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TWENTY-SEVENTH
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND,
Being for the Year 1908.
IN THREE PARTS.
Part I,—GENERAL REPORT.
Part IJ.—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES,
Part III.—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
PART III.—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
Presented to Parliament by Command of this Majesty. —
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CONTENTS.
GENERAL STATEMENT, ;
The Hatching of Plaice,
The Fishery Statistics,
Investigations on the Herring Wishes of the Fir th of Cid
The Herrings of the Clyde and other Districts, eos
The Influence of Temperature on the Development of the Ties of
the Herring, f
Scientific and Technical Tstineein ¥o WiaHeocmeni
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS.
I, On the Herrings of the Clyde and other Districts. By H. Chas.
Williamson, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S.E., Marine pe eee
Aberdeen,
Introduction, : :
Arrangement of Analysis, .
List of Contractions, A
The Samples of Herrings, .
The Weight of the Herring, :
The Stage of Development of the Reproductive 0 Or gans, .
The Rate of Growth, ;
The Spawning Seasons,
Food, E
Literature, .
Additional Samples of Herrings,
II, Report on the Operations at the Marine Fish Hatchery, Bay of
Nigg, Aberdeen, in 1908. By Dr. T. eS ee oe E.R.S.E.,
Scientific Superintendent, :
III. Notes on the Distribution of Pelagic Crustacea in Lower and
Upper Loch Fyne. By Thomas Scott, LL.D., F.LS.,
IV. Experiments to show the Influence of Cold in Retarding the
Development of the Eggs of the Herring (Olupea Harengus,
L.), Plaice (Pleuronectes Platessa, L.), and Haddock (Gadus
Aiglefinus, L.). By H. Chas. Williamson, M.A., D.Sc.,
F.R.S.E., Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen. (Plate 1b ee
Introduction,
The Different Lots of Spawn,
Lots I., II., and III.,
itt
11
100
100
101
103
Contents.
PAGE
Lhe Cooling Arrangement, 103
Table of Temperature of the uncooled water of Lots ee
fl. and tii. 106
Table of Temperature of the cooled water of Lots as int
and III., ¢ ~ ollie
Fourth Lot of Spawn, 108
Table of Temperature of the Fourth Lot of Spawn uncooled, 110
Fe ny A >> COolediay aiemteles
Fifth Lot of Spawn, 113
Table of Temperature of the Fifth Lot of Spawn uncooled, 115
%s me ae ,, cooled, = aaamals
Sixth Lot of Spaw n, 118
Meyer’s Experiments on the Incubation of the Eggs of
the Herring at Kiel, . : : aes
Summary of Experiments i in Laboratory, . : : > sae
Crystals found inside the Zona, .. ; i . oAl22
Fertilization of the Eggs of the Herring, . , »»:AZe
The Herring Larva, : : + te
The Transport of Living Adult Herrings, ; 124
Experiments on the Pelagic Eggs of the Haddock and
Plaice, . 3 : . : bap 615)
Experiments on Turbot, 2 5 ; A 2 lie
Explanation of Plate I... ; : . hai
V A Review of the Fishery Statistics for Scotland. By Dr. T.
Wemyss Fulton, F.R.S.E., Scientific Superintendent, je)
The Quantities of Fish ee : ; : co lO
East Coast, . ‘ ; : ere
Orkney and Shetland, ; . Pete! bts)
West Coast, . : ; : seed es
The Different Kinds Landed, : : ; . 134
East Coast, . 5 ; : . 134
Orkney and Shetland, ‘ : : <> aes
West Coast, . : : ; . 140
The Values of the Fish Landed, , é : . 142
Shell-fish, . ; : : F 2 lee
Oysters, E é ; : . 148
Mussels, : g ; 5 : . 149
Clams, . 5 ‘ : ; , «ALO
Lobsters, ‘ : ; : 2
22 Soa
1902, - =~ OG 5a9u. 1907, - = eae aoe
1903, - =~ ZEA egen 1908, - = SA ae
1904, - =o SEN Tee
The statistics for the Loch Fyne fishery go back to the year 1854,
and only in one year in that period was the quantity of herrings
taken less than it was in 1907, namely, in 1873, when 3,648 crans
were landed. At that period there was a similar depression, but it
did not last so long, there being ouly three years—1872-1874—when
the quantity was less than 10,000 crans, as compared with the six
years, as shown above, in the present period. In 1908 there were
indications that herrings were fairly plentiful in the lower reaches of
the loch, but they invariably remained in deep water, where they
could not be caught, but in the last week of June there was a move-
ment which resulted in a large catch.
As mentioned in former reports, periodic observations on the
abundance of the plankton, or minute floating life in the sea, upon
which the herrings principally subsist, and upon the temperature of
the water, have been made in Loch Fyne, and these observations are
being continued. A preliminary report, by Dr. Thomas Scott, on the
distribution of the pelagic crustscea in Loch Fyne will be found in
the present Report, the tow-net collections made in the years 1905—
1908, some £00 in number, being dealt with. The variations at the
six stations where the collections were made are shown in each of the
years, and the organisms present are described. It is proposed to
carry on these investigations and observations in the loch until the
herrings have returned to it in something like their former
abundance. Since they were begun at the end of 1904, after the
decline in the herring fishery had set in, it is obviously necessary to
continue them until the herring shoals return again, and until a
sufficient body of information has been obtained to make it possible
to decide whether any special change in the physical conditions of the
waters of the loch, or in the abundance of the organisms upon which
the herrings feed, was characteristic of the period of depression in
the herring fishery.
THE HERRINCS OF THE CLYDE AND OTHER DISTRICTS.
Since 1905 samples of the herrings taken in the Clyde and at some
other parts of the coast have been sent to the marine laboratory,
with the view more particularly of determining certain points in
their reproduction and spawning, and a paper on the subject, by Dr.
H. C. Williamson, is contained in this Report. Over 156 samples of
herrings were examined during the years in question, their length
and, in most cases, their weights determined, as well as the state of
development of the reproductive organ and the size of the eggs
contained in the ovaries. The particulars are set forth in copious
lists, the immature herrings being distinguished from the spawners
and the spent, and as far as possible the summer-spawners from the
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 11
winter-spawners, and it is thus possible to arrange for each locality
and over a period the main characters connected with the reproduction
of the shoals. It has been shown that about six months elapse
between the formation of yolk in the ovarian eggs and the period of
spawning, but it has not yet been determined how long a time may
elapse after a herring arrives at the “full” condition, that is, with a
large roe or milt, as is found in the large herrings in the upper part
of Loch Fyne towards the end of the year, and the actual shedding of
the eggs. The rate of growth of the herring and the spawning-
seasons are discussed. Hach locality has very definite spawning-
seasons, a fact pointing to the fishes themselves being localised
and dependent on the local conditions of food, temperature, and
salinity; but taking these samples from various parts of the coast
as a whole, spawning may be regarded as starting in July and
continuing to the following July, with two great periods, in August
and September and in February and March.
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE Eaes OF THE HERRING.
At the request of the Government of New Zealand, a series of
experiments were made at the Marine Laboratory on the retardation
of the development of the ova of the herring. Information was
desired as to whether it was possible to prolong the period of
incubation 50 days, an interval which would admit of the eggs being
conveyed from this country to New Zealand before they hatched.
The New Zealand Government wish to introduce, if possible, certain
of the more valuable and useful of the European fishes to the waters
of the Dominion, and among them the herring. The experiments
referred to are described in the present Report by Dr. H. C.
Williamson, the eggs being obtained at Anstruther in the spring, and
they were kept in various forms of apparatus, and at various
temperatures, until hatching took place. The general result of the
experiments was to show that it would be possible to keep a
proportion of the eggs for a period of fifty days before hatching—a
few were indeed kept some days longer, but by far the greater
number succumbed at an earlier period. The experiments may be
regarded as of a preliminary kind, and from the experience gained it
is hoped that in the further trials now being made at the request of
the New Zealand Government, a much larger proportion may survive
the prolonged exposure to low temperatures. Experiments were also
made, at the request of the New Zealand authorities, with the eggs
of the haddock and of the plaice, as well as with small turbots, with
the view of determining whether the period of development of the
former could be satisfactorily delayed, and whether the latter were
able to resist low temperatures. The temperatures in the experiments
with the eggs varied from 0°6° C. to 5°6° C., and it was found that
the plaice eggs hatched after a period of from 27 to 43 days, while
the haddock eggs were partly unhatched after the lapse of 30 days.
The small turbot, measuring 6} and 94 inches, were placed in separate
apparatus. One of them, subjected to temperatures going down to
06° C., survived for over three days and then died; the other,
subjected to temperatures between 3°4° C. and 1:7° C. for over two
days, survived and recovered.
12 Part IT1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION TO FISHERMEN.
For a number of years past, as mentioned in previous Reports,
representative fishermen selected by the County Councils of various
counties have visited the Marine Laboratory and Hatchery for the
purpose of receiving some instruction relating to the life-histories
and habits of the marine food fishes, such as might be of interest and
use to them, and to see the processes of fish-hatching. Advantage
was taken of these demonstrations last spring by delegated fishermen
from the counties of Elgin, Sutherland, Inverness, Argyll, Berwick,
Fife, Kincardine, and Caithness, who attended with regularity and
appeared to be much interested in the instruction they received.
We have the honour to be,
Your Lordship’s most obedient Servants,
ANGUS SUTHERLAND, Chairman.
D. CRAWFORD. Deputy-Chairman.
D’ARCY W.. THOMPSON.
W: RB. DUGUID:
L. MILLOY.
D. MEARNS.
EE WATSON.
DAVID T. JONES, Secretary.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 13
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS.
I—ON THE HERRINGS OF THE CLYDE AND OTHER DIS-
TRICTS. By H. CuHas. Wiuttamson, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.E.,
Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Introduction, . ; : E } ‘ ; : F 13
Arrangement of Analysis : . : : : ; : 14
List of Contractions, . , A ‘ ‘ i : : 14
The Samples of Herrings, : : : : : : : 15
The Weight of the Herring, . : é : : : - 50
The Stage of Development of the Reproductive Organs, : : c 54
The Rate of Growth, . 5 : ; d ; : ; 57
The Spawning Seasons, . é ‘ ; ; : ; F 65
Food, : : ; : : ; : ‘ : : 65
Literature, : : ; 2 i : : : : 66
Additional Samples of Herrings, : : : t ; 4 67
In 1905 Dr. Fulton arranged for samples of herrings from the Clyde
and other districts to be sent to the Laboratory. They were obtained from
commercial fishing vessels. The herrings were in most cases sprinkled
with salt, and sent by rail to Aberdeen. On arrival they were in some
instances examined immediately; in other cases they were kept in the
cold store until required. The fishery officers in the different districts
forwarded most of the samples. A large and valuable series of samples
was sent by Mr. Johnston and the other officers in the Clyde district.
The scheme of enquiry drawn up by Dr. Fulton included records of the
length and weight of the fish, the sex, weight of the reproductive organs,
the sizes of the eggs, and general notes regarding the food, fat, &e.
In the following pages I give an analysis of all the samples, and also of
certain other lots of herrings which were preserved at the Laboratory.
Together they make a total of 147 samples. The herrings are classified
under the following headings:—(a) Immature, ie., herrings that have
never spawned; (6) Spawners, 7.¢.. those herrings in which the repro-
ductive organs have begun to ripen. They may be recognised several
months before they will spawn by the fact that the eggs have
begun to show yolk in them. They are sub-divided into winter and
summer spawners. (c) Spent herrings. They were further separated
into winter and summer spents. The spent is readily recognised immedi-
ately after it has spawned, but it becomes more and more difficult to
diagnose, as the reproductive organs eventually assume a small, shrunken
appearance, which may be confounded with an immature.
T have taken as a basis the generally-accepted division of herrings into
summer and winter spawning groups. As has been pointed out by several
writers, the spawning season for each group is an extended one. It would
probably be right to make two extra spawning seasons, viz., spring
and autumn. While it seems probable that considerable quantities of
herrings spawn in the autumn season, it may be that it is really a
season of late summer spawners and early winter spawners. During every
month of the year some of the herrings in the samples were full herrings,
B
14 Part IIL—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
i.e., the condition where the reproductive organ is so large that it can be
detected on the outside of the fish, owing to its filling up the abdomen and
offering resistance to compression with the fingers. In some cases, ¢.g.,
Upper Loch Fyne, July, the full herrings have been males chiefly, and they
might simply be regarded as complying with a fairly well established fact
that the males are ripe before the females. But there are full females
occurring then also, and, considering the small number of herrings
examined, the fact of their appearance at all in the samples indicates that
they must be present in each month in fairly large numbers.
Arrangement of Analysis.
The form in which the analysis will be arranged is as follows. The
herrings are grouped under three districts :—(1) the Clyde, (2) the West
Coast, (3) the East Coast. A list of the samples from each district is
given for each month of the year. The date of each is stated, but lots
belonging to different years are grouped together. In the majority of
samples the herrings are mixed. Very often summer spawners are found
with winter spawners, immature herrings with herrings that are nearly
ripe, spent herrings with others that are preparing to spawn. Hach sample
then is divided up into the different classes represented, the number of
individuals belonging to each being mentioned. In order to avoid the
repetition of the full names, winter spawners, summer spawners, &c., the
following contractions are used :—‘“‘8.” and “ W.” stand for summer and
winter respectively, while ‘“‘Spg.” and “‘ Aut.” represent spring and autumn ;
“Spr.” signifies spawner, while “Spt.” stands for spent. These two con-
tractions may be combined with any of the letters denoting the season of the
year, thus:—“ W. Spr” means winter spawner, while ‘‘S. Spt.” denotes
summer spent. The term spawner (‘‘Spr.”) is applied to a herring as
soon as the reproductive organs begin to ripen, 7.¢e., about six months before
it spawns, and is continued until the herring becomes a “full” (‘‘F.”) herring.
Immature herrings are represented by “Imm.” Immature herrings which
show that they have started to ripen, 7.e., in order to spawn for the first
time, are denoted by “Imm. dey.” (immature developing).
The range of length of the herrings is given in centimetres (cm. ”).
The extreme length is given, viz., from the point of the lower jaw to the
end of the longest caudal fin-rays. The range in size of the diameter of
the eggs in the ovaries is then added in millimetres (“‘mm.”) ‘The
breadths of the ovary (“0”) and testis (“‘t”) are given in millimetres. All
the ovaries and testes of the herrings have not, however, been measured, so
that the data are not to be regarded as exclusive.
An important character in the herring is the amount of abdominal fat
present. This varies very much. Even in the one class of herrings it is
seldom that all the herrings exhibit the same amount of abdominal fat.
Very often two quantities are stated, which give an idea of the limits or
average condition among each lot. .
Where the condition of the stomach was examined the presence or
absence of food is noted. The quality of the food of a large number of the
herrings here dealt with is treated by Dr. Scott.
List of Contractions.
Aut.—Autumn. S.-—_Summer.
dev.—Developing. Spg.—Spring.
F.—Full. Spr.—Spawner.
Fat—Abdominal Fat. Spt.—Spent.
Imm.—Immature. t—testis.
Imm. dev.—Immature developing. W.—Winter,
o--Ovary,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 15
At the end of each month the herrings are slumped, and the characters
of each class are then shown in general and discussed. A table gives the
weights in grammes of all the herrings at each centimetre size, the weights
in grammes of the pair of reproductive organs (ovaries or testes), the
breadth of the reproductive organs in mm., and the diameter of the eggs
in mm. All the herrings examined in the month are not included,
because these data were not noted on every herring.
The herrings of each class have been arranged together for each month,
and have been grouped in the tables given on pp. 59 to 62.
THE SAMPLES OF HERRINGS.
JANUARY.
CrypE.—Campbeltown, Macrinnan’s Pt., 18th January 1906 :—16
W. Spr. F., 23 to 31 cm.: eggs, 1:1-1°3 mm.: 0, 25-35 mm.; t, 20-30
mm. These herrings had their stomachs full of schizopods.
Crype.—Campbeltown, Mouth of Harbour, 20th January 1909 :—
9 Imm., 19 to 23 cm.: eggs, :12,°15 mm.: o, 3-4 mm.: +t, 1°5, 3 mm.:
fat, large quantity ; 20 Imm. dev, 18 to 24 em.: eggs, :2,°3 mm.: 0, 3-5
mm.: t, 3-45 mm.: fat, large quantity ; 15 W. Spr., 19 to 25 cm.: eggs,
4—8 mm.: o, 7-15 mm.: t, 10-20 mm.: fat, a little, a large quantity ;
2 8. Spr. 2, 21, 25 cm.: eggs, ‘15, -35 mm.: o, 3, 4 mm.: fat, large
quantity; 1S. Spt. g, 25 cm.: t, 4 mm.
Ciypr.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 22nd January 1907 :—15 W.Spr.
F., 26 to 32 cm.: eggs, 1:1, 1°2 mm.; 0, 22-32 mm.: t, 26-35 mm. : fat,
none. They all, with two exceptions, had food in their stomachs. Two
stomachs were empty ; the majority of the remainder were distended with
copepods. This sample includes some herrings three years old.
CuiypE.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 24th January 1907 :—55 W. Spr.
F., 23 to 31 cm. : eggs, 1:0-1:3 mm.: 0, 20-34 mm.: t, 20-43 mm.; fat,
none or merely a trace. Most of these herrings had remains of food in
their stomachs. Some stomachs were filled with copepods, while others
were empty.
Crypr.—Off Largs, 16th January 1907:—50 W. Spr. 23, to 28 em.:
eggs, ‘4-1:2 mm.: o, 6-23 mm.: t, 12-29 mm.: fat, much, none; | 8. Spt.
6, 24 cm.: t, 8 mm., shrunken: fat, none: this is possibly an autumn
spent. In most cases there were remains of food (schizopods) in the
stomachs ; some stomachs were empty.
CiypE. —Gareloch, 22nd January 1907 :—2 Imm. dev., 29, 23 cm.:
eggs, ‘25 mm.: o, 3:5 mm.: t,3mm.: fat, large quantity ; 40 W. Spr., 20
to 26 cm.: eggs, ‘6-1:1 mm.: o, 8-24 mm.: t, 7-25 mm.: fat, very little,
large quantity. Stomachs empty.
Crypr.—Loch Fyne, Ardrishaig, January 1906 :—6 W. Spr., 25 to 32
em, : eggs, 9-1'3 mm.
West Coast.—Stornoway, 2-3 miles off Tolsta Sands, 15th January
1907 :—37 W. Spr., 27 to 30 cm.: eggs, *8-1:2 mm.: o, 10-30 mm.: t,
20-34 mm.: fat, none or only a trace. Some stomachs contained the
remains of food (crustacea) ; others were empty.
West Coast.—Loch Broom, 26th January 1905 :—12 Imm., 19 to 25
mm.: eggs, not yolked: o, small; t, small, pink in colour; 13 8. Spr., 20
to 25 em.: eggs, up to ‘35 mm, getting yolked: o, small, developing: t,
small, white ripening; 18 W. Spr., 22 to 30 cm.: eggs, °5-1'2 mm.; 5
Spt., 26 to 29 cm.: eggs, -2, °25 mm., not yolked.
East Coast.—Firth of Forth, 3rd January 1908:—112 Imm. and‘Imm.
dev., 11 to 22 cm.: eggs, ‘1-2 mm.: 0, 1°25-4 mm.: t, 1-4 mm.: fat,
large quantity, a little. The herrings from 15 cm. upwards show eggs ‘17
16 Part I[1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
and ‘2 mm.: they will probably spawn during the summer; 8 W. Spr., 19
to 25 cm.: eggs, 6-9 mm.: 0, 9-12 mm.: t, 15-23 mm.: fat, a little,
large quantity. All the stomachs were empty.
Summary of Hach Class Represented.
Immature, 11 to 25 cm.: eggs, "1-15 mm.: 0, 1°25-4 mm.: t, 1-4 mm.:
fat, a large quantity, a little.
Imm. pEy., 15 to 24 cm.: eggs, ‘17-3 mm.: 0, 2°2-5 mm.: t, 2-45 mm.:
fat, large quantity.
W. Spr., 19 to 32 cm.: eggs, *4--1°3 mm.: o, 6-35 mm.: +t, 7-43 mm. ;
fat, none, large quantity.
S. Spr., 20 to 25 cem.: eggs, 15, °35mm.: o, 3, 4mm.: fat, large
quantity.
The immature condition in the ovary consists in its clear translucent
structure, closely packed septa, solid with eggs. When the eggs are very
small they are of an uniform size, whereas the spent roe seems to have a
bigger range in size. The immature fishes generally have a large quantity
of fat, and that may always give the abdomen a full appearance.
The immature testis, 40 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, has a clear glistening
outer surface. It has some longitudinal wrinkles on its flattened side. It
has a solid spongy structure. If teazed and washed in water, a quantity
of white coagulable matter is washed out, leaving a shreddy condition,
but no definite honeycomb structure. When the testis begins to ripen
(e.g. 48 mm. x 4 mm.) the testis may‘be very soft and pasty in texture. A
large quantity of albuminous matter can be washed out, leaving a distinct
honeycomb. On teazing an immature testis with needles it tends to split
longitudinally.
The Winter Spawners had eggs -4-1'3 mm., while the immature develop-
ing and summer spawners had eggs ‘15-3 mm. If we add these two lots
together we get a complete series from the immature condition right on to
the ripe. This would seem to indicate a continuous spawning from
January to summer.
The testis of a Summer Spent 25 cm. in length measured 71 mm. in length
by 4mm. broad. It was pale and opaquish. It was wrinkled longitudin-
ally. When a transverse section was cut it proved to be very extensile.
_ There was not much albuminous matter washed out, but a honeycomb
structure was found. The vas deferens and the blood vessel were large.
In the following table the range of weight of the herrings, the weight
of the reproductive organs and the breadth of the same, and the size of
the eggs in the ovary are given for each size of the fish. The extremes of
the ranges are alone given in the case of the total weight and breadth of
the reproductive organs. Only where there are more than two values are
the extremes united by a dash.
In the case of the diameter of the eggs, where two sizes are united by a
dash it signifies that eggs occurred at every ‘1mm. Thus where the
range (e.g., for 22 cm.) is given as '12—-7, eggs were found, in separate fishes,
sib) Lee.) 8,24, "Oy O50 aati.
The weight of the reproductive organs means the weight of the pair of
testes, or ovaries,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 17
Weight of | Breadth of
Range of j ; Diameter of
Length. ie, Reproductive | Reproductive
Nill ae Grgans.* Lane Eggs.
cm. grammes. grammes. mm. mm.
ll E 1.2 +8
12 ict, |
13 2 “li
14 5
15 1—2'5 12, °2
16 1-2:2
17 1-5-4 A 5 Piel
18 1°5-3'5 15-3
19 4p ” 15-15 12-2
20 61, 64 38 2:5-9 "15 252-7
21 68-79 2-5 2-17 "12-35, 5-9
22° Ta-99 4-8 3-18 229
23 80-114 2-13 3-28 15, °35-'8, 1:0-1:2
24 75-125 tesa 4-24 Ni 4 Ge T sted
25} 95-150 3°42] 4-25 *6-1°2
26 108-161 1:2-38 10-32 “2, °25, °5-1:3
27 Rat bo “846 18-30 "1-25, -9-1°3
28 154-243 12-47 17-30 -9-1-2
29 166-238 1:4-48 20-34 °25, 1:0-1:2
30 181-285 6°5-60 10-38 *8-1:2
31 193-321 35-66 25-43 1°0-1:2
32 265-319 5d; 59 28 3
* Herrings from Clyde and West Coast.
+ Herrings from Clyde, West Coast, and East Coast.
FEBRUARY.
CuypE.—Campbeltown, Ardnacross Bay, 5th February 1907 :—1 Imm
dev. 9, 26 cm.: eggs, °25 mm.: 0, 4mm.: fat, some; 57 W. Spr. F., 22 to
31 cm.: eggs, 1:0-1'25 mm.: o, 16-30 mm.: t, 17-38 mm.: fat, none, a
little. All had, with one or two exceptions, big stomachs full of copepods,
etc.
CiypE.—Campbeltown, Davaar Island, 14th February 1905 :—12 W.Spr.
F., 29 to 32 cm.
CiypE.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 22nd February 1907 :—4 Imm.,
22, 23 cm.; 23 W. Spr. F., 22 to 30 cm.: eggs, 1:0, 1:1 mm.: 0, 14-28
mm.: t, 10-24 mm.: fat, none; 16 W. Spt., 22 to 31 cm.: fat, none.
There were remains of food in the stomachs of both fulls and spents.
CiypE.—Ballantrae Bank, 28th February 1907 :—41 W. Spr. F., 23 to
27 cm.: eggs, 1:1-1°35 mm.: o, 17-28 mm.: t, 20-30 mm.: fat, none.
Their stomachs were empty; in one fish there was a brown fluid in the gut.
Crypz.—-Loch Striven, 20th February 1907 :—169 Imm., 14 to 23 cm.:
eggs, 1,15 mm.: 0, 2-4 mm.: t, 2, 3 mm.: fat, large quantity, some;
18 Imm. dev., 17 to 21 em.: eggs, ‘25-4 mm.: o, 3-5 mm.: t, 4 mm.:
fat, large quantity; 22 Spg. Spr., 17 to 21 cm.: eggs, 4-6 mm.:
o, 5-8 mm.: t, 4-8 mm.: fat, large quantity, none; 31 W. Spr., 18 to
21 cm.: eggs, ‘7-1:1 mm.: 0, 9-16 mm.: t, 7-19 mm: fat, none, some.
The stomachs were empty.
Wesr Coast.—Stornoway, off Cellar Head, 5th February 1908 :—27
W. Spr. F., 27 to 31 em. Food was found in one fish; the stomachs of
the others were empty.
18 Part ITI —Twenty-seventh Annual Report
West Coasr.—Stornoway, 2-3 miles off Tolsta Sands, 12th February
1907 :—35 W. Spr., 24 to 32 cm.: eggs, -8-1:1 mm.: o, 15-27 mm.: t,
20-32 mm.: fat, none, some. Schizopods anda sand-eel were observed in
certain stomachs; the majority of the latter were empty.
Wesr Coast.—Stornoway, 14 miles N.-W. of Butt of Lewis, 23rd .
February 1899 :—7 W. Spr. F., 29-34°5 cm.
West Coast.—Loch Broom, 17th February 1905:—4 Imm. dev., 21 to
24 cm.; 2 Spg. Spr. db, 23 em.; 4 W. Spr. F., 25 to 27 cm.
East Coast.—Firth of Forth, 18th February 1909:—4 Imm_, 21, 22 cm.:
0, very small: t, very small: fat, large quantity ; 24 W. Spr., 21 to 27 em.:
eggs, ‘9-1‘1 mm.; 1 W. Spt. 9, 21cm. A little food was observed in
certain of the stomachs.
Kast Coast.— Vicinity of St. Andrews Bay, llth February 1903 :—
4 Imm., 14 to 19 em.: fat, large quantity, none; 12 W. Spr. F., 23 to
28 cm.
Kast Coast.—Firth of Tay, 8th February 1905:—50 Imm., 7 to 19 em.:
eggs, ‘07-15 mm.: 0, 1°5-3°5 mm.: t, ‘7-3 mm.: fat, large quantity, none;
1 W. Spr. F. 3, 17 cm.: t, 10 mm.: fat, some.
East Coast.—Firth of Tay, 26th February 1906:—379 Imm., 8 to
20 cm.: o, 2 mm.: fat, a little; 2 Imm. dev. 18, 19 cm.: o, 4 mm; t,
5 mm.; 2 W. Spr. 9, 21 cm.
East Coast.—Moray Firth, 8th February 1905:—2 Imm. 13, 14 em.:
fat, none; 4 Imm., 15 to 18 mm.: fat, large quantity; 11 Imm. dev., 17
to 22 cm.: fat, large quantity; 4 W. Spr. F., 21 to 26 cm.
Summary.
InmaTurE, 8 to 23 cm.: eggs, 07-15 mm.: 0, 15-4 mm.: t, ‘7-3 mm.:
fat, large quantity, none.
Imm. DEv., 17 to 24, 26 cm.: eggs, ‘25-4 mm.: o, 3-5: t, 4 mm.: fat,
large quantity, some.
Spa. Spr., 17 to 23 em.: eggs, ‘4-6 mm.: o, 5-8 mm.: t, 4-8 mm.: fat,
large quantity, none.
W. Spr., 17 to 34 em.: eggs, ‘7-1:35 mm.: o, 9-30 mm.: t, 7-38 mm.:
fat, none, some.
Immature.—The immature ovary is plump, smooth on the outside
except for the curved bossing, due to the growth of the eggs stretching the
skin. The vein is wide. The eggs are, under the microscope, visible
through the skin. The lower edge of the ovary is crenate, marking the
internal transverse division by septa. In section the ovary is triangular
or wedge-shaped. The section is filled with eggs, which are closely packed
in the septa. There is no spacing between the eggs, which in one fish
17 cm. long were ‘1 mm. in diameter. Some eggs were larger ; they were
oval, measuring in long diameter'15 mm. The eges have very large nuclei.
Some very small eges—viz., ‘03 mm. in diameter—were also noticed. In
a spent ovary there is usually spacing between the eggs when the majority
are as small as the above.
The immature testis, in herrings 14-16 cm. long, bas a smooth, un-
wrinkled external skin; the vas deferens and the vein are large. The
testis is a solid filled with small cells. On teazing a portion in water very
little of the white coagulable matter was washed out. No honeycomb
structure was made out. The testis is a little crenate along its free edge.
Winter Spawners.—They measured from 17 to 34 cm. in length; 17 cm.
or less is then the lower limit of the first spawning shoal of winter spawners.
When all the winter spawners, viz., winter spawning developing, table,
p. 61, and “ fulls,” table, p. 60, are combined, there appears to be a break
in the series at 27 cm., but I am not able to regard that size of any definite
significance. )
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 19
Some of the herrings from Ballantrae Bank were running.
A number of spents appeared in certain of the samples. Some of these
were just spent, while others had spawned some time previously ; this fact
was indicated by the condition of the reproductive organs, which were
shrunken a little and recovered to some extent.
If the herrings with developing reproductive organs be combined, we
shall have a complete series of ovaries from the immature up to the ripe
condition, and having ova from ‘1 up to 1:3 mm. T assume that the
herrings that are just starting to develop with eggs, say, ‘25 mm. in
diameter will spawnin summer. And as some of the herrings are spawning
at present, it would seem to prove that spawning must take place con-
tinuously from winter to summer.
Comparatively large eggs are found in small ovaries of fishes 17 to 21
em. in length. Eggs °3 mm. in diameter were found in ‘ovaries 3 and 4
mm. broad; eggs -4 mm. in diameter, in ovaries 4-6 mm. broad; eggs
‘> mm. in diameter, in ovaries 5-7 mm. broad; eggs *6 mm. in diameter,
in ovaries 7 and 8 mm. broad; eggs ‘8 mm. in diameter, in ovaries 9 and
10 mm, broad ; eggs ‘9 mm. and upwards in diameter, in ovaries 10-17
mm. broad.
Bice. ae Weight of | Breadth of
Length. War. ht* Reproductive | Reproductive
8 Organs.* | Organs. f
Diameter of
Eggs. T
cm. gr ammes. grammes 0 MN mn,
11 1
12 1, 15 07
13 1-2 07, ‘1
14 % 1-1-5 ‘]
15 22-26 15-25 | +1
16 23-30 "i 15-3 |
17 31-35 a 2-10 15, °3, -4
18 31-52 5-3 2-14 1, °3, 24
19 39-52 8-6 3-19 15, -2,°4,°5, 7-11
2() 47-60 2-5 By 5, +6, 9, 1:0
2] 62, 68 1-8-9 2-18 6, °8, 1-1
22 62-77 8, 10 16,17 | -9, 1-2
23 72-111 2-94 3-29 1:0-1°3
24 92-126 9-39 17-28 1-:0-1°3
25 98-131] ay 18-30 1-0, 1-1
26 110-153 5-35 4-33 25, 1:0-1:2
27 133-172 14-35 18-28 1-0-1:3
28 139-184 10-36 17238 ‘9-1-2
29 153-203 10-39 15-30 ‘8-1-2
30 163-230 17-47 16-30 1-0-1-2
31 213-301 40-81 29, 33
32 236 42 32
* Herrings from Clyde and West Coast.
+ Herrings from Clyde, West Coast, and East Coast.
Marca.
CriypE.—Campbeltown, off Isle of Ross, 4th March 1908 :—54 W. Spt.,
24 to 29 cm.
CiyDE.—Campbeltown, Mouth of Loch, 11th March 1905:—2 W. Spr.,
F. d., 24, 26 em.; 22 W. Spt., 21 to 27 cm.
20 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
CiypE.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 24th March 1903 :—27 W. Spt.,
21 to 29 cm.: eggs, 1-2 mm.
CiypE.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 12th March 1907 :—1 Imm. g.,
23 cm.: t, 3°5 mm.: fat, a little; 1 Imm. dev. ?, 22 cm: eggs, 35 mm.:
o, 4 mm.: fat, a little; 47 W. Spt., 22 to 28 cm.: fat, none, much.
Food was generally present, in some cases in large quantity, in the
stomachs.
CuypE.—Machrie Bay, Arran, 24th March 1908:—10 W. Spr. F., 21
to 23 cm.; 43 W. Spt., 21 to 28 cm.
CiypE.—Ballantrae Bank, 13th March 1907 :—42 W. Spr. F., 23 to 29
em.: eggs, 1:1-1:25 mm.: 0, 17-25 mm.: t, 22, 26 mm.: fat, none, a trace ;
1 W. Spt. 3.,27 cm. One full herring had food in its stomach. No food
was found in the other herrings examined.
CiypE.—Kilbrennan Sound, Carradale, 26th March 1907 :—83 W. Spt.,
21 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘12 and ‘15 mm.: fat, none. In the majority of cases
food (copepods and schizopods) was present. Some herrings had large
stomachs filled with these forms.
Crype.—Kilbrennan Sound, near Skipness Wharf, 27th March 1907 :—
2 Imm. ¢., 22, 23 cm.: t, 2°5, 3 mm.: fat, some; 1 Imm. dev. @., eggs,
-3 mm.: o, 4 mm.: fat, none; 1 W. Spr. F. 9., 21 cm.: fat, none; 111 W.
Spt., 19 to 26 cm.: eggs, ‘1--2 mm.: 0, 3-9 mm.: t, 3-10 mm. : fat, none,
some; 48. Spr., 22 to 24 cm.: eggs, °3--45 mm.: o, 4-6 mm.: fat, much,
none.
West Coast.—Stornoway, 12th March 1907 :—26 W. Spr. F., 26 to
31 cm.: eggs, 1:1-1:2 mm.: 0, 20 mm.: fat, none; 26 W. Spt., 27 to 33
em.: fat, none. Both full and spent herrings had big stomachs full of
schizopods ; in both classes some stomachs were empty.
West Coast.—Loch Broom, 16th March 1905 :—8 Imm., 18 to 22 em.:
eggs, '15 mm.; 1 W. Spr. F. 2., 25 em.; 2 W. Spt., 22, 26 em.; 148.
Spr., 18 to 22 cm.: eggs, ‘25-35 mm.
East Coast.—Anstruther, 25th March 1905 :—31 W. Spr. F., 20 to
26 cm.
Summary.
ImmaturE.—18 to 23 cm.: eggs, 15 mm.: t, 2°5-3°5 mm.: fat, some,
Imm. DEV.—22, 23 cm.: eggs, ‘3, °35 mm.: o, 4 mm.: fat, none.
W. Spr. F.—20 to 31 em.: eggs, 1:1, 1:2 mm.: o, 17-23 mm.: t, 22,
26 mm.: fat, none, a trace.
W. Spr.—19 to 33 em.: eggs, ‘1-"2 mm.: 0, 3-9 mm.: t, 3-10 mm.:
fat, none, much. :
S. Spr.—l8 to 24 cm.: eggs, -25—-45 mm.: 0, 4-6 mm.: fat, much,
none.
Winter Spawners.—In the hind part of the oviduct of the full herring
the ripe eggs were concreted together, and the eggs had, through mutual
pressure, assumed a spindle-shape. The germinal tissue between the ripe
eggs in the ovary contains cges measuring from ‘(5-2 mm. in diameter.
In the ripe testis the milt isin the form of a white pasty material. The
skin of the testis is ridged in the form of a honeycomb on its internal
surface ; blood vessels run through it.
Winter Spents.—The spent fish is thin, slack in the abdomen, and very
often has no abdominal fat. When recently spent the reproductive organ
is very soft and flabby. In the ovary old eggs which had been ripe, but
which had not been extruded, may be found loose; the other eggs present
in the ovarian tissue are minute, about -15--2 mm. in diameter. The
ovary soon shrinks to a small size. Some spent ovaries were as small as
3 and 3°5 mm. in breadth. They may shrink to a flattened condition.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 21
The testis is very similar. Old sperm can be washed out of the testis,
leaving an open honeycomb, sponge structure. Some of the testes had
shrunk to a breadth of 2°5 and 3 mm.
Herrings from Clyde and West Coast.
Weight of | Breadth of
Length. abe: oa ae the
rgans. Organs.
em. grammes. grammes. mm mm.
19 dt re 3 :
20 56 “1 2°5, 3 ly
21 54-67 be 2°5-7 aH)
22 62-84 <1 25-7 1-4
23 71-99 < 2-20 3-21 1-35, 1-2
24 81-110 1-18 3-22 "1-3, 1:2
25 89-128 1-8-2383 9-26 “Ze lo ilt
26 100-137 <1-14 8-17 "kD, F-2
27 103-163 11-28 aS, ee Ee
28 111-176 16, 22 as Ee), 2
29 143-189 og 5"
30 171-191
33 194
APRIL.
CiypE.—Campbeltown, off Macrinnan’s Point, 3rd April 1906 :—1 W.
Spr. 2, 20 em.: partly spawned; 85 W. Spt., 21 to 28 cm.: eggs, °05,
‘1 mm.: 0, 10, 15 mm.: t, 8-14 mm.: fat, none. There was food (cope-
pods) in many stomachs ; some were empty.
Ciype.—Campbeltown, off Macrinnan’s Pvint, 21st April 1908 :—2
Imm. d, 22, 24 em,: t, very small: fat, great quantity; 77 W. Spt., 19 to
28 cm.: fat, none, some. The stomachs were empty.
CiypE.—Campbeltown, off Isle of Ross, 8th April 1908 :—74 W. Spt.,
22 to 28 cm.: fat, none. The stomachs were empty.
CiypE.—Campbeltown, Machrie Bay, 9th April 1907 :—100 W. Spt.,
0, 4-13 mm.: t, 3-13 mm.: fat, none. Traces of food were present in the
stomachs.
Ciype.—Kilbrennan Sound, 1 mile N. of Skipness, 10th April 1908 :-—
1 Imm. @, 20 cm.: 0, small: fat, great quantity; 110 W. Spt., 19 to
27 cm. : o, small: t, small: fat, none, some. Food was noticed in some
cases; it consisted of copepods and schizopods.
Ciypr.—Loch Fyne, near Crossaig, 29th April 1905 :—88 W. Spt., 22
to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘1-17: fat, none, some. Some of the spents are
beginning to lay up abdominal fat. The stomachs were large and full of
copepods.
CiypE.—Loch Fyne, Tarbert, 22nd April 1905:—9 W. Spt., 21 to
25 cm.: t, 3 mm.: fat, none.
CiypE.—Loch Fyne, Tarbert, 27th April 1905:—19 Imm., 17 to 21 cm.:
eggs, "1-25: 0, 2-4 mm.: t, 2-4 mm.; 2 8. Spr. g, 18, 19 cm.: t,
5mm.; 3 W. Spt., 19, 21 cm.: eggs, "1 mm.: o, 6 mm.: t, 4, 5 mm.
Ciypr.—Loch Fyne, Ardrishaig, 4th April 1905:—2 W. Spr. F., 27,
29 cm. (one partly spawned): fat, none; 6 W. Spt., 21 to 29 cm.: fat,
22 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
none, a trace; 1 8. Spr. d, 22 cm.: fat, none. The sample consists of two
classes of fish—one thin, the other class thicker in the body; 7.e., some of
the spents have recovered to some extent.
Ciype,—Loch Fyne, Kilmichael Beg, 23rd April 1906 :—304 Imm., 14
to 23 em.: eggs, ‘(05-15 mm.: o, 15-5 mm.: t, 1-4 mm.: fat, some;
2 Imm. dev., 21, 22 cm.: eggs, ‘25 mm.: t, 5 mm.: fat, some; 1 W. Spr.
F. 9, 22 cm.: eggs, 1:'4mm.; 28. Spr. d, 21, 22 cm.: t, 9,10 mm.: fat,
some; 127 W. Spt., 19 to 26 cm.: eggs, 05-15 mm.: o, 4-6 mm.: tf,
4-7 mm.: fat, some. The stomachs contained copepods, and in some cases
schizopods ; only a few were empty. This sample of herrings was captured
by Dr. Fulton.
East Coast.—Anstruther, 7th April 1905:—24 W. Spr. F., 21 to
27 cm.; 2 W. Spt., 23, 30 cm.: eggs, 15 mm.
Hast Coast.—Aberdeen, 115 miles H.S.E. of, 24th April 1908:—5 Imm.,
23 cm.: o, 1, 4 mm.: t, 3°5 mm.: fat, large quantity; 154 8. Spr., 21 to
27 cm.: eggs, ‘2-35 mm.: o, 3-7°5 mm.: t, 3-9 mm.: fat, from a large
quantity to none—as a rule, very little, or none; 12 W. Spt., 21 to
26 cm.: eggs, °2 mm.: o, 4, and flabby condition: t, 5-5, and “skin”
condition : fat, little or none. The stomachs were empty.
Summary.
ImMmMaturE.—14-24 cm.: eggs, ‘05-'25 mm.: o, 1-5 mm.: t, 1-4 mm.:
tat, some, great quantity. (See Analysis given below.)
Imm. pEv.— 18, 21, 22 cm.: eggs, °25 mm.; t, 5 mm.: fat, some.
S. Spr.—l7-27 cm.: eggs, °2--35 mm.: 0, 3-7°5 mm.: t, 3-10 mm.:
fat, asa rule a little, but also large quantity, and none. (See Analysis
given below.)
W. Spr. F.—20-27 cm.: eggs, 1°4 mm.
W. Spr.—19-30 cm.: eggs, -°05--2 mm.: o, 4-15 mm.: t, 3-14 mm.:
fat, none, some.
The herrings (immature, summer spawners, and winter spents)
examined during this month are characterised by having a small amount of
abdominal fat.
The immature herrings were got in Kilmichael Beg, while the summer
spawners were obtained in the North Sea. On reference to the table it
will be seen that the immature herrings measured from 14 to 24 cm. in
length. These I regard as winter-spawning herrings, which will spawn for
the first time in the following winter. The winter spawners of the past
winter are represented by the spents measuring from 19--30 cm. This lot
contains the first spawning group. In Kilmichael Beg the winter spents
measured from 19 to 26cm. There is therefore a year’s difference in age
between the immature and the winter spents. The summer spawners
measure from 17 to 27 cm. They will probably spawn for the first time
within three or four months. In age they come about midway between
the immature and winter spents. Taking the age of the winter-spawning
herring from February, I regard the immature herrings as being fourteen
months old, the winter spents as two years and two months, while the
summer spawners, counting from the month of August, are twenty months
old (wide p. 57). Nowinthe matter of the abdominal fat, the immature and
summer spawners are little better than the winter spents. The immature are
beginning to store up fat; some have already a large quantity, but most
have little. The winter spents show a similar condition. During the
summer the winter spents and immatures will store up much fat and
become ‘“ matjes”—that is, very fat herrings having small reproductive
organs which are about to ripen. The herrings have probably been
growing since the winter. The summer spawning herrings will not lay up
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 23
abdominal fat at this season, since the food material will be required for
forming the roe and milt. The rate of growth is discussed at pp. 57 to
64. The analysis of the herrings from the standpoint of the amount of
abdominal fat is given in the following table :—
Abdominal Fat.
IMMATURE. S. Spr. W. Spr.
Hepsth. L Practi- L Practi-
0 age _| Some. | cally a'8° | Some.| None. || Some.| cally
Quantity. NEO Quantity. None
cm.
14 pe 5 1
15 3 8 2
16 6 3 4
Lye 2 5 2
18 1 8 3 Ne
19 28 5 1
20 64 14 = 2
21 60 20 1 10 9
22, 1 15 12, 2 6 5 18 df
23 4 1 8 21 15 20 6
24 1 12 23 20 14 rf
25 2 Teli 16 3 4
26 4 4 Di
27 1
The Winter Spents show various stages of recovery after spawning.
Some ovaries and testes are flabby, skin-like; others are shrinking and
filling; some have shrunk to a small size. Ina sample of herrings different
states of the reproductive organs may be found, showing that the herrings
represented there had spawned at different times. Old unspawned ripe
eggs were observed in several ovaries. They were to be detected even in
shrunken ovaries. Some of the ovaries are becoming plump, although soft.
On cutting a transverse section of a spent ovary a wide lumen is usually
found in the oviduct. In one female 27 em. long the new crop of eggs (of
which the largest measured ‘17 mm. diameter) was being formed. The ovary
was not, however, filled up; there was room between the eggs.
Traces of fat folds appear in the abdomen in some of the spents.
Winter Spawners.—The winter spawners were full, in some cases partly
spawned.
|TABLE
24 Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
Herrings from the Clyde.
Weight of | Breadth of
Range of : ; Diameter of
Length. : Reproductive | Reproductive
P eae Oe Ones: 88s:
em. grammes. grammes. mm. mm.
14 12, 20: eh ,
15 15-19 bi: 15 05
16 14-28 By si "05
Wg 21-29 <'l 2,3 05
18 22-37 lh ak 1-3 05-2
19 29-49 ly 15-3 mal ales
20 31-54 eel. P| 1:5-8 05, 15
21 29-59 | 1-10 "05-25
22 36-74 <‘l-6'8 2°5-9 05-25, 1:4
23 45-88 <‘l-1-1 1-12 05-25
24 49-96 2-8 4-13 "05-35
25 62-107 Lb 4-13 05-25
26 58-107 4 7-14 lL
27 76-137 12, 20 aL
28 67
29 88
30 78
Herrings from the neighbourhood of Ardrishaig (including Inverneil Bay,
Castleton Bay), between March 30th and May 5th 1905.—They were
as follows :—
66 Imm., 16-32 cm.: eggs, 15 mm.: 0, 3, 4mm.: t, 1-5-4 mm.: fat,
large quantity, none; 6 W. Spr. F., 28, 29 cm.: 0, 21 mm,: t, 20-27 mm.:
fat, none; 19 W. Spt., 20-30 cm.: eggs, (15 mm.: 0, 35-9 mm.: t,
2-11 mm,: fat, much, practically none; 3 S. Spr. ¢, 22, 27 cm.: t,
7-12 mm. : fat, none.
Only one full female was obtained; it was partly spent. Five full males
were obtained ; one was partly spent.
Of the full herrings five had empty stomachs. In three the stomach
was shrunken. Some immature herrings had stomachs full of copepods ;
one or two had empty stomachs, while in the case of four the stomach was
shrunken,
May.
Crypz.—Campbeltown, off Brown Head, 15th May 1907 :—52 W. Spt.,
24 to 28 cm.: eggs, 12-2 mm.: 0, 5-8 mm.: t, 4-7 mm.: fat, a little,
none; 18. Spr. 2., 24 cm.: eggs, °75 mm.: 0, 11 mm.: fat, none. Some
of the stomachs were full of copepods: others were empty. Some pelagic
fish-eggs were seen in one stomach.
Crype.—Campbeltown, Machrie Bay, Arran :—73 W. Spt., 23 to 27
em.: eggs,"2mm. The stomachs contained copepods.
CLyDE.— 4 30th May 1908 :—96 W. Spt., 22 to 29 em.: eggs,
‘land ‘15 mm.: 0, 5 mm.: t, 4 mm.: fat, some, much. The stomachs
were full of copepods and schizopods.
Curypr.—Loch Fyne, between Skipness and Laggan, 11th May 1909 :—
17 Imm., 19 to 25 em.: eggs, ‘17-2 mm.: 0, 3 and 4 mm.: t, 2-4 mm.:
fat, much, none; 1 8S. Spr. 2., 21 em.: eggs, 5 mm.: o, 4 mm.: fat,
i
OL
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 2
much; 76 W. Spt., 21 to 30 cm.: t, 4 mm.: fat, none, some. The
stomachs were full of copepods.
Cuypr.—Loch Fyne, 1 mile S. of Tarbert, 15th May 1906:—1 Full
herring, 3, nearly ripe, 25 cm.: t, 24 em. : fat, practically none; 45 Imm.,
18 to 23 cm.: eggs, ‘1-2 mm.: 0, 15-4 mm.: t, ‘2-4 mm.: fat, much,
some ; 21 W. Spt., 21 to 24 cm.: eggs, (05-15 mm.: o, 25-8 mm.: t, 5
and 6 mm.: fat, much, some. In most cases the stomachs contained
copepods.
CrypE.—Loch Fyne, Ardrishaig (?), 14th May 1908 :—6 Imm., 19 to 23
cm. : eggs, ‘15 mm.: t, 2-35 mm.: fat, large quantity, some ; 1S. Spr. 2.,
20 cm.: eggs, °27 mm.: 0, 4 mm.: fat, much; 90 W. Spt., 20 to 27 cm.:
eggs, 12-2 mm.: 0, 3-8 mm.: t, 3-5 mm.: fat, some, much, none. The
stomachs were empty in some fishes ; food was found in certain cases.
CiypE—Loch Fyne, near Ardrishaig, 7th May 1908:—1 Imm. @.,
14 em. : eggs, ‘1 mm.: fat, a little; 14 W. Spt., 20 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘1,
‘12 mm.: fat, a little, none. The stomachs, with two exceptions, were
empty ; these were filled with copepods and schizopods.
Ciype.— Upper Loch Fyne, 23rd May 1906 :—1 Full herring, ?., 18 cm. :
eggs, 1:1 mm.: ovary,9mm. [This fish seemed to be partly spent.] 139
Imm., 15 to 22 cm. : eggs, 1,15 mm.: +, 7, and flattened: fat, large quantity
(in one case, a trace of fat only); 3 W. Spt. 2., 21, 22 cm.: old eggs in
ovary in one case: 0, 7 mm., thin skin condition: fat, much. The
stomachs were, with a few exceptions, full of copepods ; the few exceptions
were empty.
Crypr—Upper Loch Fyne, 19th May 1905 :—1 Full herring, ¢., 35cm. ;
iW spt. 2.; 35 em.
West Coasr.—Stornoway, 20 miles N. of Rona, 26th May 1905 :—
11 Imm., 20 to 25 em.: eggs, 1-15 mm.: 0, 4,5 mm.: t, 3, 5 mm.; 11
S. Spr., 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, ‘3-5 mm.. t, 9, 10 mm.; 3 Full herrings,
25, 26 cm. (one d, 26 em., was partly spawned) ; 22 W. Spt., 22 to 26 cm. :
eggs, 15-25 mm.: t, 6-13 mm.
West Coast.—Stornoway, 17th May 1907:—1 S. Spr. 9. 28 cm.:
eggs, ‘7 mm.: o, 14 mm.: fat, much; 48 W. Spt., 26 to 30 cm.: eggs, ‘1,
‘15 mm.: 0, 6-8 mm.: t, 8 mm: fat, large quantity, some. There was
food present in some stomachs. .
East Coast.—Aberdeen Bay, 15th May 1902 :—22 Imm., 12 to 16 cm.:
o, 2mm.: t, 1:5 mm.: fat, large quantity, some.
East Coast.—Aberdeen, 40 miles E. by N. of Buchan Ness, 15th May
1908 :—49 S. Spr., 22 to 27 cm.: eggs, °25-4 mm.: o, 5-14 mm.: t,
4-14 mm.: fat, some, much, none. Some of these herrings had the
stomach full of copepods and schizopods ; others had empty stomachs.
Summary.
ImmaturE.—12-25 em.: eggs, "1-2 mm.: 0, 15-5 mm.: t, 2-5 mm.:
fat, “a little” to “ large quantity.”
Fuii.—18-26 cm. : eggs, 1:1 mm.: 0, 9 mm.: t, 24 mm.: fat, practically
none.
W. Spr.— 20-35 em. : eggs, ‘05-25 mm.: 0, 2°5-8 mm.: t, 4-13 mm.:
fat, from “none” to “a large quantity ” (Stornoway).
S. Spr.—20-28 om. : eggs, 25-5, ‘7, °75 mm.: o, 5-14 mm.: t, 4, 14
mm.: fat, “none” to “ much.”
Immature.—The ovary was more or less solid. The testis was shreddy
in structure. The amount of abdominal fat varied. In some it was large ;
in others it was practically absent.
Full.—Six full herrings were obtained ; both sexes were represented,
Certain of these were partly spawned,
26 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
S. Spr.—tThe ovary and testis were in many cases small but ripening.
The ovary was red or pink in colour, clear, plump, and soft. The eggs are
yolked. When the eggs were 25 it was possible in some cases to detect
the small opaquish eggs with the naked eye. White vessels are visible in
the ovary, which is elastic in nature. The ovary soon becomes opaque in
formaline solution, showing that it contains an albuminous fluid.
The testis is clear, pink, ~ soft, and sometimes shows longitudinal wrinkles
on its flat side. When teazed in fresh water it gets opaque owing to the
coagulation of its fluid. It is filled with this fluid, which, when the testis
is cut, oozes out and coagulates to a fine white powdery precipitate. If
the portion of tissue is washed well in water a shreddy and sometimes the
honeycomb structure is visible.
The abdomen is slack.
Winter Spent.—The reproductive organ may be flabby, thin, or shrunk,
skin-like. When it begins to develop again it becomes plump, clear, and
red or pink in colour. The stroma is gauzy, loose, with the eggs scattered
through it, not packed close together. Eggs in the process of division are
present. There is a considerable lumen in the ovary ; the oviducal part
is wide. Asa rule there were no yolked eggs in these spents. A certain
amount of white matter (coagulated albuminous fluid) comes out when the
ovary is teazed in water. The testis may be flabby, pink, soft, shrunk,
small, or skin-like. The outside skin may be deeply wrinkled. The testis,
although shrivelled, shows the honeycomb or sponge structure. Some
albuminous matter comes out of the tissue, which is shreddy.
The winter spents from Stornoway were very fat, much fatter than
those from the Clyde.
Range of HY Tab ee || | teen) Diameter of
Length. Waicht y | Reproductive | Reproductive Basen
ay Organs.* Organs. T SB
om. grammes. grammes. mm. mm.
12 2
13 :
14 Me Le it
15 17, 23 bit sts
16 23, 28 Si Ay 21
ky 33, 37 ne os
18 30-48 2 td 3, 9 Lopate
us) 34-60 ee, 1-5-4 1-2
20 33-67 ae, 2-4 15-27
21 42-77 1—7 2°5-7 UU)
22 52-77 1-3 2-7 05-25
23 52-96 1-3 2-6 1-3
24 64-104 2,°4 4—]] 1-:25, °75
25 74-114 5 3-24 1-4
26 95-128 4-10 1—3
27 110-162 : 5-12 15-35
28 124-171 6, 5 6-14 a Ma 17
29 143-172 af Ae ve
30 154-178 bs a) it
35 295, 379 at ai
* Herrings from Clyde and West Coast.
+ Herrings from Clyde, West Coast, and East Coast.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
Herrings from Ardrishaig, Loch Fyne, date ? April or May
204 Imm.,
16 to 23 em.:
egos, ‘05-25 mm.
o, 2-4 mm. :
t, 2-5 mm.:
fat, large quantity, but in some cases only a Mitte or none; | Full, 9.,
21 cm.: eggs, 1:0 mm.: fat, little or none; 24 W. Spt., 18 to 23 cm.:
eges, ‘1, 15 mm.: o, 3-10 mm.: t, 4-7 mm.: fat, asa rule a fair quantity,
it varied from “ much ” to “a little” or “none.” The fishes were feeding on
copepods ; a certain proportion had empty stomachs,
Table of the Sizes of the Herrings.
Length ee W. Spt. Full
cm. 2
16 1 an
17 4 sz
18 17 1
19 48 ss
20 79 1 My
21 43 5 it
22 9 12
23 3 5
Weight of | Breadth of ;
Length EN Reproductive | Reproductive ygeenie a
eight. ce One: Eggs.
ans. rgans.
em. grammes. grammes. mm. mm
leh 37, 44 | 3 “il
18 46—54 ral ge 2-7 15
19 43-61 <‘l-4 2-4 1-2
20 49-74 1-4 2-5 1-25
21 56-81 1—5 2-5 kote O
22 67-92 1-8 2-10 "05-15
23 68-102 2-11 2°5-7 i
JUNE.
CiyDE.—Campbeltown, Davaar I., 4th June 1908 :—46 W. Spt. 23 to
29 cm.: eggs, °12---25 mm.: 0, we mm.: t, agit mm.: fat, large
quantity, some; 18. Spr. 9, 27 cm.: eggs, 35 mm. fat, some. The
stomachs contained food ; in some cases es they were full.
SE ——Campbeltown, Saddel Ee 6th June by be :—83 W. Spt., 21 to
28 cm.: eggs, "1-2 mm.: o, 4-6 mm.: t, 2-5 mm.: fat, great quantity ;
38. Spr., 23, 24 cm. : eggs, "3, ‘4mm. : fat, great quantity. These herrings
appeared to be spents. They may have been summer (autumn) spents.
The stomachs contained copepods.
CriypE.—Campbeltown, 7 miles 8.W. of Sanda, 18th June 1908 :—55
W. Spt., 21 to 27 em.: eggs, 15, °2 mm.: o, 4-10 mm. t, 3-9 mm. ee
great quantity ; 4S. Spr., 26, 27 cm.: eggs, ‘3-55 mm.: o, 9-16 mm.
t, 12 mm.: fat, great quantity, much. Some had food in the stomach ;
others had none.
Ciypr.—Campbeltown, Brown Head, Arran, 20th June 1907 :—84
W. Spt., 22 to 28 cm. ; eggs, ‘12-25 mm.; o, 2-6 mm.; t, 2-6 mm. ; fat,
28 Part ITT.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
great quantity; 18.Spr. 9, 25 cm.: eggs, -4 mm.: o, 10 mm,: fat, great
quantity ; 3 Unclassified, 24 cm.: 0, 7 mm.: fat, great quantity.
Crypr.—4 miles W.N.W. of Girvan, lst June 1906:—48 Imm., 19 to
27 cm.: eggs, 1-2 mm.: 0, 2°5-6 mm.: t, 2-8 mm.: fat, great quantity,
some; 20 W. Spt., 23 to 25 cm.: eggs, 1,°15 mm. : o, skin-like, 7-10 mm. :
t, skin-like, 5-9 mm.: fat, great quantity, a little; 1S. Spr. 2, 23 cm.:
eggs, 35 mm.. 0, 8 mm.: fat, great quantity; 16 Unclassified, 21 to 26
em.: eggs, ‘1,15 mm.: o, 5-8 mm.: t,5 mm.: fat, great quantity, some.
The stomachs were full of copepods.
CiypE.—Rothesay Bay, lst June 1906 :—89 Imm., 15 to 21 cm.: eggs,
‘1 mm.: o, 4mm.: fat, much, Most of the fishes had stomachs full of
copepods.
Ciypr.—Loch Fyne, between Laggan and Tarbert, 23rd June 1908 :—
70 W. Spt., 24 to 29 cm.: eggs, '1-'25 mm.: o, 7-15 mm.: t, 6-10 mm.:
fat, great quantity.
Ciypr.—Loch Fyne, south of Tarbert, 13th June 1906 :—56 Imm., 18
to 23 cm.: eggs, 1-25 mm.: 0, 2-5 mm.: t, 2-5 mm.: fat, great quan-
tity, some; 16 W. Spt., 19 to 25 cm.; eggs, ‘1-2 mm., 0, 2-7 mm.: t,
5 mm.: fat, large quantity; 17 Unclassified, 19 to 24 em.: eggs, *1, ‘2 mm.:
o, 3-5 mm.; t, 5 mm.: fat, large quantity. The stomach contained cope-
pods in many cases ; about halt the total number were empty.
Criypr.—Loch Fyne, Otter, 20th June 1907:—1 S. Spr. 2, 24cm. : eggs,
5 mm.: 0, 5 mm.: fat, great quantity; 11 W. Spt., 21 to 25 cm.: o, 3-10
mm.: t, 3-6 mm.: fat, great quantity. Stomachs empty.
Crypre.—Loch Fyne, Lochgair, 1st June 1906:—38 Imm., 18 to 23 cm.:
eggs, ‘1--2 mm.: 0, 3, 4mm.: t, 2-6 mm.: fat, great quantity; 15 W. Spt.,
20 to 25 cm.: eggs, ‘1, °15 mm.: 0, 5 and 6 mm.: t, 5 mm.: fat, great
quantity ; 20 Unclassified, 19 to 23 cm.: t, 5 mm.: fat, great quantity ;
18. Spr. 9, 23 em.: eggs, °3 mm.: 0, 5 mm.; fat, great quantity. The
stomachs, with a few exceptions, contained copepods; a small proportion
were empty. ;
Crype.— Upper Loch Fyne, 9th June 1906 :—64 Imm., 16 to 21 cm.:
egos, (1-25 mm.: o, 2-4 mm.: t, 1:5-4 mm.: fat, great quantity; 4
S. Spr., 18 to 20 cm.: eggs, °35 and °4 mm.: o, 4and 5 mm.: t, 6 and 7
mm.: fat, great quantity ; 3 W. Spt., 21, 22 cm.: eggs, ‘1, 15 mm.: 0,
4,6 mm.: fat, great quantity. The stomachs were, with three exceptions,
empty ; three contained copepods.
West Coast.—Off Lochboisdale, 4 mile from shore, 19th June 1906 :—
68 Imm., 22 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘1-25 mm.: 0, 2°5-5 mm.: t, 3-7 mm.:
fat, large quantity, some; 25 W. Spt., 23 to 29 cm.: eggs, °2, ‘25 mm.:
o, 5-8 mm.: t, 8 mm.: fat, large quantity ; 8 S. Spr., 23 to 27 cm. : eggs,
‘3-4, 1-1 mm.: o, 5-15 mm.: t, 13, 14 mm.: fat, large quantity ; 6 Un-
classified, 24 to 27 cm. : eggs, 15 mm.: 0, 5 mm.: t, 6 mm.: fat, large
quantity. One of the S. Spr., viz.,a 9, 25 cm., was full. The stomachs
contained copepods, in some cases in large quantity ; a few stomachs were
empty.
West Coast.—} mile off Knock, Lewis, 28th June 1906 :—8 Imm., 23
to 26 cm.: eggs, 15, °25 mm.: 0, 4 mm. broad; t, 3-4 mm.: fat, great
quantity ; 7 W.Spt., 25 to 27 cm.: eggs, 1-3 mm.: 0, 5-9 mm.: t, 5-7
mm.: fat, great quantity; 12 8. Spr., 22-27 em.: eggs, '3--6 mm.: 0, 5-12
mm.: t, 8-15 mm.: fat, large quantity, a little ; 6 Unclassified, 25 and 26
cm.: t, 6-12 mm.: fat, great quantity. The food found in the stomachs
was copepods, larvee of decapod crustacea, sand-eels (ammodytes sp.).
West Coast.—Stornoway, 1-3 miles off Tiumpan Head, 21st June 1907 :
—41 W. Spt., 24 to 31 em. : eggs, °15-:25 mm.: o, 3-8 mm.: t, 5, 7 mm.:
fat, great quantity ; 1 S Spr. 2, 26 cm.: eggs, 45 mm.: o, 11 mm.: fat
great quantity ; 2 Full herrings, d, half-spawned, 26, 27 em.; fat, none, a
so sieiae s eh es ——
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 29
little ; 2 Unclassified, 2, 27, 28 cm.: fat, great quantity. The food con-
sisted of schizopods; some stomachs were empty.
East Coast.—Firth of Forth, 5th June 1903:—23 Imm., 10-14 mm.:
fat, great quantity to little or none; 8 Imm., 17 to 20 cm.: eggs, °15, ‘2
mm.: 0, 2'5,3 mm.: t, 2, 3 mm.: fat, large quantity to none.
East Coast.—Aberdeen, 90 miles east of, 5th June 1908 :—23 Spents
(previous summer), 23 to 26 cm.: eggs, °25--4 mm.: 0, 7-11 mm.: t, 6-10
min.: fat, large quantity, some ; 88. Spr., 23 to 26 cm.: eggs, 32-4 mm.:
o, 7-11 mm.: t, 65-15 mm.: fat, large quantity, some: one of these S. Spr.
was a “full” male. In the majority the stomachs were empty ; some con-
tained copepods.
Kast Coast.—Aberdeen, 19th and 23rd June 1908 :—4 Spents (previous
summer), 9, 24, 25 cm.: eggs, ‘27-5 mm.: 0, 6-10 mm.: fat, much, some;
4-8. Spr., 24 to 26 em.: eggs, 35, °7 mm.: o, 9, 16 mm.: t, 8, 14 mm.:
fat, large quantity, a little. Crustacea were found in one stomach ; the
other stomachs were empty.
Kast Coast.—-Peterhead, 42 miles N. by E., 20th June 1906 :—29
Spents, 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, 15 to °3 mm.: o, 5-10 mm.: t, 5 to 10 mm.:
fat, large quantity, very little; 12S. Spr., 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, -3--5 mm. :
o, 5-9 mm.: t, 6--25 mm.: fat, large quantity, practically none; 11 Un-
classified, 22 to 25 em.: eggs, 25 mm.: o, 3-7 mm.: t, 4-6 mm.: fat, large
quantity, some. The majority had empty stomachs; a few had a little food
in the stomach. Some of the 8. Spr. may be summer spents (of last year),
while the Spents probably consist of the same class.
Hast Coast.— Wick, 30 miles E. by N. of, 28th June 1906:—5 Imm.
dev., 22 to 24 cm.: eggs, ‘3 mm.: o, 6 mm.: t, 3, 5 mm.: fat, large
quantity, some ; 22 Spents, 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, -2--5 mm.: o, 5-9 mm.:
t, 5-13 mm. : fat, large quantity; 9S. Spr., 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, *35-"45
mm.: 0, 5-7 mm,: t, 16, 20 mm.: fat, large quantity, a little: 5 Unclassi-
fied, 21 to 24 cm.: t, 6 mm.: fat, large quantity. Some stomachs were
empty ; others contained copepods. These herrings were fat, but not so fat
as the Castlebay herrings. As to the exact description of the ‘‘ Spents,” it
is difficult to decide to what spawning they belong. They were to all
appearance spent fishes, that is, so far as the reproductive organs went ; but
all, even those with eggs as small as ‘°2 mm., had a large quantity of
abdominal fat. One of these having eggs ‘2 mm. I had described as “ ap-
parently just spent.” It is no doubt a winter spent, or may be a spring
spent, while those having larger eggs might be autumn or early winter
spents. One of the 8S. Spr., a male, was a full herring.
East Coast,—Lerwick, 50-70 miles E. of Bressay, 29th June 1906:—
1 Imm., 27 em.: fat, large quantity: 9 Spents, 25 to 27 cm: eggs, °2--5 mm:
o, 5-14 mm.: t, 17 mm.: fat, large quantity, some; 31 S. Spr. dev., 24 to
27 cm.; eggs, 3-8 mm.: 0, 7-22 mm.: t, 7-17 mm.: fat, large quantity,
some; 3 8. Spr. F., 26,27 em: t, 20 mm.: fat, large quantity; 5 Unclassi-
fied, 26, 27 c.m.: eggs, '2mm.: 0, 2,5 mm.: t, 4, 7 mm.: fat, large quantity.
Most of the stomachs were empty; a few copepods were found in three
stomachs. Some of the spents appeared to be ‘‘just spent.” One ¢ was
partly spent.
IumaturE.—10 to 28 cm.: eggs, 1-25 mm.: 0, 2-6 mm.: t, 2-8 mm. : fat,
from “a great quantity,” to “little or none.”
Imm. Dev.—22 to 24 cm.: eggs, 3 mm.: 0, 6 mm.: t, 3, 5 mm.; fat,
large quantity, some.
W. Spr.—19 to 31 em.: eggs, -1—3 mm.: o, 4-15 mm., skin-like: t, 1°5-
11 mm., skin-like: fat, ‘large quantity ” to ‘“ very little.”
SPENTS (previous summer or autumn)—22 to 27 cm.: eggs, ‘25-"5 mm.:
o, 5-14 mm.: t, 5-17 mm.: fat, “large quantity,” “some.”
c
30 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
S. Spr.—18 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘3-8, 1'0 mm. : 0, 4-22 mm.: t, 6-25 mm. :
fat, “great quantity” to ‘ practically none.” .
UNCLASSIFIED, 19 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘1-25 mm.: 0, 2-8 mm.: t, 4-12
mu.: fat, ‘great quantity ” to ‘‘ some.”
Summer Spents.—The summer spents of last year are becoming summer
spawners. ‘The fishes which have been diagnosed as summer spents were
slack in the belly; the reproductive organ showed ‘“‘spent” characters,
although the eggs were developing. There was generally a large quantity
of abdominal fat present. The ovary was reddish in colour, plump, filled,
but soft. The ridges were filled with eggs, some of which were storing up
yolk, while the majority remained smaller and clear. When the ovarian
tissue is teazed the very small yolked eggs can be detected as white grains
in the tissue. They can be recognised by the naked eye when ‘27 mm. in
diameter, though sometimes, although bigger, they may not be satisfactorily
made out. In two summer spawners, 23 and 24 cm. long, having eggs
‘3 mm. in diameter, old follicles were detected, an indication of the fishes
having spawned before.
The testis is pink in colour, and has a thin edge. When teazed out and
washed in water a shreddy honeycomb structure can be made out.
Wintex Spents——There is difficulty in separating the summer spents of
last year from the winter spents of the present year. Possibly some of
those which appear to be advanced winter spents may belong to the former
class. In June few herrings below 20 and 21 cm. in length should be
winter spents, because, although they spawn when under that size, they
should by that time have probably reached that size. The summer spent
is simply a certain distance ahead of the winter spent in its ripening. The
summer spent might occupy the position of the more precocious winter spents.
The rule I have followed has been to regard those having eggs °3 mm.
and over in diameter as summer spawners, more especially if the other
fishes in the series showed reproductive organs farther advanced than that ;
while if the majority of the sample had eggs smaller than ‘3 wm., with a few
reaching that size, then I have regarded the lot as winter spent. The two
classes will probably overlap and mix. The late summer spents and the
early winter spents will, one expects, spawn at the same time, probably as
autumn spawners.
Ihe condition in which the reproductive organ is a flat, red, dry skin, is
apparently a resting stage, during which the fish grows in length and stores
up abdominal fat. Some fishes had clear crystalline concretions in the
ovaries ; they appeared to be in some cases old eges. But clear concretions
were also found in some very small testes. Budding was apparently taking
place in some ovaries. When a piece of an ovary is crushed on a slide
beneath a cover glass old follicles are sometimes to be seen in a dark roll
shape, occasionally semi-circular in form, surrounding a young egg.
The testis of the winter spent was pink in colour, narrow, shrunken,
with sometimes a thin edge, and a shreddy honeycomb structure filled with
coagulable albuminous fluid. In some the remains of pouches can be made
out. The elastic honeycomb sponge structure is getting filled up. The
testis is sometimes a flattened skin. There are crystalline concretions in
the testis. Might the unspawned milt assume this form ?
‘There are apparently several ‘distinct stages in the spent reproductive
organ, Immediately after spawning it is a loose, flabby, skin-like bag. It
gradually shrinks while the new crop of eggs is being formed. It may
become a narrow, flattened, thin, dry skin, containing the new crop of eggs.
Old follicles were made out in ovaries of this character. When. the ovary
begins to develop it swells out, is soft, and is roomy inside. The soft,
clinging nature of the stroma is characteristic of this stage. Eggs -2 mm.
in diameter were found in one of these ovaries. The eggs were fairly
uniform in size. The ovary may be red in colour, and narrow. In a
ae a. ee
vw |
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 31
narrow spent ovary having eggs ‘15 mm. in diameter there was an
apparently big range of size among the eggs. The yolked eggs became
visible to the naked eye as white granules in the ovarian tissue when
about °3 mm. in diameter.
During the month most of the spents had a large quantity of abdominal
fat. The spents got at Laggan, Loch Fyne, appeared to be, on the whole,
fatter than those got at Sanda, Campbeltown. Among the herrings got at
the latter place the smaller herrings have comparatively the greater
quantity of fat, but their reproductive organs are not further advanced
than those of ‘the larger herrings.
Summer Spawner.—An ovary containing eggs 35 mm. in diameter was
red in colour and soft. A whitish network was visible in the stroma, A
large proportion of the eggs were clear, only a small proportion being
yolked. This fish had probably spawned before. A testis was plump,
tense, pink or white in colour. The honeycomb structure is filled with
corpuscles. [na testis 15 mm. wide, which was nearly ripe, there was an
albuminous, corpusculated matter.
Nine full herrings, viz., 1 2 and 8 d, were obtained.
Immature.—The immature condition is shown in a small, firm, compact
reproductive organ. The fishes from the Clyde classified during June as
immature did not exceed 23 cm. in length, but some from Castlebay
measured up to 28 cm. in length. Except in the case of a few specimens,
the immature herrings had a large quantity of fat.
In many cases it was difficult to get the actual measurement of the eggs,
because the ovaries were often saturated with oil from the abdominal fat.
It is not therefore possible to insist strongly on measurements to ‘1 mm.
in the case of the largest eggs in the ovary, as they were inclined, under
these conditions, to swell up. When the eggs are all very small, as, for
example, when the ovary is about to ripen, the large eges may be few in
number, and here post-mortem changes may give a larger size than is war-
ranted to these eggs. Where the ovary contains a large quantity of yolked
eggs, an average size of these is taken to represent the ovary. The error is
likely to be comparatively larger in the very small ovaries than in the large.
Herrings from Clyde, West Coast, and Hast Coast.
= Weight of | Breadth of | ‘ ae :
Length. sees Reproductive | Reproductive | Pe ye
ee Organs. Organs. | 88s
cm. grammes. grammes. mm. | mum.
15 27 as Je |
16 30, 33 , 29} 170,000 40,000 | 39:2 | 27:2 | 34:5 | 37°4 | 27°6 | 37°8 | 27:2
Mar. 1 B. 4 +} 39:7 OC 5 aids ors | 2-4. | ar-S 27:0
» 2| 330,000 40:3 | 27:2 | 38:5 | 37:4 | 27:2 | 38°8 | 26°8
>», 2&| 200,000 39°2 | 27°4 | 38°8 | 37-4 | 27-2 | 38°8 | 27:0
>, 4] 180,000 ies, 41:0 | 27:0 | 39:9 | 38°8 | 27°2 | 40°3 | 26°6
;, ©| 200,000 | 160,000 | 41:0 | 27-4 | 41:0 }| 38°5 | 27-4 | 39°6 | 27°0
;, 6| 240,000 & 40:3, || Bids 49 Ae S7-4 | 274A e388 | 27-2
ees %. 40:6, |) 272) F428 0 38:1 |) 2A 23932) 127-2
ire) Wy ANSOn Qicee W428. WOE | 27-2) [39-2 127-2
» 2| 520,000 shes 4100.) 27-2) 1 (43:9 0 39-9) | 27-2) | 39:6) 1327-2
», 11 | 520,000 | 240,000 | 40°6 | 27°4 | 44:2 | 39°2 | 27-2 | 40°6 | 27-2
», 12 | 580,000 Se, 40°6 | 27:0 | 44:2 | 40°3 | 27:2 | 40°6 | 27-2
,, 13 | 540,000 | 160,000 | 39:9 | 27:0 | 43:9 | 39-2 | 27-2 | 40°6 | 27-0
», 14) 360,000 ae 39°6 | 27°4 | 38°8 | 38°8 | 27:2 | 39°6 | 27:0
pad be ae 41:0 | 27-2 | 42:8 | 40°6 | 27:2 | 41:0 | 27-2
», 16 | 320,000 | 160,000 | 41:4 | 27:0 | 42°8 }| 40°3 | 27-2 | 41:4 | 27-2
>, 17 | 480,000 | eas 49h | 27-4. | 43:2, 1 39-9 9), 27-2 4a-0 | 27-0
», 18} 400,000 ee 49s | Dia. 43-2 1 40:6 | 27-25 AO-6 | 27-2
», 19| 240,000 | 120,000 | 41-7 | 27:0 | 32:7 | 39°6 | 27:0 | 40°6 | 27:0
,, 20 | 240,000 A: 39°6 | 27:2 | 39°9 | 38-8 | 27-0 | 40-6 | 27°0
5, 21 | 180,000 41:0 | 27-4 | 41:0 | 39°6 | 27:0 | 41°0 | 27:2
9 22 a4 AD OTOP Ag | 40-6 | 27:0 | 48-0 42762
5» 23| 240,000 oa ABO OO Ay F417 | 27-2 | 43-2 | Bie?
5, 24} 200,000 | 160,000 ss: bh ner — ats a os
»» 29} 180,000 ee 42-4 | 27-4 | 42°8 | 40°3 | 27°2 | 42-1 | 27-2
,, 26 | 160,000 | 160,000 | 42-4 | 27-2 | 41:0 [| 41:0 | 27-2 | 42-4 | 27-2
72 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
TasBLE I.—continued.
BEACH. ATR. Ponp. HATCHERY.
Eggs |DeadEggs
Date: Collected iemercd ait
On Sp. Gr.
Mar.27 | 160,000 | 120,000 | 42:4 | 27:4 | 43-2 [| 41°7 | 27-2 | 42-1 | 27-2
», 28) 240,000 Bad AQ-1 | 27-4 | 41°0 | 41:4 | 27:2 | 42-1 | 27-2
“ise ane 42°38 | 27°2 | 42:1 | 41-7 | 27-0 | 42°8 | 27-2
», 30 | 240,000 80,000 | 41:4 | 27:2 | 41-0 | 41:0 | 27:0 | 41-7 | 27-2
», ol | 240,000 Be 40°3 | 27-2 | 40°6 | 40°3 | 27-2 | 39°9 | 27-2
Apr. 1} 170,000 | 160,000 | 42-4 | 27-4 | 42-4 | 41:4 | 27-4 | 40°6 | 27-2
», 2] 160,000 42-1 | 27-4 | 41°0 | 40°3 | 27:2 | 41°7 | 27-4
170,000 | 120,000 | 42:1 | 27-2 | 41-0 | 41-7 | 27-2 | 43-2 | 27-2
3
,, 4| 120,000 42-1 | 27-4 | 41-7 | 41-4 | 27-2 | 42-1 | 27-4
O05 ue . | 42-1 | 27-4 | 42-1 | 41-0 | 27-2 | 42-1 | 27-0
,, 6| 160,000 | 80,000 | 43-9 | 27-4 | 46-4 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 45-3 | 27-4
», 7| 160,000 gi ela | SENETE EEE Te ORR SB 27) Gh ea
,, 8| 160,000 | 200,000 }| 44:2 | 27-2 | 44-6 | 42-4 | 27-2 | 44-2 | 27-4
,, 9| 160,000 .. | 42°8 | 27-4 | 44-2 | 42-1 | 27-4 | 43-9 | 27-2
,, 10} 160,000 | 200,000 | 44:6 | 26-0 | 43-9 | 45-0 | 26-8 | 45-0 | 25-6
,, 11| 120,000 . | 45:3 | 26-0 | 46-4 | 45-7 | 27-0 | 45-7 | 26-0
,, 12 oo .. | 44:2 | 26-8 | 43-9 | 42°8 | 27-2 | 44-2 | 26-0
,, 13| 160,000 . | 42-4 | 27-2 | 43-5 | 41-7 | 27-2 143-5 | 27-0
,, 14| 120,000 | 120,000 | 43-9 | 27-4 | 44-2 | 49-8 | 27-2 | 44-6 | 27-2
,, 15| 100,000 . | 442 | 27-2 | 44-6 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 43-5 | 27-2
,, 16| 160,000 ify BRIN VE PD ol ea
,, 17 | 120,000 . [43:9 | 27-4 | 42-8 | 49-4 | 27-2 | 44-2 | 27-2
,, 18| 40,000 .. | 44:6 | 27-2 | 41-7 | 43-2 | 27-2 | 46-0 | 27-2
~ 19 e .. [43:9 | 27-4 | 40:3 | 41-4 | 27-2 | 42°8 | 27-2
,, 20] 120,000 | 200,000 | 41:0 | 27-2 | 39-9 | 39-6 | 27-2 | 41-0 | 27-2
,, 21| 120,000 ... | 43-2 | 27-0 | 41-0 | 42-4 | 27-0 | 42-4 | 27-0
,, 22} 80,000 .. | 41-4 | 27-2 | 34-9 | 39-2 | 27-0 | 41-7 | 27-0
,, 231 80,000 .. | 41-0 | 27-2 | 32-0 | 39-6 | 27-2 | 38-5 | 27-2
,, 24| 160,000 .. | 41-0 | 27-2 | 30-2 | 39-2 | 27-2 | 38-5 | 27-2
,, 25 | 120,000 .. | 41-4 | 27-4 | 38-1 | 39-6 | 27-2 | 38:8 | 27-2
, 26 54 .. | 42:4 | 27-4 | 46-4 | 41-0 | 27-2 | 39:6 | 27-2
,, 27 | 100,000 | 120,000 | 43-2 | 27-2 | 45-3 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 41-0 | 27-2
,, 28 | 200,000 2 mee Qe SO 6 ek” aS
,, 29 | 120,000 .. | 44:6 | 27-0 | 46-0 | 45-3 | 27-2 | 46-4 | 27-0
., 30| 80,000 .. | 42:8 | 27-0 | 44-2 | 43-2 | 27-0 | 446 | 26:8
May 1| 80,000 ... | 428 | 27-0 | 43-9 | 42-8 | 27-0 | 44-2 | 26:8
,, 2| 100,000 ... | 42-1 | 27-0 | 42-8 | 41-0 | 27-0 | 43-9 | 27-0
Sh a, .. | 43-9 | 27-2 | 49-1 | 44-6 | 27-0 | 44-2 | 27-0
or ie ... | 43:5 | 27-2 | 42-8 | 44-2 | 27-0 | 43-9 | 26:8
,» 5| 100,000 ... [44:6 | 27-0 | 46-4 | 44-6 | 27-0 | 46-4 | 27-0
» 6| 80,000 .. | 42°8 | 27-4 | 46-4 | 43-5 | 27-2 | 46-0 | 27-2
», 7{| 60,000 | 80,000 | 44:6 | 27-4 | 46-0 | 45-0 | 27:2 | 45-7 | 27-4
», 8| 80,000 | 44-2 | 27-2 | 46-8 | 46-0 | 27-0 | 45-3 | 27-4
5 9| 80,000 .. | 45:3 | 27-6 | 47-8 | 46-4 | 27-0 | 46-4 | 27-0
ENG wv, .. | 43-9 | 27-4 | 52-5 | 41-0 | 27-2 | 48-6 | 27-2
,, 11] 70,000 | 40,000 | 44-6 | 27-2 | 54:0 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 48-2 | 27-2
,, 12] 80,000 ... | 45-0 | 27-4 | 52°3 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 49-6 | 27-2
,, 13] 80,000 .. | 468 | 27-2 | 53-6 | 45-7 | 27-2 | 50-4 | 27-4
,, 14] 20,000 ... | 48-2 | 27-2 | 50-4 | 45-3 | 27-2 | 49°3 | 27-2
,, 15 oe .. | 48-2 | 27-0 | 53-6 | 45-3 | 27-2 | 50-0 | 27-0
a6 Dy, . [486 | 27-4 | 59-5 | 45-7 | 27-2 | 50-4 | 27-2
ale in ... | 49:3 | 27-2 | 60°8 | 44-6 | 27-0 | 52:2 | 27-2
AGS ei .. [47-5 | 27-4 | 57-2 | 44-2 | 27-0 | 52:9 | 27-4
,, 19 bi .. | 46-4 | 26-8 | 51-8 | 44-6 | 27-0 | 51:1 | 26°8
., 20 ». _.. | 46°8 | 27-0 | 50-0 | 44-6 | 27-2 | 52°3 | 26°8
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 73
Taste II.—Showing Particulars in connection with the Distribution
of Fry.
Surface
Tem-
Locaity. Depth. | perature
of Sea. G
Specific
ravity.
Weatuer. |No. of Fry.
Feb. 19} About 1 mile off : — 200,000
Girdleness. ;
Mar. 10} About 2 miles off : Blowing hard, | 960,000
Fraserburgh. E.8.E.
About 12 miles off : S.-W. ; show- | 1,520,000
Sandhaven to- ery.
wards Rosehearty.
About 2 miles off : . S.-W. ; fine. | 3,040,000
Sandhaven to-
wards Rosehearty.
About 24 miles off &.-W.; fine. | 2,880,000
Sandhaven.
About 14 miles off, 8.-E. ; strong. | 1,856,000
between Pitullie
and Sandhaven.
About 14-2 miles off, : ; N.-E.; fine. | 1,200,000
between Pitullie
and Sandhaven.
About 14 miles off : ; S. ; fine. 640,000
Girdleness.
74: Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
III.—NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC CRUSTACEA
IN LOWER AND UPPER LOCH FYNE. By Txomas Scort,
Li.D., E.LS8.
The following notes on the distribution of pelagic crustacea in Lower
and Upper Loch Fyne describe the results obtained by the examination of
numerous tow-net gatherings collected during the four years from 1905 to
1908, both years inclusive.
The gatherings were collected at several fixed stations located in mid-
channel, two of them being situated in Lower Loch Fyne and the others
in the upper portion of the loch,
The outermost station in Lower Loch Fyne (Stat. I.) is situated in mid-
channel and nearly due east of the north end of Barmore Peninsula, and
the other (Stat II.) nearly midway between Maol Dubh Point on the west
and Kilfinan Bay on the east side of the loch. Those in Upper Loch Fyne
are arranged as follows :—Station IIT. is distant fuily one mile and almost
directly south-east of the village of North Kames; Station IV. is about
three-quarters of a mile south-east of Kilmichael Beg ; Station V. is mid-
way between Pennimore on the west and Newton Bay on the east side of
the loch; while Station VI. is situated off the mouth of the Douglas
Water and distant north by east from Strachur about a mile.
Nearly six hundred gatherings have been collected during the four
years. A small proportion of them (and nearly all in the first year) con-
sisted of horizontal hauls; the others were vertical—that is, the net was
lowered to the depth required and then hauled straight up. The gatherings
are from various depths, regulated by the depth of water at the station
where they were collected. At the deep-water stations, @.¢., the two in
Lower Loch Fyne and Stations v. and vi. in the Upper Loch, a horizontal
gathering was collected in the first year at or near the sur face, and others
at mid-water and bottom, while the vertical hauls were usually taken at
intervals of fifteen fathoms, beginning at fifteen fathoms from the surface,
down to sixty fathoms, and also one from the bottom if the depth was
much over sixty fathoms.
The following is a tabulated list of the Stations, giving the number of
gatherings, horizontal and vertical, collected at each of them during each
of the four years :—
Number of Gatherings Total
i ON otals
Numbers of the Stations. Collected during for each
1905.| 1906.| 1907.] 1908, | Station.
Station I. (Barmore) oe 49 24 21 10 104
» II. (Kilfinan) a 29 19 29 23 100
(3) LDL: (aimes)) .. 31 10 wil 16 68
mevatibe INF. (Kilmichael Beg).. 30 10 12 9 61
~ V. (Newton). . 43 21 21 30 115
» VI. (Strachur) oe 60 25 24 34 143
Totals for each Year .. 242 109 118 122 591
oe
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 75
The depth of water at Stations III. and IV. is much less than at the
others, and scarcely reaches to thirty fathoms; therefore, as indicated by
the Table given above, fewer hauls were taken at these stations.
As the gatherings were collected at different times of the year, as well as
at different stations, they tend to indicate approximately the general
distribution of the pelagic crustacea present in Loch Fyne during the four
years referred to. The gatherings also exhibit evidence of local variation
in the distribution of these organisms, and to some extent seasonal
differences are also indicated ;* but before this latter result could be satis-
factorily dealt with the observations would require to be continued over a
longer period.
The nets used were of a uniform size and fineness of mesh, but a few
special hauls made off Inveraray, and at Station I. in October 1906, were
taken, some of them with a large “ mid-water net,” and others with a
“ ying-net.”
Pelagic Copepoda formed a large portion of the contents of the varions
gatherings, the most common species being Calanus helgolandicus, Claus ;
many of the hauls consisted almost entirely of this species. Other forms
were sometimes met with, but they seldom occurred in large numbers. “A
list of the species observed is given at the end of this paper.
The following is a short description of the quantities and contents of
the gatherings collected during the four years at the different stations
mentioned above. The quantities are given in cubic centimetres (c.c.’s).t
The stations are taken in the order in which they occur in the Table.
Station J.—Lower Locu Fyne. (E. or BarMore PENINSULA.)
1905.
The total number of gatherings from this station is about one hundred
and four. Forty-nine of these were collected during 1905, and are
shortly described below.
Frepruary.—Seven gatherings were collected in February. They com-
prised two horizontal and five vertical hauls. One of the horizontal hauls
was collected at the surface, and one was a mid-water gathering ; their
contents, which measured about 25:5 and 10 «c.c.’s respectively, consisted
for the most part of Calanus. The vertical hauls were from 30, 45, 60,
75, and 90 fathoms. The haul from 30 fathoms measured 2°5 c.c.’s, that
from 45 fathoms was badly preserved; the others, like that from 30
fathoms, were small gatherings, and measured respectively 2°5, 2:5, and
15 cc.’s, and consisted for the most part of Calanus. The only other
organisms observed were a few fish ova (in the surface gathering), a few
Hucheta norvegica, Bradyidius armatus, Pseudocalanus elongatus, young
Mysis sp., Sagitta and Z'omopteris.
Marcu.—The eight gatherings collected in March included three
horizontal hauls—one taken at the surface, one at mid-water, and one near
*See pp. 94-96, tables for Stations III. and IV. ; compare quantities for May
1905 and 1906 with those for 1907 and 1908 for the same month.
+The quantities of the various gatherings were estimated by my colleague,
Dr. Williamson, as explained below, and he has kindly allowed me the use of his notes
thereanent. A noted quantity of water was put into a glass measure graduated in
centimetres. The tow-net collection was then poured out on to cheese-cloth similar
to that of which the tow-nets are made. The mass of Copepoda was then transferred
by means of a scapula to the glass measure, and the volume of the water and Copepoda
was noted. From that amount the volume of the collection was found by sub-
tracting the original quantity of water. When the Copepoda were on the cheese-
cloth a certain amount of the formaline solution in which they were preserved
was included in the mass. No attempt was made to remove this, except that,
when the collection was a large one, it was gently pressed with the fingers till the
excess of fluid ran off,
76 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
the bottom. The surface and mid-water gatherings measured respectively
55 and 6 c.c.’s, and consisted chiefly of Calanus, but Pseudocalanus
' elongatus was moderately frequent in the surface gathering, and Hucheta
norvegica in that from mid-water ; the bottom horizonta] haul contained a
quantity of mud and was not measured ‘The five vertical hauls collected
in March were from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and one from near the
bottom (about 70 fathoms). All these gatherings were small, and con-
tained only a few Calanus, Pseudocalanus, Hucheta, and one or two other
common forms.
Aprit.—Hight gatherings, comprising three horizontal and five vertical
hauls, were collected in April. The horizontal hauls consisted of a surface,
a mid-water (35 fathoms), and a bottom (70 fathoms) gathering. The
surface gathering measured only about lc.c.; the other two were moder-
ately large, and measured 26:5 and 49 c.c.’s respectively. The five
vertical hauls were from 15, 30, 44, and 60 fathoms, and one from near
the bottom, and measured 2°5, 5°5, 2°5, 2, and 2 c.c.’s respectively.
Calanus was the most common species in these gatherings, but Pseudo-
calanus and Centropages hamatus were moderately frequent, and there
were also a few others. The following numbers represent approximately
the proportional numbers of the species observed in the gathering from 30
fathoms :—Calanus 500, Centropages hamatus 150, Pseudocalanus 100,
Eucheta 2, Acurtia clausi 5, together with a few Lvadne nordmanni, Podon
leuckarti, larval Balani, Ascidians, and fish eggs.
May.—Kight gatherings, comprising three horizontal and five vertical ©
hauls, were collected in May. The horizontal hauls consisted of a surface,
a mid-water, and a bottom gathering, as in April. The surface catch was
a small one, and measured only 2°5 c¢.c,.’s, in which Calanus and Centro-
pages were about equally common, and constituted the chief part of the
haul, but Acartia clausi, Hvadne, and Podon leuckarti were also frequent ;
other forms observed included a few Sagitta, Oikopleura, and fish eggs.
The mid-water and bottom hauls measured about 2°5 and 4°5 c.c.’s
respectively ; their contents did not differ much from the surface haul just
described, except that it contained a few Hucheta and Parapontella brevi-
cornis. The vertical hauls were from depths similar to those described
under April, and measured 3:5, 3, 3, 5, and 7°5 c.c.’s respectively.
The species observed in these gatherings did not differ greatly either
in proportion or kinds from those mentioned above, except that
Temora longicornis and Anomalocera patersoni occurred in the haul from
15 fathoms, and Metridia lucens in that from the deep water.
JuNE.—-Five gatherings, all vertical hauls, were collected in June.
They were taken at depths similar to those already described, and
measured 3, 11:5, 20:5, 25°5, and 55 c.c.’s respectively. The two last hauls
consisted almost entirely of Calanus. The same organism constituted the
largest portion of the other gatherings, but Centropages hamatus, Pseudo-
calanus elongatus, and Acartia claust were also present in small numbers.
Avucust.—Five vertical hauls collected in August measured respectively
about 1°5, 2:5, 6, 50, and 14 c.c.’s. These measurements indicate a con-
siderable decrease in the number of crustacea when compared with the
June collection. These gatherings consisted almost entirely of Calanus.
SEPreMBER.—All the gatherings collected in September were vertical
hauls. Those from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms were small, and measured only
1, 1, and 2°5 c.c.’s respectively. The haul from 60 fathoms measured 9°5
and that from 75 fathoms 25 c.c.’s. Each of these hauls shows apparently
a still further falling off in the number of pelagic crustacea at this station.
Calanus formed about half of the catch from 15 fathoms, the other half
consisting for the most part of Pseuwdocalanus and Acartia clausi in about
equal numbers. Calanus formed about 65 per cent. of the catches from
30 and 45 fathoms, and 75 per cent. of the two from deep water.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 77
1906.
Aprit.—Pelagic crustacea were apparently scarce at the Barmore
station in April. Four vertical hauls were collected at 15, 30, 45, and 75
fathoms, but the catches were small. That from 15 fathoms contained
about 100 Calanus, one or two Centropages hamatus, and a few larval
Balani, while that from 30 fathoms contained about 200 Calanus and
about half that. number of Psewdocalanus. The catch from 45 fathoms
differed little from the one just referred to, but though that from
75 fathoms was also small, Calanus and Pseudocalanus were rather more
numerous, and there were also present a few Centropages hamatus and
Temora longicornis, and one or two larval Balani.
JuNnE.—The next series of gatherings from this station were collected in
June. They were vertical hauls from depths similar to those already
mentioned, 2.¢., 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and one from near the bottom
(80 fathoms). In these gatherings pelagic crustacea were rather more
plentiful. The first three hauls measured respectively 3:5, 10°5, and
9°5 c.c.’s, that from 60 fathoms 20 c.c.’s, and the one from 80 fathoms
25 c.c.’s. The contents of the various hauls consisted almost entirely of
Calanus.
Avcust.—Five gatherings were also collected here in August. The first
four did not differ greatly in any way from those just described, but the
last one (from 75 fathoms) was considerably larger than that collected in
June, and measured 100 c.c.’s. Calanus and Pseudocalanus were present
in about equal numbers in the first four gatherings, but the last one
consisted almost entirely of Calanus. A few Hucheta, Parapontella brevi-
cornis, Rhoda raschi, and Sagitta were observed in some of the hauls. The
first four hauls measured respectively 3, 7°5, 15°5, and 20°5 c.c.’s.
SEPTEMBER.—Five hauls were collected in September. The smallest was
from 15 fathoms and measured only 1 ¢.c.; the next two from 30 and 45
fathoms were also small—they each measured 1°5 c¢.c.’s; those from 60
and 75 fathoms were considerably larger, and measured respectively 15°5
and 70 c.c.’s.- The last two gatherings consisted almost entirely of
Calanus, Hucheia norvegica, of which there were a few specimens, being
the only other species observed. Calanus also formed the chief portion of
the other gatherings, but a few specimens of Anomalocera patersoni
occurred in the gathering from 15 fathoms, while Pseudocalanus formed
about 2 per cent. and Acartia clausi 5 per cent. of those from 30 and 45
fathoms.
OctosER.—-The gatherings collected in October were similar to those
just described, and the quantity of each catch did not differ to any great
extent, so that, apparently, the number and general distribution of the
pelagic crustacea remained much the same as it was in September. The
gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus, but afew Hucheta and Nyctiphanes
norvegicus occurred in the hauls from 60 and 75 fathoms, and there were
also a few Sagitta in some of the gatherings.
1907.
Aprit.—Five vertical hauls were collected in April 1907. They were
very small, and the total catch scarcely measured 6 c.c.’s. The contents of
the various gatherings consisted for the most part of Calanus, but the
following species were also represented, though very sparingly, viz. :—
Acartia clausi, Anomalocera patersoni, Centropages hamatus, Huchceta
norvegica, Pseudocalanus elongatus, and Temora longicornis. A few larval
Balani, Sagitta, and fish ova were observed.
May.—The gatherings collected in May, when compared with the April
collections, showed a considerable increase in the number of pelagic
F
78 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
crustacea at this station; there was also, apparently, a fairly uniform
distribution of these organisms at the various depths at which the hauls
were made. The gatherings were, as usual, from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75
fathoms, and measured respectively 27, 17, 23, 29, and 42 cc.’s, The
contents of the several gatherings consisted mainly of Calanus, but a few
other species were observed, and also some larval Decapoda and Sagitita ;
these were, however, only sparingly represented.
SEPTEMBER.—The next series of gatherings from this station were
collected in September. They consisted almost entirely of Calanus, which
appeared to be very unevenly distributed. The haul from 15 fathoms
measured less than 1 ¢.c., and that from 30 fathoms only 1:5 c.c.’s, while
the other three measured respectively 21, 80, and 170 c.c.’s. These two
deep-water hauls are larger than any of the others from this station
collected at the same depths.
OcroBER.—The October gatherings, from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms, were
nearly blank, as also were those from 60 and 75 fathoms. They contained
only a small number of Calanus, a few Pseudocalanus and Acartia, and one
or two other common forms.
1908.
June.—The series of gatherings collected in June 1908 appeared to
indicate that the pelagic crustacea at this station were somewhat similar in
numbers and distribution to what they were during the same month both
in 1905 and 1906, as shown by the gatherings then collected. No doubt
certain differences are revealed when the figures given below are compared
with those for the years mentioned, but the changes noticed may easily be
accounted for by local movements among the pelagic forms referred to.
The present gatherings were from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 80 fathoms, and
measured respectively 6:5, 10, 11, 22:5, and 41 c.c.’s.
Avucust.—The August gatherings, compared with those collected in
June, showed that in the interval a considerable falling off in the number
of pelagic organisms had apparently taken place. The hauls from 15 and
30 fathoms measured each 3°5 c.c.’s, that from 45 fathoms measured
65 c.c.’s, and that from 60 fathoms 19 c.c.’s. The bottom gathering
measured only 10 c.¢.’s.
Station IJ. (BETwEEN Maou Dus Point anp KiiFinan Bay).
About one hundred gatherings were collected at this station during the
four years. Twenty-nine were collected in 1905, nineteen in 1906,
twenty-nine in 1907, and twenty-three in 1908, and are briefly described
below.
1905.
JANUARY.—Four vertical hauls were collected in January—one from 15,
30, and 50 fathoms, and one from the bottom. They showed that though
pelagic crustacea were apparently scarce towards the surface they were
fairly plentiful near the bottom. The gathering from 15 fathoms
measured less than 1 e.c., and that from 30 fathoms about 5°5 c.c.’s,
while the other two measured respectively 11 and 60 e.c.’s. The four
horizontal hauls collected at the same time, though larger in quantity,
indicate a Somewhat similar distribution of pelagic organisms to that
described. A gathering taken at the surface measured 25 c.c.’s; others
collected at 15 and 45 fathoms and near the bottom measured respectively
120, 162, and 192 c.c.’s.
Marcu,—Pelagic crustacea were apparently very scarce in March,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 79
Two hauls from 45 and 60 fathoms contained only a few Calanus and
Eucheta and one or two Nyctiphanes. A third haul from near the bottom
yielded a few demersal Copepods and one or two specimens of a small
Tsopod (Pseudotanais forcipatus).
Aprit.—The gatherings collected in April were also small. Vertical
hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 68 fathoms measured altogether only about
2 or 3 c.c.’s of pelagic crustacea, consisting chiefly of Calanus, but a few
other Copepoda were also sparingly represented. A horizontal mid-water
gathering gave rather better results, though at the same time showing
that pelagi¢ crustacea were still scarce.
May.— Vertical hauls from 15, 50, 45, 60, and 75 fathoms were collected
in May, and showed a moderate increase in the number of pelagic crus-
tacea over the April gatherings. They were distributed as follows :—2°25
c.c.’s from 15 fathoms, 4°5 c.c.’s from 30 fathoms, 4 c.c.’s from 45 fathoms,
8 c.c.’s from 60 fathoms, and the same from 70 fathoms. Horizontal
hauls were also collected—one at the surface, one near the bottom, and a
mid-water haul. The surface gathering measured 5 c.c.’s, that from mid-
water 3:5, and that from the bottom 23°5 c.c.’s. The contents of the
various hauls consisted for the most part of Calanus, but some other
species were also represented by a fair number of specimens, 7.¢., Acartia
clausi, Anomalocera patersoni, Centropages hamatus, Pseudocalanus elon-
gatus and Temora longicornits. A few Hucheta were observed in one
of the bottom gatherings. Oikopleura were also occasionally noticed and
were moderately common in the vertical haul from 30 fathoms.
Aveust.—Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms were collected
in August. The first two measured respectively | and 2 c.c.’s, and the others
Sand 12°5 cc.’s. These gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus, but a
few other common forms, including Hucheta and Sagitta, were also
present.
1906.
JuNE.—Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 62 fathoms collected in
June measured respectively 7, 5:5, 7, and 10:5 c.c.’s. The contents con-
sisted almost entirely of Calanus, the only other species noticed, and which
were only sparingly represented, being Pseudocalanus elongatus, Metridia
lucens, and Acartia clausi, and a few Sagitta.
Aveust.—The gatherings collected in August from 15, 30, 45, 60, and
75 fathoms measured respectively 1, 3:5, 20, 37, and 30 cc.’s. In the
gatherings from 15 and 30 fathoms, Calanus was less plentiful than in the
others, while Pseudocalanus, on the other hand, formed nearly 70 per cent.
of the catch. Centropages hamatus and Parapontella brevicornis were also
observed in this sample. The other gatherings consisted almost entirely
of Calanus, with a few Eucheta and Rhoda raschi.
SepremBer.—The series of gatherings collected in September was similar
to that for August, but the catches were much smaller; those from 15
and 30 fathoms measured less than 1 c.c. each. A gathering from 50
fathoms measured 1°5 e¢.c.’s, while other two from 60 and 75 fathoms
measured 2°5 and 20 c.c.’s respectively. These gatherings consisted
almost entirely of Calanus, but a few Hucheta and Rhoda raschi occurred
in those from 60 and 75 fathoms.
OctoBER.—The gatherings collected in October showed pelagic crustacea
to be still scarce at this station except near the bottom. Mauls taken at
30 and 45 fathoms measured less than 1 c.c., and consisted of a small
number of Calanus, Pseudocalanus, Acartia clausi, and Sagitta, while two
others taken at 60 and 75 fathoms measured respectively 3:5 and 23 c.c.’s,
and contained, in addition to the usual Copepoda, a number of Schizopods
(including Rhoda raschi and Nyctiphanes norvegicus) and Sagitta,
80 Part ITT.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
1907.
Aprit.—The five hauls collected in April 1907 were all of them small ;
the two largest measured only about 2 ¢.c.’s each. The scarcity of pelagic
crustacea at this time appeared to be general all through the water, as
shown by the smallness of the catches. These gatherings consisted for the
most part of Calanus; a small number of Pseuwdocalanus, Centropages
hamatus, and Civriped larvee, one or two Vyctiphanes, Sagitta, and fish ova
were also present.
May.—The number of hauls collected in May was similar to the last.
They showed that a considerable increase in the number of pelagic
crustacea had taken place since the April gatherings were collected. All
the catches were of moderate size, especially those taken at 45 and 60
fathoms, which measured respectively 12 and 17 c.c.’s. The other three
gatherings from 15, 30, and 75 fathoms were smaller, and measured 8, 7,
and 9 ¢.c.’s respectively. The contents of the several gatherings consisted
chiefly of Calanus, other forms being very scarce.
June.—Moderately large gatherings were obtained in all the five
hauls collected in June, but at this time pelagic crustacea were apparently
more plentiful at 15 fathoms than they were lower down, as shown by the
results of the different hauls, the measurements of which are as follow:
—The gathering from 15 fathoms measured 80 c.c.’s, while the others from
30, 45, and 60 fathoms and the bottom measured respectively 55, 15, 22,
and 25 c.c.’s.
SEPTEMBER.—The four vertical hauls collected at this station in Sep-
tember exhibited a decided falling off in the numbers of pelagic crustacea
when compared with those collected in June. The hauls from 15, 30, and
45 fathoms were small, and measured respectively only 1, 1:5, and 4°5 c.c.’s,
while that from 65 fathoms measured 21 c.c.’s; this gathering consisted
almost entirely of Calanus, but in those from 15 and 30 fathoms a few
other species were also sparingly observed, including Psewdocalanus, Cen-
tropages hamatus, Temora longicernis, and Acartia claust.
OctopER.—Five vertical hauls were collected in October. Those from
15, 30, and 45 fathoms were very small, so also was the gathering from
60 fathoms. The gathering from 75 fathoms was considerably larger
than the others and measured 40 c.c.’s, and though Calanus formed the
largest part of it, a small number of Pseudocalunus, Acartia, Nyctiphanes,
and Rhoda raschi were also observed. The other gatherings consisted
almost entirely of Calanus, but among them were a few Sagitita.
DercemMBEeR.—-The gatherings collected in December were, with the
exception of the haul from 15 fathoms, considerably larger than those
collected in October. The gathering from 15 fathoms measured 4 ¢.c.’s, but
those from 30, 45, and 55 fathoms measured respectively 25, 82, and 115
c.c.’s. These gatherings consisted almost entirely of Calanus, except that
a few Eucheta and one or two Nyctiphanes were present in the haul from
55 fathoms,
1908.
Marcu.-—Vertical hauls from 30, 45 and 60 fathoms collected in March
1908 measured 2, 1, and 15 c.c.’s respectively. Calanus was the only
species observed in the first two, but in the other a few Nyctiphanes were
also noticed, as well as.one or two Sagitta.
May.—tThe four gatherings collected in May gave fairly good results,
and indicated the presence of a considerable abundance of pelagic
crustacea. The hauls were from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and measured
respectively 10, 9, 31, and 17 c.c.’s. Calanus appeared to be the only
species represented in these gatherings, with the exception of a few
Centropages hamatus and Sagitta,
of the Fishery Board for Scotiand. 81
JunE.—Five hauls were collected in June at the usual depths ; they
showed that pelagic crustacea were still fairly common, but scarcely so
plentiful as in the previous month. The gatherings measured respectively
5°5, 9°5, 11:5, 14:5, and 15°5 e.c.’s, and indicated a fairly uniform distribu-
tion of the organisms mentioned.
Aveust.—The gatherings (four in number) collected in August, com-
pared with those for May and June, showed a large falling off in the
numbers of pelagic crustacea all through the water, the quantity of each
of the four hauls being respectively 2°5, 2, 3:5, and 6°5 ¢.c.’s.
DrcemBerR.—The gatherings collected in December comprised vertical
hauls from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 70 fathoms, and their contents measured
respectively 5, 11, 47, 63, and 40 c.c.’s. They show a considerable increase
over the August gatherings. In these gatherings Calanus was the only
species observed.
Sration III., Upper Locu Fyne (ruutty 1 Mize 8.E. rrom Norru
KAMEs).
The number of gatherings collected at this station was sixty-eight. Of
these, thirty-one were collected in 1905, ten in 1906, eleven in 1907, and
sixteen in 1908, and are briefly described below. .
1905.
J ANUARY.—Two gatherings collected in January—one from 15 fathoms
and one from the bottom—were very small ; that from the bottom measured
only 2°5 c.c.’s, the contents consisting entirely of Calanus.
Marcu.—The gatherings collected in March comprised three horizontal
and three vertical hauls. The horizontal gatherings were collected at the
surface, mid-water, and bottom, and measured respectively 2, 4:5, and ‘75
c.c.’s. Two of the vertical hauls were from the bottom and the other from
15 fathoms; they were small gatherings, and consisted for the most part
of Calanus; but a few other forms also occurred, including Acartia clausi,
Diaixis pygmeus, Decapod larve, and fish ova. The horizontal consisted
chiefly of Calanus, with a few Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus,
Acartia clausi, Evadne nordmanni, larval and young crustacea, and Sagitta.
ApriL.—Six gatherings collectud in April comprised three horizontal
and three vertical hauls. The horizontal hauls were from the surface,
mid-water, and bottom, and measured about 3, 1:5, and 16°5 c.c.’s respec-
tively. One of the vertical hauls was from 15 fathoms and the other two
from the bottom (28 to 30 fathoms). The first measured 2°5 c.c.’s, and the
other two together about 8°5 c.c.’s (3°5 and 5.c.’s). Though Calanus was
the most common species, Centropages hamatus was also frequent, so also
was Pseudocalanus. In one of the bottom gatherings, for every 100
Calanus there were about 35 Centropages and 15 Pseudocalanus, a few
Acartia clausi, Hucheta, Evadne nordmanni, Decapod larve and Sagitta
and a few fish ova.
May.—The gatherings collected in May comprised one surface and
three vertical hauls. They were small gatherings ; the total catch measured
scarcely 4 c.c.’s, of which Pseudocalanus formed about 4 per cent., Centro-
pages 10 per cent., and Calanus only about 8 per cent. Temora longi-
cornis, Acartia clausi, and Podon leuckarti were also sparingly represented.
Oikopleura was frequent in the surface gathering, but not in the others.
JuNE.—Two gatherings collected in June included a surface haul and a
vertical haul from the bottom. They were both small and measured about
1:5 c.c.’s each. Centropages and Pseudocalanus were about equally
numerous, and together formed about 7U per cent. of the entire catch.
82 Part T1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
Calanus, on the other hand, formed only about 25 per cent.; there were
also a few Temora longicornis and some larval forms.
Avueust.—Vertical hauls from 10, 15, and 25 fathoms were collected in
August; all the three gatherings were small. About half of the total
catch consisted of Calanus and the remainder of Pseudocalanus, Centro-
pages hamatus, and Acartia clausi, but a few Hvadne, Podon leuckarti, and
Parapontella brevicoriis were also observed, along with a few larval forms.
SEPTEMBER.—T'wo vertical hauls, one from 15 and the other from 25
fathoms, were collected in September. The total catch measured only
about 1:5 «.c.’s. The gatherings were about equal, and consisted almost
entirely of Calanus, a few Pseudocalanus and Acartia clausi being the
only other organisms observed.
OctoseR.—Two gatherings collected in October were also very small.
They were vertical hauls, one from 15 fathoms and the other from the
bottom, and consisted almost entirely of Calanus.
1906.
Aprit.—Vertical hauls from 15 and 26 fathoms were collected in April
1906. They were both small, and together measured only about 4 c.c’s.
The contents of the first consisted chiefly of Calanus, with a few Psewdo-
calanus, Centropages hamatus, and a small number of fish ova. In the
second gathering, Pseudocalanus was rather more frequent and formed
about a third of the catch.
JuNE.—Two gatherings collected in June 1906, comprising a vertical
haul from 15 fathoms, and one from the bottom (about 25 fathoms),
measured 3:5 and 4:5 c.c.’s respectively, and consisted almost entirely of
Calanus.
Aucust.—Two vertical hauls similar to the last were collected in
August ; one measured 3 and the other 2°5 cc.’s. In the first Calanus
formed fully 50 per cent. of the catch, Psewdocalanus 25 per cent., and
Centropages about 20 per cent. A few specimens of Parapontella brevt-
cornis and Thawmaleus rigidus were observed in this haul. In the bottom
gathering Calanus, Pseudocalanus, and Centropages were about equally
numerous. Acartia clausi was also observed, but only in small numbers.
SEPTEMBER.—The two vertical hauls collected in September were very
small, and together measured only about 2 c.c.’s. They consisted for the
most part of Calanus and Pseudocalanus in nearly equal numbers. A
few Centropages hamatus were also present in the bottom gathering.
OcropeR.—Vertical hauls from 15 and 25 fathoms were also collected
in October ; they were both small gatherings. In the first Calanus and
Acartia clausi were about equally numerous, but a few specimens of
Anomalocera and Decapod larve were also noticed. The second consisted
for the most part of Calanus, Pseudocalanus, and Acartia clausi, together
with a few Centropages hamatus. There were also a small number of
Sagitta and Decapod larve present in this gathering.
1907.
Aprit.—Two vertical hauls, one from 15 and the other from 29 fathoms,
were collected in April 1907. Both gatherings were very small, and
consisted chiefly of Calanus, mixed up with which were a few other
common forms.
May.—The two vertical hauls collected in May, the one from 15 and
the other from 27 fathoms, showed a marked difference from the previous
gatherings in the larger amount of pelagic crustacea captured. But the
two samples, which measured respectively 11 and 13 c.c.’s, consisted almost
entirely of Calamus, no other species being noticed.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 83
JuNE.—The two hauls collected in June were also moderately large, but
the gathering from 15 fathoms was rather smaller, and that from the
bottom somewhat larger than those collected in May.
SepremBer.—The gatherings collected in September were both small
and measured respectively 1:5 and 2 e.c.’s. They both consisted for the
most part of Calanus, together with.a few Pseudocalanus, Centropages
hamatus, and Acartia clausi. A few Hvadne nordmanni were also observed.
Ocrosper.—A vertical haul from near the bottom, collected in October,
yielded only a few Calanus, one or two Anomalocera patersoni, and a few
Sagitta.
DrcEeMBEeR.—A vertical haul from 15 fathoms, collected in December,
contained only a few Calanus. One from 22 fathoms was also small,
though slightly larger than the other. Pelagic crustacea were apparently
very scarce at this station when these gatherings were collected.
1908.
FEBRUARY.—l'wo vertical hauls, one from 15 fathoms, the other from
the bottom, were collected in February 1908. They each measured about
3°5 c.c.’s, and consisted almost entirely of Calanus, a few fish ova being
also present.
Marcu.—A haul from 15 fathoms and one from 25 fathoms, collected in
March, measured respectively 2 and 3 c.c.’s. Both gatherings consisted
almost entirely of Culanus, a tew larval crustacea and fish ova being also
observed.
May.—The gatherings collected in May showed a considerable increase
in the number of pelagic crustacea. The hauls were vertical, from 15 and
25 fathoms, and measured respectively about 7:5 and 9°5 c.c.’s. They
consisted chiefly of Calanus. Some other species sparingly represented
included Anomalocera, Centropages hamatus, Parapontella, and Podon
leuckarti. A few young Decapods and Schizopods were also noticed.
JuNE.—The June gatherings were both small, especially that from 15
fathoms, which measured only 1°5 c.c.’s; the bottom haul was rather
larger and measured about 5 c.c.’s. These samples, compared with those
collected in May, seemed to indicate a falling off in the numbers of pelagic
crustacea.
Aueust.—The gatherings collected in August were even smaller than
those collected in June, and though that from the bottom was slightly
larger than the other, the combined catch measured less than 3 c.c.’s, and
showed a further decrease in the number of pelagic crustacea.
SEPTEMBER AND NovemBEer.—The gatherings collected in September and
November were all blank or nearly so. The gathering from 30 fathoms
collected in September contained only a few Calanus and Acartia clausi,
scarcely a dozen specimens altogether, and the others were equally un-
productive.
DECEMBER.—The December gatherings yielded rather better results
than those just referred to. The haul from 15 fathoms collected at this
time measured 8 c.c.’s, and consisted entirely of Calanus. The other,
from 30 fathoms, measured 11! ¢.c.’s; its contents differed from the gather-
ing from 15 fathoms in that it contained a few Hucheta and Sagitta in
addition to the Calanus.
Sration IV. (ansour ?-mite S.E. From KinmicHaEL BEc).
Thirty gatherings (including horizontal) were collected at this station
in 1905, ten in 1906, twelve in 1907, and nine in 1908, and are briefly
described below.
84 Part IIT.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
1905.
Fepruary.—Four gatherings, comprising two horizontal and two
vertical hauls, were collected at this station in February 1905. One of the
horizontal hauls was taken at the surface and the other at the bottom, and
measured respectively 25 and 14 ¢.c.’s. Both gatherings consisted for the
most part of Calanus, but in the surface hauls the following species were
also met with :—Hucheta norvegica, Pseudocalanus elongatus, and Oithona
similis; a few Decapod larve and fish ova also occurred. The species
observed in the bottom haul included Bradyidius avrmatus, Hucheta,
Acartia clausi, Lphimedia obesa, Epimeria cornigera, Paratylus bispinosus,
Nyctiphanes, and Mysis sp.
The vertical haul from 15 fathoms consisted almost entirely of Calanus,
and that from 28 fathoms was somewhat the same, except that a few
species similar to those already referred to were also observed. The two
vertical hauls were about equal, and each measured 2°5 c.c.’s. The
quantities of these gatherings, both the horizontal and the vertical hauls,
seemed to indicate that pelagic crustacea were rather more plentiful in the
upper strata than they were near the bottom.
Marcu.—Seven gatherings were collected in March; three of them
were horizontal and four were vertical hauls. The horizontal hauls
included a surface, a mid-water, and a bottom gathering, and measured
respectively 6, 10, and 30 c.c.’s, and they consisted almost entirely of
Calamus. The vertical hauls comprised two from 15 fathoms and two
from the bottom. The first two were very small; the other two, though
slightly larger, were also small, and together measured less than 2 c.c.’s,
and consisted chiefly of Calanus. A small number of Pseudocalanus were
also observed in the bottom gatherings.
Aprit.—Three horizontal and two vertical hauls were collected at this
station in April. The horizontals included a surface, mid-water, and
bottom gathering, and measured respectively 5, 17, and 3 c«.c.’s. The
contents of the first two consisted chiefly of Calanus, but Centropages also
occurred in both and formed about 5 per cent. of the combined catch.
One or two other common forms were also observed in these hauls. In
the bottom haul Calanus and Centropages were equally numerous, and
together formed about 70 per cent. of the gathering, and Pseudocalanus
about 15 per cent.
Both the vertical hauls were small, and only measured 1:5 and 1 e.c.
respectively. The contents of these gatherings were similar in variety
and proportion to that of the horizontal bottom haul.
May.—The gatherings collected at this station in May comprised two
horizontal and four vertical hauls. The horizontal gatherings were both
small; one was from the surface and the other from the bottom. The
vertical hauls included two from 15 fathoms and two from the bottom ;
all the catches were small, and did not differ greatly as to quantity. The
total catch did not exceed 4 c.c.’s. The gatherings consisted chiefly of
Calanus; other species sparingly met with included Pseudocalanus, Centro-
pages, Parapontella, Temora, Acartia clausi, Evadne, and Podon leuckarti.
J UNE.—Pelagic crustacea appeared to be scarce at this station in June.
Two vertical hauls, one from 15 fathoms and one from 25 fathoms,
measured less than ‘5 c.c. each. The most common species was Cenéro-
pages hamatus, but Calanus and Pseudocalanus in about equal numbers
also formed a considerable portion of the catch. A few Zemora, Acartia
claust, Sagitta, and Decapod larvee were also observed.
Aveust.—Pelagic crustacea, though still apparently scarce, were rather
more numerous than in June. ‘The variety and proportional numbers of-
the species taken in the two hauls from 15 and 28 fathoms were, however,
somewhat similar to those obtained in the June gatherings.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 85
SEPTEMBER. —Two vertical hauls, one from 15 and the other from 25
fathoms, collected in September, measured about 1°5 e.c.’s each, and
consisted chiefly of Calanus, and were otherwise similar to those previously
described.
OctosEr.-—The two gatherings collected in October under conditions
similar to the last measured less than 1 ¢.c. each, and contained only a
small number of Calanus, Pseudocalanus, Acartia, and Sagitta.
1906.
Aprit.-—The two vertical hauls collected in April 1906 were small and
contained a small number of Calanus, along with a few other common
species similar to those already recorded.
June.—The gatherings collected in June showed a moderate increase in
the number of pelagic crustacea at this station. The gathering from 15
fathoms measured about 3 c.c.’s, and that from 25 fathoms 6 c.c.’s. The
first gathering consisted almost entirely of Calanus, and the same species
formed about 75 per cent. of the other. A few common forms similar to
those already recorded were in the bottom gathering.
Aveust.—The August gatherings were smaller than those collected
in June. In that from 15 fathoms Calanus, Pseudocalanus, and Centro-
pages hamatus were each equally numerous, and formed about 25 per cent.
of the haul. Zemora formed about 10 per cent., and Acartia clausi
nearly the same. A few Anomalocera and Decapod larve were also
observed. The bottom gathering contained a larger proportion of Calanus,
but otherwise it was similar to the last.
SEPTEMBER AND Ocroper.—The gatherings collected in September and
October were very small, pelagic crustacea being apparently scarce during
these months. The species represented were similar to those already
described from this station.
1907.
Aprit.—The vertical hauls from 15 and 28 fathoms collected in April
1907 measured respectively 1:3 and 3°5 c.c.’s, and consisted for the most
part of Calanus.
May.—Pelagic crustacea, especially Calanus, were apparently fairly
plentiful at this station in May 1907. A vertical haul from 15 fathoms
measured 10 and one from 29 fathoms 11 cc.’s respectively; both
consisted chiefly of Calanus, but in the bottom gathering a number of
Pseudocalanus and Centropages hamatus were also present, the one forming
about 5 per cent. and the other 10 per cent. of the catch.
JuNE.—Two gatherings were collected in June, both of which were
small. That from 15 fathoms measured only 1 c.c., while the other from
26 fathoms measured 3 c.c.’s. Both gatherings consisted chiefly of
Calanus.
SrrremMBer.—Gatherings from 15 and 28 fathoms were collected in
September ; they each measured ‘about 2°5 c.c.’s, and, like the June
gatherings, consisted for the most part of Calanus.
Ocroper AND DEcEMBER.—Very small gatherings were obtained at this
station both in October and December, and in each case Calanus formed
the largest portion of their contents. A few other species occurred very
sparingly, such as Bradyidius armatus and young Hucheeta norvegica.
1908.
May.—Pelagic crustacea were apparently fairly plentiful at this station
in May 1908, obviously due to a large increase in the number of Calanus.
86 Part ITT—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
The two vertical hauls collected at this time, one from 15 and the other
from 25 fathoms, measured respectively 13 and 16 c.c.’s. The contents of
both gatherings consisted chiefly of the species mentioned. Anomalocera
patersoni and Centropages hamatus were also present, but they formed
only about 1 per cent. of the whole catch. A small number of Hvadne
nordmanni, young Decapoda, and Schizopoda were also observed.
AvuGuUST AND SEPTEMBER.—The samples collected in August and Sep-
tember were very small, and showed a considerable decrease in the number
of pelagic crustacea at this station. The contents of the various gather-
ings consisted almost entirely of Calanus.
NovemBer anp DrcemBer.—There was a somewhat similar absence of
pelagic crustacea at this station when visited in November, but in
December a distinct, though not very extensive, increase appeared to have
taken place, especially in the deeper water. A vertical haul from 28
fathoms collected in December measured 2°5 c.c.’s, and consisted chiefly of
Calanus.
STaTion V. (MIDWAY BETWEEN PENNIMORE AND NeEwron Bay).
Forty-three gatherings were collected at this station in 1905, twenty-
one in 1906, twenty-one in 1907, and thirty in 1908, and are briefly
described below.
1905.
January.—The gatherings collected at this station in January 1905
comprised three horizontal and four vertical hauls. The horizontal
gatherings collected at the surface and at 15 and 30 fathoms were all
moderately large. The surface gathering measured 152 c.c.’s, and con-
sisted almost entirely of Calanus. One or two other species, including
Pszudocalanus and Acartia clausi, were also noticed, but they occurred
very sparingly. The other two gatherings from 15 and 30 fathoms
measured respectively 60 and 43 c.c.’s. The vertical hauls were from 15,
30, 45, and 59 fathoms, and measured respectively 12, 24°5, 30, and 35 c.c.’s.
Calanus formed the largest portion of the contents of these hauls, and the
quantities captured showed them to be fairly plentiful all through the
water.
Marcu.—tThe gatherings collected in March showed that Calanus were
still fairly abundant and more or less evenly distributed at the various
depths represented by the different hauls. The four vertical hauls collected
at this time were from 15, 30, 45, and 59 fathoms, and measured 18, 19,
26, and 25 c.c.’s respectively. In the haul from 59 fathoms a few
Nyctiphanes were observed, but otherwise the contents of the different
gatherings appeared to consist entirely of Calanus.
Aprit.—Five of the gatherings collected in April were horizontal hauls
and four were vertical. One of the horizontal hauls was taken at the
surface, one at 15, 30, and 45 fathoms, and one near the bottom. The
surface gathering was comparatively small, but the next three were large.
They measured respectively 5°5, 110, 87, and 65 c.c.’s; their contents
consisted almost entirely of Calanus, the only other species observed being
a few Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus, Acartia cluust, and a small
number of Decapod larve. The bottom gathering contained a quantity of
mud, mixed, up with which were several Molluscan shells, chiefly Lamelli-
branchs and the undernoted crustacea—Leptognathia brevimana H arpinia
pectinata, Campylaspis costata, and a few Calanus.
The vertical hauls were from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and measured
respectively 5, 13, 19, and 22°5 c.c.’s, The contents of these gatherings
did not differ much from the others, except that in the haul from 60
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 87
fathoms there were a small number of WVyctiphanes, Rhoda raschi, and
Sagitta.
May.—Three of the gatherings collected in May were horizontal and
four were vertical hauls. The horizontal hauls included one from surface,
one from mid-water, and one from the bottom. The surface and bottom
hauls were both considerably larger than the other, and measured respec-
tively 165 and 225 c.c.’s, while the mid-water gathering measured only
75 c.c.’s. The surface and mid-water hauls consisted almost entirely of
Calanus. In the bottom haul, which was also mainly composed of
Calanus, the following other species were observed :—Pandalus montagut,
Hippolyte securifrons, Caridion gordon, Mysis lamorne, Janira maculosa,
Stegocephaloides christianiensis, and a few Pseudocalanus and Centropages
The two vertical hauls from 15 fathoms were nearly alike, and together
measured about 8 ¢.c.’s. About three-fourths of their contents consisted
of Calanus, the remainder being composed of Pseudocalanus and Centro-
pages hamatus. Two gatherings from 30 fathoms differed considerably
in quantity—the one measured 5 and the other 10°5 c.c.’s—and, while the
larger consisted almost entirely of Calanus, only about a third of the
contents of the smaller belonged to that species, the other two-thirds
being made up of Pseudocalanus (chiefly), Centropages, and one or two
other common forms. The gathering from 45 fathoms measured about
5'5 ¢.e.’s, and rather more than half of the contents consisted of Calanus,
and the remainder of Psewdocalanus and Centropages.
Aveust.—A vertical haul from 15 fathoms, which measured 1°5 c.c.’s,
consisted chiefly of Calanus, but Centropages hamatus and typicus were
also observed, the first being fairly numerous; there were also a few
Pseudocalanus and Acartia clausi. Two other hauls from 30 and 45
fathoms measured respectively 3°5 and 3 c.c.’s. Both consisted mainly of
Calanus, with which a few other other species were sparingly represented,
such as Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus, Hucheta, Bradyidius
armatus, Temora, Acartia, and Oithona similis, and a small number of
Decapod and Isopod larve.
SEPTEMBER.—F our vertical hauls collected in September were from 15,
30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and measured respectively 1:5, 2, 4, and 15:5 c.c.’s,
Besides Calanus, of which these hauls chiefly consisted, the following
other species were sparingly represented, viz. :—Pseudocalanus, bradyidius,
Eucheta, Acartia claust, Rhoda raschi, and a small number of Sagitta.
OcropeR.—The gatherings collected in October comprised vertical hauls
from 15, 30, 45, and 59 fathoms. These gatherings were smaller than
those collected in September, and measured respectively 1, 1, 3, and 7 c.c.’s.
The deep-water gathering, which, like the others, consisted mainly of
Calanus, contained also a small number of other forms, including WVyett-
phanes, Rhoda raschi, and Sagitta.
1906.
Aprit.—Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms collected in
April 1906, measured respectively 7, 5, 16, and 12 c.c.’s. The gatherings
consisted chiefly of Calanus, but one or two other species were observed,
though only in small numbers.
June.—The gatherings from this station collected in June comprised
vertical hauls at 15, 30, 45, and 55 fathoms. These gatherings measured
respectively 7:5, 8°5, 13°5, and 17 c.c.’s. Calanus formed about three-
fourths of the total catch, and Pseudocalanus nearly one-fourth. A few
Centropages, Acartia, and Sagitta were also observed.
Avueust.—-The gatherings, three in number, collected in August were
from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms. They were moderately large, especially the
_last one, and measured respectively 11, 5:5, and 67 c.c.’s. The first con-
88 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
sisted of Calanus and Pseudocalanus in about equal numbers; in the
second Calanus formed about 50 per cent., Psewdocalanus and Centropages
hamatus, which were nearly equal, formed together about 36 per cent.,
and Acartia claust 14 per cent. The third haul consisted almost entirely
of Calanus, but a small number of Zucheta (about 1 per cent.), and
about a dozen specimens of Rhoda ruschi and one or two Nyctiphanes,
were also observed.
SEPTEMBER.— Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms were
collected in September, and measured respectively 3:5, 4, 5, and 24 c.c.’s.
These gatherings, which were similar to those previously described, con-
sisted for the most part of Calanus.
OcropER.—The October gatherings were smaller than those just
described. The hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms measured only 1 and 1°5
c.c.’s respectively. The others were larger, and measured, the one 5 and
that from deep water 16 c.c.’s. The contents of the various hauls resembled
generally those described for August.
Besides the four vertical hauls just referred to, other two horizontal
gatherings were collected, one from 20 fathoms and the second from
between 40 and 50 fathoms. Both of these gatherings contained a large
quantity of pelagic crustacea, comprising Calanus, Hucheta norvegica,
Rhoda raschi, and Nyctiphanes, this last species being abundant in the
deep-water gathering, the contents of which nearly filled a large drop-
jar.
1907.
Aprit.—The only gathering from this station examined in April 1907
was from deep water, 55 to 60 fathoms, and measured 70 c.c.’s, It con-
sisted almost entirely of Calanus.
May.—The gatherings collected in May 1907 were from 15, 30, 45, and
58 fathoms, and measured respectively 17, 18, 15, and 21 cc.’s. Besides
Calanus, which formed the largest portion of the various gatherings,
there were also a fairly large number of one or two other common species.
Centropages hamatus, for example, formed fully 5 per cent. of the haul
from 15 fathoms, and about 15 per cent. of the one from 30 fathoms,
and it was also represented, though somewhat sparingly, in the gathering ©
from deep water. Psewdocalanus formed about 5 per cent. of the gather-
ing from both 30 and 45 fathoms. The same species, along with
Nyctiphanes and Sagitta, occurred also in the gathering from 58
fathoms.
June.—Moderately large hauls were also obtained in June, especially
from 30 fathoms downwards. The gathering from 15 fathoms was the
smallest, and measured 6 c.c.’s, but the others measured respectively 13, 15,
and 15 c.c.’s. The contents of these gatherings consisted for the most
part of Calanus.
SEPTEMBER.—The gatherings collected in September were also moderately
large, and measured respectively 9, 22, 19°5, and 90c.c.’s. Their contents
were similar to those of the June gatherings.
OctopEeR.—A considerable falling off in the numbers of pelagic crustacea
appears to have taken place since the previous visit to this station. The
gatherings collected in October were small, especially that from 15
fathoms, which measured only 1:25 c.c.’s; the others, which were rather
larger, measured respectively 6, 9°5, and 19 c.c.’s.
Dercemper.—A_ still further decrease was shown by the gatherings
collected in December. These, with the exception of one from
the deep water, only contained a small number of Calanus and one
or two other common forms. The deep-water gathering measured 13
c.c.’s.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 89
1908.
Fresruary.—tThe gatherings collected in February 1908 were moderately
large, and measured respectively 9, 20, 31°5, and 55c.c.’s, The contents of
the first three consisted entirely of Calanws, with the exception of a few
fish ova which occurred in the one from 30 fathoms. The same species
also constituted the largest portion of the deep-water haul, but in this
gathering a few Rhoda raschi, Leptomysis gracilis, and a small number of
Sagitta were also present.
Marcu.—Gatherings from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms collected in March
measured respectively 16, 20, and 26 c.c.’s. In these gatherings Calanus
was almost the only species observed. When compared with the February
gatherings, those for March show a slight decrease in the quantity of
crustacea captured.
May.—tThe gatherings collected in May, like those just described, con-
sisted almost entirely of Calanus, which appeared to be still fairly plenti-
ful at this station. These gatherings, taken in the same order as before,
measured respectively 14, 35, 42, and 40 c.c.’s.
JunE.—The June gatherings were considerably smaller than those
collected during the previous month, but their contents were somewhat
similar. They measured respectively 3, 3°5, 6, and 12 c.c.’s.
Aveust.—The gatherings—all vertical hauls like the others—collected
in August, were large, and showed that Calanus, of which their contents
chiefly consisted, were fairly abundant. The measurements of the various
hauls, stated in the usual order, are as follow :—That from 15 fathoms
measured 5°5 c.c.’s, that from 30 fathoms 18:5 c.c.’s, that from 45 fathoms
25 e.c.’s, and the bottom haul 45 c.c.’s,
SEPTEMBER.—-The four September gatherings were small. The one
from 15 fathoms contained about ninety Calanus and five or six Acartia
clausi; that from 30 fathoms contained 364 Calanus, three or four
Pseudocalanus, and Acartia, while the other two from 45 and 60 fathoms
measured respectively 2 and 15°5 c.c.’s, and consisted entirely of Calanus.
A few Sagitta were observed in the gathering from 30 fathoms.
NovemBer.—Pelagic crustacea were apparently very scarce at this
station in November. Three gatherings from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms
contained only a small number of Calanus and a few other common forms.
DecemBer.—The December gatherings showed a slight increase in the
number of pelagic crustacea, especially in those from 45 and 60 fathoms.
These gatherings, stated in the usual order, measured respectively sm. 1, 9,
33°5 c.c.’s. Calanuws formed the chief portion of their contents, but in
the bottom gathering Rhoda raschi formed about 10 per cent. of the catch,
which also contained a few Hucheia and Sagitta.
Station VI. (orrF Doveias WaTER, AND DisTANt N. By E. From
Srracuurn 1 Mizz).
About one hundred and forty-three gatherings have been collected at
this station during the four years. Sixty of these were collected in 1905,
twenty-five in 1906, twenty-four in 1907, and thirty-four in 1908.
They are shortly described below.
1905.
JANUARY.—Hight gatherings were collected in January 1905. Three of
these were horizontal and five were vertical hauls. One of the horizontal
gatherings was from 15 fathoms and two from near the bottom. The
first, which was comparatively small, measured 16 c.c.’s, but the other two
were large and measured respectively 250 and 125 c.c.’s, The vertical
90) Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
hauls were from 15, 30, 46, and 60 fathoms, and one from the bottom,
and measured respectively 11:5, 17, 20, 40, and 45 c.c.’s. All the gatherings,
both horizontal and vertical, consisted for the most part of Calanus, but a
number of Huchweta norvegica occurred in those from the deep water.
Marca.—The three horizontal gatherings collected in March were from
the surface, mid-water, and bottom. The first was nearly blank and
contained only a few Calanus and fish eggs. The other two, which were
also comparatively small, measured about 14 and 20 c.c.’s respectively.
The mid-water gathering consisted for the most part of Calanus, but in
that from the bottom Hucheta were nearly as numerous as the Calanus.
Nyctiphanes was also sparingly represented, as was also the somewhat rare
Campylaspis rubicunda.
The vertical hauls were taken at intervals of about 15 fathoms, as in
January, but on this occasion the hauls were duplicated, two being made
at each interval. They were small gatherings, and ranged from less than
1 to 3 e.c.’s. Their contents consisted for the most part of Calanus.
Aprit.—Hleven gatherings collected at this station in April yielded
some interesting results. A horizontal haul taken at the surface measured
only about 3 ¢.c.’s; one taken at about three fathoms below the surface
measured 325 c.c.’s, and, like the other, consisted almost entirely of
Calanus. The other hauls from 18, 33, 48, and 75 fathoms measured
respectively 60, 8, 5°5, and 16:5 c.c.’s. The result of these hauls showed
that Calanus was in much greater abundance near the surface than in
the deep water.
The vertical hauls were taken at the same intervals as before, the last
being from 75 fathoms. Their contents, which measured vespectively 55,
4,9, 4, and 4 c.c’s, were similar to the hauls collected horizontally. The
other species observed included Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus, Acartia
claust, and Hucheta norvegica, but these occurred only in small numbers.
May.—Three horizontal and four vertical hauls were collected in May.
The first three included a surface, mid-water, and bottom gathering, and
measured respectively 15, 24, and 60 c.c.’s. The vertical hauls were from
15, 30, 45, and 74 fathoms, and measured respectively 9, 9°5, 12, and 42
c.c.’s. These hauls show a gradual increase in the quantity of pelagic
crustacea from the surface downwards. The contents of the different
gatherings, like those collected in April, a Buel of Calanus,
and were otherwise similar to them.
June.—The gatherings collected in June dicen pfieet three neiizoniedl and
five vertical hauls. The surface gathering was very small and measured
only 1 ¢.c., but the other horizontal gatherings from mid-water and bottom
contained a moderate quantity of pelagic crustacea, and measured respec-
tively about 50 and 75 c.c.’s. The vertical hauls were comparatively
small; they measured respectively 4:5, 7, 12, 9°5, and 14'5 c.c.’s, and
consisted, like the others, almost entirely of Calanus.
Aveust.—Vertical hanls from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms were collected
in August, and measured respectively 3°5, 5°5, 11°5, and 22°5 c.c.’s.
Calanus was almost the only species observed in these gatherings.
SepreMBER.—The gatherings collected in September were also all vertical
hauls. One was taken at 15 and 30 fathoms, two at 45 fathoms, and one
at 60 and another at 75 fathoms. The gatherings from 15 and 30
fathoms measured respectively 4:5, 5 c.c.’s, one of the gatherings from 45
fathoms 4°5 and the other 9 c.c.’s, while those from 60 and 75 fathoms
measured respectively 75 and 125 c.c.’s. All these gatherings consisted
chiefly of Culanus. Some other species, including Psewdocalanus elongatus,
Bradyidius armatus, Hucheta norvegica, Acartia clausit, Rhoda raschi,
Nyctiphanes, and Sagitta were observed, but they occurred very sparingly.
Ocroper.—Five vertical hauls were collected in October. The first
three gatherings were very small, and measured respectively 1, 1, and 1°5
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. oe
e.c.’s, while that from 60 fathoms measured 25 c¢.c.’s, and the last from 70
fathoms, 170 c.c.’s. These gatherings showed that pelagic crustacea,
though apparently scarce from 15 down to 45 fathoms, were fairly abun-
dant near the bottom. The contents of the different hauls consisted for the
most part of Calanus, and were otherwise similar to those collected in
September.
1906.
The gatherings collected in 1906 numbered 25. Five were collected in
Apriland June, and the same number in August, September, and October.
They were all vertical hauls, from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and one
from the bottom.
Aprit.—The gatherings collected in April seemed to indicate that
pelagic crustacea, though not very plentiful, were distributed more or less
uniformly throughout the water. The hauls measured respectively 5, 5,
7, 11-5, and 8 c.c.’s, showing an average of about 7°3 c.c.’s for each. The
contents of the different hauls consisted as usual for the most part of
Calanus, but a few other species were also observed, comprising Pseudo-
calanus, Hucheta and Acartia clausi, three or four Vyctiphanes, and a
small number of Sagitta.
JunE.—The distribution of the pelagic crustacea as shown by the June
gatherings still continued fairly uniform, but there was apparently a
considerable increase, especially in the number of Calanus, the average for
the five hauls being about four times the average for April. The gather-
ings collected in June measured respectively 25, 22°5, 24, 35, and 40 c¢
There was a slight increase in the number of Hucheta present in the
bottom gathering, but otherwise the contents of the various hauls were
similar to those collected in April.
Aveust.—The gatherings collected in August showed that a consider-
able falling off in the number of pelagic crustacea had taken place since
the June gatherings were collected, and that their distribution was much less
uniform. The hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms were similar in quantity, and
measured only 3°5 c.c.’s each, those from 45 and 60 fathoms measured
respectively 19 and 17°5 c.c.’s, while that from the bottom measured
70 c.c.’s. The contents of these ‘eatherings did not differ much from those
collected in June, except that Calanus appeared to be more immature.
SEPTEMBER.—The September gatherings somewhat resembled those of
the previous mouth, but Hucheta appeared to be rather more frequent,
and in some of the hauls formed about 1 per cent. of the catch. The
hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms measured respectively 2°5 and 5 c.c.’s, and
that from 45 fathoms 21 c.c.’s. The next two gatherings—the one from
60 fathoms and the other from the bottom—differed considerably. The
one measured only 15 while the other measured 60 ¢.c.’s. A few Rhoda
raschi and Nyctiphanes occurred in the gatherings from deep water, and a
small number of Sagitta were also observed, but Calanus was ae pre-
dominating species in all the gatherings.
OctrosBer.—The hauls collected in October from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms
were small, and measured 3, 2°5, and 6 c.c.’s respectively, but those from
60 and 70 fathoms measured, the one 55 and the other ll5c.c’s. The
contents of the various hauls were similar to those collected during the
previous month.
1907.
The gatherings collected in 1907 numbered twenty-four. They were
all vertical hauls. Five of them were collected in April and May, four in
September, and five in October and December, as described below :—
Aprit.—The distribution of the pelagic crustacea, and especially of
Calanus, was shown by the gatherings collected in April to be more or
92 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
less uniform from 30 fathoms downwards, and also to be fairly abundant.
Above 30 fathoms they were apparently scarcely so numerous. The five
hauls collected at this time measured respectively 8, 16, 20, 16, and 14
c.c.’s. The last gathering, which was from 73 fathoms, contained a few
Eucheeta, Nyctiphanes, and Sagitta in addition to Calanus, which constituted
the chief portion of this as well as of the other gatherings mentioned.
May.—The gatherings collected in May from 15 and 30 fathoms
measured respectively 8°5 and 8 c.c.’s, while the others from 45, 60, and
73 fathoms measured 20, 25, and 18 c.c.’s. The contents of the several
gatherings resembled those collected in April, except that Hucheta was
rather more numerous in the haul from 73 fathoms, and formed about
3 per cent. of this gathering. A few specimens of Wyctiphanes and
Rhoda raschi were also observed.
SEPTEMBER.—Four gatherings were collected in September. The first
three, taken at the usual depths, were comparatively small; the one from
15 and that from 30 fathoms measured 5 c.c.’s each, and the other from
45 fathoms 6 c.c.’s. But while these gatherings seemed to indicate that
pelagic crustacea were not very plentiful down to 45 fathoms, that from
67 fathoms showed them to be moderately abundant towards the bottom.
This gathering measured 130 c.c.’s. All the gatherings consisted for the
most part of Calanus; Pseudocalanus and Acartia claust occurred in small
numbers (less than } per cent.) in the hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms, and a
few specimens of Vyctiphanes and Rhoda raschi in that from 67 fathoms.
OctopEerR.--The gatherings collected at this station in October showed
that the tendency of the pelagic crustacea to crowd towards the bottom
was even greater than in the previous month. The hauls from 15 and
30 fathoms measured only 2 c.c.’s each, and that from 45 fathoms 5 c.c.’s.
The haul from 60 fathoms was also comparatively small, while a gathering
from near the bottom (77 fathoms) measured 168 c.c.’s. These, like the
September gatherings, consisted almost entirely of Calanus.
DecemMBer.—'The gatherings collected in December differed little from
those just described, and showed a somewhat similar inequality in the
distribution of the pelagic crustacea. The gatherings consisted chiefly of
Calanus. A few other species, comprising Hucheta norveyica, Rhoda
raschi, and Nyctiphanes norvegicus, and also Sagitta, were observed, but they
occurred very sparingly.
1908.
The number of gatherings collected at this station in 1908 was thirty-four
or thirty-five. Three were collected in February, four in March, and the same
number in May. Five or six were collected in June, fivein August, four in
September, three in November, and five in December, as described below.
Frepruary.—The three gatherings collected in February were from 15,
30, and 45 fathoms, and measured respectively 20, 23, and 45 c.c.’s. The
first two consisted entirely of Calanus, no other species being observed,
while the third differed only in that it contained a few Sagitta. ;
Marcu.—The gatherings collected in March comprised four hauls. The
smallest gathering was that from 15 fathoms and the largest from 30
fathoms; these two measured respectively 4 and 25 c.c.’s. The other two
from 45 and 60 fathoms measured, the one 17 and the other 21 c.c.’s.
These gatherings, like those collected in February, consisted almost
entirely of Calanus.
May.—Four gatherings were also collected in May. They resembled
those just described in that they consisted almost entirely of Calanus, but
the haul from 15 fathoms was rather larger than either of the next two
from 30 and 45 fathoms, and was only slightly less than that from 60
fathoms, the measurements being as follows:—The haul from 15 fathoms
measured 20 ¢,c.’s, that from 30 fathoms 18 c¢.c.’s, while the others from
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 93
45 and 60 fathoms measured respectively 19 and 21 c.c.’s. These gather-
ings showed that the distribution of Calanuws was fairly uniform from 15
fathoms downwards.
JunE.—The gatherings collected in June showed a moderate increase in
the various catches except that from 30 fathoms, which amounted only to
about two-thirds of that for May from the same depth. The gatherings
from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms measured respectively 29, 11, 30, and 32
c.c.’s, Two other haulsfrom 78 and 80 fathoms measured each 50 c.c.’s. The
contents of these various hauls were similar to those previously described.
Aveust.—The five hauls collected in August exhibited still further
changes in the distribution of the pelagic crustacea, and there also
appeared to be a falling off in the number of these organisms in the upper
strata, and at the same time a marked increase towards the bottom of the
loch. While the gatherings from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms measured
respectively 6:5, 13:5, and 23°5 c.c.’s, those from 60 and 75 fathoms
measured, the one 41 and the other 100 c.c.’s.
SEPTEMBER.—AlIl the gatherings collected in September were small,
showing that a considerable decrease in the number of pelagic crustacea
all over the loch had taken place since the station was visited in August.
The hauls, taken in the same order as before, measured respectively 2:5, 2,
3, and 6 c.c.’s, and though Calanus continued to be the more common
species, there appeared to be a larger number of Huchceta present,
especially in the haul from 60 fathoms. In this haul Hucheta formed
about 1 per cent. of the gathering. A few specimens of Pseudocalanus
were also observed, as well as a small number of Sagitta.
NovemBer.—Three vertical hauls were collected in‘ November. One
from 15 fathoms was nearly blank. A gathering from 45 fathoms was
also small, and measured only 1 c.c. It consisted chiefly of Calanus,
together with a small number (about 2 per cent.) of Hucheta norvegica.
A third haul from 60 fathoms was moderately large, and measured 20 c.c.’s,
and, like the others, it consisted for the most part of Calanus. A few
Euchata, Rhoda raschi, and a small number of Sagitta were also present.
DEcCEMBER.—The gatherings collected in December from 15 and 30
fathoms measured only ‘5 and 1°5 c.c’s., that from 45 fathoms was some-
what larger, and measured 6°5 c.c.’s. Below this pelagic crustacea were
met with in considerable abundance; hauls taken at 60 and 70 fathoms
measured respectively 47 and 90 c.c.’s.
OTHER GATHERINGS EXAMINED.
A few gatherings were collected in the vicinity of Skate Island in April
1905 and June 1906. The former comprised three horizontal hauls and
five vertical ones, and the latter, four hauls, which were also vertical.
Three vertical hauls were also taken off Minard, two in March and one in
November 1908. All these gatherings, collected with the usual tow-nets,
did not differ greatly in their contents from those taken in other parts of
Loch Fyne.
In October 1906 several hauls were made off Inveraray and also off
Newton with a large “‘ mid-water” net, and considerable quantities of
Calanus, Eucheta norvegica, Nyctiphanes norvegicus, and Rhoda raschi were
captured, but with the exception of a quantity of Sagitta little else was
observed in these gatherings.
The following tables show the number of vertical hauls collected at each
of the six stations mentioned in the preceding notes, the year and month
when collected, and the depth from which the various hauls were taken.
The quantity of each haul is also stated, in most cases in cubic centi-
metres (c.c.’s), but some hauls which measured less than 1 ¢.c. are marked
“sm.”—small. The horizontal hauls are left out, as no such gatherings
were taken after 1905.
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List of the Species of the Crustacea obtained in the Gatherings from Loch
Fyne described in the preceding Notes.
COPEPODA.
Nearly all the Copepoda observed belong to the division Calanoida,
G. O. Sars. Two species belong to the Harpacticoida, one to the Cyclopoida,
and one to the Monstrilloida.
CALANOIDA.
Calanus septentrionalis (Goodsir). This is the Calanus helgolandicus of
Claus, but Goodsir’s is the older name. It does not difter greatly from
C. finmarchicus (Gunner), and perhaps should be still included in that
species. It is the most common and generally distributed species in our
seas, and it is also the most important, as it forms a large part of the food
of the herring.
Paracalanus parvus, Claus. This small species occurred in gatherings
from Stations V. and VI. and one or two other stations, but always rather
sparingly.
Pseudocalanus elongatus, Boeck. This species is generally distributed,
and sometimes moderately common in Loch Fyne. It occurred in most of
the gatherings examined.
Bradyidius armatus, Vanhoffen. This species occurred sparingly at
Stations II., V., and VI., and one or two other stations.
Eucheta norvegica, Boeck. Plentiful in large “ mid-water” and “ring”
net gatherings collected off Inveraray and Newton in October 1906, and
more or less sparingly in gatherings collected with the ordinary tow-net,
at most of the stations referred to in the preceding notes.
Diaixis pygmeus (T. Scott). Rare in a bottom gathering collected at
Station IV., Upper Loch Fyne, March 1905.
Centropages typicus, Kroyer. This species appeared to be rare in Loch
Fyne. The only gathering in which it was observed was in a vertical haul
from 15 fathoms collected at Station II. in August 1905. Mr. W. L.
Calderwood has also recorded this species from E. Loch Tarbert (Lower
Loch Fyne). 15th Annual Report, Fishery Board for Scotland, Part IIL,
p. 146 (1897).
Centropages hamatus (Lillj.). This occurred in many of the gatherings
examined, and was occasionally moderately frequent.
* Temora longicornis (O. F. Miiller). Zemora was observed sparingly in
gatherings from several stations, and appeared to be generally distributed.
Metridia lucens, Boeck, occurred rather sparingly in gatherings collected
at Stations IJ., III., V., and VI., and at one or two other stations.
Anomalocera patersoni, Templ., was obtained usually in surface gather-
ings or in gatherings from near the surface at several stations, but always
in small numbers.
Parapontella brevicornis (Lubbock). This was one of the rarer species
observed. It occurred in gatherings from Stations II., III., and VI., and
one or two other stations.
Acartia clausi, Giesbrecht. Hitherto this is the only species of Acartia
that has been recorded from Loch Fyne. Is occurred, though somewhat
sparingly, in a large proportion of the gatherings examined.
HARPACTICOIDA.
Zosime typica, Boeck. This species was observed in a gathering from
Station V. in 1905.
Harpacticus uniremis, Kroyer. This species occurred in a gathering
collected off Skate Island.
98 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
CYCLOPOIDA.
Oithona similis, Claus. This species was moderately rare in gatherings
from Stations IJ. and III.
MONSTRILLOIDA.
Thaumaleus rigidus, 1. C. Thompson. The only gathering in which this
species was met with was one from Station IV., collected in August 1906.
AMPHIPODA.
Most of the Amphipoda recorded here occurred in bottom hauls.
Parathemisto oblivia (Kroyer) was obtained in one of the gatherings
collected at Station VI. in March 1905.
Tryphosites longipes (Bate), in a bottom gathering from Station IT.
Harpinia pectinata, G. O. Sars. This species was observed in gatherings
both from Stations II.and V. Two of the specimens from Station V.
were infested with the small crustacean parasite Spheronella cluthe,
T. Scott.
Leucothoe lilljeborgi, Boeck, occurred ina gathering from Station V.,
collected in April 1905.
Epimeria cornigera (Fabr.).
Iphimedia obesa, Rathke.
Apherusa bispinosa (Bate).
These three species were obtained in a bottom haul from Station III,
collected in February 1905.
Dexamine spinosa (Montagu) occurred in one of the gatherings collected
in April 1905 at Station VI.
Stggacephaloides christianiensis (Boeck) was obtained in a gathering from
Station IT., collected in May 1905.
Gammarus locusta (Linné), Station V., August 1905.
ISOPODA.
Three species belonging to the Chelifera, one to the Flabellifera, and
one to the Asellota were obtained in bottom gatherings, viz. :—
Leptognathia brevimana (Lilljborg). This species occurred sparingly in
gatherings both from Station IT. and Station V.
Leptognathia brevirenis (Lilljeborg). In a gathering from Station V. ;
rare.
Pseudotanais forcipatus (Lilljeborg). This species was observed in
gatherings from Station V., collected in March and April 1905.
Eurydice pulchra, Leach. Rare in a surface gathering collected off
Inveraray in October 1906.
Janira maculosa, Leach. Station II. in May 1905.
SYMPODA.
The following species of crustacea belonging to this group have been
observed in the gatherings that have been examined :—
Leucon nasicus (Kréyer). Station V., in a bottom gathering collected in
April 1905.
Eudorella truncatula (Bate). This occurred in the same gathering with
the last.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 99
Diastyloides biplicata, G. O. Sars. In a bottom gathering collected in
the vicinity of Station VI.
Leptostylis sp. In the same gathering with the last was a specimen of
Leptostylis which was not satisfactorily determined, but probably belonged
to L. villosa, G. O. Sars.
Campylaspis rubicunda, Lilljeborg. Was obtained in a bottom gather-
ing from Station I. It has also been collected near Lowburn.
Campylaspis costata. Collected in the vicinity of Station V. in the
same gathering as the Diastyloides mentioned above.
SCHIZOPODA.
Five species belonging to this group were observed, viz. :—
Nyctiphanes norvegica, M. Sars. Abundant in gatherings ccllected with
large “ mid-water ” and “ ring” nets off Inveraray and Newton in October
1906, and also, but more or less sparingly, in gatherings from Kilfinnan
Bay, Barmore, Furnace, and Strachur Bays, etc.
Rhoda rascht (M. Sars). Common in the same gatherings with Vycti-
phanes collected off Inveraray and Newton, and sparingly in gatherings
from most of the stations referred to in the preceding notes.
Leptomysis gracilis, G. O. Sars. In a gathering from Station IL.,
collected in February 1908.
Hemimysis lamorne (R. Q. Couch). This small and brightly-coloured
species was also obtained in Station II., in a gathering collected in May
1905.
Schiztomysis ornata (G. O. Sars). Station III., in a gathering collected
in February 1905.
DECAPODA.
The following are a few Decapod species which were also observed in
some of the gatherings. They all belong to the Caridea.
Crangon allmanni, Kinahan. Obtained in a gathering collected at
Station IT.
Hippolyte securifrons, Norman. Collected in Station If. in May 1905.
Caridion gordoni (Bate). Obtained in the same gathering with the
last.
Pandalus montagui, Leach, This also occurred in the gathering from
Station II. with the two species just recorded.
Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke). Station III., February 1905.
Pasiphea sivado (Rizzo). This species was obtained in a gathering
collected in the vicinity of Station VI. in March 1905.
Larval forms belonging both to the Decapoda and Schizopoda were also
occasionally met with, but usually more or less sparingly. Hwvadne nord-
manni and Podon leuckarti were also observed, as well as a few specimens
of Ostracoda, 2.e., Cytheridea papillosa and others.
Sagittz were also present in many of the gatherings, but usually in
small numbers.
100 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
IV.—EXPERIMENTS TO SHOW THE INFLUENCE OF COLD IN
RETARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EGGS OF
THE HERRING (CLUPEA HARENGUS, L.), PLAICE
(PLEURONECTES PLATESSA, L.), AND HADDOCK (GADUS
4GLEFINUS, .). By H. Cuas. Wiuamson, M.A., Tee
F.R.S.E., Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen.
(PuatE [.)
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Introduction, . : : : j : ' : 100
The Different Lots of Spawn, : : : : ; ; 4 101
Lots I., IJ., and Ill, . ; d J : : 5 ; 103
The Cooling Arrangement, ; 103
Table of Temperature of the uncooled water of Lots its i055 and IIL., ; 106
SD) cooled ” 27 ND te) ) : 108
Fourth Lot of Spawn, ; f ; 108
Table of Temperature of the Fourth Lot of Spawn uncooled, ‘ : 110
hey slice } Ky ORM cooled sa iite ; . 113
Fifth Lot of Spawn, ; ; 5 113
Table of Temperature of ‘the Fifth Lot of Spawn uncooled, 4 ; - 115
29099 ” a3 39 or) cooled, ° . : 118
Sixth Lot of Spawn, ; ; : : 5 118
Meyer’s Experiments on the Incubation of the Eggs of the Herring at Kiel, 119
Summary of Experiments in Laboratory, ; i . 5 : 120
Crystals found inside the zona, . F : 4 é : 122
Fertilization of the Eggs of the Herring, . : F ‘ : 122
The Herring Larva, : : ; é : ; 122
The Transport of Living Adult Herrings, ; ; 124
Experiments on the Pelagic Eggs of the Haddock and | Plaice, y : 125
Experiments on Turbot, ; : 126
Explanation of Plate L., : . : ; : : } 127
The Government of New Zealand has requested the Fishery Board for
Scotland to carry out certain experiments bearing on the retardation of the
development of the ova of the herring. Information was desired as to
whether it was possible to prolong the period of incubation to 50 days, an
interval which would admit of the eggs being conveyed from this country to
New Zealand before they hatched.
Since the period of incubation depends, within limits, on the temperature
of the water, the retardation of development is a matter of maintaining the
eggs at a sufficiently low temperature. I was asked by Dr. Fulton to make
- these experiments, and I have been able to show that the period of incuba-
tion may be extended to 50 days. Some embryos were in the egg for a
longer period.
The eggs upon which the experiments were made were obtained at
Anstruther in February and March 1908, during the winter herring fishing
in the Firth of Forth. Since the ova of the herring are adhesive, it is con-
venient to have them spread on glass plates. This facilitates examination
from time to time, and simplifies the arrangements for transport.
On February 17 very few herrings were being caught, and of these the
majority were not yet ripe. There was, however, a proportion of them in the
running condition. The herrings were being caught close inshore, where
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 101
the water was too shallow to permit the large boats to drift. They were also
being taken in nets anchored in three fathoms of water. When the herrings
are so ripe that the eggs and milt run freely from them they are termed
locally ‘‘ maisie herrings.”
With the courteous assistance of Mr. W. Keir, Fishery Officer, Anstruther,
arrangements were made whereby the skippers* of certain boats kindly
agreed to try to bring a few herrings ashore alive. For this purpose herring
barrels were employed. A small hole was bored in the side of the barrel
near the bottom ; it was closed with a peg, and was intended as an outlet for
the bottom water when the water was being freshened. Some live ripe
herrings were got in this way, and from them I obtained a sufficient supply
of spawn. Spawn was also taken from some dead herrings.
The method in which the artificial fertilization was carried out was that
described by Ewart.t The milt was pressed out intothe water inatub. A
female herring was then taken into the tub. A glass plate, 9 inches square,
was held below the fish to receive the eggs as they were pressed out in a
narrow ribbon. The ova were distributed as well as possible over the plate,
although the struggles of the fish interfered to prevent this being always
satisfactorily accomplished, the movements of the tail occasionally scattering
the eggs. The eggs adhered to the plate immediately on contact, ‘here
were often some scales attached to the eggs. Where the eggs were taken
from fishes that had been several hours dead the plates were more liberally
sprinkled with scales than in those cases where the fishes were alive.
The number of herrings brought back in the barrel was usually about ten,
and as a rule the majority were dead on the arrival of the boat ; they had
been from six to eight hours in the barrel. It was found that the herrings
which survived were ripe, those in which the ova and milt ran out on gentle
pressure. The females having large hard roes succumbed more readily.
The glass plates with the ova adhering to them were allowed to stand for
from one to seven hours in the tub among the water containing the milt.
They were contained in wooden cases, each of which held six or more plates.
For transport to Aberdeen the cases were put into barrels filled with sea
water. The cases floated. The barrei was headed up after being filled
completely.
There was a certain amount of doubt as to how long it was safe to leave
the eggs in the tub in which there was an excess of milt. It is probable that
fertilization is completed in a comparatively short time, e.g., within three or
four hours. Brook noted the evidence of fertilization in the formation of
the perivitelline space in one case half an hour after the mixing of the sperm
and ova. Probably the only danger which might be expected to threaten
the eggs would be from the decay of the unused milt. At this time the
weather was very cold, and it is probable the danger was not a very near one.
Six lots of spawn were got in all, viz. :—
I. The first lot of spawn was obtained on the morning of 18th February.
The herrings were dead, but they had been alive just a short time previously.
The milt flowed out freely on pressure in a rather coherent form, The eggs
were fertilized at 2 a.m., and the plates were leit in the tub till 10 a.m.
They were then transferred to the barrel and sent to Aberdeen. They were
unpacked at the Laboratory and put into running water at 7 p.m. They had
been nine hours in the barrel.
II. The eggs of this lot were obtained on the afternoon of February 18
from both live and dead herrings; the milt was supplied by live males.
The plates stood in the original water in which the eggs and milt were
* Messrs. M‘Kay, T. and J. Birrel, Anstruther ; J. Paton, Montrose ; and Smith,
St. Monance.
+ Ewart—‘‘ Natural History of the Herring.” Second Annual Report of the
Fishery Board for Scotland for 1883. Hdinburgh, 1884. P. 71.
102 Part I1L.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
spawned for three-and-a-half hours. Some plates were filled with ova, and
fertilization was attempted with maisie herrings of both sexes that had been
dead for six hours. The later history of this lot is not known, as they
became mixed with the preceding plates of Lot II.
The barrel containing the cases was headed up at 6 p.m., and it was
unpacked in the Laboratory 19 hours later. The water had been unchanged
during that period.
Ill. The third lot of eggs was got at mid-day on February 19 from two
live herrings, a female 25 cm. long and a male 28°8 cm. in length. The
milt was squeezed out in a coherent ribbon. Three plates were filled. The
plates were allowed to remain for one hour before they were packed in the
barrel. Some of the milty water was put into the barrel. The barrel was
unpacked 74 hours later.
IV. Spawn was obtained at St. Monance at 1.30 a.m. on February 28
from live and dead females. The milt was obtained from live herrings.
Both the milt and the eggs ran more freely than during the operations a
week previously. The barrel was packed at 7.30 a.m., and unpacked at
Aberdeen seven hours later, or 13 hours after fertilization. The water had
only been changed once, that was when the barrel was packed.
V. The fifth lot of spawn was among gravel. A thick layer of gravel was
put into a barrel, which was taken to sea in a fishing boat. The spawning
was carried out by one of the crew. The milt was pressed out of a living
male herring into a bucket of water. The living females were pressed in the
barrel of water. Some milt was added from the bucket with each female
spawned. An attempt was made to distribute the spawn over the gravel.
The eggs falling to the bottom became attached to the gravel and formed big
masses of eggs stuck together, or remained unattached single eggs. The
egos were spawned between 4 a.m. and 5 a.m. on March 5dth, and the con-
signment arrived at the Laboratory about 9 p.m. on that day.
As the weather was cold at this time, no arrangements were necessary in
the case of any of the consignments to guard against any possible rise in
temperature during the journey.
It is important at all stages to have good clean water for the eggs. Mud
sticks closely. It may sometimes be removed partially by means of a brush
or a little jet of water.
In transferring the plates of eggs from one receptacle to another, and also,
later, when examining the eggs, it was necessary to expose them temporarily
to the air. This is probably a disadvantage, although no harm was clearly
traced directly to this cause. Every plate has been in this way exposed to
the air. In future arrangements this should be avoided.
The sixth lot of spawn was obtained in September. It was, like the last,
mixed with gravel. The barrel was forwarded without any cooling arrange-
ments. It arrived on September 12th. On that date the temperature of the
air was at one time 15:2° C.
On arrival at the Laboratory the eggs were not, as a rule, transferred
directly to the cooled water. They were usually left a night in the wooden
cases in running water. Then they were distributed in the cooled boxes, or
in water of the ordinary temperature. The water supplied to the hatchery at
this time of the year was cold, sometimes being below 4° C. On February
28, 29, and March 1, the temperature of the water on each date fell to
between 2° and 3° C.
The spawn on the glass plates was at first put into the egg-boxes (E, in the
accompanying wood-cut). The glass plates are there shown inclined in
position, with the eggs on the under side.
The water supplied to the eggs, uncooled and cooled, was filtered through
sand. Several filters were made of herring barrels, as shown in the sketch.
On the bottom was set a layer of large stones, covered by a layer of pebbles.
(ol
\
|" ies ay
Wy
eae’ . ele
it,
yo eee :
he
h ata Lf
)
ae
a
\
\
Hf, wooden hatching-box (Dannevig’s) :
5, sieve bottom to hatching-box.
E, egg-box (sheet metal): fs, fine sand: 97, gravel: gs, coarse sand:
>
/
NP LEP OEY LET LET LOOID. EOP ET (ED A A AT A
z, inflow : /, ice jacket to egg-box : 0, overflow :
J, ice tin:
FILTER.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 103
Above that a layer of gravel supported two layers of sand. The latter were
each about four inches thick. The lower layer was a coarse sand, while the
upper was a fine sand. The two grades were separated by means of a sieve
from mixed sand. When the filter became dirty it was easily refilled.
Sometimes it was sufficient to replace the upper sand layers with fresh
material.
The cooling of the water was, on the advice of Dr. Fulton, arranged in the
following manner. The apparatus consisted of a wooden trough 74 feet long
by 1 foot wide by 10 inches deep (see wood-cut) In the trough a number
of tins filled with ice, or ice and salt (I), were fixed. They were on guides
attached to the two sides alternately, so as to cause the current of water to
flow in a zig-zag course. As many as twelve tins, measuring 3 to 5 inches
in width, about 10 inches wide, and 14 inches high, were placed in the
trough. The partially cooled water passed out from the bottom of the
trough at (i) into the hatching apparatus.. It then met a series of two or
three tins filled with ice. For a short time at the beginning of the experi-
ment a mixture of ice and salt was put into the tins. Passing these, it
entered the sheet-steel ege-box (E), which was surrounded with ice (J), and
which had a lid filled with ice. The water then proceeded to another egg-
box or into a hatching-box (H), as shown in the drawing. In this case the
hatching-box contains spawn on gravel (gr). The arrow denotes the course
taken by the water. The letter (0) denotes the overflow.
The temperatures were taken by the attendant for the most part, but from
time to time by myself. The observations were made, with few exceptions,
from three to seven times in the twenty-four hours.
Lot I.—February 18,—The water in the barrel in which the spawn was
brought to Aberdeen was dirty ; it had been got at low water in Anstruther
harbour, On arrival the temperature of the water was 5°6° C., with a
specific gravity of 27:2. The temperature of the water in the hatchery was
4°4° C., and the specific gravity 27:2. The plates were left in this running
water overnight.
February 19.—The plates were taken out of the water at 32° C.,
and put directly into a cooled egg-box ii which the water was at 0-4° C.
Lot I[.—February 19.—-When this lot arrived at the Laboratory the
water in the barrel was at 6° C. The plates were put into running hatchery
water at 3°6° C. till next day.
—— February 20.—The plates were transferred from the water at
3°8° C. to ege-boxes at 0° C. and —1° C. respectively.
Lot ITI.—February 19.—On arrival the eggs were put into the hatchery
water at 4° C.
February 20.—The plates were transferred at 8 a.m., directly from
the water at 3°8° C. to the cooled water at 0° C. and —-4° C.
An egg was examined shortly after the plates had been put into the cooled
water. It was in the blastodisc stage (fig. 1), The zona was torn at the
point where the egg had adhered to the plate. A small piece of weed was
adhering to the zona.
At 11 a.m. a box containing one plate of Lot III. was taken out of the
cooling apparatus when the water was at —1:8° C. The box was left
standing to permit of the water warming up. At 2.20 p.m it was at 1° C.,
and by 7.45 p.m. it had reached a temperature of 5°4° C. A current of
water at 5°6° C. was then started flowing through the box. This box
received water at the ordinary temperature after this date.
On February 21 a plate each from Lots I. and II. were put into this
box. That from Lot I. was taken from 0°3° C. and put straight into water
at 1:4° C. An hour-and-a-half later the water registered 4°6° C., and the
plate was then transferred to the tin at 6°8° C. The plate of Lot IT. was
shifted directly from water at 4° C. to water at 2° C., and then from 2:1° C,
104 Part [II.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
into the tin at 8:2° C. For the temperature of the water from this time to
March 25 see Table, p. 106.
The eggs on the three plates were examined at this date. Under the lens ©
the eggs of all three lots were seen to have been fertilized ; the blastodisc
and a wide perivitelline space were apparent. The double egg-membrane
was more or less distinctly made out. The egg of Lot IIL. measured
1-4 mm. across the outer envelope, while the yolk sphere was ‘9 mm. in
diameter. The eggs were stuck very fast to the glass plate, and could not
be dislodged by a brush. A knife was required to remove them. Of five
eggs examined, one was dead ; the others were in excellent condition. The
dead egg had a wide perivitelline space, but the yolk sphere was shrunken.
It appeared to have been fertilized.
February 22—An egg of Lot I. showed a large thick blastodisec now
saucer-shaped (fig. 2). The disc covers the yolk like a cap. A number of
rod-like crystals are present inside the zona, In Lot II. the saucer-shaped
disc had a comparatively thin outline (fig. 3). The blastodise was composed
of very small cells; it covered half the yolk sphere. The long crystals were
present on the inside and outside of the zona, and on the yolk sphere.
The two-layered structure of the zona was well seen, since the outer
layer (0) which adhered to the glass had broken off, exposing the inner
layer (i). The eggs of Lot III. were in the same stage as Lot II.
While the egg of Lot I. was in the Laboratory, viz., 4 hours, it
developed from. the stage drawn (fig. 2) to that shown by the egg of
Lot II. (fig. 3).
February 23.—An egg of one of the lots which was examined on
February 22 was left till the following day in a glass cell, in which it was
barely covered with water. It had reached the condition shown i in Fig. 4.
The blastoderm almost, if not quite, covers the yolk.
Febrnary 25.—In Lot I, the embryo was about half-way round the
yolk (fig. 5). Kupffer’s vesicle was not made out. The eye was dimly
visible. There were many long crystals on the outside of the zona; they
were apparently larger than those noted before.
On the plate of ‘Lot II. the live egos were at the same stage as Lot I.
(fig. 6). Long crystals were seen inside the zona. Kupffer’s “vesicle was
not seen. The blastopore seems to be closed. In the specimen drawn the
eye was not made out, but in another specimen it was distinct (fig. 15). The
head is shown in optical section in Fig. 16. A number of dead eggs on this
plate had not swollen out to the size of the live eggs. A slight perivitelline
space was visible, but it was not so extensive as that of aliveegg. The dead
eggs were easily dislodged by the touch of a pipette, whereas the live eggs
stuck hard, and were forced off with a distinct jar. These dead eggs did not
appear to have been fertilized.
Lot III. were at the same stage as Lot I. The crystals both inside and
outside the zona were very long and numerous.
March 2.—A sample of the eggs of Lot I. was scraped off. All were alive
save one. The embryo now showed a free tail (fig. 7). At this stage the
embryo almost completely encircled the yolk. The eggs of Lot II. (fig. 8)
were slightly further developed. The tail was now further away from the
head. With the growth in length in the free portion of the tail, the snout
and the point ou the yolk sac where the tail began have grown further and
further apart. Lot III. (fig. 9) was ahead of Lot II. The eggs of Lots I.
and ITI. were very dirty.
March 4.—The eggs were doing well. The tail in Lot I. (fig. 10) has
grown much in length, although it is not much in advance of the stage that
had been reached by Lot III. two days previously. The embryo on Lot II.
was slightly further developed than Lot I. There was a large quantity of
crystals inside the eggs. Although Lot III. was fertilized one day later than
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 105
Lot L., the embryos were further advanced, because it was in the cooled water
for a shorter time (see Table, p. 106).
March 11.—In Lot I. the little fish was well formed: the eyes were
pigmented black. The tip of the tail came round to near its origin from the
yolk sac (fig. 11). One embryo examined was in a less advanced condition ;
the eyes were not pigmented. The only pigment visible in the embryo at
this date was in the eyes. There were little colourless patches all over the
head. The heart was beating slowly.
March 16.—The stage arrived at by Lot I. is shown in Fig. 12. The
embryo, which was now nearly ready to hatch, was lively. It twisted itself
about like an eel inside the zona. ‘The heart was beating, and the long
points from which the yolk is absorbed were visible on the anterior end of
the yolk mass. There was a green iridescence in the dark eyes.
March 19.—The first fry (fig. 55), only a few in number, were obtained
on this date from Lots L, Il., and III. Hatching had taken place from each
plate, after a period of incubation of 29 days in the case of the first two and
of 28 days in the case of Lot III. In estimating the time of incubation, a
new larva found on any date will be regarded as having been hatched on the
previous day. The plates were examined. Lot I. contained the largest
quantity of dead eggs ; Lots IT. and III. were in better condition. Several
fry hatched out while the plates were being examined—most from Lot III.
Although the eggs of Lot III. were the dirtiest, that plate contained the
smallest number of dead eggs. Up till this date a strong current of water
was flowing through the box. The egg when ready to hatch is translucent
and colourless except for the two opaque silvery eyes, which show as dark -
oints.
< March 20,—A large number of fry was obtained.
March 22.—-A few more fry appeared on this date.
March 23.—About 40 larve had hatched out since the previous day. A
good deal of fungus had appeared on the plate of Lot ITI.
March 24.—Some fry had appeared since the day before. The plates of
these lots had patches of fungus on them, and most of the eggs were dead,
apparently just lately. Some of the eg ges were still alive.
March 25.—Two larve were got on this date.
March 27.—The plates of eggs were taken out and examined to-day.
The plate of Lot I. was well covered with a thin scum of mould. The
fungus could be lifted off in a matted sheet. There was a large proportion
of the total quantity of eggs on the plate still adhering dead. A good pro-
portion of these contained well-developed embryos, the tail being fairly long.
Some had died when ready to hatch. The fungus is a mass of delicate
hyphe (figs. 13 and 14). There are also present on the shells of the dead
eggs the round white granular masses found on the eggs in the cooled
water (PI. I., fig. 57 ). In band ¢ (fig. 13) are given enlarged drawings of the
hypha in which granules were arranged in ‘little box-like collections. A
spindle-shaped body shown in a (fig. 13) was observed floating about; it
was a little broader than one of the hyphe. Lots II. and III. were
similarly attacked. Lot II. had very few eggs, but they were covered by
the matted fungus. The extensive destruction of the eggs and the appear-
ance of the fungus had occurred since the previous examination of the
plates on March 19. Did the fungus cause the death of the eggs or did it
develop after they had been otherwise killed? The current of water flowing
through the ova had been decreased, and this may have acted injuriously
on the eggs. Although it is possible that when the fungus had obtained a
good footing, it might of itself prove the destruction of the eggs still alive.
The empty egg-capsule, from which the larva has issued, has sometimes
merely an irregular tear across it; at other times a piece has been taken out
completely (fig. 17).
106 Part [TT.— Twenty-seventh Annual Report
On one part of the plate of Lot. I. there were 85 eggs on a surface half-
an-inch (12‘5mm.) square. They were arranged in one layer.
The eggs hatched after periods of incubation varying from 28 to 35 days,
in water of the temperature given in the following table :—
TABLE giving the temperature of the water during the period of Incubation.
I. Il. III. i II Ill Ts II III.
Feb. 18) *F.
, 18/4°4,5°6 Mar. 113,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 |Mar. 13] 48 | 48 | 4:8
» 19 0, 32F.36,6 F.4] ,, 2/93,4/28 4/28, 4) ,, lel 44 | 44 | 44
>, 20\-1°8, 0\-1°6,3°8\--4,5,64 ,, 3) 4:5 4°5 4°5 sole Led ee 42 4:2
», 21] 0, 68] +4, 8:°216'3,8°7) ,, 4! 4:9 4°9 AQ EE Sy) LS 42 4:2 4:2
» 22166 | 66 | 66] ,, 5) 44] 44 | 44] 5 lol fan leas lras
»» 25)3'6,4'8|3-6,4'3|3-6,4-) |, 71 43 | 43 | 43 1 3) 20/753 |753 | 753
», 26|3°6,4°2) 3°6,4°2 |3°6,4: Kev (fed Be B24 4:2 4°2 Amica a5) 5°6 56
3» 27/3°2,4°6|3'2,4°6/3-2.4-6 5 9 44 | 44 | 44] 5, 22lre7 |re7 |f6-7
5, 28|1°4,3°4|1-4,3-4/1-4,.3-4] |) 10] 54 | 54 | 54 | 3, osles3 1783 [783
», 29)/2°2,2°8) 2:2,2°8/2°2,2°3) ,, ll) 5:7 5°7 5:7 » 2If561f56 | £56
» 12) 46 | 46 | 46
*F. indicates the date of fertilization of the eggs.
+ The Lae ena on the following dates have been omitted :— Feb. 23 and 24;
Mar. 6, 14, 15, and 24. + Date upon which fry was obtained. /. Fry.
Lots I., II., and III. in Cooled Water.—Ic. IIc. ITT.
The majority of the eggs of Lots I., II., and III. were kept continuously in
cooled water. They are designated by the numbers Ic., IIc., and IIIc
Feb. 21.—The eggs of Ic. exhibited a solid blastodise at this date (fig.
18). A very large quantity of little rod-like crystals were present inside
the zona on the yolk. These crystals (cr, fig. 26, etc.), were present in
large numbers inside the zona in the cooled eggs.
Feb. 24.—The eges of Ic. and IIIc. now showed a saucer-shaped cap
similar to the condition shown in fig. 3. The crystals were numerous
inside the zona in IIIc. The edge of the blastoderm extended to about the
middle of the yolk-sphere. IIc. had the solid blastodise shown in figs. 19
and 20. One egg which had a solid disc was left in a watch-glass over-
night in the Laboratory. Next morning the germ was in the thin saucer-
shaped condition (fig. 3). Some eggs showed a depression (de) in the yolk
under one side of the blastodise (fig. 21).
Feb. 26.—The eggs of Ic. (fig. 22) were not very much advanced on the
stage found at the previous examination. The exterior of the egg was very
dirty. The sample of eggs of IIc. showed various stages of the blastodise
(cf. figs. 20, 23, 24, 2, 3): one was seen in the stage of fig. 22. In IIIc.
the stages observed are shown in figs. 24, 25, and 26. There was a great
quantity of crystals present in the yolk and on the inside of the zona, and
especially at the edge of the blastoderm, where the latter appeared to be
pushing the crystals in front of it. The crystals (cr) are shown in fig. 26,
in which the blastopore seemed to be about to close.
March 2.—Ic. and IIc. were examined. ‘The eggs are in the stage where
the blastopore (b.p.) is closed (fig. 27). There was a good number of dead
eggs. The plates occupying the last position in the cooled boxes, No. 1 and
No. 2, had no live eggs on them. The eggs, which were very dirty, had
been in the disc stage in the majority of cases at death, but some were
noticed in stages up to the closure of the blastopore. I consider that the
death of these eggs was due to insufficient aeration. A good many of the
eggs of IIIc. also were dead. ‘The live eggs were in the stage shown in
fig. 28. The blastopore was closed, but I could not make out a free end to
the tail.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 107
March 3.—A slide of IIc. was examined on this date. The eggs were
nearly all dead ; a few live eggs appeared here and there among the dead.
One egg was in a backward condition ; the blastoderm covered only two-
thirds of the yolk (fig. 29). The long crystals were present.
March 5.—The eggs of Ic. did not show much advance on the stage of
March 2. The tail had not begun to project yet (fig. 30). The eye can be
faintly made out. The live eggs of IIc. and IIIc. were in a somewhat
similar condition. One of the latter showed the tail just starting free (fig.
31). The eyes, although probably present, were not made out; the dirty
condition of the zona tended to prevent complete examination. A plate of
each lot was examined, and in the case of ic. and IIIc. a few live eggs were
found, while in the plate of IIc. all were dead. In the plate of Ic., where
the eggs were in two layers, the under layer next the glass sometimes con-
tained several live eggs. Where the eggs were in a single layer, an
occasional live egg only was noticed.
March 9.—The stages reached by the eggs of Ic. are represented in figs.
32 and 33. The former exhibits a small free tail.
March 11.—The average condition of the eggs of Ic. on this date is given
in fig. 34. One was noticed a little further advanced, the tail being slightly
longer. The eggs of IIc. were distinctly further on (fig. 35).
March 13.—A live egg of Ic. showed the condition exhibited in fig. 36.
March 16.—The egg of IIc. had the tail beginning to project.
March 18.—In IIIc. one or two of the eggs were found in which the tail
projected a little. One of these was left overnight in a glass cell in the
Laboratory. Next day it had developed to the stage shown in fig. 37.
The heart was beating gently and slowly. Very many of the eggs of Ic.
and IIIc. were dead. The live eggs were few in number, and were imbedded
among the dead eggs.
March 24.—One of the plates of Ic. had no live eggs on it. Some of the
eggs seemed to have died recently. In one of the dead eggs the tip of the
tail reached to the head. Many oi the dead eggs were covered with small
circular white patches (fig. 38). They could be removed along with the
outer layer of the egg-shell. An enlarged drawing of a portion of one of
these masses is shown in fig. 57. The organisms of which the masses were
composed are shown in figs. 39-46. They probably only grow on the
matter which exudes from a dead egg through the pores in the zona.
March 29.—The last remaining plate of IIc. was examined. All the eggs
were dead.
March 31.—Some eggs of Ic. which were scraped off one of the plates
were dead.
April 2.—No fry was seen in Ic.
April 8.—A plate of Ic. showed no live eggs. The eggs were covered
with the white patches mentioned above.
April 9.—Another plate of Ic. was examined. No live egg was found.
Most of the eggs had died lately, some at the closure of the blastopore.
All the eggs on a plate of IIIc. were dead. One of the eggs contained a
dead fully-formed larva with black pigmented eyes.
April 10.—On scraping the eggs off a plate of Ic. one egg was obtained
containing what appeared to be a live embryo (fig. 47). The embryo was
transparent and had black pigmented eyes. I did not, however, see the
heart beat, nor was the embryo observed to move. It was kept till next
day, when it came opaque, a certain indication of death. A number of dead
larvee was released from the eggs when the plate was scraped. In some of
these the tail reached to the auditory capsule.
So far as I am aware, no fry was hatched from any of these three lots in
cooled water.
108 Part [II.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
TABLE giving the Temperature in degrees centigrade of the Cooled Water in
which were the Eggs of Lots Ic. IIc., and IIIc.
Te. Ile. IIIc. Ic. and IIc. IIIe.
Date. Date
TPS aboce, M. m, M. m. M. m. M. m.
Feb. 18 |*F.5°6| 4:4 /EF.... ie Ae ae) Mar. 4 1:6 6 2°4 8
Mateo) 3:2 0 6 Bao) ys. 4 alti Me) 24 9 32 16
se 0) 0 —16 3°8 |—1°6 S443) | lle be IG 2:4 1) 2 3:2 16
ree all “4 0 WZ if “el ee jlo aoa al 1:8 Sil we 1°8
a OT) BS eA Al Oa | 2) a ke 8 |] lege” pedals 1:2"
suRee. 3 6 eo 0 3°4 1:2 54) a9 > 4 2'8 2.
LOE Ora c= Brl tee | oa 28] 161 ,, 10 | 2 ‘3 | 3 2
ono 3 = [32 2) =I 3°4 1:2 eed) 1°6 6 2°8 1‘8
93 260 | Bly 4 Nib Dea ueesG dh iy) oy a4) nia Al Aenean es 13
Ben) i 2°4. 5 al 1:8 iD 3 ie nay lias 16 “4. 2:4. 14
ae OAS 1:2 “4. 6 — 2 1°6 1, » 14 w 8 3 1:6
» 29° | V2) | wie rg 8 To a Mog! a a oe oes
Mar, JIN each ani er 2/18] 161 ,, 16 | 22} 12] 28] 29
yet) 16 “4. 1°4 0 2°4 1°4 Lary 2 1°4 2°6 2
ne 3 1°4 “4 245 ye6 2-4 if se ls 2 1 2°5 16
Ie. and IIc. IIIc. Ic. and IIc. IIIc.
Date. Date
+M. ime M. m. M. m M. m
Mar. 19 16 1 2°4 1:4 Mar. 31 Bo 8 3°4 16
ai 240) 16 i 3 16 ANjores 11 2°8 1 374 i
eal 14 1 OH) 1°6 a DP) al 14 2°8 ae
Arp eae 15 1-2 2°4. 16 Bs 3 9°4 1-4 3 1:8
apy | BS 2 1 Sill 2°8 oat ne: 2 1 3 16
ioe 16 6 3-6 2°8 (95 Se ait 25 | 12
5) 25 1:2 6 3-4 16 abelian 1 2-8 | 1:2
5 26 1-2 8 2-4 1:8 ge 1a 8o 9h” © Gaara eae
aoe 2 ] 4°4. 16 A 8 2°4. 1:4 2°6 1‘8
Abies 16 1 2'6 16 Lf 9 3°8 16 2°4 16
29 2 5 3 22 > 10 | 4:2 1) 250i ae eee
» 30 2°4. 14 3°) 2:2
* ¥F.—Date of fertilization.
+ Maximum of three to seven readings daily (day and night).
3 Minimum 99 29 29 3° 29 +)
Fourth Lot of Spawn.—The eggs were fertilized at St. Monance between
1 and 3 a.m. on February 29. They were obtained from live females and
also from females which had died a short time previously. The milt was
taken from live males. The plates were packed at 7.30 a.m., and unpacked
at Aberdeen at 3 p.m. The water in the barrel was at that time at 2°8°, the
hatchery water was 3°, while the cooled water was 1°7° C,
This lot was divided ; the larger part (IV.) was put into uncooled water,
while the remainder (IVc.) was transferred to cooled water.
Some spawn (IVs.) was found free or stuck to the bottom of the barrel
in which the herrings had been kept alive on the fishing-boat. This was
put into the water of the hatchery at the ordinary temperature, but instead
of being in the metal egg-boxes in which the rest of Lot IV. was kept, it
was kept in a Dannevig hatching-box. On March 23 it was transferred to
a shallow floating hatching-box. The eggs were single or stuck together in
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 109
small groups or in big lumps. The lumps were, in some cases, quite one
inch in thickness and over one inch in length. There was a big proportion
of the eggs arranged in little groups of two, three, or more. The eggs in the
large lumps died early, but a large proportion of those in the little groups
survived and hatched. On March 17 the eggs in the largest lump were
practically all dead. On 23rd March the remaining lumps were nearly all
dead. The mass of eggs is tough, and is not readily broken. The eggs in
the largest lump had died early, the eggs being in the dise stage, One of
the smaller Jumps had a few live eggs in the interior surrounded by dead
eggs.
The eggs on the glass plates died in large numbers in the metal egg-boxes,
but a considerable proportion hatched out,
February 29.—About twelve hours after fertilization some of the eggs
of [VB. were examined. They were in good condition. The perivitelline
space was large, and the blastodise was segmented into two or four (fig. 48).
March 1.—The eggs of IVs. were in the condition shown in fig. 1.
The dise was completely segmented. The eggs examined the previous day
had been left overnight in a glass cell ; they were at a similar stage.
March 3.—IV. and IVs.—The eggs on the glass plates and also IVs.
at this date showed the disc in a saucer-shape of approximately the stages
shown in figs, 2 and 3.
March 4.—IV. and IVs.—The eggs were not much advanced on the
condition found on the preceding day. They were, however, in good con-
dition, and the stages shown in figs. 2, 3, and 4 were exhibited by some of
them. There were quantities of long crystals outside and inside the egg-
shell. The great majority of the eggs of IVs. were alive.
March 7.—IV.—tThe blastopore was closed (fig. 5). The eye was visible,
but the pupil was not made out. A Kupffer’s vesicle was noticed. Long
crystals were present inside the zona,
March 13.—IV.—The tail of the embryo almost reached the head. (Cf.
fig, 9:
March 17.—IVs.—One of the eggs had an embryo in which the tip of
the tail reached to the neck, approximately the condition shown in fig, 11.
In IV. there was considerable variation in the stage of development. In
some the end of the tail was just short of the head (e.g., a little further on
than fig. 9), while in others the tail reached past the head. (Cf fig. 11.)
A great quantity of crystals was observed on the embryo and on the zona.
March 18.—IV.—One egg was examined. At first no movement either
of the embryo or of the heart could be detected. After a little the heart
began to beat steadily, and the embryo twisted itself round in the egg.
This was probably in consequence of the rise in temperature due to
its transference to the Laboratory). The embryo lay a long time
passive. Next morning the egg was alive; the heart was beating slowly but
vigorously,
March 23.—IV. and I[Vs.—Some fry was obtained to-day from each
portion of the spawn—that is, after an incubation period of 23 days. On
this date the eggs of [VB. were transferred from one box to another, and
the larvee were hatching out during the operation. The movement probably
aided the escape of the fry from the eggs. The temperature of the water
was 6°. Some of the eggs were left for three-quarters of an hour in a glass
cell. The temperature rose to 8°. Two larve hatched out. The egg-
capsules from which the fry had escaped were ruptured irregularly ; in one
case a piece of the zona had been taken out. The capsules were very dirty,
and infusors were running about them.
March 24.—IV. and 1Vs.—130 fresh larvee were counted on this date.
March 25, 26, 27, 28.—IV..and IVs.-—Larve were obtained. Oa the
last date some of the eggs of IVz. were still unhatched, Occasionally an
H
110 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
egg is seen whirling round. This is due to the larva having managed to
push its tail out.
March 30, 31, April 1.—IV. and IVs.—Some more larve were got.
April 3.—A few of the eggs of IV. were alive and unhatched, but the
great mass of the unhatched eggs are dead and covered with fungus.
April 5.—One live larva was obtained from IV.
April 8.—No fry had been obtained from IV. since April 5. There
was a considerable quantity of dead unhatched eggs, and the plates were
covered with fungus. The plates were cleared away.
The first fry had hatched after 23 days, the last after 35 days. The
be hia of the water during this period is given in the following
able :—
The Temperatures of the Water in which the uncooled Lots IV.
and IVs. were kept. Degrees centigrade.
IV. and [Ys. IV. and IVs.
Date. Date
*#M Tm. M m
| ce ee | ee 8 ee
Fe.
Feb. 29 em ye) 2°8 Mar. 19 5 3:8
Mar. 1 3°6 3 3 420 4:8 4]
x 2 3°6 3-4 sano 5 4-2
3 3 4-2 3°6 Wieoe 5:4 4-2
_ 4 4°6 3°8 ory poe $f 6°4 i)
eS 5 4-6 3°8 (Pee t6 5:4
a 6 4:6 4-4 5» 20 756 io
is 7 4-4 4-2 eit 2G f5-4 4-4
$5 8 4:6 3°5 ree f5'8 52
es 9 5-2, 4-2 sity 28 f5'8 54
Pe | pr 5 oi 2 6°5 ay
eee © | 5-2 4-9 = aio) ford 5
ar ae 5 4-6 eres | 756 4:6
gaits 5 4 April 1 756 4:4
oe a. aes 4-4 ae. 6-4 5:4
roby (5, 5 3°9 ee 6°4 5:6
poe ow. tc 5 4-6 a a 61 5°6
eg 5 4-3 nae f6 5:4
RAS 4-8 4:9
* Maximum of three to seven readings daily (day and night).
+ Minimum 3° 3 39 33 33 39
+ F.—Date of fertilization. § Date upon which fry (‘‘f”) was obtained.
The Cooled Eggs of the Fourth Lot of Spawn—IlVc, IVc!, IVc?.
Of this lot of spawn three batches were cooled independently. One, IVe,
was cooled from the time of its arrival at Aberdeen. The secoud, 1Vc!, was
put into cooled water on March 7, after it had been a week’ in the
ordinary hatchery water. On this date the eggs were at the stage when the
blastopore is just closing (figs. 5 and 6). The third batch, [Vc?, was shifted
into cooled water on March 18, when the tail of the embryo reached round
to the neck. Cf. fig. 11,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 111
March 3.—I Vc.—The eggs showed a germ in a disc stage of very small
cells ; cf. fig. 20. A great quantity of crystals was present inside the zona.
March 4th.—IVc.—The egg examined was in disc stage (fig. 20). Some
of the eggs were dead.
March 5th.—IVc.—The disc showed a tendency to become saucer-shaped
(fig. 49). Here also there was a large number of crystals.
March 7.—A plate of IV., which had up till now been in the ordinary
hatchery water, was on this date transferred to cooled water. It was placed
horizontally, with the eggs uppermost, in an egg-box. The plate rested on
the top of the inclined guides, p. 102. The eggs were in the stage of
development exhibited in figs. 5 and 6. This plate is now labelled [Vc?.
It was transferred at 2.45 p.m. from water at 4°3° into water at 2°6° At
3.30 p.m. the temperature had fallen to 1-4° C. The plate was exposed
momentarily to the air when being removed to its new situation.
March 11.— 1Vc.—This batch consisted of three glass plates bearing eggs.
They were arranged in an egg-box, standing obliquely, eggs downward, as
shown in E, p. 102. The eggs of the first and third plates were nearly all
dead. On tke middle plate they were nearly all alive. The dead eggs had
died while in the disc stage. The live eggs were mostly in the stages shown
in figs. 50, 51, and 6. One, however, had a germ similar to that of fig, 2.
March 18.—I Vc!.—The eggs were apparently doing well; a few were
dead. A deposit of fine mud was removed from the eggs by means of a
pipette.
April 4.—IVc!.—Half of the eggs on this plate seemed to be alive.
They were very dirty. The eggs upon which the incoming water impinged
directly were cleaner than those situated a little away from its immediate
action.
April 9.—IVc!.—A good number of the eggs were seen to be dead at this
date. The live eggs were at the stage shown in fig. 52. The eye had
black pigment in it. Two of the eggs which were examined seemed almost
ready to hatch. The dead eggs were covered with the white colonies
mentioned on p.
April 14.—For most of the preceding period the water from IVc. has
passed into the box containing 1Vct. By this date the order had been
reversed, and a trap for any larve which might be hatched had been
arranged. It consisted of an ordinary hatching-box placed so as to receive
the outflow from IVc.
April 15.—IVc., [Vc?.—Four live larve and a dead larva were obtained
from these eggs. They are the first fry to be noticed, and they represent
an incubation period of 46 days. They may have come from either IVc. or
TVc!, or from both.
' April 16.—Two live larve were found. In [Vc! there were some eggs
alive ; the majority were, however, dead.
April 17.—One live larva appeared on this date. Some of the eggs of
IVc?! were still alive.
April 18.—Four live larvee were obtained. It seems that when the eggs
arrive at a condition ready for hatching a rise in temperature at once
liberates them.
April 19.—No ‘fry was obtained on this date. Some of the eggs of [Vc'
were still alive. The weather was colder, and the temperature of the
hatchery water did not rise so much as usual during the night.
April 20.—One live larva was in the trap in the forenoon, and by
2.20 p.m. another had hatched out. There was a small patch of live eggs
on the plate of [Vc!. They were not immediately below the inlet, but a
little in front, and in the direct line from the inlet to the outflow of the box.
The last remaining plate of [Vc. was examined. It had not been possible
to examine this plate properly since it was set in the egg-box in a slanting
112 Part IIT —Twenty-seventh Annual Report
position. It was necessary in this case to lift the slide out of the water
and transfer it to a tray containing water before it could be examined.
This was avoided in case the exposure of the eggs to the air might injure
them. No live eggs were at this date found on the plate. The eggs were
all much swollen and dirty. They were covered with a layer of white
patches (vide p. 107). In some places the growth had a pinkish colouration.
The contents of nearly all the eggs had disappeared. -When the eggs were
scraped off the plate, a few dead larvee were turned out. One appeared to
have been ready to hatch, and others were in the stage where the tip of the
tail reached to the back of the head (cf. fig. 11). Two eggs contained
larvee which were so recently dead that they were still in greater part trans-
parent. The eggs of [Vc} alone remained from this date.
April 21.—No fry was obtained. Live eggs were, however, noticed.
April 22.— One live larva was got on this date.
April 23.—No fry appeared. There were still a few live eggs.
April 24.—No live fry was found. One live egg was seen. The plate of
ae was shifted from the cooled water to the uncooled hatchery water
catohe | CBP
April 25.—One larva was obtained. It was in good condition. Some
eggs appeared to be still surviving.
April 26, 27, 28, 29.—No fry was obtained. On the 29th a live ege was
observed.
April 30.—No fry was found. All the eggs on the plate were dead. —
They were covered with a thick coat of debris. Many of the embryos had
died about the stage of the closure of the blas‘opore.
The fry then appeared at intervals of from 46 to 55 days after fertilization.
IVc?.—March 18.—This plate of eggs had been kept at the ordinary
temperature of the hatchery water in one of the metal egg-boxes. The
great majority of the eggs were alive. The temperature of the water was
4-2°, The plate of eggs was cooled to 2° and then transferred to a
hatching-box supplied with cooled water of 1:2° C. It was retained in the
cooled water until the eggs hatched. One of the eggs was examined and
found to be in the stage represented by fig. 53. The tip of the tail reached
to the neck region. The yolk was being rapidly absorbed, and showed the
little peaks on the periblast very distinctly. An egg was examined after
the plate had been in the cooled water for an hour. The embryo was very
quiet; the heart was giving an occasional contraction. It beat for about
half a minute, making during that time about six contractions; it then
rested for one minute 49 secs., when it started again. During the time it
was in the watch-glass the temperature may have risen.
March 24.—Two eggs of this lot on this date seemed to be ready to hatch.
They were examined immediately on being removed to the Laboratory.
The heart was beating steadily. The eggs lived in the glass cell till the
27th, when both appeared to be dead. Neither had hatched, although one
of them when seen on the 28th had managed to get its head out.
March 29.—Fourteen larvee were obtained from this batch of eggs.
They were not very active, although they wriggled a little.
March 30.—Forty more larve had appeared.
April 1.—No fry was obtained on this date. The plate of eggs was
shifted from water at 2° into a new situation where the water was at 2°8° C,
Some of the eggs were dead, but the majority was alive and unhatched.
From this date onwards the water supplied to these eggs was warmer than
before.
April 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.—Larve were obtained on each of these
dates. On April 2, 55 were got ; on April 9, 70, and on the 10th, 20. On
the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 9th the fry was noticeably rather livelier than on the
other dates.
of the Fishery Board jor Scotland. 113
April 11, 12, 13.—No live larvee were seen. The plate was examined on
the last date. A great number of the eggs had been killed when on the
point of hatching. The ayes were well pigmented and silvery.
The fry then appeared at intervals of from 28-41 days after fertilization.
The eggs of this lot which remained uncooled (viz., IV.), hatched out in
22 to 35 days.
The Temperature of the Cooled Water in which Batches IVc, IVc!, and IVc? were kept.
Degrees centigrade.
Ve. IVe. TVe?. 1Vc?.
Date.
a ce | | ——___—_ —
For the Tem-
Feb. 29 |F.3 1 {F.3 2°S8 | Mar. 15 2 12) |) Tee *8 |peratureup to
Mar. 1 12 9 36) | fa my ol6 2°6 16 |; 24 1-4 |Mar. 18, vide
nee LG SGT A Wy oy Chay shee EG 1-4 [IV.,Tab. p. 110
es i ea) A) aot gg ha ag “hago lie | oO 1 42] 1
F icaes 16 6 46 38 eel 2 6 16 8 2 1
Ac) 28) 2:8 7 4°6 3°8 spe. 20 2 1 1°8 1 2 1,
so 0 2°6 14 4°6 4-4 tS ato 15 1:2 14 8 18 14
Jar teed | 2°4 13 4:3 | ee 1°5 1:2 1-4 1:2 1°8 12
ear oor eet Olaf gE on) op.) 9 2 18 | 2-4 | 14
gH Wao | p58 4] ,, 2 | 24] 18] 2 15 | 26 | 1:4
ae LO 2°4 1:2 2:2 8 1) eo 15 1 14 8 2°4 1-2
eel 2-2 5) 2:2 3) ei 20 2 12 16 1:2 2-2 1:2
st 12 1°6 ail 14 5 A ML Oe Nerlcopali mss V6), 24 | sd
ete Gn oo ea OR Lee iss || PSN ba Se be 6
» 14 2:2 18 ]| eee 8 ei 29 Rave Va | 2 FS fs 16
EVE; pve. IVc?. lve EVe?:
Date.
M. m. M. m. M. m. m M. m
Mar. 30 3° 16 2°4 1:4 |*f2°8 16 2 2 3 2
ho ell! 26 1H FA I 245) 1) I 4) 14 )f26 | 1:5
Apr. 1 32 8 2°8 1 3°6 2 2 11 | f4°4 14
ee 21 D4 resi Ta oe 2al | 27 12 | f4 2
3s 8 Dison | am Lisle iD Ate ie NES ea 3 co} dt lip esl pale ilies
3 A 26h IED DD se EU Qe ie ah Os eA alle eel TI
se) iD Welle 22h sit ace EAA? 4) 14/726 | 16
se ae) 2.6 eel (ocd id al fen he 26 PNAS 2 5
are e EG bg) SE 2 9 | f4 2 : .. [fad | 14
ues 25) OPS PoeG jl pore oes Peal ol
re 9 26.) LBs 2G LS F4-6 fi 24 5°8 8
lO 2)8ulki bop 13 15 | f4 2°4 fd 3°8
ofa 34 |. EG fese robe |) 4 1'8 den ees
a ae a 44 | 2 42 | 158
foe le? S40. MSE eae SG: ed 3
* <” indicates the date upon which fry appeared.
Firta Lor or Spawn.—This lot consisted of spawn on gravel. It was in
the form of large masses, small groups of eggs, two or three and upwards,
attached to pieces of gravel, or simply to one another, or single eggs free or
attached to stones. There was a great quantity of single eggs.
March 5.—The eggs fertilized on the morning of March 5 arrived at
114 Part [L1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
the Laboratory on the evening of the same day. They were kept in the
hatchery water over night.
March 6.—The spawn was divided, part kept in uncooled water, the
remainder in cooled water. Anegg wasexamined. The disc was large and
segmented (cf. fig. 1).
The Uncooled Spawn—V.—The uncooled spawn was put into shallow
enamelled trays and a circular wooden tub. The water flowed through
these in series. The depth of water varied from half-an-inch to two or three
inches ; the trays were set with a slope on the bottom. The trays and the
tub were turned round each day so as to alter the run of the water. This
was done with the view of preventing the formation of dead water.
The large pieces of spawn were kept in a floating wicker-basket and in a
hatching-box (p. 102). On March 26 these eggs were nearly all dead. In
the interior of the mass the eggs had died in the disc stage. On some of
the smaller pieces the embryos had been well on before death occurred,
having reached the stage in which the tip of the tail touched the head.
On March 31 all the eggs in the big lump were dead and covered with
fungus. A few fry had apparently been hatched from them.
March 11.—Some of the eggs were examined. They were at the stage
where the blastopore is closing (cf. figs. 5, 6, 27, 51).
March 26.—Many of the single eggs were dead, They lay on the
bottom packed close with other single eggs or under the gravel, and in that
way did not receive efficient aeration in the trays. Where several eggs were
stuck together the mortality was not so marked. The single eggs had not,
as a rule, expanded to the same extent as the eggs that were joined
together. Some of the dead eggs had on the zona the round white patches
which were noticed above, p. 107. There were numbers of Planarians and
swarms of infusors among the eggs. The groups attached to the little
pieces of stone seemed to do well. Four larve hatched out while the eggs
were being shifted about. When just released from the egg the head of
the larva was in some cases markedly bent downwards (fig. 56).
March 27, 28, 29.—Fry was obtained on each date.
April 1, 4, 5.—A large quantity of fry was got on these dates.
On April 4 many of the pieces of spawn were dead and covered with
fungus. In the trays the eggs have been fully exposed to the light, and this
may have had a detrimental effect upon them.
April 6, 8—On the former date a few larve appeared, and on the latter
one was got.
April 12.—Another herring had hatched out during the night. The
gravel amongst which the spawn was distributed was covered with a brown
coat of diatoms. The great majority of the eggs were dead. Some had
died in the early stages. The single eggs were dead in large quantities ;
some were black. The pieces of spawn on the top of the gravel were
covered with fungus. » © |4°5 |... |Mar. 9thwas| 4:5 |... |) Mar. 20 2G ie Se 26l eleom ee 12)
» 6 | 44 ]2°5|/the same as| 4:4 | 2°6 3) Se 22 |2 |24/16] 1:8 1-4
ee e260 2-45 nim Vie ane yee 2-6) 12:4, 2:20 7 Sai es 32
>» 8 | 2:2) 1:6 |——~ 3 8 Pg a) a, WAG Is 1333 |) Brat 1°4
Be I Gl] ah Gs 2 BO || IB eo: 3°8 |2°813°2)26] 26 1°4
el Oa Ke eae 3 19 |2:4)1°6 RO ai PPA ase Tkoak |) Spout 2)
Ag LES} qj} 33 Tek | Boy IL 38 DE 1 BO Ta |) Be? 12)
gy LB | Bes ho 1 2 ‘8 weed AD DONA 5) Mae eae 1:5
55) Gj 2D 8) 2} 6 OS 26 |2 |26)1:4)] 1:8 16
era es eal 3°6 cGy |) 322) 33 29 4°6 |2°8/2°812°5 | *6°5 3
np ly) PRG |) a8 D) Danial, 59 a) Ag RASS DED a ney ee: 5
oy NG A eS eS WASP | AE ALG) Pho 34 12°403°4) 1 16 os6 4°4
ie 2:61 2 2:6 Z 2°2)}1:4] Apr. 1 3:9) 12:61 350) eG aire 4°4
Sane 45 lone Wee [ell ae melee: 2°8 | 2°7|2 6:4 5°4
yO 2s 16) 22 Te ae TI iS O34 (| Oaa S24 Sale 56
Ve Vel Ve Vel. DSA ae
Date. Date.
M m.| M m HY af vc a ke a) M. | m
Apr. 4 Bieeb | Doss | Bite) | 6:1 | 56] Apr. 18) 26/2 |f1°6) 1:2} Apr. 14) 73°6 | 2°8
me CD) By Pe) PRS TEAS) Ie antes) EI | 8 5 TY SBN cag Ae 35 LOA Farm leat :
Bene iG} ay | Sea Ish 7/cah | 20 2S aie 14] ,, 16) f2°7'2:2
eee Pe) || Bate Ile} | LOT PG} GPS) |b = ILS les} EPs eee yer ll |) coe
cS 3). |) eb Be TGS) Sy es eRe yr} 1:24. 5; 18! jee ples
a) 4 |2 3 18) 16:8) (6:2) 3.) 23 \f2°4 ABNF 2:2 | 12) On yeeion ears
oo LO i426)! 3 Aer NG oy PBR) eee | UL 15 LON Zoe
oy wlll | PAD SONA BGG) | og ZEN Aa “ST 55 ZL 2 Shee
ae assole 45/2 |f6°8] ... 5 26) 3:2) 2°6 3-4 2 ene. 3333 || tod
ey LSaiyiei 3 AGF TC OME Tos AU Ni Bie NT RSS fs 2s Ph eee} Ile
op LA e73°6 2 Bo || TBC 55 285), fis ol) eee 4 :Gul 35) een es 8
50 ED BP ee SI tS ajoa 2515 | 8S
a» 16 3°6 | 2:4) 74:2] 1:2)/7:2)| 6:2 > OarONlD
» L7| fa2|22)f4 | 1:3) 7:9) 6:8 Pe CU WAT || Be
* Vc®. was shifted on March 29 from the cooled water into the ordinary hatchery water.
+f Denotes that fry was obtained on that date.
+ “* Vec.”—The temperatures of ‘‘ Vc.” were, up to April 14, intermediate between those
of Vct. and Ve. The cooled water flowed from Vc?. into ‘‘ Vc.” and from the latter into
Ve. ‘‘ Ve.” was shifted to another situation on April 14. This has not been included in
summary table, p.
Lot Vi.—The sixth lot of herring spawn was obtained by Mr. ‘Thomas
Smith, of the steam drifter “ Integrity,” K.Y. 178, while off the coast of
Yorkshire. The spawn was pressed out on September 8 into a barrel
containing gravel. Another opportunity of obtaining spawn occurred on
September 11, and some ova were .added to the same barrel. The
herrings from which the spawn was procured were very small, about
83 inches (21°5 cm.) in length. The barrel was on board till
September 12. The weather was stormy, and the spawn received an
“awful tossing.” The water was changed in the barrel several
times. The barrel was landed at Anstruther on September 12, and for-
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 119
warded by rail to Aberdeen. On arrival the barrel was, by inadvertence,
sent to the cold store, the temperature of which was 20° F. (—6°6° C.).
Twenty hours later it was recovered from the cold store. By this time a
layer of ice 22 inches thick had formed on the top of the sea-water. The ice
was removed, and the barrel was then conveyed to the Laboratory. After
an interval of one to two hours the spawn was, at 3 p.m. on September 13,
distributed in several hatching-boxes supplied with running sand-filtered
water of a temperature of about 12° C.
The first portion of the spawn had been in the barrel for five days, and a
large quantity of it was alive. The embryo was at the stage shown in
fic. 10 ; the tip of the tail almost reached the head. Some of the eggs of
the later portion of spawn were alive and in the disc stage.
On September 19 a quantity of herring fry was noticed. Some may
have appeared before that date. There was a strong current of water
flowing through the boxes. The temperature of the water in the pond at
the Laboratory had been in the interval—September 12 to 19—at 11:6°
to 13° C. That range may be taken for the water flowing in the hatchery.
The fry were swimming actively right at the surface, so close to it that they
continually broke the surface, causing a rather characteristic shimmer.
Some embryos showing pigmented eyes but not yet ready to hatch
probably belonged to the second batch of eggs. Many of the eggs were dead ;
one mass consisted of dead eggs except at the edge, where one egg contained ~
a live embryo ready to hatch. This fact would probably indicate that the
mass belonged to the first portion of spawn. Many of the eggs had died
before the closure of the blastopore. Some, however, had died after the
embryos had developed.
There were large auantities of fry for a week after September 19. The
majority of the eggs were, however, dead.
Mayer's EXPERIMENTS.
Meyer* made some important experiments on the influence of cold on the
incubation-period of the ova of the spring-herring of the Baltic (River
Schlei).
“The eggs, fertilized in porcelain dishes on April 26, were kept at various
temperatures ; the water was changed once a day. The ova kept at 10° to
12° C. hatched in 10 to 11 days. Those that were put on arrival at Kiel
into water at from 1° to 2°C., and which were kept at that temperature,
hatched out in 28 to 33 days. Some were still later in escaping. Some
egos of the summer-herring had, however, been retarded to a similar extent
by a temperature of 3°5° C.”
“Tn the case of eges kept at 0° C., the first fry appeared on the 47th day.
The fry did not seem to be quite healthy, although many of them swam
actively about all day long. Some of them had curved backs. Meyer,
however, was of the opinion that healthy fry might be hatched at a tem-
perature of O° C. The limit to which cooling of the ova may be carried,
without causing death, is given by Meyer, for the Baltic water, at between 1°
and —0-8° C.; in either case near 0° C. In water of —0°8° C. the yolk
becomes opaque and the egg-shell swells up and bursts. He found that the
fry of the spring-herring, which measured on hatching 4°7 to 7°2 mm., were
rather smaller than those of the summer-herring, which varied from 5:4 to
8:8 mm. In each case the eggs which had the longer incubation-period gave
rise to the larger lava. The water of the Schlei when fertilization was made
on April 26 had a salinity of 1 per cent. The water in Kiel harbour had
about that time a salinity of 1:4 per cent.”
* Meyer—“ Biologische Beobachtungen bei Kiinstlicher Aufzucht des Herings der
westlichen Ostsee.” Mittheil. aus der Komm. zw wissenschaftl. Untersuchung der
deutschen Meere. I. Berlin, 1878.
Date Water.
Bot of Cocks! se) KS Period of eet
‘| Fertili-| Uncooled. Range. Ineubation. of Thonn
zation. Table, Aver- :
page} M. m age
1908.
I, Feb. 18} Partly cooled.| 106 | 8-3 |—1:8] 4 Feb. 18 to Mar. 25 | 29 to 35 days.
IL. Ue oy) OD) 2? 106 8:3 salt 4:2 29 2? ”? 29 ue
Tl. Lg 3 i 106 | 8:7 |— 4| 4:4 ie 3 a 28 to 34 days.
NiGe », 18} Cooled. 108 | 5°6 |—1°6} 1:4 | None hatched. tg
Ue! Seas 7 108 | 6 —16| 14 of if
Kile. Prag i) + 108 | 4 —16} 2:1 am 5 Se
IV. 5, 29}| Uncooled. 110 | 6:4 2°8| 4:8 | Feb. 29 to April 5 | 23 to 36 days.
1Vc. >> 9) | Cooled. 113 | 4:2 |— 4] 1°8 Hf se 20 | 46 to 51 days.
PVCr ee poss FA 113 | 5:8. 1 21 a vA 25 | 46 to 56 days.
IVc.2 | _,, ,,| Partly cooled.| 113 | 5:2 1 3°2 if ea 10. | 28 to 41 days.
We Mar. 5] Uncooled. 115 | 8-2 4:2) 5° | Mar. 5 to April 12 | 20 to 34 days.
Vo. m3) 55 | Cooled: 118 | 46 il 2°6 se : 27 ~| 37 to 52 days.
Vics are 1 118 | 4:6 8 | 2:3 4 - 28 | 41 to 53 days.
Wier spas ae 5 118 | 7-9 45) |) Be 56 if 17 | 35 to 42 days.
Vi. Sept. 8| Partly cooled.} — | 13. |—66]| ... |Sep. 8toSep. 19et. sey.| 11 to * days.
120 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
SUMMARY.
TABLE SHOWING THE P¥RIoDS OF INCUBATION FOR EACH LOT OF SPAWN.
The average temperature over the period is obtained from the maximum and
minimum observed temperatures of each day. Every temperature
observation was, therefore, not made use of. The data given in the
tables above are the material used. Degrees centigrade.
Temperature of the
*The upper limit of the incubation-period was not noted.
The experiments show that the period of incubation of the eggs of the
North Sea herring may be extended to 50 days, if the eygs are kept in
water of a sufficiently low temperature. From the extensive range of
temperature to which the various batches of eggs were subjected, it is seen
that the ova are able to withstand changes in temperature very well. . : x Ue
ee oes o Pe 22nd e : F ‘ ;
Peeeeo = Ir ; x 19
Bo AS fs I., IL., and TI. of Herring Spawn, 23rd Feb. 1908 E x 19
Aare es 5 L. of Herring Spawn, 25th Feb. 1908.
3° 6. 39 II. be] be) a9
oped os ihe ae 2nd March 1908.
Le) 8 ” II. ” oe) be) be)
be) 3) ” Il. > 9” be) 29
29 10. 23 I. a) 4th 33 39
”° Ue 29 I. be) llth 39 +e)
3° 12. 2” ie ”» 16th 99 29
», 13. Hyphe of Fungus on Herring Spawn, 27th March 1908.
», 14. Fungus on Herring Spawn,
», 15. Head of Embryo of Lot I. of Herring Spawn, 25th Feb. 1908
Sk: n is »» Seen in Optical
Section.
,, 17. Empty Egg-capsule, ,, », 27th March 1908.
», 18. Egg of Lot Ic. of Herring Spawn, 21st Feb.,—d. blastodisc . ; x 19
,, 19, 20. Eggs of Lot IIc. of Herring Spawn, 24th Feb. 1908 . A x 19
5, 21. Cooled Eggs of Herring Spawn, 24th Feb. 1908, showing depres.
sion (de) between the blastodisc and the yolk.
», 22. Egg of Lot Ic. of Herring Spawn, 26th Feb. 1908 . ; ; : x 19
ewes a IIc. ; x 19
», 24. Eggs of Lots Ifc. and IIc. of Herring Spawn, 26th Feb. 1908.
», 25, 26. Eggs of Lot IIIc. of Herring Spawn, 26th Feb. 1908—-bp,
blastopore, cr. crystal,
Part I[[.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
hd. head.
28. Ege of Lot IIIc. e
29. “f Tic: i
30 i) Ic ”
31 a Selle 5
32) os 55 Ic -
34 oy) Ic 29
35 refer wl BEG) ot
36 A Ic AS
37. ae JOU Key 5
38. 3 itee
white granular masses on its exterior.
. 27. Egg of Lot Ic. of Herring Spawn, 2nd March 1908—bp. blastopore,
3rd Mar ch 1908.
5th a ; ; F x 19
ie ts ’ x 19
9th os
1]th ee
te) 99
13th a5
19th 5
24th < Deadegg. Ithas :
39-46. Enlarged views of the Organisms comprising the white
patches shown in Fig. 38.
ih Egg of Lot ig of Herring Spawn, 10th April 1908.
2% 39
is 3 Vo Le
50. 33 23 23
dl. 39 33 39
Sy. a5 ”
53. ps
Ive
54. Mouth of Larva of Herring just hatched.
55. Larva of Herring just hatched, 19th March 1908 . F ~ OXeaen
56. Head of Larva just released from the Egg,p. .
57. Portion of one of the white granular masses shown in Fig. 38.
Magnified.
Letters Usep 1n Puate I.
b.—blastodisc.
bp.—blastopore.
er.—crystal.
de. —depression between the blasto-
disc and the yolk.
29th Feb. _,,
5th March ,,
1lth 5
os », bp. blastopore.
9th April 1908.
18th March 1908.
hd.—head.
ht.—heart.
i.—inner investment.
o.—outer a
pt.—-protoplasm point on periblast.
w2
2 (oles
S:
H
ERRING (Clupea harengus )
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. ss
V.—A REVIEW OF THE FISHERY STATISTICS FOR SCOTLAND.
By Dr. T. Wemyss Fuuron, F.R.S.E., Scientific Superintendent.
Since the establishment of the Fishery Board in 1882, the annual
Reports have contained a large and important series of statistical tables
referring to the sea fisheries of Scotland. In the present paper those
which refer to certain subjects, namely, the quantity and value of the fish
and shell-fish landed in each year, have been collated and discussed, and
certain conclusions have been drawn from them as to the increase or
decrease of a particular kind of fish, in quantity or value, or in relation to
the methods of capture. The statistics are published in the Reports of the
Board in relation to the fishery districts—that is to say, the divisions of the
coast into areas according to the requirements of the fisheries in the
localities; and in dealing with them they have been arranged in the three
great divisions —the East Coast, comprising fifteen fishery districts, from
Eyemouth to Wick, and embracing the north as well as the east coast of
Scotland ; the West Coast, comprising ten fishery districts, including the
western islands; and the Orkney and Shetland Isles, which are grouped
separately.
Some of the statistics go back to the year 1883, and those referring to
the shell-fish have been extracted and tabulated from that year. From the
year 1889 statistics were published giving the quantity and value of the
most of the fishes landed on each coast separately, and the aggregate
quantity and value, and it is from this year that the tables appended,
which deal with the fish as distinguished from the shell-fish, begin. A few
years later, in 1892, a further improvement was made, inasmuch as the
quantity and value of the fish taken in the three great kinds of fishing—
line-fishing, trawling, and net-fishing—were separately recorded. From
that year, therefore, it has been possible to make a comparison as to the
development or retrogression of these various methods of fishing in relation
to Scotland as a whole and in relation to the different coasts.
The main lessons to be drawn from a study of the statistics are that,
on the whole, very satisfactory progress has been made in exploiting the
sea fisheries; that within the period a marked change has taken place as
to the relative positions of line-fishing and trawling with regard to the
supply of bottom or demersal fishes ; and that the great fishery for herrings
has, in late years especially, been very considerably developed. A gross
increase of 26 per cent. in the quantity of fishes landed in the second half
of the period covered by the statistics, compared with the first half, is very
satisfactory, and the value has increased in still greater ratio. The pro-
gress or development has, however, been much more marked on the East
Coast and the Orkney and Shetland group than on the West Coast, where,
indeed, although the value of the fish landed slightly increased, the
quantity diminished.
It has to be borne in mind that in the period covered by the statistics
great changes have taken place with respect to the fishing grounds visited.
- The quantities landed in different years by no means represent the yield of
the same grounds, since fishing vessels now visit distant quarters to obtain
their supplies of fish. Nor do the quantities in any particular year repre-
sent the same amount of fishing power expended. On both these points
special information in connection with the statistics is required, and is now
being obtained.
130 Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
THE QUANTITIES OF FisH LANDED.
Considering first the grand totals of the fish landed, of all kinds
and by all methods of fishing, the tables show that the aggregate quantity
in the twenty-one years, 1888-1908, amounted to 134,561,059 ewts., or an
average of 6,407,669 cwts. per annum over the whole period. The
greater part of this belongs, however, to the later years. Thus, if two
periods of ten years each are taken, the first including the years 1888-1897
and the second the years 1899-1908, it will be found that the aggregate
quantity of fish landed in the former amounted to 56,609,420 cwts., or an
average of 5,660,942 ewts. per annum, while in the latter -period the
quantity was 71,393,871 cwts., the average per annum being 7,139,387 ewts.,
indicating an increase of about 26 per cent. When the quantities for each
successive year are studied, as by means of graphic diagrams, the rise in
the aggregate is very obvious from the year 1899 onwards. In only one
of the fourteen years before 1902 was the general average for the twenty-
one years exceeded (in 1898); in all the later years that average was
exceeded. If the extreme years of the series, 1888 and 1908, are con-
trasted, the increase brought out amounts to about 87 per cent.
Up to the year 1892 particulars are not furnished as to the method of
fishing by which the fish were taken. But from that year on the fish
landed are summarised under the headings of line-caught fish, trawl-caught
fish, and net-caught fish. The two first-named groups comprise fish which
live upon or near the bottom of the sea, and are commonly designated
demersal fish; they include round fishes, as cod, haddocks, ling, ete., all
kinds of flat-fishes, and skates and rays. The net-caught fish comprise
those taken mostly by drift-nets, and include the herring—which is by far
the most important in these statistics—the mackerel, and the sprat, and
this group is usually called pelagic fishes. In the tables, sparlings
(Osmerus eperlanus) are included with the pelagic fishes, but the quantities
are so insignificant that they may be neglected in considering the totals
of the net-caught fish.
The quantity of demersal fish taken, whether by line or trawl, in the
seventeen years, 1892-1908, amounted to 36,442,218 cwts., or an average
of 2,143,660 ewts. per annum, and the total quantity formed a little over
32 per cent. of the whole of the fishes landed. In the first eight years of
the period, 1892-1899, the aggregate quantity of demersal fishes landed by
liners and trawlers was 15,252,579 cwts., the average per annum being
1,906,572 cwts.; in the last eight years, 1901-1908, the quantity was
19,355,141 cwts., the average per annum being 2,419,393 cwts., or an
increase amounting to about 27 per cent. Contrasting the extreme years
of the series, 1892 and 1908, the increase amounted to about 64 per cent.
Study of the figures for successive years shows that the quantity of
demersal fishes landed gradually rose from 1892 to 1896, when it was
2,143,947 cwts.; it then slowly fell, with but slight fluctuation, to 1900,
when it was 1,834,498 ewts.; since then it has gradually and steadily
risen to 1908, when it amounted to 2,900,811 cwts. In the first period,
1892-1899, the percentage of bottom fishes to the total fishes landed
amcunted to about 33 per cent. ; in the second period, 1901-1908, it was
about 32 per cent. Thus, while the quantity of those fishes taken by the
line and the trawl has increased absolutely and considerably, it has barely
maintained its position in relation to the other class, the pelagic fishes,
which means substantially the herring.
The tables show that, of the two methods of fishing by which the
demersal fishes are taken, the greater quantity was caught by the line up
to the year 1899, when the line and the trawl contributed about half of
the total. After that, however, the quantity taken by the trawl steadily
and continuously rose, while the quantity taken by line diminished, but
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 131
with some fluctuation. Since 1904 the quantity taken by line has
remained fairly steady, and the quantity in 1908 was the largest since the
year 1899; this has come about by the development of steam-lining. At
the beginning of the period, in 1892, the line contributed about 78 per
cent. of the demersal fishes landed and the trawl about 2% per cent. ; at
the end of the period, 1908, the positions were reversed, the trawl con-
tributing about 73 per cent. of the total and the line about 27 per cent.
In the first eight years, 1892-1899, the quantity of demersal fishes taken
by line was 10,551,384 ewts., the average per annum for the period being
1,318,923 ewts., while the total taken by trawl was 4,701,195 ewts., and
the average per annum was 575,149 cwts. In the years 1901-1908, on the
other hand, the total quantity taken by line amounted to 5,488,644 ewts.,
the average per annum being 686,080 ewts., whereas the quantity caught
by trawl was 13,866,497 cwts., and the average per annum 1,733,312 ewts.
Thus the contrast of these two periods shows that while the quantity of
fish taken by line decreased by 48 per cent., the quantity taken by trawl
increased by about 195 per cent. Comparing the first and the last single
years of the period, 1892 and 1908, the fish taken by line had diminished
by 598,895 ewts., or about 43 per cent., while the fish taken by trawl had
increased by 1,731,754 ewts., or about 456 per cent.
The pelagic fish, as described above, show even a greater ratio of
increase as landed than the bottom fishes do. In the seventeen years,
1892-1908, the aggregate quantity was 76,597,806 cwts., or an average
of 4,505,753 cwts. per annum, and they formed nearly 68 per cent.
of the whole of the fishes landed. Comparing again the first period
of eight years, 1892-1899, with the second period, 1901-1908,
the tables show that in the former the quantity landed amounted to
31,538,650 cwts., with an annual average of 3,942,331 ewts., while in the
latter the quantity was 41,524,389 cwts., the annual average being
5,190,549 cwts., showing an increase of about 31 per cent. In the first
eight years they formed about 67 per cent. of the total quantity of fishes
landed, and in the last period of eight years about 68 percent. The toll
taken from the surface-swimming fishes, while always greater absolutely,
has also been relatively larger in recent years than the toll taken from the
bottom-living fishes. A study of the figures for successive years shows
that the fluctuations in the case of the pelagic fishes, as was to be expected
from their habits and conditions of life, are greater absolutely and
relatively than in the case of the demersal fishes. Owing also to their
predominance in composing the total of the fishes landed, the fluctuations
in the latter are chiefly determined by the fluctuations of the pelagic
fishes. What was said above as to the aggregate of fishes applies also to
the net-caught fish.
It is necessary to consider also the figures referring to the fishes landed
on the various coasts. The fishery districts are grouped into three
divisions—(1) those on the East Coast, (2) those comprising Orkney and
Shetland, and (3) those included in the West Coast.
East Coust.
During the twenty years from 1889 to 1908 the gross quantity of fish of
all kinds landed on the East Coast of Scotland amounted to 85,494,243 ewts.,
or an average per annum for the whole period of 4,274,712 cwts. For the
first ten years, 1889-1898, the aggregate was 40,460,768 cwts., or an
average of 4,046,077 cwts. per annum; for the second ten years the
aggregate was 45,033,475 cwts., or an average of 4,503,347 cwts. The
increase in the last period was thus 11 per cent. Comparing the figures
for the first year, 1889, and the last year, 1908, the increase amounted to
30 percent. The lowest years were 1897, 1899, and 1890, with totals but
132 Part 117.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
little over 3,000,000 cwts.; the highest years were 1907 and 1908. The
curve formed by the figures for the successive years shows fluctuations up
and down during the first period, and a fairly steady and considerable rise
from 1900 onwards, ‘This rise was due in the greater part to the increase
in the pelagic fish (herring), but also not a little to the increase in the
trawled fish.
The aggregate quantity of line-caught fish landed in the seventeen years,
1892-1908, amounted to 11,080,088 cwts., an average per annum of
651,770 cwts. In the first eight years of that period, 1892-1899, the
quantity was 7,032,609 cwts., the average per annum being 879,076 cwts. ;
in the last eight years the aggregate was 3,599,003 cwts., the average per
annum being 449,875 cwts. The decrease thus amounted to nearly 49 per
cent. when the two periods are contrasted. The decrease when the figures
for 1892 are compared with those for 1908 amounted to barely 44 per
cent. A study of the figures for the various years shows that from 1893
to 1896 there was a steady and fairly uniform rise in the quantity of line-
caught fish landed, the quantity in the latter year being 1,097,736 ewts. ;
but from 1896 to 1902 there was a rapid decline, the quantity dropping to
405,030 cwts., while since then there has been a tendency for a moderate
rise in the quantity, with, however, a good deal of fluctuation.
The most noteworthy feature in the statistics of the East Coast fisheries
during the period under review was the development of steam trawling.
The increase in the quantity of trawl-caught fish has thus been very great.
In the seventeen years the total quantity of trawled fish landed on the
East Coast was 19,294,391 ewts., the average per annum being 1,134,964
ewts. But in the first eight years of the period the quantity amounted to
only 4,639,260 ewts., giving an annual average of 579,907 cwts., whereas
in the last eight years the quantity was 13,595,970 ewts., and the annual
average 1,699,496 cwts. The increase, comparing period with period, was
thus about 193 per cent. Comparing the figures for 1892 and 1908, the
increase amounted to 447 per cent., the respective quantities being
375,043 cwts. and 2,051,586 cwts. The increase in the trawl-caught fish
has been practically uniform and regular throughout the period. Starting
in 1892 considerably below the level of the line-caught fish, it began to
exceed it first in 1898. In 1892 the trawled fish represented 29 per cent.
of the total demersal fish landed on the East Coast, whereas in 1908 they
represented 80 per cent.
During the seventeen years the aggregate of the demersal fish landed
by, line and by trawl amounted to 30,374,479 cwts., an average per annum
of 1,786,734 cwts. In the first eight years, 1892-1899, the quantity was
11,671,869 cwts., and the annual average 1,458,984 cwts.; in the last
eight years, 1901-1908, the quantity was 17,194,973 cwts., and the
average per annum 2,149,372 cwts. The increase, comparing one period
with another, was thus about 47 per cent. In the year 1892 the aggregate
amounted to 1,288,248 cwts., while in 1908 the aggregate was 2,563,764
ewts., an increase of 99 per cent. If the quantities of demersal fish are ~
contrasted with the quantities of pelagic fish, the following results appear.
In the whole period the pelagic fish amounted to 59 per cent. and the
demersal fish to 41 per cent. of the whole. In the first period, 1892-1899,
the pelagic was 63°6 per cent., while the demersal was 36:4 per cent. of the
whole for that period. In the last eight years the pelagic was 55°8 per cent.
and the demersal 44:2 per cent. of the total. We thus see that on the
East Coast the demersal fish have increased in greater ratio than the pelagic.
The total quantity of the pelagic fish taken in the seventeen years
amounted to 43,634,580 ewts., or an annual average quantity of 2,566,740
ewts. In the first eight years the quantity was 20,401,620 ewts., the
annual average being 2,550,202 ewts. ; in the last eight years the quantity
aggregated 21,694,946 ewts., the average per annum being 2,711,868 ewts.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 138
The increase was thus small, amounting to about 6 per cent. when the two
periods are compared,
Orkney and Shetland.
The aggregate quantity of fish landed in these islands in the twenty years,
1889-1908, amounted to 24,634,278 ewts., or an annual average of 1,231,714
ewts. The quantity landed in the ten years, 1889-1898, was 7,259,991
ewts., the average per annum being 725,999; in the last ten years,
1899-1908, the quantity was 17,374,287 cwts., the annual average being
1,737,429 ecwts. There was thus an increase of 139 per cent. in the latter
period.
In the period 1892-1908, in which the methods of fishing are distin-
guished, the aggregate was 22,909,325 cwts., and the annual average
1,347,607 ewts. e
The total of the demersal fish landed in that period amounted to
2,778,496 cwts., the annual average being 163,441 ewts. Of this quantity
2,578,985 cwts. were taken by line, and 199,511 cwts. by trawl. In the
eight years 1892-1899 the quantity taken by line was 1,670,476 cwts., the
annual average being 208,809 cwts.; in the last eight years the quantity
was 776,217 cwts., or an average of 97,027 cwts. per annum. There thus
occurred a decrease of 53 per cent. in the line fish between the two periods.
The landings of trawled fish appear to have been irregular in the earlier
years, the first notification of them being in 1894. The total to 1908
amounted to 199,511 cwts. In the first eight years the quantity was
21,435 ewts., the yearly average being 2,679 cwts.; in the last eight years
of the period the quantity was 164,073 cwts., the average per annum being
20,509 ewts. There was therefore an increase of trawled fish to the extent
of 665 per cent. The proportion to the other classes of fish is, however,
inconsiderable.
The quantity of pelagic fish landed in the seventeen years arnounted to
20,130,839 ewts., the average per annum being 1,184,167 cwts. In the eight
years, 1892-1899, the quantity was 4,920,678 cwts., the average per annum
being 615,085 cwts. ; in the years 1901-1908 the ageregate was 14,054,054
ewts. and the average 1,756,757 cwts., an increase of 9,133,376 cwts., or
186 per cent. This is the outstanding feature of the fishery statistics for
the region, and it contrasts with the comparatively small increase on the
East Coast of Scotland. In the first period, 1892-1899, the proportion of
demersal to pelagic fish was 25°6 per cent., but in the second period it sank
to 6:3 per cent., the pelagic representing 93°7 per cent. of the fish landed.
West Coust.
In the twenty years the aggregate quantity of fish landed on the West
Coast amounted to 19,799,428 ewts., the average per annum for the period
being 989,971 cwts. In the first ten years the total was 10,813,319 ewts.,
the average per annum being 1,081,332 cwts. In the last ten years of the
period the total quantity was 8,986,109 cwts., the annual average being
898,611 cwts. There was thus in the second period, contrasting with the
condition on the East Coast, a considerable decline, amounting to 1,827,210
ewts., or nearly 17 per cent.
The quantity of bottom or demersal fish landed in the seventeen years
1892-1908, both by line and trawl, amounted to 3,292,664 cwts., giving an
annual average of 193,686 cwts. In the eight years 1892-1899 the total
of these fishes was 1,892,210 ewts., the average being 236,526 cwts. per
annum ; in the eight years 1901-1908 the total was 1,219,888 ewts., and
the average 152,486 cwts. There was thus a decrease in the latter period
of 672,322 ewts., or above 35 per cent., in the demersal fishes landed.
134. Part IT1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
The decrease was in the fish taken by line. ‘Lhe quantity of the line-
caught fish in the first period was 1,851,713 ecwts., the average being
231,464 cwts., whereas in the eight years 1901-1908 the quantity was
1,113,434 ewts., the average per annum being 139,179 ewts. There was
thus a decrease of about 40 per cent. in the quantity taken by line, which
is rather under the percentage decrease in the line-caught fish on the Hast
Coast in the same period. On the other hand, the trawl-caught fish,
though not of the same importance as on the East Coast, also increased in
quantity in the second portion on the West Coast. In the first period,
1892-1899, the total amounted to only 40,497 cwts., the annual average
being 5,062 cwts. In the years 1901-1908 the quantity was 106,454 ewts.,
and the average 13,307 cwts. There was thus an increase of 65,957 ewts.,
or about 163 per cent. But the proportion of the trawl-caught fish landed
on the West Coast is still much under that of the line fishing, thus con-
trasting with the condition on the East Coast, as shown above.
The class of pelagic fish, which means essentially herring, is the great one
on the West Coast, although here also one finds a decrease rather than an
increase over the period covered by these statistics. Inthe seventeen years
the aggregate quantity landed amounted to 12,828,971 cwts., the average
being 754,645 cwts. In the first period, 1892-1899, the quantity was
6,212,936 cwts., and the average per annum 776,617 cwts.; in the period
1901-1908 the total was 5,775,389 cwts., and the average 721,924 cwts.
There was thus a decrease of about 7 per cent. The decrease in this class
is, however, relatively less than that among the demersal fish, for in the
first period the proportion was 23-3 per cent. demersal fish and 76°7 pelagic,
whereas in the second period the proportion was 17:4 demersal and 82°6
pelagic.
The above description is limited to the great classes of fishing and the
totals of all kinds of fish landed. It is necessary now to refer to the
different fishes themselves and to see how they have varied during the
period covered by the statistics.
East Coast.
Pelagic Hish.—By far the greater part of tle group included under this
term consists of herring; in 1908, for example, they represented 99-1 per
cent, of the total, and in the ten years 1899-1908 they represented 99 per
cent., while sprats represented 0-9 per cent. and mackerel only 0:1 per cent.
The aggregate quantity of herrings landed on the East Coast in the twenty
years, 1889-1908, amounted to 50,629,474 cwts., giving an average per
annum for the period of 2,531,474 ewts. From a comparison of the two
ten-year periods it appears that rather less herrings have been taken in the
second period than in the first. In the years 1889-1898 the aggregate
quantity was 26,134,400 ecwts., the average per annum being 2,613,440
ewts.; in the period 1899-1908 the aggregate quantity was 24,495,074
ewts., and the annual average 2,449,507 ewts. The decrease thus amounted
to 6 per cent., comparing one period with another. It was in the main due
to poor years in 1899, 1900, and 1901, when the quantities were below
2,000,000 ewts. This is indicated in the grouping of the figures in quin-
quennial periods, as follows :—
Years. OCwts. Years. Cwts.
1889-1893.... 2,641,906 1899-1903.... 2,019,785
1894-1898.... 2,584,974 1904-1908.... 2,879,230
The highest year in the period was 1907, with 3,773,624 cwts.; the next
best was 1893, with 3,158,346 cwts.; the lowest was 1897, when the total
amounted to 1,503,693 cwts. The first year, 1899, and the last, 1908, were
. po
a
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 135
much the same, the former having 2,850,925 ewts. and the latter 2,881,419
ewts.
The sprat fishing is but of little importance except in one or two places.
The aggregate quantity of sprats landed in the twenty years was 402,066
ewts., the annual average being 20,103 ewts. In the ten years 1889-1898
the quantity was 180,223 ewts., the average per annum being 18,022 cwts. ;
in the ten years 1899-1908 the total quantity was 221,843 ewts., the annual
average being 22,184 ewts. There was thus an increase in the second
period of 23 per cent. The fluctuations in the case of this fish were
excessive, the quantities ranging from 4214 ewts. in 1889 and 5379 in 1891,
to 60,438 ewts. in 1903 and 58,315 ewts. in 18953.
It is stated above that among the pelagic fishes landed on the Kast Coast
of Scotland mackerel constitute only a small fraction per cent., a proportion
much below what the relative numbers of the fish in the sea would justify,
and below the proportion of other countries bordering the North Sea. The
aggregate quantity landed in the twenty years was only 34,544 cwts., giving
an average of 1727 cwts. per annum. In the first ten years the total was
only 4156 cwts., the annual average being trifling, viz., 416 cwts. In the
second period, 1899--1908, the total amounted to 30,388 cwts., with an
average per annum of 3039 cwts. There was thus a considerable increase,
namely, 631 per cent. It is, indeed, only in recent years that the fishery
has been developed, as is apparent from the fluctuations in the quantities
in different years. In 1889 only 33 cwts. were landed, whereas in 1905
the quantity was 6004 cwts. It has fallen a little since then, the amount
in 1908 being 4539 ewts. In quinquennial periods the following shows the
average per annum :—
Years. , Cwts. Years. Cwts.
TES oS OS. aes ee 130 1899-1903...... 1538
18941898...) 0. ae. 701 190421908 a ah 4540
The great bulk of the mackerel were taken by net, and chiefly the drift net,
but of late years a fair quantity have been captured by trawlers, viz., 1033
ewts. in 1906, 669 in 1907, and 387 in 1908.
Round Fish—From the year 1892 onwards a section of the statistics
deals with “round fish,” but owing to changes at various times in the classifi-
cation the figures are not comparable throughout. Thus in 1892 and up to
1904 this class was confined to cod, ling, tusk, saithe, haddock, whiting, and
conger eel; in 1904 and since, gurnard, catfish, angler, and hake were
included, these species having previously been placed among the “ unclassi-
fied” fish. In the table on p. 169 the totals are given, and also the
quantities which were caught by the three methods of fishing—line, trawl,
and net. From 1889 to 1903 inclusive, the totals may be taken as repre-
senting the round fishes landed, and in these fifteen years the aggregate
amounted to 19,378,464 cwts., the average per annum being 1,291,898
ewts. In the seven years 1899-1895 the quantity was 8,075,311 cwts.,
the average per unnum being 1,153,616 cwts. ; in the seven years 1897-1903
the quantity was 9,855,097 ewts., the annual average being 1,407,871 cwts.
The increase in the period thus amounted to about 22 per cent. The
increase was entirely due to the trawled fish. In the years 1892-1897 the
line-caught fish amounted to 5,186,069 cwts., and the annual average to
864,345 cwts.; in the next six years the total was 2,511,117 cwts. and
the annual average 418,519 cwts., showing a decrease of 52 per cent.
In the first period the quantity of trawl-caught fish was 2,281,429 cwts.,
the average per annum being 380,238 cwts.; in the second period the
quantity was 5,981,168 cwts. and the annual average 996,861 cwts., showing
an increase of about 162 per cent.
The total quantity of cod landed in the twenty years 1889-1908 amounted
136 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
to 8,384,556 cwts., or an average per annum of 419,233 ewts. In the first
ten years the quantity was 3,381,396 cwts., the annual average being
338,140 cwts. ; in the second ten years the quantity totalled 5,003,260 cwts.,
the average per annum being 500,326 ewts. The increase, comparing one
period with the other, thus amounted to about 48 per cent. Except during
the three years 1906-1908, all the cod are returned as having been taken
either by line or by trawl; in the three years referred to small quantities
are included under “nets,” that is, gill-nets. In the years 1892-1899 the
quantity taken by line was 2,057,712 cwts., the annual average being
257,214 cwts.; in the period 1901-1908 the quantity aggregated 1,211,557
ewts., with an average per annum of 151,445 ewts. There was thus an
aggregate decrease in the latter period of 846,155 cwts. of the cod taken by
line, or about 41 per cent. The quantity of cod taken by trawl in the
period 1892-1899 was 830,514 ewts., the average per annum being 103,814
ewts. ; in the period 1901-1908 the quantity was 3,021,285 ewts., with an
annual average of 377,661 ewts. There was thus an increase of the trawled
cod amounting for the period to 2,190,771 ewts., or about 264 per cent.
The increase in the quantity caught by trawl has thus been considerably
greater than the decrease in the quantity taken by line.
The aggregate quantity of ling taken in the twenty years amounted to
1,517,779 cwts., an annual average of 75,889 cwts. In the first ten years,
1889-1898, the aggregate quantity was 461,294 ewts., the annual average
being 46,129 cwts. ; in the ten years 1899-1908 the quantity was 1,056,485
cwts., the average per annum being 105,648 cwts. There was thus an
increase, comparing one period with another, of 595,191 ewts., or about 129
per cent. The quantity taken by line in the eight years 1892-1899
amounted to 353,175 ewts., the average per annum being 44,147 ecwts.;
in the eight years 1901-1908 the quantity was 437,777 cwts. and the
average 54,722 ewts. There was thus in the case of ling an actual increase
in the quantity taken by line to the amount of about 24 per cent. In 1908
the quantity was, indeed, more than double what it was in 1892, and it
was greater than the quantity taken by trawl in the same year. The
quantity of trawl-caught ling in the period 1892-1899 amounted to 64,470
ewts., the average per annum being 8059 cwts.; in the eight years
1901-1908 the quantity was 461,730 ewts., and the average 57,716 ewts.
The increase thus amounted to about 616 per cent. Further, in the period
1901-1908 the proportion of line-caught ling to the total was almost 49
per cent., whereas with the cod it was only 28 per cent.—about 51 per cent.
in the one case and about 72 per cent. in the other being taken by trawl.
Another fish of the deep water is the torsk or tusk, and the quantity
landed in the twenty years aggregated 95,211 cwts., the annual average
being 4761 cwts. In the first ten years the total was 19,811 ewts. and the
average 1981 cwts.; in the second ten years the quantity was 75,400 ewts.
and the average per annum 7540 ewts., an increase of almost 281 per cent.
All the fish are entered as taken by line until 1903; from 1903 till 1908
the total taken by trawl amounted to 10,217 cwts., with an average per
annum of 1703 ecwts.; in the same years the quantity taken by line
amounted to 43,199 cwts., with an average of 7200 ewts. The proportion
of tusk taken by line in these six years was thus about 81 per cent., 19 per
cent. being taken by trawl.
The aggregate quantity of the saithe or coalfish landed in the twenty
year's amounted to 1,013,576 ewts., the annual average for the period being
50,679 cwts. In the ten years 1889-1898 the quantity totalled 356,090
ewts., the average being 35,609 cwts.; in the ten years 1899-1908 the
quantity was 657,486 ewts. and the annual average 65,749 cwts. The
aggregate increase in the latter period was thus 301,396 cwts., or about 85
per cent. The quantity taken by line in the years 1892-1899 amounted to
256,639 cwts., with an average of 32,080 cwts. ; in the years 1901-1908 the
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 137
quantity was only 93,201 cwts. and the average per annum 11,650 ewts., a
decrease of about 64 per cent. The trawl-caught saithe totalled 30,397
ewts. in the period 1892-1899, with an annual average of 3800 ewts.;
whereas in the years 1901-1908 the aggregate was 484,897 cwts. and the
average per annum 60,612 cwts., or an increase of nearly 1500 per cent.
In the twenty years the aggregate quantity of haddocks landed on the
East Coast amounted to 16,685,128 cwts., the average per annum being
834,256 cwts. In-the ten years, 1889-1898, the quantity was 7,479,307
ewts., the average per annum being 747,931 cwts.; in the next ten years
the quantity was 9,205,821 cewts., the average being 920,582 cwts., and the
“Increase in the period 1,726,514 ewts., or 23 per cent. The quantity taken
by line in the eight years, 1892-1899, was 3,401,195 cwts., the average
being 425,149 ewts. ; in the years 1901-1908 the quantity was 991,442
ewts., and the average per annum 123,930 ewts., showing a decrease of 71
per cent. The trawl-caught haddocks in the first period totalled
2,738,326 cwts., the average being 342,291 cwts.; in the second period the
quantity was 6,750,723 cwts., and the average 843,840 cwts., showing an
increase of 147 per cent. In the first period the proportion of line-caught
haddocks was about 55 per cent. and trawl-caught 45 per cent. of the
total. In the second period the proportion of the former was under 14
per cent. and of the latter over 76 per cent., which shows how much the
trawled haddocks have replaced those taken by line.
The total quantity of whiting taken in the twenty years amounted to
1,652,759 cwts., the average per annum being 82,638 cwts. In the first
ten years of that period the aggregate was 426,462 cwts., the average
being 42,646 cwts.; in the last ten years the total amounted to 1,226,297
ewts., and the annual average was 122,630 ewts., showing an increase of
about 188 per cent. In the years 1892-1899 the quantity taken by line
was 195,142 ewts., with an average of 24,393 ewts.; in the years 1901—
1908 the quantity was 142,069 cwts., the average being 17,759 cwts., showing
a decrease of about 27 per cent. The trawled whitings in the first period
totalled 84,824 cwts., the average per annum being 10,603 cwts.; in the
second period the total was 970,922 ewts. and the average 121,365 ewts.,
showing an increase of 1045 per cent. In the first period the line-caught
whiting formed about 70 per cent. of the total, and in the second period
about 13 per cent. only.
The only other fish classified among the round fishes throughout the
tables is the conger eel, of which in the twenty years 60,886 cwts. were
landed, the average per annum being 3044 ewts. In the first ten years the
quantity was 29,756 cwts., and the average 2976 cwts.; in the second
period the quantity was 31,130 ewts., the average being 3113 ecwts.,,
showing an increase of about 5 per cent. The quantity taken by line in
the years 1892-1899 was 24,722 ewts., and the average 3090 ewts.; in the
second period the quantity was 20,589 ewts. and the average 2574 ewts., a
decrease of about 17 per cent. In the first period the quantity of trawled
conger was 667 ewts., with an average of 83 cwts.; in the second period
the quantity was 2835 cwts., the average being 354 ewts., an increase of
325 per cent. The proportion of conger taken by line in the years 1901-
1908 was about 88 per cent., 12 per cent. being caught by trawl.
Among other round fishes included in the tables are gurnard, catfish,
angler or monk, and hake, but the statistics referring to them go back
only to 1904 (see p. 157). So far as the five years show, gurnards have
rather diminished in quantity, hake have considerably diminished, while
catfish have remained steady, and anglers much increased.
Among the important group of the flat-fishes, it is not possible to give
details as to the total flat-fishes over the period, for reasons stated below.
The quantity of turbot landed in the twenty years was 103,593 ewts.,
the average per annum being 5180 cwts, In the first ten years the
138 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
quantity was 43,011 ewts., and in the last 60,582 cwts., the respective
averages being 4301 cwts. and 6058 cwts. per annum. There was thus an
increase of about 41 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the first
period, 1892-1899, was 1102 ewts., the average being 138 ewts. per annum ;
in the years 1901-1908 the quantity was only 196 cwts. and the average
24 ewts., a decrease of about 82 per cent. The quantity of trawled turbot
landed in the two periods was 33,226 cwts. and 49,228 cwts., the averages
being 4153 cwts. and 6153 ewts., the increase amounting to about 48 per
cent, Thus about 99 per cent. of the turbot were landed by trawlers.
The aggregate quantity of halibut landed in the twenty years was
485,125 ewts., showing an annual average of 24,256 cwts. The increase
in the ten years, 1899-1908, over the previous ten years amounted to
145,261 cwts., or about 85 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the
years 1892-1899 was 153,064 cwts., the average being 19,133 ewts. ; in the
period 1901-1908 the quantity was 198,657 cwts. and the average per annum
24,832 cwts., an increase of 45,593 ecwts., or nearly 30 per cent. The
quantities taken by trawl in the two periods were 8539 cwts., with an
average of 1067 cwts., and 77,417 cwts., with an average of 9677 cwts.,
an increase of about 807 per cent. The figures show that in the period
1901-1908 about 72 per cent. of the halibut landed were caught by line.
The quantity of lemon soles landed in the twenty years aggregated
448,317 cwts., or an average of 22,416 cwts. per annum. In the first ten
years the quantity was 173,481 cwts., and the average 17,348 ewts.; in
the second period the quantity was 274,836 cwts., the average per annum
being 27,484 cwts., an increase of about 58 per cent. The quantity taken
by line in the years 1892-1899 was only 703 cwts., the average being
88 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 1109 ecwts., and the
average 139 ewts. There was thus an increase of about 58 per cent. The
trawled lemon soles in the first period amounted to 148,695 ewts., with an
average of 18,587 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 229,905
cwts. and the average 28,738 cwts., showing an increase of 55 per cent.
About 99 per cent. of the total in the last period were taken by trawl.
The other flat-fishes included in the tables are “ flounders, plaice, and
brill,” which were not separately distinguished until 1904, and comparison
cannot be made as to the quantities of any of these fishes before the year
named, In the five years, 1904-1908, the quantity of plaice landed
diminished considerably and almost steadily from 62,565 ewts. in 1904 to
44,596 ewts. in 1908. The quantity of brill also decreased from 1408 ewts.
to 701 cwts. Dabs increased from 6290 ewts. to 10,274 cwts. Witehes
decreased from 23,891 cwts. to 19,679 cwts., and megrims increased from
10,331 ewts. to 12,311 ewts. ,
The quantity of skates and rays, of which several species are tabulated
together, landed in the period 1889-1908 amounted to 1,064,302 cwts., the
average per annum being 53,215 cwts. In the first ten years the quantity
was 379,146 cwts. and the average 37,915 cwts.; in the second ten years
the quantity was 685,156 cwts. and the average 68,516 cwts., showing an
increase of about 81 per cent. In the eight years, 1892-1899, the
quantity taken by line was 273,035 ewts., the average being 34,129 ewts. ;
in the years 1901-1908 the total amounted to 294,505 ewts., and the
average was 36,813 cwts. There was thus an increase in the line-caught
fish to the extent of about 8 per cent. The quantity taken by trawl in the
first of the two periods was 63,427 cwts., the average being 7928 ewts. ; in
the second period the quantity was 283,602 cwts. and the average 35,450
ewts., showing an increase of 347 per cent. While the proportion of the
skates and rays in the first period which were taken by trawl amounted to
barely 19 per cent., in the second period it was about 49 per cent,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 139
Orkney and Shetland.
Pelagic Fish.—The fish of this group consist almost entirely of the
herring, no sprats being included in the returns, and very few mackerel.
The aggregate quantity of herrings landed in the twenty years, 1889—
1908, amounted to 21,009,969 cwts., the average per annum being
1,050,498 ewts. In the first ten years the quantity was 4,872,313 ewts.
and the average 487,231 cwts.; in the last ten years the quantity was
16,137,656 cwts. and the average 1,613,766 cwts. There was thus the
very large increase of 11,265,343 ewts., or about 231 per cent. The
increase in the quantity was fairly steady throughout the period; the
highest amounts landed were in 1905—2,409,862 cwts—and 1904—
2,045,613 cwts.—and the lowest in 1892, when the total amounted to
163,075 cwts., and 1889, when it was 189,591 cwts. The quantities
arranged in quinquennial periods are as follows :—
Years. Cwts. Years. Cwts.
LSS9=0893 v2 99% 276,935 1899219035 .44- 1,234,321
1894-1898...... 697,528 1904-1908...... 1,993,210
The total quantity of mackerel taken in the twenty years was 2924 ewts.,
with an average per annum of 146 cwts. The progress of this fishery is
indicated by the figures of quantities in the quinquennial periods; viz., 40,
97, 186, and 261 ecwts.
Round Fishes.—The quantity of cod taken in the twenty years amounted
1,692,770 cwts., with an average per annum of 84,638 cwts. In the first
years the aggregate was 1,084,192 cwts., the average being 108,419 cwts. ;
in the second ten years the quantity was 608,578 cwts. and the average
60,858 cwts. There was thus a decrease of about 44 per cent., and it was
entirely in connection with line fishing. The quantity taken by line in
the years 1892-1899 was 719,777 cwts., the average per annum being
89,972 cwts., whereas in the years 1901-1908 the quantity was 341,839
ewts., the average being 42,730 cwts., and the decrease about 53 per cent.
The quantity taken by trawl in the first period was 21,045 ewts., the
average being 2631 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 160,705
ewts. and the average 20,088 cwts. The increase of the trawled cod
landed thus amounted to about 663 per cent. About 68 per cent. of the
total cod landed in the years 1901-1908 was, however, caught by line.
The quantity of ling landed in the twenty years was 541,792 ewts., the
average per annum being 27,085 cwts. In the period 1889-1898 the
quantity was 424,566 cwts., the average being 42,457 cwts.; in the second
period, 1899-1908, the total was 117,136 cwts., the annual average being
11,714 cwts. There was thus a decrease of 307,430 cwts. in the second
period, or about 72 per cent. With the exception of 1541 ewts. landed by
trawlers between 1900 and 1908, all the ling were taken by line.
The aggregate of the tusk landed in the twenty years was 90,976 cwts.,
the average being 4549 cwts. In the first ten years the quantity was
59,706 cwts. and the average 5971 cwts.; in the last ten years the
quantity was 31,270 ewts. and the average 3127 cwts., showing a decrease
of about 48 per cent. All the tusk were caught by line, except 15 ewts.
in 1906 and 1908.
The total of the saithe in the twenty years was 474,830 cwts., with an
average of 23,741 cwts. Contrasting the first ten years and the last ten,
there was a decrease in the latter period of 173,536 cwts., or over 53 per
cent. The great bulk of the saithe was taken by line, but in 1900 and
1901, and 1905-1908, some hundreds of cwts. were landed by trawlers.
The decrease in the line-caught saithe, contrasting the two periods 1892—
1899 and 1901-1808, amounted to 150,000 ewts., or nearly 60 per cent,
140 Part [1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
The proportion taken by trawl was, however, small, amounting to about
2 per cent. in the latter of the two periods. ;
The decrease in the haddocks has been much less marked. Over the
whole twenty years the aggregate quantity landed was 580,687 cwts., the
average per annum being 29,034 ewts. In the ten years, 1889-1898, the
total was 316,559 cwts. and the average 31,656 cwts.; in the last ten
years the quantity was 264,128 cwts., the average being 26,413 cwts.,
showing a decrease of about 16°5 per cent. Very few trawled haddocks
were landed throughout the period, the total amounting to about 1200 ewts.
Contrasting the eight years, 1892-1899 and 1901-1908, the decrease of the
line-caught haddocks amounted to 52,090 cwts., or about 20 per cent.
The whitings landed were comparatively trifling, totalling for the
twenty years 6373 cwts., with an average per annum of 319 cwts. They
were all taken by line, with the exception of 2 cwts., and comparison of
the periods shows that, contrary to the usual rule, the quantity has
increased, The increase in the last ten years amounted to 4995 ewts., or
725 per cent.; the largest quantity landed in any one year was in 1908,
viz., 1354 ewts.
Contrasting with the whiting is the diminution in the quantity of
conger eels landed. The aggregate amounted to 904 cwts., the annual
average being 45 ewts. In the first period the quantity was 826 cwts.; in
the last it was only 78 cwts., and none at all were landed in 1907
and 1908.
Among the flat-fishes, the quantity of turbot landed in the twenty years
was only 162 cwts.; in some years none were taken. The decrease in the
last ten years was about 60 per cent.
The quantity of halibut taken was much greater, aggregating 81,569
ewts., or an average of 4078 cwts. per annum. With the exception of
20 ewts., they were all caught by line, and a comparison of the two periods
shows a decrease in the latter amounting to 51,187 cwts., or about 77 per
cent.
The skates and rays also show a diminution. The aggregate quantity
taken in the twenty years amounted to 52,942 cwts., the average per
annum being 2647 ewts. Except for 15 cwts., they were all caught by line,
and the decrease in the last period of ten years compared with the first
amounted to almost 21,000 cwts., or 57 per cent.
West Coast.
Pelagic Fish—As on the Kast Coast, the pelagic fishes landed consist
almost entirely of herring. Over the whole of the twenty years the per-
centage of herrings works out at 99 per cent. and mackerel at 0-9 per cent. ;
but in the last ten years of the period the percentage of herrings was 98:2,
while mackerel was 1:7 per cent., showing, as referred to below, an
increase in the fishing for mackerel. The quantity of sprats returned as
landed on the West Coast is quite insignificant.
The aggregate quantity of herrings landed in the twenty years amounted
to 15,577,868 cwts., the average per annum being 778,893 cwts. ; in the
first ten years the quantity was 8,352,760 cwts., the average being
835,276 cwts., whereas in the last ten years of the period the quantity was
7,225,108 cwts. and the average per annum 722,511 cwts. There was thus
a decrease of 1,127,652 cwts., or about 13°5 per cent., comparing the two
periods of ten years. The highest figure in any one year was in 1891,
when the total of the herrings landed amounted to 1,252,202 ewts.; the
lowest year was 1906, when the total was 554,246 cwts,
The aggregate of the mackerel landed in the twenty years was 152,652
ewts., the average per annum being 7633 cwts. The quantity taken in
the ten years, 1889-1898, was 23,378 cwts., the average per annum being
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 141
2338 ewts.; in the ten years, 1899-1908, the total was 129,274 cwis., the
annual average being 12,927 cwts., showing therefore the great increase of
105,896 ewts., or about 453 per cent. It is really during the last five
years of the period, viz., 1904-1908, that mackerel have been taken in
anything like large quantities, and the highest figure was in 1907, when
the quantity landed amounted to 29,810 ewts.
The total quantity of sprats returned for the twenty years was 785 cwts.,
and in most years none were taken.
Round Fish.—The total quantity of cod landed in the twenty years
amounted to 874,058 cwts., the average per annum being 43,703 cwts.
In the first ten years the quantity amounted to 523,597 ewts., the annual
average being 52,360 cwts. ; in the last ten years of the period the quantity
was 350,461 cwts. and the average 35,046 cwts. The decrease thus
amounted to 173,136 cwts., or 33 per cent. This decrease was due
entirely to the decline in the line-caught fish. In the eight-years, 1892-
1899, the quantity taken by line was 406,895 cwts., the average per annum
being 50,862 cwts.; in the eight years, 1901-1908, the quantity was
229,213 cwts., the average per annum being 28,652 cwts., a decrease of
nearly 44 per cent. The quantity of trawled cod was small. In the first
eight years it totalled 981 cwts., the average being 123 cwts,, and in the
last eight years the quantity was 7784 cwts. and the average 973 cwts., an
increase of 6803 cwts. and 693 per cent. The proportion of the trawled
cod to those taken by line was, however, small, amounting in the latter
period to only about 3 per cent. of the total, less, indeed, than the quantity
taken by “net”—gill-nets being used largely in certain localities—the
percentage of which was 9, while the proportion taken by line amounted to
about 88 per cent.
_ The aggregate of ling was greater than that of cod, amounting in the
twenty years to 941,205 cwts., or an average of 47,060 cwts. per annum.
The decrease in the ten years, 1899-1908, when compared with the first
tén years, was, however, greater, namely, nearly 62 per cent. In the
former period the quantity was 680,059 cwts., the average being 68,006
ewts.; in the latter the quantity was 261,146 cwts. and the average
26,115 ewts.
Tusk, on the other hand, showed an increase. The total quantity landed
in the twenty years was 29,374 cwts., giving an average per annum of
1469 cwts. In the first half of the period the quantity was 12,125 ewts.,
with an average of 1212 cwts.; in the second half the total was 17,249
ewts., the average being 1725 cwts., an increase of about 42 per cent. All
the tusk were taken by line, except 148 cwts. in 1907, which were caught
by trawl.
The quantity of saithe taken in the twenty years amounted to 558,085
ewts., the average being 27,904 cwts. per annum. In the first period the
quantity was 314,158 cwts. and the average 31,416 cwts.; in the second
period the quantity was 243,927 cwts. and the average 24,393 ewts.
There was thus a decrease of 70,231 ewts., or about 22 per cent. A com-
paratively small amount of the saithe are returned as taken by trawl,
and only in certain years. But considerable quantities appear in recent
years to have been caught by gill-nets, the amount so taken in 1908
having been 7865 ecwts., or nearly 26 per cent. of the whole.
On the West Coast haddocks have not the importance they have on the
East. The quantity taken in the twenty years amounted to 493,942 cwts.,
with an average of 24,697 cwts.—thus less than ling, cod, or saithe. The
aggregate for the first period of ten years was 302,677 cwts., with an
annual average of 30,268 ewts.; for the second period the total amounted
to 191,265 ewts., the average per annum being 19,126 cwts. In the latter
period of ten years there was therefore a decrease of 111,412 ecwts., or
about 37 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the eight years, 1892-
K
142 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
1899, amounted to 213,085 ewts., with an average of 26,636 cwts., while
in the period 1901-1908 the amount was 146,490 cwts., the average being
18,311 cwts., and the decrease about 31 per cent. With one or two
exceptions, the quantity of haddocks landed by trawlers in any one year
was small. In the eight years, 1892-1899, it amounted to 1571 ewts., the
average being 196 cwts.; in the later eight years the quantity was 20,947
ewts. and the average 2618 cwts. The increase was thus 19,376 ewts., or
about 1233 per cent. The proportion in the latter period was—line 87-4
per cent., trawl 12°5 per cent., but in the years 1907 and 1908 this pro-
portion was very much higher.
The aggregate of whiting landed on the West Coast in the twenty years
was 152,183 cwts., an average of 7609 cwts. In the first ten years the
quantity was 75,838 cwts., the average being 7584 cwts.; in the last ten
years the amount was 76,345 cwts. and the average 7634 cwts. There was
thus a slight increase in the quantity of whiting, something under 1 per
cent. Almost all were taken by lines, but the greater quantity taken by
trawl in the second period compared with the first period was more than
sufficient to account for the increase mentioned in the total.
The quantity of conger eel landed in the twenty years was 243,353 ewts.,
an average of 12,168 cwts. per annum. The quantity in the first ten years
amounted to 113,097 ewts., the average being 11,310 cwts.; in the second
period the quantity was 130,256 cwts. and the average 13,026 ewts. There
was thus, as with tusk and whiting,.an increase, which amounted to 17,159
ewts., or about 15 per cent. With the exception of 722 cwts. landed by
trawlers throughout the twenty years—and chiefly in the last four—all the
conger were taken by line, except 96 ewts. by “net” in 1906-1907.
Among the other round fishes included in the tables are gurnards, catfish,
anglers, and hake, but the quantities, as will be seen from the detailed
tables, are small, and refer only to the last few years.
Among the flat fishes the aggregate of turbot landed was 9617 ewts., or
an average of 481 cwts. The decrease in the last ten years, compared with
the first, amounted to about 35 per cent. The average in the first period
was 581 cwts. per annum and in the second 381 cwts.
The total for halibut was 48,002 cwts., or an average of 2400 ewts.
Here also there was a decrease of about 34 per cent in the latter ten years
of the period. In the first ten years the annual average was 2894 cwts.,
and in the last ten years 1906 cwts. As with the turbot, the quantity
landed by trawlers was comparatively small and irregular.
The aggregate quantity of lemon soles was small, namely 3440 cwts., or
an annual average of only 172 ewts. In the last ten years, 1899-1908,
there was a decrease of 73 per cent. The decrease in the line-caught fish
was 50 per cent., and in those taken by trawl 5 per cent. The percentage
proportions in the last ten years were—line, 68°6 per cent.; trawl, 291
per cent. ; net, 2°3 per cent.
As on the East Coast, the other species of flat fishes were only separately
distinguished in 1904 and since.
The total quantity of skates and rays amounted to 348,831 ewts., the
annual average being 17,442 cwts. In the first ten years the quantity was
156,792 cwts., the average being 15,679 cwts.; in the second period the
quantity was 192,030 cwts. and the average 19,204 ewts., showing an
increase of about 22°5 per cent. Most of the increase was due to the larger
landings by trawlers in the second period, but the proportion landed by
trawl over the last eight years amounted to only 2:3 per cent.
THE VALUES OF THE FisH LANDED.
Appended to this report will be found tables showing the values of the
fish of the different kinds landed in the years 1889-1908, and also the
values of those taken by the chief methods of fishing.
ee
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. - 148
Beginning as before with the figures for the whole of Scotland, it is found
that the aggregate value of the fish landed in the years 1888-1908 amounted
to £42,993,646, or an average per annum for the twenty-one years of
£2,047,316. For the year 1888 only the total for the whole of Scotland is
given, but, taking the period 1889-1908, it is possible to differentiate the
values of the fish pertaining to the different coasts. The aggregate value
of the fish landed on the East Coast in the period 1899-1908 amounted to
£17,720,785, the average per annum being £1,772,078. In the years
1889-1898 the total was £12,212,851, and the average £1,221,285. There
was thus an increase in the last ten years of £5,507,934, or about 45 per
cent.
In the period 1889-1898 the aggregate value of the fish landed in the
Orkney and Shetland Isles was £1,408,347, the average per annum being
£140,835. In the years 1899-1908 the aggregate was £4,528,444 and the
average £452,844, showing an increase of £3,120,097 or about 221 per cent.
The aggregate value of the fish landed on the West Coast in the first
period was £2,848,503, the annual average being £284,850. In the second
period the value amounted to £2,941,956 and the average was £294,196.
The increase on the West Coast was thus small, amounting to about 3 per
cent, when the two periods are compared.
Turning now to the proportions represented by the different methods of
fishing, the aggregate value of the fish taken by line in the sixteen years,
1892-1899 and 1901-1908, was for the whole coast £6,990,107, giving an
annual average of £436,882. In the first period, 1892-1899, the aggregate
was £4,251,250, the average being £531,406 per annum. In the second
period, 1901-1908, the aggregate was £2,738,857 and the average £342,357.
There was therefore a decrease amounting on the whole to £1,512,393, or
about 35 per cent.
On the other hand, the increase in the value of trawled fish was very
great. In the period 1892-1899 the aggregate was £2,791,393, the annual
average being £348,924. In the second period, 1901-1908, the aggregate
value of the trawled fish landed amounted to £7,183,748, the average per
annum being £897,968. The increase thus amounted to £4,392,355, or
about 157 per cent.
The aggregate value of the net-caught fish, comprising for the most part
herring, was, in the first period, £6,776,976, giving an average of £847,122.
In the second period the value amounted to £10,752,653, the average being
£1,344,082. The increase in this class between the two periods was there-
fore £3,975,677, or about 59 per cent.
On the East Coast the decrease in the value of the fish caught by line,
comparing the two periods, 1892-1899 and 1901-1908, amounted to 38 per
cent. On the other hand, the inerease in the value of fish taken by trawl
amounted to 157 per cent. There was also a large increase, amounting to
27 per cent., in the fish taken by “net,” that is, chiefly herrings.
In Orkney and Shetland the decrease in the value of the line-caught fish
in the same periods was about 29 per cent.; the increase in the trawled fish
—not of great importance—amounted to 688 per cent.; while the increase
in the “net” fish was 222 per cent., and represented the increase in the
value of the herrings.
On the West Coast in the same periods the decrease in the vaiue of the
line-caught fish amounted to 25 per cent., the increase of the trawled fish
to 70 per cent., and the increase of the value of the “ net ”-caught fish to 15
per cent.
It is not necessary to go into the details as to the values of the various
fishes landed, the information regarding which will be found in the appended
tables, but the following summary may be given showing the average value
per annum in each of the two periods for the different coasts in the case of
the more important fishes, The following shows the average value for the
144 Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
pelagic fishes, herring, sprat, mackerel, and with these are included the
other ‘‘net”-caught fish, the smelt or sparling :—
East Coast. ORKNEY AND SHETLAND.
1889-1898.| 1899-1908] 1889-1898.| 1899-1908.
£ £ £ £
Herring... Le 516,141 666,129 89,435 413,264
Sprat a or rile) 3,857 ; i
Mackerel .. oe 268 1,542 10 A5
Sparling .. 2 978 747 :
Totaly. is 519,101 672,276 89,445 413,310
West Coast. ALL ScorLanD.
1889-1898.| 1899-1908] 1889-1898. 1899-1908.
£ ey £5 Eg
Herring... ne 199,767 223,664 765,143 {1,303,057
Sprat He §r ih 6 sharpie 3,863
Mackerel .. lee 1,328 4,083 1,403 5,670
Sparling .. ra 141 201 1,084 949
Total .. aa 201,237 227,954 769,387 {1,313,540
From the above table it will be found that the vaiue of the herrings
landed has considerably increased—for all Scotland to the extent of 70 per
cent., for the East Coast to the extent of 29 per cent., for the West Coast
to the extent of 12 per cent., and for Orkney and Shetland by no less than
362 per cent. Although the proportion of mackerel, and therefore its
relative importance at present, is much less, the percentage increase of the
value has been greater than with the herring, namely, 304 per cent. for all
coasts, 486 for the East Coast, 350 for Orkney and Shetland, and over 207
for the West Coast. The increase in the value of sprats was about 120 per
cent. for all coasts. ;
In a similar way the particulars regarding the values of the other fishes
may be set forth, and in the following table are given the average values
of the different fishes landed in the various periods for each coast and for
all Scotland, the values of those fish taken by line and by trawl being
distinguished from one another :—
of the Fishery Board for Scotland 145
Hast Coast.
Line. Trawl. Total.
1892-1899/1901-1908/1892-1899]1901-1908|/1889-1898]1899-1908
£ £ £ £ £ £
Cod As ... | 106,895 74,152 | 40,169 | 164,505 | 135,214 | 228,501
a.) ws): ¥e 15,885 18,135 2,808 15,862 17,473 | 32,701
Saithe ... we 4,201 DSL 586 11,079 4,784 | 11,917
Haddock ... | 215,609 | 78,833 | 178,374 | 416,688 | 370,761 | 490,867
Whiting ae 11,393 8,940 4,871 | 38,094 | 17,575 | 42,849
Conger Kel ee 1,957 1,382 43 159 1,883 1,689
Turbot ... Se 331 66 13,424 | 21,691 14,534 | 21,020
Halibut... Ae 26,819 | 43,425 1,515 16,724 | 23,317 54,913
Lemon Soles ... 155 221 35,600 | 57,168 31,597 54,837
Skates and Rays | 10,260 11,227 1,705 8,369 10,513 18,960
ORKNEY AND SHETLAND.
Line. Trawl. Total.
1892-1899|1901-1908]/1892-1899/1901-1908/1889-1898)1899-1908
£ £ £ 38 £ ae
Cod sae aan 20,795 | 15,397 920 7,245 | 25,150 | 21,155
Beas, 1J:; a ae eas Be Bae 9,692 3,344
Tusks Ac) ae at ae tee Ab. 854 505
Saithe ... me ak +A ae Hee 2,638 1,506
Haddock i a re yee ose 8,472 | 10,946
Whiting sas a 92 “~ oe 16 190
Conger Kel _..... ie o oa bs 31 3
sun botis a. Bee ae as we ane 9 9
Halibut Bee bom sie a “As: 3,409 1,182
Skates and Rays ues ae ee ate 523 260
West Coast.
Line. Trawl. ‘Total.
1892-1899]1901-1908]1892-1899]1901-1908]1889-1898/1899-1908
g £ £ £ Ss £
Cod Boe ois 17,293 | 12,884 68 368 | 17,858 | 14,627
Wine) s.. ahs aa im ae Vee 20,225 9,268
Duaskas 39. Hee oa ace as ee 2538 419
Saithe ... ae so xe Bee aN 4,480 4,296
Haddock hs 12,285 9,728 150 966 | 13,116 | 10,001
Whiting hs a! 5: ack ie 5,207 5,741
Conger Eel ___... bdo hed ie ae 5,638 5,854
Turbot ... edi Bay ae hey eRe 686 489
Halibut a ae oy ee a 1,698 | 1,775
Lemon Soles ... mist oa as Aoi 432 174
Skates and Rays 3,030 4,398 19 138 2,611 4,462
a gs es a
146 Part I1I—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
Attu Coasts.
Line. Trawl. Total.
1892-1899]1901-1908)1892-1899/1901-1908)1889-1898)1899-1908
Eo £ 38 By ay a
Cod... ... | 144,984 | 102,433 | 41,157 | 172,118 | 177,139 | 264,282
Ling ... ...| 42,970] 28,408] 2,813] 15,995 | 48,774 | 45,314
Push > 0 iM P53 an act aie 1,643 2,873
Saithe ... abe 10,822 7,004 599 | 11,305 | 12,645 | 17,779
Haddock .. | 237,033 | 99,460 | 178,540 | 417,671 | 382,931 | 511,814
Whiting ... | 16,964 | 14,481 | 4,887 | 38,171 | 23,241] 48,781
Conger Eel ...| 7,607 | 7,267 91 179| 7.105| 7,546
Turbot ... ... 971 354 | 13,447 | 21,775 | 15,170 | 21,519
Halibut... ae 31,382 | 46,281 1,516 16,801 | 27,090 | 57,870
' Lemon Soles ... 324 360 | 35,642 | 57,207 | 29,986 | 55,013
Skates and Rays | 13,67 15,860 1,725 8,507 | 12,819 | 23,682
|
c
It will be found that, taking all the coasts together. decreases occurred
in the average values of all the fishes taken by line, with the exception of
halibut, lemon soles, skates and rays. The decrease in the value of line-
caught haddock amounted to 58 per cent., of line-caught cod to 29 per
cent., of turbot to 64 per cent., of ling to 34 per cent., of saithe to 32 per
cent., and of whiting to nearly 15 per cent. On the other hand, the
increase in the value of line-caught halibut amounted to over 47 per cent.,
while the increase in skates and rays was 16.per cent., and in lemon soles
11 per cent.
There were great increases in the value of the trawl-caught fishes,
amounting, for all coasts together, to 1787 per cent. for saithe, 1008 per
cent. for halibut, 318 per cent. for cod, 468 per cent. for ling, 681 per cent.
for whiting, 134 per cent. for haddock, 60 per cent. for lemon soles, 54 per
cent. for turbot, and 393 per cent. for skates and rays. Since the increase
in the values of the trawled fish more than counterbalanced the decrease in
the value of the fish taken by line, with the single exception of ling—where
there was a decrease altogether of 7 per cent.—the increase in the total
value was noteworthy. It varied from 114 per cent. for halibut, 110 per
cent. for whiting, and 85 per cent. for skates and rays, to 41 per cent. for
saithe, 42 per cent. for turbot, and 34 per cent. for haddock.
On the East Coast the average values of the line-caught fish showed
diminution in all cases except for ling, halibut, lemon soles, skates and rays.
The decrease in the value of cod amounted to 31 per cent., of saithe to 45
per cent., haddocks 63 per cent, whiting 21 per cent., turbot 80 per cent.
The increased value of ling was 14 per cent., of halibut 62 per cent., of
lemon soles 43 per cent., of skates and rays 9 per cent.
The values of the trawled fish showed increases in all items, ranging
from 1790 per cent. for saithe, 1004 per cent. for halibut, 309 for cod, to
134 for haddocks, and 62 for turbot. And there were increased per-
centages in the value of all the fishes landed, trawled and line-caught
combined.
The particulars for the West Coast do not allow the same detailed com-
parison to be made, since the entries of trawled fish are only for certain
years, but for the totals, however caught, the following showed increases :—
Whiting 10 per cent., tusk 66 per cent., conger eel 4 per cent., halibut 4°5
per cent., skates and rays 71 per cent. And decreases occurred in the
average values of the following fishes :—Cod 18 per cent., ling 54 per cent.,
saithe 4 per cent., haddocks 24 per cent., turbot 29 per cent., lemon soles
60 per cent.
.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 147
In cases where comparison can be made, it appears that the value of the
trawled fish landed on the West Coast increased, but it is evident that such
increase was not sufficient to counterbalance the loss from the line-caught
fish, as was the case on the Hast Coast.
In Orkney and Shetland the fishes showing increased values in the
periods were :—Ling hy 65 per cent., haddocks 29 per cent., whiting 1087
per cent. On the other hand, the following fishes showed decreases in
average value :—Cod by 16 per cent., tusk 41 per cent., saithe 43 per cent.,
conger eel 90 per cent., halibut 65 per cent., skates and rays 50 per cent.
As onthe West Coast, the decreases were in the line fishing, and they were
not made up by the increase in the value of trawled fish landed, as on the
Hast Coast.
SHELL-FISH.
Tables have also been prepared and will be found appended dealing with
the statistics of the shell-fish landed in Scotland trom the year 1883
onwards to 1908. Below each of the shell-fish which is distinguished in
the statistics is separately dealt with in regard to quantity and in regard
to value. Since the quantities are expressed in different terms, sometimes
in terms of weight, as for mussels and clams, and sometimes in terms of
number, as for oysters, lobsters, and crabs, a statement cannot be
given dealing with the quantities as a whole. The value, however, of all
the shell-fish may be examined. The aggregate value of the shell-fish for
the twenty-six years amounted to £1,957,881, or an average per annum of
£75,303. In the first period, 1883-1895, the value amounted to £965,549,
giving an average of £74,273 ; in the second period, 1896-1908, the total
was £992,332, the average being £76,333 There was thus™an increase of
about 2°8 per cent.
On the East Coast, the value for the whole period was £857,480, the
average being £32,980. In the first period the total was £473,445, and
the average £36,419 ; in the second period the total was £384,035, the
average being £29,541. There was thus a decrease on the East Coast of
nearly 19 per cent.
In Orkney and Shetland the aggregate value was £186,006, the average
being £7154. In the first period the average was £6327, and in the
second period it was £7,981, showing an increase of about 26 per cent.
On the West Coast there was also an increase in the value of the shell-
fish landed. The aggregate for the whole period was £914,395, the
annual average being £35,169. In the first period, 1883-1895, the total
value amounted to £409,848, the average being £31,527, whereas in the
period 1896-1908 the total value was £504,547 and the annual average
£38,811, showing an increase of about 23 per cent.
Among the tables appended to this paper will be found some in which a
comparison is made between the total value of the shell-fish of a particular
coast and the value of the different kinds of shell-fish landed, and showing
also the percentage of the total value of the shell-fish of that coast to the
total value of the shell-fish of the whole of Scotland, and to the total value
of all the fish landed on the same coast. With regard to the former point
—the relative value of the different kinds of shell-fish from year to year in
relation to the total value—the rise in lobsters, and especially in crabs,
concurrently with the diminution in mussels, is noteworthy. The gradual
rise in the relative value of lobsters and the decrease in the unclassified
shell-fish are prominent features in the figures referring to Orkney and
Shetland, while on the West Coast there has been a gradual increase in
the unclassified shell-fish and a decrease in the values of the lobsters and
crabs. The tables also show that the relative value of the shell-fish
fisheries compared with the other fisheries, namely, for what are termed
148 Part ITl—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
wet fish, has greatly diminished, except on the West Coast, where the
decrease has been much less. Other tables are given showing ‘the yield of
the shell-fish fisheries of England and Wales for the years 1856- 1907,
together with the values, and instituting similar comparisons to those
described above.
Oysters.
The oyster fishery in Scotland is a very small one in comparison with the
oyster fishery in other countries, and it is less now than it used to be, owing
to many natural beds having been depleted. In the twenty-six years,
1883-1908, the aggregate number of oysters landed was 10,529,000. The
average number per annum over the period was 404,965. Comparing the
first half of the period, 1883-1895, with the latter half, 1896-1908, the
quantity landed in the former was 4,219,983, the average being 324,614
per annum, while in the second period the number was 6,309,104, and the
average 485,316 per annum. There was thus a gross increase in the
thirteen years of 2,089,120, or 49°5 per cent. This increase was entirely
confined to the West Coast, and is owing to the cultivation of the molluse
in certain places, in particular Loch Ryan.
The number landed on the East Coast in the twenty-six years was
1,048,637, the average per annum being 40,332. In the first half of the
period the number was 873,600, with an annual average of 67,200; in the
second half the number was 175 ,037, the average being 13 464, showing
therefore a decrease of about 80 per cent. This may be taken as indi-
cating the depletion of the natural beds, in particular in the Firth of
Forth, which at one time were very productive.
In ‘Orkney and Shetland the gross number landed was 54, 950, the
annual average being 2113. In the years 1883-1895 the number was
48,750, and the average 3750 per annum; in the years 1896-1908 the
number was 6200, the annual average being only 477 oysters, showing a
decrease of about 87 per cent.
On the West Coast the number of oysters landed in the twenty-six years
was 9,425,500, giving an average per annum of 362,519. In the first half
of the period the number was 3,297,633, and the average 253,664 ; in the
second half the number amounted to 6,127,867, the average being 471,374
oysters per annum. There was thus an increase in the thirteen years of
about 86 per cent. The proportion for the different coasts in the two
periods was as follows :-—
1883-1895. 1896-1908.
Hast ‘Coast nat. Lenas 20:7 per cent. 2°7 per cent.
Orkney and Shetland .. 1:1 & 0-1 As
West Coast .......... thew is 97°1 i
The figures in the detailed tables show that on the East Coast, in the
year 1883, 414,700 oysters were landed, and 95,000 in the following year,
and these represent, as it were, the last productive yield of the beds in the
Firth of Forth. After that there was a fairly steady decline until 1900,
when only 2600 oysters were landed. From 1901 to 1905 the number
rose again considerably, but in 1906 no oysters were landed on the East
Coast. In 1908 the number rose again to 14,900. In Orkney and Shet-
land the highest number in any year was 8000 in 1890, but in eight years
of the last thirteen no oysters were landed. On the West Coast by far the
highest numbers refer to recent years—for the reason stated above—in
1907 the number being 1,013,480, and in 1908 924,261.
With regard to the value of the oysters landed, the aggregate for the
twenty-six years for the whole of Scotland was £43,560, or an average per
Ee ee
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 149
annum of £1,675°4. In the first half the total value was £19,299, the
annual average being £1,484°5 ; in the second half the total was £24,261,
and the average £1,866°2, showing an increase of about 26 per cent.
On the East Coast the aggregate value amounted to £6111, the average
being £235; in the first period the total was £5,294 and the average
£407°2; in the second period the total was £817 and the average £62°8,
showing a decrease amounting to about 84 per cent.
In Orkney and Shetland the aggregate value was £254, with an average
of £9:7. The average in the first period was £17°6 and in the second
£1-9, showing a decrease of about 88 per cent.
The aggregate value on the West Coast amounted to £37,195, the aver-
age per annum being £1,430°6. In the first period the total was £13,776
and the average £1,059°7 ; in the second period the total was £23,419, the
average value per annum being £1,801°5. Here there was an increase of
about 70 per cent. in the value, as compared with an increase of 86 per
cent. in the number of oysters landed.
The allocation of the value to the different coasts in the two periods may
be shown. thus :-—
1883-1895. 1896-1908.
Hash Coast tie... ve 27°4 per cent. 3°4 per cent.
Orkney and Shetland ..- 1:2 93 0-1 5
Wiest: Coasti ).. auc eiies. 71:4 e 96:5 ns
Comparing the percentage increase in value with that in number, it is
obvious that the relative value has diminished. This is also shown by
computing the average values per 100 oysters, in shillings, in quinquennial
periods, as follows :—
Kast Orkney and West All
Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland.
PBSI=TSSS8h wa aes. s 12:0 9°7 7°6 8:6
HES9-1895 2h. sks 11°6 8:6 9-0 9:2
et OO4= 1S 98RA 252 ecitaiie 10°6 8:4 8-1 8-2
PE99=V9OBe 4 Sh divs xe 10:2 o:7 8:0 8°8
ROO TOOB, RL ale a's TiAl 8:0 G2 (PP
The considerable decrease in recent years may be attributed in part to
the “scares” in connection with cases where enteric fever was traced to
polluted oysters and other shell-fish.
Mussels.
The aggregate quantity of mussels landed in the twenty-six years in
Scotland was 4,929,375 cwts., the average per annum being 189,591 ewts.
In the first thirteen years the total amounted to 3,027,747 cwts., the aver-
age being 232,904 cwts. In the second period the quantity was 1,901,628
ewts., giving an annual average of 146,279 cwts. There was thus a gross
decrease of 1,126,119 ewts. in the latter period, or about 37 per cent.
This decrease was most marked on the East Coast. The aggregate
quantity amounted to 3,300,828 ewts., the average being 126,954 cwts. In
the first half of the period the quantity was 2,094,077 cwts., with an aver-
age of 161,083 ewts.; in the second half the total amounted to 1,206,751
ewts., the average being 92,827 cwts., showing a decrease of over 42 per
cent.
The total for Orkney and Shetland was 83,827 cwts., the annual average
being 3224 ewts. In the first thirteen years the total was 50,520 cwts.,
with an average of 3886 cwts.; in the last thirteen years the total
150 Part I1I—-Twenty-seventh Annual Report
amounted to 33,307 ewts., the average being 2562 cwts. There was there-
fore a decrease of about 34 per cent.
There was also a decrease on the West Coast, but less in proportion.
The aggregate quantity in the twenty-six years was 1,544,720 ewts., the
average per annum being 59,412 cwts. The quantity in the first period
amounted te 883,150 ewts., with an average of 67,935 cwts.; in the
second period the quantity was 661,570 ewts., and the average 50,890
ewts., Showing a decline of about 25 per cent.
The detailed tables show that on the East Coast down to 1893 the
quantity of mussels landed was always over 120,000 cwts., and sometimes
over 200,000 ewts., a year. Since 1899 the quantity has not in any year
been much over 70,000 cwts., and sometimes but little over 60,000 ewts.
The decrease in the quantity of mussels has relation to the decline in line-
fishing, as the chief use of the mussel in Scotland is for bait.
The proportions landed on the various coasts in the two periods are
indicated in the following figures :—
1883-1895. 1896-1908.
Hast Coast..........:. 69°1 per cent. 63°4 per cent.
Orkney and Shetland .. 1°6 Bt 17 5
West Coast .......... 29-1 34°7 Fs
With regard to values, the total value during the twenty-six years was
£286,228, giving an average of £11,009 per annum. In the first thirteen
years of the period the total amounted to £181,298, the average being
£13,946 ; in the second period the total was £104,930, and the average
£8071. There was thus a decrease in the latter period of £76,368, or
about 42 per cent. The agyregate value on the Hast Coast was £203,903,
the annual average being £7842, and the decrease in the second period
amounted te £72,881, or about 53 per cent.
The aggregate value for Orkney and Shetland for the whole period was
only £6008, with an average of £231, and the decrease in the second
period amounted to £1516, or 40 per cent. On the West Coast the
aggregate value was £76,317, the average per annum being £2935, and
the decrease in the second period was £1971, or about 5 per cent.
The value of mussels, like the value of oysters, has fallen in the period
covered by the statistics so far as the East Coast and Scotland as a whole
are concerned, but on the West Coast their value has increased. This is
brought out in the following table showing the value, in shillings per ewt.,
in quinquennial periods :—
East Orkney and West All
Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland.
PSS441888iane oie. 1:3 2°1 09 12
1889-1893) 0. ...00% 1:3 1-2 0:9 1:2
1894-1898 ........ 1:2 1] 1:0 TEN
WS99=1903) Le isa 1:4 tet 11
1904-1908 #sOe.% <8 1:0 18 1:3 11
Clams.
This shell-fish (Pecten) is used chiefly for bait, and, to a small extent, as
food. It is local in its distribution from the commercial point of view, by
far the greater quantity entered in the statistics having been taken from
the Firth of Forth ; small quantities are also got in the Clyde area. The
aggregate for the East Coast of Scotland in the twenty-six years amounted
to 334,793 cwts., the annual average being 12,877 cwts. In the first
thirteen years the total was 208,600 cwts., the average being 16,046 cwts.; |
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 151
in the second period the total was 126,193 ewts., the average being 9707
cwts. There was thus a decrease of 82,407 cwts., or about 39 per cent.
The total landed on the West Coast in the twenty-six years was only
1735 ewts.
The total value for Scotland in the period was £43,467, of which the
value on the East Coast amounted to £43,250. In the first thirteen years
the average value was £2062, and in the last thirteen years £1282,
showing a decrease of about 38 per cent.
The price of clams has kept up very well. The values in shillings per
ewt., in the quinquennial periods above stated, were, on the Hast Coast,
respectively 2°8, 2:1, 2°6, 2°6, and 2°8.
The greatest quantities were landed between 1888 and 1897; the
smallest in 1902 and 1908. Since then the quantity has rather increased.
Lobsters.
This crustacean constitutes the most valuable item among the shell-fish
fisheries of Scotland, and it differs from those molluscs which have been
referred to above—oysters, clams, and mussels—inasmuch as the quantity
and value have steadily increased. The aggregate number of lobsters
landed on the coasts of Scotland in the twenty-six years, 1883-1908,
amounted to 18,769,150, giving an annual average number of 721,890. In
the first half of the period, 1883-1895, the total number was 9,239,689,
the annual average being 710,745; in the second period the number was
9,529,461, and the average per annum 733,036, showing an increase of 3:1
per cent.
The aggregate on the Hast Coast was 2,689,496, the average being
103,442 per annum for the whole period. In the years 1883-1895 the
number was 1,409,222, and the average 108,402, while in the second period
the number was 1,280,274, and the annual average 98,483 lobsters. There
was thus a decrease on the East Coast in the second period to the extent
of 9 per cent. in the numbers landed.
There was, on the other hand, a notable increase in the lobster fishery of
the Orkney and Shetland group. The aggregate number taken in the twenty-
six years was 2,835,949—greater, therefore, than on the whole of the East
Coast—and the average number per annum was 109,075. In the first
period the number was 1,175,150, and the average 90,396, whereas in the
second period the number was 1,660,799, and the annual average 127,754.
There thus occurred an increase to the extent of over 41 per cent. in the
number of lobsters landed.
On the West Coast, where nearly three-fourths of the lobsters are taken,
the aggregate for the whole period amounted to 13,243,705 lobsters,
giving an annual average of 509,373. In the first period the number was
6,655,317, and the average per annum 511,947 ; in the second period the
number was 6,588,388, and the average 506,799. There was thus a
decrease of about 1 per cent. in the number of lobsters landed on the
West Coast in the second period as compared with the first. The highest
numbers, amounting in one year—1885—to 774,000, were taken in the
earlier years, but the period from 1896 to 1902 was also characterised by
large catches.
The proportions in which the lobsters were landed on the various coasts
in the two periods are shown in the following table :-—
1883-1895, 1896-1908.
Bast: Coasing pace tae: 15:2 per cent. 14°3 per cent.
Orkney and Shetland .. 12:7 s 15:1 oe
Wiest: Cnasty seit oa ee 72:0 A 70°6 99
One of the chief features is the development of the fishing for lobsters
152 Part IT1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
at the Orkney and Shetlands, and it is in reality at the Orkneys that the
great development has taken place, the lobsters landed at the Shetlands
being much smaller in amount.
With regard to the value, the aggregate for the whole period for all
Scotland amounted to £831,603, giving an average per annum of £31,985.
The total for the years 1883-1895 amounted to £385,726, or an annual
average of £29,671. In the years 1896-1908 the total was £445,877, and
the annual average £34,298. There was thus an increase in the value to
the extent of 15-6 per cent.
On the East Coast there was, however, a small decrease in the value as
well as in the quantity of lobsters landed. In the whole period the value
amounted to £137,829, the annual average being £5302. In the first
period the average was £5404, and in the second period it was £5199, the
decrease thus amounting to 3:8 per cent.
In the Orkney and Shetland group the total value amounted to
£149,286, giving an average per annum of £5742. In the first half of
the period the total amounted to £58,584, with an average of £4506; in
the second half the total was £90,702, and the average £6977. There was
thus an increase in value to the extent of about 55 per cent.
On the West Coast the aggregate value amounted to £544,488 for the
twenty-six years, the average per annum being £20,942. In the years
1883-1895 the total was £256,896, the average being £19,761; in the
years 1896-1908 the total value was £287,592, the average per annum
being £22,122. There thus occurred an increase in the value to the
extent of about 12 per cent.
The allocation of the value of the lobsters landed to the various coasts
in the two periods is shown in the following table :—
1883-1895. 1896 - 1908.
Hasti Coast - 5 tie )eis aus Spey 18:2 per cent. 15:2 per cent.
Orkney and Shetland .. 15:2 ‘i 20:3 Ee
WrestiCoast): 2.10) eee 66°6 3 64:5 ms
The value or price of lobsters increased over the period covered by the
statistics. The average value in shillings per 100 lobsters for the various
coasts in quinquennial periods is shown as follows :—
Kast Orkney and West All
Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland.
1884-1888. ..5.. 101°6 102°6 pty 79'3
1889-1893...... 97°5 100°7 82:2 87°6
1894-1898...... 100:0 99:9 78:3 84:6
1899-19032 4.4... 110°3 107-7 89:0 90°5
1904--1908...... OSS 101°6 91:0 97:1
The increase in the value on the West Coast, amounting to nearly 27
per cent., is especially noteworthy.
Crabs.
In the statistics referring to crabs, the quantities for the first two years
were given in cwts. and in the other years as numbers, so that the whole
period for this crustacean in which the figures are comparable comprises
24 years, 1885-1908. In that period the aggregate number of crabs
landed amounted to 68,341,417, the average per annum being 2,847,559
crabs. In the first period of eleven years, 1885-1895, the total number
amounted to 31,332,471, giving an annual average of 2,848,406; in the
second period, 1896-1908, the total number was 37,008,946, the average
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 1538
being 2,846,842. Thus, comparing one period with the other for the
whole of Scotland, there has been a fractional and minute decrease.
During the first part of the second period, from 1896 to 1902, the
number of crabs landed was large, exceeding 3,000,000, but since 1902
the number was smaller, never reaching 3,000,000 in any year, and going
as low as 1,990,000 in 1905.
The number landed on the East Coast in the twenty-four years was
64,587,381, the annual average being 2,691,141. In the years 1885-1895
the number amounted to 29,779,515, and the average was 2,707,228 crubs
per annum. In the period, 1896-1908, the total number was 34,807,866,
the average per annum being 2,677,528. There was thus a slight decrease
on the East Coast in the latter period, amounting to about 1:1 per cent.
This is accounted for by the comparatively small numbers landed in the
years 1905, 1906, and 1907, in each case being under two millions.
The number landed in Orkney and Shetland in the twenty-four years
was 434,088, the average per annum being 18,087. In the first eleven
years the total was 156,400, and the average 14,218; in the last thirteen
year's the number was 277,688, and tne average 21,36U perannum. There
was thus a noteworthy increase in the crabs landed in the islands in the
second period, amounting to about 50 per cent. In 1907 the number of
evabs taken amounted to 27,294, and in 1908 to 31,500.
There was also an increase in the number of crabs taken on the West
Coast. In the whole period the number was 3,319,948, the average per
annum being 138,331. Im the years 1885-1895 the number was
1,396,556, and the average 126,960; in the second period the number was
1,923,392, and the average 147,953. There was thus an increase of about
16 per cent. so far as concerns quantity.
The proportions of the crabs taken on the different coasts in the two
periods are indicated in the following table :—
1885 - 1895. 1896 - 1908.
Mast: Coast. gsi.s 2. : 95 per cent. 94:1 per cent.
Orkney and Shetland .. 0°5 - 0°8 Pe
Wrest, Coasts, 27) Sta Ab Bs 5:1 i
With regard to values, the aggregate value of the crabs landed on the
coasts of Scotland in the twenty-four years, 1885-1908, amounted to
£421,198, giving an average per annum of £16,200. In the first period,
1885-1895, the total was £209,223, the average being £16,094 per
annum ; in the second period, 1896 - 1908, the total was £211,975, while
the average per annum was £16,306, showing therefore a small increase of
1:3 per cent. in favour of the latter period. The years of greatest values,
as will be seen in the detailed tables, were from 1897 to 1903.
The aggregate value on the East Coast amounted to £401,889, the
average per annum being £15,457. In the first period the collective
value was £199,062, and the annual average £15,312; in the.second period
the total value was £202,827, and the average was £15,602. There was
thus a slight increase in the value in the second period, amounting to 1°8
per cent.
In Orkney and Shetland the collective value for the whole period was
£2368, the annual average being £91; the average in the first period was
£66 per annum, and in the second period £116, showing an increase of
nearly 66 per cent.
The aggregate value on the West Coast was £16,941, giving an annual
average of £651. In the first period the annual average was £716, and in
the second period it was £587, showing a decrease of 18 per cent. in value,
though there was an increase of nearly the same amount in quantity. The
proportion of the value in relation to the different coasts is shown in the
following table :—
154 Part III —Twenty-seventh Annual Report
1885 - 1895. 1896 - 1908.
Hast Coast. ........... 95°1 per cent. 95°7 per cent.
Orkney and Shetland .. 0: 3 07 is
West: Coast)% sje) seas! 44 5 3°6 ,
It is of interest to note that while over-the period the value or price of
crabs rose on the Hast Coast, and in particular in Orkney and Shetland,
the price declined on the West Coast, as the following table shows :—
East Orkney and West All
Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland.
L841 68S8e ee 1ehs9 6:2 13:6 11:8
1889=1893.15 foci 10:0 8:9 86 9-2
1894-1898. ..... 10:0 12:0 76 9:9
1S 99AVIOS 0 vaste Oe 10°7 8:8 12:0
HOO4 19S nk... 12:6 12°4 (3D 12:2
The figures show the values in shillings per 100 crabs.
Unclassified Shell-fish.
To this division belong a number of shell-fish which, in the order of
their value, may be given as follows :—Periwinkles and whelks, limpets,
shrimps, cockles, razor-fish or spout-fish (Solen), Norway lobster or craw-
fish. It appears that the names periwinkle and whelk are given
indifferently at different parts of the coast to the same mollusc ; but there
is little doubt that the most valuable of the unclassified shell-fish in Scot-
land is the periwinkle, of which thousands of ecwts. are collected from the
shores. Shrimp-fishing is confined to the upper parts of the Solway Firth.
Taking all the coasts together, the aggregate quantity of unclassified
shell-fish landed in the years 1883-1908 amounted to 1,423,060 ewts.,
giving an average per annum for the period of 54,733 ewts. In the years
1883-1895 the total quantity was 718,313 cwts., the average being
55,255 cwts.; in the years 1896 - 1908 the quantity was 704,747 cwts., the
average being 54,211 cwts. per annum. There was thus a slight average
decrease, amounting to 1:9 per cent. On the East Coast the aggregate
quantity in the twenty-six years amounted to 408,504 cwts., the average
per annum being 15,712 cwts.; in the first half of the period the quantity
totalled 222,975 ewts., the average being 17,152 ewts.; in the second half
the total was 185,529 ewts. and the average 14,271 cwts. There thus
occurred a decrease of 16:8 per cent. in the quantity on the East Coast.
The aggregate quantity at Orkney and Shetland was 186,777 cwts.,
giving an annual average for the twenty-six years of 7184 cwts. In the
first period the total amounted to 124,356 cwts., the average being 9566
ewts.; in the second period the total was 62,421, the average being 4802
ewts. There was therefore a decrease in the latter period to the extent of
almost 50 per cent.
On the West Coast the total quantity amounted to 827,778 cwts., giving
an average of 31,838 cwts. per annum. In the period 1883-1895 the
quantity was 370,981 ewts, and the average 28,537 cwts. ; in the period 1896—
1908 the total amounted to 456,797 cwts., the average being 35,138 ewts.
The West Coast thus differs from the other coasts in showing an increase
in this class of shell-fish to the extent of about 23 per cent. It is
problematical, however, whether an increase in this class is an indication
of prosperity. If it consists, as it appears to do, to a large extent of peri-
winkles and other forms obtained by collection along the shores, it is not
unlikely that in periods of scarcity in fisheries proper this method of
increasing the means of support is had recourse to.
of the Fishery Bourd for Scotland. 155
With regard to values, the total value for the whole period amounted to
£331,825, or an average per annum of £12,762. In the years 1883 - 1895
the value amounted to £143,198, and the average to £11,015; in the
years 1896-1908 the aggregate value was £188,627, the average being
£14,510, showing therefore a considerable increase.
The total value on the East Coast was £64,498, the average being
£2481; in the first period the average was £2592, and in the second
period the average was £2369, showing therefore a small decrease. In
Orkney and Shetland the total value amounted to £28,088, the average
per annum being £1080. In the first period the average was £1448, and
in the second period £713, indicating a considerable decrease. On the
West Coast the aggregate value was £239,239, the average per annum
being £9201. In the first period the average was £6975, and in the
second £11,428, showing a considerable increase.
During the period there has been a fairly steady rise in the price of this
class, as shown in the following table, which represents the average
value in shillings per ewt. for each quinquennial period :—
Hast Orkney and West All
Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland.
lvoe) Ss) ete fo mints wel eens 2°9 yal 5:1 4:0
ESSO VS oS oe sees. 31 3:0 4-4 3°8
TSO SESOS 4 HRS 3°3 ETT 56 4-6
TS99=1903. ose 3°4 2°8 6°6 5-4
HIO4=1908. 2 ook i) 3°5 6:7 56
Part II..—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
TABLE I.—QUANTITY* OF FISH LANDED (IN CWTS.)
1. East Coast. -
mM
HERRINGS 3 MACKEREL TotTat PEtacic Fisn
D
Year |Trawl Net Total Net Line |Trawl| Net ! Total] Line |Trawl| Net Total
1888 | — — — — — _ — — — — — ==
1889 | — = 2,850,925} 4,214 — — — 33) — — — 2,855, 172
1890 | — — 2,653,903] 14,077 — — — 234) — -— — 2,668, 214
1891} — — 1,925,962] 5,379 — —_ — 278) — = — 1,931,826
1892 | — _ | 2,620,394] 2,620,394] 5,887 _ — 50 50} — — | 2,626,572) 2,626,572
1893 | — | 3,158,346} 3,158,346] 58,315 — — 57 57] — — | 3,217,066] 3,217,066
1894 | —_ | 2,827,774) 2,827,774] 14,877 — — 318| 318} — — | 2,848,344) 2,843,344
1895 | — | 2,720,992] 2,720,992} 12,840 —_— — 327) 3277 — — | 2,734,461) 2,734,461
1896 | — | 2,824,977) 2,824,977] 37,745 — — 571| S571} — — | 2,863,787] 2,863,787
1897 | — _ | 1,503,693] 1,503,693] 20,950 — — | 1,237) 1,237) — — | 1,526,244) 1,526,244
1898 | — | 3,047,434 3,047,434) 5,939 — — |1,051) 1,051, — — | 3,054,644) 3,054,644
1899 | — | 1,522,351] 1,522,351] 8,323 — — |1,870| 1,870} — — | 1,532,873) 1,532,873
1900 | — _ | 1,528,006] 1,528,006] 7,349 — — | 2,394 | 2,894) — — | 1,538,014) 1,538,014
1901 | — | 1,926,317] 1,926,317} 14,904 — — |1,973/1,9734) — — | 1,943,524] 1,943,524
1902 | — | 2,740,585) 2,740,585) 29,064 — — 715} 715] — — | 2,770,577) 2,770,577
1903 | — | 2,381,666] 2,381,666] 60,438 — — 736| 7364 — — | 2,443,022) 2,443,022
1904 | — | 2,736,602) 2,736,602] 39,124 — — |1,794)1,794) — — | 2,777,807| 2,777,807
1905 | — | 2,313,253) 2,313,253] 12,130 — — | 6,004} 6,004} — — | 2,331,914) 2,331,914
1906 | 456 | 2,690,795] 2,691,251] 5,532 — | 1,033 | 4,964 | 5,997} — | 1,489 | 2,701,521) 2,703,010
1907 | 3,784 | 3,769,840) 3,773,624] 33,284 59 669 | 3,638 | 4,366 59 | 4,453 | 3,807,002) 3,811,514
1908 | 3,571 | 2,877,848) 2,881,419} 11,695 125 387 | 4,027 | 4,539} 125 | 3,958 | 2,893,714] 2,897,797
Cop Line Tusk SaITHE
Year| Line | Trawl Net Total Line | Trawl | Total | Line |Trawl| Total | Line | Trawl| Total
1888 = = = eS ae <= = a a — = = _—
1889 — os — 309,473 — — 33,308 | — — 711 _ — 31,114
1890 = — — 290,251 —_ — 41,174) — — 1,277 —_ —_— 39,091
1891 aes a =e 310,020 = — 40,858} — — 911, — _— 37,582
1892 | 257,026 | 39,568 — 296,594.) 43,579| 2,616] 46,195} 1,091 | — 1,091 | 29,902 | 1,660] 31,562
1893 | 223,068 | 52,965 — 276,033 | 46,017 4,621} 50,6387 2,882 | — 2,882 | 26,452 | 3,054 9,506
1894 | 228,367 | 72,778 — 301,145] 38,556 3,918 | 42,474) 1,796) — 1,796 | 33,587 | 1,741 | 35,328
1895 | 257,791 | 84,243 = 342,034] 48,815) 4,679} 538,494] 2,527) — 2,527 | 25,540 | 1,499] 27,039
1896 | 290,397 | 107,139 = 397,536 | 43,107 7,466 | 50,573} 2,864 | — 2,864 | 38,876 | 1,637} 40,513
1897 | 304,303 | 124,576 — 428,879 | 47,589 5,825 | 53,414} 2,819 | — 2,819 | 33,448 | 4,056] 37,504
1898 | 263,838 | 165,593 — 429,431] 38,293] 10,873 | 49,166} 2,933 | — 2,933 | 39,981 | 6,870} 46,851
1899 | 232,922 | 183,652 — 416,574] 47,219} 24,472] 71,6914 3,349) — 3,349 | 28,853 | 9,880] 38,738
1900 | 156,157 | 178,593 — 334,750] 47,425] 37,862] 85,287} 4,418) — 4,418 | 23,097 | 17,550] 40,647
1901 | 150,407 | 203,099 — 353,506 | 53,069) 47,385 | 100,454] 6,491 | — 6,491 | 15,212 | 23,675 | 38,887
1902 | 143,384 | 266,716 — 410,100} 47,706 | 43,014) 90,720} 7,726) — 7,726 | 12,298 | 31,163] 43,461
1903 | 142,599 | 311,928 — 454,527] 38,032] 41,204] 74,2369 5,662 | 1,453 | 7,115 | 10,422 | 39,098 | 49,520
1904 | 168,770 | 380,553 — 549,323} 59,655 | 44,221 | 103,876) 7,478 | 1,366 | 8,844} 10,354 | 51,236] 61,590
1905 | 173,958 | 407,079 — 581,037 | 60,537 | 57,941 | 118,478} 8,324 | 1,813 | 10,187 | 18,809 | 79,450} 92,759:
1906 | 142,277 | 462,476 ,990 | 608,743} 46,863} 59,788 | 106,651] 6,302) 1,842] 8,1 9,968 | 73,352 | 83,320
1907 | 139,113 | 468,263} 3,808 | 611,184] 41,545} 80,037 | 121,582] 5,005] 1,918 | 6,923] 5,972 | 96,509 | 102,481
1908 | 151,049 | 521,171 | 11,296 | 683,516} 95,370} 88,140 | 183,510 | 10,428 | 1,825 | 12,253 | 15,666 | 90,414 | 106,088
8 ewt. Saithe, value £2, caught by net in 1908,
* Fractions omitted.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 157
Happock WHITING ConcGER HELs GURNARDS
Trawl | Total] Line |Trawl| Total
Line Trawl | Total | Line | Trawl | Total | Line
z
1888 | — = = ee eos — =
1889 | — — | 725,346) — — | 61,000 — | 3,846 |
1890 | — — | 683,531] — — | 68,548 — | 2.559 |
ior |) — — | 672156] — | — | 64,163 ee
1892 | 438,397 | 209,991 | 648,388] 31,783] 7,256 | 39,039}2,209| 77 | 2,286
1893 | 390,323 | 241,762 | 632,085] 20,099] 7,371| 27,470]2,399| 44 | 2,443
1894 | 500,680 | 259,168 | 759,848] 28,688} 4,700} 33,388]2,374| 95 | 2,469
1895 | 593,634 | 337,592 | 931,226} 29,828 | 5,511] 35,339972,215| 95 | 2,310
1896 | 600,396 | 319,013 | 919,409} 27,832} 5,585) 33,417]3,629| 115 | 3,744
1897 | 456,062 | 349,742 | 805,804} 20,532 | 9,191] 29,72314,589| 80 | 4,669
1898 | 240,306 | 461,208 | 701,514) 18,371| 16,004] 34,375]3,607| 61 | 3,668
1899 | 181,397 | 559,850 | 741,247418,009| 29,206) 47,215 C
1900 | 124,090 | 598,191 | 722,281} 20,349 | 45,576) 65,925}13,763| 81 | 3,844
1901 | 89,480 | 706,403 | 795,883} 16,406 | 98,838 | 115,244] 2,794 | 126 | 2,920
1902 | 103,224 | 767,137 | 870,361 | 13,114 | 125,123 | 138,237} 1,917 | 404 | 2,321
1903 | 135,917 | 826,122 | 962,039 | 16,437 | 102,289 | 118,726 | 1,743 | 369 | 2,112
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1904 | 142,888 | 837,664 2 | 7,121 | 7,283
1905 | 116,274 | 766,690 | 882,964 | 22,868 | 154,783 | 177,651 2| 401 | 3,433 1 | 7,378 | 7,529
1906 | 159,729 | 868,137 |1,027,988 | 21,166 | 119,995 | 141,327 } 2,733 | 299 | 3,032 5 | 6,942 | 7,117
1907 | 138,010 | 993,917 |1,131,933 | 11,071 | 124,372 | 185,443 } 2,599 | 374 | 2,997 8 | 6,471 | 6,549
1908 | 105,920 | 984,653 |1,090,573 | 21,540 | 120,451 | 141,991 } 3,346 | 612 | 3,996 4 | 5,091 | 5,165
122 ewt. Haddock, value £129, caught by net in 1906; 6 ewt. Haddock, value £3, caught by net
in 1907. 166 ewt. Whiting, value £44, caught by net in 1906. 24 ewt. Conger Hels,
yalue £56, caught by net in 1907; 38 cwt, Conger Hels, value £82, caught by net in 1908,
CaTFISH Monks Hake ToraLt Round FisH
Year | Line | Trawl | Total | Trawl | Line} Trawl | Total Line Trawl Net Total
1888 | — — — — = — — — = — —
1889 | — — — — — — _ = — — 1,164,798
1890 | — — — — — — — — — — 1,126,431
1891 |} — — — — == = — — — — 1,127,452
1892 | — — — — = — — 803,987 261,168 — 1,065,155
1893 | — — — — — — — 711,240 309,817 — 1,021,057
1894} — =eapel Vise — — = = 834,049 342,400 — 1,176,449
1895 | — —> | = — = = — 960,350} 433,619 _ 1,393,969
1896 | — —- = — = = — 1,007,101 440,955 — 1,448,056
1897 | — —- |, = — — — — 869,342 493,470 — 1,362,812
1898 | — —- = a = = — 607,329 660,609 — 1,267,938
1899 | — — | =— — = — — 515,449 807,160 — 1,322,609
1900 | — — bos — = = = 379,299 | 877,853); — 1,257,152
1901 | — — | — — — = — 333,859.) 1,079,526 — 1,413,385
1902 | — —- | = — — = — 329,369 | 1,233,557 _ 1,562,926
1903 | — — — — — — — 345,812 | 1,322,463 — 1,668,275
1904 | 436 | 20,746 | 21,182 | *11,305] 171 | 24,896 | 25,067 411,808 | 1,504,427; — 1,916,235
1905 | 373) 17,943 | 18,316 | $13,479] 236 | 33,334 | 33,570 399,063 | 1,540,290; — 1,939,353
1906 | 472 | 20,196 | 20,668 | 14,920} 147 | 25,130 | 25,277 389,832 | 1,653,077 | 4,278 | 2,047,187
1907 | 555 | 23,490 | 24,045 | 16,365 71 | 15,264 | 15,335 344,019 | 1,826,980 | 3,838 2,174,837
1908 | 709 | 20,518 | 21,227 | 19,992} 157 | 17,840 | 17,997 404,259 | 1,870,707 | 11,342 | 2,286,308
Pm Je ee US ee eS Se
*Includes 2 cwt. Monks caught by line in 1904.
t 1 5, 1905.
” ”» ” ” ” ”
L
158 Part ITT.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
TURBOT HAisut LEMON SOLES FLOUNDERS
Year [Line |Trawl| Total} Line | Trawl | Total }|Line| Trawl |Net| Total } Line | Trawl| Net | Total
1888 | — — — =F a — — — — = — _ = | =
1889 | — — | 5,764 -- —- 7,505 | — — — | 18,127 -- os —_— 58,338
1890 | — — | 4,639 = | = 10,406 | — — — | 16,382 — _- — |. 65564
1891 | — — | 4,895 — — 7,850 | — — — | 17,570 — = _— 64,929
1892 | 230 | 3,588 | 3,818 | 17,242 131 | 17,373 | 101 | 23,156 | — | 23,257 | 16,322 | 39,738 | — 56,060
1893 | 180 | 3,494 | 3,674] 17,713 556 | 18,269 | 131 | 17,018 | — | 17,149 4 16,309 | 45,744 | — 62,053
1894 | 217 | 2,463 | 2,680} 19,972 636 | 20,608 f 107 | 17,656 | — | 17,763 } 20,144 | 46,711 |} — 66,855
1895 81 | 3,047 | 3,128} 19,389 833 | 20,222 | 108 | 19,061 | — | 19,169] 18,490 | 47,031 | — 65,521
1896 | 112 | 4,737 | 4,849] 24,516 839 | 25,355 | 87 | 18,358 | — | 18,445 | 12,427 | 54,1382 | — 66,559
1897 99 | 4,322 | 4,421 | 22,066 1,278 | 23,344 67 | 13,011 | — | 18,078 | 14,231 | 41,531 |} — 55,762
1898 56 | 5,587 | 5,643 | 17,480 1,520 ; 19,000 60 | 17,481 | — | 17,541 | 14,681 | 44,595 | — 59,276
1899 | 127 | 5,988 | 6,115} 14,686 2,746 | 17,432 42 | 22,954 | — | 22,996 | 19,439 | 62,210 | — 81,649
1900 | 40 | 5,003} 5,043} 16,850 | 4,837 | 21,687 | 23 | 20,516) — | 20,539 } 17,423 | 74,633 | — 92,056
1901 61 | 5,081 | 5,142] 23,712 6,665 | -30,377 40 | 22,384 | — | 22,424] 18,202 | 93,868 |, — | 112,070
1902 37 | 5,385 | 5,422 | 19,297 6,706 | 26,003 65 | 25,090 | — | 25,155] 17,432 | 79,109 | — 96,541
1903 | 23 | 8,692] 8,715] 19,951 7,399 | 27,350 | 139 | 26,381 | — | 26,520] 15,007 | 86,703 | — | 101,710
1904 39 | 6,539 | 6,578 | 26,968 | 10,641 | 37,609 | 157 | 26,347 | — | 26,504}. 9,816) 5,483) — 15,249
1905 6 | 6,212 | 6,218} 20,824 | 11,061 | 31,885 } 135 | 30,678 | — | 30,8138} 6,894) 4,673}; — 11,567 @
1906 5 | 5,459 | 5,464] 21,489 | 12,679 | 34,168 } 140 | 32.568] 81 | 32,789) 4,193| 5,143] 1,575| 10,911
1907 19 | 5,989 | 6,008} 26,264 | 13,060 | 39,324 | 176 | 32,704] 76 | 32,956] 5,767] 2,810/1,031; 9,608
1908 6 | 5,871 | 5,877 | 40,152 9,206 | 49,358 | 257 | 33,753 130 | 34,140] 6,132] 1,686 946 8,764
‘¢ Flounder” includes Plaice and Brill to 1904,
nm nD
a) =
PLAICE fc t Dazs 5 ie Toran Frar Fisk
fa a 8
a
Year| Line | Trawl} Net | Total j)Trawl] Line |Trawl| Total | Trawl | Trawl] Line | Trawl |Net| Total
1888 _ — — — — — = — — -- — -- --
1889 — — _ _ -- — = == — — == -- —— | 84,734
1890 —_ —_ — — _— — — — — —_ -- a= — | 96,992
1891 — — — — — — — = — — -= -- —— | 94,745
1892 | — — -— — — — — = — — |33,895| 66,614} —- | 100,509
1893 — _ — — — _ _ — 34,333 | 66,812 | — | 101,145
1894 — — | — _— — — — | =— — — |40,440] 67,466) — | 107,906
1895 — — — = — — — | — — — |38,068} 69,972 | —- | 108,040
1896 — _ — — — — — 37,142 | 78,066 | — | 115,208
1897 — — — — _ — —— |36,464] 60,142 | — | 96,606
1898 -- _— — — oe -- | 32,277] 69,183 | — | 101,460
1899 -—— et | — — — — — —— | 34,294] 93,898 | — | 128,192 —
1900 — — — — _— —— | 34,336 | 104,989 | — | 139,325 —
1901 — | — — — — 42,015 | 127,998 | -—— | 170,013
1902 | — snes — Sy [paral ar = — {36,831 | 116,290 | — | 153,121
1903 | - — — _- _ — — | 35,120 | 129,175 | —- | 164,295
1904. | 10,745 | 51,820} — _ | 62,565 }*1,408] 1,848 | 4,442 | 6,290 } 23,891 | 10,331 | 49,594 | 140,831 | —— | 190,425
1905 | 7,355 | 43,741 | — | 51,096} 1,004] 1,747 | 4,391 | 6,138 } 21,242 | 11,610 | 36,961 | 134,612 | — 171,573 |
1906 | 6,218 | 47,539 | 1,164 | 54,921 | 1,029 | 2,314 | 3,802 | 6,127 | 16,669 | 10,697 } 34,359 | 185,585 |2831) 172,775
1907 | 7,065 | 41,873! 949) 49,887] 704] 2,553 | 5,922 | 8,475 117,167 | 12,640 | 41,844 | 132,869 |2056| 176.769
1908 | 8,787 | 35,718 | 91 | 44,596 | +701 | 3,066 | 7,203 | 10,274 } 19,679 | 12,311 | 58,413 | 126,115 1172] 185,700
se
* 21 ewt. Brill, value £8, caught by line in 1904. | 13 ewt. Brill, value £11, caught by line in 1908.
HOU aa IDES Seg | 25) a's MetamplQUGs' 55, J RDS, Sy. pees 3 net in 1908.
heyiee**
Year| Line | Trawl| Net | Total |} Line | Trawl| Net | Total Net. Total
1888 — — — = —_— = — = == =
1889 — — — |30,199} — — — | 65,783 — |4,200,687
1890 — — — | 35,281 _ —_ — | 86,703 _ 4,013,621
1891 — —_ — | 32,506 — — — | 84,347 “= — 3,270,877
1892 | 30,847 | 6,005) — | 386,852] 44,475 | 41,256) — | 85,731} 913,205 5, 2,626,572 |3,914,820
1893 | 33,5389} 5,363) — | 38,902 } 33,193 | 39,418 | 1,511 | 74,122] 812,306 |. 421,410 13,218,577 |4,452,293
1894 | 25,999} 5,181} — _ | 31,180 } 23,441 | 22,768 | 1,118 | 47,3271 923,930] 437,815 |2,844,462 |4,206,207
1895 | 29,020) 4,882) — | 33,902]17,910) 17,713} — | 35,623 1,045,348 | 526,186 2,734,461 |4,305,995
1896 | 37,253 | 6,793) — _ | 44,046 } 16,238 | 19,8389 | — | 36,077 [1,097,736 | 545,652 |2,863,787 |4,507,175
1897 | 40,296 | 7,327) — | 47,623] 13,465 | 22,274) — | 35,739} 959,567 | 583,213 |1,526,244 |3,069,024
1898 | 37,563 | 11,092 | — | 48,655] 9,526 | 37,847) — | 47,373] 686,695 | 778,731 |3,054,644 |4,520,070
1899 | 38,518 | 16,784 — | 55,302} 5,561 | 53,3868} — | 58,929] 593,822 | 971,210 |1,532,873 |3,097,905 |
1900 | 30,627 | 20,788} — | 51,415] 4,214) 55,531) — |59,7454 448,476 |1,059,161 |1,538,014 |3,045,651
1901 | 34,306 | 25,639} — | 59,9454 3,488 | 77,744) — | 81,182] 413,618 |1,310,907 |1,943,524 |3,668,049
1902 | 35,779 | 27,850; — | 63,129} 3,051 | 68,310; — | 71,361} 405,030 |1,445,507 |2,770,577 |4,621,114
1903 | 28,541 | 33,342; — | 61,883] 2,566/58.699| — | 61.265} 412,039 |1,543,679 12,443,022 |4,398,740
1904 | 39,413 | 36,693 | — 76, 106 822) 1,910); — 2,732 4 501,637 |1,683,861 |2,777,807 4,963,305
1905 | 40,249 | 37,794 | — | 78,043 592) 2,719; — 3,311 476,865 1,715,415 |2,331,914 |4,524,194
1906 | 34,626 | 40,707 | 235 | 75.568 240} 3,530 11 | 3,781} 459,057 |1,834,388 |2,708,876 |5,002, 321
1907 | 32,481 | 39,176 64 | 71,721 7,14¢ 5 418,579 |2,010,627 |3,812,965 6,242,171
1908 | 49,110 | 42,901 33 | 92,044 512,178 |2,051,586 |2,906,261 3) 5,470,025
2. Orkney and Shetland.
a 3g Cop AND CODLING Line | Tusk SAITHE
fa Ss) TOTAL
lon = PELAGIC
| FisH
Year Net Net Line | Trawl | Total | Line { Line} Line /|Trawl| Total
IS) = a Sar = ae = sed = = ra
1889 189,591 EIT = | 183,056 153,114} 9,702] — |«— | 27,877
1890 | 335,632 335,632 — — | 106,874 | 48,964 } 6,033 — — | 44,483
1891 | 361,459 361,477 — — | 150,485 | 57,051] 5,465] — — | 26,700
1892 | 163,075 163,075 | 112,063 | — | 112,063 | 23,715 f 3,511 | 26,450 | — | 26,450
1893 | 334,918 334,919} 95,013} — | 95,013 | 47,037 | 7,092 | 29,734] — | 29,734
1894 | 842,960 842,970 | 101,848 | 4,530 | 106,378 } 50,200 | 5,970} 52,757 | — | 52,757
1895 | 663,225 663,225 | 79,464 127 79,591 | 47,732 { 6,968 | 30,858 | — _ | 30,858
1896 | 540,880 541,000 } 127,542 | 2,439 | 129,981 } 41,999 | 6,585 | 40,148 | — | 40,148
1897 | 658,429 658,749 | 103,089 ,763 | 107,852 | 30,892 } 4,131 | 20,3892 | — | 20,392
1898 | 782,144 782,181 | 62,899] — | 62,899] 23,862] 4,249 | 24,784| — | 24,784
1899 | 929,346 929,733 | 37,859] 9,186 | 47,045 | 30,125 } 5,572 | 26,277 | — | 26,277
1900 1,155,826 1,156,107 | 46,397 | 12,592 | 58,989 | 26,453 | 4,099 | 20,704 | 439 | 21,143
1901 1,701,878} 146 ]1,702,024} 43,918 | 13,560 57,478 | 21,998 | 6,391 21,069 | 125 } 21,194
1902 11,199,424 70 11,199,494 | 33,482 | 19,566 | 52,998, 8,927} 2,805]16,591 | — | 16,591
1903 1,185,131 48 $1,185,179 | 33,064 | 16,400 | 49,464) 4,93592,138]16,818) — | 16,818
1904 2,045,613] 46 2,045,659} 46,120] 16,494 62,614] 3,253 91,326 113,758 | — | 18,758
1905 2,409,862] 65 D409, 927} 41.420 | 20,379 61,799} 8,511} 3,963 } 16,501 | 620 17,121
1906 1,734,351 700 L 735, O51] 45,431 | 29,522 74,953] 3,191}1,318} 6,403 | 252 6,655
1907 (1,782 023 } 151 }1,782,17 28,560 | 23,446 | 52,006] 1,373 836] 3,629 | 434 4,063
1908 1,994,202 | 344 1,994,546] 69 804 | 21, 338 | 91,232] 8,370] 2,822] 6,631| 396 | 7,027
SKATES AND Rays
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
UNCLASSIFIED
402
9 b]
Tusk, Ar
” ee
£3, A
£259, a5
9
”
99
9
9
9
1906
1908 Er
1906
1908
73
329 ewt. of Ling, value £128, caught by trawl in ice (included in line).
£153
159
ToraL WHITE FIsH
160 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
Torat Rounp FisH 5
. =
HappockEs
* FLOUNDERS
WHITING
Concer HELs
HaALisur
| Lemon SOLES
Year| Line /Trawl} Total | Line Line {LineLine} Line | Trawl| Total [Line] Line Line} Line
1888 _ _— _ — j-—|J—-— — _ _ —f — }-|} —
1889 “= — 131] 64 | — 47 — — — | 259,424] 5 | 9,905} — }1,121
1890 — — 60 | 270 | — | — —_— — | 239,310] 50 {6,696} — | 305
1891 — — — | 236 | —jJ— = — | 261,477) 45 47,3154 — | 309
1892 | 39,203} — 25 50 — } — | 205,017 — 205,017 | 12 | 4,365 | — 321
1893 | 30,071) — 4] 82 | — | — | 209,033; — _ | 209,033} — }9,478} — 4 117
1894 | 27,058 | — 38 | 23 | — |] — | 237,894] 4,530] 242,424] 118,853) —] 145
1895 | 36,788 | — 10 15 — | — | 201,835 127 | 201,962 | — | 6,757 | — 58
1896 | 30,663] 200 | 119} 39 | — | — J 247,095 | 2,639 | 249,734} 2 45,763) —— 285
1897 | 34,096 | 190 | 145 | 29 | — | — | 192,774| 4,953) 197,727} 144,110} —J} 409
1898 | 28,644} — 157] 18 |} —i — 4 144,613; — | 144,613] — 13,1364 — | 169
1899 | 30280] — 342} 49 # — | — 1 130,504] 9,186] 139,690} 242,629) — | 262
1900 | 28,311 | 530 387 15 — | — | 126,035 | 13,892 | 139,927 | 24 | 2,220] 144 270
1901 | 26,358] 78 233 | — 9 — | — 1 119,565 | 14,165 133,720] 23,054)" 1 1o7
1902 | 19,800} — 333 1 | — f — {81,889 | 19,566 | 101,4554 111,149 — | 293
1903 | 23,706} — 126 1 | —— —{ 80,788] 16,400| 97,188] —} 6934 4 4 312:
1904 | 28,955} —_ 410 3 710] 24 93,837 | 16,494]110,331f 191,110} — } 359
1905 | 28,782} 140 | 577 a 10 } 30 § 99,801 | 21,139 | 120,940} 11 J 1.6274 3 215
1906 | 22,745 76 | 731 2 5 3] 79,814 | 29,865 | 109,679] 341,198) 2 181
1907 | 27,596} — | 1,191} — § — I —} 63,185 | 23,880] 87,0654 2 335" — | 125
1908 | 26,771); — 1,354] — 8 § 18 | 115,045 | 22,552 | 137,597} — J 1,17649 1 70
* Includes Plaice and Brill to 1904.
2 ewt. Whiting, value £1, caught by trawl in 1900 (included in line).
8 ” Catfish, ” £A, ” ” 1908 ” ”
202 turbot, o eeGO, 3 Ms 1900 . we
Gees Halibut, 255K), 1900
11 ,, Lemon Soles, value £22, caught by "trawl i in hee (included i in line).
58 ,, Flounders, 45 | ees), a 3 1900 Pr Pp
a 4 a = 5 z eB
= QD at R -- — -- — -- | 20,329
1890 |} — — — — || 8) = |e -- -—- -- -- — | 19,702
1891 | — — — =| = | -~ -- — -- -- | 18,282
1892 | — _ — —; -|—- — —- | 18,871 |5.014} — | 18,885
1893 | — _— — = | — | — |= — — 18,221 | 4,212; — | 17,433
1894 | — — — = f=) =|] = —- —- 412,344) 4,416} — | 16,760
1895 | — — — — j-—-]|] —|— -- —- $11,789 | 4,955} -- | 16,744
1896 | — — — — j—] — |= —_ —— {14,974/5,790| — | 20,764
1897 | — —— — — =| =| — —- —— {13,658 | 4,232} -—- | 17,890
1898 | — — — == —}|-—- -- —- [138,019] 3,869] — | 16,888
1899 | — — — — f—-| —-|— — — | 10,744/ 3,353} — | 14,097
1900} — — — — f--| --|— -- — 8.599 | 3,645 | — | 12,244
1901 |} — — — — F-| — — — 9,308 | 3,737} -- | 13,045
1902 | — _ -~ — |-| —|— — — 8,103 | 2,699} — | 10,802
1903 | — — -- — J—-}] -|— — — 8,283 | 2,568} — | 10,851
1904 | 2,531|1,354| — |3,885} 5/ —|— B) ——- {11,959)1,746} —- | 13,705
1905 | 3,467 | 1,666; — |5,1383f12; — | — 1,415 50 | 10,306 | 4,545) — | 14,851
1906 | 1,108 | 1,412 | 1,354 | 3,874} 2) —| 7 38 11 | 5,872 | 1,911) 1,887] 9,670
1907 | 1,159 | 1,514 | 2,098 | 4,771} — | 11] 6 402 596 | 6,768 | 3,633 | 2,772 | 13,173
1908 | 1,566 | 1,403 | 1,797 | 4,766 | — 4\ 6 229 442 | 7,054 | 2,728 | 2,987 | 12,769
2 ewt. Dabs, value £2, caught by net in 1906.
4 ,, Witches, ,, £4, » 99 99 9 1906 (ineluded in trawl).
164
Part ILI —Twenty-seventh Annual Report
SKATES AND Rays UNCLASSIFIED ToraLt WHITE FISH
Year} Line | Trawl|} Net | Total | Line | Trawl| Net | Total Line Trawl Net Total
1888 — -- — —- —- -- -- -- a= -- -- —
1889 -- -- —— | 13,738 -- -- — 7,886 - —- | = 908,481
1890 — -- —— | 13,891 — a -- 4,649 — — -- 1,256,414
1891 — -- -—— !11,022 — —- — 6,330 -- -- -- 1,512,898
1892 | 13,402 15 — | 13,417 713,329; —- —— | 18,329 | 261,407 5,062 | 875,124 | 1,141,593
1893 | 15,669 20 —— | 15,689 $10,295; — 376 | 10,671 | 255,302 | 4,277 | 934,578 | 1,194,157
1894 | 14,033 597 — | 14,6380] 5,336} 114 198 | 5,648 | 209,836 | 6,024 | 665,513 881,373
1895 | 20,893 26 — | 20,919] 6,392 18 134 | 6,544} 219,898 | 5,382 | 694,818 920,093
1896 | 14,817 3 — | 14,820} 6,155 2 -- 6,157 | 231,009 | 6,451 | 598,004 835,464
1897 | 15,532 108 — | 15,6404 6,163 3 -- 6,166 | 249,939 | 5,179 | 807,096 | 1,062,214
1898 | 22,895 131 — | 23,0269 7.185} —— 101 7,286 | 217,414 | 4,705 | 878,513 | 1,100,632
1899 | 25,525) — — | 25,525] 6,368} —- —- 6,368 | 206,908 | 3,417 | 759,295 969,620
1900 | 19,269 20 —— | 19,2897 4,109 23 -- 4,132 | 176,648 | 3,918 | 840,646 | 1,021,212
1901 | 19,646) — —— |19,646] 4,715; —- — 4,715 | 153,047 | 3,776 | 714,755 871,578
1902 | 13,599 14 — | 13,613} 3,253) -- -- 3,258 | 115,405 | 2,757 | 819,377 937,539
1903 | 8,107; — -— 8,107 | 3,692; —- — | 3,692] 105,219 | 6,291 | 721,634 833, 144
1904. | 17,738 85 — |17,823] 2,265) —- goa. 2,265 | 153,861 | 3,213 | 664,990 822,064
1905 | 19,573 521 — |20,094) 2,090} — —— | 2,090} 152,299 | 6,884 | 633,384 792,567
1906 | 20,055 471 | 301 | 20,827] 2,731 -— -- | 2,731] 144,515 | 3.506 | 590,868 738,889
1907 | 15,409 | 1,164 | 560 | 17,133] 1,740 58 -—- | 1,798} 131,336 | 42,318 | 788,350 962,004
1908 | 28,809 | 1,049 | 124 | 29,982] 1,788 60 -- 1,848 | 157,752 | 37,709 | 842,031 | 1,037,492
4.—All Coasts.
HERRING SPRATS MACKEREL Torat Prnacic FIsuH.
Year } Trawl Net Total Net § Net {Trawl| Net | Total | Trawl Net Total
1888 —— |2,741,871 415,085) —- — —- 598 _— —— —_ |2,757,054
1889 -—— |3,718,505} 4,371) —- -- - 664 -- -—- |8,723,540
1890 —- {3,980,363} 14,077) 247) — — 938 -- — |8,995,625
1891 —— 3,539,623] 5,879 2327 — -- 1,734 -- — |3,546,968
1892 3,655,116 |3,655,116 § 5,908} 276) -- 3,471 | 3,471 —- |3,664,771 |3,664,771
1893 4,424,591 |4,424,591 | 58,3194 376) —- 2,901} 2,901 -- [4,486,187 |4,486, 187
1894 4,333,925 |4,333,925 114,877} 391 | — 2,485 | | 2,435 — {4,351,629 |4,351,629
1895 4,077,466 |4,077,466 | 12,842} 332 7 — 120) P1729 —— {4,092,365 |4,092,365
1896 3,960,281 |3,960,281 | 37,746} 523) —— 4,241| 4,241 --- 14,002,791 |4,002,791
1897 2,965,965 |2,965,965 | 20,950} 408} —- 4,767 | 4,767 —- {2,992,090 |2,992,090
1898 4,703,641 |4,703,641}] 5.939% 311] — 5,346} 5,346 — [4,715,237 |4,715,237
1899 3,207,078 |3,207,078 # 8,923} 394) — 5,506 | 5,506 —— {3,221,901 |3,221,901
1900 3,520,216 |3,520,216 | 7,349) 329] —- 6,873 | 6,873 -- |8,534,767 |8,534, 767
1901 4,338,635 |4,338,635 | 14,904} 3867 — 6,378 | 6,378 —— [4,360,303 |4,360,303
1902 4,758,944 |4,753,944 | 29,064) 273 | -- 6,167 | 6,167 —— |4,789,448 |4,789,448
1903 4 279,485 |4,279,485 | 60,438 | 231} — 9,681 | 9,681 -- [4,349,835 |4,349, 835
1904. 5,482,494 |5,432,494 | 39,124) 345 7 -- | 16,493] 16,493 -- 15,488,456 |5,488,456
1905 5,342,777 |5,3842,777 112,130) 5774 -- | 19,741 | 19,741 —- [5,375,225 |5,875,225
1906 4,978,661 |4,979,848 | 5,532] 271 1,033 | 29,536 | 30,569} 2,220 |5,014,000 |5,016,220
1907 6,295,553 |6,313,247 | 33,284] 259 71 | 33,397 | 34,327 | 18,365 |6,362,493 |6,381,117
1908 5,669,473 |5,690,114 } 11,695} 183 410 | 25,558 | 26,165 | 21,051 |5,706,909 |5,728, 157
259 ewt. Mackerel, value £133, caught by line in 1907.
197 £11 1908.
”
99
9 ’
”
bP)
of the Fishery Bowrd for Scotland.
165
Cop AND CoDLING
Year| Line |Trawl | Net | Total
1889} — ==
1891} —
1892)427,431 39,5 576
1893)/373,170| 52,981
1894/369,945| 77,821
1895 374,913 84,424
1896/465,329| 109,746
1897/461,339)129, 425
1898/390,589}165, 716
1899)321,669}192,851
1900/242, 820/191,318
ijl edict sal! PSP Sjlatl
2 ?
1901)/229,014/216,667| —— |445,681[109,377/47,787
75, 400/43, 014
51,466/41,204
87,366/44.221
92,729|58,208
71,647/59,810
61, 132/81,173
121, 245/89, 646
1902}200, 111/286,284| --
1903/194,064/330,996) -- |525,06
1904/249,230/397,052) —- |646,282
1905}249,080/427,850| -- |676,930
1906 219, 070)492,093) 9,108)720,271
1907 192, 775 494, 187) 8,760|695, 722
1908/249, 265/544, 645|23, 390|817,30
Happock
Year} Line Trawl Total
1888 -— —_ §20,498
1889 —_ — 792,130
1890 —— — 753,654
1891 _— — 726,287
1892 | 512,777 | 210,008 | 722,785
1893 | 443,011] 241,772 | 684,783
1894 | 553,011 | 259,403] 812,414
1895 | 663.548 | 337,792 |1,001,340
1896 | 670,685 | 319,513} 990,198
1897 | 515,927 | 350,387| 866,314
1898 | 287,120] 461,518] 748,638
1899 | 225,004} 559,894! 784,898
1900 | 162,535 | 598,778) 761,313
1901 | 124,563 | 706,508) 831,071
1902 | 132,841 | 767,168 900, 009
1903 | 176,973 | 827,169 |1,004,142
1904 | 191,967 | 837,687 |1, 029, 654
1905 | 164,437 767,247 931,684
1906 | 205,923 | 868,347 |1,074,515
1907 | 188,147 |1,004,352 1,192,586
1908 | 157,794 | 993,486 /1,151,342
Line
41,846
26,465
36,827
37,865
36,784
27,510
23,635
27,546
29,405
24,497
23,996
27,078
27,814
29,670
27,416
16,695
26,811
LING
Line |Trawl
131,457} 9,127
142,313} 7,992|2066|10,058] 28,575)102, 811
210,891)}15,470|1835)17,305} 40,850
WHITING
Trawl
120,929
Total
147,740
1847/10, 974) 35,797
. Ling, value £4, caught by net in 1907.
Tusk SAITHE
Total | Line g Total] Line | Trawl | Net} Total
BE eee
99,722} — | -—— | 8,727] — — | — {105,573
134,481} —- | — |11,483) — -- | — | 84,472
169,646] —- | — | 8,580) — — | — {121,962
180,089} — | — | 7.6244 — — | — {101,428
153.341] 5,886) —- | 5,886} 79,606) 1,664 — |} 81,270
191,842111,963] — |11,963} 79,761; 3,054] — | 82,815
170,428} 8,464) — | 8,4641101,492) 1,741) —- |103,233
164.792 10,404 — |10,404) 81,946) 1,499) — | 83,445
129,576}10, 294) —— |10,2941128,344| 1,787) — |130,131
25|160,090 8,136} -- | 8,1361 93,750) 4,271) —— | 98,021
111,634} 8,808) —— | 8,808}100.512| 7,142) —— |107,654
2/142,411}11,016) — {11,016} 91,711) 9,880) -— |101,591
156, 923}]10,021) —— |10,021) 71,860) 17,999} — | 89,859
157,164}14,619) —— |14,619} 54,701) 23,800) — | 78,501
118,414111,359} —— |11,359} 46,418] 31,163) -- | 77,581
92,670} 8,423/1453| 9,876) 44,553) 39,098) -- | 83,651
131,587}11,145]1366)12,5111 43,597] 51,236) — | 94,833
150, 937114,367|1813/16, 180} 49,144] 80,073} —— |129,217
73,727/5841/115,365
6527|137,913
94, 826|7873|143,549
ConcGER EELS
Line ae Total
oot) 1h 846
11,538} 80 | 11,618
14,798 | 63 | 14,861
13,878 | 135 | 14,013
14,249] 95 | 14,344
15,712 | 153 | 15,865
15,775 | 160 | 15,935
14,832] 61 | 14,893
15,339} 100 | 15,439
14,632! 81 | 14,713
16,031 | 126 | 16,157
11,583 | 404 | 11,987
9,180) 369 | 9,549
15,328} 250 | 15,578
17,831 | 594 | 18,425
14,885 | 320 | 15,299
17,195 | 603 | 17,824
25,744| 711 | 26,493
GURNARDS
Line /Trawl/| Total
1,671
Lizz
960
1,190
1,155
245 ewt. Haddock, value £229, caught by net in 1906.
29
198 Whiting,
} GaP ai@oneenhcles
”
by
”
”
”
£63, ” ” 1 907.
£26, 5 oy 1908.
£76, +5 3 1906.
£24, of $5 1907.
elGY eA 1906.
£57, re a 1907.
£82, 45 oA 1908.
166 Part III —Twenty-seventh Annual Report
CATFISH Monks HakeE ToraL Rounp FisH
Year | Line | Trawl] | Total | Trawl } Line | Trawl |Net| Total Line Trawl Net Total
NSSS jro= i} 2 at fe SS fe ue ES — 4 i5enbes
1889 | —-- -- -- —- -- — — | — — — — 1,612,153
1890 | — — — -- -- -- — | — — — — 1,592,382
1891 | — — — -- -- —- -—- | — -- — — 1,612,527
1892 | — == el == -- — — —}| —- 1,229,809 | 261,200 —— 1,491,009
1893 | — -- —- — = — |—} — 1,136,390 | 309,862 = 1,446,252
1894 | — -- —- -- -- a 1,250,066 347,828 —_ 1,597,892
1895 | — — -- -- -- — —] 1,343,009 | 434,129 — 1,777,138
1896 | —- — — — -- — — | — 1,449,259 | 444,250 — 1,893,509
1897 | — -- — — -- -- —} — 1,276,702 | 499,259 = 1,775,961
1898 | — — == — -— -- -—| — 926, 257 661,314 -- 1,587,571
1899 | — = = -- —- — —| — 810,224 | 816,410 = 1,626,634
1900 | — — = — -- a 650,005 891,975 — 1,541,981
1901 } — = = -- — — —}| — 572,802 | 1,093,730 — 1,666,532
1902 | — See a —- -- — —}| — 501,708 | 1,253,167 -- 1,754,875
1903 | —- — == — == — j|-]| — 511,787 | 1,342,586 — 1,854,323
1904 | 450 | 20,746 | 21,196} 11,305} 328 ‘24.896 | — | 25,224 628,898 | 1,520,949 -- 2,149,847
1905 | 383 | 17,943 | 18,3264113,488] 375 | 33,845 | —- | 34,220] 619,194 | 1,563,247 -- 2,182,441
1906 | 477 | 20,196 | 20,673} 14,920} 201 | 25,130| 44] 25,375} 585,503 | 1,683,335 | 15,580 | 2,284,368
1907 | 580 | 23,502 | 24,082 § 16,3879} 142 | 16,805 | 107 | 17,054 514,423 | 1,874,411 | 15,539 | 2,404,373
1908 | 758 | 20,527 | 21,2851 19,995 | 241 | 18,149 | 250) 18,640 639,333 | 1,910,038 | 31,613 | 2,580,984
TURBOT HaLipurT Lemon SOLES FLOUNDERS
Year | Line |Trawl| Net | Total} Line | Trawl | Total [Line | Trawl Line | Trawl| Net | Total
1888 | — -- —- | 5,424 — — | 20,197 — -- —— | *87,184
1889 | — — —— | 6,238 -- — | 21,094 -- — -- 74,270
1890 | — -- — | 5,554 — —— | 20,232 — -- -- 81,309
1891 -- —- — | 5,015 ae — | 19,165 -- -- — 78,776
1892 | 1,010 | 3,588) —— | 4,598 4 25,148 131 | 25,279 26,112 | 44,753 | — 70,865
1893 | 646] 3,494] — | 4,140} 30,708 556 | 31,264 25,551 | 49,950) — 75,501
1894 | 636/2,498) — | 3,134} 30,82 644 | 31,471 30,130 | 51,049 | — 81,179.
1895 510 | 3,054) —— | 3,564} 28,118 833 | 28,951 27,825 | 51,909| — 79,734
1896 | 6541/1 4,737 | -- | 5,391 | 32,289 839 | 33,128 25,012 | 59,882 | — 84,894
1897 | 653) 4,327) —— | 4,980} 28,839} 1,278 | 30,117 24,985 | 45,726| — 70,711
1898 | 639) 5,588} — | 6,227} 23,033) 1,520 | 24,553 24,667 | 48,458 | — 73,125
1899 968 | 5,988 | —— | 6,956 f 20,033 | 2,746 | 22,779 26,854 | 65,563 | — 92,417
1900 | 547) 5,024} —— | 5,571} 20,830] 4,853 | 25,683 23,888 | 78,333 | -- | 102,221
1901 442 15,081] — | 5,523] 29,464 | 6,665 | 36,129 24,594 | 97,605} — | 122,199
1902 | 275|5,385| -- | 5,660} 22,077 | 6,706 | 28,783 23,856 | 81,796) -- | 105,652
1903 303 | 8,692 | — | 8,995} 21,493 | 7,399 | 28,892 22,386 | 89,271} -- | 111,657
1904 | 353) 6,539) — | 6,892 } 30,744 | 10,641 | 41,385 14,738] 7,165) —— 21,903
1905 | 235|6,240| —— | 6,475 | 24,493 | 11,070 | 35,563 11,268} 6,038} -- 17,306
1906 131 | 5,465 | 103 | 5,699 } 23,991 | 12,695 | 36,686 7,402| 5,569] 1,982} 14,953
1907 | 258|6,103| 93 | 6,454 27,906 | 13,199 | 41,105 9,836 | 3,266] 1,606} 14,708
1908 159 | 5,961} 89 | 6,209} 43,089 | 9,340 | 52,429 9,720] 2,007 | 2,037} 13,764
* Includes Plaice and Brill to 1904.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
16
7
n g
B S|
PLAICE Dazs 3 a Toran Friar Fis
= |
= =
— a T= —
= = A = S = qo Z S
1888} — —-— |— —- |}; —- -- — | — 125,474
1889} — —_— | — — | — -- — | —- {116,094
1890) — — | —- — | — —— | — {123,746
1891; — — |—- — | — — -—— | — {120,696
1892} — — | — —-|— — 52,464) 71,629) — 124,093
1893; — — - | — -- 7,149) 71,025} -- |128,174
1894; — — | - — | —- 61,784) 71,882) -- |133,666
1895} — = | —— | -- — 6,672) 74,927; — |131,599
1896) -- — | — — | — -~ 8,166) 83,856 142,022
1897} -- — | — —-) = -- 54,641) 64,374) —— |119,015
1898) — — | - — | — -- 48,601) 73,052) —- |121,653
1899} — — |— —|—- — 47,931) 97,251) -- |145,182
1900) — —- |— — | — -- 5,358|108, 739) -- |154,097
1901; — — | —- — | —- -- 77|131,735| —- |186,312
1902) — —- | -- — | = —- »877|118, 989} — |165,366
1903) -- -- -- 44,412)131,743) — |176,155
1904/13,305|53, 174 —- 444g] 6, 828 23, 903 10,331461,836)143,931| — |205,767
1905 10, 842/45, 407 4,403 6, 62122, 65711, 660 49, 240 139,157} — |188,397
1906 7,361 48,951 2,518 5 3,802 6,478 16, 707410, 708}41, 713]137,496)4, 718|183, 927
1907| 8, 266/43, 387|3,047|5 6,226] 8,998]17,569}13, 236149, 215|136,502|4, 828)190,545
1908)10, 403)37, 121/1,888)¢ 7,247 10, 503419, 908 12,753 66, 913 128,843/4, 159}199,915
7 ewt. of Brill, value £9, caught by net in 1906
oe ” taf ee LOs ess .
Onis > nee peel hes rr) 1908.
TS 7% Dabsyaes, ed, oh i 1906.
by LO: 1908.
10", Witches, value £5, caught by line in 1904 (included in trawl).
4 ,, 5s as £4, landed by net in 1906 ( - sr ).
| SKATES AND Rays UNCLASSIFIED KINDS GrRanp TotTat Waits FisH
' | |
Year Line | Trawl |Net| Total | Line | Trawl; Net | Total | Line Trawl | Net Total
1888 — — |— 59,089 -- —- — | 104,414 — | — | —- [4,633,556
1889 — — |— 50.087 — — -- 87,363 -- —- -- {5,589,237
1890 — — |—) 58,764 - a — 98,971 -- —- | —— |5,864,488
1891; — — |-— 47,076 -- —- —— | 106,937 -- — |5,433,754
1892 | 47,764| 6,020} — | 53,784] 57,809 | 41,256 | 3,415 | 102,480 j1, 387,¢ 847 | 380,105 |3,668,186 |5,436, 138
1893 | 52,626 | 5,383} — | 58,009 | 46,461 | 39,418 | 3,517 | 89,396 i 292, 626 | 425,688 4,489,704 |6,208,018
1894 | 43,461 | 5,778 | 49,239 } 32,149 | 22,882 | 1,316 | 56,347 1,387,461 | 448, 369 |4,352,945 |6,188,775
1895 | 54,338} 4,908 | 59,246 | 25,632 | 17,731 | 3,330 | 46,693 }1,479, 654 | 531,695 |4,095,695 |6, 107,044
1896 | 54,9386} 6,796} — 61,732 26, 842 | 19,841 | —— 46,683 1,589,204 | 554,743 |4,002,791 |6,146,738
1897 | 58,316} 7,485) -—— | 65,751 26, 578 | 22,277 | — 48,855 $1,416,237 , 593,345 |2,992,090 |5,001,672
1898 | 62,954 | 11,223} — | 74,177 21,181 37,847 | 101] 59,129 71,058,993 783,437 |4,715,338 |6,557, 768
1899 | 66,430 | 16,784; — | 83,214] 14,777 | 53,368 — 68,145} 939,362 983,818 |3,221,901 |5,145,076
1900 | 51,677 | 20,811 | — | 72,488 | 10,376 | 55,557 | -- 65,933 | 757,416 1,077,082 |3,534,767 |5,369,265
1901 | 56,193 | 25,639 | — | 81,832] 12,447 | 77,744| — 90,191 | 696,019 '1,328,848 |4,360,303 |6,385,170
1902 | 50,870 | 27,364| — 78,234] 9,795 | 68,310} — 78,105 | 608,750 '1,467,830 |4,789,448 |6,866,028
1903 | 37,647 | 33,342 | — | 70,989 8, 807 | 58,699 | —- 67,506 } 602,603 (1, 566,370 |4,349,835 |6,518,808
1904 | 58,375 | 36,778 | — | 95,153] 4,631} 1,910) —- 6,541 | 753,740 11,703, 568 |5,488, 456 7,945. 764
1905 | 61,801 | 38,315 | —— | 100,116} 5,419] 2,719; — 8,138 | 735,654 |1,743,438 |5,375,225 |7,854.317
1906 | 55,661 | 41,178 536 | 97,875] 5,180} 3,530 11} 8,721} 688,057 il, 867,759 |5,034,795 |7,590,611
1907 | 48,537 | 40,340 |624 | 89,501} 2,435) 7,207 5| 9,647] 614,869 2,076,825 |6,383,489 9,075,183
1908 80, 189 | 43,962 |157 | 124,308} 2,320] 7,965) —- 10,285 | 788,952 2.111, 859 |5, 742,838 |8, 643,649
168 Part III—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
TABLE II.—VALUE OF FISH LANDED (IN #’s).
1.—East Coust.
z n
HERRINGS = 8 c MACKEREL ToraL PELaGic FisH
Bo lon
Year |Trawl| Net Total §| Net | Net | Line |Trawl| Net | Total] Line |Trawl| Net Total
1888 a —- -- -- -- -- — — — —- — — --
1889 | — — 485,539} 2594 —— — = -- 284 -- -- — 485,826
1890 | -- — 493,859 11,070} —- — == — 228) — -- — 495,157
1891 -- —_ 572,851 303} 1,116, —- -- —- 280} — -- -- 574,550
1892 -= | 510,494} 510,494 845 871} —- — 44 444 —— -- 512,254 | 512,254
1893 -- 549,959 | 549,959 } 4,393} 11,4449 — -- 62 624 —- -- 555,858 | 555,858
1894 | — 478,101 | 478,101 41,173 41,317} — — 162} 1624) — = 480,753 | 480,753
1895 -- 625,574 | 625,574 | 2,756 989- —- — 210 2107 — -- 629,529 | 629,529
1896 | —- 426,372 | 426,372}3,771 11,6107 -- — 390| 390) — — 432,143 | 432,143
1897 -- 430,574 | 430,574 2,186 41,612} —- ao 674 6744 — — 435,046 | 435,046
1898 | — 588,086 | 588,086] 429% 823 — -- 5b2| 552] —- —_ 589,890 | 589,890
1899 or S| 625,693 | 625,693 41,696 {1,159— —- -—— |1,564)1,564) —— -- 630,112 | 630,112
1900 | -- | 662,191} 662,191 41,8764 914} — —— |2,996|2,9964 — = 667,977 | 667,977
1901 | — 499,509 | 499,509 4,488 41,163] — —- | 2,425) 2,425, — -- 507,585 | 507,585
1902 | -- , 773,631) 773,631}4,935} 7664 —- -- 578| 578) — -- 779,910 | 779,910
1903 | -- , 684,817] 684,81716,079} 557) — — 443} 4434 — -- 691,896 | 691,896
1904 | — | 491,572) 491,572]3,776] 770} -- -- 874| 874} —— -- 496,992 | 496,992
1905 | — | 542,519} 542,519]2,840} 757) — —— |1,598/1,598} — — 547,714) 547,714
1906 | 239) 810,501) 810,740}1,994) 4114 — 664 | 1,261}1,925} — 903 | 814,167 | 815,070
1907 | 1,732 |1,029,133 |1,030,865 } 8,602} 606} 34 387 | 1,019} 1,440) 34 | 2,119 |1,039,360 |1,041,513
1908 | 1,684 | 538,071 | 539,755} 2,287] 372} 60 195 | 1,320|)1,575{ 60 | 1,879] 542.050} 543,989
Cop and CoDLING Line TUSK SAITHE
Year| Line | Trawl | Net | Total | Line | Trawl | Total | Line |Trawl| Total} Line | Trawl | Total
1888 -- oe -- -- -- -- — -- — — =5 = =
1889 -- -- —— | 121,545 -- — | 15,208, —- ~ 138, — — 4,262
1890 — -- — | 113,670 = —- |17,4324 -- — 212) — — 5,486
1891 — — —- | 133,755 -= — |18,7864 — — 1544 -- -- | 5,556
1892 | 106,504) 19,844! — | 126,348918,021| 1,221|19,242} 201) —- 201 # 4,439 656 | 5,095
1893 | 89,775] 24,792) -- | 114,567]16,524) 2,052)18,5761 489) -- 489 44,172} 1,015) 5,187
1894 | 95,670) 27,030} -- | 122,7009§15,077| 1,571| 16,648} 325] -- 325 | 4,918 285 | 5,203
1895 | 100,955) 32,771| -- | 133,726}14,968} 1,601|16,569} 370) — 370 f 3,162 196 | 3,358
1896 | 108,189) 86,123) -- | 144,3124113,854| 2,210|16,064} 419) — 419 | 4,161 153 | 4,314
1897 | 116,657 | 43,577} -— | 160,234915,697| 1,926|17,623] 525; — 525 # 3,498 365 | 3.863
1898 | 121,679| 59,603} -—— | 181,28214,682| 3,897|18,5791 549) -- 549 | 4,777 746 | 5,523
1899 | 115,735 | 77,612) -- | 193,847118,256| 7,989 | 26,245] 751| -- 751 | 4,483 | 1,276] 5,759
1900 | 84,049} 90,254) -- | 174,803417,001 | 11,786 | 28,787 }1,163} -- | 1,16343,953) 2,336] 6,289
1901 | 80,368 | 102,327) -- | 182,695] 16,714 | 14,529 | 31,24371,513| —— | 1,51892,404) 3,114] 5,518
1902 | 79,731] 114,610} -- | 194,341 } 17,948 | 18,103 | 31,051] 2,019| -- | 2,01942,738| 4,862) 7,600
1903 | 70,799 | 134,177| -- | 204,976 4 12,662 | 13,283 | 25,94511,897| 387 | 1,784]2,105| 7,168} 9,273
1904 | 73,060 | 153,432) -- | 226,492 119,104 | 12,316 | 31,42011,705| 325 | 2,080] 2,215 | 8,810 | 11,025
1905 | 80,101 | 179,756] — | 259,857 } 20,260 | 15,629 | 35,889 12,198 | 445 | 2,643 | 2,461 | 14,726 | 17,187
1906 | 73,135 | 202,163 | 1,874 | 277,172 | 17,268 | 16,916 | 34,184 11,7382] 500 | 2,232} 2,144 | 14,708 | 16,852
1907 | 69,904 | 211,856 | 1,577 | 283,337 1 15,751 | 21,833 | 37,58411,608| 549 | 2,157 | 1,443 | 20,373 | 21,816
1908 | 66,120 | 217,719 | 4,650 | 288,489 } 25,373 | 19,291 | 44,664} 2,730| 466 | 3.196 } 2,979 | 14,868 | 17,849
ee
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 169
Happock WHITING CoNGER HEELS GURNARDS
Year| Line | Trawl | Total | Line | Trawl| Total } Line jrrem Total? Line |Trawl | Total
1888 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- =~ -- -- -~ —
1889 — -- 311,062 — — 18,325] —- —-— |2,222q — -- --
1890 — -s 348,647 -- —_ 26,3142 — —— |1,497) — -- -—
1891 — -- 356,162} —- — |246084) —- —— |1,264§ -- -- --
1892 | 249,694 | 117,845 | 367,539 15,123) 3,423] 18,54671,510} 53 |1,563§ —- a --
1893 | 221,262 | 146,113 | 367,375 | 11,749 | 4,260] 16,009] 1,483} 22 |1,505} -- -- —
1894 | 217,182 | 134,094 | 351,276} 10,829 | 3,018 13,847}1,921| 55 |1,976§ —- — -~
1895 | 248,272 | 136,727 | 384,999{ 10,361] 2,616 | 12,97741,723) 53 |1,776) —— -- -~
1896 | 260,637 | 136,574 | 397,211] 10,778 | 2,099 | 12,877] 2,164] 46 |2,210% —- — —
1897 | 236,377 | 177,180 | 413,557 | 10,325 | 4,456 | 14,781} 2,408) 35 |2,443% — -- --
1898 | 158.597 | 251,184 | 409,781 | 10,541 | 6,927 | 17,468}2,349| 30 |2,379— —- -- --
1899 | 132,858 | 327,272 | 460,125 | 11,436 | 12,167 | 23,603} 2,097} 53 |2,150% — -- --
1900 | 99,255 | 384,992 | 484,247 } 10,131 | 18,447 | 28,578] 2,233) 47 |2,2807 — -- --
1901 | 71,964 | 437,545 | 509,509} 9,012 | 29,740 | 38,752 41,631) 66 |1,697— —- -- -
1902 72,360 | 427,895 | 500,255) 6,898 | 34,521 | 41,419} 1,168] 374 | 1,54 —- -- --
1903 | 87,566 | 385,869 | 473,435} 7,773 | 29,954 | 37,727] 1,079 | 173 |1,252— — — -
1904 | 87,902 | 386,033 | 473,935} 9,296 | 31,105 | 40,4014 1,237) 96 |1,3338f 40 | 1,101 | 1,141
1905 | 74,056 | 432,770 | 506,826 } 11,982 | 52,458 | 64,440] 1,519 | 149 |1,668% 39 | 1,245 | 1,284
1906 | 90,441 | 409,128 | 499,698 } 10,857 | 42,282 | 53,183 71,463) 88 |1,551% 41 | 1,041 | 1,082
1907 | 83,201 | 423,413 | 506,617] 6,689 | 42,784 | 49,4734 1,371 | 132 | 1,559 16 | 1,016 | 1,032
1908 | 63,171 | 480,851 | 494,022 7 9,011 | 41,908 | 50,919 4 1,586 ; 193 | 1,861 17 668 685
CaTFISH Monks Hake Torat RounD FisH
Year | Line | Trawl | Total | Trawl | Line | Trawl | Total Line Trawl |. Net Total
1888 | — _ — = = == — —_ = — =
1889} — | — —- | —- | - | — -- — = — | 472,762
1890} — | — - |—-| — -- — — —— | 513,258
1891 | — — == -— -- — — as — | 540,285
1892 | — = = == -— — -- 395,493 | 143,041 -- 538,534
1893 | — -- — = -— -- —- 345,454 | 178,254 | — 523,708
1894 | -- — — -— — — -- 345,922 | 166,053 | -- | 511,975
1895 | — — = == -— -- -- 379,811 | 173,964 | —— | 553,775
1896 |} — — — — -- -- -- 400,202 | 177,205 | -—- 577,407
1897 | — = == == -— -- -- 385,487 | 227,589 | — 613,026
1898 | — -- — -—- —- -- -- 313,174 | 322,387 | — | 635,561
1899 = = = — == -- 285,611 | 426,369 -- 711,980
1900 | — —- | — — — -- - 217,785 | 507,862 | — 725,647
1901 |} — Seb = -- -- -- on 183,606 | 587,321 | -- | 770,927
1902 — = Fi — — —= -- 182,862 | 595,365 -- 778,227
1903 = =) == == = — -- 183,381 | 571,011 -- 754,392
1904 | 180 | 5,727 | 5,907 | 1,710 74 | 11,635] 11,709} 194,813 | 612,290 | -—- | 807,103
1905 | 113 | 4,874 | 4,987 | 2,599 | 102 | 16,156 | 16,258} 192,831 | 720,807 | -- | 913,638
1906 | 219 | 5,929 | 6,148 | 2,766 | 74 | 15,960 | 16,034} 197,374 | 711,481 | 2,047 | 910,902
1907 | 263 | 6,502 | 6,765 ( 2,553] 41 | 9.498] 9,539 180,287 | 740,509 | 1,636| 922,432
1908 | 328 | 4,861 | 5,189 f 2,454 | 110 | 11,543 | 11,653} 171,425 | 744,822 | 4,734 | 920,981
170 Part [II.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
TURBOT HALiIsur LEMON SOLES FLOUNDERS
|
Year |Line| Trawl | Total | Line | Trawl | Total jLine| Trawl | Net | Total | Line | Trawl | Net | Total
1888 | — -- — -- -- -- —| — -- -- -- -- — --
1889 | — —— | 19,621 ~- —— {11,480 —) — —- | 19,820 = = = 43,382
1890 | — — | 17,610 seo) == jleets |) = == —— | 27,017 -- -- — 58,843
1891 | — —- | 16,561 —— | — |11,6537 — -- —— | 29,982 — — -- 58,321
1892 | 541 | 13,094 | 13,635 | 22,387 221 | 22,608 | 161 | 36,766} —— | 36,927] 9,003) 43,145) — 52,148
1893 | 391 | 12,382 | 12,773 | 20,227 541 | 20,768 #226 | 28,316} — | 28,542} 9,097 | 45,070) — 54,167
1894 | 477 | 8,892] 9,369 | 24,602 759 | 25,361 } 243 | 30,075} -- 30,38189711,140} 47,501) — 58,641
1895 | 203 | 11,144 | 11,347126,198 | 1,200 | 27,3898} 168 | 37,267| -— | 37,435] 9,656) 57,822) —— 67,478
1896 |°306 14, 082 | 14,388 32 874 1,022 | 33,896 1 119 | 37,457 | -— | 37,576 { 6,787 | 66,302} — 73,089
. 1897 | 236 | 13,532 | 13,768 34,802 1,677 | 36,479] 110 | 31,474| -—— | 31,584] 8,284] 56,531) — 64,815
1898 | 160 | 16,108 | 16,268 { 27,855 | 2,291 | 30,146} 125 | 36,644} —— | 36,769} 9,532} 59,660) — 69,192
1899 | 335 | 18,155 | 18,490 25, 606} 4,406 | 30,012} 85 | 46,802} —-- | 46,887]13,057| 79,531} — 92,588
1900 | 121 | 17,537 | 17,658 | 28,946 | 8,983 | 37,9291 50 | 41,396 | — | 41,446} 12,027 | 89,851} — | 101,878
1901 | 186 | 19,331 | 19,517 4 41,586 | 12,411 | 53,997} 76 | 47,909! —- | 47,985 } 12,187 | 112,992 | —— | 125,179
1902 | 136 | 19,313 | 19,449 33,328 11,230 | 44,558} 118 | 49,143; — | 49,261 111,315 | 100,062} — | 111,377
1903 | 35 | 31,658 | 31,693 # 35,068 | 12,809 | 47,877 | 262 | 53,214) — | 53,476 § 10,302 | 124,106 | —— | 134,408
1904 | 82 | 22° 882 | 22,964 | 41.620 | 17,523 | 59,143 | 281 | 49,515 | —— | 49,796] 5,571 6,003 | —- 11,574
1905 | 13 20, 854. | 20,867 | 37,097 | 18,192 | 55,289 } 301 | 55,010) — | 55,311] 4,193 5,274] —- 9,467
1906 | 17 | 17,865 | 17,882 41,183 22,046 | 63,229 } 261 | 65,172 | 247 | 65,680 2,521 5,279 | 1,368 9,168
1907 | 48 | 20,293 | 20,336 | 48,348 | 22,969 | 71,317 | 225 | 68,088 | 247 | 68,560] 3,792 3,157} 845 7,794
1908 | 17 | 21,331 | 21,348 | 69,169 | 16,614 | 85,783 | 243 | 69,297 | 424 69. 964} 4,098 2,069| 525] 6,692
wn Nn
= si
PLAICE 8 Dass S ie Totau Frat Fish
= = a
AQ = =
Year! Line | Trawl!| Net | Total |Trawl} Line |Trawl] Total | Trawl | Trawl} Line | Trawl | Net] Total
1888 -- -- == — — — — — — — — = _ -
1889 -- -- — -- - _ a -- —- — _ — | 94,303
1890 -- -- -- -- -- -- == —- -- -—- -- -— —— | 116,847
1891 -- -- -- -- -_ = = -- — -- -- — — | 116,517
1892 -- -- -- — -- -- -— -—- -- -— | 32,093] 93.225] -- | 125,318
1893 —- -- -- — —- -- -— =~ -- —- | 29,941] 86,309} —- | 116,250
1894. -- -- -- -- -—- -- — — -- —— | 36,462] 87,227 | — | 123,689
1895 -- —- — —- a -- -- -- -- -- | 36,225 | 107,433 | — | 143,658
1896 -- -- -- — -- -- -- -~ -- —- 440,086 | 118,863 | — | 158,949
1897 -- -- - -- -- -—- — -- -- —— | 43,432 | 103,214 | —- | 146,646
1898 -- -- -- -- -- -- =- —- -- —— {| 37,672 | 114,703 | — | 152,375
1899 -- -- = -- -- — — -- -- -— | 39,083 | 148,894 | — | 187,977
1900 -- -- -- — -- -- -- -— -- —— | 41,144 | 157,767 | — | 198,911
1901 -- -- -- me = -- -- -- -- —— 154,035 | 192,643 | -- | 246,678
1902 -- -- -- — -- -- -- -- -- -- {44,897 | 179,748 | — | 224,645
1903 -- -- -- -- — — = — —_ —— | 45,667 | 221,787 | -- | 267,454
1904 | 6,951 | 75,822] — | 82,773]1,997} 979) 1,577} 2,556 24,971] 9,359 | 55,492 | 209,641 | — | 265,133
1905 4, 721 67, 110} —— | 71,83191,569] 936]1,613}| 2,549 | 22,421 | 10,491 | 47,261 | 202,534 | —— | 249,795
1906 4, 425 70,494 1,034 | 75,953 | 1,654 | 1,270 | 1,354 | 2,629 | 23,840 } 10,364 | 49,677 | 218,068 |2654| 270,399
1907 5 695 | 64,095 836 70,626 } 1,393 | 1,403 | 1,679 | 3,082 | 21,571 } 12,266 | 59,506 | 215,511 |1928) 276,945
1998 | 7 274 56,548 74 | 63,896 } 1,288 ] 1,555 | 2,185 | 3,746 } 20,115 } 11,249 | 82,367 | 200,685 |1029) 284,081
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Wee
SKATES AND Rays UNCLASSTFIED GRAND TOTAL
Year| Line | Trawl| Net | Total | Line | Trawl| Net | Total | Line Trawl Net Total
1888 | — SS) — = == — -- -- -- --
1889 es -- -- 7,380 -- — | 13,4386 -- -- — 1,073, 707
1890 | — = -- 8,745 -- -—-— | 17,696 — — — 1,151,703
1891 — —_ -- 9,394} — -- —- | 18,751 — -- — 1,259,497
1892 | 8,438) 1,267 | — 9,706 | 11,689 | 9,411} 760 | 21,860 | 447,714 | 246,944 | 513,014 | 1,207,672
1893 | 8,233} 1,012, — 9,245 | 8,641| 9,215} 616 | 18,472 | 392,269 | 274,790| 556,474 | 1,223,538
1894 | 8,189} 1,028 | —- 9,217] 6,278 | 5,557) 319 | 12,154 | 396,851 | 259,865 | 481,072 | 1,137,788
1895 ; 8,219} 1,087 | — 9,306 | 4,415) 4,025) —- 8,440 | 428,670 | 286,509 | 629,529 | 1,344,708
1896 | 10,722 | 1,435 | — | 12,157] 3,855! 5,280); — 9,135 | 454,865 | 302,783 | 432,143 | 1,189,791
1897 | 13,176) 1,549 | — | 14,7254 3,631) 5,694) — 9,325 | 445,726 | 337,996 | 485,046 | 1,218,768
1898 | 12,949 | 2,307 | — | 15,256] 2,721) 9,881] -- | 12,602 | 366,516 | 449,278 | 589,890 | 1,405,684
1899 | 12,157 | 3,958 | —- | 16,1154 1,746 | 15,019) -- | 16,765 | 338,597 | 594,240} 630,112 | 1,562,949
1900 | 10,565} 5,994 | —— | 16,5599 1,425 | 23,034) -— | 24,459 | 270,919 | 694,657 | 667,977 | 1,633,553
1901 | 10,357 | 6,822 | — | 17,179 § 1,249 | 28,273| -- | 29,522 | 249,247 | 815,059 507,585 | 1,571,891
1902 | 10,743 | 6,466 | — | 17,209 § 1,108 | 23,771! -- | 24,879 | 239,610 | 805,350] 779,910 | 1,824,870
1903-| 9,139] 7,775 | — | 16,914 937 | 18,898 | -- | 19,835 } 239,124 | 819,471) 691,896 | 1,750,491
1904 | 11,892} 8,242 | —— | 20,134 262 435 | — 697 | 262,459 | 830,608 | 496,992 | 1,590,059
1905 { 12,160) 8,782 | -— | 20,942 150 472| — 622 | 252,402 | 932,595 | 547,714 | 1,732,711
1906 | 12,129) 9,997 | 102 | 22,228 45 694. 8 747 } 259,225 | 941,143} 818,978 | 2,019,346
1907 11,212} 9,761 | 40 | 21,013 29; 1,002 5 | 1,036 } 251,068 | 968,902 | 1,042,969 | 2,262,939
1908 | 12,183} 9,106 | 18 | 21,307 81} 1,537) — 1,618 § 266,116 | 958,029} 547,831 | 1,771,976
2.—Orkney and Shetland.
eee: 2
og ce
| e e ire Cop AnD CoDLING Line | Tusk SAITHE
| it S PELAGIC
FisH
Year|; Net | Net Line | Trawl] | Total | Line | Line } Line /Trawl| Total
1888 -- -- -- -- -- — -- -- -- -- -—
1889 | 39,844} 30] 39,874 — — | 30,431} 14,471} 1,354 — —— | 2,844
1890 | 68,230) — } 68,230 -- — | 24,529111,392] 858) — —- | 4,258
1891 | 75,924 4] 75,928 — —— | 36,1382}13,031] 852] -- —— | 2,357
1892 | 31,765] -—- | 31,765} 26,858 — | 26,858] 5,391] 565]2,332) -- | 2,332
1893 | 69,013] ——] 69,013 122,762 —— | 22,762] 11,897 } 1,136 } 2,554, — | 2,554
1894 | 124,140 2 | 124,142 § 21,515 | 1,603 | 23,118} 11,535] 934}4,322| — | 4,322
1895 | 118,742] -—— | 118,742 § 17,797 74 | 17,87 9,234] 879}2,378| — | 2,378
1896 | 103,215} 19 | 103,234 § 28,674 914 | 29,588} 8,688} 834]}2,853' — | 2,853
1897 | 116,502} 35 | 116,537 7 23,496 | 1,268 | 24,764] 6,694] 58271,110' — | 1,110
1898 | 146,979] 10 | 146,989 | 15,449 — | 15,449] 5,091] 55041,3880, — | 1,380
1899 | 263,135 | 104 | 263,239) 9,811} 3,503] 13,314] 7,857] 918}2,098 -- | 2,098
1900 : 315,763 | 102 § 315,865 | 12,690 | 4,408] 17,098 7,703} 738]1,890 65 | 1,955
1901 | 330,002} 41 | 330,043 711,416 | 5,543 | 16,959] 5,973] 91971,999, 19 | 2,018
1902 | 316,498 | 22 | 316,520] 10,217 | 6,879] 17,096} 2,558} 418]1,560 — | 1,560
1903 | 307,833] 11 | 307,844 410,862 | 6,962|17,824) 1,603} 321])1,801 — / 1,801
1904 | 346.8174 15 | 346,882 418,346, 6,369 | 24,715] 1,030} 218]1,433, — | 1,433
1905 | 608,789} 23 | 608,812 § 16,278 7,779 | 24,057] 2,539] 53491,816 | 230 | 2,046
1906 | 641,490 | 106 | 641,596 } 17,263 | 10,916 | 28,179] 1,049} 258] 790 | 62 852
1907 | 586,552} 10 | 586,562 417,811! 7,400 | 25,211 465] 203 391 | 104 495
1908 | 415,764] 20 | 415,784 | 20,983 | 6,111 | 27,094] 2,668] 527] 731) 69 800
172 Part L11.——Twenty-seventh Annual Report
D n
EB Biha
D nas Sh
jan] es] nn cw a 1)
3 A fat. Tota, Round Fise | 5] 2 [2] & -Happocks
A] 2 els Pe, eye] 8
fe) < = < ie
|e | o jolla BA ads
Year| Line} Line }/LinelLine} Line | Trawl} Total |Line] Line Line] Line} Line |Trawl} Total
1888 | — Soe pS = == == i = == -- —
1889 29 19 |} — | — —— — 57,381 | 3 §5,019 423 -- —- 8,233
1890 15 97 f —] —- — -- 48,896 | 33 | 3,662 72 -— —_ 7,752
1891 | — 96 | — | -- -- —_ 58,075 | 36 | 3,740 98 — — 5,607
1892 5 20 | — | — ] 46,670 -- 46,670 | 17 | 2.509 110 $11,499! -- | 11,499
1893 1 31 | — | — 7 46,523 — 46,523 | —— 15,019 52) 8,642; — 8,642
1894 8 10 | -—- | —_] 45,854] 1,603) 47,457} 1 | 4,603 56 | 7,580; — 7,530
1895 2 6 | — | — } 40,995 74| 41,069 | — 43,309 26 | 10,699} — | 10,699
1896 27 15 |} -— | —— | 48,995 989| 49,984} 3 § 2,624 113 } 7,904 75.| 7,979
1897 34 81—#—] 40,681] 1,323) 42,004] 1 42,044 181 | 8,757 55 | 8,812
1898 | 38 6 30,480| — | 30,480] — } 1,566 821 7.966| — | 7,966
1899 86 17 | — } —{ 30,904] 3,503) 34,407] 3 141,617 122 110,117| -—- | 10,117
1900 | 141 5|—|—] 34,862| 4,787| 39,649] 63 | 1,721 132 | 11,824] 185 | 12,009
1801 uit 7¢ -- - —— 7 32,681) 5,754} 38,4854 4 41,899 112 | 12,410 39 | 12,449
1902 159 ae —- | — | 24,225] 6,879| 81,1049 2 889 153 | 9,313) -- 9,313
1903 52 -- —— f| — | 25,771] 6,962| 32,733} — 591 195 711,122; — | 11,122
1904 125 1 3 f — } 33,332] 6,369] 39,701} 1 938 197 $12,176) -- | 12,176
1905 | 141 3] 2] 9] 33,058) 8,079) 41,1387 9 11 | 1,324 131 § 11,736 70 | 11,806
1906 204 1 1 1 j 29,348] 11,013; 40,3614 3 91,176 89 } 9,737 29 | 9,766
1907 | 4504 — § —#— 17 30,718] 7,504] 38,222, 24 422 88 | 11,398} -- | 11,398
1908 378 -—- 4 44 34.332] 6,448} 40,780} — 1,241 36 | 9,305; — 9,305
{
a A 1 a
5 2 em ee let Tora, WuiTe FisH
Boles [eae ee
ee A i Df
Year| Zine} Line} Line } Line | Line Line | Trawl Net Total
1888 -- -- — — -- -- -- -- -—
1889 | — — | 5,445 }1,242] 947 -- -- -- 104,889
1890; — — | 3,777] 782 29 == —- =-- 122,204
1891 | — — | 3,874] 5264 712 == — = 138,485
1892 -- -- 7 2,636 496 321 50,123 -- - 31,765 81,888
1893 | — — | 5,071] 455] 459 | 52,354 -- 69,167 121,521
1894 | — — {| 4,660} 406] 386 | 51,306} 1,603] 124,142 177,051
1895 | -- — | 3,335 | 490} 356 | 44,970 74| 118,948 163,992
1896 | — — | 2,740} 262] 517 52,514. 989 | 103.234 156, 737
1897 | — — | 2,226 1 276) 615 | 43,798 | 1,323) 116,537 161,658
1898 —- -- 1,648 297 508 32,933 -- 146,989 179,922
1899 -- -- 1,742 378 470 383,496 | 3,503 | 263,239 300,238
1900 = — 1,939 332 338 37,328 | 4,930] 315,865 358,123
1901 == = 2,016 Slot 514] 8b:580") 15,754, 830;043 371,327
1902 | -- == 1,044 | 254] 343 | 25,866 | 6,879! 316,520 349,265
1903 | -- — 788 | 140} 376 | 27,065} 6,962: 307,844 341,871
1904 | 17 56 1,214 | 253] 187 | 34,986 6,369} 346,832 388,187
1905 13 48 1.529 265 154 35,006 | 8,079 | 608,812 651,897
1906 30 23 1,323 186 184 31,041 | 11,013 | 641,596 683,650
1907 29 59 600 113 56 31,487 | 7,504} 586,562 625,553
1908 33 66 1,377 357 35 36,095 | 6,454] 415,784 458,333
— ee
pi tt ee Ni eta ee
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Lis
3.—West Coast.
o =)
Z I
HERRING iS iS Torat Prtacic FisH
= q
RQ =
Year| Trawl Net Total Net Trawl Net Total
1888 —- -- = = ae ae pee
1889 = -—- 191,062 3822 -- -— 191,388
1890 -- —- 264,983 297 -- -- 265,280
1891 -—- — 275,609 1,168 — —- 276,914
1892 — 213,877 213,877 1,571 — 215,624 215,624
1893 -- 187,345 187,345 2,182 — 189,663 189,663
1894 -- 168,270 168,270 1,166 —- 169,518 169,518
1895 —_ 174,607 174,607 889 —- 175,632 175,632
1896 -- 144,100 144,100 2,022 -- 146,300 146,300
1897 — 160,479 160,479 1,844 — 162,484 162,484
1898 — 217,337 217,337 1,817 — 219,563 219,563
1899 -- 254,468 254,468 1,633 —- 256,472 256,472
1900 — 265, 453 265,453 1,927 — 267,552 267,552
1901 — 231,523 231,523 1,951 — 233,763 238,763
1902 -- 270,363 270,363 2,527 -—- 273,150 273,150
1903 — 252,006 252,006 3,465 — 255,660 255,660
1904 — 179,152 179,152 4,951 -- 184,336 184,336
1905 — 191,772 191,772 3,929 — 195,895 195,895
1906 365 196,568 196,933 7,451 365 204,147 204,512
1907 5,354 193,489 198,843 7,948 5, 354 201,411 206,865
1908 6,789 189,336 196,125 5,048 6,800 194,487 201,338
Cop AND CoDLING SAITHE
Year| Line | Trawl Net | Trawl Net Total
1888 — — -—- | — — —
1889 — —- -- | — — 4,881
1890 -—- -- coer — -- 5,147
1891 — -- — | 18,724 — — 5,305
1892 | 18,353 4 a IS 33597) 1 — 3,675
1893 | 18,517 12 — — — 4,070
1894 | 15,620 225 -— — — 2,930
1895 | 15,505 45 — = — 3,777
1896 | 17,145 104 -- 28 -- 5,284
1897 | 16,470 55 — 33 -- 4,990
1898 | 19,795 90 — 35 -- 4,743
1899 | 16,942 ill — — — 4,565
1900 | 14,476 81 — 3 -- 3,364
1901 | 13,229 8 — — -- 3,104
1902 | 11,066 -- — — 3,506
1903 9,592 740 — 4 -- —_ 3,932
1904 | 15,553 -- -- -- 3,943
1905 | 14,427 250 — 1 — 3,914
1906 | 14,055 52 2,655 | 31 1,257 | 5,029
1907 | 12,376 | 1,006 2,413 799 1,385 | 6,056
1908 | 12,772 881 3,675 497 1,396 | 5,547
174
Part III—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
Happocx WHITING
Trawl| Net | Total | Line |Trawl) Total
O20 iia see wens 139
-- — | 13,853 -- — 4,511
— — | 13,788 — — | 4,881
15 | — | 15,239} 7,066 | —- 7,066
9} -- | 11,4304 4,703 | —- | 4,703
145 | -- | 13,369] 6.202] 29] 6,231
187 | —— | 13,908} 5,564 98 | 5,662
198 | — | 15,2954 5,568 | -- 5,568
339 | — |12,790{ 4,318 | —— | 4,318
268 | — 9,573 | 3,699 | -—- | 3,699
39 | — 7,874.4 7,253 7 | 7,260
49; — 6,404} 6,804. 211! 6,825
27) —- 5,713} 6,058 4 | 6,062
32 | — 6,402 | 8,465 12 | 8,477
258 | —- 9,441 # 8,123 10 | 8,133
23 | — | 10,388} 5,549 | — 5,549
316 | — | 10,318] 4,481 18 | 4,499
86 | 100 | 12,450} 3,972 3 | 4,007
3,661 | 60 | 15,248} 3,015 | 379 | 3,418
3,022 26 | 15,772] 2,991 | 191 | 3,182
HAkeE
Year| Line |Trawl| Net |Totalj Line
1888 | — -- -- — --
1889 | — — — — —
1.800 (1) 2B Ree eee us
1601S 2B eee Ee
1892 | —- — — — 74,361
1893 | — — —— = 74,422
1894 | — — -- — | 66,022
1895 | — -— — — 62,014
1896 | — — — —— | 59,731
1897 | — -- — -- 65,935
1898 | -- —~ — —— ff 55,258
1899 | —- — — — # 55,350
1900 |} —- -- — | 52,190
POOR el) oh Bee ee dR
1902 | — — -- == | 41072
1903 | — -- aa -- 39,965
1904 | 122 -— -- 122 51,283
1905 | 101 | 227 — | 328 48,865
1906 47 -- 24 (il 49,145
1907 | 44 | 465 67 | 576 | 46,222
1908 | 43 | 115 | 160 | 318 48,526
ConcER HELs
Line | Trawl
4,533 1
6,189 | 29
5,261 | 55
6,246 | —-
5,575 | 80
5,850 | 217
weve Mes
5,659 | —
5,480 | —
4,932 | —
ABST | bes
3,964 | —
BOT, | |
6,152 | 61
5,925 8
6,946 | 62
8,803 | 28
GurR-
NARDS } FISH
Cat Monxs
Total | Line
6:81 bf ie
5,433 | —
Agoa |
4534] —
6218 by
seats (eee
Totat Rounp FisH
Trawl Net
Total
5,299 | 5,257 | 59,082
Line } Trawl
besten ingest ie tyler teal lele "Veal ashe
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
17
9)
TURBOT HALiputT LEMON SOLES FLOUNDERS
Year | Line |Trawl| Net |'Total} Line |Trawl| Total] Line |Trawl| Total} Line /Trawl| Net | Total
1888 | — a= —— ae = a = =e == == == == == =
1889 | — -- _ 848 | —- — {1,997} — —— | 2,105 — — — 9,267
1890 | — -- -- 816} — — |1,606) — — 369 -- — — 9,272
1891 | — — -- 618 |} — — |1,768) — — 241 -- — -- 8,684
1892 | 858; — -- 858 } 2,052 2,052 219 9 | 228 § 5,400 | 3,790) — 9,190
1893 | 621| — -- 621 §2,268| — |2,268] 275 10 | 285 | 5,130 | 3,462) — 8,592
1894 | 542] 163] — 705 } 1,452 911,461f 151) 122) 2738 | 5,866 | 3,239| — 9,105
1895 | 520 16) — 536 71,468 | — |1,468% 135 83 | 218 § 5,705 | 4,120} —- 9,825
1896 | 637 | -- -- 637 41,862} — |1,3624 177 53 | 2380 7 8,539 | 4,142} — | 12,681
1897 | 580 | 10 — 590 11,653} — |1,6534 147 47 | 194] 7,349 |3,614) -- | 10,968
1898 | 636 | — -- 636 41,346; — |1,346] 171 9} 180 § 7,097 | 3,536} — | 10,633
1899 | 699 | — — -699 71,612 | — | 1,612 82) —- 82 | 4,374 | 2,459} -- 6,833
1900 | 602 2 — 604 $1,151; — |1,151] 216 3 | 219 | 4,161 | 3,658) — 7,819
1901 | 585} -- —_ 585 $2,399} — |2,399— 145) — 145 } 4,768 | 4,175; — 8,943
1902 | 389 | — -- 389 $1,942 | — |1,942— 420 23 | 443 | 5,052 | 2,478) — 7,530
1303 | 388 | — —- 388 718| — 718} 263; — 263 | 5,336 | 2,491 {920
1904} 377) — -- 377 42,614) — |2,6144 140 7 | 147 | 2,442 |1,756| — 4,198
1905 | 317; 118) — 435 {1,859 14 | 1,873 66) — 66 | 1,994 | 1,349; — 3,343
1906 58 2Oe e234) aloe oe 40 | 1,391 21 6 40 | 1,350 430 | 259 | 2,039
1907 | 125 | 283 | 224) 632 41,331) 277 | 1,608 1| 163 | 164 | 1,608 Soo Olae,olo
1908 45 | 256 | 173 | 474]2,159! 280 | 2,439 48 |} 113 | 169 | 1,548 344| 687! 2,579
Tar a ]
PLAICE BRILL Dass Tora Frat Fish
Year! Line | Trawl
1888
1889
1880
1891
1892
1893
1894
2,279 | 1,480
3,215 | 2,009
1,104 | 1,656
1,277 | 1,647
1,670 | 1,519
wNowr
Net | Total } Line] Trawl] Net
wwe
oe
CO
ae leteirerteaiedlon tote teotete lt Ik |
OO @
fe Al seeienesey er oS ES ef a
Ssoreh Ph) merieMeiter | | |
emmeanil tol fd htal jt i to
Total Line Trawl
He leve le eles ielee ie tee lee le
Trawl
—
Bees PEPE I TT PEre tty
Soreiecoms ee Ne ieleie tele te le (Pile je!
113
76
102
29
Trawl
40
10
185
162
Line |Trawl| Net
fe Theat ed sles eg Ba TR es Fae Fi
3,194 | 3,016
2,806 | 3,164
Total
11,456
176
SKATES AND Rays
UNCLASSIFIED
Part IIT—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
ToraL WHITE FIsH
Year| Line | Trawl| Net | Total } Line | Trawl| Net | Total Line Trawl Net Total
1888 — —- -- -- -- — -- —
1889 -- — — | 2,253 — -- — 275,579
1890 — —_ — 2,150 — — — 349,439
1891 -- -- -- 1,593 -- — -— 364,512
1892 | 1,781 4) — 1,785 86,547 3,824 | 215,624 | 305,995
1893 | 2,037 3); — 2,040 } 1,780 — 121 | 1.901 | 86,533 | 3,525 | 189,784 | 279,842
1894 | 2,006 99 | — | 2,105 | 1,144 37 | 182 | 1.3813] 77,183 | 4,149 | 169,650 | 250,982
1895 | 3,670 10} -- | 3,680} 1,477 11 88 | 1,576 } 74,989 4,582 | 175,720 | 255,291
1896 | 2,509 2); — 2,511 | 1,412 1/| — 1,413 74,367 4,608 | 146,300 | 225,275
1897 | 3,229 20) — 3,249 | 1,614 2) - 1,616 | 80,507 4,337 | 162,484 | 247,328
1898 | 4,727 17} — | 4,744] 1,429 -- 78 | 1,507 | 70,664 | 3,955 | 219,641 | 294,260
1899 | 4,279 -- — | 4,279 | 1,362 — -- 1,362 | 67,758 2,516 .| 256,472 | 326,746
1900 | 3,765 3); — 3,768 841 20) — 861 } 62,926 3,840 | 267,552 | 334,318
1901 | 3,412 — —— | 3,412 990 — 990 | 57,115 4,214 | 233,763 | 295,092
1902 | 3,167 4) —— | 3,171 790 -- — 790 | 52,832 | 2,551 | 273,150 | 328,533
1903 | 2,152 -- -- 2,152 944 — — 944 | 49,766 3,499 | 255,660 | 308,925
1904 | 3,836 79 | — 3,915 605 — — 605 | 63,740 3,357 | 184,386 | 251,433
1905 | 4,175 198} — | 4,373 591 — — 591 § 61,202 6.063 | 195,895 | 263,160
1906 | 5,433 164 84 | 5,681 716 — — 716 | 59,255 2,914 | 210,490 | 272,659
1907 | 4,711 378 | 177 | 5,266 454 15} — 469 | 55,868 | 15,778 | 208,558 | 280,204
1908 | 8,302 279 25 | 8,606 387 17} — 404 § 62,752 | 15,201 | 202,933 | 280,886
4.—All Coasts.
SPAR-
HERRING nore MACKEREL TotTaL PrLacic FisH
Year | Trawl Net Total Net /Trawl| Net | Total {Trawl| Net Total
1888 — -- 551,026 -- -- 397 - 552,230
1889 — -- 716,445 — -- 380 —_ 717,088
1890 — — 827,072 885 -- 525 — 829,552
1891 — -- 923, 754. 1,253 — 1,452 — 926,762
1892 — 756,136 | 756,136 1,044 1,615 | 1,615 759,648 | 759,643
1893 -- 806,317 | 806,317 1,579 2,244 | 2,244 814,534 | 814,534
1894. -- 770,511 | 770,511 1,399 1,330 | 1,530 774,413 | 774,413
1895 —- 918,923 | 918,923 1,125 1,099 | 1,099 923,903 | 923,903
1896 — 673,687 | 673,687 1,785 2,431 | 2,431 681,677 | 681,677
1897 — 707,555 | 707,555 iis 2,553 | 2,553 714,067 | 714,067
1898 — 952,402 | 952,402 1,232 2,379 | 2,379 956,442 | 956,442
1899 —— {1,143,296 |1,143,296 1,468 3,301 | 3,301 1,149,823 |1,149,823
1900 -— {1,243,407 |1,2438,407 1,086 5,025 | 5,025 1,251,394 |1,251,394
1901 — {1,061,034 |1,061,034 1,452 4,417 | 4,417 1,071,391 |1,071,391
1902 — 1,360,492 |1,360,492 1,026 3,127 | 3,127 1,369,580 |1,369,580
1903 —— {1,244,656 |1,244,656 746 3,919 | 3,919 1,255,400 |1,255, 400
1904 -—- [1,017,541 |1,017,541 1,003 5,840 | 5,840 1,028,160 |1,028,160
1905 —— 1,343,080 |1,343,080 951 5,550 | 5,550 1,352,421 |1,352,421
1906 604 1,648,559 |1,649,163 539 8.818 | 9,482 | 1,268 1,659,910 |1,661,178
1907 | 7,086 |1,809,174 |1,816,260 680 8,877 | 9,398 } 7,474 |1,827,333 |1,834,940
1908 | 8,473 |1,143,171 Dal 6,326 | 6,643 | 8,679 1,152,321 |1,161,111
1, 151,644
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 177
Cop anp CopLinG LING SAITHE
Year| Line | Trawl} Net | Total} Line | Trawl] Total} Li ES Total} Line | Trawl} Net | Total
1888} — — | -— |205,7944 — | -- |49,083 —= | = | —= |19064
1889} — — | — |172,100) — | — |46,493 —= | = | — | Lbs
1890} — _— — {155,987} — —- |50,521 == = — |14,886
eo |) | |188.611 57,226 — | — | — |13,218
1892/151,715) 19,848) — {171,563} 48, 676 1,220 | 49,896 10,445 657) —— |11,102
1893/131,054| 24,804) — 155, 858] 57,056 | 2,052 | 59,108 10,796} 1,015} -—- {11,811
1894/132,805) 28,858} — 161,66 49,249 1,597 | 50,846 12,170} 285) —— | 12,455
1895/134,257| 32,890; — |167,14 207 | 1,613 | 42,820 9,317 196) — 9,513
1896/454,008} 37,141) — |191,149] 33,465 | 2,210 | 35,675 12,270 181} — |12,451
1897)/156,623) 44,900) — 201,523 44, 048 | 1,926 | 45,974 9,565 398) -- 9,963
1898/156,923} 59,693} —- |216,616431,345 | 3,897 | 35,242 10,865 781; — |11,646
1899}142,488] 81,126) -- 223, 61 38,714 7,989 | 46,703 11,146} 1,276} — | 12,422
1900/111,215} 94,743) — |205,958139,296 |11,914 | 51,210 9,804] 2,404) — | 12,208
1901/105,013/107,878} — |212,891} 33,857 |14,682 | 48,539 7,507} 3,133) — |10,640
1902)101,014/121,491} — |222, 7.554 13,108 | 40,657 7,804) 4,862) — | 12,666
1903} 91,253/141,879] — |233,132] 19,284 |13, 283 | 32,567 7,838) 7,168} —- | 15,006
1904/106, 959)159,806| — |266,765 28,991 12,316 | 41,307 7,591} 8,810) — |16,401
1905 110, 806)187,785 298,591} 31,928 |15, 689 | 47,617 8,190 14. 957| — |238,147
6,675 14, 801) 1,257} 22,733
5,706 21,276 1,385) 28,367
7,364 15,434) 1,398 24,196
1906|104,453|213,131| 4,529 [322,113] 26,950 |16,925 | 43,875
1907 100, 091220, 262] 3,990 |324. 343} 23,810 |22, 171 | 45,985
1908] 99,875/224,711| 8,325 |332,911] 34,889 |19,792| 54,681
Happock WHITING ConGER EELS GURNARDS
Line |Trawl| Total | Line |Traw1 | Total
Year|} Line | Trawl | Total j Line | Trawl | Total
1888 -- —— | 333,134
_— — |25,637, — = 3,689 =
1889 -- —- 331,215] — — | 23,786] —- — 8,552 ==
1890 -- — | 370,252, — —— | 30,8407 — = 7,027
1891 -= — |375,557) — — |29,489), — — 6,184
1892 | 276,417 | 117,860 | 394,277 | 22,194 | 3,422 | 25,617] 6,063) 54 6,117
1893 | 241,325 | 146,122 | 387,447 16, 453 | 4,260 | 20,713§ 7,703} 51 7,754
1894 | 237,936 | 134,239 | 372,175} 17,039 | 3,047 | 20,086} 7,192} 110 7,302
1895 | 272,692 | 136,914 | 409,606 15, 927 | 2,714/ 18,641} 7,975] 53 8,028
1896 | 283,638 | 136,847 | 420,485 16, 373 | 2,099 | 18,472} 7,754 | 126 7,880
1897 | 257,585 | 177,574 | 435,159 14, 677 | 4,456 | 19,133} 8,266 | 252 8,518
1898 | 175,868 | 251,452 | 427,320 14, 278| 6,927 | 21,205 8,132) 30 8,162
1899 | 150,805 327, 311 | 478,116 } 18,775 | 12,174 | 30,949} 7,773) 53 7,826
1900 | 117,434 385,226 | 502,660 17, 075 | 18,469 | 35,544] 7,718] 47 7,765
1901 | 90,060 | 437,611 | 527,671 | 15.187 | 29,744 | 44,931} 6,563) 66 6,629
1902 | 88,043 | 427,927 | 515,970 } 15,522 | 34,533 | 50,055} 5,555 | 374 5,929
1903 | 107,871 | 386,127 | 493,998 15,948 29,964 | 45,912} 5,043 | 173 5,216
sel Althea lt A tbe Saf SIS
Hae aa Leet ls
1904 | 110,443 | 386,056 496,499 j 14,970 | 31,105 | 46,075 | 7,209) 96 7,305 1,101 | 1,481
1905 | 95,794 | 433,156 | 528,950 } 16,604 | 52,476 | 69,080 | 7,674 | 210 7,884 1,245 | 1,501
1906 | 112,442 | 409,243 | 521,914 } 15,088 | 42,285 | 57,444] 7,389) 96 7,647 | 214 | 1,041 | 1,255
1907 | 106,126 | 427,074 | 533,263 | 10,154 | 43,163 | 58,341} 8,317 | 194 8,568 1,114 } 1, 406
1908 | 84,900 | 434,173 | 519,099 12, 380 | 42,099 | 54,479 | 10,389 | 221 | 10,692 689 | '946
178
Part III —Twenty-seventh Annual Report
HAkeE
TotaL Rounp FisH
Year | Line Trawl } Line | Trawl | Net) Total } Line | Trawl | Net Total
1888 | — -- -- — -- — | — — _— — — 639,879
1889 | — — -- -- — — | — — — —_— — 595,858
1890 | — — -- ~- — | — -- — — 630,847
1891 | — — — — == = |= == == — = 671,641
1892 |} — == — — — — | — — [516,524 | 143,062) — 659,586
1893 | — — —_ — — — |— -—-— | 466,399 | 178,304 | — 644,703
1894 | — — — — — — |— — {457,798 | 168,136] — 625,934
1895 | — — — — = — | =— — | 482,820] 174,380; — 657.200
1896 | — = — — — a —— 4 508,928 | 178,604} —-- 687,532
1897 | — — =— — — ee —— | 492,103 | 229,506} —- 721,609
1898 | — == — — —_ = |= — |398,912 | 322,780} — 721,692
1899 | — == = = — |— — | 371,865 | 429,929} -- 801,794
1900 | — —= — — — |) — — | 304,837 | 512,803) —- 817,640
19017) = == == = ae — {261,103 | 593,114) — 854,217
19020) a= Ss — = — a — 4} 248,159 | 602.290; — 850,449
1903 | — — — = == | = — $249,107 | 578,981} — 828,088
1904 | 185 | 5,727 | 5,912 § 1.710 196 | 11,635 | — | 11,831 | 279,428 | 618,687 | — 898,115
1905 | 115 | 4,874 | 4,989 | 2,602 212 | 16,383 | — | 16,595 } 274,754 | 729,822 | — | 1,004,576
1906 | 220] 5,929 | 6,149 | 2.766 122 | 15,960 | 24! 16,106 | 275,867 | 722,680 | 6,277 | 1,004,824
1907 | 268 | 6,506 | 6,774 | 2,555 85 | 9,963 | 67} 10,115 j 257,227 | 754,849 | 5,590 | 1,017,666
1908 | 333 | 4,866 | 5,199 | 2,455 157 | 11,658 | 160 | 11,975 | 254,283 | 756,569 | 9,991 | 1,020,843
TuRBOT HALIBUT LEMON SOLES FLOUNDERS
Year | Line | Traw] |Net Trawl | Total | Line} Trawl|Net} Total |} Line | Trawl | Net} Total
1888 | —- -- oo -- 19,721} —- ~~ — | 16,512 —_ — | 55,918
1889 | — ae —- -- 18,496 | — — — | 21,925 -- — | 53,072
1890 | — —- -- — 18,645 | —- — — | 27,386 — -- | 68,187
1891 | — -- -- — 17,161} —- -- — | 30,223 —_ — | 67,103
1892 | 1,416 | 13,094 | — 221 | 27,169 | 380 | 36,775 | — | 37,155 | 14,513) 46,935) — | 61,448
1893 | 1,012 | 12,382 | — 541 | 28,055 | 501 | 28,326 | — | 28,827 | 14,279| 48,532} — | 62,811
1894 | 1,020} 9,055 | -- 768 | 31,425 | 394 | 30,197 | — | 30.591 | 17,062 | 50,740} — | 67,802
1895 723 | 11,160 | — 1,200 | 32,175 | 303 | 37,350 | — | 37,653 | 15,387 | 61,942); — | 77,3829
1896 946 | 14,082 | — 1,022 | 37,882 | 296 | 37,510) — | 37,806 | 15,439] 70,444) -—- | 85,883
1897 817 | 138,542 | — 1,677 | 40,176 | 257 | 31,521 | — | 31,778 | 15,814 60,145) — | 75,959
1898 796 | 16,108 | — 2,291 | 33,058 | 296 | 36,653 | — | 36,949 } 16,711 | 63,196 | — | 79,907
1899 | 1,037 | 18,155 | — 4,406 | 33,241 | 167 | 46,802 | —- | 46,969 | 17,553} 81,990} — 543
1900 726 | 17,599 | — 9,013 | 40,801 | 267 | 41,421 | — | 41,688 } 16,291] 93,538) — | 109,829
1901 775 | 19,331 | — 12,411 | 58,295 | 222 | 47,909 | — | 48,131 } 17,067 | 117,167 | — | 184,234
1902 527 | 19,313 | — 11,230 | 47,389 | 538 | 49,166 | — | 49,704 } 16,520 | 102,540} —— | 119,060
1903 423 | 31,658 | — 12,809 | 49,186 | 527 | 58,214 | — | 53,741 | 15,833 | 126.597 | —— | 142,430
1904 | 460 | 22,882} — 17,523 | 62,695 | 421 | 49,522 — | 49,943 } 8,210 7,759| — | 15,969
1905 341 | 20,972 | — 18,206 | 58,486 | 369 | 55,010 | — | 55,379 | 6,318 6,623 | -- | 12,941
1906 78 | 17,885 | 234 22,086 | 65,796 | 284 | 65,178 | 260 | 65,722 | 3,960} 5,709 }1,627) 11,296
1907 170 | 20,576 | 224 23,246 | 73,347 | 226 | 68,251 | 247 | 68,724 | 5,488 3,492 |1,217| 10,197
1908 62 | 21,587 | 173 16,894 | 89,463 | 292 | 69,410 | 432| 70,184} 5,682] 2,413 |1,212} 9,307
~
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
179
1888
1889)
1890
1891
1892
| Year
el eal ot ste el Ft lL ba
SKATES AND Rays
Line
Year} Line aes
|
|
|
es tk dL a fe
ire ve ete age
Ui cs Ue ec
PLAICE
Trawl
Fa
“
=
Orr
Paes lestataie We lecterbal are Ae ket.
iret Feat eat
Oh
27
wo
Co ~1
SAD
bo S or
Ram
—
.
er ferfey === ta al Ul Get foe Ls Uae Ll | a ha
“
LENE AAT ANP eT> ella etd
WS Ke Veilaleslede Ueto esl aleclepe ton
Lt Soren) ae)
Rs aN
Ore
OO
ee Ml 0)
ww
Ss
~
aBeEe
uo
“
Se te EAU fe tool a fete et rl ect talline
“1M 10
STS es eet oat at
Net | Total {Line|Trawl/Total} Line | Trawl
Ee lelBlSi biPlslishs Is lalats' ee
~
“
Total
Ft este an elie Eee
IW or
CO He OLS D
OO kt He DO
Mrcrims
Toray Fuar FisH
Line | Trawl | Net | Total
—_ — — |108,461
—_— — —_ 113,965
== -- — |132,677
-—- — — {131,702
3,258] 97,024; — |140,282
3,306} 89,781| — |133,087
9,133] 90,760] — |139,893
7,388)111,652) — /|159,040
53,541/123,058| — |176,599
55,387|106,885) — |162,272
ne 118,248) — |166,818
592}151,353) — |198,945
19, 072 161, 571| — |210,643
3. 948|196,818} — |260,766
53,744 182,249} — |235,993
53, 160|224,278| — |277,438
564, 722 212, 891) — |277,613
56,361 207.463 — (263,824
54,961 220,267/4,683 279,911
; ,488}218, 705)/4, 944/288, 137
11,411 9, 230 203, 491\4,193/296,914
Net | Total
Line | Trawl |
UNCLASSIFIED KINDS
Net | Total
2, 057
Line
GrRanD ToTaL WHITE FIsH
Trawl Net Total
— il
— |1,454,175
== 1.6
760,408
815, 425
bo
for)
oO
for)
—_
|
1. a 803
1,627,754
1,879,866
2,189,933
4 |2,325,994
2,238,310
2,502,668
2,401,287
2,229. 679
1,352,421 |2,647,768
671,064 |2,975,655
838,089 |3,168,696
"166,548 |2,511,195
0 cp CO
ie DD
9 So
Ww co —I
RBS
1
992,184 |1,
979,684 |1,
180 Part III —Twenty-seventh Annual Report
TABLE III.—SHELLFISH.
Scotland—(1) Quantities. I. Hast Coast.
Year. | Oysters. | Mussels. | Clams. | Lobsters. Crabs. {Unclassified
Number. Cwts. Cwts. Number. Number. Cwts.
1883 | 414,700 214,700 — 102,400 31,598* 20,176
1884 | 95,000 | 179,076 = 111,924 38,356* | 15,345
1885 | 45,500 | 183,184 ze 109,500 | 3,106,100 | 15,907
1886 51,100 168,482 9,100 123,625 2,119,300 15,553
1887 | 52,600 | 181,026 17,394 98,600 | 2,103,400 14,682
1888 | 43,400 | 199,961 20,674 85,825 | 2,967,600 14,415
1889 | 31,500 | 168,905 23,811 82,278 | 2,609,025 14,013
1890 | 16,900 | 150,366 25,706 94,114 | 2,733,596 20,288
1891 | 24,400 | 165,711 28,512 | 109,139 | 2,975,300 19,334
1892 | 18,800 | 132,089 20,709 | 135,896 | 3,026,992 20,389
1893 | 25,900 | 127,737 17,674 | 138,316 | 3,163,867 20,349
1894 | 26,500 97,378 25,554 | 113,945 | 2,568,495 18,267
1895 | 27,300 | 125,462 19,466 | 103,660 | 2,405,840 14,261
1896 | 13,100 | 148,658 | 22.335 96,484 | 3,256,935 16,027
1897 9,700 | 175,238 18,983 | 117,581 | 3,267,254 14,715
1898 4,000 | 128,005 13,600 92,340 | 3,533,020 15,795
1899 7,900 90,445 11,611 85,077 | 2,961,152 13,078
1900 2,600 79,425 6,258 74,911 | 2,999,519 12,852
1901 | 30,600 63,224 6,482 89,009 | 3,000,000 14,858
1902 | 28,937 59,123 4,320 91,841 | 2,878,492 14,278
1903 | 24,600 78,094 4,606 99,606 | 2,427,001 17,041
1904 | 18,700 70,623 6,974 | 127,308 | 2,202,393 15,010
1905 | 14,700 77,902 7,843 | 112,299 | 1,801,022 12,648
1906 = 79,529 7,381 93,319 | 1,909,353 13,228
1907 6,000 73,774 elie 96,167 | 1,998,567 13,491
1908 | 14,900 82,711 8,623 | 104,332 | 2,573,158 12,508
II. Orkney and Shetland.
Year. | Oysters. | Mussels. Clams. Lobsters. Crabs. /Unclassified
Number. Cwts. Cwts. Number. | Number. Cwts.
1883 | 6,000 500 ae 46,800 _ 9,688
1884 7,200 1,200 — 62,100 85* 8,038
1885 7,700 1,400 — 72,800 11,200 8,774
1886 | 5,550 5,420 ue 107,750 9,500 | 13,445
1887 4,000 6,490 — 68,700 5,000 12,853
1888 1,800 4,280 -— 93,400 8,400 15,923
1889 — 3,410 — 82,850 7,000 11,447
1890 8,000 3,505 — 101,450 9,650 8,772
1891 2,000 2,110 -— 92,300 17,400 6,171
1892 3,000 4,510 — 124,600 17,150 8,392
1893 900 3,290 — 126,850 17,850 6,434
1854 | = 1,600 7,305 -- 101,350 11,450 7,911
1895 | — 1,000 7,100 — 94,200 41,800 6,508
1896 | 1,200 7,650 —_ 79,000 19,900 7,092
1897 | 700 6, 100 _ 107,400 39,700 7,828
1898 | — 2,558 -— 102,403 17,800 7,320
1899 | — 3,551 — 121,225 23,200 7,075
1900 | _ 5,510 — 104,489 18,200 5,818
1901 | — 1,619 — 119,204 16,000 4,413
1902 300 2,155 — 120,029 30,390 4,285
1903 — 757 = 184,244 17,404 3,046
1904 | ~ 537 11 161,560 12,900 3,996
1905 — 680 -~ 157,003 11,100 2,867
1906 | — 690 — | 161,537 12,300 2,544
1907 800 640 — 164,878 27,294 3,093
1908 3,200 860 — 127,877 31,500 3,044
* Cwts.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 181
Ill. West Coast.
Year. | Oysters. | Mussels. Clams. Lobsters. Crabs. [Unclassified
Number. Cwts. Cwts. Number Number. Cwts.
1883 | 224,900 66,369 _ 600,600 3,795* | 19,552
1884 | 415,400 69,072 - 553,150 3,032* | 17,863
1885 | 167,000 59,678 _ 774,000 | 132,600 29,515
1886 | 239,000 87,360 oa 517,975 | 255,850 34,233
1887 | 156,400 88,780 — 513,800 | 107,300 27,903
1888 | 107,500 45,386 — 498,950 | 105,775 25,240
1889 | 280,433 16,519 6 411,320 | 158,275 28,170
1890 | 325,300 27,323 55 447,644 | 139,095 | 25,109
1891 | 324,800 63,344 14 484,197 99,700 25,225
1892 | 293,200 | 110,587 60 480,521 73,850 33,360
1893 | 288,900 | 108,719 10 456,170 | 123,315 38,498
1894 | 263,700 78,678 29 504,870 | 100,196 34,373
1895 | 211,100 61,335 69 412,120 | 100,600 31,940
1896 | 274,399 87,183 18 575,817 120,547 36,789
1897 | 391,200 99,638 27 504,257 187,442 33,514
1898 | 402,000 61,175 413 471,683 95,759 34,870
1899 | 462,191 75,674 514 521,720 | 128,155 35,669
1900 | 793,860 58,487 114 501,124 | 110,309 38,058
1901 | 592,800 37,698 105 581,746 | 136,500 38, 207
1902 | 262,316 34,385 — 574,482 167,374 36,906
1903 | 187,010 24,107 — 471,629 | 121,335 35,356
1904 | 231,400 20,982 8 507,536 | 184,044 38,025
1905 | 203,300 24,345 5 491,056 | 178,209 37,705
1906 | 389,650 48,267 10 476,706 | 169,954 29,822
1907 |1,013,480 52,039 20 453,830 | 191,710 28,165
1908 | 924,261 37,590 10 456,802 132,054 Spaeal
LTV. All Coasts.
Year. | Oysters. -| Mussels. Clams. | Lobsters. Crabs. Unclassified
Number. OCwts. Cwts. Number. Number. Cwts.
1883 | 645,600 281,569 = 749,800 35,393* 49,416
1884 | 517,600 249,348 = 727,174 41,473* 41,246
1885 | 220,200 244,262 = 956,300 3,249,900 54,196
1886 | 295,650 261,262 9,100 749, 350 2,384,650 63,231
1887 | 213,000 | 276,296 | 17,394 | 681,100 | 2,215,700 | 55,438
188s | 152,700 | 249,627 | 20,674 | 678,175 | 3,081,775 | 55,578
1889 | 311,933 | 188,834 | 23,817 | 576,448 | 2,774,300 | 53,631
1890 | 350,200 | 181,194 | 25,761 | 643,208 | 2,882,341 | 54,169
1891 | 351,200 | 231,165 | 28,526 | 685,636 | 3,092,400 | 50,730
1892 | 315,000 | 247,186 | 20,769 | 741,017 | 3,117,992 | 62,137
1893 | 315,700 | 239,746 | 17,684 | 721,336 | 3,305,032 | 65,281
1894 | 291,800 | 183,361 | 25,583 | 720,165 | 2,680,141 | 60,551
1895 | 239,400 | 193,897 | 19,535 | 609,980 | 2,548,240 | 52,709
1896 | 288,699 | 243.491 | 22,353 | 751,301 | 3,397,382 | 59,908
1897 | 401,600 | 280,976 | 19,258 | 729,238 | 3,494,396 | 56,057
1898 | 406,000 | 191,738 | 14,013 | 666,426 | 3,646,579 | 57,985
1899 | 470,091 | 169,670 | 12,125 | 728,022 | 3,112,507 | 55,822
1900 | 796,460 | 143,422 6,372 | 680,474 | 3,128,028 | 56,728
1901 | 623,400 | 102,541 6,587 | 789,959 | 3,152,500 | 57,478
1902 | 290,853 | 95,663 4.320 | 786,352 | 3,076,256 | 55,469
1903 | 211,610 | 102,958 4.606 | 705,479 | 2,565,740 | 55,443
1904 | 250,100 | 92,142 6,993 | 796,404 | 2,399,337 | 57,031
1905 | 218,000 | 102,927 7,848 | 760,358 | 1,990,331 | 53,220
1906 | 389,650 | 128,486 7.391 | 731,562 | 2,091,607 | 45,594
1907 [1,020,280 | 126,453 7,197 | 714,875 | 2,217,571 | 44,749
1908 | 942,361 | 121,161 8.633 | 689,011 | 2,736,712 | 49,263
Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
Year. | Oysters.
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
SHELLFISH.
Scotland—(2) Values. I. Hast Coast.
py S- Mussels. | Clams. (Lobsters.| Crabs. ras
ers. ed.
can Be £ 35 &
2,583 / 13,487 5,483 18,252 2,654
547 | 112/210 == 5,794 22,428 2,163
273 | 12,224 = D.O12 22,839 2,304.
325 | 11,308 1,256 6,375 12,427 2,118
327 11,415 2,320 4,954 11,611 2,149
260 13,029 2,918 4,324 14,207 2,119
1765) 10,432 2,563 4,157 12,770 2,141
105 9,512 3,297 4,803 13,900 3,097
139 11,338 3,347 5,691 14,789 3,085
1p Ry 9,534 Dees 6,505 16,254 3,170
150 8,935 2,385 6,122 14,762 3,208
148 6,527 3,309 5,715 12,538 3,049
150 8,441 2,627 4,751 12,285 2,416
69 9,469 2,910 4,939 15,205 2,623
43 9,496 2,368 6,245 17,668 2.30%
16 7,159 1,555 4,547 ical) 2,651
alk 5,026 1,446 4,644. 18,133 2,014
11| 4,156 846 | 4,156 | 17,219 2,173
140 3,403 786 4,884 18,068 2,448
is 3,212 586 5,297 17,649 Droit
125 4,499 637 beoid 15,517 2,990
82 4,087 940 6,468 13,807 2,582
47 4,071 1,128 5,674. 10,986 2,091
—- 4,111 1,082 4,841 12,493 2.13%
23 3,309 949 5,088 125853 2,166
57 | 3,590 1,262 5,489 15,752 2,065
Il. Orkney and Shetland.
Mussels. |Clams.| Lobsters. Crabs. esa
£ £ a5 ay £ £
31 25 = 2,340 — 1,352
38 300 == 3,105 16 1,165
40 210 ae 3,640 34 1,362
De 478 — 5,488 30 222i
22 644 — 3,561 iy 1,967
5 348 == 4,966 25 2,579
= 280 oo 4,574 24 1,861
36 186 = 5,435 46 1,330
8 13174 = 5,170 92 880
12 238 = 6,134 79 1,286
4 167 = 5,267 66 898
7 392 4,224 60 1,059
4 377 a= 4,680 368 864
5 388 ue 3,234 111 918
3 453 5,675 170 1,010
= 143 — 6,391 75 1,065
= 253 6,644. 95 1,052
— 302 See 6,072 109 907
a= 90 ex 6,476 95 612
1 162 = 6,125 166 514
= 99 == 6,959 98 442
ee 57 2) 8,740 55 611
59 — 8,807 51 505
= 67 dos 9,113 58 429
33 56 eae 9,068 204 650
13 yb ees 7,398 224 549
Total
Value.
£
3,748
4,624
5,286
8,239
6,211.
7,923
6,739
7,033
6,267
7,749
6,402
5,742
6,293
4,656
TOLL
7,674
8,044
7,440
7,273
6,968
7,698
9,465
9,422
9,667
9,981
8,251
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 183
III. West Coast.
Year. | Oysters.) Mussels. |Clams.| Lobsters. | Crabs. Vineet Os
£ £ £ £ & £ &
1883 792 3,036 — 25,143 | 1,464 6,303 36,738
1884 | 1,589 | 3,552 | — | 21,043 | 1,355 5,634 | 33,173
1885 496 2,933 — 25,869 867 10,530 40,695
1886 948 3,078 — 18,642 | 1,087 7,484 31,239
1887 616 3,352 — 18,132 679 5,549 28,328
1888 477 1,989 — 18,803 485 5,194 26,948
1889 | 1,278 965 1 15,718 603 5,659 24,224
1890 | 1,385 1,503 14 18,102 622 5,240 26,866
1891 | 1,421 2,874 3 20,807 414 5,990 31,509
1892 | 1,408 4,734 3 19,888 377 8,021 34,431
1893 | 1,327 4,240 3 19,147 541 8,109 33,367
1894 | 1,086 3,580 8 19,477 388 8,321 32,860
1895 953 3,308 18 16,125 492 8,644 29,470
1896 | 1,084 5,093 5 21,545 514 9,542 37,783
1897 | 1,568 4,413 40 20,506 557 9,831 36,915
1898 | 1,572 3,017 40 18,982 430 12,010 36,051
1899 | 1,853 3,579 39 22,862 533 12,347 41,213
1900 | 3,177 3,109 15 21,816 461 S27. 39,905
1901 | 2,307 2,483 16. 25,283 535 13,463 44,087
1902 | 1,077 2,071 — 25,692 705 12,010 41,555
1903 769 1,686 — 22,297 699 11,547 36,998
1904 855 1,902 2 23,115 678 12,817 39,369
1905 818 1,935 1 21,836 638 12,015 37,243
1906 | 1,568 3,044 1 22,003 631 10,750 37,997
1907 | 3,430 2,969 4 20,794 717 9,921 37,835
1908 | 3,341 1,872 2 20,861 539 10,981 37,596
IV. All Coasts.
Year. | Oysters.|Mussels.|Clams.| Lobsters. | Crabs. oe ae
20 ES ES £ £ £ &
1883 | 3,406 | 16,548) — 32,966 19,716 10,309 82,945
1884 | 2,174 | 16,062 | — 29,942 23,799 8,962 80,939
1885 809 | 15,367 | — 35,081 23,740 14,196 89,193
1886 | 1,295 | 14,864 |1,256| 30,505 13,544 11,823 73,287
1887 | 965 | 15,411 | 2,320| 26,647 12,307 9,665 67,315
1888 742 | 15,366 | 2,918) 28,093 14,717 9,892 71,728
1889 | 1,453 | 11,677 | 2,564| 24,449 13,397 9,661 63,201
1890 | 1,526 | 11,201 | 3,311) 28,340 14,568 9,667 - | 68,613
1891 | 1,568 | 14,329 | 3,850; 31,668 15,295 9,955 76,165
1892 | 1,532 | 14,506 | 2,736) 32,527 16,710 12,477 80,488
1893 1,481 | 13,342 | 2,388; 30,536 15,369 12,238 75,354
1894 | 1,241 | 10,499 |3,317| 29,416 12,986 12,429 69,888
1895 | 1,107 | 12,126 | 2,645| 25,556 13,075 11,924 66,433
1896 | 1,158 | 14,950 | 2,915} 29,718 15,830 13,083 77,65
1897 | 1,614 | 14,562 | 2,408| 32,426 18,395 | 13,198 82,403
1898 | 1,588 | 10,319 |1,595| 29,920 17,982 | 15,726 77,130
1899 1,884 8,858 | 1,485! 34,150 18,761 15,413 80,551
1900 3,188 7,617 | 861) 32,044 17,789 14,407 75,906
1901 . 2,447 5,976 | 802) 36,643 18,698 16,523 81,089
1902 1,251 5,445 | 586] 37,114 18,520 15,035 77,951
1903 894 6,207 | 637) 34,567 16,314 14,979 73,598
1904 937 6,046 | 944] 38,323 14,540 16,010 76,800
1905 865 6,065 | 1,129| 36,317 11,675 14,611 70,662
1906 1,568 7,222 |1,083| 35,957 13,182 13,310 72,322
1907 | 3,456 6,334 | 953) 34,950 13,774 12,737 72,204
1908 3,411 5,529 | 1,264! 33,748 | 16,515 13,595 74,062
184 Part I1I,—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
Scotland—l1. Hast Coast.
Percentage of Total
Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of Value of Shellfish
ie of East Coast to
ear. Total Value)Total Value
. of Shellfish] of All Fish
Oysters! Mussels. | Clams. | Lobsters.| Crats. | Unelassi-jof Whole of| of East
fied. Scotland. | Coast.
1883 | 6°08 31°77 — 12°91 42°99 6:25 51:19 —
1884 | 1:27 28°30 — 13°43 51°99 501 53°30 —
1885 03 28°29 — 12°89 52°85 Daa 48°45 —
1886 96 33°45 3°72 18°86 36°76 6°26 46°13 —
1887 | 1:00 34°82 7°08 15°11 35°42 6°56 48°69 —
1888 “70 35°35 7:92 11°73 38°55 5°75 51:38 —
1889 D4 32°36 GD 12°90 39°61 6°64 51:01 2°91
1890 30 27°40 9°50 13°84 40°04 8°92 50°59 2°93
1891 “36 29°54 8°72 14°83 38°52 8°04 50°40 2:96
1892 29 24°89 Gas 16°98 42°42 8°28 47°59 3°07
1893 “42 25°11 6°70 17:20 41°48 9:08 47°22 2°83
1894 “AT 20°86 | 10°58 18°27 40°08 9:75 44°77 2°68
1895 "49 27°53 8°57 15°49 40°04 (ise 46°17 2°23
1896 20 26°89 8°26 14:02 43°18 7°45 45°35 2 88
1897 catalt 24°88 6°20 16°36 46°28 6°17 46°33 3°04
1898 “05 21°43 4°65 13°61 52°32 7°94 43°31 2°32
1899 10 16°06 4°62 14°84 57°94 6°44 38°85 1:96
1900 04 14°55 2°96 14°55 60°28 7°61 37°63 1:72
1901 AT 11°45 2°65 16°43 60°78 8°24 36°66 1:86
1902 “59 10°91 Logs) 18-00 59°97 8°52 ois 151
1903 “43 15°25 2:20 18°31 53°50 | 10°31 39°41 1°63
1904 29 14°61 3°36 23°13 49°37 9°23 36°41 1:73
1905 “20 16°96 4°70 23°64. 45°78 8:71 33°96 1:37
1906 = 16°67 4°39 19°63 50°67 8:65 34°09 1-2
1907 ‘09 15°56 3°89 20°86 52°70 8°88 33°78 1:07
1908 20 12°72 4°47 19°46 55°83 7°32 38°10 157
Il. Orkney and Shetland.
Percentage of Total
a Value of Shellfish of
ose Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of Orkney & Shoneaane
5 Total Value|Total Value
. jof Shellfish|ofAll Fish of
Oysters} Mussels.| Clams. | Lobsters. | Crabs. mee yee poe end
1883 | °83 67 = 62°44 = 36°07 4°52 oa
1884 | °82 6°49 = 67°15 | 19) 25°19 5°71 —
1885 | ‘76 3°97 — 68°86 64 Y5-77 5°93 i
1886 | ‘27 5°80 — 66°61 "36 26°96 11°24 —
1887 | °35 10°37 — By Si 27 31°67 9°23 =
1888 | °06 4°39 —_ 62°68 coe 32°55 11:05 —_
1889 = 4°16 a 67°85 *36 27 62 10°66 6 04
1890 | °51. 2°64 — 77°28 65 18°91 10°25 5°44.
1891 | -13 1°87 — 82°50 1°47 14:04 8°23 4°33
1892 | °15 | 8:07 ree 79°16 1:02 16°60 9°63 8°64
1893 | :06 2°61 _— 82:27 1:03 14:03 8°50 5:00
1894 | °12 6°83 — 73°56 1°04 18°44 8:22 3°14
1895 | -06 5:99 — 74°37 5°85 sieves 9°47 3°70
1896 | ‘11 8°33 sss 69°46 2°38 19°72 6:00 2°88
1897 | °04 6°20 — 77:62 eae 13°81 8°87 4°33
1898 = 1:86 — 83°28 98 13°88 9:95 4°09
1899 — 3°15 eae 82°60 1:18 13°08 9:99 2°61
1900 —— 4°73 — 81°61 1°47 12°19 9°80 2°04
1901 = 1°24 — 89°04 isi 8°41 8:97 1°92
1902 | -O1 Deo, = 87°90 2°38 7°38 8°94 1:96
1903 = 1°30 =: 91°59 1:29 5°82 10°32 Quy
1904 — “60 02 92°34 58 6°46 12°32 2°38
1905 — 63 a 93°47 4. 5°36 13°33 1°43
1906 ose 69 —_ 94°26 60 4°44 Oso 1°46
1907 | :03 56 a 90°85 2°04 6°51 13°82 1:57
1908 | °16 81 — 89°66 eréib 6°65 11:14 7
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 185
I Il. West Coast.
Percentage of Total »
ES Percentage, to l’otal Value of Shellfish, of Slane
| —_$_$ $C) Potal ValuelTotal Value
Oysters) Mussels. | Cl Fob abs, | Unelassi- Of Whole aff of West,
ysters Mussels. ams. obsters.} Crabs. fed. guctlec iach
1883 | 2°16 8:27 == 68°44 3°96 17°16 44°29 =
1884 | 4°79; 10°71 —_ 63°43 4:09 16°98 40°99 =
ESB) | he. (21 —- 63°57 2°13 25°87 45°63 ae
1886 | 3°03 | 9°85 — 59°68 3°48 23°96 42°63 =
1887 | 2°17 | 11°83 — 64:01 2°40 19°59 42°08 —
il sto) ea ey aay as — 69°78 1:80 19°27 37°57 a
1889 | 5°28 |; 3:98 0:00 | 64°89 2°49 23°36 38°33 8-08
1890 | 5:16 5°60 05 67°38 2°32 19°50 39°16 7°14
1891 | 4°51 9°12 ‘O1 66:04 fot 19°01 41°37 7°96
1892 | 4:09 Seas, ‘O1 ards 1:09 23°30 AD Sane Oigitel
1893 | 3°98 12°71. ‘O1 57°38 1°62 24°30 44°28 | 10°65
1894 | 3:30 | 10°87 02 59°27 1:18 25°32 47°02 | 11°58
1895 | 3°23 11°23 ‘06 54°72 1:43 29°34 44°35 | 10°35
1896 | 2°87 | 13°48 ‘OL 57°02 1°36 25°25 48°66 | 14:44
1897 | 4:25 11°96 ‘11 55°55 tot 26°63 44°80 | 12°99
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188
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190 Part III—Twenty-seventh Annual Report
(1) Hast Coast.
Percentage of Total Value
Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of of Shellfish of East
Coast to
Year. Total Value |Total Value
of Shellfish ofjof All Fish
Lobsters. | Crabs. Oysters. |Unclassified| England and} of Hast
Wales. Coast.
1886 1°74 8°60 59°65 30°01 77°78 6°23
1887 1:28 9°83 60°22 28°67 78°84 7°37
1888 1:48 11:97 45°08 41°48 76°19 5°95
1889 1°71 12°50 43°37 49°42 68°17 6°68
1890 1°47 11°79 50°42 36°32 65°36 7-01
1891 1°59 10°99 46°30 41:12 68:03 6:97
1892 2°35 12°08 41°40 44°17 62°95 5-90
1893 2°94. 12°54 34°81 49°71. 62°65 5°34
1894 Deal 12°94 30°57 53°78 61°61 4°58
1895 Belz, 13°52 29°41 53°95 61°62 4°43
1896 3°30 ae Deon 50:20 62°43 5°02
1897 2°88 11:03 42°49 43°59 67°32 4°93
1898 2°67 11327/ 43°47 40°59 65°47 5-14
‘1899 2°55 11°55 49°38 36°51 66:03 4°70
1900 2°43 12°95 44°26 40°36 69°69 4°59
1901 3°14 17°54 49°22 30°10 64°37 3°84
1902 2°80 18°80 48°58 29°83 62°58 ole
1903 3°38 18°39 41°43 36°80 64:13 3°03
1904 3°33 14°64 46:23 35°79 67°02 3°56
1905 2°52 15°10 46°87 35°51 66°86 3°33
1906 2°67 14°38 49°44 33°51 62°79 ope
1907 ~ 2°36 14:03 48°45 35°16 61°48 3°14
(2) South Coast.
\Percentage of Total Value
Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of of Shellfish of South
oe Coast to
Year. | Total Value |Total Value
of Shellfish ofjof All Fish
Lobsters. | Crabs. Oysters. |Unclassified| England and| of South
Wales. Coast.
1886 27°85 39°69 14:28 18°18 19-08 1d-19
1887 31°21 39°27 11°34 18°18 18°24 12°78
1888 28°89 43°20 9°56 18°35 20°42 11-09
1889 30°31 39°50 10°35 14°84 ~ 20°01 10°85
1890 39°22 34°12 11°48 15°19 19°61 12°43
1891 36°04 30°55 13°23 20°19 18°24 12°40
1892 34°31 34°97 13°54 17°18 23°37 14°24
1893 28°50 34°34 14°99 22°18 22°15 13°44
1894 27°52 33°95 15°55 22°97 23°24 12°96
1895 29°38 39°16 8°79 22°67 21°84 11°95
1896 29°42 40°29 11:00 19°29 21°26 12°38
1897 27°46 38°41 13:06 21:08 20°82 11°26
1898 25°27 40°49 12°85 21°39 21°64 13°93
1899 23°28 38°57 13°15 25°01 20°91 13°44
1900 25°66 34°04 12°20 28°10 17:08 10°80
1901 26°54 33°52 12°93 27°01 18°80 9°70
1902 27°12 33°17 15°51 24°21 20°14 10°62
1903 29°45 42°27 3°06 25°21 17-00 9°57
1904 28°35 41°57 5°76 24°33 17°93 10°20
1905 24°72 42°45 5°02 27°80 21:07 11:05
1906 25°96 44:16 6°96 22°93 19°75 13°85
1907 24°09 38°27 7°50 30°14 21°17 14°88
Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
(8) West Coast.
IGE
Percentage of Total Value
of Shellfish of West
Coast to
Year. Total Value |Total Value
) of Shellfish of of All Fish
Lobsters. | Crabs. | Oysters. |Unclassified| England and| of West
Wales. Coast.
1886 12°91 11:87 34°52 40°70 3°14 598
1887 20°19 15°58 26°13 38°10 2°93 5°66
1888 25°21 20°46 17°16 37°17 3°39 2°65
1889 14°01 9°10 18.94 57°96 11°82 7°61
1890 22°72 5:26 24°02 48-00 15°01 7°82
1891 10°34 5°36 =| «=25°58 58°73 13°73 8°56
1892 10°31 645° | 21°16 62:07 13°68 7:68
1893 8°85 654 | 25°04 59°57 15°20 9°20
1894 13-70 7704 | 31°53 47°72 15°15 8°16
1895 8°10 5°75 30°87 55°28 16°54 8°86
1896 30°25 6:08 19°56 44-11 16°31 8-71
1897 14°28 7°23 19-03 59°46 11°87 5°60
1898 19-06 7°36 14°83 58°74 12°89 5°53
1899 14°84 4°38 15°92 64°86 13:07 6-90
1900 12°23 3°45 19EL 64°61 13°23 6°50
1901 10°93 2°99 | 19°05 67°03 16°83 7:07
1902 11°49 3°21 | 18°39 66°91 17°28 6°48
1903 10°29 2°64 | 12°86 74°21 18°87 6°47
1904 10°55 Gn) 45 tbe i 79s6o 15°04 541
1905 8°55 5°37 | 11°58 74°50 12:07 4-20
1906 5°70 3°81 5:00 85°49 17°46 5°45
1907 3°93 ‘ 3°25 | 3°29 89°53 17°35 i 462,
(4) England and Wales.
Percentage of
Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of Total Value of
Shellfish of Eng-
Year. land and Wales te
: Total Value of Ali
Lobsters. Crabs. Oysters. | Unclassified. | Fish of England
and Wales.
1886 7:07 14°63 50°21 28°09 6°80
1887 7:29 15°37 50°31 27:03 7°98
1888 7°88 18°63 36°88 36°61 6°29
1889 9°89 17°50 33°87 38°74 7°35
1890 12-06 15°19 38°82 33°93 7°89
1891 9-08 13°78 37°42 39°72 7°79
1892 10°91 16°66 32°12 40°31 7712
1893 9°50 16°46 28°93 45°11 6°65
1894 10°14 16°93 27°23 45°70 5°85
1895 9°68 17°83 25°15 47°34 5°68
1896 13°25 17°75 26°36 42°64 6°24
1897 9°35 16°28 33°58 40°79 5°68
1898 9°67 18°40 33°15 38°77 6:02
1899 8°49 16°26 37°44 37°81 5°71
1900 7°69 15°29 35°54 41°47 5°32
1901 “8°85 18:09 37°33 39°73 4°74
1902 9-21 18°99 36°70 35°10 4°69
1903 9°12 19°47 29°52 41°90 3°87
1904 8°90 18°12 32°64 40°33 4:28
1905 7°93 19°69 33°80 38°58 4:03
1906 7°80 18°42 33°29 40°49 4:07
1907 7°23 17°29 31°94 43°53 4-04
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