‘ ui) 1) tee cul wy WA AUD de a | TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND, Being for the Year 1908. IN THREE PARTS. Part I,—GENERAL REPORT. Part IJ.—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES, Part III.—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS. PART III.—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS. Presented to Parliament by Command of this Majesty. — GLASGOW: PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE By JAMES HEDDERWICK & SONS LIMITED, © At “* THE Citizen ” Press, St. ViIncENT PLACE. . And to be purchased, either directly or through any bookseller, from OLIVER. & BOYD, TwrEppaLE Court, EDINBURGH; or WYMAN & SONS, Lrp., Ferrer Lanz, E.C., and 32 ABINGDON STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.:; or EK. PONSONBY, 116 Grarron Street, DuBiin. 1910. mw (Gd. 5151.] Price 1s. *, ' \ ” ar’ > oor it iy Hh ON * 7 . hi LE a; stl i a 52 are od Pale Pe ttt ay oes ee f he bs Oo ; , bend ae es tt.) CONTENTS. GENERAL STATEMENT, ; The Hatching of Plaice, The Fishery Statistics, Investigations on the Herring Wishes of the Fir th of Cid The Herrings of the Clyde and other Districts, eos The Influence of Temperature on the Development of the Ties of the Herring, f Scientific and Technical Tstineein ¥o WiaHeocmeni SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. I, On the Herrings of the Clyde and other Districts. By H. Chas. Williamson, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S.E., Marine pe eee Aberdeen, Introduction, : : Arrangement of Analysis, . List of Contractions, A The Samples of Herrings, . The Weight of the Herring, : The Stage of Development of the Reproductive 0 Or gans, . The Rate of Growth, ; The Spawning Seasons, Food, E Literature, . Additional Samples of Herrings, II, Report on the Operations at the Marine Fish Hatchery, Bay of Nigg, Aberdeen, in 1908. By Dr. T. eS ee oe E.R.S.E., Scientific Superintendent, : III. Notes on the Distribution of Pelagic Crustacea in Lower and Upper Loch Fyne. By Thomas Scott, LL.D., F.LS., IV. Experiments to show the Influence of Cold in Retarding the Development of the Eggs of the Herring (Olupea Harengus, L.), Plaice (Pleuronectes Platessa, L.), and Haddock (Gadus Aiglefinus, L.). By H. Chas. Williamson, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.E., Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen. (Plate 1b ee Introduction, The Different Lots of Spawn, Lots I., II., and III., itt 11 100 100 101 103 Contents. PAGE Lhe Cooling Arrangement, 103 Table of Temperature of the uncooled water of Lots ee fl. and tii. 106 Table of Temperature of the cooled water of Lots as int and III., ¢ ~ ollie Fourth Lot of Spawn, 108 Table of Temperature of the Fourth Lot of Spawn uncooled, 110 Fe ny A >> COolediay aiemteles Fifth Lot of Spawn, 113 Table of Temperature of the Fifth Lot of Spawn uncooled, 115 %s me ae ,, cooled, = aaamals Sixth Lot of Spaw n, 118 Meyer’s Experiments on the Incubation of the Eggs of the Herring at Kiel, . : : aes Summary of Experiments i in Laboratory, . : : > sae Crystals found inside the Zona, .. ; i . oAl22 Fertilization of the Eggs of the Herring, . , »»:AZe The Herring Larva, : : + te The Transport of Living Adult Herrings, ; 124 Experiments on the Pelagic Eggs of the Haddock and Plaice, . 3 : . : bap 615) Experiments on Turbot, 2 5 ; A 2 lie Explanation of Plate I... ; : . hai V A Review of the Fishery Statistics for Scotland. By Dr. T. Wemyss Fulton, F.R.S.E., Scientific Superintendent, je) The Quantities of Fish ee : ; : co lO East Coast, . ‘ ; : ere Orkney and Shetland, ; . Pete! bts) West Coast, . : ; : seed es The Different Kinds Landed, : : ; . 134 East Coast, . 5 ; : . 134 Orkney and Shetland, ‘ : : <> aes West Coast, . : : ; . 140 The Values of the Fish Landed, , é : . 142 Shell-fish, . ; : : F 2 lee Oysters, E é ; : . 148 Mussels, : g ; 5 : . 149 Clams, . 5 ‘ : ; , «ALO Lobsters, ‘ : ; : 2

22 Soa 1902, - =~ OG 5a9u. 1907, - = eae aoe 1903, - =~ ZEA egen 1908, - = SA ae 1904, - =o SEN Tee The statistics for the Loch Fyne fishery go back to the year 1854, and only in one year in that period was the quantity of herrings taken less than it was in 1907, namely, in 1873, when 3,648 crans were landed. At that period there was a similar depression, but it did not last so long, there being ouly three years—1872-1874—when the quantity was less than 10,000 crans, as compared with the six years, as shown above, in the present period. In 1908 there were indications that herrings were fairly plentiful in the lower reaches of the loch, but they invariably remained in deep water, where they could not be caught, but in the last week of June there was a move- ment which resulted in a large catch. As mentioned in former reports, periodic observations on the abundance of the plankton, or minute floating life in the sea, upon which the herrings principally subsist, and upon the temperature of the water, have been made in Loch Fyne, and these observations are being continued. A preliminary report, by Dr. Thomas Scott, on the distribution of the pelagic crustscea in Loch Fyne will be found in the present Report, the tow-net collections made in the years 1905— 1908, some £00 in number, being dealt with. The variations at the six stations where the collections were made are shown in each of the years, and the organisms present are described. It is proposed to carry on these investigations and observations in the loch until the herrings have returned to it in something like their former abundance. Since they were begun at the end of 1904, after the decline in the herring fishery had set in, it is obviously necessary to continue them until the herring shoals return again, and until a sufficient body of information has been obtained to make it possible to decide whether any special change in the physical conditions of the waters of the loch, or in the abundance of the organisms upon which the herrings feed, was characteristic of the period of depression in the herring fishery. THE HERRINCS OF THE CLYDE AND OTHER DISTRICTS. Since 1905 samples of the herrings taken in the Clyde and at some other parts of the coast have been sent to the marine laboratory, with the view more particularly of determining certain points in their reproduction and spawning, and a paper on the subject, by Dr. H. C. Williamson, is contained in this Report. Over 156 samples of herrings were examined during the years in question, their length and, in most cases, their weights determined, as well as the state of development of the reproductive organ and the size of the eggs contained in the ovaries. The particulars are set forth in copious lists, the immature herrings being distinguished from the spawners and the spent, and as far as possible the summer-spawners from the of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 11 winter-spawners, and it is thus possible to arrange for each locality and over a period the main characters connected with the reproduction of the shoals. It has been shown that about six months elapse between the formation of yolk in the ovarian eggs and the period of spawning, but it has not yet been determined how long a time may elapse after a herring arrives at the “full” condition, that is, with a large roe or milt, as is found in the large herrings in the upper part of Loch Fyne towards the end of the year, and the actual shedding of the eggs. The rate of growth of the herring and the spawning- seasons are discussed. Hach locality has very definite spawning- seasons, a fact pointing to the fishes themselves being localised and dependent on the local conditions of food, temperature, and salinity; but taking these samples from various parts of the coast as a whole, spawning may be regarded as starting in July and continuing to the following July, with two great periods, in August and September and in February and March. THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE Eaes OF THE HERRING. At the request of the Government of New Zealand, a series of experiments were made at the Marine Laboratory on the retardation of the development of the ova of the herring. Information was desired as to whether it was possible to prolong the period of incubation 50 days, an interval which would admit of the eggs being conveyed from this country to New Zealand before they hatched. The New Zealand Government wish to introduce, if possible, certain of the more valuable and useful of the European fishes to the waters of the Dominion, and among them the herring. The experiments referred to are described in the present Report by Dr. H. C. Williamson, the eggs being obtained at Anstruther in the spring, and they were kept in various forms of apparatus, and at various temperatures, until hatching took place. The general result of the experiments was to show that it would be possible to keep a proportion of the eggs for a period of fifty days before hatching—a few were indeed kept some days longer, but by far the greater number succumbed at an earlier period. The experiments may be regarded as of a preliminary kind, and from the experience gained it is hoped that in the further trials now being made at the request of the New Zealand Government, a much larger proportion may survive the prolonged exposure to low temperatures. Experiments were also made, at the request of the New Zealand authorities, with the eggs of the haddock and of the plaice, as well as with small turbots, with the view of determining whether the period of development of the former could be satisfactorily delayed, and whether the latter were able to resist low temperatures. The temperatures in the experiments with the eggs varied from 0°6° C. to 5°6° C., and it was found that the plaice eggs hatched after a period of from 27 to 43 days, while the haddock eggs were partly unhatched after the lapse of 30 days. The small turbot, measuring 6} and 94 inches, were placed in separate apparatus. One of them, subjected to temperatures going down to 06° C., survived for over three days and then died; the other, subjected to temperatures between 3°4° C. and 1:7° C. for over two days, survived and recovered. 12 Part IT1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION TO FISHERMEN. For a number of years past, as mentioned in previous Reports, representative fishermen selected by the County Councils of various counties have visited the Marine Laboratory and Hatchery for the purpose of receiving some instruction relating to the life-histories and habits of the marine food fishes, such as might be of interest and use to them, and to see the processes of fish-hatching. Advantage was taken of these demonstrations last spring by delegated fishermen from the counties of Elgin, Sutherland, Inverness, Argyll, Berwick, Fife, Kincardine, and Caithness, who attended with regularity and appeared to be much interested in the instruction they received. We have the honour to be, Your Lordship’s most obedient Servants, ANGUS SUTHERLAND, Chairman. D. CRAWFORD. Deputy-Chairman. D’ARCY W.. THOMPSON. W: RB. DUGUID: L. MILLOY. D. MEARNS. EE WATSON. DAVID T. JONES, Secretary. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 13 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. I—ON THE HERRINGS OF THE CLYDE AND OTHER DIS- TRICTS. By H. CuHas. Wiuttamson, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.E., Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen. CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction, . ; : E } ‘ ; : F 13 Arrangement of Analysis : . : : : ; : 14 List of Contractions, . , A ‘ ‘ i : : 14 The Samples of Herrings, : : : : : : : 15 The Weight of the Herring, . : é : : : - 50 The Stage of Development of the Reproductive Organs, : : c 54 The Rate of Growth, . 5 : ; d ; : ; 57 The Spawning Seasons, . é ‘ ; ; : ; F 65 Food, : : ; : : ; : ‘ : : 65 Literature, : : ; 2 i : : : : 66 Additional Samples of Herrings, : : : t ; 4 67 In 1905 Dr. Fulton arranged for samples of herrings from the Clyde and other districts to be sent to the Laboratory. They were obtained from commercial fishing vessels. The herrings were in most cases sprinkled with salt, and sent by rail to Aberdeen. On arrival they were in some instances examined immediately; in other cases they were kept in the cold store until required. The fishery officers in the different districts forwarded most of the samples. A large and valuable series of samples was sent by Mr. Johnston and the other officers in the Clyde district. The scheme of enquiry drawn up by Dr. Fulton included records of the length and weight of the fish, the sex, weight of the reproductive organs, the sizes of the eggs, and general notes regarding the food, fat, &e. In the following pages I give an analysis of all the samples, and also of certain other lots of herrings which were preserved at the Laboratory. Together they make a total of 147 samples. The herrings are classified under the following headings:—(a) Immature, ie., herrings that have never spawned; (6) Spawners, 7.¢.. those herrings in which the repro- ductive organs have begun to ripen. They may be recognised several months before they will spawn by the fact that the eggs have begun to show yolk in them. They are sub-divided into winter and summer spawners. (c) Spent herrings. They were further separated into winter and summer spents. The spent is readily recognised immedi- ately after it has spawned, but it becomes more and more difficult to diagnose, as the reproductive organs eventually assume a small, shrunken appearance, which may be confounded with an immature. T have taken as a basis the generally-accepted division of herrings into summer and winter spawning groups. As has been pointed out by several writers, the spawning season for each group is an extended one. It would probably be right to make two extra spawning seasons, viz., spring and autumn. While it seems probable that considerable quantities of herrings spawn in the autumn season, it may be that it is really a season of late summer spawners and early winter spawners. During every month of the year some of the herrings in the samples were full herrings, B 14 Part IIL—Twenty-seventh Annual Report i.e., the condition where the reproductive organ is so large that it can be detected on the outside of the fish, owing to its filling up the abdomen and offering resistance to compression with the fingers. In some cases, ¢.g., Upper Loch Fyne, July, the full herrings have been males chiefly, and they might simply be regarded as complying with a fairly well established fact that the males are ripe before the females. But there are full females occurring then also, and, considering the small number of herrings examined, the fact of their appearance at all in the samples indicates that they must be present in each month in fairly large numbers. Arrangement of Analysis. The form in which the analysis will be arranged is as follows. The herrings are grouped under three districts :—(1) the Clyde, (2) the West Coast, (3) the East Coast. A list of the samples from each district is given for each month of the year. The date of each is stated, but lots belonging to different years are grouped together. In the majority of samples the herrings are mixed. Very often summer spawners are found with winter spawners, immature herrings with herrings that are nearly ripe, spent herrings with others that are preparing to spawn. Hach sample then is divided up into the different classes represented, the number of individuals belonging to each being mentioned. In order to avoid the repetition of the full names, winter spawners, summer spawners, &c., the following contractions are used :—‘“‘8.” and “ W.” stand for summer and winter respectively, while ‘“‘Spg.” and “‘ Aut.” represent spring and autumn ; “Spr.” signifies spawner, while “Spt.” stands for spent. These two con- tractions may be combined with any of the letters denoting the season of the year, thus:—“ W. Spr” means winter spawner, while ‘‘S. Spt.” denotes summer spent. The term spawner (‘‘Spr.”) is applied to a herring as soon as the reproductive organs begin to ripen, 7.¢e., about six months before it spawns, and is continued until the herring becomes a “full” (‘‘F.”) herring. Immature herrings are represented by “Imm.” Immature herrings which show that they have started to ripen, 7.e., in order to spawn for the first time, are denoted by “Imm. dey.” (immature developing). The range of length of the herrings is given in centimetres (cm. ”). The extreme length is given, viz., from the point of the lower jaw to the end of the longest caudal fin-rays. The range in size of the diameter of the eggs in the ovaries is then added in millimetres (“‘mm.”) ‘The breadths of the ovary (“0”) and testis (“‘t”) are given in millimetres. All the ovaries and testes of the herrings have not, however, been measured, so that the data are not to be regarded as exclusive. An important character in the herring is the amount of abdominal fat present. This varies very much. Even in the one class of herrings it is seldom that all the herrings exhibit the same amount of abdominal fat. Very often two quantities are stated, which give an idea of the limits or average condition among each lot. . Where the condition of the stomach was examined the presence or absence of food is noted. The quality of the food of a large number of the herrings here dealt with is treated by Dr. Scott. List of Contractions. Aut.—Autumn. S.-—_Summer. dev.—Developing. Spg.—Spring. F.—Full. Spr.—Spawner. Fat—Abdominal Fat. Spt.—Spent. Imm.—Immature. t—testis. Imm. dev.—Immature developing. W.—Winter, o--Ovary, of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 15 At the end of each month the herrings are slumped, and the characters of each class are then shown in general and discussed. A table gives the weights in grammes of all the herrings at each centimetre size, the weights in grammes of the pair of reproductive organs (ovaries or testes), the breadth of the reproductive organs in mm., and the diameter of the eggs in mm. All the herrings examined in the month are not included, because these data were not noted on every herring. The herrings of each class have been arranged together for each month, and have been grouped in the tables given on pp. 59 to 62. THE SAMPLES OF HERRINGS. JANUARY. CrypE.—Campbeltown, Macrinnan’s Pt., 18th January 1906 :—16 W. Spr. F., 23 to 31 cm.: eggs, 1:1-1°3 mm.: 0, 25-35 mm.; t, 20-30 mm. These herrings had their stomachs full of schizopods. Crype.—Campbeltown, Mouth of Harbour, 20th January 1909 :— 9 Imm., 19 to 23 cm.: eggs, :12,°15 mm.: o, 3-4 mm.: +t, 1°5, 3 mm.: fat, large quantity ; 20 Imm. dev, 18 to 24 em.: eggs, :2,°3 mm.: 0, 3-5 mm.: t, 3-45 mm.: fat, large quantity ; 15 W. Spr., 19 to 25 cm.: eggs, 4—8 mm.: o, 7-15 mm.: t, 10-20 mm.: fat, a little, a large quantity ; 2 8. Spr. 2, 21, 25 cm.: eggs, ‘15, -35 mm.: o, 3, 4 mm.: fat, large quantity; 1S. Spt. g, 25 cm.: t, 4 mm. Ciypr.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 22nd January 1907 :—15 W.Spr. F., 26 to 32 cm.: eggs, 1:1, 1°2 mm.; 0, 22-32 mm.: t, 26-35 mm. : fat, none. They all, with two exceptions, had food in their stomachs. Two stomachs were empty ; the majority of the remainder were distended with copepods. This sample includes some herrings three years old. CuiypE.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 24th January 1907 :—55 W. Spr. F., 23 to 31 cm. : eggs, 1:0-1:3 mm.: 0, 20-34 mm.: t, 20-43 mm.; fat, none or merely a trace. Most of these herrings had remains of food in their stomachs. Some stomachs were filled with copepods, while others were empty. Crypr.—Off Largs, 16th January 1907:—50 W. Spr. 23, to 28 em.: eggs, ‘4-1:2 mm.: o, 6-23 mm.: t, 12-29 mm.: fat, much, none; | 8. Spt. 6, 24 cm.: t, 8 mm., shrunken: fat, none: this is possibly an autumn spent. In most cases there were remains of food (schizopods) in the stomachs ; some stomachs were empty. CiypE. —Gareloch, 22nd January 1907 :—2 Imm. dev., 29, 23 cm.: eggs, ‘25 mm.: o, 3:5 mm.: t,3mm.: fat, large quantity ; 40 W. Spr., 20 to 26 cm.: eggs, ‘6-1:1 mm.: o, 8-24 mm.: t, 7-25 mm.: fat, very little, large quantity. Stomachs empty. Crypr.—Loch Fyne, Ardrishaig, January 1906 :—6 W. Spr., 25 to 32 em, : eggs, 9-1'3 mm. West Coast.—Stornoway, 2-3 miles off Tolsta Sands, 15th January 1907 :—37 W. Spr., 27 to 30 cm.: eggs, *8-1:2 mm.: o, 10-30 mm.: t, 20-34 mm.: fat, none or only a trace. Some stomachs contained the remains of food (crustacea) ; others were empty. West Coast.—Loch Broom, 26th January 1905 :—12 Imm., 19 to 25 mm.: eggs, not yolked: o, small; t, small, pink in colour; 13 8. Spr., 20 to 25 em.: eggs, up to ‘35 mm, getting yolked: o, small, developing: t, small, white ripening; 18 W. Spr., 22 to 30 cm.: eggs, °5-1'2 mm.; 5 Spt., 26 to 29 cm.: eggs, -2, °25 mm., not yolked. East Coast.—Firth of Forth, 3rd January 1908:—112 Imm. and‘Imm. dev., 11 to 22 cm.: eggs, ‘1-2 mm.: 0, 1°25-4 mm.: t, 1-4 mm.: fat, large quantity, a little. The herrings from 15 cm. upwards show eggs ‘17 16 Part I[1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report and ‘2 mm.: they will probably spawn during the summer; 8 W. Spr., 19 to 25 cm.: eggs, 6-9 mm.: 0, 9-12 mm.: t, 15-23 mm.: fat, a little, large quantity. All the stomachs were empty. Summary of Hach Class Represented. Immature, 11 to 25 cm.: eggs, "1-15 mm.: 0, 1°25-4 mm.: t, 1-4 mm.: fat, a large quantity, a little. Imm. pEy., 15 to 24 cm.: eggs, ‘17-3 mm.: 0, 2°2-5 mm.: t, 2-45 mm.: fat, large quantity. W. Spr., 19 to 32 cm.: eggs, *4--1°3 mm.: o, 6-35 mm.: +t, 7-43 mm. ; fat, none, large quantity. S. Spr., 20 to 25 cem.: eggs, 15, °35mm.: o, 3, 4mm.: fat, large quantity. The immature condition in the ovary consists in its clear translucent structure, closely packed septa, solid with eggs. When the eggs are very small they are of an uniform size, whereas the spent roe seems to have a bigger range in size. The immature fishes generally have a large quantity of fat, and that may always give the abdomen a full appearance. The immature testis, 40 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, has a clear glistening outer surface. It has some longitudinal wrinkles on its flattened side. It has a solid spongy structure. If teazed and washed in water, a quantity of white coagulable matter is washed out, leaving a shreddy condition, but no definite honeycomb structure. When the testis begins to ripen (e.g. 48 mm. x 4 mm.) the testis may‘be very soft and pasty in texture. A large quantity of albuminous matter can be washed out, leaving a distinct honeycomb. On teazing an immature testis with needles it tends to split longitudinally. The Winter Spawners had eggs -4-1'3 mm., while the immature develop- ing and summer spawners had eggs ‘15-3 mm. If we add these two lots together we get a complete series from the immature condition right on to the ripe. This would seem to indicate a continuous spawning from January to summer. The testis of a Summer Spent 25 cm. in length measured 71 mm. in length by 4mm. broad. It was pale and opaquish. It was wrinkled longitudin- ally. When a transverse section was cut it proved to be very extensile. _ There was not much albuminous matter washed out, but a honeycomb structure was found. The vas deferens and the blood vessel were large. In the following table the range of weight of the herrings, the weight of the reproductive organs and the breadth of the same, and the size of the eggs in the ovary are given for each size of the fish. The extremes of the ranges are alone given in the case of the total weight and breadth of the reproductive organs. Only where there are more than two values are the extremes united by a dash. In the case of the diameter of the eggs, where two sizes are united by a dash it signifies that eggs occurred at every ‘1mm. Thus where the range (e.g., for 22 cm.) is given as '12—-7, eggs were found, in separate fishes, sib) Lee.) 8,24, "Oy O50 aati. The weight of the reproductive organs means the weight of the pair of testes, or ovaries, of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 17 Weight of | Breadth of Range of j ; Diameter of Length. ie, Reproductive | Reproductive Nill ae Grgans.* Lane Eggs. cm. grammes. grammes. mm. mm. ll E 1.2 +8 12 ict, | 13 2 “li 14 5 15 1—2'5 12, °2 16 1-2:2 17 1-5-4 A 5 Piel 18 1°5-3'5 15-3 19 4p ” 15-15 12-2 20 61, 64 38 2:5-9 "15 252-7 21 68-79 2-5 2-17 "12-35, 5-9 22° Ta-99 4-8 3-18 229 23 80-114 2-13 3-28 15, °35-'8, 1:0-1:2 24 75-125 tesa 4-24 Ni 4 Ge T sted 25} 95-150 3°42] 4-25 *6-1°2 26 108-161 1:2-38 10-32 “2, °25, °5-1:3 27 Rat bo “846 18-30 "1-25, -9-1°3 28 154-243 12-47 17-30 -9-1-2 29 166-238 1:4-48 20-34 °25, 1:0-1:2 30 181-285 6°5-60 10-38 *8-1:2 31 193-321 35-66 25-43 1°0-1:2 32 265-319 5d; 59 28 3 * Herrings from Clyde and West Coast. + Herrings from Clyde, West Coast, and East Coast. FEBRUARY. CuypE.—Campbeltown, Ardnacross Bay, 5th February 1907 :—1 Imm dev. 9, 26 cm.: eggs, °25 mm.: 0, 4mm.: fat, some; 57 W. Spr. F., 22 to 31 cm.: eggs, 1:0-1'25 mm.: o, 16-30 mm.: t, 17-38 mm.: fat, none, a little. All had, with one or two exceptions, big stomachs full of copepods, etc. CiypE.—Campbeltown, Davaar Island, 14th February 1905 :—12 W.Spr. F., 29 to 32 cm. CiypE.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 22nd February 1907 :—4 Imm., 22, 23 cm.; 23 W. Spr. F., 22 to 30 cm.: eggs, 1:0, 1:1 mm.: 0, 14-28 mm.: t, 10-24 mm.: fat, none; 16 W. Spt., 22 to 31 cm.: fat, none. There were remains of food in the stomachs of both fulls and spents. CiypE.—Ballantrae Bank, 28th February 1907 :—41 W. Spr. F., 23 to 27 cm.: eggs, 1:1-1°35 mm.: o, 17-28 mm.: t, 20-30 mm.: fat, none. Their stomachs were empty; in one fish there was a brown fluid in the gut. Crypz.—-Loch Striven, 20th February 1907 :—169 Imm., 14 to 23 cm.: eggs, 1,15 mm.: 0, 2-4 mm.: t, 2, 3 mm.: fat, large quantity, some; 18 Imm. dev., 17 to 21 em.: eggs, ‘25-4 mm.: o, 3-5 mm.: t, 4 mm.: fat, large quantity; 22 Spg. Spr., 17 to 21 cm.: eggs, 4-6 mm.: o, 5-8 mm.: t, 4-8 mm.: fat, large quantity, none; 31 W. Spr., 18 to 21 cm.: eggs, ‘7-1:1 mm.: 0, 9-16 mm.: t, 7-19 mm: fat, none, some. The stomachs were empty. Wesr Coast.—Stornoway, off Cellar Head, 5th February 1908 :—27 W. Spr. F., 27 to 31 em. Food was found in one fish; the stomachs of the others were empty. 18 Part ITI —Twenty-seventh Annual Report West Coasr.—Stornoway, 2-3 miles off Tolsta Sands, 12th February 1907 :—35 W. Spr., 24 to 32 cm.: eggs, -8-1:1 mm.: o, 15-27 mm.: t, 20-32 mm.: fat, none, some. Schizopods anda sand-eel were observed in certain stomachs; the majority of the latter were empty. Wesr Coast.—Stornoway, 14 miles N.-W. of Butt of Lewis, 23rd . February 1899 :—7 W. Spr. F., 29-34°5 cm. West Coast.—Loch Broom, 17th February 1905:—4 Imm. dev., 21 to 24 cm.; 2 Spg. Spr. db, 23 em.; 4 W. Spr. F., 25 to 27 cm. East Coast.—Firth of Forth, 18th February 1909:—4 Imm_, 21, 22 cm.: 0, very small: t, very small: fat, large quantity ; 24 W. Spr., 21 to 27 em.: eggs, ‘9-1‘1 mm.; 1 W. Spt. 9, 21cm. A little food was observed in certain of the stomachs. Kast Coast.— Vicinity of St. Andrews Bay, llth February 1903 :— 4 Imm., 14 to 19 em.: fat, large quantity, none; 12 W. Spr. F., 23 to 28 cm. Kast Coast.—Firth of Tay, 8th February 1905:—50 Imm., 7 to 19 em.: eggs, ‘07-15 mm.: 0, 1°5-3°5 mm.: t, ‘7-3 mm.: fat, large quantity, none; 1 W. Spr. F. 3, 17 cm.: t, 10 mm.: fat, some. East Coast.—Firth of Tay, 26th February 1906:—379 Imm., 8 to 20 cm.: o, 2 mm.: fat, a little; 2 Imm. dev. 18, 19 cm.: o, 4 mm; t, 5 mm.; 2 W. Spr. 9, 21 cm. East Coast.—Moray Firth, 8th February 1905:—2 Imm. 13, 14 em.: fat, none; 4 Imm., 15 to 18 mm.: fat, large quantity; 11 Imm. dev., 17 to 22 cm.: fat, large quantity; 4 W. Spr. F., 21 to 26 cm. Summary. InmaTurE, 8 to 23 cm.: eggs, 07-15 mm.: 0, 15-4 mm.: t, ‘7-3 mm.: fat, large quantity, none. Imm. DEv., 17 to 24, 26 cm.: eggs, ‘25-4 mm.: o, 3-5: t, 4 mm.: fat, large quantity, some. Spa. Spr., 17 to 23 em.: eggs, ‘4-6 mm.: o, 5-8 mm.: t, 4-8 mm.: fat, large quantity, none. W. Spr., 17 to 34 em.: eggs, ‘7-1:35 mm.: o, 9-30 mm.: t, 7-38 mm.: fat, none, some. Immature.—The immature ovary is plump, smooth on the outside except for the curved bossing, due to the growth of the eggs stretching the skin. The vein is wide. The eggs are, under the microscope, visible through the skin. The lower edge of the ovary is crenate, marking the internal transverse division by septa. In section the ovary is triangular or wedge-shaped. The section is filled with eggs, which are closely packed in the septa. There is no spacing between the eggs, which in one fish 17 cm. long were ‘1 mm. in diameter. Some eggs were larger ; they were oval, measuring in long diameter'15 mm. The eges have very large nuclei. Some very small eges—viz., ‘03 mm. in diameter—were also noticed. In a spent ovary there is usually spacing between the eggs when the majority are as small as the above. The immature testis, in herrings 14-16 cm. long, bas a smooth, un- wrinkled external skin; the vas deferens and the vein are large. The testis is a solid filled with small cells. On teazing a portion in water very little of the white coagulable matter was washed out. No honeycomb structure was made out. The testis is a little crenate along its free edge. Winter Spawners.—They measured from 17 to 34 cm. in length; 17 cm. or less is then the lower limit of the first spawning shoal of winter spawners. When all the winter spawners, viz., winter spawning developing, table, p. 61, and “ fulls,” table, p. 60, are combined, there appears to be a break in the series at 27 cm., but I am not able to regard that size of any definite significance. ) of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 19 Some of the herrings from Ballantrae Bank were running. A number of spents appeared in certain of the samples. Some of these were just spent, while others had spawned some time previously ; this fact was indicated by the condition of the reproductive organs, which were shrunken a little and recovered to some extent. If the herrings with developing reproductive organs be combined, we shall have a complete series of ovaries from the immature up to the ripe condition, and having ova from ‘1 up to 1:3 mm. T assume that the herrings that are just starting to develop with eggs, say, ‘25 mm. in diameter will spawnin summer. And as some of the herrings are spawning at present, it would seem to prove that spawning must take place con- tinuously from winter to summer. Comparatively large eggs are found in small ovaries of fishes 17 to 21 em. in length. Eggs °3 mm. in diameter were found in ‘ovaries 3 and 4 mm. broad; eggs -4 mm. in diameter, in ovaries 4-6 mm. broad; eggs ‘> mm. in diameter, in ovaries 5-7 mm. broad; eggs *6 mm. in diameter, in ovaries 7 and 8 mm. broad; eggs ‘8 mm. in diameter, in ovaries 9 and 10 mm, broad ; eggs ‘9 mm. and upwards in diameter, in ovaries 10-17 mm. broad. Bice. ae Weight of | Breadth of Length. War. ht* Reproductive | Reproductive 8 Organs.* | Organs. f Diameter of Eggs. T cm. gr ammes. grammes 0 MN mn, 11 1 12 1, 15 07 13 1-2 07, ‘1 14 % 1-1-5 ‘] 15 22-26 15-25 | +1 16 23-30 "i 15-3 | 17 31-35 a 2-10 15, °3, -4 18 31-52 5-3 2-14 1, °3, 24 19 39-52 8-6 3-19 15, -2,°4,°5, 7-11 2() 47-60 2-5 By 5, +6, 9, 1:0 2] 62, 68 1-8-9 2-18 6, °8, 1-1 22 62-77 8, 10 16,17 | -9, 1-2 23 72-111 2-94 3-29 1:0-1°3 24 92-126 9-39 17-28 1-:0-1°3 25 98-131] ay 18-30 1-0, 1-1 26 110-153 5-35 4-33 25, 1:0-1:2 27 133-172 14-35 18-28 1-0-1:3 28 139-184 10-36 17238 ‘9-1-2 29 153-203 10-39 15-30 ‘8-1-2 30 163-230 17-47 16-30 1-0-1-2 31 213-301 40-81 29, 33 32 236 42 32 * Herrings from Clyde and West Coast. + Herrings from Clyde, West Coast, and East Coast. Marca. CriypE.—Campbeltown, off Isle of Ross, 4th March 1908 :—54 W. Spt., 24 to 29 cm. CiyDE.—Campbeltown, Mouth of Loch, 11th March 1905:—2 W. Spr., F. d., 24, 26 em.; 22 W. Spt., 21 to 27 cm. 20 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report CiypE.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 24th March 1903 :—27 W. Spt., 21 to 29 cm.: eggs, 1-2 mm. CiypE.—Campbeltown, Kildalloig Bay, 12th March 1907 :—1 Imm. g., 23 cm.: t, 3°5 mm.: fat, a little; 1 Imm. dev. ?, 22 cm: eggs, 35 mm.: o, 4 mm.: fat, a little; 47 W. Spt., 22 to 28 cm.: fat, none, much. Food was generally present, in some cases in large quantity, in the stomachs. CuypE.—Machrie Bay, Arran, 24th March 1908:—10 W. Spr. F., 21 to 23 cm.; 43 W. Spt., 21 to 28 cm. CiypE.—Ballantrae Bank, 13th March 1907 :—42 W. Spr. F., 23 to 29 em.: eggs, 1:1-1:25 mm.: 0, 17-25 mm.: t, 22, 26 mm.: fat, none, a trace ; 1 W. Spt. 3.,27 cm. One full herring had food in its stomach. No food was found in the other herrings examined. CiypE.—Kilbrennan Sound, Carradale, 26th March 1907 :—83 W. Spt., 21 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘12 and ‘15 mm.: fat, none. In the majority of cases food (copepods and schizopods) was present. Some herrings had large stomachs filled with these forms. Crype.—Kilbrennan Sound, near Skipness Wharf, 27th March 1907 :— 2 Imm. ¢., 22, 23 cm.: t, 2°5, 3 mm.: fat, some; 1 Imm. dev. @., eggs, -3 mm.: o, 4 mm.: fat, none; 1 W. Spr. F. 9., 21 cm.: fat, none; 111 W. Spt., 19 to 26 cm.: eggs, ‘1--2 mm.: 0, 3-9 mm.: t, 3-10 mm. : fat, none, some; 48. Spr., 22 to 24 cm.: eggs, °3--45 mm.: o, 4-6 mm.: fat, much, none. West Coast.—Stornoway, 12th March 1907 :—26 W. Spr. F., 26 to 31 cm.: eggs, 1:1-1:2 mm.: 0, 20 mm.: fat, none; 26 W. Spt., 27 to 33 em.: fat, none. Both full and spent herrings had big stomachs full of schizopods ; in both classes some stomachs were empty. West Coast.—Loch Broom, 16th March 1905 :—8 Imm., 18 to 22 em.: eggs, '15 mm.; 1 W. Spr. F. 2., 25 em.; 2 W. Spt., 22, 26 em.; 148. Spr., 18 to 22 cm.: eggs, ‘25-35 mm. East Coast.—Anstruther, 25th March 1905 :—31 W. Spr. F., 20 to 26 cm. Summary. ImmaturE.—18 to 23 cm.: eggs, 15 mm.: t, 2°5-3°5 mm.: fat, some, Imm. DEV.—22, 23 cm.: eggs, ‘3, °35 mm.: o, 4 mm.: fat, none. W. Spr. F.—20 to 31 em.: eggs, 1:1, 1:2 mm.: o, 17-23 mm.: t, 22, 26 mm.: fat, none, a trace. W. Spr.—19 to 33 em.: eggs, ‘1-"2 mm.: 0, 3-9 mm.: t, 3-10 mm.: fat, none, much. : S. Spr.—l8 to 24 cm.: eggs, -25—-45 mm.: 0, 4-6 mm.: fat, much, none. Winter Spawners.—In the hind part of the oviduct of the full herring the ripe eggs were concreted together, and the eggs had, through mutual pressure, assumed a spindle-shape. The germinal tissue between the ripe eggs in the ovary contains cges measuring from ‘(5-2 mm. in diameter. In the ripe testis the milt isin the form of a white pasty material. The skin of the testis is ridged in the form of a honeycomb on its internal surface ; blood vessels run through it. Winter Spents.—The spent fish is thin, slack in the abdomen, and very often has no abdominal fat. When recently spent the reproductive organ is very soft and flabby. In the ovary old eggs which had been ripe, but which had not been extruded, may be found loose; the other eggs present in the ovarian tissue are minute, about -15--2 mm. in diameter. The ovary soon shrinks to a small size. Some spent ovaries were as small as 3 and 3°5 mm. in breadth. They may shrink to a flattened condition. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 21 The testis is very similar. Old sperm can be washed out of the testis, leaving an open honeycomb, sponge structure. Some of the testes had shrunk to a breadth of 2°5 and 3 mm. Herrings from Clyde and West Coast. Weight of | Breadth of Length. abe: oa ae the rgans. Organs. em. grammes. grammes. mm mm. 19 dt re 3 : 20 56 “1 2°5, 3 ly 21 54-67 be 2°5-7 aH) 22 62-84 <1 25-7 1-4 23 71-99 < 2-20 3-21 1-35, 1-2 24 81-110 1-18 3-22 "1-3, 1:2 25 89-128 1-8-2383 9-26 “Ze lo ilt 26 100-137 <1-14 8-17 "kD, F-2 27 103-163 11-28 aS, ee Ee 28 111-176 16, 22 as Ee), 2 29 143-189 og 5" 30 171-191 33 194 APRIL. CiypE.—Campbeltown, off Macrinnan’s Point, 3rd April 1906 :—1 W. Spr. 2, 20 em.: partly spawned; 85 W. Spt., 21 to 28 cm.: eggs, °05, ‘1 mm.: 0, 10, 15 mm.: t, 8-14 mm.: fat, none. There was food (cope- pods) in many stomachs ; some were empty. Ciype.—Campbeltown, off Macrinnan’s Pvint, 21st April 1908 :—2 Imm. d, 22, 24 em,: t, very small: fat, great quantity; 77 W. Spt., 19 to 28 cm.: fat, none, some. The stomachs were empty. CiypE.—Campbeltown, off Isle of Ross, 8th April 1908 :—74 W. Spt., 22 to 28 cm.: fat, none. The stomachs were empty. CiypE.—Campbeltown, Machrie Bay, 9th April 1907 :—100 W. Spt., 0, 4-13 mm.: t, 3-13 mm.: fat, none. Traces of food were present in the stomachs. Ciype.—Kilbrennan Sound, 1 mile N. of Skipness, 10th April 1908 :-— 1 Imm. @, 20 cm.: 0, small: fat, great quantity; 110 W. Spt., 19 to 27 cm. : o, small: t, small: fat, none, some. Food was noticed in some cases; it consisted of copepods and schizopods. Ciypr.—Loch Fyne, near Crossaig, 29th April 1905 :—88 W. Spt., 22 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘1-17: fat, none, some. Some of the spents are beginning to lay up abdominal fat. The stomachs were large and full of copepods. CiypE.—Loch Fyne, Tarbert, 22nd April 1905:—9 W. Spt., 21 to 25 cm.: t, 3 mm.: fat, none. CiypE.—Loch Fyne, Tarbert, 27th April 1905:—19 Imm., 17 to 21 cm.: eggs, "1-25: 0, 2-4 mm.: t, 2-4 mm.; 2 8. Spr. g, 18, 19 cm.: t, 5mm.; 3 W. Spt., 19, 21 cm.: eggs, "1 mm.: o, 6 mm.: t, 4, 5 mm. Ciypr.—Loch Fyne, Ardrishaig, 4th April 1905:—2 W. Spr. F., 27, 29 cm. (one partly spawned): fat, none; 6 W. Spt., 21 to 29 cm.: fat, 22 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report none, a trace; 1 8. Spr. d, 22 cm.: fat, none. The sample consists of two classes of fish—one thin, the other class thicker in the body; 7.e., some of the spents have recovered to some extent. Ciype,—Loch Fyne, Kilmichael Beg, 23rd April 1906 :—304 Imm., 14 to 23 em.: eggs, ‘(05-15 mm.: o, 15-5 mm.: t, 1-4 mm.: fat, some; 2 Imm. dev., 21, 22 cm.: eggs, ‘25 mm.: t, 5 mm.: fat, some; 1 W. Spr. F. 9, 22 cm.: eggs, 1:'4mm.; 28. Spr. d, 21, 22 cm.: t, 9,10 mm.: fat, some; 127 W. Spt., 19 to 26 cm.: eggs, 05-15 mm.: o, 4-6 mm.: tf, 4-7 mm.: fat, some. The stomachs contained copepods, and in some cases schizopods ; only a few were empty. This sample of herrings was captured by Dr. Fulton. East Coast.—Anstruther, 7th April 1905:—24 W. Spr. F., 21 to 27 cm.; 2 W. Spt., 23, 30 cm.: eggs, 15 mm. Hast Coast.—Aberdeen, 115 miles H.S.E. of, 24th April 1908:—5 Imm., 23 cm.: o, 1, 4 mm.: t, 3°5 mm.: fat, large quantity; 154 8. Spr., 21 to 27 cm.: eggs, ‘2-35 mm.: o, 3-7°5 mm.: t, 3-9 mm.: fat, from a large quantity to none—as a rule, very little, or none; 12 W. Spt., 21 to 26 cm.: eggs, °2 mm.: o, 4, and flabby condition: t, 5-5, and “skin” condition : fat, little or none. The stomachs were empty. Summary. ImMmMaturE.—14-24 cm.: eggs, ‘05-'25 mm.: o, 1-5 mm.: t, 1-4 mm.: tat, some, great quantity. (See Analysis given below.) Imm. pEv.— 18, 21, 22 cm.: eggs, °25 mm.; t, 5 mm.: fat, some. S. Spr.—l7-27 cm.: eggs, °2--35 mm.: 0, 3-7°5 mm.: t, 3-10 mm.: fat, asa rule a little, but also large quantity, and none. (See Analysis given below.) W. Spr. F.—20-27 cm.: eggs, 1°4 mm. W. Spr.—19-30 cm.: eggs, -°05--2 mm.: o, 4-15 mm.: t, 3-14 mm.: fat, none, some. The herrings (immature, summer spawners, and winter spents) examined during this month are characterised by having a small amount of abdominal fat. The immature herrings were got in Kilmichael Beg, while the summer spawners were obtained in the North Sea. On reference to the table it will be seen that the immature herrings measured from 14 to 24 cm. in length. These I regard as winter-spawning herrings, which will spawn for the first time in the following winter. The winter spawners of the past winter are represented by the spents measuring from 19--30 cm. This lot contains the first spawning group. In Kilmichael Beg the winter spents measured from 19 to 26cm. There is therefore a year’s difference in age between the immature and the winter spents. The summer spawners measure from 17 to 27 cm. They will probably spawn for the first time within three or four months. In age they come about midway between the immature and winter spents. Taking the age of the winter-spawning herring from February, I regard the immature herrings as being fourteen months old, the winter spents as two years and two months, while the summer spawners, counting from the month of August, are twenty months old (wide p. 57). Nowinthe matter of the abdominal fat, the immature and summer spawners are little better than the winter spents. The immature are beginning to store up fat; some have already a large quantity, but most have little. The winter spents show a similar condition. During the summer the winter spents and immatures will store up much fat and become ‘“ matjes”—that is, very fat herrings having small reproductive organs which are about to ripen. The herrings have probably been growing since the winter. The summer spawning herrings will not lay up of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 23 abdominal fat at this season, since the food material will be required for forming the roe and milt. The rate of growth is discussed at pp. 57 to 64. The analysis of the herrings from the standpoint of the amount of abdominal fat is given in the following table :— Abdominal Fat. IMMATURE. S. Spr. W. Spr. Hepsth. L Practi- L Practi- 0 age _| Some. | cally a'8° | Some.| None. || Some.| cally Quantity. NEO Quantity. None cm. 14 pe 5 1 15 3 8 2 16 6 3 4 Lye 2 5 2 18 1 8 3 Ne 19 28 5 1 20 64 14 = 2 21 60 20 1 10 9 22, 1 15 12, 2 6 5 18 df 23 4 1 8 21 15 20 6 24 1 12 23 20 14 rf 25 2 Teli 16 3 4 26 4 4 Di 27 1 The Winter Spents show various stages of recovery after spawning. Some ovaries and testes are flabby, skin-like; others are shrinking and filling; some have shrunk to a small size. Ina sample of herrings different states of the reproductive organs may be found, showing that the herrings represented there had spawned at different times. Old unspawned ripe eggs were observed in several ovaries. They were to be detected even in shrunken ovaries. Some of the ovaries are becoming plump, although soft. On cutting a transverse section of a spent ovary a wide lumen is usually found in the oviduct. In one female 27 em. long the new crop of eggs (of which the largest measured ‘17 mm. diameter) was being formed. The ovary was not, however, filled up; there was room between the eggs. Traces of fat folds appear in the abdomen in some of the spents. Winter Spawners.—The winter spawners were full, in some cases partly spawned. |TABLE 24 Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report Herrings from the Clyde. Weight of | Breadth of Range of : ; Diameter of Length. : Reproductive | Reproductive P eae Oe Ones: 88s: em. grammes. grammes. mm. mm. 14 12, 20: eh , 15 15-19 bi: 15 05 16 14-28 By si "05 Wg 21-29 <'l 2,3 05 18 22-37 lh ak 1-3 05-2 19 29-49 ly 15-3 mal ales 20 31-54 eel. P| 1:5-8 05, 15 21 29-59 | 1-10 "05-25 22 36-74 <‘l-6'8 2°5-9 05-25, 1:4 23 45-88 <‘l-1-1 1-12 05-25 24 49-96 2-8 4-13 "05-35 25 62-107 Lb 4-13 05-25 26 58-107 4 7-14 lL 27 76-137 12, 20 aL 28 67 29 88 30 78 Herrings from the neighbourhood of Ardrishaig (including Inverneil Bay, Castleton Bay), between March 30th and May 5th 1905.—They were as follows :— 66 Imm., 16-32 cm.: eggs, 15 mm.: 0, 3, 4mm.: t, 1-5-4 mm.: fat, large quantity, none; 6 W. Spr. F., 28, 29 cm.: 0, 21 mm,: t, 20-27 mm.: fat, none; 19 W. Spt., 20-30 cm.: eggs, (15 mm.: 0, 35-9 mm.: t, 2-11 mm,: fat, much, practically none; 3 S. Spr. ¢, 22, 27 cm.: t, 7-12 mm. : fat, none. Only one full female was obtained; it was partly spent. Five full males were obtained ; one was partly spent. Of the full herrings five had empty stomachs. In three the stomach was shrunken. Some immature herrings had stomachs full of copepods ; one or two had empty stomachs, while in the case of four the stomach was shrunken, May. Crypz.—Campbeltown, off Brown Head, 15th May 1907 :—52 W. Spt., 24 to 28 cm.: eggs, 12-2 mm.: 0, 5-8 mm.: t, 4-7 mm.: fat, a little, none; 18. Spr. 2., 24 cm.: eggs, °75 mm.: 0, 11 mm.: fat, none. Some of the stomachs were full of copepods: others were empty. Some pelagic fish-eggs were seen in one stomach. Crype.—Campbeltown, Machrie Bay, Arran :—73 W. Spt., 23 to 27 em.: eggs,"2mm. The stomachs contained copepods. CLyDE.— 4 30th May 1908 :—96 W. Spt., 22 to 29 em.: eggs, ‘land ‘15 mm.: 0, 5 mm.: t, 4 mm.: fat, some, much. The stomachs were full of copepods and schizopods. Curypr.—Loch Fyne, between Skipness and Laggan, 11th May 1909 :— 17 Imm., 19 to 25 em.: eggs, ‘17-2 mm.: 0, 3 and 4 mm.: t, 2-4 mm.: fat, much, none; 1 8S. Spr. 2., 21 em.: eggs, 5 mm.: o, 4 mm.: fat, i OL of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 2 much; 76 W. Spt., 21 to 30 cm.: t, 4 mm.: fat, none, some. The stomachs were full of copepods. Cuypr.—Loch Fyne, 1 mile S. of Tarbert, 15th May 1906:—1 Full herring, 3, nearly ripe, 25 cm.: t, 24 em. : fat, practically none; 45 Imm., 18 to 23 cm.: eggs, ‘1-2 mm.: 0, 15-4 mm.: t, ‘2-4 mm.: fat, much, some ; 21 W. Spt., 21 to 24 cm.: eggs, (05-15 mm.: o, 25-8 mm.: t, 5 and 6 mm.: fat, much, some. In most cases the stomachs contained copepods. CrypE.—Loch Fyne, Ardrishaig (?), 14th May 1908 :—6 Imm., 19 to 23 cm. : eggs, ‘15 mm.: t, 2-35 mm.: fat, large quantity, some ; 1S. Spr. 2., 20 cm.: eggs, °27 mm.: 0, 4 mm.: fat, much; 90 W. Spt., 20 to 27 cm.: eggs, 12-2 mm.: 0, 3-8 mm.: t, 3-5 mm.: fat, some, much, none. The stomachs were empty in some fishes ; food was found in certain cases. CiypE—Loch Fyne, near Ardrishaig, 7th May 1908:—1 Imm. @., 14 em. : eggs, ‘1 mm.: fat, a little; 14 W. Spt., 20 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘1, ‘12 mm.: fat, a little, none. The stomachs, with two exceptions, were empty ; these were filled with copepods and schizopods. Ciype.— Upper Loch Fyne, 23rd May 1906 :—1 Full herring, ?., 18 cm. : eggs, 1:1 mm.: ovary,9mm. [This fish seemed to be partly spent.] 139 Imm., 15 to 22 cm. : eggs, 1,15 mm.: +, 7, and flattened: fat, large quantity (in one case, a trace of fat only); 3 W. Spt. 2., 21, 22 cm.: old eggs in ovary in one case: 0, 7 mm., thin skin condition: fat, much. The stomachs were, with a few exceptions, full of copepods ; the few exceptions were empty. Crypr—Upper Loch Fyne, 19th May 1905 :—1 Full herring, ¢., 35cm. ; iW spt. 2.; 35 em. West Coasr.—Stornoway, 20 miles N. of Rona, 26th May 1905 :— 11 Imm., 20 to 25 em.: eggs, 1-15 mm.: 0, 4,5 mm.: t, 3, 5 mm.; 11 S. Spr., 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, ‘3-5 mm.. t, 9, 10 mm.; 3 Full herrings, 25, 26 cm. (one d, 26 em., was partly spawned) ; 22 W. Spt., 22 to 26 cm. : eggs, 15-25 mm.: t, 6-13 mm. West Coast.—Stornoway, 17th May 1907:—1 S. Spr. 9. 28 cm.: eggs, ‘7 mm.: o, 14 mm.: fat, much; 48 W. Spt., 26 to 30 cm.: eggs, ‘1, ‘15 mm.: 0, 6-8 mm.: t, 8 mm: fat, large quantity, some. There was food present in some stomachs. . East Coast.—Aberdeen Bay, 15th May 1902 :—22 Imm., 12 to 16 cm.: o, 2mm.: t, 1:5 mm.: fat, large quantity, some. East Coast.—Aberdeen, 40 miles E. by N. of Buchan Ness, 15th May 1908 :—49 S. Spr., 22 to 27 cm.: eggs, °25-4 mm.: o, 5-14 mm.: t, 4-14 mm.: fat, some, much, none. Some of these herrings had the stomach full of copepods and schizopods ; others had empty stomachs. Summary. ImmaturE.—12-25 em.: eggs, "1-2 mm.: 0, 15-5 mm.: t, 2-5 mm.: fat, “a little” to “ large quantity.” Fuii.—18-26 cm. : eggs, 1:1 mm.: 0, 9 mm.: t, 24 mm.: fat, practically none. W. Spr.— 20-35 em. : eggs, ‘05-25 mm.: 0, 2°5-8 mm.: t, 4-13 mm.: fat, from “none” to “a large quantity ” (Stornoway). S. Spr.—20-28 om. : eggs, 25-5, ‘7, °75 mm.: o, 5-14 mm.: t, 4, 14 mm.: fat, “none” to “ much.” Immature.—The ovary was more or less solid. The testis was shreddy in structure. The amount of abdominal fat varied. In some it was large ; in others it was practically absent. Full.—Six full herrings were obtained ; both sexes were represented, Certain of these were partly spawned, 26 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report S. Spr.—tThe ovary and testis were in many cases small but ripening. The ovary was red or pink in colour, clear, plump, and soft. The eggs are yolked. When the eggs were 25 it was possible in some cases to detect the small opaquish eggs with the naked eye. White vessels are visible in the ovary, which is elastic in nature. The ovary soon becomes opaque in formaline solution, showing that it contains an albuminous fluid. The testis is clear, pink, ~ soft, and sometimes shows longitudinal wrinkles on its flat side. When teazed in fresh water it gets opaque owing to the coagulation of its fluid. It is filled with this fluid, which, when the testis is cut, oozes out and coagulates to a fine white powdery precipitate. If the portion of tissue is washed well in water a shreddy and sometimes the honeycomb structure is visible. The abdomen is slack. Winter Spent.—The reproductive organ may be flabby, thin, or shrunk, skin-like. When it begins to develop again it becomes plump, clear, and red or pink in colour. The stroma is gauzy, loose, with the eggs scattered through it, not packed close together. Eggs in the process of division are present. There is a considerable lumen in the ovary ; the oviducal part is wide. Asa rule there were no yolked eggs in these spents. A certain amount of white matter (coagulated albuminous fluid) comes out when the ovary is teazed in water. The testis may be flabby, pink, soft, shrunk, small, or skin-like. The outside skin may be deeply wrinkled. The testis, although shrivelled, shows the honeycomb or sponge structure. Some albuminous matter comes out of the tissue, which is shreddy. The winter spents from Stornoway were very fat, much fatter than those from the Clyde. Range of HY Tab ee || | teen) Diameter of Length. Waicht y | Reproductive | Reproductive Basen ay Organs.* Organs. T SB om. grammes. grammes. mm. mm. 12 2 13 : 14 Me Le it 15 17, 23 bit sts 16 23, 28 Si Ay 21 ky 33, 37 ne os 18 30-48 2 td 3, 9 Lopate us) 34-60 ee, 1-5-4 1-2 20 33-67 ae, 2-4 15-27 21 42-77 1—7 2°5-7 UU) 22 52-77 1-3 2-7 05-25 23 52-96 1-3 2-6 1-3 24 64-104 2,°4 4—]] 1-:25, °75 25 74-114 5 3-24 1-4 26 95-128 4-10 1—3 27 110-162 : 5-12 15-35 28 124-171 6, 5 6-14 a Ma 17 29 143-172 af Ae ve 30 154-178 bs a) it 35 295, 379 at ai * Herrings from Clyde and West Coast. + Herrings from Clyde, West Coast, and East Coast. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Herrings from Ardrishaig, Loch Fyne, date ? April or May 204 Imm., 16 to 23 em.: egos, ‘05-25 mm. o, 2-4 mm. : t, 2-5 mm.: fat, large quantity, but in some cases only a Mitte or none; | Full, 9., 21 cm.: eggs, 1:0 mm.: fat, little or none; 24 W. Spt., 18 to 23 cm.: eges, ‘1, 15 mm.: o, 3-10 mm.: t, 4-7 mm.: fat, asa rule a fair quantity, it varied from “ much ” to “a little” or “none.” The fishes were feeding on copepods ; a certain proportion had empty stomachs, Table of the Sizes of the Herrings. Length ee W. Spt. Full cm. 2 16 1 an 17 4 sz 18 17 1 19 48 ss 20 79 1 My 21 43 5 it 22 9 12 23 3 5 Weight of | Breadth of ; Length EN Reproductive | Reproductive ygeenie a eight. ce One: Eggs. ans. rgans. em. grammes. grammes. mm. mm leh 37, 44 | 3 “il 18 46—54 ral ge 2-7 15 19 43-61 <‘l-4 2-4 1-2 20 49-74 1-4 2-5 1-25 21 56-81 1—5 2-5 kote O 22 67-92 1-8 2-10 "05-15 23 68-102 2-11 2°5-7 i JUNE. CiyDE.—Campbeltown, Davaar I., 4th June 1908 :—46 W. Spt. 23 to 29 cm.: eggs, °12---25 mm.: 0, we mm.: t, agit mm.: fat, large quantity, some; 18. Spr. 9, 27 cm.: eggs, 35 mm. fat, some. The stomachs contained food ; in some cases es they were full. SE ——Campbeltown, Saddel Ee 6th June by be :—83 W. Spt., 21 to 28 cm.: eggs, "1-2 mm.: o, 4-6 mm.: t, 2-5 mm.: fat, great quantity ; 38. Spr., 23, 24 cm. : eggs, "3, ‘4mm. : fat, great quantity. These herrings appeared to be spents. They may have been summer (autumn) spents. The stomachs contained copepods. CriypE.—Campbeltown, 7 miles 8.W. of Sanda, 18th June 1908 :—55 W. Spt., 21 to 27 em.: eggs, 15, °2 mm.: o, 4-10 mm. t, 3-9 mm. ee great quantity ; 4S. Spr., 26, 27 cm.: eggs, ‘3-55 mm.: o, 9-16 mm. t, 12 mm.: fat, great quantity, much. Some had food in the stomach ; others had none. Ciypr.—Campbeltown, Brown Head, Arran, 20th June 1907 :—84 W. Spt., 22 to 28 cm. ; eggs, ‘12-25 mm.; o, 2-6 mm.; t, 2-6 mm. ; fat, 28 Part ITT.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report great quantity; 18.Spr. 9, 25 cm.: eggs, -4 mm.: o, 10 mm,: fat, great quantity ; 3 Unclassified, 24 cm.: 0, 7 mm.: fat, great quantity. Crypr.—4 miles W.N.W. of Girvan, lst June 1906:—48 Imm., 19 to 27 cm.: eggs, 1-2 mm.: 0, 2°5-6 mm.: t, 2-8 mm.: fat, great quantity, some; 20 W. Spt., 23 to 25 cm.: eggs, 1,°15 mm. : o, skin-like, 7-10 mm. : t, skin-like, 5-9 mm.: fat, great quantity, a little; 1S. Spr. 2, 23 cm.: eggs, 35 mm.. 0, 8 mm.: fat, great quantity; 16 Unclassified, 21 to 26 em.: eggs, ‘1,15 mm.: o, 5-8 mm.: t,5 mm.: fat, great quantity, some. The stomachs were full of copepods. CiypE.—Rothesay Bay, lst June 1906 :—89 Imm., 15 to 21 cm.: eggs, ‘1 mm.: o, 4mm.: fat, much, Most of the fishes had stomachs full of copepods. Ciypr.—Loch Fyne, between Laggan and Tarbert, 23rd June 1908 :— 70 W. Spt., 24 to 29 cm.: eggs, '1-'25 mm.: o, 7-15 mm.: t, 6-10 mm.: fat, great quantity. Ciypr.—Loch Fyne, south of Tarbert, 13th June 1906 :—56 Imm., 18 to 23 cm.: eggs, 1-25 mm.: 0, 2-5 mm.: t, 2-5 mm.: fat, great quan- tity, some; 16 W. Spt., 19 to 25 cm.; eggs, ‘1-2 mm., 0, 2-7 mm.: t, 5 mm.: fat, large quantity; 17 Unclassified, 19 to 24 em.: eggs, *1, ‘2 mm.: o, 3-5 mm.; t, 5 mm.: fat, large quantity. The stomach contained cope- pods in many cases ; about halt the total number were empty. Criypr.—Loch Fyne, Otter, 20th June 1907:—1 S. Spr. 2, 24cm. : eggs, 5 mm.: 0, 5 mm.: fat, great quantity; 11 W. Spt., 21 to 25 cm.: o, 3-10 mm.: t, 3-6 mm.: fat, great quantity. Stomachs empty. Crypre.—Loch Fyne, Lochgair, 1st June 1906:—38 Imm., 18 to 23 cm.: eggs, ‘1--2 mm.: 0, 3, 4mm.: t, 2-6 mm.: fat, great quantity; 15 W. Spt., 20 to 25 cm.: eggs, ‘1, °15 mm.: 0, 5 and 6 mm.: t, 5 mm.: fat, great quantity ; 20 Unclassified, 19 to 23 cm.: t, 5 mm.: fat, great quantity ; 18. Spr. 9, 23 em.: eggs, °3 mm.: 0, 5 mm.; fat, great quantity. The stomachs, with a few exceptions, contained copepods; a small proportion were empty. ; Crype.— Upper Loch Fyne, 9th June 1906 :—64 Imm., 16 to 21 cm.: egos, (1-25 mm.: o, 2-4 mm.: t, 1:5-4 mm.: fat, great quantity; 4 S. Spr., 18 to 20 cm.: eggs, °35 and °4 mm.: o, 4and 5 mm.: t, 6 and 7 mm.: fat, great quantity ; 3 W. Spt., 21, 22 cm.: eggs, ‘1, 15 mm.: 0, 4,6 mm.: fat, great quantity. The stomachs were, with three exceptions, empty ; three contained copepods. West Coast.—Off Lochboisdale, 4 mile from shore, 19th June 1906 :— 68 Imm., 22 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘1-25 mm.: 0, 2°5-5 mm.: t, 3-7 mm.: fat, large quantity, some; 25 W. Spt., 23 to 29 cm.: eggs, °2, ‘25 mm.: o, 5-8 mm.: t, 8 mm.: fat, large quantity ; 8 S. Spr., 23 to 27 cm. : eggs, ‘3-4, 1-1 mm.: o, 5-15 mm.: t, 13, 14 mm.: fat, large quantity ; 6 Un- classified, 24 to 27 cm. : eggs, 15 mm.: 0, 5 mm.: t, 6 mm.: fat, large quantity. One of the S. Spr., viz.,a 9, 25 cm., was full. The stomachs contained copepods, in some cases in large quantity ; a few stomachs were empty. West Coast.—} mile off Knock, Lewis, 28th June 1906 :—8 Imm., 23 to 26 cm.: eggs, 15, °25 mm.: 0, 4 mm. broad; t, 3-4 mm.: fat, great quantity ; 7 W.Spt., 25 to 27 cm.: eggs, 1-3 mm.: 0, 5-9 mm.: t, 5-7 mm.: fat, great quantity; 12 8. Spr., 22-27 em.: eggs, '3--6 mm.: 0, 5-12 mm.: t, 8-15 mm.: fat, large quantity, a little ; 6 Unclassified, 25 and 26 cm.: t, 6-12 mm.: fat, great quantity. The food found in the stomachs was copepods, larvee of decapod crustacea, sand-eels (ammodytes sp.). West Coast.—Stornoway, 1-3 miles off Tiumpan Head, 21st June 1907 : —41 W. Spt., 24 to 31 em. : eggs, °15-:25 mm.: o, 3-8 mm.: t, 5, 7 mm.: fat, great quantity ; 1 S Spr. 2, 26 cm.: eggs, 45 mm.: o, 11 mm.: fat great quantity ; 2 Full herrings, d, half-spawned, 26, 27 em.; fat, none, a so sieiae s eh es —— of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 29 little ; 2 Unclassified, 2, 27, 28 cm.: fat, great quantity. The food con- sisted of schizopods; some stomachs were empty. East Coast.—Firth of Forth, 5th June 1903:—23 Imm., 10-14 mm.: fat, great quantity to little or none; 8 Imm., 17 to 20 cm.: eggs, °15, ‘2 mm.: 0, 2'5,3 mm.: t, 2, 3 mm.: fat, large quantity to none. East Coast.—Aberdeen, 90 miles east of, 5th June 1908 :—23 Spents (previous summer), 23 to 26 cm.: eggs, °25--4 mm.: 0, 7-11 mm.: t, 6-10 min.: fat, large quantity, some ; 88. Spr., 23 to 26 cm.: eggs, 32-4 mm.: o, 7-11 mm.: t, 65-15 mm.: fat, large quantity, some: one of these S. Spr. was a “full” male. In the majority the stomachs were empty ; some con- tained copepods. Kast Coast.—Aberdeen, 19th and 23rd June 1908 :—4 Spents (previous summer), 9, 24, 25 cm.: eggs, ‘27-5 mm.: 0, 6-10 mm.: fat, much, some; 4-8. Spr., 24 to 26 em.: eggs, 35, °7 mm.: o, 9, 16 mm.: t, 8, 14 mm.: fat, large quantity, a little. Crustacea were found in one stomach ; the other stomachs were empty. Kast Coast.—-Peterhead, 42 miles N. by E., 20th June 1906 :—29 Spents, 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, 15 to °3 mm.: o, 5-10 mm.: t, 5 to 10 mm.: fat, large quantity, very little; 12S. Spr., 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, -3--5 mm. : o, 5-9 mm.: t, 6--25 mm.: fat, large quantity, practically none; 11 Un- classified, 22 to 25 em.: eggs, 25 mm.: o, 3-7 mm.: t, 4-6 mm.: fat, large quantity, some. The majority had empty stomachs; a few had a little food in the stomach. Some of the 8. Spr. may be summer spents (of last year), while the Spents probably consist of the same class. Hast Coast.— Wick, 30 miles E. by N. of, 28th June 1906:—5 Imm. dev., 22 to 24 cm.: eggs, ‘3 mm.: o, 6 mm.: t, 3, 5 mm.: fat, large quantity, some ; 22 Spents, 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, -2--5 mm.: o, 5-9 mm.: t, 5-13 mm. : fat, large quantity; 9S. Spr., 22 to 25 cm.: eggs, *35-"45 mm.: 0, 5-7 mm,: t, 16, 20 mm.: fat, large quantity, a little: 5 Unclassi- fied, 21 to 24 cm.: t, 6 mm.: fat, large quantity. Some stomachs were empty ; others contained copepods. These herrings were fat, but not so fat as the Castlebay herrings. As to the exact description of the ‘‘ Spents,” it is difficult to decide to what spawning they belong. They were to all appearance spent fishes, that is, so far as the reproductive organs went ; but all, even those with eggs as small as ‘°2 mm., had a large quantity of abdominal fat. One of these having eggs ‘2 mm. I had described as “ ap- parently just spent.” It is no doubt a winter spent, or may be a spring spent, while those having larger eggs might be autumn or early winter spents. One of the 8S. Spr., a male, was a full herring. East Coast,—Lerwick, 50-70 miles E. of Bressay, 29th June 1906:— 1 Imm., 27 em.: fat, large quantity: 9 Spents, 25 to 27 cm: eggs, °2--5 mm: o, 5-14 mm.: t, 17 mm.: fat, large quantity, some; 31 S. Spr. dev., 24 to 27 cm.; eggs, 3-8 mm.: 0, 7-22 mm.: t, 7-17 mm.: fat, large quantity, some; 3 8. Spr. F., 26,27 em: t, 20 mm.: fat, large quantity; 5 Unclassi- fied, 26, 27 c.m.: eggs, '2mm.: 0, 2,5 mm.: t, 4, 7 mm.: fat, large quantity. Most of the stomachs were empty; a few copepods were found in three stomachs. Some of the spents appeared to be ‘‘just spent.” One ¢ was partly spent. IumaturE.—10 to 28 cm.: eggs, 1-25 mm.: 0, 2-6 mm.: t, 2-8 mm. : fat, from “a great quantity,” to “little or none.” Imm. Dev.—22 to 24 cm.: eggs, 3 mm.: 0, 6 mm.: t, 3, 5 mm.; fat, large quantity, some. W. Spr.—19 to 31 em.: eggs, -1—3 mm.: o, 4-15 mm., skin-like: t, 1°5- 11 mm., skin-like: fat, ‘large quantity ” to ‘“ very little.” SPENTS (previous summer or autumn)—22 to 27 cm.: eggs, ‘25-"5 mm.: o, 5-14 mm.: t, 5-17 mm.: fat, “large quantity,” “some.” c 30 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report S. Spr.—18 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘3-8, 1'0 mm. : 0, 4-22 mm.: t, 6-25 mm. : fat, “great quantity” to ‘ practically none.” . UNCLASSIFIED, 19 to 28 cm.: eggs, ‘1-25 mm.: 0, 2-8 mm.: t, 4-12 mu.: fat, ‘great quantity ” to ‘‘ some.” Summer Spents.—The summer spents of last year are becoming summer spawners. ‘The fishes which have been diagnosed as summer spents were slack in the belly; the reproductive organ showed ‘“‘spent” characters, although the eggs were developing. There was generally a large quantity of abdominal fat present. The ovary was reddish in colour, plump, filled, but soft. The ridges were filled with eggs, some of which were storing up yolk, while the majority remained smaller and clear. When the ovarian tissue is teazed the very small yolked eggs can be detected as white grains in the tissue. They can be recognised by the naked eye when ‘27 mm. in diameter, though sometimes, although bigger, they may not be satisfactorily made out. In two summer spawners, 23 and 24 cm. long, having eggs ‘3 mm. in diameter, old follicles were detected, an indication of the fishes having spawned before. The testis is pink in colour, and has a thin edge. When teazed out and washed in water a shreddy honeycomb structure can be made out. Wintex Spents——There is difficulty in separating the summer spents of last year from the winter spents of the present year. Possibly some of those which appear to be advanced winter spents may belong to the former class. In June few herrings below 20 and 21 cm. in length should be winter spents, because, although they spawn when under that size, they should by that time have probably reached that size. The summer spent is simply a certain distance ahead of the winter spent in its ripening. The summer spent might occupy the position of the more precocious winter spents. The rule I have followed has been to regard those having eggs °3 mm. and over in diameter as summer spawners, more especially if the other fishes in the series showed reproductive organs farther advanced than that ; while if the majority of the sample had eggs smaller than ‘3 wm., with a few reaching that size, then I have regarded the lot as winter spent. The two classes will probably overlap and mix. The late summer spents and the early winter spents will, one expects, spawn at the same time, probably as autumn spawners. Ihe condition in which the reproductive organ is a flat, red, dry skin, is apparently a resting stage, during which the fish grows in length and stores up abdominal fat. Some fishes had clear crystalline concretions in the ovaries ; they appeared to be in some cases old eges. But clear concretions were also found in some very small testes. Budding was apparently taking place in some ovaries. When a piece of an ovary is crushed on a slide beneath a cover glass old follicles are sometimes to be seen in a dark roll shape, occasionally semi-circular in form, surrounding a young egg. The testis of the winter spent was pink in colour, narrow, shrunken, with sometimes a thin edge, and a shreddy honeycomb structure filled with coagulable albuminous fluid. In some the remains of pouches can be made out. The elastic honeycomb sponge structure is getting filled up. The testis is sometimes a flattened skin. There are crystalline concretions in the testis. Might the unspawned milt assume this form ? ‘There are apparently several ‘distinct stages in the spent reproductive organ, Immediately after spawning it is a loose, flabby, skin-like bag. It gradually shrinks while the new crop of eggs is being formed. It may become a narrow, flattened, thin, dry skin, containing the new crop of eggs. Old follicles were made out in ovaries of this character. When. the ovary begins to develop it swells out, is soft, and is roomy inside. The soft, clinging nature of the stroma is characteristic of this stage. Eggs -2 mm. in diameter were found in one of these ovaries. The eggs were fairly uniform in size. The ovary may be red in colour, and narrow. In a ae a. ee vw | of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 31 narrow spent ovary having eggs ‘15 mm. in diameter there was an apparently big range of size among the eggs. The yolked eggs became visible to the naked eye as white granules in the ovarian tissue when about °3 mm. in diameter. During the month most of the spents had a large quantity of abdominal fat. The spents got at Laggan, Loch Fyne, appeared to be, on the whole, fatter than those got at Sanda, Campbeltown. Among the herrings got at the latter place the smaller herrings have comparatively the greater quantity of fat, but their reproductive organs are not further advanced than those of ‘the larger herrings. Summer Spawner.—An ovary containing eggs 35 mm. in diameter was red in colour and soft. A whitish network was visible in the stroma, A large proportion of the eggs were clear, only a small proportion being yolked. This fish had probably spawned before. A testis was plump, tense, pink or white in colour. The honeycomb structure is filled with corpuscles. [na testis 15 mm. wide, which was nearly ripe, there was an albuminous, corpusculated matter. Nine full herrings, viz., 1 2 and 8 d, were obtained. Immature.—The immature condition is shown in a small, firm, compact reproductive organ. The fishes from the Clyde classified during June as immature did not exceed 23 cm. in length, but some from Castlebay measured up to 28 cm. in length. Except in the case of a few specimens, the immature herrings had a large quantity of fat. In many cases it was difficult to get the actual measurement of the eggs, because the ovaries were often saturated with oil from the abdominal fat. It is not therefore possible to insist strongly on measurements to ‘1 mm. in the case of the largest eggs in the ovary, as they were inclined, under these conditions, to swell up. When the eggs are all very small, as, for example, when the ovary is about to ripen, the large eges may be few in number, and here post-mortem changes may give a larger size than is war- ranted to these eggs. Where the ovary contains a large quantity of yolked eggs, an average size of these is taken to represent the ovary. The error is likely to be comparatively larger in the very small ovaries than in the large. Herrings from Clyde, West Coast, and Hast Coast. = Weight of | Breadth of | ‘ ae : Length. sees Reproductive | Reproductive | Pe ye ee Organs. Organs. | 88s cm. grammes. grammes. mm. | mum. 15 27 as Je | 16 30, 33 , 29} 170,000 40,000 | 39:2 | 27:2 | 34:5 | 37°4 | 27°6 | 37°8 | 27:2 Mar. 1 B. 4 +} 39:7 OC 5 aids ors | 2-4. | ar-S 27:0 » 2| 330,000 40:3 | 27:2 | 38:5 | 37:4 | 27:2 | 38°8 | 26°8 >», 2&| 200,000 39°2 | 27°4 | 38°8 | 37-4 | 27-2 | 38°8 | 27:0 >, 4] 180,000 ies, 41:0 | 27:0 | 39:9 | 38°8 | 27°2 | 40°3 | 26°6 ;, ©| 200,000 | 160,000 | 41:0 | 27-4 | 41:0 }| 38°5 | 27-4 | 39°6 | 27°0 ;, 6| 240,000 & 40:3, || Bids 49 Ae S7-4 | 274A e388 | 27-2 ees %. 40:6, |) 272) F428 0 38:1 |) 2A 23932) 127-2 ire) Wy ANSOn Qicee W428. WOE | 27-2) [39-2 127-2 » 2| 520,000 shes 4100.) 27-2) 1 (43:9 0 39-9) | 27-2) | 39:6) 1327-2 », 11 | 520,000 | 240,000 | 40°6 | 27°4 | 44:2 | 39°2 | 27-2 | 40°6 | 27-2 », 12 | 580,000 Se, 40°6 | 27:0 | 44:2 | 40°3 | 27:2 | 40°6 | 27-2 ,, 13 | 540,000 | 160,000 | 39:9 | 27:0 | 43:9 | 39-2 | 27-2 | 40°6 | 27-0 », 14) 360,000 ae 39°6 | 27°4 | 38°8 | 38°8 | 27:2 | 39°6 | 27:0 pad be ae 41:0 | 27-2 | 42:8 | 40°6 | 27:2 | 41:0 | 27-2 », 16 | 320,000 | 160,000 | 41:4 | 27:0 | 42°8 }| 40°3 | 27-2 | 41:4 | 27-2 >, 17 | 480,000 | eas 49h | 27-4. | 43:2, 1 39-9 9), 27-2 4a-0 | 27-0 », 18} 400,000 ee 49s | Dia. 43-2 1 40:6 | 27-25 AO-6 | 27-2 », 19| 240,000 | 120,000 | 41-7 | 27:0 | 32:7 | 39°6 | 27:0 | 40°6 | 27:0 ,, 20 | 240,000 A: 39°6 | 27:2 | 39°9 | 38-8 | 27-0 | 40-6 | 27°0 5, 21 | 180,000 41:0 | 27-4 | 41:0 | 39°6 | 27:0 | 41°0 | 27:2 9 22 a4 AD OTOP Ag | 40-6 | 27:0 | 48-0 42762 5» 23| 240,000 oa ABO OO Ay F417 | 27-2 | 43-2 | Bie? 5, 24} 200,000 | 160,000 ss: bh ner — ats a os »» 29} 180,000 ee 42-4 | 27-4 | 42°8 | 40°3 | 27°2 | 42-1 | 27-2 ,, 26 | 160,000 | 160,000 | 42-4 | 27-2 | 41:0 [| 41:0 | 27-2 | 42-4 | 27-2 72 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report TasBLE I.—continued. BEACH. ATR. Ponp. HATCHERY. Eggs |DeadEggs Date: Collected iemercd ait On Sp. Gr. Mar.27 | 160,000 | 120,000 | 42:4 | 27:4 | 43-2 [| 41°7 | 27-2 | 42-1 | 27-2 », 28) 240,000 Bad AQ-1 | 27-4 | 41°0 | 41:4 | 27:2 | 42-1 | 27-2 “ise ane 42°38 | 27°2 | 42:1 | 41-7 | 27-0 | 42°8 | 27-2 », 30 | 240,000 80,000 | 41:4 | 27:2 | 41-0 | 41:0 | 27:0 | 41-7 | 27-2 », ol | 240,000 Be 40°3 | 27-2 | 40°6 | 40°3 | 27-2 | 39°9 | 27-2 Apr. 1} 170,000 | 160,000 | 42-4 | 27-4 | 42-4 | 41:4 | 27-4 | 40°6 | 27-2 », 2] 160,000 42-1 | 27-4 | 41°0 | 40°3 | 27:2 | 41°7 | 27-4 170,000 | 120,000 | 42:1 | 27-2 | 41-0 | 41-7 | 27-2 | 43-2 | 27-2 3 ,, 4| 120,000 42-1 | 27-4 | 41-7 | 41-4 | 27-2 | 42-1 | 27-4 O05 ue . | 42-1 | 27-4 | 42-1 | 41-0 | 27-2 | 42-1 | 27-0 ,, 6| 160,000 | 80,000 | 43-9 | 27-4 | 46-4 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 45-3 | 27-4 », 7| 160,000 gi ela | SENETE EEE Te ORR SB 27) Gh ea ,, 8| 160,000 | 200,000 }| 44:2 | 27-2 | 44-6 | 42-4 | 27-2 | 44-2 | 27-4 ,, 9| 160,000 .. | 42°8 | 27-4 | 44-2 | 42-1 | 27-4 | 43-9 | 27-2 ,, 10} 160,000 | 200,000 | 44:6 | 26-0 | 43-9 | 45-0 | 26-8 | 45-0 | 25-6 ,, 11| 120,000 . | 45:3 | 26-0 | 46-4 | 45-7 | 27-0 | 45-7 | 26-0 ,, 12 oo .. | 44:2 | 26-8 | 43-9 | 42°8 | 27-2 | 44-2 | 26-0 ,, 13| 160,000 . | 42-4 | 27-2 | 43-5 | 41-7 | 27-2 143-5 | 27-0 ,, 14| 120,000 | 120,000 | 43-9 | 27-4 | 44-2 | 49-8 | 27-2 | 44-6 | 27-2 ,, 15| 100,000 . | 442 | 27-2 | 44-6 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 43-5 | 27-2 ,, 16| 160,000 ify BRIN VE PD ol ea ,, 17 | 120,000 . [43:9 | 27-4 | 42-8 | 49-4 | 27-2 | 44-2 | 27-2 ,, 18| 40,000 .. | 44:6 | 27-2 | 41-7 | 43-2 | 27-2 | 46-0 | 27-2 ~ 19 e .. [43:9 | 27-4 | 40:3 | 41-4 | 27-2 | 42°8 | 27-2 ,, 20] 120,000 | 200,000 | 41:0 | 27-2 | 39-9 | 39-6 | 27-2 | 41-0 | 27-2 ,, 21| 120,000 ... | 43-2 | 27-0 | 41-0 | 42-4 | 27-0 | 42-4 | 27-0 ,, 22} 80,000 .. | 41-4 | 27-2 | 34-9 | 39-2 | 27-0 | 41-7 | 27-0 ,, 231 80,000 .. | 41-0 | 27-2 | 32-0 | 39-6 | 27-2 | 38-5 | 27-2 ,, 24| 160,000 .. | 41-0 | 27-2 | 30-2 | 39-2 | 27-2 | 38-5 | 27-2 ,, 25 | 120,000 .. | 41-4 | 27-4 | 38-1 | 39-6 | 27-2 | 38:8 | 27-2 , 26 54 .. | 42:4 | 27-4 | 46-4 | 41-0 | 27-2 | 39:6 | 27-2 ,, 27 | 100,000 | 120,000 | 43-2 | 27-2 | 45-3 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 41-0 | 27-2 ,, 28 | 200,000 2 mee Qe SO 6 ek” aS ,, 29 | 120,000 .. | 44:6 | 27-0 | 46-0 | 45-3 | 27-2 | 46-4 | 27-0 ., 30| 80,000 .. | 42:8 | 27-0 | 44-2 | 43-2 | 27-0 | 446 | 26:8 May 1| 80,000 ... | 428 | 27-0 | 43-9 | 42-8 | 27-0 | 44-2 | 26:8 ,, 2| 100,000 ... | 42-1 | 27-0 | 42-8 | 41-0 | 27-0 | 43-9 | 27-0 Sh a, .. | 43-9 | 27-2 | 49-1 | 44-6 | 27-0 | 44-2 | 27-0 or ie ... | 43:5 | 27-2 | 42-8 | 44-2 | 27-0 | 43-9 | 26:8 ,» 5| 100,000 ... [44:6 | 27-0 | 46-4 | 44-6 | 27-0 | 46-4 | 27-0 » 6| 80,000 .. | 42°8 | 27-4 | 46-4 | 43-5 | 27-2 | 46-0 | 27-2 », 7{| 60,000 | 80,000 | 44:6 | 27-4 | 46-0 | 45-0 | 27:2 | 45-7 | 27-4 », 8| 80,000 | 44-2 | 27-2 | 46-8 | 46-0 | 27-0 | 45-3 | 27-4 5 9| 80,000 .. | 45:3 | 27-6 | 47-8 | 46-4 | 27-0 | 46-4 | 27-0 ENG wv, .. | 43-9 | 27-4 | 52-5 | 41-0 | 27-2 | 48-6 | 27-2 ,, 11] 70,000 | 40,000 | 44-6 | 27-2 | 54:0 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 48-2 | 27-2 ,, 12] 80,000 ... | 45-0 | 27-4 | 52°3 | 42-8 | 27-2 | 49-6 | 27-2 ,, 13] 80,000 .. | 468 | 27-2 | 53-6 | 45-7 | 27-2 | 50-4 | 27-4 ,, 14] 20,000 ... | 48-2 | 27-2 | 50-4 | 45-3 | 27-2 | 49°3 | 27-2 ,, 15 oe .. | 48-2 | 27-0 | 53-6 | 45-3 | 27-2 | 50-0 | 27-0 a6 Dy, . [486 | 27-4 | 59-5 | 45-7 | 27-2 | 50-4 | 27-2 ale in ... | 49:3 | 27-2 | 60°8 | 44-6 | 27-0 | 52:2 | 27-2 AGS ei .. [47-5 | 27-4 | 57-2 | 44-2 | 27-0 | 52:9 | 27-4 ,, 19 bi .. | 46-4 | 26-8 | 51-8 | 44-6 | 27-0 | 51:1 | 26°8 ., 20 ». _.. | 46°8 | 27-0 | 50-0 | 44-6 | 27-2 | 52°3 | 26°8 of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 73 Taste II.—Showing Particulars in connection with the Distribution of Fry. Surface Tem- Locaity. Depth. | perature of Sea. G Specific ravity. Weatuer. |No. of Fry. Feb. 19} About 1 mile off : — 200,000 Girdleness. ; Mar. 10} About 2 miles off : Blowing hard, | 960,000 Fraserburgh. E.8.E. About 12 miles off : S.-W. ; show- | 1,520,000 Sandhaven to- ery. wards Rosehearty. About 2 miles off : . S.-W. ; fine. | 3,040,000 Sandhaven to- wards Rosehearty. About 24 miles off &.-W.; fine. | 2,880,000 Sandhaven. About 14 miles off, 8.-E. ; strong. | 1,856,000 between Pitullie and Sandhaven. About 14-2 miles off, : ; N.-E.; fine. | 1,200,000 between Pitullie and Sandhaven. About 14 miles off : ; S. ; fine. 640,000 Girdleness. 74: Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report III.—NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC CRUSTACEA IN LOWER AND UPPER LOCH FYNE. By Txomas Scort, Li.D., E.LS8. The following notes on the distribution of pelagic crustacea in Lower and Upper Loch Fyne describe the results obtained by the examination of numerous tow-net gatherings collected during the four years from 1905 to 1908, both years inclusive. The gatherings were collected at several fixed stations located in mid- channel, two of them being situated in Lower Loch Fyne and the others in the upper portion of the loch, The outermost station in Lower Loch Fyne (Stat. I.) is situated in mid- channel and nearly due east of the north end of Barmore Peninsula, and the other (Stat II.) nearly midway between Maol Dubh Point on the west and Kilfinan Bay on the east side of the loch. Those in Upper Loch Fyne are arranged as follows :—Station IIT. is distant fuily one mile and almost directly south-east of the village of North Kames; Station IV. is about three-quarters of a mile south-east of Kilmichael Beg ; Station V. is mid- way between Pennimore on the west and Newton Bay on the east side of the loch; while Station VI. is situated off the mouth of the Douglas Water and distant north by east from Strachur about a mile. Nearly six hundred gatherings have been collected during the four years. A small proportion of them (and nearly all in the first year) con- sisted of horizontal hauls; the others were vertical—that is, the net was lowered to the depth required and then hauled straight up. The gatherings are from various depths, regulated by the depth of water at the station where they were collected. At the deep-water stations, @.¢., the two in Lower Loch Fyne and Stations v. and vi. in the Upper Loch, a horizontal gathering was collected in the first year at or near the sur face, and others at mid-water and bottom, while the vertical hauls were usually taken at intervals of fifteen fathoms, beginning at fifteen fathoms from the surface, down to sixty fathoms, and also one from the bottom if the depth was much over sixty fathoms. The following is a tabulated list of the Stations, giving the number of gatherings, horizontal and vertical, collected at each of them during each of the four years :— Number of Gatherings Total i ON otals Numbers of the Stations. Collected during for each 1905.| 1906.| 1907.] 1908, | Station. Station I. (Barmore) oe 49 24 21 10 104 » II. (Kilfinan) a 29 19 29 23 100 (3) LDL: (aimes)) .. 31 10 wil 16 68 mevatibe INF. (Kilmichael Beg).. 30 10 12 9 61 ~ V. (Newton). . 43 21 21 30 115 » VI. (Strachur) oe 60 25 24 34 143 Totals for each Year .. 242 109 118 122 591 oe of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 75 The depth of water at Stations III. and IV. is much less than at the others, and scarcely reaches to thirty fathoms; therefore, as indicated by the Table given above, fewer hauls were taken at these stations. As the gatherings were collected at different times of the year, as well as at different stations, they tend to indicate approximately the general distribution of the pelagic crustacea present in Loch Fyne during the four years referred to. The gatherings also exhibit evidence of local variation in the distribution of these organisms, and to some extent seasonal differences are also indicated ;* but before this latter result could be satis- factorily dealt with the observations would require to be continued over a longer period. The nets used were of a uniform size and fineness of mesh, but a few special hauls made off Inveraray, and at Station I. in October 1906, were taken, some of them with a large “ mid-water net,” and others with a “ ying-net.” Pelagic Copepoda formed a large portion of the contents of the varions gatherings, the most common species being Calanus helgolandicus, Claus ; many of the hauls consisted almost entirely of this species. Other forms were sometimes met with, but they seldom occurred in large numbers. “A list of the species observed is given at the end of this paper. The following is a short description of the quantities and contents of the gatherings collected during the four years at the different stations mentioned above. The quantities are given in cubic centimetres (c.c.’s).t The stations are taken in the order in which they occur in the Table. Station J.—Lower Locu Fyne. (E. or BarMore PENINSULA.) 1905. The total number of gatherings from this station is about one hundred and four. Forty-nine of these were collected during 1905, and are shortly described below. Frepruary.—Seven gatherings were collected in February. They com- prised two horizontal and five vertical hauls. One of the horizontal hauls was collected at the surface, and one was a mid-water gathering ; their contents, which measured about 25:5 and 10 «c.c.’s respectively, consisted for the most part of Calanus. The vertical hauls were from 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 fathoms. The haul from 30 fathoms measured 2°5 c.c.’s, that from 45 fathoms was badly preserved; the others, like that from 30 fathoms, were small gatherings, and measured respectively 2°5, 2:5, and 15 cc.’s, and consisted for the most part of Calanus. The only other organisms observed were a few fish ova (in the surface gathering), a few Hucheta norvegica, Bradyidius armatus, Pseudocalanus elongatus, young Mysis sp., Sagitta and Z'omopteris. Marcu.—The eight gatherings collected in March included three horizontal hauls—one taken at the surface, one at mid-water, and one near *See pp. 94-96, tables for Stations III. and IV. ; compare quantities for May 1905 and 1906 with those for 1907 and 1908 for the same month. +The quantities of the various gatherings were estimated by my colleague, Dr. Williamson, as explained below, and he has kindly allowed me the use of his notes thereanent. A noted quantity of water was put into a glass measure graduated in centimetres. The tow-net collection was then poured out on to cheese-cloth similar to that of which the tow-nets are made. The mass of Copepoda was then transferred by means of a scapula to the glass measure, and the volume of the water and Copepoda was noted. From that amount the volume of the collection was found by sub- tracting the original quantity of water. When the Copepoda were on the cheese- cloth a certain amount of the formaline solution in which they were preserved was included in the mass. No attempt was made to remove this, except that, when the collection was a large one, it was gently pressed with the fingers till the excess of fluid ran off, 76 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report the bottom. The surface and mid-water gatherings measured respectively 55 and 6 c.c.’s, and consisted chiefly of Calanus, but Pseudocalanus ' elongatus was moderately frequent in the surface gathering, and Hucheta norvegica in that from mid-water ; the bottom horizonta] haul contained a quantity of mud and was not measured ‘The five vertical hauls collected in March were from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and one from near the bottom (about 70 fathoms). All these gatherings were small, and con- tained only a few Calanus, Pseudocalanus, Hucheta, and one or two other common forms. Aprit.—Hight gatherings, comprising three horizontal and five vertical hauls, were collected in April. The horizontal hauls consisted of a surface, a mid-water (35 fathoms), and a bottom (70 fathoms) gathering. The surface gathering measured only about lc.c.; the other two were moder- ately large, and measured 26:5 and 49 c.c.’s respectively. The five vertical hauls were from 15, 30, 44, and 60 fathoms, and one from near the bottom, and measured 2°5, 5°5, 2°5, 2, and 2 c.c.’s respectively. Calanus was the most common species in these gatherings, but Pseudo- calanus and Centropages hamatus were moderately frequent, and there were also a few others. The following numbers represent approximately the proportional numbers of the species observed in the gathering from 30 fathoms :—Calanus 500, Centropages hamatus 150, Pseudocalanus 100, Eucheta 2, Acurtia clausi 5, together with a few Lvadne nordmanni, Podon leuckarti, larval Balani, Ascidians, and fish eggs. May.—Kight gatherings, comprising three horizontal and five vertical © hauls, were collected in May. The horizontal hauls consisted of a surface, a mid-water, and a bottom gathering, as in April. The surface catch was a small one, and measured only 2°5 c¢.c,.’s, in which Calanus and Centro- pages were about equally common, and constituted the chief part of the haul, but Acartia clausi, Hvadne, and Podon leuckarti were also frequent ; other forms observed included a few Sagitta, Oikopleura, and fish eggs. The mid-water and bottom hauls measured about 2°5 and 4°5 c.c.’s respectively ; their contents did not differ much from the surface haul just described, except that it contained a few Hucheta and Parapontella brevi- cornis. The vertical hauls were from depths similar to those described under April, and measured 3:5, 3, 3, 5, and 7°5 c.c.’s respectively. The species observed in these gatherings did not differ greatly either in proportion or kinds from those mentioned above, except that Temora longicornis and Anomalocera patersoni occurred in the haul from 15 fathoms, and Metridia lucens in that from the deep water. JuNE.—-Five gatherings, all vertical hauls, were collected in June. They were taken at depths similar to those already described, and measured 3, 11:5, 20:5, 25°5, and 55 c.c.’s respectively. The two last hauls consisted almost entirely of Calanus. The same organism constituted the largest portion of the other gatherings, but Centropages hamatus, Pseudo- calanus elongatus, and Acartia claust were also present in small numbers. Avucust.—Five vertical hauls collected in August measured respectively about 1°5, 2:5, 6, 50, and 14 c.c.’s. These measurements indicate a con- siderable decrease in the number of crustacea when compared with the June collection. These gatherings consisted almost entirely of Calanus. SEPreMBER.—All the gatherings collected in September were vertical hauls. Those from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms were small, and measured only 1, 1, and 2°5 c.c.’s respectively. The haul from 60 fathoms measured 9°5 and that from 75 fathoms 25 c.c.’s. Each of these hauls shows apparently a still further falling off in the number of pelagic crustacea at this station. Calanus formed about half of the catch from 15 fathoms, the other half consisting for the most part of Pseuwdocalanus and Acartia clausi in about equal numbers. Calanus formed about 65 per cent. of the catches from 30 and 45 fathoms, and 75 per cent. of the two from deep water. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 77 1906. Aprit.—Pelagic crustacea were apparently scarce at the Barmore station in April. Four vertical hauls were collected at 15, 30, 45, and 75 fathoms, but the catches were small. That from 15 fathoms contained about 100 Calanus, one or two Centropages hamatus, and a few larval Balani, while that from 30 fathoms contained about 200 Calanus and about half that. number of Psewdocalanus. The catch from 45 fathoms differed little from the one just referred to, but though that from 75 fathoms was also small, Calanus and Pseudocalanus were rather more numerous, and there were also present a few Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, and one or two larval Balani. JuNnE.—The next series of gatherings from this station were collected in June. They were vertical hauls from depths similar to those already mentioned, 2.¢., 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and one from near the bottom (80 fathoms). In these gatherings pelagic crustacea were rather more plentiful. The first three hauls measured respectively 3:5, 10°5, and 9°5 c.c.’s, that from 60 fathoms 20 c.c.’s, and the one from 80 fathoms 25 c.c.’s. The contents of the various hauls consisted almost entirely of Calanus. Avcust.—Five gatherings were also collected here in August. The first four did not differ greatly in any way from those just described, but the last one (from 75 fathoms) was considerably larger than that collected in June, and measured 100 c.c.’s. Calanus and Pseudocalanus were present in about equal numbers in the first four gatherings, but the last one consisted almost entirely of Calanus. A few Hucheta, Parapontella brevi- cornis, Rhoda raschi, and Sagitta were observed in some of the hauls. The first four hauls measured respectively 3, 7°5, 15°5, and 20°5 c.c.’s. SEPTEMBER.—Five hauls were collected in September. The smallest was from 15 fathoms and measured only 1 ¢.c.; the next two from 30 and 45 fathoms were also small—they each measured 1°5 c¢.c.’s; those from 60 and 75 fathoms were considerably larger, and measured respectively 15°5 and 70 c.c.’s.- The last two gatherings consisted almost entirely of Calanus, Hucheia norvegica, of which there were a few specimens, being the only other species observed. Calanus also formed the chief portion of the other gatherings, but a few specimens of Anomalocera patersoni occurred in the gathering from 15 fathoms, while Pseudocalanus formed about 2 per cent. and Acartia clausi 5 per cent. of those from 30 and 45 fathoms. OctosER.—-The gatherings collected in October were similar to those just described, and the quantity of each catch did not differ to any great extent, so that, apparently, the number and general distribution of the pelagic crustacea remained much the same as it was in September. The gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus, but afew Hucheta and Nyctiphanes norvegicus occurred in the hauls from 60 and 75 fathoms, and there were also a few Sagitta in some of the gatherings. 1907. Aprit.—Five vertical hauls were collected in April 1907. They were very small, and the total catch scarcely measured 6 c.c.’s. The contents of the various gatherings consisted for the most part of Calanus, but the following species were also represented, though very sparingly, viz. :— Acartia clausi, Anomalocera patersoni, Centropages hamatus, Huchceta norvegica, Pseudocalanus elongatus, and Temora longicornis. A few larval Balani, Sagitta, and fish ova were observed. May.—The gatherings collected in May, when compared with the April collections, showed a considerable increase in the number of pelagic F 78 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report crustacea at this station; there was also, apparently, a fairly uniform distribution of these organisms at the various depths at which the hauls were made. The gatherings were, as usual, from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 fathoms, and measured respectively 27, 17, 23, 29, and 42 cc.’s, The contents of the several gatherings consisted mainly of Calanus, but a few other species were observed, and also some larval Decapoda and Sagitita ; these were, however, only sparingly represented. SEPTEMBER.—The next series of gatherings from this station were collected in September. They consisted almost entirely of Calanus, which appeared to be very unevenly distributed. The haul from 15 fathoms measured less than 1 ¢.c., and that from 30 fathoms only 1:5 c.c.’s, while the other three measured respectively 21, 80, and 170 c.c.’s. These two deep-water hauls are larger than any of the others from this station collected at the same depths. OcroBER.—The October gatherings, from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms, were nearly blank, as also were those from 60 and 75 fathoms. They contained only a small number of Calanus, a few Pseudocalanus and Acartia, and one or two other common forms. 1908. June.—The series of gatherings collected in June 1908 appeared to indicate that the pelagic crustacea at this station were somewhat similar in numbers and distribution to what they were during the same month both in 1905 and 1906, as shown by the gatherings then collected. No doubt certain differences are revealed when the figures given below are compared with those for the years mentioned, but the changes noticed may easily be accounted for by local movements among the pelagic forms referred to. The present gatherings were from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 80 fathoms, and measured respectively 6:5, 10, 11, 22:5, and 41 c.c.’s. Avucust.—The August gatherings, compared with those collected in June, showed that in the interval a considerable falling off in the number of pelagic organisms had apparently taken place. The hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms measured each 3°5 c.c.’s, that from 45 fathoms measured 65 c.c.’s, and that from 60 fathoms 19 c.c.’s. The bottom gathering measured only 10 c.¢.’s. Station IJ. (BETwEEN Maou Dus Point anp KiiFinan Bay). About one hundred gatherings were collected at this station during the four years. Twenty-nine were collected in 1905, nineteen in 1906, twenty-nine in 1907, and twenty-three in 1908, and are briefly described below. 1905. JANUARY.—Four vertical hauls were collected in January—one from 15, 30, and 50 fathoms, and one from the bottom. They showed that though pelagic crustacea were apparently scarce towards the surface they were fairly plentiful near the bottom. The gathering from 15 fathoms measured less than 1 e.c., and that from 30 fathoms about 5°5 c.c.’s, while the other two measured respectively 11 and 60 e.c.’s. The four horizontal hauls collected at the same time, though larger in quantity, indicate a Somewhat similar distribution of pelagic organisms to that described. A gathering taken at the surface measured 25 c.c.’s; others collected at 15 and 45 fathoms and near the bottom measured respectively 120, 162, and 192 c.c.’s. Marcu,—Pelagic crustacea were apparently very scarce in March, of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 79 Two hauls from 45 and 60 fathoms contained only a few Calanus and Eucheta and one or two Nyctiphanes. A third haul from near the bottom yielded a few demersal Copepods and one or two specimens of a small Tsopod (Pseudotanais forcipatus). Aprit.—The gatherings collected in April were also small. Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 68 fathoms measured altogether only about 2 or 3 c.c.’s of pelagic crustacea, consisting chiefly of Calanus, but a few other Copepoda were also sparingly represented. A horizontal mid-water gathering gave rather better results, though at the same time showing that pelagi¢ crustacea were still scarce. May.— Vertical hauls from 15, 50, 45, 60, and 75 fathoms were collected in May, and showed a moderate increase in the number of pelagic crus- tacea over the April gatherings. They were distributed as follows :—2°25 c.c.’s from 15 fathoms, 4°5 c.c.’s from 30 fathoms, 4 c.c.’s from 45 fathoms, 8 c.c.’s from 60 fathoms, and the same from 70 fathoms. Horizontal hauls were also collected—one at the surface, one near the bottom, and a mid-water haul. The surface gathering measured 5 c.c.’s, that from mid- water 3:5, and that from the bottom 23°5 c.c.’s. The contents of the various hauls consisted for the most part of Calanus, but some other species were also represented by a fair number of specimens, 7.¢., Acartia clausi, Anomalocera patersoni, Centropages hamatus, Pseudocalanus elon- gatus and Temora longicornits. A few Hucheta were observed in one of the bottom gatherings. Oikopleura were also occasionally noticed and were moderately common in the vertical haul from 30 fathoms. Aveust.—Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms were collected in August. The first two measured respectively | and 2 c.c.’s, and the others Sand 12°5 cc.’s. These gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus, but a few other common forms, including Hucheta and Sagitta, were also present. 1906. JuNE.—Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 62 fathoms collected in June measured respectively 7, 5:5, 7, and 10:5 c.c.’s. The contents con- sisted almost entirely of Calanus, the only other species noticed, and which were only sparingly represented, being Pseudocalanus elongatus, Metridia lucens, and Acartia clausi, and a few Sagitta. Aveust.—The gatherings collected in August from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 fathoms measured respectively 1, 3:5, 20, 37, and 30 cc.’s. In the gatherings from 15 and 30 fathoms, Calanus was less plentiful than in the others, while Pseudocalanus, on the other hand, formed nearly 70 per cent. of the catch. Centropages hamatus and Parapontella brevicornis were also observed in this sample. The other gatherings consisted almost entirely of Calanus, with a few Eucheta and Rhoda raschi. SepremBer.—The series of gatherings collected in September was similar to that for August, but the catches were much smaller; those from 15 and 30 fathoms measured less than 1 c.c. each. A gathering from 50 fathoms measured 1°5 e¢.c.’s, while other two from 60 and 75 fathoms measured 2°5 and 20 c.c.’s respectively. These gatherings consisted almost entirely of Calanus, but a few Hucheta and Rhoda raschi occurred in those from 60 and 75 fathoms. OctoBER.—The gatherings collected in October showed pelagic crustacea to be still scarce at this station except near the bottom. Mauls taken at 30 and 45 fathoms measured less than 1 c.c., and consisted of a small number of Calanus, Pseudocalanus, Acartia clausi, and Sagitta, while two others taken at 60 and 75 fathoms measured respectively 3:5 and 23 c.c.’s, and contained, in addition to the usual Copepoda, a number of Schizopods (including Rhoda raschi and Nyctiphanes norvegicus) and Sagitta, 80 Part ITT.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report 1907. Aprit.—The five hauls collected in April 1907 were all of them small ; the two largest measured only about 2 ¢.c.’s each. The scarcity of pelagic crustacea at this time appeared to be general all through the water, as shown by the smallness of the catches. These gatherings consisted for the most part of Calanus; a small number of Pseuwdocalanus, Centropages hamatus, and Civriped larvee, one or two Vyctiphanes, Sagitta, and fish ova were also present. May.—The number of hauls collected in May was similar to the last. They showed that a considerable increase in the number of pelagic crustacea had taken place since the April gatherings were collected. All the catches were of moderate size, especially those taken at 45 and 60 fathoms, which measured respectively 12 and 17 c.c.’s. The other three gatherings from 15, 30, and 75 fathoms were smaller, and measured 8, 7, and 9 ¢.c.’s respectively. The contents of the several gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus, other forms being very scarce. June.—Moderately large gatherings were obtained in all the five hauls collected in June, but at this time pelagic crustacea were apparently more plentiful at 15 fathoms than they were lower down, as shown by the results of the different hauls, the measurements of which are as follow: —The gathering from 15 fathoms measured 80 c.c.’s, while the others from 30, 45, and 60 fathoms and the bottom measured respectively 55, 15, 22, and 25 c.c.’s. SEPTEMBER.—The four vertical hauls collected at this station in Sep- tember exhibited a decided falling off in the numbers of pelagic crustacea when compared with those collected in June. The hauls from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms were small, and measured respectively only 1, 1:5, and 4°5 c.c.’s, while that from 65 fathoms measured 21 c.c.’s; this gathering consisted almost entirely of Calanus, but in those from 15 and 30 fathoms a few other species were also sparingly observed, including Psewdocalanus, Cen- tropages hamatus, Temora longicernis, and Acartia claust. OctopER.—Five vertical hauls were collected in October. Those from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms were very small, so also was the gathering from 60 fathoms. The gathering from 75 fathoms was considerably larger than the others and measured 40 c.c.’s, and though Calanus formed the largest part of it, a small number of Pseudocalunus, Acartia, Nyctiphanes, and Rhoda raschi were also observed. The other gatherings consisted almost entirely of Calanus, but among them were a few Sagitita. DercemMBEeR.—-The gatherings collected in December were, with the exception of the haul from 15 fathoms, considerably larger than those collected in October. The gathering from 15 fathoms measured 4 ¢.c.’s, but those from 30, 45, and 55 fathoms measured respectively 25, 82, and 115 c.c.’s. These gatherings consisted almost entirely of Calanus, except that a few Eucheta and one or two Nyctiphanes were present in the haul from 55 fathoms, 1908. Marcu.-—Vertical hauls from 30, 45 and 60 fathoms collected in March 1908 measured 2, 1, and 15 c.c.’s respectively. Calanus was the only species observed in the first two, but in the other a few Nyctiphanes were also noticed, as well as.one or two Sagitta. May.—tThe four gatherings collected in May gave fairly good results, and indicated the presence of a considerable abundance of pelagic crustacea. The hauls were from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and measured respectively 10, 9, 31, and 17 c.c.’s. Calanus appeared to be the only species represented in these gatherings, with the exception of a few Centropages hamatus and Sagitta, of the Fishery Board for Scotiand. 81 JunE.—Five hauls were collected in June at the usual depths ; they showed that pelagic crustacea were still fairly common, but scarcely so plentiful as in the previous month. The gatherings measured respectively 5°5, 9°5, 11:5, 14:5, and 15°5 e.c.’s, and indicated a fairly uniform distribu- tion of the organisms mentioned. Aveust.—The gatherings (four in number) collected in August, com- pared with those for May and June, showed a large falling off in the numbers of pelagic crustacea all through the water, the quantity of each of the four hauls being respectively 2°5, 2, 3:5, and 6°5 ¢.c.’s. DrcemBerR.—The gatherings collected in December comprised vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 70 fathoms, and their contents measured respectively 5, 11, 47, 63, and 40 c.c.’s. They show a considerable increase over the August gatherings. In these gatherings Calanus was the only species observed. Sration III., Upper Locu Fyne (ruutty 1 Mize 8.E. rrom Norru KAMEs). The number of gatherings collected at this station was sixty-eight. Of these, thirty-one were collected in 1905, ten in 1906, eleven in 1907, and sixteen in 1908, and are briefly described below. . 1905. J ANUARY.—Two gatherings collected in January—one from 15 fathoms and one from the bottom—were very small ; that from the bottom measured only 2°5 c.c.’s, the contents consisting entirely of Calanus. Marcu.—The gatherings collected in March comprised three horizontal and three vertical hauls. The horizontal gatherings were collected at the surface, mid-water, and bottom, and measured respectively 2, 4:5, and ‘75 c.c.’s. Two of the vertical hauls were from the bottom and the other from 15 fathoms; they were small gatherings, and consisted for the most part of Calanus; but a few other forms also occurred, including Acartia clausi, Diaixis pygmeus, Decapod larve, and fish ova. The horizontal consisted chiefly of Calanus, with a few Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus, Acartia clausi, Evadne nordmanni, larval and young crustacea, and Sagitta. ApriL.—Six gatherings collectud in April comprised three horizontal and three vertical hauls. The horizontal hauls were from the surface, mid-water, and bottom, and measured about 3, 1:5, and 16°5 c.c.’s respec- tively. One of the vertical hauls was from 15 fathoms and the other two from the bottom (28 to 30 fathoms). The first measured 2°5 c.c.’s, and the other two together about 8°5 c.c.’s (3°5 and 5.c.’s). Though Calanus was the most common species, Centropages hamatus was also frequent, so also was Pseudocalanus. In one of the bottom gatherings, for every 100 Calanus there were about 35 Centropages and 15 Pseudocalanus, a few Acartia clausi, Hucheta, Evadne nordmanni, Decapod larve and Sagitta and a few fish ova. May.—The gatherings collected in May comprised one surface and three vertical hauls. They were small gatherings ; the total catch measured scarcely 4 c.c.’s, of which Pseudocalanus formed about 4 per cent., Centro- pages 10 per cent., and Calanus only about 8 per cent. Temora longi- cornis, Acartia clausi, and Podon leuckarti were also sparingly represented. Oikopleura was frequent in the surface gathering, but not in the others. JuNE.—Two gatherings collected in June included a surface haul and a vertical haul from the bottom. They were both small and measured about 1:5 c.c.’s each. Centropages and Pseudocalanus were about equally numerous, and together formed about 7U per cent. of the entire catch. 82 Part T1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report Calanus, on the other hand, formed only about 25 per cent.; there were also a few Temora longicornis and some larval forms. Avueust.—Vertical hauls from 10, 15, and 25 fathoms were collected in August; all the three gatherings were small. About half of the total catch consisted of Calanus and the remainder of Pseudocalanus, Centro- pages hamatus, and Acartia clausi, but a few Hvadne, Podon leuckarti, and Parapontella brevicoriis were also observed, along with a few larval forms. SEPTEMBER.—T'wo vertical hauls, one from 15 and the other from 25 fathoms, were collected in September. The total catch measured only about 1:5 «.c.’s. The gatherings were about equal, and consisted almost entirely of Calanus, a few Pseudocalanus and Acartia clausi being the only other organisms observed. OctoseR.—Two gatherings collected in October were also very small. They were vertical hauls, one from 15 fathoms and the other from the bottom, and consisted almost entirely of Calanus. 1906. Aprit.—Vertical hauls from 15 and 26 fathoms were collected in April 1906. They were both small, and together measured only about 4 c.c’s. The contents of the first consisted chiefly of Calanus, with a few Psewdo- calanus, Centropages hamatus, and a small number of fish ova. In the second gathering, Pseudocalanus was rather more frequent and formed about a third of the catch. JuNE.—Two gatherings collected in June 1906, comprising a vertical haul from 15 fathoms, and one from the bottom (about 25 fathoms), measured 3:5 and 4:5 c.c.’s respectively, and consisted almost entirely of Calanus. Aucust.—Two vertical hauls similar to the last were collected in August ; one measured 3 and the other 2°5 cc.’s. In the first Calanus formed fully 50 per cent. of the catch, Psewdocalanus 25 per cent., and Centropages about 20 per cent. A few specimens of Parapontella brevt- cornis and Thawmaleus rigidus were observed in this haul. In the bottom gathering Calanus, Pseudocalanus, and Centropages were about equally numerous. Acartia clausi was also observed, but only in small numbers. SEPTEMBER.—The two vertical hauls collected in September were very small, and together measured only about 2 c.c.’s. They consisted for the most part of Calanus and Pseudocalanus in nearly equal numbers. A few Centropages hamatus were also present in the bottom gathering. OcropeR.—Vertical hauls from 15 and 25 fathoms were also collected in October ; they were both small gatherings. In the first Calanus and Acartia clausi were about equally numerous, but a few specimens of Anomalocera and Decapod larve were also noticed. The second consisted for the most part of Calanus, Pseudocalanus, and Acartia clausi, together with a few Centropages hamatus. There were also a small number of Sagitta and Decapod larve present in this gathering. 1907. Aprit.—Two vertical hauls, one from 15 and the other from 29 fathoms, were collected in April 1907. Both gatherings were very small, and consisted chiefly of Calanus, mixed up with which were a few other common forms. May.—The two vertical hauls collected in May, the one from 15 and the other from 27 fathoms, showed a marked difference from the previous gatherings in the larger amount of pelagic crustacea captured. But the two samples, which measured respectively 11 and 13 c.c.’s, consisted almost entirely of Calamus, no other species being noticed. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 83 JuNE.—The two hauls collected in June were also moderately large, but the gathering from 15 fathoms was rather smaller, and that from the bottom somewhat larger than those collected in May. SepremBer.—The gatherings collected in September were both small and measured respectively 1:5 and 2 e.c.’s. They both consisted for the most part of Calanus, together with.a few Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus, and Acartia clausi. A few Hvadne nordmanni were also observed. Ocrosper.—A vertical haul from near the bottom, collected in October, yielded only a few Calanus, one or two Anomalocera patersoni, and a few Sagitta. DrcEeMBEeR.—A vertical haul from 15 fathoms, collected in December, contained only a few Calanus. One from 22 fathoms was also small, though slightly larger than the other. Pelagic crustacea were apparently very scarce at this station when these gatherings were collected. 1908. FEBRUARY.—l'wo vertical hauls, one from 15 fathoms, the other from the bottom, were collected in February 1908. They each measured about 3°5 c.c.’s, and consisted almost entirely of Calanus, a few fish ova being also present. Marcu.—A haul from 15 fathoms and one from 25 fathoms, collected in March, measured respectively 2 and 3 c.c.’s. Both gatherings consisted almost entirely of Culanus, a tew larval crustacea and fish ova being also observed. May.—The gatherings collected in May showed a considerable increase in the number of pelagic crustacea. The hauls were vertical, from 15 and 25 fathoms, and measured respectively about 7:5 and 9°5 c.c.’s. They consisted chiefly of Calanus. Some other species sparingly represented included Anomalocera, Centropages hamatus, Parapontella, and Podon leuckarti. A few young Decapods and Schizopods were also noticed. JuNE.—The June gatherings were both small, especially that from 15 fathoms, which measured only 1°5 c.c.’s; the bottom haul was rather larger and measured about 5 c.c.’s. These samples, compared with those collected in May, seemed to indicate a falling off in the numbers of pelagic crustacea. Aueust.—The gatherings collected in August were even smaller than those collected in June, and though that from the bottom was slightly larger than the other, the combined catch measured less than 3 c.c.’s, and showed a further decrease in the number of pelagic crustacea. SEPTEMBER AND NovemBEer.—The gatherings collected in September and November were all blank or nearly so. The gathering from 30 fathoms collected in September contained only a few Calanus and Acartia clausi, scarcely a dozen specimens altogether, and the others were equally un- productive. DECEMBER.—The December gatherings yielded rather better results than those just referred to. The haul from 15 fathoms collected at this time measured 8 c.c.’s, and consisted entirely of Calanus. The other, from 30 fathoms, measured 11! ¢.c.’s; its contents differed from the gather- ing from 15 fathoms in that it contained a few Hucheta and Sagitta in addition to the Calanus. Sration IV. (ansour ?-mite S.E. From KinmicHaEL BEc). Thirty gatherings (including horizontal) were collected at this station in 1905, ten in 1906, twelve in 1907, and nine in 1908, and are briefly described below. 84 Part IIT.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report 1905. Fepruary.—Four gatherings, comprising two horizontal and two vertical hauls, were collected at this station in February 1905. One of the horizontal hauls was taken at the surface and the other at the bottom, and measured respectively 25 and 14 ¢.c.’s. Both gatherings consisted for the most part of Calanus, but in the surface hauls the following species were also met with :—Hucheta norvegica, Pseudocalanus elongatus, and Oithona similis; a few Decapod larve and fish ova also occurred. The species observed in the bottom haul included Bradyidius avrmatus, Hucheta, Acartia clausi, Lphimedia obesa, Epimeria cornigera, Paratylus bispinosus, Nyctiphanes, and Mysis sp. The vertical haul from 15 fathoms consisted almost entirely of Calanus, and that from 28 fathoms was somewhat the same, except that a few species similar to those already referred to were also observed. The two vertical hauls were about equal, and each measured 2°5 c.c.’s. The quantities of these gatherings, both the horizontal and the vertical hauls, seemed to indicate that pelagic crustacea were rather more plentiful in the upper strata than they were near the bottom. Marcu.—Seven gatherings were collected in March; three of them were horizontal and four were vertical hauls. The horizontal hauls included a surface, a mid-water, and a bottom gathering, and measured respectively 6, 10, and 30 c.c.’s, and they consisted almost entirely of Calamus. The vertical hauls comprised two from 15 fathoms and two from the bottom. The first two were very small; the other two, though slightly larger, were also small, and together measured less than 2 c.c.’s, and consisted chiefly of Calanus. A small number of Pseudocalanus were also observed in the bottom gatherings. Aprit.—Three horizontal and two vertical hauls were collected at this station in April. The horizontals included a surface, mid-water, and bottom gathering, and measured respectively 5, 17, and 3 c«.c.’s. The contents of the first two consisted chiefly of Calanus, but Centropages also occurred in both and formed about 5 per cent. of the combined catch. One or two other common forms were also observed in these hauls. In the bottom haul Calanus and Centropages were equally numerous, and together formed about 70 per cent. of the gathering, and Pseudocalanus about 15 per cent. Both the vertical hauls were small, and only measured 1:5 and 1 e.c. respectively. The contents of these gatherings were similar in variety and proportion to that of the horizontal bottom haul. May.—The gatherings collected at this station in May comprised two horizontal and four vertical hauls. The horizontal gatherings were both small; one was from the surface and the other from the bottom. The vertical hauls included two from 15 fathoms and two from the bottom ; all the catches were small, and did not differ greatly as to quantity. The total catch did not exceed 4 c.c.’s. The gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus; other species sparingly met with included Pseudocalanus, Centro- pages, Parapontella, Temora, Acartia clausi, Evadne, and Podon leuckarti. J UNE.—Pelagic crustacea appeared to be scarce at this station in June. Two vertical hauls, one from 15 fathoms and one from 25 fathoms, measured less than ‘5 c.c. each. The most common species was Cenéro- pages hamatus, but Calanus and Pseudocalanus in about equal numbers also formed a considerable portion of the catch. A few Zemora, Acartia claust, Sagitta, and Decapod larvee were also observed. Aveust.—Pelagic crustacea, though still apparently scarce, were rather more numerous than in June. ‘The variety and proportional numbers of- the species taken in the two hauls from 15 and 28 fathoms were, however, somewhat similar to those obtained in the June gatherings. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 85 SEPTEMBER. —Two vertical hauls, one from 15 and the other from 25 fathoms, collected in September, measured about 1°5 e.c.’s each, and consisted chiefly of Calanus, and were otherwise similar to those previously described. OctosEr.-—The two gatherings collected in October under conditions similar to the last measured less than 1 ¢.c. each, and contained only a small number of Calanus, Pseudocalanus, Acartia, and Sagitta. 1906. Aprit.-—The two vertical hauls collected in April 1906 were small and contained a small number of Calanus, along with a few other common species similar to those already recorded. June.—The gatherings collected in June showed a moderate increase in the number of pelagic crustacea at this station. The gathering from 15 fathoms measured about 3 c.c.’s, and that from 25 fathoms 6 c.c.’s. The first gathering consisted almost entirely of Calanus, and the same species formed about 75 per cent. of the other. A few common forms similar to those already recorded were in the bottom gathering. Aveust.—The August gatherings were smaller than those collected in June. In that from 15 fathoms Calanus, Pseudocalanus, and Centro- pages hamatus were each equally numerous, and formed about 25 per cent. of the haul. Zemora formed about 10 per cent., and Acartia clausi nearly the same. A few Anomalocera and Decapod larve were also observed. The bottom gathering contained a larger proportion of Calanus, but otherwise it was similar to the last. SEPTEMBER AND Ocroper.—The gatherings collected in September and October were very small, pelagic crustacea being apparently scarce during these months. The species represented were similar to those already described from this station. 1907. Aprit.—The vertical hauls from 15 and 28 fathoms collected in April 1907 measured respectively 1:3 and 3°5 c.c.’s, and consisted for the most part of Calanus. May.—Pelagic crustacea, especially Calanus, were apparently fairly plentiful at this station in May 1907. A vertical haul from 15 fathoms measured 10 and one from 29 fathoms 11 cc.’s respectively; both consisted chiefly of Calanus, but in the bottom gathering a number of Pseudocalanus and Centropages hamatus were also present, the one forming about 5 per cent. and the other 10 per cent. of the catch. JuNE.—Two gatherings were collected in June, both of which were small. That from 15 fathoms measured only 1 c.c., while the other from 26 fathoms measured 3 c.c.’s. Both gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus. SrrremMBer.—Gatherings from 15 and 28 fathoms were collected in September ; they each measured ‘about 2°5 c.c.’s, and, like the June gatherings, consisted for the most part of Calanus. Ocroper AND DEcEMBER.—Very small gatherings were obtained at this station both in October and December, and in each case Calanus formed the largest portion of their contents. A few other species occurred very sparingly, such as Bradyidius armatus and young Hucheeta norvegica. 1908. May.—Pelagic crustacea were apparently fairly plentiful at this station in May 1908, obviously due to a large increase in the number of Calanus. 86 Part ITT—Twenty-seventh Annual Report The two vertical hauls collected at this time, one from 15 and the other from 25 fathoms, measured respectively 13 and 16 c.c.’s. The contents of both gatherings consisted chiefly of the species mentioned. Anomalocera patersoni and Centropages hamatus were also present, but they formed only about 1 per cent. of the whole catch. A small number of Hvadne nordmanni, young Decapoda, and Schizopoda were also observed. AvuGuUST AND SEPTEMBER.—The samples collected in August and Sep- tember were very small, and showed a considerable decrease in the number of pelagic crustacea at this station. The contents of the various gather- ings consisted almost entirely of Calanus. NovemBer anp DrcemBer.—There was a somewhat similar absence of pelagic crustacea at this station when visited in November, but in December a distinct, though not very extensive, increase appeared to have taken place, especially in the deeper water. A vertical haul from 28 fathoms collected in December measured 2°5 c.c.’s, and consisted chiefly of Calanus. STaTion V. (MIDWAY BETWEEN PENNIMORE AND NeEwron Bay). Forty-three gatherings were collected at this station in 1905, twenty- one in 1906, twenty-one in 1907, and thirty in 1908, and are briefly described below. 1905. January.—The gatherings collected at this station in January 1905 comprised three horizontal and four vertical hauls. The horizontal gatherings collected at the surface and at 15 and 30 fathoms were all moderately large. The surface gathering measured 152 c.c.’s, and con- sisted almost entirely of Calanus. One or two other species, including Pszudocalanus and Acartia clausi, were also noticed, but they occurred very sparingly. The other two gatherings from 15 and 30 fathoms measured respectively 60 and 43 c.c.’s. The vertical hauls were from 15, 30, 45, and 59 fathoms, and measured respectively 12, 24°5, 30, and 35 c.c.’s. Calanus formed the largest portion of the contents of these hauls, and the quantities captured showed them to be fairly plentiful all through the water. Marcu.—tThe gatherings collected in March showed that Calanus were still fairly abundant and more or less evenly distributed at the various depths represented by the different hauls. The four vertical hauls collected at this time were from 15, 30, 45, and 59 fathoms, and measured 18, 19, 26, and 25 c.c.’s respectively. In the haul from 59 fathoms a few Nyctiphanes were observed, but otherwise the contents of the different gatherings appeared to consist entirely of Calanus. Aprit.—Five of the gatherings collected in April were horizontal hauls and four were vertical. One of the horizontal hauls was taken at the surface, one at 15, 30, and 45 fathoms, and one near the bottom. The surface gathering was comparatively small, but the next three were large. They measured respectively 5°5, 110, 87, and 65 c.c.’s; their contents consisted almost entirely of Calanus, the only other species observed being a few Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus, Acartia cluust, and a small number of Decapod larve. The bottom gathering contained a quantity of mud, mixed, up with which were several Molluscan shells, chiefly Lamelli- branchs and the undernoted crustacea—Leptognathia brevimana H arpinia pectinata, Campylaspis costata, and a few Calanus. The vertical hauls were from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and measured respectively 5, 13, 19, and 22°5 c.c.’s, The contents of these gatherings did not differ much from the others, except that in the haul from 60 of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 87 fathoms there were a small number of WVyctiphanes, Rhoda raschi, and Sagitta. May.—Three of the gatherings collected in May were horizontal and four were vertical hauls. The horizontal hauls included one from surface, one from mid-water, and one from the bottom. The surface and bottom hauls were both considerably larger than the other, and measured respec- tively 165 and 225 c.c.’s, while the mid-water gathering measured only 75 c.c.’s. The surface and mid-water hauls consisted almost entirely of Calanus. In the bottom haul, which was also mainly composed of Calanus, the following other species were observed :—Pandalus montagut, Hippolyte securifrons, Caridion gordon, Mysis lamorne, Janira maculosa, Stegocephaloides christianiensis, and a few Pseudocalanus and Centropages The two vertical hauls from 15 fathoms were nearly alike, and together measured about 8 ¢.c.’s. About three-fourths of their contents consisted of Calanus, the remainder being composed of Pseudocalanus and Centro- pages hamatus. Two gatherings from 30 fathoms differed considerably in quantity—the one measured 5 and the other 10°5 c.c.’s—and, while the larger consisted almost entirely of Calanus, only about a third of the contents of the smaller belonged to that species, the other two-thirds being made up of Pseudocalanus (chiefly), Centropages, and one or two other common forms. The gathering from 45 fathoms measured about 5'5 ¢.e.’s, and rather more than half of the contents consisted of Calanus, and the remainder of Psewdocalanus and Centropages. Aveust.—A vertical haul from 15 fathoms, which measured 1°5 c.c.’s, consisted chiefly of Calanus, but Centropages hamatus and typicus were also observed, the first being fairly numerous; there were also a few Pseudocalanus and Acartia clausi. Two other hauls from 30 and 45 fathoms measured respectively 3°5 and 3 c.c.’s. Both consisted mainly of Calanus, with which a few other other species were sparingly represented, such as Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus, Hucheta, Bradyidius armatus, Temora, Acartia, and Oithona similis, and a small number of Decapod and Isopod larve. SEPTEMBER.—F our vertical hauls collected in September were from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and measured respectively 1:5, 2, 4, and 15:5 c.c.’s, Besides Calanus, of which these hauls chiefly consisted, the following other species were sparingly represented, viz. :—Pseudocalanus, bradyidius, Eucheta, Acartia claust, Rhoda raschi, and a small number of Sagitta. OcropeR.—The gatherings collected in October comprised vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 59 fathoms. These gatherings were smaller than those collected in September, and measured respectively 1, 1, 3, and 7 c.c.’s. The deep-water gathering, which, like the others, consisted mainly of Calanus, contained also a small number of other forms, including WVyett- phanes, Rhoda raschi, and Sagitta. 1906. Aprit.—Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms collected in April 1906, measured respectively 7, 5, 16, and 12 c.c.’s. The gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus, but one or two other species were observed, though only in small numbers. June.—The gatherings from this station collected in June comprised vertical hauls at 15, 30, 45, and 55 fathoms. These gatherings measured respectively 7:5, 8°5, 13°5, and 17 c.c.’s. Calanus formed about three- fourths of the total catch, and Pseudocalanus nearly one-fourth. A few Centropages, Acartia, and Sagitta were also observed. Avueust.—-The gatherings, three in number, collected in August were from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms. They were moderately large, especially the _last one, and measured respectively 11, 5:5, and 67 c.c.’s. The first con- 88 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report sisted of Calanus and Pseudocalanus in about equal numbers; in the second Calanus formed about 50 per cent., Psewdocalanus and Centropages hamatus, which were nearly equal, formed together about 36 per cent., and Acartia claust 14 per cent. The third haul consisted almost entirely of Calanus, but a small number of Zucheta (about 1 per cent.), and about a dozen specimens of Rhoda ruschi and one or two Nyctiphanes, were also observed. SEPTEMBER.— Vertical hauls from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms were collected in September, and measured respectively 3:5, 4, 5, and 24 c.c.’s. These gatherings, which were similar to those previously described, con- sisted for the most part of Calanus. OcropER.—The October gatherings were smaller than those just described. The hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms measured only 1 and 1°5 c.c.’s respectively. The others were larger, and measured, the one 5 and that from deep water 16 c.c.’s. The contents of the various hauls resembled generally those described for August. Besides the four vertical hauls just referred to, other two horizontal gatherings were collected, one from 20 fathoms and the second from between 40 and 50 fathoms. Both of these gatherings contained a large quantity of pelagic crustacea, comprising Calanus, Hucheta norvegica, Rhoda raschi, and Nyctiphanes, this last species being abundant in the deep-water gathering, the contents of which nearly filled a large drop- jar. 1907. Aprit.—The only gathering from this station examined in April 1907 was from deep water, 55 to 60 fathoms, and measured 70 c.c.’s, It con- sisted almost entirely of Calanus. May.—The gatherings collected in May 1907 were from 15, 30, 45, and 58 fathoms, and measured respectively 17, 18, 15, and 21 cc.’s. Besides Calanus, which formed the largest portion of the various gatherings, there were also a fairly large number of one or two other common species. Centropages hamatus, for example, formed fully 5 per cent. of the haul from 15 fathoms, and about 15 per cent. of the one from 30 fathoms, and it was also represented, though somewhat sparingly, in the gathering © from deep water. Psewdocalanus formed about 5 per cent. of the gather- ing from both 30 and 45 fathoms. The same species, along with Nyctiphanes and Sagitta, occurred also in the gathering from 58 fathoms. June.—Moderately large hauls were also obtained in June, especially from 30 fathoms downwards. The gathering from 15 fathoms was the smallest, and measured 6 c.c.’s, but the others measured respectively 13, 15, and 15 c.c.’s. The contents of these gatherings consisted for the most part of Calanus. SEPTEMBER.—The gatherings collected in September were also moderately large, and measured respectively 9, 22, 19°5, and 90c.c.’s. Their contents were similar to those of the June gatherings. OctopEeR.—A considerable falling off in the numbers of pelagic crustacea appears to have taken place since the previous visit to this station. The gatherings collected in October were small, especially that from 15 fathoms, which measured only 1:25 c.c.’s; the others, which were rather larger, measured respectively 6, 9°5, and 19 c.c.’s. Dercemper.—A_ still further decrease was shown by the gatherings collected in December. These, with the exception of one from the deep water, only contained a small number of Calanus and one or two other common forms. The deep-water gathering measured 13 c.c.’s. of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 89 1908. Fresruary.—tThe gatherings collected in February 1908 were moderately large, and measured respectively 9, 20, 31°5, and 55c.c.’s, The contents of the first three consisted entirely of Calanws, with the exception of a few fish ova which occurred in the one from 30 fathoms. The same species also constituted the largest portion of the deep-water haul, but in this gathering a few Rhoda raschi, Leptomysis gracilis, and a small number of Sagitta were also present. Marcu.—Gatherings from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms collected in March measured respectively 16, 20, and 26 c.c.’s. In these gatherings Calanus was almost the only species observed. When compared with the February gatherings, those for March show a slight decrease in the quantity of crustacea captured. May.—tThe gatherings collected in May, like those just described, con- sisted almost entirely of Calanus, which appeared to be still fairly plenti- ful at this station. These gatherings, taken in the same order as before, measured respectively 14, 35, 42, and 40 c.c.’s. JunE.—The June gatherings were considerably smaller than those collected during the previous month, but their contents were somewhat similar. They measured respectively 3, 3°5, 6, and 12 c.c.’s. Aveust.—The gatherings—all vertical hauls like the others—collected in August, were large, and showed that Calanus, of which their contents chiefly consisted, were fairly abundant. The measurements of the various hauls, stated in the usual order, are as follow :—That from 15 fathoms measured 5°5 c.c.’s, that from 30 fathoms 18:5 c.c.’s, that from 45 fathoms 25 e.c.’s, and the bottom haul 45 c.c.’s, SEPTEMBER.—-The four September gatherings were small. The one from 15 fathoms contained about ninety Calanus and five or six Acartia clausi; that from 30 fathoms contained 364 Calanus, three or four Pseudocalanus, and Acartia, while the other two from 45 and 60 fathoms measured respectively 2 and 15°5 c.c.’s, and consisted entirely of Calanus. A few Sagitta were observed in the gathering from 30 fathoms. NovemBer.—Pelagic crustacea were apparently very scarce at this station in November. Three gatherings from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms contained only a small number of Calanus and a few other common forms. DecemBer.—The December gatherings showed a slight increase in the number of pelagic crustacea, especially in those from 45 and 60 fathoms. These gatherings, stated in the usual order, measured respectively sm. 1, 9, 33°5 c.c.’s. Calanuws formed the chief portion of their contents, but in the bottom gathering Rhoda raschi formed about 10 per cent. of the catch, which also contained a few Hucheia and Sagitta. Station VI. (orrF Doveias WaTER, AND DisTANt N. By E. From Srracuurn 1 Mizz). About one hundred and forty-three gatherings have been collected at this station during the four years. Sixty of these were collected in 1905, twenty-five in 1906, twenty-four in 1907, and thirty-four in 1908. They are shortly described below. 1905. JANUARY.—Hight gatherings were collected in January 1905. Three of these were horizontal and five were vertical hauls. One of the horizontal gatherings was from 15 fathoms and two from near the bottom. The first, which was comparatively small, measured 16 c.c.’s, but the other two were large and measured respectively 250 and 125 c.c.’s, The vertical 90) Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report hauls were from 15, 30, 46, and 60 fathoms, and one from the bottom, and measured respectively 11:5, 17, 20, 40, and 45 c.c.’s. All the gatherings, both horizontal and vertical, consisted for the most part of Calanus, but a number of Huchweta norvegica occurred in those from the deep water. Marca.—The three horizontal gatherings collected in March were from the surface, mid-water, and bottom. The first was nearly blank and contained only a few Calanus and fish eggs. The other two, which were also comparatively small, measured about 14 and 20 c.c.’s respectively. The mid-water gathering consisted for the most part of Calanus, but in that from the bottom Hucheta were nearly as numerous as the Calanus. Nyctiphanes was also sparingly represented, as was also the somewhat rare Campylaspis rubicunda. The vertical hauls were taken at intervals of about 15 fathoms, as in January, but on this occasion the hauls were duplicated, two being made at each interval. They were small gatherings, and ranged from less than 1 to 3 e.c.’s. Their contents consisted for the most part of Calanus. Aprit.—Hleven gatherings collected at this station in April yielded some interesting results. A horizontal haul taken at the surface measured only about 3 ¢.c.’s; one taken at about three fathoms below the surface measured 325 c.c.’s, and, like the other, consisted almost entirely of Calanus. The other hauls from 18, 33, 48, and 75 fathoms measured respectively 60, 8, 5°5, and 16:5 c.c.’s. The result of these hauls showed that Calanus was in much greater abundance near the surface than in the deep water. The vertical hauls were taken at the same intervals as before, the last being from 75 fathoms. Their contents, which measured vespectively 55, 4,9, 4, and 4 c.c’s, were similar to the hauls collected horizontally. The other species observed included Pseudocalanus, Centropages hamatus, Acartia claust, and Hucheta norvegica, but these occurred only in small numbers. May.—Three horizontal and four vertical hauls were collected in May. The first three included a surface, mid-water, and bottom gathering, and measured respectively 15, 24, and 60 c.c.’s. The vertical hauls were from 15, 30, 45, and 74 fathoms, and measured respectively 9, 9°5, 12, and 42 c.c.’s. These hauls show a gradual increase in the quantity of pelagic crustacea from the surface downwards. The contents of the different gatherings, like those collected in April, a Buel of Calanus, and were otherwise similar to them. June.—The gatherings collected in June dicen pfieet three neiizoniedl and five vertical hauls. The surface gathering was very small and measured only 1 ¢.c., but the other horizontal gatherings from mid-water and bottom contained a moderate quantity of pelagic crustacea, and measured respec- tively about 50 and 75 c.c.’s. The vertical hauls were comparatively small; they measured respectively 4:5, 7, 12, 9°5, and 14'5 c.c.’s, and consisted, like the others, almost entirely of Calanus. Aveust.—Vertical hanls from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms were collected in August, and measured respectively 3°5, 5°5, 11°5, and 22°5 c.c.’s. Calanus was almost the only species observed in these gatherings. SepreMBER.—The gatherings collected in September were also all vertical hauls. One was taken at 15 and 30 fathoms, two at 45 fathoms, and one at 60 and another at 75 fathoms. The gatherings from 15 and 30 fathoms measured respectively 4:5, 5 c.c.’s, one of the gatherings from 45 fathoms 4°5 and the other 9 c.c.’s, while those from 60 and 75 fathoms measured respectively 75 and 125 c.c.’s. All these gatherings consisted chiefly of Culanus. Some other species, including Psewdocalanus elongatus, Bradyidius armatus, Hucheta norvegica, Acartia clausit, Rhoda raschi, Nyctiphanes, and Sagitta were observed, but they occurred very sparingly. Ocroper.—Five vertical hauls were collected in October. The first three gatherings were very small, and measured respectively 1, 1, and 1°5 of the Fishery Board for Scotland. oe e.c.’s, while that from 60 fathoms measured 25 c¢.c.’s, and the last from 70 fathoms, 170 c.c.’s. These gatherings showed that pelagic crustacea, though apparently scarce from 15 down to 45 fathoms, were fairly abun- dant near the bottom. The contents of the different hauls consisted for the most part of Calanus, and were otherwise similar to those collected in September. 1906. The gatherings collected in 1906 numbered 25. Five were collected in Apriland June, and the same number in August, September, and October. They were all vertical hauls, from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms, and one from the bottom. Aprit.—The gatherings collected in April seemed to indicate that pelagic crustacea, though not very plentiful, were distributed more or less uniformly throughout the water. The hauls measured respectively 5, 5, 7, 11-5, and 8 c.c.’s, showing an average of about 7°3 c.c.’s for each. The contents of the different hauls consisted as usual for the most part of Calanus, but a few other species were also observed, comprising Pseudo- calanus, Hucheta and Acartia clausi, three or four Vyctiphanes, and a small number of Sagitta. JunE.—The distribution of the pelagic crustacea as shown by the June gatherings still continued fairly uniform, but there was apparently a considerable increase, especially in the number of Calanus, the average for the five hauls being about four times the average for April. The gather- ings collected in June measured respectively 25, 22°5, 24, 35, and 40 c¢ There was a slight increase in the number of Hucheta present in the bottom gathering, but otherwise the contents of the various hauls were similar to those collected in April. Aveust.—The gatherings collected in August showed that a consider- able falling off in the number of pelagic crustacea had taken place since the June gatherings were collected, and that their distribution was much less uniform. The hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms were similar in quantity, and measured only 3°5 c.c.’s each, those from 45 and 60 fathoms measured respectively 19 and 17°5 c.c.’s, while that from the bottom measured 70 c.c.’s. The contents of these ‘eatherings did not differ much from those collected in June, except that Calanus appeared to be more immature. SEPTEMBER.—The September gatherings somewhat resembled those of the previous mouth, but Hucheta appeared to be rather more frequent, and in some of the hauls formed about 1 per cent. of the catch. The hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms measured respectively 2°5 and 5 c.c.’s, and that from 45 fathoms 21 c.c.’s. The next two gatherings—the one from 60 fathoms and the other from the bottom—differed considerably. The one measured only 15 while the other measured 60 ¢.c.’s. A few Rhoda raschi and Nyctiphanes occurred in the gatherings from deep water, and a small number of Sagitta were also observed, but Calanus was ae pre- dominating species in all the gatherings. OctrosBer.—The hauls collected in October from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms were small, and measured 3, 2°5, and 6 c.c.’s respectively, but those from 60 and 70 fathoms measured, the one 55 and the other ll5c.c’s. The contents of the various hauls were similar to those collected during the previous month. 1907. The gatherings collected in 1907 numbered twenty-four. They were all vertical hauls. Five of them were collected in April and May, four in September, and five in October and December, as described below :— Aprit.—The distribution of the pelagic crustacea, and especially of Calanus, was shown by the gatherings collected in April to be more or 92 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report less uniform from 30 fathoms downwards, and also to be fairly abundant. Above 30 fathoms they were apparently scarcely so numerous. The five hauls collected at this time measured respectively 8, 16, 20, 16, and 14 c.c.’s. The last gathering, which was from 73 fathoms, contained a few Eucheeta, Nyctiphanes, and Sagitta in addition to Calanus, which constituted the chief portion of this as well as of the other gatherings mentioned. May.—The gatherings collected in May from 15 and 30 fathoms measured respectively 8°5 and 8 c.c.’s, while the others from 45, 60, and 73 fathoms measured 20, 25, and 18 c.c.’s. The contents of the several gatherings resembled those collected in April, except that Hucheta was rather more numerous in the haul from 73 fathoms, and formed about 3 per cent. of this gathering. A few specimens of Wyctiphanes and Rhoda raschi were also observed. SEPTEMBER.—Four gatherings were collected in September. The first three, taken at the usual depths, were comparatively small; the one from 15 and that from 30 fathoms measured 5 c.c.’s each, and the other from 45 fathoms 6 c.c.’s. But while these gatherings seemed to indicate that pelagic crustacea were not very plentiful down to 45 fathoms, that from 67 fathoms showed them to be moderately abundant towards the bottom. This gathering measured 130 c.c.’s. All the gatherings consisted for the most part of Calanus; Pseudocalanus and Acartia claust occurred in small numbers (less than } per cent.) in the hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms, and a few specimens of Vyctiphanes and Rhoda raschi in that from 67 fathoms. OctopEerR.--The gatherings collected at this station in October showed that the tendency of the pelagic crustacea to crowd towards the bottom was even greater than in the previous month. The hauls from 15 and 30 fathoms measured only 2 c.c.’s each, and that from 45 fathoms 5 c.c.’s. The haul from 60 fathoms was also comparatively small, while a gathering from near the bottom (77 fathoms) measured 168 c.c.’s. These, like the September gatherings, consisted almost entirely of Calanus. DecemMBer.—'The gatherings collected in December differed little from those just described, and showed a somewhat similar inequality in the distribution of the pelagic crustacea. The gatherings consisted chiefly of Calanus. A few other species, comprising Hucheta norveyica, Rhoda raschi, and Nyctiphanes norvegicus, and also Sagitta, were observed, but they occurred very sparingly. 1908. The number of gatherings collected at this station in 1908 was thirty-four or thirty-five. Three were collected in February, four in March, and the same number in May. Five or six were collected in June, fivein August, four in September, three in November, and five in December, as described below. Frepruary.—The three gatherings collected in February were from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms, and measured respectively 20, 23, and 45 c.c.’s. The first two consisted entirely of Calanus, no other species being observed, while the third differed only in that it contained a few Sagitta. ; Marcu.—The gatherings collected in March comprised four hauls. The smallest gathering was that from 15 fathoms and the largest from 30 fathoms; these two measured respectively 4 and 25 c.c.’s. The other two from 45 and 60 fathoms measured, the one 17 and the other 21 c.c.’s. These gatherings, like those collected in February, consisted almost entirely of Calanus. May.—Four gatherings were also collected in May. They resembled those just described in that they consisted almost entirely of Calanus, but the haul from 15 fathoms was rather larger than either of the next two from 30 and 45 fathoms, and was only slightly less than that from 60 fathoms, the measurements being as follows:—The haul from 15 fathoms measured 20 ¢,c.’s, that from 30 fathoms 18 c¢.c.’s, while the others from of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 93 45 and 60 fathoms measured respectively 19 and 21 c.c.’s. These gather- ings showed that the distribution of Calanuws was fairly uniform from 15 fathoms downwards. JunE.—The gatherings collected in June showed a moderate increase in the various catches except that from 30 fathoms, which amounted only to about two-thirds of that for May from the same depth. The gatherings from 15, 30, 45, and 60 fathoms measured respectively 29, 11, 30, and 32 c.c.’s, Two other haulsfrom 78 and 80 fathoms measured each 50 c.c.’s. The contents of these various hauls were similar to those previously described. Aveust.—The five hauls collected in August exhibited still further changes in the distribution of the pelagic crustacea, and there also appeared to be a falling off in the number of these organisms in the upper strata, and at the same time a marked increase towards the bottom of the loch. While the gatherings from 15, 30, and 45 fathoms measured respectively 6:5, 13:5, and 23°5 c.c.’s, those from 60 and 75 fathoms measured, the one 41 and the other 100 c.c.’s. SEPTEMBER.—AlIl the gatherings collected in September were small, showing that a considerable decrease in the number of pelagic crustacea all over the loch had taken place since the station was visited in August. The hauls, taken in the same order as before, measured respectively 2:5, 2, 3, and 6 c.c.’s, and though Calanus continued to be the more common species, there appeared to be a larger number of Huchceta present, especially in the haul from 60 fathoms. In this haul Hucheta formed about 1 per cent. of the gathering. A few specimens of Pseudocalanus were also observed, as well as a small number of Sagitta. NovemBer.—Three vertical hauls were collected in‘ November. One from 15 fathoms was nearly blank. A gathering from 45 fathoms was also small, and measured only 1 c.c. It consisted chiefly of Calanus, together with a small number (about 2 per cent.) of Hucheta norvegica. A third haul from 60 fathoms was moderately large, and measured 20 c.c.’s, and, like the others, it consisted for the most part of Calanus. A few Euchata, Rhoda raschi, and a small number of Sagitta were also present. DEcCEMBER.—The gatherings collected in December from 15 and 30 fathoms measured only ‘5 and 1°5 c.c’s., that from 45 fathoms was some- what larger, and measured 6°5 c.c.’s. Below this pelagic crustacea were met with in considerable abundance; hauls taken at 60 and 70 fathoms measured respectively 47 and 90 c.c.’s. OTHER GATHERINGS EXAMINED. A few gatherings were collected in the vicinity of Skate Island in April 1905 and June 1906. The former comprised three horizontal hauls and five vertical ones, and the latter, four hauls, which were also vertical. Three vertical hauls were also taken off Minard, two in March and one in November 1908. All these gatherings, collected with the usual tow-nets, did not differ greatly in their contents from those taken in other parts of Loch Fyne. In October 1906 several hauls were made off Inveraray and also off Newton with a large “‘ mid-water” net, and considerable quantities of Calanus, Eucheta norvegica, Nyctiphanes norvegicus, and Rhoda raschi were captured, but with the exception of a quantity of Sagitta little else was observed in these gatherings. The following tables show the number of vertical hauls collected at each of the six stations mentioned in the preceding notes, the year and month when collected, and the depth from which the various hauls were taken. The quantity of each haul is also stated, in most cases in cubic centi- metres (c.c.’s), but some hauls which measured less than 1 ¢.c. are marked “sm.”—small. The horizontal hauls are left out, as no such gatherings were taken after 1905. 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"A NOILVLS Part III—Twenty-seventh Annual Report 96 ‘oov]d puv oll} otuvs ye s[Neg OMT, x IT 8 g.T T “ae =e G-G - ‘wis | ‘urs nor fe one meio W's wes 405 Bon U's oe T ‘u's poo nian “W'S “UL'S G.T G T “U's “UL'S “U's z wes “ee E C.Z “UL'S “U's ‘u's G GT PR's GP g.T 2 3 ae G6 | Gd or pe “W's 91 &T A086 N00 G.T ‘u's | ¢.g 6.3 600 mae e Z 158 a “UL'S ni0% 560 G.e c.e Gifs Bi - Sac Onn boo ao atic noo Ge cite ws Btn AA REE | EMERGE) | RSE 5 |] MSS ECEL) | tL =|] SB CHCSIIL ‘ad SUP eT ‘a Buy eT WOIF 8061 moa} JO6T wort 906L wmoay GO6L Wort 8061 woay JO6T £ WL pez.e][09 s[ney{ [vol}AaA JO (S,"0°d) SIoJoUITZtIED oIGNo UT seTyUENy qoquasaq = Se ee 5 TOqUWa.A0 NT ‘u's | ‘Ur'S ws | - - £9q07009 “U's “US G.T 2 Jaquieydag G.T T Se |= - 4snsny 9 e ‘us | - - eune { sas | coy ae ait G.T 5 u's u's US y } ludy ome ae “ws |) ES ecaae “u's | f ore ae ee Gs amen ee Areniqa 7 eee one oe 2 & Arenuep ‘a SUSE ‘ad “SULT GT ‘opeul ory 0bn UOT SOG a1aM SUOTDA|TOD vem syyUoTy UL pe}d9|[09 S[NVFT [eorzteA Jo (S,'0°0) saojauityued o1qnd UT selyyUeNy ‘o°o T uryy sset AqWUenb—{[ewWs = -w's ‘IIT NOILVIg "u10990q = “g "AI NOILVig eat. 4 ae i, of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 97 List of the Species of the Crustacea obtained in the Gatherings from Loch Fyne described in the preceding Notes. COPEPODA. Nearly all the Copepoda observed belong to the division Calanoida, G. O. Sars. Two species belong to the Harpacticoida, one to the Cyclopoida, and one to the Monstrilloida. CALANOIDA. Calanus septentrionalis (Goodsir). This is the Calanus helgolandicus of Claus, but Goodsir’s is the older name. It does not difter greatly from C. finmarchicus (Gunner), and perhaps should be still included in that species. It is the most common and generally distributed species in our seas, and it is also the most important, as it forms a large part of the food of the herring. Paracalanus parvus, Claus. This small species occurred in gatherings from Stations V. and VI. and one or two other stations, but always rather sparingly. Pseudocalanus elongatus, Boeck. This species is generally distributed, and sometimes moderately common in Loch Fyne. It occurred in most of the gatherings examined. Bradyidius armatus, Vanhoffen. This species occurred sparingly at Stations II., V., and VI., and one or two other stations. Eucheta norvegica, Boeck. Plentiful in large “ mid-water” and “ring” net gatherings collected off Inveraray and Newton in October 1906, and more or less sparingly in gatherings collected with the ordinary tow-net, at most of the stations referred to in the preceding notes. Diaixis pygmeus (T. Scott). Rare in a bottom gathering collected at Station IV., Upper Loch Fyne, March 1905. Centropages typicus, Kroyer. This species appeared to be rare in Loch Fyne. The only gathering in which it was observed was in a vertical haul from 15 fathoms collected at Station II. in August 1905. Mr. W. L. Calderwood has also recorded this species from E. Loch Tarbert (Lower Loch Fyne). 15th Annual Report, Fishery Board for Scotland, Part IIL, p. 146 (1897). Centropages hamatus (Lillj.). This occurred in many of the gatherings examined, and was occasionally moderately frequent. * Temora longicornis (O. F. Miiller). Zemora was observed sparingly in gatherings from several stations, and appeared to be generally distributed. Metridia lucens, Boeck, occurred rather sparingly in gatherings collected at Stations IJ., III., V., and VI., and at one or two other stations. Anomalocera patersoni, Templ., was obtained usually in surface gather- ings or in gatherings from near the surface at several stations, but always in small numbers. Parapontella brevicornis (Lubbock). This was one of the rarer species observed. It occurred in gatherings from Stations II., III., and VI., and one or two other stations. Acartia clausi, Giesbrecht. Hitherto this is the only species of Acartia that has been recorded from Loch Fyne. Is occurred, though somewhat sparingly, in a large proportion of the gatherings examined. HARPACTICOIDA. Zosime typica, Boeck. This species was observed in a gathering from Station V. in 1905. Harpacticus uniremis, Kroyer. This species occurred in a gathering collected off Skate Island. 98 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report CYCLOPOIDA. Oithona similis, Claus. This species was moderately rare in gatherings from Stations IJ. and III. MONSTRILLOIDA. Thaumaleus rigidus, 1. C. Thompson. The only gathering in which this species was met with was one from Station IV., collected in August 1906. AMPHIPODA. Most of the Amphipoda recorded here occurred in bottom hauls. Parathemisto oblivia (Kroyer) was obtained in one of the gatherings collected at Station VI. in March 1905. Tryphosites longipes (Bate), in a bottom gathering from Station IT. Harpinia pectinata, G. O. Sars. This species was observed in gatherings both from Stations II.and V. Two of the specimens from Station V. were infested with the small crustacean parasite Spheronella cluthe, T. Scott. Leucothoe lilljeborgi, Boeck, occurred ina gathering from Station V., collected in April 1905. Epimeria cornigera (Fabr.). Iphimedia obesa, Rathke. Apherusa bispinosa (Bate). These three species were obtained in a bottom haul from Station III, collected in February 1905. Dexamine spinosa (Montagu) occurred in one of the gatherings collected in April 1905 at Station VI. Stggacephaloides christianiensis (Boeck) was obtained in a gathering from Station IT., collected in May 1905. Gammarus locusta (Linné), Station V., August 1905. ISOPODA. Three species belonging to the Chelifera, one to the Flabellifera, and one to the Asellota were obtained in bottom gatherings, viz. :— Leptognathia brevimana (Lilljborg). This species occurred sparingly in gatherings both from Station IT. and Station V. Leptognathia brevirenis (Lilljeborg). In a gathering from Station V. ; rare. Pseudotanais forcipatus (Lilljeborg). This species was observed in gatherings from Station V., collected in March and April 1905. Eurydice pulchra, Leach. Rare in a surface gathering collected off Inveraray in October 1906. Janira maculosa, Leach. Station II. in May 1905. SYMPODA. The following species of crustacea belonging to this group have been observed in the gatherings that have been examined :— Leucon nasicus (Kréyer). Station V., in a bottom gathering collected in April 1905. Eudorella truncatula (Bate). This occurred in the same gathering with the last. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 99 Diastyloides biplicata, G. O. Sars. In a bottom gathering collected in the vicinity of Station VI. Leptostylis sp. In the same gathering with the last was a specimen of Leptostylis which was not satisfactorily determined, but probably belonged to L. villosa, G. O. Sars. Campylaspis rubicunda, Lilljeborg. Was obtained in a bottom gather- ing from Station I. It has also been collected near Lowburn. Campylaspis costata. Collected in the vicinity of Station V. in the same gathering as the Diastyloides mentioned above. SCHIZOPODA. Five species belonging to this group were observed, viz. :— Nyctiphanes norvegica, M. Sars. Abundant in gatherings ccllected with large “ mid-water ” and “ ring” nets off Inveraray and Newton in October 1906, and also, but more or less sparingly, in gatherings from Kilfinnan Bay, Barmore, Furnace, and Strachur Bays, etc. Rhoda rascht (M. Sars). Common in the same gatherings with Vycti- phanes collected off Inveraray and Newton, and sparingly in gatherings from most of the stations referred to in the preceding notes. Leptomysis gracilis, G. O. Sars. In a gathering from Station IL., collected in February 1908. Hemimysis lamorne (R. Q. Couch). This small and brightly-coloured species was also obtained in Station II., in a gathering collected in May 1905. Schiztomysis ornata (G. O. Sars). Station III., in a gathering collected in February 1905. DECAPODA. The following are a few Decapod species which were also observed in some of the gatherings. They all belong to the Caridea. Crangon allmanni, Kinahan. Obtained in a gathering collected at Station IT. Hippolyte securifrons, Norman. Collected in Station If. in May 1905. Caridion gordoni (Bate). Obtained in the same gathering with the last. Pandalus montagui, Leach, This also occurred in the gathering from Station II. with the two species just recorded. Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke). Station III., February 1905. Pasiphea sivado (Rizzo). This species was obtained in a gathering collected in the vicinity of Station VI. in March 1905. Larval forms belonging both to the Decapoda and Schizopoda were also occasionally met with, but usually more or less sparingly. Hwvadne nord- manni and Podon leuckarti were also observed, as well as a few specimens of Ostracoda, 2.e., Cytheridea papillosa and others. Sagittz were also present in many of the gatherings, but usually in small numbers. 100 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report IV.—EXPERIMENTS TO SHOW THE INFLUENCE OF COLD IN RETARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EGGS OF THE HERRING (CLUPEA HARENGUS, L.), PLAICE (PLEURONECTES PLATESSA, L.), AND HADDOCK (GADUS 4GLEFINUS, .). By H. Cuas. Wiuamson, M.A., Tee F.R.S.E., Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen. (PuatE [.) CONTENTS. PAGE. Introduction, . : : : j : ' : 100 The Different Lots of Spawn, : : : : ; ; 4 101 Lots I., IJ., and Ill, . ; d J : : 5 ; 103 The Cooling Arrangement, ; 103 Table of Temperature of the uncooled water of Lots its i055 and IIL., ; 106 SD) cooled ” 27 ND te) ) : 108 Fourth Lot of Spawn, ; f ; 108 Table of Temperature of the Fourth Lot of Spawn uncooled, ‘ : 110 hey slice } Ky ORM cooled sa iite ; . 113 Fifth Lot of Spawn, ; ; 5 113 Table of Temperature of ‘the Fifth Lot of Spawn uncooled, 4 ; - 115 29099 ” a3 39 or) cooled, ° . : 118 Sixth Lot of Spawn, ; ; : : 5 118 Meyer’s Experiments on the Incubation of the Eggs of the Herring at Kiel, 119 Summary of Experiments in Laboratory, ; i . 5 : 120 Crystals found inside the zona, . F : 4 é : 122 Fertilization of the Eggs of the Herring, . : F ‘ : 122 The Herring Larva, : : ; é : ; 122 The Transport of Living Adult Herrings, ; ; 124 Experiments on the Pelagic Eggs of the Haddock and | Plaice, y : 125 Experiments on Turbot, ; : 126 Explanation of Plate L., : . : ; : : } 127 The Government of New Zealand has requested the Fishery Board for Scotland to carry out certain experiments bearing on the retardation of the development of the ova of the herring. Information was desired as to whether it was possible to prolong the period of incubation to 50 days, an interval which would admit of the eggs being conveyed from this country to New Zealand before they hatched. Since the period of incubation depends, within limits, on the temperature of the water, the retardation of development is a matter of maintaining the eggs at a sufficiently low temperature. I was asked by Dr. Fulton to make - these experiments, and I have been able to show that the period of incuba- tion may be extended to 50 days. Some embryos were in the egg for a longer period. The eggs upon which the experiments were made were obtained at Anstruther in February and March 1908, during the winter herring fishing in the Firth of Forth. Since the ova of the herring are adhesive, it is con- venient to have them spread on glass plates. This facilitates examination from time to time, and simplifies the arrangements for transport. On February 17 very few herrings were being caught, and of these the majority were not yet ripe. There was, however, a proportion of them in the running condition. The herrings were being caught close inshore, where of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 101 the water was too shallow to permit the large boats to drift. They were also being taken in nets anchored in three fathoms of water. When the herrings are so ripe that the eggs and milt run freely from them they are termed locally ‘‘ maisie herrings.” With the courteous assistance of Mr. W. Keir, Fishery Officer, Anstruther, arrangements were made whereby the skippers* of certain boats kindly agreed to try to bring a few herrings ashore alive. For this purpose herring barrels were employed. A small hole was bored in the side of the barrel near the bottom ; it was closed with a peg, and was intended as an outlet for the bottom water when the water was being freshened. Some live ripe herrings were got in this way, and from them I obtained a sufficient supply of spawn. Spawn was also taken from some dead herrings. The method in which the artificial fertilization was carried out was that described by Ewart.t The milt was pressed out intothe water inatub. A female herring was then taken into the tub. A glass plate, 9 inches square, was held below the fish to receive the eggs as they were pressed out in a narrow ribbon. The ova were distributed as well as possible over the plate, although the struggles of the fish interfered to prevent this being always satisfactorily accomplished, the movements of the tail occasionally scattering the eggs. The eggs adhered to the plate immediately on contact, ‘here were often some scales attached to the eggs. Where the eggs were taken from fishes that had been several hours dead the plates were more liberally sprinkled with scales than in those cases where the fishes were alive. The number of herrings brought back in the barrel was usually about ten, and as a rule the majority were dead on the arrival of the boat ; they had been from six to eight hours in the barrel. It was found that the herrings which survived were ripe, those in which the ova and milt ran out on gentle pressure. The females having large hard roes succumbed more readily. The glass plates with the ova adhering to them were allowed to stand for from one to seven hours in the tub among the water containing the milt. They were contained in wooden cases, each of which held six or more plates. For transport to Aberdeen the cases were put into barrels filled with sea water. The cases floated. The barrei was headed up after being filled completely. There was a certain amount of doubt as to how long it was safe to leave the eggs in the tub in which there was an excess of milt. It is probable that fertilization is completed in a comparatively short time, e.g., within three or four hours. Brook noted the evidence of fertilization in the formation of the perivitelline space in one case half an hour after the mixing of the sperm and ova. Probably the only danger which might be expected to threaten the eggs would be from the decay of the unused milt. At this time the weather was very cold, and it is probable the danger was not a very near one. Six lots of spawn were got in all, viz. :— I. The first lot of spawn was obtained on the morning of 18th February. The herrings were dead, but they had been alive just a short time previously. The milt flowed out freely on pressure in a rather coherent form, The eggs were fertilized at 2 a.m., and the plates were leit in the tub till 10 a.m. They were then transferred to the barrel and sent to Aberdeen. They were unpacked at the Laboratory and put into running water at 7 p.m. They had been nine hours in the barrel. II. The eggs of this lot were obtained on the afternoon of February 18 from both live and dead herrings; the milt was supplied by live males. The plates stood in the original water in which the eggs and milt were * Messrs. M‘Kay, T. and J. Birrel, Anstruther ; J. Paton, Montrose ; and Smith, St. Monance. + Ewart—‘‘ Natural History of the Herring.” Second Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland for 1883. Hdinburgh, 1884. P. 71. 102 Part I1L.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report spawned for three-and-a-half hours. Some plates were filled with ova, and fertilization was attempted with maisie herrings of both sexes that had been dead for six hours. The later history of this lot is not known, as they became mixed with the preceding plates of Lot II. The barrel containing the cases was headed up at 6 p.m., and it was unpacked in the Laboratory 19 hours later. The water had been unchanged during that period. Ill. The third lot of eggs was got at mid-day on February 19 from two live herrings, a female 25 cm. long and a male 28°8 cm. in length. The milt was squeezed out in a coherent ribbon. Three plates were filled. The plates were allowed to remain for one hour before they were packed in the barrel. Some of the milty water was put into the barrel. The barrel was unpacked 74 hours later. IV. Spawn was obtained at St. Monance at 1.30 a.m. on February 28 from live and dead females. The milt was obtained from live herrings. Both the milt and the eggs ran more freely than during the operations a week previously. The barrel was packed at 7.30 a.m., and unpacked at Aberdeen seven hours later, or 13 hours after fertilization. The water had only been changed once, that was when the barrel was packed. V. The fifth lot of spawn was among gravel. A thick layer of gravel was put into a barrel, which was taken to sea in a fishing boat. The spawning was carried out by one of the crew. The milt was pressed out of a living male herring into a bucket of water. The living females were pressed in the barrel of water. Some milt was added from the bucket with each female spawned. An attempt was made to distribute the spawn over the gravel. The eggs falling to the bottom became attached to the gravel and formed big masses of eggs stuck together, or remained unattached single eggs. The egos were spawned between 4 a.m. and 5 a.m. on March 5dth, and the con- signment arrived at the Laboratory about 9 p.m. on that day. As the weather was cold at this time, no arrangements were necessary in the case of any of the consignments to guard against any possible rise in temperature during the journey. It is important at all stages to have good clean water for the eggs. Mud sticks closely. It may sometimes be removed partially by means of a brush or a little jet of water. In transferring the plates of eggs from one receptacle to another, and also, later, when examining the eggs, it was necessary to expose them temporarily to the air. This is probably a disadvantage, although no harm was clearly traced directly to this cause. Every plate has been in this way exposed to the air. In future arrangements this should be avoided. The sixth lot of spawn was obtained in September. It was, like the last, mixed with gravel. The barrel was forwarded without any cooling arrange- ments. It arrived on September 12th. On that date the temperature of the air was at one time 15:2° C. On arrival at the Laboratory the eggs were not, as a rule, transferred directly to the cooled water. They were usually left a night in the wooden cases in running water. Then they were distributed in the cooled boxes, or in water of the ordinary temperature. The water supplied to the hatchery at this time of the year was cold, sometimes being below 4° C. On February 28, 29, and March 1, the temperature of the water on each date fell to between 2° and 3° C. The spawn on the glass plates was at first put into the egg-boxes (E, in the accompanying wood-cut). The glass plates are there shown inclined in position, with the eggs on the under side. The water supplied to the eggs, uncooled and cooled, was filtered through sand. Several filters were made of herring barrels, as shown in the sketch. On the bottom was set a layer of large stones, covered by a layer of pebbles. (ol \ |" ies ay Wy eae’ . ele it, yo eee : he h ata Lf ) ae a \ \ Hf, wooden hatching-box (Dannevig’s) : 5, sieve bottom to hatching-box. E, egg-box (sheet metal): fs, fine sand: 97, gravel: gs, coarse sand: > / NP LEP OEY LET LET LOOID. EOP ET (ED A A AT A z, inflow : /, ice jacket to egg-box : 0, overflow : J, ice tin: FILTER. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 103 Above that a layer of gravel supported two layers of sand. The latter were each about four inches thick. The lower layer was a coarse sand, while the upper was a fine sand. The two grades were separated by means of a sieve from mixed sand. When the filter became dirty it was easily refilled. Sometimes it was sufficient to replace the upper sand layers with fresh material. The cooling of the water was, on the advice of Dr. Fulton, arranged in the following manner. The apparatus consisted of a wooden trough 74 feet long by 1 foot wide by 10 inches deep (see wood-cut) In the trough a number of tins filled with ice, or ice and salt (I), were fixed. They were on guides attached to the two sides alternately, so as to cause the current of water to flow in a zig-zag course. As many as twelve tins, measuring 3 to 5 inches in width, about 10 inches wide, and 14 inches high, were placed in the trough. The partially cooled water passed out from the bottom of the trough at (i) into the hatching apparatus.. It then met a series of two or three tins filled with ice. For a short time at the beginning of the experi- ment a mixture of ice and salt was put into the tins. Passing these, it entered the sheet-steel ege-box (E), which was surrounded with ice (J), and which had a lid filled with ice. The water then proceeded to another egg- box or into a hatching-box (H), as shown in the drawing. In this case the hatching-box contains spawn on gravel (gr). The arrow denotes the course taken by the water. The letter (0) denotes the overflow. The temperatures were taken by the attendant for the most part, but from time to time by myself. The observations were made, with few exceptions, from three to seven times in the twenty-four hours. Lot I.—February 18,—The water in the barrel in which the spawn was brought to Aberdeen was dirty ; it had been got at low water in Anstruther harbour, On arrival the temperature of the water was 5°6° C., with a specific gravity of 27:2. The temperature of the water in the hatchery was 4°4° C., and the specific gravity 27:2. The plates were left in this running water overnight. February 19.—The plates were taken out of the water at 32° C., and put directly into a cooled egg-box ii which the water was at 0-4° C. Lot I[.—February 19.—-When this lot arrived at the Laboratory the water in the barrel was at 6° C. The plates were put into running hatchery water at 3°6° C. till next day. —— February 20.—The plates were transferred from the water at 3°8° C. to ege-boxes at 0° C. and —1° C. respectively. Lot ITI.—February 19.—On arrival the eggs were put into the hatchery water at 4° C. February 20.—The plates were transferred at 8 a.m., directly from the water at 3°8° C. to the cooled water at 0° C. and —-4° C. An egg was examined shortly after the plates had been put into the cooled water. It was in the blastodisc stage (fig. 1), The zona was torn at the point where the egg had adhered to the plate. A small piece of weed was adhering to the zona. At 11 a.m. a box containing one plate of Lot III. was taken out of the cooling apparatus when the water was at —1:8° C. The box was left standing to permit of the water warming up. At 2.20 p.m it was at 1° C., and by 7.45 p.m. it had reached a temperature of 5°4° C. A current of water at 5°6° C. was then started flowing through the box. This box received water at the ordinary temperature after this date. On February 21 a plate each from Lots I. and II. were put into this box. That from Lot I. was taken from 0°3° C. and put straight into water at 1:4° C. An hour-and-a-half later the water registered 4°6° C., and the plate was then transferred to the tin at 6°8° C. The plate of Lot IT. was shifted directly from water at 4° C. to water at 2° C., and then from 2:1° C, 104 Part [II.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report into the tin at 8:2° C. For the temperature of the water from this time to March 25 see Table, p. 106. The eggs on the three plates were examined at this date. Under the lens © the eggs of all three lots were seen to have been fertilized ; the blastodisc and a wide perivitelline space were apparent. The double egg-membrane was more or less distinctly made out. The egg of Lot IIL. measured 1-4 mm. across the outer envelope, while the yolk sphere was ‘9 mm. in diameter. The eggs were stuck very fast to the glass plate, and could not be dislodged by a brush. A knife was required to remove them. Of five eggs examined, one was dead ; the others were in excellent condition. The dead egg had a wide perivitelline space, but the yolk sphere was shrunken. It appeared to have been fertilized. February 22—An egg of Lot I. showed a large thick blastodisec now saucer-shaped (fig. 2). The disc covers the yolk like a cap. A number of rod-like crystals are present inside the zona, In Lot II. the saucer-shaped disc had a comparatively thin outline (fig. 3). The blastodise was composed of very small cells; it covered half the yolk sphere. The long crystals were present on the inside and outside of the zona, and on the yolk sphere. The two-layered structure of the zona was well seen, since the outer layer (0) which adhered to the glass had broken off, exposing the inner layer (i). The eggs of Lot III. were in the same stage as Lot II. While the egg of Lot I. was in the Laboratory, viz., 4 hours, it developed from. the stage drawn (fig. 2) to that shown by the egg of Lot II. (fig. 3). February 23.—An egg of one of the lots which was examined on February 22 was left till the following day in a glass cell, in which it was barely covered with water. It had reached the condition shown i in Fig. 4. The blastoderm almost, if not quite, covers the yolk. Febrnary 25.—In Lot I, the embryo was about half-way round the yolk (fig. 5). Kupffer’s vesicle was not made out. The eye was dimly visible. There were many long crystals on the outside of the zona; they were apparently larger than those noted before. On the plate of ‘Lot II. the live egos were at the same stage as Lot I. (fig. 6). Long crystals were seen inside the zona. Kupffer’s “vesicle was not seen. The blastopore seems to be closed. In the specimen drawn the eye was not made out, but in another specimen it was distinct (fig. 15). The head is shown in optical section in Fig. 16. A number of dead eggs on this plate had not swollen out to the size of the live eggs. A slight perivitelline space was visible, but it was not so extensive as that of aliveegg. The dead eggs were easily dislodged by the touch of a pipette, whereas the live eggs stuck hard, and were forced off with a distinct jar. These dead eggs did not appear to have been fertilized. Lot III. were at the same stage as Lot I. The crystals both inside and outside the zona were very long and numerous. March 2.—A sample of the eggs of Lot I. was scraped off. All were alive save one. The embryo now showed a free tail (fig. 7). At this stage the embryo almost completely encircled the yolk. The eggs of Lot II. (fig. 8) were slightly further developed. The tail was now further away from the head. With the growth in length in the free portion of the tail, the snout and the point ou the yolk sac where the tail began have grown further and further apart. Lot III. (fig. 9) was ahead of Lot II. The eggs of Lots I. and ITI. were very dirty. March 4.—The eggs were doing well. The tail in Lot I. (fig. 10) has grown much in length, although it is not much in advance of the stage that had been reached by Lot III. two days previously. The embryo on Lot II. was slightly further developed than Lot I. There was a large quantity of crystals inside the eggs. Although Lot III. was fertilized one day later than of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 105 Lot L., the embryos were further advanced, because it was in the cooled water for a shorter time (see Table, p. 106). March 11.—In Lot I. the little fish was well formed: the eyes were pigmented black. The tip of the tail came round to near its origin from the yolk sac (fig. 11). One embryo examined was in a less advanced condition ; the eyes were not pigmented. The only pigment visible in the embryo at this date was in the eyes. There were little colourless patches all over the head. The heart was beating slowly. March 16.—The stage arrived at by Lot I. is shown in Fig. 12. The embryo, which was now nearly ready to hatch, was lively. It twisted itself about like an eel inside the zona. ‘The heart was beating, and the long points from which the yolk is absorbed were visible on the anterior end of the yolk mass. There was a green iridescence in the dark eyes. March 19.—The first fry (fig. 55), only a few in number, were obtained on this date from Lots L, Il., and III. Hatching had taken place from each plate, after a period of incubation of 29 days in the case of the first two and of 28 days in the case of Lot III. In estimating the time of incubation, a new larva found on any date will be regarded as having been hatched on the previous day. The plates were examined. Lot I. contained the largest quantity of dead eggs ; Lots IT. and III. were in better condition. Several fry hatched out while the plates were being examined—most from Lot III. Although the eggs of Lot III. were the dirtiest, that plate contained the smallest number of dead eggs. Up till this date a strong current of water was flowing through the box. The egg when ready to hatch is translucent and colourless except for the two opaque silvery eyes, which show as dark - oints. < March 20,—A large number of fry was obtained. March 22.—-A few more fry appeared on this date. March 23.—About 40 larve had hatched out since the previous day. A good deal of fungus had appeared on the plate of Lot ITI. March 24.—Some fry had appeared since the day before. The plates of these lots had patches of fungus on them, and most of the eggs were dead, apparently just lately. Some of the eg ges were still alive. March 25.—Two larve were got on this date. March 27.—The plates of eggs were taken out and examined to-day. The plate of Lot I. was well covered with a thin scum of mould. The fungus could be lifted off in a matted sheet. There was a large proportion of the total quantity of eggs on the plate still adhering dead. A good pro- portion of these contained well-developed embryos, the tail being fairly long. Some had died when ready to hatch. The fungus is a mass of delicate hyphe (figs. 13 and 14). There are also present on the shells of the dead eggs the round white granular masses found on the eggs in the cooled water (PI. I., fig. 57 ). In band ¢ (fig. 13) are given enlarged drawings of the hypha in which granules were arranged in ‘little box-like collections. A spindle-shaped body shown in a (fig. 13) was observed floating about; it was a little broader than one of the hyphe. Lots II. and III. were similarly attacked. Lot II. had very few eggs, but they were covered by the matted fungus. The extensive destruction of the eggs and the appear- ance of the fungus had occurred since the previous examination of the plates on March 19. Did the fungus cause the death of the eggs or did it develop after they had been otherwise killed? The current of water flowing through the ova had been decreased, and this may have acted injuriously on the eggs. Although it is possible that when the fungus had obtained a good footing, it might of itself prove the destruction of the eggs still alive. The empty egg-capsule, from which the larva has issued, has sometimes merely an irregular tear across it; at other times a piece has been taken out completely (fig. 17). 106 Part [TT.— Twenty-seventh Annual Report On one part of the plate of Lot. I. there were 85 eggs on a surface half- an-inch (12‘5mm.) square. They were arranged in one layer. The eggs hatched after periods of incubation varying from 28 to 35 days, in water of the temperature given in the following table :— TABLE giving the temperature of the water during the period of Incubation. I. Il. III. i II Ill Ts II III. Feb. 18) *F. , 18/4°4,5°6 Mar. 113,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 |Mar. 13] 48 | 48 | 4:8 » 19 0, 32F.36,6 F.4] ,, 2/93,4/28 4/28, 4) ,, lel 44 | 44 | 44 >, 20\-1°8, 0\-1°6,3°8\--4,5,64 ,, 3) 4:5 4°5 4°5 sole Led ee 42 4:2 », 21] 0, 68] +4, 8:°216'3,8°7) ,, 4! 4:9 4°9 AQ EE Sy) LS 42 4:2 4:2 » 22166 | 66 | 66] ,, 5) 44] 44 | 44] 5 lol fan leas lras »» 25)3'6,4'8|3-6,4'3|3-6,4-) |, 71 43 | 43 | 43 1 3) 20/753 |753 | 753 », 26|3°6,4°2) 3°6,4°2 |3°6,4: Kev (fed Be B24 4:2 4°2 Amica a5) 5°6 56 3» 27/3°2,4°6|3'2,4°6/3-2.4-6 5 9 44 | 44 | 44] 5, 22lre7 |re7 |f6-7 5, 28|1°4,3°4|1-4,3-4/1-4,.3-4] |) 10] 54 | 54 | 54 | 3, osles3 1783 [783 », 29)/2°2,2°8) 2:2,2°8/2°2,2°3) ,, ll) 5:7 5°7 5:7 » 2If561f56 | £56 » 12) 46 | 46 | 46 *F. indicates the date of fertilization of the eggs. + The Lae ena on the following dates have been omitted :— Feb. 23 and 24; Mar. 6, 14, 15, and 24. + Date upon which fry was obtained. /. Fry. Lots I., II., and III. in Cooled Water.—Ic. IIc. ITT. The majority of the eggs of Lots I., II., and III. were kept continuously in cooled water. They are designated by the numbers Ic., IIc., and IIIc Feb. 21.—The eggs of Ic. exhibited a solid blastodise at this date (fig. 18). A very large quantity of little rod-like crystals were present inside the zona on the yolk. These crystals (cr, fig. 26, etc.), were present in large numbers inside the zona in the cooled eggs. Feb. 24.—The eges of Ic. and IIIc. now showed a saucer-shaped cap similar to the condition shown in fig. 3. The crystals were numerous inside the zona in IIIc. The edge of the blastoderm extended to about the middle of the yolk-sphere. IIc. had the solid blastodise shown in figs. 19 and 20. One egg which had a solid disc was left in a watch-glass over- night in the Laboratory. Next morning the germ was in the thin saucer- shaped condition (fig. 3). Some eggs showed a depression (de) in the yolk under one side of the blastodise (fig. 21). Feb. 26.—The eggs of Ic. (fig. 22) were not very much advanced on the stage found at the previous examination. The exterior of the egg was very dirty. The sample of eggs of IIc. showed various stages of the blastodise (cf. figs. 20, 23, 24, 2, 3): one was seen in the stage of fig. 22. In IIIc. the stages observed are shown in figs. 24, 25, and 26. There was a great quantity of crystals present in the yolk and on the inside of the zona, and especially at the edge of the blastoderm, where the latter appeared to be pushing the crystals in front of it. The crystals (cr) are shown in fig. 26, in which the blastopore seemed to be about to close. March 2.—Ic. and IIc. were examined. ‘The eggs are in the stage where the blastopore (b.p.) is closed (fig. 27). There was a good number of dead eggs. The plates occupying the last position in the cooled boxes, No. 1 and No. 2, had no live eggs on them. The eggs, which were very dirty, had been in the disc stage in the majority of cases at death, but some were noticed in stages up to the closure of the blastopore. I consider that the death of these eggs was due to insufficient aeration. A good many of the eggs of IIIc. also were dead. ‘The live eggs were in the stage shown in fig. 28. The blastopore was closed, but I could not make out a free end to the tail. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 107 March 3.—A slide of IIc. was examined on this date. The eggs were nearly all dead ; a few live eggs appeared here and there among the dead. One egg was in a backward condition ; the blastoderm covered only two- thirds of the yolk (fig. 29). The long crystals were present. March 5.—The eggs of Ic. did not show much advance on the stage of March 2. The tail had not begun to project yet (fig. 30). The eye can be faintly made out. The live eggs of IIc. and IIIc. were in a somewhat similar condition. One of the latter showed the tail just starting free (fig. 31). The eyes, although probably present, were not made out; the dirty condition of the zona tended to prevent complete examination. A plate of each lot was examined, and in the case of ic. and IIIc. a few live eggs were found, while in the plate of IIc. all were dead. In the plate of Ic., where the eggs were in two layers, the under layer next the glass sometimes con- tained several live eggs. Where the eggs were in a single layer, an occasional live egg only was noticed. March 9.—The stages reached by the eggs of Ic. are represented in figs. 32 and 33. The former exhibits a small free tail. March 11.—The average condition of the eggs of Ic. on this date is given in fig. 34. One was noticed a little further advanced, the tail being slightly longer. The eggs of IIc. were distinctly further on (fig. 35). March 13.—A live egg of Ic. showed the condition exhibited in fig. 36. March 16.—The egg of IIc. had the tail beginning to project. March 18.—In IIIc. one or two of the eggs were found in which the tail projected a little. One of these was left overnight in a glass cell in the Laboratory. Next day it had developed to the stage shown in fig. 37. The heart was beating gently and slowly. Very many of the eggs of Ic. and IIIc. were dead. The live eggs were few in number, and were imbedded among the dead eggs. March 24.—One of the plates of Ic. had no live eggs on it. Some of the eggs seemed to have died recently. In one of the dead eggs the tip of the tail reached to the head. Many oi the dead eggs were covered with small circular white patches (fig. 38). They could be removed along with the outer layer of the egg-shell. An enlarged drawing of a portion of one of these masses is shown in fig. 57. The organisms of which the masses were composed are shown in figs. 39-46. They probably only grow on the matter which exudes from a dead egg through the pores in the zona. March 29.—The last remaining plate of IIc. was examined. All the eggs were dead. March 31.—Some eggs of Ic. which were scraped off one of the plates were dead. April 2.—No fry was seen in Ic. April 8.—A plate of Ic. showed no live eggs. The eggs were covered with the white patches mentioned above. April 9.—Another plate of Ic. was examined. No live egg was found. Most of the eggs had died lately, some at the closure of the blastopore. All the eggs on a plate of IIIc. were dead. One of the eggs contained a dead fully-formed larva with black pigmented eyes. April 10.—On scraping the eggs off a plate of Ic. one egg was obtained containing what appeared to be a live embryo (fig. 47). The embryo was transparent and had black pigmented eyes. I did not, however, see the heart beat, nor was the embryo observed to move. It was kept till next day, when it came opaque, a certain indication of death. A number of dead larvee was released from the eggs when the plate was scraped. In some of these the tail reached to the auditory capsule. So far as I am aware, no fry was hatched from any of these three lots in cooled water. 108 Part [II.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report TABLE giving the Temperature in degrees centigrade of the Cooled Water in which were the Eggs of Lots Ic. IIc., and IIIc. Te. Ile. IIIc. Ic. and IIc. IIIe. Date. Date TPS aboce, M. m, M. m. M. m. M. m. Feb. 18 |*F.5°6| 4:4 /EF.... ie Ae ae) Mar. 4 1:6 6 2°4 8 Mateo) 3:2 0 6 Bao) ys. 4 alti Me) 24 9 32 16 se 0) 0 —16 3°8 |—1°6 S443) | lle be IG 2:4 1) 2 3:2 16 ree all “4 0 WZ if “el ee jlo aoa al 1:8 Sil we 1°8 a OT) BS eA Al Oa | 2) a ke 8 |] lege” pedals 1:2" suRee. 3 6 eo 0 3°4 1:2 54) a9 > 4 2'8 2. LOE Ora c= Brl tee | oa 28] 161 ,, 10 | 2 ‘3 | 3 2 ono 3 = [32 2) =I 3°4 1:2 eed) 1°6 6 2°8 1‘8 93 260 | Bly 4 Nib Dea ueesG dh iy) oy a4) nia Al Aenean es 13 Ben) i 2°4. 5 al 1:8 iD 3 ie nay lias 16 “4. 2:4. 14 ae OAS 1:2 “4. 6 — 2 1°6 1, » 14 w 8 3 1:6 » 29° | V2) | wie rg 8 To a Mog! a a oe oes Mar, JIN each ani er 2/18] 161 ,, 16 | 22} 12] 28] 29 yet) 16 “4. 1°4 0 2°4 1°4 Lary 2 1°4 2°6 2 ne 3 1°4 “4 245 ye6 2-4 if se ls 2 1 2°5 16 Ie. and IIc. IIIc. Ic. and IIc. IIIc. Date. Date +M. ime M. m. M. m M. m Mar. 19 16 1 2°4 1:4 Mar. 31 Bo 8 3°4 16 ai 240) 16 i 3 16 ANjores 11 2°8 1 374 i eal 14 1 OH) 1°6 a DP) al 14 2°8 ae Arp eae 15 1-2 2°4. 16 Bs 3 9°4 1-4 3 1:8 apy | BS 2 1 Sill 2°8 oat ne: 2 1 3 16 ioe 16 6 3-6 2°8 (95 Se ait 25 | 12 5) 25 1:2 6 3-4 16 abelian 1 2-8 | 1:2 5 26 1-2 8 2-4 1:8 ge 1a 8o 9h” © Gaara eae aoe 2 ] 4°4. 16 A 8 2°4. 1:4 2°6 1‘8 Abies 16 1 2'6 16 Lf 9 3°8 16 2°4 16 29 2 5 3 22 > 10 | 4:2 1) 250i ae eee » 30 2°4. 14 3°) 2:2 * ¥F.—Date of fertilization. + Maximum of three to seven readings daily (day and night). 3 Minimum 99 29 29 3° 29 +) Fourth Lot of Spawn.—The eggs were fertilized at St. Monance between 1 and 3 a.m. on February 29. They were obtained from live females and also from females which had died a short time previously. The milt was taken from live males. The plates were packed at 7.30 a.m., and unpacked at Aberdeen at 3 p.m. The water in the barrel was at that time at 2°8°, the hatchery water was 3°, while the cooled water was 1°7° C, This lot was divided ; the larger part (IV.) was put into uncooled water, while the remainder (IVc.) was transferred to cooled water. Some spawn (IVs.) was found free or stuck to the bottom of the barrel in which the herrings had been kept alive on the fishing-boat. This was put into the water of the hatchery at the ordinary temperature, but instead of being in the metal egg-boxes in which the rest of Lot IV. was kept, it was kept in a Dannevig hatching-box. On March 23 it was transferred to a shallow floating hatching-box. The eggs were single or stuck together in of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 109 small groups or in big lumps. The lumps were, in some cases, quite one inch in thickness and over one inch in length. There was a big proportion of the eggs arranged in little groups of two, three, or more. The eggs in the large lumps died early, but a large proportion of those in the little groups survived and hatched. On March 17 the eggs in the largest lump were practically all dead. On 23rd March the remaining lumps were nearly all dead. The mass of eggs is tough, and is not readily broken. The eggs in the largest lump had died early, the eggs being in the dise stage, One of the smaller Jumps had a few live eggs in the interior surrounded by dead eggs. The eggs on the glass plates died in large numbers in the metal egg-boxes, but a considerable proportion hatched out, February 29.—About twelve hours after fertilization some of the eggs of [VB. were examined. They were in good condition. The perivitelline space was large, and the blastodise was segmented into two or four (fig. 48). March 1.—The eggs of IVs. were in the condition shown in fig. 1. The dise was completely segmented. The eggs examined the previous day had been left overnight in a glass cell ; they were at a similar stage. March 3.—IV. and IVs.—The eggs on the glass plates and also IVs. at this date showed the disc in a saucer-shape of approximately the stages shown in figs, 2 and 3. March 4.—IV. and IVs.—The eggs were not much advanced on the condition found on the preceding day. They were, however, in good con- dition, and the stages shown in figs. 2, 3, and 4 were exhibited by some of them. There were quantities of long crystals outside and inside the egg- shell. The great majority of the eggs of IVs. were alive. March 7.—IV.—tThe blastopore was closed (fig. 5). The eye was visible, but the pupil was not made out. A Kupffer’s vesicle was noticed. Long crystals were present inside the zona, March 13.—IV.—The tail of the embryo almost reached the head. (Cf. fig, 9: March 17.—IVs.—One of the eggs had an embryo in which the tip of the tail reached to the neck, approximately the condition shown in fig, 11. In IV. there was considerable variation in the stage of development. In some the end of the tail was just short of the head (e.g., a little further on than fig. 9), while in others the tail reached past the head. (Cf fig. 11.) A great quantity of crystals was observed on the embryo and on the zona. March 18.—IV.—One egg was examined. At first no movement either of the embryo or of the heart could be detected. After a little the heart began to beat steadily, and the embryo twisted itself round in the egg. This was probably in consequence of the rise in temperature due to its transference to the Laboratory). The embryo lay a long time passive. Next morning the egg was alive; the heart was beating slowly but vigorously, March 23.—IV. and I[Vs.—Some fry was obtained to-day from each portion of the spawn—that is, after an incubation period of 23 days. On this date the eggs of [VB. were transferred from one box to another, and the larvee were hatching out during the operation. The movement probably aided the escape of the fry from the eggs. The temperature of the water was 6°. Some of the eggs were left for three-quarters of an hour in a glass cell. The temperature rose to 8°. Two larve hatched out. The egg- capsules from which the fry had escaped were ruptured irregularly ; in one case a piece of the zona had been taken out. The capsules were very dirty, and infusors were running about them. March 24.—IV. and 1Vs.—130 fresh larvee were counted on this date. March 25, 26, 27, 28.—IV..and IVs.-—Larve were obtained. Oa the last date some of the eggs of IVz. were still unhatched, Occasionally an H 110 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report egg is seen whirling round. This is due to the larva having managed to push its tail out. March 30, 31, April 1.—IV. and IVs.—Some more larve were got. April 3.—A few of the eggs of IV. were alive and unhatched, but the great mass of the unhatched eggs are dead and covered with fungus. April 5.—One live larva was obtained from IV. April 8.—No fry had been obtained from IV. since April 5. There was a considerable quantity of dead unhatched eggs, and the plates were covered with fungus. The plates were cleared away. The first fry had hatched after 23 days, the last after 35 days. The be hia of the water during this period is given in the following able :— The Temperatures of the Water in which the uncooled Lots IV. and IVs. were kept. Degrees centigrade. IV. and [Ys. IV. and IVs. Date. Date *#M Tm. M m | ce ee | ee 8 ee Fe. Feb. 29 em ye) 2°8 Mar. 19 5 3:8 Mar. 1 3°6 3 3 420 4:8 4] x 2 3°6 3-4 sano 5 4-2 3 3 4-2 3°6 Wieoe 5:4 4-2 _ 4 4°6 3°8 ory poe $f 6°4 i) eS 5 4-6 3°8 (Pee t6 5:4 a 6 4:6 4-4 5» 20 756 io is 7 4-4 4-2 eit 2G f5-4 4-4 $5 8 4:6 3°5 ree f5'8 52 es 9 5-2, 4-2 sity 28 f5'8 54 Pe | pr 5 oi 2 6°5 ay eee © | 5-2 4-9 = aio) ford 5 ar ae 5 4-6 eres | 756 4:6 gaits 5 4 April 1 756 4:4 oe a. aes 4-4 ae. 6-4 5:4 roby (5, 5 3°9 ee 6°4 5:6 poe ow. tc 5 4-6 a a 61 5°6 eg 5 4-3 nae f6 5:4 RAS 4-8 4:9 * Maximum of three to seven readings daily (day and night). + Minimum 3° 3 39 33 33 39 + F.—Date of fertilization. § Date upon which fry (‘‘f”) was obtained. The Cooled Eggs of the Fourth Lot of Spawn—IlVc, IVc!, IVc?. Of this lot of spawn three batches were cooled independently. One, IVe, was cooled from the time of its arrival at Aberdeen. The secoud, 1Vc!, was put into cooled water on March 7, after it had been a week’ in the ordinary hatchery water. On this date the eggs were at the stage when the blastopore is just closing (figs. 5 and 6). The third batch, [Vc?, was shifted into cooled water on March 18, when the tail of the embryo reached round to the neck. Cf. fig. 11, of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 111 March 3.—I Vc.—The eggs showed a germ in a disc stage of very small cells ; cf. fig. 20. A great quantity of crystals was present inside the zona. March 4th.—IVc.—The egg examined was in disc stage (fig. 20). Some of the eggs were dead. March 5th.—IVc.—The disc showed a tendency to become saucer-shaped (fig. 49). Here also there was a large number of crystals. March 7.—A plate of IV., which had up till now been in the ordinary hatchery water, was on this date transferred to cooled water. It was placed horizontally, with the eggs uppermost, in an egg-box. The plate rested on the top of the inclined guides, p. 102. The eggs were in the stage of development exhibited in figs. 5 and 6. This plate is now labelled [Vc?. It was transferred at 2.45 p.m. from water at 4°3° into water at 2°6° At 3.30 p.m. the temperature had fallen to 1-4° C. The plate was exposed momentarily to the air when being removed to its new situation. March 11.— 1Vc.—This batch consisted of three glass plates bearing eggs. They were arranged in an egg-box, standing obliquely, eggs downward, as shown in E, p. 102. The eggs of the first and third plates were nearly all dead. On tke middle plate they were nearly all alive. The dead eggs had died while in the disc stage. The live eggs were mostly in the stages shown in figs. 50, 51, and 6. One, however, had a germ similar to that of fig, 2. March 18.—I Vc!.—The eggs were apparently doing well; a few were dead. A deposit of fine mud was removed from the eggs by means of a pipette. April 4.—IVc!.—Half of the eggs on this plate seemed to be alive. They were very dirty. The eggs upon which the incoming water impinged directly were cleaner than those situated a little away from its immediate action. April 9.—IVc!.—A good number of the eggs were seen to be dead at this date. The live eggs were at the stage shown in fig. 52. The eye had black pigment in it. Two of the eggs which were examined seemed almost ready to hatch. The dead eggs were covered with the white colonies mentioned on p. April 14.—For most of the preceding period the water from IVc. has passed into the box containing 1Vct. By this date the order had been reversed, and a trap for any larve which might be hatched had been arranged. It consisted of an ordinary hatching-box placed so as to receive the outflow from IVc. April 15.—IVc., [Vc?.—Four live larve and a dead larva were obtained from these eggs. They are the first fry to be noticed, and they represent an incubation period of 46 days. They may have come from either IVc. or TVc!, or from both. ' April 16.—Two live larve were found. In [Vc! there were some eggs alive ; the majority were, however, dead. April 17.—One live larva appeared on this date. Some of the eggs of IVc?! were still alive. April 18.—Four live larvee were obtained. It seems that when the eggs arrive at a condition ready for hatching a rise in temperature at once liberates them. April 19.—No ‘fry was obtained on this date. Some of the eggs of [Vc' were still alive. The weather was colder, and the temperature of the hatchery water did not rise so much as usual during the night. April 20.—One live larva was in the trap in the forenoon, and by 2.20 p.m. another had hatched out. There was a small patch of live eggs on the plate of [Vc!. They were not immediately below the inlet, but a little in front, and in the direct line from the inlet to the outflow of the box. The last remaining plate of [Vc. was examined. It had not been possible to examine this plate properly since it was set in the egg-box in a slanting 112 Part IIT —Twenty-seventh Annual Report position. It was necessary in this case to lift the slide out of the water and transfer it to a tray containing water before it could be examined. This was avoided in case the exposure of the eggs to the air might injure them. No live eggs were at this date found on the plate. The eggs were all much swollen and dirty. They were covered with a layer of white patches (vide p. 107). In some places the growth had a pinkish colouration. The contents of nearly all the eggs had disappeared. -When the eggs were scraped off the plate, a few dead larvee were turned out. One appeared to have been ready to hatch, and others were in the stage where the tip of the tail reached to the back of the head (cf. fig. 11). Two eggs contained larvee which were so recently dead that they were still in greater part trans- parent. The eggs of [Vc} alone remained from this date. April 21.—No fry was obtained. Live eggs were, however, noticed. April 22.— One live larva was got on this date. April 23.—No fry appeared. There were still a few live eggs. April 24.—No live fry was found. One live egg was seen. The plate of ae was shifted from the cooled water to the uncooled hatchery water catohe | CBP April 25.—One larva was obtained. It was in good condition. Some eggs appeared to be still surviving. April 26, 27, 28, 29.—No fry was obtained. On the 29th a live ege was observed. April 30.—No fry was found. All the eggs on the plate were dead. — They were covered with a thick coat of debris. Many of the embryos had died about the stage of the closure of the blas‘opore. The fry then appeared at intervals of from 46 to 55 days after fertilization. IVc?.—March 18.—This plate of eggs had been kept at the ordinary temperature of the hatchery water in one of the metal egg-boxes. The great majority of the eggs were alive. The temperature of the water was 4-2°, The plate of eggs was cooled to 2° and then transferred to a hatching-box supplied with cooled water of 1:2° C. It was retained in the cooled water until the eggs hatched. One of the eggs was examined and found to be in the stage represented by fig. 53. The tip of the tail reached to the neck region. The yolk was being rapidly absorbed, and showed the little peaks on the periblast very distinctly. An egg was examined after the plate had been in the cooled water for an hour. The embryo was very quiet; the heart was giving an occasional contraction. It beat for about half a minute, making during that time about six contractions; it then rested for one minute 49 secs., when it started again. During the time it was in the watch-glass the temperature may have risen. March 24.—Two eggs of this lot on this date seemed to be ready to hatch. They were examined immediately on being removed to the Laboratory. The heart was beating steadily. The eggs lived in the glass cell till the 27th, when both appeared to be dead. Neither had hatched, although one of them when seen on the 28th had managed to get its head out. March 29.—Fourteen larvee were obtained from this batch of eggs. They were not very active, although they wriggled a little. March 30.—Forty more larve had appeared. April 1.—No fry was obtained on this date. The plate of eggs was shifted from water at 2° into a new situation where the water was at 2°8° C, Some of the eggs were dead, but the majority was alive and unhatched. From this date onwards the water supplied to these eggs was warmer than before. April 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.—Larve were obtained on each of these dates. On April 2, 55 were got ; on April 9, 70, and on the 10th, 20. On the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 9th the fry was noticeably rather livelier than on the other dates. of the Fishery Board jor Scotland. 113 April 11, 12, 13.—No live larvee were seen. The plate was examined on the last date. A great number of the eggs had been killed when on the point of hatching. The ayes were well pigmented and silvery. The fry then appeared at intervals of from 28-41 days after fertilization. The eggs of this lot which remained uncooled (viz., IV.), hatched out in 22 to 35 days. The Temperature of the Cooled Water in which Batches IVc, IVc!, and IVc? were kept. Degrees centigrade. Ve. IVe. TVe?. 1Vc?. Date. a ce | | ——___—_ — For the Tem- Feb. 29 |F.3 1 {F.3 2°S8 | Mar. 15 2 12) |) Tee *8 |peratureup to Mar. 1 12 9 36) | fa my ol6 2°6 16 |; 24 1-4 |Mar. 18, vide nee LG SGT A Wy oy Chay shee EG 1-4 [IV.,Tab. p. 110 es i ea) A) aot gg ha ag “hago lie | oO 1 42] 1 F icaes 16 6 46 38 eel 2 6 16 8 2 1 Ac) 28) 2:8 7 4°6 3°8 spe. 20 2 1 1°8 1 2 1, so 0 2°6 14 4°6 4-4 tS ato 15 1:2 14 8 18 14 Jar teed | 2°4 13 4:3 | ee 1°5 1:2 1-4 1:2 1°8 12 ear oor eet Olaf gE on) op.) 9 2 18 | 2-4 | 14 gH Wao | p58 4] ,, 2 | 24] 18] 2 15 | 26 | 1:4 ae LO 2°4 1:2 2:2 8 1) eo 15 1 14 8 2°4 1-2 eel 2-2 5) 2:2 3) ei 20 2 12 16 1:2 2-2 1:2 st 12 1°6 ail 14 5 A ML Oe Nerlcopali mss V6), 24 | sd ete Gn oo ea OR Lee iss || PSN ba Se be 6 » 14 2:2 18 ]| eee 8 ei 29 Rave Va | 2 FS fs 16 EVE; pve. IVc?. lve EVe?: Date. M. m. M. m. M. m. m M. m Mar. 30 3° 16 2°4 1:4 |*f2°8 16 2 2 3 2 ho ell! 26 1H FA I 245) 1) I 4) 14 )f26 | 1:5 Apr. 1 32 8 2°8 1 3°6 2 2 11 | f4°4 14 ee 21 D4 resi Ta oe 2al | 27 12 | f4 2 3s 8 Dison | am Lisle iD Ate ie NES ea 3 co} dt lip esl pale ilies 3 A 26h IED DD se EU Qe ie ah Os eA alle eel TI se) iD Welle 22h sit ace EAA? 4) 14/726 | 16 se ae) 2.6 eel (ocd id al fen he 26 PNAS 2 5 are e EG bg) SE 2 9 | f4 2 : .. [fad | 14 ues 25) OPS PoeG jl pore oes Peal ol re 9 26.) LBs 2G LS F4-6 fi 24 5°8 8 lO 2)8ulki bop 13 15 | f4 2°4 fd 3°8 ofa 34 |. EG fese robe |) 4 1'8 den ees a ae a 44 | 2 42 | 158 foe le? S40. MSE eae SG: ed 3 * <» © |4°5 |... |Mar. 9thwas| 4:5 |... |) Mar. 20 2G ie Se 26l eleom ee 12) » 6 | 44 ]2°5|/the same as| 4:4 | 2°6 3) Se 22 |2 |24/16] 1:8 1-4 ee e260 2-45 nim Vie ane yee 2-6) 12:4, 2:20 7 Sai es 32 >» 8 | 2:2) 1:6 |——~ 3 8 Pg a) a, WAG Is 1333 |) Brat 1°4 Be I Gl] ah Gs 2 BO || IB eo: 3°8 |2°813°2)26] 26 1°4 el Oa Ke eae 3 19 |2:4)1°6 RO ai PPA ase Tkoak |) Spout 2) Ag LES} qj} 33 Tek | Boy IL 38 DE 1 BO Ta |) Be? 12) gy LB | Bes ho 1 2 ‘8 weed AD DONA 5) Mae eae 1:5 55) Gj 2D 8) 2} 6 OS 26 |2 |26)1:4)] 1:8 16 era es eal 3°6 cGy |) 322) 33 29 4°6 |2°8/2°812°5 | *6°5 3 np ly) PRG |) a8 D) Danial, 59 a) Ag RASS DED a ney ee: 5 oy NG A eS eS WASP | AE ALG) Pho 34 12°403°4) 1 16 os6 4°4 ie 2:61 2 2:6 Z 2°2)}1:4] Apr. 1 3:9) 12:61 350) eG aire 4°4 Sane 45 lone Wee [ell ae melee: 2°8 | 2°7|2 6:4 5°4 yO 2s 16) 22 Te ae TI iS O34 (| Oaa S24 Sale 56 Ve Vel Ve Vel. DSA ae Date. Date. M m.| M m HY af vc a ke a) M. | m Apr. 4 Bieeb | Doss | Bite) | 6:1 | 56] Apr. 18) 26/2 |f1°6) 1:2} Apr. 14) 73°6 | 2°8 me CD) By Pe) PRS TEAS) Ie antes) EI | 8 5 TY SBN cag Ae 35 LOA Farm leat : Bene iG} ay | Sea Ish 7/cah | 20 2S aie 14] ,, 16) f2°7'2:2 eee Pe) || Bate Ile} | LOT PG} GPS) |b = ILS les} EPs eee yer ll |) coe cS 3). |) eb Be TGS) Sy es eRe yr} 1:24. 5; 18! jee ples a) 4 |2 3 18) 16:8) (6:2) 3.) 23 \f2°4 ABNF 2:2 | 12) On yeeion ears oo LO i426)! 3 Aer NG oy PBR) eee | UL 15 LON Zoe oy wlll | PAD SONA BGG) | og ZEN Aa “ST 55 ZL 2 Shee ae assole 45/2 |f6°8] ... 5 26) 3:2) 2°6 3-4 2 ene. 3333 || tod ey LSaiyiei 3 AGF TC OME Tos AU Ni Bie NT RSS fs 2s Ph eee} Ile op LA e73°6 2 Bo || TBC 55 285), fis ol) eee 4 :Gul 35) een es 8 50 ED BP ee SI tS ajoa 2515 | 8S a» 16 3°6 | 2:4) 74:2] 1:2)/7:2)| 6:2 > OarONlD » L7| fa2|22)f4 | 1:3) 7:9) 6:8 Pe CU WAT || Be * Vc®. was shifted on March 29 from the cooled water into the ordinary hatchery water. +f Denotes that fry was obtained on that date. + “* Vec.”—The temperatures of ‘‘ Vc.” were, up to April 14, intermediate between those of Vct. and Ve. The cooled water flowed from Vc?. into ‘‘ Vc.” and from the latter into Ve. ‘‘ Ve.” was shifted to another situation on April 14. This has not been included in summary table, p. Lot Vi.—The sixth lot of herring spawn was obtained by Mr. ‘Thomas Smith, of the steam drifter “ Integrity,” K.Y. 178, while off the coast of Yorkshire. The spawn was pressed out on September 8 into a barrel containing gravel. Another opportunity of obtaining spawn occurred on September 11, and some ova were .added to the same barrel. The herrings from which the spawn was procured were very small, about 83 inches (21°5 cm.) in length. The barrel was on board till September 12. The weather was stormy, and the spawn received an “awful tossing.” The water was changed in the barrel several times. The barrel was landed at Anstruther on September 12, and for- of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 119 warded by rail to Aberdeen. On arrival the barrel was, by inadvertence, sent to the cold store, the temperature of which was 20° F. (—6°6° C.). Twenty hours later it was recovered from the cold store. By this time a layer of ice 22 inches thick had formed on the top of the sea-water. The ice was removed, and the barrel was then conveyed to the Laboratory. After an interval of one to two hours the spawn was, at 3 p.m. on September 13, distributed in several hatching-boxes supplied with running sand-filtered water of a temperature of about 12° C. The first portion of the spawn had been in the barrel for five days, and a large quantity of it was alive. The embryo was at the stage shown in fic. 10 ; the tip of the tail almost reached the head. Some of the eggs of the later portion of spawn were alive and in the disc stage. On September 19 a quantity of herring fry was noticed. Some may have appeared before that date. There was a strong current of water flowing through the boxes. The temperature of the water in the pond at the Laboratory had been in the interval—September 12 to 19—at 11:6° to 13° C. That range may be taken for the water flowing in the hatchery. The fry were swimming actively right at the surface, so close to it that they continually broke the surface, causing a rather characteristic shimmer. Some embryos showing pigmented eyes but not yet ready to hatch probably belonged to the second batch of eggs. Many of the eggs were dead ; one mass consisted of dead eggs except at the edge, where one egg contained ~ a live embryo ready to hatch. This fact would probably indicate that the mass belonged to the first portion of spawn. Many of the eggs had died before the closure of the blastopore. Some, however, had died after the embryos had developed. There were large auantities of fry for a week after September 19. The majority of the eggs were, however, dead. Mayer's EXPERIMENTS. Meyer* made some important experiments on the influence of cold on the incubation-period of the ova of the spring-herring of the Baltic (River Schlei). “The eggs, fertilized in porcelain dishes on April 26, were kept at various temperatures ; the water was changed once a day. The ova kept at 10° to 12° C. hatched in 10 to 11 days. Those that were put on arrival at Kiel into water at from 1° to 2°C., and which were kept at that temperature, hatched out in 28 to 33 days. Some were still later in escaping. Some egos of the summer-herring had, however, been retarded to a similar extent by a temperature of 3°5° C.” “Tn the case of eges kept at 0° C., the first fry appeared on the 47th day. The fry did not seem to be quite healthy, although many of them swam actively about all day long. Some of them had curved backs. Meyer, however, was of the opinion that healthy fry might be hatched at a tem- perature of O° C. The limit to which cooling of the ova may be carried, without causing death, is given by Meyer, for the Baltic water, at between 1° and —0-8° C.; in either case near 0° C. In water of —0°8° C. the yolk becomes opaque and the egg-shell swells up and bursts. He found that the fry of the spring-herring, which measured on hatching 4°7 to 7°2 mm., were rather smaller than those of the summer-herring, which varied from 5:4 to 8:8 mm. In each case the eggs which had the longer incubation-period gave rise to the larger lava. The water of the Schlei when fertilization was made on April 26 had a salinity of 1 per cent. The water in Kiel harbour had about that time a salinity of 1:4 per cent.” * Meyer—“ Biologische Beobachtungen bei Kiinstlicher Aufzucht des Herings der westlichen Ostsee.” Mittheil. aus der Komm. zw wissenschaftl. Untersuchung der deutschen Meere. I. Berlin, 1878. Date Water. Bot of Cocks! se) KS Period of eet ‘| Fertili-| Uncooled. Range. Ineubation. of Thonn zation. Table, Aver- : page} M. m age 1908. I, Feb. 18} Partly cooled.| 106 | 8-3 |—1:8] 4 Feb. 18 to Mar. 25 | 29 to 35 days. IL. Ue oy) OD) 2? 106 8:3 salt 4:2 29 2? ”? 29 ue Tl. Lg 3 i 106 | 8:7 |— 4| 4:4 ie 3 a 28 to 34 days. NiGe », 18} Cooled. 108 | 5°6 |—1°6} 1:4 | None hatched. tg Ue! Seas 7 108 | 6 —16| 14 of if Kile. Prag i) + 108 | 4 —16} 2:1 am 5 Se IV. 5, 29}| Uncooled. 110 | 6:4 2°8| 4:8 | Feb. 29 to April 5 | 23 to 36 days. 1Vc. >> 9) | Cooled. 113 | 4:2 |— 4] 1°8 Hf se 20 | 46 to 51 days. PVCr ee poss FA 113 | 5:8. 1 21 a vA 25 | 46 to 56 days. IVc.2 | _,, ,,| Partly cooled.| 113 | 5:2 1 3°2 if ea 10. | 28 to 41 days. We Mar. 5] Uncooled. 115 | 8-2 4:2) 5° | Mar. 5 to April 12 | 20 to 34 days. Vo. m3) 55 | Cooled: 118 | 46 il 2°6 se : 27 ~| 37 to 52 days. Vics are 1 118 | 4:6 8 | 2:3 4 - 28 | 41 to 53 days. Wier spas ae 5 118 | 7-9 45) |) Be 56 if 17 | 35 to 42 days. Vi. Sept. 8| Partly cooled.} — | 13. |—66]| ... |Sep. 8toSep. 19et. sey.| 11 to * days. 120 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report SUMMARY. TABLE SHOWING THE P¥RIoDS OF INCUBATION FOR EACH LOT OF SPAWN. The average temperature over the period is obtained from the maximum and minimum observed temperatures of each day. Every temperature observation was, therefore, not made use of. The data given in the tables above are the material used. Degrees centigrade. Temperature of the *The upper limit of the incubation-period was not noted. The experiments show that the period of incubation of the eggs of the North Sea herring may be extended to 50 days, if the eygs are kept in water of a sufficiently low temperature. From the extensive range of temperature to which the various batches of eggs were subjected, it is seen that the ova are able to withstand changes in temperature very well. . : x Ue ee oes o Pe 22nd e : F ‘ ; Peeeeo = Ir ; x 19 Bo AS fs I., IL., and TI. of Herring Spawn, 23rd Feb. 1908 E x 19 Aare es 5 L. of Herring Spawn, 25th Feb. 1908. 3° 6. 39 II. be] be) a9 oped os ihe ae 2nd March 1908. Le) 8 ” II. ” oe) be) be) be) 3) ” Il. > 9” be) 29 29 10. 23 I. a) 4th 33 39 ”° Ue 29 I. be) llth 39 +e) 3° 12. 2” ie ”» 16th 99 29 », 13. Hyphe of Fungus on Herring Spawn, 27th March 1908. », 14. Fungus on Herring Spawn, », 15. Head of Embryo of Lot I. of Herring Spawn, 25th Feb. 1908 Sk: n is »» Seen in Optical Section. ,, 17. Empty Egg-capsule, ,, », 27th March 1908. », 18. Egg of Lot Ic. of Herring Spawn, 21st Feb.,—d. blastodisc . ; x 19 ,, 19, 20. Eggs of Lot IIc. of Herring Spawn, 24th Feb. 1908 . A x 19 5, 21. Cooled Eggs of Herring Spawn, 24th Feb. 1908, showing depres. sion (de) between the blastodisc and the yolk. », 22. Egg of Lot Ic. of Herring Spawn, 26th Feb. 1908 . ; ; : x 19 ewes a IIc. ; x 19 », 24. Eggs of Lots Ifc. and IIc. of Herring Spawn, 26th Feb. 1908. », 25, 26. Eggs of Lot IIIc. of Herring Spawn, 26th Feb. 1908—-bp, blastopore, cr. crystal, Part I[[.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report hd. head. 28. Ege of Lot IIIc. e 29. “f Tic: i 30 i) Ic ” 31 a Selle 5 32) os 55 Ic - 34 oy) Ic 29 35 refer wl BEG) ot 36 A Ic AS 37. ae JOU Key 5 38. 3 itee white granular masses on its exterior. . 27. Egg of Lot Ic. of Herring Spawn, 2nd March 1908—bp. blastopore, 3rd Mar ch 1908. 5th a ; ; F x 19 ie ts ’ x 19 9th os 1]th ee te) 99 13th a5 19th 5 24th < Deadegg. Ithas : 39-46. Enlarged views of the Organisms comprising the white patches shown in Fig. 38. ih Egg of Lot ig of Herring Spawn, 10th April 1908. 2% 39 is 3 Vo Le 50. 33 23 23 dl. 39 33 39 Sy. a5 ” 53. ps Ive 54. Mouth of Larva of Herring just hatched. 55. Larva of Herring just hatched, 19th March 1908 . F ~ OXeaen 56. Head of Larva just released from the Egg,p. . 57. Portion of one of the white granular masses shown in Fig. 38. Magnified. Letters Usep 1n Puate I. b.—blastodisc. bp.—blastopore. er.—crystal. de. —depression between the blasto- disc and the yolk. 29th Feb. _,, 5th March ,, 1lth 5 os », bp. blastopore. 9th April 1908. 18th March 1908. hd.—head. ht.—heart. i.—inner investment. o.—outer a pt.—-protoplasm point on periblast. w2 2 (oles S: H ERRING (Clupea harengus ) of the Fishery Board for Scotland. ss V.—A REVIEW OF THE FISHERY STATISTICS FOR SCOTLAND. By Dr. T. Wemyss Fuuron, F.R.S.E., Scientific Superintendent. Since the establishment of the Fishery Board in 1882, the annual Reports have contained a large and important series of statistical tables referring to the sea fisheries of Scotland. In the present paper those which refer to certain subjects, namely, the quantity and value of the fish and shell-fish landed in each year, have been collated and discussed, and certain conclusions have been drawn from them as to the increase or decrease of a particular kind of fish, in quantity or value, or in relation to the methods of capture. The statistics are published in the Reports of the Board in relation to the fishery districts—that is to say, the divisions of the coast into areas according to the requirements of the fisheries in the localities; and in dealing with them they have been arranged in the three great divisions —the East Coast, comprising fifteen fishery districts, from Eyemouth to Wick, and embracing the north as well as the east coast of Scotland ; the West Coast, comprising ten fishery districts, including the western islands; and the Orkney and Shetland Isles, which are grouped separately. Some of the statistics go back to the year 1883, and those referring to the shell-fish have been extracted and tabulated from that year. From the year 1889 statistics were published giving the quantity and value of the most of the fishes landed on each coast separately, and the aggregate quantity and value, and it is from this year that the tables appended, which deal with the fish as distinguished from the shell-fish, begin. A few years later, in 1892, a further improvement was made, inasmuch as the quantity and value of the fish taken in the three great kinds of fishing— line-fishing, trawling, and net-fishing—were separately recorded. From that year, therefore, it has been possible to make a comparison as to the development or retrogression of these various methods of fishing in relation to Scotland as a whole and in relation to the different coasts. The main lessons to be drawn from a study of the statistics are that, on the whole, very satisfactory progress has been made in exploiting the sea fisheries; that within the period a marked change has taken place as to the relative positions of line-fishing and trawling with regard to the supply of bottom or demersal fishes ; and that the great fishery for herrings has, in late years especially, been very considerably developed. A gross increase of 26 per cent. in the quantity of fishes landed in the second half of the period covered by the statistics, compared with the first half, is very satisfactory, and the value has increased in still greater ratio. The pro- gress or development has, however, been much more marked on the East Coast and the Orkney and Shetland group than on the West Coast, where, indeed, although the value of the fish landed slightly increased, the quantity diminished. It has to be borne in mind that in the period covered by the statistics great changes have taken place with respect to the fishing grounds visited. - The quantities landed in different years by no means represent the yield of the same grounds, since fishing vessels now visit distant quarters to obtain their supplies of fish. Nor do the quantities in any particular year repre- sent the same amount of fishing power expended. On both these points special information in connection with the statistics is required, and is now being obtained. 130 Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report THE QUANTITIES OF FisH LANDED. Considering first the grand totals of the fish landed, of all kinds and by all methods of fishing, the tables show that the aggregate quantity in the twenty-one years, 1888-1908, amounted to 134,561,059 ewts., or an average of 6,407,669 cwts. per annum over the whole period. The greater part of this belongs, however, to the later years. Thus, if two periods of ten years each are taken, the first including the years 1888-1897 and the second the years 1899-1908, it will be found that the aggregate quantity of fish landed in the former amounted to 56,609,420 cwts., or an average of 5,660,942 ewts. per annum, while in the latter -period the quantity was 71,393,871 cwts., the average per annum being 7,139,387 ewts., indicating an increase of about 26 per cent. When the quantities for each successive year are studied, as by means of graphic diagrams, the rise in the aggregate is very obvious from the year 1899 onwards. In only one of the fourteen years before 1902 was the general average for the twenty- one years exceeded (in 1898); in all the later years that average was exceeded. If the extreme years of the series, 1888 and 1908, are con- trasted, the increase brought out amounts to about 87 per cent. Up to the year 1892 particulars are not furnished as to the method of fishing by which the fish were taken. But from that year on the fish landed are summarised under the headings of line-caught fish, trawl-caught fish, and net-caught fish. The two first-named groups comprise fish which live upon or near the bottom of the sea, and are commonly designated demersal fish; they include round fishes, as cod, haddocks, ling, ete., all kinds of flat-fishes, and skates and rays. The net-caught fish comprise those taken mostly by drift-nets, and include the herring—which is by far the most important in these statistics—the mackerel, and the sprat, and this group is usually called pelagic fishes. In the tables, sparlings (Osmerus eperlanus) are included with the pelagic fishes, but the quantities are so insignificant that they may be neglected in considering the totals of the net-caught fish. The quantity of demersal fish taken, whether by line or trawl, in the seventeen years, 1892-1908, amounted to 36,442,218 cwts., or an average of 2,143,660 ewts. per annum, and the total quantity formed a little over 32 per cent. of the whole of the fishes landed. In the first eight years of the period, 1892-1899, the aggregate quantity of demersal fishes landed by liners and trawlers was 15,252,579 cwts., the average per annum being 1,906,572 cwts.; in the last eight years, 1901-1908, the quantity was 19,355,141 cwts., the average per annum being 2,419,393 cwts., or an increase amounting to about 27 per cent. Contrasting the extreme years of the series, 1892 and 1908, the increase amounted to about 64 per cent. Study of the figures for successive years shows that the quantity of demersal fishes landed gradually rose from 1892 to 1896, when it was 2,143,947 cwts.; it then slowly fell, with but slight fluctuation, to 1900, when it was 1,834,498 ewts.; since then it has gradually and steadily risen to 1908, when it amounted to 2,900,811 cwts. In the first period, 1892-1899, the percentage of bottom fishes to the total fishes landed amcunted to about 33 per cent. ; in the second period, 1901-1908, it was about 32 per cent. Thus, while the quantity of those fishes taken by the line and the trawl has increased absolutely and considerably, it has barely maintained its position in relation to the other class, the pelagic fishes, which means substantially the herring. The tables show that, of the two methods of fishing by which the demersal fishes are taken, the greater quantity was caught by the line up to the year 1899, when the line and the trawl contributed about half of the total. After that, however, the quantity taken by the trawl steadily and continuously rose, while the quantity taken by line diminished, but of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 131 with some fluctuation. Since 1904 the quantity taken by line has remained fairly steady, and the quantity in 1908 was the largest since the year 1899; this has come about by the development of steam-lining. At the beginning of the period, in 1892, the line contributed about 78 per cent. of the demersal fishes landed and the trawl about 2% per cent. ; at the end of the period, 1908, the positions were reversed, the trawl con- tributing about 73 per cent. of the total and the line about 27 per cent. In the first eight years, 1892-1899, the quantity of demersal fishes taken by line was 10,551,384 ewts., the average per annum for the period being 1,318,923 ewts., while the total taken by trawl was 4,701,195 ewts., and the average per annum was 575,149 cwts. In the years 1901-1908, on the other hand, the total quantity taken by line amounted to 5,488,644 ewts., the average per annum being 686,080 ewts., whereas the quantity caught by trawl was 13,866,497 cwts., and the average per annum 1,733,312 ewts. Thus the contrast of these two periods shows that while the quantity of fish taken by line decreased by 48 per cent., the quantity taken by trawl increased by about 195 per cent. Comparing the first and the last single years of the period, 1892 and 1908, the fish taken by line had diminished by 598,895 ewts., or about 43 per cent., while the fish taken by trawl had increased by 1,731,754 ewts., or about 456 per cent. The pelagic fish, as described above, show even a greater ratio of increase as landed than the bottom fishes do. In the seventeen years, 1892-1908, the aggregate quantity was 76,597,806 cwts., or an average of 4,505,753 cwts. per annum, and they formed nearly 68 per cent. of the whole of the fishes landed. Comparing again the first period of eight years, 1892-1899, with the second period, 1901-1908, the tables show that in the former the quantity landed amounted to 31,538,650 cwts., with an annual average of 3,942,331 ewts., while in the latter the quantity was 41,524,389 cwts., the annual average being 5,190,549 cwts., showing an increase of about 31 per cent. In the first eight years they formed about 67 per cent. of the total quantity of fishes landed, and in the last period of eight years about 68 percent. The toll taken from the surface-swimming fishes, while always greater absolutely, has also been relatively larger in recent years than the toll taken from the bottom-living fishes. A study of the figures for successive years shows that the fluctuations in the case of the pelagic fishes, as was to be expected from their habits and conditions of life, are greater absolutely and relatively than in the case of the demersal fishes. Owing also to their predominance in composing the total of the fishes landed, the fluctuations in the latter are chiefly determined by the fluctuations of the pelagic fishes. What was said above as to the aggregate of fishes applies also to the net-caught fish. It is necessary to consider also the figures referring to the fishes landed on the various coasts. The fishery districts are grouped into three divisions—(1) those on the East Coast, (2) those comprising Orkney and Shetland, and (3) those included in the West Coast. East Coust. During the twenty years from 1889 to 1908 the gross quantity of fish of all kinds landed on the East Coast of Scotland amounted to 85,494,243 ewts., or an average per annum for the whole period of 4,274,712 cwts. For the first ten years, 1889-1898, the aggregate was 40,460,768 cwts., or an average of 4,046,077 cwts. per annum; for the second ten years the aggregate was 45,033,475 cwts., or an average of 4,503,347 cwts. The increase in the last period was thus 11 per cent. Comparing the figures for the first year, 1889, and the last year, 1908, the increase amounted to 30 percent. The lowest years were 1897, 1899, and 1890, with totals but 132 Part 117.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report little over 3,000,000 cwts.; the highest years were 1907 and 1908. The curve formed by the figures for the successive years shows fluctuations up and down during the first period, and a fairly steady and considerable rise from 1900 onwards, ‘This rise was due in the greater part to the increase in the pelagic fish (herring), but also not a little to the increase in the trawled fish. The aggregate quantity of line-caught fish landed in the seventeen years, 1892-1908, amounted to 11,080,088 cwts., an average per annum of 651,770 cwts. In the first eight years of that period, 1892-1899, the quantity was 7,032,609 cwts., the average per annum being 879,076 cwts. ; in the last eight years the aggregate was 3,599,003 cwts., the average per annum being 449,875 cwts. The decrease thus amounted to nearly 49 per cent. when the two periods are contrasted. The decrease when the figures for 1892 are compared with those for 1908 amounted to barely 44 per cent. A study of the figures for the various years shows that from 1893 to 1896 there was a steady and fairly uniform rise in the quantity of line- caught fish landed, the quantity in the latter year being 1,097,736 ewts. ; but from 1896 to 1902 there was a rapid decline, the quantity dropping to 405,030 cwts., while since then there has been a tendency for a moderate rise in the quantity, with, however, a good deal of fluctuation. The most noteworthy feature in the statistics of the East Coast fisheries during the period under review was the development of steam trawling. The increase in the quantity of trawl-caught fish has thus been very great. In the seventeen years the total quantity of trawled fish landed on the East Coast was 19,294,391 ewts., the average per annum being 1,134,964 ewts. But in the first eight years of the period the quantity amounted to only 4,639,260 ewts., giving an annual average of 579,907 cwts., whereas in the last eight years the quantity was 13,595,970 ewts., and the annual average 1,699,496 cwts. The increase, comparing period with period, was thus about 193 per cent. Comparing the figures for 1892 and 1908, the increase amounted to 447 per cent., the respective quantities being 375,043 cwts. and 2,051,586 cwts. The increase in the trawl-caught fish has been practically uniform and regular throughout the period. Starting in 1892 considerably below the level of the line-caught fish, it began to exceed it first in 1898. In 1892 the trawled fish represented 29 per cent. of the total demersal fish landed on the East Coast, whereas in 1908 they represented 80 per cent. During the seventeen years the aggregate of the demersal fish landed by, line and by trawl amounted to 30,374,479 cwts., an average per annum of 1,786,734 cwts. In the first eight years, 1892-1899, the quantity was 11,671,869 cwts., and the annual average 1,458,984 cwts.; in the last eight years, 1901-1908, the quantity was 17,194,973 cwts., and the average per annum 2,149,372 cwts. The increase, comparing one period with another, was thus about 47 per cent. In the year 1892 the aggregate amounted to 1,288,248 cwts., while in 1908 the aggregate was 2,563,764 ewts., an increase of 99 per cent. If the quantities of demersal fish are ~ contrasted with the quantities of pelagic fish, the following results appear. In the whole period the pelagic fish amounted to 59 per cent. and the demersal fish to 41 per cent. of the whole. In the first period, 1892-1899, the pelagic was 63°6 per cent., while the demersal was 36:4 per cent. of the whole for that period. In the last eight years the pelagic was 55°8 per cent. and the demersal 44:2 per cent. of the total. We thus see that on the East Coast the demersal fish have increased in greater ratio than the pelagic. The total quantity of the pelagic fish taken in the seventeen years amounted to 43,634,580 ewts., or an annual average quantity of 2,566,740 ewts. In the first eight years the quantity was 20,401,620 ewts., the annual average being 2,550,202 ewts. ; in the last eight years the quantity aggregated 21,694,946 ewts., the average per annum being 2,711,868 ewts. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 138 The increase was thus small, amounting to about 6 per cent. when the two periods are compared, Orkney and Shetland. The aggregate quantity of fish landed in these islands in the twenty years, 1889-1908, amounted to 24,634,278 ewts., or an annual average of 1,231,714 ewts. The quantity landed in the ten years, 1889-1898, was 7,259,991 ewts., the average per annum being 725,999; in the last ten years, 1899-1908, the quantity was 17,374,287 cwts., the annual average being 1,737,429 ecwts. There was thus an increase of 139 per cent. in the latter period. In the period 1892-1908, in which the methods of fishing are distin- guished, the aggregate was 22,909,325 cwts., and the annual average 1,347,607 ewts. e The total of the demersal fish landed in that period amounted to 2,778,496 cwts., the annual average being 163,441 ewts. Of this quantity 2,578,985 cwts. were taken by line, and 199,511 cwts. by trawl. In the eight years 1892-1899 the quantity taken by line was 1,670,476 cwts., the annual average being 208,809 cwts.; in the last eight years the quantity was 776,217 cwts., or an average of 97,027 cwts. per annum. There thus occurred a decrease of 53 per cent. in the line fish between the two periods. The landings of trawled fish appear to have been irregular in the earlier years, the first notification of them being in 1894. The total to 1908 amounted to 199,511 cwts. In the first eight years the quantity was 21,435 ewts., the yearly average being 2,679 cwts.; in the last eight years of the period the quantity was 164,073 cwts., the average per annum being 20,509 ewts. There was therefore an increase of trawled fish to the extent of 665 per cent. The proportion to the other classes of fish is, however, inconsiderable. The quantity of pelagic fish landed in the seventeen years arnounted to 20,130,839 ewts., the average per annum being 1,184,167 cwts. In the eight years, 1892-1899, the quantity was 4,920,678 cwts., the average per annum being 615,085 cwts. ; in the years 1901-1908 the ageregate was 14,054,054 ewts. and the average 1,756,757 cwts., an increase of 9,133,376 cwts., or 186 per cent. This is the outstanding feature of the fishery statistics for the region, and it contrasts with the comparatively small increase on the East Coast of Scotland. In the first period, 1892-1899, the proportion of demersal to pelagic fish was 25°6 per cent., but in the second period it sank to 6:3 per cent., the pelagic representing 93°7 per cent. of the fish landed. West Coust. In the twenty years the aggregate quantity of fish landed on the West Coast amounted to 19,799,428 ewts., the average per annum for the period being 989,971 cwts. In the first ten years the total was 10,813,319 ewts., the average per annum being 1,081,332 cwts. In the last ten years of the period the total quantity was 8,986,109 cwts., the annual average being 898,611 cwts. There was thus in the second period, contrasting with the condition on the East Coast, a considerable decline, amounting to 1,827,210 ewts., or nearly 17 per cent. The quantity of bottom or demersal fish landed in the seventeen years 1892-1908, both by line and trawl, amounted to 3,292,664 cwts., giving an annual average of 193,686 cwts. In the eight years 1892-1899 the total of these fishes was 1,892,210 ewts., the average being 236,526 cwts. per annum ; in the eight years 1901-1908 the total was 1,219,888 ewts., and the average 152,486 cwts. There was thus a decrease in the latter period of 672,322 ewts., or above 35 per cent., in the demersal fishes landed. 134. Part IT1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report The decrease was in the fish taken by line. ‘Lhe quantity of the line- caught fish in the first period was 1,851,713 ecwts., the average being 231,464 cwts., whereas in the eight years 1901-1908 the quantity was 1,113,434 ewts., the average per annum being 139,179 ewts. There was thus a decrease of about 40 per cent. in the quantity taken by line, which is rather under the percentage decrease in the line-caught fish on the Hast Coast in the same period. On the other hand, the trawl-caught fish, though not of the same importance as on the East Coast, also increased in quantity in the second portion on the West Coast. In the first period, 1892-1899, the total amounted to only 40,497 cwts., the annual average being 5,062 cwts. In the years 1901-1908 the quantity was 106,454 ewts., and the average 13,307 cwts. There was thus an increase of 65,957 ewts., or about 163 per cent. But the proportion of the trawl-caught fish landed on the West Coast is still much under that of the line fishing, thus con- trasting with the condition on the East Coast, as shown above. The class of pelagic fish, which means essentially herring, is the great one on the West Coast, although here also one finds a decrease rather than an increase over the period covered by these statistics. Inthe seventeen years the aggregate quantity landed amounted to 12,828,971 cwts., the average being 754,645 cwts. In the first period, 1892-1899, the quantity was 6,212,936 cwts., and the average per annum 776,617 cwts.; in the period 1901-1908 the total was 5,775,389 cwts., and the average 721,924 cwts. There was thus a decrease of about 7 per cent. The decrease in this class is, however, relatively less than that among the demersal fish, for in the first period the proportion was 23-3 per cent. demersal fish and 76°7 pelagic, whereas in the second period the proportion was 17:4 demersal and 82°6 pelagic. The above description is limited to the great classes of fishing and the totals of all kinds of fish landed. It is necessary now to refer to the different fishes themselves and to see how they have varied during the period covered by the statistics. East Coast. Pelagic Hish.—By far the greater part of tle group included under this term consists of herring; in 1908, for example, they represented 99-1 per cent, of the total, and in the ten years 1899-1908 they represented 99 per cent., while sprats represented 0-9 per cent. and mackerel only 0:1 per cent. The aggregate quantity of herrings landed on the East Coast in the twenty years, 1889-1908, amounted to 50,629,474 cwts., giving an average per annum for the period of 2,531,474 ewts. From a comparison of the two ten-year periods it appears that rather less herrings have been taken in the second period than in the first. In the years 1889-1898 the aggregate quantity was 26,134,400 ecwts., the average per annum being 2,613,440 ewts.; in the period 1899-1908 the aggregate quantity was 24,495,074 ewts., and the annual average 2,449,507 ewts. The decrease thus amounted to 6 per cent., comparing one period with another. It was in the main due to poor years in 1899, 1900, and 1901, when the quantities were below 2,000,000 ewts. This is indicated in the grouping of the figures in quin- quennial periods, as follows :— Years. OCwts. Years. Cwts. 1889-1893.... 2,641,906 1899-1903.... 2,019,785 1894-1898.... 2,584,974 1904-1908.... 2,879,230 The highest year in the period was 1907, with 3,773,624 cwts.; the next best was 1893, with 3,158,346 cwts.; the lowest was 1897, when the total amounted to 1,503,693 cwts. The first year, 1899, and the last, 1908, were . po a of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 135 much the same, the former having 2,850,925 ewts. and the latter 2,881,419 ewts. The sprat fishing is but of little importance except in one or two places. The aggregate quantity of sprats landed in the twenty years was 402,066 ewts., the annual average being 20,103 ewts. In the ten years 1889-1898 the quantity was 180,223 ewts., the average per annum being 18,022 cwts. ; in the ten years 1899-1908 the total quantity was 221,843 ewts., the annual average being 22,184 ewts. There was thus an increase in the second period of 23 per cent. The fluctuations in the case of this fish were excessive, the quantities ranging from 4214 ewts. in 1889 and 5379 in 1891, to 60,438 ewts. in 1903 and 58,315 ewts. in 18953. It is stated above that among the pelagic fishes landed on the Kast Coast of Scotland mackerel constitute only a small fraction per cent., a proportion much below what the relative numbers of the fish in the sea would justify, and below the proportion of other countries bordering the North Sea. The aggregate quantity landed in the twenty years was only 34,544 cwts., giving an average of 1727 cwts. per annum. In the first ten years the total was only 4156 cwts., the annual average being trifling, viz., 416 cwts. In the second period, 1899--1908, the total amounted to 30,388 cwts., with an average per annum of 3039 cwts. There was thus a considerable increase, namely, 631 per cent. It is, indeed, only in recent years that the fishery has been developed, as is apparent from the fluctuations in the quantities in different years. In 1889 only 33 cwts. were landed, whereas in 1905 the quantity was 6004 cwts. It has fallen a little since then, the amount in 1908 being 4539 ewts. In quinquennial periods the following shows the average per annum :— Years. , Cwts. Years. Cwts. TES oS OS. aes ee 130 1899-1903...... 1538 18941898...) 0. ae. 701 190421908 a ah 4540 The great bulk of the mackerel were taken by net, and chiefly the drift net, but of late years a fair quantity have been captured by trawlers, viz., 1033 ewts. in 1906, 669 in 1907, and 387 in 1908. Round Fish—From the year 1892 onwards a section of the statistics deals with “round fish,” but owing to changes at various times in the classifi- cation the figures are not comparable throughout. Thus in 1892 and up to 1904 this class was confined to cod, ling, tusk, saithe, haddock, whiting, and conger eel; in 1904 and since, gurnard, catfish, angler, and hake were included, these species having previously been placed among the “ unclassi- fied” fish. In the table on p. 169 the totals are given, and also the quantities which were caught by the three methods of fishing—line, trawl, and net. From 1889 to 1903 inclusive, the totals may be taken as repre- senting the round fishes landed, and in these fifteen years the aggregate amounted to 19,378,464 cwts., the average per annum being 1,291,898 ewts. In the seven years 1899-1895 the quantity was 8,075,311 cwts., the average per unnum being 1,153,616 cwts. ; in the seven years 1897-1903 the quantity was 9,855,097 ewts., the annual average being 1,407,871 cwts. The increase in the period thus amounted to about 22 per cent. The increase was entirely due to the trawled fish. In the years 1892-1897 the line-caught fish amounted to 5,186,069 cwts., and the annual average to 864,345 cwts.; in the next six years the total was 2,511,117 cwts. and the annual average 418,519 cwts., showing a decrease of 52 per cent. In the first period the quantity of trawl-caught fish was 2,281,429 cwts., the average per annum being 380,238 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 5,981,168 cwts. and the annual average 996,861 cwts., showing an increase of about 162 per cent. The total quantity of cod landed in the twenty years 1889-1908 amounted 136 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report to 8,384,556 cwts., or an average per annum of 419,233 ewts. In the first ten years the quantity was 3,381,396 cwts., the annual average being 338,140 cwts. ; in the second ten years the quantity totalled 5,003,260 cwts., the average per annum being 500,326 ewts. The increase, comparing one period with the other, thus amounted to about 48 per cent. Except during the three years 1906-1908, all the cod are returned as having been taken either by line or by trawl; in the three years referred to small quantities are included under “nets,” that is, gill-nets. In the years 1892-1899 the quantity taken by line was 2,057,712 cwts., the annual average being 257,214 cwts.; in the period 1901-1908 the quantity aggregated 1,211,557 ewts., with an average per annum of 151,445 ewts. There was thus an aggregate decrease in the latter period of 846,155 cwts. of the cod taken by line, or about 41 per cent. The quantity of cod taken by trawl in the period 1892-1899 was 830,514 ewts., the average per annum being 103,814 ewts. ; in the period 1901-1908 the quantity was 3,021,285 ewts., with an annual average of 377,661 ewts. There was thus an increase of the trawled cod amounting for the period to 2,190,771 ewts., or about 264 per cent. The increase in the quantity caught by trawl has thus been considerably greater than the decrease in the quantity taken by line. The aggregate quantity of ling taken in the twenty years amounted to 1,517,779 cwts., an annual average of 75,889 cwts. In the first ten years, 1889-1898, the aggregate quantity was 461,294 ewts., the annual average being 46,129 cwts. ; in the ten years 1899-1908 the quantity was 1,056,485 cwts., the average per annum being 105,648 cwts. There was thus an increase, comparing one period with another, of 595,191 ewts., or about 129 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the eight years 1892-1899 amounted to 353,175 ewts., the average per annum being 44,147 ecwts.; in the eight years 1901-1908 the quantity was 437,777 cwts. and the average 54,722 ewts. There was thus in the case of ling an actual increase in the quantity taken by line to the amount of about 24 per cent. In 1908 the quantity was, indeed, more than double what it was in 1892, and it was greater than the quantity taken by trawl in the same year. The quantity of trawl-caught ling in the period 1892-1899 amounted to 64,470 ewts., the average per annum being 8059 cwts.; in the eight years 1901-1908 the quantity was 461,730 ewts., and the average 57,716 ewts. The increase thus amounted to about 616 per cent. Further, in the period 1901-1908 the proportion of line-caught ling to the total was almost 49 per cent., whereas with the cod it was only 28 per cent.—about 51 per cent. in the one case and about 72 per cent. in the other being taken by trawl. Another fish of the deep water is the torsk or tusk, and the quantity landed in the twenty years aggregated 95,211 cwts., the annual average being 4761 cwts. In the first ten years the total was 19,811 ewts. and the average 1981 cwts.; in the second ten years the quantity was 75,400 ewts. and the average per annum 7540 ewts., an increase of almost 281 per cent. All the fish are entered as taken by line until 1903; from 1903 till 1908 the total taken by trawl amounted to 10,217 cwts., with an average per annum of 1703 ecwts.; in the same years the quantity taken by line amounted to 43,199 cwts., with an average of 7200 ewts. The proportion of tusk taken by line in these six years was thus about 81 per cent., 19 per cent. being taken by trawl. The aggregate quantity of the saithe or coalfish landed in the twenty year's amounted to 1,013,576 ewts., the annual average for the period being 50,679 cwts. In the ten years 1889-1898 the quantity totalled 356,090 ewts., the average being 35,609 cwts.; in the ten years 1899-1908 the quantity was 657,486 ewts. and the annual average 65,749 cwts. The aggregate increase in the latter period was thus 301,396 cwts., or about 85 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the years 1892-1899 amounted to 256,639 cwts., with an average of 32,080 cwts. ; in the years 1901-1908 the of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 137 quantity was only 93,201 cwts. and the average per annum 11,650 ewts., a decrease of about 64 per cent. The trawl-caught saithe totalled 30,397 ewts. in the period 1892-1899, with an annual average of 3800 ewts.; whereas in the years 1901-1908 the aggregate was 484,897 cwts. and the average per annum 60,612 cwts., or an increase of nearly 1500 per cent. In the twenty years the aggregate quantity of haddocks landed on the East Coast amounted to 16,685,128 cwts., the average per annum being 834,256 cwts. In-the ten years, 1889-1898, the quantity was 7,479,307 ewts., the average per annum being 747,931 cwts.; in the next ten years the quantity was 9,205,821 cewts., the average being 920,582 cwts., and the “Increase in the period 1,726,514 ewts., or 23 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the eight years, 1892-1899, was 3,401,195 cwts., the average being 425,149 ewts. ; in the years 1901-1908 the quantity was 991,442 ewts., and the average per annum 123,930 ewts., showing a decrease of 71 per cent. The trawl-caught haddocks in the first period totalled 2,738,326 cwts., the average being 342,291 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 6,750,723 cwts., and the average 843,840 cwts., showing an increase of 147 per cent. In the first period the proportion of line-caught haddocks was about 55 per cent. and trawl-caught 45 per cent. of the total. In the second period the proportion of the former was under 14 per cent. and of the latter over 76 per cent., which shows how much the trawled haddocks have replaced those taken by line. The total quantity of whiting taken in the twenty years amounted to 1,652,759 cwts., the average per annum being 82,638 cwts. In the first ten years of that period the aggregate was 426,462 cwts., the average being 42,646 cwts.; in the last ten years the total amounted to 1,226,297 ewts., and the annual average was 122,630 ewts., showing an increase of about 188 per cent. In the years 1892-1899 the quantity taken by line was 195,142 ewts., with an average of 24,393 ewts.; in the years 1901— 1908 the quantity was 142,069 cwts., the average being 17,759 cwts., showing a decrease of about 27 per cent. The trawled whitings in the first period totalled 84,824 cwts., the average per annum being 10,603 cwts.; in the second period the total was 970,922 ewts. and the average 121,365 ewts., showing an increase of 1045 per cent. In the first period the line-caught whiting formed about 70 per cent. of the total, and in the second period about 13 per cent. only. The only other fish classified among the round fishes throughout the tables is the conger eel, of which in the twenty years 60,886 cwts. were landed, the average per annum being 3044 ewts. In the first ten years the quantity was 29,756 cwts., and the average 2976 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 31,130 ewts., the average being 3113 ecwts.,, showing an increase of about 5 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the years 1892-1899 was 24,722 ewts., and the average 3090 ewts.; in the second period the quantity was 20,589 ewts. and the average 2574 ewts., a decrease of about 17 per cent. In the first period the quantity of trawled conger was 667 ewts., with an average of 83 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 2835 cwts., the average being 354 ewts., an increase of 325 per cent. The proportion of conger taken by line in the years 1901- 1908 was about 88 per cent., 12 per cent. being caught by trawl. Among other round fishes included in the tables are gurnard, catfish, angler or monk, and hake, but the statistics referring to them go back only to 1904 (see p. 157). So far as the five years show, gurnards have rather diminished in quantity, hake have considerably diminished, while catfish have remained steady, and anglers much increased. Among the important group of the flat-fishes, it is not possible to give details as to the total flat-fishes over the period, for reasons stated below. The quantity of turbot landed in the twenty years was 103,593 ewts., the average per annum being 5180 cwts, In the first ten years the 138 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report quantity was 43,011 ewts., and in the last 60,582 cwts., the respective averages being 4301 cwts. and 6058 cwts. per annum. There was thus an increase of about 41 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the first period, 1892-1899, was 1102 ewts., the average being 138 ewts. per annum ; in the years 1901-1908 the quantity was only 196 cwts. and the average 24 ewts., a decrease of about 82 per cent. The quantity of trawled turbot landed in the two periods was 33,226 cwts. and 49,228 cwts., the averages being 4153 cwts. and 6153 ewts., the increase amounting to about 48 per cent, Thus about 99 per cent. of the turbot were landed by trawlers. The aggregate quantity of halibut landed in the twenty years was 485,125 ewts., showing an annual average of 24,256 cwts. The increase in the ten years, 1899-1908, over the previous ten years amounted to 145,261 cwts., or about 85 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the years 1892-1899 was 153,064 cwts., the average being 19,133 ewts. ; in the period 1901-1908 the quantity was 198,657 cwts. and the average per annum 24,832 cwts., an increase of 45,593 ecwts., or nearly 30 per cent. The quantities taken by trawl in the two periods were 8539 cwts., with an average of 1067 cwts., and 77,417 cwts., with an average of 9677 cwts., an increase of about 807 per cent. The figures show that in the period 1901-1908 about 72 per cent. of the halibut landed were caught by line. The quantity of lemon soles landed in the twenty years aggregated 448,317 cwts., or an average of 22,416 cwts. per annum. In the first ten years the quantity was 173,481 cwts., and the average 17,348 ewts.; in the second period the quantity was 274,836 cwts., the average per annum being 27,484 cwts., an increase of about 58 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the years 1892-1899 was only 703 cwts., the average being 88 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 1109 ecwts., and the average 139 ewts. There was thus an increase of about 58 per cent. The trawled lemon soles in the first period amounted to 148,695 ewts., with an average of 18,587 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 229,905 cwts. and the average 28,738 cwts., showing an increase of 55 per cent. About 99 per cent. of the total in the last period were taken by trawl. The other flat-fishes included in the tables are “ flounders, plaice, and brill,” which were not separately distinguished until 1904, and comparison cannot be made as to the quantities of any of these fishes before the year named, In the five years, 1904-1908, the quantity of plaice landed diminished considerably and almost steadily from 62,565 ewts. in 1904 to 44,596 ewts. in 1908. The quantity of brill also decreased from 1408 ewts. to 701 cwts. Dabs increased from 6290 ewts. to 10,274 cwts. Witehes decreased from 23,891 cwts. to 19,679 cwts., and megrims increased from 10,331 ewts. to 12,311 ewts. , The quantity of skates and rays, of which several species are tabulated together, landed in the period 1889-1908 amounted to 1,064,302 cwts., the average per annum being 53,215 cwts. In the first ten years the quantity was 379,146 cwts. and the average 37,915 cwts.; in the second ten years the quantity was 685,156 cwts. and the average 68,516 cwts., showing an increase of about 81 per cent. In the eight years, 1892-1899, the quantity taken by line was 273,035 ewts., the average being 34,129 ewts. ; in the years 1901-1908 the total amounted to 294,505 ewts., and the average was 36,813 cwts. There was thus an increase in the line-caught fish to the extent of about 8 per cent. The quantity taken by trawl in the first of the two periods was 63,427 cwts., the average being 7928 ewts. ; in the second period the quantity was 283,602 cwts. and the average 35,450 ewts., showing an increase of 347 per cent. While the proportion of the skates and rays in the first period which were taken by trawl amounted to barely 19 per cent., in the second period it was about 49 per cent, of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 139 Orkney and Shetland. Pelagic Fish.—The fish of this group consist almost entirely of the herring, no sprats being included in the returns, and very few mackerel. The aggregate quantity of herrings landed in the twenty years, 1889— 1908, amounted to 21,009,969 cwts., the average per annum being 1,050,498 ewts. In the first ten years the quantity was 4,872,313 ewts. and the average 487,231 cwts.; in the last ten years the quantity was 16,137,656 cwts. and the average 1,613,766 cwts. There was thus the very large increase of 11,265,343 ewts., or about 231 per cent. The increase in the quantity was fairly steady throughout the period; the highest amounts landed were in 1905—2,409,862 cwts—and 1904— 2,045,613 cwts.—and the lowest in 1892, when the total amounted to 163,075 cwts., and 1889, when it was 189,591 cwts. The quantities arranged in quinquennial periods are as follows :— Years. Cwts. Years. Cwts. LSS9=0893 v2 99% 276,935 1899219035 .44- 1,234,321 1894-1898...... 697,528 1904-1908...... 1,993,210 The total quantity of mackerel taken in the twenty years was 2924 ewts., with an average per annum of 146 cwts. The progress of this fishery is indicated by the figures of quantities in the quinquennial periods; viz., 40, 97, 186, and 261 ecwts. Round Fishes.—The quantity of cod taken in the twenty years amounted 1,692,770 cwts., with an average per annum of 84,638 cwts. In the first years the aggregate was 1,084,192 cwts., the average being 108,419 cwts. ; in the second ten years the quantity was 608,578 cwts. and the average 60,858 cwts. There was thus a decrease of about 44 per cent., and it was entirely in connection with line fishing. The quantity taken by line in the years 1892-1899 was 719,777 cwts., the average per annum being 89,972 cwts., whereas in the years 1901-1908 the quantity was 341,839 ewts., the average being 42,730 cwts., and the decrease about 53 per cent. The quantity taken by trawl in the first period was 21,045 ewts., the average being 2631 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 160,705 ewts. and the average 20,088 cwts. The increase of the trawled cod landed thus amounted to about 663 per cent. About 68 per cent. of the total cod landed in the years 1901-1908 was, however, caught by line. The quantity of ling landed in the twenty years was 541,792 ewts., the average per annum being 27,085 cwts. In the period 1889-1898 the quantity was 424,566 cwts., the average being 42,457 cwts.; in the second period, 1899-1908, the total was 117,136 cwts., the annual average being 11,714 cwts. There was thus a decrease of 307,430 cwts. in the second period, or about 72 per cent. With the exception of 1541 ewts. landed by trawlers between 1900 and 1908, all the ling were taken by line. The aggregate of the tusk landed in the twenty years was 90,976 cwts., the average being 4549 cwts. In the first ten years the quantity was 59,706 cwts. and the average 5971 cwts.; in the last ten years the quantity was 31,270 ewts. and the average 3127 cwts., showing a decrease of about 48 per cent. All the tusk were caught by line, except 15 ewts. in 1906 and 1908. The total of the saithe in the twenty years was 474,830 cwts., with an average of 23,741 cwts. Contrasting the first ten years and the last ten, there was a decrease in the latter period of 173,536 cwts., or over 53 per cent. The great bulk of the saithe was taken by line, but in 1900 and 1901, and 1905-1908, some hundreds of cwts. were landed by trawlers. The decrease in the line-caught saithe, contrasting the two periods 1892— 1899 and 1901-1808, amounted to 150,000 ewts., or nearly 60 per cent, 140 Part [1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report The proportion taken by trawl was, however, small, amounting to about 2 per cent. in the latter of the two periods. ; The decrease in the haddocks has been much less marked. Over the whole twenty years the aggregate quantity landed was 580,687 cwts., the average per annum being 29,034 ewts. In the ten years, 1889-1898, the total was 316,559 cwts. and the average 31,656 cwts.; in the last ten years the quantity was 264,128 cwts., the average being 26,413 cwts., showing a decrease of about 16°5 per cent. Very few trawled haddocks were landed throughout the period, the total amounting to about 1200 ewts. Contrasting the eight years, 1892-1899 and 1901-1908, the decrease of the line-caught haddocks amounted to 52,090 cwts., or about 20 per cent. The whitings landed were comparatively trifling, totalling for the twenty years 6373 cwts., with an average per annum of 319 cwts. They were all taken by line, with the exception of 2 cwts., and comparison of the periods shows that, contrary to the usual rule, the quantity has increased, The increase in the last ten years amounted to 4995 ewts., or 725 per cent.; the largest quantity landed in any one year was in 1908, viz., 1354 ewts. Contrasting with the whiting is the diminution in the quantity of conger eels landed. The aggregate amounted to 904 cwts., the annual average being 45 ewts. In the first period the quantity was 826 cwts.; in the last it was only 78 cwts., and none at all were landed in 1907 and 1908. Among the flat-fishes, the quantity of turbot landed in the twenty years was only 162 cwts.; in some years none were taken. The decrease in the last ten years was about 60 per cent. The quantity of halibut taken was much greater, aggregating 81,569 ewts., or an average of 4078 cwts. per annum. With the exception of 20 ewts., they were all caught by line, and a comparison of the two periods shows a decrease in the latter amounting to 51,187 cwts., or about 77 per cent. The skates and rays also show a diminution. The aggregate quantity taken in the twenty years amounted to 52,942 cwts., the average per annum being 2647 ewts. Except for 15 cwts., they were all caught by line, and the decrease in the last period of ten years compared with the first amounted to almost 21,000 cwts., or 57 per cent. West Coast. Pelagic Fish—As on the Kast Coast, the pelagic fishes landed consist almost entirely of herring. Over the whole of the twenty years the per- centage of herrings works out at 99 per cent. and mackerel at 0-9 per cent. ; but in the last ten years of the period the percentage of herrings was 98:2, while mackerel was 1:7 per cent., showing, as referred to below, an increase in the fishing for mackerel. The quantity of sprats returned as landed on the West Coast is quite insignificant. The aggregate quantity of herrings landed in the twenty years amounted to 15,577,868 cwts., the average per annum being 778,893 cwts. ; in the first ten years the quantity was 8,352,760 cwts., the average being 835,276 cwts., whereas in the last ten years of the period the quantity was 7,225,108 cwts. and the average per annum 722,511 cwts. There was thus a decrease of 1,127,652 cwts., or about 13°5 per cent., comparing the two periods of ten years. The highest figure in any one year was in 1891, when the total of the herrings landed amounted to 1,252,202 ewts.; the lowest year was 1906, when the total was 554,246 cwts, The aggregate of the mackerel landed in the twenty years was 152,652 ewts., the average per annum being 7633 cwts. The quantity taken in the ten years, 1889-1898, was 23,378 cwts., the average per annum being of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 141 2338 ewts.; in the ten years, 1899-1908, the total was 129,274 cwis., the annual average being 12,927 cwts., showing therefore the great increase of 105,896 ewts., or about 453 per cent. It is really during the last five years of the period, viz., 1904-1908, that mackerel have been taken in anything like large quantities, and the highest figure was in 1907, when the quantity landed amounted to 29,810 ewts. The total quantity of sprats returned for the twenty years was 785 cwts., and in most years none were taken. Round Fish.—The total quantity of cod landed in the twenty years amounted to 874,058 cwts., the average per annum being 43,703 cwts. In the first ten years the quantity amounted to 523,597 ewts., the annual average being 52,360 cwts. ; in the last ten years of the period the quantity was 350,461 cwts. and the average 35,046 cwts. The decrease thus amounted to 173,136 cwts., or 33 per cent. This decrease was due entirely to the decline in the line-caught fish. In the eight-years, 1892- 1899, the quantity taken by line was 406,895 cwts., the average per annum being 50,862 cwts.; in the eight years, 1901-1908, the quantity was 229,213 cwts., the average per annum being 28,652 cwts., a decrease of nearly 44 per cent. The quantity of trawled cod was small. In the first eight years it totalled 981 cwts., the average being 123 cwts,, and in the last eight years the quantity was 7784 cwts. and the average 973 cwts., an increase of 6803 cwts. and 693 per cent. The proportion of the trawled cod to those taken by line was, however, small, amounting in the latter period to only about 3 per cent. of the total, less, indeed, than the quantity taken by “net”—gill-nets being used largely in certain localities—the percentage of which was 9, while the proportion taken by line amounted to about 88 per cent. _ The aggregate of ling was greater than that of cod, amounting in the twenty years to 941,205 cwts., or an average of 47,060 cwts. per annum. The decrease in the ten years, 1899-1908, when compared with the first tén years, was, however, greater, namely, nearly 62 per cent. In the former period the quantity was 680,059 cwts., the average being 68,006 ewts.; in the latter the quantity was 261,146 cwts. and the average 26,115 ewts. Tusk, on the other hand, showed an increase. The total quantity landed in the twenty years was 29,374 cwts., giving an average per annum of 1469 cwts. In the first half of the period the quantity was 12,125 ewts., with an average of 1212 cwts.; in the second half the total was 17,249 ewts., the average being 1725 cwts., an increase of about 42 per cent. All the tusk were taken by line, except 148 cwts. in 1907, which were caught by trawl. The quantity of saithe taken in the twenty years amounted to 558,085 ewts., the average being 27,904 cwts. per annum. In the first period the quantity was 314,158 cwts. and the average 31,416 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 243,927 cwts. and the average 24,393 ewts. There was thus a decrease of 70,231 ewts., or about 22 per cent. A com- paratively small amount of the saithe are returned as taken by trawl, and only in certain years. But considerable quantities appear in recent years to have been caught by gill-nets, the amount so taken in 1908 having been 7865 ecwts., or nearly 26 per cent. of the whole. On the West Coast haddocks have not the importance they have on the East. The quantity taken in the twenty years amounted to 493,942 cwts., with an average of 24,697 cwts.—thus less than ling, cod, or saithe. The aggregate for the first period of ten years was 302,677 cwts., with an annual average of 30,268 ewts.; for the second period the total amounted to 191,265 ewts., the average per annum being 19,126 cwts. In the latter period of ten years there was therefore a decrease of 111,412 ecwts., or about 37 per cent. The quantity taken by line in the eight years, 1892- K 142 Part I1I.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report 1899, amounted to 213,085 ewts., with an average of 26,636 cwts., while in the period 1901-1908 the amount was 146,490 cwts., the average being 18,311 cwts., and the decrease about 31 per cent. With one or two exceptions, the quantity of haddocks landed by trawlers in any one year was small. In the eight years, 1892-1899, it amounted to 1571 ewts., the average being 196 cwts.; in the later eight years the quantity was 20,947 ewts. and the average 2618 cwts. The increase was thus 19,376 ewts., or about 1233 per cent. The proportion in the latter period was—line 87-4 per cent., trawl 12°5 per cent., but in the years 1907 and 1908 this pro- portion was very much higher. The aggregate of whiting landed on the West Coast in the twenty years was 152,183 cwts., an average of 7609 cwts. In the first ten years the quantity was 75,838 cwts., the average being 7584 cwts.; in the last ten years the amount was 76,345 cwts. and the average 7634 cwts. There was thus a slight increase in the quantity of whiting, something under 1 per cent. Almost all were taken by lines, but the greater quantity taken by trawl in the second period compared with the first period was more than sufficient to account for the increase mentioned in the total. The quantity of conger eel landed in the twenty years was 243,353 ewts., an average of 12,168 cwts. per annum. The quantity in the first ten years amounted to 113,097 ewts., the average being 11,310 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 130,256 cwts. and the average 13,026 ewts. There was thus, as with tusk and whiting,.an increase, which amounted to 17,159 ewts., or about 15 per cent. With the exception of 722 cwts. landed by trawlers throughout the twenty years—and chiefly in the last four—all the conger were taken by line, except 96 ewts. by “net” in 1906-1907. Among the other round fishes included in the tables are gurnards, catfish, anglers, and hake, but the quantities, as will be seen from the detailed tables, are small, and refer only to the last few years. Among the flat fishes the aggregate of turbot landed was 9617 ewts., or an average of 481 cwts. The decrease in the last ten years, compared with the first, amounted to about 35 per cent. The average in the first period was 581 cwts. per annum and in the second 381 cwts. The total for halibut was 48,002 cwts., or an average of 2400 ewts. Here also there was a decrease of about 34 per cent in the latter ten years of the period. In the first ten years the annual average was 2894 cwts., and in the last ten years 1906 cwts. As with the turbot, the quantity landed by trawlers was comparatively small and irregular. The aggregate quantity of lemon soles was small, namely 3440 cwts., or an annual average of only 172 ewts. In the last ten years, 1899-1908, there was a decrease of 73 per cent. The decrease in the line-caught fish was 50 per cent., and in those taken by trawl 5 per cent. The percentage proportions in the last ten years were—line, 68°6 per cent.; trawl, 291 per cent. ; net, 2°3 per cent. As on the East Coast, the other species of flat fishes were only separately distinguished in 1904 and since. The total quantity of skates and rays amounted to 348,831 ewts., the annual average being 17,442 cwts. In the first ten years the quantity was 156,792 cwts., the average being 15,679 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 192,030 cwts. and the average 19,204 ewts., showing an increase of about 22°5 per cent. Most of the increase was due to the larger landings by trawlers in the second period, but the proportion landed by trawl over the last eight years amounted to only 2:3 per cent. THE VALUES OF THE FisH LANDED. Appended to this report will be found tables showing the values of the fish of the different kinds landed in the years 1889-1908, and also the values of those taken by the chief methods of fishing. ee of the Fishery Board for Scotland. - 148 Beginning as before with the figures for the whole of Scotland, it is found that the aggregate value of the fish landed in the years 1888-1908 amounted to £42,993,646, or an average per annum for the twenty-one years of £2,047,316. For the year 1888 only the total for the whole of Scotland is given, but, taking the period 1889-1908, it is possible to differentiate the values of the fish pertaining to the different coasts. The aggregate value of the fish landed on the East Coast in the period 1899-1908 amounted to £17,720,785, the average per annum being £1,772,078. In the years 1889-1898 the total was £12,212,851, and the average £1,221,285. There was thus an increase in the last ten years of £5,507,934, or about 45 per cent. In the period 1889-1898 the aggregate value of the fish landed in the Orkney and Shetland Isles was £1,408,347, the average per annum being £140,835. In the years 1899-1908 the aggregate was £4,528,444 and the average £452,844, showing an increase of £3,120,097 or about 221 per cent. The aggregate value of the fish landed on the West Coast in the first period was £2,848,503, the annual average being £284,850. In the second period the value amounted to £2,941,956 and the average was £294,196. The increase on the West Coast was thus small, amounting to about 3 per cent, when the two periods are compared. Turning now to the proportions represented by the different methods of fishing, the aggregate value of the fish taken by line in the sixteen years, 1892-1899 and 1901-1908, was for the whole coast £6,990,107, giving an annual average of £436,882. In the first period, 1892-1899, the aggregate was £4,251,250, the average being £531,406 per annum. In the second period, 1901-1908, the aggregate was £2,738,857 and the average £342,357. There was therefore a decrease amounting on the whole to £1,512,393, or about 35 per cent. On the other hand, the increase in the value of trawled fish was very great. In the period 1892-1899 the aggregate was £2,791,393, the annual average being £348,924. In the second period, 1901-1908, the aggregate value of the trawled fish landed amounted to £7,183,748, the average per annum being £897,968. The increase thus amounted to £4,392,355, or about 157 per cent. The aggregate value of the net-caught fish, comprising for the most part herring, was, in the first period, £6,776,976, giving an average of £847,122. In the second period the value amounted to £10,752,653, the average being £1,344,082. The increase in this class between the two periods was there- fore £3,975,677, or about 59 per cent. On the East Coast the decrease in the value of the fish caught by line, comparing the two periods, 1892-1899 and 1901-1908, amounted to 38 per cent. On the other hand, the inerease in the value of fish taken by trawl amounted to 157 per cent. There was also a large increase, amounting to 27 per cent., in the fish taken by “net,” that is, chiefly herrings. In Orkney and Shetland the decrease in the value of the line-caught fish in the same periods was about 29 per cent.; the increase in the trawled fish —not of great importance—amounted to 688 per cent.; while the increase in the “net” fish was 222 per cent., and represented the increase in the value of the herrings. On the West Coast in the same periods the decrease in the vaiue of the line-caught fish amounted to 25 per cent., the increase of the trawled fish to 70 per cent., and the increase of the value of the “ net ”-caught fish to 15 per cent. It is not necessary to go into the details as to the values of the various fishes landed, the information regarding which will be found in the appended tables, but the following summary may be given showing the average value per annum in each of the two periods for the different coasts in the case of the more important fishes, The following shows the average value for the 144 Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report pelagic fishes, herring, sprat, mackerel, and with these are included the other ‘‘net”-caught fish, the smelt or sparling :— East Coast. ORKNEY AND SHETLAND. 1889-1898.| 1899-1908] 1889-1898.| 1899-1908. £ £ £ £ Herring... Le 516,141 666,129 89,435 413,264 Sprat a or rile) 3,857 ; i Mackerel .. oe 268 1,542 10 A5 Sparling .. 2 978 747 : Totaly. is 519,101 672,276 89,445 413,310 West Coast. ALL ScorLanD. 1889-1898.| 1899-1908] 1889-1898. 1899-1908. £ ey £5 Eg Herring... ne 199,767 223,664 765,143 {1,303,057 Sprat He §r ih 6 sharpie 3,863 Mackerel .. lee 1,328 4,083 1,403 5,670 Sparling .. ra 141 201 1,084 949 Total .. aa 201,237 227,954 769,387 {1,313,540 From the above table it will be found that the vaiue of the herrings landed has considerably increased—for all Scotland to the extent of 70 per cent., for the East Coast to the extent of 29 per cent., for the West Coast to the extent of 12 per cent., and for Orkney and Shetland by no less than 362 per cent. Although the proportion of mackerel, and therefore its relative importance at present, is much less, the percentage increase of the value has been greater than with the herring, namely, 304 per cent. for all coasts, 486 for the East Coast, 350 for Orkney and Shetland, and over 207 for the West Coast. The increase in the value of sprats was about 120 per cent. for all coasts. ; In a similar way the particulars regarding the values of the other fishes may be set forth, and in the following table are given the average values of the different fishes landed in the various periods for each coast and for all Scotland, the values of those fish taken by line and by trawl being distinguished from one another :— of the Fishery Board for Scotland 145 Hast Coast. Line. Trawl. Total. 1892-1899/1901-1908/1892-1899]1901-1908|/1889-1898]1899-1908 £ £ £ £ £ £ Cod As ... | 106,895 74,152 | 40,169 | 164,505 | 135,214 | 228,501 a.) ws): ¥e 15,885 18,135 2,808 15,862 17,473 | 32,701 Saithe ... we 4,201 DSL 586 11,079 4,784 | 11,917 Haddock ... | 215,609 | 78,833 | 178,374 | 416,688 | 370,761 | 490,867 Whiting ae 11,393 8,940 4,871 | 38,094 | 17,575 | 42,849 Conger Kel ee 1,957 1,382 43 159 1,883 1,689 Turbot ... Se 331 66 13,424 | 21,691 14,534 | 21,020 Halibut... Ae 26,819 | 43,425 1,515 16,724 | 23,317 54,913 Lemon Soles ... 155 221 35,600 | 57,168 31,597 54,837 Skates and Rays | 10,260 11,227 1,705 8,369 10,513 18,960 ORKNEY AND SHETLAND. Line. Trawl. Total. 1892-1899|1901-1908]/1892-1899/1901-1908/1889-1898)1899-1908 £ £ £ 38 £ ae Cod sae aan 20,795 | 15,397 920 7,245 | 25,150 | 21,155 Beas, 1J:; a ae eas Be Bae 9,692 3,344 Tusks Ac) ae at ae tee Ab. 854 505 Saithe ... me ak +A ae Hee 2,638 1,506 Haddock i a re yee ose 8,472 | 10,946 Whiting sas a 92 “~ oe 16 190 Conger Kel _..... ie o oa bs 31 3 sun botis a. Bee ae as we ane 9 9 Halibut Bee bom sie a “As: 3,409 1,182 Skates and Rays ues ae ee ate 523 260 West Coast. Line. Trawl. ‘Total. 1892-1899]1901-1908]1892-1899]1901-1908]1889-1898/1899-1908 g £ £ £ Ss £ Cod Boe ois 17,293 | 12,884 68 368 | 17,858 | 14,627 Wine) s.. ahs aa im ae Vee 20,225 9,268 Duaskas 39. Hee oa ace as ee 2538 419 Saithe ... ae so xe Bee aN 4,480 4,296 Haddock hs 12,285 9,728 150 966 | 13,116 | 10,001 Whiting hs a! 5: ack ie 5,207 5,741 Conger Eel ___... bdo hed ie ae 5,638 5,854 Turbot ... edi Bay ae hey eRe 686 489 Halibut a ae oy ee a 1,698 | 1,775 Lemon Soles ... mist oa as Aoi 432 174 Skates and Rays 3,030 4,398 19 138 2,611 4,462 a gs es a 146 Part I1I—Twenty-seventh Annual Report Attu Coasts. Line. Trawl. Total. 1892-1899]1901-1908)1892-1899/1901-1908)1889-1898)1899-1908 Eo £ 38 By ay a Cod... ... | 144,984 | 102,433 | 41,157 | 172,118 | 177,139 | 264,282 Ling ... ...| 42,970] 28,408] 2,813] 15,995 | 48,774 | 45,314 Push > 0 iM P53 an act aie 1,643 2,873 Saithe ... abe 10,822 7,004 599 | 11,305 | 12,645 | 17,779 Haddock .. | 237,033 | 99,460 | 178,540 | 417,671 | 382,931 | 511,814 Whiting ... | 16,964 | 14,481 | 4,887 | 38,171 | 23,241] 48,781 Conger Eel ...| 7,607 | 7,267 91 179| 7.105| 7,546 Turbot ... ... 971 354 | 13,447 | 21,775 | 15,170 | 21,519 Halibut... ae 31,382 | 46,281 1,516 16,801 | 27,090 | 57,870 ' Lemon Soles ... 324 360 | 35,642 | 57,207 | 29,986 | 55,013 Skates and Rays | 13,67 15,860 1,725 8,507 | 12,819 | 23,682 | c It will be found that, taking all the coasts together. decreases occurred in the average values of all the fishes taken by line, with the exception of halibut, lemon soles, skates and rays. The decrease in the value of line- caught haddock amounted to 58 per cent., of line-caught cod to 29 per cent., of turbot to 64 per cent., of ling to 34 per cent., of saithe to 32 per cent., and of whiting to nearly 15 per cent. On the other hand, the increase in the value of line-caught halibut amounted to over 47 per cent., while the increase in skates and rays was 16.per cent., and in lemon soles 11 per cent. There were great increases in the value of the trawl-caught fishes, amounting, for all coasts together, to 1787 per cent. for saithe, 1008 per cent. for halibut, 318 per cent. for cod, 468 per cent. for ling, 681 per cent. for whiting, 134 per cent. for haddock, 60 per cent. for lemon soles, 54 per cent. for turbot, and 393 per cent. for skates and rays. Since the increase in the values of the trawled fish more than counterbalanced the decrease in the value of the fish taken by line, with the single exception of ling—where there was a decrease altogether of 7 per cent.—the increase in the total value was noteworthy. It varied from 114 per cent. for halibut, 110 per cent. for whiting, and 85 per cent. for skates and rays, to 41 per cent. for saithe, 42 per cent. for turbot, and 34 per cent. for haddock. On the East Coast the average values of the line-caught fish showed diminution in all cases except for ling, halibut, lemon soles, skates and rays. The decrease in the value of cod amounted to 31 per cent., of saithe to 45 per cent., haddocks 63 per cent, whiting 21 per cent., turbot 80 per cent. The increased value of ling was 14 per cent., of halibut 62 per cent., of lemon soles 43 per cent., of skates and rays 9 per cent. The values of the trawled fish showed increases in all items, ranging from 1790 per cent. for saithe, 1004 per cent. for halibut, 309 for cod, to 134 for haddocks, and 62 for turbot. And there were increased per- centages in the value of all the fishes landed, trawled and line-caught combined. The particulars for the West Coast do not allow the same detailed com- parison to be made, since the entries of trawled fish are only for certain years, but for the totals, however caught, the following showed increases :— Whiting 10 per cent., tusk 66 per cent., conger eel 4 per cent., halibut 4°5 per cent., skates and rays 71 per cent. And decreases occurred in the average values of the following fishes :—Cod 18 per cent., ling 54 per cent., saithe 4 per cent., haddocks 24 per cent., turbot 29 per cent., lemon soles 60 per cent. . of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 147 In cases where comparison can be made, it appears that the value of the trawled fish landed on the West Coast increased, but it is evident that such increase was not sufficient to counterbalance the loss from the line-caught fish, as was the case on the Hast Coast. In Orkney and Shetland the fishes showing increased values in the periods were :—Ling hy 65 per cent., haddocks 29 per cent., whiting 1087 per cent. On the other hand, the following fishes showed decreases in average value :—Cod by 16 per cent., tusk 41 per cent., saithe 43 per cent., conger eel 90 per cent., halibut 65 per cent., skates and rays 50 per cent. As onthe West Coast, the decreases were in the line fishing, and they were not made up by the increase in the value of trawled fish landed, as on the Hast Coast. SHELL-FISH. Tables have also been prepared and will be found appended dealing with the statistics of the shell-fish landed in Scotland trom the year 1883 onwards to 1908. Below each of the shell-fish which is distinguished in the statistics is separately dealt with in regard to quantity and in regard to value. Since the quantities are expressed in different terms, sometimes in terms of weight, as for mussels and clams, and sometimes in terms of number, as for oysters, lobsters, and crabs, a statement cannot be given dealing with the quantities as a whole. The value, however, of all the shell-fish may be examined. The aggregate value of the shell-fish for the twenty-six years amounted to £1,957,881, or an average per annum of £75,303. In the first period, 1883-1895, the value amounted to £965,549, giving an average of £74,273 ; in the second period, 1896-1908, the total was £992,332, the average being £76,333 There was thus™an increase of about 2°8 per cent. On the East Coast, the value for the whole period was £857,480, the average being £32,980. In the first period the total was £473,445, and the average £36,419 ; in the second period the total was £384,035, the average being £29,541. There was thus a decrease on the East Coast of nearly 19 per cent. In Orkney and Shetland the aggregate value was £186,006, the average being £7154. In the first period the average was £6327, and in the second period it was £7,981, showing an increase of about 26 per cent. On the West Coast there was also an increase in the value of the shell- fish landed. The aggregate for the whole period was £914,395, the annual average being £35,169. In the first period, 1883-1895, the total value amounted to £409,848, the average being £31,527, whereas in the period 1896-1908 the total value was £504,547 and the annual average £38,811, showing an increase of about 23 per cent. Among the tables appended to this paper will be found some in which a comparison is made between the total value of the shell-fish of a particular coast and the value of the different kinds of shell-fish landed, and showing also the percentage of the total value of the shell-fish of that coast to the total value of the shell-fish of the whole of Scotland, and to the total value of all the fish landed on the same coast. With regard to the former point —the relative value of the different kinds of shell-fish from year to year in relation to the total value—the rise in lobsters, and especially in crabs, concurrently with the diminution in mussels, is noteworthy. The gradual rise in the relative value of lobsters and the decrease in the unclassified shell-fish are prominent features in the figures referring to Orkney and Shetland, while on the West Coast there has been a gradual increase in the unclassified shell-fish and a decrease in the values of the lobsters and crabs. The tables also show that the relative value of the shell-fish fisheries compared with the other fisheries, namely, for what are termed 148 Part ITl—Twenty-seventh Annual Report wet fish, has greatly diminished, except on the West Coast, where the decrease has been much less. Other tables are given showing ‘the yield of the shell-fish fisheries of England and Wales for the years 1856- 1907, together with the values, and instituting similar comparisons to those described above. Oysters. The oyster fishery in Scotland is a very small one in comparison with the oyster fishery in other countries, and it is less now than it used to be, owing to many natural beds having been depleted. In the twenty-six years, 1883-1908, the aggregate number of oysters landed was 10,529,000. The average number per annum over the period was 404,965. Comparing the first half of the period, 1883-1895, with the latter half, 1896-1908, the quantity landed in the former was 4,219,983, the average being 324,614 per annum, while in the second period the number was 6,309,104, and the average 485,316 per annum. There was thus a gross increase in the thirteen years of 2,089,120, or 49°5 per cent. This increase was entirely confined to the West Coast, and is owing to the cultivation of the molluse in certain places, in particular Loch Ryan. The number landed on the East Coast in the twenty-six years was 1,048,637, the average per annum being 40,332. In the first half of the period the number was 873,600, with an annual average of 67,200; in the second half the number was 175 ,037, the average being 13 464, showing therefore a decrease of about 80 per cent. This may be taken as indi- cating the depletion of the natural beds, in particular in the Firth of Forth, which at one time were very productive. In ‘Orkney and Shetland the gross number landed was 54, 950, the annual average being 2113. In the years 1883-1895 the number was 48,750, and the average 3750 per annum; in the years 1896-1908 the number was 6200, the annual average being only 477 oysters, showing a decrease of about 87 per cent. On the West Coast the number of oysters landed in the twenty-six years was 9,425,500, giving an average per annum of 362,519. In the first half of the period the number was 3,297,633, and the average 253,664 ; in the second half the number amounted to 6,127,867, the average being 471,374 oysters per annum. There was thus an increase in the thirteen years of about 86 per cent. The proportion for the different coasts in the two periods was as follows :-— 1883-1895. 1896-1908. Hast ‘Coast nat. Lenas 20:7 per cent. 2°7 per cent. Orkney and Shetland .. 1:1 & 0-1 As West Coast .......... thew is 97°1 i The figures in the detailed tables show that on the East Coast, in the year 1883, 414,700 oysters were landed, and 95,000 in the following year, and these represent, as it were, the last productive yield of the beds in the Firth of Forth. After that there was a fairly steady decline until 1900, when only 2600 oysters were landed. From 1901 to 1905 the number rose again considerably, but in 1906 no oysters were landed on the East Coast. In 1908 the number rose again to 14,900. In Orkney and Shet- land the highest number in any year was 8000 in 1890, but in eight years of the last thirteen no oysters were landed. On the West Coast by far the highest numbers refer to recent years—for the reason stated above—in 1907 the number being 1,013,480, and in 1908 924,261. With regard to the value of the oysters landed, the aggregate for the twenty-six years for the whole of Scotland was £43,560, or an average per Ee ee of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 149 annum of £1,675°4. In the first half the total value was £19,299, the annual average being £1,484°5 ; in the second half the total was £24,261, and the average £1,866°2, showing an increase of about 26 per cent. On the East Coast the aggregate value amounted to £6111, the average being £235; in the first period the total was £5,294 and the average £407°2; in the second period the total was £817 and the average £62°8, showing a decrease amounting to about 84 per cent. In Orkney and Shetland the aggregate value was £254, with an average of £9:7. The average in the first period was £17°6 and in the second £1-9, showing a decrease of about 88 per cent. The aggregate value on the West Coast amounted to £37,195, the aver- age per annum being £1,430°6. In the first period the total was £13,776 and the average £1,059°7 ; in the second period the total was £23,419, the average value per annum being £1,801°5. Here there was an increase of about 70 per cent. in the value, as compared with an increase of 86 per cent. in the number of oysters landed. The allocation of the value to the different coasts in the two periods may be shown. thus :-— 1883-1895. 1896-1908. Hash Coast tie... ve 27°4 per cent. 3°4 per cent. Orkney and Shetland ..- 1:2 93 0-1 5 Wiest: Coasti ).. auc eiies. 71:4 e 96:5 ns Comparing the percentage increase in value with that in number, it is obvious that the relative value has diminished. This is also shown by computing the average values per 100 oysters, in shillings, in quinquennial periods, as follows :— Kast Orkney and West All Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland. PBSI=TSSS8h wa aes. s 12:0 9°7 7°6 8:6 HES9-1895 2h. sks 11°6 8:6 9-0 9:2 et OO4= 1S 98RA 252 ecitaiie 10°6 8:4 8-1 8-2 PE99=V9OBe 4 Sh divs xe 10:2 o:7 8:0 8°8 ROO TOOB, RL ale a's TiAl 8:0 G2 (PP The considerable decrease in recent years may be attributed in part to the “scares” in connection with cases where enteric fever was traced to polluted oysters and other shell-fish. Mussels. The aggregate quantity of mussels landed in the twenty-six years in Scotland was 4,929,375 cwts., the average per annum being 189,591 ewts. In the first thirteen years the total amounted to 3,027,747 cwts., the aver- age being 232,904 cwts. In the second period the quantity was 1,901,628 ewts., giving an annual average of 146,279 cwts. There was thus a gross decrease of 1,126,119 ewts. in the latter period, or about 37 per cent. This decrease was most marked on the East Coast. The aggregate quantity amounted to 3,300,828 ewts., the average being 126,954 cwts. In the first half of the period the quantity was 2,094,077 cwts., with an aver- age of 161,083 ewts.; in the second half the total amounted to 1,206,751 ewts., the average being 92,827 cwts., showing a decrease of over 42 per cent. The total for Orkney and Shetland was 83,827 cwts., the annual average being 3224 ewts. In the first thirteen years the total was 50,520 cwts., with an average of 3886 cwts.; in the last thirteen years the total 150 Part I1I—-Twenty-seventh Annual Report amounted to 33,307 ewts., the average being 2562 cwts. There was there- fore a decrease of about 34 per cent. There was also a decrease on the West Coast, but less in proportion. The aggregate quantity in the twenty-six years was 1,544,720 ewts., the average per annum being 59,412 cwts. The quantity in the first period amounted te 883,150 ewts., with an average of 67,935 cwts.; in the second period the quantity was 661,570 ewts., and the average 50,890 ewts., Showing a decline of about 25 per cent. The detailed tables show that on the East Coast down to 1893 the quantity of mussels landed was always over 120,000 cwts., and sometimes over 200,000 ewts., a year. Since 1899 the quantity has not in any year been much over 70,000 cwts., and sometimes but little over 60,000 ewts. The decrease in the quantity of mussels has relation to the decline in line- fishing, as the chief use of the mussel in Scotland is for bait. The proportions landed on the various coasts in the two periods are indicated in the following figures :— 1883-1895. 1896-1908. Hast Coast..........:. 69°1 per cent. 63°4 per cent. Orkney and Shetland .. 1°6 Bt 17 5 West Coast .......... 29-1 34°7 Fs With regard to values, the total value during the twenty-six years was £286,228, giving an average of £11,009 per annum. In the first thirteen years of the period the total amounted to £181,298, the average being £13,946 ; in the second period the total was £104,930, and the average £8071. There was thus a decrease in the latter period of £76,368, or about 42 per cent. The agyregate value on the Hast Coast was £203,903, the annual average being £7842, and the decrease in the second period amounted te £72,881, or about 53 per cent. The aggregate value for Orkney and Shetland for the whole period was only £6008, with an average of £231, and the decrease in the second period amounted to £1516, or 40 per cent. On the West Coast the aggregate value was £76,317, the average per annum being £2935, and the decrease in the second period was £1971, or about 5 per cent. The value of mussels, like the value of oysters, has fallen in the period covered by the statistics so far as the East Coast and Scotland as a whole are concerned, but on the West Coast their value has increased. This is brought out in the following table showing the value, in shillings per ewt., in quinquennial periods :— East Orkney and West All Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland. PSS441888iane oie. 1:3 2°1 09 12 1889-1893) 0. ...00% 1:3 1-2 0:9 1:2 1894-1898 ........ 1:2 1] 1:0 TEN WS99=1903) Le isa 1:4 tet 11 1904-1908 #sOe.% <8 1:0 18 1:3 11 Clams. This shell-fish (Pecten) is used chiefly for bait, and, to a small extent, as food. It is local in its distribution from the commercial point of view, by far the greater quantity entered in the statistics having been taken from the Firth of Forth ; small quantities are also got in the Clyde area. The aggregate for the East Coast of Scotland in the twenty-six years amounted to 334,793 cwts., the annual average being 12,877 cwts. In the first thirteen years the total was 208,600 cwts., the average being 16,046 cwts.; | of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 151 in the second period the total was 126,193 ewts., the average being 9707 cwts. There was thus a decrease of 82,407 cwts., or about 39 per cent. The total landed on the West Coast in the twenty-six years was only 1735 ewts. The total value for Scotland in the period was £43,467, of which the value on the East Coast amounted to £43,250. In the first thirteen years the average value was £2062, and in the last thirteen years £1282, showing a decrease of about 38 per cent. The price of clams has kept up very well. The values in shillings per ewt., in the quinquennial periods above stated, were, on the Hast Coast, respectively 2°8, 2:1, 2°6, 2°6, and 2°8. The greatest quantities were landed between 1888 and 1897; the smallest in 1902 and 1908. Since then the quantity has rather increased. Lobsters. This crustacean constitutes the most valuable item among the shell-fish fisheries of Scotland, and it differs from those molluscs which have been referred to above—oysters, clams, and mussels—inasmuch as the quantity and value have steadily increased. The aggregate number of lobsters landed on the coasts of Scotland in the twenty-six years, 1883-1908, amounted to 18,769,150, giving an annual average number of 721,890. In the first half of the period, 1883-1895, the total number was 9,239,689, the annual average being 710,745; in the second period the number was 9,529,461, and the average per annum 733,036, showing an increase of 3:1 per cent. The aggregate on the Hast Coast was 2,689,496, the average being 103,442 per annum for the whole period. In the years 1883-1895 the number was 1,409,222, and the average 108,402, while in the second period the number was 1,280,274, and the annual average 98,483 lobsters. There was thus a decrease on the East Coast in the second period to the extent of 9 per cent. in the numbers landed. There was, on the other hand, a notable increase in the lobster fishery of the Orkney and Shetland group. The aggregate number taken in the twenty- six years was 2,835,949—greater, therefore, than on the whole of the East Coast—and the average number per annum was 109,075. In the first period the number was 1,175,150, and the average 90,396, whereas in the second period the number was 1,660,799, and the annual average 127,754. There thus occurred an increase to the extent of over 41 per cent. in the number of lobsters landed. On the West Coast, where nearly three-fourths of the lobsters are taken, the aggregate for the whole period amounted to 13,243,705 lobsters, giving an annual average of 509,373. In the first period the number was 6,655,317, and the average per annum 511,947 ; in the second period the number was 6,588,388, and the average 506,799. There was thus a decrease of about 1 per cent. in the number of lobsters landed on the West Coast in the second period as compared with the first. The highest numbers, amounting in one year—1885—to 774,000, were taken in the earlier years, but the period from 1896 to 1902 was also characterised by large catches. The proportions in which the lobsters were landed on the various coasts in the two periods are shown in the following table :-— 1883-1895, 1896-1908. Bast: Coasing pace tae: 15:2 per cent. 14°3 per cent. Orkney and Shetland .. 12:7 s 15:1 oe Wiest: Cnasty seit oa ee 72:0 A 70°6 99 One of the chief features is the development of the fishing for lobsters 152 Part IT1.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report at the Orkney and Shetlands, and it is in reality at the Orkneys that the great development has taken place, the lobsters landed at the Shetlands being much smaller in amount. With regard to the value, the aggregate for the whole period for all Scotland amounted to £831,603, giving an average per annum of £31,985. The total for the years 1883-1895 amounted to £385,726, or an annual average of £29,671. In the years 1896-1908 the total was £445,877, and the annual average £34,298. There was thus an increase in the value to the extent of 15-6 per cent. On the East Coast there was, however, a small decrease in the value as well as in the quantity of lobsters landed. In the whole period the value amounted to £137,829, the annual average being £5302. In the first period the average was £5404, and in the second period it was £5199, the decrease thus amounting to 3:8 per cent. In the Orkney and Shetland group the total value amounted to £149,286, giving an average per annum of £5742. In the first half of the period the total amounted to £58,584, with an average of £4506; in the second half the total was £90,702, and the average £6977. There was thus an increase in value to the extent of about 55 per cent. On the West Coast the aggregate value amounted to £544,488 for the twenty-six years, the average per annum being £20,942. In the years 1883-1895 the total was £256,896, the average being £19,761; in the years 1896-1908 the total value was £287,592, the average per annum being £22,122. There thus occurred an increase in the value to the extent of about 12 per cent. The allocation of the value of the lobsters landed to the various coasts in the two periods is shown in the following table :— 1883-1895. 1896 - 1908. Hasti Coast - 5 tie )eis aus Spey 18:2 per cent. 15:2 per cent. Orkney and Shetland .. 15:2 ‘i 20:3 Ee WrestiCoast): 2.10) eee 66°6 3 64:5 ms The value or price of lobsters increased over the period covered by the statistics. The average value in shillings per 100 lobsters for the various coasts in quinquennial periods is shown as follows :— Kast Orkney and West All Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland. 1884-1888. ..5.. 101°6 102°6 pty 79'3 1889-1893...... 97°5 100°7 82:2 87°6 1894-1898...... 100:0 99:9 78:3 84:6 1899-19032 4.4... 110°3 107-7 89:0 90°5 1904--1908...... OSS 101°6 91:0 97:1 The increase in the value on the West Coast, amounting to nearly 27 per cent., is especially noteworthy. Crabs. In the statistics referring to crabs, the quantities for the first two years were given in cwts. and in the other years as numbers, so that the whole period for this crustacean in which the figures are comparable comprises 24 years, 1885-1908. In that period the aggregate number of crabs landed amounted to 68,341,417, the average per annum being 2,847,559 crabs. In the first period of eleven years, 1885-1895, the total number amounted to 31,332,471, giving an annual average of 2,848,406; in the second period, 1896-1908, the total number was 37,008,946, the average of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 1538 being 2,846,842. Thus, comparing one period with the other for the whole of Scotland, there has been a fractional and minute decrease. During the first part of the second period, from 1896 to 1902, the number of crabs landed was large, exceeding 3,000,000, but since 1902 the number was smaller, never reaching 3,000,000 in any year, and going as low as 1,990,000 in 1905. The number landed on the East Coast in the twenty-four years was 64,587,381, the annual average being 2,691,141. In the years 1885-1895 the number amounted to 29,779,515, and the average was 2,707,228 crubs per annum. In the period, 1896-1908, the total number was 34,807,866, the average per annum being 2,677,528. There was thus a slight decrease on the East Coast in the latter period, amounting to about 1:1 per cent. This is accounted for by the comparatively small numbers landed in the years 1905, 1906, and 1907, in each case being under two millions. The number landed in Orkney and Shetland in the twenty-four years was 434,088, the average per annum being 18,087. In the first eleven years the total was 156,400, and the average 14,218; in the last thirteen year's the number was 277,688, and tne average 21,36U perannum. There was thus a noteworthy increase in the crabs landed in the islands in the second period, amounting to about 50 per cent. In 1907 the number of evabs taken amounted to 27,294, and in 1908 to 31,500. There was also an increase in the number of crabs taken on the West Coast. In the whole period the number was 3,319,948, the average per annum being 138,331. Im the years 1885-1895 the number was 1,396,556, and the average 126,960; in the second period the number was 1,923,392, and the average 147,953. There was thus an increase of about 16 per cent. so far as concerns quantity. The proportions of the crabs taken on the different coasts in the two periods are indicated in the following table :— 1885 - 1895. 1896 - 1908. Mast: Coast. gsi.s 2. : 95 per cent. 94:1 per cent. Orkney and Shetland .. 0°5 - 0°8 Pe Wrest, Coasts, 27) Sta Ab Bs 5:1 i With regard to values, the aggregate value of the crabs landed on the coasts of Scotland in the twenty-four years, 1885-1908, amounted to £421,198, giving an average per annum of £16,200. In the first period, 1885-1895, the total was £209,223, the average being £16,094 per annum ; in the second period, 1896 - 1908, the total was £211,975, while the average per annum was £16,306, showing therefore a small increase of 1:3 per cent. in favour of the latter period. The years of greatest values, as will be seen in the detailed tables, were from 1897 to 1903. The aggregate value on the East Coast amounted to £401,889, the average per annum being £15,457. In the first period the collective value was £199,062, and the annual average £15,312; in the.second period the total value was £202,827, and the average was £15,602. There was thus a slight increase in the value in the second period, amounting to 1°8 per cent. In Orkney and Shetland the collective value for the whole period was £2368, the annual average being £91; the average in the first period was £66 per annum, and in the second period £116, showing an increase of nearly 66 per cent. The aggregate value on the West Coast was £16,941, giving an annual average of £651. In the first period the annual average was £716, and in the second period it was £587, showing a decrease of 18 per cent. in value, though there was an increase of nearly the same amount in quantity. The proportion of the value in relation to the different coasts is shown in the following table :— 154 Part III —Twenty-seventh Annual Report 1885 - 1895. 1896 - 1908. Hast Coast. ........... 95°1 per cent. 95°7 per cent. Orkney and Shetland .. 0: 3 07 is West: Coast)% sje) seas! 44 5 3°6 , It is of interest to note that while over-the period the value or price of crabs rose on the Hast Coast, and in particular in Orkney and Shetland, the price declined on the West Coast, as the following table shows :— East Orkney and West All Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland. L841 68S8e ee 1ehs9 6:2 13:6 11:8 1889=1893.15 foci 10:0 8:9 86 9-2 1894-1898. ..... 10:0 12:0 76 9:9 1S 99AVIOS 0 vaste Oe 10°7 8:8 12:0 HOO4 19S nk... 12:6 12°4 (3D 12:2 The figures show the values in shillings per 100 crabs. Unclassified Shell-fish. To this division belong a number of shell-fish which, in the order of their value, may be given as follows :—Periwinkles and whelks, limpets, shrimps, cockles, razor-fish or spout-fish (Solen), Norway lobster or craw- fish. It appears that the names periwinkle and whelk are given indifferently at different parts of the coast to the same mollusc ; but there is little doubt that the most valuable of the unclassified shell-fish in Scot- land is the periwinkle, of which thousands of ecwts. are collected from the shores. Shrimp-fishing is confined to the upper parts of the Solway Firth. Taking all the coasts together, the aggregate quantity of unclassified shell-fish landed in the years 1883-1908 amounted to 1,423,060 ewts., giving an average per annum for the period of 54,733 ewts. In the years 1883-1895 the total quantity was 718,313 cwts., the average being 55,255 cwts.; in the years 1896 - 1908 the quantity was 704,747 cwts., the average being 54,211 cwts. per annum. There was thus a slight average decrease, amounting to 1:9 per cent. On the East Coast the aggregate quantity in the twenty-six years amounted to 408,504 cwts., the average per annum being 15,712 cwts.; in the first half of the period the quantity totalled 222,975 ewts., the average being 17,152 ewts.; in the second half the total was 185,529 ewts. and the average 14,271 cwts. There thus occurred a decrease of 16:8 per cent. in the quantity on the East Coast. The aggregate quantity at Orkney and Shetland was 186,777 cwts., giving an annual average for the twenty-six years of 7184 cwts. In the first period the total amounted to 124,356 cwts., the average being 9566 ewts.; in the second period the total was 62,421, the average being 4802 ewts. There was therefore a decrease in the latter period to the extent of almost 50 per cent. On the West Coast the total quantity amounted to 827,778 cwts., giving an average of 31,838 cwts. per annum. In the period 1883-1895 the quantity was 370,981 ewts, and the average 28,537 cwts. ; in the period 1896— 1908 the total amounted to 456,797 cwts., the average being 35,138 ewts. The West Coast thus differs from the other coasts in showing an increase in this class of shell-fish to the extent of about 23 per cent. It is problematical, however, whether an increase in this class is an indication of prosperity. If it consists, as it appears to do, to a large extent of peri- winkles and other forms obtained by collection along the shores, it is not unlikely that in periods of scarcity in fisheries proper this method of increasing the means of support is had recourse to. of the Fishery Bourd for Scotland. 155 With regard to values, the total value for the whole period amounted to £331,825, or an average per annum of £12,762. In the years 1883 - 1895 the value amounted to £143,198, and the average to £11,015; in the years 1896-1908 the aggregate value was £188,627, the average being £14,510, showing therefore a considerable increase. The total value on the East Coast was £64,498, the average being £2481; in the first period the average was £2592, and in the second period the average was £2369, showing therefore a small decrease. In Orkney and Shetland the total value amounted to £28,088, the average per annum being £1080. In the first period the average was £1448, and in the second period £713, indicating a considerable decrease. On the West Coast the aggregate value was £239,239, the average per annum being £9201. In the first period the average was £6975, and in the second £11,428, showing a considerable increase. During the period there has been a fairly steady rise in the price of this class, as shown in the following table, which represents the average value in shillings per ewt. for each quinquennial period :— Hast Orkney and West All Coast. Shetland. Coast. Scotland. lvoe) Ss) ete fo mints wel eens 2°9 yal 5:1 4:0 ESSO VS oS oe sees. 31 3:0 4-4 3°8 TSO SESOS 4 HRS 3°3 ETT 56 4-6 TS99=1903. ose 3°4 2°8 6°6 5-4 HIO4=1908. 2 ook i) 3°5 6:7 56 Part II..—Twenty-seventh Annual Report TABLE I.—QUANTITY* OF FISH LANDED (IN CWTS.) 1. East Coast. - mM HERRINGS 3 MACKEREL TotTat PEtacic Fisn D Year |Trawl Net Total Net Line |Trawl| Net ! Total] Line |Trawl| Net Total 1888 | — — — — — _ — — — — — == 1889 | — = 2,850,925} 4,214 — — — 33) — — — 2,855, 172 1890 | — — 2,653,903] 14,077 — — — 234) — -— — 2,668, 214 1891} — — 1,925,962] 5,379 — —_ — 278) — = — 1,931,826 1892 | — _ | 2,620,394] 2,620,394] 5,887 _ — 50 50} — — | 2,626,572) 2,626,572 1893 | — | 3,158,346} 3,158,346] 58,315 — — 57 57] — — | 3,217,066] 3,217,066 1894 | —_ | 2,827,774) 2,827,774] 14,877 — — 318| 318} — — | 2,848,344) 2,843,344 1895 | — | 2,720,992] 2,720,992} 12,840 —_— — 327) 3277 — — | 2,734,461) 2,734,461 1896 | — | 2,824,977) 2,824,977] 37,745 — — 571| S571} — — | 2,863,787] 2,863,787 1897 | — _ | 1,503,693] 1,503,693] 20,950 — — | 1,237) 1,237) — — | 1,526,244) 1,526,244 1898 | — | 3,047,434 3,047,434) 5,939 — — |1,051) 1,051, — — | 3,054,644) 3,054,644 1899 | — | 1,522,351] 1,522,351] 8,323 — — |1,870| 1,870} — — | 1,532,873) 1,532,873 1900 | — _ | 1,528,006] 1,528,006] 7,349 — — | 2,394 | 2,894) — — | 1,538,014) 1,538,014 1901 | — | 1,926,317] 1,926,317} 14,904 — — |1,973/1,9734) — — | 1,943,524] 1,943,524 1902 | — | 2,740,585) 2,740,585) 29,064 — — 715} 715] — — | 2,770,577) 2,770,577 1903 | — | 2,381,666] 2,381,666] 60,438 — — 736| 7364 — — | 2,443,022) 2,443,022 1904 | — | 2,736,602) 2,736,602] 39,124 — — |1,794)1,794) — — | 2,777,807| 2,777,807 1905 | — | 2,313,253) 2,313,253] 12,130 — — | 6,004} 6,004} — — | 2,331,914) 2,331,914 1906 | 456 | 2,690,795] 2,691,251] 5,532 — | 1,033 | 4,964 | 5,997} — | 1,489 | 2,701,521) 2,703,010 1907 | 3,784 | 3,769,840) 3,773,624] 33,284 59 669 | 3,638 | 4,366 59 | 4,453 | 3,807,002) 3,811,514 1908 | 3,571 | 2,877,848) 2,881,419} 11,695 125 387 | 4,027 | 4,539} 125 | 3,958 | 2,893,714] 2,897,797 Cop Line Tusk SaITHE Year| Line | Trawl Net Total Line | Trawl | Total | Line |Trawl| Total | Line | Trawl| Total 1888 = = = eS ae <= = a a — = = _— 1889 — os — 309,473 — — 33,308 | — — 711 _ — 31,114 1890 = — — 290,251 —_ — 41,174) — — 1,277 —_ —_— 39,091 1891 aes a =e 310,020 = — 40,858} — — 911, — _— 37,582 1892 | 257,026 | 39,568 — 296,594.) 43,579| 2,616] 46,195} 1,091 | — 1,091 | 29,902 | 1,660] 31,562 1893 | 223,068 | 52,965 — 276,033 | 46,017 4,621} 50,6387 2,882 | — 2,882 | 26,452 | 3,054 9,506 1894 | 228,367 | 72,778 — 301,145] 38,556 3,918 | 42,474) 1,796) — 1,796 | 33,587 | 1,741 | 35,328 1895 | 257,791 | 84,243 = 342,034] 48,815) 4,679} 538,494] 2,527) — 2,527 | 25,540 | 1,499] 27,039 1896 | 290,397 | 107,139 = 397,536 | 43,107 7,466 | 50,573} 2,864 | — 2,864 | 38,876 | 1,637} 40,513 1897 | 304,303 | 124,576 — 428,879 | 47,589 5,825 | 53,414} 2,819 | — 2,819 | 33,448 | 4,056] 37,504 1898 | 263,838 | 165,593 — 429,431] 38,293] 10,873 | 49,166} 2,933 | — 2,933 | 39,981 | 6,870} 46,851 1899 | 232,922 | 183,652 — 416,574] 47,219} 24,472] 71,6914 3,349) — 3,349 | 28,853 | 9,880] 38,738 1900 | 156,157 | 178,593 — 334,750] 47,425] 37,862] 85,287} 4,418) — 4,418 | 23,097 | 17,550] 40,647 1901 | 150,407 | 203,099 — 353,506 | 53,069) 47,385 | 100,454] 6,491 | — 6,491 | 15,212 | 23,675 | 38,887 1902 | 143,384 | 266,716 — 410,100} 47,706 | 43,014) 90,720} 7,726) — 7,726 | 12,298 | 31,163] 43,461 1903 | 142,599 | 311,928 — 454,527] 38,032] 41,204] 74,2369 5,662 | 1,453 | 7,115 | 10,422 | 39,098 | 49,520 1904 | 168,770 | 380,553 — 549,323} 59,655 | 44,221 | 103,876) 7,478 | 1,366 | 8,844} 10,354 | 51,236] 61,590 1905 | 173,958 | 407,079 — 581,037 | 60,537 | 57,941 | 118,478} 8,324 | 1,813 | 10,187 | 18,809 | 79,450} 92,759: 1906 | 142,277 | 462,476 ,990 | 608,743} 46,863} 59,788 | 106,651] 6,302) 1,842] 8,1 9,968 | 73,352 | 83,320 1907 | 139,113 | 468,263} 3,808 | 611,184] 41,545} 80,037 | 121,582] 5,005] 1,918 | 6,923] 5,972 | 96,509 | 102,481 1908 | 151,049 | 521,171 | 11,296 | 683,516} 95,370} 88,140 | 183,510 | 10,428 | 1,825 | 12,253 | 15,666 | 90,414 | 106,088 8 ewt. Saithe, value £2, caught by net in 1908, * Fractions omitted. of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 157 Happock WHITING ConcGER HELs GURNARDS Trawl | Total] Line |Trawl| Total Line Trawl | Total | Line | Trawl | Total | Line z 1888 | — = = ee eos — = 1889 | — — | 725,346) — — | 61,000 — | 3,846 | 1890 | — — | 683,531] — — | 68,548 — | 2.559 | ior |) — — | 672156] — | — | 64,163 ee 1892 | 438,397 | 209,991 | 648,388] 31,783] 7,256 | 39,039}2,209| 77 | 2,286 1893 | 390,323 | 241,762 | 632,085] 20,099] 7,371| 27,470]2,399| 44 | 2,443 1894 | 500,680 | 259,168 | 759,848] 28,688} 4,700} 33,388]2,374| 95 | 2,469 1895 | 593,634 | 337,592 | 931,226} 29,828 | 5,511] 35,339972,215| 95 | 2,310 1896 | 600,396 | 319,013 | 919,409} 27,832} 5,585) 33,417]3,629| 115 | 3,744 1897 | 456,062 | 349,742 | 805,804} 20,532 | 9,191] 29,72314,589| 80 | 4,669 1898 | 240,306 | 461,208 | 701,514) 18,371| 16,004] 34,375]3,607| 61 | 3,668 1899 | 181,397 | 559,850 | 741,247418,009| 29,206) 47,215 C 1900 | 124,090 | 598,191 | 722,281} 20,349 | 45,576) 65,925}13,763| 81 | 3,844 1901 | 89,480 | 706,403 | 795,883} 16,406 | 98,838 | 115,244] 2,794 | 126 | 2,920 1902 | 103,224 | 767,137 | 870,361 | 13,114 | 125,123 | 138,237} 1,917 | 404 | 2,321 1903 | 135,917 | 826,122 | 962,039 | 16,437 | 102,289 | 118,726 | 1,743 | 369 | 2,112 (lle TAS lbea bee eras cdigad alta Ne) io) 2S oO OV bo — SS) cS for) =] io bo 2 iS _ — - (S) Oo Lo Os oD = bo is WY) (Si iw) or (=) 1) or) = oO Siu sal fll bal el hl tt et pl a 1904 | 142,888 | 837,664 2 | 7,121 | 7,283 1905 | 116,274 | 766,690 | 882,964 | 22,868 | 154,783 | 177,651 2| 401 | 3,433 1 | 7,378 | 7,529 1906 | 159,729 | 868,137 |1,027,988 | 21,166 | 119,995 | 141,327 } 2,733 | 299 | 3,032 5 | 6,942 | 7,117 1907 | 138,010 | 993,917 |1,131,933 | 11,071 | 124,372 | 185,443 } 2,599 | 374 | 2,997 8 | 6,471 | 6,549 1908 | 105,920 | 984,653 |1,090,573 | 21,540 | 120,451 | 141,991 } 3,346 | 612 | 3,996 4 | 5,091 | 5,165 122 ewt. Haddock, value £129, caught by net in 1906; 6 ewt. Haddock, value £3, caught by net in 1907. 166 ewt. Whiting, value £44, caught by net in 1906. 24 ewt. Conger Hels, yalue £56, caught by net in 1907; 38 cwt, Conger Hels, value £82, caught by net in 1908, CaTFISH Monks Hake ToraLt Round FisH Year | Line | Trawl | Total | Trawl | Line} Trawl | Total Line Trawl Net Total 1888 | — — — — = — — — = — — 1889 | — — — — — — _ = — — 1,164,798 1890 | — — — — — — — — — — 1,126,431 1891 |} — — — — == = — — — — 1,127,452 1892 | — — — — = — — 803,987 261,168 — 1,065,155 1893 | — — — — — — — 711,240 309,817 — 1,021,057 1894} — =eapel Vise — — = = 834,049 342,400 — 1,176,449 1895 | — —> | = — = = — 960,350} 433,619 _ 1,393,969 1896 | — —- = — = = — 1,007,101 440,955 — 1,448,056 1897 | — —- |, = — — — — 869,342 493,470 — 1,362,812 1898 | — —- = a = = — 607,329 660,609 — 1,267,938 1899 | — — | =— — = — — 515,449 807,160 — 1,322,609 1900 | — — bos — = = = 379,299 | 877,853); — 1,257,152 1901 | — — | — — — = — 333,859.) 1,079,526 — 1,413,385 1902 | — —- | = — — = — 329,369 | 1,233,557 _ 1,562,926 1903 | — — — — — — — 345,812 | 1,322,463 — 1,668,275 1904 | 436 | 20,746 | 21,182 | *11,305] 171 | 24,896 | 25,067 411,808 | 1,504,427; — 1,916,235 1905 | 373) 17,943 | 18,316 | $13,479] 236 | 33,334 | 33,570 399,063 | 1,540,290; — 1,939,353 1906 | 472 | 20,196 | 20,668 | 14,920} 147 | 25,130 | 25,277 389,832 | 1,653,077 | 4,278 | 2,047,187 1907 | 555 | 23,490 | 24,045 | 16,365 71 | 15,264 | 15,335 344,019 | 1,826,980 | 3,838 2,174,837 1908 | 709 | 20,518 | 21,227 | 19,992} 157 | 17,840 | 17,997 404,259 | 1,870,707 | 11,342 | 2,286,308 Pm Je ee US ee eS Se *Includes 2 cwt. Monks caught by line in 1904. t 1 5, 1905. ” ”» ” ” ” ” L 158 Part ITT.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report TURBOT HAisut LEMON SOLES FLOUNDERS Year [Line |Trawl| Total} Line | Trawl | Total }|Line| Trawl |Net| Total } Line | Trawl| Net | Total 1888 | — — — =F a — — — — = — _ = | = 1889 | — — | 5,764 -- —- 7,505 | — — — | 18,127 -- os —_— 58,338 1890 | — — | 4,639 = | = 10,406 | — — — | 16,382 — _- — |. 65564 1891 | — — | 4,895 — — 7,850 | — — — | 17,570 — = _— 64,929 1892 | 230 | 3,588 | 3,818 | 17,242 131 | 17,373 | 101 | 23,156 | — | 23,257 | 16,322 | 39,738 | — 56,060 1893 | 180 | 3,494 | 3,674] 17,713 556 | 18,269 | 131 | 17,018 | — | 17,149 4 16,309 | 45,744 | — 62,053 1894 | 217 | 2,463 | 2,680} 19,972 636 | 20,608 f 107 | 17,656 | — | 17,763 } 20,144 | 46,711 |} — 66,855 1895 81 | 3,047 | 3,128} 19,389 833 | 20,222 | 108 | 19,061 | — | 19,169] 18,490 | 47,031 | — 65,521 1896 | 112 | 4,737 | 4,849] 24,516 839 | 25,355 | 87 | 18,358 | — | 18,445 | 12,427 | 54,1382 | — 66,559 1897 99 | 4,322 | 4,421 | 22,066 1,278 | 23,344 67 | 13,011 | — | 18,078 | 14,231 | 41,531 |} — 55,762 1898 56 | 5,587 | 5,643 | 17,480 1,520 ; 19,000 60 | 17,481 | — | 17,541 | 14,681 | 44,595 | — 59,276 1899 | 127 | 5,988 | 6,115} 14,686 2,746 | 17,432 42 | 22,954 | — | 22,996 | 19,439 | 62,210 | — 81,649 1900 | 40 | 5,003} 5,043} 16,850 | 4,837 | 21,687 | 23 | 20,516) — | 20,539 } 17,423 | 74,633 | — 92,056 1901 61 | 5,081 | 5,142] 23,712 6,665 | -30,377 40 | 22,384 | — | 22,424] 18,202 | 93,868 |, — | 112,070 1902 37 | 5,385 | 5,422 | 19,297 6,706 | 26,003 65 | 25,090 | — | 25,155] 17,432 | 79,109 | — 96,541 1903 | 23 | 8,692] 8,715] 19,951 7,399 | 27,350 | 139 | 26,381 | — | 26,520] 15,007 | 86,703 | — | 101,710 1904 39 | 6,539 | 6,578 | 26,968 | 10,641 | 37,609 | 157 | 26,347 | — | 26,504}. 9,816) 5,483) — 15,249 1905 6 | 6,212 | 6,218} 20,824 | 11,061 | 31,885 } 135 | 30,678 | — | 30,8138} 6,894) 4,673}; — 11,567 @ 1906 5 | 5,459 | 5,464] 21,489 | 12,679 | 34,168 } 140 | 32.568] 81 | 32,789) 4,193| 5,143] 1,575| 10,911 1907 19 | 5,989 | 6,008} 26,264 | 13,060 | 39,324 | 176 | 32,704] 76 | 32,956] 5,767] 2,810/1,031; 9,608 1908 6 | 5,871 | 5,877 | 40,152 9,206 | 49,358 | 257 | 33,753 130 | 34,140] 6,132] 1,686 946 8,764 ‘¢ Flounder” includes Plaice and Brill to 1904, nm nD a) = PLAICE fc t Dazs 5 ie Toran Frar Fisk fa a 8 a Year| Line | Trawl} Net | Total j)Trawl] Line |Trawl| Total | Trawl | Trawl] Line | Trawl |Net| Total 1888 _ — — — — — = — — -- — -- -- 1889 — — _ _ -- — = == — — == -- —— | 84,734 1890 —_ —_ — — _— — — — — —_ -- a= — | 96,992 1891 — — — — — — — = — — -= -- —— | 94,745 1892 | — — -— — — — — = — — |33,895| 66,614} —- | 100,509 1893 — _ — — — _ _ — 34,333 | 66,812 | — | 101,145 1894 — — | — _— — — — | =— — — |40,440] 67,466) — | 107,906 1895 — — — = — — — | — — — |38,068} 69,972 | —- | 108,040 1896 — _ — — — — — 37,142 | 78,066 | — | 115,208 1897 — — — — _ — —— |36,464] 60,142 | — | 96,606 1898 -- _— — — oe -- | 32,277] 69,183 | — | 101,460 1899 -—— et | — — — — — —— | 34,294] 93,898 | — | 128,192 — 1900 — — — — _— —— | 34,336 | 104,989 | — | 139,325 — 1901 — | — — — — 42,015 | 127,998 | -—— | 170,013 1902 | — snes — Sy [paral ar = — {36,831 | 116,290 | — | 153,121 1903 | - — — _- _ — — | 35,120 | 129,175 | —- | 164,295 1904. | 10,745 | 51,820} — _ | 62,565 }*1,408] 1,848 | 4,442 | 6,290 } 23,891 | 10,331 | 49,594 | 140,831 | —— | 190,425 1905 | 7,355 | 43,741 | — | 51,096} 1,004] 1,747 | 4,391 | 6,138 } 21,242 | 11,610 | 36,961 | 134,612 | — 171,573 | 1906 | 6,218 | 47,539 | 1,164 | 54,921 | 1,029 | 2,314 | 3,802 | 6,127 | 16,669 | 10,697 } 34,359 | 185,585 |2831) 172,775 1907 | 7,065 | 41,873! 949) 49,887] 704] 2,553 | 5,922 | 8,475 117,167 | 12,640 | 41,844 | 132,869 |2056| 176.769 1908 | 8,787 | 35,718 | 91 | 44,596 | +701 | 3,066 | 7,203 | 10,274 } 19,679 | 12,311 | 58,413 | 126,115 1172] 185,700 se * 21 ewt. Brill, value £8, caught by line in 1904. | 13 ewt. Brill, value £11, caught by line in 1908. HOU aa IDES Seg | 25) a's MetamplQUGs' 55, J RDS, Sy. pees 3 net in 1908. heyiee** Year| Line | Trawl| Net | Total |} Line | Trawl| Net | Total Net. Total 1888 — — — = —_— = — = == = 1889 — — — |30,199} — — — | 65,783 — |4,200,687 1890 — — — | 35,281 _ —_ — | 86,703 _ 4,013,621 1891 — —_ — | 32,506 — — — | 84,347 “= — 3,270,877 1892 | 30,847 | 6,005) — | 386,852] 44,475 | 41,256) — | 85,731} 913,205 5, 2,626,572 |3,914,820 1893 | 33,5389} 5,363) — | 38,902 } 33,193 | 39,418 | 1,511 | 74,122] 812,306 |. 421,410 13,218,577 |4,452,293 1894 | 25,999} 5,181} — _ | 31,180 } 23,441 | 22,768 | 1,118 | 47,3271 923,930] 437,815 |2,844,462 |4,206,207 1895 | 29,020) 4,882) — | 33,902]17,910) 17,713} — | 35,623 1,045,348 | 526,186 2,734,461 |4,305,995 1896 | 37,253 | 6,793) — _ | 44,046 } 16,238 | 19,8389 | — | 36,077 [1,097,736 | 545,652 |2,863,787 |4,507,175 1897 | 40,296 | 7,327) — | 47,623] 13,465 | 22,274) — | 35,739} 959,567 | 583,213 |1,526,244 |3,069,024 1898 | 37,563 | 11,092 | — | 48,655] 9,526 | 37,847) — | 47,373] 686,695 | 778,731 |3,054,644 |4,520,070 1899 | 38,518 | 16,784 — | 55,302} 5,561 | 53,3868} — | 58,929] 593,822 | 971,210 |1,532,873 |3,097,905 | 1900 | 30,627 | 20,788} — | 51,415] 4,214) 55,531) — |59,7454 448,476 |1,059,161 |1,538,014 |3,045,651 1901 | 34,306 | 25,639} — | 59,9454 3,488 | 77,744) — | 81,182] 413,618 |1,310,907 |1,943,524 |3,668,049 1902 | 35,779 | 27,850; — | 63,129} 3,051 | 68,310; — | 71,361} 405,030 |1,445,507 |2,770,577 |4,621,114 1903 | 28,541 | 33,342; — | 61,883] 2,566/58.699| — | 61.265} 412,039 |1,543,679 12,443,022 |4,398,740 1904 | 39,413 | 36,693 | — 76, 106 822) 1,910); — 2,732 4 501,637 |1,683,861 |2,777,807 4,963,305 1905 | 40,249 | 37,794 | — | 78,043 592) 2,719; — 3,311 476,865 1,715,415 |2,331,914 |4,524,194 1906 | 34,626 | 40,707 | 235 | 75.568 240} 3,530 11 | 3,781} 459,057 |1,834,388 |2,708,876 |5,002, 321 1907 | 32,481 | 39,176 64 | 71,721 7,14¢ 5 418,579 |2,010,627 |3,812,965 6,242,171 1908 | 49,110 | 42,901 33 | 92,044 512,178 |2,051,586 |2,906,261 3) 5,470,025 2. Orkney and Shetland. a 3g Cop AND CODLING Line | Tusk SAITHE fa Ss) TOTAL lon = PELAGIC | FisH Year Net Net Line | Trawl | Total | Line { Line} Line /|Trawl| Total IS) = a Sar = ae = sed = = ra 1889 189,591 EIT = | 183,056 153,114} 9,702] — |«— | 27,877 1890 | 335,632 335,632 — — | 106,874 | 48,964 } 6,033 — — | 44,483 1891 | 361,459 361,477 — — | 150,485 | 57,051] 5,465] — — | 26,700 1892 | 163,075 163,075 | 112,063 | — | 112,063 | 23,715 f 3,511 | 26,450 | — | 26,450 1893 | 334,918 334,919} 95,013} — | 95,013 | 47,037 | 7,092 | 29,734] — | 29,734 1894 | 842,960 842,970 | 101,848 | 4,530 | 106,378 } 50,200 | 5,970} 52,757 | — | 52,757 1895 | 663,225 663,225 | 79,464 127 79,591 | 47,732 { 6,968 | 30,858 | — _ | 30,858 1896 | 540,880 541,000 } 127,542 | 2,439 | 129,981 } 41,999 | 6,585 | 40,148 | — | 40,148 1897 | 658,429 658,749 | 103,089 ,763 | 107,852 | 30,892 } 4,131 | 20,3892 | — | 20,392 1898 | 782,144 782,181 | 62,899] — | 62,899] 23,862] 4,249 | 24,784| — | 24,784 1899 | 929,346 929,733 | 37,859] 9,186 | 47,045 | 30,125 } 5,572 | 26,277 | — | 26,277 1900 1,155,826 1,156,107 | 46,397 | 12,592 | 58,989 | 26,453 | 4,099 | 20,704 | 439 | 21,143 1901 1,701,878} 146 ]1,702,024} 43,918 | 13,560 57,478 | 21,998 | 6,391 21,069 | 125 } 21,194 1902 11,199,424 70 11,199,494 | 33,482 | 19,566 | 52,998, 8,927} 2,805]16,591 | — | 16,591 1903 1,185,131 48 $1,185,179 | 33,064 | 16,400 | 49,464) 4,93592,138]16,818) — | 16,818 1904 2,045,613] 46 2,045,659} 46,120] 16,494 62,614] 3,253 91,326 113,758 | — | 18,758 1905 2,409,862] 65 D409, 927} 41.420 | 20,379 61,799} 8,511} 3,963 } 16,501 | 620 17,121 1906 1,734,351 700 L 735, O51] 45,431 | 29,522 74,953] 3,191}1,318} 6,403 | 252 6,655 1907 (1,782 023 } 151 }1,782,17 28,560 | 23,446 | 52,006] 1,373 836] 3,629 | 434 4,063 1908 1,994,202 | 344 1,994,546] 69 804 | 21, 338 | 91,232] 8,370] 2,822] 6,631| 396 | 7,027 SKATES AND Rays of the Fishery Board for Scotland. UNCLASSIFIED 402 9 b] Tusk, Ar ” ee £3, A £259, a5 9 ” 99 9 9 9 1906 1908 Er 1906 1908 73 329 ewt. of Ling, value £128, caught by trawl in ice (included in line). £153 159 ToraL WHITE FIsH 160 Part III.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report Torat Rounp FisH 5 . = HappockEs * FLOUNDERS WHITING Concer HELs HaALisur | Lemon SOLES Year| Line /Trawl} Total | Line Line {LineLine} Line | Trawl| Total [Line] Line Line} Line 1888 _ _— _ — j-—|J—-— — _ _ —f — }-|} — 1889 “= — 131] 64 | — 47 — — — | 259,424] 5 | 9,905} — }1,121 1890 — — 60 | 270 | — | — —_— — | 239,310] 50 {6,696} — | 305 1891 — — — | 236 | —jJ— = — | 261,477) 45 47,3154 — | 309 1892 | 39,203} — 25 50 — } — | 205,017 — 205,017 | 12 | 4,365 | — 321 1893 | 30,071) — 4] 82 | — | — | 209,033; — _ | 209,033} — }9,478} — 4 117 1894 | 27,058 | — 38 | 23 | — |] — | 237,894] 4,530] 242,424] 118,853) —] 145 1895 | 36,788 | — 10 15 — | — | 201,835 127 | 201,962 | — | 6,757 | — 58 1896 | 30,663] 200 | 119} 39 | — | — J 247,095 | 2,639 | 249,734} 2 45,763) —— 285 1897 | 34,096 | 190 | 145 | 29 | — | — | 192,774| 4,953) 197,727} 144,110} —J} 409 1898 | 28,644} — 157] 18 |} —i — 4 144,613; — | 144,613] — 13,1364 — | 169 1899 | 30280] — 342} 49 # — | — 1 130,504] 9,186] 139,690} 242,629) — | 262 1900 | 28,311 | 530 387 15 — | — | 126,035 | 13,892 | 139,927 | 24 | 2,220] 144 270 1901 | 26,358] 78 233 | — 9 — | — 1 119,565 | 14,165 133,720] 23,054)" 1 1o7 1902 | 19,800} — 333 1 | — f — {81,889 | 19,566 | 101,4554 111,149 — | 293 1903 | 23,706} — 126 1 | —— —{ 80,788] 16,400| 97,188] —} 6934 4 4 312: 1904 | 28,955} —_ 410 3 710] 24 93,837 | 16,494]110,331f 191,110} — } 359 1905 | 28,782} 140 | 577 a 10 } 30 § 99,801 | 21,139 | 120,940} 11 J 1.6274 3 215 1906 | 22,745 76 | 731 2 5 3] 79,814 | 29,865 | 109,679] 341,198) 2 181 1907 | 27,596} — | 1,191} — § — I —} 63,185 | 23,880] 87,0654 2 335" — | 125 1908 | 26,771); — 1,354] — 8 § 18 | 115,045 | 22,552 | 137,597} — J 1,17649 1 70 * Includes Plaice and Brill to 1904. 2 ewt. Whiting, value £1, caught by trawl in 1900 (included in line). 8 ” Catfish, ” £A, ” ” 1908 ” ” 202 turbot, o eeGO, 3 Ms 1900 . we Gees Halibut, 255K), 1900 11 ,, Lemon Soles, value £22, caught by "trawl i in hee (included i in line). 58 ,, Flounders, 45 | ees), a 3 1900 Pr Pp a 4 a = 5 z eB = QD at R -- — -- — -- | 20,329 1890 |} — — — — || 8) = |e -- -—- -- -- — | 19,702 1891 | — — — =| = | -~ -- — -- -- | 18,282 1892 | — _ — —; -|—- — —- | 18,871 |5.014} — | 18,885 1893 | — _— — = | — | — |= — — 18,221 | 4,212; — | 17,433 1894 | — — — = f=) =|] = —- —- 412,344) 4,416} — | 16,760 1895 | — — — — j-—-]|] —|— -- —- $11,789 | 4,955} -- | 16,744 1896 | — — — — j—] — |= —_ —— {14,974/5,790| — | 20,764 1897 | — —— — — =| =| — —- —— {13,658 | 4,232} -—- | 17,890 1898 | — — — == —}|-—- -- —- [138,019] 3,869] — | 16,888 1899 | — — — — f—-| —-|— — — | 10,744/ 3,353} — | 14,097 1900} — — — — f--| --|— -- — 8.599 | 3,645 | — | 12,244 1901 |} — — — — F-| — — — 9,308 | 3,737} -- | 13,045 1902 | — _ -~ — |-| —|— — — 8,103 | 2,699} — | 10,802 1903 | — — -- — J—-}] -|— — — 8,283 | 2,568} — | 10,851 1904 | 2,531|1,354| — |3,885} 5/ —|— B) ——- {11,959)1,746} —- | 13,705 1905 | 3,467 | 1,666; — |5,1383f12; — | — 1,415 50 | 10,306 | 4,545) — | 14,851 1906 | 1,108 | 1,412 | 1,354 | 3,874} 2) —| 7 38 11 | 5,872 | 1,911) 1,887] 9,670 1907 | 1,159 | 1,514 | 2,098 | 4,771} — | 11] 6 402 596 | 6,768 | 3,633 | 2,772 | 13,173 1908 | 1,566 | 1,403 | 1,797 | 4,766 | — 4\ 6 229 442 | 7,054 | 2,728 | 2,987 | 12,769 2 ewt. Dabs, value £2, caught by net in 1906. 4 ,, Witches, ,, £4, » 99 99 9 1906 (ineluded in trawl). 164 Part ILI —Twenty-seventh Annual Report SKATES AND Rays UNCLASSIFIED ToraLt WHITE FISH Year} Line | Trawl|} Net | Total | Line | Trawl| Net | Total Line Trawl Net Total 1888 — -- — —- —- -- -- -- a= -- -- — 1889 -- -- —— | 13,738 -- -- — 7,886 - —- | = 908,481 1890 — -- —— | 13,891 — a -- 4,649 — — -- 1,256,414 1891 — -- -—— !11,022 — —- — 6,330 -- -- -- 1,512,898 1892 | 13,402 15 — | 13,417 713,329; —- —— | 18,329 | 261,407 5,062 | 875,124 | 1,141,593 1893 | 15,669 20 —— | 15,689 $10,295; — 376 | 10,671 | 255,302 | 4,277 | 934,578 | 1,194,157 1894 | 14,033 597 — | 14,6380] 5,336} 114 198 | 5,648 | 209,836 | 6,024 | 665,513 881,373 1895 | 20,893 26 — | 20,919] 6,392 18 134 | 6,544} 219,898 | 5,382 | 694,818 920,093 1896 | 14,817 3 — | 14,820} 6,155 2 -- 6,157 | 231,009 | 6,451 | 598,004 835,464 1897 | 15,532 108 — | 15,6404 6,163 3 -- 6,166 | 249,939 | 5,179 | 807,096 | 1,062,214 1898 | 22,895 131 — | 23,0269 7.185} —— 101 7,286 | 217,414 | 4,705 | 878,513 | 1,100,632 1899 | 25,525) — — | 25,525] 6,368} —- —- 6,368 | 206,908 | 3,417 | 759,295 969,620 1900 | 19,269 20 —— | 19,2897 4,109 23 -- 4,132 | 176,648 | 3,918 | 840,646 | 1,021,212 1901 | 19,646) — —— |19,646] 4,715; —- — 4,715 | 153,047 | 3,776 | 714,755 871,578 1902 | 13,599 14 — | 13,613} 3,253) -- -- 3,258 | 115,405 | 2,757 | 819,377 937,539 1903 | 8,107; — -— 8,107 | 3,692; —- — | 3,692] 105,219 | 6,291 | 721,634 833, 144 1904. | 17,738 85 — |17,823] 2,265) —- goa. 2,265 | 153,861 | 3,213 | 664,990 822,064 1905 | 19,573 521 — |20,094) 2,090} — —— | 2,090} 152,299 | 6,884 | 633,384 792,567 1906 | 20,055 471 | 301 | 20,827] 2,731 -— -- | 2,731] 144,515 | 3.506 | 590,868 738,889 1907 | 15,409 | 1,164 | 560 | 17,133] 1,740 58 -—- | 1,798} 131,336 | 42,318 | 788,350 962,004 1908 | 28,809 | 1,049 | 124 | 29,982] 1,788 60 -- 1,848 | 157,752 | 37,709 | 842,031 | 1,037,492 4.—All Coasts. HERRING SPRATS MACKEREL Torat Prnacic FIsuH. Year } Trawl Net Total Net § Net {Trawl| Net | Total | Trawl Net Total 1888 —— |2,741,871 415,085) —- — —- 598 _— —— —_ |2,757,054 1889 -—— |3,718,505} 4,371) —- -- - 664 -- -—- |8,723,540 1890 —- {3,980,363} 14,077) 247) — — 938 -- — |8,995,625 1891 —— 3,539,623] 5,879 2327 — -- 1,734 -- — |3,546,968 1892 3,655,116 |3,655,116 § 5,908} 276) -- 3,471 | 3,471 —- |3,664,771 |3,664,771 1893 4,424,591 |4,424,591 | 58,3194 376) —- 2,901} 2,901 -- [4,486,187 |4,486, 187 1894 4,333,925 |4,333,925 114,877} 391 | — 2,485 | | 2,435 — {4,351,629 |4,351,629 1895 4,077,466 |4,077,466 | 12,842} 332 7 — 120) P1729 —— {4,092,365 |4,092,365 1896 3,960,281 |3,960,281 | 37,746} 523) —— 4,241| 4,241 --- 14,002,791 |4,002,791 1897 2,965,965 |2,965,965 | 20,950} 408} —- 4,767 | 4,767 —- {2,992,090 |2,992,090 1898 4,703,641 |4,703,641}] 5.939% 311] — 5,346} 5,346 — [4,715,237 |4,715,237 1899 3,207,078 |3,207,078 # 8,923} 394) — 5,506 | 5,506 —— {3,221,901 |3,221,901 1900 3,520,216 |3,520,216 | 7,349) 329] —- 6,873 | 6,873 -- |8,534,767 |8,534, 767 1901 4,338,635 |4,338,635 | 14,904} 3867 — 6,378 | 6,378 —— [4,360,303 |4,360,303 1902 4,758,944 |4,753,944 | 29,064) 273 | -- 6,167 | 6,167 —— |4,789,448 |4,789,448 1903 4 279,485 |4,279,485 | 60,438 | 231} — 9,681 | 9,681 -- [4,349,835 |4,349, 835 1904. 5,482,494 |5,432,494 | 39,124) 345 7 -- | 16,493] 16,493 -- 15,488,456 |5,488,456 1905 5,342,777 |5,3842,777 112,130) 5774 -- | 19,741 | 19,741 —- [5,375,225 |5,875,225 1906 4,978,661 |4,979,848 | 5,532] 271 1,033 | 29,536 | 30,569} 2,220 |5,014,000 |5,016,220 1907 6,295,553 |6,313,247 | 33,284] 259 71 | 33,397 | 34,327 | 18,365 |6,362,493 |6,381,117 1908 5,669,473 |5,690,114 } 11,695} 183 410 | 25,558 | 26,165 | 21,051 |5,706,909 |5,728, 157 259 ewt. Mackerel, value £133, caught by line in 1907. 197 £11 1908. ” 99 9 ’ ” bP) of the Fishery Bowrd for Scotland. 165 Cop AND CoDLING Year| Line |Trawl | Net | Total 1889} — == 1891} — 1892)427,431 39,5 576 1893)/373,170| 52,981 1894/369,945| 77,821 1895 374,913 84,424 1896/465,329| 109,746 1897/461,339)129, 425 1898/390,589}165, 716 1899)321,669}192,851 1900/242, 820/191,318 ijl edict sal! PSP Sjlatl 2 ? 1901)/229,014/216,667| —— |445,681[109,377/47,787 75, 400/43, 014 51,466/41,204 87,366/44.221 92,729|58,208 71,647/59,810 61, 132/81,173 121, 245/89, 646 1902}200, 111/286,284| -- 1903/194,064/330,996) -- |525,06 1904/249,230/397,052) —- |646,282 1905}249,080/427,850| -- |676,930 1906 219, 070)492,093) 9,108)720,271 1907 192, 775 494, 187) 8,760|695, 722 1908/249, 265/544, 645|23, 390|817,30 Happock Year} Line Trawl Total 1888 -— —_ §20,498 1889 —_ — 792,130 1890 —— — 753,654 1891 _— — 726,287 1892 | 512,777 | 210,008 | 722,785 1893 | 443,011] 241,772 | 684,783 1894 | 553,011 | 259,403] 812,414 1895 | 663.548 | 337,792 |1,001,340 1896 | 670,685 | 319,513} 990,198 1897 | 515,927 | 350,387| 866,314 1898 | 287,120] 461,518] 748,638 1899 | 225,004} 559,894! 784,898 1900 | 162,535 | 598,778) 761,313 1901 | 124,563 | 706,508) 831,071 1902 | 132,841 | 767,168 900, 009 1903 | 176,973 | 827,169 |1,004,142 1904 | 191,967 | 837,687 |1, 029, 654 1905 | 164,437 767,247 931,684 1906 | 205,923 | 868,347 |1,074,515 1907 | 188,147 |1,004,352 1,192,586 1908 | 157,794 | 993,486 /1,151,342 Line 41,846 26,465 36,827 37,865 36,784 27,510 23,635 27,546 29,405 24,497 23,996 27,078 27,814 29,670 27,416 16,695 26,811 LING Line |Trawl 131,457} 9,127 142,313} 7,992|2066|10,058] 28,575)102, 811 210,891)}15,470|1835)17,305} 40,850 WHITING Trawl 120,929 Total 147,740 1847/10, 974) 35,797 . Ling, value £4, caught by net in 1907. Tusk SAITHE Total | Line g Total] Line | Trawl | Net} Total BE eee 99,722} — | -—— | 8,727] — — | — {105,573 134,481} —- | — |11,483) — -- | — | 84,472 169,646] —- | — | 8,580) — — | — {121,962 180,089} — | — | 7.6244 — — | — {101,428 153.341] 5,886) —- | 5,886} 79,606) 1,664 — |} 81,270 191,842111,963] — |11,963} 79,761; 3,054] — | 82,815 170,428} 8,464) — | 8,4641101,492) 1,741) —- |103,233 164.792 10,404 — |10,404) 81,946) 1,499) — | 83,445 129,576}10, 294) —— |10,2941128,344| 1,787) — |130,131 25|160,090 8,136} -- | 8,1361 93,750) 4,271) —— | 98,021 111,634} 8,808) —— | 8,808}100.512| 7,142) —— |107,654 2/142,411}11,016) — {11,016} 91,711) 9,880) -— |101,591 156, 923}]10,021) —— |10,021) 71,860) 17,999} — | 89,859 157,164}14,619) —— |14,619} 54,701) 23,800) — | 78,501 118,414111,359} —— |11,359} 46,418] 31,163) -- | 77,581 92,670} 8,423/1453| 9,876) 44,553) 39,098) -- | 83,651 131,587}11,145]1366)12,5111 43,597] 51,236) — | 94,833 150, 937114,367|1813/16, 180} 49,144] 80,073} —— |129,217 73,727/5841/115,365 6527|137,913 94, 826|7873|143,549 ConcGER EELS Line ae Total oot) 1h 846 11,538} 80 | 11,618 14,798 | 63 | 14,861 13,878 | 135 | 14,013 14,249] 95 | 14,344 15,712 | 153 | 15,865 15,775 | 160 | 15,935 14,832] 61 | 14,893 15,339} 100 | 15,439 14,632! 81 | 14,713 16,031 | 126 | 16,157 11,583 | 404 | 11,987 9,180) 369 | 9,549 15,328} 250 | 15,578 17,831 | 594 | 18,425 14,885 | 320 | 15,299 17,195 | 603 | 17,824 25,744| 711 | 26,493 GURNARDS Line /Trawl/| Total 1,671 Lizz 960 1,190 1,155 245 ewt. Haddock, value £229, caught by net in 1906. 29 198 Whiting, } GaP ai@oneenhcles ” by ” ” ” £63, ” ” 1 907. £26, 5 oy 1908. £76, +5 3 1906. £24, of $5 1907. elGY eA 1906. £57, re a 1907. £82, 45 oA 1908. 166 Part III —Twenty-seventh Annual Report CATFISH Monks HakeE ToraL Rounp FisH Year | Line | Trawl] | Total | Trawl } Line | Trawl |Net| Total Line Trawl Net Total NSSS jro= i} 2 at fe SS fe ue ES — 4 i5enbes 1889 | —-- -- -- —- -- — — | — — — — 1,612,153 1890 | — — — -- -- -- — | — — — — 1,592,382 1891 | — — — -- -- —- -—- | — -- — — 1,612,527 1892 | — == el == -- — — —}| —- 1,229,809 | 261,200 —— 1,491,009 1893 | — -- —- — = — |—} — 1,136,390 | 309,862 = 1,446,252 1894 | — -- —- -- -- a 1,250,066 347,828 —_ 1,597,892 1895 | — — -- -- -- — —] 1,343,009 | 434,129 — 1,777,138 1896 | —- — — — -- — — | — 1,449,259 | 444,250 — 1,893,509 1897 | — -- — — -- -- —} — 1,276,702 | 499,259 = 1,775,961 1898 | — — == — -— -- -—| — 926, 257 661,314 -- 1,587,571 1899 | — = = -- —- — —| — 810,224 | 816,410 = 1,626,634 1900 | — — = — -- a 650,005 891,975 — 1,541,981 1901 } — = = -- — — —}| — 572,802 | 1,093,730 — 1,666,532 1902 | — See a —- -- — —}| — 501,708 | 1,253,167 -- 1,754,875 1903 | —- — == — == — j|-]| — 511,787 | 1,342,586 — 1,854,323 1904 | 450 | 20,746 | 21,196} 11,305} 328 ‘24.896 | — | 25,224 628,898 | 1,520,949 -- 2,149,847 1905 | 383 | 17,943 | 18,3264113,488] 375 | 33,845 | —- | 34,220] 619,194 | 1,563,247 -- 2,182,441 1906 | 477 | 20,196 | 20,673} 14,920} 201 | 25,130| 44] 25,375} 585,503 | 1,683,335 | 15,580 | 2,284,368 1907 | 580 | 23,502 | 24,082 § 16,3879} 142 | 16,805 | 107 | 17,054 514,423 | 1,874,411 | 15,539 | 2,404,373 1908 | 758 | 20,527 | 21,2851 19,995 | 241 | 18,149 | 250) 18,640 639,333 | 1,910,038 | 31,613 | 2,580,984 TURBOT HaLipurT Lemon SOLES FLOUNDERS Year | Line |Trawl| Net | Total} Line | Trawl | Total [Line | Trawl Line | Trawl| Net | Total 1888 | — -- —- | 5,424 — — | 20,197 — -- —— | *87,184 1889 | — — —— | 6,238 -- — | 21,094 -- — -- 74,270 1890 | — -- — | 5,554 — —— | 20,232 — -- -- 81,309 1891 -- —- — | 5,015 ae — | 19,165 -- -- — 78,776 1892 | 1,010 | 3,588) —— | 4,598 4 25,148 131 | 25,279 26,112 | 44,753 | — 70,865 1893 | 646] 3,494] — | 4,140} 30,708 556 | 31,264 25,551 | 49,950) — 75,501 1894 | 636/2,498) — | 3,134} 30,82 644 | 31,471 30,130 | 51,049 | — 81,179. 1895 510 | 3,054) —— | 3,564} 28,118 833 | 28,951 27,825 | 51,909| — 79,734 1896 | 6541/1 4,737 | -- | 5,391 | 32,289 839 | 33,128 25,012 | 59,882 | — 84,894 1897 | 653) 4,327) —— | 4,980} 28,839} 1,278 | 30,117 24,985 | 45,726| — 70,711 1898 | 639) 5,588} — | 6,227} 23,033) 1,520 | 24,553 24,667 | 48,458 | — 73,125 1899 968 | 5,988 | —— | 6,956 f 20,033 | 2,746 | 22,779 26,854 | 65,563 | — 92,417 1900 | 547) 5,024} —— | 5,571} 20,830] 4,853 | 25,683 23,888 | 78,333 | -- | 102,221 1901 442 15,081] — | 5,523] 29,464 | 6,665 | 36,129 24,594 | 97,605} — | 122,199 1902 | 275|5,385| -- | 5,660} 22,077 | 6,706 | 28,783 23,856 | 81,796) -- | 105,652 1903 303 | 8,692 | — | 8,995} 21,493 | 7,399 | 28,892 22,386 | 89,271} -- | 111,657 1904 | 353) 6,539) — | 6,892 } 30,744 | 10,641 | 41,385 14,738] 7,165) —— 21,903 1905 | 235|6,240| —— | 6,475 | 24,493 | 11,070 | 35,563 11,268} 6,038} -- 17,306 1906 131 | 5,465 | 103 | 5,699 } 23,991 | 12,695 | 36,686 7,402| 5,569] 1,982} 14,953 1907 | 258|6,103| 93 | 6,454 27,906 | 13,199 | 41,105 9,836 | 3,266] 1,606} 14,708 1908 159 | 5,961} 89 | 6,209} 43,089 | 9,340 | 52,429 9,720] 2,007 | 2,037} 13,764 * Includes Plaice and Brill to 1904. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 16 7 n g B S| PLAICE Dazs 3 a Toran Friar Fis = | = = — a T= — = = A = S = qo Z S 1888} — —-— |— —- |}; —- -- — | — 125,474 1889} — —_— | — — | — -- — | —- {116,094 1890) — — | —- — | — —— | — {123,746 1891; — — |—- — | — — -—— | — {120,696 1892} — — | — —-|— — 52,464) 71,629) — 124,093 1893; — — - | — -- 7,149) 71,025} -- |128,174 1894; — — | - — | —- 61,784) 71,882) -- |133,666 1895} — = | —— | -- — 6,672) 74,927; — |131,599 1896) -- — | — — | — -~ 8,166) 83,856 142,022 1897} -- — | — —-) = -- 54,641) 64,374) —— |119,015 1898) — — | - — | — -- 48,601) 73,052) —- |121,653 1899} — — |— —|—- — 47,931) 97,251) -- |145,182 1900) — —- |— — | — -- 5,358|108, 739) -- |154,097 1901; — — | —- — | —- -- 77|131,735| —- |186,312 1902) — —- | -- — | = —- »877|118, 989} — |165,366 1903) -- -- -- 44,412)131,743) — |176,155 1904/13,305|53, 174 —- 444g] 6, 828 23, 903 10,331461,836)143,931| — |205,767 1905 10, 842/45, 407 4,403 6, 62122, 65711, 660 49, 240 139,157} — |188,397 1906 7,361 48,951 2,518 5 3,802 6,478 16, 707410, 708}41, 713]137,496)4, 718|183, 927 1907| 8, 266/43, 387|3,047|5 6,226] 8,998]17,569}13, 236149, 215|136,502|4, 828)190,545 1908)10, 403)37, 121/1,888)¢ 7,247 10, 503419, 908 12,753 66, 913 128,843/4, 159}199,915 7 ewt. of Brill, value £9, caught by net in 1906 oe ” taf ee LOs ess . Onis > nee peel hes rr) 1908. TS 7% Dabsyaes, ed, oh i 1906. by LO: 1908. 10", Witches, value £5, caught by line in 1904 (included in trawl). 4 ,, 5s as £4, landed by net in 1906 ( - sr ). | SKATES AND Rays UNCLASSIFIED KINDS GrRanp TotTat Waits FisH ' | | Year Line | Trawl |Net| Total | Line | Trawl; Net | Total | Line Trawl | Net Total 1888 — — |— 59,089 -- —- — | 104,414 — | — | —- [4,633,556 1889 — — |— 50.087 — — -- 87,363 -- —- -- {5,589,237 1890 — — |—) 58,764 - a — 98,971 -- —- | —— |5,864,488 1891; — — |-— 47,076 -- —- —— | 106,937 -- — |5,433,754 1892 | 47,764| 6,020} — | 53,784] 57,809 | 41,256 | 3,415 | 102,480 j1, 387,¢ 847 | 380,105 |3,668,186 |5,436, 138 1893 | 52,626 | 5,383} — | 58,009 | 46,461 | 39,418 | 3,517 | 89,396 i 292, 626 | 425,688 4,489,704 |6,208,018 1894 | 43,461 | 5,778 | 49,239 } 32,149 | 22,882 | 1,316 | 56,347 1,387,461 | 448, 369 |4,352,945 |6,188,775 1895 | 54,338} 4,908 | 59,246 | 25,632 | 17,731 | 3,330 | 46,693 }1,479, 654 | 531,695 |4,095,695 |6, 107,044 1896 | 54,9386} 6,796} — 61,732 26, 842 | 19,841 | —— 46,683 1,589,204 | 554,743 |4,002,791 |6,146,738 1897 | 58,316} 7,485) -—— | 65,751 26, 578 | 22,277 | — 48,855 $1,416,237 , 593,345 |2,992,090 |5,001,672 1898 | 62,954 | 11,223} — | 74,177 21,181 37,847 | 101] 59,129 71,058,993 783,437 |4,715,338 |6,557, 768 1899 | 66,430 | 16,784; — | 83,214] 14,777 | 53,368 — 68,145} 939,362 983,818 |3,221,901 |5,145,076 1900 | 51,677 | 20,811 | — | 72,488 | 10,376 | 55,557 | -- 65,933 | 757,416 1,077,082 |3,534,767 |5,369,265 1901 | 56,193 | 25,639 | — | 81,832] 12,447 | 77,744| — 90,191 | 696,019 '1,328,848 |4,360,303 |6,385,170 1902 | 50,870 | 27,364| — 78,234] 9,795 | 68,310} — 78,105 | 608,750 '1,467,830 |4,789,448 |6,866,028 1903 | 37,647 | 33,342 | — | 70,989 8, 807 | 58,699 | —- 67,506 } 602,603 (1, 566,370 |4,349,835 |6,518,808 1904 | 58,375 | 36,778 | — | 95,153] 4,631} 1,910) —- 6,541 | 753,740 11,703, 568 |5,488, 456 7,945. 764 1905 | 61,801 | 38,315 | —— | 100,116} 5,419] 2,719; — 8,138 | 735,654 |1,743,438 |5,375,225 |7,854.317 1906 | 55,661 | 41,178 536 | 97,875] 5,180} 3,530 11} 8,721} 688,057 il, 867,759 |5,034,795 |7,590,611 1907 | 48,537 | 40,340 |624 | 89,501} 2,435) 7,207 5| 9,647] 614,869 2,076,825 |6,383,489 9,075,183 1908 80, 189 | 43,962 |157 | 124,308} 2,320] 7,965) —- 10,285 | 788,952 2.111, 859 |5, 742,838 |8, 643,649 168 Part III—Twenty-seventh Annual Report TABLE II.—VALUE OF FISH LANDED (IN #’s). 1.—East Coust. z n HERRINGS = 8 c MACKEREL ToraL PELaGic FisH Bo lon Year |Trawl| Net Total §| Net | Net | Line |Trawl| Net | Total] Line |Trawl| Net Total 1888 a —- -- -- -- -- — — — —- — — -- 1889 | — — 485,539} 2594 —— — = -- 284 -- -- — 485,826 1890 | -- — 493,859 11,070} —- — == — 228) — -- — 495,157 1891 -- —_ 572,851 303} 1,116, —- -- —- 280} — -- -- 574,550 1892 -= | 510,494} 510,494 845 871} —- — 44 444 —— -- 512,254 | 512,254 1893 -- 549,959 | 549,959 } 4,393} 11,4449 — -- 62 624 —- -- 555,858 | 555,858 1894 | — 478,101 | 478,101 41,173 41,317} — — 162} 1624) — = 480,753 | 480,753 1895 -- 625,574 | 625,574 | 2,756 989- —- — 210 2107 — -- 629,529 | 629,529 1896 | —- 426,372 | 426,372}3,771 11,6107 -- — 390| 390) — — 432,143 | 432,143 1897 -- 430,574 | 430,574 2,186 41,612} —- ao 674 6744 — — 435,046 | 435,046 1898 | — 588,086 | 588,086] 429% 823 — -- 5b2| 552] —- —_ 589,890 | 589,890 1899 or S| 625,693 | 625,693 41,696 {1,159— —- -—— |1,564)1,564) —— -- 630,112 | 630,112 1900 | -- | 662,191} 662,191 41,8764 914} — —— |2,996|2,9964 — = 667,977 | 667,977 1901 | — 499,509 | 499,509 4,488 41,163] — —- | 2,425) 2,425, — -- 507,585 | 507,585 1902 | -- , 773,631) 773,631}4,935} 7664 —- -- 578| 578) — -- 779,910 | 779,910 1903 | -- , 684,817] 684,81716,079} 557) — — 443} 4434 — -- 691,896 | 691,896 1904 | — | 491,572) 491,572]3,776] 770} -- -- 874| 874} —— -- 496,992 | 496,992 1905 | — | 542,519} 542,519]2,840} 757) — —— |1,598/1,598} — — 547,714) 547,714 1906 | 239) 810,501) 810,740}1,994) 4114 — 664 | 1,261}1,925} — 903 | 814,167 | 815,070 1907 | 1,732 |1,029,133 |1,030,865 } 8,602} 606} 34 387 | 1,019} 1,440) 34 | 2,119 |1,039,360 |1,041,513 1908 | 1,684 | 538,071 | 539,755} 2,287] 372} 60 195 | 1,320|)1,575{ 60 | 1,879] 542.050} 543,989 Cop and CoDLING Line TUSK SAITHE Year| Line | Trawl | Net | Total | Line | Trawl | Total | Line |Trawl| Total} Line | Trawl | Total 1888 -- oe -- -- -- -- — -- — — =5 = = 1889 -- -- —— | 121,545 -- — | 15,208, —- ~ 138, — — 4,262 1890 — -- — | 113,670 = —- |17,4324 -- — 212) — — 5,486 1891 — — —- | 133,755 -= — |18,7864 — — 1544 -- -- | 5,556 1892 | 106,504) 19,844! — | 126,348918,021| 1,221|19,242} 201) —- 201 # 4,439 656 | 5,095 1893 | 89,775] 24,792) -- | 114,567]16,524) 2,052)18,5761 489) -- 489 44,172} 1,015) 5,187 1894 | 95,670) 27,030} -- | 122,7009§15,077| 1,571| 16,648} 325] -- 325 | 4,918 285 | 5,203 1895 | 100,955) 32,771| -- | 133,726}14,968} 1,601|16,569} 370) — 370 f 3,162 196 | 3,358 1896 | 108,189) 86,123) -- | 144,3124113,854| 2,210|16,064} 419) — 419 | 4,161 153 | 4,314 1897 | 116,657 | 43,577} -— | 160,234915,697| 1,926|17,623] 525; — 525 # 3,498 365 | 3.863 1898 | 121,679| 59,603} -—— | 181,28214,682| 3,897|18,5791 549) -- 549 | 4,777 746 | 5,523 1899 | 115,735 | 77,612) -- | 193,847118,256| 7,989 | 26,245] 751| -- 751 | 4,483 | 1,276] 5,759 1900 | 84,049} 90,254) -- | 174,803417,001 | 11,786 | 28,787 }1,163} -- | 1,16343,953) 2,336] 6,289 1901 | 80,368 | 102,327) -- | 182,695] 16,714 | 14,529 | 31,24371,513| —— | 1,51892,404) 3,114] 5,518 1902 | 79,731] 114,610} -- | 194,341 } 17,948 | 18,103 | 31,051] 2,019| -- | 2,01942,738| 4,862) 7,600 1903 | 70,799 | 134,177| -- | 204,976 4 12,662 | 13,283 | 25,94511,897| 387 | 1,784]2,105| 7,168} 9,273 1904 | 73,060 | 153,432) -- | 226,492 119,104 | 12,316 | 31,42011,705| 325 | 2,080] 2,215 | 8,810 | 11,025 1905 | 80,101 | 179,756] — | 259,857 } 20,260 | 15,629 | 35,889 12,198 | 445 | 2,643 | 2,461 | 14,726 | 17,187 1906 | 73,135 | 202,163 | 1,874 | 277,172 | 17,268 | 16,916 | 34,184 11,7382] 500 | 2,232} 2,144 | 14,708 | 16,852 1907 | 69,904 | 211,856 | 1,577 | 283,337 1 15,751 | 21,833 | 37,58411,608| 549 | 2,157 | 1,443 | 20,373 | 21,816 1908 | 66,120 | 217,719 | 4,650 | 288,489 } 25,373 | 19,291 | 44,664} 2,730| 466 | 3.196 } 2,979 | 14,868 | 17,849 ee of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 169 Happock WHITING CoNGER HEELS GURNARDS Year| Line | Trawl | Total | Line | Trawl| Total } Line jrrem Total? Line |Trawl | Total 1888 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- =~ -- -- -~ — 1889 — -- 311,062 — — 18,325] —- —-— |2,222q — -- -- 1890 — -s 348,647 -- —_ 26,3142 — —— |1,497) — -- -— 1891 — -- 356,162} —- — |246084) —- —— |1,264§ -- -- -- 1892 | 249,694 | 117,845 | 367,539 15,123) 3,423] 18,54671,510} 53 |1,563§ —- a -- 1893 | 221,262 | 146,113 | 367,375 | 11,749 | 4,260] 16,009] 1,483} 22 |1,505} -- -- — 1894 | 217,182 | 134,094 | 351,276} 10,829 | 3,018 13,847}1,921| 55 |1,976§ —- — -~ 1895 | 248,272 | 136,727 | 384,999{ 10,361] 2,616 | 12,97741,723) 53 |1,776) —— -- -~ 1896 | 260,637 | 136,574 | 397,211] 10,778 | 2,099 | 12,877] 2,164] 46 |2,210% —- — — 1897 | 236,377 | 177,180 | 413,557 | 10,325 | 4,456 | 14,781} 2,408) 35 |2,443% — -- -- 1898 | 158.597 | 251,184 | 409,781 | 10,541 | 6,927 | 17,468}2,349| 30 |2,379— —- -- -- 1899 | 132,858 | 327,272 | 460,125 | 11,436 | 12,167 | 23,603} 2,097} 53 |2,150% — -- -- 1900 | 99,255 | 384,992 | 484,247 } 10,131 | 18,447 | 28,578] 2,233) 47 |2,2807 — -- -- 1901 | 71,964 | 437,545 | 509,509} 9,012 | 29,740 | 38,752 41,631) 66 |1,697— —- -- - 1902 72,360 | 427,895 | 500,255) 6,898 | 34,521 | 41,419} 1,168] 374 | 1,54 —- -- -- 1903 | 87,566 | 385,869 | 473,435} 7,773 | 29,954 | 37,727] 1,079 | 173 |1,252— — — - 1904 | 87,902 | 386,033 | 473,935} 9,296 | 31,105 | 40,4014 1,237) 96 |1,3338f 40 | 1,101 | 1,141 1905 | 74,056 | 432,770 | 506,826 } 11,982 | 52,458 | 64,440] 1,519 | 149 |1,668% 39 | 1,245 | 1,284 1906 | 90,441 | 409,128 | 499,698 } 10,857 | 42,282 | 53,183 71,463) 88 |1,551% 41 | 1,041 | 1,082 1907 | 83,201 | 423,413 | 506,617] 6,689 | 42,784 | 49,4734 1,371 | 132 | 1,559 16 | 1,016 | 1,032 1908 | 63,171 | 480,851 | 494,022 7 9,011 | 41,908 | 50,919 4 1,586 ; 193 | 1,861 17 668 685 CaTFISH Monks Hake Torat RounD FisH Year | Line | Trawl | Total | Trawl | Line | Trawl | Total Line Trawl |. Net Total 1888 | — _ — = = == — —_ = — = 1889} — | — —- | —- | - | — -- — = — | 472,762 1890} — | — - |—-| — -- — — —— | 513,258 1891 | — — == -— -- — — as — | 540,285 1892 | — = = == -— — -- 395,493 | 143,041 -- 538,534 1893 | — -- — = -— -- —- 345,454 | 178,254 | — 523,708 1894 | -- — — -— — — -- 345,922 | 166,053 | -- | 511,975 1895 | — — = == -— -- -- 379,811 | 173,964 | —— | 553,775 1896 |} — — — — -- -- -- 400,202 | 177,205 | -—- 577,407 1897 | — = == == -— -- -- 385,487 | 227,589 | — 613,026 1898 | — -- — -—- —- -- -- 313,174 | 322,387 | — | 635,561 1899 = = = — == -- 285,611 | 426,369 -- 711,980 1900 | — —- | — — — -- - 217,785 | 507,862 | — 725,647 1901 |} — Seb = -- -- -- on 183,606 | 587,321 | -- | 770,927 1902 — = Fi — — —= -- 182,862 | 595,365 -- 778,227 1903 = =) == == = — -- 183,381 | 571,011 -- 754,392 1904 | 180 | 5,727 | 5,907 | 1,710 74 | 11,635] 11,709} 194,813 | 612,290 | -—- | 807,103 1905 | 113 | 4,874 | 4,987 | 2,599 | 102 | 16,156 | 16,258} 192,831 | 720,807 | -- | 913,638 1906 | 219 | 5,929 | 6,148 | 2,766 | 74 | 15,960 | 16,034} 197,374 | 711,481 | 2,047 | 910,902 1907 | 263 | 6,502 | 6,765 ( 2,553] 41 | 9.498] 9,539 180,287 | 740,509 | 1,636| 922,432 1908 | 328 | 4,861 | 5,189 f 2,454 | 110 | 11,543 | 11,653} 171,425 | 744,822 | 4,734 | 920,981 170 Part [II.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report TURBOT HALiIsur LEMON SOLES FLOUNDERS | Year |Line| Trawl | Total | Line | Trawl | Total jLine| Trawl | Net | Total | Line | Trawl | Net | Total 1888 | — -- — -- -- -- —| — -- -- -- -- — -- 1889 | — —— | 19,621 ~- —— {11,480 —) — —- | 19,820 = = = 43,382 1890 | — — | 17,610 seo) == jleets |) = == —— | 27,017 -- -- — 58,843 1891 | — —- | 16,561 —— | — |11,6537 — -- —— | 29,982 — — -- 58,321 1892 | 541 | 13,094 | 13,635 | 22,387 221 | 22,608 | 161 | 36,766} —— | 36,927] 9,003) 43,145) — 52,148 1893 | 391 | 12,382 | 12,773 | 20,227 541 | 20,768 #226 | 28,316} — | 28,542} 9,097 | 45,070) — 54,167 1894 | 477 | 8,892] 9,369 | 24,602 759 | 25,361 } 243 | 30,075} -- 30,38189711,140} 47,501) — 58,641 1895 | 203 | 11,144 | 11,347126,198 | 1,200 | 27,3898} 168 | 37,267| -— | 37,435] 9,656) 57,822) —— 67,478 1896 |°306 14, 082 | 14,388 32 874 1,022 | 33,896 1 119 | 37,457 | -— | 37,576 { 6,787 | 66,302} — 73,089 . 1897 | 236 | 13,532 | 13,768 34,802 1,677 | 36,479] 110 | 31,474| -—— | 31,584] 8,284] 56,531) — 64,815 1898 | 160 | 16,108 | 16,268 { 27,855 | 2,291 | 30,146} 125 | 36,644} —— | 36,769} 9,532} 59,660) — 69,192 1899 | 335 | 18,155 | 18,490 25, 606} 4,406 | 30,012} 85 | 46,802} —-- | 46,887]13,057| 79,531} — 92,588 1900 | 121 | 17,537 | 17,658 | 28,946 | 8,983 | 37,9291 50 | 41,396 | — | 41,446} 12,027 | 89,851} — | 101,878 1901 | 186 | 19,331 | 19,517 4 41,586 | 12,411 | 53,997} 76 | 47,909! —- | 47,985 } 12,187 | 112,992 | —— | 125,179 1902 | 136 | 19,313 | 19,449 33,328 11,230 | 44,558} 118 | 49,143; — | 49,261 111,315 | 100,062} — | 111,377 1903 | 35 | 31,658 | 31,693 # 35,068 | 12,809 | 47,877 | 262 | 53,214) — | 53,476 § 10,302 | 124,106 | —— | 134,408 1904 | 82 | 22° 882 | 22,964 | 41.620 | 17,523 | 59,143 | 281 | 49,515 | —— | 49,796] 5,571 6,003 | —- 11,574 1905 | 13 20, 854. | 20,867 | 37,097 | 18,192 | 55,289 } 301 | 55,010) — | 55,311] 4,193 5,274] —- 9,467 1906 | 17 | 17,865 | 17,882 41,183 22,046 | 63,229 } 261 | 65,172 | 247 | 65,680 2,521 5,279 | 1,368 9,168 1907 | 48 | 20,293 | 20,336 | 48,348 | 22,969 | 71,317 | 225 | 68,088 | 247 | 68,560] 3,792 3,157} 845 7,794 1908 | 17 | 21,331 | 21,348 | 69,169 | 16,614 | 85,783 | 243 | 69,297 | 424 69. 964} 4,098 2,069| 525] 6,692 wn Nn = si PLAICE 8 Dass S ie Totau Frat Fish = = a AQ = = Year! Line | Trawl!| Net | Total |Trawl} Line |Trawl] Total | Trawl | Trawl} Line | Trawl | Net] Total 1888 -- -- == — — — — — — — — = _ - 1889 -- -- — -- - _ a -- —- — _ — | 94,303 1890 -- -- -- -- -- -- == —- -- -—- -- -— —— | 116,847 1891 -- -- -- -- -_ = = -- — -- -- — — | 116,517 1892 -- -- -- — -- -- -— -—- -- -— | 32,093] 93.225] -- | 125,318 1893 —- -- -- — —- -- -— =~ -- —- | 29,941] 86,309} —- | 116,250 1894. -- -- -- -- -—- -- — — -- —— | 36,462] 87,227 | — | 123,689 1895 -- —- — —- a -- -- -- -- -- | 36,225 | 107,433 | — | 143,658 1896 -- -- -- — -- -- -- -~ -- —- 440,086 | 118,863 | — | 158,949 1897 -- -- - -- -- -—- — -- -- —— | 43,432 | 103,214 | —- | 146,646 1898 -- -- -- -- -- -- =- —- -- —— {| 37,672 | 114,703 | — | 152,375 1899 -- -- = -- -- — — -- -- -— | 39,083 | 148,894 | — | 187,977 1900 -- -- -- — -- -- -- -— -- —— | 41,144 | 157,767 | — | 198,911 1901 -- -- -- me = -- -- -- -- —— 154,035 | 192,643 | -- | 246,678 1902 -- -- -- — -- -- -- -- -- -- {44,897 | 179,748 | — | 224,645 1903 -- -- -- -- — — = — —_ —— | 45,667 | 221,787 | -- | 267,454 1904 | 6,951 | 75,822] — | 82,773]1,997} 979) 1,577} 2,556 24,971] 9,359 | 55,492 | 209,641 | — | 265,133 1905 4, 721 67, 110} —— | 71,83191,569] 936]1,613}| 2,549 | 22,421 | 10,491 | 47,261 | 202,534 | —— | 249,795 1906 4, 425 70,494 1,034 | 75,953 | 1,654 | 1,270 | 1,354 | 2,629 | 23,840 } 10,364 | 49,677 | 218,068 |2654| 270,399 1907 5 695 | 64,095 836 70,626 } 1,393 | 1,403 | 1,679 | 3,082 | 21,571 } 12,266 | 59,506 | 215,511 |1928) 276,945 1998 | 7 274 56,548 74 | 63,896 } 1,288 ] 1,555 | 2,185 | 3,746 } 20,115 } 11,249 | 82,367 | 200,685 |1029) 284,081 of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Wee SKATES AND Rays UNCLASSTFIED GRAND TOTAL Year| Line | Trawl| Net | Total | Line | Trawl| Net | Total | Line Trawl Net Total 1888 | — SS) — = == — -- -- -- -- 1889 es -- -- 7,380 -- — | 13,4386 -- -- — 1,073, 707 1890 | — = -- 8,745 -- -—-— | 17,696 — — — 1,151,703 1891 — —_ -- 9,394} — -- —- | 18,751 — -- — 1,259,497 1892 | 8,438) 1,267 | — 9,706 | 11,689 | 9,411} 760 | 21,860 | 447,714 | 246,944 | 513,014 | 1,207,672 1893 | 8,233} 1,012, — 9,245 | 8,641| 9,215} 616 | 18,472 | 392,269 | 274,790| 556,474 | 1,223,538 1894 | 8,189} 1,028 | —- 9,217] 6,278 | 5,557) 319 | 12,154 | 396,851 | 259,865 | 481,072 | 1,137,788 1895 ; 8,219} 1,087 | — 9,306 | 4,415) 4,025) —- 8,440 | 428,670 | 286,509 | 629,529 | 1,344,708 1896 | 10,722 | 1,435 | — | 12,157] 3,855! 5,280); — 9,135 | 454,865 | 302,783 | 432,143 | 1,189,791 1897 | 13,176) 1,549 | — | 14,7254 3,631) 5,694) — 9,325 | 445,726 | 337,996 | 485,046 | 1,218,768 1898 | 12,949 | 2,307 | — | 15,256] 2,721) 9,881] -- | 12,602 | 366,516 | 449,278 | 589,890 | 1,405,684 1899 | 12,157 | 3,958 | —- | 16,1154 1,746 | 15,019) -- | 16,765 | 338,597 | 594,240} 630,112 | 1,562,949 1900 | 10,565} 5,994 | —— | 16,5599 1,425 | 23,034) -— | 24,459 | 270,919 | 694,657 | 667,977 | 1,633,553 1901 | 10,357 | 6,822 | — | 17,179 § 1,249 | 28,273| -- | 29,522 | 249,247 | 815,059 507,585 | 1,571,891 1902 | 10,743 | 6,466 | — | 17,209 § 1,108 | 23,771! -- | 24,879 | 239,610 | 805,350] 779,910 | 1,824,870 1903-| 9,139] 7,775 | — | 16,914 937 | 18,898 | -- | 19,835 } 239,124 | 819,471) 691,896 | 1,750,491 1904 | 11,892} 8,242 | —— | 20,134 262 435 | — 697 | 262,459 | 830,608 | 496,992 | 1,590,059 1905 { 12,160) 8,782 | -— | 20,942 150 472| — 622 | 252,402 | 932,595 | 547,714 | 1,732,711 1906 | 12,129) 9,997 | 102 | 22,228 45 694. 8 747 } 259,225 | 941,143} 818,978 | 2,019,346 1907 11,212} 9,761 | 40 | 21,013 29; 1,002 5 | 1,036 } 251,068 | 968,902 | 1,042,969 | 2,262,939 1908 | 12,183} 9,106 | 18 | 21,307 81} 1,537) — 1,618 § 266,116 | 958,029} 547,831 | 1,771,976 2.—Orkney and Shetland. eee: 2 og ce | e e ire Cop AnD CoDLING Line | Tusk SAITHE | it S PELAGIC FisH Year|; Net | Net Line | Trawl] | Total | Line | Line } Line /Trawl| Total 1888 -- -- -- -- -- — -- -- -- -- -— 1889 | 39,844} 30] 39,874 — — | 30,431} 14,471} 1,354 — —— | 2,844 1890 | 68,230) — } 68,230 -- — | 24,529111,392] 858) — —- | 4,258 1891 | 75,924 4] 75,928 — —— | 36,1382}13,031] 852] -- —— | 2,357 1892 | 31,765] -—- | 31,765} 26,858 — | 26,858] 5,391] 565]2,332) -- | 2,332 1893 | 69,013] ——] 69,013 122,762 —— | 22,762] 11,897 } 1,136 } 2,554, — | 2,554 1894 | 124,140 2 | 124,142 § 21,515 | 1,603 | 23,118} 11,535] 934}4,322| — | 4,322 1895 | 118,742] -—— | 118,742 § 17,797 74 | 17,87 9,234] 879}2,378| — | 2,378 1896 | 103,215} 19 | 103,234 § 28,674 914 | 29,588} 8,688} 834]}2,853' — | 2,853 1897 | 116,502} 35 | 116,537 7 23,496 | 1,268 | 24,764] 6,694] 58271,110' — | 1,110 1898 | 146,979] 10 | 146,989 | 15,449 — | 15,449] 5,091] 55041,3880, — | 1,380 1899 | 263,135 | 104 | 263,239) 9,811} 3,503] 13,314] 7,857] 918}2,098 -- | 2,098 1900 : 315,763 | 102 § 315,865 | 12,690 | 4,408] 17,098 7,703} 738]1,890 65 | 1,955 1901 | 330,002} 41 | 330,043 711,416 | 5,543 | 16,959] 5,973] 91971,999, 19 | 2,018 1902 | 316,498 | 22 | 316,520] 10,217 | 6,879] 17,096} 2,558} 418]1,560 — | 1,560 1903 | 307,833] 11 | 307,844 410,862 | 6,962|17,824) 1,603} 321])1,801 — / 1,801 1904 | 346.8174 15 | 346,882 418,346, 6,369 | 24,715] 1,030} 218]1,433, — | 1,433 1905 | 608,789} 23 | 608,812 § 16,278 7,779 | 24,057] 2,539] 53491,816 | 230 | 2,046 1906 | 641,490 | 106 | 641,596 } 17,263 | 10,916 | 28,179] 1,049} 258] 790 | 62 852 1907 | 586,552} 10 | 586,562 417,811! 7,400 | 25,211 465] 203 391 | 104 495 1908 | 415,764] 20 | 415,784 | 20,983 | 6,111 | 27,094] 2,668] 527] 731) 69 800 172 Part L11.——Twenty-seventh Annual Report D n EB Biha D nas Sh jan] es] nn cw a 1) 3 A fat. Tota, Round Fise | 5] 2 [2] & -Happocks A] 2 els Pe, eye] 8 fe) < = < ie |e | o jolla BA ads Year| Line} Line }/LinelLine} Line | Trawl} Total |Line] Line Line] Line} Line |Trawl} Total 1888 | — Soe pS = == == i = == -- — 1889 29 19 |} — | — —— — 57,381 | 3 §5,019 423 -- —- 8,233 1890 15 97 f —] —- — -- 48,896 | 33 | 3,662 72 -— —_ 7,752 1891 | — 96 | — | -- -- —_ 58,075 | 36 | 3,740 98 — — 5,607 1892 5 20 | — | — ] 46,670 -- 46,670 | 17 | 2.509 110 $11,499! -- | 11,499 1893 1 31 | — | — 7 46,523 — 46,523 | —— 15,019 52) 8,642; — 8,642 1894 8 10 | -—- | —_] 45,854] 1,603) 47,457} 1 | 4,603 56 | 7,580; — 7,530 1895 2 6 | — | — } 40,995 74| 41,069 | — 43,309 26 | 10,699} — | 10,699 1896 27 15 |} -— | —— | 48,995 989| 49,984} 3 § 2,624 113 } 7,904 75.| 7,979 1897 34 81—#—] 40,681] 1,323) 42,004] 1 42,044 181 | 8,757 55 | 8,812 1898 | 38 6 30,480| — | 30,480] — } 1,566 821 7.966| — | 7,966 1899 86 17 | — } —{ 30,904] 3,503) 34,407] 3 141,617 122 110,117| -—- | 10,117 1900 | 141 5|—|—] 34,862| 4,787| 39,649] 63 | 1,721 132 | 11,824] 185 | 12,009 1801 uit 7¢ -- - —— 7 32,681) 5,754} 38,4854 4 41,899 112 | 12,410 39 | 12,449 1902 159 ae —- | — | 24,225] 6,879| 81,1049 2 889 153 | 9,313) -- 9,313 1903 52 -- —— f| — | 25,771] 6,962| 32,733} — 591 195 711,122; — | 11,122 1904 125 1 3 f — } 33,332] 6,369] 39,701} 1 938 197 $12,176) -- | 12,176 1905 | 141 3] 2] 9] 33,058) 8,079) 41,1387 9 11 | 1,324 131 § 11,736 70 | 11,806 1906 204 1 1 1 j 29,348] 11,013; 40,3614 3 91,176 89 } 9,737 29 | 9,766 1907 | 4504 — § —#— 17 30,718] 7,504] 38,222, 24 422 88 | 11,398} -- | 11,398 1908 378 -—- 4 44 34.332] 6,448} 40,780} — 1,241 36 | 9,305; — 9,305 { a A 1 a 5 2 em ee let Tora, WuiTe FisH Boles [eae ee ee A i Df Year| Zine} Line} Line } Line | Line Line | Trawl Net Total 1888 -- -- — — -- -- -- -- -— 1889 | — — | 5,445 }1,242] 947 -- -- -- 104,889 1890; — — | 3,777] 782 29 == —- =-- 122,204 1891 | — — | 3,874] 5264 712 == — = 138,485 1892 -- -- 7 2,636 496 321 50,123 -- - 31,765 81,888 1893 | — — | 5,071] 455] 459 | 52,354 -- 69,167 121,521 1894 | — — {| 4,660} 406] 386 | 51,306} 1,603] 124,142 177,051 1895 | -- — | 3,335 | 490} 356 | 44,970 74| 118,948 163,992 1896 | — — | 2,740} 262] 517 52,514. 989 | 103.234 156, 737 1897 | — — | 2,226 1 276) 615 | 43,798 | 1,323) 116,537 161,658 1898 —- -- 1,648 297 508 32,933 -- 146,989 179,922 1899 -- -- 1,742 378 470 383,496 | 3,503 | 263,239 300,238 1900 = — 1,939 332 338 37,328 | 4,930] 315,865 358,123 1901 == = 2,016 Slot 514] 8b:580") 15,754, 830;043 371,327 1902 | -- == 1,044 | 254] 343 | 25,866 | 6,879! 316,520 349,265 1903 | -- — 788 | 140} 376 | 27,065} 6,962: 307,844 341,871 1904 | 17 56 1,214 | 253] 187 | 34,986 6,369} 346,832 388,187 1905 13 48 1.529 265 154 35,006 | 8,079 | 608,812 651,897 1906 30 23 1,323 186 184 31,041 | 11,013 | 641,596 683,650 1907 29 59 600 113 56 31,487 | 7,504} 586,562 625,553 1908 33 66 1,377 357 35 36,095 | 6,454] 415,784 458,333 — ee pi tt ee Ni eta ee of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Lis 3.—West Coast. o =) Z I HERRING iS iS Torat Prtacic FisH = q RQ = Year| Trawl Net Total Net Trawl Net Total 1888 —- -- = = ae ae pee 1889 = -—- 191,062 3822 -- -— 191,388 1890 -- —- 264,983 297 -- -- 265,280 1891 -—- — 275,609 1,168 — —- 276,914 1892 — 213,877 213,877 1,571 — 215,624 215,624 1893 -- 187,345 187,345 2,182 — 189,663 189,663 1894 -- 168,270 168,270 1,166 —- 169,518 169,518 1895 —_ 174,607 174,607 889 —- 175,632 175,632 1896 -- 144,100 144,100 2,022 -- 146,300 146,300 1897 — 160,479 160,479 1,844 — 162,484 162,484 1898 — 217,337 217,337 1,817 — 219,563 219,563 1899 -- 254,468 254,468 1,633 —- 256,472 256,472 1900 — 265, 453 265,453 1,927 — 267,552 267,552 1901 — 231,523 231,523 1,951 — 233,763 238,763 1902 -- 270,363 270,363 2,527 -—- 273,150 273,150 1903 — 252,006 252,006 3,465 — 255,660 255,660 1904 — 179,152 179,152 4,951 -- 184,336 184,336 1905 — 191,772 191,772 3,929 — 195,895 195,895 1906 365 196,568 196,933 7,451 365 204,147 204,512 1907 5,354 193,489 198,843 7,948 5, 354 201,411 206,865 1908 6,789 189,336 196,125 5,048 6,800 194,487 201,338 Cop AND CoDLING SAITHE Year| Line | Trawl Net | Trawl Net Total 1888 — — -—- | — — — 1889 — —- -- | — — 4,881 1890 -—- -- coer — -- 5,147 1891 — -- — | 18,724 — — 5,305 1892 | 18,353 4 a IS 33597) 1 — 3,675 1893 | 18,517 12 — — — 4,070 1894 | 15,620 225 -— — — 2,930 1895 | 15,505 45 — = — 3,777 1896 | 17,145 104 -- 28 -- 5,284 1897 | 16,470 55 — 33 -- 4,990 1898 | 19,795 90 — 35 -- 4,743 1899 | 16,942 ill — — — 4,565 1900 | 14,476 81 — 3 -- 3,364 1901 | 13,229 8 — — -- 3,104 1902 | 11,066 -- — — 3,506 1903 9,592 740 — 4 -- —_ 3,932 1904 | 15,553 -- -- -- 3,943 1905 | 14,427 250 — 1 — 3,914 1906 | 14,055 52 2,655 | 31 1,257 | 5,029 1907 | 12,376 | 1,006 2,413 799 1,385 | 6,056 1908 | 12,772 881 3,675 497 1,396 | 5,547 174 Part III—Twenty-seventh Annual Report Happocx WHITING Trawl| Net | Total | Line |Trawl) Total O20 iia see wens 139 -- — | 13,853 -- — 4,511 — — | 13,788 — — | 4,881 15 | — | 15,239} 7,066 | —- 7,066 9} -- | 11,4304 4,703 | —- | 4,703 145 | -- | 13,369] 6.202] 29] 6,231 187 | —— | 13,908} 5,564 98 | 5,662 198 | — | 15,2954 5,568 | -- 5,568 339 | — |12,790{ 4,318 | —— | 4,318 268 | — 9,573 | 3,699 | -—- | 3,699 39 | — 7,874.4 7,253 7 | 7,260 49; — 6,404} 6,804. 211! 6,825 27) —- 5,713} 6,058 4 | 6,062 32 | — 6,402 | 8,465 12 | 8,477 258 | —- 9,441 # 8,123 10 | 8,133 23 | — | 10,388} 5,549 | — 5,549 316 | — | 10,318] 4,481 18 | 4,499 86 | 100 | 12,450} 3,972 3 | 4,007 3,661 | 60 | 15,248} 3,015 | 379 | 3,418 3,022 26 | 15,772] 2,991 | 191 | 3,182 HAkeE Year| Line |Trawl| Net |Totalj Line 1888 | — -- -- — -- 1889 | — — — — — 1.800 (1) 2B Ree eee us 1601S 2B eee Ee 1892 | —- — — — 74,361 1893 | — — —— = 74,422 1894 | — — -- — | 66,022 1895 | — -— — — 62,014 1896 | — — — —— | 59,731 1897 | — -- — -- 65,935 1898 | -- —~ — —— ff 55,258 1899 | —- — — — # 55,350 1900 |} —- -- — | 52,190 POOR el) oh Bee ee dR 1902 | — — -- == | 41072 1903 | — -- aa -- 39,965 1904 | 122 -— -- 122 51,283 1905 | 101 | 227 — | 328 48,865 1906 47 -- 24 (il 49,145 1907 | 44 | 465 67 | 576 | 46,222 1908 | 43 | 115 | 160 | 318 48,526 ConcER HELs Line | Trawl 4,533 1 6,189 | 29 5,261 | 55 6,246 | —- 5,575 | 80 5,850 | 217 weve Mes 5,659 | — 5,480 | — 4,932 | — ABST | bes 3,964 | — BOT, | | 6,152 | 61 5,925 8 6,946 | 62 8,803 | 28 GurR- NARDS } FISH Cat Monxs Total | Line 6:81 bf ie 5,433 | — Agoa | 4534] — 6218 by seats (eee Totat Rounp FisH Trawl Net Total 5,299 | 5,257 | 59,082 Line } Trawl besten ingest ie tyler teal lele "Veal ashe of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 17 9) TURBOT HALiputT LEMON SOLES FLOUNDERS Year | Line |Trawl| Net |'Total} Line |Trawl| Total] Line |Trawl| Total} Line /Trawl| Net | Total 1888 | — a= —— ae = a = =e == == == == == = 1889 | — -- _ 848 | —- — {1,997} — —— | 2,105 — — — 9,267 1890 | — -- -- 816} — — |1,606) — — 369 -- — — 9,272 1891 | — — -- 618 |} — — |1,768) — — 241 -- — -- 8,684 1892 | 858; — -- 858 } 2,052 2,052 219 9 | 228 § 5,400 | 3,790) — 9,190 1893 | 621| — -- 621 §2,268| — |2,268] 275 10 | 285 | 5,130 | 3,462) — 8,592 1894 | 542] 163] — 705 } 1,452 911,461f 151) 122) 2738 | 5,866 | 3,239| — 9,105 1895 | 520 16) — 536 71,468 | — |1,468% 135 83 | 218 § 5,705 | 4,120} —- 9,825 1896 | 637 | -- -- 637 41,862} — |1,3624 177 53 | 2380 7 8,539 | 4,142} — | 12,681 1897 | 580 | 10 — 590 11,653} — |1,6534 147 47 | 194] 7,349 |3,614) -- | 10,968 1898 | 636 | — -- 636 41,346; — |1,346] 171 9} 180 § 7,097 | 3,536} — | 10,633 1899 | 699 | — — -699 71,612 | — | 1,612 82) —- 82 | 4,374 | 2,459} -- 6,833 1900 | 602 2 — 604 $1,151; — |1,151] 216 3 | 219 | 4,161 | 3,658) — 7,819 1901 | 585} -- —_ 585 $2,399} — |2,399— 145) — 145 } 4,768 | 4,175; — 8,943 1902 | 389 | — -- 389 $1,942 | — |1,942— 420 23 | 443 | 5,052 | 2,478) — 7,530 1303 | 388 | — —- 388 718| — 718} 263; — 263 | 5,336 | 2,491 {920 1904} 377) — -- 377 42,614) — |2,6144 140 7 | 147 | 2,442 |1,756| — 4,198 1905 | 317; 118) — 435 {1,859 14 | 1,873 66) — 66 | 1,994 | 1,349; — 3,343 1906 58 2Oe e234) aloe oe 40 | 1,391 21 6 40 | 1,350 430 | 259 | 2,039 1907 | 125 | 283 | 224) 632 41,331) 277 | 1,608 1| 163 | 164 | 1,608 Soo Olae,olo 1908 45 | 256 | 173 | 474]2,159! 280 | 2,439 48 |} 113 | 169 | 1,548 344| 687! 2,579 Tar a ] PLAICE BRILL Dass Tora Frat Fish Year! Line | Trawl 1888 1889 1880 1891 1892 1893 1894 2,279 | 1,480 3,215 | 2,009 1,104 | 1,656 1,277 | 1,647 1,670 | 1,519 wNowr Net | Total } Line] Trawl] Net wwe oe CO ae leteirerteaiedlon tote teotete lt Ik | OO @ fe Al seeienesey er oS ES ef a Ssoreh Ph) merieMeiter | | | emmeanil tol fd htal jt i to Total Line Trawl He leve le eles ielee ie tee lee le Trawl — Bees PEPE I TT PEre tty Soreiecoms ee Ne ieleie tele te le (Pile je! 113 76 102 29 Trawl 40 10 185 162 Line |Trawl| Net fe Theat ed sles eg Ba TR es Fae Fi 3,194 | 3,016 2,806 | 3,164 Total 11,456 176 SKATES AND Rays UNCLASSIFIED Part IIT—Twenty-seventh Annual Report ToraL WHITE FIsH Year| Line | Trawl| Net | Total } Line | Trawl| Net | Total Line Trawl Net Total 1888 — —- -- -- -- — -- — 1889 -- — — | 2,253 — -- — 275,579 1890 — —_ — 2,150 — — — 349,439 1891 -- -- -- 1,593 -- — -— 364,512 1892 | 1,781 4) — 1,785 86,547 3,824 | 215,624 | 305,995 1893 | 2,037 3); — 2,040 } 1,780 — 121 | 1.901 | 86,533 | 3,525 | 189,784 | 279,842 1894 | 2,006 99 | — | 2,105 | 1,144 37 | 182 | 1.3813] 77,183 | 4,149 | 169,650 | 250,982 1895 | 3,670 10} -- | 3,680} 1,477 11 88 | 1,576 } 74,989 4,582 | 175,720 | 255,291 1896 | 2,509 2); — 2,511 | 1,412 1/| — 1,413 74,367 4,608 | 146,300 | 225,275 1897 | 3,229 20) — 3,249 | 1,614 2) - 1,616 | 80,507 4,337 | 162,484 | 247,328 1898 | 4,727 17} — | 4,744] 1,429 -- 78 | 1,507 | 70,664 | 3,955 | 219,641 | 294,260 1899 | 4,279 -- — | 4,279 | 1,362 — -- 1,362 | 67,758 2,516 .| 256,472 | 326,746 1900 | 3,765 3); — 3,768 841 20) — 861 } 62,926 3,840 | 267,552 | 334,318 1901 | 3,412 — —— | 3,412 990 — 990 | 57,115 4,214 | 233,763 | 295,092 1902 | 3,167 4) —— | 3,171 790 -- — 790 | 52,832 | 2,551 | 273,150 | 328,533 1903 | 2,152 -- -- 2,152 944 — — 944 | 49,766 3,499 | 255,660 | 308,925 1904 | 3,836 79 | — 3,915 605 — — 605 | 63,740 3,357 | 184,386 | 251,433 1905 | 4,175 198} — | 4,373 591 — — 591 § 61,202 6.063 | 195,895 | 263,160 1906 | 5,433 164 84 | 5,681 716 — — 716 | 59,255 2,914 | 210,490 | 272,659 1907 | 4,711 378 | 177 | 5,266 454 15} — 469 | 55,868 | 15,778 | 208,558 | 280,204 1908 | 8,302 279 25 | 8,606 387 17} — 404 § 62,752 | 15,201 | 202,933 | 280,886 4.—All Coasts. SPAR- HERRING nore MACKEREL TotTaL PrLacic FisH Year | Trawl Net Total Net /Trawl| Net | Total {Trawl| Net Total 1888 — -- 551,026 -- -- 397 - 552,230 1889 — -- 716,445 — -- 380 —_ 717,088 1890 — — 827,072 885 -- 525 — 829,552 1891 — -- 923, 754. 1,253 — 1,452 — 926,762 1892 — 756,136 | 756,136 1,044 1,615 | 1,615 759,648 | 759,643 1893 -- 806,317 | 806,317 1,579 2,244 | 2,244 814,534 | 814,534 1894. -- 770,511 | 770,511 1,399 1,330 | 1,530 774,413 | 774,413 1895 —- 918,923 | 918,923 1,125 1,099 | 1,099 923,903 | 923,903 1896 — 673,687 | 673,687 1,785 2,431 | 2,431 681,677 | 681,677 1897 — 707,555 | 707,555 iis 2,553 | 2,553 714,067 | 714,067 1898 — 952,402 | 952,402 1,232 2,379 | 2,379 956,442 | 956,442 1899 —— {1,143,296 |1,143,296 1,468 3,301 | 3,301 1,149,823 |1,149,823 1900 -— {1,243,407 |1,2438,407 1,086 5,025 | 5,025 1,251,394 |1,251,394 1901 — {1,061,034 |1,061,034 1,452 4,417 | 4,417 1,071,391 |1,071,391 1902 — 1,360,492 |1,360,492 1,026 3,127 | 3,127 1,369,580 |1,369,580 1903 —— {1,244,656 |1,244,656 746 3,919 | 3,919 1,255,400 |1,255, 400 1904 -—- [1,017,541 |1,017,541 1,003 5,840 | 5,840 1,028,160 |1,028,160 1905 —— 1,343,080 |1,343,080 951 5,550 | 5,550 1,352,421 |1,352,421 1906 604 1,648,559 |1,649,163 539 8.818 | 9,482 | 1,268 1,659,910 |1,661,178 1907 | 7,086 |1,809,174 |1,816,260 680 8,877 | 9,398 } 7,474 |1,827,333 |1,834,940 1908 | 8,473 |1,143,171 Dal 6,326 | 6,643 | 8,679 1,152,321 |1,161,111 1, 151,644 of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 177 Cop anp CopLinG LING SAITHE Year| Line | Trawl} Net | Total} Line | Trawl] Total} Li ES Total} Line | Trawl} Net | Total 1888} — — | -— |205,7944 — | -- |49,083 —= | = | —= |19064 1889} — — | — |172,100) — | — |46,493 —= | = | — | Lbs 1890} — _— — {155,987} — —- |50,521 == = — |14,886 eo |) | |188.611 57,226 — | — | — |13,218 1892/151,715) 19,848) — {171,563} 48, 676 1,220 | 49,896 10,445 657) —— |11,102 1893/131,054| 24,804) — 155, 858] 57,056 | 2,052 | 59,108 10,796} 1,015} -—- {11,811 1894/132,805) 28,858} — 161,66 49,249 1,597 | 50,846 12,170} 285) —— | 12,455 1895/134,257| 32,890; — |167,14 207 | 1,613 | 42,820 9,317 196) — 9,513 1896/454,008} 37,141) — |191,149] 33,465 | 2,210 | 35,675 12,270 181} — |12,451 1897)/156,623) 44,900) — 201,523 44, 048 | 1,926 | 45,974 9,565 398) -- 9,963 1898/156,923} 59,693} —- |216,616431,345 | 3,897 | 35,242 10,865 781; — |11,646 1899}142,488] 81,126) -- 223, 61 38,714 7,989 | 46,703 11,146} 1,276} — | 12,422 1900/111,215} 94,743) — |205,958139,296 |11,914 | 51,210 9,804] 2,404) — | 12,208 1901/105,013/107,878} — |212,891} 33,857 |14,682 | 48,539 7,507} 3,133) — |10,640 1902)101,014/121,491} — |222, 7.554 13,108 | 40,657 7,804) 4,862) — | 12,666 1903} 91,253/141,879] — |233,132] 19,284 |13, 283 | 32,567 7,838) 7,168} —- | 15,006 1904/106, 959)159,806| — |266,765 28,991 12,316 | 41,307 7,591} 8,810) — |16,401 1905 110, 806)187,785 298,591} 31,928 |15, 689 | 47,617 8,190 14. 957| — |238,147 6,675 14, 801) 1,257} 22,733 5,706 21,276 1,385) 28,367 7,364 15,434) 1,398 24,196 1906|104,453|213,131| 4,529 [322,113] 26,950 |16,925 | 43,875 1907 100, 091220, 262] 3,990 |324. 343} 23,810 |22, 171 | 45,985 1908] 99,875/224,711| 8,325 |332,911] 34,889 |19,792| 54,681 Happock WHITING ConGER EELS GURNARDS Line |Trawl| Total | Line |Traw1 | Total Year|} Line | Trawl | Total j Line | Trawl | Total 1888 -- —— | 333,134 _— — |25,637, — = 3,689 = 1889 -- —- 331,215] — — | 23,786] —- — 8,552 == 1890 -- — | 370,252, — —— | 30,8407 — = 7,027 1891 -= — |375,557) — — |29,489), — — 6,184 1892 | 276,417 | 117,860 | 394,277 | 22,194 | 3,422 | 25,617] 6,063) 54 6,117 1893 | 241,325 | 146,122 | 387,447 16, 453 | 4,260 | 20,713§ 7,703} 51 7,754 1894 | 237,936 | 134,239 | 372,175} 17,039 | 3,047 | 20,086} 7,192} 110 7,302 1895 | 272,692 | 136,914 | 409,606 15, 927 | 2,714/ 18,641} 7,975] 53 8,028 1896 | 283,638 | 136,847 | 420,485 16, 373 | 2,099 | 18,472} 7,754 | 126 7,880 1897 | 257,585 | 177,574 | 435,159 14, 677 | 4,456 | 19,133} 8,266 | 252 8,518 1898 | 175,868 | 251,452 | 427,320 14, 278| 6,927 | 21,205 8,132) 30 8,162 1899 | 150,805 327, 311 | 478,116 } 18,775 | 12,174 | 30,949} 7,773) 53 7,826 1900 | 117,434 385,226 | 502,660 17, 075 | 18,469 | 35,544] 7,718] 47 7,765 1901 | 90,060 | 437,611 | 527,671 | 15.187 | 29,744 | 44,931} 6,563) 66 6,629 1902 | 88,043 | 427,927 | 515,970 } 15,522 | 34,533 | 50,055} 5,555 | 374 5,929 1903 | 107,871 | 386,127 | 493,998 15,948 29,964 | 45,912} 5,043 | 173 5,216 sel Althea lt A tbe Saf SIS Hae aa Leet ls 1904 | 110,443 | 386,056 496,499 j 14,970 | 31,105 | 46,075 | 7,209) 96 7,305 1,101 | 1,481 1905 | 95,794 | 433,156 | 528,950 } 16,604 | 52,476 | 69,080 | 7,674 | 210 7,884 1,245 | 1,501 1906 | 112,442 | 409,243 | 521,914 } 15,088 | 42,285 | 57,444] 7,389) 96 7,647 | 214 | 1,041 | 1,255 1907 | 106,126 | 427,074 | 533,263 | 10,154 | 43,163 | 58,341} 8,317 | 194 8,568 1,114 } 1, 406 1908 | 84,900 | 434,173 | 519,099 12, 380 | 42,099 | 54,479 | 10,389 | 221 | 10,692 689 | '946 178 Part III —Twenty-seventh Annual Report HAkeE TotaL Rounp FisH Year | Line Trawl } Line | Trawl | Net) Total } Line | Trawl | Net Total 1888 | — -- -- — -- — | — — _— — — 639,879 1889 | — — -- -- — — | — — — —_— — 595,858 1890 | — — -- ~- — | — -- — — 630,847 1891 | — — — — == = |= == == — = 671,641 1892 |} — == — — — — | — — [516,524 | 143,062) — 659,586 1893 | — — —_ — — — |— -—-— | 466,399 | 178,304 | — 644,703 1894 | — — — — — — |— — {457,798 | 168,136] — 625,934 1895 | — — — — = — | =— — | 482,820] 174,380; — 657.200 1896 | — = — — — a —— 4 508,928 | 178,604} —-- 687,532 1897 | — — =— — — ee —— | 492,103 | 229,506} —- 721,609 1898 | — == — — —_ = |= — |398,912 | 322,780} — 721,692 1899 | — == = = — |— — | 371,865 | 429,929} -- 801,794 1900 | — —= — — — |) — — | 304,837 | 512,803) —- 817,640 19017) = == == = ae — {261,103 | 593,114) — 854,217 19020) a= Ss — = — a — 4} 248,159 | 602.290; — 850,449 1903 | — — — = == | = — $249,107 | 578,981} — 828,088 1904 | 185 | 5,727 | 5,912 § 1.710 196 | 11,635 | — | 11,831 | 279,428 | 618,687 | — 898,115 1905 | 115 | 4,874 | 4,989 | 2,602 212 | 16,383 | — | 16,595 } 274,754 | 729,822 | — | 1,004,576 1906 | 220] 5,929 | 6,149 | 2.766 122 | 15,960 | 24! 16,106 | 275,867 | 722,680 | 6,277 | 1,004,824 1907 | 268 | 6,506 | 6,774 | 2,555 85 | 9,963 | 67} 10,115 j 257,227 | 754,849 | 5,590 | 1,017,666 1908 | 333 | 4,866 | 5,199 | 2,455 157 | 11,658 | 160 | 11,975 | 254,283 | 756,569 | 9,991 | 1,020,843 TuRBOT HALIBUT LEMON SOLES FLOUNDERS Year | Line | Traw] |Net Trawl | Total | Line} Trawl|Net} Total |} Line | Trawl | Net} Total 1888 | —- -- oo -- 19,721} —- ~~ — | 16,512 —_ — | 55,918 1889 | — ae —- -- 18,496 | — — — | 21,925 -- — | 53,072 1890 | — —- -- — 18,645 | —- — — | 27,386 — -- | 68,187 1891 | — -- -- — 17,161} —- -- — | 30,223 —_ — | 67,103 1892 | 1,416 | 13,094 | — 221 | 27,169 | 380 | 36,775 | — | 37,155 | 14,513) 46,935) — | 61,448 1893 | 1,012 | 12,382 | — 541 | 28,055 | 501 | 28,326 | — | 28,827 | 14,279| 48,532} — | 62,811 1894 | 1,020} 9,055 | -- 768 | 31,425 | 394 | 30,197 | — | 30.591 | 17,062 | 50,740} — | 67,802 1895 723 | 11,160 | — 1,200 | 32,175 | 303 | 37,350 | — | 37,653 | 15,387 | 61,942); — | 77,3829 1896 946 | 14,082 | — 1,022 | 37,882 | 296 | 37,510) — | 37,806 | 15,439] 70,444) -—- | 85,883 1897 817 | 138,542 | — 1,677 | 40,176 | 257 | 31,521 | — | 31,778 | 15,814 60,145) — | 75,959 1898 796 | 16,108 | — 2,291 | 33,058 | 296 | 36,653 | — | 36,949 } 16,711 | 63,196 | — | 79,907 1899 | 1,037 | 18,155 | — 4,406 | 33,241 | 167 | 46,802 | —- | 46,969 | 17,553} 81,990} — 543 1900 726 | 17,599 | — 9,013 | 40,801 | 267 | 41,421 | — | 41,688 } 16,291] 93,538) — | 109,829 1901 775 | 19,331 | — 12,411 | 58,295 | 222 | 47,909 | — | 48,131 } 17,067 | 117,167 | — | 184,234 1902 527 | 19,313 | — 11,230 | 47,389 | 538 | 49,166 | — | 49,704 } 16,520 | 102,540} —— | 119,060 1903 423 | 31,658 | — 12,809 | 49,186 | 527 | 58,214 | — | 53,741 | 15,833 | 126.597 | —— | 142,430 1904 | 460 | 22,882} — 17,523 | 62,695 | 421 | 49,522 — | 49,943 } 8,210 7,759| — | 15,969 1905 341 | 20,972 | — 18,206 | 58,486 | 369 | 55,010 | — | 55,379 | 6,318 6,623 | -- | 12,941 1906 78 | 17,885 | 234 22,086 | 65,796 | 284 | 65,178 | 260 | 65,722 | 3,960} 5,709 }1,627) 11,296 1907 170 | 20,576 | 224 23,246 | 73,347 | 226 | 68,251 | 247 | 68,724 | 5,488 3,492 |1,217| 10,197 1908 62 | 21,587 | 173 16,894 | 89,463 | 292 | 69,410 | 432| 70,184} 5,682] 2,413 |1,212} 9,307 ~ of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 179 1888 1889) 1890 1891 1892 | Year el eal ot ste el Ft lL ba SKATES AND Rays Line Year} Line aes | | | es tk dL a fe ire ve ete age Ui cs Ue ec PLAICE Trawl Fa “ = Orr Paes lestataie We lecterbal are Ae ket. iret Feat eat Oh 27 wo Co ~1 SAD bo S or Ram — . er ferfey === ta al Ul Get foe Ls Uae Ll | a ha “ LENE AAT ANP eT> ella etd WS Ke Veilaleslede Ueto esl aleclepe ton Lt Soren) ae) Rs aN Ore OO ee Ml 0) ww Ss ~ aBeEe uo “ Se te EAU fe tool a fete et rl ect talline “1M 10 STS es eet oat at Net | Total {Line|Trawl/Total} Line | Trawl Ee lelBlSi biPlslishs Is lalats' ee ~ “ Total Ft este an elie Eee IW or CO He OLS D OO kt He DO Mrcrims Toray Fuar FisH Line | Trawl | Net | Total —_ — — |108,461 —_— — —_ 113,965 == -- — |132,677 -—- — — {131,702 3,258] 97,024; — |140,282 3,306} 89,781| — |133,087 9,133] 90,760] — |139,893 7,388)111,652) — /|159,040 53,541/123,058| — |176,599 55,387|106,885) — |162,272 ne 118,248) — |166,818 592}151,353) — |198,945 19, 072 161, 571| — |210,643 3. 948|196,818} — |260,766 53,744 182,249} — |235,993 53, 160|224,278| — |277,438 564, 722 212, 891) — |277,613 56,361 207.463 — (263,824 54,961 220,267/4,683 279,911 ; ,488}218, 705)/4, 944/288, 137 11,411 9, 230 203, 491\4,193/296,914 Net | Total Line | Trawl | UNCLASSIFIED KINDS Net | Total 2, 057 Line GrRanD ToTaL WHITE FIsH Trawl Net Total — il — |1,454,175 == 1.6 760,408 815, 425 bo for) oO for) —_ | 1. a 803 1,627,754 1,879,866 2,189,933 4 |2,325,994 2,238,310 2,502,668 2,401,287 2,229. 679 1,352,421 |2,647,768 671,064 |2,975,655 838,089 |3,168,696 "166,548 |2,511,195 0 cp CO ie DD 9 So Ww co —I RBS 1 992,184 |1, 979,684 |1, 180 Part III —Twenty-seventh Annual Report TABLE III.—SHELLFISH. Scotland—(1) Quantities. I. Hast Coast. Year. | Oysters. | Mussels. | Clams. | Lobsters. Crabs. {Unclassified Number. Cwts. Cwts. Number. Number. Cwts. 1883 | 414,700 214,700 — 102,400 31,598* 20,176 1884 | 95,000 | 179,076 = 111,924 38,356* | 15,345 1885 | 45,500 | 183,184 ze 109,500 | 3,106,100 | 15,907 1886 51,100 168,482 9,100 123,625 2,119,300 15,553 1887 | 52,600 | 181,026 17,394 98,600 | 2,103,400 14,682 1888 | 43,400 | 199,961 20,674 85,825 | 2,967,600 14,415 1889 | 31,500 | 168,905 23,811 82,278 | 2,609,025 14,013 1890 | 16,900 | 150,366 25,706 94,114 | 2,733,596 20,288 1891 | 24,400 | 165,711 28,512 | 109,139 | 2,975,300 19,334 1892 | 18,800 | 132,089 20,709 | 135,896 | 3,026,992 20,389 1893 | 25,900 | 127,737 17,674 | 138,316 | 3,163,867 20,349 1894 | 26,500 97,378 25,554 | 113,945 | 2,568,495 18,267 1895 | 27,300 | 125,462 19,466 | 103,660 | 2,405,840 14,261 1896 | 13,100 | 148,658 | 22.335 96,484 | 3,256,935 16,027 1897 9,700 | 175,238 18,983 | 117,581 | 3,267,254 14,715 1898 4,000 | 128,005 13,600 92,340 | 3,533,020 15,795 1899 7,900 90,445 11,611 85,077 | 2,961,152 13,078 1900 2,600 79,425 6,258 74,911 | 2,999,519 12,852 1901 | 30,600 63,224 6,482 89,009 | 3,000,000 14,858 1902 | 28,937 59,123 4,320 91,841 | 2,878,492 14,278 1903 | 24,600 78,094 4,606 99,606 | 2,427,001 17,041 1904 | 18,700 70,623 6,974 | 127,308 | 2,202,393 15,010 1905 | 14,700 77,902 7,843 | 112,299 | 1,801,022 12,648 1906 = 79,529 7,381 93,319 | 1,909,353 13,228 1907 6,000 73,774 elie 96,167 | 1,998,567 13,491 1908 | 14,900 82,711 8,623 | 104,332 | 2,573,158 12,508 II. Orkney and Shetland. Year. | Oysters. | Mussels. Clams. Lobsters. Crabs. /Unclassified Number. Cwts. Cwts. Number. | Number. Cwts. 1883 | 6,000 500 ae 46,800 _ 9,688 1884 7,200 1,200 — 62,100 85* 8,038 1885 7,700 1,400 — 72,800 11,200 8,774 1886 | 5,550 5,420 ue 107,750 9,500 | 13,445 1887 4,000 6,490 — 68,700 5,000 12,853 1888 1,800 4,280 -— 93,400 8,400 15,923 1889 — 3,410 — 82,850 7,000 11,447 1890 8,000 3,505 — 101,450 9,650 8,772 1891 2,000 2,110 -— 92,300 17,400 6,171 1892 3,000 4,510 — 124,600 17,150 8,392 1893 900 3,290 — 126,850 17,850 6,434 1854 | = 1,600 7,305 -- 101,350 11,450 7,911 1895 | — 1,000 7,100 — 94,200 41,800 6,508 1896 | 1,200 7,650 —_ 79,000 19,900 7,092 1897 | 700 6, 100 _ 107,400 39,700 7,828 1898 | — 2,558 -— 102,403 17,800 7,320 1899 | — 3,551 — 121,225 23,200 7,075 1900 | _ 5,510 — 104,489 18,200 5,818 1901 | — 1,619 — 119,204 16,000 4,413 1902 300 2,155 — 120,029 30,390 4,285 1903 — 757 = 184,244 17,404 3,046 1904 | ~ 537 11 161,560 12,900 3,996 1905 — 680 -~ 157,003 11,100 2,867 1906 | — 690 — | 161,537 12,300 2,544 1907 800 640 — 164,878 27,294 3,093 1908 3,200 860 — 127,877 31,500 3,044 * Cwts. of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 181 Ill. West Coast. Year. | Oysters. | Mussels. Clams. Lobsters. Crabs. [Unclassified Number. Cwts. Cwts. Number Number. Cwts. 1883 | 224,900 66,369 _ 600,600 3,795* | 19,552 1884 | 415,400 69,072 - 553,150 3,032* | 17,863 1885 | 167,000 59,678 _ 774,000 | 132,600 29,515 1886 | 239,000 87,360 oa 517,975 | 255,850 34,233 1887 | 156,400 88,780 — 513,800 | 107,300 27,903 1888 | 107,500 45,386 — 498,950 | 105,775 25,240 1889 | 280,433 16,519 6 411,320 | 158,275 28,170 1890 | 325,300 27,323 55 447,644 | 139,095 | 25,109 1891 | 324,800 63,344 14 484,197 99,700 25,225 1892 | 293,200 | 110,587 60 480,521 73,850 33,360 1893 | 288,900 | 108,719 10 456,170 | 123,315 38,498 1894 | 263,700 78,678 29 504,870 | 100,196 34,373 1895 | 211,100 61,335 69 412,120 | 100,600 31,940 1896 | 274,399 87,183 18 575,817 120,547 36,789 1897 | 391,200 99,638 27 504,257 187,442 33,514 1898 | 402,000 61,175 413 471,683 95,759 34,870 1899 | 462,191 75,674 514 521,720 | 128,155 35,669 1900 | 793,860 58,487 114 501,124 | 110,309 38,058 1901 | 592,800 37,698 105 581,746 | 136,500 38, 207 1902 | 262,316 34,385 — 574,482 167,374 36,906 1903 | 187,010 24,107 — 471,629 | 121,335 35,356 1904 | 231,400 20,982 8 507,536 | 184,044 38,025 1905 | 203,300 24,345 5 491,056 | 178,209 37,705 1906 | 389,650 48,267 10 476,706 | 169,954 29,822 1907 |1,013,480 52,039 20 453,830 | 191,710 28,165 1908 | 924,261 37,590 10 456,802 132,054 Spaeal LTV. All Coasts. Year. | Oysters. -| Mussels. Clams. | Lobsters. Crabs. Unclassified Number. OCwts. Cwts. Number. Number. Cwts. 1883 | 645,600 281,569 = 749,800 35,393* 49,416 1884 | 517,600 249,348 = 727,174 41,473* 41,246 1885 | 220,200 244,262 = 956,300 3,249,900 54,196 1886 | 295,650 261,262 9,100 749, 350 2,384,650 63,231 1887 | 213,000 | 276,296 | 17,394 | 681,100 | 2,215,700 | 55,438 188s | 152,700 | 249,627 | 20,674 | 678,175 | 3,081,775 | 55,578 1889 | 311,933 | 188,834 | 23,817 | 576,448 | 2,774,300 | 53,631 1890 | 350,200 | 181,194 | 25,761 | 643,208 | 2,882,341 | 54,169 1891 | 351,200 | 231,165 | 28,526 | 685,636 | 3,092,400 | 50,730 1892 | 315,000 | 247,186 | 20,769 | 741,017 | 3,117,992 | 62,137 1893 | 315,700 | 239,746 | 17,684 | 721,336 | 3,305,032 | 65,281 1894 | 291,800 | 183,361 | 25,583 | 720,165 | 2,680,141 | 60,551 1895 | 239,400 | 193,897 | 19,535 | 609,980 | 2,548,240 | 52,709 1896 | 288,699 | 243.491 | 22,353 | 751,301 | 3,397,382 | 59,908 1897 | 401,600 | 280,976 | 19,258 | 729,238 | 3,494,396 | 56,057 1898 | 406,000 | 191,738 | 14,013 | 666,426 | 3,646,579 | 57,985 1899 | 470,091 | 169,670 | 12,125 | 728,022 | 3,112,507 | 55,822 1900 | 796,460 | 143,422 6,372 | 680,474 | 3,128,028 | 56,728 1901 | 623,400 | 102,541 6,587 | 789,959 | 3,152,500 | 57,478 1902 | 290,853 | 95,663 4.320 | 786,352 | 3,076,256 | 55,469 1903 | 211,610 | 102,958 4.606 | 705,479 | 2,565,740 | 55,443 1904 | 250,100 | 92,142 6,993 | 796,404 | 2,399,337 | 57,031 1905 | 218,000 | 102,927 7,848 | 760,358 | 1,990,331 | 53,220 1906 | 389,650 | 128,486 7.391 | 731,562 | 2,091,607 | 45,594 1907 [1,020,280 | 126,453 7,197 | 714,875 | 2,217,571 | 44,749 1908 | 942,361 | 121,161 8.633 | 689,011 | 2,736,712 | 49,263 Part ITI.—Twenty-seventh Annual Report Year. | Oysters. 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 SHELLFISH. Scotland—(2) Values. I. Hast Coast. py S- Mussels. | Clams. (Lobsters.| Crabs. ras ers. ed. can Be £ 35 & 2,583 / 13,487 5,483 18,252 2,654 547 | 112/210 == 5,794 22,428 2,163 273 | 12,224 = D.O12 22,839 2,304. 325 | 11,308 1,256 6,375 12,427 2,118 327 11,415 2,320 4,954 11,611 2,149 260 13,029 2,918 4,324 14,207 2,119 1765) 10,432 2,563 4,157 12,770 2,141 105 9,512 3,297 4,803 13,900 3,097 139 11,338 3,347 5,691 14,789 3,085 1p Ry 9,534 Dees 6,505 16,254 3,170 150 8,935 2,385 6,122 14,762 3,208 148 6,527 3,309 5,715 12,538 3,049 150 8,441 2,627 4,751 12,285 2,416 69 9,469 2,910 4,939 15,205 2,623 43 9,496 2,368 6,245 17,668 2.30% 16 7,159 1,555 4,547 ical) 2,651 alk 5,026 1,446 4,644. 18,133 2,014 11| 4,156 846 | 4,156 | 17,219 2,173 140 3,403 786 4,884 18,068 2,448 is 3,212 586 5,297 17,649 Droit 125 4,499 637 beoid 15,517 2,990 82 4,087 940 6,468 13,807 2,582 47 4,071 1,128 5,674. 10,986 2,091 —- 4,111 1,082 4,841 12,493 2.13% 23 3,309 949 5,088 125853 2,166 57 | 3,590 1,262 5,489 15,752 2,065 Il. Orkney and Shetland. Mussels. |Clams.| Lobsters. Crabs. esa £ £ a5 ay £ £ 31 25 = 2,340 — 1,352 38 300 == 3,105 16 1,165 40 210 ae 3,640 34 1,362 De 478 — 5,488 30 222i 22 644 — 3,561 iy 1,967 5 348 == 4,966 25 2,579 = 280 oo 4,574 24 1,861 36 186 = 5,435 46 1,330 8 13174 = 5,170 92 880 12 238 = 6,134 79 1,286 4 167 = 5,267 66 898 7 392 4,224 60 1,059 4 377 a= 4,680 368 864 5 388 ue 3,234 111 918 3 453 5,675 170 1,010 = 143 — 6,391 75 1,065 = 253 6,644. 95 1,052 — 302 See 6,072 109 907 a= 90 ex 6,476 95 612 1 162 = 6,125 166 514 = 99 == 6,959 98 442 ee 57 2) 8,740 55 611 59 — 8,807 51 505 = 67 dos 9,113 58 429 33 56 eae 9,068 204 650 13 yb ees 7,398 224 549 Total Value. £ 3,748 4,624 5,286 8,239 6,211. 7,923 6,739 7,033 6,267 7,749 6,402 5,742 6,293 4,656 TOLL 7,674 8,044 7,440 7,273 6,968 7,698 9,465 9,422 9,667 9,981 8,251 of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 183 III. West Coast. Year. | Oysters.) Mussels. |Clams.| Lobsters. | Crabs. Vineet Os £ £ £ £ & £ & 1883 792 3,036 — 25,143 | 1,464 6,303 36,738 1884 | 1,589 | 3,552 | — | 21,043 | 1,355 5,634 | 33,173 1885 496 2,933 — 25,869 867 10,530 40,695 1886 948 3,078 — 18,642 | 1,087 7,484 31,239 1887 616 3,352 — 18,132 679 5,549 28,328 1888 477 1,989 — 18,803 485 5,194 26,948 1889 | 1,278 965 1 15,718 603 5,659 24,224 1890 | 1,385 1,503 14 18,102 622 5,240 26,866 1891 | 1,421 2,874 3 20,807 414 5,990 31,509 1892 | 1,408 4,734 3 19,888 377 8,021 34,431 1893 | 1,327 4,240 3 19,147 541 8,109 33,367 1894 | 1,086 3,580 8 19,477 388 8,321 32,860 1895 953 3,308 18 16,125 492 8,644 29,470 1896 | 1,084 5,093 5 21,545 514 9,542 37,783 1897 | 1,568 4,413 40 20,506 557 9,831 36,915 1898 | 1,572 3,017 40 18,982 430 12,010 36,051 1899 | 1,853 3,579 39 22,862 533 12,347 41,213 1900 | 3,177 3,109 15 21,816 461 S27. 39,905 1901 | 2,307 2,483 16. 25,283 535 13,463 44,087 1902 | 1,077 2,071 — 25,692 705 12,010 41,555 1903 769 1,686 — 22,297 699 11,547 36,998 1904 855 1,902 2 23,115 678 12,817 39,369 1905 818 1,935 1 21,836 638 12,015 37,243 1906 | 1,568 3,044 1 22,003 631 10,750 37,997 1907 | 3,430 2,969 4 20,794 717 9,921 37,835 1908 | 3,341 1,872 2 20,861 539 10,981 37,596 IV. All Coasts. Year. | Oysters.|Mussels.|Clams.| Lobsters. | Crabs. oe ae 20 ES ES £ £ £ & 1883 | 3,406 | 16,548) — 32,966 19,716 10,309 82,945 1884 | 2,174 | 16,062 | — 29,942 23,799 8,962 80,939 1885 809 | 15,367 | — 35,081 23,740 14,196 89,193 1886 | 1,295 | 14,864 |1,256| 30,505 13,544 11,823 73,287 1887 | 965 | 15,411 | 2,320| 26,647 12,307 9,665 67,315 1888 742 | 15,366 | 2,918) 28,093 14,717 9,892 71,728 1889 | 1,453 | 11,677 | 2,564| 24,449 13,397 9,661 63,201 1890 | 1,526 | 11,201 | 3,311) 28,340 14,568 9,667 - | 68,613 1891 | 1,568 | 14,329 | 3,850; 31,668 15,295 9,955 76,165 1892 | 1,532 | 14,506 | 2,736) 32,527 16,710 12,477 80,488 1893 1,481 | 13,342 | 2,388; 30,536 15,369 12,238 75,354 1894 | 1,241 | 10,499 |3,317| 29,416 12,986 12,429 69,888 1895 | 1,107 | 12,126 | 2,645| 25,556 13,075 11,924 66,433 1896 | 1,158 | 14,950 | 2,915} 29,718 15,830 13,083 77,65 1897 | 1,614 | 14,562 | 2,408| 32,426 18,395 | 13,198 82,403 1898 | 1,588 | 10,319 |1,595| 29,920 17,982 | 15,726 77,130 1899 1,884 8,858 | 1,485! 34,150 18,761 15,413 80,551 1900 3,188 7,617 | 861) 32,044 17,789 14,407 75,906 1901 . 2,447 5,976 | 802) 36,643 18,698 16,523 81,089 1902 1,251 5,445 | 586] 37,114 18,520 15,035 77,951 1903 894 6,207 | 637) 34,567 16,314 14,979 73,598 1904 937 6,046 | 944] 38,323 14,540 16,010 76,800 1905 865 6,065 | 1,129| 36,317 11,675 14,611 70,662 1906 1,568 7,222 |1,083| 35,957 13,182 13,310 72,322 1907 | 3,456 6,334 | 953) 34,950 13,774 12,737 72,204 1908 3,411 5,529 | 1,264! 33,748 | 16,515 13,595 74,062 184 Part I1I,—Twenty-seventh Annual Report Scotland—l1. Hast Coast. Percentage of Total Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of Value of Shellfish ie of East Coast to ear. Total Value)Total Value . of Shellfish] of All Fish Oysters! Mussels. | Clams. | Lobsters.| Crats. | Unelassi-jof Whole of| of East fied. Scotland. | Coast. 1883 | 6°08 31°77 — 12°91 42°99 6:25 51:19 — 1884 | 1:27 28°30 — 13°43 51°99 501 53°30 — 1885 03 28°29 — 12°89 52°85 Daa 48°45 — 1886 96 33°45 3°72 18°86 36°76 6°26 46°13 — 1887 | 1:00 34°82 7°08 15°11 35°42 6°56 48°69 — 1888 “70 35°35 7:92 11°73 38°55 5°75 51:38 — 1889 D4 32°36 GD 12°90 39°61 6°64 51:01 2°91 1890 30 27°40 9°50 13°84 40°04 8°92 50°59 2°93 1891 “36 29°54 8°72 14°83 38°52 8°04 50°40 2:96 1892 29 24°89 Gas 16°98 42°42 8°28 47°59 3°07 1893 “42 25°11 6°70 17:20 41°48 9:08 47°22 2°83 1894 “AT 20°86 | 10°58 18°27 40°08 9:75 44°77 2°68 1895 "49 27°53 8°57 15°49 40°04 (ise 46°17 2°23 1896 20 26°89 8°26 14:02 43°18 7°45 45°35 2 88 1897 catalt 24°88 6°20 16°36 46°28 6°17 46°33 3°04 1898 “05 21°43 4°65 13°61 52°32 7°94 43°31 2°32 1899 10 16°06 4°62 14°84 57°94 6°44 38°85 1:96 1900 04 14°55 2°96 14°55 60°28 7°61 37°63 1:72 1901 AT 11°45 2°65 16°43 60°78 8°24 36°66 1:86 1902 “59 10°91 Logs) 18-00 59°97 8°52 ois 151 1903 “43 15°25 2:20 18°31 53°50 | 10°31 39°41 1°63 1904 29 14°61 3°36 23°13 49°37 9°23 36°41 1:73 1905 “20 16°96 4°70 23°64. 45°78 8:71 33°96 1:37 1906 = 16°67 4°39 19°63 50°67 8:65 34°09 1-2 1907 ‘09 15°56 3°89 20°86 52°70 8°88 33°78 1:07 1908 20 12°72 4°47 19°46 55°83 7°32 38°10 157 Il. Orkney and Shetland. Percentage of Total a Value of Shellfish of ose Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of Orkney & Shoneaane 5 Total Value|Total Value . jof Shellfish|ofAll Fish of Oysters} Mussels.| Clams. | Lobsters. | Crabs. mee yee poe end 1883 | °83 67 = 62°44 = 36°07 4°52 oa 1884 | °82 6°49 = 67°15 | 19) 25°19 5°71 — 1885 | ‘76 3°97 — 68°86 64 Y5-77 5°93 i 1886 | ‘27 5°80 — 66°61 "36 26°96 11°24 — 1887 | °35 10°37 — By Si 27 31°67 9°23 = 1888 | °06 4°39 —_ 62°68 coe 32°55 11:05 —_ 1889 = 4°16 a 67°85 *36 27 62 10°66 6 04 1890 | °51. 2°64 — 77°28 65 18°91 10°25 5°44. 1891 | -13 1°87 — 82°50 1°47 14:04 8°23 4°33 1892 | °15 | 8:07 ree 79°16 1:02 16°60 9°63 8°64 1893 | :06 2°61 _— 82:27 1:03 14:03 8°50 5:00 1894 | °12 6°83 — 73°56 1°04 18°44 8:22 3°14 1895 | -06 5:99 — 74°37 5°85 sieves 9°47 3°70 1896 | ‘11 8°33 sss 69°46 2°38 19°72 6:00 2°88 1897 | °04 6°20 — 77:62 eae 13°81 8°87 4°33 1898 = 1:86 — 83°28 98 13°88 9:95 4°09 1899 — 3°15 eae 82°60 1:18 13°08 9:99 2°61 1900 —— 4°73 — 81°61 1°47 12°19 9°80 2°04 1901 = 1°24 — 89°04 isi 8°41 8:97 1°92 1902 | -O1 Deo, = 87°90 2°38 7°38 8°94 1:96 1903 = 1°30 =: 91°59 1:29 5°82 10°32 Quy 1904 — “60 02 92°34 58 6°46 12°32 2°38 1905 — 63 a 93°47 4. 5°36 13°33 1°43 1906 ose 69 —_ 94°26 60 4°44 Oso 1°46 1907 | :03 56 a 90°85 2°04 6°51 13°82 1:57 1908 | °16 81 — 89°66 eréib 6°65 11:14 7 of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 185 I Il. West Coast. Percentage of Total » ES Percentage, to l’otal Value of Shellfish, of Slane | —_$_$ $C) Potal ValuelTotal Value Oysters) Mussels. | Cl Fob abs, | Unelassi- Of Whole aff of West, ysters Mussels. ams. obsters.} Crabs. fed. guctlec iach 1883 | 2°16 8:27 == 68°44 3°96 17°16 44°29 = 1884 | 4°79; 10°71 —_ 63°43 4:09 16°98 40°99 = ESB) | he. 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Percentage of Total Value Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of of Shellfish of East Coast to Year. Total Value |Total Value of Shellfish ofjof All Fish Lobsters. | Crabs. Oysters. |Unclassified| England and} of Hast Wales. Coast. 1886 1°74 8°60 59°65 30°01 77°78 6°23 1887 1:28 9°83 60°22 28°67 78°84 7°37 1888 1:48 11:97 45°08 41°48 76°19 5°95 1889 1°71 12°50 43°37 49°42 68°17 6°68 1890 1°47 11°79 50°42 36°32 65°36 7-01 1891 1°59 10°99 46°30 41:12 68:03 6:97 1892 2°35 12°08 41°40 44°17 62°95 5-90 1893 2°94. 12°54 34°81 49°71. 62°65 5°34 1894 Deal 12°94 30°57 53°78 61°61 4°58 1895 Belz, 13°52 29°41 53°95 61°62 4°43 1896 3°30 ae Deon 50:20 62°43 5°02 1897 2°88 11:03 42°49 43°59 67°32 4°93 1898 2°67 11327/ 43°47 40°59 65°47 5-14 ‘1899 2°55 11°55 49°38 36°51 66:03 4°70 1900 2°43 12°95 44°26 40°36 69°69 4°59 1901 3°14 17°54 49°22 30°10 64°37 3°84 1902 2°80 18°80 48°58 29°83 62°58 ole 1903 3°38 18°39 41°43 36°80 64:13 3°03 1904 3°33 14°64 46:23 35°79 67°02 3°56 1905 2°52 15°10 46°87 35°51 66°86 3°33 1906 2°67 14°38 49°44 33°51 62°79 ope 1907 ~ 2°36 14:03 48°45 35°16 61°48 3°14 (2) South Coast. \Percentage of Total Value Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of of Shellfish of South oe Coast to Year. | Total Value |Total Value of Shellfish ofjof All Fish Lobsters. | Crabs. Oysters. |Unclassified| England and| of South Wales. Coast. 1886 27°85 39°69 14:28 18°18 19-08 1d-19 1887 31°21 39°27 11°34 18°18 18°24 12°78 1888 28°89 43°20 9°56 18°35 20°42 11-09 1889 30°31 39°50 10°35 14°84 ~ 20°01 10°85 1890 39°22 34°12 11°48 15°19 19°61 12°43 1891 36°04 30°55 13°23 20°19 18°24 12°40 1892 34°31 34°97 13°54 17°18 23°37 14°24 1893 28°50 34°34 14°99 22°18 22°15 13°44 1894 27°52 33°95 15°55 22°97 23°24 12°96 1895 29°38 39°16 8°79 22°67 21°84 11°95 1896 29°42 40°29 11:00 19°29 21°26 12°38 1897 27°46 38°41 13:06 21:08 20°82 11°26 1898 25°27 40°49 12°85 21°39 21°64 13°93 1899 23°28 38°57 13°15 25°01 20°91 13°44 1900 25°66 34°04 12°20 28°10 17:08 10°80 1901 26°54 33°52 12°93 27°01 18°80 9°70 1902 27°12 33°17 15°51 24°21 20°14 10°62 1903 29°45 42°27 3°06 25°21 17-00 9°57 1904 28°35 41°57 5°76 24°33 17°93 10°20 1905 24°72 42°45 5°02 27°80 21:07 11:05 1906 25°96 44:16 6°96 22°93 19°75 13°85 1907 24°09 38°27 7°50 30°14 21°17 14°88 Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of of the Fishery Board for Scotland. (8) West Coast. IGE Percentage of Total Value of Shellfish of West Coast to Year. Total Value |Total Value ) of Shellfish of of All Fish Lobsters. | Crabs. | Oysters. |Unclassified| England and| of West Wales. Coast. 1886 12°91 11:87 34°52 40°70 3°14 598 1887 20°19 15°58 26°13 38°10 2°93 5°66 1888 25°21 20°46 17°16 37°17 3°39 2°65 1889 14°01 9°10 18.94 57°96 11°82 7°61 1890 22°72 5:26 24°02 48-00 15°01 7°82 1891 10°34 5°36 =| «=25°58 58°73 13°73 8°56 1892 10°31 645° | 21°16 62:07 13°68 7:68 1893 8°85 654 | 25°04 59°57 15°20 9°20 1894 13-70 7704 | 31°53 47°72 15°15 8°16 1895 8°10 5°75 30°87 55°28 16°54 8°86 1896 30°25 6:08 19°56 44-11 16°31 8-71 1897 14°28 7°23 19-03 59°46 11°87 5°60 1898 19-06 7°36 14°83 58°74 12°89 5°53 1899 14°84 4°38 15°92 64°86 13:07 6-90 1900 12°23 3°45 19EL 64°61 13°23 6°50 1901 10°93 2°99 | 19°05 67°03 16°83 7:07 1902 11°49 3°21 | 18°39 66°91 17°28 6°48 1903 10°29 2°64 | 12°86 74°21 18°87 6°47 1904 10°55 Gn) 45 tbe i 79s6o 15°04 541 1905 8°55 5°37 | 11°58 74°50 12:07 4-20 1906 5°70 3°81 5:00 85°49 17°46 5°45 1907 3°93 ‘ 3°25 | 3°29 89°53 17°35 i 462, (4) England and Wales. Percentage of Percentage, to Total Value of Shellfish, of Total Value of Shellfish of Eng- Year. land and Wales te : Total Value of Ali Lobsters. Crabs. Oysters. | Unclassified. | Fish of England and Wales. 1886 7:07 14°63 50°21 28°09 6°80 1887 7:29 15°37 50°31 27:03 7°98 1888 7°88 18°63 36°88 36°61 6°29 1889 9°89 17°50 33°87 38°74 7°35 1890 12-06 15°19 38°82 33°93 7°89 1891 9-08 13°78 37°42 39°72 7°79 1892 10°91 16°66 32°12 40°31 7712 1893 9°50 16°46 28°93 45°11 6°65 1894 10°14 16°93 27°23 45°70 5°85 1895 9°68 17°83 25°15 47°34 5°68 1896 13°25 17°75 26°36 42°64 6°24 1897 9°35 16°28 33°58 40°79 5°68 1898 9°67 18°40 33°15 38°77 6:02 1899 8°49 16°26 37°44 37°81 5°71 1900 7°69 15°29 35°54 41°47 5°32 1901 “8°85 18:09 37°33 39°73 4°74 1902 9-21 18°99 36°70 35°10 4°69 1903 9°12 19°47 29°52 41°90 3°87 1904 8°90 18°12 32°64 40°33 4:28 1905 7°93 19°69 33°80 38°58 4:03 1906 7°80 18°42 33°29 40°49 4:07 1907 7°23 17°29 31°94 43°53 4-04 J ey om Ai Se PAM . : A a oe a - ' HOI! 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