x a Riot Ritate te aa haegson git Pia aN hat Mk: Cie fAZab a ee Raenssit eh Hh i yuu stabi cay a ream ee eo suite es rat We et Ib gents i} Naat ta ,. be he oe ‘ eau i SH GHC NUS TSHR HE nD i a eae Nea ae ait ‘ ESN al atest Tara Rag he i i i wish wats of HT Weg St a, ay) Ava ON sa Ge it, : : a Hah it ata eueh ty x Jinhua ah its i eae HHS latter HE gute erry eh onta hi Wty aL oe Mn hues Ha ely Qn ‘ ty) Aa Rar kn | Mt ee | ae ‘ Mie Dyin i ee f i NG 4 ha ce é Lent a RN ee ce ae Rarayirad eae reer ed a) iN 5 vy Re baty an FISHES OF CEYLON. W. WILSON, PRINTER, 57, SKINNER-STREET, LONDON. Srevcep Fn ded DEDICATED, BY SPECIAL PERMISSION, TO HIS MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY GEORGE IV. KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AND KING OF HANOVER, &c. &c. &c. SELECTION FROM THE MOST REMARKABLE AND INTERESTING OF THE FISHES FOUND ON THE COAST OF CEYLON. FROM DRAWINGS MADE IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THAT ISLAND, FROM THE LIVING SPECIMENS, By JOHN WHITCHURCH BENNETT, Ese. FELLOW OF THE LINNEAN AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES, AND MEMBER OF THE LITERARY AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF CEYLON. 40, 2 a ys Cy Ye. ES oO “kop MAR-3—_1882— D EDITIONS ™~ ast yy eas Y LONDON: EDWARD BULL, HOLLES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE. NS S4eee ee aunt TO HIS MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY GEORGE THE FOURTH, KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, &e. &c. &e. SIRE, That it has pleased your Majesty, as the Patron and Protector of the Arts and Sciences, to honor with distinguished notice this “ Selection from the most remarkable Fishes of Ceylon,” is highly gratifying to my feelings; and, after having served your Majesty and my country twenty-two years in civil and military situations, to find that your Majesty has given special permission for the efforts of my pencil to be thus dedicated, demands the most respectful thankfulness of, SIRE, Your Majesty’s most duteous, grateful, and devoted Subject, J. W. BENNETT. Lonvon, March 1, 1830. Ae vans gon PREFACE. Iw claiming the indulgence of the Public Critic, the Author begs to state, that when he first undertook to employ his heurs of leisure from the official duties of the Magistracy and other situations which he held in the Island of Ceylon, he had no higher view than that of devotion to the interests of the Literary and Agricultural Society, which had been established in 1820, under the auspices of the then Acting Governor, Major-General Sir Edward Barnes, the present Patron and President. To the late highly-respected Sir Hardinge Giffard, at that time Chief Justice ; to Henry Augustus Marshall, Esq. Auditor-General ; to Charles Edward Layard, Esq. the present Paymaster-General ; and to the Secretary of the Society, Captain 'T’. B. Gascoyne, Acting Deputy Quarter-Master-General, the Author feels indebted for their recommendations to make the drawings more beneficial to himself, and at the same time more extensively known to the admirers of Natural History ; of the former he was as anxious, as of the latter proud to be considered equal to the task. The earnestness of such disinterested friendship, induced a farther exercise of its characteristic qualities. It was not until the Governor had, at the request of these gentlemen, inspected the MSS. and thereon voluntarily called a Special Meeting of the Literary and Agri- cultural Society, that the Author had any intimation of the favorable opinion the Society had beeen pleased to form of the publication of the “ Fishes of Ceylon, after drawings from Living Specimens,” or of the handsome manner in which His Excellency had supported his recommendations of the work, by an advance towards its publica- tion, as well on the behalf of Government, as his own. ‘There are many persons of respectability, in England and in Ceylon, who have compared the drawings with the living Originals. Vill As an example that “ seeing is believing,” in its most comprehen- sive view, and that without it, the most liberal may be the most sceptical, one of the senior Provincial Judges, a religious and hospitable character, who had resided twenty-four years in Ceylon, complimented the Author on the “ fertility of his imagination,” when the first drawing of the Hembili Girawah, No. 14, met his view. His breakfast table, the next morning, displayed two living specimens of that splendid fish, in a vase of water, which had been caught within eight hundred yards of his own residence. With an exclamation, he did justice to the author; and in a most im- pressive manner expressed his admiration of, and ascribed all glory to the works of Him, to whom all things are possible as Nature’s God ! The Cingalese fishers give no reason for their application of terms to distinguish fish of the same species; they seem indifferent to the necessity for appropriate names, which, as they say, must be as nume- rous as the seeds of the Wara, (the Abrus precatorius of Linnzus). In Lena Girawah, No. 24, the Ceylon striped squirrel, from its three stripes, might readily suggest a distinguishing character to one fish, actually of the Parrot species, having no teeth, but upper and lower jaws, beautifully divided into compartments. Parrot fishes, when they are full grown, have such strength in their jaws as to be enabled to crush oysters, muscles, &c. to get at the flesh within. In order that the peculiar characters of the Fishes may be pre- served for reference, as long as such preparations generally last, the Linnean Society has conferred an honor upon the Author by accept- ing the dried Specimens of the Fins and Gill-covers of the Fishes herein delineated, for the Society's Museum, in Soho-Square. Having given the reasons which first induced the Author to venture on the present work, the public will, he trusts, be so in- dulgent towards him as to admit that, if he has not entirely succeeded, he has endeavoured to give satisfaction. He has adhered, in his drawings of the Fishes, strictly to nature ; and, as far as his colours permitted, imitated their various hues: but, alas, in vain must be every endeavour to attain perfection ! Ri aN aN iy i SCORPENA VOLITANS. aa al! Order, Tuoractc. On, Native Name, OD Gint-Mana. Gini, Fire—Maha, Great. S. votitans. Pectoral fins longer than the body. Branchiostegous rays 6. Dorsal 24, thirteen spinous, varied with black and reddish brown; the colours stronger on the spinous rays than on the others. Pectoral 14; the connecting membrane bluish and brown. Ventral 6, one spinous, bluish, spotted with white. Anal 10, three spinous. Caudal 12. Tue Gini-Maha of the Cingalese accords with the description given by Bloch of the Scorpena volitans, with the exception of the number of radii in the dorsal fin ;—Bloch gives twelve only. The native fishermen attribute to this fish the power of inflicting wounds, for which there is no cure yet known; but that, at present, | is a mere hypothesis, and should be received as such. Although the name given to this animal by Linneus would justify the supposition that it possesses the power of flying, the membranes of the pectoral fins are not sufficiently united or pro- portioned to the body to admit of volitation ; a position which the native fishers unanimously confirm. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. ae ACANTHURUS VITTATUS. Order, THoractc. Native Name, Oe SEWEYAH. A. virtatus. Armed near the caudal fin with a sharp curved spine. Body striated. Branchiostegous rays 3. Dorsal 35, ten spinous. Pectoral 15. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 28, two spinous. Caudal 16. Tue Seweyah is an extremely scarce fish on the southern coast of Ceylon: inhabits rocky situations, and is not in request but for the gratification of the Naturalist. It seldom exceeds sixteen or seven- teen inches in length, and is well armed near the caudal fin with a sharp curved spine, which it raises or depresses at pleasure: the former is the case when the animal is in a state of excitement or rage. The spine, when depressed, is scarcely visible within the scabbard which Nature has assigned it, resembling in appearance a recent incision. For the present figure, six or seven specimens were procured, no two of which were alike in the arrangement of the blue and yellow streaks near the caudal fin. No lateral line visible to the naked eye. Figure—Nearly the natural size of the Specimen. 3. GOMPHOSUS FUSCUS. JOS. Order, Tuoractic. Native Name, Donec eo Koprara Grirawan. Koppara, Porpus—Girawah, Parrot. G. ruscus. Body brown. Gills, dorsal and anal fins brownish red. Branchiostegous rays 6. Dorsal 22, eight spmous. Pectoral 16. Ventral 6. Anal 14, two spinous. Caudal 14. Turis species of Gomphosus is very rarely to be met with on the southern coast of Ceylon. The Cingalese fishermen admit that it is wholesome; but that it has nothing to recommend it, whether tor the purposes of sale, or to the natives as an article of food, which may be attributed, next to its scarcity, to its diminutive size. The Koppara Girawah inhabits rocky situations. Figure — The natural size of the Specimen. 4. HOLOCENTRUS RUBER. Order, THoractic. Native Name, Sw) 20002 Ratoo Panayan—Rep Panayaun. H. rvuser. Body, head, and fins, bright red. Scales partially tinged with gold. Branchiostegous rays 5. Dorsal 20, eleven spinous. Pectoral 12. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 14, four spinous. Caudal 19. Tue Ratoo Pahayah is found, at certain seasons, in great abun- dance, on the southern coast of Ceylon, generally in deep water. Its flesh is white and solid, and in general estimation. It attains a considerable size, from eighteen inches to two feet in length. For splendour and beauty this fish, when small, may be considered to equal, if not surpass the gold fish (Cyprinus auratus) of China; but it loses the brilliancy of its colours as it increases in size. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. a uurinin \\\ \" Y CHATODON VESPERTILIO. Order, Troracic. Native Name, ae Bea 3 Kora Honva Hu—Lerar Moon. C. vesPERTILIO. Dorsal spines 5. Dorsal and anal fins broad. Caudal fin with a brown band. Branchiostegous rays 4. Dorsal 42, five spinous. Pectoral 15. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 13, three spinous. Caudal 16. Head without scales. Tris golden, mouth small, lips thick, lateral line arched. Tus species of Chzetodon is very rare on the southern coast of Ceylon, and is considered by the native fishers so very unwholesome, from its peculiar food, that it is never made use of. It attains a very large size, and is called by the Cingalese, Kola Hondah, from a supposed resemblance in the dorsal fin to the leaf of a marine plant; and in the shape of the body to that of the moon. This fish is occasionally found in rocky situations, but most com- monly in deep water. This Chztodon corresponds, in every respect, with C. vespertilio of Bloch, except in colour, which might have occurred through that Naturalist’s specimen having been coloured from one in spirits. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. OKO EO % q Se AD 5 ea oe OW AEA EINE: eA: ioe ides areas Abed tind Fe 4 Pe ti. diab Sabina hie Tia a0 ina aie) t law wd sta maa ‘Fog : 5 ¥ as f age! fi iPad ea 7 j . Asin 4 ee roy Sisohaag BP Rivet tf bhi at sil “pawns 7 Ap tearnecy 6. HOLOCENTRUS ARGENTEUS. \ y Order, Tuoracic. Native Name, JUSts2, PookoorowaH. H. ARGENTEvS. Body silvery, with reddish-brown longitudinal lines. Branchiostegous rays 6. Dorsal 25, twelve spinous. Pectoral 14. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 10, three spinous. Caudal 16. Pectoral, ventral, and anal fins, yellow, tinged with red. Dorsal fin, neutral tint. Caudal fin, dark indigo, inclining to black. Tur Pookoorowah of the Cingalese is a very delicious fish. It seldom exceeds twelve or thirteen inches in length, inhabits rocky situations, and abounds, at certain seasons, on the coasts of Ceylon. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. VAR, peta ee aa a ome elalt. ay, We banat, deen) 2 £6 we Ue CHATODON VAGABUNDUS. 1/\ —V Order, TuHoracic. Native Name, af Q_Cy Gat-LeLLaAH—STONE PLANK C. VAGABUNDUS. Tail entire. Dorsal spines 13. Body striate. Snout cylindrical. Branchiostegous rays 3. Dorsal 38, thirteen spinous. Pectoral 14. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 23, three spinous. Caudal 16. Body pale yellow, with brownish-purple lines; above the eyes a black band; another at the end of the trunk; and a third through the middle of the tail. Scales of the body large ; of the head small. Flesh good. Tuis fish is known to the native fishers in the districts of Galle and Matura, by the name of Gal-Lellah ; but every maritime province in Ceylon has a peculiar name for its various fishes. This species inhabits rocky situations, seldom exceeds twelve or thirteen inches in length, is eaten by the natives, but not sought after by the regular fisherman for the purposes of sale. In some specimens, the purple lines on the body are straight; in others, nearly so, or partially curved. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. a Anche FD noe Ww? PAs? wat 8. CHATODON BROWNRIGGIL. Order, 'THoRACICc. Oo) Native Name, 2&2 pen Kana BartikyAH—YELLow. C. BROWNRIGGII. ‘Tail entire. Dorsal spines 13. Body and fins yellow ; above the lateral line, bright smalt. Branchiostegous rays 4. Dorsal 23, thirteen spinous. Pectoral 14. Ventral 4, ' one spinous. Anal 13, two spinous. Caudal 16. Body, beneath the lateral line, and fins, yellow; a deep black spot at the extremity of the dorsal fin. - Lateral line marked by the termination of the yellow and bright blue of the body. Tue Kaha Bartikyah of the Cingalese is too insignificant in point of size—never having been known, by the local fishermen, to exceed two inches in length—to be much sought after as an article of food. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. 9. SCORPAENA MILES. Order, 'THoractc. Native Name, ca an.- Ratoo Grint Mana—Great Rep Fire. S. MILEs. Spines round the eyes, and partially on the lateral line near the head. Branchiostegous rays 6. Dorsal 33, thirteen spinous. Pectoral 14. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 9, three spinous. Caudal 12. Head large, with six cui on the gills. Pectoral fin, with large irregular black spots. Ventral, anal, dorsal, and caudal fins, with small black spots. Tue Ratoo Gini Maha of the Cingalese inhabits rocky situations, and is described as a most voracious animal. The native fishers differ in opinion with regard to its wholesomeness as an article of food. The Scorpena Miles, independently of colour, differs from S. volitans (plate 1,) in the length of the pectoral fins, which, in the former, are not so long as the body,—in the cirri on the top of the head, and in the formation of the membranes of the pectoral fins, which, though in this animal they are more united, are certainly not sufficiently proportioned to the body to admit of volitation. Figure—Two-thirds the natural size of the Specimen. i 10. BALISTES ACULEATUS ¢ virwis. Order, BRANCHIOSTEGOUS. Native Name, CRO os calcleaso RATOOPOTOBARAH, or Mot-Koran—Rep Porosaran, or Rick Pounper. B. ACULEATUS 8 ViIRIDIS. First dorsal fin three-rayed. Tail entire, with two rows of recumbent spines at its base, three in each row. Dorsal fins, 1st 3 spines; 2nd 27 rays. Pectoral 13. Anal 23. Caudal 12. Eyes round. Iris golden. Ventral spine strong, toothed. Fins short, first dorsal, very broad and serrate forwards. Tue Ratoopotobarah, or Mol-Kotah of the Cingalese, inhabits rocky situations. It is eaten by the natives; but, owing to its insignificance as an article of food, and its almost impenetrable skin, is never sought after by the regular fisherman. This fish seldom exceeds nine or ten inches in length ; and when it attains that size, the green colour of the body gives place to a darker hue, and the fine orange colour of its lines and fins becomes of a dusky yellow. Figure—Half the natural size of the Specimen. E Ke rae HEPHOD i Li. ACANTHURUS HIRUDO. Order, THoracic. . wee Native Name, 2" Dwg Dy Kara Hamoowau. A. mirupo. Body strongly marked with five black stripes, three of them resembling leeches. Branchiostegous rays 2. Dorsal 32, nine spinous. Pectorall4. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 23, three spinous. Caudal 16. Lateral line much curved, and armed near the caudal fin with a sharp spine. Tne Kara Hamoowah of the Cingalese inhabits rocky situations. It seldom exceeds eleven or twelve inches in length, and is esteemed wholesome by the Cingalese. ‘The sharp spine, horizontally situated near the caudal fin, and pointing towards the head of the animal, can be raised or depressed at pleasure; but, when recumbent, it is scarcely visible to the naked eye. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. Ota Wadi th, RATE ORS pate Ere SKY, ‘i a alle ia sogiite. doald my {hoe age, ‘ath 4h 12. SPARUS HARDWICKE. Bonn raadgn Saxe . Order, 'Tiroractic. Native Name, ac 3 Mat-Grrawan— Frower Parrot. S. warpwicke. The body marked with six perpendicular dark stripes, intersected with horizontal lines of purple, green, red, yellow, blue, and grey, in gaudy colours. The head is variegated with red and green marks, radiating from the eye. Branchiostegous rays 6. Dorsal 20, eight spinous. Pectoral 14. Ventral 6, one spmous. Anal 13, two spinous. Caudal 16. Tue Mal-Girawah of the Cingalese owes its name to the brilliant variety of its colours—mal signifying flower. This variety the Author is led thus to designate as a tribute of respect to his friend, General Hardwicke, of the Honourable East India Company’s Bengal Artillery, alike distinguished in the pursuit of Botany and Natural history, for whose ready and able assistance in this work, the Author is desirous to record his gratitude. The Mal-Girawah, though not particularly sought after by the fisherman, is not objected to as food. It has been known to atta the length of fourteen inches, but seldom, if ever, to exceed that size, and inhabits, like the rest of the Girawah tribe, rocky situations. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. Taken: 1AM, eo ASA: Ries WARE yo yee ty Ce Meets ail ‘i oe ( Dp el e A se 7 U { x : cu : CE SCAU RAT Cee si oe Bo Cae ee nw: aval 10 genes Widower, A6 SW Ureeusr.e a-care@aeann,.,...,.. Me + 13. BODIAN CUVIER. Order, THoracic. Native Name, NDOD) pe DEWEEBORALOOWAH. B. cuvier. The body marked with strong brown longitudinal lines, the head, back, and tail, bright yellow, alternating with the brown stripes of the body. Branchiostegous rays 4. Dorsal 31, thirteen spinous. Pectoral 17. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 10, three spinous. Caudal 17. Tur Deweeboraloowah of the Cingalese is a wholesome but very scarce fish on the Southern coast of Ceylon. It inhabits rocky situ- ations, and seldom exceeds eighteen inches in length. The Author, during a period of two years, could only obtain one Specimen of this extraordinary fish, which he has named after the distinguished Perpetual Secretary of the Royal Institute of France, who has, both officially and privately, distinguished the First Part of this work by his approbation and encouragement, and conferred an honor on it which is best expressed in that celebrated Naturalist’s own words :— “ J’ai deja eu occasion de le citer dans le troisitme volume Grande Ictyologie.” Figure—The natural size of the Specimen, bail laaibusigy x ae) rt . | : : yack? od: eae Ne leg cat “q iv ene ate Sah geile | 14. SPARUS DECUSSATUS. Order, THorRacic. Native Name, HOGS HemsBici-Girawan— Basket Parrot. S. pecussatus. The back green, gradually softening into a yellow tinge towards the lower fins; the body regularly marked, like wicker-work, by graduated purple and grey tints. The head green, ornamented with orange-coloured stripes and spots. Tne fins and tail yellow. Branchiostegous rays 4. Dorsal 21, nine spinous. Pectoral 13. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 14, eleven spinous. Caudal 16. Tue Hembili-Girawah of the Cingalese derives its name from a sort of pouch or basket in which the natives carry their Betel-Leaf, (Piper Betel), Chunam, (Shell Lime), Tobacco, and Areka-Nut, (Areka Catechu), called Hembili. Girawah, the Cingalese name for Parrot, is a term indiscriminately applied by the natives to a variety of splendid fishes with which the coast of Ceylon abounds. The Hembili-Girawah is edible, but is never sought after as an article of food. It inhabits rocky situations, and seldom exceeds fourteen or fifteen inches in length. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. oe Ldoatvesiaabiew ia ees a ath ae Fa ; Cle eatremairg sa Ys arr abitsbte pie 40 iat ud wali bibeiiy ary io wf sca ee ae O§ 4 a 4 aunt eiice i 15. BALISTES BIACULEATUS. Order, THORACIC. Native Name, ie es ANKATILLAH. B. sracuteatus. Body silvery throughout. The fins of a dull yellow, except the first dorsal, which is black towards the base. Dorsal rays, first four spinous, second 24. Pectoral 14. Ventral 1. Anal 19. Caudal 12. Lateral line, from the head to near the extremity of the dorsal fin, arched, Tuts Balistes derives its specific name from the peculiar structure of the ventral fin. The Ankatilla of the Cingalese is generally found in deep water, and rarely on the Southern Coast of Ceylon. It has a very tough outer skin without scales, seldom exceeds twelve or thirteen inches in length, and by the native Fishers is considered wholesome food. Figure—T he natural size of the Specimen. Teh a te Ny Ape | : laf Plal Mav : ~ es ! rads ; 5 , Ob vitae | A » TP 16. LABRUS FORMOSUS. Order, THoracic. Native Name, AEE Ratroo-GIrRawaAH. L. rormosus. Body grey, irregularly marked with circular black spots. Head bright yellow, intersected by two beautiful diagonal lines of blue, verging towards sea green, one of which ranges with the eye. The first dorsal spine twice the length of the fin, and of a bright red color, which passes through the extremity of the fin, above and through the centre of which passes a greenish-blue line ; the caudal fin is curiously adapted, having its radii circular at the base, and alternately ornamented with circular black dots ; rather more than half of the fin is bright red, the remainder semi transparent white, inclining to a very pale yellow. Lateral line very visible, convexing towards the head, and also under the fifteenth ray, from the termination of which it proceeds in a direct line to the centre of the caudal fin. Branchiostegous rays 5. Dorsal 21, nine spinous. Pectoral12. Ventral 6. Anal 15, three spinous. Caudal 15. Tue Rattoo-Girawah of the Cingalese is one of the most beautiful of its species. It is scarce, therefore not sought for the purposes of food, although occasionally for the gratification of the naturalist. Its flesh is firm, white, and nutritious, but such qualities are scarcely sufficient to produce a reconciliation to the destruction of | such an interesting object of Nature. The Rattoo-Girawah is generally taken in rocky situations, and has been known to attain the length of twenty-four inches. It belongs to the genus Julis of Cuvier, and is allied to Julis Ganymede of Freycinet’s Voyage, tab. 54. Ivgure—The natural size of the Specimen. H USE aaftivGfh ito: “ativan ivr sea: _ Ago abe whe aie Tes seni ianogeihi, Hig peed: DL kee Erne wand he 4+a8 ofD. ah os) Ne ag : ee an0. _ nang Bi} abanvied BF abt Holdive gioiae fat Js fee yb Soluai qn Beat w Ae He ete me Pics in set ry tt Biaitss quod ; mal Fe bes 18d, Bell te % ae ; : 1: he fi allaiibath 6 alt e 7 beds ado i pecs eo) Hemi oon, pit fi Dae ‘ oad patie, on yee bie dail | bub Kasi a tao “I iat te shone yA eh aah XO) gibi kt sa Ce Me Wa CHATODON ARANEUS. Order, THORACIC. Native Name, HAM Gat-Hanpau. C. araneus. Body very obtuse, perpendicularly striped with dark grey, approaching to black; the first stripe taking part of the dorsal fin, the shoulder, and the eye ; the second, about one-third the centre of the dorsal fin, stretching forward to the pectoral, and terminating with the ventral fin; the third stripe takes a portion of the dorsal fin, crossing the body and terminating with the anal fin: the caudal fin is colored like the stripes, the intervals are white, tinged with blue. The iris silvery. Lateral line very visible and arched, convexing towards the eye. Branchiostegous rays 5. Dorsal 21, twelve spinous. Pectoral 14. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 13, three spinous. Caudal 18. Tue Gal-Handah of the Cingalese is a singular fish of its species, and therefore admired. It is found in rocky situations, which offer it protection from larger fish of prey. The flesh is delicate and white, and although so small, is much esteemed. It rarely exceeds three inches in length. Block has given a bad figure of this fish, tab. 198, fig. 2, evidently taken from a specimen in spirits. It forms the genus Dascyllus of Cuvier. Figure—The natural size of the Specimen. 18. CHEHTODON ATRO-MACULATUS. Order, Tuoracic. Native Name, edemro Siw. Dewt Korateyau. C. arro-macutatus. Body silvery, apparently shot with a lilac and pink hue above the lateral line, and irregularly marked with black spots of various forms. The fins remarkably prominent, and with radii strongly indicated ; the spines on the dorsal and lower fins very powerful; the pectoral fin pale yellow. The general appearance inelegant and formidable. Lateral line very visible and arched. Branchiostegous rays 4. Dorsal 26, eleven spinous. Pectoral 16. Ventral 6, one spinous. Anal 18, four spinous. Caudal 18. Tur Dewi Koraleyah of the Cingalese inhabits rocky situations, is generally found at the mouths of rivers, and as high up as the flow of the tide. It is generally esteemed, its flesh partaking the flavor of trout. It is found wherever the sea-weed called by the Cingalese «‘ Pendah,” grows, of which it is particularly fond, and with this weed anglers bait their hooks for it. Block, the German Historian, has described a fish which in many respects corresponds with this, under the Linnzan name “ Cheetodon Argus ;” but in his colored figure the spots are represented as circular, with the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, yellow; whereas the fins of the Dewi Koraleyah are never yellow until life has been for some time extinct, and the spets are of various forms. This fish belongs to the genus Ephippus of Cuvier, and the Cavaliers of the French. Dr. Russel, in his fine work on Indian Fishes, t. 78, equally figures the spots as round, so that the shape of the spots may be liable to vary; the number of rays in the fins, given by Dr. Russel, agree well with our fish. 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