aS a November 20, 1920

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> ot ae A iets Region abe

cipeges la os
Mary Sophie Young, Ph.D.

PUBLISHED BY
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
AUSTIN

Publications of the University of Texas — me

Publications Committee:

FREDERIC DUNCALF' OC. T. GRAY
KILLIS CAMPBELL EK. J. MATHEWS
D. B. CASTEEL C. E. Rowe
FE. W. GRAFF A. E. TROMBLY

The University publishes bulletins six times a month, ©
so numbered that the first two digits of the number show —
the year of issue, the last two the position in the yearly *
series. (For example, No. 1701 is the first bulletin of the ~
year.1917.) These comprise the official publications of the
University, publications on humanistic and scientific sub- —
jects, bulletins prepared by the Bureau of Extension, by the n
Bureau of Government Research, and by the Bureau of Eco-—
nomic Geology and Technology, and: other bulletins of gen- ~
eral educational interest. With the exception of special num-
bers, any bulletin will be sent to a citizen of Texas free on
request. All communications about University publications ~
should be addressed to University Publications, Univer
of Texas, Austin.

12-29-20-1357-6274-1m

University of Texas Bulletin

No. 2065: November 20, 1920

The Seed Plants, Ferns, and Fern Allies
of the Austin Region

By
Mary Sophie Young, Ph.D.

PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY SIX TIMES A MONTH, AND ENTERED AS?
SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THE POSTOFFICE AT AUSTIN, TEXAS,
UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912

The benefits of education and of
useful knowledge, generally diffused
through a community, are essential
to the preservation of a free govern-
ment.

Sam Houston

Cultivated mind is the guardian
genius of democracy. ... It is the
only dictator that freemen acknowl-
edge and the only security that free-
men desire.

Mirabeau B. Lamar

PREFACE

The manuscript for this publication was prepared by Dr. Mary
Sophie Young from material of two sources: her own collections
and those placed in the herbarium by various other botanists who
preceded her at the University of Texas. It embodies, with very
few exceptions, only those species whose identity she considered un
questionable, leaving out numerous other species which she con-
sidered doubtfully placed or perhaps undescribed. While a majority
of the species to be found in the vicinity of Austin are certainly in-
cluded, this work is not to be expected to include them all. It rep-
resents six years of as intensive collection as was possible for an
enthusiastic, enegetic, and thoroughly capable person who was doing
at the same time a full share of teaching work. Very few, if any,
specimens found in the herbarium when she began were not verified
or corrected by her own collections. But to obtain what would justly
be termed a complete representation of practically all the species to
be found in the Austin region will require many years of intensive
collection on the part of a corps of workers whose full time shall be
devoted to this work alone. Nevertheless, this bulletin does con-
stitute-an invaluable foundation upon which subsequent workers may
build with comparative ease. With exceptional skill Dr. Young
has in it not only blazed a trail; she has actually builded a highway.

The manuscript was complete except the preface at the time of her
death, March 5, 1919. It is here offered without amendments other
than the insertion of a few descriptions where she had indicated her
purpose to put them. Planned to supplement her Key to the Families
and Genera of the Wild Plants of Austin, Texas, it should be used
in conjunction with that work. The two together should bring the
identification of the commoner plants of central Texas within the
power of any person who is reasonably intelligent and who is willing
to devote a little time to familiarizing himself with a few technical
terms which are essential to brevity and clearness in description.

With certainty that it constitutes a valuable contribution to the
science of systematic botany, and with confidence that it will fill a
need expressed by frequent letters of request for reference to “some
work that will enable one to know the wild flowers of Texas,” thus
stimulating interest in a study of systematic botany on the part of
lay students over the state, this posthumous publication is offered
the Texas public.

B. C. THARP.
Nov. 8, 1920. Department of Botany, University of Texas.

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NEW ALK
BOTAN
GARDEN

THE SEED PLANTS, FERNS AND FERN ALLIES
OF THE AUSTIN REGION

PTERIDOPHYTES
OPHIOGLOSSALES
c OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Adder’s-tongue Family

Ophioglossum Engelmanni Prantle. Adder’s Tongue.
Rich soil in woods near dam.
Southeastern states.

FILICALES
SCHIZAEACEAE Curley-grass Family

Anemia mexicana KL. (Ornithopteris mexicana Underw.).

Rich soil in moist shaded slopes in “Devil’s Hollow” a tributary
canyon of the Colorado about 10 miles above Austin. A large fern
with glossy leathery leaves of which the lowest pair of pinnae are
elongated and spore-bearing.

Texas and Mexico.

POLYPODIACEAE

Adiantum Capillus-veneris L. Maidenhair fern.

Our most common fern. Very abundant on moist rock bluffs,
over-hanging the river and in ravines.

Warm temperate regions.

Asplenium resiliens Kuntze. Spleen wort.

On rock bluffs in ravines. A small fern with slender pinnate
leaves.

Southeastern states, Mexico and Jamaica.

Cheilanthes alabamensis Kuntze. Lip-fern.

On rock bluffs in ravines. The leaves are twice pinnate and some
of the segments lobed.

Southeastern states to Mexico.

Dryopteris patens Kuntze. Shield-fern.

A large, showy fern, with leaves erect or ascending, three or four
feet long.

Bull Creek region.

Southeastern states, California and Tropical America.

os University of Texas Bulletin

Notholaena dealbata Kuntze.

On rock bluffs along Barton Creek and Onion Creek. <A small fern
with its leaflets whitened below.

Southern central states.

Pellaea atropurpurea Link. Cliff-brake.

Rock bluffs in ravines. The leaves are twice pinnate below, once
above. The leathery leaflets are spore-bearing around their mar-
gins. The rachis is black. .

Widespread in North America.

Pellaea flexuosa Link.

Moist ravines. Larger than the preceding with leaves thrice pin-
nate. Easily recognized by its pink zigzag rachis divisions. A very
beautiful and singular fern.

California to Texas and Mexico and in South America.

Polypodium polypodioides A. S. Hitchcock (P. incanum Sw.). Poly-
pody. :

A small fern growing on tree trunks. The leathery evergreen
leaves are covered on the under surface with reddish-centered gray
scales.

Southeastern states and tropical America.

SALVINIALES
MARSILEACEAE Mafsilea Family

Marsilea vestita Hook & Grev. Water Fern.
Abundant in muddy ground along creeks. A _ slender stemmed
creeping perennial with leaves similar to a 4-leafed clover.
Widespread in North America.

EQUISETALES
EQUISETACEAE Horsetail Family

Equisetum robustum A. Br. Horsetail, Scouring Rush.

Along the bank of Barton Creek above the bridge. and on Walnut
Creek.

A leafless rush-like plant with hollow, pointed stems.

Widespread in North America.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 7

LYCOPODIALES
SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella Family

Selaginella apus Spring. Creeping Selaginella.

Wet ground along Onion Creek. A delicate creeping, moss-like
plant.

Widespread in eastern North America.

Selaginella arenicola Underw.

Abundant in the post oak woods. It has the appearance of a coarse
moss with the stem tip upright and tufted.

Southeastern states.

GYMNOSPERMS
PINALES (CONIFERALES)
JUNIPERACEAE Juniper Family

Laxodium distichum L. C. Rich. Cypress, Swamp Cypress, Bald
Cypress. |

Along the Colorado River, and on Onion Creek.

A large and beautiful deciduous conifer tree, abundant in the
cypress swamps of east Texas. Occurring in similar habitats in the
Atlantic and Gulf coastal regions and in the southern Mississippi
Valley.

Sabina sabinoides Small. (Juniperus sabinoides Sargent) Mountain

’ Cedar.

Abundant on limestone hillsides, especially of the Edwards Plateau,
often forming pure cedar forests. 7

A Texas and New Mexican species, probably derived from S. vir-
giniana.

Sabina virginiana Antoine. (Juniperus virginiana L.). Red Cedar.
Occasional in the valleys, and in the more moist woods with S. sabi-
noides. The berries are smaller than those of the preceding species
and the twigs more slender.
The common red cedar of the eastern states.

GNETALES
GNETACEAE Gnetum Family

Ephedra nevadensis Wats. Joint Fir.

A leafless shrub with slender. jointed, green branches, found in a
few niaces on the bluffs of the Colorado River and Bartcn Creek.

A characteristic plant of the arid southwest.

8 University of Texas Bulletin

ANGIOSPERMS
I. MONOCOTYLEDONS
PANDANALES

TYPHACEAE Cat-tail Family

Typha latifolia L. Cat-tail.
In the ponds of the Insane Asylum and of the University campus.
One of the most wide-spread of plants. In ponds throughout al-
most the entire northern hemisphere.

NAIADALES
ZANICHELLIACEAE, Pondweed Family (Under Naiadacease)

Zanichellia palustris L. Horned Pondweed.

Abundant in Barton Creek and the Asylum ponds, growing sub-
merged. A delicate, slender plant with narrow leaves.

Widespread in the northern hemisphere.

Potamogeton lucens L. Pondweed.

Abundant in Barton Creek and in the ponds of the Asylum. Sub-
merged, except the flower stalks and flower clusters.

Widespread in North America and Europe.

ALISMALES
ALISMACEAE Water-plantain Family

Sagittaria platyphylla J. G. Smith. Arrow-leaf, Arrow-head.
Abundant in Barton Creek. Partly submerged. Its leaf blades and
clusters of white flowers exserted from the water.
Ponds and swamps of the southern Mississippi Valley and Texas.

POALES (GRAMINALES)
POACEAE (GRAMINEAE) Grass Family
Tribe Ardropogoneae
Amphilophis saccharoides (Sw.) Nash. Beard Grass. Abundant in
dry ground.
Andropogon argyraeus Schult. Silver Beard Grass.

Abundant in dry open grounds.
Southeastern states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 9

Andropogon glomeratus B.S. P.
Near the mouth of Barton Creek, along the stream.
Southern states.

Schizachyrium scoparium Nash. (Andropogon scoparius Michx.
Broom Grass. Blue-stem.
In dry open ground, along railroad tracks and roadsides.
Widely distributed throughout the eastern and central states.

Sorghastrum nutans Nash. Indian Grass.

Waste ground along railroad tracks. A coarse grass, four or five
feet tall.

Widespread in the eastern United States.

Sorghum halepense Pers. Johnson Grass.

Abundant everywhere in fields and waste places.

Introduced from Europe and Asia. Widely distributed in the
southern and eastern states.

Tribe Zoysieae

Hilaria texana Nash. (H. cenchroides var. texana Vasey.) Creeping
Mesquite.
Abundant on dry hillsides and in open ground along railroad tracks,
etc.
From central Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

Nazia aliena Scribn. Prickle-grass, Burdock-grass.

Occasional in waste places. Along railroad tracks.

Introduced from Europe and Asia. Abundant in the Rio Grande
Valley and near the Gulf Coast.

Tribe Tristegineae

Limnodea arkansana pilosa Nash.
Abundant in dry ground.
Louisiana and Texas.

Tribe Paniceae

Cenchrus tribuloides L. Grass Bur. Bur-grass. Sand Bur. (C.
carolinianus Walt. not C. tribuloides Britton and Brown.)
Dry open ground. University campus, etc. Abundant and very
troublesome in lawns.
Widespread throughout the eastern and central states.

10 University of Texas Bulletin

Chaetochloa composita Scribn. Foxtail Grass.
Common in low ground.
South-central states and tropical America.

Chaetochloa glauca Scribn. Pigeon Grass. Yellow Foxtail. (Setaria
glauca L.)
Waste places. University campus.
Widespread in North America. Native of Europe.

Chaetochloa verticillata Seribn. (Setaria verticillata Beauv.) Fox-
tail Grass.
Roadsides and waste places.
Introduced from Europe. Widespread in the United States.

Echinochloa colona Link. (Panicum colonum L.) Jungle Rice.
Low ground and cultivated fields.
Southeastern states. _

Panicum cognatum Schult. (P. autumnale Bosc.) Fall Witch Gvass.
Dry and waste ground.
Widespread in the eastern and centra! states.

Panicum fuscum Sw.
University campus.
Southern Florida and Texas.

Panicum Helleri Nash.
Dry, rocky hillsides.
Southern Texas.

Panicum Lindheimeri Nash.
Rather rare.
Southeastern states.

Panicum obtusum HBK. Wire Grass.
Cultivated ground, University campus.
Southern plains states.

Panicum Reverchonii Vasey. “Chaparral Millett.”
Roadsides, etc.
Texas.

Panicum Scribnerianum Nash.
Dry hillsides. Roadsides.
Widespread in eastern and central states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 11

Panicum texanum Buckl. Texas Millet.
Waste or cultivated ground. A tall grass easily recognized by its
velvety leaves.
Texas prairies. :
Paspalum Hallii Vasey and Scribn. (P. pubiflorwm Rupr.)
Moist soil along roadsides.
East Texas and Louisiana.

Paspalum stramineum Nash.
Roadsides, ete.
Southern-central states.

Syntherisma sanguinale Dulac. (Panicum sanguinale L.)Crab Grass.
Finger Grass.
Cultivated ground.
Introduced from Europe. Widespread in North America.

Tribe Oryzeae

Homolocenchrus oryzoides Poll. Rice Cut Grass.
Waller Creek.
Widespread in North America, Europe, and Asia.

Tribe Phalarideae

Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Canary Grass. Southern Canary Grass.
Moist soil. Abundant in the flood plain of Waller Creek.
Southern states: South Carolina to California.

Tribe Agrostideae

Alopecurus geniculatus L. Meadow Foxtail. Water Foxtail.
~In wet soil. Rare here.
Widespread in central and eastern states.

Aristida longiseta Steud. Needle Grass. Triple Awn Grass.
Abundant in dry ground. University campus.
From Washington and Montana to Texas and Mexico.

Aristida purpurea Nutt. Needle Grass. Triple Awn Grass.
Abundant in dry ground. University campus, etc.
Southern-central states.

Sporobolus vaginaeflorus Torr. Southern Poverty Grass. Sheathed
Rush Grass. Porcupine Grass.
Common on roadsides in dry places. University campus.
Eastern and central states.

12 University of Texas Bulletin

Stipa leucotricha Trin. Needle Grass. Awn Grass. Porcupine Grass.
Abundant in dry fields, roadsides or open woods. University cam-
pus, etc.
Texas.
Tribe Aveneae

Trisetum interruptum. Buckl.
Dry soil. University campus, ete.
Texas.

Tribe Chlorideae

Atheropogon curtipendulus Tourn. (Bouteloua curtipendula Torr.)
Tall Mesquite Grass. Side Oats. Grama Grass.
Common in dry soil. University campus, ete.
Common in the prairie states and eastward.

Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. (B. hirta Scribn.) Hairy Grama Grass.
Black Grama Grass. Mesquite Grass.
Dry ground.
Prairies of the central states.

Boutelou trifida Thurb. Mesquite Grass.
Dry hillsides.
Texas and Arizona.

Bulbilis dactyloides Raf. Buffalo Grass.
Dry ground. University campus, etc.
Plains and prairies of the central states.

Capriola dactylon Kuntze. Bermuda Grass.
Abundant everywhere. Used extensively for lawns.
Naturalized from Europe. Abundant in the southeastern states.

Chloris cucullata Bisch.
Gravelly soil.
Texas.

Chloris tenuispica Nash.
University campus, etc.
Texas.

Chloris verticillata Nutt. Windmill Grass.
Dry soil. University campus, etc.
Arkansas to Kansas and Texas.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 13

Eleusine indica Gaertn. Yard Grass. Crab Grass. Wire Grass. Goose
Grass.
Waste places.
Throughout aJmost the whole of North America.

Leptochloa mucronata Kunth. Feather Grass.
Abundant locally in meadows.
Southern states.

Polyodon texanus Nash. (Bouteloua texana S. Wats.) Texas Grama
Grass.
Abundant on dry hillsides.
Texas and Oklahoma.

Tribe Festuceae

Bromus secalinus L. Chess, Cheat.
Roadsides and waste places.
Naturalized from Europe. . Widespread in North America.

Bromus purgans texensis Shear.
Bluffs of the Colorado River. Moist soil.
Texas.

Bromus unioloides HBK. Rescue Grass. Brome Grass. Arctic Grass.
Common everywhere. University campus, etc. Waste and culti-

vated ground. One of the first grasses to bloom in the spring. *
Southern states and Mexico.

Eragrostis capillaris Nees. Lace Grass. Tiny Love Grass.
Dry woods.
Eastern and central states.

Eragrostic pilosa Beauv. Hairy Spear Grass. Slender Meadow Grass.
Widespread in eastern United States. Introduced from Europe.

Eragrostic secundiflora Presl. (E. interrupta Trelease.) Clustered
Love Grass.
Central states and Mexico.
Dry woods.

Erioneuron pilosum Nash.
Abundant on dry rocky hillsides.
Southern-central states. Kansas to Nevada and south to Mexico.

Festuca octoflora Walt. Slender Fescue Grass.
Abundant in dry and waste roadsides, along railroad tracks, ete.
Widespread in North America, more abundant in the southern states.

14 University of Texas Bulletin

Melica mutica Walt. Narrow Melic Grass.
Colorado River bluffs at Deep Eddy, in rich moist soil.
Eastern and central states.

Poa annua L. Annual Poa.

Abundant in waste and cultivated grounds. The first grass to bloom
in the spring or winter. |

Naturalized from Europe. Found throughout nearly the whole
of North America.

Poa arachnifera Torr. Texas Blue Grass.
Moist ground in the valley of Shoal Creek.
Southern-central states.

Rhombolytrum albescens Nash. (Sieglingia albescens Kuntze.) White
Prairie Grass.
Along the I. & G. N. Railroad.

Prairies of the southern-central states.

Tridens albescens W. & S. (Triodia albescens Bent.; Tricuspis al-
bescens Munro).
Prairies of southern Texas and New Mexico. Kansas to Texas,
and New Mexico.

Tridens muticus Nash. (Sieglingia mutica Kuntze.)
Dry hillsides. Mt. Bonnell.
Texas to Arizona and in northern Mexico.

Uniola latifolia Michx. Wild Oats. Broad-leaved Spike Grass.
Moist soil. Rich soil of shaded river bluffs.
Eastern and central states.

Tribe Hordeae

Elymus canadensis L. Wild Rye. Lyme Grass.
Moist ground. Shoal Creek Valley, etc.
Central states.

Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Wild Barley.
Agundant in dry soil, waste and cultivated places.
Central states, Wyoming and California.

Lolium perenne L. Rye Grass.
Rare here.
Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in the United States.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 15

CYPERACEAE, Sedge Family

Carex amphibola Steud.
Hillsides and ravines of the Edwards Plateau.
Eastern and central states.

Carex cherokeensis Schwein.
Moist ground along stream. Bee Creek.
Southern states.

Carex triangularvis Boeckl.
Low ground, Shoal Creek Valley, etc.
Scuthern central] states.

Cyperus ferax Vahl.
Wet soil. Barton Springs.
Warm and tropical regions of America.

Cyperus filiculmis Vahl.
Dry woods.
Central and southern states and northern Mexico.

Cyperus rotundus L. Nut-grass.
Abundant in lawns and roadsides in Austin. A serious pest.
Southern states and tropical America.

Dichromena colorata Hitchcock. Whitetop.
Not abundant here.
Coastal plain states from New Jersey to Texas.

Dichromena nivea Boeckl. Whitetop. A smaller species than the
preceding.
Abundant along the borders of streams and in swampy ground
along railroad tracks. Barton Creek.
Southern states and the tropies.

Fuirena simplex Vahl. Western Umbrella-grass.
Wet soil. Barton Springs, Shoal Creek, etc.
Nebraska, Texas, and Mexico.

Scirpus vafidus Vahl. Bullrush.
Swamps. Not common here.
Widely distributed throughout North America.

16 | University of Texas Bulletin

ARALES
ARACEAE Arum Family

Muricauda Dracontium Small. (Arisaema dracontium Schott.) Green
Dragon. Dragon Root.

Moist rich soil on shaded bluffs of the Colorado River and Bull
Creek.

Eastern and Central states.
LEMNACEAE Duckweed Family

Lemna cyclostasa Chev.
Waller Creek. Similar to the following but obscurely one nerved
plant, body oblong or nearly so.

Widespread in the United States. Also in Jamaica and South
America.

Lemna minor L. Duckweed.

Abundant in stagnant pools and in still water of aes forming
a green scum over the water. The plant is a thin disk-like body
about 4 mm. in diameter with a single root. From oval to nearly
circular with a papillate midrib.

Widespread over almost the whole of North America. —

XYRIDALES
COMMELINACEAE Spiderwort Family

Commelina angustifolia Mich. (7?)

Commelina crispa Wooton. Curly-leaved Day-flower. Leaves crisped.
Rocky hillsides.
Southern central states.

Commelina erecta L. Day Flower.
Southeastern United States and tropical America.

Commelina virginica L. Day Flower.
Moist hillsides.
Central and southeastern United States and tropical America.

Tradescantia gigantia Rose. Spiderwort.
Fields and roadsides.
A tall, erect species with a stout stem two or three feet high.

Tradescantia occidentalis Brit. Spiderwort.
Rocky hillsides.
Central states to the Rocky Mountains.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 17

Tradescantia.
A form similar to T. virginiana.

PONTEDERIACEAE Pickerel-Weed Family

Heteranthera dubia McM. (H. graminea Vahl.) Water Star-grass.
In Barton Creek. Submerged, but with its yellow flowers exserted.
Widespread throughout the United States in still water.

BROMELIACEAE Pine-Apple Family

Dendropogon usneoides Raf. (Tillandsia usneoides L.) Spanish
Moss. Long Moss. Florida Moss.

Abundant on trees in ravines, as the valleys of Shoal Creek and
Waller Creek where the air is more moist than on the uplands.
Pendent in long festoons from the branches of the trees.

Southern states and Central America. More common near the coast.

Tillandsia recurvata L. Ball Moss.

Abundant on trees on the uplands; growing in small tufts; not
pendent. .

Texas, Mexico and tropical America.

LILIALES
MELANTHACEAE (Under Liliaceae) Bunch-Flower Family

Schoenocaulon Drummondii A. Gray.
Dry soil, roadsides and hillsides in open places.
A prairie plant of Texas and Mexico.

Toxicoscordion Nuttalii Rydb. (Zygadenus Nuttalu S. Wats.)
Level uplands of the Edwards Plateau.
A prairie plant of the southern central states.

JUNCACEAE Rush Family

Juncus dichotomus Ell. Rush.
Wet ground.
Mostly near the coast. Massachusetts to Texas.

ALLIACEAE (Under Liliaceae) Onion Family

Allium canadense L. Meadow Garlic.

Moist ground, flood plain of Onion Creek. Most of the flowers
are replaced by bulblets.

Eastern states.

18 University of Texas Bulletin

Allium Helleri Small. (A. Nuttalii Wats.) Wild Onion. Garlic.
Abundant in open ground. One of our conspicuous spring wild
flowers, with beautiful pink or sometimes white flowers. Stems usu-
ally 1—2 dm. tall.
Dry prairies of the west central states.

Allium microscordion Small. Wild Onion.
2—A dm. tall; -.Pink.
Southern states.

Allium mutabile. Wild Onion.

Open ground along railroad tracks and where the soil is deep.
2—5 dm. tall. White (or pink).

Soutsern states.

Androstephium coeruleum Greene. (A. violaceum Torr.)

In open ground along railroad tracks and on dry banks. The
large blue flowers have the filaments of their stamens united into a
tube attached to the pehianth. Not abundant.

A prairie plant occurring from Kansas to Texas.

Nothoscordium bivalve Britton. (N. striatum Kunth.) Crow-poison.
False Garlic.
Common everywhere about Austin. One of our early wild flowers.
Very similar to a wild onion, but without the onion odor.
Southeastern and central states and Mexico.

LILIACEAE Lily Family

Quamasia hyacinthifolia Britton. (Camassia Fraseri Torr.) Wild
Hyacinth.

Abundant along railroad tracks and in other open ground where
the soil is deep. An elongated cluster of blue or white flowers.
One of our conspicuous spring wild flowers.

Central and southern states.

DRACAENACEAE Yucca Family (Under Liliaceae)

Nolina Lindheimeriana S. Wats. Slender Bear Grass.

Rocky bluffs of the Edwards Plateau. Somewhat like a Yucca,
but with much more grass-like leaves.

A characteristic plant of the dry rocky regions of West Texas
and New Mexico.
Nolina texana Wats. (Not given in Small.*) Slender Bear Grass.

Very common on the rocky bluffs of the Edwards Plateau. Sim-
ilar to the preceding.
Characteristic of the dry hills of West Texas.

*Small’s Flora of the Southeastern United States. Published and
for sale by J. K. Small, Bronx Park, New York City, New York.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 19

Yucca rupicola Scheele. Spanish Bayonet. Bear Grass.
Abundant on dry hills. The leaves are margined by a row of
fine yellow teeth.

Yucca Arkansana Trelease.

Smaller than the preceding. The leaves have white-fibrous mar-
gins. Dry ground along I. & G. N. railroad tracks.

Southern prairie states.

SMILACEAE Smilax Family (Under Liliaceae)

Smilax Bona-nox L. Green-briar. Cat-briar. Stretch-berry.

Very common in woods and thickets. ‘A climbing prickle armed
vine.

Southeastern United States to Kansas and Mexico.

AMARYLLIDALES (Under Liliales)
LEUCOJACEAE (Amaryllidaceae) Amaryllis Family

Atamosco texana Greene. (Zephyranthes texana Herb.) Atamosco
Lily. Stagger Grass. Amaryllis.
In the open post-oak woods. Not very common. Flowers yel-
low, stems about 1 to 2 dm. high. Insane Asylum grounds and in dry
rock soil generally.

Cooperia pedunculata Herb. Rain Lily.

Abundant in open places, blooming several days after a rain.
This species blooms more commonly in the spring. The flowers are
white.

The bract is attached about one-fourth inch below the ovary.

A plant of the Texas prairies.

Cooperia Drummondii Herb. Rain Lily.

Similar in habit and habitat to the preceding species, but blooming
more abundantly in the fall. .Flowers smaller, stems and leaves
more slender and the bract is attached immediately below the ovary.

Texas prairies.

IXIACEAE (IRIDACEAE) Iris Family

Nemastylis acuta Herb. .
Abundant on dry hillsides and level uplands of the Edwards Pla-
teau. The flowers are four or five centimeters in diameter, from
deep blue to white.
A prairie plant of the southern central states.

20 University of Texas Bulletin

Sisyrinchium pruinosum Bicknell. Blue-eyed Grass. 7
A tufted, grass-like plant. The deep blue flowers have yellow
centers.
Abundant in meadows and roadsides.
A plant of the north Texas prairies.

Sisyrinchium minus Engelm. and Gray.
In low places along railroad tracks and roadsides where the soil
is fine and compact. A low form with small reddish flowers.
Characteristic of low moist prairies of east Texas and Louisiana.
Sisyrinchium, other species, not certainly identified.

ORCHIDALES
ORCHIDACEAE Orchid Family

Ibidium (Spiranthes, gyrostachys). Ladies’ Tresses.
Hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Flowers small, white, in racemes about four inches high.

DICOTYLEDONS

JUGLANDALES

JUGLANDACEAE Walnut Family

Hicoria Pecan Britton. Pecan.
On the river flood plain and in most valleys. Abundant along
Walnut Creek.

Southern-central states and introduced eastward.

Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut.
A large tree with a fruit an inch or more in diameter.
River flood plain and deep ravines. Abundant along Walnut Creek.
Widespread in the eastern and central forest regions of the United
States.

Juglans rupestris L. Mexican Walnut. 7 4

Small trees. Ravines of the Edwards Plateau. The nut is about
1 cm. in diameter.

Texas, New Mexico and Mexico. Common along streams in the arid
mountain regions of West Texas.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 21

SALICALES
SALICACEAE Willow Family

Populus deltoides Marsh. (P. monilifera Ait.) Cottonwood.
River flood plain.
Central North America from Canada to Texas and New Mexico.

Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow.
Along the river banks.
FAGALES

FAGACEAE Beech Family

Quercus breviloba Sargent. Shin Oak. White Oak.
Rocky banks along streams.
Forming thickets (“shinneries’) in the Edwards Plateau region.
Can be recognized by the bark which peels off in thin sheets.
Confined chiefly to middle and southern Texas.

Quercus fusiformis Small. Mountain Live Oak.

Dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. An evergreen shrub or small
tree, with very smooth, slender branches.

Central Texas, probably derived from Q. virginiana.

Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak.
Walnut Creek. The acorns are very large and the cups are fringed.
Eastern North America.

Quercus marilandica Muench. Black Jack.
Gravelly uplands. Abundant on the terrace gravels with Q. Minor.
Southern and eastern to the central states. More abundant in the
South. Characteristic of sandy and gravelly soils in Texas with
Q. minor. Leaves angular deep green and glossy. Bark blackish.

Quercus minor Sarg. (Q. stellata Wang.) Post Oak.

Gravelly uplands. Abundant on the terrace gravels with Q. mari-
landica.

Southern and eastern central states, more abundant in the South.
This tree occurs in Texas with Q. marilandica in the “post oak”
forests in the sandy and gravelly soils of the eastern part of the
state west of the pine area.

Quercus schneckii Britton. (Q. texana Sarg., not Buckl.) Red Oak.
Ravines and hillsides. Chiefly in the Edwards Plateau. Leaves
glossy, deeply lobed and with sharp pointed teeth.
Southeastern states.

22 University of Texas Bulletin

Quercus virginiana Mill. Live Oak.
Abundant in low ground and hillsides. Our common evergreen oak.
Characteristic of the coastal regions from Virginia to Mexico.

URTICALES
URTICACEAE Nettle Family

Boehmeria cylindrica Willd. False Nettle.
Moist ravines. Nettle-like, but without stinging hairs.
Eastern and central North America.

Parietaria obtusa Rydb. Pellitory.

Very abundant in moist soil on shaded banks and hillsides. Leaves
ovate or ovate-oblong with relatively long petioles. Involucral bracts
oblong obtuse. Sepals ovate, usually acute at the apex.

West-central states.

Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. Pellitory.

Shaded ground. Leaves usually lanceolate, with shorter petioles
than the preceding. Involucral bracts linear. Sepals oblong or
lanceolate, acute.

Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh. Nettle.

Abundant in moist ravines and thickets. Well known for its sting-
ing hairs.

Southeastern United States.

ARTOCARPACEAE (MORACEAE) Mulberry Family

Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. White Mulberry. Paper Mulberry.
Low ground. A common shade tree in Austin. Like a mulberry,
but with thick, velvety leaves.
Introduced from Asia. Eastern and southern states.

Morus microphylla Buckl. Small-leaved Mulberry. Mexican Mul-
berry.
Ravines of the Edwards Plateau. A shrub or small tree. Leaf
blades 3 to 5 cm. long. Fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico.

Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry.

In moist ravines of the Edwards Plateau. Leaf blades 6 to 20 cm.
long. Fruit 3 or more cm. long.

Eastern United States.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 23

Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Bois D’Arc. Bowwood. Osage Orange.
Low ground. Ravines and valleys.
Southeastern states.

ULMACEAE Elm Family

Celtis mississippiensis Bose. Hackberry.

Very common on hills and in ravines. The most common shade
tree in Austin.

Central and southeastern states.

Celtis reticulata Torr. Hackberry.

On dry hills. Similar to the preceding, but with rough leaves
and large berries.

A species of the arid southwest. In western Texas it occurs near
streams.

Ulmus alata Michx. Winged Elm. -Cork Elm. Wahoo.
Abundant in ravines and valleys. Easily recognized by the con-
spicuous corky wings on the branches. Flowering in spring.
Southern states.

Ulmus americana L. White Elm.

On the river flood plain and in ravines. Differing from the other
species in its large, thin leaves. Used as a shade tree. Flowering
in spring.

Eastern United States.

Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. Cedar Elm.
Abundant in ravines and uplands. A common shade tree in Aus-
tin flowering in the fall. Leaves leathery, blades 3-6 cm. long.
Along rivers in the southern central prairie states.

POLYGONALES
POLYGONACEAE Buckwheat Family

Eriogonum longifolium Nutt.
Dry ground.
Southern central states.

Persicaria hydropiperoides Small. (Polygonum hydropiperoides
Michx.) Wild Water-pepper.
Ditches and along streams.
Widespread in North America.

24 University of Texas Bulletin

Persicaria lapathifolia S. F. Gray. (Polygonum tapathifolium L.)
Willow Weed. |
Low ground, waste places.
Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in North America.

Persicaria pennsylvanica Small. (Polygonum pennsylvanicum L.)
Smart Weed.
River bank. With dense cylindrical racemes of pink flowers.
Eastern North America and in Mexico.

Persicaria punctata Small. (Polygonum punctatum Elll.) Smart
Weed.
River bank, Barton Creek, etc. With loosely flowered racemes of
small greenish flowers.
Widespread in North America.

Persicaria setacea Small. (Polygonum setaceuwm Baldw.)
Waller Creek.
Eastern United States.

Polygonum erectum L.
River bank. In open ground.
Ontario to the Northwest Territory, Georgia, Colorado, and Texas.

Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Bushy Knotweed.
Roadsides.

Rumex altissimus Wood. Peach-leaved Dock. Pale Dock.

Low wet ground. Abundant in Shoal Creek Valley. Two to four
feet tall.

Northwestern and central states.

Rumex Berlandieri Meisn(?)

Waste places. A form with slender, spreading branches. Flowers
in dense whorls separated on the branches.

Texas to Arizona and in Mexico. Western North America.

Rumex crispus L. Curl Dock.

Low wet ground. Abundant in Shoal Creek Valley. One to three
feet tall; leaves with edges crisped.

Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in North America.

Tiniaria convolvulus Webb and Mog. (Polygonum convolvulus L.)
Black Bind-Weed.
University campus. A twining vine with the aspect of a morning
glory. Not common here.
Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in North America.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 25

CHENOPODIALES
CHENOPODIACEAE Goosefoot Family

Chenopodium album L. Lamb’s Quarter.

Waste places in cultivated ground. This Chenopodium can be
recognized by its mealy leaves.

Widespread in North America. Introduced from Europe.

Chenopodium anthelminicum L. Wormseed.

River banks, and waste places. Easily recognized by its disagree-
able order when bruised.

Atlantic and Gulf States. Introduced from Europe.

Chenopodium Boscianum Mog. Bosc’s Goosefoot.
Low ground, waste places.
Eastern United States.

Chenopodium Fremontii S. Wats. (Not in Small.) Fremont’s Goose-
foot.
Waste places.
Central states to Mexico.

Monolepsis Nuttaliana Greene. (M. chenopodioides Nutt.)
Common in waste ground.
Western and central states.

AMARATHACEAE Amaranth Family

Alternanthera repens Kuntze.
Abundant in waste places.
South America and southern states.

Amaranthus albus L. (A. graecizans L.) Tumble Weed.
Waste places.
A tropical American species widely distributed in North America.

Amaranthus blitoides Reverchonii Uline and Bray. Low Amaranth.
Pigweed.
Waste places.
Central Texas.

Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats. Amaranth. Pigweed.
Waste and cultivated ground. Roadsides, ete.
Southwestern states and Mexico.

26 University of Texas Bulletin

Amaranthus Pringlet Watson. (Not given in Small.) Amaranthus.
Pigweed.
Fields and roadsides.
West Texas, southern plains states to Mexico.

Amaranthus retroflecus L. Amaranth. Rough Pigweed.

Roadsides and waste places.

Naturalized from the American tropics. Widespread in North
America.

Amaranthus. spinosus L. Spiny Amaranth.

Roadsides and waste places.

Naturalized from the American tropics. Widespread in eastern
and southern United States.

Brayulinea densa Small. (Guilleminea densa Mog.)
Dry ground.
New Mexico, Texas and Mexico to tropical America.

Celosia paniculata L.
Bluffs. Barton Creek. Not abundant.
Florida, Texas and Mexico.

Froelichia campestris Small.
Abundant in dry ground, post oak woods, etc.
Prairie and pains states.

Gossipianthus lanuginosus Moq.
Dry ground.
Oklahoma to Mexico.

CORRIGIOLACEAE Whitlow-wort Family (Illicebraceae)

Paronychia dichotoma Nutt. Forking whitlow-wort. Nailwort.
Dry exposed bluffs. Mt. Bonnell.
Southeastern states.

P. Lindheimeri Englem.
In dry soil.
Texas and New Mexico.

PETIVERACEAE (PHYTOLACCACEAE) Poke-weed Family

Rivina humilis L.
Common in rich soil. University campus, Shoal Creek, ete.
Southeastern states and tropics.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 27

Phytolacca decandra L. Poke-berry. Poke-weed.
Common in the river flood plain.
Widespread in the eastern United States.

ALLIONIACEAE (NYCTAGINACEAE) Four-o’clock Family

Allionia albida Walt. Umbrella-wort.
Roadsides, etc.
Southeastern states.

Allionia nyctaginea Michx. Umbrella-wort.
Dry ground. Roadsides, etc.
Plains and prairie states.

Boerhaavia decumbens Vahl.
Dry ground. Roadsides, etc.
Gulf states and Mexico.

Boerhaavia erecta L.
Dry ground, roadsides, etc.
Gulf states, Mexico and the tropics.

Mirabilis Jalapa L. Four o’clock.
In waste places and cultivated soil.
Central and South America to Texas.

TETRAGONIACEAE (AIZOACEAE) Carpet-weed Family

Mollugo verticillata L. Carpet-weed. Indian Chickweed.
Cultivated ground and waste places.

PORTULACACEAE Purslane Family

Claytonia virginica L. Spring Beauty.

Moist shaded ground at the base of bluffs on Onion Creek. A low
plant with fleshy linear leaves from a tuber-like corm. The flowers
are a light pink, delicately veined with a darker shade.

Eastern states.

Portulaca lanceolata Engelm.

Occasional here. Found in the Asylum grounds and near Barton
Creek. Easily recognized by the crowned capsule.

From Texas to Arizona.

Portulaca oleracea L. Pursley.
Cultivated ground. Ramsey’s Nurseries, etc.
South America and almost throughout North America.

28 University of Texas Bulletin

Portulaca pilosa L.

Abundant on dry hills. Our most common Portulaca, recognized
easily by the tufts of hairs in the axils of the leaves.

Southern states and Mexico.

Talinum aurantiacum Engelm.
Pease place.
Texas, New Mexico, and in Mexico.

Talinum parviflorum Nutt.
Dry soil. Postoak woods.
Central states.

ALSINACEAE Chickweed Family (Under Caryophyllaceae)

Alsine Baldwinti Small. (Stellaria prastrata Baldw.) Chickweed.
Starwort.
Abundant in moist ground in ravines of the Edwards Plateau.
Gulf states and in Mexico.

Alsine media L. (Stellaria media Smith.) Chickweed.
Moist ground. Abundant in Shoal Creek Valley.
Widespread in North America and Europe.

Arenaria Benthamii Fenzl. Sandwort.
Abundant on hillsides. Mt. Bonnell, etc.
Texas.

Cerastium brachypodium Robinson. Mouse-ear Chickweed.
Pastures, meadows, and open woods.
Central states.

Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl. Powder Horn.
Moist ground, pastures and woods.
Widespread in North America.

Cerastium viscosum L. Mouse-ear Chickweed.
Roadsides and hillsides.
Eastern United States; naturalized from Europe.

Sagina decumbens T. & G. Pearlwort.
Abundant in the compact soil of Postoak woods.
Eastern United States.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 29

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Pink Family

Silene antirrhina L. Sleepy Catchfly.

Abundant on roadsides, University campus, etc. Easily recog-
nized by the sticky secretions on the stems in which very small in-
sects become entangled and die. ;

Widespread in the eastern part of the continent.

RANALES

CERATOPHYLLACEAE Hornwort Family

Ceratophyllum demersum L. Hornwort.

Barton Creek. A submerged acquatic plant, with stiff, finely di-
vided leaves in whorls.

Nearly throughout North America.

RANUNCULACEAE Crowfoot Family

Adonis annua L.

Waste and cultivated ground.

Introduced from Europe and escaped from cultivation in the
United States.

Anemone decapetala Ard.

Open woods and meadows. Abundant in valleys. One of our most
abundant early spring flowers.

Central and southern states. Central America and Mexico.

Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Wild Columbine.

Moist shaded bluffs in the Edwards Plateau, in ravines where the
soil is rich. One of the most beautiful flowers of the region. Abund-
ant along Bull Creek and its tributary ravines.

Widespread in the northern and eastern states.

Aauilegia chrysantha Gray. Yellow wild Columbine.

Moist shaded slopes in the Bull Creek region. Less common than
the preceding. The flowers are yellow and the spurs of the petals
are more than two inches long.

Arizona to Texas. Common in moist ravines in the mountains of
Western Texas.

Clematis Drummondii T. & G. Virgin’s Bower. Granddaddy Gray
beard.
A vine, abundant on roadsides and open places, particularly on the
river flood plain. Well known in the fall for its white plumed fruits.
Texas to Arizona and in Mexico.

30 University of Texas Bulletin

Delphinium albescens Rydb. White Larkspur.
Open woods, roadsides, etc.
Central States.

Delphinium carolinianum Walt. Blue Larkspur.
Open woods, roadsides, etc.
Southeastern states.

Myosurus minimus L. Mouse-tail.
Wet places. A very small plant resembling an anemone, but with
sepals and petals, the sepals spurred. The great elongation of the

axis bearing the carpels in fruit gives the plant its popular name.
Eastern states.

Ranunculus macranthus Scheele. Buttercup, Crowfoot.

In mcist soil along streams. Shoal Creek, Barton Creek, etc. The
flowers more commonly called buttercup here belong to the evening
primrose family.

Texas.

Viorna coccinea Small. (Clematis coccinea Engelm.)

Moist ground along streams and in deep moist ravines.

Very common along Bull Creek and Onion Creek. One of the
most beautiful flowers of our region. A vine with large drooping
crimson blossoms. The three perianth parts are very thick and
somewhat leathery.

Texas.

Vierna reticulata Small.

Similar to V. cocinea but the flowers dull purple. Occasional in
thickets.

Southeastern, states.

MENISPERMACEAE Moonseed Family

Cebatha caroliniana Britton. (Cocculus carolinus D.C.) Coral Bead.
A very common vine in open woods and thickets and in fence rows.

Conspicuous in the fall for its beautiful cluster of scarlet berries.
Southern states.

PODOPHYLLACEAE (Berberidaceae) Barberry Family

Berberis trifoliolata Moric. Agarita. Chaparral,

A bush abundant on hillsides and in woods. Well known by its
prickle-pointed, holly-like leaves and scarlet berries. A “chaparral”
plant.

Texas and Mexico.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 31

PAPAVEVRALES
PAPAVERACEAE Poppy Family

Argemone alba Lesteb. Wild Poppy.

Open dry ground, with large white flowers and prickly leaves and
stems.

Southeastern states.

Argemone Platyceras Link & Otto. Wild Poppy.
Open dry ground. Similar to the preceding.
Southwestern states and Mexico.

Papaver dubium L. Poppy.
Growing wild abundantly on the campus. The familiar red poppy.
Introduced from Europe and growing wild in the eastern states

FUMARIACEAE Fumitory Family (Under Papaveraceae)

Capnoides curvisiliquum Kuntze. (Corydalis curvisiliqua Engelm.)
Very common in open woods and valleys. Blooming early with
bright yellow, irregular flowers in elongated clusters.
Kansas to Texas.

BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE) Mustard Family

Arabis petiolaris A. Gray.
Common in open woods and uplands of the Edwards Plateau.
Plains and prairies of southwestern Texas.

Arabis virginica Trelease. (A. ludoviciana Meyer.) Virginia Rock
Cress.
Abundant in the early spring in wet places along roadsides and ir
. shallow pools.
Eastern and southern states.

Brassica Juncea Cosson. Indian Mustard.
Found in an alfalfa field and presumably introduced with the seed.
Naturalized from Asia. Widespread in the northeastern states.

Bursa Bursa-pastoris Brit. (Capsella bursa-pastoaris Moench.) Shep-
herd’s Purse.
Abundant in waste and cultivated ground, lawns and roadsides.
Well known by its triangular or heartshaped pods.
Native of Europe, but widely distributed all over the world. One
of the commonest weeds in the world.

32 University of Texas Bulletin

Draba cuneitfolia Nutt. Whitlow Grass.

Waste and cultivated ground, lawns, and roadsides. Abundant
everywhere. One of the first flowers to bloom in the spring. A Jow
herb with fuzzy leaves and a cluster of small white blossoms. The
pods are flattened and oval.

Illinois to the Gulf States and California.

Draba platycarpa T. & G. Whitlow Grass.

Verly similar to the preceding species in appearance and hatitat.
Abundant everywhere. |

Texas to Arizona.

Lepidium austrinum Small. Peppergrass.
Waste places and cultivated ground. Roadsides.
Texas.

Lepidium apetalum Wild. Green-flowered. Peppergrass.
Waste places and roadsides.
Widespread in North America.

Lepidium medium Greene. Peppergrass.

Roadsides and open woods. Very common in the postoak woods.
Blooming early and at first very small.

Widespread in the western half of the continent.

Lepidium virginicum L. Common Peppergrass.
Fields and roadsides.
Widely distributed in the central and eastern states and in Mexico.

Lesquerella densiflora S. Wats. Bladder-pod.

Dry or moist soil. The Lesquerellas can be recognized by their
spherical pods.

Texas.

Lesquerella Engelmannii S. Watts. Bladder-pod.
Abundant on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
_ Kansas to Colorado and Texas.

Lesquerella gracilis S. Wats. Slender Bladder-pod.
Dry soil.
Nebraska to Texas. A prairie plant.

Lesquerella lasiocarpa S. Wats. Bladder-pod.
Texas and Mexico.

Lesquerella grandiflora S. Wats. Large-flowered Bladder-pod.
Open ground. Abundant on the river flood plain.
Texas.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 33

Lesquerella recurvata S. Wats. Bladder-pod.

Common everywhere in exposed places, dry hillsides, roadsides,
and open woods. Our most common species.

Texas.

Roripa Nasturtium Rusby. -(Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Water
Cress.
Abundant in Barton Creek and other streams.
Naturalized from Europe and widely distributed in this country.

Roripa abtusa Brit.
Found near the river.
Widely distributed.

Sophia millefolia Rybd.
Waste ground, roadsides.
Kentucky to Texas.

Sisymbrium canescens var. brachycarpa Watt. (S. brachycarpa
Richards.
Waste places.
Southeastern states.

Streptanthus bracteatus A. Gray.
Dry soil.
Southwest Texas.

Streptanthus platycarpus A. Gray.
River flood plain.
Texas and Mexico.

CAPPARIDACEAE Caper Family

Polanisia gravoeolens Raf. Clammy Weed.

Dry, waste ground. A homely weed with a heavy, disagreeable
odor. Very similar to the following species.

Northern states.

Polanisia trachysperma T. & G. Clammy Weed.
Dry waste ground—a very common weed. IIllscented.
Central and west central states.

34 University of Texas Bulletin

ROSALES
SEDACEAE (CRASSULACEAE) Orpine Family

Sedum Nuttalianum Ref. Stonecrop.

Very abundant on level rock uplands of the Edwards Plateau and
in dry gravelly soil of the postoak woodlands. A small succulent
annual, rooting in very shallow soil and disappearing during the
dry season. When in bloom its yellow flowers form a conspicuous
covering in shallow depressions in the rocks.

South central states.

Sedum pulchellum Michx. Stonecrop. Rock Moss.

Hilltops of the Edwards Plateau region. A little larger than the
preceding and with white flowers. Rather rare.

Southeastern states.

Tilleastrum Drummondii Britton (Tillaea Drummondiu T. & G.)
Common on shallow pools and mud holes of the postoak woods.
Disappearing in the dry season. A minute plant with reddish suc-
culent stems.
Western states and Mexico.

SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifrage Family

Lepuropetalon spathulatum Ell.
In compact wet soil of the postoak woods. Disappearing in the

dry season. A very tiny, short-stemmed plant with yellowish blos-
soms.

Southeastern states and Mexico.
PLATANACEAE Plane-tree Family

Platanus occidentalis L. Sycamore.
A familiar shade tree. Growing wild along streams.
Widespread in eastern North America.

ROSACEAE Rose Family

Geum canadense Gmel. Avens.
In moist, rich soil. Shaded bluffs Onion Creek.
Northeastern states.

Geum Virginianum L. Avens.
Moist woods north of the Seminary.
Eastern states and Canada.

Rubus trivialis Michx. Dewberry.
Abundant in waste ground, along railroad tracks and roadsides.
Southeastern states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 35
MALACEAE Apple Family (Under ROSACEAE)

Crataegus sp. Hawthorne.
In thickets in rich woods; and on the banks of streams. Not com-
mon, except in gravelly soil east of Hyde Park.

AMYGDALACEAE Plum Family (Under ROSACEAE)

Prunus americana Marsh. Wild Yellow Plum. Red Plum.
Moist ravines.
Widespread in the eastern and central states.

Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw Plum.
Thickets.
Southeastern states.

Padus serotina Agardh. (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) Black Cherry.
Wild Cherry.
Moist ravines.
Eastern and central states.

MIMOSACEAE Mimosa Family (Under Legumimosae)

Acacia filicoides Trelease.
Waste ground.
Southern central states.

Acacia Roemeriana Schlecht.
Hills of the Edwards Plateau. In dry soil. A spiny schrub.
Southern Texas and Mexico.

Acuan Illinoensis Kuntze. (Desmanthus brachylobus Benth.)
Dry soil. A low plant without thorns.
Central and Gulf states.

Acuan velutina Kuntze. (Desmanthus velutinus Scheele.)
Dry, poor soil, roadsides, etc. A prostrate plant without thorns.
Southern and western Texas.

Mimosa fragrans.A. Gray. Cat Claw.
Very common thorny shrub in the dry hillsides of the Edwards
Plateau.

Morongia uncinata Britt. (Schrankia uncinata Willd.) | Sensitive
Briar.
Common on dry barren soil, along railroad tracks and roadsides.
Prostrate, its long, slender branches armed with prickles.

36 University of Texas Bulletin

Prosopis glandulosa Torr. (P. juliflora var. glandulosa Sarg.)
Mesquite.
Abundant almost everywhere. Our most common tree.
Spreading from the southwest over the prairies of Texas.

CASSIACEAE Senna Family (Under Leguminosae)

Cassia Lindheimeriana Scheele. Senna.
Abundant on the dry hills of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas to Arizona and in Mexico.

Cassia occidentalis L. Senna.
Occasional here.
Southern states and in Mexico.

Cassia Roemeriana Scheele. Senna.
Abundant on the dry hills of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico.

Cercis occidentalis Torr. Red-bud. Judas-tree.

Abundant in ravines and on hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
A small tree, conspicuous in the spring with its abundant pink
blossoms. Peculiar in the production of flower clusters from buds
on old branches.

Texas and Northern Mexico. Closely related to C. canadensis of
the eastern states.

Gleditsia triacanthos L. Honey Locust.

A common shade tree in Austin. Growing wild on the river flood
plains. A tree easily recognized by its branching thorns.

Eastern North America.

Parkinsonia aculeata L. Retama. Horsebean.

Abundant locally, on the river flood plain and in waste places,
roadsides, ete.

Tropical America, Mexico, and from the Gulf States to California.

KRAMERIACEAE Krameria Family (Under Leguminosae)

Krameria secundiflora DC.

Common in dry ground along railroad tracks, etc. A nearly pros-
trate plant with irregular reddish purple blossoms.

Southeastern states and Mexico.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 37
FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE) Pea Family

Amorpha fruticosa L. False Indigo.
Along streams. A tall shrub with small, dark, purple flowers in
large clusters. Growing close to the water at Barton Springs.
Southeastern states.

Amorpha texana Buckl. Fake Indigo.
Bull Creek region.
East Texas.

Astragalus reflexus T. & G.
Abundant in dry ground, University campus, etc.
Texas.

Astragalus Wrighti AG.
Abundant in dry soil. University campus.
Texas.

Clitoria mariana L. Butterfly Pea.

A showy plant with large solitary flowers. The large standard
of the corolla is striped with purple, the keel shorter than the wings.
The leaves are 3-foliate.

Occasional in the postoak woods.

Daubentonia longifolia D.C. (Sesbania Cavanillesii Wats.) Rattle
Box. Rattle Bush.
Low open ground. Flood plain of the river. A _ shrub easily
recognized by its flat four-sided and four-winged pods.
Mexico and the Gulf States.

Dolicholus texensis Vail. (Rhynchosia texana Torr. & Gray.)
Dry grounds. University campus.
Texas to Arizona and in Northern Mexico.

Eysenhardtia amorphoides HBK. Rock-brush.

In dry woods and exposed hillsides. Abundant on the lower slopes
in the Edwards Plateau. A low bush easily identified by its dis-
agreeable odor when bruised.

Texas and Mexico.

Geoprumnon crassicarpum Rydb. (Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt.)
Ground Plum.
Dry slopes of the Edwards Plateau. A prostrate plant with a
large fleshy, plum-like pod.
Western plains and prairies.

38 University of Texas Bulletin

Geoprumnon Mexicanum Rydg. (Astragalus Mexicanus A. D.C.)
Ground Plum.

Hills of the Edwards Plateau. Similar to the preceding.

Prairie states.

Hamosa austrina Small.
Dry, open ground. Roadsides, University Campus.
Texas to California and in Mexico.

Hamosa leptocarpa Rydb. (Astragalus leptocarpus T. & G.)
Dry open ground. University campus.
Texas.

Hamosa Lindheimeri Rydb. (Astragalus Lindheimeri Engelm.)
Dry hillsides.
Texas.

Hamosa Nuttaliana Rydb. (Astragalus Nuttalianus DC.)
Open, dry ground. University campus.
From Arkansas and Texas to Arizona.

Indigofera leptosepala Nutt. Indigo Plant.

Open, dry ground. Abundant on the University campus. The
blossoms are orange-red.

Southeastern states and Mexico.

Lathyrus pusillus Ell. Low Vetchling.
Dry soil.
Southeastern states.

Lespedeza frutescens Brit. (L. Stuvei var intermedia S. Wats.),
Bush Clover.
Dry soil. In the post oak woodland.
Eastern Texas.

Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Bush Clover.
Eastern states.

Lotus americanus Bisch. (Hosackia Purshiana Benth.)
Dry soil. Post oak woods.
Plains states and Mexico.

Lupinus texensis Hook. Blue Bonnet, Lupine.
Abundant everywhere, in meadows and on roadsides.
Texas prairies.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 39

Medicago arabica All. Bur Clover, Spotted Medic. |
Similar to the following species but with a dark spot near the
center of the leaflet. Occasional here.
Introduced from Europe. Eastern states and California.

Medicago hispida Gaertn. Bur Clover. Toothed Medic.
Abundant everywhere in meadows and roadsides. University cam-
pus. The Medics are characterized by their spirally coiled pods.
Introduced from Europe into the eastern states and California.

Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa.
Along railroad tracks and roadsides.
Naturalized from Europe. Extensively cultivated.

Medicago orbicularis.
Roadsides. An old-world species introduced.

Meibomia. (Desmodium Wrightiti Gray.) Sticktight. Tick Trefoil.
Flood plains.
Texas and New Mexico.

Melilotus alba Desv. White Sweet Clover.
A rather tall, upright, more or less branched weed with rather
conspicuous racemes of small white sweet-scented flowers.

Melilotus indica All. Sweet Clover.

Roadsides and waste places. Similar to the preceding except that
the flowers are yellow.

Introduced from Europe.

Oxytropis Lambertii Pursh. (Aragalius in the old edition of Small.)
Found occasionally near Austin.
Plains states.

Parosela aurea Britton. (Dalea aurea Nutt.) Prairie Clover.
Common on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Plains and prairie states.

Parosela enneandra Brit. (Dalea laxiflora Pursh.)
' Dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Prairie and plains states.

Parosela frutescens Vail. (Dalea frutescens Gray.)
Dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas and New Mexico.

40 University of Texas Bulletin
Petalostemon pubescens Heller. (P. violacens var. pubescens Gray.)
Prairie Clover.
Common on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas.

Petalostemon purpureus Rydb. (P. violaceus Michx.) Prairie Clover.
On the flood plain.
Northern prairies to Texas.

Psoralea cuspidata Pursh.
Dry hills of the Edwards Plateau.
Plains and prairie states.

Psoralea hypogaea Nutt.
Common on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Southern plains states.

Psoralea rhombifolia T. & G.
Flood plains. Barton Creek.

Sesban macrocarpa Muhl. (Sesbania.)
Flood plains. Barton Creek, near the stream. A tall annual plant
with large yellow flowers, and slender pods about a foot long.
Southeastern states to Central America.

Sophora affinis T. & G.

In the hills of the Edwards Plateau and in roadside thickets in
lower ground. Less common than the following. It can easily be dis-
tinguished from the mountain laurel by its lavender flowers, thinner
leaves and smaller pods. The pods, constricted between their sperical
seeds suggest a string of black beads.

Texas to Arkansas.

Sophora secunidflora DC. Mountain Laural. Covxal Bean.

Very abundant on the hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. An ever-
green shrub well known by its large clusters of purple heavy-scented
flowers. Its large red seeds are said to be poisonous.

Arkansas to Texas.

Trifolium carolinianum Michx. Clover.
Abundant in waste places and roadsides and open woods.
Southeastern states.

Vicia Leavenworthii T. & G. Vetch.
Dry ground, meadows and roadsides. Abundant on the campus.
Arkansas to Texas.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 41

GERANIALES
GERANIACEAE Geranium Family

Erodium cicutariim L’Her. Pin Clover. Alfilaria.
Waste ground and open woods.
Introduced from Europe and widespread in Bastin North America.

Erodium texanum A. Gray. Wild Geranium. Stork’s Bill.

Very abundant in waste places, roadsides and barren, dry hillsides,
carpeting the ground in many places.

Texas to California.

Geranium texanum Heller. Wild Geranium. Crane’s Bill.

Abundant in woods and ravines.

Southern Texas. Very closely related to G. caroliniana of the
Atlantic and Gulf States.

LINACEAE Flax Family

Cathartolinum multicaule Hook. Flax.
Common in dry open ground.
Texas plains and prairies.

Cathartolinum rigidum Pursh. Flax.
Dry soil.
Prairie and plains states to Mexico.

Cathartolinum rupestre Engelm. Flax.
Dry soil.
Texas and Mexico. Plains and prairies.

OXALIDACEAE Wood-Sorrel Family

Ionoxalis Drummondii Rose (I. wespertitionis in the old edition of
Small). (Owalis vespertilionis T. & G.) Violet Wood Sorrel.
It differs from Xanthoxalis in its large violet flowers and large,
deeply lobed leaflets. Ravines or hillsides, rich or barren soil.
Texas to Arizona.

Xanthoxalis corniculata Small. (Owxalis corniculata L.) Yellow
Wood Sorrel. Sour Grass.
Very common in waste and cultivated ground, lawns and roadsides.
Well known by its trifoliate leaves and acid juice.
Southeastern states.

42 University of Texas Bulletin

Xanthoxalis stricta Small. (Ovxalis stricta L.)
Yellow Wood Sorrel. Sour Grass.
University campus, etc.
Widesspread in eastern and central North America.

Xanthoxalis. (Oxalis Wrightti Gray.) Wood Sorrel. Sour Grass.
University campus, ete.
West Texas.

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Caltrop Family

Kallstroemia intermedia Vail. Caltrop.

Dry waste ground. Abundant on the campus. A prostrate plant
with yellow flowers and legume-like compound leaves.

Southern plains and prairie states and Mexico.

Tribulus terestris L. Caltrop. Bur Nut.

Along railroad tracks. Its angled, spiny fruit makes it a very
troublesome weed wherever abundant. Similar to Kallstroemia ex-
cept in fruit.

Introduced into America and now widespread.

RUTACEAE Rue Family

Fagara Clava-Herculis Small. (Xanthoxylum Clava-Herculis L.)
Prickly Ash. Tootache Tree.
Banks of Onion Creek and similar situations. Characterized by its
tuberculate, thorny trunk.
Southeastern states.

Fagara fruticosa Small. (Xanthoxylum carolinianum var. fruticosum
A. Gray.) Prickly Ash. .
A thorny shrub abundant on hillsides, and easily recognized by its
glossy compound leaves and strong odor.
Arkansas and Texas.

Ptelea trifoliata L. Hop Tree. Skunk Bush.

One of our most abundant shrubs in ravines and valleys. Easily
recognized by its peculiar odor and its round, flat fruits and trifoliate
leaves. ;

Eastern North America.

Thamnosma texana Torr.

Abundant on barren, rocky slopes of the Edwards Plateau. A low
partly shrubby plant with small strong scented leaves and two-lobed
fruits.

Texas to Mexico.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 43

SIMARUBACEAE Quassia Family

Ailanthus glandulosus Desf. Tree-of-Heaven.

Found occasionally growing wild in moist valleys. A common shade
tree.

Native of China. Commonly cultivated and often growing wild
in eastern United States and Canada.

MELIACEAE Mahogany Family

Melia Azedarach L. Chinaberry. China Tree.
Growing wild in the valleys. A common shade tree.
Naturalized from Asia in the southern states.

POLYGALALES
POLYGALACEAE Milkwort Family

Polygala alba Nutt. Milkwort.
Dry ground.
Central states and Mexico.

_ Polygala Lindheimeri A. Gray. Milkwort.
Dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas.

EUPHORBIALES
EUPHORBIACEAE Spurge Family

Acalypha gracilens var. monococcus Eng.
Eastern states.

Acalypha Lindheimeri Muell. Arg. Three-seeded Mercury.
Very common in waste places.
Texas to Arizona and in Mexico.

Acalypha ostryaefolia Rydb. Three-seeded Mercury.

In moist ground in valleys. An herb which resembles a nettle in
appearance but is unarmed.

Southeastern United States and in Mexico.

Acalypha radians Torr.
In dry soil.
Texas and Mexico.

44 University of Texas Bulletin

Bernardia myricaefolia S. Wats.

A common shrub on the river bluffs and ravine sides of the Edwards
Plateau. It is irregularly branched and has small thick leaves with
toothed or crisped edges.

Texas and New Mexico.

Chamaesyce Fendleri Small. (Huphorbia Fendleri T. & G.) Spurge.
Dry ground. Mt. Barker.
Southern plains and prairie states and in Mexico.

Chamaesyce maculata Small. (Huphorbia maculata L.) Spotted
Spurge.
Roadsides, ete.
Almost throughout North America.

Chamaesyce nutans Small.
Roadsides and waste places.
Widespread in eastern and central United States.

Chamaesyce Nuttallu Small. (Huphorbia petaloidea var. Nuttallii
Engelm.) Spurge.
Roadsides and waste places.
South-central states and Mexico.

Chamaesyce prostrata Small. (Huphorbia prostrata Ait.) Prostrate
Spurge.

Abundant on roadsides and in waste places. Similar to the follow-
ing species, but with leaves slightly larger and toothed at the apex.
The plant is a darker green than the carpet weeds and clings less
_ closely to the ground.

Gulf states and Mexico.

Chamaesyce serpens Small. Carpet Weed.

Roadsides and waste ground. A small-leaved prostrate plant, form-
ing dense mats over the ground.

Prairie states and Mexico.

Chamaesyce villifera Small. (Huphorbia villifera Scheele.)
Ravines of Edwards Plateau.
Texas.

Cnidoscolus stimulosus A. Gray. (Jatropha stimulosa Michx.) Bull
Nettle. Spurge Nettle.

Fields and roadsides. Well known for its beautiful white flowers
and its stinging hairs. The sting is much worse than that of the
true nettle.

Southeastern states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 45

Croton fruticulosus Engelm.
Edwards Plateau.
Texas, New Mexico and Mexico.

Croton monanthogynus Michx.
Abundant in waste places.
Prairie and Gulf states to Mexico.

Croton texensis (Muell.) Arg.
Abundant in waste places, roadsides, etc. The Crotons can be
easily recognized by the peculiar odor of their leaves when crushed.
Plains and prairie states.

Dichrophyllum bicolor Kl. & Garcke. (Huphorbia bicolor Engelm.)
Snow-on-the-mountain.
Low ground, pastures and roadsides. A tall herb with the leaf-
like bracts of its flower clusters white-margined.
Southern-central states.

Dichrophyllum marginatum Kl. & Garcke. (Euphorbia marginata
Pursh.) Snow-on-the-mountain.
Roadsides, etc. Similar to the preceding, but smaller.
Central states.

Ditaxis humilis Pax. (Argythaminia humilis Muell.)
Dry ground and waste places.
South-central states.

Ditaxis mercurialina Coulter. (Argythamnia mercurialina Nutt.)
Dry ravines. Abundant in the Edwards Plateau region.
South-central states.

Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt.
Abundant on the campus.

Dry hillsides, particularly of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas.

Poinsettia dentata Small. (Euphorbia dentata Michx.) Toothed
Spurge.

Poinsettia havanensis Small. (Euphorbia heterophylla var. gyrami-
nifolia Englem.) .
Found along Shoal Creek and Barton Creek. Not common.
From Florida to Texas, and in tropical America.

46 University of Texas Bulletin

Poinsettia heterophylla Small. (Huphorbia heterophylla L.) Pointed
Leaf.
Waste places.
Central and southern states. Tropical America.

Ricinus communis L. Castor Bean.
Occasional in ravines, etc. Escaped from cultivation.
Tropics, sub-tropics.
Thought to have originated in Africa or India.

Stillingia linearifolia Kl. & Garcke. (S. angustifolia Engelm.) Queen’s
Delight.
Common on dry hillsides. ~
Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico.

Tithymalus arkansanus Kl. & Garcke. (Huphorbia dictyosperma
F. & M.) Spurge.
Plains and prairie states to Mexico.

Tithymalus commutatus Kl. & Garcke. (Euphorbia commutata
Engelm.) Spurge.
Ravines and moist banks. Abundant along Barton Creek.
Eastern states.

Tithymalus longicuris Small. (Huphorbia Longicuris Scheele.)
Spurge.
Open, dry ground. Abundant on the campus.
Southern prairie states.

Tithymalus Missouriensis Small. (Euphorbia arkansana var. Mis-
souriensis Norton.) Spurge.
Open ground.
Plains and prairie states.

Tithymalus Roemerianus Small. (Huphorbia Roemeriana Scheele.)
Spurge.
Southern Texas.

Tragia nepetaefolia Cav.
Dry ground.
Southern central states and Mexico.

Tragie ramosa Torr.
Abundant in dry open ground. University campus.
Sounthern plains and prairie states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 47

CALLITRICHACEAE Water Starwort Family

Callitriche heteraphylla Pursh. Water Starwort.

Pools in small streams. A slender plant with small opposite
leaves and stems partly or entirely submerged.

Widespread in eastern and central North America.

SAPINDALES

SPONDIACEAE (ANACARDIACEAE) Sumac Family

Rhus radicans L. Poison Ivy.
Abundant in moist ravines. Shoal Creek.
A very poisonous vine, climbing by roots, and with 3-foliate leaves.
Widespread in eastern and central North America.

Rhus Toxicodendron L. Poison Oak.

Poisonous. Very similar to the preceding but an upright shrub,
not climbing.

Southeastern states.

Schmaltzia lanceolata Small. (Rhus copallina var. lanceolata A.
Gray.) Sumac.
Abundant on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
A tall shrub pinnately compound leaves.
Texas.

Schmaltzia trilobata Small. (Rhus canadensis var. trilobata Gray.)
Skunk Bush. Ill-scented Sumac.
Abundant in ravines and on hillsides. Easily recognized by its
three leaflets and its disagreeable odor.
Central and western states.

Schmaltzia virens Small. (Rhus virens Lindh.) Evergreen Sumac.
An evergreen shrub with pinnately compound leaves. Abundant
on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas, New Mexico, and Northern Mexico.

AQUIFOLIACEAE Holly Family

Ilex decidua Watt. Deciduous Holly. Possum Haw. Bear-berry.
Very common in ravines and well known by its abundant scarlet
berries. A shrub or small tree.

Ilex vomitoria Ait. Yaupon.
A beautiful evergreen shrub with scarlet berries common in the
moist ravines of the Edwards Plateau. ;
Southeastern states. :

48 Unversity of Texas Bulletin

AESCULACEAE (HIPPOCASTANACEAE) Buckeye Family

Aesculus Pavia L. Red Buckeye.

Very common in ravines and on the lower slopes of the Edwards
Plateau. A small tree, with beautiful clusters of reddish blossoms
in the spring. Recognized by its large palmately compound leaves.

Southeastern States.

ACERACEAE Maple Family

Rulac texana Small. Box elder. Ash-leaved Maple.

Flood plain of the Colorado. A common shade tree in Austin.
Very similar to Rulac Negundo, but with pubescent twigs.

Central North America from Canada to Mexico.

SAPINDACEAE Soapberry Family

Cardiospermum Halicacabum L. Balloon Vine.

Flood plains of Barton Creek and Waller Creek. A vine cultivated
and named for its balloon-like pods.

The southeastern states. Tropical America.

Sapindus Drummondii. Soapberry. Wild China Tree.

Ravines and hillsides. A common shade tree in Austin. Easily
identified by its pinnately compound leaves and large yellow berry-
_ like fruits.

Southern central states and Mexico.

Ungnadia speciosa Endl. Mexican Buckeye. Spanish Buckeye.
Texas Buckeye.

Abundant in ravines and on moist rocky hillsides. Very common
in the ravines of the Edwards Plateau. A shrub well known by its
three-lobed pods in which the dry seeds rattle when mature.

Texas, New Mexico, Mexico.

RHAMNALES

FRANGULACEAE (RHAMNACEAE) Buckthorn Family

Berchemia scandens Trelease. Rattan. Supple-Jack.
A climbing (or twining) shrub with long smooth supple branches.
Abundant in ravines and on moist bluffs of the Colorado.
Southeastern states.

Ceanothus ovatus Desf. Red Root.

A low shrub commonly found on the bluffs and in the ravines of
the Edwards Plateau.

Southeastern States. :

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 49

Colubrina texensis A. Gray.

A common shrub of the dry hillsides and hilltops of the Edwards
Plateau, growing often in dense thickets.

Texas and northern Mexico.

Condalia obovata Hook.
One of the most abundant shrubs of the dry hillsides of the Ed-
wards Plateau. Thorny and often nearly leafless in the dry season.
Central Texas to northern Mexico.

Rhamnus caroliniana Walt. Buckthorn. Indian Cherry.

Common in the ravines of the Edwards Plateau. A shrub or small
tree with firm glossy leaves and black berries.

Southeastern states.

Ziziphus obtusifolia A. Gray. (Condalia obtusifolia.) Loti-bush.
Te-as Buckthorn.
On bluffs and rocky hillsides. A thorny shrub somewhat similar
to Condalia.

Ziziphus vulgaris Lam. Jujube.

Roadsides in Austin. Probably planted or escaped from cultiva-
tion.

Naturalized in the Gulf states, from Europe and Asia.

VITACEAE Grape Family

Ampelopsis arborea Rusby. Pepper-vine.
Moist ground in valleys. Shoal Creek. A climbing vine.
Southeastern states, West Indies, Mexico.

Cissus incisa Desmoul.
A climbing vine with crisp, succulent, 3-foliete leaves, and black
berries. The foliage when crushed has a very disagreeable odor.
Southern states.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Planch. (Ampelopsis Michx.) Virginia
Creeper. Woodbine. Five-leaved Ivy.
A climbing vine often mistaken for poison ivy, but easily distin-
guished from it by its five leaflets, and its tendrils clinging by disks.
Widespread in the eastern United States and Canada.

Vitis candicans Engelm. Mustang Grape.

Ravines. The leaves are white-woolly beneath. The grapes ripen
in July and are used by many people for jelly.

Texas.

DU University of Texas Bulletin

Vitis cinerea Engelm. Downy Grape.

Ravines and the river bluffs. The leaves are soft-hairy beneath,
and the grapes ripen in the fall.

Central and southern states and in Mexico.

Vitis cordifolia Lam. Frost Grape. Chicken Grape.

Ravines. The leaves are smooth or slightly soft-hairy beneath.
The grapes are small and ripen in the fall.

Eastern and central States.

MALVALES
MALVACEAE Mallow Family

Abutilon wmcanum Sweet. Indian Mallow.

Very common in dry ground. The Abutilons are characterized by
their velvety leaves.

Arkansas to Texas and Mexico.

Abutilon texense T. & G. Indian Mallow.
Dry Ground.
Texas and New Mexico.

‘Abutilen Wrightti A. Gray. Indian Mallow.
Dry ground.
Texas to Mexico.

Callirrhoe digitata Nutt. Poppy Mallow. Wine Cup.

Very common in fields and open woods. A perennial with long
slender spreading stems and large purple-red flowers.

Southern central states.

Callirrhoe involucrata A. Gray. Poppy Mallow. Wine Cup.
Similar to the preceding.
Gulf states.

Callirrhoe papaver A. Gray. Poppy Mallow.
Similar to the preciding, but less common.
Gulf states.

Malva borealis Wallm. (Not given in Small.)
Abundant in a few places in fields and roadsides.
A plant of the Old World, naturalized in Texas.

Malva rotundifolia L. Mallow, Cheeses.
Roadsides and waste places. Not common here.
Widespread in North America. Native of Europe and Asia.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 51

Malvastrum americanum Torr.
Roadsides and waste places.
Gulf states. Tropical America.

Malvaviscus Drummondii T. & G. “Mexican Apple.”

Abundant in moist woods. A rather coarse. herb with red flowers
and large red berry-like fruits.

Gulf states and Mexico.

Modiola caroliniana G. Don.
In the flood plains of Bee Creek and Bull Creek.
Gulf States, Central and South America.

Pavonia lasiopetala Scheele.

Common in woods and rocky bluffs. A shrubby plant with hand-
some pink flowers.

Texas and Mexico.

Sida filiformis Moric.
Abundant on roadsides, the campus, etc.
Texas to Mexico.

Sida diffusa HBK.
Very similar to the preceding and in similar situations.
Texas, New Mexico and Mexico.

Sida fifiilipes A. Gray.
Rare here.
Western Texas.

Sida hastata St. Hil. (S. physocalyx A. Gray.)
Roadsides, etc., in deep soil.
Texas and New Mexico.

Sida spinosa L.
Waste places and roadsides.
Widespread in the tropics and eastern United States.

Wissadula holosericea Garcke. (Abutilon holosericeum Scheele.)
Texas and Mexico.
HYPERICALES

HYPERICACEAE St. John’s-Wort Family

Ascyrum hypericoides L. St. Andrew’s Cross.
Found near the dam. Rare here.
Introduced in the southeastern states from tropical America.

52 University of Texas Bulletin

CISTACEAE Rock-rose Family

Helianthemum rosmarinifolium Pursh. Rock-rose. Frost Weed.
Postoak woods.
Southeastern states.

Lechea tenutfolia Michx. Pin-weed.
Postoak woods.
Eastern states.

VIOLACEAE Violet Family

Calceolaria verticillata Kuntze (lonidium polygalaefolium Vent.)
Nodding Violet. Green Violet.
Roadsides, University campus, ete.
Southern plains and prairie states.

Viola missouriensis Green. Blue Violet.
In moist, rich soil in ravines. Barton Creek, Onion Creek.
Not abundant here.
Southern central states.

OPUNTIALES
OPUNTIACEAE (CACTACEAE) Cactus Family

Cactus missouriensis Kuntze (Mammillaria missouriensis Sweet.)
Nipple Cactus. . ;
Dry soil. Not common here. The plant is nearly spherical, one or
two inches high and covered with cylindrical tubercles.
Plains and prairie states.

Echinocatus texensis Hoepf. Devil’s Pin-cushion.

Very common in dry open ground on hillsides and uplands. The
large round ridged apex of the plant, covered with stout pink thorns,
usually just appears above the surface of the ground.

Southern Texas and Mexico.

Echinocactus setispinus Engelm. :

Dry hillsides. The nearly globular stems are from two to four
and a half inches in diameter, and with long slender spines.

Texas and Mexico.

Echinocereus caespitosus Engelm. & Gray.

Dry hillsides. One of our most abundant species. The short
cylindrical stems are usually clustered. The clustered spines are
short and spreading, giving a peculiar scale-like appearance.

Southern plains states to Mexico.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 53

Opuntia arborescens Eng.
Found in a few places here along roadsides.
Southern plains states to Mexico. Common in West Texas.

Opuntia Lindheimeri Engelm. (O. Engelmanni Salm.) Prickly Pear.
The most common cactus. Abundant on roadsides and in dry and
waste places.
Texas to California and in Mexico.

Opuntia leptocaulis P. DC. Tasajillo.

Common on roadsides and in waste places and thickets. A woody
shrub with slender cylindrical branches and loosely sheathed spines.
This plant is one which it it well to avoid, as the spines are hard
to remove from the flesh and often cause troublesome sores.

Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. Prickly Pear.
Similar to O. Lindheimeri, but smaller and usually prostrate.
Southern-central states.

THYMELEALES
LAURACEAE Laurel Family

Benzoin aestivale Nees. (B. Benzoin in the old edition.) Spice Bush.
In moist soil in deep ravines. Bee Creek. Not common. A shrub
recognized easily by the spicy fragrance of its leaves.
Eastern states.

MYRTALES
LYTHRACEAE Loosestrife Family

Ammannia coccinea Rottb.
Waller Creek.
Central and Gulf states to Central and South America.

Lythrum lanceolatum Ell. Loosestrife.
Moist ground. Not common here.
Southeastern states.

EPILOBIACEAE (ONAGRACEAE) Evening Primrose Family
Gaura brachycarpa Small.

River flood plain.
Southern Texas.

54 University of Texas Bulletin

Gaura Drummondii T. & G.
Fields and roadsides, University campus.
Texas to Mexico.

Gaura parviflora Doug]. Wild Honeysuckle.
Common in fields and roadsides.
Plains and prairie states.

Gaura sinuata Nutt. Wild Honeysuckle.
Fields and roadsides. University campus.
Southern plains and prairie states and in Mexico.

Gaura suffulta Engelm. Wild Honeysuckie. Bee Blossom.

Very common in fields, waste places and roadsides. Abundant on
the University campus.

Oklahoma, Texas and Mexico.

Hartmannia speciosa Small. Primrose.

Abundant everywhere in fields, roadsides and waste places. Our
most common primrose. Locally called “buttercup” although the
flowers are pink.

Southern plains and prairie states to northern Mexico.

Isnardia natans Small. (Ludwigia natans Ell.) Marsh Purslane.
In muddy ground along Shoal Creek.
Southeastern states to Mexico.

Jussiaea diffusa Forskl.
In streams and wet ground along streams. Very abundant in
Barton Creek. The stems and leaves usually with a reddish tinge.
Southern states, tropical America and Asia.

Jussiaea suffruticosa L.
In wet ground along Barton Creek and Waller Creek.
Southeastern states and the tropics..

Lavauxia triloba Spach. (Oenothera triloba Nutt.) Primrose. But-.

tercup.
Abundant in fields and roadsides. Ours is a yellow-flowered form

and probably should be differently named.

Lavauxia Watsoni Small. (Oenothera triloba var. parviflora S. Wats.)
Evening Primrose.

In rich soil. Similar to the preceding but smaller and opening only
in the evening. The petals are yellow, but turn reddish when they-
wither.

Kansas and Nebraska, to Oklahoma.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 55

Megapterium Missouriense Spach.

Common on dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. With very large
yellow flowers and winged pods.

Southern plains and prairie states.

Merwolix melanoglottis Rydb. Primrose.

Similar to the following species, but with the inside of the cup
and the stigma black. Occasional in dry soil.

Colorado to Texas.

Meriolix serrulata Walp.
Roadsides, etc.
Plains and prairie states.

Meriolix spinulosa Heller. (Oenothera serrulata T. & G.)

Abundant on roadsides and hillsides and along railroad tracks.
Very similar to the preceding but with larger flowers. The flowers
of both are yellow and the leaves slender and toothed.

Southern plains and prairie states.

Oenothera laciniata Hill. (Oenothera sinuata L.) Evening Primrose.
Dry ground, roadsides and along railroads. Flowers yellow.
Eastern and central states, Mexico and South America.

Oenothera laciniata grandis Britton. (O. sinutta var. grandiflora
Heller.) Evening Primrose.
Common on the river flood plain. Similar to the preceding but
with large flowers.
Southern-central states.

Onagra Jamesii Small. (Oenothera Jamesti T. & G.) Evening Prim-
rose.
On the bank of Barton Creek. Very large yellow flower.
Southern plains states.

GUNNERACEAE (HALORAGIDACEAE) Water Milfoil Family

Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. Water Milfoil.

Barton Creek. Growing submerged similar to Ceratophyllum, but
less branched, and with softer, pinnately divided leaves.

Widely distributed in eastern North America.

Myriophyllum proserpinacoides Gill. (Not in Small.) Parrots Feather.
Found in Shoal Creek. Escaped from cultivation.
Native of Chile and widely cultivated in acquaria.

56 University of Texas Bulletin

AMMIALES
NYSSACEAE (CORNACEAE) Dogwood Family

Garrya Lindheimeri (Torr.). (G. ovata var. Lindheimeri Coult. and
Evans.)
A common shrub on the bluffs in ravines of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas.

Svida asperifolia Small. (Cornus asperifolia Michx.) Dogwood.
On the river bank, under the bluffs. A shrub.
Central and southern states.

AMMIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) Carrot Family

Ammi majus L.
Found in the river flood plain.
Native of Europe. Naturalized in southwest Texas.

Ammoselinum Butleri Coult. & Rose. Sand Parsley.
In low muddy ground.
Central states.

Apium ammi Urban. Marsh Parsley.
Common on roadsides, etc.
Southeastern states and the tropics.

Berula erecta (Huds). Coville.
In swamps and streams.
Texas and Mexico to California.

Bowlesia septentrionalis Coult. & Rose. (B. lobata Ruiz & Pavon.)
Very common in moist rich ground, in yards, river banks, ete.

A low delicate plant with round, lobed leaves and small white flowers.
Texas to California.

Chaerophyllum Teinturieri Hook. Chervil.
Very common in woods, and on roadsides in good soil.
Southeastern states.

Daucus Carota L. Wild Carrot.

Fields, roadsides and waste places. Summer.

Naturalized from Europe and Asia and widespread in North
America.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 57

Daucus pusillus Michx. Wild Carrot. Stick-tight. Queen Anne’s
Lace.

Fields, roadsides, and waste places. Very similar to the preceding
but blooming in the spring.
Southern and western states.

Eryngium Leavenworthu T. & G. Button Snake Root.

Dry barren ground. A rigid plant with spiny leaves and flowers
in dense, spiny heads.

Kansas to Texas.

Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Marsh Pennywort. Water Pennywort.
Moneywort.
Very abundant along the edges of streams. A creeping plant with
round glossy leaves and clusters of small white flowers.
Southeastern states.

Hydrocotyle verticillata Thumb.
Similar to the preceding.
‘Eastern and central states.

Lomatium daucifolium Coult. & Rose.
Not common here.
Southern prairie states.

Sanicula canadensis L. Snake-root.
Moist ground, Sidon Harris Park.
Eastern states.

Sanicula gregaria Bicknell. Black Snake-root.
In rich soil in shaded ravines. Onion Creek. Rare here.
Eastern and central states.

Spermolepis echinatus Heller.
oadsides, etc.
Southern states.

Torilis nodosa Gaertn. Hedge Parsley.

Very common in waste ground and on roadsides. University cam-
pus. The outer fruits of a cluster are covered with barbed spines,
the inner not.

Naturalized from Europe and Asia and widely distributed on this
continent.

58 University of Texas Bulletin

ERICALES
ERICACEAE Heath Family

Arbutus Xalapensis HBK. Madrona.

A small tree found in places in the ravines of the Edwards Plateau.
The bark peels off in thin reddish sheets leaving a smooth flesh-
colored surface.

Abundant in the mountains of West Texas.

PRIMULALES
PRIMULACEAE Primrose Family

Anagallis arvensis L.
Roadside. Rare here. Ours is the blue form, A. arvensis caerulea

Ledeb.
Naturalized from Europe and widespread in North America.

Dodecatheon Meadia L. Shooting Star. American Cowslip.
Abundant in the flood plain and banks of Bull Creek.
Eastern and central states.

Samolus cuneatus Small. Water Pimpernel. Bro»okweed.
Wet rocks or mud, along the river, Barton Creek, etc.
Texas.

Samolus floribundus H.B.K. (S. valerandi var. Aimericancus Gray.)
Water Pimpernel. Brookweed.

Barton Springs, etc.
Widespread in North America.

EBENALES
EBENACEAE Ebony Family

Brayondendron texanus Small. (Diospyros texana Scheele.) Mexi-
can Persimmon.

Very common in valleys and rocky slopes. A bushy shrub or small
tree with many slender twigs and with small thick leaves, wooly below.
The fruit is black.

Texas and Mexico.

SAPOTACEAE Sapodilla Family

Bumelia lanuginosa Pers. Gum Elastic. Shittimwood.

A shrub or small tree. Very abundant on dry hillsides on road-
sides, woods and waste ground. University campus.

Southern prairie and Gulf states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 59

STYRACACEAE Storax Family

Styrax platanifolia Engelm.
In moist ravines of the Edwards Plateau. A beautiful shrub with
thin, glossy, angled leaves, and clusters of white, bell-shaped flowers.
Texas.

OLEALES
OLEACEAE Olive Family

Adelia pubescens Kuntze. (Foresteria pubesccens Nutt.)

One of the most common shrubs in our ravines. Easily recognized
by its small oval leaves and opposite branches. It is the first shrub
to bloom in the spring, the blossoms appearing before the leaves.
The yellow male flowers, though small, are very abundant, and con-
spicuous by their fragrance and the swarms of insects which they
attract. The flowers of the female bushes are greenish and incon-
spicuous.

Oklahoma to Texas and New Mexico.

Frazxinus lanceolata Borck. (F. viridis Michx.) Green Ash. Swamp
Ash.
Ravine near Montopolis Bridge.
Widespread in Eastern United States and Canada.

Fraxinus texensis Sarg. (F. americana var. texensis Gray.) Texas
Ash.
Hillsides in ravines. Shoal Creek valley, etc.
Texas.

Menodora heteraphylla Moric.
Dry soil, open ground and in open woods. Campus.
Texas and Mexico.

GENTIANALES
SPIGELIACEAE (LOGANIACEAE) Logania Family

Buddleia ramosa Torr.
Abundant in the crevices and ledges of rock bluffs. A low, much-
branched shrub with white flowers in small globular clusters.
Western and southern Texas.

Coleostylis Lindheimeri Small. (Spigelia Lindheimeri Gray.)
Occasional in dry ground.
Texas and Mexico.

€0 University of Texas Bulletin

Cynoctonum Mitreola Britton. (Mitreola petiolata T. & G.) Mitre-
wort.
Moist soil; creek banks.
Southeastern states, West Indies, Mexico.

Polypremum procumbens L.
In the postoak woods.
Southeastern states, West Indies, Mexico.

GENTIANACEAE Gentian Family

Erythraea Beyrichii T. & G. Mountain Pink. Gentaury.

Dry, rocky hillsides and rock bluffs of the Edwards Plateau. A
stiff, much-branched herb with abundant bright pink flowers which
will dry without withering.

Arkansas and Texas.

Erythraea calycosa Buckl. Centaury.
Rare here.
Southern central states.

Eustoma Russellianum Grisib. Blue Gentian.

Abundant in prairie land and along railroad track, but not com-
mon near Austin. The large, rather stiff blue flowers are very
showy.

Southern plains and prairie states.

Sabbatia campestris Nutt. Texas Star.

Found occasionally in the postoak woods. The flowers are similar
to those of Hrythraea Beyrichii, but larger and fewer; and with a
conspicuous yellow center.

Southern prairie states. Very abundant in parts of eastern and
southern Texas.

ASCLEPIADALES
APOCYNACEAE Dogbane Family

Amsonia texana Heller. (A. Giliata var. texana.) Texas Star.
Hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas.

ASCLEPIADACEAE Milkweed Family

Asclepias Lindheimeri Engelm. Milkweed.
Dry uplands.
Texas, New Mexico and Mexico.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 61

Asclepias texana Heller. Milkweed.
Bee Creek.
Southern Texas.

Asclepias verticillata L. Milkweed.
Occasional here.
Eastern and central states and Canada.

Asclepiodora decumbens A. Gray. Milkweed. Antelope Horns.
Very abundant in dry, open ground.
Southern plains states and Mexico.

Asclepiodora viridis A. Gray. Antelope Horns.
Less common than the preceding species and smaller.
Southern states.

Gonobolus laevis Michx. (Enslenia albida Nutt.) Climbing Milk-
weed.
Valleys and moist bluffs. A climbing vine with leaves similar to
a morning glory vine. .
Southern states.

Metastelma barbigerum Scheele.

Hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. A slender, twining vine with
small glossy leaves and small white flowers.

Texas.

Philibertella crispa Vail. (Philibertia undulata Gray.)
- Found occasionally on the hills of the Edwards Plateau.
West Texas and New Mexico.

Vincetoxicum biflorum Heller. (Gonobolus biflorus Nutt.) Angle-
pod.
Common on dry uplands.
Arkansas and Texas.

Vincetoxicum reticulatum Heller. (Gonobolus reticulatus Englem.)
Angle-pod.
In rich soil in woods and rocky hillsides. An ill-scented climbing
vine, with small mottled green flowers.
Texas to Arizona and in Mexico.

POLEMONIALES
DICHONDRACEAE Dichondra Family

Dichondra carolinense Michx.

In rich soil in dense woods, lawns, ets. Abundant. A creeping
plant with small round, or reniform leaves.

Southeastern states.

62 University of Texas Bulletin

CONVOLVULACEAE Morning Glory Family

Breweria Pickeringii A. Gray.
Not abundant here.
Southeastern States.

Convolvulus hermannioides A. Gray. Bindweed.
Abundant in dry, open ground. University campus, etc.
Texas plains and prairies.

Convolvulus incanus Vahl. Bindweed.
Common in open, dry ground.
South@rn plains states.

Evolvulus pilosus Nutt. (EH. argentus Pursh.)
Dry hills of the Edwards Plateau.
Plains states to Mexico.

Evolvulus sericeus Sw.
Open ground. University campus.
Gulf states to Arizona and in tropical America.

Ipomoea trifida G. Den. var. Torreyana Gray. Morning Glory.
Abundant in flood plains and roadsides. Our common pink morn-
ing glory.
Texas, Mexico and tropical America.

CUSCUTACEAE Dodder Family. (Under CONVOLVULACEAE)

Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich. Dodder. Love. Vine.

Abundant along the shores of Barton Creek. A slender parasitic
vine with yellow stems, twining around weeds and often forming
dense mats.

Widespread in North America.

Cuscuta Gronovii Willd. Dodder, Love Vine.
Along the shore of Barton Creek.
Widespread in Eastern North America.

HYDROLEACEAE Water-leaf Family

Marilaunidium Jamaicense Kuntze. (Nama Jamaicense L.)
Abundant in rich soil. Flood plains, roadsides, etc.
Gulf states, West Indies, and Mexico.

Marilaunidium hispidum Kuntze. (Nama hispida Gray.)
Abundant on the river flood plain.
Texas to Arizona.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 63

Nemophila phacelioides Nutt.

Abundant in moist rich soil, valleys, woods and roadsides. One of
our conspicuous spring flowers, with rather rough, divided leaves
and large delicate blue blossoms.

Arkansas and Texas.

Phacelia congesta Hook.

Abundant in moist, rich soil and in dryer places. Most common
in woods. One of our conspicuous spring flowers. With thin, soft-
hairy, divided leaves, and small blue flowers in elongated, coiled
clusters.

Texas.

Phacelia patuliflora Gray.
River flood plain and along railroad tracks.

POLEMONIACEAE Phlox Family

Gilia incisa Benth.
Abundant in woods. Mt. Bonnell, etc.
Texas and Mexico.

Gilia rigidula Benth.

One of the most beautiful and striking flowers of our dry, rocky
hillsides. A rigid, much-branched little plant with needle-like leaves
and flowers of a very bright deep blue.

Texas and Mexico.

Gilia rubra Heller. Standing Cypress.

Rare here, but abundant along railroad tracks in many places
near Austin. A tall slender plant with finely divided leaves and
stout spikes of large elongated red flowers.

Southeastern states.

Phlox Drummondii Hook.
Abundant in open ground. River flood plain.
Texas.

Phlox Romeriana Scheele. :

Abundant in open ground and woods. Uplands of the Edwards
Plateau and the river flood plain. With large pink flowers. Our
most beautiful Phlox.

Texas prairies.

Phlox tenuis E. Nelson.
Eastern and southern Texas.

64 University of Texas Bulletin

SOLANACEAE Potato Family. Nightshade Family

Bouchetia anomala Brit & Rusby.
Common on roadsides and in waste places, Oana campus, etc.
Texas and tropical America.

Capsicum baccatum L. Bird Pepper. Chiltipin.
Canyons of the Colorado River, Waller Creek, etc.
Gulf states and the tropics.

Chamaesaracha conioides Britton.
Occasional on dry slopes of the Edwards Plateau.
Southern plains states.

Chamaesaracha Coronopus A. Gray.
Abundant on dry hillsides and in waste ground.
Southern plains states.

Datura meteloides DC. Jimson Weed. Stramonium. Thorn Apple.
Sandbanks along the river.
Texas to California and in Mexico.

Datura Stramonium L. Jimson Weed. Stramonium.

Sandbanks along the river.

Naturalized from the tropics and widespread in eastern North
America.

Nicotiana repanda Willd. Wild Tobacco.

Low ground and hillsides. Very common. A tall, coarse-leaved
plant with white blossoms.

Texas and Mexico.

Nicotiana trigonophylla Dunal. Wild Tobacco.

Low ground and hillsides. Less common than the preceding
species and smaller.

Texas to California and in Mexico.

Petunia parviflora Juss.

On the river bank. A low, much-branched plant with small, purple
flowers.

Gulf! states to California and in the tropics.

Physalis angulata L. Ground Cherry. Jerusalem Cherry.
Rich ground in valleys.
Southeastern States, Central and South America.

ee

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 65

Physalis heterophylla Nees. Ground Cherry, Jerusalem Cherry.
Rich moist soil.
Eastern states and Canada to Colorado and Texas.

Physalis mollis Nutt. Ground Cherry. Jerusalem Cherry.
Common in rich soil in valleys and on shaded hills.
Southwestern states and in Mexico.

Solanum carolinense L. Horse Nettle.

A somewhat thorny weed, abundant in fields, roadsides and waste
places. With large, rough. lobed leaves. blue flowers. and globular,
yellow fruits nearly an inch in diameter.

Eastern and central states.

Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. Blue Nightshade.

One of our most common weeds. Abundant everywhere in fields,
roadsides, and waste places. Differing from the preceding in its
narrower, whitish leaves and smaller fruits. It is either unarmed
or with slender prickles.

Solanum heterodoxum Dunal. (Not named in Small.)
Found on sand banks of the Colorado River. Not common.
A west Texas spcies very similar to S. rostratum.

Solanum nigrum L. Common nightshade. Black Nightshade.
Common in rich ground in ravines and valleys.
Widely distributed in North America and other countries.

Solanvm rostratum Dunal. Buffalo Bur. Prickly Solanum. Tread
Softly.

Abundant in open ground and waste places. One of our most
common weeds. The flowers are yellow, the whole plant very thorny
and the fruit enclosed in a prickly calyx.

Central states and Mexico.

Solanum Torreyi A. Gray. Torrey’s Nightshade.
Similar to S. carolinense, but with larger berries.
Southern central states.

Solanum triquetrum Cav. Nightshade.
Common in moist soil in ravines. University campus. A vine-
like plant with slender branches, white flowers and bright red berries.
Texas and Mexico.

BORRAGINACEAE Borage Family

Lithospermum breviflorum Engelm. & Gray. Collected by E. J.
Palmer.

66 University of Texas Bulletin

Lithospernum linearifolium Goldie. Puccoon. Gromwell.
Common in dry ground and stony hillsides. University campus.
Widespread in Nerth America, especially in the prairie regions.

Myosotis virginica B. & P. (M. verna Nutt.) Forget-me-not.
Dry ground. Banks of the Colorado River.
Eastern United States and Canada.

Onosmodium Bejariense DC. False Gromwell.

Abundant in dry woods. A herb with rather large, coarse and
bristly leaves, and smooth white nut-like fruits.

Texas.

Onosmodium Helleri Small.

In the hills of the Edwards Plateau. Less common than the pre-
ceding.

Texas.

EHRETIACEAE Ehretia Family (Under BORRAGINACEAE)

Ehretia elliptica DC. Anaqua. Sugarberry.

Occasional in vaJleys and along the Colorado River. A tree easily
recognized by its very rough oval leaves.

Texas and Mexico.

Heliotropium tenellum Torr.
In dry ground.
Southern-central states.

VERBENACEAE Verbena Family

Aloysia ligustrina Small. (Lippia ligustrina Brit.) White-brush.
Common on dry hillsides. A shrub with small leaves and graceful
sprays of small fragrant white flowers. It forms dense thickets on
barren dry hillsides in many parts of the state. Abundant in West
Texas.
Southwestern states and Mexico.

Callicarpa americana L. French Mulberry.

Very common in the moist ravines of the Edwards Plateau. A
shrub with coarse, opposite leaves and pink flowers clustered in the
axils. Late in the season the plant is made conspicuous by its clusters
of small lilac fruits.

Southeastern states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 67

Lantana horrida H. B. K. |

Common along roadsides and in dry ground. A low shrub with
clusters of orange flowers.

Gulf states to Central America.

Phyla nodiflora Green. (Lippia nodiflora L.)

Common everywhere in dry ground, roadsides, etc. Abundant on
the University campus. A prostrate, creeping plant with small white-
ish flowers in very dense spherical or short cylindrical heads.

Southeastern states and California. Warmer regions of both the
- Old and the New World.

Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. Wild Verbena. Vervain.

Very abundant in open ground. Our common verbena. A peren-
nial plant usually about 15 inches high, with conspicuous dense oblong
spikes of bright pink flowers.

Prairie and plains states. From South Dakota to Mexico.

Verbena ciliata Benth.
Dry ground. A low plant, with branches spreading over the ground.
Its flower clusters are similar to those of V. bipinnatifida, but smaller.
Southern plains states.

Verbena canescens H.B.K.

Common in dry soil. University campus. A rather low plant with
clustered stems and densely gray hairy foliage.

Texas to Arizona, and Mexico.

Verbena officinalis L. Vervain.

Very common in fields, roadsides, and waste places. An annual
plant one or two feet tall with slender stems and with small flowers
in long slender spikes. University campus. Perennial here.

Eastern states.

Verbena pumila Rydb.
Common in waste places and dry ground. Very similar to V. ciliata.
Oklahoma and Texas.

Vitex Agnus-Castus L.

Occasional on the river flood plain. A shrub with digitately 5-7
foliate leaves.

Southeastern states.

68 University of Texas Bulletin

LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) Mint Family

Brazoria scutellarioides Engelm. & Gray.

Common in moist ground, ravines, valleys, bluffs and_ hillsides.
One of our most beautiful mints. Its dense, stiff spikes of pink ©
flowers are conspicuously 4-sided.

Texas.

Hedeoma acinoides Scheele. Mock Pennyroyal.

Abundant in ravines, hillsides and uplands of the Edwards Plateau.
A small annual, with slender branches and delicate pink flowers: the
whole plant with a strong lemon odor.

Arkansas and Texas.

‘

Hedeoma Drummondii Benth. Mock Pennyroyal.
Similar in habit and habitat but less abundant than the preceding.

Lemon-scented.
Texas.

Lamium amplexicaule L. Dead Nettle. Henbit.
Very common in lawns and along the roadsides in Austin. Abund-
ant on the campus. One of the first plants to bloom in the spring.
The flowers in our form are red-purple.
Native of Europe and widespread in eastern North America.

Leonotis nepetaefolia R. Br.
Valley of Onion Creek.
Southeastern states and the tropics.

Marrubium vulgare L. Hoarhound.
Waste places everywhere. One of our most common weeds. Easi-
ly recognized by its white woolly stems and dull wrinkled leaves.
Naturalized from Europe and widespread in eastern North
America.

Mentha spicata L. Spearmint.
Wet ground near spring. Marshall Goat Ranch.
Eastern North America.

Mentha sp. Peppermint.
Wet ground along Onion Creek, and in wet places in ravines in
the Bull Creek region.

Monarda dispersa Small. Horse-mint.

Abundant in fields and roadsides. One of our most common mints.
A tall annual plant, very strong scented, and with large globular
clusters of flowers in the axils of the upper leaves. Some of the
bracts are colored lavender, like the flowers.

Southern plains states to Mexico.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 69

Monarda lasiodonta Small. Horse-mint.

A species with purple-dotted yellow flowers. Occasional on the
_ river flood plain.
South central states.

Monarda Stanfieldii Small. Horse-mint.
Occasional on the river flood plain. Similar to the preceding.
Indian Territory and Texas.

Physostegia intermedia A. Gray. Dragon Head. Lion’s Heart.
Moist ground. Ravines and moist bluffs.
Southeastern States.

Salvia coccinea L. Scarlet Sage.
Moist ground. Waller Creek. With scarlet flowers.
Southeastern states to Mexico.

Salvia farinacea Benth. Blue Sage.

Abundant everywhere in rich soil, fields, roadsides and waste
places. University campus. Our most common sage. Conspicuous
on account of its white felty stems and deep bine flowers.

Texas.

Salvia Roemeriana Scheele. Scarlet Sage.

Abundant in ravines of the Edwards Plateau. With scarlet
flowers.

Texas.

Salviastrum texanum Scheele.

Common in dry ground, rocky hillsides. University Campus. One
of the most abundant herbaceous plants on the dry slopes of Mt.
Bonnell, and Mt. Barker. Conspicuous for its rough-hairy leaves
and large blue flowers.

Texas.

Scutellaria Drummondii Benth. Skullcap.

Very common in valleyes and hillsides. The Scutellarias can al-
ways be recognized by the peculiar bonnet-shaped calyx, opening by
a horizontal slit. The flowers of both our species are blue.

Southern plains states.

Scutellaria resinosa Torr. Skullcap.

A perennial, abundant on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Pla-
teau. One of the most common plants of the upper slopes of Mt.
Bonnell end Mt. Barker.

Texas. Southern plains states.

70 University of Texas Bulletin

Stachys agraria Cham. & Schl. Hedge Nettle. Woundwort.
Common in moist or shaded ground, in valleys and on roadsides.
Texas and Mexico.

Teucrium canadense L. 3
Bee Creek ravine, Waller Creek. Not common here.
Eastern states.

RHINANTHACEAE (SCROPHULARIACEAE) Figwort Family

Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum Small. (A. maurandioides Gray.)
Snapdragon.

Abundant on shaded bluffs. Barton Springs. A slender, climbing
vine with small leaves and conspicuously irregular blue or purple
flowers.

Texas to Arizona and in Mexico. A very common vine in the
foothills of the Davis Mountains.

Castilleja Lindheimeri Gray. Painted Cup. Indian Paint Brush.
Dry, rocky hillsides. One of the most conspicuous flowers on the
high, barren slopes of Mt. Bonnell and Mt. Barker. The orange,
red flowers and similarly colored bracts are very showy.
Texas. ;

Conobea multifida Benth.
Abundant in the dry bed and on the banks of Shoal Creek.
Central states.

Gerardia heterophylla Nutt.
Dry ground. Along railroad tracks.
Southern prairie states.

Gerardia strictiflora Benth.
Dry grounds. Along railroad tracks.
Southern prairie states.

Leucophyllum texanum Benth. :

On dry rocky ledges.. Barton Creek. A _ striking and beautiful
shrub with white-woolly foliage and pink bellshaped flowers.

Texas and Mexico.

Linaria texana Scheele. Toad flax.

Very common in woods, fields and roadsides. A slender plant with
delicate, long-spurred blue flowers.

Widespread. Chiefly in the southern states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 71

Mecardonia procumbens Small. (Herpestris chamaedryoides H.B.K.)
Abundant in moist ground along Barton Creek and Shoal Creek.
Florida and Texas. American tropics. —

Mimulus Jamesti Torr & Gray. (M. Geyeri Torr.) Monkey-flower.
In the mud along small streams in ravines. Mt. Bonnell.
Widespread in eastern North America. Common in the Rocky

Mountains.

Monniera Monniera Britton. (Hespestris Monniera H.B.K.)

Wet ground. Along the shore and in the shallow water of Barton
Creek, Shoal Creek, etc. A prostrate creeping plant with succulent
glossy leaves and white flowers.

Southeastern states and in the tropics.

Penstemon Cobaea Nutt. Beard-tongue.

Abundant in dry ground, along railroad tracks and in open woods.
One of our most striking and beautiful wild flowers. A coarse plant
with smooth leaves and spikes of large bell-shaped cream-colored
blossoms. Easily recognized by the yellow-bearded sterile stamen
which gives it its popular name.

Texas.

Penstemon Mackayanus K. & W. Beard-tongue.
In open woods. About half the size of P. cobaea. Not common.
Texas.

Verbascum Thapsus L. Mullein.

Flood plains. A large coarse weed with a rosette of large, strik-
ingly fuzzy leaves close to the ground. The spike of -yellow flowers
is borne on a stout stalk several feet high.

Native of Europe, but very common weed in eastern North
America.

Veronica peregrina L. Speedwell. Purslane Speedwell.
Muddy ground along streams. River bank, ete.

ACANTHACEAE Acanthus Family

Calophanes linearis Gray.
Dry ground, roadsides, ete.
Texas, New Mexico and Mexico.

Dianthera americana L. Water Willow.

A very common weed rooting in the mud and growing half sub-
merged in small streams. Abundant in Shoal Creek, and Barton
Creek.

Widespread in the eastern half of the continent.

12 University of Texas Bulletin

Diapedium brachiatum Kuntze. (Dicliptera brachiata Spreng.)
Moist woods.
Southeastern states.

Ruellia Drummondiana A. Gray.

Dry ground. Less common than the following species and with
smaller flowers.

Texas.

Ruellia tuberosa L. Wild Petunia.

Very common in dry ground. Blooming in the summer and fall.
Abundant on the University campus. With large, purple-blue
flowers.

Texas and tropical America.

Siphonoaglossa Pilosella Torr.
Texas to Mexico.

PINGUICULACEAE (LENTIBULARIACEAE) Bladderwort Family

Utricularia subulata L. Bladderwort.

A very delicate almost thread-like plant rooting in the mud and
floating in the water at Barton Spring. Rare.

Atlantic and Gulf states and tropical America.

BIGNONIACEAE Trumpet-creeper Family

Campsis radicans Seem. (Tecoma radicans DC.) Trumpet Creeper.

Moist woods of flood plains. Not abundant here. A climbing vine
with large orange-red, trumpet shaped flowers. Often planted in
yards. Abundant in moist woods in the southeastern states. Com-
mon in east Texas.

MARTYNIACEAE Unicorn-plant Family (Under PEDALIACEAE)

Martynia Louisiana Mill. Unicorn plant. Devil’s Claws. Ram’s
horn.
River flood plain. The pod is several inches long and has a
slender, hooked beak.
Eastern United States.

PLANTAGINALES
PLANTAGINACEAE Plantain Family

Plantago aristata Michx. Plantain.

Dry, oven vround. Not common here, but abundant on uplands in
other parts of the state.

Plains and prairie states, and spreading Eastward.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 173

Plantago heterophylla. Nutt. Plantain.
Low, moist ground. A small plant with linear leaves.
Southeastern states.

Plantago rhodosperma Decn. Plantain.

Our most common species. Abundant on roadsides and in waste
places. University campus. A large form with broad, hairy leaves
and red seeds.

Southern central states.

Plantago Wrightiana Decn. Plantain.
Abundant on roadsides, hillsides and waste places.
Texas.

SANTALALES
LORANTHACEAE Mistletoe Family

Phoradendron flavescens Nutt. Mistletoe.
Abundant on various trees in Austin.
Southeastern states.

RUBIALES
RUBIACEAE Madder Family

Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Button-bush.

Common near the mouths of ravines, in moist soil. A shrub with
leaves and branches often in threes. The small white flowers in
dense spherical heads have given rise to the popular name.

Widespread in North America.

Crusea tricocca Heller. (C. Alococca Gray.)
Dry ground.
Texas and Mexico.

Galium aparine L. Bedstraw.

Common in rich soil in woods and thickets. The weak, slender
stems four-angled and armed with aor prickles. The narrow
leaves in whorls of seven.

Widespread in North America.

Galium texanum Wiegand. Bedstraw.

Common in dry woods. Smaller than the preceding, and with
leaves in whorls of four.

Texas.

74 University of Texas Bulletin

Galium virgatum Nutt. Bedstraw.

Common in dry woods. Similar to the preceding, the leaves in
fours.

Southeastern states.

Houstonia angustifolia Michx.
Abundant in dry, open ground. University campus. With slender,
much-branched stems, narrow leaves and small pink flowers.
Southern states.

Houstonia humifusa A. Gray.
A low, densely tufted annual, with pink fl¢-wers similar to H.
augustifolia. Found occasionally in dry ground. River flood plain.
Texas and eastern New Mexico.

Houstonia subviscosa Gray.
In low ground along the railroad tracks. Rare.
Texas.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Honeysuckle Family

Lonicera albiflora T. & G. Honeysuckle.
Common in woods and thickets.
Southern central states.

Nintooa Japonica Sweet. (Lonicera Japonica Thurb.) Japanese
Honeysuckle.
Escaped from gardens and growing wild in waste places. Bank
of Waller Creek.
Native of Eastern Asia. Naturalized in eastern United States.

Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos L. Coralberry.
Shaded bluffs. Onion Creek.

Sambucus canadensis L. Elder.

Occasional in valleys. Bull Creek, Onion Creek, and the Colorado
River flood plain.

Widespread in eastern North America.

Viburnum prunifolium L. Black Haw.

In ravines of the Edwards Plateau. Less common than the fol-
lowing.

Widespread in eastern United States.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 175

Viburnum rufotomentasum Small. (V. prunifolium var. ferrugineum
T. & G.) Black Haw.

Common in moist ravines of the Edwards Plateau. A shrub or
small tree with glossy, oval leaves, white flowers in flat-topped clus-
ters, and black berries. It differs from the preceding in its rusty
tomentose petioles.

Southeastern states.

VALERIANALES
VALERIANACEAE Valerian Family

Valerianella amarella Krok. Corn Salad. Lamb Lettuce.

A low plant abundant in low ground and moist uplands. Its op-
posite branches terminate in flat-topped, conspicuously four-sided
clusters of white flowers.

Texas.

Valerianella radiata Dupr. Corn Salad. Lamb Lettuce.
Similar to the preceding. Low ground.
Eastern states.

ARISTOLOCHIALES
ASARACEAE Birthwort Family

Aristolochia longifolia Engelm. & Gray.
Found occasionally in cultivated ground.
Along the Rio Grande.

CAMPANULALES

CURURBITACEAE Gourd Family

Cucurbita foetidissima H.B.K. Wild Gourd.

Very common in waste places. ‘A creeping vine with large leaves,
ill-scented.

Southern central states to California and Mexico.

Ibervillea Lindheimeri Greene. (Maximowiczia Lindheimeri Cogn.)
Wild Pomegranate, Balsam.
Abundant in thickets on the hills of the Edwards Plateau. A
climbing vine with bright red oval fruits.
Southwestern states.

Ibervillea tenella Small. Wild Pomegranate, Balsam.
Ravines and wooded hillsides.
Texas.

76 Unversity of Texas Bulletin

Sicyos angulata L. Star Cucumber. Wild Cucumber. Nimble Kate.
Found occasionally in moist gullies. Shoal Creek.
Widespread in eastern North America.

CAMPANULACEAE Bellflower Family

Specularia biflora Gray. Venus’ Looking-glass.

Common in woods and fields. A slender plant with blue, star-
shaped flowers.

Southern and western states and Mexico.

Specularia coloradoensis Buckl. Venus’ Looking-glass.
Rare here.
Texas.

Specularia leptocarpa Gray.
Not abundant here.
Central states.

Specularia perfoliata A. DC. Venus’ Looking-glass. Clasping Bell
Flower.
Common in woods} and valleys. The rounded leaves clasp the stem
by their heart-shaped bases.
Widespread in eastern North America.

LOBELIACEAE Lobelia Family

Lobelia cardinalis L. Cardinal Flower.
Wet soil. Barton Springs. Rare here.
Widespread in eastern North America.

CARDUALES

AMBROSIACEAE Ragweed Family (Under Tribe Heliantheae of
COMPOSITAE)

Ambrosia aptera DC. Giant Ragweed.

Abundant in moist soil on flood plains. Similar to A. trifida of
the eastern states.

Te as to Arizona.

Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Western Ragweed. Perennial Ragweed.
Abundant in valleys. Similar to A. artemisaefolia of the eastern
states, but perennial.
Central and western states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 7

Hymenoclea monogyra T. & G.
Not common here.
West Texas, Mexico and southern California.

Iva angustifolia Nutt. Marsh Elder.
Banks of Barton Creek.
Southern central states.

Iva ciliata Willd. Marsh Elder. Rough Marsh Elder.
Banks of the river.
Southern central states.

Xanthium speciosum Kearney. Cockle Bur.
Very abundant in flood plains and waste places.
Central states.

CARDUACEAE Thistle Family (Compositae)
Tribe VERNONIEAE

Vernonia Baldwinit Torr. Iron weed.

In low open ground. Flood plains. A tall coarse weed with clus-
ters of red-purple flowers.

Scuthern prairie states.

Tribe EUPATORIEAE

Coleosanthus cylindraceus Kuntze. (Brickellia cylindracea Gray &
Engelm.)
Mt. Bonnell. Onion Creek. In dry ground.
Texas.

Conoclinum coelestinum DC. (Eupatorium coelestinum L.) Blue
Boneset. Mist Flower.
Abundant in moist ground in ravines and valleys. Flowers light
blue.
Widespread in southeastern and central states.

Eupatorium ageratifolium DC. Thoroughwort. . ,
Common on bluffs and hillsides. Mt. Bonnell. A shrub with tri-
angular opposite leaves and white flowers.
Texas and Mexico.

Eupatorium ageratoides L. F. (Eupatroium urticaefolium Reichard.)
Thoroughwort. White snakeroot. .
Common in moist ravines. Similar in appearance to the preceding.
Eastern states and Canada.

78 University of Texas Bulletin

Eupatorium incarnatum Walt. Pink Thoroughwort.
Bull Creek.
Southeastern states to Mexico.

Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Late-flowering Thoroughwort.
Flood plain of Barton Creek.
Southeastern states and central states.

Laciniaria punctata Kuntze. (Liatris punctata Hook.) Blazing Star.
Button Snakeroot.

Open dry ground. Along railroad tracks. A perennial plant about
two feet high, with stiff linear, finely dotted leaves. The stem is
terminated by a dense spike of pink or purple flower heads.

Plains and prairie states to Mexico.

Tribe ASTERIEAE

Amphyachyris dracunculoides Nutt.
Dry ground.
Southern plains and prairie states.

Aphanostephus humilies A. Gray.
Dry ground.
Texas to Mexico.

Asphanostephus skirrobasis Trelease. (Aphanostephus arkansanus
Gray.)
Dry ground.
Southern plains to Mexico.

Aster Drummondiu Lindl.

Abundant in woods and thickets. Our most common and most
beautiful aster. With large, purple-blue flower heads.

Central states.

Aster dumosus var. subulaefolius Torr. & Gray.
Abundant along Barton Creek.
Southeastern states.

Aster exilis Ell.

Low ground. Abundant along Barton Creek. A _ fleshy-stemmed
aster with linear leaves.

Southeastern states.

Aster multiflorus Ait. Many-flowered Aster.

Very common in fields and roadsides. The flower heads are small,
white and very numerous.

Eastern and central states.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 179

Aster spinosus Benth. (Leucosyris spinosus Greene.) Spiny Aster.
Abundant in places on the river bank. A partly woody plant with
many slender, almost leafless, somewhat spiny, green branches. The
leaves fall off early.
From Texas to Mexico and southern California.

Baccharis angustifolia Michx.

A willow-like shrub very abundant in the bed of Barton Creek
above the springs.

Southeastern states.

Chaetopappa asteroides DC.

Very common in open places in the postoak woods. A low, slender
plant with white, aster-like flowers. An early bloomer.

Missouri to Texas.

Chrysopsis microcephala Small. Golden Aster.
Southeastern states.

Chrysopsis villosa Nutt. Hairy Golden Aster.
Dry epen ground. University campus.
Plains and prairie States.

Erigeron philadelphicus L. Daisy-fleabane.

Woods and ravines. Heads with very numerous narrow, white
rays and yellow disks.

Widespread in North America.

Grindelia sguarrosa Dunal. Gum-plant.

In dry ground along railroad tracks. Not common. A coarse,
resinous plant with large heads.

Prairie and plains states.

Gutierrezia texana T. & G. Broom-weed.

Abundant in open, dry ground, fields and roadsides. A _ serious
pest in pastures. On of our most conspicuous fall weeds. Much
branched, with slender branches and small, yellow heads.

Arkansas to Texas. Characteristic of the dry prairies.

Gymnosperma corymbosa DC.
Rocky hill. Mt. Bonnell. Somewhat similar to a golden rod.
Te as to Arizona and Mexico.

Heterotheca subaxillaries Britt. & Rusby.

Common in open dry ground. Blooming abundantly in the fall.
With rather large, yellow heads.

Southeastern states.

80 Unversity of Texas Bulletin

Keerlia bellidifolia Gray & Engelm.

Very common on moist, wooded hillsides. A straggling slender-
stemmed plant with very small, blue heads.

Texas.

Leptilon canadense Britton. (Hrigeron canadensis L.) Horseweed.
Canada Fleabane.
Common along roadsides. Much branched, with many very small,
white heads.
Widely distributed in North America, South America and Europe.

Solidago canadensis L. Goldenrod.
In ravines, Waller Creek, ete.
Widely distributed in eastern North America.

Solidago nemoralis Ait. Goldenrod.
Dry postoak uplands.
Central and southern states.

Xanthisma texanum DC.
Flood plain of the river. A prairie plant.
Texas.

Tribe INULEAE

Filago nivea Small. Indian Tobacco. cy
Common in dry, waste ground. Campus. A_ small, much-
branched plant with white-woolly leaves and white-woolly heads of
very small flowers. The flowers are so buried in the wool as to be
almost indistinguishable.
Gulf states to California.

Filago prolifera Britton. (Hvax prolifera Nutt.) Indian Tobacco.
Similar to the preceding and in similar situations. rs
Central states.

Gnaphalium purpureum L. Cudweed. Everlasting. .
Erect, white-woolly herbs several inches to more than a foot high.
Widely distributed in the south from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Pluchea purpurascens DC. Marsh Fleabane.
Flood plain of Barton Creek.
Gulf states and tropical America.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 81

Tribe HELIANTHEAE

Berlandiera texana DC.
Rather tall, white-hairy, weeds with perennial roots and large,
conspicuous yellow heads, of which the rays only bear seeds.
Missouri, Louisiana and Texas.

Coreopsis cardaminefolia T. & G. Tickseed.
Open ground.
Southern prairie states.

Dracopis amplexicaulis Vahl. (Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Cass.)
Shoal Creek Valley.
Gulf states.

Eclipta alba Hassk.

Moist ground. Common on the banks of Shoal Creek and in sim-
ilar situations.

Eastern and southern states and tropical America.

Encelia calva Gray.
Texas and Mexico.

Engelmannia pinnatifida T. & G.

Common in ravines and rich soil. A coarse plant, with large,
deeply pinnatifid leaves and large, yellow heads.

Southern-central states.

Helianthus annuus L. Sunflower.
Roadsides in low places. The common sunflower.
Central states to California. Commonly cultivated.

Helianthus cinereus T. & G. Sunflower.
Found near the river. A small sunflower. Not common here.
Texas.

Helianthus Maximilianii Schrad. Maximilian’s Sunflower.

Bull Creek region. A tall plant with large, handsome heads.
Planted on the campus near the library.

Central plains and prairies.

Helianthus praecox Engelm.

Very common in roadsides in dry, open places. With triangular
leaves, white on the lewer surface.

Gulf states.

82 University of Texas Bulletin

Lindheimera texana Gray & Engelm. Te as Star.

Abundant in open places everywhere. A coarse plant with large,
four or five-rayed, yellow heads.

Texas.

Marshallia caespitosa Nutt.
Moist soil in the Edwards Plateau.
Southern prairie states.

Marshallia obovata Beadle & Boynton.
Moist soil in the Edwards Plateau.
Southeastern states.

Melampodium cinereum DC. Mountain Daisy.

One of the most abundant herbaceous plants of the dry upper
slopes of the Edwards Plateau. A perennial with handsome bright-
white heads.

Southern central states. ‘
Parthenium Hysterophorus L.

Very common on roadsides and waste places. A homely weed with
very small dense white heads. When not in bloom the plant re-
sembles the western Ragweed.

Gulf states and tropical America.

Rativida columnaries D. Don. Cone Flower. Mexican Hat.

Very common in fields, roadsides and waste ground. Heads with a
cylindrical center, and yellow. brownish, red, or parti-colored rays,
Ratibida is commonly called Nigger Head, but the elongated center
makes this name inappropiate.

Texas. Prairies from Canada to Mexico.

Rudbeckia bicolar Nutt. Nigger Head. Black-eyed Susan. Cone
Flower.
Open moist woods. A plant about two feet high; with large heads,
dark centers and yellow rays.
Southern central states.

Sanvitalia ocymoides DC.
Abundant on the flood plain of Shoal Creek near the Spring.
Texas and Mexico.

Sclerocarpus uniserialis B. & H.
Not abundant here.
Texas and Mexico.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 83

Silphium albiflorum Gray. Rosinweed.
Dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas.

Silphium asperrimum Hook. Rosin-weed.
Dry ground. Rare.
Southern plains and prairies.

Tetragonotheca Texana Gray & Engelm.

Very common in fields, roadsides and open woods. Easily recog-
nized by its square involucre of four large outer bracts.

Texas and Mexico.

Thelesperma subsimplicifolium. A. Gray.
Common in dry ground. Similar to Coreopsis.
Rays yellow.

Arizona to Texas and Mexico. -

Thelesperma trifidum Britton. (T. filifolium Gray.)
Abundant in open, dry ground. Similar to the preceding.
Arkansas and Texas.

Verbesina virginica L. Crownbeard. Frostweed. Ice Plant.
Common in low, open ground, roadsides and waste places. A
coarse, rough-leaved plant, sometimes six feet tall, with white flower
clusters. It is easily recognized by its large leaves and winged
stems.
Southeastern states.

Viguiera helianthoides H.B.K.
Valleys, hillsides, open ground or open woods.
Texas to Arizona and in Mexico.

Ximenesia encelioides Cav. (Verbesina encelioides Benth. & Hook.)
Waste places. Abundant on roadsides on the river flood plain.

Very similar to Helianthus praecox, but with winged fruits.
Southern plains states to Florida.

Zexmenia hispida Gray.
Dry hillsides. Mt. Bonnell.
Texas and Mexico.

Tribe HELENIEAE

Amblyolepis setigera DC.
River flood plain and on uplands.
Texas prairies.

84 University of Texas Bulletin

Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Indian Blanket. Indian Sunburst.

In fields and roadsides everywhere. One of our most abundant
late-spring flowers. The red and orange-rayed heads are familiar
to everyone.

Southern plains and prairie states.

Gaillardia suavis Britton & Rusby.

Abundant in fields and hillsides. Larger than the preceding, but
less conspicuous because the heads are cone without rays.

Texas prairies.

Helenium microcephalum DC. Sneezeweed.

Common in valleys. The small heads have yellow rays and a
yellow or brown disk. The stems are winged.

Texas.

Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. Sneezeweed. Bitterweed.

Abundant in dry soil and waste places. A low plant with small
yelicw head and many linear leaves. Easily recognized by its strong
odor.

Southeastern states.

Hymenopappus artemisaefolius DC.
Texas plains and prairies. Bull Creek region. Rare here.
Texas prairies.

Hymenopappus carolinense Porter.

Abundant in fields, roadsides, and waste places. Campus. A
coarse plant with slightly wooly leaves and rayless heads of white
flowers.

Southeastern states.

Hymenopappus corymbosus T. & G.
Fields, roadsides, and waste places.
Southern prairie states.

Pectis angustifolia Torr. Limoncillo.
Rare here.
Southern mountains and plains.

Polypteris callosa Gray.

Abundant on roadsides and open woods of the uplands, particularly
in the postoak woods. A _ stiff, much-branched plant with slender
stems, small, narrow leaves, and purple-pink, aster-like heads.
Blooming in the fall.

Missouri to Texas.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 85

Tetraneuris linearifolia Green. (Actinella linearifolia Torr. & Gray.)
Similar to T. linearis, but annual. Less abundant.
Southern central states.

Tetraneuris linearis Green. (Actinella scaposa war. linearis Nutt.)
Abundant in dry, open places and stony hillsides. Campus. A
rosette of narrow, basal leaves and conspicuous yellow heads borne
on a long, slender, leafless stem.
Texas and New Mexico.

Thymophylla pentachaeta Small. (Hymenantherum pentachaetum
DC.)
Hills of the Edwards Plateau. Not common here.
Southern plains states and Mexico.

Tribe ANTHEMIDEAE

Anthemis Cotula L. Mayweed. Dog’s Cem ile. Dog Fennel.
Along the railroad track.
Widespread in North America. Introduced from Europe.

Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow.
Dry, open places. Common. A _ strong-scented weed with very
finely divided leaves and dense, flat-topped clusters of white heads.
Introduced from Europe and Asia and widespread in North Amer-
ica. Very common in the eastern states.

Artemisia mexicana Willd. |
Open, dry. ground. Not very common here.
Southern plains states and Mexico.

Tribe SENECIONEAE

Mesadenia tuberosa Britton. (Cacalia tuberosa Nutt.) Indian Plan-
tain.
Flood plain of Bull Creek.
Prairie states.

Senecio ampullaceus Hook. Squaw-weed.

Abundant in the river flood plain. A tall, coarse weed with large,
white-wooly leaves and yellow heads.

Texas.

Senecio lobatus Pers.
Valleys and flood plains.
Southeastern states to Mexico.

i

86 University of Texas Bulletin >

Senecio obovatus Muhl.
Valleys and flood plains.
Eastern states and Canada.

Tribe CYNAREAE

Carduus austrinus Small. Thistle.
Abundant in low ground, fields and roadsides. The common
thistle.

Texas.

Centaurea americana Nutt. Star Thistle.

Roadsides in low ground.

A tall thistle with pink or whitish heads three or four inches in
diameter.

Southern plains and prairies to Mexico.

Tribe MUTISIEAE

Thyrsanthema nutans Kuntze. (Chaptalia nutans Hemsl.)

Rich, moist soil on bluffs and in ravines of the Edwards Plateau.
A rosette cf woolly leaves at the ground and a leafless stem bearing
a nodding head of pink flowers.

Texas and Mexico.

CICHOREACEAE Chicory Family
(Tribe Cichoreaceae under Compositae.)

Adopogon occidentalis Kuntze. (Krigia occidentalis Nutt.) Dwarf
Dandelion.
Abundant in level uplands of the post-oak region. In woods and
pastures.
Southern prairie states.

Lactuca ludoviciana DC. Wild Lettuce.
Roadsides and waste places.
Prairie states.

Lactuca virosa L. (L. scariola L.) Prickly Lettuce. Compass Plant.
Roadsides and waste places. The leaves by the twisting of their
bases tend to stand vertically pointing north and south.
Introduced from Europe and widespread in North America.

Lygodesmia texana Green. (L. aphylla var. texana T. & G.)
Dry ground. Roadsides. University campus. An almost leafless
plant with slender, green branches and large, delicate, lavender heads.
Texas.

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 87

Pinaropappus roseus Lens.
Common in ravines and bluffs of the Edwards Plateau.
Texas and Mexico.

Serinea oppositifolia Kuntze. (Apogon humilis Ell.)
Shoal Creek Valley.
Southeastern states.

Sitilias grandiflora Greene. False Dandelion.
River flood plain.
Southern prairie states.

Sitiias multicaulis Green. (Pyrrhopappus multicaulis DC.) False
Dandelion. Dandelion.
Very common in open ground. Campus.
Gulf states to Arizona and Mexico.

Sonchus asper All. Sow Thistle.
Roadsides and waste ground. One of our most common weeds. A
coarse plant with prickly-margined leaves and small yellow heads.
Widespread in North America.

Sonchus oleraceus L. Sow Thistle.
Similar to the other and in similar locations; equally abundant.
Widespread in North America. Naturalized from Europe.

Taraxacum Taraxacum Karst. Dandelion. (T. officinale Weber.)
Occasional in roadsides here. Coming in from the Northeastern
States.
A cosmopolitan weed.

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INDEX

Abutilon holosericewm Scheele...... 51

Abutilon incanum Sweet.........66- 50
Abutilon texense T. and G........ tm)!
Abutilon wrightii A. Gray......... BO
Acacia filicoides Trelease............ 35
Acacia Roemerianna Schlect....... ae, oe
ye a gracilens var. monococcus

ae BS EO CE eee 43
Raclavha Lindheimeri Muell. ; ie 43
Acalypha ostryaefolia Rydb. ..... terse Di eee
Acalypha radians Torr...........65 =e 82
Achillea millefolium L. ........... ae

Actinella linearifolia Torr and Gray.. 85
Actinella scaposa var. linearis Nutt.. 85

Acuan Illinoensis Kuntze............ 35
Acuan velutina Kuntze...........+.. 35
Pe PIII a5 cls. s\a,0 0 nea 0 0's! eye : 5
Adelia pubescens Kuntze..........6. Li
Adiantum Capillus-veneris L. ...... 5
oS oe er ere 29
Adopogon occidentalis ante ee 86
PURI IES MEA V2. ooo bo 0.50.0 ac c0.0,0 0 v6 48
2 1A th. JABS SASS eae ree
Ailanthus glandulosus Desf. ........ 43
TU CA See ee ee o. wee
UF DoT a AE eee eeoeec BE Fy al
Altioma dlbida Walt. .....-....cee- oe ala
Allionia nyctaginea Michx. ......... 27
Allium canadenze L. .....++-e0e totet a Ae
Allium Hellert Small. ............00 meh fe
Allium microscordion Small. ....... 718
PALSY A ATUILTEL TLE... 5. 0.0 wyn, 0 070, 0.5:6 6 30a eae 18
Alopecurus geniculatus L. .......... 11
Aloysia ligustrima Small. .......... 66
Alsine Baldwinitt Small. ............ 28
Branded Leck cick. forse 20 delere nec 28
Alternanthera repens Kuntze........ 25
DRUESIPTEAEND op so. Scaie ein jer ds els Kes 25
Per SET 2 Woe aoe int, ds aya » do's clelale <« 26
PRET AUAUVEI S - Sek rs loie iain Ba 2: ofeos ia ssa. a malls 26
Amaranthus albus L. .....ceceeeeees 25
Amaranthus blitoides Reverchonii
Mitertey eal. | ESV rs 20 aveis\e a! Ste. Se )aeiarche 25
Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats. ...... 25
Amaranthus Pringlet Watson........ 26
Amaranthus retroflexus L. ......... 26
Amaranthus spinosus L. ........+-. 26
PRIMES SA ot vay Hors hein ar dtare ahate ote. & Me 19
Amblyolepis setigera DC. .........+.-. 83
Ambrosia aptera DC. ......2..ecees 76
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. ........ 76
Ammannia coccinea Rottb. ........ 53
Amt SROGNAU EE Siete cect eee eee es 56
Amorpha fruticosa L. ...0..2eseeee 37
Amorpha texana Buckl. ............ 37
Ammoselinum Butleri Coult. & Rose 56
Ampelopsis arborea Rusby.......... 49

Amphilophis saccharoides (Sw.) Nash. 8
Amphyachyris dracunculoides Nutt.. 78

Amsonia texana Heller.............. 60
Anagallis arvensis L. ......+++++0-2- 58
PERI UR INS o'al ahd olce alse s!sin'es'n's u's 5 00 © 66
Andropogon argyraceus Schul®é ...: 8

Andropogon glomeratus B. S. P..... 9
Androstephium coeruleum Greene.... 18
Anemia mexicana KL. .........+06. 5
Anemone decapetala Ard. .......... 29
PETES AE TMS: AG cies! oer c co's a,c sea teed 61

PRAAEDEICSL MENGE Velde fo) w asa 'ccw os s.aloalele a
PIO OC TROL US > oe ae Sh ve aja» A dlalaginie «
PASC MAS COTM Bist. oia.c ek saa acs 2 ws
Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum Small.
Aphanostephus humilis A. Gray
Aphanostephus arkansanus. . ......
Aphanostephus skirrobasis Trelease. .
ADULT: Nts UOTPan: © 2.22 dccbie< asec
Apogon Rimilis TN. o.2..6 5% 2 <0 ovccns «
Aquilegia canadensis L. .....cescees
Aquilegia chrysantha Gray..........
Arabis petiolaris A. Gray.........0-
Arabis virginica Trelease..........
Arbutus Xalapensis H.B.K. ........ i
Arenaria Benthamii Fenzl. ..........

Argemone alba Lesteb. .............
Argemone Platyceras Link & Otto..
Argythamnia humilis Muelh .......
Argythamnia mercurialina Nutt....
Arisaema dracontium Schott. ......
Aristida longiseta Steud. ..........
Aristida purpurea Nutt. ..........
Aristolochia longifolia Engelm. and
Ciao t Bie age eee fans Meta Sie tw Bog
Arrow-leaf, Arrow-head. . ........
Artemisia mexicana Willd. ........
Asclepias Lindheimeri Engelm.
Asclepias texana Heller.............
Asclepias verticillata L. .........-.
Asclepiodora decumbens A. Gray....
Asclepiodora viridis A. Gray.......
Ascyrum hypericoides Li. ....seeees
Ash-leaved- -Maples - ois ie cect ssc
Asplenium resiliens Kuntze.........
Aster Drummondii Lindl. ..........
Aster dumosus var. subulaefolius
Warr: aad “Grays ses csde de dese «
waster. Gaile Wells ot ts. 2 SPS oe
Aster multtflorus Ait. .....cccccece
Aster spinosus Benth. .............-
Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. .....
Astragalus leptocarpus T. and G.....
Astragalus Lindheimeri Engelm.....
Astragalus Mexicanus A. D.C......
Astragalus Nuttalianus DC. .......
Astragalus reflexus T .and G.......
Astragalus Wrighttt AG. .........-
PtAmOsed — TabG st oko SS dhe ciace a6 ae
Atamosco texana Green............
Atheropogon curtipendulus Tourn...
CTI, 5 baa arctan ninco. aetete ee laeic a ¢ on @.6
Baccharis angustifolia Michx. ......
Pallas: 4h 2 Bae she ose aceeee wa oo wee
Baliqna Vines 61426 Fe cde Sout eee s
Balsam oo sds.d< Se) cick DAte erat eiald Stee ce
PARA RORTGS 105.2. o 2:56 de cit wees Ok Ob
Ene eemee4 $8038 8 eaiciae + 00 «is «
ccabestens (f° 5.23502 5 55. ss ac ee es
Bee? BipssOnes 1 ada ees «sp acacseans
Benzoin aestivale Nees............+.
Berberis trifoliolata Moric..........
Berchemia scandens Trelease........
Berlandiera texana DC. ............
Bernardia myricaefolia S. Wats.....
Berula erecta (Huds). Coville......
BindwCeds "Cas ae esc 2 « Genie otc 3

90

Bird Pepper
Bitterweedi © Sisco sche ne Suereteis cieretesle
Black Bind Weed
Black-eyed Susan. .
Black Haw.
Black Haw.
Black Jack. .
Black Snake-root
Black Walnut. .
Black Willow. .
Bladder-pod. .
Bladder-pod.
Bladderwort. .
Blazing Stay
Blue Bonnet, Lupine
Blue Gentian.
Blue Larkspur. .
Blue Sage.
Blue Violet.
Boerhaavia decumbens Vahl.
Boerhaavia erecta L.
Boehmeria cylindrica Willd.
Bois D’Are
Bose’s Goosefoot.
Bouteloua curtipendula Torr.
Bouteloua hirsuta Lag.
Bouteloua texana S. Wats.
Boutelou trifida Thurb. ..........-
Bowlesia septentrionalis Coult. and
EUOSC ic cvanceleve oleae (© o ee Wie nee Bee ee
Bouchetia anomala Brit. and Rusby.
Bowwood. .
Box elders, 2 (Seiectcwtctot etettots See le
Brassica Juncea Cosson
Brayondendron texanus Small......
Brayulinea densa Small............
Brazoria scutellarioides Engelm. and
Gray
Breweria Pickeringii
Brickellia cylindracea. .
Bromus purgans texensis Shear.
Bromus secalinus Vi. aecesiccevsecss
Bromus unioloides H.B.K.
BYOOM=WCCG:, |. 1.0/0, clots ite ie.e Meoheese ae
Broussonetia papyrifera Vent......
Buckthorn wis ieterews ote ecicsisievere anamicherer:
Buddleia ramosa Torr.
Battalo. Buia. -ce% Sowiehessaersierete.c sakes
Bulbilis dactyloides Raf.
Bull Nettle.
Bullsush: ch ie0k de os seiaeseattict seein
Bumelia lanuginosa Pers.
Bur i\Clovers? © acct Ss. cei cco
Bur Clover, sa Medic cae sine ese
BaGeCrasss: 2 scjtesciaiecc¥etue «1s vepcenmieteneties
BurviOakac. 5.5. ateseteten bictetesabatens cveuctere
Bar) Nib oe ecareioteyateve ters vo eromenlevepeate
Bursa Bursa-pastoris Brit.
Bush: “Clover... sc fotecistessie ier sisie einen
Bushy Knotweed. .
Batter Cuny cot. ee \siscre eattle sce rere Rae sake
Buttercup, Crowfoot.
Butterfly Pea. .
Button Bush. .

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Cacaltia tuberosa. Nutt. .....-..c.00c6
Cactus missouriensis Kuntze
Calceoloria verticillata Kuntze
Callicarpa americana L.
Callirrhoe digitata Nutt.
Callirrhoe papaver A. Gray.........
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh.
Calophanes linearis Gray..........-
Caltrop. :
Camassia Fr users Torr.

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Index
64 Campsis radicans Seem. .......-cee.
84 Capnoides curvisiliquum Kuntze.....
24° Capriola dactylon Kuntze...........
82 Capsella bursa-pastoris Moench.
74 Capsicum baccatum Tas 2... .ccscwc ce
75 Gardinal: FIGWER sins... nt ecole eee
21 Cardiospermum Halicacabum L. ....
57 Carduus austrinus Small. Thistle....
20 Carex amphibola Steud. ......... sak
21 Carex cherokeensis Schwein. ......
32 Sarex triangularis Boeckl. .........
33 Carpet. Weed! | s ctiecs onesie nice
72 Carpet. Weed oi. s <scieis sos om ou ieee
78 Sassia Lindheimerianna Scheele.
38 Cassia_occidentals Miz weac ace ovcee
60 Cassia Roemeriana Scheele .........
30 Castilleja Lindheimeri Gray ........
69 Gastor’ Béan.2s 2 oe isc eisen see ee
52 Cat-brigics<. sc bc. ceketete sees aecev0meteree
27 Catia Claw sists sss soke cote af eee iene
ait Cathartolinum multicaule Hook.....
22 Cathartolinum rigidum Pursh. ......
23 Jathartolinum rupestre Englem.
25 Jat-tail: 2 foo 22 eine cee oe ee
12 Jeanothus ovatus Desf. .........-e-
12 Xebatha cardliniana Britton........
13 vedar ‘Him "ii).incos ses cee een eno
12 Jelosia. paniculata Vs 5.22.8 e eee ee
Jeltis mississipptensis Bose. ........
56 Jeltis reticulata Torr: 227. -s6e eee eee
64 Zenchrus tribuloides Li. ....ceccence
23 Fentaurea americana Nutt. ........
48 sentaury.oc Gssorsecetec eee eee
31 Yephalanthus occidentalis L. ........
58 Jerastium brachypodium Robinson..
26 Jerastium longipedunculatum Muh...
Cerastium viscosum Li. .:...0.eec0es
68 Seratophyllum demersum Li. ......-.
62 Cercis occidentalis Torr. ......ccee-
17 Shaerophyllum Teinturieri Hook....
i123 Chaetochloa composita Seribn.- .....
13 Shactochloa glauca Seribn. .........
13 Chaetochloa verticillata Secribn.......
79 Chaetopappa asteroides DC. ........
23 Chamaesaracha conioides Britton....
48 Chamaesaracha Coronopus A. Gray..
59 Chamaesyce Fendleri Small ........
65 Chamaesyce maculata Small.........
12 Chamaesyce nutans Small ..........
44 Thamaesyce Nuttallii Small.........
15 Chamaesyce prostrata Small ........
58 Chamaesyce serpens Small ..........-
39 Chamaesyce villifera Small..........
389 Chaparral e sss Jess sees coi
9 “Chaparral Whillettrias ee cece
21 Chaptalia nutans Hemsl. ..........
42 Cheilanthes alabamensis Kuntze....
31 Chenopedium album Li. ...ccercseces
38 Chenopodium anthelminticum L. ....
24 Chenopodium Boscianum Moa. ......
54 Chenopodium Fremontii S. Wats.
80 Chervilii at otis -elhives su cthistes ee eee
87 Ghess, “Cheat... . dis isieis's oar yeis aoe eee
73 Chickasaw: » Plums 5 css ie ole oioretole teers
57 Chicken: \Grape: \cisicietreins «ceca
85 Chickweed:.... 4 «008 sehen shiek eee
52 Ghiltipin’. 2004s ence ese ae eee
52 Ghinaberry.. 5) Je wis eis 8s ike eiwlola els oieketeieiee
66 -* Ghing: “Trees bio). sine ieee Se
50 Chloris cucullata Bisch. .........++-
50 Chloris tenuispica Nash.......-+ee-
AT Chloris verticillata Nutt. .........-
yl Chrysopsis microcephala Small......
42 Chrysopsis: villosa Nutt. ....+++++e0-
18 Cissus incisa Desmoul...........0+-

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region

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C'over. .
Cnidoscolus stimulosus A. Gray....
Coceutus carolinus D.C.
Cockle Bur. .
Coleosanthus cylindricus Kuntze....
Coleostylis Lindheimeri Small
Colubrina tezensis A. Gray.........-
Commelina angustifolia Mich(?)....
Commelina crispa Wooton..........
Commelina erecta L.
Commelina virginica L.
Common Peppergrass

Compass Plant
Condalia obovata Hook
Condalia obtusifolia
Cone Flower. .
Conobea multifida Benth.
Conoclinum coelestinum DC.
Convolvulus hermannioides A. Gray.
Convolvulus incanus Vahl.

Cooperia Drummandii Herb.
Cooperia pedunculata Herb. .......
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Crataegus sp.
Creeping Mesquite. .
Creeping Selaginella
Croton fruticulosus Engelm.
Croton monanthogunus Michx.
Croton terensis (Muell.) Arg.
Crownbeard. .
Crow-poison. .
Crusea tricocca Heller
Cucurbita foetidissima H.B.K.

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Curly-leaved Day-flower. .
Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich...........
Cuscuta Gronovii Willd.
Cynoctonum Mitreola Britton.......
Cyperus ferax Vahl.
Cyperus filiculmis Vahl.
Cyperus rotundus L.
Cypress, Swamp Cypress,

press. .
Daisy-fleabane. .

SPP Rec a = poss

Datura meteloides DC.
Datura Stramonium L. .........202
Daubentonia longifolia D.C.
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Daucus pusillus Michx. ............
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Delphinium albescens Rydb. ........
Delphinium carolinianum Walt.

Dendropogon usneoides Raf. ........
Desmanthus brachylobus Benth. .....
Desmanthus velutinus Scheele.......
Desmodium Wrightii Gray
Elis SOT ee Fe ie ce ae
Devil’s Pin-cushion
Rew ieees O2 eo it he nc ceca ci ee
Dianthera americana (eae ag ~ pe a
Diapedium brachiatum Kuntze
Dichondra carolinense Michx.

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Dichromena nivea Boeckl. ..........
Dichrophyllum bicolor Kl. & Garcke..

Dichrophyllum marginatum Kl. and

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Dicliptera brachiata Spreng. .......
Diospyros terana Scheele............
Ditaris hums Pax... <0. oc.- noc.
D:tazis mercurialina Coulter........
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Dodecatheon Meadia L. ............
Wie ta Canines. 8 ee eo
Piet Sent ee Aa eS ee
SEN oma tee oe ek ee er
Dolicholus texensis Vail............
Sewn sterane- 6 ote
Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ............
Draba platycarpa T. and G. ......
Dracopis amplexicaulis Vahl. ......
rama Glenna ee i ee Le
Lire TT RL TT A ee ae ee ie ees
Dryopteris patens Kuntze ..........
PRE WEEN woos oe Sha 5 mince, oe oe ae
Parl: Uearetn ee e
Echinocactus setispinus Engelm....
Echinocactus terensis Hoepf. ......

Echinocereus caespitosus Engelm. and

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Echinochloa colona Link.
Eclipta alba Hassk.
Ehretia elliptica DC.
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Eleusine indica Gaertn.
Elymus canadensis L.
Encelia calva Gray ...............-.
Engelmannia pinnatifida T. and G..
Enslenia albida Nutt.

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Eragrostis pilosa Beauv. ...........
Eragrostis secundiflora Presl.
Eragrostis capillaris Nees.
Erigeron canadensis L. .............
Erigeron philadelphicus L. ..........
Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. ......
Erioneuron pilosum Nash............
Erodium cicutarium L’Her.
Erodium teranum A. Gray. ........
Eryngium Leavenworthii T. and G...
Erythraea Beyrichti T. and G.......
Erythraea calycosa Buckl.
Eupatorium
Eupatorium
Eupatorium
Eupatorium

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ageratijfolium DC. ......
ageratoides L. F........
coelestinum L. .........
incarnatum Walt.
Eupatorium serotinum Michx. ......
Eupatroium urticaefolium Reichard. .
Euphorbia arkansana var. Missouri-
emeen Nort ion. sc. ike « cc os
Euphorbia bicolor Engelm.
Euphorbia commutata Enegelm.
Euphorbia dentata Michx. .........
Euphorbia dictyosperma F. and M.
Euphorbia Fendleri
Euphorbia

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Euphorbia heterophylla var. grami-
nifolia Englem.
EHuphorbia Longicuris Scheele.......
Euphorbia maculata L.
Euphorbia marginata Pursh. ......
Euphorbia wpetaloidea var. Nuttalli
Hineelm: \s ¢ < 5:22.25 :eleto ie eas wie a tea te
Euphorbia prostrata Ait.
Euphorbia Roemeriana Scheele......
Euphorbia villifera Scheele..........
Eustoma Russellianum Grisib.
Evax prolifera Nutt.
Evening Primrose.
Evening Primrose. .
Evergreen Sumac
Everlasting.
Evolvulus pilosus Nutt......... Bist
Evolvulus sericeus Sw.
Eysenhardtia amorphoides
Fagara Clava-Herculis Small
Fagara fruticosa Small.............
False Dandelion.
Halse: (Gare. sb Seve wpatete wets ete tree
False Gromwell.
False Indigo. .
False Nettle. .
Festuca octoflora Walt.
Faulago. nivea Smalls ® ovo Ree ge oes
Filago prolifera Britton............
Five-leaved Ivy. .
axe
Florida Moss.. .
Foresteria pubescens Nutt.
Forget-me-not. .
Forking Whitlow-wort.. .
Four O’clock. .
Fraxinus laneeolata Borck.
Fraxinus texensis Sarg. ...ccccceces
Fremont’s Goose-foot. .
French Mulberry. .
Froelichia campestris Small. . ......
Frost Grape. .
Frost Weed. .
Frost Weed.. .
Fuirena simplex Vahl.
Galium aparine L.
Galium texanum Wiegand
Galium virgatum Nutt.
Gaillardia pulchella Foug.
Gailardia suavis Britton and Rusby.
GATliGs, .) ae's ase te ale tavel 0 seateneretotetave-atalone Sie
Garrya Lindheimeri (Torr.)
Gaura brachyearpa Small
Gaura Drummondii T. and G........
Gaura parviflora Dougl. ..........6.
Gaura sinuata Nutt.
Gaura suffulta Engelm.
Geoprumnon crassicarpum Rydb.
Geoprumnon Mexicanum Rydg. .....
Gerardia heterophylla Nutt.
Gerardia strictiflora Benth.........
Geranium texanum Heller. .
Geum canadense Gmel.
Geum Virginianum L.
Giant Ragweed.
Gilia incisa Benth.
Gilia rigidula Benth.
Gilia rubra Heller. .
Gleditsia triacanthos L.
Gnaphalium purpureum L.
Goldenrod. .
Gonobolus biflorus Nutt.
Gonobolus laevis Michx.
Gonobolus reticulatus Englem. ......
Gossipianthus lanuginosus Moga.

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Index

Green Ash. .
Green-briar. .
Green Dragon. .
Green-flowered peppergrass
Green Violet. .
Grindelia sguarrosu Dunal. .........
Cromwell. .
Geound Cherry. .
Ground Plum.

Ground Plum. . .
Guilleminea densa Moq

Grand-daddy, Graybread
GRASSES—

Arctic.
Beard. <

Blue-eyed.

Brome.

Canary.
Clustered Love
Crap:: <-*

Feather.
Finger. .

oxtail. 7.. neers

Goose. .
Hairy Gramma
Hairy Spear. .
Indian.

Lyme.

Meadow Foxtail. .

Mesquite. .

Narrow Melic. . .

Needle.

Pigeon. .
Poreupine. .
Poreupine. .
Prickle. .
Rescue. .
Rice Cut. .
Rye. .
Sheathed. .
Silver Beard. .

Slender Bear. . ..
Slender Reseue. .
Slender Meadow. .
Southern Canary. .
Southern Poverty. .

Stagger. .

Texas, Blue! --:.-

Texas Gramma.

Pini, OVls 2s ua oe
Triples Awn. ~~ «<
Water Foxtail...
Water Star. ...
Western Umbrella. .
White Prairie...

Windmill.

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Bermuda. . .....
Black Gramma. .

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Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 93

Gum _ Elastic.
Gum Plant .
Gutierrezia texana T. and G.......
Gymnosperma1 corymbosa DC.
Hackberry. ,
Hamosa austrina Small
Hamosa leptocarpa Rydb.
Hamosa Lindheimeri Rydh.
Hamosa Nuttaliana Rydb.
Hartmannia speciosa Small
2 SR A ae aa
Hedeoma acinoides
Hedeoma Drummondii Benth.
Hedge Nettle. .
ERIE EPAIOUE 8 befe'c' cc clo cc sce sb ece
Helenium microcephalum DC. ......
Helenium tenuifolium Nutt........
Helianthemum rosmarinifolium Pursh
Helianthus annuus L
Helianthus cinereus T. and G.
Helianthus Mazximilianii Schrad.
Helianthus praecox Engelm........
Heliotropium tenellum Torr.
oS TS eee a
Herpestris chamaedryoides
Herpestris Monniera H.B.K. .......
Heterotheca subazxillaris Britt. and
Mame Petr. « tic cles 46'S a cles o>
Heteranthera dubia McM.
Hicoria Pecan Britton. ............
Hilaria texana Nash. (H. cenchroides
var. texana Vasey. .
(3) Pie ST Aen a “Oe
Homolocenchrus oryzoides Poll. .....
SIPC PISOETISG. we 00". lone o'Se cee eees
MIICNIRCERTO™ 5. (tag 00 'o's a binlis ass ce
Snes Mit 927 es, 5 See caw ak chen
Hordeum pusillum Nutt. ...........
THe TP ONGWCCO. .. ~ o’.0c sco csseneee
_ CUTE ASE Bo oA Pe
Horsebean. .
Horsemint. .
Horse Nettle
Horsetail,
pe ety WI ea ae
Hosackia Purshiana Benth. ........
Houstonia angustifolia Michx. ......
Houstonia humifusa A. Gray........
Houstonia subviscosa Gray..........
Hydrocotyle umbellata L. ..........
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thumb .....
Hymenantherum pentachaetum.....
Hymenoclea monogyra T. and G.....
Hymenopappus artemisaefolius DC...
Hymenopappus carolinense Porter...
Hymenopappus corymbosus T. & G.

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Ibervillea Lindheimeri Greene......
Ibervillea tenella Small............
Ibidium. .
MUM SORSEMEN Sc st <0.8 ot o'c 'o o e'ab elejo'e 6. ¥'e ele
ez decidua .Watt, .....00.c2ccc'eee
Ilex vomitoria Ait.
Ill-scented Sumac
Indian Blanket.

GG 3 een a a
Indian Chickweed.
PRTGRTA © WEOTOG® Foo otc cul o'c' wis’s'c we ble g's e's
Indian Mustard. .
Indian
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Indigo Plant. .
Pedram. "VOBACCO! a5 6 os i’ ere pelle bots es
Indigofera leptosepala Nutt........
Ionidium polygalaefolium Vent.

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Ionoxalis Drummondii Rose........
Ipomoea trifida G. Don var.
reyana Gray
ried: fo. et oe ee ee
Isnardia natans Small
Iva angustifolia
Pie ewintaewWmde sac. Foe et ou
Jatropha stimulosa Michx.
Jerusalem Cherry.
Jimson Weed. .
ein Ate Lee ee ae eS le
SIMGAS CPE TOPS sc Leases a Le eee
ULGUIMRE NOTES TiS toe ee
Juglans rupestris L.
STOOL TLS 2 I 7 A NE. Sn ek
Juncus dichotomus Ell.
ot Pave, oymell 2c miele Wee At AS I Ag ee eae Br
Jussiaea diffusa Forskl.
Jussiaea suffruticosa L. ...........
Kallstroemia intermedia Vail. ......
Keerlia bellidifolia Gray p Engelm.
Krameria secundiflora DC. j
Krigia occidentalis Nutt. ..........
Laciniaria punctata Kuntze
Lactuca ludoviciana DC.
Lactuca virosa L.
Ladies’ Tresses.
Lamb Lettuce.
Fambs Quarter a 505) oie ee
Lamium amplexicaule L.
Lantana horrida H. B. K.
Large-flowered Bladder-pod
Lathyrus pusillus BW. ...........6.
Lavauzia triloba Spach. ....:.......
Lavauxia Watsoni Small............
Lechea tenuifolia Michx.
Lemna cyclostasa Chev.
TC UUNEE” WEI ON® NI) oa sete onc en ee
Leonotis nevetaefolia R. Br. ........
Lepidium apetalum Wild. ..........
Lepidium austrinum Small ........
Lepidium medium Greene...........
Lepidium virginicum IL. ........00..
Leptilon canadense Britton..........
Leptochloa mucronata Kunth........
Lepuropetalon spathulatum Ell.
Lespedeza frutescens Brit. ..........
Lespedeza procumbens Michx.
Lesquerella densiflora S. Wats. .....
Lesquerella Engelmannii S. Wats...
Lesquerella gracilis S. Wats. ......
Lesquerella grandiflora S. Wats....
Lesquerella lasiocarpa S. Wats.
Lesquerella recurvata S. Wats......
Leucophyllum texanum Benth.
Leucosyris spinosus Greene.........
Taatris’ punctata. TLO0Kk’ 0's es 8
Limmodea arkansana pilosa Nash..
MAMONCHION “e.* «ats! of <5 0e in ale aha os 'oe
Linaria texana Scheele
Lindheimera texana Gray & Engelm.
Lion’s Heart.
Bip SPOR s 6 Fads ao b dt oclectee ee an aka ee
Lippia ligustrina Brit.
Lippia nodiflora Li. ..ceccc ee ewe ece
Lithosnermum breviflorum Engelm.
ANG) MFAy (SPAes ete oc a ates x eee
Lithospernum linearifolium Goldie..
Pave? RWI se TTA SOW ak Sek eee
Lobelia cardinalis L.
Lolium perenne L.
Lomatium daucifolium Coult. & Rose
POEs. PAGSS 7 1 eas ose oe « i «stern ee ove
Lonicera albiflora T. and G........
Lonicera Japonica Thurb.

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94 Index

Loosestrife: Fis sete ate, sete cies arcs 53
Loti ‘Bushs fc jsiistats alectaiotas cote 49
Lotus americanus Bisch. .....+...+- 38
Love. Vanes 26d seen occ ee elves Ge 62
Low Amaranthetss) Bee. cotenee otele 25
Low: ‘Vetchhines 2 2.5... nba seleclel 38
Ludwigia natans Ell. .......222e00% 54
Lupinus texensis Hook .........see. 38
Lygodesmia texana Green.......... 86
Lythrum lanceolatum Ell. .......... 53
Madronas 2 (etouietele ceeiseoys.sioteteeseseieie 58
Maidenhair Meriicci.. cicictic 5 cavers eveisie 5
Mallow :«Cheesesiicins «ec sucks oustnie eis siecle 50
Malva borealis Wallm. .......-..cces 50
Malva rotundifolia L. .........see- 50

Malvastrum americanum Torr. .... 51
Malvaviscus Drummondii T. and G. 51
Mammillaria missouriensis Sweet.... 52

Many-flowered Aster ........csceeee 78
Marilaundium hispidum Kuntze...... 62
Marilaunidium Jamaicense Kuntze... 62
Marrubium vulgare Li. ....ccecceees 68
Marshs “Wilders (aionoes oce:auese seuete sauato stot 17
Marsh, ‘Wleabames (256s cpciacrott ols orcroieieiele 80
Marcin Parsley 22% svsievsic. 6.6 cio selenersvichsh= aici 56
Marsh sPennywOrt: So ice, scmselie eters srs 57
Marsha arslames Asie scsi e ctenctorayeltatere a e's 54
Marshallia caespitosa Nutt. ......... 82
Marshallia obovata Beadle and Boyn-
(C011 MOR GEN) OD DOE oro Tae oe ae 82
Marsilea vestita Hook and Grev..... 6
Martynia Louisiana Mill. ........... 72
Maximowiczia Lindheimeri Cogn. .. 75
Mizryiw.Ceds. e hetkrcistis is cuc¥oreeievenshevetow okeieuene 85
Meadow? Garlie’ os cious cles coretiessiececioleis ez
Mecardonia procumbens Small...... 71
Medicago arabica All. «...6.0¢005 39
Medicago hispida Gaertn. .......... 39
Medicago orbicularis «260.000.0000 39
MMICALCA CORSO EUG ais seco teleieleheliskonielohoece 39

Megapterium Missouriense Spach. .. 55

MEIDOMNIGS ee viissis ie ste «omer ele cere 39
Melampodium cinereum DC. ........ 82
Melia, Azedar.dehy WVicwvers stescicieis cic inzelelels 43
Mi Glee Mita Ca WW Alte j</ sie eis, stove. che loksveve 14
VUelklotus alba DeSV. wices sc ccccccs 39
Melilotus andicaioAllia Jere ic cicieus eceivisisis 39
Menodora heteraphylla Moric ...... 59
Mentha cs pin nteiin octet cine cee 68
Mentha Spieatar Ai. (Nerevel wisi cee sl oiels cues 68
Meriolix melanoglottis Rydb. ....... 55
Meriolix serrulata Walp. .......... 55
Veriolix spinulosa Heller............ 55
Vesadenia tuberosa Britton......... 85
Wes auite rid bic cicieeteretere sl eikgeseteto tie elere ovens 36
Vetastelma barbigerum Scheele..... 61
‘<“MexicanizA pple ities aictsteiwe sets stevele wre 51
Mexican (Buckeyes. Giscis.s vicis l'erwlsconets 48
Mexteamwebiat. dua ccieieiemereciiereuse tts 82
Mexican, IMWIberinyict. 1 ise ores te oistoiciontness 23
Mexican: -Rersimmon. 7. Sic. sisiecisle ee 58
Mexican (Walnut: . ieieiocs. cicehvenieieree 20
awed ss hae lsteye S ota ofale s Daoweie mies he 60
Witte CO do isle iv..0.ieusio.0ynioy Nolet retoeanterene 61
Mn cap OTs its 5 oaks ovclchovets sates revizoe pitetenete 43
Mimosa fragrans A. Gray........-. 35
Mimulus Jamesii Torr. and Gray.... 71
Morabilis® Salad Uaiiisic.s sic.0's cso aleleiee 27
Mistletoe: i ace ma tick sakiteen ae 72
Mitreola petiolata T. and G......... 60
Mitrewmort; <i tiepisleriis is ieieteree renin 60
Mock Pennyroyalr cicisis o's o's wlelelsis 4 68
Modiola caroliniana G. Don. ....... 51
Mollugo verticillata L. .....ce.eees 27

Monarda dispersa Small........+.e+- 68

Monarda lasiodonta Small........... 69
Monarda Stanfieldii Small.......... 69
Monkey: ‘Flower. 4. ac.necoo eee fib
Monniera Monniera Britton. . ..... 71
Monolepsis Nuttaliana Greene...... 25
Mornins Glory: chene.ckee eee ee 62
Morus microphylla Buckl. ......... ee:
Morus> rubra Ns. 4...8escn ene eee 23
Morongia uncinata Britt. .......... 35
Mountain Gedar: 8:25... 5.4.0 eee ih
Mountain; Daisy: & 2%... se eee ee 82
Mountain: iaurals.(o....ne eee coe 40
Mountain Live. Oak... .:..'-weheeaee 21
Mountain Pinks. = s..<20. cen 60
Mouse-ear Chickweed. . ........... 28
Mouse-taih ©.) Ges Gets ste cain eee 30
Muricauda Dracontium Small....... 16
Mustane !Grape. 25s cosncee cee 49
Myosotis virginica B. and P. ...... 66
Myosurus minimus L. —_. ww we wee 30

Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. 55
Myriophyllum wproserpinacoides Gill. 55

INailwort; <. sisi eee 26
Nama “hispida: (Gragic 00s 62
Nama Jamaicense Li. .........6..- 62
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. ...... 33
Nazia aliena Scribn. .....-..ceeece 9
Nemastylis acuta Herb. ..........- 19
Nemophila phaceliodies Nutt...... Jee tals
Nettle} coer eee eee ees
Nicotiana repanda Willd. .......... 64
Nicotiana trigonophylla Dunal ..... 64
Nigserhead: (sisi wisleerelsiskerosieesionere 5 82
Nightshades; ... écw eos choee eee 65
Nimble.AKate:.,.c.0.s.octken ee pee 76
Nintooa Japonica Sweet ........... 74
Nipples Cactuss ..ayact-.n ee eee 52
Nodding “Violeta2_:...:-c sacs eee a2
Nolina Lindheimeriana S. Wats. ... 18
Nolina-terang, Wats: 2 a)-reie elects 18
Notholaena dealbata Kuntze ........ 6
Nothoscordium bivalve Brittch. .... 18
Oenothera Jamesii T. and G....... 55
Oenothera laciniata Hill............ 55
Oenothera laciniata grandis Britton. 55
Oenothera serrulata T. and G....... 55
Ocenothera seinuata a: yo. eee eee 55
O. sinuata var. grandiflora Heller... 55
Oenothera triloba Nutt. ............ 54
Oenothera triloba var. parviflora S.
Wats... Cds Ree ire hitches caters

Onagra Jamesu Small.........s.one 55
Onosmidium Bejariense DC. ........- 66
Onosmodium Helleri Small.......... 66
Ophyioglossum Engelmanni Prantle. 5
Opuntia arborescens Eng. ........ : 53
Opuntia leptocqulis P. DC. ...... . 53
Opuntia Lindheimerit Engelm. ...... 53
Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. ....... 53
Osare’ ‘Orange... op cteocie accounts 23
Oxalis corniculata Lie .ccccccccccces 41
Oxalis stricta L. 42
Oxalis vespertilionis T. and G....... 41
Oxytropis Lambertii Pursh. ........ 39
Padus serotina Agardh. ............ 35
Painted \Gtpi aii inicsc cheers ciatetels ict herein “70
Pale (Dock os) (aein.c Sike Sis cusicte clotoie wieietelate —
Panicum cognatum Schult. ......... 10
Panicum colonum Li. ..cvcccvcccccce 10
Panicum fuscum Sw. ....eececee ee alt
Panicum Helleri Nash.........eee. «a pO

Panicum Lindheimeri Nash......... 10
Panicum obtusum H.B.K. ......... 10
Panicum Reverchonii Vasey.....++. 10

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 95

Panicum sanguinale L. .........206- 11
Panicum Scribnerianum Nash...... 10
Panicum texanum Buckl. .......... 11
Papaver dubiwm L. .......scceeceee 31
ICRU DCRTY. 6 cancncccecccs cess 22
Parietaria obtusa Rydb. ........... 23
Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. 23
Parkinsonia aculeata L. ........... 36
Paronychia dichotoma Nutt. ........ 26
P. Lindheimeri Engelm. ........... 26
Parthenium Hysterophorus L. ...... 82
Parosela aurea Britton. ............ 39
Parosela enneandra Brit. .......... 39
Parosela frutescens Vail........... 39
Perera eat Ner! fico s 0.00 cea c0.0 ose 55
Parthenocissus quinquefolia Planch.. 49
Paspalum Hallii Vasey and Scribn... 11
Pe pubtlorunt Rupr. <..0ccecccrcee 11
Paspalum stramineum Nash........ 11
Pavonia lasiopetala Scheele....:.... 51
meneh-leaved Dock .....ccccwursvece 24
ea WOTG.. “os 00 ofc 2 IEE SRE OTE 28
Pt? iG: 4 YER Ase —
Pectis angustifolia Torr............ 84
Pellaea atropurpurea Link. ........ 6
Pellaea flexuosa Link. ............. 6
Lips Nee RE RE en 23
Penstemon Cobaea Nutt. .......... 71
Penstemon Mackayanus K. and W... 71
(2 PTS Gic ie Tecin a S e 32
(2 BT TEL RI ae See ee eee 68
Ut DEE a eran 49
Perennial Ragweed. . ./....:....200. 76
Persicaria hydropiperoides Small.... 23
Persicarla lapathilofia S. F. Gray... 24
Persicaria pennsylvanica Small...... 24
Persicaria punctata Small .......... 24
Persicaria setacea Small............ 24
Petalostemon pubescens Heller...... 40
Petalostemon purpureus Rydb. ..... 40
Petunia parviflora Juss. .........25. 64
Phacelia congesta Hook............. 63
Phacelia patuliflora Gray........... 63
Phalaris caroliniana Walt. .......... sal
Philibertella crispa Vail. ........... 61
Philibertia undulata Gray........... 61
Phlox Drummondii Hook............ 63
Phlox Roemeriana Sch. ............ 63
Phlox tenuis BE. Nelson...........006 63
Phoradendron flavescens Nutt. ...... Vie:
Phyla nodiflora Green.............. 67
Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt...... 45
Physalis angilata Vi. ....cccccccccse 64
Physalis heterophylla Nees.......... 65
Pe UEGiES CALOLAS | NUGts ors «2 ofe-c,< eo 066 face 65
Physostegia intermedia A. Gray...... 69
Phytolacca decandra L. .........00+ 27
EON SE erste any rire ere Rony 6 coo oe 6 eve 25
RaNR COO eee ere are atte tie aoc. a; Sete 26
Pinaropappus roseus Lens. ........ 87
RMMI PRACT OES. sini ciaid’a;« state... isin. mee 41
‘PURSES L «Sie Gee ae ee oa ane 52
Plantago aristata Michx. .......... te
Plantago heterophylla Nutt. ........ 73
Plantago rhodosperma Deen........ 73
Plantago Wrightiana Deen......... met:
Platanus occidentalis L............ 34
PPP EL TT Men oh ches het as Sicicicew ce. c. etc 72
Pluchea purpurascens DC. ......... 80
EET NTS OTITT A 1 DR gl EA eee 14
Poa arachnifera Torr.......cccccce 14
Poinsettia dentata Smal!............ 45
Poinsettia havanensis Small........ 45
Poinsettia heterophylla Small....... 46
Set PEL CECE ES Poke otis ccd a occ e ¢ « 46

Poison Ivy. .
Poison Oak. .
Poke Berry. .
Pokeweed. .
Polanisia graveolens Raf. ..........
Polanisia trachysperma T. and G....
POUSG RIO. LUG: IN Uttsgrs- cs 1e creieis sie, aren cies
Polygala Lindheimeri A. Gray......
Polygonum convolvulus L.
Polygonum erectum
Polygonum hydropiperoidea Michx. ..
Polygonum lapathifolium L. ........
Polygonum pennsylvanicum L. .....
Polygonum punctatum Ell. .........
Polygonum ramosissimum Michx....
Polygonum setaceum Baldw. ........
Polyodon texanus Nash........-..0.
Polypodium polypodioides A.S. Hitch-

cock (P. incanum Sw.)
BOlVMOOY 2 aie ce ac 5 oe ciao metho ok alaleaae
Polypremum procumbens L. ........
Polyteris callosa Gray.........eeee2%
Pondweed. .
Poppy. .
Poppy Mallow. .
Populus deltoides Marsh.............
Portulaca lanceolata Engelm. .......
Portulace oleraced, (at se. .sasssts ales «
POTUMEACE DUOSA. Ths 5 o0.cim cae ee ele aie
Possum Haw. .
Post. Oak: .
Potamogeton lucens Li. ........see0-
Powder Horn. .
Prairie Clover. .
Prairie Clover. .
Prickly Ash
Prickly Lettuce. .
Prickly eh Cary taco. ctor .ccie sears on cree
Prickly Solanum
Primrose.
PRINT OSC etter eiee. 6 are ra eneh cone returns
Prosopis glandulosa Torr.......se+s-
Prostrate spurge
Prunus americana Marsh............
Prunus angustifolia Marsh..........
Prunus serotina Ehrh. ..............
Psoralea cuspidata Pursh...........
Psoralea hypogaea Nutt.
Psoralea rhombifolia T. and G......
Ptelea trifoliata L.
Puccoon.
PESO ae ar Perr eta\ae ane.ecer cians ausora © eels
Pursiane: Speedwell.) 545,. «csc 0 sss 6m
Pyrrhopappus multicaulis DC.
Quamasia hyacinthifolia Britton....
Been ss” DClLIMNE* on ae ce picie ciarecsicie «eas
Quercus breviloba Sargent..........
Quercus fustformis Small..........
Quercus macrocarpa Michx. ........
Quercus marilandica Muench........
Quercus minor Sargent...........0-
Quercus schneckii Britton..........
Q. stellata Wang.
Q. texana Sare., not Buckl.
Quercus® virginiana Mill............
Feear Ine oerais tern ciate inten «6 clans cccece niet ores
Ranunculus macranthus Scheele.....
Ratibida columnaries D. Don........
Rattan. .
eaten bot aeeeie a isk ole ain «oo oe acs
Rattle Bush. .
Red Buckeye. .
Red-bud. .
Red Cedar. .

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96 Index
Red. Oakiy i. Veckie eee ae bar Sie 21 Sensitive -Briaww }.\ ee as. c ee one
Red Piltim’ Jose. 6 ss cancun se Ce ee ORE 35 Serinea oppositifolia Kuntze...... as
Red Roots) aces tet ce bie eee 48 Sesban macrocarpa Muhl. ..........
Red Wild Columbine. Spa fae reteuacelsie a jote b2 ed SESsvania: =) ss bck e hore ee heen See
Retaniar ae) 409 tone ant caer secon Re eee 36 Sesbania Cavanillesii Wats. ........
Rhamnus caroliniana Walt. ......... 49 Setaria Qlaucelu.. <2 +5, o06 sh see
Rhombolytrum albescens Nash....... 14 Setaria verticillata Beauv. ..........
Rhus canadensis var. trilobata Gray.. 47 Shepherd's: -Pumse*. (2. .+0 cate. cee ee
Rhus copallina var. lanceolata A. Shield “Pern. sr" < 2) cickee’ comet eee
GEA ies barca Coe ata eau ee See: || Shin: Oak ssh, ues ews osc ee ae
Rhus radicans L. ....... He ee AT Shittimwood:.2° «.-. snk as <p ee Eee
Rhus Toxicodendron Li. .......ec0- a ba Shooting’ Stary -piss< ss beech eee
RUS IT ENSs Mina. oheciis Gite ene AT DICYOS “"GNG UATE Aa Hen ie ee ene eee
Rhynchosia texana Torr and Cas. 87 Sida) diffusa “HB KG «<2 eae eee eee
Ricinus communis. Ll. .....ceccces 5 46 Stda filtpes As Grays siete
Raving’ taumilis Va: eine cee eee ee 26 Sida filijormis. Moris 4% 25.256 asee
Rock=biush! i Poe ae oreo cet eee hee 37 oida astata St.) Biles... ace
Rock Mosse . 5 20 cc ce eee 84 or physocalys A. Gray ..tsucheeateee
ROCK=LOSCs. etnies ob oe en wee eee 52 Stdg:. Spinosa Uz... wiswa os cso haan
Roripa abtusa Brit. ............... , 383 Steglingia albescens Kuntze........
Roripa Nasturtium Rusby........... 33 Salene antirrhing Woe... -sc cc ooneas
HaSInWOGE. Soa maa o so eb oeek Res 83 Silphium albiflorum Gray ..........
” Rough Pigsweed a tolle ohare Sete Sole Meee iayece seem 26 Silphium asperrimum Hook.........
Rubus trivialis Michx. ............-. 34 Siphonoglossa pilosella Torr........
Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Cass....... 81 S. brachycarpa Richards...........
Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt. ............ 82 Sisymbrium canescens var. brachy-
Ruellia Drummondiana A. Gray...... 72 carpa Watt.” ov. inie kn nas ee wae
Ruellia tuberosa L. ..... SOOO Gora eS 72 Sisyrinchium minus Engelm. & Gray
Rulac texana Small. ........ecus ence 48 Sisyrinchium pruinosum Bicknell...
Rumex altissimus Wood............. 24 Sitilias grandiflora Greene..........
Rumex Berlandieri Meisn(?)........ 24 Stilias multicalis Green.............
Rumesx crispus L. ...... wee si tegeteratoiets 24 SRUNCAD. x sss ees oe oes e ceded einen
Ruste edocs coke ae ee ee eee Ee 17 skunk -Bush.- 2 acsee oka eee
Sabina sabinoides Small (Juniperus DRUNE Bush. in aces sscielate ticle ernie
sabinoides. Sargent... ¢.250 52.08% o's Sleepy Catehfys . <0 .skeinw sss
Sabina virginiana Antoine( Juniperus Slender’ Bladderapods <=: «ssi eeaes
Mir inten ioc ok hae oer 7 Small-leaved Mulberry .............
Sagina decumbens T. and G. ..... 6) 28 Smart: OW Ged sy oc, s cetewrotess eee
Sagittaria platyphylla J. G. Smith.. 8 smuax Bone-nex Ui. < oscccm ecnie 42
Sabbatia campestris Nutt........... 60 ‘SHakeroot.. oe ws <n. eek eee
Sala nigra, Marsh. e. 22 nase «cde ake k 21 DSRAPOEASON, ©. os lave. asin w win ee ota ei
Serva” Coccined As. % sé wise cc, lanes G8 Fneezeweed.”. “a celes + annw im sien
Salvia farinacea Benth. ...........- 69 Snow-on-the-mountain. . ...........
Salvia Roemeriana Scheele.......... 69 DOLDDETTY. <5 Sands ete s ela inane eee
Salviastrum texanum Scheele........ 69 Solanum carolinense L. ..........-.
Sambucus canadensis L. ........002- 74 Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. ........
Samolus cuneatus Small............ 58 Solanum heterodoxum Dunal .......
Samolus floribundus H.B.K. ........ 58 Solanum nigrum Li s.cc.cesceseess
Sudid’ But Ps. ia cca ov eee eR eetiehecas Se 9 Solanum rostratum Dunal ..........
Cam Parsiey. . *2..57% oak seen e one 56 Solanum Torreyi A. Gray...........
Sanvitalia ocymoides DC. .......... 82 Solanum triquetrum Cav.......+..-.
Banawort: 5. 550i 5 ee vie eee 28 Solidago canadensis L. ........+.+. .
Sanicula canadensis L. ........2020. 57 Solidago nemoralis Ait. ..........-.
Sanicula gregaria Bicknell.......... 57 Sonchus asper All. ...scescececeeees
Sapindus Drummondii ............. 48 Sonchus oleraceus L. ..........00000
Schizachyrium scoparium Nash (An- Sophia millefolia Rybd. ...........-
dropogon scoparius Michx. ....... Sophora affinis T. and G. ..........
Schmaltzia lanceolata Small......... 47 Sophora secunidflora DC. ..........
Schmaltzia trilobata Small.......... 47 Sorghastrum nutans Nash..........
Schmaltzia virens Small............ 47 Sorghum halepense Pers. ..........
Schoenocaulon Drummondii A. Gray.. 17 Sour Grass. . ...esseeeeeeeseeceees
Schrankia uncinata Willd. ......:.. 86 SOur Grass. . .ccscscccscendenseavcs
Scirpus validus Vaml.......sccccecs 15 Sow. Thistle. ceitme. aired cierewine ieee
Sclerocarpus uniserialis B. and H... 82 Spanish Bayonet .......-+.eeeeeees
Scutellaria Drummondii Benth....... 69 Spanish Buckeye ......... Viwcevece
Seutellaria resinosa Torr............ 69 Spanish Moss .....seceeeeeseereeee
Sedum Nuttalianum Ref. .......... $4 Spearmint. . ..cceccecccescsceccres
Sedum pulchellum Michx. .......... 34 Specularia biflora GVEY ni se acessiek
Sieglingia mutica Kuntze .......... 14 Specularia coloradoensis Buckl. .....
Selaginella apus Spring ...... er 7 Specularia leptocarpa GEae oss cems
Selaginella arenicola Underw........ 7 Specularia perfoliata A. DC. .......
Senecio ampullaceus Hook.......... 85 SOECAWELL i/o.) ec suse craaincesnie ly (ule wlesene
Senecio lobdtus’ Pras... css ccc ce at «He 85 Spermolepis echinatus Heller........
Senecio obovatus Muhl. ........e.e0- 86 Spice Bush. "ic. 20. «ane eos Se

Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region

Spiderwort. .
Spigelia Lindheimeri Gray..........
Spiny Amaranth. .
Spiranthes, Gyrostachys
Spleen Wort. .
Sporobolus vaginaeflorus Torr......
Spotted Spurge. .
Spring Beauty. .
Spurge.
Spurge. .
Spurge Nettle.
Squaw-weed. .
Stachys agraria Cham. and Schl.....
Standing Cypress.
EPP Er a GOSS. 5... oc cieisle 00 ss eee
Star Cucumber. .
Star Thistle.
Starwort. .
Stellaria media Smith
Stellaria prastrata Baldw.
Sticktight.
Stillingia linearifolia KI. and Garcke
Stipa leucotricha Trin.
Stonecrop. .
2 SAO Lee nats crate
Stramonium. .
Streptanthus bracteatus A. Gray....
Streptanthus platycarpus A. Gray..
Stretchberry.
Styrax platanifolia Engelm.
Sugarberry.
Sumac.
Supple-Jack.
Svida asperifolia Small
Swamp Ash
Sweet Clover.
Sycamore. .
Symphoricarpos.
Syntherisma sanguinale Dulac
Talinum aurantiacum Engelm.
Talinum parviflorum Nutt.
Taraxacum Taraxacum Karst.
EM erase wc clavsiane ae are sie ad eee
Taxodium distichum L. C. Rich.
Tecoma radicans DC.
Tetragonotheca texana Gray & Engl.
Tetraneuris linearifolia Green. . ....
Tetraneuris linearis Green..........
Teucrium canadense L.
DSSS)" AVE oe a oe ee eee
RIS SUICCVCS orcs ccain nics cies.clé be sce
MSR eR STICICLNOPN: “ss cic cisic a.c.e cles 0's «
Texas Millet. .
Texas
SNe NE UI toe na. is, oS ote dlapeelaloes wero
Thamnosma Feeant POET we is ede
Thelesperma subsimplicifolium Gray
Thelesperma trifidum Britton.......
Thorn Apple. .
MRGROUSIWOr .. . oc's<cesciecscacs ves
Three-seeded Mercury ..............
Thymophylla pentachaeta Small.....
Thyrsanthema nutans Kuntze.......
SPIRE Corns wise, ctateiata ave ois ie! mi aVeiosica
AREER Gf oo. 5 org a rate'te oto rereepie aia eee
Tillaea Drummondii T. and G.......
Tillandsia recurvata Li. .....ccccceee
Tillandsia usneoides L. .........c00%
Tilleastrum Drummondii Britton....
Tiniaria convolvulus Webb and Moa.
Tithymalus arkansanus Kl. & Garcke
Tithymalus commutatus Kl. & Garcke
Tithymalus longicuris Small........
Tithymalus missouriensis Small
Tithymalus roemerianus Small

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“19 5G Ho tia | se Sg 70
TOOL ACHE TE PCG (ooo s. chate cee cabs wsineia 42
EASOIAICE CONG 3) s.10 o\01s's bindie,c'QafC aN o wk 39
HOMES > DUPE: sce a hccheamls Career’ «6 8 45
Torus NOd0sa Gaerths cece. ce wcecs 57
Torrey s) NteNtSNAGES! \cn6 csc tie deo sve o's 65
Toxicoscordion Nuttalii Rydb. ....... 17
Tozylon pomiforum Raf. .......600% 23
POMOC RUE rte Diocese 6k rN ee eS a 17
Tradescantia gigantia Rose ........ 16
Tradescantia occidentalis Brit. ..... 16
Tragia nepetaefolia Cav. ......c.00% 46
UP LOUD STAMOS: “VOUT 6, <:0cchh;sie ¢' sineaeTere 46
ME CREY SO LULYel wicca oielaieie sie a ai brolsyeretoca 65
Meree=O 1 ELCAVEDS «5 sec crete edicts Shake eee 43
LFtDINUS PETESUPIS Van, s. o1n «=e o'ip bel @ele 42
Tricuspis albescens Munro.......... 14
Tridens albescens W. and S. ....... 14
Tridens muticus Nash .......ceccsce 14
Trifolium carolinianum Michx. .... 40
Triodia albescens Bent. ..........-. 14
Trisetum interruptum Buckl. ...... 12
Trumpet Creeper ....... oe charoiera ht ahs ea
PTC ae WV COM silos ois aietejateccgus saete te © 2 25
IIe UGE POLE Vac, sts elclevamespaene A¥ 0/3 8
Wmmbrella-w Otte: <<a cijeicale ehpacaetes can an
DIMMS C1 WNCDS: ood sieninc oes a ee's 23
LUST AMETACONGE has ie «cle oieisistoheinicler 23
Ulmus crassifolia Nutt.........0.00- 23
Ungnadia speciosa Endl. ........... 48
Wpnreorm lant ver aol. ate-c-¢ 3 Slssea Sh 72
Uniola latifolia Michx. ............. 14
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh....... 23
Utricularia subulata L. ..... Saverc liters 72
Valerianella amarella Krok. ........ 75
Valerianella radiata Dupr. ......... 75
Venus” “lookine=rlass: © oc... Si wicca 76
Verbascum Thapsus L. Muhein........ y fr
Verbena bipinnatigda Nutt. ........ 67
Verbena canescens H.B.K........... 67
Verbena: cttiata Benth... 32%, 3.60060 67
Verbena officinalis Li ....cscceccces 67
Verbena pumila Rydb. .......cceeeces 67
Verbesina encelioides Benth. & Hook 83
Verbesing virginica Li. ...cccvccees 83
Vernonia Baldwiniit Torr.........00. 17
Veronica peregrina Li .....sccccees 71
ACY Rice 1 ge Bo apres ee pet al Ty aisietey Sue
WICTROTIO RS rarest eres wis ie ei eicla, cick nts: o,e 0 ete 40
Viburnum prunifolium L. .......... 74
Viburnum rufotomentasum Small.... 75
Vicia Leavenworthii T. and G....... 40
Viguiera helianthoides H.B.K. ...... 83
Vincetoxicum biflorum Heller......... 61
Vincetoxicum reticulatum Heller..... 61
Viola missouriensis Green........+.. 52
Viorna coccinea Small.......ccceses 30
Viorna. reticulata Small............. 30
VASE So IS OW OTS Si Oana his evel ciate ot arene 29
WES Eat ECOCK (Gress s/s. c.sicsielole 6 o/scaielee 31
Vitex Agnus-casius Li. ...cccesscvcces 67
Vitis candicans Engelm. ........... 49
Vitis cinerea Engelm. ...........ce>. 50
Vilis cordifolia Lam. ..........e.00. 50
Warvinia ‘Creepers jc duicieaigtec s.0lee. 00 ccs 49
Wralet- WOO SOrrel. cask. «+. <eldelsiacss 41
Water: Crease 2s. oS sas os Bas ciemlelees ; $3
Wistter Pimpernel’ cooter. < sichcic.crieo wei gion 58
WSLOT< WITITORL ditto lentele tec cs arevale e's 55
WYRLEY Sth PUTORG Sits elon cess eels wviels 47
Wisrter” Willow. vcrrcedcc ev oc st « oaldintersve 71
WV SRIOGS 1 8c c catia ls oie works oss ce 23
WAGER ETI geste ns vi! 6a 0aicbrnne ciolers' ere 6
Western Ragweed ........ Bees a. Xitatein. 5 76
VIELE CISPEIBIEMS. © ccs c xis ain ca te broecce- cas 66

98 Index

Witte ‘Sweet Clover. cecm ae o's elev 39 Wine Cup, 4) Sete monks eee Sa
White Elm ..... Ste ialacars ase wiehece eee omen 23 Winged “Tilm 2%: seke eee ee eee ae
Whites barkspur 0202. 2c esc eye cvesce oe 30 Wissadula holosericea Gareke ss cheers
Whitlow wGrass o.2cc sche cee cee 32 Woodbine," 2--- eee Rio sete aka ees ae
White.“ Mulberry *o 3.056 sce. ae sine 23 Wood Sorrel’. sistcicccie seins wien Cee ate
White Oak’ “soyecc oc cc er bios erersloveis oat 21 Wormseed:* yc. eens Se se at
WRITEEOD. cestats ates ole cecciets aucleuel cyerc eRe 15 Woundwort. 2) sess sar 3 Stausta toate aerate
WUE BAPley, oe pian tis oe anise a0 eee eee 14. Xanthisma texanum DC. .......... :
Wild WGarrot cic stncxetic.cie 0 6.0m tiers 56, 57 Xanthium speciosum Kearney .....
Wild Wherry. s Sas ert cists. «.0 0c eases 35 Xanthoxalis (Oxalis Wrightii Gray)
Wild?China “frees cc. cs ecco rei 48 Xanthoxalis corniculata Small.......
Wid=Cacumber™.-...:. oss abe ece. orietets ete 76 Xanthoxalis stricta Small ..........
Wiailatnee@raniaMm s/s. cite sc cusisve sis. cce eisie 41 Xanthoxylum carolinianum var. fru-
Wald Gourd *stien.s cts tinct ecto cake 75 ticosum A: (Gray s/s. ss seus soe
Wald Honeysuckle - 22. 62 «secretes ale cis 54 Xanthoxylum Clava-Herculis L. ....
Wild’ EIyaCMth “e210 2 c,<os:ceicie ence eet 18 Ximenesia encelioides Cav. .......- “
Wala ueebuiCe sch ct ccaciee ate eee 86 WV ALLOW © swiss claseteiniels woe a¥eters ees a
Wild Oats i... OR PSIG an REO OMG 14 Vaupon., owe. stew clseiatera tisieis.c1s nee
Wild cOnion’ 5 c.2c.cc + cists cee cooler ete 18 Yellow Wild Columbine. Je Soauaiehe may
Wald Petunia’ Gino tacos 6 ce nee caches 72 Yellow “Wood! “Sorreloc. 32. ua:
WaldtSRVe octet Sitio bccctas cies tiene eucieres 14 Yucca Arkansana Trelease..........
Wald Water-pepper (..2)..5.. os -cniec nan 23 Yucca rupicola Scheele........-cceceee
Wald Yellow* Plum”. het asc reer 35 Zanichellia palustris Le .....scceeee
Wald SPomerranate: “2 ..'< ccs cee catecke 75 Zephyranthes texana Herb. ........
Weald BOD my.” Users eiec nck © teeter tine 31 Zexmenia hispida Gray........s.e0-
yal: “Mobaceo: snc 2 sco ccies + cere eiers 64 Ziziphus obtusifolia A. yar ic siaia
WildtVerbena sccd cc ctts sisters 67 Ziziphus vulgaris Lam. ... a\s\earane
WI Owr “WCE oo ois as teins nit asa an omiete te 24 Zygadenus Nuttalii S. Wats. < as eee