
participating in the planned second meeting
devoted to Volume 14, at which we would meet
with several of the authors and directly address
our comments and concerns. His schedule, and
that of Mary Bergen, who would also like to
participate, will force this second meeting into the
fall.

After the business meeting the workshop itself
commenced with a useful introduction to the
identification of anemones by John Ljubenkov.

He detailed the process, giving the sequence of
observations, and the data to be gathered at each
stage. He also distributed a handout (attached)
which summarized the process. At the end of this
he provided a printout of the 221 anemone genera
in the world and a brief characterization of each
taxon on the basis of tentacles, sphincter, and foot
type. This information is derived from Doumenc
and Foubert (1984). Tabular entries are:
c=cyclic tentacles, r=radially arranged tentacles,
m=mesogloeal, en=endodermal sphincter,

D=pedal disc, P—physa.

Slides of Scolanthus sp A were viewed to provide
orientation for structures visible in either cross or
longitudinal sections. Interpretation of the slides
was assisted by the diagram John provided in the
handout. We also had a practical demonstration of
the methods of sectioning specimens using a very
large specimen of Halianthella sp. A as a test
organism. John said he has found that sharp fine-
bladed scalpels work better than micro-scissors
for these preparations, as they yield cleaner cuts.

John showed us a cross-section of the animal to
illustrate the nature of the primary and secondary
endocoels, and how they can be distinguished by
the nature of the muscles and mesenteries which
form them. We were also able to examine the
mesogloeal sphincters of the animal in the
preparation. Recognition of sphincter structure
has been a problem for many of us in the past,
and this demonstration helped clarify what we

needed to see in the preparation.

After this discussion and demonstration of the
procedures, we began consideration of one group
of anemones, the Edwardsiidae, which form the
majority of the anemones taken in soft bottom
monitoring programs in the southern California
Bight. Species considered were Edwardsia
californica , E. sp A, E. sp G> and Scolanthus sp
A. We did not discuss E. sipunculoides (except
with reference to how other species differed from
it) or Metedwardsia sp A .

Large specimens of all the above species were
available for comparison, and all except the last
two were examined by the attendees. All of the
edwardsiids examined can be separated on
external characters of the column, the physa, and
the nemathyhomes. Examination of the cnidom of
the tentacles, the body wall, and nemathybomes
would provide additional confirmatory evidence
to support identifications based on external
characters, but is only rarely necessary. Most
attendees had not previously seen Edwardsia sp
A , which both occurs in deeper water than the
other species, and is rarer. Two specimens were
examined, one from off Orange County at 600ft.,
and one from off Palos Verdes at 305m, Both
specimens showed the deep longitudinal
furrowing of the body and lobation of the physa
which reflects the convexity of the body wall
between the mesenterial insertions.

We also discussed the generic separation of the
genera Scolanthus and Edwardsia. The primary
difference between the two is that Edwardsia has
histological differentiation in the physa, it differs
in tissue type from the animaTs column and
capitulum. In Scolanthus such differentiation is
lacking. This separation follows that introduced
by Carlgren, and reiterated by Williams (1981).

Other families were not systematically examined
in the same sense that the Edwardsiidae were.

We examined individual species instead.
Participants examined and compared specimens of

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April, 1997

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Vol. 15, No. 12

the cerianthiid Arachnanthus sp A , Pentactinia
California i, Limnactiniidae sp A (probably a
Umnactinia , currently the only named genus in
the family), Zaolutus actius , Flosmaris grandis ,
Halcampa decemtentaculata , and Anemonactis sp
A, and the brown tent anemone (Anemone #76,
still of unknown affinities). We mentioned, but
did not examine, Harenactis attenuata.

It became apparent during these examinations that
what most of us had been identifying as Zaolutus
actius John would identify as Flosmaris grandis .
Dean Pasko began a cross-comparison of the
descriptions of these two species, and found them
to share many characters. The possibility was
raised that the two might actually be synonyms,
with Flosmaris grandis representing the fully
mature adult form and Zaolutus actius described
from more juvenile material. John Ljubenkov
and Don Cadien will both compare the two
descriptions in detail in an attempt to place
species separation on a firmer basis, or confirm
the synonymy of the two taxa. Should the two
prove to be indistinguishable based on their
original descriptions, the type material will need
to be reexamined. If they are found to be the
same, Zaolutus has priority.

The first day ended with most people heading off
home, only Don Cadien, and John Rees (who
arrived that evening) stayed at the Rancho. We
were treated to a very fine view of comet Hale-
Bopp in the dark night sky of the mountains.

The second day of the workshop was devoted to
hydroids. We began with a presentation by John
Rees of his research on hydroids at the Alameda
Naval Air Station in San Francisco Bay. John's
facilities are immediately adjacent to his study
area, and this proximity has allowed not only
close and frequent observation of hydroid
colonies in situ on the docks of the Station, but
rearing of the animals through their life cycle in
several cases. He maintains that with the
corymorphine hydroids, which formed the basis
of much of his work, you can only be sure of the

relationship between the medusa and hydroid
stages if you have raised one into the other.
Characters overlap considerably in most of the
members of many genera, and separations
between genera are often seen in only one part of
the life cycle. John used the hydroid genera
Sarsia and Polyorchis as examples of these
difficulties. He showed how subtle the
differentiation of young medusae can be in these
two closely related genera.

He pointed out, for instance, that the medusa
illustrated by Brinckmann-Voss (1977) as
immediately post-release Polyorchis is actually a
Sarsia based on criteria he employs to identify
these genera. He maintains that the polyp stage
of Polyorchis remains unknown, despite
determined search of probable habitat by several
workers. Although it is possible that the polyp
stage of this organism is both small and drab, Dr.
Rees feels intuitively (as does Cadet Hand) that
the hydroid stage will turn out to be something
rather bizarre in structure and/or habitat.

Our focus shifted away from medusa stage to
polyp stage in consideration of corymorphine
hydroids of the genera Corymorpha and Euphysa,
Characters of the medusa generation were also
mentioned, but will not be detailed here. This
discussion was again led by John Ljubenkov.

These species are some of the most conspicuous
soft-bottom hydroids taken in our area. They do
not require presence of hard substrate fragments
in the surface sediments for attachment. They are
unattached, and maintain their position by
rhizoidal filaments at the base of the perisarc
which extend into the sediment and which may be
attached to several individual sediment grains
along their length.

The two genera, which have been inadequately
separated in the past, can be cleanly differentiated
(at least the California representatives) by two
criteria according to John Ljubenkov. First, in
Corymorpha the small light-colored round bodies

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April, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol, 15, No. 12

called "growth buds" or "growth papillae" are
arranged linearly in rows extending along the
stalk near its base, while in Euphysa they form a
circle or cluster around the stalk just below the
line of demarcation below the hydranth were the
perisarc ends. Secondly the tentacles of
Corymorpha are always villiform, while those of
Euphysa may be either capitate or moniliform.

We currently have two species of Corymorpha in
our fauna, the bay species Corymorpha palma ,
and the offshore species Corymorpha "bigelowi".
The quotation marks were used to indicate that
John Ljubenkov is convinced that the animal we
know as C. bigelowi is a local endemic, rather
than a broad ranging or introduced Indo-Pacific
species (as it was considered in Sassaman & Rees
1978). He plans to redescribe and name the
species based on additional material of the polyp
generation which is considerably more mature
than that described by Sassaman & Rees.

Distinguishing between the two species hinges on
the presence of gonangia. These are of two
different types. In C. "bigelowi” the gonangia
form gonostyles on which medusa buds develop,
eventually being released as free medusae. In
most specimens (even small ones) these buds are
clearly visible and can be recognized as
developing medusae.

In C. palma the gonangia are cryptomedusae.
These are banana shaped structures which do not
develop medusa buds. They are actually sessile
medusae which remain attached to the polyp. As
they mature they become filled with eggs or
sperm depending on the sex of the polyp. In
either case the cryptomedusae look much the
same externally. Eventually the reproductive
products are shed into the water, where
fertilization occurs and planulae develop.

So far the separation in habitat between these two
species has been perfect, with no overlap. C.
palma is found on mudflats, tidal runnels, and in
very shallow muddy inner bay habitats. C.

"bigelowi " is found off-shore on the continental
shelf, and on subtidal bottoms in the deeper outer
portions of bays. The larger of the two is C.
palma , with C. " bigelowi * attaining at most 1/3
the size of 75mm tall mature adult C. palma.

Three species of Euphysa are known from the
northeast Pacific, E. ruthae f E. sp A, and E . sp B .
Specimens identified in the past as E. aurata from
our coast are actually E. sp A. The first of these is
found only in the Puget Sound region, and is
characterized by it’s long, narrow and non¬
tapering stalk. Both the provisional species have
relatively short tapering stalks.

Euphysa sp A can be distinguished from sp B by
having a single row of growth buds, while sp B
has a band of numerous small growth buds. The
two species also differ in tentacle configuration.

In sp A the oral (distal) tentacle whorl consists of
short slightly capitate tentacles, while the aboral
(proximal) whorl is moniliform. In sp B both
whorls are fully moniliform. At present sp B is
known only from off Pt. Arguello, while sp A is
widely distributed on the shelf of the Southern
California Bight. Both species are in manuscript,
and will be described in the Taxonomic Atlas
volume dealing with cnidarians.

By mid-afternoon participants began to slip away
to begin the long drive back to their homes.

Those of us who stayed longest took a look at a
number of cnidarians (along with many other
types of organisms) on videotape. John
Ljubenkov had shot the tape fairly recently during
a submarine dive off Richardson's Rock at the
northern end of the Northern Channel Islands.

The tape showed a terrain of gigantic boulders,
deeply undercut shelves, and great topological
complexity at a depth of roughly 75m. Current
action was strong as evidenced by rapid lateral
movement of objects in the water column. Many
tantalizing glimpses were afforded of animals we
couldn’t quite identify, as well as a number of
standard hard-bottom community members.

7

April, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 12

WEBPAGE UPDATE

The editor met recently with our volunteer
website administrator Larry Cooper (SCCWRP).
We discussed how our site was set-up, modified
some of the existing files (hopefully improving
them in the process), and laid some plans to
further automate the process of updating on a
regular basis. Larry will be putting in the links to
other sites we submit to him, so get candidate
links submitted (e-mail is probably the easiest
way). Feedback from member Jay Shrake (KLI)
indicates a good degree of enthusiasm for our
move into the electronic arena. He submitted a
large packet of recommended URLs for us to link
up to. Most comments so far have been positive;
thanks. Suggestions for further improvement are
more than welcome, they’re required. If you
have input, put it ini

PRIVACY

With SCAMIT now providing both paper and
electronic versions of the Newsletter, new
problems have emerged for our consideration. In
the past privacy was not much of an issue, since
things included in the Newsletter were going to a
select (and known) group of interested parties.
With the move into the electronic medium we
come smack dab into conflict with the Law of
Unintended Consequences. We must begin to
consider, as individual members, what will
happen to information submitted to the Editor for
inclusion in the Newsletter. Some degree of
explicitness is required to assure that things not
approved for wide dissemination are not ported
across to the Net with the electronic version.
Anything which a member has indicated he/she
does not wish placed on the Website will be
removed prior to the transfer process.

The editor’s consciousness of the nature and
severity of the problem is improving, but he is not
yet wise enough to carefully tease out the desires
of each contributor, especially when the

information arrives second or third-hand. Please
attempt to alert us to potentially sensitive
information, or information which you just don’t
want made available on the WWW, so that it can
be restricted to paper-only distribution. This is
particularly true of information of a personal
nature, such as address, telephone, or other
information pertaining to an individual.

We are interested in providing this information to
the membership, and also to other interested
parties who may want to contact a member. We
DO NOT want to compromise your privacy,
however, so let us know of information you don’t
wish to have posted to the SCAMIT Website.

Campylaspis rufa TAKEN

A single specimen of the small cumacean
Campylaspis rufa was recently taken off Pt.

Loma. Previous records of the species were
restricted to areas further to the north, although it
had been recorded from the Southern California
Bight (unpublished agency records) and was on
the SCAMIT Taxonomic List Edition 2. The
previous southern record was from Santa Monica
Bay, so the record from 328 ft. off Pt. Loma is
roughly a two degree southern range extension.
The species had not been reported by Given in his
thesis, and is listed as ranging only as far south as
Pt. Conception by Watling and McCann (MS).
The later report lists depth of occurrence as
ranging form 200 to 565m., so the current record
extends the distribution inshore to 101m as well.

JOB OPPORTUNITY

An inquiry was received from Gary Gillingham
(KLI) trying to find someone to identify
oligochaetes from the San Francisco Bay /Delta
area. He thinks he will have up to 60 0. Im2
samples (sieved through a 0.6mm screen) per
month for a period of three years (2160 samples).
You can contact him to express interest, or to

8

April, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 12

pass on the name of someone else who might wish
to be involved at kirmetic@cruzio.com

AN ARTICLE ON ARTICLES

PleijePs 1993 publication of Polychaeta
Phyllodocidae (Marine Invertebrates of
Scandinavia No. 8), included a SEM photograph
of Eteone cf. flava that shows regular cilia
patches along the frontal antennae (page 138).
Until now, other illustrations and descriptions
have regularly described Eteone frontal antennae
as smooth or cylindrical.

Inspection of local Southern California Eteone
specimens under 400X magnification shows the
antennae are not merely cylindrical, but are
articulated into 3-5 segments. The observed
degree of articulation seems to vary between
specimens. However, of the dozen or so
specimens examined so far there is a clearly
demarcated terminal segment and usually 3-4
more basally arranged segments. On some
specimens this may appear as regularly organized
intervals of constriction along the antennal walls.
Other specimens have an internal membranous
separation between each article. At least one
specimen appeared to also have fine tufts of cilia
at the point of antennal wall constriction. This
articulation has been observed on both dorsal and
ventral antenna, but seems more apparent in
dorsal antennae. No claim of diagnostic value is
made at this time. This micro-anatomical feature
may become more useful after additional
specimens have been carefully inspected.

- Toni Parker (CSDLAC)

SPECIMEN REQUEST

Dean Pasko (CSDMWWD) passed on a request
for specimens from a researcher interested in the
molecular phylogeny of the anomuran crab family
Lithodidae. They currently have material of the
following species: Hapalogaster mertensii ,
Oedignathus inermis, Cryptolithodes sitchensis.

Cryptolithodes typicus, Paralithodes
camtschaticus, Lopholithodes mandtii , and
Phyllolithodes papillosus. A number of other
species have been taken in our area, including
Paralithodes califomiensis and P. rathbuni,
Lopholithodes foraminatus , Hapalogaster
cavicauda, Glyptolithodes cristatipes , Lithodes
couesi, Paralomis multispina and P. verrilli.
Samples of any of these species would probably
be welcome. Material sent to her should be
initially preserved in ethanol (80 % or greater).

Entire animals are not necessary, the tissue from
a leg of a small animal or a portion of the leg of a
larger animal would be sufficient. Please take
care to identify the source organism, I am sure
that full collection information would also be
desired, including sex and wet weight of the
individual. It might be a good idea to provide a
photograph of the animal from which the tissue
was taken (if one is available) as support for the
field identification.

The request came from Stefanie Zaklan,

Bamfield Marine Station, Bamfield, B. C.,
Canada VOR 1BO. She can also be reached at
zaklan@bms.bc.ca, or by phone at (250) 728-
3301.

RESEARCH SEMINAR

The Spring 1997 Research Seminar Series at the
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
still has several seminars remaining. A list of
them is attached. The Thursday 8 May pair looks
particularly interesting to those with a marine
bent.

TRACE OF EL NINO

On the second day of the Cnidarian Workshop
Dean Pasko (CSDMWWD) brought a live animal
taken by the agency during their trawls on the
previous day. It proved to be a juvenile specimen
of the target shrimp, Sicyonia penicillatus. The
presence of this shrimp in our area seems to

9

April, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 12

indicate northward water transport from larval
source areas on the outer side of the Baja
California Peninsula. Although the species has
been previously taken in our waters, it is an
infrequent visitor to the Californian province with
no known local breeding population. I had not
seen one in our area since three specimens were
taken in the vicinity of Los Angeles-Long Beach
Harbors during the 1983-84 El Nino.

Tony Phillips (CLAEMD) was in attendance and
noted that a much larger mature animal had been
taken in Santa Monica Bay during their 1996

sampling. These animals are markers of warm
water influence. The 1996 specimen might have
been the last gasp of larvae which arrived during
an earlier warm water intrusion, perhaps the same
one which brought large numbers of tuna crabs
(Pleuroncodes planipes) into the waters off-shore
of the Palos Verdes Peninsula in 1996. The
presence of a juvenile specimen off Pt. Loma in
1997 would seem to indicate another separate
warming event is about to take place or is actually
underway. -Don Cadien (CSDLAC)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ASSIS, C. A. 1996. A generalised index for stomach contents analysis in fish. Scientia Marina
60(2-3): 385-3 89.

BARNES, MARGARET. 1996, Pedunculate Cirripedes of the genus Pollicipes , Oceanography and
Marine Biology: an Annual Review 34:303-394.

BRINCKMANN-VOSS, ANITA. 1977. The hydroid of Polvorchis penicillatus (Eschscholtz)
(Polyorchidae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Canadian Journal of Zoology 55(l):93-96.

CRONIN, GREG, and Mark E. Hay. 1996. Induction of seaweed chemical defenses by amphipod
grazing. Ecology 77(8):2287-2301.

DEHEYN, D., V. Alva, and M. Jangoux. 1996. Fine structure of the photogenous areas in the
bioluminescent ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata (Echmodermata, Ophiuridea).
Zoomorphology 116(4): 195- 204.

DOUMENC, D., and A. Foubert. 1984. Microinformatique etTaxonomie des Actinies: cle mondiale
des genres. Annales de 1 1 Institut Oceanographique, Paris 60(l):43-86.

EDMANDS, SUZANNE. 1996. The evolution of mating systems in a group of brooding sea
anemones (Epiactis). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 30(1-3): 227-237.

HAY, MARK E. 1996. Marine chemical ecology: What's known and what's next? Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 200(1-2): 103-134.

KENSLEY, BRIAN. 1996. New thalassinidean shrimp from the Pacific Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda:
Axiidae and Calocarididae). Bulletin of Marine Science 59(3):469-489.

KOMAI, TOMOYUKI. 1997. Revision of Argis dentata and related species (Decapoda: Caridea:

Crangonidae), with description of a new species from the Okhotsk Sea. Journal of Crustacean
Biology 17(1): 135-161.

LEVINTON, JEFFREY S., J. Evan Ward, and Raymond J. Thompson. 1996. Biodynamics of particle
processing in bivalve molluscs: Models, data, and future directions. Invertebrate Biology
115(3): 232-242.

LINDSAY, SARA M., David S. Wethey, and Sarah A. Woodin. 1996. Modeling interactions of
browsing predation, infaunal activity, and recruitment in marine soft-sediment habitats.
American Naturalist 148(4):684-699.

10

April, 1997

SCAMIT Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 12

McLHAN, JAMES H. 1996. Chapter 1. The Prosobranchia. Pp. 1-160 IN: Scott, Paul H., James A.
Blake, and Andrew L. Lissner (eds.) Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria
Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel, Volume 9 - The Mollusca: Part 2, The Gastropoda.
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. 228pp.

NISH1, EIJIROH, and Moritaka Nishihira. 1996. Age-estimation of the Christmas tree worm

Spirobranchus gjganteus (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) living buried in the coral skeleton from the
coral- growth band of the host coral. Fisheries Science 62(3):400-403.

PLEIJEL, FREDRIK. 1993. Polychaeta Phyllodicidae. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 8:1-158.
SASSAMAN, CLAY, and John T. Rees. 1978. The life cycle of Corvmorpha f= Euphvsora) bigelowi
(Maas, 1905) and its significance in the systematics of corymorphid hydromedusae. Biological
^ Bulletin 154:485-496.

WAREN, ANDERS. 1993. New and little known Mollusca from Iceland and Scandinavia, Part 2,
Sarsia 78:159-201.

—. 1996. New and little known Mollusca from Iceland and Scandinavia .3. Sarsia 81(3): 197-245.
WICKSTEN, MARY K. 1982, Crustaceans from baited traps and gill nets off Southern California.
California Fish and Game 68:244-246.

WILLIAMS, R. B. 1981. A sea anemeone, Edwardsia meridionalis sp. nov,, from Antarctica and a
preliminary revision of the genus Edwardsia de Quatrefages, 1841 (Coelenterata: Actiniaria).
Records of the Australian Museum 33(6):325-360.

SCAMIT OFFICERS:

If you need any other information concerning SCAMIT please feel free to contact any of

the officers.

e-mail address

President Ron Velarde (619)692-4903 rgv@sddpc.sannet.gov

Vice-President DonCadien (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Secretary Cheryl Brantley (310)830-2400 ext. 403 mblcsdla@netcom.com

Treasurer AnnDalkey (310)648-5544 cam@san.cUaxa.us

Back issues of the newsletter are available. Prices are as follows:

Volumes 1-4 (compilation).$ 30.00

Volumes 5 - 7 (compilation).$ 15.00

Volumes 8- 15.$ 20.00/vol.

Single back issues are also available at cost.

11

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Research Seminar Series
Spring 1997

Thursday 20 March 1997. The Origin of Rheumatoid Arthritis 6,000
Years Ago In North America. Bruce Rothschild, Northeast
Ohio University Campus of Medicine.

Thursday 17 April, 1997. The Phylogenetic Placement of Snakes within
Squamata as inferred from Morphological and Molecular
data. Tod Reeder, San Diego State University

Thursday 8 May 1997. Eye Lens Pigmentation In Fishes: Biochemistry,
Ecology, and Evolution. Mason Posner, U.S.C. Graduate
Student in Residence, LACM.

and

Evolution of the Sea Basses of the Genus Paralabrax.

Guillermo Herrera, U.S.C. Graduate Student in Residence,
LACM.

Natural History Museum cf Los Angeles County, Times Mirror Room
Seminars begin at 3:00PM, coffee and refreshments at 2:30PM
For more information contact Dr. J.D. Stewart (213) 744-3318

AH welcome!

Tips on the Identification of Anemones

By John Ljubenkov

What do you need to look at to identify an anemone? If you have an anemone in front of
you, what are the characters you should look at in order that you may recognize it again?
Below is a list of things I look for in a 'new to my eyes’ anemone which help me to
visualize its exact structure. You need a dissecting and a compound microscope with
slides etc., a sharp scalpel, fine forceps, and a steady hand.

1. First look at the base of the anemone to determine whether it has a strongly developed
foot with parieto-basilar musculature. If so it is in Thenaria, If it has just a swollen foot
with no musculature (a physa) then it’s in AthenaricL This is usually obvious from
external examination, but if it is not a cross section as close to the foot as possible is
necessary.

2. Does it have a sphincter? If it does, then is it Endoderntal or Mesogloeall For this you
need to cut through the margin. Most infaunal anemones lack a sphincter or have
exceedingly poorly developed ones so most anemones from monitoring programs do not
have them.

3. What is the exact arrangement of the mesenteries? Find the primary (1°) and
secondary (2°) pairs of mesenteries by examining on which side of the mesenteries the
musculature sits. For this you need to slice as good a cross section as you can. 8-way or
octamerous symmetry indicates possible ’Edwardsiid’ relationships whereas 6-way or
hexamerous is a more usual condition. When pedal laceration or other asexual methods of
reproduction occur, then these patterns of symmetry may be obscured. I believe that this
is one of the more important characters. Remember that Anthozoa are bilaterally
symmetrical not radially symmetrical.

4. How are the cycles of tentacles arranged in relation to the cycles of mesenteries?
Usually one tentacle arises from between each two mesenteries regardless of which cycle
they belong to, but the two sets of cycles correspond. Corallimorpharia (e.g.
Corynactis) may have more than one per endocoel, as may the Stichodactyline or Carpet
anemones. What are the exact type of tentacles? Capitate, viliform, bumpy, colors etc.

5. Mesenteries and their associated tentacles are arranged in ’cycles'. The first
mesenteries to arise are usually the longest and are defined as the 1° cycle. The 1° and 2°
pairs of mesenteries are at opposite sides of the actinopharynx / mouth. Color patterns
also tend to reflect the internal symmetry, e.g. the bases of the tentacles associated with
these pairs of mesenteries may be specially marked.

6. What is the column like in relation to other body features? What surface structures
such as vesicles, warts, verrucae, cinclides etc. cover the surface?

Pg- 1

ANEMQUIZ.WPS

7. In order to make a nematocyst preparation: take a small piece of flesh from the desired
region. Macerate the flesh with forceps on a slide to break up the flesh. Place a drop of
water on and then a cover slip. Apply pressure to the cover slip with your thumb and
gently move the cover slip around to further grind up the flesh underneath. View under
oil immersion at lOOOx. This data is more useful at a generic level rather than a specific
level in identifications.

8. Biological factors: sed. type, depth, life history and ecology.

9. Do your best to draw what you see. It is the only way to codify and eventually see the
characters necessary.

Pg-2

ANEMQUIZ.WPS

ACTIN.WDB

Anemone genera

Genus

Author

Date

Tentacle Sf

)hincte

Foot

Acontiophorum

Carlgren

1938

C

D

Acraspedanthus

Cartgren

1924

c

M

D

Acfhelmis

Lutken

1875

c

P

Actinauge

Verrill

1883

c

M

D

Actineria

Blainville

1830

R

EN

D

Actinemus

Verrill

1879

c

D

Actinia

Browne

1756

C

EN

D

Actiniogeton

Carlgren

1938

C

EH

D

Actinodendron

Blainville

1830

R

D

Actinodiscus

Blainville

1830

R

EH

D

Actinoporus

Duchaissang

1850

R

EN

D

Actinoscyphia

Stephenson

1820

C

M

D

Actinostephanus

Kwietniewski

1897

R

D

Actincstola

Verrill

1883

C

M

D

Actinothoe

Fisher

1889

C

M

D

Adamsia

Forbes

1880

C

M

D

Aiptaisia

Gosse

1858

C

M

D

Aiptasiogeton

Schmidt

1872

C

M

D

Aiptasiomorpha

Stephenson

1920

C

EN

D

Alicia

Johnson

1861

C

D

Allantactis

Danielssen

1890

C

M

D

Amphianthus

Hertwig

1882

C

M

D

Andre sia

Stephenson

1921

C

EN

D

Andwakia

Danielssen

1890

c

M

P

Anemonactis

Andres

1880

C

P

Anemonia

Risso

1826

c

EN

D

Antholoba

Hertwig

1882

c

M

D

Anthopieura

Du&Mi

1860

c

EN

D

Anthostelia

Carlgren

1938

c

EN

D

Anthothoe

Carlgren

1938

c

M

D

Antiparactis

Verrill

1899

C

M

D

Antosactis

Danielssen

1890

C

M

D

Artemidactis

Stephenson

1918

C

M

D

Aureliana

Andres

1883

R

EN

D

Austroneophellia

Zamponi

C

M

D

Bartholomea

Duchassaing & Mi 1866

c

M

D

Bathydactyfus

Carlgren

1928

C

M

D

Bafhyphellia

Carlgren

1932

c

M

D

Bolocera

Gosse

1860

c

EN

D

Boloceractis

Pannikar

1937

C

D

Boloceroides

Carlgren

1899

C

D

Boioceropsis

McNurrich

1904

C

EN

D

Botryon

Carlgren & Hedgp 1952

C

M

D

Botryon 2

Carlgren & Hedgp 1951

c

M

P

Bunodactis

Verrill

1899

c

EN

D

Bunodeopsis

Andres

1880

C

D

Bunodosoma

Verrill

1899

C

EN

D

Cactosoma

Danielssen

1890

C

M

P

Calamactinia

Carlgren

1949

C

P

Calamactis

Carlgren

1949

C

P

Calliactis

Verrill

1869

c

M

D

pg. lof 5

ACTIN.WDB

Genus Author Pate Tentacle Sphincte Foot

Carcinactis

Riemann-Zurneck 1975

C

M

Carlgrenia

Stephenson

1929

C

Catapheliia

Stephenson

1929

C

M

Cereus

Oken

1815

c

M

Charisea

Torrey

1902

c

EN

Charisella

Carlgren

1949

c

EN

Chondrophellia

Carlgren

1928

c

M

Choriactis

McMurrich

1904

c

M

Cladactella

Verriil

1928

c

EN

Cnidanthus

Carlgren

1927

c

M

Cnidopus

Carlgren

1934

c

EN

Condylactis

Du&Mi

1866

c

Condylanthus

Carlgren

1899

c

EN

Coraflimorphus

Mosely

1877

R

Corynactis

Allman

1846

R

Cribinopsis

Siebert & Spauldi

1976

C

EN

Cricophorus

Carlgren

1924

c

M

Cryptodendron

Klunzinger

1877

R

EN

Dactyfanthus

Carlgren

1911

C

EN

Daontesia

Carlgren

1942

C

M

Decaphelfia

Bourne

1918

c

M

Diadumene

Stephenson

1920

C

Dofleinia

Wasilief

1908

C

EN

Drillactis

Verriil

1922

c

Edwardsia

Quatrefages

1842

c

Edwardsielfa

Andres

1881

C

Entacmaea

Ehrenburg

1834

C

EN

Epiactis

Verriil

1869

c

EN

Epiparactis

Carlgren

1921

C

M

Epipheliia

Carlgren

1949

c

M

Evactis

Verriil

1869

c

EN

Exoooelactis

Carlgren

1928

c

M

Fagesia

Delphy

1938

c

Flosmaris

Stephenson

1920

c

M

Galeanthemum

Carlgren

1956

c

M

Glyphoperidium

Roule

1909

c

EN

Glyphostylum

Roule

1909

c

Gonactinia

Sars

1851

c

Gyrostoma

Kwietniewsky

1898

c

EN

Hadalanthus

Carlgren

1956

c

M

Halcampa

Gosse

1858

c

M

Halcampactis

Farquhar

1898

c

Hafcampaster

Carlgren

1938

c

M

Halcampelfa

Andres

1883

c

Halcampogeton

Carlgren

1937

c

Halcampoides

Danielssen

1890

c

Halcurias

McMurrich

1693

c

Hafiactis

Carlgren

1921

c

Halianthefla

Kwietniewski

1896

c

M

Halipfanelia

Hand

1956

c

Haloclava

Verriil

1899

c

Harenactis

Torrey

1902

c

Heteractis

Milne-Edwards

1857

c

M

pg, 2of 5

OllDDO'DOTnnJOODOOOOD'DOTlDODDDOD'D'DDDDDOOOOODDDODDDDDDDDDO

ACTIN.WDB

Genus

Author

Date

Tentacle Sphinc

Heteranthus

Klunziger

1877

C

EN

Heterodactyfa

Hemprich & Ehren185l

R

EN

Homostichanthus

Duerden

1900

R

EN

Hormathia

Gosse

1851

C

M

Hormathianthus

Carlgren

1943

C

M

Hormosoma

Stephenson

1918

C

M

Isactinernus

Carlgren

1918

c

Isactinia

Carlgren

1900

C

EN

Isantheopsis

Carlgren

1942

c

EN

Isanthus

Carlgren

1938

c

M

Isocradactis

Carlgren

1924

C

EN

Isoedwardsia

Carlgren

1921

c

Isometridium

Carlgren

1949

C

M

Isoparactis

Stephenson

1920

C

M

Isophetlia

Carlgren

1900

C

M

Isosicyonis

Carlgren

1927

c

M

Isotealia

Carlgren

1899

c

EN

Kasodactis

Danielssen

1890

c

M

Lebrunia

Du&Mi

1860

c

Leipsiceras

Stephenson

1918

c

EN

Limnactinia

Carlgren

1921

Liponema

Hertwig

1882

c

EN

LithophefJia

Carlgren

1938

c

M

Macrocnema

Carlgren

1928

c

EN

Macrodactyla

Haddon

1898

c

EN

Megafactis

Ehrenburg

1834

R

Mena

Stephenson

1920

c

M

Mesacmaea

Andres

1883

c

Metapeachia

Carlgren

1943

c

Metarhodactis

Carlgren

1943

R

EN

Metedwardsia

Carlgren

1947

c

Metridium

Oken

1815

c

M

Mimetridium

Hand

1961

c

Minyas

Cuvier

1817

R

EN

Myonanthus

McMurrich

1893

C

EN

Nectactis

Gravier

1918

C

Nemanthus

Carlgren

1940

c

M

Nematostelfa

Stephenson

1935

c

Neopara condyla ctiZa m p o n i

1974

c

EN

Neophelia

Uchida

1939

c

M

Nevadne

Stephenson

1922

c

Octineon

Fowler

1984

c

M

Opiodiscus

Hertwig

1882

c

M

Oractis

McMurrich

1893

c

EN

Orinia

Duchassaing & Mi 1860

R

EN

Oulactis

M-Ed&Haime

1851

c

EN

Parabunodactis

Carlgren

1928

c

EN

Paracalfiactis

Carlgren

1928

c

M

Paraoondylactis

Carlgren

1934

c

EN

Paractinia

Andres

1884

c

M

Paractinostola

Carlgren

1928

c

M

Paradiscosoma

Carlgren

1900

R

EN

Paraedwardsia

Carlgren

1905

c

Foot

pg. 3of 5

UODODOODOTJODDDDTJODOO'aO'DOriJDOODOO'ODDODODOO'DODDODDDDOOO

ACTIN.WDB

Genus

Author

Date

Tentacle Sphim

Parahalcampa

Carlgren

1927

C

M

Paraisometridium Zamponi

1978

C

M

Paranemonia

Carlgren

1900

c

EN

Parantheopsis

McMurrich

1904

c

EN

Paranthus

Andres

1883

c

M

Paraphellia

Haddon

1889

c

M

Paraphelliactis

Carlgren

1928

c

M

Parasicyonis

Carlgren

1921

c

M

Parastephanauge Dufaure

1951

c

M

Peachia

Gosse

1855

c

Pelocoetes

Annandale

1915

c

Pentactinia

Carlgren

1900

c

PhelSia

Gosse

1858

c

M

PheHiactis

Simon

1892

c

M

Phelliogeton

Carlgren

1927

c

M

Phialoba

Carlgren

1949

c

Phlyctenactis

Stuckey

1909

c

EN

Phlyctenanthus

Carlgren

1949

c

EN

Phyllactis

Milne-Edwards &

1851

c

EN

Phyllod/scus

Kwietniewski

1898

c

EN

Phymactis

Milne-Edwards

1857

c

EN

Phymanthus

Miine_Edwards

1857

c

EN

Phytocoefes

Annandale

1915

c

Phytocoetopsis

Panikkar

1936

c

Protanthea

Carlgren

1891

c

Pseud actinia

Carlgren

1928

c

EN

Pseudhormathia

Carlgren

1943

c

EN

Pseudoparactis

Stephenson

1920

c

M

Ptychodactis

Apellof

1893

c

Pycnanthus

McMurrich

1893

c

M

Radianthus

Kwietniewski

1898

R

EN

Ramirezia

Zamponi

1979

c

Rhodactis

Milne-Edwards &

1851

R

EN

Ricordea

Duchassaing & Mi 1860

R

Sagartia

Gosse

1855

c

M

Sagartianthus

Carlgren

1943

c

M

Sagartiogeton

Carlgren

1924

c

M

Scoianthus

Gosse

1853

c

Scytophorus

Hertwig

1882

c

Segonsactis

Reimann-Zurneck 1979

c

EN

Sicyonis

Hertwig

1882

c

M

Sideractis

Danielssen

1890

c

Siphonactinopsis

Carlgren

1921

c

Sphincteractis

Zamponi

1976

c

M

Stephanauge

Verrili

1899

c

M

Stephensonactis

Panlkkar

1936

c

Stichodactyia

Brandt

1835

R

EN

Stoichactis

Carlgren

1900

R

EN

Stomphia

Gosse

1859

C

M

Stylobates

Dali

1903

c

EN

Synactinernus

Carlgren

1918

c

Synandwakia

Carlgren

1947

c

M

Synhalcampella

Carlgren

1921

c

Foot

pg. 4of 5

"O'DODOOUTOD'OOODTTlDDDODTlDODaDODTl-OOODaClOaOOaTl-O'ODDDOOOaOT]

ACTIN.WDB

Genus

Author

Date

Tentacle Sohin*

Synhalcurias

Carigren

1914

C

Synsicyonis

Carlgren

1921

C

M

Tealia

Gosse

1858

c

EN

Tealianthus

Carlgren

1927

' c

EN

Tealidium

Heriwig

1882

c

M

Telmatactis

Gravier

1918

c

M

Thafassianthus

Leuckart

1828

R

EN

Triad!s

Klunzinger

1877

C

Urticinopsis

Carlgren

1927

c

EN

Verriliactis

England

1972

C

M

Zaolutus

Hand

1955

C

M

Foot

COUNT:

221

Compiled from D. Doumencand A, Foubert. 1984. Microinformatique
etTaxonomie des Actinies: Cle Mondial des Genres, Ann, Inst, oceanogt,
Paris, 1984, Vol. 60{1): 43-86.

pg. 5of 5

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