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The University of Connecticut Libraries, Storrs
153 Dim373D D
GAYLORD RG
Seed Germination and Purity Analysis 1989
BY SHARON M. DOUGLAS
During 1989, official samples of 362 vegetable and 17 lawn grass seed were collected by inspectors from the Marketing Division of the Connecticut Department of Agriculture for testing. As the official state seed-testing laboratory, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station performed germination and purity analyses for compliance with the Connecticut Seed Law Regulations and the Federal Seed Act.
Table 1 shows the results of germination tests for individual vegetable seed samples from 14 companies. Results are presented by plant type, variety, germination claim, germination found, and compliance with the standards of germination for Connecticut. These standards are set by the Federal Seed Act. The categories for label compliance are: 1) seeds meet label claims for germination within allowable tolerances and 2) seeds do not meet label claims for germination. All tests were replicated twice. If a seed lot failed label claims it was retested. In addition to germination percentages, seedlings from these seeds must also appear "normal", i.e., they have to be free from decay, have well-developed primary root systems, have well-developed and intact hypocotyls and/or epicotyls, and have healthy cotyledons. Of the 362 vegetable seeds that were tested, five did not meet their claims for germination. In addition to germination testing, seeds were examined for prohibited noxious weed seeds. No vegetable samples contained weed contaminants.
The total number of germination claims and the percentage of claims in each category for compliance are summarized for each vegetable seed company in Table 2. Table 3 summarizes the average percent germination claim, found, and the standard set by the Federal Seed Act for each type of vegetable.
Table 4 shows the results of purity and germination tests for individual lawn grass seed samples from six companies. These are presented by company, brand name and/or seed type or variety mixture. The categories for both purity and germination are as previously described for the vegetable seeds. Lawn seed samples that were labelled with several varieties within a species or with several species within a genus were separated by genus. Purity results are therefore reported as the sum for that genus. For example, Hart's seed mixture "Evergreen Lawn Seed" has a label claim of 29.49% Annual Rye and 24.56% Crown Perennial Rye for purity. Table 4 reports our findings of 57.19% purity. As long as this sum is equal to or exceeds the sum of the individual components, it meets label claims. Of the 17 lawn samples tested, all met claims for seed purity. Only one sample did not meet its claim for germination.
In addition to germination and purity tests, label claims for the percentages of inert matter, crop seed (other than lawn grass seed), weed seed, and the presence of noxious weeds were also evaluated. All samples met label claims for these criteria.
Analyses were performed by Drs. Gerald S. Walton and Sharon M. Douglas, and Mary Inman and Karen Century. Samples were collected by John Chapman and Raymond Weller under the direction of Alton Van Dyke, seed control official. The Seed Law is administered by the seed control official for the Commissioner of the Department of Agriculture.
Sharon M. Douglas
Seed Germination and Purity Analysis— 1989
Table 1. Germination of vegetable seeds.
|
Plant |
Variety |
|
Basil |
Basilcone |
|
Bean |
Blackeye pea |
|
Bean |
Bush |
|
Bean |
Cherokee Wax |
|
Bean |
Cherokee Wax |
|
Bean |
Fordhook 242 |
|
Bean |
Garden Gator Green 15 |
|
Bean |
Jumbo |
|
Bean |
Kentucky Wonder |
|
Bean |
King of the Garden |
|
Bean |
Navy Pea |
|
Bean |
Pencil Pod Black Wax |
|
Bean |
Roma |
|
Bean |
Royal Burgundy |
|
Bean |
Slenderette |
|
Bean |
Tendergreen |
|
Bean |
Tendergreen |
|
Bean, bush |
Blue Lake 274 |
|
Bean, bush |
Fava |
|
Bean, field |
Yellow Eye |
|
Bean, lima |
Fordhook |
|
Bean, pole |
Scarlet Runner |
|
Bean, pole |
Scarlet Runner |
|
Beet |
Cylindra |
|
Beet |
Detroit Dark Red |
|
Beet |
Detroit Dark Red |
|
Beet |
Detroit Dark Red |
|
Beet |
Detroit Dark Red |
|
Beet |
Detroit Dark Red |
|
Beet |
Detroit Dark Red |
|
Beet |
Detroit Dark Red |
|
Beet |
Detroit Red |
|
Beet |
Early Wonder |
|
Beet |
Early Wonder |
|
Beet |
Early Wonder |
|
Beet |
Early Wonder |
|
Beet |
Red Ace |
|
Beet |
Red Ball |
|
Beet |
Ruby Queen |
|
Bok choy |
|
|
Broccoli |
Calabrese |
|
Broccoli |
Calabrese |
|
Broccoli |
DeCiccio |
|
Broccoli |
Green Sprouting |
|
Broccoli |
Green Sprouting |
|
Broccoli |
Spartan Early |
Seed Company
Green Valley Seed
Comstock-Ferry
Crosman
Crosman
New England Seed Co.
Comstock-Ferry
Ferry Morse
Comstock-Ferry
Page
Comstock-Ferry
Comstock-Ferry
Comstock-Ferry
Hart
Comstock-Ferry
Page Seed Co.
Page
Crosman
Hart Comstock-Ferry
Hart
Page Seed Co.
Comstock-Ferry Hart
New England Seed Co.
Agway
Bentley
Burpee
Crosman
Excel
Hart
Ferry Morse
New England Seed Co.
Agway
Green Valley Seed
Hart
Page Seed Co.
New England Seed Co.
Burpee
Comstock-Ferry
Comstock-Ferry
Excel
Hart
Hart
Bentley
Page Seed Co.
Agway
|
Germination |
|
|
claim |
found * |
|
75 |
99 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
75 |
92 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
70 |
65 |
|
75 |
93 |
|
85 |
91 |
|
75 |
100 |
|
88 |
93 |
|
75 |
70 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
89 |
98 |
|
90 |
89 |
|
75 |
93 |
|
75 |
96 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
82 |
98 |
|
85 |
*52 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
70 |
64 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
65 |
100 |
|
65 |
94 |
|
65 |
93 |
|
65 |
99 |
|
65 |
85 |
|
65 |
90 |
|
86 |
97 |
|
65 |
83 |
|
65 |
94 |
|
65 |
99 |
|
65 |
92 |
|
81 |
97 |
|
65 |
89 |
|
65 |
100 |
|
65 |
91 |
|
72 |
68 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
75 |
90 |
|
86 |
90 |
|
88 |
90 |
|
75 |
89 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
75 |
96 |
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Table 1. Germination of vegetable seeds (continued).
Plant
Variety
|
Broccoli |
Waltham 29 |
|
Broccoli |
Waltham 29 |
|
Brussel sprout |
Catskill |
|
Brussel sprout |
Jade Cross |
|
Brussel sprout |
Long Island Improved |
|
Cabbage |
Copenhagen Market |
|
Cabbage |
Danish Ball Head |
|
Cabbage |
Danish Ball Head |
|
Cabbage |
Danish Round Head |
|
Cabbage |
Earliana |
|
Cabbage |
Early Jersey |
|
Cabbage |
Early Jersey Wakefield |
|
Cabbage |
Golden Acre |
|
Cabbage |
Late Flat Dutch |
|
Cabbage |
Late Flat Dutch |
|
Cabbage |
Mammoth Red Rock |
|
Cabbage |
Penn State Ball Head |
|
Cabbage |
Red Acre |
|
Cabbage |
Red Acre |
|
Cabbage |
Stonehead |
|
Cabbage |
Wisconsin Golden Acre |
|
Carrot |
Coreless Nantes |
|
Carrot |
Danvers Half Long |
|
Carrot |
Danvers Half Long |
|
Carrot |
Imperator #58 |
|
Carrot |
Imperator #58 |
|
Carrot |
Imperator Long |
|
Carrot |
Nantes Half Long |
|
Carrot |
Nantes Improved |
|
Carrot |
Nantes Long |
|
Carrot |
Nantes Scarlet |
|
Carrot |
Orbit |
|
Carrot |
Red Cored Chantenay |
|
Carrot |
Royal Chantenay |
|
Carrot |
Royal Chantenay |
|
Carrot |
Short'n Sweet |
|
Carrot |
Small Round |
|
Cauliflower |
Early Purple Head |
|
Cauliflower |
Early Snowball |
|
Cauliflower |
Early Snowball |
|
Cauliflower |
Early Snowball A |
|
Cauliflower |
Snow Crown |
|
Cauliflower |
Snow King |
|
Celery |
Golden self-blanching |
|
Celery |
Tall Utah 52-70R |
Chicory Catogna
Chinese cabbage Michili
Seed Company
Agway Comstock-Ferry
Agway
New England Seed Co.
Hart
Bentley
Hart
New England Seed Co.
Comstock-Ferry
Burpee
Page Seed Co.
Crosman
Green Valley Seed
Bentley
Hart
J. B. Rice
Comstock-Ferry
Agway
Hart
New England Seed Co.
Agway
Crosman
Bentley
Burpee
Crosman
Ferry Morse
New England Seed Co.
Comstock-Ferry
Hart
Agway
Excel
Comstock-Ferry
J. B. Rice
Agway
Hart
Burpee
Weeks
Hart
Green Valley Seed
Hart
Crosman
Agway
New England Seed Co.
Agway Burpee
New England Seed Co.
New England Seed Co.
|
Bulletin 877 |
|
|
Germination |
|
|
claim |
found * |
|
75 |
70 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
70 |
83 |
|
70 |
82 |
|
80 |
92 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
75 |
77 |
|
75 |
95 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
80 |
96 |
|
75 |
76 |
|
87 |
93 |
|
75 |
90 |
|
85 |
94 |
|
75 |
100 |
|
75 |
87 |
|
55 |
85 |
|
55 |
96 |
|
55 |
82 |
|
55 |
95 |
|
55 |
88 |
|
55 |
58 |
|
80 |
82 |
|
74 |
85 |
|
55 |
86 |
|
55 |
77 |
|
88 |
84 |
|
55 |
86 |
|
55 |
74 |
|
63 |
84 |
|
55 |
93 |
|
55 |
76 |
|
86 |
96 |
|
75 |
96 |
|
90 |
93 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
87 |
|
75 |
94 |
|
55 |
80 |
|
55 |
74 |
|
65 |
84 |
|
75 |
100 |
Seed Germination and Purity Analysis— 1989
Table 1. Germination of vegetable seeds (continued).
Plant
Variety
Chinese greens Pak choi
|
Collards |
Georgia |
|
Collards |
Vates |
|
Corn |
Biqueen |
|
Corn |
Butter and Sugar |
|
Corn |
Butter and Sugar |
|
Corn |
Calypso |
|
Corn |
Country Gentleman |
|
Corn |
Golden Bantam |
|
Corn |
Golden Bantam |
|
Corn |
Golden Bantam 12 Row |
|
Corn |
Golden Cross Bantam |
|
Corn |
Golden Cross Bantam |
|
Corn |
Iochief |
|
Corn |
Kandy Korn |
|
Corn |
Ornamental |
|
Corn |
Seneca Chief |
|
Corn |
Seneca Chief |
|
Corn |
Silver Queen |
|
Corn |
Silver Queen |
|
Corn |
Silver Queen |
|
Corn |
Sugar and Gold |
|
Cowpea |
California Blackeye |
|
Cucumber |
Boston Pickling |
|
Cucumber |
Burpless |
|
Cucumber |
Burpless |
|
Cucumber |
Burpless True Lemon |
|
Cucumber |
Early Russian |
|
Cucumber |
Improved Long Green |
|
Cucumber |
Marketer |
|
Cucumber |
Marketmore |
|
Cucumber |
Marketmore 76 |
|
Cucumber |
National Pickling |
|
Cucumber |
Picarow |
|
Cucumber |
Pioneer |
|
Cucumber |
Poincett 76 |
|
Cucumber |
Scabmosaic Res. 58 |
|
Cucumber |
Slicemaster |
|
Cucumber |
Spacemaster |
|
Cucumber |
Straight Eight |
|
Cucumber |
Straight Eight |
|
Cucumber |
Straight Eight |
|
Cucumber |
Sumter |
|
Cucumber |
Table Green 72 |
|
Cucumber |
Table Green 77 |
|
Cucumber |
Wisconsin SMR 18 |
Seed Company
Agway
Burpee Comstock-Ferry
Comstock-Ferry
Comstock-Ferry
Page
Comstock-Ferry
Hart
Comstock-Ferry
Crosman
Hart
Bentley
Crosman
Comstock-Ferry
Page
Hart
Crosman
Hart
Comstock-Ferry
Crosman
Page
Hart
Hart
New England Seed Co.
New England Seed Co.
Weeks
Comstock-Ferry
Hart
Hart
Comstock-Ferry
Hart
Crosman
J. B. Rice
Agway
New England Seed Co.
Ferry Morse
Crosman
Comstock-Ferry
Agway
Burpee
Green Valley Seed
New England Seed Co.
Ferry Morse
Agway
Page Seed Co.
Agway
|
Germination |
|
|
claim |
found * |
|
75 |
100 |
|
80 |
96 |
|
84 |
98 |
|
80 |
97 |
|
90 |
100 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
84 |
93 |
|
82 |
90 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
89 |
92 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
86 |
97 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
93 |
|
75 |
100 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
88 |
93 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
86 |
96 |
|
88 |
100 |
|
80 |
98 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
82 |
90 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
80 |
99 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
80 |
94 |
|
80 |
94 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
80 |
98 |
|
90 |
100 |
|
80 |
94 |
|
80 |
99 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
80 |
99 |
|
80 |
99 |
|
80 |
94 |
|
80 |
90 |
|
80 |
98 |
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Table 1. Germination of vegetable seeds (continued).
Plant
Variety
|
Eggplant |
Black Beauty |
|
Eggplant |
Black Beauty |
|
Eggplant |
Black Beauty |
|
Eggplant |
Dusky |
|
Eggplant |
Early Long Purple |
|
Eggplant |
Early Long Purple |
|
Eggplant |
Superhybrid |
|
Endive |
Full Heart Batavian |
|
Endive |
Green Curled |
|
Endive |
Green Curled |
|
Endive |
Salad King |
|
Kale |
Blue Scotch |
|
Kale |
Blue Scotch Curled |
|
Kale |
Vates |
|
Kale |
Vates |
|
Kohlrabi |
Early White Vienna |
|
Kohlrabi |
White Vienna |
|
Kohlrabi |
White Vienna |
|
Leek |
American Broad Flag |
|
Leek |
American Flag |
|
Leek |
Carina |
|
Leek |
Musselburgh |
|
Lettuce |
Bibb |
|
Lettuce |
Bibb |
|
Lettuce |
Big Boston |
|
Lettuce |
Big Boston |
|
Lettuce |
Black Seeded Simpson |
|
Lettuce |
Black Seeded Simpson |
|
Lettuce |
Black Seeded Simpson |
|
Lettuce |
Black Seeded Simpson |
|
Lettuce |
Black Seeded Simpson |
|
Lettuce |
Buttercrunch |
|
Lettuce |
Buttercrunch |
|
Lettuce |
Great Lakes |
|
Lettuce |
Iceberg |
|
Lettuce |
Iceburg |
|
Lettuce |
Iceburg |
|
Lettuce |
Ithaca |
|
Lettuce |
Romaine |
|
Lettuce |
Romaine |
|
Lettuce |
Romaine |
|
Lettuce |
Salad Bowl |
|
Lettuce |
Salad Bowl |
|
Lettuce |
Salad Bowl |
|
Lettuce |
Salad Bowl |
|
Lettuce |
Simpson's Curled |
Seed Company
Bentley
Ferry Morse
Page Seed Co.
New England Seed Co.
Comstock-Ferry
Comstock-Ferry
Agway
New England Seed Co.
Burpee
Crosman
Comstock-Ferry
Agway
Hart
Comstock-Ferry
New England Seed Co.
Burpee Agway J. B. Rice
New England Seed Co.
Hart
Agway
Thompson & Morgan
Comstock-Ferry
Hart
Hart
New England Seed Co.
Agway
Burpee
Green Valley Seed
J. B. Rice
New England Seed Co.
Comstock-Ferry
Hart
Green Valley Seed
Crosman
Hart
Page Seed Co.
Agway
Crosman
Hart
New England Seed Co.
Agway
Comstock-Ferry
Excel
New England Seed Co.
Bentley
|
Bulletin 877 |
|
|
Germination |
|
|
claim |
found * |
|
60 |
88 |
|
60 |
94 |
|
60 |
93 |
|
60 |
84 |
|
90 |
97 |
|
90 |
94 |
|
60 |
97 |
|
70 |
*49 |
|
70 |
92 |
|
70 |
87 |
|
81 |
86 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
80 |
99 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
92 |
|
75 |
85 |
|
60 |
91 |
|
87 |
91 |
|
60 |
85 |
|
60 |
86 |
|
90 |
97 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
80 |
91 |
|
80 |
97 |
|
80 |
99 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
80 |
97 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
90 |
97 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
80 |
97 |
|
87 |
84 |
|
80 |
95 |
|
80 |
95 |
|
80 |
98 |
|
82 |
79 |
|
80 |
100 |
|
80 |
93 |
|
90 |
96 |
|
80 |
77 |
|
80 |
95 |
|
80 |
97 |
Seed Germination and Purity Analysis- 1989
Table 1. Germination of vegetable seeds (continued).
Plant Variety Seed Company
Crosman Bentley
|
Lima Bean |
Henderson |
|
Lima Bean |
Henderson's Bush |
|
Melon |
Honeyshaw |
|
Muskmelon |
Classic |
|
Muskmelon |
Delicious |
|
Muskmelon |
Delicious 51 |
|
Muskmelon |
Delicious 51 |
|
Muskmelon |
Iriquois |
|
Mustard |
Florida Broadgreens |
|
Mustard |
Fordhook Fancy |
|
Mustard |
Southern Curled |
|
Okra |
Burgundy |
|
Okra |
Clemson Spineless |
|
Okra |
Clemson Spineless |
|
Okra |
Clemson Spineless |
|
Okra |
Dwarf Long Pod Green |
|
Okra |
Dwarf Stalk Long Green |
|
Onion |
Downing Yellow Globe |
|
Onion |
Early Yellow Globe |
|
Onion |
Green Scallion |
|
Onion |
Hardy White Bunching |
|
Onion |
Long White Bunching |
|
Onion |
Red Globe |
|
Onion |
Southport Red Globe |
|
Onion |
Sweet Spanish |
|
Onion |
Sweet Spanish |
|
Onion |
Sweet Spanish |
|
Onion |
Utah Sweet Spanish |
|
Onion |
Utah Sweet Spanish |
|
Onion |
White Bunching |
|
Onion |
White Bunching |
|
Onion |
White Bunching |
|
Onion |
White Bunching |
|
Onion |
White Lisbon |
|
Onion |
White Sweet Spanish |
|
Onion |
Yellow Spanish |
|
Onion |
Yellow Sweet Spanish |
|
Parsley |
Moss Curled |
|
Parsley |
Moss Curled |
|
Parsley |
Plain Leaf |
|
Parsley |
Plain Leaf |
|
Parsnip |
All American |
|
Parsnip |
All American |
|
Parsnip |
Hollow Crown |
|
Parsnip |
Hollow Crown |
Agway
Agway
Comstock-Ferry
Agway
Hart
Hart
Comstock-Ferry
Burpee
Page Seed Co.
Comstock-Ferry
Agway
Burpee
Page Seed Co.
Crosman
Hart
Crosman
Hart
Green Valley Seed
New England Seed Co.
Agway
Crosman
Agway
Agway
Excel
Ferry Morse
Burpee
New England Seed Co.
Bentley
Bentley
Comstock-Ferry
J. B. Rice
Excel
Hart
Page Seed Co.
Bentley
Agway
Comstock-Ferry
Agway
Hart
Comstock-Ferry New England Seed Co. Burpee J. B. Rice
|
Germination |
|
|
claim |
found |
|
70 |
91 |
|
70 |
97 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
90 |
|
90 |
94 |
|
75 |
95 |
|
76 |
95 |
|
80 |
87 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
100 |
|
71 |
' 83 |
|
50 |
60 |
|
50 |
89 |
|
50 |
97 |
|
50 |
87 |
|
80 |
72 |
|
70 |
97 |
|
77 |
96 |
|
70 |
96 |
|
70 |
74 |
|
70 |
96 |
|
70 |
86 |
|
70 |
93 |
|
70 |
79 |
|
70 |
94 |
|
70 |
81 |
|
70 |
87 |
|
70 |
*48 |
|
70 |
84 |
|
70 |
84 |
|
90 |
97 |
|
70 |
96 |
|
70 |
92 |
|
80 |
94 |
|
70 |
95 |
|
70 |
95 |
|
60 |
82 |
|
70 |
69 |
|
60 |
64 |
|
78 |
81 |
|
85 |
76 |
|
60 |
81 |
|
60 |
90 |
|
60 |
74 |
|
Connecticut |
Agricultural Experiment Station |
Bulletin 877 |
||
|
Table 1. Germination of vegetable seeds i |
(continued). |
|||
|
Germination |
||||
|
Plant |
Variety |
Seed Company |
claim |
found * |
|
Pea |
Dwarf White Sugar |
Page Seed Co. |
80 |
100 |
|
Pea |
Frosty |
Hart |
90 |
98 |
|
Pea |
Greenarrow |
Comstock-Ferry |
88 |
96 |
|
Pea |
Laxton's Progress |
Bentley |
80 |
100 |
|
Pea |
Laxton's Progress |
Page |
80 |
99 |
|
Pea |
Little Marble |
Comstock-Ferry |
80 |
96 |
|
Pea |
Snow pea |
Weeks |
80 |
97 |
|
Pea |
Sparkle |
Comstock-Ferry |
82 |
98 |
|
Pea |
Sugar Snap |
Comstock-Ferry |
86 |
94 |
|
Pea |
Sweet Snap |
Crosman |
80 |
95 |
|
Pea |
Telephone |
New England Seed Co. |
80 |
98 |
|
Pea |
Wando |
Crosman |
80 |
97 |
|
Pea |
Wando |
Hart |
82 |
88 |
|
Pea |
Wando |
Page |
80 |
92 |
|
Pea, snap |
Sugar Mel |
Hart |
88 |
89 |
|
Pepper |
Banana Sweet |
Comstock-Ferry |
90 |
93 |
|
Pepper |
California Wonder |
Bentley |
55 |
84 |
|
Pepper |
California Wonder |
Ferry Morse |
55 |
90 |
|
Pepper |
California Wonder |
Hart |
80 |
93 |
|
Pepper |
California Wonder |
J. B. Rice |
55 |
*0 |
|
Pepper |
California Wonder Red |
Comstock-Ferry |
90 |
98 |
|
Pepper |
Cubanelle |
Crosman |
55 |
91 |
|
Pepper |
Cubanelle |
Hart |
75 |
83 |
|
Pepper |
Cubanelle |
New England Seed Co. |
55 |
90 |
|
Pepper |
Cubanelle |
Page Seed Co. |
55 |
84 |
|
Pepper |
Early Calwonder |
Agway |
55 |
98 |
|
Pepper |
Early Calwonder |
Comstock-Ferry |
82 |
97 |
|
Pepper |
Eastern Rocket |
Agway |
55 |
48 |
|
Pepper |
Green Boy |
Agway |
55 |
99 |
|
Pepper |
Hungarian Wax Hot |
Hart |
90 |
93 |
|
Pepper |
Jalapeno |
Burpee |
55 |
90 |
|
Pepper |
Jalapeno Hot |
Crosman |
75 |
93 |
|
Pepper |
Large Red Cayenne |
New England Seed Co. |
55 |
99 |
|
Pepper |
Large Red Cherry Hot |
New England Seed Co. |
55 |
86 |
|
Pepper |
Long Red Cayenne |
Bentley |
55 |
89 |
|
Pepper |
Midway |
Comstock-Ferry |
83 |
88 |
|
Pepper |
Yellow Banana |
Page Seed Co. |
55 |
81 |
|
Pepper |
Yellow Wonder |
Comstock-Ferry |
90 |
97 |
|
Popcorn |
Strawberry |
Comstock-Ferry |
80 |
86 |
|
Pumpkin |
Baby Pam |
Agway |
75 |
74 |
|
Pumpkin |
Big Max |
Hart |
85 |
*60 |
|
Pumpkin |
Connecticut Field |
Hart |
85 |
97 |
|
Pumpkin |
Jack O'Lantern |
Hart |
90 |
98 |
|
Pumpkin |
Neck Pumpkin |
Agway |
75 |
90 |
|
Pumpkin |
Small Sugar |
Hart |
90 |
99 |
|
Pumpkin |
Thomas Halloween |
Agway |
75 |
87 |
Seed Germination and, Purity Analysis— 1989
Table 1. Germination of vegetable seeds (continued).
|
Plant |
Variety |
Seed Company |
|
Radish |
Champion |
Bentley |
|
Radish |
Champion |
Page Seed Co. |
|
Radish |
Cherry Belle |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Radish |
Cherry Belle |
Hart |
|
Radish |
Cherry Belle |
J. B. Rice |
|
Radish |
Cherry Belle |
New England Seed Cc |
|
Radish |
Early Scarlet Globe |
Agway |
|
Radish |
Early Scarlet Globe |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Radish |
Long Black Spanish |
Hart |
|
Radish |
Mixed Varieties |
Thompson & Morgan |
|
Radish |
Round Black Spanish |
Page Seed Co. |
|
Radish |
Scarlet Turnip |
Excel |
|
Radish |
Sparkler |
Burpee |
|
Radish |
White Icicle |
Agway |
|
Radish |
White Icicle |
Crosman |
|
Roquette |
Burpee |
|
|
Rutabaga |
American Purple Top |
Agway |
|
Rutabaga |
American Purple Top |
Page Seed Co. |
|
Rutabaga |
American Purple Top |
Hart |
|
Rutabaga |
Improved Purple Top |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Rutabaga |
Purple Top Yellow |
Burpee |
|
Spinach |
America |
Crosman |
|
Spinach |
Bloomsdale Long Standing |
Page Seed Co. |
|
Spinach |
Bloomsdale Savoy |
J. B. Rice |
|
Spinach |
Early Hybrid 30 |
Agway |
|
Spinach |
New Zealand |
Agway |
|
Spinach |
New Zealand Everlasting |
Burpee |
|
Spinach |
VA Blight Resistant |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Squash |
Acorn |
Bentley |
|
Squash |
Ambassador |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Squash |
Black Beauty |
Agway |
|
Squash |
Black Zucchini |
Hart |
|
Squash |
Blue Hubbard |
Hart |
|
Squash |
Blue Hubbard |
Page Seed Co. |
|
Squash |
Buttercup |
Hart |
|
Squash |
Butternut |
Hart |
|
Squash |
Cocozelle |
Crosman |
|
Squash |
Green Hubbard |
Hart |
|
Squash |
Puritan Butternut |
Agway |
|
Squash |
Straightneck |
Crosman |
|
Squash |
Straightneck Prolific |
Agway |
|
Squash |
Straightneck Prolific |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Squash |
Table Green |
Agway |
|
Squash |
Vegetable Spaghetti |
Agway |
|
Squash |
Vegetable Spaghetti |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Squash |
Zucchini |
Bentley |
|
Squash |
Zucchini Black |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Germination |
|
|
claim |
found * |
|
75 |
99 |
|
75 |
100 |
|
90 |
100 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
90 |
100 |
|
90 |
95 |
|
75 |
92 |
|
75 |
92 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
95 |
|
75 |
95 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
90 |
100 |
|
90 |
100 |
|
75 |
100 |
|
60 |
97 |
|
60 |
93 |
|
60 |
87 |
|
60 |
98 |
|
40 |
95 |
|
40 |
86 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
75 |
80 |
|
90 |
97 |
|
75 |
95 |
|
84 |
84 |
|
90 |
91 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
87 |
88 |
|
90 |
96 |
|
75 |
82 |
|
86 |
77 |
|
75 |
98 |
|
75 |
100 |
|
75 |
99 |
|
90 |
96 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
75 |
100 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
80 |
93 |
10
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Table 1. Germination of vegetable seeds (continued).
|
Plant |
Variety |
Seed Company |
|
Sunflower |
Mammoth Russian |
Hart |
|
Swiss chard |
Fordhook Giant |
J. B. Rice |
|
Swiss chard |
Fordhook Giant |
Agway |
|
Swiss chard |
Fordhook Giant |
Burpee |
|
Swiss chard |
Fordhook Giant |
Hart |
|
Swiss chard |
G.T. Lucullus |
New England Seed Co. |
|
Swiss chard |
Rhubarb |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Swiss chard |
Rhubarb |
Page Seed Co. |
|
Swiss chard |
Ruby Red |
Agway |
|
Tomato |
Beefsteak |
Bentley |
|
Tomato |
Bonny Best |
Hart |
|
Tomato |
Burpee Big Boy |
Agway |
|
Tomato |
Climbing |
Crosman |
|
Tomato |
Delicious |
Green Valley Seed |
|
Tomato |
Delicious |
Weeks |
|
Tomato |
Golden Jubilee |
J. B. Rice |
|
Tomato |
Large Red Cherry |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Tomato |
Long-keeper |
Burpee |
|
Tomato |
Midget Tiny Tim |
Weeks |
|
Tomato |
Red Cherry |
Burpee |
|
Tomato |
Red Cherry |
Hart |
|
Tomato |
RomaVF |
Agway |
|
Tomato |
RomaVF |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Tomato |
RomaVF |
Crosman |
|
Tomato |
Rutgers |
Bentley |
|
Tomato |
Rutgers |
Green Valley Seed |
|
Tomato |
Rutgers |
Hart |
|
Tomato |
Supersteak |
Burpee |
|
Turnip |
Large Yellow Globe |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Turnip |
Purple Top White Globe |
Burpee |
|
Turnip |
Purple Top White Globe |
Hart |
|
Turnip |
Seven Top |
J. B. Rice |
|
Turnip |
White Globe |
Excel |
|
Turnip |
Yellow Globe |
Hart |
|
Watermelon |
Charleston Gray |
Burpee |
|
Watermelon |
Crimson Sweet |
Hart |
|
Watermelon |
Jubilee |
Weeks |
|
Watermelon |
Sugar Baby |
Comstock-Ferry |
|
Watermelon |
Tender Sweet |
Weeks |
|
Bulletin 877 |
|
|
Germination |
|
|
claim |
found * |
|
86 |
95 |
|
65 |
100 |
|
65 |
89 |
|
65 |
97 |
|
90 |
88 |
|
65 |
80 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
60 |
94 |
|
65 |
91 |
|
75 |
95 |
|
90 |
95 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
75 |
95 |
|
75 |
95 |
|
75 |
88 |
|
75 |
76 |
|
87 |
99 |
|
75 |
84 |
|
75 |
92 |
|
75 |
97 |
|
90 |
95 |
|
75 |
94 |
|
90 |
98 |
|
75 |
96 |
|
75 |
88 |
|
75 |
94 |
|
83 |
82 |
|
75 |
94 |
|
80 |
95 |
|
80 |
98 |
|
90 |
92 |
|
80 |
99 |
|
SO |
92 |
|
90 |
99 |
|
70 |
96 |
|
85 |
90 |
|
70 |
98 |
|
90 |
97 |
|
70 |
89 |
Average
76
92
* = does not meet label claims
Seed Germination and Purity Analysis— 1989
11
Table 2. Summary for each seed company of total number of germination claims and the percentage of claims in each compliance category.
|
Seed Company |
Claii |
|
Agway |
52 |
|
Bentley |
20 |
|
Burpee |
26 |
|
Comstock-Ferry |
62 |
|
Crosman's |
31 |
|
Excel |
8 |
|
Ferry Morse |
8 |
|
Green Valley |
10 |
|
Hart |
64 |
|
New England |
32 |
|
Page |
27 |
|
J.B. Rice |
13 |
|
Thompson & Morgan |
2 |
|
Weeks |
7 |
% Samples in Each Compliance Category* 1 2
100 100 100
98 100 100 100 100
98
94 100
92 100 100
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 8 0 0
* Compliance Categories: 1= meets label claims; 2= does not meet label claims
12 Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 877
Table 3. Summary by vegetable type of average percent germination claimed, found, and set standard.
|
Average % |
Germination |
|||
|
Vegetable |
No. of Samples |
Claimed |
Found |
Standard* |
|
Basil |
1 |
75 |
99 |
|
|
Bean |
22 |
80 |
90 |
70 |
|
Beet |
16 |
68 |
92 |
65 |
|
Bok choy |
1 |
90 |
99 |
|
|
Broccoli |
8 |
80 |
90 |
75 |
|
Brussel sprout |
3 |
73 |
86 |
70 |
|
Cabbage |
16 |
78 |
93 |
75 |
|
Carrot |
16 |
60 |
83 |
55 |
|
Cauliflower |
6 |
79 |
94 |
75 |
|
Celery |
2 |
55 |
77 |
55 |
|
Chicory |
1 |
65 |
84 |
65 |
|
Chinese cabbage |
2 |
75 |
100 |
75 |
|
Collards |
2 |
82 |
97 |
80 |
|
Corn |
19 |
81 |
96 |
75 |
|
Cowpea |
1 |
88 |
100 |
75 |
|
Cucumber |
23 |
82 |
97 |
80 |
|
Eggplant |
7 |
68 |
92 |
60 |
|
Endive |
4 |
73 |
78 |
70 |
|
Kale |
4 |
80 |
99 |
75 |
|
Kohlrabi |
3 |
75 |
92 |
75 |
|
Leek |
4 |
67 |
88 |
60 |
|
Lettuce |
24 |
79 |
95 |
80 |
|
Lima bean |
2 |
70 |
94 |
70 |
|
Melon |
1 |
75 |
98 |
75 |
|
Muskmelon |
5 |
79 |
92 |
75 |
|
Mustard |
3 |
80 |
99 |
75 |
|
Okra |
6 |
58 |
81 |
50 |
|
Onion |
20 |
84 |
88 |
70 |
|
Parsley |
4 |
67 |
74 |
60 |
|
Parsnip |
4 |
66 |
80 |
60 |
|
Pea |
15 |
82 |
96 |
80 |
|
Pepper |
23 |
66 |
85 |
55 |
|
Popcorn |
1 |
80 |
86 |
|
|
Pumpkin |
7 |
82 |
86 |
75 |
|
Radish |
15 |
79 |
97 |
75 |
|
Roquette |
1 |
75 |
95 |
|
|
Rutabaga |
5 |
81 |
99 |
75 |
|
Spinach |
7 |
58 |
93 |
40 |
|
Squash |
19 |
81 |
93 |
75 |
|
Sunflower |
1 |
86 |
95 |
|
|
Swiss chard |
8 |
71 |
92 |
65 |
|
Tomato |
19 |
78 |
92 |
75 |
|
Turnip |
6 |
83 |
96 |
80 |
|
Watermelon |
5 |
77 |
94 |
70 |
Standards are provided for by the rules and regulations of the Federal Seed Act; Blanks indicate standards are not available for that vegetable.
Seed Germination and Purity Analysis— 1989
13
Table 4. Germination and purity of lawn seed.
Company
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Wilamette Agri Turf Lofts Lofts
Scotts
Scotts
Scotts
Scotts
Scotts
Mixture
Banff Kentucky Bluegrass
Evergreen Lawn Seed Annual Rye Crown Perennial Rye Creeping Red Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass
Small Spot Lawn Seed Annual Rye Crown Perennial Rye Creeping Red Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass
Shade Lawn Seed Fiesta II Perennial Rye Penn Lawn Red Fescue Creeping Red Fescue Shadow Chewings Fescue
Kentucky Bluegrass
Imperial Perennial Rye
Creeping Red Fescue
Lawn Seed
Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue
Family Favorite
Purity Claim
98.29
Purity Found1
98.98
97.00
98.65
Germination Claim
85
85
Germination Found 1>2
88
|
29.49 |
90 |
||
|
24.56 |
57.19 |
90 |
88 |
|
34.37 |
33.67 |
85 |
96 |
|
8.62 |
8.60 |
80 |
82 |
|
29.49 |
90 |
||
|
24.56 |
50.31 |
90 |
86 |
|
34.37 |
38.58 |
85 |
86 |
|
8.62 |
10.17 |
80 |
81 |
|
24.53 |
25.03 |
90 |
89 |
|
29.54 |
85 |
||
|
29.51 |
85 |
||
|
14.73 |
73.66 |
85 |
95 |
|
86.96 |
97.95 |
80 |
*58 |
|
98.88 |
99.25 |
85 |
92 |
|
98.50 |
99.42 |
90 |
91 |
85
|
Koket Chewings Fescue |
14.79 |
90 |
||
|
Banner Chewings Fescue |
9.86 |
24.73 |
90 |
94 |
|
Victa Kentucky Bluegrass |
29.58 |
32.70 |
87 |
87 |
|
Pennant Perennial Rye |
44.16 |
41.91 |
92 |
96 |
|
* Shady Area |
||||
|
Banner Chewings Fescue |
44.36 |
90 |
||
|
Koket Chewings Fescue |
14.79 |
62.34 |
90 |
91 |
|
Coventry Kentucky Bluegrass |
24.65 |
22.51 |
87 |
87 |
|
Ovation Perennial Rye |
14.72 |
14.62 |
92 |
95 |
|
Play Time |
||||
|
Derby Perennial Rye |
29.44 |
92 |
||
|
Ovation Perennial Rye |
24.54 |
92 |
||
|
Pennant Perennial Rye |
24.54 |
78.92 |
92 |
96 |
|
Victa Kentucky Bluegrass |
19.72 |
20.55 |
87 |
92 |
|
Sun/Shade |
||||
|
Perennial Rye |
51.90 |
52.45 |
92 |
95 |
|
Chewings Fescue |
24.50 |
26.09 |
90 |
96 |
|
Kentucky Bluegrass |
19.60 |
20.96 |
87 |
87 |
|
Sun Mix |
||||
|
Red Fescue |
24.47 |
25.31 |
90 |
91 |
|
Kentucky Bluegrass |
73.43 |
73.91 |
84 |
85 |
14
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Bulletin 877
Table 4. Germination and purity of lawn seed (continued).
|
Company |
Mixture |
Purity Claim |
Purity Found1 |
Germination Claim |
Germination Found 1-2 |
|
Scotts |
Quick Fix Annual Rye Perennial Rye |
79.45 19.86 |
99.59 |
90 90 |
94 |
|
Cadwell & Jones |
Chewings Fescue |
98.83 |
99.66 |
85 |
85 |
|
Cadwell & Jones |
Putters Delight Ranger Perennial Rye Caliente Perennial Rye Dillon Perennial Rye |
32.88 31.82 33.14 |
98.93 |
90 85 85 |
93 |
|
Cadwell & Jones |
Hard Fescue |
98.51 |
99.60 |
85 |
97 |
Results for seeds which were separated by genus and not by species or by variety are reported as the sum for that genus * = does not meet label claims
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station ,
founded in 1875, is the first experiment station in America. It is chartered by the General Assembly to make scientific inquiries and experiments regarding plants and their pests, insects, soil and water, and to perform analyses for State agencies. The laboratories of the Station are in New Haven and Windsor; its Lockwood Farm is in Hamden. Single copies of bulletins are available free upon request to Pub- lications; Box 1 106; New Haven, Connecticut 06504. ISSN 0097-0905