FF a te a Sn a eo tae , ™ an - a ant et ea A eee hahah > Oe atone be CAA ae eb Ae OE dR wh Ne Fem by SON AN SOs 2m NS oe ee ee ee . Ce tele el eee) he Oma he ae ~ ye ef Sue 6 Sav anannas Ned ten etn Gel Mh eee Re ® eee Aol © Coton © = eee ee + howd Sand doit aah eared tty % FOE AER MOIR wh he er ae Ee ee ee Fit Bo bE aot Be eer. ts a toe Noe talib teded. re we eet Lak ba Am Ae me RAS ery ‘ - eB bee PANE NA Rate Delnt o fbn Ante ta & ReBete 1 hot ee Ad NPM eae PEND Sy ment Rae Pee Seton! tee BA Atm HANDBOUND be (e} E n Fa a Z. 5 TORONTO PRESS THE ANNALS a a Lo ¢; 1 i i MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. (BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’) CONDUCTED BY ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.B.S., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, PhD., F.R.S., F.LS., F.GS., AND WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S. VOL. XX.—SEVENTH SERIES. Q Ae ee! —O—oOoOoOoOoOooeoeeeansn eee wee ZO Api’ LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD, ; BAILLIERE, PARIS: HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN: AND ASHER, BERLIN, 1907. “Omnes res create sunt divine sapientie et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; ex economia in conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper zestimata ; a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.””—Linnavs. “Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Brucrner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767. Ba Oo dy Sate tol . ... The sylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818, CONTENTS OF VOL, XX. (SEVENTH SERIES. ] NUMBER CXV. =f I. New African Saturniide. By the Hon. L. W. RoruscHixp, ee ta pees as Fae ar va amise ey Fes ode vooG a ry ee eee D If. A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental Zoological Region. By P. CAMFRON ...........0eee eee III. On Three new Mammals from South Africa. By R. C. FRM MEENN RM 0 Org i het pte LGR Gh aoc «she Win 0° 215 XXXIV. Description of an apparently new Lycznid from Mauri- tius. By Hamiron H. Druce, F.ZS., FES. ...........-200- 219 XXXV. On an Extinct undescribed Fruit-Bat of the Genus Pteropus from the Mascarenes. By Guo. E. Mason ............ 220 XXXVI. Brachiopod Nomenclature: Seminula, &e. ByS.S. RMROP RM OAT Eee Se ee ciewh he Hate ries ti 4 Mini dad dalle a dace XXXVII. On some Freshwater Amphipods: The Reduction of the Eye in a new Gammarid from Ireland. By Prof. Dr. Fr. mmsureys (Plated GL GSE) Sho eae cornea vena tanwnans Sob XXXVIII. Observations on the Trematode Parasites of British Birds. By Witi1aM Nico tt, M.A., B.Sc., Gatty Marine Laboratory, 7 ELE eel ey ee tor. AC Cer Cer ance ie XXXIX. Preliminary Report on the Monaxonellida of the National Antarctic Expedition. By R. KirKPaTRIck .......... 271 XL. Description of an apparently new Species of Monkey of the Genus Cebus. By D. G. Exviot, D.Sce., F.R.S.E., &c. .......... 292 XLI. On the Occurrence of «nickel reer 402 LIII. Note on Rata undulata, Lacep. By C. Tate Reean, M.A. 403 LIV. On a new Hare from the Transvaal. By H. Lystrer . BIAUMORISOIN os ate je ois ie ole wien, o.0'06 iG acl a's Mle DRAG ERE Kaye ia lonle See ee 404 LY. On anew Dormouse from Asia Minor, with Remarks on the Subgenus “ Dryomys.” By OLDFIELD THOMAS .............0+- 406 LVI. Notes onan “ Octopus” with Branching Arms. By EpGar A. osc, (5.0510, 2.5. i(Plateex aL), oictk hn aie ep rcevemn apa 407 LVI. Rhynchotal Notes—XLITI. By W.L. Distant ...... 411 LVIII. Description of a new Genus and Species of Cerambycide from Natal Boyar. 14, DISTANT). iG es. hs sem he een ee ee eee 423 LIX. Description of a new Species of Cicadide from East Africa, By WV af SSRN cee a a Sat aici ste whee intel ie cals eee ee 425 CONTENTS. Vil Page LX. Four new European Squirrels. By Gerrit $8, MinuEr.... 426 LXI. New Species of African and Indo-Malayan Hesperiide. By Solenel OC. Swine We Me ie ACs ode galclp ayes cheb elie sldade sot 430 LXII. The Significance of the Pattern of the Cubs of Lions (Fe/is leo) and of Pumas (felis concolor). By R. I. Pocock, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Superintendent of the Zoloogical Society’s Gardens. (Plates Pe eet sch. Fase iitids UU GtIC a: » « 1i% apoleiebts pa teleae Hace 436 LXIUI. Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XVII. By T. D. A. Cocmmnris, University of Colorado: fir. sens nycjeqstecsrrsaseee 445 Echinocrinus versus Archeocidaris, by F. A. Bather, British Museum Vint, GGSEA (enn e a note Does ot ne eee aan a 452 NUMBER CxXxX. LXIV. A Revision of the Medusz belonging to the Family Laodiceida. By Epwarp T, Browne, University College, London. 457 LXV. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By Ch) CAUSAL SUI a Epa ic clear Rr icieins yack Wabae Firc ya 480 LXVI. Descriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes discovered by Mr. G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A. BouLENGER, Mg fares oskicd gia deme e SMe TOR He's pack, a cg AMS KO a. ovel = ns 4l qn) Hn 485 LXVII. Descriptions of Three new Fishes from Central Africa. Re eter eee POUNCE EEE intrinis aas'« via'ais's «i a,5 «vied o ves dee snes 487 LXVIII. Description of a new African Snake of the Genus Simo- eennaiue, By G. A. BOULENGER, PRS. yes ko ee cece ee 489 LXIX. Descriptions of new Species of Land and Freshwater Shells from Central and South America. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. 490 LXX. A new Acanthoglossus from the Island of Salawatti. By REAM ESE WELOMMAS oe oietd scores ter s'tiae vite fe Sark vuqem TOk OT cee 498 LXXI. Description of a new Baboon from British East Africa. By is G, Burro, DiSe., BRSIE,, Ben. . leieicnce yess eee eeee 499 LXXII. List of a Collection of small Mammals made by Mr. A. L. Butler in the Bahr-el-Ghazal. By R.C. WrouGuron .......... 500 LXXIII. Descriptions of Five new Species of Heterocera, By MER LRRD ON Llu OoCn caphe'lixa tery + eva Er eM yehnreee stees 505 LXXIV. New African Species of the Genus Chrysops, Meigen, in the British Museum (Natural History). By Ernest E, Austen .. 507 LXXV. Descriptions of Two new Species of Plecotus. By G. E. UH. PAD RM TUE AMILTON yaa actu tina mei ema acne pp cee ss anreceees 520 LXXVI. Description of a new Species of Monkey (Cercopithecus Hamlyni) from the Ituri Forest. By R. I. Pococx, F.L.S., Super- | intendent of the Zoological Society's Gardens ...........00e0005 O21 Vill CONTENTS. © Page LXXVII. A new Flying-Squirrel from Formosa. By OLDFIELD ET OMAB oss ote hls jer faste tfeda ule § a), 000 bce See ne ire 522 % LXXVIII. Notes on Two Species of African Fresh water Sponges. By fey RIK PATRICK, se os Sion 6.9 0 e/d oe tes se Nie ee ee 523 New Books :—Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India (Entomological Series).—Homoptera Andina: Die Zikaden des Kordillerengebietes von Siidamerika nach Systematik und Ver- breitung, von A. Jacosr. I. Cicadide.—Précis des Caractéres génériques des Insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel par le Citoyen Matremlle <2...) 523s Seis tkd a ee eee ee 525, 526 PLATES IN VOL. XX. PraTeE I. Leptolepis valdensis. II. Breviceps macrops. Ill. Bufo anotis. IV. San Domingo Solenodon. V. Hand and foot of Hylobates agilis. VI. Head of porbeagle shark. VII. Ommastrephes sagittatus. VIII. Nereis diversicolor. IX. British Polyzoa. X. Pill-Millipedes. DG 2 ae Freshwater Amphipods. exeTiTile XIV. | South-African spiders. XV. Crustacea from the Channel Islands. XVII. XVIII. Octopus with branching arms. = Lion and puma cubs. XX. 0 THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [SEVENTH SERIES.] eerie csvasyscaeahen per litora spargite museum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.” N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Ecl. 1. No. 115. JULY 1907. I.—New African Saturniide. By the Hon. L. W. Roruscuitp, Ph.D. 1. Epiphora pelosoma, sp. n. Body clay-colour ; upperside of thorax hair-brown ; meta- notum, upperside of last abdominal ring, two thin ventral lateral lines, and a spot on the breast white. Upperside of wings dark hair-brown, slightly pinkish out- side the discal band, yellow at the outer margin; eye-spots as in Antinori, but larger. Fore wing with a white, subbasal, angle-shaped band and a narrow white discal band, the latter being nearly straight from costal margin to middle and then slightly incurved ; apex of wing red. On hind wing a white subbasal and a white discal band, joining each other in front. Underside washed with clay-colour, the disk of both wings densely dusted with white outside the discal band; the latter on hind wing continued along costal margin to base. Length of fore wing 70 mm. Uluguru Mts., German East Africa; one female in the Tring Museum. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 1 2 Hon. L. W. Rothschild on 2. Epiphora rectifascia, sp. n. Body blackish brown; antenna, head, and legs clay- colour; edges of the abdominal segments yellow; metanotum white. Upperside of wings dark hair-brown, the distal margin olive, preceded by yellow spots. Fore wing falcate, a sub- basal band white, forming an angle of 90° ; eye-spot as in mythimnia, but longer; a straight white discal band, sharply defined ; outside the same and along costal margin white dusting. Hind wing with a basal and a discal band, both white and slightly curved; eye-spot large, incurved between the first and second radials; disk outside the band pinkish, as on fore wing, and dusted with white. Length of fore wing 80 mm. Yakusu, Stanley Falls, Congo (J. Z. Roger); one male in the Tring Museum. 3. Imbrasia aethiops, sp. n. Nearest to £. rubrocostalis, Kirby (1892). Upperside of head, thorax, and wings brownish black; abdomen fulvous. Fore wing with a trace of a grey discal line ending close to apex in a small costal patch; ocellus represented by a transparent semicrescent, which is larger than in rubrocostalis, but very much smaller than in Mitfordi, Karby (1892), being thinly edged with fulvous. Costal area of hind wing rosy red from base to middle and backwards as far as anterior edge of cell; ocellus consisting of a deep drab outer ring, followed internally by a black ring which encircles an ochraceous iris, bearing a small transparent pupil; no discal line. Underside paler than upper, outer margin of fore wing and the whole hind wing shaded with grey; on disk of fore wing near margin a straight but indistinct blackish band, the hind wing bearing a likewise blackish shadowy median band and a discal line, the latter reaching costal margin close to angle. . Cameroons; one male in the Tring Museum. 4. Imbrasia cytherea lucida, subsp. n. Smaller than South-African cytherea. Resembling yellow specimens of the same, but the head, collar, metanotum, and breast purer rosy red, the basal half or two thirds of the underside washed with rosy red, the brown bands and the ocelli edged with dark grey-brown, which is usually almost new African Saturniide. 3 of the same colour as the brown discal line, instead of being nearly white as in cytherea, the ocelli almost the same size on fore and hind wing, being much smaller on the hind wing than in cytherea. Langenburg, Lake Nyassa, German East Africa ; a series in the Tring Museum. 5. Imbrasia anthina wanthomma, subsp. n. Ochraceous or red-brown. Fore wing more strongly faleate than in anthina, the discal band nearer the margin, the yellow ocellus without transparent centre, or the transparent spot minute ; the grey submarginal area of the hind wing more extended, being on the underside also less dentate, Gold Coast and Sierra Leone; several males and one female in the Tring Museum; a female from Tafo, Gold Coast, in the British Museum. 6. Imbrasia Gueinzti nyassana, subsp. n. Smaller than Guetnzii, less uniformly yellow; the sub- median band of the fore wing more strongly zigzag, the discal band costally further from the apex, therefore less oblique ; the ocellus smaller, being subtriangular, a distinct but shadowy grey submarginal band. Hind wing more extended rosy red than in Guetnzit, the base of the abdomen being also red. On the underside the area between the discal band of the fore wing and the margin costally wider and posteriorly narrower than in Guecnzit, and the grey marginal band prolonged to costal margin. On the hind wing the distal marginal area posteriorly less widened than in Guetnzi; the transparent spot of both wings smaller and less distinctly edged with yellow. A series in the Tring Museum from Langenburg, Lake Nyassa, German Hast Africa. 7. Imbrasia Wahlbergi rhodina, subsp. n. Body and wings varying from tawny ochraceous to reddish tawny, the ground-colour being much deeper than in Wahi- berg; the costal area of the hind wing above and sometimes nearly the whole underside more or less distinctly flushed with rosy red. Ocellus of fore wing smaller than in Wahlberg?, proximally less strongly rounded than on the outer side, the inkish basal patch smaller, the submedian band less sharply iat and the pinkish-grey submarginal band much less prominent, as is also the case on the hind wing. y 4 Hon. L. W. Rothschild on Kigonsera, N.E. of Lake Nyassa, German Kast Africa ; a small series in the Tring Museum. 8. Aurivillius triramis, sp. n. The first subcostal of fore wing from the cell. Antenna of male much smaller than in A. arata, Westw. (1849), the branches shorter and therefore stiffer, the apical ventral branches of the central segments about as long as the next two segments together, being much shorter than the proximal branches, the dorsal apical branches also shorter than the proximal ones of the same segments. In the female the segments shorter than in arata, the branches, which are longer, being therefore closer together, Smaller than West-African specimens of arata. The pattern almost exactly the same as in yellow individuals of arata. The tuft at the base of the antenna and the sides of the breast more yellowish ; the second discal line of fore wing thinner and more distinctly dentate; the marginal area less marked with brown. Dorsal lobe of anal segment of male narrower than in arata, bearing a dentate crest beneath. Apical lobe of clasper long. Penis-funnel with a black dentate club on each side. Sierra Leone, southward to the Kassai River and Angola. A. arata occurs also in these districts, but is apparently less frequent. 9. Gonimbrasia belina occidentalis, subsp. n. Nearest to G. b. ostris, Druce (1896). Outer margin of fore wing in male more incurved and in female more straight, being usually slightly emarginate. The white scaling along the lines of both wings less dense, this white border to the discal line of fore wing edged by a fuscous or red line. The outer margin of hind wing in male more angulate below centre and the discal line closer to margin; its white border usually disappearing posteriorly. The ocellus of underside of fore wing not edged with fuscous. The anal tergite of male slenderer than in osi7is and the processes of the penis- sheath obtuse. Gambaga, Volta River, Gold Coast Hinterland (Dr. Bury) ; a long series in the Tring Museum. 10. Gonimbrasia melanoneura, sp. n. Nearest to G. acetes, Westw. (1849). Antenna more shortly pectinated, and only 15 segments bearing side- branches, about 16 distal segments being without them. new African Saturniide, 5 Upperside of wings deeper ochraceous than in acetes, the distal marginal area narrower, the discal line, especially on the fore wing, standing nearer the margin; the veins black from middle of fore wing to outer margin ; the marginal area of fore wing shaded with fuscous both above and beneath, except at hind angle. On underside there is an olivaceous black double spot at apex of cell on both wings, the inner spot being large and the outer one small. The clasper (of male) obtuse and the anal tergite flattened, not compressed as in acetes. Wassaw district, Gold Coast; one male in the Tring Museum. Another male, also from the Gold Coast, in the Leeds Museum ; acetes occurring there too. 11. Lobobunea Morlandi, sp. n. As large as L. alinda, Drury (1780). Upperside of body and wings maize-yellow, the distal margin except fringe white in male and fuscous in female. On fore wing a blackish band just outside apex of cell and in female a lunate band on the disk nearer the margin than the cell. Hind wing without bands on upperside in male, there being two bands in female, one from the ocellus to the abdo- minal margin, the other about halfway between cell and outer margin. On underside the discal lunules in female further away from the cell than in alinda and the marginal area in both sexes evenly grey, being without brownish blotches ; the central line of lunules crossing the wing at tip of cell, being continuous with the olivaceous black central patch, these lunules large. Pemba Island, East Africa (Z. Morland) ; one pair in the Tring Museum, 12. Melanocera parva, sp. n. A little over half the size of M. menippe, Westw. (1849). Body not washed with white on underside; head and pro- thorax olivaceous brown, there being no white edge to the collar. Upperside of wings as red as in menippe, hardly at all speckled with brown along the outer margin; eye-spots as in menippe, but the white lines absent from both wings. Underside of fore wing pale red, slightly irrorated with brown before outer margin; an extremely faint trace of a discal line. Hind wing less clouded with brown than in 6 Hon. L. W. Rothschild on menippe, bearing as in that species on disk a straight white line bordered outwardly with brown. Length of fore wing 42 mm. Jlasper bisinuate at apex, the upper angle projecting ; anal tergite with two acute processes. The segments of the antenna longer than broad, the branches longer than in menippe. Caiala, near Bihé, Angola, 12th October, 1904 (Dr. W. J. Ansorge), one male; and another male, also from Bihé: both in the Tring Museum. PARUSTA, gen. nov. g. Antenna cylindrical, flattened at apex, the segments much broader than long, except the last two, each with only one pair of branches, these long and very slender, being short, however, on the last three segments ; the apical ventral edge of the distal segments slightly raised, but not produced into a process as in the case of Usta and Pseudantherea. ‘Tibia normal, without apical thorn-like claws, mid-tibia longer than the first tarsal segment. Neuration similar to that of Tago- ropsts ; fore wing with four subcostals, the first more distal than the fourth, the second very short; first radial and first median at equal distances from the cross-vein ; costal margin of hind wing nearly straight, the second median much more proximal than the subcostal. Nearest to Tagoropsis, differing especially in the structure of the antenna and in neuration. 13. Parusta wanthops, sp. n. Cream-buff ; the head ochraceous ; the antenna deep buff and the abdominal segments brown at the bases and ochra- ceous at the apical edges. Wings dirty white ; on fore wing a patch at base, a broad curved antemedian line continued to base at hind margin, a discal line excurved in centre and there widened to form a patch, partly encircling the ocellus, further an ill-defined marginal band and a portion of the veins brown; the ocellus round, yellow, edged with brownish black. On hind wing a discal and a submarginal band, both ill-defined and nearly parallel to outer margin ; ocellus as on fore wing, but smaller. Underside nearly as upper; discal band of hind wing distinct, widened at the ocellus, submarginal band represented by some ill-defined patches, namely, a costal, a central, and an anal one, the last two being joined together by a faint new African Saturniide. 7 line. The eighth ventral ring of abdomen sinuate, the angles being acuminate. Length of fore wing 27 mm. Mpwapwa, German East Africa; one male in the Tring Museum. 14. Tagoropsis sabulosa, sp. n. Buff, the head and upperside of the legs being brown-red. Wings almost uniformly irrorated with brown-red scales, which give the wings a pinkish-buff appearance. On fore wing the first and second lines thin, placed as in 7. flavinata ; ocellus small, composed of a vitreous dot encircled by a brown-red line ; the discal line curved gently but distinctly towards apex of wing, being costally much more distal than in’ T. flavinata ; apex of wing produced; no submarginal spots, but the reddish scaling slightly condensed at the outer side of the discal line. On hind wing two lines, the first placed as in 7’. flavinata, the second costally excurved, poste- riorly incurved; the anal angle more prominent than in 7. flavinata, the distal margin being less rounded. Underside like upper ; the first line of fore wing absent. The anal tergite black, divided, each lobe compressed. Clasper excised ventrally before apex, the upper lobe pro- jecting, the dorsal edge of clasper biemarginate. Length of fore wing 46 mm. Moshi, Kilimandjaro ; one male in the Tring Museum. 15. Tagoropsis lupina, sp. n. Ochraceous buff; palpus and fore coxe vinaceous rufous ; upperside of legsrosy. Fore wing with three brown-red lines, the first as in 7. flavinata, broken at median vein, the second straight across the ocellus, very slightly dentate on the proximal side; the third line also straight, commencing at costal margin 6 mm. from the apex, meeting the second line at inner margin ; ocellus composed of a round vitreous spot edged with brown-red. On hind wing a broad evenly curved median line and a vestige of an undulate discal line. Underside washed with brown-red except the posterior area of the fore wing; the lines as above, but the first line of the fore wing absent. Length of fore wing 55 mm. Lokolele, Congo; one female in the Tring Museum. 8 Hon. L. W. Rothschild on 16. Pseudaphelia apollinaris barotsina, subsp. n. Like apollinaris, Boisd. (1847), but the discal line absent from the hind wing. Barotseland and west side of Lake Nyassa; several specimens in the Tring Museum. 17. Cyrtogone Ansorgei, sp. n. In colour resembling the male of C. nemia, Westw. (1849). Fore wing shorter and broader, non-falcate, non-dentate, the outer margin slightly incurved. Hind wing red at base only; costal margin longer than in emia, outer margin very faintly dentate. Underside more uniformly irrorated than in nemia; fore wing with trace of a postdiscal line; extreme base of hind wing red; tarsi partly also red. Caiala, near Bihé, Angola, 1st December, 1904 (Dr. W. J. Ansorge) ; one male in the Tring Museum. 18. Cyrtogone bilineata, sp. n. Similar to C. Ansorget, but approaching neméa in the shape of the wings, both wings being more distinctly dentate than in Ansorgei and the fore wing more falcate. Upperside of fore wing with two lines as in Ansorgez, but the discal line more distinct, especially towards costal margin ; between this line and the yellowish-grey blotch which stands at the apex of the cell there is a black shadowy patch ex- tending forward to the costal margin; the outer area more plainly irrorated with blackish brown, as is also the case on the hind wing; the costal area of the latter more extended red. On underside the disk of the fore wing and the outer area of the hind wing lighter in colour than in Ansorgei; the fore wing with a blackish cloud outside the apex of the cell and the discal line ending in a black spot at the costal margin. Female similar to the male, but the wings much broader, the fore wing without a distinct black cloud on the disk, and the upperside of the hind wing as well as the underside of both wings, the distal margin of the fore wing excepted, much paler. There are no white patches, as is the case in C, nemia. Kidugala, German East Africa; one male and two females in the Tring Museum ; a pair from Salisbury, Mashonaland (G. A. K. Marshall), in the British Museum. ; Perhaps a geographical representative of Ansorget. new African Saturniidez. 9 19. Holocera suavis, sp. n. Deeper red-brown than /7/. smilavz, Westw. (1849). Fore wing broader, less produced at apex, the central band posteriorly wider, its grey outer border much less curved, being almost straight from costa to middle; the glass-spot consists of a half-ring, to which is joined in front an angle- or inversed comma-shaped spot. Hind wing broader than in H., smilaz, shorter at abdominal margin, the distal margin slightly convex ; the eye-spot as in the species of Ludia, yellow, with a thin, black-edged, central half-ring and a black outer border; a pinkish-grey submarginal line extends from close to anal angle forward to the eye-spot, encircling the same and running back to the abdominal margin, this last portion being faint ; this line forms the border of a red- brown band as in Luda. On underside the fore wing washed with grey on the disk outside the vitreous spot from the costal to the abdominal margin ; some specks at the costal edge and a thin apical half-ring grey ; outer margin, the cell, and part of costal margin olivaceous walnut-brown; on hind wing the basal costal area, a short costal discal band, and the outer margin the same colour, this costal band continued to hind margin as a very thin line. In female the wings much broader than in the male. Highth abdominal segment (of male) without the apical spines found in /7. smilaa. Larva yellow; the head, prothorax, a ventral lateral stripe, the anus, and on each ring a narrow belt bearing setiferous warts, black, the anterior belts more or less interruped, none of the belts reaching down to the legs. Neguelo, Usambara, German Hast Africa ; several specimens in the Tring Museum ; also in the British Museum from the same place. 20. Ludia goniata, sp. n. Similar to Delegorguet, Boisd. (1847). Fore wing somewhat longer at inner margin, the apex rather more produced, the distal margin dentate, the brown discal area in male wider than in Delegorguet?, its outer edge less curved in front and behind, slightly crenulate. Hind wing anteriorly longer, the wing therefore larger, distal margin dentate and below middle distinctly angulate; the outer edge of the brown discal area also angulate, though slightly. 10 Mr. P. Cameron on [Hymenoptera On underside the marginal area of fore wing in male nearly as deep brown as the disk, with a thin grey submarginal line; in female the whitish submarginal shade of both wings more restricted than in Delegorgue?, and the brown submar- ginal line more irregular, being slightly angulate below middle. Natal and Grahamstown; several males and females in the Tring Museum and the British Museum. 21. Ludia eximia, sp. n. Also closely resembling L. Delegorguet. Body and wings more blackish brown; basal, costal, and outer marginal areas shaded with grey, not clay ; submarginal line on both wings posteriorly a little less close to edge than in Delegorguei, the margin of fore wing densely shaded with blackish above and beneath; costal margin of hind wing longer than in Delegorguez, the wing being less triangular. Ventral lobe of clasper (of male) short and blunt, the apical lobe rounded off, not produced into a thorn-like process. Kampala, Uganda; one male in the Tring Museum. II.—A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental Zoological Region. By P. CAMERON. For the Indian species described in this paper I am indebted to Col. C. T. Bingham; those from Borneo were sent me by Mr. John Hewitt, the Curator of the Sarawak Museum. I have also described a few species taken by Col. Nurse in Baluchistan and Simla. Braconide. LIphiaulae Preyert, sp. n. Black ; the head, antennal scape, thorax, and the four ante- rior legs red, the middle tibiz and tarsi darker coloured ; the wings fuscous, the nervures and stigma black; the head, metathorax, and legs covered densely with longish blackish pubescence, the ovipositor densely with stiff black hair; the first abdominal segment suffused with rufous, the raised central part almost smooth, the middle with a narrow keel down the centre ; the second segment closely but not very strongly striated, the keel narrow, extending to the apex, the base with a small smooth triangular plate; the third is ———— from tie Oriental Zoological Region. 11 striated at the base, and there is a triangular striated part on the sides, the apex extending to the base of the apical fourth ; there is a keel down the middle of the basal three fourths. Temples as long as the top of the eyes, rounded behind, the occiput almost transverse. Face coarsely rugosely punctured. Antennal scape about three times longer than wide, of equal width, hardly as long as the second joint of flagellum, not hollowed below. Parapsidal furrows shallow. Recurrent nervure interstitial; the third abscissa of radius as long as the basal two united. Length 10, terebra 17 mm. Kuching ; March (John Hewitt). In size and form this species resembles JL. trichiothecus, Cam.; the latter may be known by the third and fourth abdominal segments being striated. J. extraneus, Cam., has the same abdominal striation, but isa much larger and stouter species, and may be readily separated by the different form of the abdominal plate, which is much longer, gradually nar- rowed to a point near the middle of the segment. Iphiaulaz ertophorus, sp. n. Black ; the head (except the sides and top of front) and the vertex (except the sides behind, and the hinder central part more narrowly, which are black) dark rufous; the antennal flagellum black; the prothorax bright red; the depression bordering the basal plate of second abdominal segment, its apex broadly in the centre, narrowly on the sides, the centre of the third and fourth segments broadly at the base and apex, more narrowly in the middle, and the greater part of the ventral surface, rufo-testaceous. Median segment and breast thickly covered with white woolly pubescence, that on the latter shorter than on the former. The fore legs and the middle knees broadly rufo-testaceous. Wings hyaline, very iridescent, slightly tinged with fuscous; the costa, stigma, and nervures deep black. 2. Length 7, terebra 7 mm. Kuching ; October (John Hewitt). Abdominal segments to near the apex of the fourth finely closely striated ; the first segment broad at the base, raised, the sides depressed ; the area on the base of second not very clearly defined, striated, narrowed gradually towards the apex, which extends to near the end of the segment; the sur- rounding parts are much more strongly striated; there is a curved furrow on the sides of the third segment and a trans- verse crenulated one on the apex. Face covered with white 12 Mr. P. Cameron on L1ymenoptera pubescence, smooth; the oral region bordered laterally by deep wide furrows. There is a distinct malar space about two thirds as long as the antennal scape. Temples wide, only slightly narrowed behind. Parapsidal furrows narrow, deep, clearly defined, reaching from the base to the apex. The third abscissa of the radius fully as long as the basal two united ; the recurrent nervure received distinctly before the transverse cubital. Iphiaulax cosmiothecus, sp. n. Black ; the head, palpi, mandibles (except at apex), pro- thorax, mesothorax, and metathorax (except the sides of metanotum broadly) red; the fore legs red, darker at the apex. Wings uniformly fuscous violaceous; the second abscissa of radius longer than the third; the legs and sheaths of ovipositor densely covered with stiff black hair; the apex of the sheaths of the ovipositor with a broad band of white hair. On the apical three fourths of the raised part of the first abdominal segment are two stout parallel keels, forming almost a deep furrow; they are united near the base by a weak transverse keel ; on the sides are two keels, the outer (and shorter one) commencing at the base, the other shortly beyond it; the basal half of the bordering furrows is stoutly closely striated ; the second, third, and basal half of fourth segments are closely stoutly striated ; the central keel on the second extends to the apex, it becoming gradually narrowed until it is more than twice longer than it is wide at the base, where it is smooth, the rest being closely longitu- dinally striated; the sides of the segment are smooth, shining, triangular; the central area on the outer side bears two irregular longitudinal keels; the inner sides bear a few irregular transverse ones. ‘Ihe first transverse furrow has the central third stoutly crenulated ; on either side is a large smooth area, longer than wide, the inner side becoming gradually roundly curved from the base to the apex ; there is a somewhat similar but smaller and semicircular area on the sides of the fourth segment. There is a smooth, raised, mitre-shaped space in the centre of the face; the sides are sparsely punctured, the punctures with hairs. The parts bordering the centre of the front are raised. Metanotum covered sparsely with long black hair. ‘l’emples nearly as long as the top of the eyes, rounded, not much narrowed behind. @¢. Body 13, ovipositor 17 mm. This species 1s not unlike J. reticulatus, Cam., which may from the Oriental Zoological Region. 13 be separated from the present by the first abdominal segment being flat, not angled, it having also only a single narrow keel down the centre ; the areaon the base of second segment is an equilateral triangle, small, the fourth segment is striated to the apex, and the raised central part of the face forms a large triangle. The central lobe of mesonotum, too, is flatter, especially at the base. Kuching, Borneo. OpuionIne. Zachresta nigromaculata, sp. n. Yellow, with the following black spots :—the ocelli, a large mark in the centre of occiput gradually obliquely widened below ; a broad line on the basal two thirds of mesonotum in the centre, slightly dilated and rounded at the apex ; a line on the sides, half in front and half behind the tegule, the two united at the scutellum by a transverse line ; two semicircular marks on the base of metanotum; a mark below the tegule, narrow and square above, gradually roundly widened below, where it is transverse ; an oblique mark, rounded at base and apex, on the mesopleure at the apex close to the sternum; a broad band on the narrowed base of postpetiole, a broad one on the middle of second segment, a triangular incision on its base, the apex transverse; the base of the others broadly, with a spot on their sides; and a mark on the middle of the third to fifth ventral segments. Antenne black, the scape yellow below. Legs coloured like the body, a broad mark on the base of the hind coxe below, the basal joint of the hind trochanters (except a narrow stripe in the middle above), a stripe on the outer side of the femora at the base, their base narrowly, and apex and the tarsi (except the basal half of the metatarsus), black. Wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black; the areolet minute, with a long pedicle, receiving the recurrent nervure in the apex; the transverse median nervure received clearly beyond the transverse basal; the radius and cubitus in hind wings very faint; the posterior nervures obsolete. ?. Length 9, terebra 1 mm. Sikkim. Tibie sparsely, the tarsi more thickly spinose ; the calcaria long, about three fourths of the length of metatarsus. Head and thorax closely, somewhat strongly punctured and covered with white pubescence ; the metanotum almost rugosely punctured ; the apical slope with a broad depression in the 14 Mr. P. Cameron on //ymenoptera middle. First abdominal segment nearly as long as the second and third united, the apex distinctly dilated; the following segments are not compressed, distinctly broad compared with those of Campoplex. I refer this species to Zachresta because the spurs, although longer than usual, are still distinctly shorter than the meta- tarsus ; in the allied genus Hehthronomus, Foer., they are described as ‘‘ very long, scarcely shorter’? than it. The only difference between this species and Campoplex of much importance lies in the abdomen not being strongly compressed, the latter genus having also the metanotum longer and more or less areolated. Anomalon Binghamt, sp. n. Black ; the face, clypeus, mandibles, malar space, a broad line on the lower third of the inner orbits, tegulee, and under- side of antennal scape lemon-yellow; the abdomen (except the top of the basal two segments) rufo-ferruginous; the four front legs fulvous, tinged with yellow, their coxe and _ tro- chanters yellow; the hinder legs rufous, the coxa and trochanters black above, the former broadly yellow in the middle below, the apical third of the tibize black ; the apical joints of the tarsi tinged with yellow. Wings hyaline, tinged with fulvous, highly iridescent; the stigma testaceous, the costa and nervures black. <. Length 22 mm. Sikkim. Head covered with white hair; the face strongly punc- tured, the punctures large, clearly separated; the front stoutly obliquely reticulated; the vertex strongly deeply punctured. Mesonotum strongly closely punctured, the punctures running more or less into each other, the apex stoutly transversely striated. Scutellum roughly reticulated, depressed broadly in the centre. Metanotuin much more widely reticulated, slightly broadly depressed in the middle, as are also the metapleure. Propleure stoutly striated, obliquely above, longitudinally below; the upper part distinctly punctured. Mesopleure above longitudinally coarsely reticulated; the apex smooth, bare, below the reticu- lated part, the rest punctured, the punctures clearly separated, each having a black hair. Flagellum of antenne rufo- testaceous, the basal half black above. Allied to : rgihwiieese A. Mandible of Sodpuga Fordi from the inner side. B. Distal half of flagellum of S. Fordi from above. C, Side view of terminal portion of flagellum of S, Fordz. minute. Flagellum dorsally provided with a spined projection on angle, situated at the junction of the dark-coloured anterior part with the distal and paler part. Inner side of flagellum furnished with a smooth ridge (sometimes with a few spines towards the distal end) running from the angular point and “ Zur Lésung der ‘ Muralis-Frage.’” 39 terminating towards the distal end of the flagellum in a spined projection. Distal part of flagellum dilated and squarely truncate, Flagellum inserted above the interval between the two anterior teeth and extending posteriorly to the middle of the mandible; basal lamina moderately elevated (fig. 5). Mazillipalp. Tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus of maxillipalp ventrally provided with numerous cylinder-bristles, those of the metatarsus and tarsus unequal in size and more numerous than those of the tibia. Measurements in mm. Length of tibia of maxillipalp 13°75, of metatarsus and tarsus of maxillipalp 12; breadth of cephalothorax 8. (In another specimen tibia 12, metatarsus and tarsus 11, cephalothorax 6:5.) Hab. Two males of this new form were collected by Captain R. Ford in British East Africa (near Lake Baringo ?), Remarks. The specimens are dry and somewhat shrunken, and therefore the total length cannot be given. ‘The colour also is somewhat faded. ‘Lhe species may be readily distin- guished by the peculiar form of the flagellum. V.—Remarks on Prof. L. von Méhely’s Paper “Zur Lisung der ‘ Muralis-Prage.’” By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S. PuRSUING his studies towards the solution of the Lacerta muralis problem, studies which, it is already perfectly clear, will result in a plethora of ill-defined Jordanian species, the distinguished Hungarian zoologist Prof. von Méhely has recently published a short paper * in which he attempts to prove that the derivation of forms must have taken place in a direction the reverse of that postulated by Kimer ft and since endorsed by most workers at this difficult group, including myself, and to which Dr. Gadow’s recent investigation of the American lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus t has given further support. The numerous variations in the pattern of markings in L. muralis fall roughly under five heads—striated, spotted, reticulated, barred, ocellated. It is evident to any one studying large series that these different types of markings are insensibly connected by every possible gradation §. ‘I'he * Ann. Mus. Hung. y. 1907, p. 84, pl. iii. + Arch. f. Naturg. 1881, p. 375. t Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, i. p. 277. § Eimer has pointed out that the pattern on the posterior part of the body anticipates the evolution of that on the anterior part. This is true 40 Mr. G. A. Boulenger—“ Zur Lésung question is merely to determine which is to be regarded as the most primitive. Ontogeny, in these lizards as well as in their American analogues the Cnemidophor?, indicates the direction, as it is the general rule for new types of markings to be produced in adult males and to be then transmitted to females and young *, and strong evidence, derived from other features, would be needed to convince us that, as now held by Méhely, “striation is not the phyletic initial form, as believed by Eimer, but the phyletic terminal stage.” His opinion rests, in the first place, on the assumption + that L. saxicola and L. chalybdea represent the most primitive forms of wall-lizards, and he now attempts to strengthen his position by arguments which seem to me based on a miscon- ception of the evolution of cranial characters. In my contribution published in 1905 { I expressed my full agreement with Eimer in regarding the striated type of the var. campestris as the most primitive among all the wall-lizards, and I added that ‘‘ we are led to regard the var. campestris as the most ancient form from which the others were derived ; and this, I think, is also supported by the structural cha- racters, which differ less from what we may assume to be the more normal or generalized form of Lacerta before adaptation to climbing petrophilous habits had been reached.” A form with massive convex skull, like the var. campestris, would lead through a number of almost insensible gradations, such as actually exist, to the much flattened skull which has been distinguished by Eimer as the platycephalous type in oppo- sition to the pyramidocephalous. I have never been able to draw a satisfactory distinction between the two types, and I do not quite understand how Prof. v. Méhely manages to group his “ species” according to this character. In the list he gives I notice that L. tiliguerta is regarded by him as pyramidocephalous. In the paper of mine§ to which he refers I have described the head of the true “ Tiliguerta” from Sardinia as “ rather strongly depressed, the occiput quite flat or even slightly concave”; it 1s certainly as a rule more of the markings on the tail. In primitive striated forms, such as Z. agilis, L. taurica, L. campestris, the tail is frequently more or less striated or “ maculato-striata,’ whilst in extreme reticulated forms, such as ZL, oay- cephala, L. sardoa, L. nigriventris, it is more or less distinctly barred. Reproduced tails, if bearing any markings, are always longitudinally striped. # This is clearly shown in the vars. campestris and serpa. We cannot imagine the reverse. + Ann. Mus. Hung. ui. 1904, p. 376. t Trans. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1905, p. 588. § L.c. p. 409, pl. xxviii. fig. 7. der ‘ Muralis-Frage.’” 41 platycephalous than that of the typical Z. muralis, which falls in the platycephalous group of Méhely. Besides, the works of Eimer and of Bedriaga show, in several instances, that these authors have been unable to correctly appreciate the character to which, in my opinion, they have attached too great importance *., Yet, when we compare extreme forms, such as var. cam- pestris or fiumana, on the one hand, and var. Bedriage t or sardoa on the other, the difference in the two types of heads stands out very strikingly. Weare not much the wiser when the skulls have been prepared, as the characters pointed out by Prof. v. Méhely are, for the most part, correlative of the degree of elongation or depression of the head, which can be appreciated without injuring the specimens. It must be borne in mind that skulls of lizards cannot be extracted as we do in the case of mammals. Preparing the skull means the partial destruction of the specimen, and in a discussion of this kind, dealing mainly with individual variations, annectant examples cannot always be sacrificed. Prof. v. Méhely has given us figures of two extreme types of skulls, but I could easily lay outa series that would to such an extent bridge over the differences as to show of how little practical value they are for the definition of species. A discovery of Prof. v. Méhely’s is the incomplete ossification of the supraocular region in the most pronounced platycephalous wall-lizards. But even here he is obliged to make this restriction—that in some, in the var. Bedriage, for instance, the fontanelle in the supraocular bony plates is ‘nicht immer vorhanden” in adult males. ‘The character is therefore not of so great importance after all. What surprises me most is to find that Prof. v. Méhely is not at all aware of the individual variations which occur in the skulls of the forms which he classifies as “rein platy- cephal” and “ rein pyramidocephal.”” Thus he attaches a * For instance, in the vars. z¢griventris, serpa, and quadrilineata, some specimens have been referred by Bedriaga to the pyramidocephalous group (L. muralis neapolitana, Bedr.) and others of the same race to the Eee (L. muralis fusca, Bedr.), Eimer regards the Maltese izard as platycephalous and its Filfola derivative as pyramidocephalous, a distinction which is not borne out by the material at my disposal. Werner has also fallen into the same pit, in describing examples of the same form (Z. muralis littoralis, Werner) under the two groups (vars. lissana and fiumana). I myself do not blush at confessing similar errors, due, perhaps, more to the nature of things than to any want of ‘ Scharf- blick ” on my part. + Prof. v. Méhely ealls this lizard Z. reticulata, Bedr. But this name is otherwise employed in the genus Lacerta (LZ. muralis reticulata, Schreiber, Eimer). 42 Mr. G. A. Boulenger—% Zur Lésung great importance to the size and position of the true supra- orbital bone, and yet a skull of an adult male of the var. Bedriage which I have prepared for the purpose of verifying his statements has the supraorbital bone entirely concealed under the first osteodermal supraocular and the first supra- ciliary, and this bone is rather smaller than in a male of the var. teliguerta from Cagliari. It is clear to me that Prof. v. Méhely is not familiar with the skull of the true Z. téliguerta, which, as stated above, he regards as_ pyramido- cephalous. The sketch here given of the bony plates of the supraocular region, care- fully prepared for me by Mr. E. Degen from an adult male from Cagliari, shows that the ossification of that region may in indi- vidual cases be incomplete; and I should add that the nasal apertures may be nearly as large asin L. Bedriage, also that ossifi- cations are altogether absent from the temporal region. I have already pointed out *, and still believe, that the var. ttliguerta constitutes in a certain sense a link between the var. Brueggemanni on the one hand, and the vars. Bedriage and sardoa on the other. Mr. Degen has also found the supraocular region incom- pletely ossified in male specimens of the vars. Lilfordi and Jiumana. Prof. v. Méhely thinks a study of the cranial characters affords a key to the solution of the Z. muralis problem from the point of view of the phylogeny. He starts from the assumption that the more feeble development of the osteo- dermal plates of the head indicates a lower stage of evolution, and as the ultra-platycephalous forms of wall-lizards belong more to the reticulate type of pattern, whilst the striated lizards (with six light streaks) are pyramidocephalous, he declares “so ist es klar, dass die Lingsstreifung nicht die phyletische Ausgangsform kennzeichnet, wie Eimer annahm, sondern gerade die phyletische Endstufe anzeigt.”’ I wish to give here my reasons for differing from this view. In most groups of lower vertebrates, in which we have some indication of orthogenetic derivation of forms, we find that a massive skull degenerates into a more feebly ossified one so far as the “root ”’ is concerned. Among Silurid fishes we have a beautiful example in the series Clarias—Allabenchelys Supraocular region of L, tiliguerta. * L.c. p. 404. der ‘ Muralis- Frage.’ ” 43 — Clariallabes— Gymnallabes—Channallabes, in which we witness the gradual disappearance of the plates which roof over the sides of the skull, concurrently with the eel-like elongation of the body, the reduction of the caudal fin, and the reduction and ultimate suppression of the paired fins—a most suggestive series, the direction of which is unmistakable. Again, in the Characinid fishes, as pointed out by Sagemehl, the more primitive types, with large toothed maxillary bone, have amassive skull, the fontanelles appearing together with the reduction of the maxillary bone. The same story is told, in a somewhat different way, by Chelonians (Chelydra— Staurotypus, Emys—Cistudo, &c.). In Lizards, also, when we have to deal with an unmistakable orthogenetic series, the drift of which is open to no question, as in Chalcides, for instance, the more generalized type has a more convex skull, better protected by osteodermal plates. But there is another point which is of great importance, and which Prof. v. Meéhely does not appear to have considered. The Lacerte with massive skulls, from which I would assume the platy- cephalous lizards to have been derived, have teeth on the palate (pterygoid bones). These teeth are nearly constantly present in Lacerta taurica and constantly absent in the forms of L. muralis with supraocular fontanelles mentioned by Prof. v. Méhely. Now, the only cases in which I have found teeth on the palate in LZ. muralis have been in examples of the pyramidocephalous vars. campestris and serpa*, a fact which, in my opinion, goes a long way to support the view of Eimer as to the general drift of evolution in this group of lizards. Much as I value the careful investigation of neglected Soe of structure, whether external or osteological, to which rof. Méhely is devoting himself, I cannot help regretting the too frequent appeals he makes to phylogeny in order to give importance to characters which, from a strictly syste- matic point of view, must be regarded as trivial and had better be omitted from specific diagnoses. I have pointed out on various occasions Tf that some of the lepidosis characters on * T have looked for these teeth in a large number of examples of the typical form without ever succeeding in finding any. Siebenrock (Sitzb. Akad. Wien, ciii. i. 1894, p. 254) must therefore, in all probability, have had skulls of some other form before him when he wrote that six or seven pterygoid teeth are present in Z. muradis. As his specimens are stated to be from Dalmatia, it is most likely that they belong to one of those pyramidocephalous forms which were grouped by Bedriaga under L. muralis neapolitana. + Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, ii. p. 833; Nov. Zool. xii, 1905, p. 75; Trans. Zool. Soc. xvii, 1905, p. 351. 44 Mr. G. A. Boulenger—“ Zur Lésung which he lays stress hopelessly break down when put to the test of large series from more extensive areas than it is the custom for faunists to deal with. An interesting example of the danger of hasty generalizations of this kind has just come under my notice. As I mentioned in describing the typical form of Lacerta muralis*, one of the two specimens (topotypes) from near Vienna, received from my ever-obliging friend Dr. Werner, proved to be highly aberrant in several respects. The parietal shields were abnormally divided by a transverse cleft. On recently enquiring from Dr. Werner as to whether he had other examples from the same locality (Véslau, near Baden, Lower Austria), I was greatly surprised to hear that an examination of his material had satisfied him that this division, instead of being anomalous or accidental, is the rule in Lower Austria. Among his specimens from Médling, Baden, Véslau, Reichenau, and Miesenbach, not one is without at least an indication of it, whilst he cannot find such a thing in any of his other specimens from various parts of Europe. In order to further confirm this observation, Dr. Werner has made excursions to Baden and Véslau, whence he sent me six living examples, all showing a complete or incomplete cleft across the parietal shields. Therefore this anomaly, which very seldom occurs in other parts of the very exten- sive habitat of the wall-lizard, although it is frequent in the viviparous lizard t, appears to have become fixed in a small district near Vienna. KE. Martin{ mentions the case of the inhabitants of a small secluded village in France, neatly all of whom, at the end of the eighteenth century, had an extra digit to both hands and feet; gradually, however, as intercourse with neighbouring communities became frequent, the deformity was wiped out. Some years ago, when reporting his interesting discovery of Lacerta praticola in a valley near Herkulesbad in Transyl- vania §, Prof. v. Méhely pointed out the frequent presence of an accessory shield between the interparietal and the occipital, observed in 48 specimens out of 78; and as it so happened that the unique specimen on which the species was estab- lished by Eversmann offered the same anomaly, which occurs * Trans. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1905, p. 354, pl. xxv. fie. 4. + In which it may be transmitted to the offspring, as shown by a female from the dunes near Ostend, which produced four young in captivity (Aug. 4-7), all showing the same anomaly. { Histoire des Monstres, 1880. Quoted from Delage, L’Hérédité, p. 194. § Math. Naturw. Ber. Ungarn, xii, 1894, p. 255, and Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 474. der ‘ Muralis-Frage.’”’ 45 occasionally in many other species of lizards, he was led to regard it as “ ein ausgesprocheness Merkmal der Art [Z. prati- cola], das mit der Zeit wohl eine vollkommene Bestiindigkeit erlangen wird, besonders da drei Schildchen hiufiger bei den Weibchen, zweie aber bei den Minnchen auftreten und bei Lacertiden bekanntermaassen die weiblichen Charactere viel allgemeiner auf die Nachkommenschaft vererbt werden ” *. Now the case of the Z. praticola from the valley near Herkulesbad is analogous with that of the L. muralis near Vienna, for in other parts of the habitat of the former species the intercalated shield is only exceptional, as pointed out by Kessler and by Bedriagat, not being found in any of the fifteen specimens from Caucasia examined by them ; it is absent in the three specimens from Sukum Kaleh, Caucasia, and in six out of the nine from the Comana Forest, Roumania f, preserved in the British Museum. And yet Prof. v. Méhely included this character of the three azygous shields between the parietals among the points which, in his opinion, militate in favour of regarding L. praticola as more nearly related to LL. muralis (“besonders die auch bei L. muralis hiiufige Querteilung des Interparietale ”) than to L. vivipara §. Needless to say, the intercalation of a shield between the interparietal and the occipital (or division of the interparietal) occurs occasionally also in L. vivipara. I have before me specimens presenting such an anomaly from Falmouth, Brussels, ‘T'alomitza Valley and Brosteni, Roumania, and Moscow. It should also be mentioned that a few (two to four) granules may be present between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries in ZL. vivipara, whilst, on the other hand, these granules may be reduced to three or four in L. praticola. Great is no doubt the interest attaching to the record of such individual deviations from the normal condition, great is also the danger of introducing them in the diagnosis of species. I seize this opportunity to point out that the genus Apathya, recently proposed by Méhely || for Lacerta cappa- docica, Werner, does not seem separable from Latastia, Bedriaga. Iam indebted to Dr. Werner for a specimen of Latastia cappadocica, and Dr. J. Roux has shown me another (labelled as from Mesopotamia). ‘lhe structure of the digits * T am not aware of any evidence in support of this statement. + Zool. Anz, 1895, p. 261. t I am here at variance with Kiritezeu, Bull. Soc. Sc. Bucarest, x. 1901, p. 318, but he does not state how many examples he has examined. § A view which has since been abandoned (cf. Ann. Mus. Hung. ii. 1904, pp. 875 & 377). || Termész, Késlén., Budapest, Ixxxy. 1907, p. 2 46 Ona new Engystomatid Frog from Namaqualand. is similar to that of ZL. longicaudata, so is the shape of the posteriorly narrowed frontal shield, with truncate antero- lateral angles, and the coloration, as described and figured by Werner, is highly suggestive of some examples of that species. The three shields behind the nostril (“ postnasals ” of Werner) cannot be regarded as a generic character, especially in view of the well-known variability of these shields in the type species of the genus Lacerta. Nor can generic importance be ascribed to the scaling of the lower eyelid if we bear in mind the modifications which it undergoes within the limits of the genera Lacerta and EHremias. VI.— Description of a new Engystomatid Frog of the Genus Breviceps from Namaqualand. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S. [Plate IT.] Breviceps macrops. (PI. II.) Head comparatively larger and body less gibbose than in B, gibbosus and allies, eyes much larger, their diameter 63 to 8 times in the length of head and body ; interorbital space narrow, barely half the width of the upper eyelid. Digits shorter and thicker than in the other species of the genus ; first and second fingers equal, twice as long as the fourth, a little shorter than the third, which is not longer than the eye; toes extremely short, increasing in length from the rudimentary first to the fourth, which is not longer than the third finger, the fifth as long as the second; subarticular tubercles very small, very feebly prominent under the fingers, Lower aspect of hand and foot. absent under the toes; two large, feebly prominent metatarsal tubercles, the inner longer than its distance from the extre- mity of the first toe. Body with small smooth warts above, limbs and lower parts smooth. Pale sand-colour above, with On new Reptilia from Mashonaland. 47 dark brown spots or marblings; a broad dark angular or curved band from one eyelid to the other across the back of the head anda narrow straight dark streak across the forehead, between the anterior borders of the upper eyelids ; upper lip, limbs, and lower parts white. mm. BranmipSHoOle COPY ONbs «4 alas c erst he ae ears a 48 RACHA ees Boy. ha Oe Bad a asecion cele 13 AS Yate al nea) eal Cy: Ve Lee ee Se ee lyf THRONE, OF, OVO 1s asi Wiad gna om «1 db. oe 6 Tntererbital widile "0. 2.05 os. ee 24 Wiidiint mouti. et siects Steed « doko i. 12 ETS TT ys REED ees rotors ere GS oot Us Oke 22 TUT ce eapieee cacao ar dF Re gy ne Se iis 10 Leto LM Wat olf ghey apenas ue see Redes Ca ease a 30 LEgoyol i ac es A ae a ae See in ER Oe 2 13 I am indebted to my friend Mr. L. Péringuey, Director of the South African Museum, for three specimens of this most distinct new species, one of which he has kindly presented to the British Museum. Mr. Péringuey, who has been able to keep them alive for some time, writes to me that they spend the whole day buried in damp sand. At night the pupil, which contracts to a narrow horizontal slit, expands over nearly the whole eye. Like B. gibbosus, this frog, when teased, or merely touched, inflates its body tremendously and utters shrill screams—a habit which seems to be frequent among burrowing batrachians whatever their affinities. Unlike B. gibbosus, B. macrops does not cover itself with a viscous secretion when alarmed. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL. Breviceps macrops, adult and half-grown. VII.—Descriptions of a new Toad and a new Amphishenid Jrom Mashonaland. By G. A. BouLenaer, F.R.S. (Plate III.] In November last I had the pleasure of drawing attention in these ‘ Annals’ to the Chirinda Forest in 8.E. Mashonaland, where Mr. Guy H. K. Marshall had discovered a new chameleon of the genus Rhampholeon. I remarked that its reptile and batrachian fauna, when explored, was likely to afford further startling additions to South-African herpetology. 48 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on A small collection, including examples of only two species, was since made there by Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton, and has been presented by him to the British Museum. The following descriptions show that there was some foundation for my optimism. Bufo anotis. (PI. III.) Crown without bony ridges; head as long as broad ; snout pointed, projecting beyond the mouth, with strong canthus ; loreal region nearly vertical, concave ; interorbital space flat, a little broader than the upper eyelid; no tympanum, no eustachian tubes. Fingers short, blunt, with strong double subarticular tubercles, first and second equal ; toes short, one- third webbed, the web covered with coarse granules ; sub- articular tubercles under the fourth toe double and very prominent ; two round, subconical, metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the posterior border of the eye. Upper and lower parts covered with small smooth warts; parotoid glands very large, moderately promi- nent but well detined, only a little longer than broad, extending on the sides to the base of the arm. Upper parts brown and sides of head and body blackish, or entirely blackish above ; linbs, if light-coloured, with blackish cross-bars; lower parts bright gamboge-yellow, the breast speckled with black. Male without vocal sac. From snout to vent 40 mm. ‘Three male specimens, in nuptial dress, from small holes containing water at the foot of large trees. This remarkable new toad agrees with B. Preuss’, Matschie, and B. tattanus, Peters, in the absence of a tympanum. It is readily distinguished from the former by the warty integu- ment and the distinct parotoid glands, from the latter by the more pointed snout with less oblique lores and the much larger parotoids extending down the sides. CHIRINDIA, gen. nov. Distinguished from Amphisbena by the absence of an ocular shield, the eye being situated under the posterior part of a large shield (nasal + labial + prefrontal + ocular) covering each side of the snout, and by the absence of preanal pores. Teeth very small. Chirindia Swynnertoni. A small triangular rostral, a pair of large shields covering ;he snout, a pair of small frontals in contact with a large new Reptilia from Mushonaland. 49 shield extending to the oral border, a pair of postfrontals and a pair of parietals, both broader than long, and four small square shields between them and the oral border; four lower labials, first very large and forming a short suture with its fellow behind the point of the elongate symphysial. 246 annuli on the body and 24 on the tail; in the middle of the body an annulus contains 24 segments, 12 above and 12 below the lateral lines; dorsal and lateral segments a little longer than broad, the two median ventrals about twice as broad as long. Lateral line moderately distinct. Anal segments scarcely enlarged. Lind of tail rounded. Flesh- coloured, tinged with purplish. Chirindia Swynnertoni. Total length 135 mm.; diameter of body 3; length of tail 14. A single specimen of this remarkable Amphisbenid worm- like lizard was obtained. In the fusion of the ocular with the large paired shield which covers the whole of the snout, in addition to the small azygous rostral, Chirindia resembles Placogaster, Blgr., the unique species of which inhabits Senegambia ; but it is at once distinguished from that genus by the paired ventral shields and the absence of prieanal pores. Chirindia is certainly, with Placogaster, the most remarkable type of Amphisbeenid discovered within the last twenty-five years. Ann. &: Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. i 50 On a new Cichlid Fish. VIII.— Description of a new Cichlid Fish from Portuguese East Africa. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S. A SMALL series of fishes obtained by Mr. C. M. F. Swynnerton in the Idunda River, a limestone-stream flowing into the lower Buzi River, in Portuguese Gazaland (altitude about 100 feet), and presented by him to the British Museum, consists of examples of Barbus decipiens, Blgr., Tilapia shirana, Blgv., T. melanopleura, A. Dum., and a new species of Tilapia, here described. Tilapia Swynnertont. Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout obtuse, with straight or convex profile, as long as the eye, which a little exceeds interorbital width and is contained 31 times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond ; maxillary exposed at the end; lips rather thick; 3 series of tricuspid teeth and an outer series of rather large bicuspid teeth (40 to 42 in the upper jaw), the cusps subequal and very obtuse ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek; large scales on the opercle. Gill-rakers short, 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9-103 spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly half length of head; longest soft rays 2 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral barely ? length of head, not extending to origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal rounded. Scales ctenoid, 29-31 7 ; lateral lines —e Dark olive-brown, with ill-defined black cross- bars ; a black vertical bar below the anterior half of the eye and a black opercular spot; fins grey; male with two or three round yellow spots on the anal. Total length 95 mm. Described from three specimens. This species bears a great resemblance to H wplochromis Moffatt, Casteln. (Chromis philander, M. Weber), but differs in the dentition and in the larger eye. 1X.—Descriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes discovered by Mr. G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A. BouLenGER, F.R.S. Synodontis Butesit. Depth of body 83 to 43 times in the total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose On Three new Freshwater Fishes. 51 above; snout obtusely pointed, as long as postocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, its diameter 4 to 5} in length of head, 12 to 24 times in interorbital width; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth not half diameter of eye, 30 to 40 in number; maxillary barbel not distinctly margined, extending about to middle of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels with obtuse or tubercular branches, outer at least twice as long as inner and % to % length of head. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, not or but slightly longer than broad, the posterior processes rounded. Humeral process rugose, acutely pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Skin without villosities. Dorsal 17; spine nearly as long as head, striated, strongly serrated in front, with a few very feeble serree behind. Adipose dorsal rather small, not longer than its distance from the rayed dorsal. Anal III 8-9. Pectoral strongly serrated on outer side, still more strongly on inner. Caudal fin deeply notched, crescentic. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Brown, blotched and marbled with darker, with three broad irregular dark bands, the first below the dorsal fin, the second below the adipose, the third in front of the caudal fin; tins whitish, with round black spots. Total length 90 mm. Several specimens from the Ja River. The smallest species of the genus. The first specimens received were thought by me to be young S. obesus, Blgr., a species which has not yet been discovered in Cameroon. Clarias longior. Depth of body 8 to 9 times in total length, length of head 5 to5$ times. Head extremely depressed, once and } as long as broad, smooth; occipital process very short, pointed ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, about 3 times as long as broad ; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 24 times in length of snout, 5 or 54 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 4 length of head; band of preemaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a curved band which is as broad as the preemaxillary band; nasal barbel 2 to ? length of head, maxillary once and } to once and 4, outer mandibular once, inner mandibular 3 to 2, Gill-rakers very few, 12 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 80, its distance from occipital process 3 to % length of es 52 Mr. E. S. Russell on head, its distance from the caudal equal to diameter of eye. Anal 70-73, nearly reaching the caudal. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, the spine smooth and about 2 the length of the fin. Ventral once and 2 to once and 3 as distant from base of caudal and from end of snout. Caudal 2 length of head. Dark brown above, whitish beneath. Total length 225 mm. One specimen from the Kribi River and one from the Lobi River, Eleotris kribensis. Body cylindrical or a little compressed, its depth 4 to 5 times in total length; length of head 3 to 33 times in total length. Head broader than deep, naked; snout broad, rounded, as long as or a little longer than the eye, the diameter of which is 4 to 43 times in length of head and equal to ora little less than interorbital width ; lower jaw projecting ; maxillary extending to below anterior third or centre of eye; no canine teeth; no preopercular spine. Dorsals VI, I 8-9, well separated from each other, longest rays not longer than head. Anal I 7, opposite to second dorsal. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, a little longer than ventral. Caudal rounded, alittle shorter than head. Caudal peduncle once and 4 to once and 2 as long as deep. Scales smooth on the nape, strongly ciliated on the body, 32 to 35 in a longitudinal series, 12 between origin of dorsal and anal. Yellowish to brown, dotted with darker, with or without five or six ill-defined dark cross-bands; a blackish bar at the root of the caudal fin; fins brown or blackish and white-edged in males, whitish with blackish spots in females, Total length 50 mm. Numerous specimens from the Kribi River. X.— The Atractylis coccinea of T, S. Wright. By E. 8. Russexz, M.A. Tuis hydroid was described by Wright (Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vill. (1861) p. 180) in the following words :— Atractylis coccinea, N. Sp. “ Polypidom creeping, widely reticulate. Polyp fusiform, set at an obtuse angle to its stalk, rich crimson or pink, with eight alternating tentacles, four long and four short.” re the Atractylis coccinea of T. S. Wright. 53 No gonophores were found. Hincks (‘ Hydroid Zoophytes,’ 1868) provisionally transferred the species to the genus Perigonimus. Allman does not mention it at all, and I have not been able to find any subsequent record of it. In 1905 I obtained near Millport Marine Biological Station numerous specimens of what is almost certainly the Atractylis coccinea of Wright. They differ from Wright’s specimens in having twelve equal tentacles, but they all have the hydranth set at an obtuse angle with the stalk, a very characteristic point. The species was not figured by Wright, and his description was in some respects incomplete. I therefore give here a detailed description of my specimens and a figure. The species must be assigned to the genus Wrightia, Allman (1872). The genus Afractylis, Wright (1859), contained forms which are now distributed among the genera Bougainvillia, Perigonimus, and Wrightia. Hincks’s genus Atractylis is synonymous with Allman’s Wrightia, but the name Wrightia is to be preferred, since Afractylis is the long-established name of a genus of plants. Wrightia, when constituted by Allman, contained one species, Wrightia arenosa (Atractylis arenosa, Alder, Suppl. Catalogue, p. 7, pl. x. figs. 5-7), and the diagnosis of the genus contained some of the specific characteristics of Wrightia arenosa (Alder), namely, the funnel-shaped stems, the retractile hydranth, and the position of the gonophores on the hydrocaulus. I propose the following definition of the genus, which is in all essentials the same as Allman’s definition, but leaves out any reference to the purely specific characters of either of the two species which the genus contains, arenosa (Alder) and coccinea (Wright). WRIGHTIA. Atractylis (in part.), Wright, Edin. New Phil. Journ. ix. p. 106 (1859). Atractylis, Hincks (1868). Wrightia, Allman (1872). Hydrocaulus erect, unbranched, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Perisare expanding above to form a protective sheath which clothes the hydranth up to the base of the tentacles. Reproduction by fixed sporosacs, which are partially or wholly invested by a chitinous envelope. Wrightia coccinea (Wright). Atractylis coccinea, Wright (1861). Perigonimus (?) coccineus, Hincks (1868). 54 On the Atractylis coccinea of T. &. Wright. Trophosome.—The hydrocaulus consists of a number of short stems 1} inch in length (slender, somewhat contorted, unbranched, or with small offshoot bearing a hydranth), which arise at short intervals from a creeping and anastomosing hydrorhiza, which resembles the stems. The hydranth makes an obtuse angle with the stem. It is closely in- vested up to the roots of the tentacles by a hydrothecal ex- pansion of the perisarc, but is not retractile into it. The tentacles are 10-12 in number, short and straight, disposed in a single verticil round the bluntly conical hypostome. The perisare is straw-coioured, and is wrinkled transversely where it expands to cover the hydranth. The colour of the hydranth is pink, turning to white at the tip of the hypo- stome. The tentacles are translucent white ; the cceno- sare pink to scarlet. Gonosome.—T he gonophores aresporosacs. ‘They are globu- lar and arise from the hydro- rhiza, to which they are at- tached by a slender pedicel. They are invested by a chitinous covering which is aes ; continuous with the perisare. Viiira Teta onerneae There is a short blunt spadix, in the outer layer of which the gametes are matured. The gonophore resembles in structure that of Garveza nutans, as figured by Allman (‘Gymnoblastic Hydroids,’ i. p: 44). The colour of the gonophore is translucent white; the spadix is brick-red ; the gametes pink. Wrightia coccinea was taken by Wright at Inch Garvie, Firth of Forth, on the roots of Laminaria saccharina, and by the writer at Hunterston Perch, near Fairlie, Firth of Clyde, in 12 fath., on Tubularia, and in Castle Bay, Little Cumbrae, in 15-20 fath., also on Tubularia. It is common where it On the Generic Position of Benson’s Helix hyba. 55 does occur. I obtained my specimens in May and June, and they bore numerous gonophores. In studying Wrightia and the allied genera one cannot help noticing their resemblance to Calyptoblasts. The family Bougainvilliide, to which they belong, is practically alone among Gymnoblastea in possessing a single verticil of filiform tentacles surrounding a conical hypostome. All the Calypto- blasts have this conical hypostome and single verticil of filiform tentacles. Further, many of the genera of Bougain- villiidee have quite a distinct protective cup for the hydranth, resembling greatly the hydrotheca of the Calyptoblast. Indeed, were it not for the fact that these genera are classified with the Gymnoblastea, their protective cups would receive the name of hydrothece. These facts point to the conclusion that a close relationship exists between the family Bougainvilliidz and the suborder Calyptoblastea. The Bougainvilliide, perhaps, form a transition-stage between the suborders Gymnoblastea and Calyptoblastea. XI.—On the Generic Position of Benson’s Helix hyba and the Similarity of its Anatomy to that of Khasiella vidua, W. T. Blanford. By Lt.-Colonel H. H. GoDwWIN-AUSTEN, F.R.S. Ke. EVER since the discovery of this species about 1860 it has been impossible to locate it in any Indian genus without considerable doubt. It is apparently very rare. I have never come across it in the field, and I do not think it is to be found in many collections. I am informed by Mr. 8. F. Harmer, of the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, that two specimens (Benson’s types) are in the MacAndrew collection. Fortunately I have recently discovered two specimens among some other species preserved in spirit by Mr. W. Theobald, marked “Chamba,” a small State in the N.W. Himalaya, 8.E. of Kashmir Territory. The one from which the subjoined description was taken was in a very good state of preservation. All we knew with any certainty was that it belonged to the Zonitide, Mr. Theobald having noted the presence of the mucous gland at the extre- mity of the foot at the time of capture. Mr. Benson described the shell in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. vii. (Feb. 1861), in his usual excellent way, and goes on to say :— 56 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on the “This interesting form, discovered in the mountains near the Bari Do-ab by J. Doyle Smithe, Esq., F.G.S., of Madhopore, and kindly communicated to me by his brother, the Rev. Fred. Smithe, of Churchdown, approaches more nearly to the Nilgherry H. Guerint, Pfr., than to any Hima- layan species. It is notable for its shorter vaulted spire, sharp keel, rather open umbilicus, and sculpture. In one imperfect specimen, with a higher and more rounded hive-shaped spire, the keel of the penultimate whorl overhangs the anterior part of the last whorl.” We now know that H. Guerin, Pfr., is a Thysanota in a very distinct family of Land-Mollusca. The overhanging of the keel of the whorl I note in these shells, and it produces the appearance of a thread running with thesuture. Theobald records the finding of a large variety of this species at “ Aijas” (“ Ajjas’”’ on the map of Kashmir, 2 m.=1 inch), in the hills east of the Walar Lake, Kashmir, measuring 171x162x10mm. This shell appears to have been lost. ‘The specimen Benson described measured: diam. major 14mm., minor 13, axis 7; the one I now figure: 12 x 115 x 4 respectively. On removing the shell the visceral sac is pale-coloured, sparsely and finely spotted with black on the line of the rectum. The foot is short and very narrow, indistinctly divided, dark grey ; a distinct mucous gland overhung by a blunt lobe, peripodial grooves, and a well-marked fringed margin to the foot. There is a small but distinct and serrated right shell-lobe, which would spread further in life ; the left is a marginal band on the edge of the peristome. The genera- tive organs were of great interest as they were unfolded. ‘The amatorial organ is of the usual form; the penis retractor muscle given cff trom a distinetly coiled ceecum at the head of the main penis-sheath. There is a long epiphallus thence to the junction of the vas deferens, with a long kale-sac adjacent im which a spermatophore had been developing. The spermatheca is very long, gradually enlarging to the distal end, and contained three spermatophores; these are of the type I have desciibed in various species of Macrochlamys, Austenia, &c. ‘The flume had no large spines, but very minute ones could be detected on the edges of it. This being a single specimen, which I have mounted in glycerine-jelly, I did not like to destroy the sac of the spermatheca to get a spermatophore out entire. In separating out the lengthened genitalia of a close-wound shell such as this is, it is not easy to do so without occasionally something breaking away. The oviduct is peculiar, very straight up to the albumen-gland, am.or Fig. 1.—Khasiella hyba, Bs.; shell. x 48. Fig. 2.—Side view of mantle-edge from right side, showing the obscure right shell-lobe, foot, &e. x 8. Fig. 3.—Genitalia. x 4:5. Figs. 3a, 36.—The penis, as seen from two opposite sides, to show the coiled cecum and position of the retractor muscle attachment, the kale-sac or flagellum, &e. x 8 Fig. 3¢c.—A portion of same organ more enlarged, slightly pressed between two glass slips and viewed by transmitted light, to show the close-coiled ceecum.; the dark portion is part of a spermato- phore. x 12. Fig. 3d.—Terminal end and distal end of an organ not located in the genitalia and with which it may have no connexion. x 12. Fig.4.—Jaw. x 24. Fig. 5.—Central tooth and three admedian teeth of the radula. x 368. Fig. 5a.—Kighth to eleventh admedian and sixteenth to eighteenth lateral teeth. ep. Epiphallus. pr. Prostate. k. Kale-sac or flagellum. rsl. Right shell-lobe. vd. Vas deferens. Ff. Foot. cee, Ceecum, vs. Visceral sac. p. Penis. ov. Oviduct, rmp. Retractor muscle of penis. amor, Amatorial organ, 58 On the Generic Position of Benson’s Helix hyba, so was the line of the prostate; but lying nearly parallel to this I observed a long narrow ribbon—no doubt a duct—lying on the surface of the jelly-like oviduct, of a hard nature and ochraceous in colour, clearly pointed and with a fine retractor muscle, while floating free among the parts of the genitalia was a similar-sized duct with a swollen open end, where it had evidently broken away. ‘This may be an accessory gland of some kind given off from the free oviduct or base of the spermatheca. It might very easily have been set down as a spermatophore, but fortunately in this case the spermatophore of this species is before me, and narrows its possible function and connexion with the genitalia considerably. We must wait for more material to clear up this point. The second specimen, the shell of which is here figured (p. 57), I do not like to destroy, as the species would appear to be so rare. The jaw is strong and solid, slightly arched into a central projection. The radula has the formula 13.2 Zia wl Or 2 od 20 eal 20: The teeth are of the usual form in so many genera of the Zonitid, the laterals being bicuspid, with the outer cusp below the inner, becoming very small on the margin. On comparing these anatomical details with those of other Indian species, I find there is a remarkable similarity to those of the genus Ahasiella (Godwin-Austen, Moll. Ind. vol. ii. p. 129, pl. c. figs. 1-5 d@) as seen in the type species vidua, W. TT. Blanf. ‘There is (1) the same small obscure right shell-lobe ; (2) same form of foot and mucous gland; (8) the jaw and radula are precisely alike; (4) the generative organs differ in no appreciable way, merely that the short free caecum retractoris penis of v7dua becomes a close-wound coil in hyba, and is thus similar to the same part in Macrochlamys indica. It is extremely interesting to find such close resemblance in the anatomy of two land-molluscs with such very distinct forms of shell as presented in hyba and indica; differing so widely, conchologically they would take their place in separate genera. The shells of vidua and hyba also present at first sight considerable differences, but the variation becomes less apparent when fyba is compared with the sharply keeled species of Khasiella, such as climacterica, Bens., and Austeni, W. T. Bianf. I think I am right in considering 7. hyba by its anatomy to Descriptions and Records of Bees. 59 belong to the genus Khasiella, with these shell-characters :— Openly umbilicated ; sharply keeled ; spire very conoid, with sides and apex very convex. Nore, Godalming, 5th June, 1907. XII.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XV. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado. Triepeolus Nore, sp. n. 9? .—Length about 84 mm. Black, with the usual markings only slightly yellowish ; hair on middle of face pure white; legs clear red, spurs of middle and hind legs black ; no red colour on thorax; tegule apricot-colour; scutellum low, obscurely bilobed, the lateral teeth black and short. Clypeus shining, with many very minute punctures and a few large ones; mandibies red except at base and apex; labrum black, a little reddish at sides; first three antennal joints and base of fourth ferruginous; sides of vertex with large well-separated punctures on a shining ground ; mesothorax exceedingly densely punctured, the two median stripes of hair short, not attaining the ante- rior margin; pleura hairy in fiont and with a large transverse patch of hair ; lower part of pleura densely punctured, but at one place a little of the shining surface shows ; dark trans- verse mark on first abdominal segment essentially as in T. occidentalis, but the posterior band interrupted; segments 2 to 4 with even entire bands, that on 2 with lateral processes directed forwards so as to make with the band an angle of about 45°; sides of fifth segment with white tomentum ; last ventral segment normal. In nearly all respects exactly like a small edition of T. occidentalis, but the hair of the abdomen is less yellow, the pygidial patch is narrower, and the scutellar teeth are less developed. In size and general appearance it closely resembles 7’. callopus, Ckll. ‘lhe colour of the spurs will readily separate it from 7. Hopkinst. Hab. Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at flowers of Spheralcea lobata, Wooton, May 16 (Jdss Nora Newberry). Triepeolus remigatus (Fabr.). Mesilla, New Mexico, June 30 (Cockerell). This is the true remigatus, as defined by Cresson and 60 Mr, IT. D, A. Cockerell—Descriptions and Robertson, and is new to New Mexico. The species has a wide range eastward. Mr. N. Banks sends me specimens from Glenearlyn, Virginia, July 26, and Falls Church, Virginia, Aug. 7, 2 at flowers of Hupatorium linearifolium. Triepeolus agaricifer, sp. n. dé .—Length 9 mm. or rather more. Black, with the markings orange-buff, all the abdominal bands of the same colour ; legs red, the coxe and trochanters black, anterior femora black above except at apex, middle femora mainly black above and beneath, hind femora black, with a broad red stripe above; hind tibie with a large black patch behind ; spurs red. Middle of mandibles red; labrum black; hair of face orange; antenne black, the third joint with a large red mark in front; vertex very coarsely punc- tured; mesothorax very coarsely punctured, with two very distinct stripes which reach the anterior margin, which latter has no light border; markings of thorax as usual ; tegulze and most of tubercles red; scutellum entirely black, strongly bigibbous, with short but very distinct lateral teeth; lower part of pleura showing a black (but not entirely nude) area, which is densely and coarsely punctured. Wings with the apical margin broadly dark fuliginous; stigmared; nervures fuscous; second s.m. much narrowed above. Abdomen broad, with all the bands broad and perfectly entire, except the basal one on the first segment, which is rather broadly interrupted ; black median mark on first segment transversely fusiform, with obliquely truncate sides, much shorter than in T. helianthi, but not triangular as in ’. lunatus; band on second segment with a broad low prominence on each side in front, but no projection forming an angle; apical plate black, narrow. Looks at first sight like a small 7. lunatus, but easily separated by the characters italicized. Hab. Beulah, New Mexico, August (Cockerell). The name agaricifer is derived from the black mark on the first abdominal segment, which, when the insect is seen from the front, looks like an agaric. Epeolus argyreus, sp. n. g .—Length about 8} mm. Black, but largely covered with the usual pubescence, which on the abdomen is pale cinereous with a yellowish tint, on the thorax above the same, but on the face and pleura (both of which are entirely and densely covered) brilliant Records of Bees. 61 silvery white. Eyes pale green. Antennze brown-black, the third joint partly red. Mesothorax covered with appressed hair, except a somewhat U-shaped patch posteriorly ; area of metathorax nude, surrounded by dense hair on all sides ; tegule very hairy, piceous, with reddish margins. Wings hyaline; in the type the upper half of the second t.-c. is wanting on both sides. Legs black, with silvery hair, that on inner side of basitarsi golden ; small joints of tarsi ferru- ginous ; spurs of middle and hind legs black ; first abdominal segment covered with light hair, except a slender transverse band, which is only moderately long and is ill-defined at the ends; all the light bands entire and broad, that on second segment greatly enlarging laterally, but the enlargement forming with the band a very obtuse angle; erect fringe on fourth and fifth ventral segments fuscous. Hab. North Yakima, Washington State, Aug. 4, 1903 (Eldred Jenne). E/peolus bihamatus, sp. n. d-—Size, colour, and general appearance agreeing with E. argyreus, with the same silvery hair covering the pleura, though not quite so densely, and also on the face, though failing below, so as to leave the lower part of the very minutely and densely punctured clypeus visible. The black spurs also are the same, and the hyaline wings. ‘The following differ- ences are important :—Mandibles with more red; margin of labrum red ; face less narrowed below ; third antennal joint longer ; flagellum ferruginous beneath except at base ; meso- thorax less hairy, leaving a large anchor-shaped black area very densely punctured, its stem reaching the anterior margin ; tegulee piceous basally, red in the middle, and with hyaline margin ; area of metathorax almost entirely covered with hair; marginal cell less slender; second t.-c. complete ; knees, femora, and tibize red; transverse band on first abdo- minal segment large and clean-cut ; band on second segment with a large hook-like process on each side ; erect fringe on fourth and fifth ventral segments white. Hab. North Yakima, Washington State, June 26, 1903 (Eldred Jenne). This species and the last are very distinct by the general appearance and hairy pleura, together with the black spurs, from the other American members of the genus. The following three species of Trvepeolus superficially resemble 7’. dunatus and helianthi, and were confused with 62 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and those species until critically examined. A table is offered to facilitate their separation :— Females. Black mark on first abdominal segment distinctly triangular, the lateral corners pointed ...... lunatus, Say. Black mark on first abdominal segment a trans- WETSe Wan) Be Rhee eee eee te hen ils UPA LerIOr emMOrn TEM se eiel sec pulp aoe ate elnteG iste segregatus (Ckll.). Anterior femora black, or black with ared stripe. 2. 2. Pleura hairy all over, though more thinly below. Townsendi, Cll. Lower part of pleura bare..... podbean aaron helianthi, Rob. Males. All, or nearly all, of the abdominal bands narrowly DIGGEEUPICG) Ciociisvia sneer eines oie sublunatus, CkIl. The bands beyond the first segment all, or nearly all entiweyy wwe cece ett Copec eit mei 1s 1. Larger; anterior femora black; pleura hairy all DYER hea bbs Cees eee eCCEE ree Frasere (Ckll.). Smaller; anterior femora red and black, or red.. 2. 2. Pleura haity ellioversep ee steerer ince Townsend, Ckll. Lower part of pleura bare or little hairy ...... seyregatus (Ckll.). Triepeolus sublunatus, sp. n. (Cressonii, Rob., race ?). g .—Length 11 mm. With a relatively long and narrow, cylindrical abdomen. Hair of face distinctly yellowish. Labrum, basal part of mandibles, and first three joints of antenne red ; the two stripes on mesothorax very clear and distinct ; no band along anterior border of mesothorax, or patches of hair in the ante- rior corners; tegule bright ferruginous. Wings dusky; lower part of pleura with a bare, very densely punctured patch. Legs red, the anterior femora black, with the apex and the lower edge red ; middle and hind femora with much black in front; spurs of middle and hind legs black ; trans- verse band on first abdominal segment with broad anterior and posterior projections, the latter dividing the apical light band ; all the abdominal bands practically of the same colour. By the colour of the tegule this species 1s like 7’ occidentalis, Cresson, but it differs from that by the dark femora and inter- rupted abdominal bands. In Robertson’s table(Canad. Entom., Oct. 1903) it runs to Z. Cressonii, Rob., and agrees with the diagnosis there given, except as to the pleura. According to Robertson, Cressonit as found in Illinois is exceeding variable, and it may be that sublunatus represents a geographical form Records of Bees. 63 of it*. In our insect the scutellum and tubercles show no red whatever, and the teeth at the sides of the former are very little developed. The second abdominal segment has the band hooked at the sides in one specimen, but the hook- like projection is wanting in the other, which is certainly conspecific. The marking of the mesothorax is very different from that of Frasere, which I described as a subspecies of Cressoni. Hab. Dripping Spring, Organ Mts., New Mexico, Aug. 10 (C. H. T. Towiisend). ‘Two males. Triepeolus segregatus (Ckll.). g.—Length about 10 mm. Compact; labrum black and mandibles with little red; clypeus very densely punctured ; hair of face silver-white. Antenne black, or scape with a red spot in front, and third segment and base of fourth red; the two stripes of meso- thorax very distinct; no pale anterior border; scutellum entirely black, the lateral teeth pointed but not long; pleura with a nude patch below, on which are scattered strong punctures on a shining ground; femora entirely red, or with suffused dusky patches. ? .—Scutellum entirely black ; the abdominal bands beyond the first segment entire, or that on the second inclined to be interrupted. The female ascribed to segregatus in the original descrip- tion probably represents a distinct species, or at least variety. I was misled by it into thinking the present insect distinct from segregatus, but I cannot see that the males are anything but true segregatus, and the females taken at the same time and place certainly belong with them. ‘The insect is related to T. pectoralis, Rob., but the black band on the first abdo- minal segment is not so long, the tegule are differently coloured, and there are other differences. The spurs are brown, not black. Hab. Dripping Spring, Organ Mts., Aug. 10, 2 ¢,2 2 (C. H. T. Townsend). Triepeolus Townsendi, sp. n. In size, colour, and markings just like the J. segregatus from the Organ Mts., but differing as follows :— * However, EF. Cressonii was based primarily on the mercatus of Cresson (1878), and Cresson’s full description appears to indicate an insect specifically distinct from sublunatus, Virgina is to be taken as the type locality. ‘ 64 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and 3d .—The two stripes of mesothorax broader, broadly reaching anterior margin, and more or less connected with large patches of pale hair which occupy the anterior lateral corners ; pleura densely covered with hair ; teeth at sides of scutellum somewhat longer and appreciably curved inwards ; spurs of middle and hind legs black; black band on first abdominal segment longer, rounded instead of obliquely truncate laterally, and without an anterior projection breaking the basal pale band; angles formed by lateral processes of band of second segment less acute; apical plate rounded. The antennz and labrum are entirely black, and there is no red about the thorax. ? .—Antenne black ; anterior lateral corners of mesothorax with pale patches ; teeth at sides of scutellum smaller; pleura hairy, the lower part densely punctured. Wings hardly so dark; spurs black; apical pale band of first abdominal segment more broadly interrupted, but basal band not interrupted. Hab. Rio Ruidoso, New Mexico, about 6700 ft., at flowers of Erigeron macranthus, July 27, & (C. H. T. Townsend) ; Rociada, New Mexico, Aug. 8, 2 (Cockerell). ISEPEOLUS, gen. nov. $ .—Similar in appearance and markings to Hpeolus, but differing as follows :—Third antennal joint very long, longer than the scape; apical half of galea slender and elongated ; labial palpi very long (the last two joints minute as usual) ; axillar teeth present but rounded, blunt ; b. n. falling tar short of t.-m.; submarginal cells subequal, but the third the largest ; the second large, square, a little shorter below than first or third, receiving first r. n. near its end; third s.m. receiving second r. n. near its end; outer side of third s.m. strongly bulging; marginal cell with its apex obliquely truncate, the tip away from the costa, the part of the lower edge joining the s.m. cells a trifle shorter than the part beyond; apex of abdomen rounded, without a projecting plate, the upper surface of it covered with fine hair. The maxillary palpi appear to be quite as in Hpeolus. Claws bifid; a very long pulvillus, as long as the claws, with a black apical disk. For years 1 have had this insect marked “ Leiopodus?” ; but having seen the type of Lecopodus in the British Museum, it is evident that Jsepeolus is very distinct by the oval abdo- men, large but not especially peculiar hind coxe, second s.m. a little narrower below than first, &c. Records of Bees. 65 Isepeolus albopictus, sp. n. 3 .—Length about 83 mm. Black, with markings of white tomentum like those of Epeolus; mandibles rather feebly bidentate, dark reddish except at base; labrum black; face covered with white hair, but clypeus nearly all bare, dull and roughened with very minute punctures ; apex of scape, and the following three joints entirely, red; the remaining part of the flagellum, which is stout, red beneath; mesothorax dull, with minute close punctures, anteriorly with two triangles of black hair surrounded by white, the anterior lateral corners also covered with white hair; tubercles red ; upper part of pleura covered with white hair, lower part bare, densely punctured; scutel- lum bigibbous, red, with black hair at sides; postscutellum red, with white hair; metathorax black, the area bare; tegule reddish. Wings clear, the apical field with dusky stains; stigma well developed, red; nervures dark fuscous. Knees, anterior and middle tibiae, apex and base of hind tibie, and all the tarsi red ; anterior tarsi long and slender; anterior and middle tibize marked with two bars of white on the outer side, hind tibiae with a broad bar or patch on apical half; hind femora swollen ; spurs ferruginous ; first abdominal segment with white hair at base, a spot at each side, and a pair of semicircular marks on hind margin; second segment with a broadly interrupted band on hind margin, its proximal ends subclavate, its upper lateral margin with a very large bifid process or extension ; third segment ornamented like second, except that the band is obsolete in the subdorsal region, leaving the proximal ends as spots; fourth segment with a pair of spots; fifth with two transverse hammer-shaped imarks; sixth four-spotted; apex red; venter dark brown, with some white hair-spots. Hub. Carcarana, Argentina; received from Mr. J. C. Crawford. Collected, I believe, by Professor L. Bruner. I believe there are other specimens in the U.S. National Museum. GRONOCERAS, gen. nov. Large bees allied to Megachile, with the nesting-habits (cf. G. combusta) of Chalicodoma: male with flagellum exca- vated beneath, like a trough ; abdomen with two long spines at apex; anterior cox with very long spines ; anterior tarsi pallid, broadened and flattened ; claws bitid at apex : female with mandibles 2- to 4-dentate ; scopa red or red and black ; claws simple. ‘lhe maxillary palpi are bristly. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 5 66 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and The general build resembles that of Chalicodoma, but the structure of the apex of the abdomen and of the male antenne is quite different. Type, G. Wellmant, sp. n. Also including G. combusta (Megachile combusta, Sm.), G. guineensis (Apis guineensis, Fabr.), @. tricolor (Megachile tricolor, Friese), and G. stuppea (Megachile stuppea, Vachal). Gronoceras Wellmani, sp. n. @? .—Length 17-19 mm. Black, including legs and antenne, the hind margins of the abdominal segments ferruginous ; hair of head, thorax, and legs black or brown-black, of abdomen bright fox-red, above and below, but largely black or dark fuscous on the first segment above; mandibles long, with two apical teeth, the rest of the cutting-edge toothless ; clypeus normal, strongly punctured, the punctures well separated in the middle ; meso- thorax densely punctured and dull; tegule densely punctured, black, with dark ferruginous margin. Wings subhyaline, strongly yellowish. Very nearly agreeing with G. combusta, but the wings are not nearly so dark. g —Length 16-19 mm. Like the female, except in the sexual characters mentioned in the generic diagnosis, but the hair of the first abdominal segment is red like that of the others (in combusta g it is black); the hair of the face is light yellowish or yellowish white, with black hairs intermixed; the cheeks below have a fringe of long white hairs; the anterior tibiz are more or less pale apically, with a little elevated keel in front; first basitarsus broad and flat, a sort of pale honey-colour, with a raised ferruginous keel or line along the outer anterior edge, short white hair on the outer surface, except basally and more or less anteriorly, where there are fuscous bristles, a fringe of dense short black hair on the anterior interior edge, and a long fringe of ferruginous-tipped hairs behind; second joint of anterior tarsus dark reddish or yellow, the remaining joints black, except that the tip of the last is red ; extreme apex of middle tibia red; bases of claws red; red hind margins of abdominal segments very broad ; venter of abdo- men mainly red; apex of abdomen with some long dark hairs, and two long, straight, red-tipped spines, mesad of each (and springing from the same base) is a short incon- spicuous spine; a red spine, easily overlooked, on each side of penultimate segment; anterior coxal spines long and Records of Bees. 67 straight, reddish above. The second specimen, manifestly conspecific, has at the apex of the abdomen a pair of short black spines on one side and a single one on the other; it is asymmetrical and evidently abnormal. This male is also very like G. combusta, but separated by the much paler wings, red hair on first abdominal segment, form of apical teeth, &e. Hab. Portuguese West Africa, long. E. 15° 05/, lat. S. 12° 44’, alt. 1360 metres, at flowering mint, Aolanthus sp., Dec. 1906 (middle of rainy season) ; two of each sex collected by Dr. F. Creighton Wellman. Gronoceras benguellensis, sp. n. ? .—Length about 164 mm. Black, including legs and antenne ; hair of head, thorax, and legs brown-black, except that there is a little pallid hair about the bases of the antenne, and the hair of the thorax above is dark coffee-colour on the mesothorax, becoming bright fox-red on hind part of scutellum and upper part of metathorax ; the hair of the first two abdominal segments above is bright fox-red, but on the others black, the hind margins of the segments narrowly whitish ; ventral scopa red in the middle and black at the sides, but entirely black on the last two segments. Wings dusky hyaline, the apex clouded ; hind spurs red ; mandibles 4-dentate, the third tooth trun- cate, the fourth very small. 6 .—Length about 13 mm. Hair of face yellowish white, of cheeks below white, of vertex and occiput brown-black, of thorax and abdomen brown-black, without red; whitish at sides of abdomen beneath ; apex of abdomen with a large stiff tuft or brush of long black hairs ; abdomen above practically bare, the hind margins of the segments dark reddish; clypeus densely punctured, with a narrow shining median raised line ; middle of mandibles with a large tubercle beneath (in Wed/mani with a similar process, but hardly so large); labrum broadly rounded at apex; anterior tarsi formed in general as in Wellmani, but the apical joints are red, not black, and the basitarsus is greyish, with no anterior ferruginous line, but with a broad cream-coloured stripe down the anterior margin, and continued on to the second joint; the fringe of hair on the inner anterior edge is pale reddish instead of black, and the long posterior fringe extends as far as the penultimate joint, and is fuscous for its upper half, ferruginous with a white base for its lower, 7. e. from the last quarter of the 5* 68 Mr. A. H. Verrill on the basitarsus on ; anterior coxal spines well developed ; spines at apex of abdomen long and straight, without any inner pair; the short sublateral spines are black. Hab. Same locality and date as G. Wellmani; taken by Dr. Wellman at flowers of Composites, one of each sex. Megachile caricina, sp. n. ? — Length about 103 mm. Black, with broad head and broad shovel-shaped abdomen ; hair of face pale yellowish, of cheeks white, of occiput pale, but about ocelli short and black; antennz entirely black ; mandibles 4-dentate; clypeus normal, strongly punctured, with a smooth, shining, discal area; hair of thorax white at sides and beneath, above black, with some whitish on meso- thorax in front and in mesothoracico-scutellar suture ; meso- thorax and scutellum very densely punctured; tegule black. Wings strongly dusky. Hair of legs white, pale reddish on inner side of tarsi; hind basitarsus very broad and flat; claws simple ; ablomen punctured, not strongly or closely, and without bands; apical segments above with coarse black bristles ; scopa bright orange-red, but white basally and black on last segment. 3g .—Size about the same, as also general appearance. Face densely covered with yellowish-white hair, a few dark hairs on each side near upper part of clypeus; black hairs on vertex ; antenne black ; anterior tarsi quite simple ; anterior cox with rather short but stout spines; metathorax and first abdominal segment with copious white hair; apex with a strong transverse keel, which is broadly emarginate but not serrate ; no subapical ventral teeth; claws bifid at end. This belongs to Megachile, s. str., as defined by Friese and Robertson. In its general appearance it is much like the American MM. mendica, Cresson. Hab. Same locality and date as Gronoceras Wellmant ; 2 6,1 2, taken by Dr. Wellman, the males marked “ on flowering sedges, side of stream,” the female “on sedges.” XI11.—WNotes on the Habits and External Characters of the Solenodon of San Domingo (Solenodon paradoxus). By A. Hyatt VERRILL *. [Plate IV.]} ALTHOUGH Solenodon paradoxus of San Domingo and Haiti was discovered and imperfectly described as early as 1839, * Reprinted from the Amer. Journ. Sci. for June 1907. From an advance proof communicated by the Author. — A Solenodon of San Domingo. 69 several years before the Cuban species (Solenodon cubanus) was known to science, it is still practically unknown to recent zoologists. The published descriptions of this rare and inter- esting mammal are vague and unsatisfactory. For many years it has been commonly considered extinct, and when, in Decem- ber 1906, I undertook a collecting-trip to San Domingo with the avowed intention of obtaining the Solenodon, prominent zoologists stated that the quest was hopeless, one of them saying that I would be as likely to secure specimens of ghosts as of Solenodon paradoxus. During the five months spent on the island I devoted a great deal of time hunting for the Solenodon and in inter- viewing natives from the remote and little-known parts of the island. I soon found that the animal was well known to the natives in certain isolated localities, but that over the greater portion of the Republic it was absolutely unknown. This is readily accounted for by the presence of the mon- goose in most parts of the country, and it is only a question of time when this pest will overrun the entire island and the Solenodon will become actually exterminated. The natives have several names for the Solenodon, calling it “ Orso,” “ Milqui,” Homigero,” and “ Juron,” while the English-speaking negroes from the British West Indies know it as ‘Ground Hog.” The name “Juron” (ferret) jis also applied to the mongoose, and for some time I was misled by this confusion of the two animals. In its habits the Solenodon resembles a hog, rooting in the earth and cultivated grounds, tearing rotten logs and trees to pieces with its powerful front claws, and feeding on ants, grubs, insects, vegetables, reptiles, and fruit, and at times proving destructive to poultry. On several occasions it has been known to enter the houses in search of roaches and other vermin, and has been captured in rat-traps. It is strictly nocturnal, and spends the day in caves, holes in the coral-limestone rocks and in hollow trees and logs. It is a slow, stupid creature. It 1s unable to run rapidly, but shambles along with the zigzag sidewise motions of a planti- grade. It is doubtless owing to this that it obtained the native name of ‘ Orso” (bear). Its long snout and stout front feet, with their curved claws, and its thick short neck prove impediments to forward progress, According to the natives, it is incapable of running straight. They also claim that when pursued it frequently trips itself and tumbles heels over head. When hunted with dogs, it thrusts its head into the nearest hole or shelter, and allows itself to be captured without resistance. 70 Mr. O. Thomas ou The only specimen that I obtained was a female, which was captured alive and uninjured. A few days after its capture it gave birth to three naked young. These the mother promptly devoured, and she died three days later. This specimen (see Pl. IV.), as preserved in formol, is 14 inches in length, exclusive of the tail, which measures about 13 inches in length. The body and head are covered with sparse coarse hair, which is reddish ferruginous from the eyes to the shoulders and dusky brown on the rest of the body. The hair becomes very thin and scattered on the hind- quarters, which for some distance on the back and sides are naked, roughly corrugated, and warty, with a sparse, short, woolly growth between the excrescences. The legs, snout, and eyelids are naked, and, with the bare skin of the rump, are pinkish white. ‘The ears are short, thin, rounded, and are bluish grey with light edges. The heavy rat-like tail is dark brown and naked. ‘The claws are horn-colour. The front feet and claws are large, heavy, and mole-like, and well adapted to digging and tearing asunder rotten wood &ce. They are much smaller in proportion than in the Cuban species, however. ‘The snout is also more flexible than in 8. cubunus, trom which it also differs in the naked skin of the rump, the colour, size, and other characters. XIV.—On Three new Mammals from British New Guinea. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. In a further consignment of small mammals presented to the National Museum by Mr. C. A. W. Monckton, Resident in Northern British Guinea, there are examples of the two following new Rodents, one of them forming a new and most striking genus allied to Hydromys, but even more highly specialized for an aquatic life. The collection also contains specimens referable to Macro- glossus australis, Pseudochirus corinne and Forbest, and Phalanger carmelite, all being valuable acquisitions to the Museum. In determining the last-named animal, a new Phalanger allied to it has been noticed and is now described. It was obtained by Mr. A. Meek. Crossomys, gen. nov. (Hydromyinz). A highly specialized aquatic form. Fur thick, soft, and new Mammals from British New Guinea. 71 very woolly. ar-conches practically aborted, a mere rudi- ment, 1-2 mm. in length, being all that is left of them. Whiskers not so thick or long as in the allied forms. Fingers free, toes rather more broadly webbed than in Hydromys ; claws, both fore and hind, small, delicate, strongly curved ; hind feet broad, more twisted than in. Hydromys, those of Parahydromys * being less so; sole-pads broad and smooth, a large part of the elongate hallucal pad visible in an upper view of the foot. Tail provided with a strongly marked swimming-fringe below, formed of hairs about 8 mm. in length, the fringe bifureating into two lateral ridges on the proximal inch of the short-haired part of the tail. Skull with a proportionally short slender face and very large, smoothly rounded, broad and low brain-case. ‘The distance from the supraorbital foramina to the occiput is therefore greater instead of less than that to the tip of the muzzle. Nasal and interorbital region slightly built, not broadly swollen as in Parahydromys. Cranial ridges practically absent. Interparietal sutures almost obsolete in the type, which is an old specimen. Structure of ante- orbita! and palatal foramina as in Hydromys, the latter not so far forward as in Parahydromys. Bulle very small, in correlation with the abortion of the external ear-conches. Dentition as in Hydromys. Upper incisors narrow, con- siderably bevelled laterally. Molars small in proportion to the size of the animal; in structure like those of //ydromys except that the laminze are more directly transverse and the middle lamina of m! is scarcely broadened internally. Type Crossomys Moncktont. This beautiful animal forms a most striking new genus, and Mr. Monckton is to be congratulated on its discovery. In specialization for an aquatic life it far surpasses [ydromys, as indicated by its woolly fur, aborted ear-conches, twisted hind feet, and fringed tail, in which last character it re- sembles the European water-shrew (Neomys, long known as Crossopus). Indeed in the accumulation of these characters it stands at the head of all rodents, for while ber has an even more specialized tail and the same fur and feet, it has 1etained its ear-conches. Perhaps the nearest analogue to * Described as Limnomys, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. p. 825 (1906). This name being preoccupied (Mearns, 1905) the genus was given (Zool. Anz. xxx, p. 326, 1906) the clumsy name of Parahydromys by Poche, to whom a perusal of page 14 line 10 of the Stricklandian Code of Nomenclature (1863) is to be recommended. My own substituted name of Drosomys (P. Biol. Soc. Wash, xix. p. 199, 1906) was a few months later in date, 72 Mr. O. Thomas ox Crossomys, both in structure and habits, is Anotomys, from the torrents of the high Andes, which has altogether lost its ear-conches, has equally aquatic fur and feet, but in which the tail, although longer-haired below, has not such a specialized swimming-fringe. The structural modifications of the Beaver are of so different a nature as hardly to come into the comparison. Crossomys Moncktont, sp. n. Size considerably less than in Hydromys. Fur soft and glossy, the comparatively sparse longer fur of the back about 18 mm. in length, the wool-fur very thick, soft, and close, about 10-11 mm. in length, resembling that of Hiber. General colour above grey (grey no. 6), washed on the back with pale yellowish olivaceous, the longer hairs with black tips and isabella subterminal rings; the wool-hairs silvery white or greyish white for seven-eighths their length, their tips black. Under surface silvery white, the line of demarcation well-marked, high up on the sides, the hairs white to their bases or very faintly greyer below the tips. A narrow line down front side of arms like back, the remainder white; upper surface of hands pale brown, tlie fingers naked. eet practically naked, the few minute hairs glossy white. ‘Tail grey throughout on the short-haired part, the swimming-fringe white. Skull and teeth as described above. Dimensions of the type (measured in the skin) :— Head and body 205 mm. ; tail 220; hind foot (wet) 48. Skull: greatest length 40°5 ; basilar length 31:5; zygo- matic breadth 22-2; nasals 114 x 5; interorbital breadth 5:8 ; breadth of brain-case 19°7 ; height of brain-case from basion 12; palatilar length 17°38; diastema 10°8; palatine foramina 5; length of upper tooth-row 5°3, of m? 4:2. Hab. Serigina, Brown River, N.E. British New Guinea. Altitude “ not less than 4500 ft.” Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 7.5. 22.3. Original number 36. Collected 12th October, 1906, and presented by C. A. W. Monckton, Esq. “Tris dark brown. Caught while swimming down a rapid creek.”’—C, A. W. M. Uromys anak, sp. n. A very large species with a wholly black tail. Size largest ot the genus. Fur harsh; longer hairs of back 28-51 mm. in length, underfur about 20 mm. General new Mammals from British New Guinea. tS colour coarsely mixed grey-brown, becoming bistre on tlie middle back and rufous or burnt-umber on the rump. When first appearing the hairs of the fore-back at least are really grey, that is ringed with black and white, but owing to the bleaching of the black to brown, and of the white to buffy white, the general tone soon approaches bistre. Under surface mixed brown and whitish, without sharp line of demarcation, most of the hairs brown with whitish tips, but a certain number along the median area white to their bases. Muzzle and chin dark brown. Ears short, naked. Arms grizzled brown, like body, the inner aspect rather lighter ; upper surface of hands reddish brown. Hind legs dark rufous, becoming browner on the metatarsals; toes naked, except for the few brown hairs at the roots of the claws. Tail long, of the usual Uromys structure, wholly black, except for the short basal furry portion, which is deep reddish. Skull large and heavy, but otherwise as in the other members of this group. The molar series markedly longer than in any other species. Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :— Head and body 310 mm.; tail 400 ; hind foot (wet) 69 ; ear (wet) 24. Skull: palatilar length 38°5; nasals 27 x 8°6 ; interorbital breadth 10°3; diastema 23°5; palatine foramina 7:3 ; upper molar series (crowns) 14:2, Hab. Ifogi, Brown River, N.E. British New Guinea. Altitude ‘f not less than 4000 ft.” Type. Old male. B.M. no. 7.5.22. 2. Original number 27. Collected 2nd October, 1906, and presented by C. A. W. Monckton, Esq. “Tris dark brown. Native name ‘ Felek.’” A ground animal, living in burrows, though occasionally found in the hollow of a leaning tree.”—C. A. W. M. Under the names of Uromys validus*, Hapalotis papuanus fT, and Mus barbutus t, three members of this group of the genus have been described from South-eastern New Guinea, though it is possible that all of these names, or either two of them, may be synonymous with each other. I have examined the types of the first and third, and find that their upper molar series measure 11°3 and 11 mm. respectively, and each of these has the terminal portion of the tail yellow. The case of “Hapalotis papuanus”’ is not so clear, for nothing * Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genov. xvi. p. 703 (1881). + Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. viii. p. 18 (1883). ¢ Milne-[dwards, Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 167. 74 On new Mammals from British New Guinea. is said as to the colour of the tail, and the skull and tooth- measurements are quite inconsistent with each other. How- ever, both upper and lower tooth-seriesaresaid to be “0°49 in.” (=12°5 mm.), and if this be taken as correct the size of the animal wonld be little larger than in U. validus, and con- siderably smaller than in U. anak. 2 oy Phalanger sericeus, sp. n. A dark brown species like Ph. carmelite, the fur very long and silky. Size and general characters as in Ph. carmelite, to which the specimen had been hitherto referred. Fur very much longer than in that species (hairs of back about 38 mm. in length instead of 27 or 28), exceedingly soft and silky, quite unlike the rather coarse close fur of the allied species. Colour essentially as in carmelit@, chocolate-brown above and pure sharply defined white below, but the brown above is darker and more glossy, resulting from the comparative silkiness of the hairs. The median dorsal area blacker than the sides, but no defined stripe perceptible. A patch of paler brown just above the base of the tail. Ears very small, thickly clothed internally as well as externally with short brown hairs. Tail with the proportions of the hairy and naked portions about as in Ph. carmelite, but the proximal part of the latter is smoother and less shagreened. Skull and teeth very much as in PA. carmelite, except that the secators, both above and below, are less developed, their apical ridge, which has three or four distinct crenulations in carmelite, reduced above to an indistinctly bifid point, and below to an undivided one. Molars rather narrower than in carmelite.. Coronoid process of lower jaw rather higher and less slanted backwards than in the allied species. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body 455 mm.; tail 810; naked part of tail above 170 ; hind foot (s. u.) 57. Skull: basal length 75; greatest breadth 51; greatest diameter of upper secator 4:3; combined length of three anterior molariform teeth 16°. Hab. Owgarra, Angabunga River (near the Aroa River), S.E. New Guinea. Altitude 6000’. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 5. 11. 28. 23. Collected 30th October, 1904, by Mr. A. Meek. One specimen. This Phalanger was placed on arrival with Ph. carmelite, but the further material since received from Messrs. Monckton and Meek shows the Angabunga specimen to. represent quite a distinct form. a On new and little-known Eastern Moths. ~I Cr XV.—New and little-known Eastern Moths. By Colonel C. Swinuog, M.A., F.L.S., &e. Family Eupterotide. Apona khasiana, nov. 3 ?. Of a uniform pale ochreous-brown colour, darker and more ochreous than in A. pallida, Walker, from Sikkim, but about the same size; the plumes of the antenne about half the length and brown in colour; the transverse lines and bands similarly placed, the medial and discal lines single, the latter curving inwards in its middle; a black dot at the end of the cell of fore wings; the underside of both wings with some large red-brown patches towards the outer margin. Expanse of wings, ¢ 34%, @ 44% inches. Khasia Hills. This is probably the insect referred to by Mr. Elwes as Apona cashmirensis, Kollar, expanse 120 mm., from the Khasis, in Journ. Bo. N. H. Soc. xi. p. 250 (1897) ; but cashmirensis is a small insect differing from both pallida and khasiana in the shape of its bands. I have it from Solon, taken by Bayne Reed. Family Arctiide. Diacrisia procedra, nov. 3. Above and below of a uniform pale ochreous-buff colour; antenne and palpi black, frons with biack sides: fore wings with two black costal spots, one before and the other beyond the middle; a black spot at the upper end of the cell, another close to hinder margin below the first spot, a spot at the base, the discal band of spots below showing through the wing with two spots on it on the hinder margin above, and two dots on veins 2 and 3: hind wings with a large spot at the end of the cell and a discal band composed of two very large black spots joined together, each divided by veins 1 and 2, and a small spot divided by vein 5; cilia concolorous, without markings ; abdomen pinkish, dorsal and lateral rows of small black spots. Underside marked as above, except for a larger black spot at the end of the cell of fore wings, and the discal band clear and prominent, com- posed of three large spots divided by the veins and connected with each other by small black dots; pectus bright ochreous, with black hairs ; legs with black stripes. 76 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new Expanse of wings 13% inch. Padang, Sumatra; one example. Superficially resembles D. punctata, Moore, which I have from Java. Diacrisia amilada, nov.* g. Palpi and frons black ; antenne greyish white; head, thorax, and fore wings brownish buff, spots and bands on the latter black; a basal spot, a spot near the hinder margin at the middle, another above it, and then in continuation five small spots in a line obliquely inwards to the costa; three bands of paired linear marks divided by the veins, the first from the hinder margin a little beyond the middle obliquely to the costa a little before the apex, the second running almost parallel, starting a little before the hinder angle, the third close to the outer margin, the second spot of the row being absent: hind wings pale pink, a large black spot at the end of the cell and a discal band composed of two large black spots in the lower disk and two in the upper; cilia of both wings ochreous grey, with black spots on the upper third ; abdomen pale pink, with dorsal and lateral rows of black spots. Underside: wings paler, hind wings nearly white, markings much as above, except for a large black lunular spot at the end of the cell of the fore wings; fore legs scarlet, hind legs grey, all with blackish stripes. Expanse of wings 1,8, inch. Padang, Sumatra; one example. Chionema rhadota, nov. @. Palpi and antenne dark orange-colour; frons white, with an orange spot; head and thorax white, bands on each side of the thorax scarlet: fore wings white, bands scarlet; a subbasal, rather thin, sinuous band not reaching the hinder margin; a broad antemedial band slightly bent inwards in the middle, with a thick black line on its inner side; a large black spot at the end of the cell; a postmedial erect band as broad as the other, with a thick black line on its outer side which slightly curves inwards above its middle ; a marginal scarlet band of somewhat lesser width: abdomen and hind wings pinkish ochreous without markings; cilia of both wings yellow. * This I expect is the insect identified by Piepers and Snellen in their list of Javan Lepidoptera as D. casigneta, Kollar, a Palearctic species not unlike it in general appearance, but quite a different insect with black antenne. . ba | ~l and little-known Eastern Moths. Expanse of wings 1,%; inch. Sitoli, Nias; one example. There is a female from Nias in the B. M. with C. javanica, Butler. J have no doubt when the male is known it will be found to be quite different to the male of the Javan species. Family Drepanulide. Drepana albiceris, nov. @. Whitish buff-colour; palpi black; antennz orange- brown ; a black band on the upper half of the frons; legs brown above; thorax and abdomen without markings: wings sparsely covered with very minute orange-brown atoms and a few larger black atoms ; a transverse brown band composed of three lines close together from near apex of fore wings, where there is a small brown patch with a pale centre, to the middle of the abdominal margin of the hind wings ; on the hind wings the band is accompanied by some slight blackish suffusion, and is obsolete above vein 6, and at the end of cell touching the inner margin of the band is a rather prominent black spot ; on both wings there are submarginal black dots, close to the margin at the apex of fore wings, widening from the margin hindwards: on the underside the band is blackish brown, broad and complete, and there is a similar band on the outer margin. Expanse of wings 2,4, inches. Padang, Sumatra; one example. In shape this species is like Drepana curvaria, Walker, from Mysol, figured in Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. i. pl. vii. fig. 1, but it is larger and the fore wings more falcate. Family Lymantriide. Leucoma ecnomoda, nov. 3. Palpi bright pinkish orange; head dark chestnut- colour; front of thorax pure white, remainder of thorax, abdomen, antenne, and wings rather pale pinkish brown: both wings with a large irregular hyaline patch, evenly curved on its inner side at one third from the base, running to a point below the costa, very irregular on its outer side, with three square lobes projecting outwardly on the fore wings and one on the hind wings and occupying the best part of the wings; on the fore wings above and close to the hyaline atch there is a duplex hyaline spot, almost subapical; on the hind wings there is one, with another disconnected patch outside. On the underside the coloration is pinkish white. 78 Colonel] C. Swinhoe on new Expanse of wings 1,% inch. 1 g, Buitenzorg, Java (type). 1 g, Padang, Sumatra. Allied to Leucoma fenestrata, Hmpsn., from Ceylon, the hyaline patches much larger and differently shaped. Euproctis wanthura, nov. go. Antenne and frons dull ochreous ; palpi brown above, white beneath and at the tips; body and wings blackish brown ; thorax orange in front; abdomen with an ochreous tuft: fore wings with the costal line and a patch at the apex ochreous white, a prominent black spot at the apex, a little ochreous white on the outer margin below the middle, and the broad cilia ochreous white: hind wings without markings, the cilia pure white. On the underside the inner portion of the fore wings is pale blackish brown, the base and margins broadly whitish; the hind wings are all white except for some blackish-brown suffusion on the abdominal third; abdomen blackish brown, thorax and legs whitish. Expanse of wings 175 inch. Padang, Sumatra ; one example. 3elongs to the scintillans group, but is not very closely allied to any of the forms of that section. Euproctis neola, nov. 9. Of a uniform blackish brown ; antenne, palpi, thorax beneath, legs, and abdominal tuft pale whitish ochreous ; thorax in front dull orange: fore wings with a large apical bright yellow patch, containing two prominent black spots, one at the apex and the other below it; another yellow smaller patch in the shape of a half-circle on the outer border below the middle; cilia concolorous with the two colours of the wing: hind wings without markings, the cilia bright yellow, with a little of this colour entering within the outer margin. On the underside the fore wing is the same as it is above, except that the apical spots are absent and the costal line is yellow ; on the hind wings there is a marginal yellow band and yellow cilia. Expanse of wings 13 inch. Padang, Sumatra; one example. Family Chalcosiide. Soritia zebra. Laurion zebra, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. p. 85 (1884). Erasmia laja, Pag. Nass, Ver. xxxviii. p. 11, pl. i. fig. 5 (1885). Sitoli, Nias. and little-known Eastern Moths. 79 Butler’s and Pagenstecker’s types were females. I have received both sexes from Sitoli. ‘he male differs from the female in having a narrow discal white band on the fore wings, narrower than in the male of Soritia obliquaria, Vabr., but it is broken into three pieces, the centre piece being a small white spot ; the black marginal band of the hind wings is narrower, and the black portions of both wings on the undersides are covered with blue streaks and spots as in the female. Family Notodontide. Stauropus virescens. Stauropus virescens, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1879, p.404; Hmpsn. Journ. Bo. N. H. Soe. xiii. p. 42 (1900). Sikkim. Moore’s typeisa male ; I have lately received from Sikkim what I believe to be the female. The fore wings have the same kind of green above, with four irregular, dark, trans- verse bands ; the hind wings are pale brownish grey and the undersides of both wings are grey and quite unmarked as in the male ; the fore wings are rather broad and the expanse 2435 inches. Family Hadenida. Polia illoba. Agrotis illoba, Butler, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 162 (1878). Polia illoba, Hmpsn. Phal. v. p. 151 (1905), Graphiphora pacifica, Butler, l. c. p. 165, Mamestra declinans, Staud. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 250. Khasia Hills; several examples. Recorded from Siberia, Japan, and China; not previously recorded from the Indian Region. Family Focillide. Iluza eugrapha, nov. 3 2. Of a uniform grey colour, very slightly tinged with pinkish ochreous and minutely irrorated with black atoms ; antenne blackish brown ; sides of the palpi and legs black: fore wings with a black dot in the middle of the cell and another at the end; a broad straight band from apex of fore wings to near anal angle of hind wings, obsolete from vein 6 to the costa; this band is composed of a thick black outer line, a thin black inner line, the narrow space between them grey-pink, and close to it on the inner side on both wings is 80 Bibliographical Notice. another fine black line for two thirds upwards ; there is also a black spot just below the middle and close to the outer side of the band on the fore wings; a thin marginal interrupted line and black points close to the outer margin on both wings ; a black dot at the end of the cell on the hind wings. Under- side paler, no markings; the cell-dots and a complete festooned black line on the outer margin of both wings, most prominent in the female. Expanse of wings, ¢ 134, 9 14% inch. 3, Gédé, W. Java. ?, Padang, Sumatra. Allied to I/uza transversa, Moore, from Sikkim and Assam. There is a male from Bali in the B. M. unnamed, Quadrifid drawer no. 222. Family Boarmiide. Opthalmodes plesia, nov. 3. Moss-green ; palpi and frons ochreous white, palpi at the sides, head, and antenne black: wings somewhat pale between the bands, making them more or less variegated in colour, with four transverse, duplex, green, slightly dentated bands at equal distances apart, commencing from black spots on the costa of the fore wings and with black spots throughout on each inner band, the outer margin of both wings with equally prominent black spots; cilia white, a black spot at the end of each cell. Underside whitish, suffused with dull pale green ; a black spot at the end of each cell and a dull blackish submarginal band more or less macular. Expanse of wings 1,%5 inch. Padang, Sumatra; one example. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. Books and Portraits illustrating the History of Plant Classification. London: Printed by Order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1906. Ix this smal] pamphlet, which has been drawn up by Dr. A. B. Rendle, to accompany a collection of books and portraits exhibited in the Botanical Gallery of the Natural History Museum at South Kensington, there will be found a great deal of information which will be highly appreciated by all who are interested in the history of botany. Herein will be found short biographies of some of the most eminent botanists, as well as a brief outline of their work. In addition to the text, portraits are included of Ray, Linneus, and Robert Brown, as well as a copy of ‘“ Ehret’s plate illustrating the 24 classes of the Sexual system.” And the whole can be bought for fourpence ! : THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [SEVENTH SERIES.] No. 116. AUGUST 1907. XVI.—A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental Zoological Region. By P. Cameron, [Concluded from p. 30. } IcuyEevmonrv# (continued). Chiaglas nigripes, Cam. Chiaglas nigripes, Cam. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. p. 152. Runjit Valley, Sikkim, 1000 feet; April (C. 7. Bingham). Described from the Khasias. In Chiaglas the discocubital nervure is broken by a stump and the transverse median nervure is received shortly beyond the transverse basal. The species mimics a MJyermo, it having the same size and colour-markings as, e. g., the common JZ. maculitarsis, Cam. Haliphera latibalteata, sp. n. Black ; the face, clypeus, base of mandibles, a line on the inner orbits, above extending to near the hind ocelli, the lower half of the outer orbits, malar space, prothorax (except for a line in the centre of the pleure dilated at the base), a large mark in the centre of the mesonotum (trilobate at the base, roundly incised at the apex), scutellums, a broad mark down the middle of the metanotum (half in the upper, half in the lower part, of equal width) rounded above, transverse Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 6 oe 82 Mr. P. Cameron on //ymenoptera below, tubercles, a large mark on the lower half of the meso- pleuree (rounded below and extending on to the sternum, rounded and narrowed above at the apex), an oval spot below the hind wings, a large mark in the middle of the metapleuree (transverse at the base, the three other sides broadly rounded), the postpetiole, almost the apical half of the second segment, two broad marks (obliquely narrowed towards the base) on the apical half of the third, two smaller oblique triangular marks on the sides of the fourth, a narrow line on the apex of the fifth and sixth, and the seventh from shortly behind the middle, bright orange-yellow, as are also the legs (except the fore femora behind, the middle at the base all round and at the apex, slightly more broadly above, the middle yellow part being about as long as the black apical) ; the basal and apical third of the posterior all round, the base narrowly of the four hind tibiz (their apices more broadly), the four anterior tarsi above, and the hind coxe and trochanters, black. The underside of the antennal scape yellow, the sixth to fourteenth joints of the flagellum white. Wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. ¢. Length 14 mm. Runjit Valley, Sikkim, 1000 feet; April (C. 7. Bingham). Head closely punctured, the apex of clypeus and a large round depression over each antenna smooth,shining. Thorax closely punctured, the depression in the centre of propleuree obliquely irregularly striated; the apex of the mesopleure finely, closely, obliquely striated below. Median segment closely rugosely punctured, the apex of the posterior median area transversely striated; the lateral apical areze more strongly, irregularly, and much less closely striated; the apex ot the pleure irregularly, stoutly, obliquely reticulated. Postpetiole smooth, the second and third segments closely punctured. Gastrocceli longer than wide, somewhat pyri- form, smooth on the inner side at the base, the outer side coarsely aciculated. Tarsi closely spinose. ‘The areolet 5-angled, large, the recurrent nervure received shortly beyond the middle. For a synopsis of the Indian species of Haliphera see ‘ The Entomologist, 1904, p. 307. Lnter alia, the present species may be known by the broad continuous band on the second abdominal segment. DIPLOPTERA. Odynerus Hewittit, sp. n. Black ; the mandibles (except at extreme apex), clypeus, ») from the Oriental Zoological Region. 83 the eye-incision entirely, a line down the centre of the front (narrowed on the upper half, dilated below the middle, and the apex still more widely triangularly dilated), the outer orbits almost entirely, a triangular mark between the ocelli and the eyes, a large pyriform mark on the sides of the pro- notum, the two united by a narrow line, two longish lines down the centre of the mesonotum, a mark on the basal half of the scutellum (roundly incised in the middle), a large mark on postscutellum (its base transverse, the apex obliquely narrowed), a large curved triangular mark covering the sides of the metanotum, the narrowed part below, two large marks on the mesopleure at the base (the upper broader and shorter than the lower, the two divided by the suture), tegule (except for a fuscous spot), the first abdominal segment at the top of apical slope, its apex and the apices of the following seven segments, the lines dilated laterally and that on the seventh also in the middle, a mark in the centre of the eighth (nar- rowed towards the apex), the sides of the second ventral broadly, its apex more narrowly (the black central mark formed thereby is obliquely narrowed at tle apex), and the apices of the other segments, yellow. Legs yellow, the coxa, trochanters, and femora black behind. Wings hyaline, the anteriorsuffused with fuscous; the stigma fuscous, the nervures Black,’ | Length 10 mm. Kuching, Borneo; June (John Hewitt). Clypeus as broad as long, the apical half roundly narrowed, the apex transverse. Upper part of head and the thorax, except the apex of the mesopleure and the base of meta- pleure (which are bare, smooth, and shining), closely, rather strongly punctured. Underside of antennal scape yellow, of the flagellum brown, as is also the hook, which is as long as the joint. Base of thorax not quite transverse, the sides of metanotum margined ; the postscutellum is obliquely nar- rowed, The pubescence all over is short, dense, and pale. In the Journ. Linn. Soc. 1857, p. 112, Mr. F. Smith described an Odynerus multipictus from Borneo; in the same journal, 1859, p. 165, he described another O. multipictus from Aru. In his ‘ Catalogue of Malay Hymenoptera’ tlie Aru multipictus is duly noted, but not the earlier one. Saussure (Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiii. p. 200) redescribes what he regarded as the Borneo multipictus, and renamed it guétu- latus—“ parce que l’auteur |’a aussi donné A une autre espéce qui pourra le conserver.” It is, however, the Aru mu/tipictus of 1859 that ought to have been renamed. Bingham (‘ Fauna of Brit. India,’ Hymen. i. p. 868) describes and figures the 6* 84 Mr. P. Cameron on [Hymenoptera Borneo multipictus, but only the female. Col. Bingham has given me from Sikkim the male of what is no doubt the Indian multipictus (/. c. pl. ii. fig. 13). I have unfortunately only males of these yellow-banded species. Those known to me may be separated as follows :— a. The pubescence dense and black, the apex of the clypeus not transverse; pygidium black ; the lateral marks on metanotww not much widened above. Pronotum and tegule black; pleure and scutel- lum immaculate; second ventral segment black, with two large yellow spots, the other segments black .............. esr Pronotum, pleurze, and scutellums marked with yellow ; the ventral segments (except the apical two) for the greater part yellow.... septemfasciatus, Sm. 6. The pubescence short and pale; the apex of clypeus transverse; pygidium with a large yellow mark ; the marks on metanotum much widened above ......... Oe nor 4 Hewittti, sp. 0. multipictus, Sm, Odynerus heterospilus, sp. n. Black ; the clypeus, the eye-incisions, a longish triangular mark over the antenneg, the greater part of the mandibles, an oblique mark opposite the ocelli touching the eyes, the outer orbits broadly, the base of pronotum, apex of tegulee, the base of scutellum to near the middle, a broad curved line (widened above) on the sides of metanotum, a large conical mark (longer than wide) below the tegula, a smaller narrower spot near the apex of mesopleuree below, the first abdominal segment (except narrowly at the base), the apices of the second to fifth, the whole of the sixth, the base of the second ventral, and the apices of the middle ventral narrowly, yellow, the yellow on the abdomen tinged with rufous ; a transverse line on the vertex behind the ocelli, the apex of pronotum from shortly behind the middle, the sides of mesonotum largely, and a spot below the hind wings surrounding a yellow mark, blood-red. Underside of antennal scape yellow, of flagellum brown. Legs yellow, the four anterior coxe, trochanters and femora behind, and the greater part of the posterior, black. Wings clear hyaline, the radial cellule smoky, the stigma testaceous, the nervures black; the first and second transverse cubital nervures united in front. ¢. Total length 9 mm. Kuching, Borneo; February (Hewitt). Belongs to Odynerus (sensu str.). Densely covered with short white pubescence. First abdominal segment large, from the Oriental Zoological Ivegion. 89 cup-shaped, not quite sessile, slightly longer than it is wide at the apex; the second longer than wide, the apex with a narrow but distinct depression. Clypeus with the apex trans- verse, as it is also above. Apex of postscutellum transverse ; the sides of metanotum bluntly rounded, tle apex transverse, not much depressed in the middle. The base of the thorax is not quite transverse and with the sides rounded. A distinct species. Ancistrocerus megaspilus, sp. Ns Black ; clypeus, mandibles (except the inner edge), the eye-incision, the yellow extending beyond it, a longitudinal line (extending from shortly above the top of the eye-incision to the antenna, its top narrowed, the bottom dilated), a short oblique line on the vertex running into the top of the eyes, the outer orbits broadly, a broad line on the sides of pronotum (extending from the base to shortly beyond the middle), tegule, basal two thirds of scutellum, the apex of the mark transverse, the sides of the metanotum broadly, the mark curved and narrowed below, a large almost semicircular mark below the tegule, a much smaller oblique conical mark on the apex of mesopleure below, a small transverse mark on the sides of the first abdominal segment at the top of basal slope, a line on the apex of thie first to fifth segments (that on the first dilated in the middle, the dilated part with am incision), and a large conical mark on the sides of the second segment, yellow. Legs yellow, black behind at the base. Wings hyaline, the radial and the apex of the costal cellule fuscous violaceous, the stigma dark fuscous; the recurrent nervure interstitial, the second cubital cellule much narrowed in front, but with the nervures apart. ¢. Total length 10 mm. Kuching; March (//ewité). Apex otf clypeus transverse, moderately wide. Thorax more than twice longer than wide, the sides at the base broadly rounded, the apex transverse. Apex of postscutellum obliquely narrowed towards the centre. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, not quite sessile at the base; at the centre of its apex is a distinct fovea, there being similar fovese on the second and third; the segments are smooth, silky. The base of the first abdominal segment is hardly separated trom the rest, but is more glabrous and shining. Sphegide. Cerceris baluchistanensis, sp. n. Yellow; asmall longish spot over each antenna, the vertex 86 Mr. P. Cameron on [Hymenoptera from the hinder ocelli (except for a triangular spot behind each of the latter), the basal two thirds of the pronotum and the central apical furrow, three broad lines on mesonotum and a similar one across the base, the space bordering the sides of scutellums, a large triangular mark covering the basal area of metanotum, a broad line covering the central apical furrow, and the space between the meso- and metapleure, black ; the flagellum of antennz and the space separating the abdominal segments rufo-fulvous. Legs yellow, the femora tinged with fulvous. Wings hyaline, the apex narrowly smoky, the costa and stigma fulvous, the apical nervures black. <¢. Length 12 mm. (Quetta; June (Nurse). Metanotal area closely but not very strongly transversely striated. Head, thorax, and, to a less extent, the abdomen covered with white pubescence, closely strongly punctured, the metathorax more closely than the rest. Clypeus fringed with pale golden hair, its apex bluntly rounded. Eyes slightly converging above. Hinder ocelli separated from each other by a little greater distance than they are from the eyes. Apical half of penultimate joint of antenne abruptly narrowed, the last bluntly rounded at the apex. First abdominal seg- ment slightly narrowed at the base, longer than it is wide at the apex. Pygidium strongly punctured throughout, of equal width, the apex bluntly rounded, keeled; the apex of epipygium bluntly rounded. Comes near to C. Waltlit, Spin., from Egypt. Cerceris quettaensis, sp. n. Black ; the face, a broad line on the lower half of the inner eye-orbits, clypeus, mandibles (except the teeth), antennal scape, two marks (broader than long) obliquely widened towards the apex on the outer edge of pronotum, tegule, tubercles, postscutellum, basal half of second abdominal segment, the third entirely, the fourth narrowly in the centre, widely at the sides, the fifth (except for a curved black band on the base), the sixth entirely, and the greater part of the ventral segments, bright lemon-yellow, as are also the legs. Basal four joints of antennal flagellum dark yellow, the apical brownish below. Wings hyaline, the apex narrowly smoky, the stigma dark fuscous, the nervures black. @. Length 11 mm. Quetta (Nu.-se). Metanotal a ea smooth, shining, the central furrow wide, from the Oriental Zovlogical Region. 87 opaque, finely rugose. Entire body closely strongly punc- tured. ‘Third antennal joint as long as the scape, shorter than the second and fourth united. First abdominal segment longish oval, about one half longer than wide, as long as tlie second. Abdominal segments strongly but not very closely punctured, the second smooth in the centre at the apex, tlic others smooth at the base, the last strongly punctured, de- pressed at the apex. Pygidium closely strongly punctured, slightly gradually narrowed towards the apex. Comes near, apparently, to €. ewgenia, Schilett.. Cerceris basimacula, sp. 0. Black ; a mark on the centre of the clypeus (obliquely narrowed above and below), a broad line on its apex, a broad line on the inner orbits from the antennx, two large oblique marks on the apex of the metamotum (extending on to tlic pleurz), the basal third of the abdominal petiole on the sides, more than the basal third of the second segment, and narrow lines on the apices of the fourth and fifth segments, yellow ; the sides of the central and lower parts of the clypeus, pro- thorax, scutellums, more than the apical third of the second and third abdominal segments, a line behind the yellow on the fourth and fifth, and the apical two segments entirely, dark rufous; the apex of the first segment of a paler rufous colour. Four front legs pale rufo-testaceous ; the tibize and base of tarsi yellow ; the hind legs similarly but much darker coloured. Wings hyaline, the radial cellule smoky, the apical cubital cellule of a deeper smoky colour ; the costa and stigma dark testaceous, the nervures black. Antenne rufo-testa- ceous, the scape yellow below, the eight apical joints blackish, paler below. @. Length 10 mm. Sikkim. Face strongly but not closely punctured ; the clypeus more finely and closely punctured; there is a short keel in the centre of the latter, with a fovea on either side. Front and vertex strongly, somewhat closely punctured. Middle of pronotum closely punctured, the sides almost smooth ; meso- notum somewhat strongly but not closely punctured; the scutellum is more strongly but not so closely punctured as tlie latter. Postscutellum smooth. Metanotum strongly punc- tured, the punctures clearly separated; the area shining, smooth. Head and thorax densely covered with white pubescence. First abdominal segment of equal width, about four times as long as wide, longer than the second; the 88 Mr. P. Cameron on Hymenoptera segments strongly punctured ; the pygidium strongly but not very closely punctured; the sides rounded, narrowed at the base and apex, the latter slightly rounded inwardly. The whole abdomen covered with longish white pubescence. Hypopygium depressed at the apex; the latter has a slight rounded incision. Allied to C. lepcha, Cam. Crabro violaceipennis, sp. n. Black; the antennal scape, a narrow transverse line on the postscutellum, a spot (broad and rounded at the base, roundly narrowed towards the apex) on the base of the metanotum in the centre, a band (rounded at the apex, the base with two incisions in the middle, the space between projecting beyond them) on the apex of the first abdominal segment, a broad irregular band on the basal half of the second, a slightly narrower band (almost continuous) on the base of the third, and similar bands (but more clearly interrupted) on the base of the fourth and fitth, bright lemon-yellow. The legs black ; the fore tibize in front and above, the middle and posterior (except below and narrowly at the apex), the middle femora broadly below, and the basal joint of the tarsi (except at the apex), lemon-yellow. Wings fuscous violaceous, the nervures and stigma black. 2. Length 13 mm. Sikkim. Mesonotum and scutellum closely punctured, the latter more closely at the base than at the apex, where the punctures run into striz. Postscutellum smooth at the base, the apex strongly but not closely punctured. Metanotal area closely longitudinally striated, the rest of the metanotum more strongly obliquely striated, the strie curved and interlacing more or less. Face, clypeus, and cheeks densely covered with silvery pubescence; the thorax densely covered with white to silvery pubescence, which is longest on the meta- notum. Pygidium shining, longish, the basal third with deep clearly separated punctures; the rest is less strongly and more sparsely punctured, especially in the middle. There is a deep crenulated furrow down the base of the meso- pleure. Abdomen sessile, triangular. Belongs to Bingham’s section B.c¢. 6’; with none of the species therein can it be confounded. Crabro ctenopus, sp. n. Black ; a line above on basal half of mandib es, two broad from the Oriental Zoological Region. 89 lines on pronotum, a large, irregular, oblique mark on the sides of second abdominal segment, a line (about three times longer than wide) on the sides of the third, a slightly longer and narrower one on the sides of the fourth, with two small lines between, a line on the basal half of the fifth, with two black lines in the centre at the base, a band on the centre of the sixth (with two rounded black lines, united at the base, in the centre), bright lemon-yellow. Anterior legs testaceous, the femora with the lower half yellow in front ; the tarsi blackish towards the apex ; the middle trochanters and femora clear lemon-yellow, with a broad black line in the middle and a short line on the apex below; the tibie lemon-yellow, blackish at the base and apex, and with a broader blackish band in the centre; hind legs black, the metatarsus to near the middle pale yellow. Wings hyaline, iridescent, the costa and stigma black. ¢. Length 9 mm. Sikkim. Abdominal petiole fully one fourth longer than it is wide at the apex ; it becomes gradually widened from the base to the apex and is closely punctured. Base of metanotum with a small central area of equal width and a large area on either side (wider than long), the apical keel less distinct than the lateral and rounded ; the top of the apical slope is irregularly widely reticulated, the middle smooth, the apex transversely striated. Top and apex of mesopleure above and at the apex smooth, the latter bounded by a rounded curved keel; the apex below with a narrow band of stout striae. Metapleure (except at the apex above) striated closely. ‘The pubescence on the head, thorax, and sides of abdomen white, on the back of the abdomen bright golden fulvous. Basal joint of middle tarsi dilated, straight on inner side, rounded on outer to near the apex, which is narrowed, below it is fringed with a comb of stout bristles, the apex projects and ends in two long spines ; the basal joint of the anterior broad, curved, slightly narrowed at the base, the following three joints are broad, the second as long as the following two united ; the first joint of the posterior longer than the following united, broad, narrowed at the base. ‘he middle of the mandibles rufous. In having the metanotum areolated this species agrees with C. agycus, Cam., from the Himalayas (‘The Entomologist,’ 1904, p. 261). Psen montanus, sp. n. Black, shining, sparsely covered with short white pubes- 90 Mr. P. Cameron on /Zymenoptera cence. Wings clear hyaline, the nervures and stigma black ; the second eubital cellule much narrowed in front, one fourth of the length of the third in front; the first recurrent nervure received very shortly beyond the transverse cubital, the second at the apex of the basal fourth; metanotum without keels, except two indistinct longitudinal ones leading down to the furrow, which is distinct, smooth on upper, crenulated on lower half; the narrowed part of petiole half the length of thorax. Body smooth ; the pubescence densest and longest on the sides. 9. Length 7 mm. Simla (Nurse). May be known from the other black Indian species by the absence of keels and aree on the metanotum, it being also smaller than them. P. kashmirensis, Nurse, has a ‘“ remark- able tubercle’ between the antenna, and it agrees otherwise with the present species closely, but it differs in having a triangular depression at the base of the metanotum, which also bears outwardly diverging strive, this not being the case with the present species. Psen rufoannulatus, sp. n. Black, shining, densely covered with longish white pubes- cence; the second and third abdominal segments bright red ; the apical four joints of the tarsi rufo-testaceous ; the wings clear hyaline, the stigma and nervures black; abdominal petiole as long as the thorax; the front with a distinct keel down the middle. @. Length 9 mm. Simla; August (Nurse). A stout species. Metanotal area bare, shining, large, clearly defined, the apex gradually roundly narrowed to a point shortly above the middle of the metanotum ; in its centre are two parallel keels; at a distance from these is a keel; separated from it at the outer edge are three or four less distinct ones. The rest of the metanotum is opaque, irregularly striated, the strize more or less curved ; the pubescence is long and dense. The first recurrent nervure is received near the apex of the basal third of the cellule, the second very shortly beyond the second transverse cubital. Hind tibiae with about a dozen white spines. The second abscissa of radius not quite half the length of third ; the second cubital cellule wide in front. ivten) — from the Oriental Zoological Region. Psen puncticeps, sp. 0. Black ; the knees, tibia, and tarsi whitish testaceous, the hinder darker tinted, with the tibiae fuscous from shortly beyond the middle ; the second and following segments of the abdomen piceous, the narrowed part of petiole half the length of the thorax. Wings clear hyaline, the stigma dark fuscous, the nervures black. Metanotum without a basa] area, the sides keeled, the keels with a narrow striated band on the inner side ; the furrow on the apical slope is wider and deeper on the basal than on the apical part. Antenne stout, brownish below, the third joint about one fourth longer than the next, which is as long as the second. IT irst recurrent nervure received close to the base of the cellule, the second at double the distance. Front closely, distinctly, the vertex less strongly punctured ; there is a narrow keel down the centre of front, ending in a large stout projection between the antennze. Parapsidal furrows distinct on basal half of mesonotum ; the furrow on the base of metanotum is deep, crenulated, it is separated in the middle by a smooth space bounded by curved keels. 9. Length 7 mm. Simla. Palarus fortistriolatus, sp. n. Black, shining, sparsely covered with white pubescence ; the three lobes of clypeus, lower half of front, basal third of mandibles, a broad line on the lower three fourths of the outer eye-orbits, the apex and the sides of pronotum to near the middle, a line on its base, a large mark in front of the tegule roundly, irregularly narrowed at the base, tegule, tubercles, a line on the base of mesopleure, gradually narrowed below to a sharp point, not reaching to the breast, an irre- gular triangular spot on the outer lower side of its apex, scutellums, their lateral keels, and the greater part of the abdomen, bright lemon-yellow. Legs yellow, suffused with rufo-fulvous, the four hinder coxze and the greater part of trochanters black; the anterior metatarsus with seven long spines of equal length (except the basal, which is shorter), the apical two close together. Wings hyaline, the apex very slightly suffused with fuscous, the stigma and nervures fulvous, the apical nervures darker coloured. @?. Length 13 mm. Quetta; June. ‘The basal slope of the first abdominal segment, the base 92 LHymenoptera from the Oriental Zoological Region. of the second to sixth narrowly, and the ventral (except for a line on the apex of the second and irregular marks on the sides of the others) black; the depressed apices of the first to fourth brownish ; the line on the second broad, slightly dilated in the middle, that on the third forming a broad triangle, that on the fourth narrowly dilated backwards to the apex of basal third in the middle; there is a deep furrow in the centre of the apical two thirds of the fifth. The second ventral segment becomes gradually raised in the centre towards the apex (forming about one third of the segment), the apex of the raised part slightly roundly narrowed; the part beyond this is raised also, is stoutly striated, and has the apex bluntly rounded and curled up. Pygidium long, gradually roundly narrowed from the base to the apex, sparsely weakly punctured. Hyes at the top separated by not quite the length of the third antennal joint. Hinder ocelli irregularly oval, depressed in the centre, tie depression behind them longer than wide, the apex deep, the base much shallower and narrowed; the anterior ocellus roundish, sur- rounded by a rounded furrow. ‘Third antennal joint as long as the second and fourth united; front and face densely covered with silvery pubescence. Pronotum with a steep oblique slope from the top to the bottom, the top rounded, clearly separated, widened laterally. Base of mesonotum closely, the sides and apex sparsely punctured, the scutellums still more sparsely punctured. Metanotum depressed in the middle, strongly striated, transversely on base, obliquely on sides of apex, the centre being smooth; the rest closely, strongly, rugosely punctured, with an irregularly reticulated area, widest on outer side, on the inner side at the base. Pro- and mesopleure shining, sparsely punctured; the meta- pleure closely irregularly reticulated. The last ventral segment is flat at the base, gradually narrowed to a fine point, then prolonged into a keel; the penultimate flat. The front over the antenne is roundly raised. Middle of first abdo- minal segment keeled laterally. ‘he striation on the meta- notum is irregular, being more transverse in one example than in the other; it is strong in both. Allied to P. flavipes. On a new Leptolepid Fish from the Weald Clay. 93 XVIT.—On a new Leptolepid Fish from the Weald Clay of Southwater, Sussex. By A. Smita Woopwarp, LL.D., Piatt. [Plate I.] Turn cycloid scales which might have belonged to a Leptolepis- like fish have already been noticed in the English Wealden formation, bat no complete example of a Wealden member of the Leptolepide has hitherto been described. A well- preserved specimen, however, which may be referred to the family just mentioned, has lately been found in the Weald Clay at Southwater, near Horsham; and I am indebted to the Directors of the Southwater Brick and Tile Co., Ltd. (through Mr. C. H. Aldersmith, A.M.I.C.E.), for the oppor- tunity of studying this interesting fossil, which has now been presented to the British Museum. The new specimen is preserved in counterpart in a slab of clay, and its best half is shown of one half nat. size in Pl. I. fig. 1. It is exhibited in direct side-view, only lacking the anterior part of the head and the hinder half of the caudal fin. The maximum depth of the trunk is con- tained somewhat less than three times in the length from the pectoral arch to the base of the caudal fin, and would probably equal about one fifth of the total length of the fish. The same depth is not quite three times as great as the depth of the caudal pedicle. The fragmentary remains of the head show that the mandibular suspensorium is inclined forwards, so that the articulation of the lower jaw must have been directly beneath the hinder part of the orbit. The hyo- mandibular bone (/m.) bears a long process for the suspension of the operculum (op.), which is shown in impression, trape- zoidal in shape, and about as deep as broad. The preoper- culum (pop.) has a long upright ascending limb, expanding below into a triangular plate. The suboperculum (sop.), best seen in the counterpart not figured, must have been about four times as broad as deep, Fifteen branchiostegal rays (dr.) can be counted, the upper seven being expanded and in close series, the lower eight being narrower bars and more widely spaced. The opercular apparatus is quite smooth, not ornamented. The total number of vertebrx is about sixty, half being in the abdominal region. The centra are about as long as deep in the anterior part of the caudal region, but are somewhat shorter than deep both in the abdominal and 94 Onanew Leptolepid Fish from the Weald Clay. in the hinder part of the caudal region. They are well ossified and their primitive double-cone is strengthened by secondary bone arranged in fine, close, longitudinal ridges (fig. 2). The ribs are stout, apparently borne on very short transverse processes, and clearly extending to the ventral border of the fish. ‘The fixed neural and hemal arches in the caudal region are also very stout and gently arched. The hinder extremity of the vertebral column turns only slightly upwards, and its hemal arches are somewhat expanded without fusion into plates. ‘lhe intermuscular bones are almost completely obscured by the seales in the fossil, but there are traces of them above the vertebral column in the abdominal region, and both above and below this column in the caudal region. The post-temporal (pt.) is a thick plate, almost triangular in shape, and the supraclavicle (sc/.) is a deep and narrow bone. The clavicle (c/.), as shown in impression, is expanded into a large smooth plate above the pectoral fin, which is inserted close to the ventral border. When adpressed to the trunk this fin extends halfway to the insertion of the pelvic fins; its rays have a very long and stiff base, but are finely divided and articulated at the extremity. The pelvic fins (p/v.) are smaller than the pectorals, though similar in character, and inserted midway between the pectorals and the anal. The dorsal fin (d.) arises well in front of the middle point between the occiput and the caudal fin, somewhat in advance of the insertion of the pelvic fins. It comprises eighteen to twenty rays, of which the three foremost are closely pressed together, undivided, and gradually increase in length. The length of the fourth or longest ray much exceeds half the depth of the trunk at its insertion, and, like the following rays, is finely divided and articulated distally. The anal fin (a.) resembles the dorsal in character, but is much smaller and comprises only thirteen or fourteen rays. It is far behind the dorsal, and its origin is much nearer to that of the caudal than to the insertion of the pelvic fins. ‘he remains of the caudal fin-rays (c.) show that they were comparatively stout. There are no fulera on any of the fins. The scales are relatively large, cycloid, and smooth, occasionally with feeble traces of a slight radiating pectination at the hinder border, but usually exhibiting structural lines, including wavy concentric markings. They are scarcely displaced in the fossil, and are seen to be deeply overlapping, with the exposed area narrow and deep. ‘The “lateral line” is scarcely traceable, but seems to produce a slight depression along some scales in a series above the vertebral column. So far as the skeleton is preserved there is nothing in the On new Species of Misteride. 95 Wealden fossil just described to prevent its reference to an Elopine or Clupeoid fish; but as the European Wealden fish-fauna is essentially of a Jurassic type *, the specimen is more likely to belong to a member of the Leptolepide, with which it equally agrees. ‘The skeleton of the trunk resembles that both of Leptolepis itself and of Athalion; but the lack of jaws prevents an exact determination of the genus. ‘The number of the vertebree exceeds that of all known species of both genera exeept Wthalion Vidali +, and the relative short- ness of the hinder caudal, as well as the anterior abdominal vertebral centra, is a feature peculiar to the new Wealden fish. The fins, as described, also distinguish this fossil from all species with which it can be compared. It therefore represents a new species, which I propose to name Leptolepis valdensis until the discovery of the head determines its precise generic position. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Fig. 1. Leptolepis valdensis, sp. n.; right side view of type specimen, one half nat. size—Weald Clay; Southwater, Sussex. [ Brit. Mus. no, P. 10440.] a, anal fin; br., branchiostegal rays; c., caudal fin; cl., clavicle ; d., dorsal fin ; a., hyomandibular ; op., oper- culum ; plv., pelvic fins ; pop., preoperculum ; pt., post-temporal ; se/., supraclavicle ; sop., suaboperculum. Fig. 2, Ditto; caudal vertebrae of same specimen, nat. size. XVIII.—On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By G. Lewis, F.L.S. Tuis is the thirty-first paper of this series, which dates from the year 1884. In the Histeridz the absence or otherwise of prosternal striz is sometimes of great significance, and serves to distinguish both genera and species. Thus, in Zeretrio- soma the strie are wanting, in Teretrius they are well marked and very useful as specific characters; and in Paromalus, as the genus is now defined, the prosternal keel is marginate— that is, the strie meet at both ends. In Grammostethus, also, the prosternal striw are of importance, as being con- stantly similar in a series of fourteen cognate species, but which possess, however, ¢nter alia, good specific characters. * A.S. Woodward, “ Note on the Affinities of the English Wealden Fish Fauna,” Geol. Mag. [4] vol. iii. (1896) pp. 69-71. + H. KE. Sauvage, “ Noticia sobre los Peces de la Caliza litogréfica de la Provincia de Lérida,” Mem. ‘R. Acad, Cienc, Barcelona, {3} vol. iv. no. 35 (1903), p. 13, pl. ii. fig. 2. me 96 Mr. G. Lewis on But it is necessary to note that in other genera the striz only help to identify certain species. In Plesius and Placodes they can only be used as specific characters. Plesius cossy- phus, Mars., and striatipectus, Lew., are extremely similar, but the latter alone has a bistriate prosternum, and the same differences clearly separate edlipticus, Mars., from javanus, Er. In the genus Placodes, caffer, Er., has striz, and they are wanting in ebeninus, Lew., species which otherwise are superficially very much alike. It is to be regretted that at the present time there are genera which are not well defined, notably Lioderma, Apo- bletes, Phelister, and others, but, as time goes on, with in- creasing knowledge, some future student of the group may see a way to point out some salient characters not at present obvious, and, perhaps, by further subdivision introduce a more intelligent systematic arrangement. Marseul’s monograph will, however, remain the initial work on the family, and the figures of the species, drawn by him at the time of writing his descriptions, are so charac- teristic that they lead generally to the certain identification of the species. But in his time more material was wanted for an efficient classification, and not much advance has been made since for the same reason. List of Genera and Species. Lioderma pervalidum, Blaisdell. Hister similis. Hyposolenus, gen. nov. Microlister Sheppardi. Apobletes peenalis. Margarinotus, Marseul. pumicatus. Carcinops Voulogeri, Théry. Platylister niponensis, Lew. Monoplius Braunsi. Platysoma germanum. Probolosternus brevistrius. Cornillus, gen. nov. Exosternus rufulus. Contipus, Marseul. Reninus Salvini, Lew. Jugrammicus, gen. nov. puncticollis, Zabromorphus ordinarius, Eretmotus planifrons. Coptochilus, Rey. foveisternus, Heterognathus, Rey. Onthophilus niponensis, Hister Marseuli. Lioderma pervalidum, Blaisdell, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 139 (1904). L. 12-16 mill. (absque mandibulis). A series of this Californian species has been sent to me, and I understand that it will be shortly described in America. It is very distinct from yucatecwm, Mars., by its more elongate and parallel outline, by being slightly more convex, by the second dorsal stria being complete, by the elytra being new Spectes of Histeride. 97 sparingly punctured on the apical margin, by the propygidium being wholly punctured-on the disk and not at the sides only, and by the third and fourth abdominal segments being trans- versely punctured. JZ. yucatecum has sometimes, but rarely, the second dorsal stria complete, but this variety was not known to Marseul. HYPOSOLENUS, gen. nov. Body oval or oblong-oval, somewhat convex ; head retrac- tile; mandibles dentate; labrum narrow and _ transverse ; forehead striate; antenna, scape long and bent; thorax transverse, lateral stria strong and abruptly terminating after passing the anterior angle; prosternum bistriate ; meso- sternum with a deep anterior marginal furrow; pygidium convex and closely punctate. The other characters agree with those of Plesius, in which genus the species levigatus, Mars. (type), and levis, bengalensis, and hamatus, Lew., have been hitherto included. Apobletes penalis, sp. n. Ovalis, deplanatus, niger, nitidus; fronte excavata, punctulata ; clypeo transverso, margine late sinuato; pronoto lateribus sub- rugose punctato, stria marginali antice interrupta ; elytris striis dorsalibus 1-3 integris, 3 sinuata, 4 apicali, ceteris nullis ; pro- pygidio punctato in medio excepto ; pygidio toto profunde punc- tato ; mesosterno stria marginali haud interrupta. L, 34 mill. The above is similar to A. cavifrons, Lew., in that the mesosternal stria is complete. A. eacavatus and feriatus, Lew., Schaumi and tener, Mars., belong to the same group, and the six species all closely resemble one another, but in the last four the mesosternal stria is interrupted. The type example of A. ewcavatus has the third dorsal stria interrupted, but in a longer series the stria is complete and in several the pygidium is deeply foveolate on each side at the base. Hab. Andaman Islands. Apobletes pumicatus, sp. n. Oblongo-ovatus, deplanatus, niger, nitidus, antennis pedibusque piceis; fronte plana, haud striata, impunctata; pronoto stria marginali tenuiter impressa, brevi in angulo antico ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4 apicali, dimidiata; propygidio disperse punctu- lato; pygidio basi transversim punctato; prosterno lato haud striato; mesosterno bisinuato, immarginato ; tibiis anticis multi- denticulatis. _ L, 2§ mill. Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 7 98 Mr. G. Lewis on Very similar to A. Marseuli, Lew., and pauperatus, Sch., which together form a local section of the genus in which the head is smooth and without strie, the thorax has a very fine marginal stria close to the edge and confined to the region of the anterior angles, the pygidia are indistinctly punctured, and the prosternum broad and not striate. Specifically pumicatus may be known by its more oblong form and by the third dorsal stria being complete. Hab. Cape S. Juan, Biafra, West Africa. In the Museum of Madrid and my own collection. Platylister niponensis, Lew. There is an example of this species in the Museum of Paris from the island of Kiushiu, and I think it likely that this is the true locality of the species, not Kioto on the main island, as I have recorded it. ‘The last place is very far north for the occurrence in it of a genus which is essentially tropical or subtropical. Platysoma germanum, sp. n. Oblongum, subparallelum, nigrum, nitidum; fronte stria recta, integra ; pronoto stria marginali antice interrupta; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 dimidiatis, suturali brevissima ; mesosternum late emarginatum, stria integra, conspicue impressa; tibiis anticis 4-dentatis. L. 33 mill. Oblong, rather parallel, slightly convex, black and shining ; the head, frontal stria straight anteriorly and complete, surface obscurely punctulate; the thorax punctured laterally, stria continued behind the neck and laterally it is close to edge (differing in this respect from Alewandri, Mars.) ; the elytra, striae 1-3 complete, 4—5 dimidiate, sutural very short and occupying a median position to the fifth stria, the humeral strize are wanting; the propygidium is coarsely punctured, but the punctures are not closely set; the pygidium, the punctures are similar but closer together; the prosternum, keel rather narrow, without striae; the mesosternum widely emarginate, with a well-marked marginal stria; the femora and tibiz are red. Smaller but somewhat similar to P. Alexandrt, Mars. ; the thoracic stria, however, is close to the edge of the thorax laterally and is interrupted behind the neck ; the thorax is punctured at the sides and there is no vestige of a sutural stria in Marseul’s species. Marseul says of P. Alexandri new Spectes of Histeride. 99 that there is a short oblique humeral stria, but this oblique stria, very common throughout this family, is not usually called a “‘ humeral” stria—humeral striz, as usually under- stood, are longitudinal. Hab. Mikindani, E. Africa (Raffray). CORNILLUS, gen. nov. Body oval or oblong-oval; forehead impressed longitu- dinally, stria biarcuate ; thorax, antennal fossa in the anterior angle; elytra, strie fine, crenate, or punctiform ;_ pro- pygidium finely and evenly punctured, binodulose ; _ pro- sternum bistriate ; anterior tibia 4-dentate. This genus has much general similarity to Omalodes ; the species to be included in it are tuberculipygus, Sch., bullatus, tuberculatus, and tuberosus, Lew. Contipus, Marseul, Mon. p. 548 (1853). I propose to include in this genus C. flecuosus, Sch., as the type, because it is the commonest species existing in collec- tions, and digitatus, Mars., with ¢mmarginatus and oblongus, Lew. For the present I would also include the American species, abhorrens, Sch., platanus and subquadratus, Mars. The African species with didymous elytral stria I assign to the new genus below. EUGRAMMICUS, gen. nov. Body oval, more or less convex ; head transverse, man- dibles equal and strongly dentate, labrum short and transverse, frontal strie complete; thorax with two lateral striz; an- tennal fosse are open from below and shallow and somewhat similar to those of Contipus; elytra, striae are wide and shallow, with fine crenate edges (Marseul termed them didy- mous), strize 1-4 complete, 5 and sutural nearly complete, sutural turning outward before the base; pygidia almost impunctate; mesosternum feebly sinuous anteriorly ; tibize dilated, anterior strongly 3-dentate. Other characters similar to those of Contipus. Type, Contipus didymostrius, Mars. The other known species are s¢nwosus (convex), prowimus, and /ractistrius, Lew. (less convex) ; at present only unique examples are in collections, so that it is highly probable the species have secretive and peculiar habits. 100 Mr. G. Lewis on Zabromorphus ordinarius, sp. n. Ovatus, parum convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte irregulariter punc- tata; elytris striis 1-3 dorsalibus integris, 4 antice abbreviata, 5 subobsoleta, suturali fere dimidiata; propygidio pygidioque dense punctatis. L. 6 mill. Oval, rather convex, black and shining; the head irregu- larly punctured, stria complete ; the thorax smooth, with two lateral strie, interstice at and near the anterior angle with a few scratches and punctures ; the elytra, striz, inner humeral strong and abbreviated anteriorly for about one third, 1-3 also strong with fine crenate edges, 4 somewhat similar but finer and but a little longer than the inner humeral stria, 5 very short, apical, and traceable only as punctures, sutural similar to the fourth but apical and not reaching beyond the middle; the pygidia are densely and very evenly punctured ; the mesosternum is very feebly sinuous, with a well-marked marginal stria ; the anterior tibie 3-dentate. The most peculiar characteristic of this species is the sculp- ture of the thoracic interstice. Hab. Fort Salisbury, Matabeleland. MAcROLIsTeR, Lewis, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 145 (1904), = Coptochilus, Rey, L’ Exchange (Lyon), part 14, p- 4 (1888), type Hister major, L.; Pachylister, Lewis, l. c.,= Heterognathus, Rey, l. c., type Hister inequalis, Ol. Rey’s names do not appear in the ‘ Zoological Record’ nor in “ Scudder”’ or any of the later lists of genera; Rey writes of them as “‘ sous-genres,” but they are natural genera, and must be recognized as such. ‘There are some specific names in Rey’s paper also, but they are synonymic and of no importance. As Rey’s lines are very short and have escaped notice for nearly twenty years, I reproduce them :— “61? Hister major, Lin., 4 cause de son labre échancré et des cétés du prothorax densement ciliés-frangés, mériterait de constituer au moins un sous-genre (Coptochilus, Rey).” “1, Hister inequalis, F., en raison de ses mandibules inégales, pourrait également donner lieu & une coupe sous- générique (Heterognathus, Rey).” new Species of Uisteride. 101 This is all; and I regret reinstating names introduced so casually, but the rules of nomenclature apparently demand it *. Lister Marseuli, sp. n. Breviter ovatus, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus ; fronte stria integra, labro trigono ; pronoto stria laterali interna integra basi haud incurvata, externa ante medium abbreviata; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 basi multo abbreviatis ; pygidio levissime punctu- lato; mesosterno margine bistriato ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis. L. 87 mill. Shortly oval, somewhat convex, black and shining; the head, frontal stria complete, labrum triangular; the thorax, outer lateral stria confined to the region of the anterior angle, inner strong and complete, with a rather wide interstice, not incurved at the base, finely crenate behind the neck ; the elytra, striz, subhumeral deep but shortened at both ends, 1-3 dorsal complete, but the third is lightly impressed apically, 4—5 faint, punctiform and well shortened anteriorly, sutural stria discal and bending from the suture at both ends; pygidia somewhat opaque, microscopically punctured, and there is a fine raised exterior margin to the pygidium ; the mesosternum is emarginate, with a stria on each side of the emargination, and behind it, leaving a rather wide margin, is a complete stria which turns to the outer edge at the suture and does not join the metasternal stria; the anterior tibizw are 3-dentate. This species closely resembles 7. adjectus, Mars., but it is less oval and the thoracic stria is not incurved at the base, the pygidia are more minutely punctured, and the meso- sternum has two marginal striz. ister adjectus, Mars., is reported from Natal, and the specimens I have determined as such are from Kamerun and the French Sudan; and I may not know Marseul’s species except from description. Hab. Region of the Upper Congo. The form of the pygidium of the above is similar to the pygidia of Pachylister caffer, Er., ceylanus, Mars., pygtdi- alis, Lew., besides L/ister adjectus, Mars., and others; but this structure does not at present suggest itself to be of generic importance, Hister similis, sp. n. Ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte leviter punctulata, stria * Since writing the above I find that Rey’s names are preoccupied— the first in Hemiptera (1843), the second in Pisces (1854) and in Goleo- ptera (1864). 102 Mr. G. Lewis on integra antice recta; pronoto striis duabus pone oculos coales- centibus, interstitiis pone angulos punctatis ; elytris striis 1-4 et humerali integris, 5 basi abbreviata, suturali magislonga, humerali externa brevissima; propygidio pygidioque dense punctatis ; mesosterno haud sinuato, stria marginali integra; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis. L. 7Z mill, Extremely similar to H. eneus, Lew., but differs in being black and rather less convex. Also there is a fine punctuation only within the stria at the anterior angle, not a band of conspicuous points; the outer humeral stria is median and very short, scarcely more than an elongate puncture, and the pygidia are not quite so densely punctate. Hab. Zambesi River. Microlister Sheppardi, sp. n. Ovalis, parum convexus, niger, nitidus ; antennis pedibusque nigris ; fronte stria transversa in media interrupta, stria anterius arcuata ; pronoto lateribus distinete punctato, stria marginali integra ; elytris striis humeralibus nullis, 1-3 dorsalibus integris, validis, 4 et suturali equalibus antice abbreviatis, 5 dimidiata; pro- pygidio sparse punctato; pygidio fere levi; prosterno bistriato, striis in medio interruptis; mesosterno late emarginato, stria integra ; tibiis anticis 4-dentatis. L. 33 mill. This species is larger than J/. coronatus, Lew., but extremely like it. It differs by its more oval form, by the transverse frontal stria being broken in the middle, by the thorax being more distinctly punctate, by the elytral strie being deeper and distinctly crenate, and the interstice between the first and second striz is markedly wider at the base ; the prosternal stria are interrupted like those of coronatus, and this may prove to be a generic character of many species. In coro- natus the elytral striz are less deep and very feebly crenate ; in both species there is a transverse crenate stria marking the suture of the mesosternum, and laterally it is continued along the metasternum. It is satisfactory to find a second species which possesses the characters on which the genus was lately established; to these characters may now be added the form of the frontal striz and the similarly interrupted prosternal striae. Hab. Beira, Hast Africa (P. A. Sheppard). Several examples. new Species of Uisterides. 103 Marcanrinotus, Marseul, Mon, p. 549 (1853). The species of this genus have open circular antennal fosse, and this structure suggests its position to be near Grammo- stethus and Atholus. 1t cannot remain between Contipus and Lister, where Marseul placed it. Carcinops Voulogert, Théry. In the Catalogue of 1905 I placed this species erroneously in Kissister. Mons. Théry has kindly given me the type example. Monoplius Braunst, sp. n. Orbicularis, convexus, niger, opacus ; fronte plana ; elytris seriebus septem plagarum levium subobsoletis, striis dorsalibus nullis ; prosterno bistriato; metasterno antice foveolato. L. 45-5 mill. Orbicular, convex, black, and opaque; the head, lateral striz reach a little beyond the eye, surface flat and rugosely punctured ; the thorax with three lateral small punctures and one behind the eye (these are seen in other species), surface densely and strigosely punctured; the elytra, strix, outer humeral distinct and complete, inner also complete but less marked and varying in individuals, dorsal obliterated ; the smooth circular spaces, as seen in pinguis, Lew. (pl. xxa. fig. 3, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xi. 1893), are obscured by the dense longitudinal strigosity of the general surface ; the propygidium is densely and longitudinally strigose; the pygidium is punctured on the disk and rather broadly rugose along its base; the prosternum is clearly punctured, keel bistriate, the strie bend towards each other in the middle; the mesosternum, marginal stria complete ; the metasternum has a fovea close to the suture, and there is a more or less deep median linear impression which connects the fovea in the base edge, and sometimes there are two small fovee on the first abdominal segment; the pilosity on the thighs &e. when existing is reddish and always sparse. ‘The female has a very faint longitudinal impression before the apex of the pygidium, but it is only seen in certain lights. The above is somewhat similar in size to stgillatus, Péring., in which, however, the elytral smooth spaces are much more distinct. Hab, Willowmore, Cape Colony. Many examples captured by Dr. H. Brauns, occurring with Llodotermes viator, Latr. (Lavilandi, Sh.). 104 Mr. G. Lewis on Probolosternus brevistrius, sp. n. Ovalis, parum convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte minute punctulata, antice haud impressa, stria marginali integra ; pronoto levissime et sparse punctulato; elytris striis 1-4 integris, 4 basi hamata, 5 dorsali brevissima, suturali dimidiata ; propygidio fere levi. L, 32 mill. Oval, rather convex, black and shining ; the head, marginal stria complete, not impressed; the epistoma, surface very minutely and sparsely punctulate ; the thorax, marginal stria complete, surface sparsely and finely punctured, with an antescutellar fovea ; the elytra, interstices of striz smooth, striz, outer humeral fine, inner humeral and 1-4 dorsal strong and complete, 4 being markedly hamate at the base, 5 is very short and dorsal, being just behind the middle of the disk ; pygidia are almost smooth, but a few fine points are seen in certain lights; the prosternum narrow and bistriate; the mesosternum markedly marginate ; the tibize are dilated. The short discal fifth stria distinguishes this species from the other four at present known. Hab. Sierra Leone. A single example in the British Museum. Exosternus rufulus, sp. n. Oyatus, convexus, nigro-piceus, nitidus; fronte conspicue rugoso punctata; pronoto stria marginali integra; elytris striis tenuiter impressis, margine late rufis; prosterno striis antice conjunctis ; mesosterno parum acuto, marginato ; pedibus rufis. L. 33 mill. Oval, convex, piceous and shining; the head rugosely punctured, especially on the anterior part, marginal stria interrupted in the middle, apparently obliterated by the rugosities ; the thorax, marginal stria complete, surface rather closely punctured at the sides, less and more finely so behind the head, and on the disk nearly smooth ; the elytra somewhat broadly red at the sides and along the apical margin, the outer humeral is complete, inner very short and basal, dorsal 1-4 complete, 5 very short and apical, sutural complete and hamate at the base ; the propygidium is densely punctured ; the pygidium has a fine punctuation at the base and is nearly smooth on the apex; the prosternum, striz widen out slightly at the base, are parallel along the sides, and join, forming an arched outline anteriorly ; the meso- sternum distinctly marginate and somewhat acute in the middle; the legs are red and the anterior tibize are 6-7-dentate. new Species of Uisteride. 105 This is the third species of the genus known. Hab. The Matopo Mountains, Matabeleland (Guy A. K. Marshall). Reninus Salvini, Lew., occurs in the nests of Qeodoma cephalotes, and it is probable that all the species of the genus Tteninus and Discocelis ave formicicolous. piglyptus (Lister) costatus, Mars., also associates with the Gcodoma. _ Reninus puncticollis, sp. n. Breviter ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte depressa, stria angulata; pronoto punctato (basi excepta); elytris striis sub- humerali et 1 dorsali integris, 1-3 postice, 5 et suturali totis punctiformibus ; tibiis extus valde dilatatis. L, 34-33 mill. Shortly oval, convex, black and shining; the head, frontal stria strong and angulate before the eyes, depressed before the epistoma, surface with bowed striz representing incom- plete parts of shallow punctures and set very irregularly ; the thorax, marginal stria very fine and apparently very nairowly interrupted behind the middle of the neck, the inner stria is close to the marginal stria and traceable anteriorly to a point behind the eye, anterior angles obtuse and reddish, surface with coarse punctures, points most dense on the outer part, and the scutellar region is smooth, the basal edge is narrowly and microscopically strigose; the elytra, striz, inner humeral and first dorsal are complete and somewhat carinate on the basal part, 1-3 are abbreviated on or before the middle, but are continued apically by shallow punctures arranged more or less in two rows, the fourth stria is hamate at the base, 5 and sutural are indicated by shallow punctures, the fifth is shortened at the middle, the sutural continues to the base; the pygidia have a shallow sculpture, consisting appa- rently of crescents or half punctures which have an imbricate outline ; the prosternum, lobe somewhat truncate anteriorly and rather strongly marginate, with a few irregular and shallow punctures, surface microscopically strigose, keel bistriate, striae join anteriorly before reaching the suture, the inner stria is abbreviated behind and the interstices of the striae are smooth, the anterior area of the keel has a few irregular punctures somewhat like those of the lobe; the mesosternum, marginal stria very fine, sinuous in the middle, and not very close to the edge, from each basal angle pxo- ceeds a fine bowed stria, unconnected with the lateral striae, and both ends of them turn outwards, the sides are bistriate, 106 Mr. G. Lewis on the strie being also common to the metasternum ; the tibiae are dilated on the outer edge. This species resembles seminitens, Sch., in the punctuation of the thorax and in the punctiform sutural stria. Hab. British Guiana, “ Bartica, Demerara” (2. J. Crew) ; also Cayenne. Eretmotus planifrons, sp. n. Orbicularis, convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte subopaca, immarginata, haud striata ; pronoto basi utrinque foveolato ; elytris striis 1-2 brevibus ; prosterno opaco minutissime rugoso, antice indistincte punctato ; pedibus rufo-piceis. L, 22 mill. Orbicular, convex, black and shining; the head is some- what opaque, being microscopically rugose, very slightly impressed anteriorly, and without a frontal stria; the thorax, stria feebly sinuous before the basal angles, anterior angles not very prominent, less so than those of Lucasz, Mars., and foveo- late at the base close to the outer margin ; the elytra, strie, outer humeral dimidiate, inner complete, 1-2 dorsal basal and very short; the pygidia are finely and somewhat irregularly punctured, the points being most distinct at the bases of the segments; the prosternum, surface opaque and microscopi- cally rugose, with indistinct punctures on the anterior half of the keel, striae rather fine, widely sinuous laterally and widening out anteriorly somewhat similarly, but rather more, to those of corpulentus, Lew. (see figure, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. x. pl. xix. fig. 1, 1892); the mesosternum, marginal stria is very fine and the fovea shallow. Hab. Mount Babor, Algeria (A. Théry). Found with Aphanogaster testaceopilosa. Eretmotus foveisternus, sp. n. Orbicularis, convexus, niger, nitidus ; femoribus nigris, tiblis obscure rufis ; fronte stria laterali carinata; elytris striis 1 integra, 2-3 postice evanescentibus ; prosterno striis antice abbreviatis ; meso- sterno foveis laterali profunde et circulariter excayatis. L. 2} mill. Orbicular, convex, black and shining; the femora are black and the tibize obscurely red; the head, surface opaque, rugosely punctured, sculpture shallow, stria laterally carinate ; the thorax margined laterally, punctured chiefly behind the neck and anterior angles, angles truncate ; the elytra, strie, 1 complete, 2-3 basal and evanescent before the middle, outer new Species of Histeride. 107 humeral carinate and extends beyond the middle, inner com- plete but only carinate at the base; the pygidia are evenly and not densely punctured; the prosternum, striz# sinuous and well-marked, but abbreviated anteriorly before the suture, keel distinctly punctured and obsoletely rugose ; the meso- sternum, lateral foveze are deep and circular and the margin is wider than that of . Leprieuri, Mars. The species of Hretmotus are difficult to differentiate, but the punctuation of the keel, the deep cireular fovez in the mesosternum, and the colour of the legs will distinguish the above from the other two small Algerian species known, viz. carinatus, Lew., and Leprieurt, Mars. Hab. Yakouren, Algeria. There are sixteen species of Hretmotus now known. Onthophilus niponensis, sp. n. Ovatus, niger, subnitidus; fronte leviter concava, clypeo quadrato ; pronoto 6-costato vix dense punctato; elytris 5-costatis, basi in medio foveolatis ; pygidio in medio longitudinaliter costato, dense punctato. L. 22 mill. Oval, black, somewhat shining ; the head slightly concave between the eyes, the clypeus is nearly quadrate, being less widened posteriorly than that of O. globulosus, Ol. ; the thorax is rather densely punctured, lateral margins narrowly and slightly raised, surface 6-costate, outer costa short and near the base, intermediate one third longer and feebly oblique, the two before the scutellum are short, parallel to each other, and clearly separate ; the elytra are 3-costate, the interstices with five fine carinules, and between the third costa and the suture the outer carinules are crenate, at the base of the elytra is a deep fovea between the second and third coste ; the propygidium is densely punctured, with a median longi- tudinal carina. This species closely resembles O. globulosus, F., but it differs by the clypeus being less wide at the base, by the thoracic punctures being closer, smaller, and less deep, and the elytral fovea is conspicuous and occupies the whole breadth of the interstice. As regards the Japanese species, it is most similar to ostreatus, Lew., which is, however, much larger, and the median thoracic costa have appendages behind the neck. Hab. Tokio, Japan. Many specimens in the Museum of Paris and in my own collection. 108 On Two new Freshwater Fishes. XIX.— Descriptions of Two new Freshwater Fishes discovered by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Mossamedes, Angola. By G. A. BouLenGeR, F.R.S. Labeo Ansorgit. Body strongly compressed, its depth equal to length of head and contained 4 times in total length. Head once and 2 as long as broad; snout broad, truncate, feebly projecting, beset with conical horny tubercles; eye nearly perfectly lateral, its diameter 4 times in length of head and once and 2 in interorbital width; width of mouth, with lips, about half that of head; rostral flap not denticulated ; lips bordered with rounded papille, their inner surface with numerous transverse plice ; two barbels on each side, anterior 4, poste- rior 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal IV 10, with concave upper border, a little nearer root of caudal than end of snout, longest ray slightly longer than head. Anal III 5, nearly reaching root of caudal. Pectoral nearly as long as head, not reaching base of ventral, which is below middle of dorsal. Dorsal deeply forked, with acutely pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Scales 36 _ 4 between lateral line and root of ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, back brownish. Total length 65 mm. A single specimen from shallow swamps at Dongwenna. A very distinct species, to be placed between L. barbatus, Blgr., and L. capensis, A. Smith. Paratilapia angusticeps. Depth of body about 3 times in total length. Head very strongly compressed, 23 to 3 times in total length; lower jaw projecting ; preemaxillary processes very long, extending to between the eyes ; snout pointed, twice as long as the eye in the adult (uot longer than the eye in the young) ; eye 3} (young) to 5 times in length of head, its diameter at least equal to interorbital width ; mouth very oblique, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer largest ; scales on cheek small, in 7 to 9 series; large scales on the opercle. Gill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 14-16; spines slightly increasing in length to the last, which measures } to % length of head. Anal JII 11-13; third spine stronger and as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 to 3 length On a new Frog from Mossamedes. 109 of head, not reaching origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 36-39 =; lateral lines 21-24/13-17. Brownish above, yellowish beneath, with dark brown spots or marblings or with 7 or 8 indistinct dark bars on the body; a blackish opercular spot; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins with round brown or blackish spots. Total length 160 mm. Several specimens were obtained by Dr. Ansorge. A specimen measuring 215 mm., from the Zambesi, has been submitted to me by Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist. Closely allied to P. robusta, Gthr. XX.— Description of a new Frog discovered by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Mossamedes, Angola. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S. Rana eryptotis. Tongue rather feebly notched behind. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups between the choanze. Habit very stout. Head short, snout rounded ; interorbital space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum completely hidden under the skin. Fingers short, pointed, first and second equal; toes short, one-third webbed ; subarticular tubercles of toes very prominent, conical; inner metatarsal tubercle very large, very prominent, shovel-shaped, sharp-edged, at least as long as the inner toe ; asmall, round, outer metatarsal tubercle ; a round tarsal tubercle, just below the tibio-tarsal articulation. The tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin smooth. Pale greyish or brownish above, with dark-edged grey or brown spots disposed with greater or less symmetry ; an interrupted dark cross-bar between the eyes ; back some- times with white or pink dots ; a light vertebral streak often present; hind limbs with dark transverse spots, not forming complete cross-bars ; lower parts white. From snout to vent 31 mm, Numerous specimens were obtained by Dr. Ansorge at Catequero, Ponang Kuma (Dongwenna), and in the Kafitu Swamps. ‘The hidden tympanum and the tarsal tubercle well distin- guish this small frog from R&R. Delalandii and other allied species from Africa, 110 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on XXI.—On the African Mungooses usually referred to the Herpestes gracilis Group. By R. C. WrouauTon. THE following notes refer to the section of the Herpestine containing the forms of the small mungoose with a dark tail-tip (usually black, rarely brown). ‘The members of the section are found all over Africa, varying somewhat in size and colour, as was to be expected. The following is a list of the names already given to members of this section, so far as I have been able to ascertain :— 1835. Herpestes sanguineus, Riippell, N. Wirb. Abyss. p. 27. 1835. Herpestes gracilis, Riippell, N. Wirb. Abyss. p. 29. 1835, Herpestes mutgigella, Riippell, N. Wirb. Abyss. p. 29. 1836. Ichneumon ratlamuchi, Smith, App. Rep. Exp.C. Afr. p. 42. 1836. Ichnewmon Cau, Smith, App. Rep. Exp. C. Afr. p. 42. 1836. Cynictis melanurus, Martin, P. Z. 8. p. 36. 1838. Herpestes badius, Smith, Il. Afr. Zool. ii. pl. iv. 1839. Ichneumia nigricaudatus, Geoffroy, Mag. Zool. p. 18. 1847. Herpestes Galiniert, Guérin & Ferret, Galinier, Voy. Abyss. Atlas, Zool. pl. i. 1848. Herpestes ochraceus, Gray, P. Z. S. p. 138. . 1849. Herpestes punctulatus, Gray, P. Z.8. p. 11. . 1850. Herpestes Lefebvrei, Desmurs & Prévost, Lefebvre, Voy. Abyss. Atlas, Zool. pl. 1. . 1852. Herpestes ornatus, Peters, Reis. Moss. p. 117. . 1855, Herpestes ochromelas, Pucheran, Rey. Zool. vii. p. 393. 1861. Herpestes todoprymnus, Heuglin, Noy. Act. Ac. Leop. xxix. . 23. 16. 1864. Hetpanés Granti, Gray, P. Z.S. p. 561. 1864. Calogale venatica, Gray, P. Z. 8. p. 564. . 1877. Herpestes ruficauda, Heuglin, Reis. N.O.-Afr. p. 41. 1877. Herpestes mutscheltschela, Heuglin, Reis. N.O.-Afr. p. 43. . 1894. Herpestes Neumanni, Matschie, SB. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. p. 121. . 1904. Herpestes ochraceus perfulvidus, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 96. 22, 1904. Herpestes ochraceus fulvidior, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 97. 23. 1905. Herpestes Bocaget, Thomas & Wroughton, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. xvi. p. 170. §2 GO NS? OU C9 bo coeell aeell aeee Wet) jae oo a OU ell eel ol ole | bo ee Practically all these forms were described as distinct species, some even as belonging to separate genera. In 1882, in his paper on the African Herpestinz (P. Z.8. p. 59), Mr. Thomas brought all these forms together as varieties of one species, i. e. gracilis, Riipp. In 1898 Mr. de Winton, with increased material to guide him, pointed out that Mr. Thomas’s variety “d”’ must rank as a distinct species on account of differences in skull-characters. At present the African Mungooses. 111 material is at least five times that which Mr. de Winton examined. It divides easily into two groups—a smaller, with a hind foot (cire.) 50 mm. and a skull-length (cire.) 57 mm., and a larger, with a hind foot (circ.) 60 mm. and a skull- length (circ.)62mm. The group of smaller animals subdivides into (1) Mr. Thomas’s variety ‘‘d,’”? that is Mungos ochra- ceus, Gray, with its races; and (2) into a group of which the oldest representative is Cynictis melanurus, Mart. Similarly the larger forms are separable into two groups, viz. a northern, in which the crown and nape are coloured like the back, and a southern, characterized by a tawny suffusion on the head and neck. ‘This colour-pattern is so striking and constant that (combined with the fact that a band across Africa from east to west, in which only a small form is found, separates the habitats of the northern and southern groups) I deem myself justified in ranking this form as a distinct species (or, more correctly, group of species). Key. I. Size smaller ; hind foot (cire.) 50 mm, A. Brain-case swollen anteriorly, postorbital constriction sudden. a, Hairs of body annulated. (Abyssinia.) (1) ochraceus, Gray. 6, Hairs not annulated in dorsal region, which, with tail, is darker than back, RIS OIBEIGI NS Jrcgeles ocr, tgal ot che'ntsys: dae as .... (2) 0. fulvidior, Thos. ce. Hairs of body not annulated. (Somali.) (3) 0. perfulvidus, Thos. B. Brain-case narrowing gradually forward to postorbital constriction. a. Skull larger ; condylo-basal length 60- 62 mm.; zygomatic breadth 33-34. a‘, General colour “burnt umber”; face and crown like body; length c-m' 23mm. (Gold Coast.) .... (4) melanurus, Mart. b'. General colour “burnt umber”; crown black; length c-m! 21-7 mm. (Zanzibar Island.) ........00..5. (5) m. Lasti, subsp. n. b, Skull smaller; condylo-basal length 58- 60 mm. ; zygomatic breadth 29, a‘, General colour yellow ; length e-m!' [ Wr. 20 mm. amcor pi eae (6) m. Bocaget, Thos. & b', General colour drab; length ¢e-m! 21mm. (Cape Verd.).......... (7) m, canus, subsp. n. e. General colour red-umber: length c-m' 20°'7 mm. (Zomba.) ...... (8) m. zombe, subsp. n. II. Size larger ; hind foot (circ.) 60 mm. A. No tawny sulfusion on head and neck. a. Tail-tip chestnut. (Kordofan.)...... (9) sanguineus, Riipp. b, Tail-tip black. a‘, General colour pinkish drab ; hind foot 53 mm, (Abyssinia.) ....., (10) s. gracilis, Riipp. 112 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on &'. General colour brown; hind foot BZ, (Abyssinia.) ...c wapeee (11) s. metgigella, Riipp. ce’. General colour “ seal-brown ”; hind foot 58 mm. (Ruwenzori.)...... (12) s. proteus, Thos. d', General colour “ olive-buff”; hin foot 58 mm, (Fort Hall, B.E.A.) (13) s. wee, subsp. n. B. Tawny suffusion on head, neck, and shoulders, a. Hair not or only obscurely annulated. a. Tail-tip brown. (Ugogo.) ..... . (14) Granti, Gray. &. Tail-tip black. (N.W. Transvaal.) (15) ratlamuchi, Sm. 6. Hair annulated. (S. Africa.) ...... (16) Cauui, Sm. 1. Mungos ochraceus, Gray. 1848. Herpestes ochraceus, Gray, P. Z. 8. p. 138. Gray’s type is in the collection. The following are approximate dimensions :— Head and body 250 mm. ; tail 240; hind foot 48. Skull: condylo-basal length 58; basilar length 53; greatest breadth 31; palate breadth across p* 20; length c-m' 19°6. The skull is recognizable from that of M. gracilis &e. by the inflation anteriorly of the brain-case, recalling somewhat the shape of the quite young skull in both these species. Gray describes the colour as “ Pale brownish yellow, very minutely mixed or punctated with a darker tint.” Hab. Type locality ‘ Abyssinia.” (Type, B.M. no. 44. 7. 30. 44.) §.5.11.3. Near Berbera (Mr. Drake Brockman). 98.6. 9.3. Jefa Muder, Somaliland (Messrs. Hawker & Cheetham). 59.7.9.10. Coast of Africa (Verreauz). 2. Mungos ochraceus fulvidior, Thos. 1904. Herpestes ochraceus fulvidior, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 97. Thomas describes this form as grizzled ochraceous, darker than in the typical form, the median dorsal area unannulated, strong tawny ochraceous, in continuity with the tawny of the tail. Dimensions :— Head and body 250 mm.; tail 240; hind foot 51; ear 26. Skull: condylo-basal length 58; basilar length 53 ; greatest breadth 31; palate breadth across pt 19; length e-m' 20°5. African Mungooses. 113 flab. Type locality Mandeira, Somali. (Type, B.M. no. 97.8.9.7: Dr. Atkinson.) 98.3.9.3. N. Haud, Somali (C. V. A. Peel). 3. Mungos ochraceus perfulvidus, Vhos. 1904, Herpestes ochraceus perfulvidus, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 96. Thomas describes this species as unannulated, “ uniform bright ochraceous on head, body, and outer side of limbs.” Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 275 mm.; tail 220; hind foot 51; ear 25. Skull: condylo-basal length 51:5; basilar length 53:5; greatest breadth 34; palate breadth across p* 19; length c—m* 20. The above measurements of body and tail seem to me to be open to doubt. There is nothing to show that this form differs at all strikingly in size from the two preceding ones. Hab, Type locality Wardair, Somali. (Type, B.M. no. 4.5.9.9: Capt. Dunn.) 7.4.4.1-2. Ber, near Burao, Somali (Ir. Drake Brock- man). 4. Mungos melanurus, Mart. 1836. Cynictis melanurus, Martin, P. Z. S. p. 56. Martin’s description is very meagre, but, besides the actual type, there are several specimens from the same and neigh- bouring localities. The following is a short general descrip- tion of this form :—General colovr “ burnt sienna.” Hairs of back short (10-12 mm. ), ‘‘orange-rufous,” ringed and tipped with black, forming a grizzling which tends to produce trans- verse alternate dark and light bands, this tendency extending much further forward than in the Abyssinian forms, visible even on the neck behind the ears; face the same colour as the back, but much more finely grizzled; tail coloured as back, with the usual black tip. Dimensions :— Head and body 300 mm. ; tail 280; hind foot 53. Skull: condylo-basal length (cire.) 63; basilar length (cire.) 58; zygomatic breadth 34; palate breadth across p* 21; length c—m? 23. Hab. 'Yype locality Sierra Leone. (Type, B.M. no. 55. 12. 24. 229.) 72.2.22.2. Ashanti. 76.10, 28.9. Gold Coast (Col. Strachan). Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 8 114 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on 5. Mungos melanurus Lasti, subsp. n. General colour near *‘ Mars brown,” with the usual black tail-tip. Hairs of back 10-12 mm. long, black, with a lower pale buff and a subterminal tawny ring. Face and crown almost black, very finely grizzled with tawny ; tail coloured like the back, individual hairs 20 mm. long. Dimensions :— Head and body (cire.) 270 mm. ; tail (cire.) 250; hind foot 50; ear 25, Skull: condylo-basal length 62; basilar length 56; zygo- matic breadth (?); palate breadth across p* 21°5; length c—m' 21°7. Hab. Type locality Zanzibar Island. (Type, B.M. no. 6.6. So) 6.6.5.8-16. Zanzibar Island (J. T. Last). 6.6.5. 27-29 (skulls only). Zanzibar Island (J. 7. Last). The black mask is very noticeable; in a series of nine specimens it is absent in only one, in which the face-hairs are markedly longer, more coarsely annulate, and a red- brown is substituted for the usual pale buff. In the general colour there is a strong likeness between M. m. Lasti and M. melanurus of the West Coast, but the black face suffices to distinguish the former. Even the excep- tional individual mentioned above has a quite different look to the minutely but distinctly grizzled mask of M. melanurus. 6. Mungos melanurus Bocagei, Thos. & Wr. Herpestes gracilis punctulatus, Bocage. 1905. Herpestes Boecaget, Thomas & Wroughton, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. p. 170. The general colour is a bright ochraceous, strikingly different from the red-brown and drab of the preceding more northern forms. Dimensions :— Head and body 265 mm.; tail 235; hind foot 52; ear 25. Skull: condylo-basal length (probably circ.) 58; zygo- matic breadth 29; palate breadth across p* 19; length c-m’' 20. Hab. Caconda, Angola. (Type, B.M. no. 5. 5. 9. 13.) 7. Mungos melanurus canus, subsp. n. General colour drab. Hairs of the back 15 mm. long, black, with two cream-buff rings, one of which is subterminal, African Mungooses. 115 leaving only a very short black tip. Face coloured like back, but the grizzling finer ; tail coloured like back. Dimensions :— Head and body (circ.) 260 mm.; tail (cire.) 250; hind foot 52. Skull: condylo-basal length (cire.) 58; basilar length (cire.) 53; zygomatic breadth 29; palate breadth across p’ 19; length c—m’ 21°5. Type (young adult), B.M. no. 72. 12. 12. 5. Hab. Cape Verd. 8. Mungos melanurus zombe, subsp. n. General colour “ raw umber,” with black tail-tip. Hairs of back 10-12 mm. long, dirty white at base, followed by four rings, black and cream-buff alternately, with a black tip, but in avery large proportion of the hairs the subterminal pale ring only gradually darkens to black at the extreme tip. Face darker than back, almost black, very finely grizzled with white; tail and feet coloured like back. Dimensions :— Head and body (cire.) 260 mm.; tail (cire.) 220; hind foot 48; ear 24. Skull: condylo-basal length (cire.) 60; basilar length 55; zygomatic breadth 29; palate breadth across p* 19; length c—m' 20°7. Hab. Type locality Zomba, Nyasa. (Type, B.M. no. 97.10; 1.67.) 93.5.2.2-3. Zomba, Nyasa (Sir H. H. Johnston). 97.10.1.67. Zomba, Nyasa (Sir H. H. Johnston). 9. Mungos sanguineus, Riipp. 1835, Herpestes sanguineus, Riippell, N. Wirb. Abyss. p. 27. This form has hitherto been accepted as a species distinct from M. gracilis. The Natural History Museum has no speci- men from Kordofan, the type locality of AZ. sanguineus, but a specimen from the hills near Suakim can, I believe, be nothing but a form intermediate between JV. gracilis and sanguineus. It is very pale in general colour and the tail-tip is half chocolate-brown and half black. There is a cotype of J. gracilis in the collection, and comparing these two specimens with Riippell’s plate of J. sanguzneus and gracilis, the Suakim individual resembles the figure of J/, sanguzneus quite as much as (if not rather more than) the cotype agrees with that of M. gracilis. In the dimensions recorded by erre there is 116 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on practically no difference between those of these two forms. T have no skull of either typical M. sanguineus or even of the Suakim form which I believe to be closely allied to it. Riippell gives figures of skulls of M/. sanguineus and gracilis, and at first sight the emargination of the lambdoid crest (which he particularly notices in the letterpress) and the almost complete absence of a postorbital constriction in the former seem to point to a fundamental difference in skull-shape between the two forms. An examination of the long series of skulls in the Natural History Museum shows, however, that in this group both these characters merely indi- cate immaturity. I think I am justified in concluding that M. sanguineus and gracilis cannot be specifically separated ; and as M, sanguineus is the earlier name that form must be accepted as the typical one of this group, which extends through the length and breadth of Africa, with no variation other than of size and colour. I follow Riippell in describing M/. sanguineus as “ reddish isabella colour, grizzled with chestnut and with a rust- red tail-tip.” Riippell’s dimensions are based on a quite young individual, and I offer the following (based on adult M. gracilis and the Suakim specimen) as probably those of a normal specimen :— Head and body 300 mm.; tail 325; hind foot 58. Hab. Type locality Kordofan. (?) 6.10. 2.9. Erkowit, Suakim (4%. A. L. Butler). 10. Mungos sanguineus gracilis, Riipp. 1835. Herpestes gracilis, Riippell, N. Wirb. Abyss. p. 29. 1847. Herpestes Galiniert, Guérin & Ferret, Galinier, Voy. Abyss. Atlas, Zool. pl. i. 1850. Herpestes Lefebvret, Desmurs & Prévost, Lefebvre Voy. Abyss. Atlas, Zool. pl. i.* 1855. Herpestes ochromelas, Pucheran, Rev. Zool. vii. p. 393, 1861. Herpestes iodoprymnus, Heuglin, Noy. Act. Ac. Leop. xxix. p. 63. 1861. Herpestes adailensis, Heuglin, Peterm. Geog. Mitth. p, 17. Riippell describes the colour of his type as ‘ cinereo flavicans”’ and ‘‘ gelb grau,” but I think the term “ pinkish drab” used in my key gives a much better idea both of a cotype in the collection and of the animal represented in Riippell’s plate. Riippell’s description is evidently based on a young individual and the cotype mentioned above is also * This is the name given in the index to the Atlas, but at the foot of the plate itself is printed “ Herpestes gracilis.” : 4} | . ee African Mungooses. 17 young. ‘The proportionally long tail is specially mentioned by Riippell. Dimensions :— Head and body 300 mm. ; tail 340; hind foot 58. Skull: condylo-basal length 62; basilar length 37 ; zygo- matic breadth 82; palate breadth across p* 20; length c-m' 21°5. Hab. Type locality near Massowa, Abyssinia. (Cotype, B.M. no. 163 a.) 69. 10. 24.11. Soaroo, Abyssinia (W. 7. Blanford). 69. 10. 24. 18. Adigrat, Tigre, Abyssinia (W. T. Blanford). 69. 2.2.6. Abyssinia. Purchased. 6. 11. 1.17. L. Zuai, Abyssinia (Zaphiro, H. N. McMillan). flerpestes Galiniert is from the figure plainly a very young MM. gracilis. Mr. Thomas has quite recently made a special examination of all the specimens in the Paris Museum and assures me that the animal figured by Desmurs and Prévost as H. gracilis, on which both the names Lefebvret and ochromelas were based, is a pale example of JZ. s. gracilis, in spite of the resemblance that the figure bears to M. ochraceus. 11. Mungos sanguineus mutgigella, Riipp. 1835. Herpestes mutgigella, Riippell, N. Wirb. Abyss. p. 29. 1839, Ichneumia nigricaudatus, Geoffroy, Mag. Zool. p. 18. 1877. Herpestes mutscheltschela, Heuglin, Reis. N.O.-Afr. p. 43. Riippell defines M. mutgigella as “ blackish umber-brown.” There is considerable individual variation in the extent to which the body-hairs are annulated. In a cotype from near Masowa all annulation is completely absent, while in a specimen from Hrythrea almost all the hairs are annulated, though very coarsely. In all cases, however, it would seem that annulation of the hairs is absent on the tail. The form is rather larger than typical JZ. sanguineus and has a rather markedly short tail. Dimensions as follows :— Head and body 350 mm.; tail 820; hind foot 62. Skull: condylo-basal length 65; basilar length 60; zygomatic breadth 34 ; palate breadth across pt 21; length c-m' 23. Hab. Type locality Dembea and Simen Dists., Abyssinia. (Cotype, B.M. no. 164 a.) 46.6. 15.37. Abyssinia. 118 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on 69. 10. 24. 12. Adigrat,. Tigre, Abyssinia (W. T. Blanford). 3.12.5. 2-3. Chadi Saati, Erythrea (Schrader). 12. Mungos sanguineus proteus, Thos. 1907. Mungos gracilis protets, Thos. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 119. A very variable form, much subject to melanism. Mr. Thomas describes the colour as ranging from “ grizzled tawny ochraceous” to ‘ blackish bistre.” The recorded dimensions are :— Head and body 306 mm.; tail 260; hind foot 59; ear 25. Skull: condylo-basal length 61; basilar length 56 ; zygo- matic breadth 30°5; palate breadth across p* 19°5; length c—m! 21°7. Hab. Type locality Ruwenzori. (Type, B.M. no. 6. 12. 4. 35.) 6. 12. 4. 31-36. Ruwenzori. 13. Mungos sanguineus ibew, subsp. n. Size about as in AZ. s. mutgigella; general colour ‘‘ olive- buff.” Hairs of back 15-20 mm. long, black, with subbasal and subterminal rings bright buff, each 2-3 mm. wide; grizzling of back, as in all tie preceding forms, tending to assume transverse dark stripes on hinder back and flank ; head and feet more finely, tail more coarsely grizzled ; hairs of latter, 25-30 mm. long, each with three or four buff rings. Skull distinctly longer than in any of the preceding forms, the extra length almost wholly behind postorbital constriction. Dimensions of the type specimen :— Head and body 330 mm.; tail 300; hind foot 60; ear 26. Skull: condylo-basal length 67; basilar length 62; zygomatic breadth 35; palate breadth across p* 22; length c—m' 23°5. Hab. Kikuyu, British East Africa. (Type, adult ?, B.M. no. 4,12.6.7. Collected by S. L. Hinde, Esq., at Fort Hall, British East Africa.) Like the other forms it seems that MZ. s. chee has a tendency to melanism, though much less so than in JZ. s. mutgégella or s. proteus. Of the two specimens taken at the same place by Mr. Crawshay, one is quite normal; in the other the width of the buff rings is much reduced everywhere, while on the face and along the median dorsal line they are absent. African Mungooses. 119 .6, Machakos (f, J. Jackson), Al. Lé, Galaland (Lord Delamere). 1-2. Roromo, Kikuyu (2. Crawshay). .8. British East Africa (Lord Delamere). 3. Fort Hall, B.E.A. (8, ZL. Hinde). Fort Hall, BELA. (S. L. Hinde). .2. Fort Hall, B.E.A. (8S. Z. Hinde). . 3-4. Fort Hall, B.K.A. (S. L. Hinde). 1.5.11-12. Fort Hall, B.E.A. (2. Meinertzhagen). bo a" bo bo ) ANDO? re ct pale A ‘ae aan Praag FE wwMoofo~ load § =" m DO » or 14. Mungos Grantt, Gray. 1864. Herpestes Granti, Gray, P. Z. 8. p. 561. alg ae ‘pestes Neumanni, Matschie, SB. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. P Matschie’s J. Newmanni is from Ugogo, and is therefore a topotype of Granti, Gray, and a comparison of Gray’s type with Prof. Matschie’s description of MZ. Newmanni shows that without doubt they are the same form. General colour ochraceous, all the hairs on the median line from nose to tail tipped with tawny ; tip of tail chestnut. Dimensions :— Head and body (circe.) 320 mm.; tail (circ.) 270; hind foot 58; ear 25. Skull: condylo-basal length 63; basilar length 58 ; zygo- matic breadth 30; palate breadth across p* 21°5; length c—m' 22. Hab. Type locality Mgunda Mkali. (B.M. no. 63.7.7, 18, Capt. Speke.) 15. Mungos ratlamuchi, Sm. 1886, Ichneumon ratlamuchi, Smith, App. Rep. Exp. C. Afr. p. 42. 1838. Herpestes badius, Smith, Il. Zool. S. Afr. pl. iv. «* Above chestnut, deepest on the head, neck, and tail; the hair of the back ringed with dull yellow, that of first half of tail with brown and yellow; tip of tail deep black.” This is Smith’s description of MZ. ratlamucht. In his description of M. badius he substitutes “ bright bay ” for ‘‘ chestnut,” and mentions the black annulations of the hairs of the head and neck which cause the deepening of colour noted in his first description. Both descriptions apply to the type specimen in the Museum Collection. Dimensions :— Head and body 300 mm.; tail 290 ; hind foot 58 ; ear 25. Skull : condylo-basal length 63 ; basilar length 58; zygo- 120 On African Mungooses. matic breadth 33; palate breadth across p* 20°5; length c—m! 21°5. Hab. Type locality (of M. ratlamucht) “between Latakoo and the Tropic” ; (of AZ. badius) “ between Old Latakoo and Karichane, 120 miles eastward.” (Type, B.M. no. 46.6.1.14.) 16. Mungos Cauui, Sm. 1836. Ichneumon Cauui, Smith, App. Rep. Exp. C. Afr. p. 42. 1849. Herpestes punctulatus, Gray, P. Z. 8. p. 11. 1852. Herpestes ornatus, Peters, Reise Moss. p. 117. 1864, Calogale venatica, Gray, P. Z. S. p. 563. I have been able to examine about 40 specimens from localities spread over 10° of longitude and 15° of latitude, and I have to confess that I cannot differentiate any of them as even racially distinct from the rest. It is true that a series from Matabeleland is on the average paler than the rest, as a series from Mashonaland and the Zambesi basin is somewhat redder, but single individuals could be picked from other localities which are quite as pale or as red. It is to be regretted that Smith’s name Cawwz is the oldest, it was given to a young specimen from the neighbourhood of the Kalahari Desert, a quite extreme example of the pale desert type. Peters’s M. ornatus is also based ona quite young specimen * ot a darker redder type, while Jl. punctulatus, Gray, un- doubtedly represents the normal form. The general colour is hard to describe, it is some shade of drab tinged with greenish, having in all cases a greater or less suffusion of reddish on the loins and rump. Dimensions :— Head and body 300 mm.; tail 275; hind foot 58; ear 25. Skull: condylo-basal length 65 ; basilar length 60; zygo- matic breadth 83-35 ; palate breadth across p* 20-23 ; length c—m* 22. flab. Type locality Currichaine (N.W. Transvaal). 45.4, 4.2. Durban, Natal. (Type of H. punctulatus, Gray.) 5. 3.8.13. Illovo, Natal (Atudd Collection). 4.12.3. 36-38. Umvalosi, Zululand (Rudd Collection). 4.5. 1.33-36. Htshowe, Zululand (Rudd Collection). A. 9.1, 32-34. Zuurbronn, KE. Transvaal (Rudd Collection). * Peters’s figure of the skull of MW. ornatus shows all the sutures which are only visible in youth. A specimen in the collection from the Zambesi not far from Tette, the type locality of M. ornatus, answers both in dimensions and colouring to Peters’s description ; itis quite young: an older specimen from the same locality is identical with other S. African individuals in dimensions and colour-pattern. On the Armenian Wild Sheep. 121 98.4.4.13. Krugersdorp, West Transvaal (H. P. Thomasset). 46.6.2.23. Mohopaui Berg, Bechuanaland. 97.1.4.1-4. Matabeleland (/, C. Selous). 99.2.23,1. Ngamiland (Capt. Lugard). 93.11.21.1. De Kaap (Dr. P. Rendall). 6. 4. 8. 31-36. Woodbush, N.W. ‘l'ransvaal (Rudd Collection). 5.12.9.19-20. Klein Letaba, N. ‘Transvaal (Hudd Collection). 6.8.2.49. Legogot, N.E. Transvaal (Rudd Collection). 6.4.7.1. Sabi River, N.E. Transvaal (J. S, Hamilton). 7.3. 25.4. Salisbury, Mashonaland (Guy Marshall). 97.1.4.5. Salisbury, Mashonaland (Ff. C. Selous). 99.8.3.4. Mashonaland (Boyd Alexander). 7.1.11.21. N. Rhodesia (S. A. Neave). 1.6.26.2. Pasa (Col. Manning). 97.10.1.66. L. Nyasa (Sir H. Johnston). XXII.—The Name of the Armenian Wild Sheep. By R. LyDEKKER. CONSIDERABLE diversity of usage prevails among naturalists with regard to the scientific name of the Armenian wild sheep, some writers adopting Ovis Gmelini, Blyth (1840), while others prefer Ovis orientalis. When the latter name is used the authority is generally given as G. F. Gmelin, ‘ Reise, vol. ii, p. 486 (1784); but the animal is there referred to merely as ‘das orientalische Schafe,” which is, of course, not a technical name. On the other hand, in Brandt and Ratzeburg’s ‘Getreue Darstellung und Beschreibung der Thiere, etc.,’ Berlin, 1829, p. 54, pl. ix. fig. 1, we find the wild sheep of the “‘ Ceraunian Mountains” of Persia described and figured as Ovis musimon, var. ortentalis; and this name, moditied to QO, orientalis, consequently stands. It may be added that the work in question is really composed of extracts from ‘ Medizinische Zoologie,’ a serial of which the first volume, containing the name in question, appears to have been published in 1827. As to the ‘‘ Ceraunian Mountains” of Persia, I take it that this must be an application of the name in a sense avalogous to that in which the term “ Alps” is often used, seeing that the Ceraunian or Acroceraunian Mountains are 122 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and in Albania. It probably refers to the south side of the Elburz range. To the sheep of this locality I have given (1905) the name Ovis Gmelini Erskinet, but this will now have to give way to O. orientalis typica, while the Armenian race will have to be called O. orientalis Gmelint, Blyth’s specimens having come from Erzerum. XXIUI.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XVI. By 'T. D. A. CockERELL, University of Colorado. Osmia Bennette, sp. n. 3d .—Length about 9 mm. Very brilliant, shining, Awgochlora-green, with coppery and golden tints on the face and mesothorax, and a certain amount of golden lustre on the abdomen; antenne entirely black, not moniliform ; clypeus with long white hair; hair of front, vertex, and thorax above yellowish white or pale yellowish, without any admixture of dark hairs except a very few about the ocelli; tegule brilliant green. Wings clear, the apical margin a little dusky. Legs green, with mostly pale hair, but some dark, e. g. the middle tibia has dark hairs intermixed, and the middle basitarsus has much black hair. Dorsal hair of abdomen partly light and partly black, the black prevailing posteriorly ; apex of sixth segment very feebly notched; seventh bidentate; venter with strong blue or purple tints. From O. gaudiosa, Ckll., this is easily known by its larger size and the conspicuous black hair of the hinder part of the abdomen. ‘The size and green tegule suggest affinity with O. Bruneri, Ckll., but I do not think it can be the male of that insect, the colour of the pubescence being so entirely different. ‘The quite different colour of the tegument is not so important, as that may differ sexually in Osmia, e. g. in QO. versicolor, Latr. From O. bella, Cress., it is readily known by the absence of dark hair on the thorax above. The width of the abdomen is 3 mm., thus much broader than O. fulgida, Cress. Hab. Campus of University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Yaravacum taraxacum, May 8, 1907 (Mrs. C. Bennett). Records of Bees. 123 Osmia Edne, sp. n. ? .— Length about 7 mm. Very brilliant golden-green, a little reddish on second abdominal segment; hair of head and thorax above long, pale ochraceous, with no dark hairs intermixed; on clypeus the hair is yellowish white; flagellum ferruginous beneath, not moniliform ; mesothorax densely rugoso-punctate ; tegule brilliant green. Wings dusky hyaline. Legs green, with yellowish-white hair; hind fernora almost black behind. Abdomen subglobose, with the hair entrely pale yellowish or yellowish white ; sixth segment with a minute feeble notch ; seventh strongly notched rather than bidentate. Hab. Campus of University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Taraxacum taraxacum, May 9, 1907 (Miss Edna Baker). The following table separates this species from some other bright green males :— Posterior part of abdomen dorsally with some or much: black Warr’: /si76 larger a s.5 + soe 0c tenis 1. Posterior part of abdomen dorsally with wholly light HIER ST BIZ REBGLLOD <89 ae ett a veel ata « Gee © were 2. 1, Hair of thorax above with some dark hairs inter- PURO Por batners sat taaniiaist Abe viovefale nie siSiale nae os bella, Cresson. Hair of thorax above without dark hairs intermixed. ennette, Ckli. 2, Size smaller; pubescence white; abdomen dullish, Ml SUIBIN PV SOLICTE 5 os cleric civic sities see we mart gaudiosa, Ckll. Size larger; pubescence very yellow; abdomen brilliant, shining golden... sic .e00s sje seen dsb Edne, Cx. Osmia leonis, sp. n. ?.—Length about 114 mm. Head and thorax partly dark green, partly black ; abdomen shining dark blue; legs black; ventral scopa black ; cheeks normal. Head ordinary, with large strong punctures ; man- dibles tridentate, the apical tooth long and falciform, the second triangular and sharp, the third a long undulating ridge; anterior part of clypeus purple-black, this colour extending also up the middle; edge of clypeus straight, but at the middle next to the edge there is @ transversely oval shining pit of quite large size; supraclypeal region with a shining green mark like an inverted V; antenne entirely black, comparatively short. Hair of clypeus, lower sides of face, and cheeks black; of front black and pale ochreous mixed ; of vertex mostly black, but of occiput pale ochreous, extending forward over ocelli; hair of pleura black, but of 124 Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and thorax above light ochreous, with black hair sparsely inter- mixed on scutellum and hind part of mesothorax ; tegule black. Wings clear in the middle, but with the hind margin broadly and very distinctly infuscated ; a very dark streak in upper part of marginal cell. Hair of legs black, dark reddish on inner side of tarsi: Abdomen short and convex, shining dark blue, with slight crimson or purple tints on second and third segments : hair of first segment pale except at extreme sides ; of second black at extreme base, at sides, and apex, but long and pale on disk; remaining segments with black hair, In my table of Boulder County Osmta (Univ. of Colo. Studies, ined.) this runs to O. nigrifrons and O. gaillardia, resembling tle latter in superficial appearance (especially the shining abdomen), but differing in the colour of the pubes- cence, the clypeal pit, &c. The second r. n. joins the second s.m. nearer its end in gazl/ardie than in leonts. In gail- lardie the little brushes of hair from beneath the clypeus are yellow; in deonts they are pure black. From nigrdfrons the new species is more easily separated; among other things the punctures of the face are finer and smaller in nigrifrons than in deonts. There is evident affinity with O. juata, Cresson, but the admixture of black hair on the thorax above and the light hair on second abdominal segment, as well as the clypeal pit, should suffice to distinguish deonzs from that insect. Hab. Campus of University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Taraxacum taravxacum, May 8 (Edna Baker). On the hair of the abdomen were some mites of the genus Trichotarsus, which Mr. N. Banks says are T. osmia, Dutf., or more probably a new species allied to it. Osmia integrella, sp. n. (possibly untversitatis var.) 3 .—Length 10 or 11 mm. Steel-blue, with the head and thorax above, the first abdo- minal segment, and a strong tinge or suffusion on the apical part of the other segments green; hair Jong, the pale hair white, not ochreous, no admixture of black hair on head and thorax above, except that some black hair on upper part of cheeks has a few outlying hairs on extreme sides of vertex; cheeks with hair white, but some black behind and above. Antenne black, flagellum not moniliform; clypeus normal ; pleura with white hair except on posterior margin, starting with a patch just beneath wings, where it is. black; extreme sides of metathorax with black hair; tegule green in front. Wings little dusky. Legs black, not at all metallic, their Records of Bees. 125 hair largely black, but some pale on middle and hind femora, and long and mainly pale on anterior femora and tibix behind. First two abdominal segments with long white hair, some black at extreme sides of first segment, and short black hair along extreme base of second; third with mixed black and pale; the other segments nearly all black; in certain lights there is a strong suggestion of pale hair-bands; sixth segment quite entire; seventh with a pair of comparatively short teeth, wide apart; first ventral segment entire, third deeply emarginate, the emargination ciliate with reddish. The second and third joints of middle tarst have a strongly swollen or inflated appearance. ‘Vhird antennal joint shorter than fourth. Spurs normal. ‘This must be closely allied to O. integra, Cress., which I know only from the description ; but it is smaller, the hair not (or barely) ochreous-tinted above, the legs apparently with more pale hair ; the abdomen with more pale hair; and the fringe on middle of third ventral segment can hardly be said to be long and golden. Cresson also makes no allusion to any peculiarity of the middle tarsi of zntegra, though in the species described just before he describes and figures tarsal structures. It does not fitinto any of the Robertsonian subgenera. In my table of Boulder County species O. integrella runs nearest to O. viridior, or, perhaps, to cyaneonitens. The three are readily separated thus :— Larger ; hair on anterior tibies behind dense, rather short, and wholly black, contrasting with the long white Ha on their femora behind... 2.2.05. .ccssvccness viridior. Smaller; hair on anterior tibiee behind long and mainly MUI gteGaes siRip Adis ate: wddscs 5 ch vtvelbes tid’e Walele o are obs 3 entegrella. Size about as in integrella, but very different by the dark purple-blue abdomen, without conspicuous light hair, much larger head and broader face, notched sixth BOMEMGM Dy MUCH teh tee cee: verdes veces aaa trate ». eyaneonitens. The face of ¢ntegrella is rather unusually narrow, the eyes converging below, and is densely covered with white hair. O. universitatis, Ckll., has the same type of coloration and the same sort of middle tarsi as integrella; but it is smaller than the latter and has not the conspicuous black hair on the sides of the thorax posteriorly or on thecheeks. In universi- tatis the middle femora and tibia have the hair behind brilliant white, with some black intermixed; in ¢ntegrella this hair is black, with a few glittering white hairs. The two are obviously of the same immediate group, but apparently not varieties of a single species. 126 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and The stipites of O. ¢ntegrella are divided at the end into a brush of black hairs and a divergent long, linear, corneous process. Metinas Hab. Campus of University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Taraxacum taraxacum, May 8 (Edna Baker). Osmia Ramaley?, sp. n. $ .—Length about 7} mm. Head olive-green, the front almost golden; thorax above yellowish green, at sides bluish green; the metathorax blue, contrasting with the green scutellum and_ postscutellum. Abdomen a sort of Prussian green or greenish blue. Legs greenish blue, but the anterior legs black in front; tegule green. Wings clear, with only a very faint duskiness, the hind margin no darker than the rest. Hair of head and thorax long and white (not ochreous above), very dense on face ; no dark hairs anywhere; hair of legs white, fulvous on inner side of tarsi; middle tarsi rather long, slender, the joints normal. Antenne black, the flagellum not moniliform ; third joint shorter than fourth. Abdomen rather coarsely sculptured; hind margins of segments concolorous with the rest ; sixth segment with a broad, very shallow emargination ; seventh strongly bidentate; first ventral truncate. Hair on abdomen above white, without any black. In the table of Boulder County species this runs to O. proxima, Cresson, which is, however, much smaller and otherwise different. There is a good deal of resemblance to O. atriventris, Cress., but the green tegulee and the structure of the sixth abdominal segment are distinctive. O. Wheeleri has the legs much less metallic, the tegule reddish in the middle, and, especially, the teeth of the seventh abdominal segment very much larger and triangular. Hab. Campus of University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Taraxacum taraxacum, May 10 (Edna Baker). Named after Professor Francis Ramaley, of the University of Colorado, in recognition of his work on the natural history of Colorado. Since the above was written, on May 21, Mrs. C. Bennett has taken at Boulder 2 2 and 1 ¢ of O. Ramaleyi, all at flowers of Astragalus goniatus, Nuttall. The male is exactly like the type, except that the first ventral segment is very distinctly emarginate. This character is considered by Robertson to be of generic value, but after minutely com- paring every part of the two bees I am sure that they are of the same species. The female has an orange scopa and is Records of Bees. 127 almost exactly like O. hypochrysea Rohwert, Ckll., except that the clypeus is quite normal (not quadridentate) and the disk of the mesothorax is very much more densely punctured. The legs are blue. This certainly belongs to the subgenus Xanthosmia, but it is not Robertson’s X. cordata, being much smaller, with the third antennal joint in the male nearly as long as the fourth. O. iridis from New Mexico, which also has the first ventral segment (3) emarginate, is easily separated from O. Ramaleyi by its larger size and the character of the hair on the abdomen. Osmia olivacea, Ckll. This was described from a male, but Mrs. C. Bennett has taken a female at Boulder, May 21, 1907, at flowers of Astragalus goniatus. It is a remarkably fine insect, coloured like the male, but nearly 12 mm. long, very robust, the ventral scopa black ; coarse black hair on the clypeus, but pale ochreous on sides of face, and these colours mixed on front; hair of thorax above as in male; hair of pleura pale ochreous, rather scanty; clypeus normal; mandibles _ tri- dentate, but the inner tooth broad and notched; legs black, not metallic. The abdomen is a very beautiful deep oliva- ceous green, with some slight crimson stains. Also at the Astragalus goniatus, on the same day, Mrs. Bennett took two females of Osmia nigrifrons, Cresson, variety, and one of O. coloradella, Ckll. Celiozys Porter, Ckll. Mr. N. Banks sends me a @? of this New Mexico species, which he took at Falls Church, Virginia, July 2l1—a most unexpected extension of range. Melissodes Boltonie, Robertson. Falls Church, Virginia, August and September (JV. Banks). Very like M. perplexa, but smaller. Differs from JM. dllata by the smaller average size, band on middle of second abdo- minal segment entire or almost, and tuft on end of hind femora pale. Melissodes manipularis, Smith. Falls Church, Virginia, 2 ¢, one from flowers of Fupa- torium, Sept. 4 (V. Banks). Much like J, trinodis, but differs by the black hair on 128 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Desecriptions and middle of thorax above. Smith does not mention this hair, but I have examined his type. Melissodes nivea, Robertson. Falls Church, Virginia, 4 g, Sept. 4 and 8 (1. Banks). Andrena nigra, Robertson. Boulder, Colorado (Rohwer). New to Colorado. At Boulder, on May 22, 1907, Mr. Rohwer took females of three species of Andrena, all having red abdomens, at the flowers of Salix luteosericea, Rydberg. These, upon examination, prove to be A. nigra, Robertson, A. Marie, Robertson, and A. erythrogastra (Ashmead). The known range of nigrw is extended about 800 miles westward. Andrena saccharina, sp. n., Cockerell and Rohwer. g .—Length about 8 mm. Black, with greyish-white hair, not nearly dense enough on thorax above to hide thesurface. Head rather large, quadrate, facial quadrangle much broader than long; front with coarse vertical striz ; cheeks broad, with the rounded posterior angle a little above level of middle of eye. Antenne long, third joint longer than fourth, but a trifle shorter than 4+ ; flagellum very obscurely brownish beneath, the middle joints longer than broad. Mandibles strongly grooved, bidentate, the apex reddish ; process of labrum broadly rounded, not at all emarginate ; malar space large and shining ; clypeus much produced, mainly light yellow, with strong but very sparse punctures ; the yellow is invaded by black above and below, so that its lower margin is convex (the apical margin of clypeus being black) and its upper part is notched above and deeply on each side; mesothorax and scutellum dull, minutely tessellate, with sparse feeble punctures ; area of metathorax merely roughened, scarcely defined; tegulse dark in front, shining brown behind. ‘Wings yellowish, iridescent, stigma (of normal size) and nervures ferruginous; second s.m. narrow, receiving the r.n. near its middle. Legs black, with light hair, Abdomen with asericeous surface, not punctured, the hind margins of the segments obscurely reddish, and with very thin, not conspicuous, bands of white hair. On account of the produced clypeus and large malar space this is related to A. leptanthi, V. & C., but it is a very distinet Records of Bees. 129 species. It was given to me by Mr. 8. A. Rohwer, who had already studied it and determined that it was new. Hab. Sugar Loaf Mountain, Boulder County, Colorado, 8500 ft., May 18, 1907, at flowers of Arctostaphylos uva-uast. Collected by Miss Edna Baker. Perdita quadrangularis, sp. n. 3 .—Length 4 mm. In my tables of Perdita runs to P. spheralcee, of which it looks like a small edition. From P. ertgeronis it is easily known by the pallid nervures and the coloration of the abdomen. The face-markings are of a chrome-yellow instead of lemon-yellow, but otherwise agree, as do all the other markings of the head, with spharalcee. The face below the antennz is ail yellow, the lateral marks being large and quadrangular, ending on the orbital margin at an angle of about 45°. Antenne chrome-yellow, the first four or five joints black-spotted above. ‘Thorax, legs, and wings essen- tially as in spheralcee, but margin of stigma yellowish. Abdomen with the venter yellow, as in spheralcee, but on the dorsum the dark colour is reduced, the general effect being that of equally broad light and dark bands, with the apical segments a sort of yellowish ferruginous. The thorax has much white hair. Hab. Alamogordo, New Mexico, May 15, about eighty-five specimens (/7/. L. Viereck). P. spheralcee does not appear on the wing until long after midsummer. Perdita Viereckt, sp. n. The female runs in the tables of Perdita to male P. tarda, the male to P. exclamans. Both sexes were taken in large numbers ; otherwise one would suspect the insect to be a variety of P. eaclamans, to which it is very closely allied. 9 .—Length about 43 mm, Differing from exclamans as follows :—Size smaller ; abdomen above piceous, with the yellow markings reduced to a variable series of spots occupying the middle of the segments; thus the first segment may have a pair of dots or no light marks at all; the second may have a large quad- rangular pale yellow patch or a yellow band on the middle third; the third segment, and also the fourth, may be more or less banded, the band in no case approaching the lateral margin; or the fourth and fifth may each have a couple of spots ; thus the abdominal markings are extremely variable, fod Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. y 130 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and but in all cases the colour is very different from that of exclamans, which has broad yellow bands, mostly reaching the lateral margins. 3 .—LEssentially as in exclamans, but the head-like ex- tension of the yellow above the antennz in middle line is much smaller, and the yellow patch on the pleura does not send a band to the middle coxe. Hab. Alamogordo, New Mexico, April 26 to May 19, about 110 specimens (H. L. Viereck). Although this series is manifestly distinct from P. eacla- mans, some of the specimens show more or less evident transitional characters, suggesting that the insect should perhaps take only subspecific rank. This is one of those cases, of which we now know several in Perdita, which promise to yield facts of extreme interest to the evolutionist when carefully studied in the field. Perdita phacelie, Ckll. Alamogordo, New Mexico, May 13 and 15 and June 6, 33 specimens (/7. L. Viereck). I have compared the Alamogordo specimens with cotypes of phacelie and cannot see any difference. The latter, however, were taken early in September. . Are we to suppose that this species winters over in the adult state, or is it double-brooded? The small size and dull mesothorax readily separate this from P. enetfrons. Perdita pectidis, Ckll. This also has been known as an autumn species, flying in September. Mr. Viereck took at Alamogordo, April 24 and May 3, a series of about 65 specimens, which exhibit much variation, but do not seem to be separable from P. pectidis. In the female the clypeus may be three-spotted or may lack the middle spot, and even the lateral spots may be very small. The banding of the abdomen varies from a couple of dots only to well-developed bands. In general, however, the insect agrees excellently with pectidis, and I do not think it possible to regard it as distinct, Perdita chamesarache, Ckll. Highrolls, New Mexico, June 11, 1902 (HZ. L. Viereck). This species was found flying at Albuquerque and Santa Fé in August. Records of Bees. 131 Perdita Rehni, sp. n. ? .—Length about 44 mm. In the table of New Mexico Perdita runs to P. pallidior, but is easily distinguished from that species by the smaller size, much darker abdomen, colour of antenne, &c. Head and thorax yellowish green, the mesothorax dullish (not brilliantly polished, as it is in many species) ; head small ; front shining green ; clypeus and supraclypeal area purplish black ; the only pale face-marks are the small L-shaped pale yellowish lateral marks, which send a very fine broken line up the orbital margin to a little above level of antenne. Mandibles whitish ; cheeks dark, with white hair. Antenne dark above, pale yellowish beneath, the dark more prominent than the light; border of prothorax and tubercles light yellow; pleura all dark. Anterior legs entirely light yellow, or the femora may have a brown patch, and the tibiz a line, behind ; middle femora all light yellow, but the tibize mainly brown on outer side and the tarsi somewhat darkened ; hind femora with the apical half above dark brown and their tibize and tarsi brown; nervures colourless, but stigma margined with brown; marginal cell with the substigmatal portion much the longest ; third discoidal distinct. Abdomen above dark brown, the first segment with a transverse light yellow discal mark ; segments 2 to 4 each witha basal light yellow band, but the bands on 3 and 4 may be nearly concealed by the retraction of the segments, giving the appearance of a one-banded abdomen ; fifth segment, apex, and ventral surface reddish yellow. Sometimes the fifth segment has a very broad yellow band on a dark ground, or it may be all dark. Hab. Alamogordo, New Mexico, June 9, 1902 (H. ZL. Viereck). Named after Mr. Rehn, the well-known orthopterist and mammalogist, who was Mr. Viereck’s companion on the 1902 expedition. Prosopis Cressont, n. n. Prosopis pygmea, Cresson, Proc, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. xii, (1869) p- 272 (Lllinois).—Not P. pyymea, Schenck, 1853. Nomada flavoguttata Alfkent, n. n. Nomada pygmea, Schenck, Berlin. ent. Zeits. xviii. (1874) p, 342.— Not N. pygmea, Cresson, 1863, Q* 132 Dr. F. D. Godman on American Megachile Grantiana, n. n. Megachile punctatissima, W. F. Kirby, Bull. Liverp. Mus. iii, (1900) p. 20.—Not of Spinola, 1806. Hab. Sokotra (Ogilvie- Grant and Forbes). L informed Mr. Kirby of the preoccupation of the name proposed by him; but as he is no longer working on Hy- menoptera, he asks me to rectify the matter. Megachile paucipunctulata, W. F. Kirby. Megachile paucipunctulata, W. EF. Kirby, Bull. Liverp. Mus. iii. (1900) ), 21.—Sokotra. é N. syn.: Megachile sokotrana, Friese, Zeits. f. Hym. und Dipt. 1903, p- 287.—Sokotra (Szmony). Megachile subsericans, n. 0. Megachile vicina, Moraw. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. xxviii. (1894) p. 37.— Turkestan.—Not M. vicina, Mocsary, 1879. Megachile mixtula, n. n. Megachile mivta, Radoszkowski, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, xlvii. (1874) p. 188.—Caucasus.—Not M. mixta, Costa, 1863. Boulder, Colorado, U.8.A., June 5, 1907. . tortricinus, Plétz (1010), Panama and Vene- zuela. Dr. F. D. Godman on American Apparently = Pellicia dimidiata, H.-S., 9. Figured from a damaged specimen. An Achlyodes, near Fredericus, Hiibn. From British Guiana and Para in the G. & S. coll. Not identified in the G. & S. coll. = Achlyodes chalybs, Mab. Plotz’s name has priority. From Pard and Ega in the G, & S. coll, = Achlyodes pulverea, Mab. From Rio Janeiro in the G. & 8. coll. = Chiomara gesta, H.-S., var. = Chiomara punctum, Mab. = Chiomara mithrax, Moschl. = Chiomara gesta, H.-S., var. = Chiomara gesta, H.-S., var. = Pythonides hyacinthinus, Mab. A Pythonides, near phila, G. & 8. A Pythonides, unknown to me. = Pythonides zera, Butl, tion unpublished ? = Systasea corrosa, Mab. Descrip- A Systasea, near corrosa, Mab. From Chapada in G. & 8. coll. Description unpublished ? = Theagenes lactifera, Butl., 2 , var. Ploétz’s figures (994) of T. noctua, Feld., ¢ 2, agree with T. lactifera, Butl. = Diphoridas dichrous, Mab. _This species may be the Hesperia palpalis of Latreille. = Ebrietas infanda, Butl. = Echelatus luctuosus, G. & S. Plétz’s name has priority. = Camptopleura theramenes, Mab. Unknown to me. Perhaps a species of Gorgophone. 3 = Ebrietas anacreon, © = EE. infanda, E. isus, Mab. Staud. ; Butl., or Hesperiidee described by Plétz. Antigonus elaudia (HL-S.), Plétz (1012), La Guayra. triseriata (H.-S.), Plotz (1015), Venezuela. Fs eremita, Plétz (1014), S. Am, - simplicior, Plétz (1015), Brazil. eg alburnea, Plitz (1016), Para. cajus, Plétz (1025), Peru. = adamas, Plétz (1031), Brazil. Thanaos zarucco, Lue. (10365), Cuba. Antigonus diogenes, Plitz (1041), Cuba. a heteropterus, Plotz (1044), Brazil. Jamaicensis, Plotz f (1045), Jamaica. Nisoniades flavipalpis, Plotz (1051), Copiapo. eusebius, Plotz (1053), Centr. America. Achlyodes trochilus, Hopft. (1055), ” Peru. Hesperia chlorocephala, — Latr. (1056), Brazil. Nisoniades auricapilla (Hopf), Plétz (1057), Para. norica, Plotz (1059), Brazil and Cayenne. eta, Plotz (1060), Chi- riqui and Brazil. aterea, Plitz (1062), Rio Janeiro. Tagiades teniatus, Plotz (1068), Oaxaca. doria, Plotz (1075), Mexico. ” ” 149 An Lbrietas, near ecliptica, Butl. Description unpublished ? An Lbrietas, probably a var. of E,, elaudia. ? Belongs to Zbrietas. Unknown to me. Belongs to Echelatus. Typeisad. An Echelatus, and probably the 2 of E. simplicwor. There is a specimen of it from Paraguay in the G. & S. coll. Belongs to Eudamidas. There are three specimens of it from Peru in the G. & S. coll. 3 =Sostrata leucorrhoa, G. & 8.; 2 =S. scintillans, Mab. = Thanaos martialis, Scudd. Lu- cas’s name has priority. Belongs to Thanaos. Also from Cuba in the G. & S. coll. Belongs to Thanaos, There is a long series of this species from Chapada in the G. & 8. coll. Belongs to the genus Melanthes, Mab. Very near the variable M. zephodes, Hiibn. (figs. 1037, 1038 of Piétz), from Cuba and the Bahamas. The g only of the Jamaican insect is figured by Plotz. Not identified in the G. & S. coll. Genus Staphylus? Figure taken froma ¢. = Staphylus giselus, Mab. Belongs to Gorgopas. This insect is identified as Hesperia chloro- cephala, Latr., in the G. & 8. coll, Plotz’s figure of this species repre- sents a Staphylus. Genus? Not Staphylus auro- capilla, Staud. Description unpublished ? Genus? Not identified in the G. & S. coll. A Staphylus, 3. ?=mazans, Reak. The figure is taken from a Brazilian specimen. = Systasea incisa, Mab., var. = Systasea pulverulenta, Feld., var. A Timochreon, and probably a var. of satyrus, Feld. 150 Tagiades monophthalma, Plotz (1077), Brazil. . > diophthalma, Plotz (1078), Loe. ? yy jacobus, Plotz (1082), Rio Janeiro. 3 morvus, Plétz (1083), Brazil. A hiera, Plitz (1103), Loe. ? Phareas ferrugineus (1121), Bahia. » cervinus, Plétz (1122), Loe. ? » epimethea (epiminthea), Plétz (1123), Brazil. » Anne, Plitz (1135), Para. Entheus concinna, Plotz (1142), Para. Erycides imbreus, Pléta (1198), Centr. America. Eudamus batabano, Luc. (man- cinus, H.-S.) (1200), Cuba. Erycides erebus, Plétz (1201), Bahia. As Herrichi, H.-S. (1204), Loc. ? 55 lincea, H.-S. (1209), Loe. ? Pyrrhopyge Marti, Pista (1287), Brazil. Myscelus epigona, H.-S, (1248), Loe. ? Pyrrhopyge _ dentiedlata, H.-S. (1289), Loe. ? Goniurus Platowit, Plotz (1817), Loc. ? brevicauda, Plotz (1319), Chiriqui. dominicus, Plétz (1821), Loe.? gideon, Plétz (1324), Loc. ? Dr. F. D. Godman on American Belongs to Cyclosemia. From Parana in the G. & S. coll. A Cyclosemia, near earina, Hew. Belongs to Cyclosemia, Belongs to Cyclosemia. A speci- men very like it from Entre Rios in the G. & S. coll. = Celenorrhinus eligius, Cram. Probably a Lignyostola, near de- specta, Butl. Unknown to me. =Eudamus pausias, Hew., var- Genus ? Belongs to Lignyostola. = Entheus lemna, Butl., 9. Unknown to me. A Phocides, near alemon, Cram. Unknown to me. Belongs to Phocides. Probably a Tarsoctenus. Unknown to me. A Tarsoctenus, near plutia, Hew. Very like Nascus phocus, Cram., 3. The drawing is marked =Z. grandimacula, Mab., a Bra- ailian insect. Herrich-Schaf- fer’s name has priority. Probably belongs to Sarbia, This species was wrongly identified in the ‘ Biologia’ as synony- mous with Rhabdoides epigena, Butl., and the reference to it in that work must be erased. M. orbius, Mab., is very nearly related to M. epigona, H.-S. Plotz’s figures are taken from Venezuelan specimens, A Mysoria, near pelota, Piotz. Plétz’s drawing was made from a Rio Negro specimen. Probably a var. of Ludamus esme- raldus, Butl., with the dark bands on the underside of the secondaries coalescent. = Thymele eniopeus,G.&S, Plotz’s name has priority. = Eudamus albimargo, Mab. =Goniurus celus, Cram, Hesperiidze described by Plétz. 151 Eudamus tellus, Plitz (1827), Bu- enos Aires, a6 tynatius, Plitz (1328), 40C, ? albociliata, Plitz (1329), Colombia. Telemiades dianina, Plitz (1331), S. Am. Netrocoryne coronus, Plitz (1332), Chiriqui, Felegonus corentinus, Plitz (1333), Surinam, ophiuchus, Plitz (1334), Surinam. mutius, Plot (1335), Co- lombia. pertica, Plitz (1336), S. Am. ” Arteurotia meris, Plétz (1839), Co- lombia. epipola, Plitz (1840), Cayenne. Athilla Weymeri, Plotz (1342), Loe. ? ” Hesperia caura, Plotz (13853), Suri- nam. » Ldlicht, Plotz (1354), Loe. ? » salma, Ploétz (1555), Pa- nama. » beda, Plitz (1857), Blu- menau. » ecamposa, Plotz (1360), Brazil. » gquispica, Plotz (1861), Peru, angulis, Plétz (1867), Pa- ” nama. » luscinia, Plitz (1869), Blumenau. » gta, Plotz (1370), Ari- zona. » Ucia, Plotz (1372), Loc. P » emerita, Plitz (13878), Brazil. , » diana, Plitz (1383), San Paulo. hilda, VPlitz (1884), Blu- menau, A Naseus, near cephise, H.-S. Drawing missing. ” ” ”7 ” ” ” ” ” = Bungalotis sebrus, Feld., ¢. = Bungalotis salatis, Cram., 2 , var. Near Lychnuchus clearchus, Plitz, but with three subapical spots and an oblique band on the primaries white, Probably a Pellicia, = Sproniades clinias, Mab. Genus ? =Telegonus chiriquensis, Staud., and 7. meretrix, Hew. Plitz’s drawing is taken from a Chi- riqui specimen, May belong to Papias. Genus? Typeis 9. Possibly = Mnasilus penicillatus, Godm. Genus? Not unlike Perimeles remus, F, Belongs to Pyrrhopygopsis. Not represented in the G. & S. coll. A Pyrrhopygopsis, near socrates, Mén., but with yellow cilia and a black head. = Damas clavus, Er., §. Proteides cervus, Moschl., is the 2 of the same species. Belongs to Perichares, near agrippa, Godm., ¢. = Cogia hippalus, Edw., 3. = Xenaides orchamus, Cram., 3, var. Not identified in the G, & S. coll. 152 Hesperia uruba, Dr. F. D. Godman on American Plitz (1885), Brazil. zygia, Plitz (1388), Loe. ? yva, Plétz (1889), Loe. ? angellus, Plotz Chiriqui. (1393), velleius, Plétz (1394), Su- rinam. corisana, Plotz Surinam. zeppa, Plotz (1397), Suri- nam. ethra, Plotz (1899), Suri- (1395), nam. mulla, Plétz (1401), Suri- nam, Savetta, Plotz (1408), Chi- riqui, conta, Plitz (1410), Minas Geraes, autumna, Plotz (1411), Centr. America. cabella, Plotz Puerto Cabello. subviridis, Plotz (1426), San Paulo, noctis, Plétz (1481), Chi- riqui. (1419), gereon, Plotz Para. aurinia, Plotz (1436), Ja- maica, (1482), Zenckit, Plotz (1487), Mexico. monica, Plétz (1489), Blumenau. piso, Plitz (1440), Pa- nama. zela, Plitz (1441), Monte Video. hyana, Plotz (1443), Chile. Not identified in the G. & S. coll. ? American. Unknown to me, Very like Cobalus argus, Méschl. The specimen figured is from Blumenau, Brazil. Perhaps the 2 of Halotus savula (Mab.), Godm., with whiter spots. Plétz’s mame has priority. = Rhinthon bistrigula, H.-S. (alus, Godm.). Unknown to me. ” ” » ” ” ” = LEutychide complana, H.-S. (mi- dia, Hew.,gura, Plotz). Plotz’s figure of upperside too green, as in many other cases, Perhaps= Pamphila ancus, Méschl. = Cobalopsis edda, Mab., gd. H. pelora, Plotz, is apparently a large 2 of the same species, and this is a still older name, both antedating that of Ma- bille. = Rhinthon chiriquensis, Mab., 3. Not identified in the G. & S. coll. = Megistias epiberus, Mab., dark ~ var. Seenote under Hesperia lysias, Plotz (fig. 628). Not identified in the G. & S. coll. Probably belongs to Limochores or Serdis. Not contained in the G. & 8. coll. = Thymelicus vibex, Hiibn., 3, vars. HH. combinata, Plotz (686), is the same species. An Atrytone, near eulogius, Plotz. There isa ¢ of it, from Novo Friburgo, in the G. & 8. coll. = Atrytone rolla, Mab., 3. Probably belongs near rcaleyaca D, s, setosus, Wied. 3. Size largest; greatest skull-length attaining 126 mm., cephalic shield 123 x88. Colour brown. Hairs as in sexcinctus. (Matto Grosso, Paraguay, and South Brazil) aks 4, Size rather less than in gilvipes; cephalic shield 11489 mm. Colour pale horny. Movable bands with 36 scales. Back scantily haired. Skull short and broad ; molars broad and rounded, (Bolivia.).... D. s. bolivie, subsp. n. 5. Size as in bolivie ; cephalic shield 11678 mm. Colour sandy. 36 scales in movable bands. Back well haired, the pelvic shield with many white hairs. Nasals rather [subsp. n. peculiar in shape. (Tucuman.),......... D. s. tucumanus, D. s. gilvipes, Ul. * P, Z. S. 1903, ii. p, 242, 166 Mr. O. Thomas on The new forms may be more fully described as follows :— Dasypus sexcinctus bolivie, subsp. n. Size rather less than in gilvipes. Colour pale; hairs of carapace white, of soft parts brown, nowhere really black. Hairs not more numerous than in gilvipes, the scales of the movable bands each with a couple of white bristles about 2-4 cm. long at their posterior end; pelvic shield almost naked, its few bristles rarely more than 1 cm. in length. Scales more numerous than in the Eastern forms, the median movable bands consisting of 36 scales. Frontal shield very broad in proportion to its length. Skull broad and stout, with broadly and abruptly expanded zygomata. Frontal region but little convex. Nasals nearly parallel-sided, not of the peculiar shape found in twcumanus. Palate broader. Molars more broadly rounded, the fifth maxillary tooth 6°4 x 4°7 mm. Dimensions of the type (measured on the flattened skin) :— Head and body 500 mm.; tail 250. Frontal shield 114 x 89. Skull: condylo-nasal length 119; basal length 100°5; zygomatic breadth 75; nasals, length 43°3, breadth ante- riorly 18, mesially 18°3, posteriorly 20; palatal length 68; breadth of palate between fifth maxillary teeth 16°4. Hab. Near Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Type. Old male. Original number 139. Collected 17th May, 1906, by Mr. J. Steinbach ; presented by Oldfield Thomas. One specimen. The pale colour and more numerous scales ally this form to the next subspecies, while it resembles D. s. gilvipes in its scantily haired pelvic shield. Its very broad and rather flattened skull is peculiar to itself. Dasypus sexcinctus tucumanus, subsp. n. Size rather less than in the large Paraguayan D. s. gilvipes. Colour paler, the carapace itself sandy, its hairs white. These latter are fairly numerous both on the movable bands and on the pelvic shield, and attain from 3-5 em. in length along the sides. Scattered hairs of underparts, arms, and legs mostly black, with a few whitish ones intermingled. Scales of carapace rather smaller than in the Eastern forms, there being 33-86 scales on each of the movable bands, the numbers on the shoulder and pelvic shields proportionally increased. Nasals narrow in front and behind, angularly broad in the Neotropical Mammals. 167 middle, the middle part projecting outwards on each side in an angle at the premaxillo-maxillary suture. Posterior narial opening narrow, the notch sharply V-shaped. ‘T'eeth narrow throughout, the fifth maxillary tooth 6°2 x 4°2 mm. Dimensions of the type (as taken by collector in the flesh) :— Head and body 410 mm. ; tail 230. Cephalic shield 116 x 78. Skull: back of frontals to end of nasals 85; greatest breadth 64; nasals, length 40, breadth, anteriorly 11, in middle 19, posteriorly 12°5; palatal length 64; breadth of palate between fifth maxillary teeth 13°3. Hab. Tapia, Tucuman. Alt. 700 m. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 3. 6.6.16. Original num- ber 1910. Collected 23rd September, 1902, by L. Dinelli; presented by Oldfield Thomas. ‘I'wo specimens examined. Marmosa chloe, sp. n. A small dark-coloured species, with creamy chest and inguinal region. Size about as in M. fuscata, Thos., and M. Klages?, All. Fur soft and fine; hairs of back about 6 mm. in length. General colour above sepia along the dorsal area, shading off into bistre on the sides. Under surface, on throat, chest, and inguinal region, pale pinkish or creamy buff, the hairs this colour to their bases; but on the belly the slaty-based hairs encroach on each side, so as to narrow the creamy part to a mere median line. Sides of face with a large ill-defined black patch surrounding the eyes, the paler area between them less marked than in Klagesz. Lower cheeks cream-buff. Ears naked, dark grey. Hands pale brown, feet whitish. Tail with its short-haired part about half an inch in length, the remainder naked, uniformly pale grey. Skull shaped very much as in M. Klagesi; similarly broad, with expanded zygomata and fairly well defined supra- orbital ledges. Nasals expanded posteriorly. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 143 mm. ; tail 170; hind foot 21; ear 19. Skull: greatest length 33°7; basal length 30; greatest breadth 18; nasals 144; interorbital breadth 5:2; breadth of brain-case 13:5; palate, length 18:2, breadth outside m® 10°5; combined length of three anterior molariform teeth 5:6. Hab, Demerara River, 29 miles above Georgetown, British Guiana. 168 Bibliographical Notice. Type. Male. Original number 13. Collected 6th De- cember, 1906, by Mr. 8. B. Warren. This species is very much darker throughout than M. Klagesi, to which it appears to be most nearly allied. The similarly dark M. fuscata has a wholly grey-mixed belly and a much more elongate skull, without trace of supraorbital beads. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. VI. By H. M. Bernarp, M.A. London: Printed by Order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1906. In this volume Mr. Bernard completes the description of the genus Porites and gives also a descriptive list of the genus Gontopora supplementary to that given in vol. iv. Besides the Corals there are probably few groups in the animal kingdom which present such formidable difficulties to the taxonomist and morphologist alike—difficulties which at the present moment appear to defy solution. Mr, Bernard, who has devoted to this group many years of patient study, has, however, certainly laid the foundations of a more exact knowledge of coral-forming animals, and has at the same time brought to light some important evidence with regard to the effect of isolation and the influence of environ- ment on living organisms, more especially with regard to sessile forms. The Author has, however, so it seems to us, become entangled in the toils of that seductive question, What isa species? Dissatisfied with our present definition, and unable to supply any better, he has endeavoured to compromise. We venture to think, however, that his suggestion will not be favourably received. Recognizing a number of local forms in the several genera which he has so far examined, he proposes to regard these not as so many geographical races to be distinguished by trinomial specific names, but as indeterminate incipient species, which are to be distinguished by numerals. So that we get such names as Goniopora Queens- landie quintadecima, Goniopora Australie occidentalis septima, Porites incerte sedis quartadecima!! However, in spite of this positive drawback, Mr. Bernard has contrived to bring together a mass of most valuable information, which will prove of great value not merely to the students of corals, but also to those who are interested in the study of animal life in general. The plates which illustrate the volume are of great beauty. THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [SEVENTH SERIES.] No. 117. SEPTEMBER 1907. XXVII.—Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.—No. XXVIII. By Prof. M‘Intosu, M.D., LL.D., F.B.S., &c. [Plates VI.-VIII. } . On a Porbeagle Shark with a large Suboral Aperture. . On the Young of the Ling. . On a large Example of Ommastrephes sagittatus, d’Orb. . On Genetyllis citrina, a new Phyllodocid. . On the Reproduction of Nereis diversicolor, O. F. Miiller. Ou Co bD 1. On a Porbeagle Shark with a large Suboral Aperture. The number of porbeagle sharks caught in the gill-nets of the fishermen in St. Andrews Bay has been a subject of remark in former notes, and as time advances they do not appear to be diminishing. A female 9 feet long and in a very healthy condition entangled itself in the gill-nets for cod last November, and as the fishermen stated that it had two moutlis, it was brought to the Laboratory. Inspection showed that all the internal organs were in a normal state. At a distance of 5 inches behind the tip of the mandible is a large aperture (PI. VI. fig. 1,0), with a smoothly cicatrized margin, measuring in the preserved specimen 4 inches in transverse diameter, and blocked inferiorly by the basihyal, covered with cicatrized Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 12 170 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the skin and freely movable with the branchial apparatus. The truncated tip of the basihyal is marked by various hard wrinkles, and it projects from the ventral surface a consider- able distance in profile (Pl. VI. fig. 3). When the hyoidean apparatus is pushed forward the blunt tip has a tendency to close the aperture. Viewed internally (Pl. VI. fig. 2) the basihyal is depressed, much of it passing into the aperture in the floor of the mouth and projecting ventrally. The ceratobyals are nearly normal or only very slightly lowered. In the fresh specimen the movements of the parts were quite free, as in an ordinary example, and apparently prehension and deglutition were unimpaired. So far as observation goes, it would seem that the fish had at one time been captured by a powerful shark-hook which had struck it from below and pierced the basihyal and the soft parts near it. In its struggles it probably wrenched the tip of the basihyal, which, with the soft parts, gave way under the powerful strain, so that about 2 inches of the basihyal with the tip of the tongue were lost anda large gap externally was caused. Whether the hook remained a short or a long time in the wound would depend on the soundnessof the tackle. Though the whole hyoidean apparatus must have received a considerable wrench, yet the healing and contraction of the wound and the cicatri- zation of the coverings of the depressed basihyal have been so complete that comparatively little inconvenience has resulted. The large ventral aperture would take in water, whilst the plug of the basihyal would prevent the loss of food. Moreover, swallowing would not be interfered with. The slender gill-nets prove more deadly to such a powerful fish than a hook, for they yield on every side, and, though torn, soon envelop fins and tail and impede branchial respira- tion. On the other hand, it is comparatively rare for such a form to envelop itself with the lines, from which this shark is an adept at picking off the fishes after they are hooked. As indicated elsewhere, the porbeagle shark has never been known to attack the human subject, yet the great muscular power and weight of an example measuring 9 feet and the length and sharpness of its teeth undoubtedly fit it for any predatory function. If by chance it acquired such a habit, and was as common in St. Andrews Bay in the warmer months as it is in the cold, those who swim in the inshore waters would have to face a new danger. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 171 2. On the Young of the Ling (Molva molva, L.). J. Schmidt *, as the result of the recent unequalled inter- national opportunities for obtaining the early stages of the food-fishes, gives an account of the pelagic postlarval stages of the ling. Yet he has only procured a single example 5 mm. longer than that described and figured in the ‘ Researches ’ t, and which really adds little to our knowledge, since the pigment forming the commencement of the longitu- dinal band characteristic of the later stage of 34 inches is already indicated in the memoir cited. The 34-inch stage has not been procured by the Danish author, his figure having been taken from the ‘ Researches.’ He seems to be in doubt as to the passage of this longitudinally striped form into the transversely barred one found at the rocks near the pier at St. Andrews, since this coloration is diagnostic of the post- larval stages of the blue ling (Molva byrkelange, Walb.), a deep-sea form. Now only one species of ling frequents the eastern shores of Scotland, the eggs and young of which were long ago described at St. Andrews. Moreover, there is little doubt that the longitudinally striped stage of 34 inches by-and-by changes into a transversely barred one with blotches along the sides. Moreover, at 134 inches the coloration remains very much as at the 9-inch stage described in the ‘ Researches.’ The golden colour of the pectorals and the pallor of the ventrals are the same, the median division of the tip of the latter, however, being larger and broader. The barbel has additional black pigment. Perhaps the pigment-bars on the tail are less bold, though the margin is still white. In general outline the chief change, in com- parison with the 9-inch stage, is the elongation of the snout in front of the eyes, the spaces between the eyes and the nostril and between the latter and the tip of the snout having increased. ‘This example was procured in May, and is probably about six months older than the 9-inch stage; and as the barred condition is assumed in all probability in its second year, the rate of growth given in the ‘ British Food- Fishes’ { may ke too rapid. Schmidt’s hesitation in believing that a longitudinally striped young ling of 34 inches subsequently becomes trans- formed into a fish with bold transverse bars is natural. * Meddel. fra Komm. for Havunder. Serie Fiskeri, Bd. ii. no, 3 (1906). + Trans. R. S. Edin. vol. xxxv. p. 880, pl. xvii. fig. 4. t M‘Iintosh & Masterman, p. 283, 12* 172 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the There is, however, no reason to doubt it, (1) because no smaller form with transverse bars is known at St. Andrews ; (2) because all the examples (and they are many) above this size are transversely barred, the blotches remaining even to the size (134 in.) already indicated; (3) because no other species of ling has hitherto been found in the neighbouring waters. The above writer, in criticizing the figure of the early ling in the ‘ Researches ’*, had forgotten to look at the text. The outline of these delicate young forms is considerably altered by strong alcohol, and whether a slip had occurred in Prof. Prince’s figure or in the work of the lithographer it is now difficult to determine. At any rate, it is clearly stated in the text that ‘the notochord passes almost in a straight line backward to the tip of the tail, and the caudal fin is continuous with the unbroken marginal fin dorsally and ventrally. The great development of the ventral or per- manent rays, however, slightly pushes the tip with the embryonic radial striations upward. he hypurals, two of which are very distinct, are developing inferiorly, and the epiurals dorsally, but they have only slightly affected the direction of the notochord. The early development of the upper caudal rays in this form is of interest, as it is in marked contrast with such forms as the Pleuronectide, in which the inferior fin-rays alone appear.” A re-examination of the specimen in the University Museum bears out the accuracy of this description, and shows that the slightly tapered tip of the notochord projects backward nearly in the centre of the caudal rays, which are now taking the place of the embryonic fin-rays. ‘The hypural and epiural elements are clearly visible. There is nothing in the preparation to cause any confusion with the condition in a Pleuronectid, from which the pelvic fins alone would at once distinguish the young ling. 3. On a large Example of Ommastrephes sagittatus, d’ Ord. Information was given by Mr. Andrew Brown, of Queen’s Gardens, St. Andrews, early in January of the stranding of a large cuttlefish at the Kast Rocks, near the Rock and Spindle. It had, unfortunately, been much destroyed by birds before it was seen—the tentacles, funnel, all the viscera, beaks, and even a large part of the mnscles of the mantle having been removed. A glance at the specimen showed that * Trans. R. S, Edin. vol, xxxy. Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 173 it was of unusual size, no similar form having been met with for forty years, when a somewhat smaller example (mantle 20 inches and tentacles 3 feet) was procured on the beach. The visits of the swarms of smaller squids which prove so troublesome to the liners are as uncertain, one having been noted in 1885 and the last in 1891 *. On the last-mentioned occasion a vast number took possession of the ground between the Bell Rock and St. Andrews, entered the latter, and even filled the salmon stake-nets, though most escaped through the meshes when the nets were hauled. Very large squids in British waters appear to be rare, one slightly larger than the present example having been described by Dr. Goodrich f, and two are mentioned by him as in the British Museum. Foreign specimens of great size are well known, especially on the American coasts {. A gigantic one was seen in 1876, when a Scotch herring-boat, containing amongst others the attendant at the Laboratory (A. W. Brown), leaving Howth Point, was summoned by the cries of the occupants of a diver’s boat. ‘They found the diver, who had been surveying a sunken tug off St. John’s Point, on the ladder, to which he had been hauled (as no signal had been made for some time), with his arms pinioned by a huge cuttlefish. ‘The men rapidly cut the diver free and allowed the cuttlefish to escape. ‘Their impression was that the body of the cuttlefish was about a foot in diameter and the arms about 7 or 8 teet in length §. In the present mangled example now in the University Museum the length of the mantle from the tip of the tail to the collar is 25 inches. The caudal fin is 11 inches from the apex to the centre, 11 inches along the outer slopes, and fully 10 inches across the base on each side, though the latter is probably underestimated, as the central portion had been lacerated by the gulls. ‘The total breadth of the base of the caudal is thus more than 20 inches. The tentacles are absent, but the eight arms have an average length of 13} inches, and the breadth of the winged or keeled arm is fully 23 inches. The pen, characterized by its great strength and stiffness, is in fragments, but when laid carefully together it measures 23 inches, though in all probability in its complete condition * Fourth Ann. Rep. Scotch Fishery Board (1885), p. 204, and Tenth Report (1891), part iii. p. 299, + Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc. vol. ii. n. s. p. 314 (1893). { An interesting account of one of these is given by Prof. D’Arey Thompson, Proc. Zool. Soc., Dee. 18, 1900, p. 992. § Part of an arm was secured for Glasgow Museum, but Prof. Graham Kerr, who kindly made a search lately, could find no trace of it. 174 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the it approaches 25 inches. The size of the terminal pocket, in contrast with that of a specimen witha body 153 inches long, is great, viz. 17 mm. in depth at the proximal edge, and from that to the flexible tip 20 mm. It is marked by the usual ridges. The description of the arms by Dr. Goodrich would do fairly for the present specimen, the latero-ventral frill of the third right arm (Pl. VII. fig. 1) being conspicuous, and at its distal third, the widest portion, is at least an inch and a half in breadth. As mentioned by Dr. Goodrich, it is supported by thick ridges. Hach arm has two rows of suckers (Pl. VII. fig. 2), which differ from those described and figured by Goodrich, but agree with those of the common Ommastrephes sagittatus, and this is confirmed by Dr. Hoyle, who kindly examined both the example and its suckers, and to whom I am indebted for much information. ‘The largest suckers on the arms measure 15 mm. over all, and the aperture with the teeth 10 mm. én situ. The proximal half of the rim (as it lies on the arm) has a series of small teeth, whilst the distal half has larger recurved teeth, the whole surrounded by the mobile muscular investment. The central cushion is attached to the tough pedicle. When removed from its investment (PI. VII. fig. 3) the horny rim is distinctly oblique, the edge trending from the large teeth forming a Jong hoof-like process which apparently gives a larger surface for its attachment. The arrangement of the teeth on the rim is more or less uniform (Pl. VII. fig. 3), viz. a median very large tooth, often more or less blunted by use, and two or three somewhat smaller teeth on each side, the points of these being very sharp. Occasionally a smaller tooth occurs between the lateral teeth of one side. ‘The teeth spring from a thickened horny rim and are sheathed externally in a hard, glistening, pale yellow substance, which appears to perform the part of enamel. So far as could be seen, no fold supporting horny plates existed round the outer margin. As the tentacles were absent nothing can be said about their suckers, but they must have been of large size, and probably with a more or less even series of teeth, as in the smaller examples. In a specimen which has a mantle about a foot in length, and which has a diameter at its widest part of 3 inches, the arms range from 7-7} inches in spirit, the third right arm having a keel, which, however, is but slightly developed in contrast with the old example. The tentacles are 10-11 inches in length and bear larger suckers than on the arms. The length of the caudal fin along its outer edge is 43 inches, Gatlty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 175 Such forms a useful contrast with the large specimen, which seems to have successfully eluded the agencies which, as a rule, render examples of this size rare on our shores, though, perhaps, abundant in the deeper waters. 4, On Genetyllis citrina, a new Phyllodocid. This form was procured on a stone—coated with corallines, a bright yellow sponge, and several ascidians—brought up by a fisherman’s hook in the Minch in 1865. The head is rounded ovate, with two black eyes of con- siderable size. The four tentacles had been removed, but they probably resemble those of G. lutea. The tentacular cirri are similarly arranged, viz., two shorter anteriorly and two longer posterioily. Body about 3 inches in length, much tapered anteriorly. Posteriorly it terminates in two caudal curi. The dorsal surface is convex, the ventral marked by two elevated ridges on each side of a slightly depressed central area. ‘The entire animal is of a most brilliant chrome- yellow—deepest on the middle third, which here and there showed blackish-brown patches on the lamelle (cirri). It tinged the water with a yellowish mucus, and also dyed the spirit in which it was immersed of the same hue. The dorsal region of the foot has a massive, short, bluntly conical process devoid of spine or bristles, and bearing the unequally cordate lamella (cirrus), which is marked by a series of lines and reticulations trom a central rib. The imbricate lamella are borne more or less horizontally along the sides of the dorsum, leaving the central region bare. The semicircular gap at the base of the lamella fits the rounded extremity of the division to which it is attached. The short setigerous region is bifid at the tip and supported by a black spine, and a group of bristles shorter than in (7. lutea, the translucent shafts being slightly bent, and with a dilated distal end which has a few spikes on each side. The terminal process is finely tapered and shorter than in G. lutea. The edge shows no distinct serrations, though the adherence of particles would indicate them. Attached to the ventral and posterior part of the region is an irregularly reniform ventral cirrus, vertical in position. The inferior border is rounded, but the superior is truncated, with a tendency to a point at the upper and outer angle. ‘The cirri—both superior and interior—vary litle im shape throughout the body, The stone was coated with the yellowish sponge, but its connection with habits of the Genetyliis is unknown. The 176 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the annelid crawled actively amongst the ascidians and other growths to escape capture. This form clearly approaches Genetyllis lutea, Malmgren, but the setigerous region supported by a black spine and carrying shorter bristles with shorter terminal processes than in that species point to separation. 5. On the Reproduction of Nereis diversicolor, O. F. Miiller. Various statements have been made about the reproduction of this species. Thus Max Schultze * refers to the occur- rence of the young in the body-cavity, having apparently considered Koch’s statements in regard to Marphysa sanguinea as true. Cuvier and Grube, again, thought Arenicola was herma- phrodite, and Rathke placed Amphitrite in the same category, though each might be more or less male or female. An interesting résumé of the views of the period is given by Frey and Leuckart t. A. Krohn, again, describes from Nice a viviparous Syllis (iS. vivipara) allied to S. Armandi, only the new form has simple tips to the terminal pieces of the bristles. The enclosed young form has 23 segments and is like the adult. In Balfour’s ‘Embryology’ { it is stated that ‘a few forms (e. g., Hunice sanguinea, Syllis vivipara, and Nereis diversicolor) are viviparous.” Considerable reliance in more recent times has been placed on the observations of Mendthal on the supposed hemaphroditism of Nereis diversicolor. ‘This author seems to have been attracted to the subject by the previous work of Schréder §, who found embryos in the morula-stage. Mendthal described the species from the bay of Pillau as carrying both eggs and testes in June, and he was the more inclined to believe in its hermaphroditism since Schréder met with only 3 males out of 48 examples. He places and figures the testes in the dorsal region as pear- or flask-shaped masses to the exterior of the dorsal longitudinal muscles. The supposed testes, therefore, occupy the same position as the outer limb of Dr. Goodrich’s dorsal organ, and it may be that the cilia were a source of misapprehension. On the other hand, he describes the ova as developing at the bases of the feet, the figure representing them in the position of the segmental organ. * ¢Entwickelung Arenicola piscatorum &c.,’ p. 214 (Halle, 1856). + Beitr. z. Kenntniss wirb. Thiere, p. 82 (1847). t Vol. i. p. 319. § This author’s paper has not yet been obtainable. A eS GS _- ee © a Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 177 De St. Joseph, however, could not corroborate the fore- going observations. Gravier, on the other hand, considers that hermophroditism and viviparity may exceptionally exist in this form, and in the ‘Cambridge Natural History ’ it is stated that viviparity is characteristic of it. The annelid is very common on many parts of the British shores, burrowing in clay, sand, mud, peat, and similar media, and at St. Andrews it abounds at the upper end of the harbour amidst muddy clay on the sides of the Kinness Burn which enters there. During last winter especially careful observation of the species was carried out to test the condition as regards reproduction ; yet though both hermaphroditism and viviparity have been discountenanced, it has not been possible to find the worm either discharging from its tunnel in the mud its eggs and sperms or becoming pelagic at maturity and thus dispersing the sexual elements. So far as can be observed, the former, perhaps, seems to be the more likely, though no certainty exists on this head. In the middle of October the majority of the examples— both large and small—were females with fairly developed ova, which were almost visible to the naked eye and easily under a lens. In these the vascularity of the feet had slightly increased, but no change in the lobes of the feet or in the bristles had occurred. Amongst the ova in the coelomic space were numerous pale granular cells, apparently moditied perivisceral corpuscles. Very few males were obtained at this time, and these for the most part were undeveloped. In November comparatively few ova were attached to the ventral plexuses, most being free in the perivisceral space. On the other hand, the vascular plexuses in the region of the ciliated organ were laden with dense groups of rather coarsely granular cells—sometimes in lobular masses, and it was con- sidered that these pale cells were associated with the growth and maturation of the ova in the ccelomic space. ‘The ova had considerably increased in size towards the end of the month. In transverse section * the body of the annelid at this time differed little from the type except in the presence of ova, which appear most abundantly, in the sections, at the bases of the feet and extending into their lobes. ‘he number in the ccelom was not large, many, in all probability, having fallen out. ‘The dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles showed little change, the pennate fold of the latter being well * I am indebted to Dr, Tosh for valued aid in making these sections and in other respects. 178 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the developed. The oblique muscles pass at each side slightly below the nerve-cord to be attached to the basement-mem- brane; and at least three neural canals are present, the larger lateral having a coagulable fluid internally, and each runs along the outer border of the nerve-trunk between the pairs of ganglia. ‘The median or dorsal canal, again, appears to have a separate strand in the interganglionic region, and when it reaches the ganglia it splits into two trunks in certain sections. ‘I'he muscles of the bases of the feet and of the bristles are also strong. The wall of the alimentary canal appears to be of normal thickness. The annelids remained very much in the same condition during December, the great majority of those examined being females, so much so that it was at first considered probable that, as authors had stated, a complex sexual condition existed (e. g. alternate development of the reproductive elements) ; but as a few males were still met with and no trace of an intermediate stage occurred, such complexity could not be proved. This month the only difference in the sections of the females was the increase in the size of the ova, the abundance of the ccelomic corpuscles (Pl. VILI. fig. 1), and the distention of the body-cavity and the bases of the feet, so that the muscles of the wall were stretched. Thevascularity of the outer surface of the gut also appeared to be increased. The segmental organs showed no feature of note. Inthe males the perivisceral cavity and the bases of the feet contained dense masses of translucent granular cells, the large nuclei of which stained deeply with eosine. The great increase of the large granularcells (PI. VIII. fig. 3) in the coelomic cavity in January was a feature of moment, especially in those females in which the ova were small. The enormous masses of these cells distended the bodies of the females and they probably increased by division, each being filled with spherules. In glancing at the living annelids a pale, or greyish, green hue characterized the posterior region of the body in the females; whilst the anterior segments had their vascularity increased, the dorsal vessel of the foot and its branches especially were distinct. When the posterior region was punctured, the masses of ova had a pale greenish colour as in the previous months, and were similarly unfertilized. As many have discharged ova, it would appear that fertilization is external as in allied forms. The sexes are not always distinguished by colour, both males and females being greenish or dull yellowish, though the males are often paler. No change in eyes, feet, or Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 179 bristles is apparent. In many an opaque, dull whitish con- dition occurs in the anterior feet, which are filled with the large granular perivisceral corpuscles. Moreover, almost all have a touch of white at the base of the dorsal cirrus—from one end of the body to the other, a similar touch occurring at the tip of the ceratophore of each tentacular cirrus. Mendthal* figures two examples, one of the general brownish-orange hue of the ordinary type, and the other of this colour in the anterior fourth, whilst the rest is of a grass- green tint. He considers that the latter (green) colour is due to a diet of green alge, a condition which is not in accordance with the observations at St. Andrews, where the greenish hue appeared to be the result of the presence of masses of more or less ripe ova. There is no reason, how- ever, why adiet of Ulva or other green alga should not tint the digestive canal green. In the male the sperm-cells (PI. VIII. fig. 2) filled the various cavities even to the bases of the dorsal cirri through- out January, but though the body-wall was frequently distended, no degeneration of the muscular bands could be observed. In the females the size and abundance of the ova in particular examples varied, but, as a rule, the granular ova with a slightly stained nucleus anda more deeply stained nucleolus were more or less advanced towards maturity. Occasionally an example with few and small ova appeared. In some of these the muscular walls of the body were con- tracted, and very few ova, and these of small size, occurred in the perivisceral space. More frequently they were found in the feet. Masses of ovigerous tissue were attached to the vessels near the bases of the latter; and cellular masses (it may be parts of the dorsal organ) with boldly stained nuclei passed upward at the bases of the feet within, as well as without, the lateral lobe of the dorsal longitudinal muscles, and similar cells passed into all the spaces of the feet—in specimens having a considerable number of large ova. These loose coelomic masses probably represented the cells alluded to in the living forms. In February the increase in size and the division of the sperm-cells formed the most noteworthy feature, but no free sperms were seen. In the other sex the ova in many had considerably increased in size, and from the appearance of the annelids a large number of ova must have been discharged. * Untersuch. u. d. Mollusken u. Anneliden des frischen Hatls, p. 9, Taf. figs. 1 & 2 (Konigsberg, 1889), 180 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the Signs of rapid division of the sperm-cells characterized many males in the middle of March, and towards the end of the month the perivisceral cavity formed a vast reservoir for the male elements. The body-walls were stretched, the muscular layers diminished, and the alimentary canal collapsed. The tubes of the segmental organ had also en- larged, so that sperms could readily find issue by the segmental papilla. Though the nuclei of the walls of the organ and its tubes were everywhere distinct, no trace of sperms was at any time found within it, so that they probably escape by rupture of the body-wall, as in allied forms. The ova in the various examples throughout March appeared to attain full size and maturity, viz. about "1524 mm., and they were probably shed by rupture of the body-wall, the vast numbers set free, even from a limited area, affording an indication of the almost illimitable resources of nature in the sea. Whether the sexes discharge their elements em situ or by a terminal pelagic stage could not be ascertained. None were captured in the tow-nets dragged, by day and by night, up stream at ebb-tide, and no indication of any change in the structure of the feet, bristles, or eyes, and no shrivelling of the posterior region of the body as in the very interesting Ceratocephalus Osawai of Akira Izuka*, common in the estuary of the Sumida River in Tokyo, occurred. If one may hazard a conjecture, it is probable that the sperms and ova are discharged on the sites inhabited by the anuelids, and the larve by-and-by carried seawards. There is no doubt, however, that, without change in the condition of the feet and bristles, the species is an apt swimmer, progressing through the water swiftly in graceful screw-coils. Towards the end of May (29th) and tor some time pre- viously signs of degeneration appeared in certain ova, as if they were in process of absorption. ‘I hese ova were smaller, minutely granular, and with larger oil-globules. The larger ova had lost the germinal vesicle and spot, and transmitted light more readily than formerly. Nothing was seen to suggest the view that certain ova were undergoing develop- ment, for, when kept in vessels both of sea-water and fresh _ water, they were rapidly disintegrated. Some females at this date have shed all their ova, and are of a pale brownish-yellow colour, occasionally with a minute dusting of yellow grains along the dorsum. Having failed to secure the early larve by any of the methods alluded to, masses of the clayey mud with the adults * Journ. Coll. Sc. Univ. Tokyo, vol. xvii. art. ii, (1902). Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 181 én situ were brought from the banks of the Kinness Burn near the harbour towards the end of May, and a strict scrutiny made of the tubes and the mud lining them. Numerous postlarval forms were thus obtained, but no trace of trocho- phores or other early stages. Whether these stages had been passed in such an environment before the examination, or whether the later larva to be subsequently described had settled in the mud of the tubes after a pelagic stage is yet undetermined. The youngest stage observed has three bristled segments (Pl. VIII. figs. 4 & 5), a head with two short palpi, and two short frontal tentacles. ‘The eyes are imperfectly differentiated, consisting of an irregular group of black pigment-granules (fig. 5). A tentacular cirrus occurs on each side opposite the eyes. The three feet are nearly alike, each with a bristle- tuft and a small dorsal cirrus, or the first is rudimentary (fig. 4). A minute caudal cirrus is at each side of the posterior end. Between the last foot and the pygidium is a projection, indicating a segment. The proboscis has a pair of jaws each with three long teeth, including the anterior fang (Pl. VIII. fig. 6). The opaque part of the gut extends over the last two bristled segments. The minute bristles already present the typical structure of camerated shaft and homogomph articulation of the end of the shaft, and are in two bundles in each foot. No younger form has yet been found amongst the mud or the adults, so that it is probable that they settle down at this stage. Moreover, no pelagic larve appeared in the vessels; yet as the postlarval forms with three bristled segments occurred in the mud of the tubes of the adult, it would appear that all do not wander. When the postlarval form has four bristled segments the head has two eyes on each side, placed close together and posteriorly, a pair of short frontal tentacles, short palpi which present no distal articulation, a pair of tentacular cirri, and two short anal cirri. Behind the head, which bears the tentacular cirri, is a region with only bristles on each side; a foot with a large bristle-tuft and a minute dorsal cirrus follows, and then a second foot of similar structure. A rudimentary foot comes next, with a bristle- tuft on one side. A rudimentary ventral cirrus occurs on each foot. A pair of minute jaws having two teeth behind the anterior fang is found in the proboscis. Vast swarms of Infusoria (like monads) frequent the moist and odoriferous mud in which the young Nereids occur. The postlarval form of the 28th May (Pl. VIII. fig. 7) 182 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the has a head with two comparatively large frontal tentacles and two stumpy palpi with very short terminal segments that only occasionally are visible, two pairs of tentacular cirri, the last with a spine in the dorsal, five pairs of distinctly bristled feet, with more evident dorsal and ventral cirri and slightly brownish spines, besides two rudimentary ones behind and a large pygidium with two caudal cirri. The cirrus of the first bristled segment is elongating, but the bristles are shorter than in the succeeding foot. ‘The mouth is a wide aperture, followed by the somewhat ovoid proboscis, which is armed with two translucent jaws having three prominent teeth which are proportionately longer than in the adult. The proboscis is narrowed posteriorly and joins a large opaque, yellowish, glandular region, broad and truncated in front and diminishing posteriorly and terminating in the pale rectal part of the gut and its dorsal anus. The opaque glandular region stretches from the space between the second and third feet to the last bristled foot, and shows the groups of oily granules so characteristic of the glands on the walls of the alimentary canal. A pair of slightly opaque ovoid glandular bodies, the segmental organs, lie behind the first complete foot, just in front of the opaque region of the gut, and active ciliary action is occasionally noticed in them. In the postlarval form with six bristled feet the eyes are better defined and the palpi, frontal tentacles, and tentacular cirri are larger. The dorsal cirrus of the first bristled seg- ment is the longest in the animal, but there isno spine. The spines are darker, the posterior end remains bifid, and three teeth occur behind the anterior fang in each jaw. When seven bristled feet are present the caudal cirri are considerably longer, the last foot (seventh) having a few short bristles, a short dorsal cirrus, two short spines, and a minute rudiment of a ventral cirrus. Behind is an indication of the eighth foot as a lateral projection, with a minute papilla representing the dorsal cirrus. Internally is the tip of a minute spine, but no bristles. The ventral of the first tentacular cirrus (opposite the eyes) is a short subulate process; that of the next segment is indistinct, though, with ~ the exception of the caudal cirri, the dorsal is the longest of the series. The bristles of this segment are always short and in contrast with the next segment, which shows the segmental organs immediately behind. Opacities in the corresponding parts of the following feet indicate the early development of these organs throughout. ‘Traces of a fourth tooth behind the great anterior fang of the maxille are visible. This description might also apply to a postlarval form with eight Gatty Murine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 183 bristled feet (Pl. VIII. fig. 8), the latest stage observed towards the end of May. If the young Nereids of the foregoing stages are left in the vessels beside the adults the larger examples rapidly disappear. They are probably devoured by the adults, only the minute stages escaping capture, and in all likelihood they, too, would by-and-by be found out and captured; yet, as in the fishes, these checks have little influence on the permanent abundance of the species. On the 17th July the young forms are found on the same sites, but considerable progress has been made in develop- ment. ‘The head in outline nearly resembles that of the adult and is marked by whitish pigment in front of the eyes in the smaller, brownish in the older, which are definitely formed on each side, the anterior pair being somewhat larger and furnished with lenses. ‘lhe frontal tentacles and the palpi are well formed and show numerous fine palpocils, the mobility of the distal segment of the palpi being noteworthy. The two pairs of tentacular cirri are now much longer, the dorsal stretching outward like fine hairs as the animal pushes its snout forward. ‘They retain the proportions to each other of the adult, though they have not yet reached full develop- ment in any case. The ventral of each is considerably shorter than the dorsal, but projects clearly on each side, the first rather longer and thicker at the base than the frontal tentacles. ‘The body is now elongated, having from sixteen to twenty bristled feet, and is marked along the centre by a yellowish or brownish streak, often slightly moniliform or zigzag from the intestinal contents, and a whitish dot is observed in some at the bases of the feet. The massive and somewhat ovoid proboscis has six teeth behind the great anterior fang, and the narrow part of the canal behind it is usually firmly contracted (and empty). The first part of the gut behind the post-proboscidian narrow region is the largest, and for some distance it is not marked by lateral constrictions, as in the succeeding portion. Most of the feet anteriorly present a condition approaching that of the adult, though the dorsal cirrus is shorter. Only the last two feet are devoid of bristles externally. The caudal cirri are now considerably longer. The circulation of the red blood in the dorsal and ventral trunks is now evident. ‘The segmental organs extend backwards to the posterior feet, though not quite to the tail. So far as observed at St. Andrews, therefore, there is no foundation for the statement that the Scotch representatives are hermaphrodite, and still less that they are viviparous, as 184 Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory. mentioned by Max Schultze, by the ‘ Cambridge Natural History,’ and by Gravier. Max Schultze* gives a circum- stantial account of finding female examples in April at Greifswald with ciliated eggs and pear-shaped larvee in the body-cavity, and he figures two of the latter, hundreds of which occurred in the cavities at the bases of the feet. His figures, however, give rise to doubt as to the nature of the ciliated forms, which have the narrow end of the pear anteriorly with the two eyes at some distance behind it. In one, indeed, the mouth is indicated behind the eyes as a small radiated disk. The posterior end of the larva is broad and rounded. In the light of the condition at St. Andrews doubt arises as to correctness of the interpretation, more especially in view of the structure of the larva; but it is right to give a margin for possible variations in regard to internal fertilization under certain circumstances. Yet it seems unlikely. The foregoing interpretation as to the mode of reproduction would seem to be most in accordance with observation, since on the 28th May masses of clayey mud brought from the habitat of the species and with the annelids zn s¢tw showed many free ova amongst the mud coating the walls of the tube, and, further, of various postlarval examples. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE VI.Tt Fig. 1. Ventral view of the head of a porbeagle shark, 9 feet long, showing the rounded tip of the hyoidean apparatus (a) pro- jecting from its smoothly finished aperture. Fig. 2. Aspect of the same region from the interior of the mouth. Fig. 3, Lateral view of the preparation, indicating the projection of the hyoidean boss, N.B.—The first figure is drawn to a larger scale than figs. 2 and 3, which are nearly equally reduced. Prats VII. Fig. 1. Third right arm of the large Ommastrephes sagittatus, d’Orb., showing the keel to the left, the web with its supporting rays, and the suckers. A portion of the web has been removed. Slightly reduced. * ‘Entwickelung von Arenicola piscatorum nebst Bemerk. ber Ent- wickel. and. Kiemenw. 1856, p. 214, Taf. ix. figs. 11 & 12. + I am indebted to the Carnegie Trust for these figures, those of Pl. VIL, and four of Pl, VIII. i On apparently new Mammals, 185 Fig. 2. Inner face of the same arm with four suckers. Slightly enlarged. Fig. 3. Horny rim of a sucker, showing the arrangement of the sharp teeth, usually on the distal margin of the rim. Enlarged. Priate VIII. Fig. 1. Masses of perivisceral corpuscles near the bases of the feet of Nereis diversicolor, O. F. M., 7th December, 1906. x Zeiss oc. 2, obj. F. Fig. 2. Male elements. Similarly magnified. Fig. 3. Large corpuscles floating freely in the coelomic space, 21st January, 1907. xX Zeiss oc. 2, obj. F. Fig. 4. Postlarval form of 28th May, 1907, with three bristle-tufts (one rudimentary). Fig. 5. Another of same date with three bristle-bundles. Fig. 6. Mandible of the foregoing. x Zeiss oc. 2, obj. D. 4g. 7. Postlarval form of 28th May with tive bristle-bundles. Magnified, Fig. 8. Postlarval form of 28th May with eight bristle-bundles. Magnified. XXVIII.—Deseriptions of apparently new Species and Sub- species of Mammals belonging to the Families Lemuride, Cebide, Callitrichidee, and Cercopithecidee in the Collection of the Natural History Museum. By D.G. Evtior, D.Sc., F.R.S.E., &e. HavinG for some time been engaged in the study of the Primates, it was found necessary to investigate the material contained in the various great museums in the Old World, and, beginning with the vast collection of the Primates con- tained in the Natural History Museum, London, my friend Mr. Oldfield Thomas, Curator of Mammalogy in that institu- tion, not only most kindly gave me every facility for pursuing my studies, but also requested that I would describe any specimen that I found in the collection that 1 considered might be new. In various genera the Museum is very rich both in number of species and examples, and the advantage one possessed in working with such splendid material is exemplified in the comparatively large number of new forms contained in this paper. My thanks, therefore, are especially due to Mr. ‘Thomas for the opportunity, not only of examining the great collection under his care, but of making known to mammalogists the various forms that seemed worthy of special recognition. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 13 186 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new Family Lemuride. Genus GALAGO. Galago zuluensis, sp. - Type locality. Zululand, East Africa. Gen. char. Similar to G. Hinde’, but browner and with much larger ears ; tail darker and shorter. Skull one third larger than that of G. Hinde, teeth larger. Colour. Head and upperparts broccoli-brown and grey mixed, darkest on the head; outer side of limbs wood-brown 5 dorsal line washed with Mars brown; underparts and inner side-of limbs yellowish white ; hands and feet greyish brown; tail above pale Mars brown, beneath paler ; ears black. Measurements. Total length about 570 mm.; tail 320; ears 31 (skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length 70; hensel 57; zygomatic width 46; intertemporal width 19; palatal length 28; breadth of brain-case 33; length of nasals 19; length of upper molar series 29; length of mandible 46 ; length of lower molar series 23. B.M. no. of type 94. 6. 29. 1. This animal is of about the same size in head and body- length as G. Hindet, but has a considerably shorter and much darker tail. When the two are placed side by side G. Hindei appears like a grey animal in comparison. The ears of the present form are about one third larger both in length and width. In their dried and shrunken state they measure 31 mm. in length and 27 mm. wide, while those of G. Hindei are 24 mm. by 22 mm. respectively. There is such a vast difference in the size of the skulls and teeth that they hardly admit of comparison. In colour G. zuluensis is much like G. crassicaudatus, but has a much smaller skull, it being midway between G'. crassicaudatus and G. Hindet, with all the differences such a disparity of size would create. Galago Hindei, sp. n. Type locality. Kitui, Athi River, British East Africa. Altitude 3500 feet. Gen. char. Size large, colour pale; ear small ; tail very long. Smaller in total length than either G. crasstcaudatus or G. Garnetti. Colour. Head and upperparts pale wood-brown, washed on head and dorsal region with darker brown ; arms and hands like head; outer side of legs isabella-colour ; feet dark Species and Subspecies of Mammals. 187 brown; chin vinaceous cinnamon; rest of underparts white ; tail above pale wood-brown, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length about 575 mm.; tail 370; hind foot 86; ear 39. Skull: occipito-nasal length 63; hensel 49; zygomatic width 42; intertemporal width 20 ; palatal length 23; breadth of brain-case 29; length of nasals 19; length of upper molar series 19; length of man- dible 41; length of lower molar series 20. B.M. no. of type 1. 5. 6. 2. The skull of this form is considerably smaller than that of either G. crassicaudatus or G. Garnetti. In colour it differs in being paler and in the very long, pale, almost white tail. Two specimens are in the Museum collection varying slightly in colour, the paratype having unfortunately lost half its tail. Galago gabonensis Batesi, subsp. n. Type locality. Como River, Gaboon, West Africa. Gen. char, Similar to G. gabonensis, but much darker above and has a black tail and light grey feet, and from G. Alleni it is distinguished by its black tail and grey feet and legs below the knee. Colour. Forehead, base of ears, cheeks, stripe between eyes, and nose light grey ; top of head and hind-neck and upper- parts dark mummy-brown ; outer side of arms dark tawny; a patch of tawny on thigh, the upper portion darker than the lower; rest of legs brownish grey, becoming clear grey on feet ; throat and front of neck yellowish, rest of lower parts whitish; hands greyish mummy-brown; tail seal-brown, sprinkled with grey on basal half. Lars large, blackish. Measurements. Total length 470 mm.; tail 250. Skull: occipito-nasal length 48; hensel 38; zygomatic width 32; intertemporal width 18; palatal length 19; width of brain- case 24; length of nasals 13; length of upper molar series 16 ; length of mandible 31; length of lower molar series 14. B.M. no. of type 96. 10. 9. 4. While this race has a general resemblance to both G. Alleni and G. gabonensis, it can readily be distinguished from both: by its grey legs and feet from G. Alleni, and from G. gabon- ensis by its grey feet, darker upperparts, and black tail. The two forms come together on the Como River, but there are no intermediate specimens. Galago braccatus, sp. n. Type locality. Mount Kilimanjaro, East Africa. Gen. char. Similar to G. gallarum, but darker grey above, 13# 188 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new and the bright buff of the limbs ends abruptly on meeting the grey colour, and does not grade into it as in the allied species. Colour. Head and neck buff, the hairs tipped with black, giving to these parts a grizzled appearance; rest of upper- parts iron-grey ; orbital ring black; stripe between eyes, nose, upper lip, neck, and chin grey ; outer side of arms and legs buff; hands and feet yellowish grey; inner side of thighs and underparts yellowish white; tail dark Prout’s brown, hairs tipped with white; ears large, naked, black. Measurements. 'Votal length about 480 mm.; tail 300 (skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length 45; hensel 32; zygo- matic width 29; intertemporal width 19; palatal length 15; width of brain-case 24 ; length of nasals 12; length of upper molar series 13; length of mandible 26; length of lower molar series 13. BM. no. of type 2. 11. 5..1. This rather handsome species was obtained by Mr. A. B. Percival on Mount Kilimanjaro, East Africa. While allied to G. gallarum, Vhomas, it is easily distinguished from that species by its dark grey colour and the abruptness with which the buff and grey come together on the legs. As is to be expected of an animal dwelling at a high altitude, the fur is thick and long. ‘There are no perceptible differences in the skulls. Galago nyase, sp. n. Type locality. Mountains south of Lake Nyasa, Central Africa, Gen. char. Fur woolly; tail bushy; skull, though much broken, exhibits great differences from that of G. sennar- ensis, ranging from the White Nile south to Ankola west of the Victoria Nyanza. The rostrum is long and more slender, the nasals long and narrow ; the palate is long and narrow, and not so wide posteriorly as in the skulls of G. sennar- ensts ; the anterior line of the orbit is in front of m' instead of in front of pm’, as seen in the other; there is only a slight rise of the frontal above the rostrum, thus causing the superior outline of the skull to be flatter. Colour. General hue above broccoli-brown ; outer side of arms broccoli-brown; legs cream-buff; chest cream-buff ; underparts and inner side of limbs yellowish white. Measurements. Total length about 355 mm. ; tail 185 (skin). Skull: from frontal suture to end of nasals 27; length of nasals, median line, 10; width of rostrum at canines 7 ; length of palate 15; width between last molars 7; length of Species and Subspecies of Mammals. 189 upper molar series 13; length of mandible 24; length of lower molar series 13. The type and an example in alcohol from Zomba, Nyasa- land, are the only representatives of this species in the collection. B.M. no. of type 64. 12. 10. 15. While perhaps this species resembles G. gallarum in colour more than any other, the skull, in its long and narrow rostrum and low crown, is very different. The type was procured by Dr. Kirk, when he was accompanying Dr. Livingstone, the famous African explorer. Subgenus HemicaLaco. Galugo Thomast, sp. n. Type locality. Fort Benin, Semliki River, Central Africa. Gen. char. Larger than G. Demidoffi; colour quite different. Skull much larger; differently shaped brain- case, much broader in occipital region and higher over roots of zygomata ; teeth much larger. Colour. Head and upperparts drab, washed with Mars brown on head and dorsal region ; stripe between eyes and nose yellowish white; outer side of limbs drab; underparts and inner side of limbs buff; tail Mars brown. Measurements. Total length 347 mm.; tail 210; hind foot 58; ear 28. Skull: occipito-nasal length 40; hensel 28 ; zygomatic width 25 ; intertemporal width 163; palatal length 14; breadth of brain-case 21; length of nasals 12 ; length of upper molar series 11; length of mandible 22; length of lower molar series 11. B.M. no. of type 6. 12. 4. 58. This, the fourth member of the subgenus Hemigalago, differs from all the others in colour and dimensions, being the largest of all, and cannot well be compared with or mistaken forany of them. The skull shows many and great differences from those of the other species. The type was procured on the boundary-line of Uganda and the Congo Free State, and a second and somewhat darker specimen at Dumo, Uganda. Whether it penetrates farther into the Congo Region or is confined to Uganda is unknown. Family Cebide. Genus AOTUS. Aotus boliviensis, sp. n. Type locality. Province of Sara, Central Bolivia. Gen. char. Similar in colour to A. Azare, but cranial 190 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new characters quite different. Orbits wider and higher ; orbital portion of frontal bulging outward, forming a decided cwve from the frontal to the nasals; nasals longer and wider ; brain-case longer and narrower posteriorly ; extreme width across orbits much greater ; superior outline of skull much less curved; angle of occipital region much less; teeth larger, particularly the last upper molar; space from poste- rior edge of foramen magnum to interparietal much greater ; basioccipital between bullae much wider. Colour. Similar to A. Azare, but more tinged with red on upperparts ; a white spot near each eye extending back upon the head; a broad black line on middle of forehead from nose to between ears and a narrow black line from corner of eye on each side of the head bordering the white spot ; upper- parts mixed iron-grey and russet, becoming more brownish on lower back; cheeks and chin white; sides yellowish brown; inner side of limbs and underparts pale orange- ochraceous ; hands and feet dark greyish brown; tail mixed ochraceous rufous and black on basal half, remainder black. The hairs of tail are all ochraceous rufous at base, and this shows more or less throughout the entire length. Measurements. Total length 720 mm.; tail 400; hind foot 100; ear 35. Skull: total length 64; occipito-nasal length 61:5; hensel 44; zygomatic width 40°5; inter- temporal width 33; extreme width of orbits 45; height of orbits 21; length of nasals 12; width of brain-case 36 ; distance from foramen magnum to interparietal 11; width of basioccipital between bulle anteriorly 3°5; length of upper molar series 14; length of mandible 41; length of lower molar series 16. B.M. no. ot type 7. 8. 2. 9. While similar in colour to A. Azara, the present species differs greatly in its cranial characters. The skull is much Jarger and the brain-case considerably longer, while the orbits are enormous, very large even for these big-eyed animals, Two specimens (a male and female) were obtained by Mr. J. Steinbach in the Province of Sara, Central Bolivia. Genus SAIMIRI. Saimirt macrodon, sp. n. Type locality. Copataza River, Ecuador. Gen. char. Similar to S. sc’urea, but hands and feet much darker. Skull has a much higher and narrower brain-case, much wider palate, larger teeth, with the external line of the Species and Subspecies of Mammals. 191 upper tooth-row much more curved; zygomatic arch wider and intertemporal width greater ; bulla narrower and longer. 2 Geogr. distr. Upper waters of the Amazon in Kcuador, and eru. Colour. General colour like S. sevurea, with the back darker, that of the type being tawny and black on the dorsal region; golden yellow and black on the flanks ; arms above elbows dark grey washed with yellow; legs paler; underparts yellowish white ; the forearms, hands, and feet tawny ; head and tail like S. sciurea. Measurements. Size similar to S. scturea. Skull: occipito- nasal length 64°5 mm. ;. zygomatic width 43 ; intertemporal width 32; length of nasals 11; width of brain-case 36 ; height of brain-case above zygomata 35 ; palatal length 19 ; length of upper molar series 16; width of palate between canines 12; width of palate between last molars 13. B.M. no. of type 80. 5. 6. 15. While the general colour of this animal’ resembles that of S. scturea from the east coast of South America, it is at once noticeable by its much darker forearms, hands, and feet. The greatest differences, however, between the two forms are exhibited in the skulls and in the large teeth of the present species. The brain-case has quite a different shape, being long and narrow, with an elevated forehead sloping rapidly downward to the occiput, which is narrow and rounded. The palate is wider throughout its length; the teeth much larger, the canines longer and stouter. Several examples were obtained in the type locality and others from the Jurua River, a tributary of the Amazon, and from Marcapata, Peru. Genus CALLICEBUS. Callicebus usto-fuscus, sp. n.. Type locality. “ Brazil.” Gen. char. Allied to OC. cupreus, but much darker in colour; teeth much larger; palate longer and narrower ; brain-case wider; space between pterygoid processes and bulle and the width of basioceipital throughout its length greater, Practically the skull is larger in every way and more massive. Mandible longer and heavier, and the depth of the ramus greater. Colour. General hue above burnt-umber, the hairs being slaty-grey at base, then annulated with two bands of slate- and two of clay-colour, and a dark tip. Face naked, black ; top of head a mixed dark ochraceous rufous and black, the 192 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new black predominating on the forehead; the rump is redder than the back and is a burnt-sienna on the outer side of the limbs; hands and feet claret-brown ; sides of head, throat, inner side of limbs, and underparts maroon ; basal third of tail black, the hairs being chestnut with broad black tips, rest of tail mixed black and yellowish grey or very pale clay- colour, the underside of tail being almost altogether clay- colour; ears black. Measurements. Size about the same as C. cupreus. Skull: occipital region has been cut away; intertemporal width 32 mm.; zygomatic width 41; palatal length 215; width between last molars 12; breadth of brain-case 35; length of nasals 9; length of upper molar series 14; length of m* 5; length of mandible 42; extreme height of mandible 35; length of lower molar series 17-5. B.M. no. of type 51. 7. 3. 1. This species is nearest C. cupreus, but is altogether different in colour and darker in all its hues. The skulls also are not at all in accord, the differences mentioned being very con- spicuous when they are compared. The unique example has no history beyond the statement that it came from Brazil. Callicebus subrufus, sp. n. Type locality, Pachitea, Ucayali River, Peru. Altitude 400 to 500 feet. Gen. char. Allied to C. leucometopa, but colour entirely different. Colour. Face black; a narrow black bar on forehead above eyes, succeeded by a broader one of white; rest of head on top, neck, and entire upperparts bright russet, becoming darker and more reddish on the rump, the hairs being slate at base, then alternately ringed with slate and bright russet, or on the rump with slate and dark russet or reddish ; arms to elbows and thighs to knees grey, the hairs being seal-brown at base, then russet, and tips grey, this colour overlying the rest ; hands and feet and rest of limbs bright chestnut-red ; sides of face, whiskers, inner side of limbs, throat, chest, and middle of abdomen bright chestnut- red ; fingers and toes yellowish grey ; tail, basal third black, with chestnut hairs mixed with black at the root, remainder light grey above, whitish beneath ; hair on ears white. Measurements. Size about equal to that of C. leucometopa. Skull: occipito-nasal length 51 mm.; hensel 40; zygomatic width 35; intertemporal width 29; palatal length 18; breadth of brain-case 33; nasals broken; length of upper Species and Subspecies of Mammals. 193 molar series 16; length of mandible 35; length of lower molar series 16. B M. no. of type 4. 7. 7. 2. While allied to C. leucometopa, the great difference in colour the present species exhibits makes it easily recog- nizable. In its yellowish-grey fingers and toes it shows a leaning towards C. ornatus, but in other respects it has no resemblance to that species. Genus LAGOTHRIX. Lagothri« lugens, sp. n. Type locality. Mountains 2° 20’ north of Tolima, Colombia. Altitude 5000 to 7000 feet. Gen. char. Body stout, heavy, as in L. lagotricha, but colour very different; fur thick, woolly; limbs moderately long ; tail very long and very broad at base. Colour.—Male. Head, arms, and body dark purplish brown, almost black; legs and tail blackish brown washed with grey, the hairs being blackish brown at base, then black and tipped with grey or yellowish; breast reddish chestnut, rest of underparts black. Measurements. Size same as ZL, lagotricha. Skull: total length 112 mm.; occiput broken ; occipito-nasal length 105; zygomatic width 74; intertemporal width 45; palatal length 34; breadth of brain-case 57 ; length of brain-case from end of nasals 79; length of nasals 13 ; width of nasals anteriorly 13; length of upper molar series 24; length of mandible 74 ; length of lower molar series 30°5. B.M. no. of type 90. 2. 22. 2. Two specimens are in the collection which differ so markedly from all other members of the genus that it is impossible to assign them to any described species. ‘The fur is soft and very thick, particularly so at the base of the tail. One is dark purplish brown or blackish on the upperparts to rump, and blackish to grey on legs and tail; the other is darker. The skulls resemble, as may be expected, those of L. lagotricha and L, infumatus in general, but the nasals have a depression in the middle and the anterior portion stands at a right angle to the posterior and are very broad anteriorly ; the brain-case is shorter than in the skulls of the other species and the narial opening is of a different shape, like a heart but not so pointed, more rounded on the lower side. 194 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new Family Cer copithecidz. Genus PaAPio. Papio strepitus, sp. n. Type locality. Fort Johnston, Nyasaland, 8.E. Africa. Gen. char. Size large, exceeding the dimensions of P. pruinosus; hair very long, loose; face partly naked ; brain-case about two thirds the length of the facial region ; nasals only slightly raised above rostrum, wide anteriorly ; pit in side of lower jaw long and deep ; palate narrow and of nearly equal width throughout its entire length; tooth-rows straight. Colour. Forehead mixed pale yellow and black; crown and nape dull tawny ochraceous, centre of crown darker, the hairs ringed with dull tawny ochraceous and black, those on side Prout’s brown at base, rest tawny ochraceous. The appearance of the crown and nape is more reddish than yellow, with a dark central portion ; sides of head below ears buff; lower part of neck to middle of back purplish drab and ochraceous buff; base of hairs purplish drab, the rest ringed with black and ochraceous buff, some hairs tawny ochraceous tipped with black. The purplish drab of the base of hairs dominates the other colours and gives a kind of dark patch to this part of the back. On the shoulder is a patch of hairs, buff at their roots, graduating to cream-buff at their tips, not ringed; lower part of back paler than the upper, more yellow showing, and over all the upperparts are numerous long hairs with whitish tips; flanks ochraceous buff; upper part of arms, entire legs, and feet ochraceous buff; forearms and hands mixed ochraceous buff and black, the latter being the colour of the base of the hairs showing through ; underparts yellowish grey ; tail at base like back, mixed black and ochraceous, tip ochraceous buff; cheeks and sides of nose and the lips covered with short yellowish hairs ; upper eyelids flesh-colour, space beneath the eyes and the nose black. Measurements. Head and body 915 mm. ; tail €09 (skin). ~ Skull: total length 195; occipito-nasal length 160; hen- sel 139; intertemporal width 58; zygomatic width 115; palatal length 86; breadth of brain-case 79; length of nasals 72; anterior width of nasals 14; length of upper molar series 45; length of mandible 115; length of lower molar series 60. B.M. no. of type 97. 10. 1. 9. Species and Subspecies of Mammals. 195 The general appearance of this species is that of a yellowish animal, with a brownish back and a reddish head and limbs, and underparts whitish grey. ‘This is the effect the various colours of the hairs produce when glancedat. In coloration it belongs to the light-hued baboons, of which section P. babuin may be considered a representative. Looked at in certain lights the hairs have a greenish-yellow tint, but when care- fully examined the colours are as given in the description ‘and unlike any of the other species. ‘Two specimens were obtained by Sir H. H. Johnston in Nyasaland, the type at Fort Johnston and the other at Zomba on Lake Nyasa. The species bears no resemblance whatever to P. prudnosus, Thomas, also procured at Fort Johnston, either in colour or in the characters of the skull. Genus COLOBUS. Colobus tephrosceles, sp. n. Type locality. Ruahara River, Toro, altitude 4000 feet, Centra] Africa. Gen. char. Similar to C. rufomitratus, but differs in not having any black on the head between tufts, in the pale coloured arms and legs, in the grey-brown basal portion of the tail, in the absence of black stripe between ears and shoulders, and in the feet and hands being brownish black instead of dark olive-brown. Upright tufts on sides of crown above ears. Colour. A narrow black band on forehead extending backwards to ears; top of head and nape dark rusty brown ; upright tufts dark rusty brown, mixed with some brownish- black hairs tipped with yellow, these showing chiefly on the outer side of the tufts; sides of head between ears and eyes blackish grey, the hairs hiding the ears; side of lip purplish grey, this extending over the lower jaw; hairs on upper part of back long, covering the shoulders, brownish black, grading into dark Prout’s brown on sides and rump; outer side ot arms pale greyish brown; outer side of legs pale brownish grey, lighter than the arms; underparts and inner side of limbs greyish white; hands brownish black; feet Vandyke brown ; tail, basal third greyish brown, remainder blackish brown, grading into black at tip. Measurements, No skull to type specimen. Another skull without skin, procured by Sir H. H. Johnston in Toro, has total length 116 mm.; occipito-nasal length 95; hensel 84; zygomatic width 78; intertemporal width 44 ; palatal 196 Mr. O. Thomas on length 45; length of nasals 16; length of upper molar series 29; length of mandible 81; length of lower molar series 35. B.M. no. of type 1.8. 9. 129. Three examples of this remarkable monkey were procured by Sir H. H. Johnston (one adult and two young) on the east side of Mount Ruwenzori at an altitude of 4000 feet. It is evidently closely allied to C. rufomitratus from the coast, but exhibits quite sufficient differences in colour and markings to entitle it to a distinctive rank. As the species was not seen by the members of the Ruwenzori Expedition, lately returned to England, it must be considered as rare even in its own district. XXIX.—On Mammals from Northern Persia, presented to the National Museum by Col. A. C. Bailward. By OLDFIELD ‘THomas, F.R.S. In 1905 Col. A. C. Bailward made a shooting-trip across Persia, taking with him Mr. R. B. Woosnam to pay special attention to the collecting of natural history specimens, and he then obtained the series of mammals of which I gave an account during the succeeding winter *. During the present year Col. Bailward has again been to Persia, taking Mr. Woosnam with him, but this time to the northern part of the country, between ‘Teheran and the Caspian, and there Mr. Woosnam has collected the specimens enumerated below. Few in number as they are, for the trip was quite a short one, they include no less than five new forms, while all of them are most valuable accessions to the Museum, which had previously possessed almost nothing from that region. We thus have reason to be most grateful to Col. Bailward for taking advantage of his trip to increase our National C:llections in a region as yet so poorly represented in the Museum; and the marked success of the present expedition should encourage him and others to repeat the experiment. 1. Pipistrellus Kuhl, Natt. gd. 120. Teheran, Persia. 4600’. A pale form, probably representing P. lepidus, Bly. * P, Z. S, 1905, ii, p. 519. Mummals from Northern Persia. 197 2. Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Schr. d. 118. South coast of Caspian. 150’. 3. Pterygistes noctula, Schr. dg. 134, 135. Resht, S. coast of Caspian. 4, Myotis myosotis, Bechst. do. 132; 2.131. Elburz Mts., near Resht. 400’. 5. Miniopterus Schreibersi pallidus, subsp. n. 9. 113. South coast of Caspian. Alt. —25 m. 25th March, 1907. B.M. no, 7.7.14.7. Type. Similar to typical J/. Schretbersi in all essential respects, but the general colour is paler, approximating to Ridgway’s ** wood-brown,” while Schredbersi is rather darker than * broccoli-brown.” Below, the colour, smoky grey in Schreibersi, is more or less suffused with buffy, especially in the inguinal region and along the proximal edge of the interfemoral. Dimensions of the type (the starred measurements taken in the flesh) :— Forearm 46°5 mm. *Head and body 55; *tail 57; *ear 12. Skull: condylo-basal length 15; basisinual length 12 ; mastoid breadth 9. All the Huropean Miniopter’ in the Museum collection are quite similar in colour and equally different from this pale Caspian example. 6. Crocidura russula caspica, subsp. n. 6. 106. South coast of Caspian Sea. Alt. —25 m. 16th March, 1907. B.M. no. 7. 7.14.8. Type. Like C. russula monacha, 'Thos.t, but larger, with shorter tail and darker belly. Size markedly larger than in monacha. General colour above of exactly the same smoky brown as in that animal, but below it is even darker, being, in fact, of a brown very little lighter than the upper side. ‘Tail of normal russula proportions, therefore much shorter than in monacha. Skull large, stouter and heavier than in true russuda, there- fore much larger than in monacha, whose skull little exceeds + From the neighbourhood of Trebizond, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 417 (1906). 198 Mr. O. Thomas on that of C. mimula, Mill. Brain-case of the narrow high type characteristic of C. russula. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 77 mm.; tail 38*; hind foot 14; ear 9. Skull: condylo-basal length 21; basal length 19; greatest breadth 9°6; height of brain-case from basion 5:4; length of upper tooth-series 9°4. Fab. and type as above. This Eastern representative of the common C. russula is readily distinguishable from any of the described forms of that species by its dark colour, and especially its very dark under surface, which is scarcely lighter than the upper side. 7. Crocidura leucodon persica, sp. n. do. 127; 2. 128. Elburz Mts., near Demavend. Alt. 6500’.. 2nd May, 1907. B.M. no. 7. 7. 14. 9. . Type. “¢ Trapped near a stream in oak-forest.”—R. B. W. Quite like true German C. leucodon in size, proportions, and skull, but the fur is shorter (hairs of back about 3°5 mm.) and the colour of the adult is much paler, that of the type being somewhat paler than Ridgway’s “drab.” The distri- bution and sharp definition of the upper and lower colours quite as in leucodon. Skull with the characteristic flattened shape of the brain- case found in true C. leucodon. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 72 mm.; tail 35; hind foot 12; ear 8. Skull: condylo-basal length 19; basal length 17; greatest breadth 9°2; height of brain-case from basion 4°6; length of upper tooth-series 9. Hab. and type as above. This pretty little shrew is readily distinguishable from the European C. leucodon by its paler and more drabby colour. From (. Guldenstaedti, Pall., it is at once separable by its much shorter tail, as that species, with a trunk-measurement of 72 mm., has a tail 47 mm. in length. Thanks to the kindness of Dr. Camerano and Dr. Festa, of the Turin Museum, I have been allowed the loan of the typical specimens of de Filippi’s Crocidura fumigatat, and find that that animal is also a longer-tailed form, the spirit- specimen measuring 60 mm, for the head and body and 42 mm. for the tail. All traces of the original colour have * Measured on skin. Mr. Woosnam writes 46, which is probably a lapsus calami for 36. + Viaggio in Persia, p. 345 (1865). Mammals from Northern Persia. 199 unfortunately long vanished from the specimens, but the proportions and skull readily show that it is a different shrew from that now described. The Trebizond form which I described as C. leucodon lasius * differs still more from normal European C. leucodon both in size and length of tail, and [ am now disposed to think it should be recognized as an independent species, whose name would therefore be Crocidura lasia. 8. Mus ratius, L. ?. 102, 108, 109. South coast of Caspian. 0/. 9. Mus musculus, L. 3d. 100, 101, 104, 133. South coast of Caspian. 0. g. 125,126. Elburz Mts., near Demavend. 6500’. 10. Micromys sylvaticus, L. é@.. 103, 105, 107, 117 ;- 2. 114, 115, 116. South.coast of Caspian. 0. d. 129,180; ¢. 124. Elburz Mts., near Demavend. 6500'. 11. Nesokia Batlwardi, sp. n. a. §. 351. Bunder-i-gaz, 8. shore of Caspian. Alt. —25 m. 25th March, 1907. B.M. no. 7. 7.14. 30. Type. A member of the N. Hutton? group. External characters as usual, the general colour of the type wood-brown above, rather paler below. Skull larger and heavier than that of N. [Zuttoni. Superior outline strongly bowed. Nasals short, not broadened in front, evenly but slightly narrowing backwards to the more or less rounded posterior end. Supraorbital ridges very thick and heavy at the postorbital point, abruptly dying away halfway across the parietals. Interparietal fairly large. Bulle as in VV. Huttont. Molars rather small in proportion to the size of the skull. Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen before skinning) :— Head and body 167 mm.; tail 123; hind foot 33; ear 24. Skull: condylo-basal length 42; basilar length 37; zygo- matic breadth 27; nasals, length 12°2, breadth anteriorly 3°9, * Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p..416 (1906), 200 Mr. O. Thomas on mesially 3:7; interorbital breadth 6:1; tip to tip of post- orbital processes 10-7 ; interparietal 4 x 8; palatilar length 23; diastema 14; palatal foramina 5; length of upper molar series (crowns) 6:5, (alveoli) 8:5. Ilab. and type as above. Thespecimen not old, the molars being little worn down and the basilar suture not quite closed. This Nesokia is probably the form referred to WV. Huttont by Radde and Walter* in their paper on the mammals of ‘T'ranscaspia, while they described as new a species (“ N. Boettgert””) which appears to me to be really assignable to the true N. Hutton7, as also, I think, is probably the case with Nehring’s “ WV. Huttont var. Sutuniné” — from Merv. The majority of the measurements of the skull given by Radde and Walter for N. Boettgert might actually have been taken from the typical skull of N. /Zuttoni now in the British Museum (no. 79. 11. 21. 499), while a topotype of N. H. Satu- nini 1s also quite similar. NV. Bailwardi mainly differs from N. Huttonz by its larger size, more bowed skull, and the heavier supraorbital ridges, these characters being the more noteworthy as the typical skull is distinctly younger than that of the Kandahar species. A close ally is described in the succeeding paper. 12. Microtus terrestris persicus, de Fil. g. 110. S. coast of Caspian Sea. Alt. 0. “‘ Trapped on banks of a stream.”—R. B. W. As with the type of Crocidura fumigata, I have been most kindly allowed the loan of de Filippi’s examples of his « Arvicola amphibius var. persicus” by the authorities of the ‘Turin Museum. To that form two voles from Van, obtained in 1896 by Major W. H. Williams, were referred by Barrett-Hamilton f, and the interest in examining the type was to see if it presented the peculiar rounded character of the molars, to be described further on, which was present in these Van examples. De Filippi’s specimens consist of a stuffed specimen and | an imperfect skull ; but as it was possible that the two indi- viduals might differ in the character of their teeth, I have been permitted to extract the skull of the stuffed specimen, which must be regarded as the main type, since the external * Zool. Jahrb. Syst. iv. p. 1056 (1889). + SB. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1899, p. 108. ~ Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist, (7) ii, p. 224 (1899). Mammals from Northern Persia. 201 characters were alone used by de Filippi to distinguish his variety. The skull so extracted proves fortunately to be perfect, and is therefore a great improvement on the broken skull on which he based his statement that the osteological characters of the Persian vole were absolutely the same as those of Arvicola amphibius. But the statement itself needs practi- cally no modification, for this typical skull has no special peculiarities, and in particular has the normal angular molars found in European water-voles in general. It therefore precisely agrees with Mr. Woosnam’s specimen no. 110 from the low-lying shores of the Caspian Sea, a region through which de Filippi also passed; and I am disposed to believe, therefore, that though that author first saw animals of this group at Sultanieh, which is on the plateau south of the Elburz, the actual specimen he brought home and described was from the lower and more northern region. Moreover, in speaking of them at Sultanieh, he says they were abundant then and onwards to the end of his time in Persia, a state- ment that covers the Caspian as well as the Elburz region. Actual Sultanieh specimens may hereafter upset this con- clusion; but in any case I feel compelled to distinguish the round-toothed forms as a different subspecies, to which all the specimens as yet certainly known to come from the plateau belong. 13. Microtus terrestris armenius, subsp. n. ¢. 123. Elburz Mts., near Demavend. Alt. 9000'. [ gd. 16,17. Van, Armenia, Alt. 5000’. Presented by Major W. H. Williams, R.A.] “Shot in a small stream.”—2R. B. W. “ Dug out of hole by stream.”—W. H. W. External characters quite as in J. t. persicus, except that the general tone is slightly greyer and the ears are rather shorter. Skull essentially as in that animal, though the brain-case is, perhaps, a little longer in proportion to its breadth and the nasals incline to be more expanded anteriorly. Molars with quite the same pattern as in the lowland form, but all the enamel-bound spaces, instead of being sharply angular externally and internally, are rounded, often almost circular, so that there are no real angles, external or internal, either above or below, the teeth having therefore a very peculiar and characteristic appearance, quite unlike that found in normal water-voles. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Serv. 7. Vol. xx. 14 202 Mr. O. Thomas on Dimensions of the type (taken in flesh) :— Head and body 195 mm.; tail 126; hind foot 29; ear 16. Skull: condylo-basal length 41°5; basilar length 37:2; greatest breadth 25; nasals 11°2X5°6; interorbital con- striction 4°8; palatal foramina 7; length of upper molar series (crowns) 9°6, (alveoli) 10:1. External dimensions of Mr. Woosnam’s specimen (mea- sured in flesh) :— Head and body 174 mm.; tail 136; hind foot 33; ear 16. Hab. Armenia and N.W. Persia, on plateau. Type from Van, 5000!. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 97.6. 4.10. Original number 17. Collected 25rd December, 1896, and presented by Major W. H. Williams, R.A. I can find no evidence that the peculiar rounded character of the molar spaces, as contrasted with their normal angular condition in the type of persicus and the Caspian Sea specimen no. 110, is due either to sex, age, or individual variation, and it therefore seems advisable to give a special name to the specimens that show it in spite of their resem- blance to the Jowland examples in other respects. 14. Microtus sp. Sd. 121. Elburz Mts., near Demavend. 4000’. A small species of the MZ. arvalis group. 15. Cervus elaphus, L. Young ?. 122. Elburz Mts., near Demavend. 5000). XXX.—A Subdivision of the Old Genus Nesokia, with Descriptions of Three new Members of the Group, and of a Mus from the Andamans. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. THE genus Nesokia contains three such very distinct and natural groups that in accordance with modern ideas they should be recognized as distinct genera. ‘Their respective characters have already been described by Anderson, Blanford, and myself, but the most tangible may be briefly recapitulated as follows :— new Mummals from the Andamans. 203 I. Nesoxra, Gray, Ann. & Mag. N. H. x. p. 264 (1842). Type. Arvicola indica*, Gray & Hardwicke. (Nesokia LHardwicket auctorum.) Skull short and broad. Palatal foramina short. Molars laminate, least M/us-like. Mamme 2—2=8., ‘II. Gunomys f, gen. nov. Type. Arvicola bengalensis, Gray & Hardwicke. (Nesokia bengalensis auct.) Skull broad. Palatal foramina long. Mamme irregular, 14-18 in number. III. Banpicora, Gray, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) xii. p. 418 (L8¢3). Type. ‘ Bandicota gigantea,” i. e. B. bandicota, Bechst. Skull comparatively long and narrow. Palatal foramina lone. Molars most Mus-like. Mamme 3—3=12. These three genera are specialized in the order given, Nesokia being the most extreme and the farthest from Mus, both in skull, tooth-structure, and external characters, and Bandicota the nearest, while Gunomys is intermediate between the other two. Nesokia suilla, sp. n. Nesokia Bacheri, Nehring, Anderson & de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm. p. 286, pl. L. (1902). Closely allied to WV. Bailwardit. Distinguished from N. Bacheri§ by smaller size and smaller bullee. Colour and other external characters as in WV. Bailwardt. Skull, as compared with that of N. Barlwardi, averaging about the same size, but with various differences in detail. Zygomata more boldly expanded and forming a strongly convex shoulder opposite their anterior root, those of N. Bail- wardi evenly broadening outwards to their posterior part. * Bechstein’s Mus indicus being now removed, as a Bandicota, from the genus Nesokia, the specific term given by Gray and Hardwicke again becomes tenable for the animal usually known as Nesokia Hardwicket. The same specimen (B.M. no, 99 a) is the type of both names. { yodvos, fruitful, prolific. t Supra, p. 199. § Dr. Nehring (SB. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1901, p. 219) states that the type of Wagner's ‘* Meriones myosuros,” which is a Nesokia, is of the same size as N. Bacheri. It would therefore be larger than either VN. Batlwardt or XN. suilla. 14* 204 Mr. O. Thomas on Nasals decidedly longer, broadened and projected forward anteriorly, then abruptly narrowed posteriorly in their middle third, and running backwards to a point, their edges, behind the anterior third, very faintly concave. Supraorbital ridges, even in the oldest specimens, not so thick as in N. Bailwardi. Interparietal smaller. Bulla as in NV. Batlwardi, conspicu- ously smaller than in N. Bacheri. Molars larger than in N. Bailwardi, the crown measurement of an immature specimen 7°6 mm., as against 6°5 in that animal (9:0 in NV. Bacheri). Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body 185 mm. ; tail113; hind foot 32; ear 16. Skull: condylo-basal length 44°5; basilar length 39; zygomatic breadth 27; nasals, length 15, anterior breadth 5, middle breadth 3°6; interorbital breadth 6°1; inter- parietal 3°2 x 6; palatilar length 24:5; diastema 15:5; palatal foramina 6°2; length of upper molar series (crowns) 7°8, (alveoli) 8°8. Hab. Eastern Egypt. Type from Shaluf, Suez. Type. Old male. B.M. no. 4.8.2.29. Original number 59. From the collection of the late Dr. John Anderson ; presented by Mrs. Anderson. Several examples of the Egyptian Nesokda, all agreeing in the above-mentioned characters, have now been received by the Museum. Besides Dr. Anderson’s original series there are three, purchased alive in Cairo by the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, and one, said to be from the Fayoum, presented by Capt. 8. S. Flower. Gunomys varius, sp. n. The Malay representative of G. bengalensis. Size decidedly larger than in G. bengalensis. Fur very coarse and harsh, though not to be called spiny; freely mixed with longer piles attaining 3-4 cm. in length. General colour above coarsely mixed black and cream-buff, without the brown tints of G. bengalensis. Individually the ordinary hairs are slaty at base, black at tip, with a broad cream-buff subterminal band ; the longer piles black, a few of them white. Under surface dull grizzled greyish, the slaty-grey bases of the hairs more conspicuous than their dull whitish tips. Head and dorsal line particularly heavily pencilled with black. Kars brown. Hands and feet brown on the middle of the metapodials, whitish laterally and on the digits. Tail well clothed with coarse hairs 2-3 mm. in length; dark brown above, rather paler below. new Mammals from the Andamans. 205 Skull similar in general characters to that of G. bengalensis, but larger and heavier throughout. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :— Head and body 266 mm.; tail 197; hind foot 40; ear 19. Skull: condylo-basal length 48; basilar length 43; greatest breadth 26°7 ; nasals 16 x 5*2; interorbital breadth 6°5; frontal height * 15°5; palatilar length 25-5; diastema 16:3; palatal foramina 10X2°6; length of upper molar series (crowns) 7°3, (alveoli) 8°5. Hab. Georgetown, Pinang, Malay Peninsula. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 98. 8.3.3. Collected 8th April, 1898, and presented by Capt. 8. S. Flower. This is the “ Mus set/fer, Horsfield,” of Dr. Cantor’s “ List of Malayan Mammals” ft, a specimen collected by him in Pinang having been received with the Indian Museum collections in 1879. G. varius is distinguishable from G. bengalensis by its coarse fur, variegated colour, and comparatively large size. Gunomys varillus, sp. n. Like G. varius, but very much smaller. Size very small, scarcely equalling the smallest S. Indian species of the genus. Fur coarse ; longer piles almost con- fined to the posterior back. General colour above about as in G. varius, or rather more buffy, but the mixture is finer, not so coarsely variegated. Under surface dull greyish, the hairs slaty at base, dull creamy terminally. Hands and feet brown. ‘Tail more finely scaled than in G. varius, uniformly brown. Skull very much smaller in all dimensions than that of G. varius, but essentially similar in form. Nasals short and narrow. Supraorbital aes less heavily developed. Anterior zygomatic plate well projected forwards, much more so than in the equally small §. Indian G. kok. Palatal foramina of equal breadth for their anterior two-thirds, narrowed in their posterior third. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :— Head and body 184 mm. ; tail 137; hind foot 36°5; ear 16. Skull: condylo-basal length 40°5 ; basilar length 35 ; greatest breadth 23; nasals 13 x4°3; interorbital breadth 57; frontal height 12°5; palatilar length 21; diastema 13; palatal foramina 8xX2°4; length of upper molar series (crowns) 7, (alveoli) 8. * From the supraorbital ridge to the alveolus between m!' and m’, + J. A. S. B. xv. p. 254 (1846). 206 On new Mammals from the Andamans. flab. Georgetown, Pinang. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 98.8.3.5. Collected and presented by Capt. S. S. Flower. Another specimen obtained by Dr. Cantor. Both Dr. Cantor in 1845 and Capt. Flower half a century later obtained in the little island of Pinang examples repre- senting two speeies of this genus, a large and a small. The former marked both his specimens as “ Mus setifer,” evidently taking them for the same species, but there cannot be the slightest doubt that they are quite distinct animals, their difference in size being far too great to be due to individual variation. Mus Rogerst, sp. n. A spinous-haired species with 1—3=8 mamme. Size of Mus norvegicus. Fur coarse, profusely mixed with spines, which on the back are about 16 mm. in length by 0-4 mm. in breadth. General colour coarsely grizzled ochraceous brown, the bases of both hairs and spines “pale grey, the tips of the spines black and of the ordinary hairs ochraceous. The few long bristle-hairs are wholly black. Sides greyer. Under surface not sharply defined, pale buffy greyish, the hairs pale slaty at base, dull cream-buff terminally. Hars finely haired, dark grey. Limbs dark grey externally, light grey like belly along their inner aspect. Hands and feet white above, the metapodials slightly darker; fifth hind toe, without claw, reaching to the end of the first phalanx of the fourth. ‘Tail rather shorter than head and body, almost naked; rings of scales about 10 to the centimetre; dark brown above, whitish flesh-colour below. Mamme 1—3=8. Skull strongly built, with well-marked supraorbital beads, which are continued across the parietals to the corners of the interparietals. Muzzle rather narrow, parallel-sided. Palatal foramina not reaching back to the level of the molars. Mesopterygoid fossa broadly rounded in front, its anterior limb slightly anterior to the front end of the parapterygoid fossee on each side of it. Bulle of medium size. Molars small in proportion to the general size. Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen before skinning) :— Head and body 195 mm.; tail 188; hind foot (s. u.) 41; ear 28. Skull: greatest length 48°5; basilar length 40; zygomatic breadth 22°53; nasals 18x95; interorbital breadth 2; greatest separation of parietal ridges 16; palatilar length On some British Polyzoa, 207 23°3; diastema 14-2; palatal foramina 9°2; length of upper molar series 7°8. Hab. W. Coast of South Andaman Island, north of Iké Bay. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6. 4.13.2. Collected February 1904, and presented by C. G. Rogers, Esq. In spite of the number of rats recently described by Mr. G. 8. Miller * from the Andaman group, this fine species does not appear to have been previously obtained. Its very unusual mammary formula, 1—3=8, is alone shared, in the whole of the Muride, by Mus bagobus, Mearns, from the Philippines, and Aldus pulliventer, Miller, from the Nicobars, of which latter it may be the Andaman representative, but from which it differs by its markedly larger size and distinctly bicolor tail. XXXI.— On some British Polyzoa. By Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. [Plate IX.] Micropora impressa (Moll). (Pl. TX. figs. 1-3.) 1803. Eschara impressa, Moll, Eschara, p. 51, pl. ii. fig. 9. 1841. Eschara andegavensis, Michelin, Icon. Zoophyt. p. 829 (nec auct. plur.). 1848. Cellepora gracilis, Reuss, Foss. Polyp. des Wiener Tertiiirbeckens, p- 93, pl. xi. fig. 12 (nec Von Miinster). 1854, Membranipora calpensis, Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 60, pl. civ. figs. 5, 6. 1867. Membranipora bifoveolata, Heller, Bryozoen des adriatischen Meeres, p. 19, pl. ii. fig. 1. 1871. Membranipora calpensis, Manzoni, “Supp. alla Fauna Bryoz, Medit.,” Sitz. k. Akad. d. Wissensch, vol. lxiii. p, 3, pl. i. figs. 2, 3. 1879. Micropora impressa, Waters, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol, ili. p. 123, I have recently found among material put by for further examination a little box which contained three small pieces of the above Polyzoon, and labelled Guernsey. I cannot recall to mind whether I procured these specimens myself at Guernsey in 1865 or whether they were given to me. Other specimens are in my collection from Naples, where I found it in 1887 to be abundant, and from the Adriatic, given to me by my late friend Professor Heller under his name ‘* Membranipora bifoveolata.” * Pr, U.S. Nat. Mus, xxiv. p. 758 (synopsis of species) (1902). 208 Canon A. M. Norman on Genus TEREBRIPORA, d’Orbigny. This interesting genus, the exact position of which cannot be determined until the animal shall have been examined, but which is presumed to be a burrowing Polyzoon, was instituted by d’Orbigny in 1841 * to include two species, Terebripora ramosa and 1’. irregularis, which he had found in shells of Calyptrwa, Crepidula, and Pecten off the South- American coast. In 1865 Paul Fischer published an excellent paper on the family}, inwhich he enumerates all the species both recent and fossil presumed to be referable to his ‘ Famille des Térébri- porides.” In this paper eight recent and fourteen fossil species are recorded. ‘lwo of the recent species had been found in European seas—one, Terebripora Orbigniana, Fischer, bur- rowing in shells of Ostrea edulis at Arcachon, and in Conus mediereancusamdelaten nodifer in the Mediterranean ; the other, Spathipora sertum, Fischer, found at La Rochelle, Arcachon, and the Mediterranean in shells of Lutraria ellip- tica, Cardium norvegicum, Pectunculus glycimeris, and Triton nodifer. In 1880 M. J. Jullien { added another recent species, 7. Fischeri, which was found in a shell of Buccinum from Cape Verd Islands. Terebripora ditrupe, sp.n. (Pl. LX. figs. 4-7.) Terebripora has a mode of growth analogous to that of Flippothoa divaricata, but instead of running over the surface of shells &c, as in the latter species, the whole polyzoary is buried in its substance, except that the orifices of the zocecia open through the surface. The thread-like connecting fibres or stolons in all species hitherto described appear to be quite simple, but in 7’, ditrupe they consist of lines me on one side by small lateral projecting processes (fig. 5). The zocecia are not in the same plane as the connecting fibre, but at right angles to it, in such a manner that they are also per pendicular to the surface (fig. 6). Owing to this position of the zocecia their lower portion is too deeply seated to be seen with the microscope; the oral opening has a somewhat * d@Orbigny (A.), ‘ Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale,’ vol. yi. p. 23, x, 3 + Fischer ( (P.), “ Etude sur les Bryozoaires perforant de la Famille des Térébriporides,” Nouv. Arch. du Museum, vol. ii. pp. 293-313, pl. xi. ¢ Jullien (J.), ‘‘ Desc. nouv. Espéce de Bry ozoaire perforant du genre Terebripora, dOrbigny,” Bull. Soc. Zool, de France, 1880, pp. 1-4 and woodcut (separate copy), some British Polyzoa. 209 irregular margin, but would appear to have a lip-like projection (fig. 7). The calcareous shells of the Annelidan genus Ditrupa are dredged in extraordinary profusion on some parts of the “ Haat” off Shetland. I had saved a large box full of specimens of these, selected on account of encrusting growths on them, mostly of Polyzoa. On examining the contents of this box, which contained at least two thousand Ditrupe, | discovered in one specimen the Terebripora which I have here described. Schizoporella Alderi (Busk). This species is subject to some variation in its mode of growth and in the absence or presence of lateral avicularia. It has been several times described. The original illustra- tions of Busk are very good. The following will give the synonymy of the species :— Var. a.—Chain-like growth ; without avicularia. 1856. Alysidota Alderi, Busk, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. iv. p. 311, pl. ix. figs. 6, 7. 1869. Alysidota Alderi, Norman, “Last Report Dredging Shetland,” Brit. Assoc. Rep. for 1868, p. 306. Var. b.—Chain-like growth; with avicularia. (Chiefly arctic, rare Shetland.) 1867. Mollia vulgaris, forma ansata (partim), Smitt, “ Kritisk Férteck, &e.,” CEfvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Forhand. p. 15, pl. xxv. fig. 81. 1880, Schizoporella Alderi, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Marine Polyzoa, p, 243, pl. xxxvi. figs. 9, 9 a, Var. c.—Clustered growth; without avicularia. (Shetland, &e ) 1860. Lepralia Barleet, Busk, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. vii. p. 148, l. xxvi. figs. 1, 2. 1867. Mollia vulgaris, forma ansata (partim), Smitt, Z. ¢. figs, 79, 82. 1880. Schizoporella Alderi, Hincks, /. ¢. fig. 10. Var. d.— Clustered growth ; with avicularia. (Arctic.) 1867. Mollia vulgaris, var. ansata (partim), Smitt, 2. ¢. fig. 80. 1900. Schizoporella Elmwoodie, Waters, “ Bryozoa from Franz Josef Land,” Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. xxviii. p. 66, pl. ix. figs. 1 & 18. 1905. Schizoporella Stormt, Nordgaard, Hydrog. and Biol. Invest., Invert. Norweg. Fiords, p. 166, pl. v. figs. 1, 2. 1906. Schizoporella Elmwoodie, Kluge, Ergiinz. u. die ‘Olga’ Exped. gesamm, Bryozoen, p. 40. 1906. Schizoporella Stormi, Nordgaard, Bryozoa from Second ‘Fram’ Exped. 1898-1902, p. 17, pl. i. tigs. 10, 11. 210 Canon A. M. Norman on The following examples are in my collection :— Var. a. Aldert.—Shetland (types Barlee) ; Shetland and Bergen Fiord (A. M/. N.). far. b.—Shetland (with Barlee’s types). Var. c. Barleei.—Shetland (types Barlee); Shetland and Bergen Fiord (A. M. NV.) ; ‘ Porcupine,’ 1869 ; Spits- bergen (Smitt, as “ Mollia vulgaris, forma ansata’’), Var. d. Elwoodie.—Grey Hook, Spitsbergen, 90 fath. (Smite, as Mollia vulgaris, var. ansata); Hammerfest (WVord- gaard, cotypes of Schizcporella Storm). Escharina Dutertre’ (Audouin). (Pl. IX. figs. 8-12.) Mastigophora Dutertret, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Marine Polyzoa, p. 279, pl. xxxvii. figs. 1, 2. Hincks describes two forms of this species, to which I would call a little more attention. The Shetland form, which is abundant there in 80-170 fathoms (figs. 8,9), has the zocecia tumid, the surface somewhat roughly granulated, with a tendency in the granulations to arrange themselves in radiating lines ; six mouth-spines are developed; the vibra- cula are of moderate length ; the incision of the lip has the angles generally rounded off. In one of the ‘ Porcupine’ dredgings of 1869 the Shetland form just noticed occurred in abundance, but with these were also two specimens which had a very different aspect. The zocecia were much longer (fig. 10 as compared with fig. 8, both drawn with the same magnifying-power) and much more flattened ; the vibracula were very long, but there were no mouth-spines, while the incision of the lip had the angles sharply defined. In the Antrim variety described by Hincks the zocecia are not so large, but they are nearer this second variety, since they are similarly flattened and have the oral opening of similar form (see fig. 12). I have an allied form from Madeira, which is probably that which has been more than ence recorded as L. Dutertret. It is smaller, much more tumid, and the vibracula arise from elevated shoulders. It may be a distinet species. Phylactella pygmea (Norman). 1869. Celleporella pygmea, Norman, “ Last Report Dredging Shetland,” Brit. Assoc. Report for 1868, p. 508. 1880. Celleporella pygmea, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Marine Polyzoa, p. 415. As has been already recorded by Hincks, this minute some British Polyzoa. 211 Polyzoon has been dredged by me in 80-170 fathoms off Shetland and also in deep water in Bergen Fiord. ‘The late Mr. C. Peach also sent me a specimen taken by him off Wick, and it was also procured by the ‘ Porcupine’ Expe- dition of 1869. As the species has not been figured, it is illustrated here in the annexed woodcut. I have nothing to add to the description which ‘has already been given. I have pro- visionally placed the species in the genus Phylactella, as, perhaps, it comes nearer to P. collaris than to any other form; but it has little in common with the type of that genus, P. labrosa. The small size of the zocecia may be judged by fig. 2, which represents the outline of a zoariui which will contain forty to fifty zocecia. 1. Phylactella pygmea (Norman). 2. Size of a zoarium, Cellepora surcularis (Packard). 1856. Cellepora cervicornis, Busk, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. xviii. p. 82; and 1858. Mon. Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, p. 57 ; and 1880. Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. vol. xvi. p. 288, pl. xiii. figs, 6-8 (nee Cellepora cervicornis, Johnston). 1863. Celleporaria surcularts, Packard, “ List of Animals dredged near Caribou Island,” Canadian Naturalist, vol. viii. p. 410; and 1867, “Obs. Glacial Phenomena of Labrador and Maine,” Mem. Boston Soc. Nat, Hist. vol. i. p. 274. 1867. Cellepora incrassata, Smitt, “ Krit. Forteck. &c.,’’ Gifvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Foérhand. p. 88, pl. xxviii. figs. 212-216 (nee Cellepora incrassata, Lamk.). 1886, Cellepora cervicornis, Lorenz, Bryozvén yon Jan Mayen, p. 13, fig. 12. A young specimen of this species encrusting stone and 212 Senior A. Cabrera on embracing an upright growing Serpula was dredged by the ‘Porcupine’ in 1869. The station was not preserved, but a box contained a large number of stones the numerous species encrusting which were, with the one exception of this Cellepora, identical with the deep-sea fauna of Polyzoa with which I am so familiar in the Shetland seas; and there can be little doubt but that the species was taken within the British area. The species along with it were Amphiblestrum trifolium, Escharina Dutertrei, Ramphonotus minax, Mega- pora ringens, Anarthropora monodon ; ‘‘ Schizoporella” ansata, Aldert, and sinuosa; Porella bella; Escharella abyssicola, laqueata, and microstoma ; Hemicyclopora polita, &e. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Fig. 1. Micropora impressa, Moll: a living zocecium. Fig. 2, Ditto: a dead zocecium, 4g. 3, Ditto: operculum. tg. 4. Shell of Ditrupa arietina (Miller). Fig. 5. Segment of this shell magnified, to show the perforations of Terebripora ditrupe. Fig. ©. Terebripora ditrupe, sp. n.: upper portion of a zocecium. ‘ig. 7. Ditto: oral aperture of zocecium, Fig. 8, Escharina Dutertret, Audouin, the deep-water Shetland form, Fig. 9. Ditto, its operculum. ig. 10. Ditto: variety taken in company with the last. Fig. 11. Ditto: ditto, its opercula. ‘ug. 12. Ditto: oral opening of a specimen from the Antrim coast. XXXII.—Three new Spanish Insectivores. By ANGEL CABRERA. AMONG a number of Spanish small mammals lately arrived for my private collection there are a few apparently new forms of Insectivores that I now propose to describe. Some ot them are also represented in the Natural Science Museum of Madrid. Talpa ceca occidentalis, subsp. n. Characters. A small form of J’. ceca, with a flatter, but not lower, skull, and very hairy tail and feet. Width of fore foot considerably greater than its length without nails. Colour. Brownish black, the hairs being dark silvery grey with deep brown tips. Middle of under surface without the Jast colour, the general hue becoming dark silver-grey. Hairs of the tail very long, black; those of the feet very new Spanish Insectivores. 213 dark brown. The fur is very glossy, showing silvery re- flections in certain lights; if wet, it exhibits a brilliant metallic lustre, green on the upper surface, dark purple on the belly. Skull. Similar to that of typical ceca, but the brain-case, although rather high (more than 9 mm.), is flatter on the upper surface, so that, viewed from behind, its greatest breadth appears above the middle horizontal line of the skull, as in 7’ c. levantis. Measurements (type in flesh). Head and body 102 mm. ; tail 24; fore foot, breadth 17°6, length (s.u.) 15°5; hind foot (s.u.) 15°5. Skull: greatest length 31:5; basal length 22°5; zygo- matic breadth 11; breadth of brain-case 15°2 ; palatal length 14 ; upper tooth-row 13:5. Habitat. Guadarrama Mountains, Central Spain. Alt. 1200-1300 m. Type. Adult male, from La Granja (Segovia), collected by Sr. M. de la Escalera, September 1906. No. 122, collection of A. Cabrera. Remarks. By its smaller size this mole is easily distin- guishable from the Italian and Asiatic forms, in which the head and body length exceeds 120 mm. It therefore appears to need a subspecific name. Crocidura russula pulchra, subsp. n. Characters. A small, long-tailed shrew, like C. mimula in size, but with a longer tail and the typical skull of C. russula. Colour. Upperparts pale sepia, with a very slight reddish tinge, and showing bright silvery reflections on the back. Ventral surface ashy white. The hairs are everywhere dark slate at the base, and this colour appears externally on the underparts. ‘Tail sepia above, dirty white below. Skull. The skull and teeth are identical in form with those of C. russula russula, but a little smaller. Measurements (type in flesh). Head and body 71 mm. ; tail 41°5; hind foot (s.u.) 12; ear 8. Skull: greatest length, exclusive of incisors, 18-9; breadth of brain-case 9°1 ; greatest antorbital breadth 6; interorbital breadth 4:2; upper tooth-row 8-4. Habitat, Kastern Spain, Valencia. A specimen from Minorea (Balearic Islands) in the Madrid Museum belongs probably to the same form. Type. Adult male, from Valencia, collected by Sr. José M. Benedito, January 1907. No. 117, collection of A. Cabrera. 214 On new Spanish Insectivores. Remarks, I think it best to treat this form as a subspecies until the true relationship of the different shrews of the russula group is made out. It is noteworthy that almost all the southern forms of this group (cypria, monacha, caudata, pulchra) have a remarkably long tail. Neomys anomalus, sp. n. Characters. Smaller than typical N. fodiens; tail rounded, its lower surface without a keel of hairs. Colour. Upperparts glossy brownish black, the hairs being dark iron-grey with reddish-black ends. Underparts white, slightly washed with yellowish under the neck ; the white sharply separated from the dark colour on the sides. Hands and feet white, the latter with a blackish patch running fiom the heel along the posterior half of the external border. The long hairs fringing the foot white. Tail bicolor, brown- ish black above, white below; the hair on its lower surface long enough to mask the scales, but not to form a fringe as in N. fodiens ; it is only a little elongated about the end, hardly forming an inconspicuous terminal tuft. After a long immersion in alcohol the colour of the dorsal surface of the body becomes a dark reddish chestnut. Skull. Compared with N. fodiens, the brain-case is higher and less rounded, its anterior part being not convex, but forming a smooth slope. The occiput is also flatter in its upper part. The teeth show no peculiarities. Measurements (type, after a short immersion in alcohol). Head and body 73 mm.; tail 60; hind foot (s.u.) 17-5; ear 8. Skull: greatest length, exclusive of incisors, 20°5; breadth of brain-case 10; greatest antorbital breadth 6°2 ; interorbital breadth 4; upper tooth-row 9°6. Habitat. Central Spain. I have seen specimens from Salamanca and Madrid provinces. Type. Adult male, from San Martin de la Vega (province of Madrid, on the Jarama River), collected in December 1892. No. 1140, Museum of Natural Science of Madrid. Remarks. This Neomys is not alone in the lack of a hairy keel under the tail. The same peculiarity has been found by Mr. Charles Mottaz in another new form from the Vaud Alps, Switzerland. Mr. Mottaz has kindly sent me a speci- men (skin and skul!) and an unpublished description of his animal, and from comparison it results that both the Swiss and the Spanish torms, although similar in the tail-structure, are very different in other points. In the same season the Mr. A. S. Hirst on new Pill-Millipedes. 215 hair of the Swiss form is shorter and greyer than that of N.anomalus. he brain-case of the skull in the former species is rounded and somewhat globular, while in the Spanish animal it is flat in the anterior part and about the occiput, the entire outline being not evenly convex, but nearly angular. Owing to the absence of hair-fringe on the under surface of the tail, N. anomalus has hitherto been confounded by Spanish naturalists with Sorea araneus, a species that I have never seen in the Peninsula. Under that name the specimens in the Madrid Museum were exhibited. XXXIIL.—On Four new Pill-Millipedes from the Malay Peninsula and Siam. By A.S. Hirst (British Museum, Nat. Hist.). [Plate X. ] Tue four forms which I describe below as new seem to be somewhat closely allied to one another. Their copulatory feet present much resemblance and the walking-legs in all four species are furnished with three spines above the claw. Three of them come from the Malay Peninsula, and the remaining one from Siam. Z. anthracina, Pocock, from the Malay Peninsula, Z. impunctata, Pocock, trom Penang, and Z. semilevis, Pocock, from South ‘lenasserim, are also members of this species-group. The legs of these last species were described by Mr. Pocock * as being provided with two spines above the claw; in reality, however, they are provided with three. Zephronia rugulosa, sp. n. Colour (faded, in spirit). Head, nuchal plate, and the first tergite dark brown or black: tergites dark brown, the ante- rior borders yellowish brown and ornamented with several small dark spots {; the last tergite with irregular dark spots. Head, Anterior region of the head marked with tairly numerous punctures, the posterior part sparsely punctured. The anterior border with a single tooth. Nuchal plate with sparse and fine punctures. First tergite convex anteriorly, the usual angle being almost * Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vol. x. no, 30, p.5 (1890); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xvi. p. 413 (1895). 7 These spots are probably due to bad preservation, 216 Mr. A. S. Hirst on new Pill-Millipedes rounded off and effaced ; marginal excavated area in the form of a narrow groove expanding a little anteriorly and con- fined to the lateral part of the tergite. The two lateral depressed areas punctured and connected with one another by a narrow transverse strip, which is finely punctured but not hollowed out. Tergites. Punctures almost absent; the anterior margins roughened and granular ; last tergite minutely punctured in its anterior half. Legs provided with three spines above the claw. Copulatory feet. Anterior forceps with the immovable finger short, much curved, and flattened, the hollowed-out inner surface bearing a membranous tooth; movable finger straight and composed of two segments; the proximal segment with the upper inner corner projecting and almost rectangular; distal segment with a spine on the inner side. Posterior forceps with the immovable finger stout and bearing a forked membranous tooth on the inner edge; movable finger stout, curved, and composed of two segments (figs. 6-8). Measurements inmm. Total length 53°5, middle breadth 29°5. Hab. Pahang, Malay Peninsula. Three specimens col- lected by Mr. Craddock. (Brit. Mus. Coll.) The following form is apparently a local variety of the above species :— Colour (in spirit). Head and nuchal plate black; first tergite black, with the exception of the middle lateral area, which is yellowish brown: tergites with the posterior two thirds dark, the anterior border yellow; last tergite black, with a narrow yellow border posteriorly. Nuchal plate smooth, the punctures minute and very sparse. First tergite (fig. 1). Tergites with the anterior margins but little roughened. Legs with 3-4 spines above the claw. Copulatory feet. Proximal segment of movable finger of anterior forceps with the angular projection sharper, less rectangular, and more conical than is the case in the form from Pahang (fig. 9). Measurements in mm. Total length 43:5, middle breadth 25. Hab. Kelantan (Mr. J. D. F. Gimlette). (Brit. Mus. Coll.) Zephronia Ridley?, sp. n. Colour (in spirit). Head and nuchal plate black: tergites From the Malay Peninsula and Siam. 257 dark green, the anterior margins pale yellow ; first tergite with the anterior and posterior margins black and the middle part yellow. Head. Anterior part of head furnished with many hairs, the posterior part with a few scattered hairs. Nuchal plate with a few fine hairs. First tergite smooth and shining anteriorly, posteriorly with many minute punctures. Lateral depressed area in the form of a very narrow groove, which becomes enlarged in its inner anterior portion ; the depressed areas of the two sides are not continuous (fig. 2). Tergites. Anterior third of tergites finely roughened and very minutely and densely punctured. The rest of the surface without granules, the middle part being marked with fine and numerous punctures, the posterior part more sparsely punctured. Last tergite minutely punctured. Legs provided with three spines above the claw. Copulatory feet. Anterior pair with the immovable finger of the forceps short, flattened, strongly curved, and bearing a membranous conical tooth on the inner side ; movable finger straight, of much greater length than the immovable finger and composed of two segments, the distal one being of moderate size, the proximal one with the upper inner angle large and projecting. Posterior pair with the immovable finger bearing a bifid membranous tooth on the inner edge ; movable finger bisegmented, a little curved, and fairly stout (figs. 10 & 11). Measurements in mm. Total length 34, breadth 19. Hab. Selangore (in a cave). A single specimen was collected by Mr. H. N. Ridley during the year 1897. (Brit. Mus, Coll.) Zephronia Flowert, sp. n. Colour deep brown. Head with punctures bearing hairs anteriorly, posteriorly with a few scattered hairs. Nuchal plate smooth, the anterior and posterior margins with minute punctures, however. First tergite provided with a smooth, transverse, almost keel-like elevation, which is situated posteriorly to the ante- rior groove or depression, and forms its boundary, the ridge itself being limited posteriorly by a narrow lineal groove (sometimes indistinct) terminating laterally in diverging lines similar to those present in Z. nigriceps, Pocock (fig. 3). Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 15 218 Mr. A. S. Hirst on new Pill-Millipedes. Tergites smooth, devoid of granules, and ornamented with a fine scale-like sculpturing, punctures absent. Legs provided with three spines above the claw (fig. 13). Vulva. Distal sclerite reduced to a band or strip, which increases in length (antero-posterior) towards the inner angle fig. 12). "Meaaupemees in mm. Total length 41, middle breadth 19. Hab, Singapore. Two specimens collected by Capt. 8. 8. Flower. (Brit. Mus. Coll.) Zephronia stamensis, sp. n. Colour (in spirit). Dark green, the tergites usually orna- mented in the middle part of their anterior half with two clear yellow patches and with a transverse stripe occupying the middle part of the posterior border. In many specimens, however, the anterior and posterior markings are fused together, leaving a dark green spot (often triangular in shape) in the middle of the tergite. Head. Anterior part of the head with many small hairs, the posterior part sparsely punctured; the anterior margin with a single tooth. Nuchal plate unpunctured or sparsely punctured. First tergite with the depressed area rather narrow in its Jateral portion and connected by a still narrower and shallow strip with the area of the other side; lateral portions of depressed area and the connecting strip covered with dense hair. A smooth and unpunctured transverse strip of the surface is situated posteriorly to the depressed area, the rest of the tergite being hairy (fig. 4). Tergites densely covered with minute hairs (in worn specimens densely and minutely punctured). Legs provided with three spines above the claw. Copulatory feet. Immovable finger of anterior forceps flattened, much curved, and bearing a membranous process on the inner side; the movable finger fairly stout and very indistinctly bisegmented, the serrations of the inner side of the lower segment ending ina slight projection. Immovable finger of posterior forceps provided with two membranous teeth; the movable finger curved, of moderate stoutness, and composed of two segments (figs. 14 & 15). Vulva with the distal piece or cap increasing in size towards the inner side, where, however, it is nearly twice as broad as long; the outer corner narrowed and extending a little down the outer side of the proximal segment. Lower segment with the opening long and V-shaped, the point of On an apparently new Lycenid from Mauritius. 219 the V (which is continued some distance as a groove) being directed towards the lower inner corner (fig. 16). Measurements in mm. Length 26°5, middle breadth 12°5. Hab. Kosichang and Chantaboon, Siam. 9. 20.. Chak Chak. 22/24, 1. 07. 8. Tatera Emini, Thos. g. 5,6; 2%. 4,10 (juv.). Chak Chak. 19. i. 07. 9. Tatera macropus, Heug. 3.46; 9. 15, 23 (juv.). Chak Chak. ii. 07. 10. Tatera robusta, Wagn. 3. 30; 9. 31. Halfway between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir. 3, ili. 07. 11. Mus sp. (multimammate). Paige! Moyen: «21..1.07. Whe. Katha, 631. O7. do. 26,42; 9. 13,14. Chak Chak. 13/16. iii. 07. 12. Mus alghazal, sp. n. ¢. 24,27. Chak Chak. 24/25. ii. 07. d. 28,36. Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir. 2/9. ili. 07. A rat rather smaller than M. /Iinde?, Thos. Fur soft and silky, about 10 mm. long on the back. General colour above dull tawny (near “ russet’’), the hairs slate-grey for basal two thirds, then “ ochraceous buff,” a considerable proportion of somewhat longer wholly black 502 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on hairs scattered among the rest ; underside white, basal fourth of hairs slaty. Head and face like back, but a bright buff patch on cheek below eye. Upper lip and chin white like belly. Hands and feet pure white. ‘Tail sparsely clad ; rings 8=10 mm. Skull markedly smaller in all details than that of 12, Hindet, except the teeth, which are about the same size. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 147 mm.; tail 155; hind foot 28; ear 16. Skull: greatest length 36; basilar length 29; greatest breadth 18; nasals 14; interorbital breadth 5:5; brain-case breadth 14°5; diastema 9°5 ; length of upper molar series 6 ; bullee 7. Hab. Chak Chak, Bahr-el-Ghazal. Type. Adult male. Collector’s number 24. Taken 25th February, 1907. Four specimens (unfortunately all males) examined. 13. Mus Blainet, sp. n. 9. 7,8. Ayamer Aan 07. 9.19. Chak Chak. 22. 11. 07. gd. 39. Between Chak Chakand Dem Zubeir. 9. iii. 07. 6.47. Between Chak Chak and the Pongo. 19. 111. 07. A small soft-furred mouse with a rather short tail. Size about as in VM. Alleni and MM. Dennie, but with a quite short tail. Fur soft and silky, about 10 mm. long on the back. General colour above “ isabella,” the hairs slate-colour from their bases for three fourths their length, terminal fourth pale orange-buff with black tips; underside white, the basal half of hairs slate-colour. Face below the eyes, sides of neck, and flanks “ orange-buff” with a mixture of “ vinaceous buff’; chin and upper lip white; hands and feet white; tail sparsely haired, darker above than below, with about 2 rings=1 mm. Skull and teeth of the usual type in Mus. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 100 mm.; tail 103; hind foot 22; ear 20. Skull: greatest length 28; basilar length 22; greatest breadth 13°5; nasals 10; interorbital breadth 4°3; brain- case breadth 11°3; diastema 7:8; length of upper molar series 4:5; bullee 5. Hab. Chak Chak, Bahr-el-Ghazal. Type. Young female. Collector’s number 19. Taken 22nd February, 1907. Mammals from the Bahr-el-Ghazal. 503 Five specimens examined. I have named this species after Mr. Gilbert Blaine, who was Mr. Butler’s companion on the tour during which the collection was made. 14. Mus Butleri, sp. n. 9. 37. Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir. 8. iii. 07. A mouse rather smaller than the last, with a longer tail and pure white beliy. Size rather smaller than Jf, Blaznei. Fur soft and silky ; 6-8 mm. long on the back. General colour above ‘ clay-colour,” the hairs -slate- colour from their bases for two thirds their length, terminal third a bright fawn, with short black tips; underside pure white, the hairs white to their bases ; face below the eyes and sides of the neck and body fawn; line between upper and belly colours sharply defined; feet white; tail sparsely haired, darker above than below, about 7-8 rings=5 mm. Skull and teeth of the type normal in the genus Jus. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 118; hind foot 20; ear 16. Skull: greatest length 27; basilar length 21; greatest breadth 13; nasals 10; interorbital breadth 4; brain- case breadth 12 ; diastema 7 ; length of upper molar series 4°5 ; bulle 5. Hab. Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir, Bahr-el- Ghazal. Type. Young female. Collector’s number 37. Taken 8th March, 1907. Though the size and proportions of the skull are so similar in the two species, the present form is separable at once from the last by its proportionally much longer tail and snow-white belly. ‘he species most closely resembling this one is perhaps Md. Dennie, Thos., from Ruwenzori; but in that animal the tail is proportionally still longer and the slaty bases of the hairs of its underside distinguish it markedly from AM, Butler. 15. Arvicanthis zebra, Heugl. 3d. 48,49. Dad Majok. 30. iii. 07. 'l'opotypes of Heuglin’s species, 504 On Mammals from the Bahr-el- Ghazal. 16. Arvicanthis sp. gd. 34, 35, 38. Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir. 7/9. 11. 07. 17. Thamnomys Maemillani, sp. n. g. 21, 25. Chak Chak. 24. 11. 07. A small Thamnomys of the 7. arborarius group. Sizeas in 7. arborartus. Fur soft and silky, about 10 mm. long on back. General colour above a dark “ olive-buff,” with a good deal of ochraceous colouring on the median line, especially bright on the rump, basal three fourths of hairs dark slate ; underside pure white, the hairs white to their bases. Feet pale buff. Tail dark, pale below for basal half; 17 rings= 10 mm. ; sparsely clothed with dark hairs; hairs short for basal half of tail, then lengthening to 3-4 mm. on terminal fourth. Skull and teeth as in T. arborarius, but markedly smaller in all details judging from Peters’s description and figure. Dimensions of type :— Head and body 102 mm.; tail 160; hind foot 22; ear 15. Skull: greatest length 28; basilar length 21; greatest breadth 13:5 ; nasals 9°5; interorbital breadth 4°3; brain-case breadth 12; diastema 6°7 ; length of upper molar series 4°3 ; bullee 5. Hab, Wouida, N. of Lake Rudolf. Alt. 6200!. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6.11. 1.38. Taken by Mr. Zaphiro on the 30th June, 1905, and presented to the British Museum by Mr. W. N. McMillan. Two specimens sent by Mr. Butler from Chak Chak are quite like the type in all essential characteristics (their skulls unfortunately are imperfect). The colour-pattern is also similar, but the grey-drab shoulder-patches are even more clearly marked in Mr. Butler’s specimens. 18. Thryonomys Swinderenianus, Temm. Skull only. Chak Chak. 1. ii. 07. 19. Gazella albonotata, Roths. No specimen of this striking species had hitherto been obtained by the National Museum. On new Species of [eterocera, 505 LXXIII.—Descriptions of Five new Species of Heterocera. By Hersert Druce, F.L.S. &e. Fam. Castniidez. Castnia angusta, sp. n. Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen dark brown; legs blackish brown. Primaries dark brown, bluish at the base; the veins near the outer margin irrorated with pale blue scales ; a pale yellow spot at the end of the cell, beyond which a narrow yellow line crosses the wing from the costal to the inner margin near the anal angle; the fringe yellow: secondaries dark brown, shot with blue at the base, crossed beyond the middle by a band of narrow, crescent-shaped, yellow spots, which extend from near the apex to the anal angle; a submarginal row of six rather large round yellow spots, starting from the apex; the fringes of both wings yellow. Underside considerably paler brown: primaries, the yellow band much wider than above, a submarginal row of eight yellow spots extends from the apex to the anal angle ; secondaries crossed by two rows of yellow spots, the first below the middle, the second submarginal, on the outer margin the spots are edged with reddish brown. Expanse 64 inches. flab, Ecuador, Los Lanos (Mus. Druce). Castnia dolopia, sp. n. Female.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and base of the abdo- men dark brown; abdomen black ; antennz black, the tips pale brown. Primaries dark brown glossel with green; a large greyish-brown spot at the end of the cell, beyond which the wing is crossed from near the apex by a series of dull greyish- brown spots, those nearest the apex very indistinct, the spots are edged with black ; below the spots on the inner margin are two lunular-shaped black marks: secondaries black, the base shot with bluish green ; a row of brownish-white spots crosses the wing from near the anal angle almost to the apex, the fringe brownish white. The underside of both wings pale brown, with all the spots much more distinct and all edged with black. Eixpanse 7? inches. Hab, Keuador, Los Lanos (Mus. Druce). wo Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. 3 506 On new Species of Heterocera. Fam. Thymaride. Pedoptila thaletes, sp. n. Female—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown ; abdomen banded with black ; the antenna, underside of the abdomen, and the legs black; the anus clothed with greyish hairs. Primaries, the basal half reddish orange, the outer half black, the veins black ; secondaries reddish orange as far as the lobe, which is black almost to the end of the wing; the tip of the tail white. Expanse 1# inch. Hab. Cameroons, Ja River (Mus. Druce). Fam. Syntomide. Histiea falerina, sp. n. Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and base of abdomen black; head and collar spotted with metallic blue ; abdomen metallic blue; legs black. Primaries black, the basal half of the wing red streaked with black; a broad oblique yellow band beyond the cell, a metallic-blue spot at the base, and a blue streak at the end of the cell : secondaries red, edged with black, widest at the apex and the middle of the outer margin. Expanse 2? inches. Hab. Peru, Marcapata (Mus. Druce). Fam. Arctiide. Automolis marcapata, sp. n. Female.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdo- men reddish yellow; legs reddish. Primariesreddish, irrorated near the base with yellow scales ; a large semihyaline yellow blotch at the end of the cell extending to the costal margin; the veins and the edges of the Jarge blotch dark red; the fringe brownish red: secondaries deep pink, the fringe yellowish. Hxpanse 2 inches. Hab. Peru, Marcapata (Mus. Druce). Allied to Automolis sanguinolenta, Cram., but very distinct, On new African Species of the Genus Chrysops. 507 LXXIV.— New African Species of the Genus Chrysops, Meigen, in the British Museum (Natural History). By Ernest E. Austen. Tue latest list of African representatives of this genus * includes the names of eighteen species. As stated in the ** Notes ” at the end of the present paper, however, two of these are synonyms. Six new species are described in the following pages, bringing the number of known African forms of these handsome and bloodthirsty flies up to twenty- two. The Museum collection contains examples of at least two additional species, of which descriptions will be published in a subsequent paper. The types (or co-types) of all the new species described below are in the British Museum (Natural History). Genus Curysops, Meigen. Chrysops funebris, sp. n. ?.—Length+ (5 specimens) 9 to 10} mm.; width of head 24 to 22 mm.; width of front at vertex ? mm.; length of wing 9} to 10 mm. Uniformly black, though the usual tufts of golden pile are present below humeral calli and on mesopleure ; dorsum of thorax (denuded) thinly covered with greyish dust ; abdomen (except a dull black area on the middle of the first segment, below the scutellum) shining, clothed above with minute, sparse, whitish hairs; wing-markings uniformly dark brown or black, distal margin of transverse band straight or nearly so; first and second joints of middle and hind tarsi yellowish white, tips of these joints usually brownish. Head.—F¥ rontal callus large, nearly semicircular in out- line, almost touching the eye on each side, and separated from the black ocellar region by a narrow band of greyish pollen; a small patch of golden pollen between bases of antenne (perhaps produced downwards in specimens in per- fect condition) ; face considerably produced downwards and forwards, very protuberant, separated from the shining black jowls by a strip of golden pollen running down from the front margin of the eye; under surface of head thinly clothed * (Cf. Bezzi, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., Anno xxxvii. 1905, p. 234. + The length in all cases is measured from the front of the face to the tip of the abdomen, and is exclusive of the antenne. 33* 508 Mr. E. E. Austen on new with rather long yellowish hair; palpi hazel-brown*, very slender; antenne slender, first joint not at all incrassated and only slightly longer than the second ; second and third joints dark brown, first joint lighter (brownish tawny) except at distal extremity. Thorax with a tuft of golden pile on the metapleurz, besides the tufts already mentioned. Abdomen: the short whitish hair clothing the dorsum some- what longer and more conspicuous on the sides of the first and second segments than elsewhere; under side of second segment also clothed with short whitish hairs ; remainder of venter inconspicuously clothed with blackish hair. Wings with extreme base, costal cells, basal fourth of first basal and basal sixth of second basal cell, marginal cell from a point above the origin of the third vein to the end, and a continuation (apical blotch) which fills out the apical portion of the first submarginal cell, and the upper angle of the second submarginal, shading off below, dark brown; the proximal margin of the transverse band runs from the origin of the third longitudinal vein to the posterior upper angle of the fifth posterior cell, and thence (sometimes obliquely for- wards) to the sixth vein, on which it ends; the distal margin of the transverse band runs from a point below the second longitudinal vein, and a little beyond the level of the end of the first longitudinal, to the hind margin of the wing at the end of the vein separating the third and fourth posterior cells. Proximally, the transverse band thus fills out the extreme tips of the first and second basal cells, and the end of the anal cell; distally it includes the base of the second posterior cell, and diagonally bisects the third posterior cell. The whole of the discal cell is included, but there is sometimes a tiny hyaline fleck at its extreme base. The apical portion of the wing below the apical blotch is entirely infuscated with a brownish suffusion, and the infuscated area is separated from the transverse band by a milky streak, which ends on the vein separating the second and third posterior cells. Halteres dark brown. Legs: coxee dark brown ; femora reddish brown, tips of hind pair darker; tibiz, except extreme tips, front tarsi, and last two joints of middle and hind tarsi dark brown ; third joints of middle and hind tarsi brownish; front and middle tibiz in- crassated, hind tibize also somewhat incrassated. Uganda: type and three other specimens from north-east side of Lake Albert Edward, 1906 (Dr. A. D. P. Hodges) ; * For names of colours see Ridgway, ‘A Nomenclature of Colors for Naturalists’ (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1886). African Species of the Genus Chrysops. 509 a fifth specimen from the shore of Lake Victoria, in Buddu, 1903 (Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal Society, per Colonel David Bruce, C.B., R.A.M.U., F.R.S.). Of the African species already described, Chrysops funebris appears, so far as may be judged from the description, most nearly to resemble C. confluens, Lw., from the Cape of Good Hope, from which, however, it may at once be distinguished by the slender antenne, single frontal callus, and very different wing-markings. Chrysops silacea, sp. 0. ? .—Length (17 specimens) 8 to 10 mm.; width of head 22 to3mm.; width of front 1 mm.; length of wing 7} to gi mm. ” Head yellow ; thorax black or blackish brown, with yellow longitudinal stripes; scutellum ochre-yellow, median portion of extreme base black ; abdomen ochraceous, upper side marked on basal half with two longitudinal black stripes, not reaching hind margin of third segment, and sometimes not extending beyond second ; distal portion of wing from base of third vein infuscated, transverse band inconspicuous, reduced to a small dark blotch extending from base of third vein to posterior upper angle of fifth posterior cell; legs ochraceous, front tarsi and tips of middle and hind tarsi dark brown. Head rather broad, dark brown on _ vertex, elsewhere clothed with ochre-yellow pollen, except on frontal callus, a mark above base of each antenna, the facial tubercles, and a small dark brown spot on the jowls below each eye; frontal callus of moderate size, three fourths as wide as the front and well separated from the eye on each side, not highly polished, edged with brown at the sides or sometimes all round the upper curved margin; facial tubercles highly polished, elliptical in shape, occupying lower two thirds of face and extending nearly to margin of buccal cavity, separated from each other by a narrow stripe of yellow pollen ; often only the upper portion of the pollinose stripe is present, when the tubercles coalesce below and assume the appearance of a single elongate cordate tubercle, which extends to the lower margin of the face; front, except on callus, clothed with short brown hair, densest on vertex ; sides of face and lower surface of head clothed with pale golden hair; palpi lanceolate, widest part of moderate breadth, thinly clothed with minute yellowish hairs ; antenne 3} mm. in length, dark brown, basal portion of slender first joint tawny ochraceous. Thorax clothed with 510 Mr. E. E. Austen on new golden-yellow pile, which is thicker and longer on the sides ; the dorsum exhibits three well-defined blackish-brown stripes, the median stripe being separated from the others by a pair of dull ochraceous stripes, which meet together in front and taper off posteriorly, where each is continuous with a broad, lateral, light yellow stripe; the median blackish-brown stripe tapers off in front and extends to the hind margin; the adlateral blackish-brown stripes, which are broader behind the transverse suture, are rounded off in front and behind and do not reach the hind margin; pleure marked with a broad, curving, yellow pollinose stripe, thickly clothed with golden-yellow pile, commencing below the humeral callosity, encircling the upper part of the meso- pleura, and extending to the metapleura; sternopleure yellowish pollinose, golden yellow behind, where they are clothed with similarly coloured hair; area between front coxe also clothed with golden-yellow pollen and_ hair. Abdomen clothed above and below with minute orange- ochraceous hairs ; the black stripes, which commence on hinder half of first segment, vary greatly m width in different specimens, and are often somewhat irregular in outline ; they are sometimes interrupted on hind margin of first segment, and may terminate before reaching hind margin of second, to reappear as basal spots on the third segment ; lateral margin of second, and sometimes of third and fourth segments as well, narrowly edged with dark brown or black ; venter unicolorous, a small median black streak occasionally present on the second and third segments. Wings: costal cells ochre-yellow; stigma ochraceous ; whole of apical portion, from a point on costa above fork of third vein to tip of anal cell, suffused with brown, including the whole of the fifth posterior cell, but not the bases of the second, third, and fourth posterior cells; there is thus a paler, buff-coloured area between the apical blotch and the remains of the transverse band; the latter includes the tips of the first and second basal cells and the basal third of the discal cell ; lower portion of second basal cell usually with a slight yellowish tinge. Halteres dark brown. Legs: coxe dark brown (front pair paler), clothed with golden-yellow hair ; femora and tibize clothed with minute orange-ochra- ceous hairs; front tibiz somewhat incrassated, their distal portion brownish. Congo Free State; Southern and Northern Nigeria. Type and four other specimens from the Congo Free State (Kimwenza, 28. in. 1904; Yakusu, 15. ix. 1904 ; Kimwosa, 4 i | } || FF 1 * African Species of the Genus Chrysops. 511 Leopoldvilie, 1904; N’Kussu, Cataract Region, 25. xi. 1904: Drs. Dutton, Todd, & Christy) ; other specimens from Old Calabar, Southern Nigeria (the late Miss M. H. Kingsley) ; Ohumbele, Southern Nigeria, 6. viii. 1900 (Dr. H. E. Annett) ; Odut and Uwet, May 1906 (G. C. Dudgeon); Sapele, Northern Nigeria, 1906 (received from Dr. G. F. Darker) ; Akwatcha, Bassa Province, Northern Nigeria, July 1906, Jauuary and February 1907 (Dr. G. J. Pirie). According to Dr. Pirie C. silacea is numerous at Akwatcha in the dry season; and at Sapele, in Northern Nigeria, it is stated by Dr. Darker to be troublesome to human beings. This species must not be confused with Chrysops dimidiata, v. d. Wulp, the wing-markings of which are identical with those of C. silacea, while the buff-yellow abdomen is also adorned with two black longitudinal stripes. C. dimidiata may be distinguished by the considerably larger and more prominent frontal tubercle, whichis only narrowly separated from the eye on each side ; by the paler (buff-yellow) ground- colour of the abdomen ; and by the fact that the abdominal stripes are much broader and reach the fourth segment, when they either become merged in the dark brown colour of the terminal segments, as stated by van der Wulp, or meet to- gether on the sixth segment soas toformaloop. In C. silacea the black stripes are sometimes so attenuated or interrupted as to be easily overlooked, and in the case of one specimen from Odut, Southern Nigeria, little more of them remains than a couple of small dark flecks on the hind margin of the first segment, and one or two indistinct markings on the second. The range of C. dimidiata, which was described (‘ Notes from the Leyden Museum,’ vii. 1885, p. 80) from Chimfimo, Portuguese West Africa, evidently overlaps that of C. si/acea, since the Museum possesses a series of specimens of the former species from Ologbo, Southern Nigeria, May 1906 (G. C. Dudgeon). Eye-markings *.—In two specimens from Sapele, pre- served in spirit, the occipital border is fairly broad, and in contact with the occipital margin and with the upper frontal spot, which is also connected with the frontal margin. The occipital border is also in contact with the shaft above and the arrow-head below, which are continuous with each other, * For explanation of terms used see V. A. I. Daecke’s interesting peper, “ On the Eye-Coloration of the Genus Chrysops” (‘ Entomological ‘ews,’ vol, xvii. 1906, pp. 39-42, pl. i.). = 4 ake Mr. E. E. Austen on new forming a zigzag line. The middle and lower frontal spots are somewhat narrow and in contact with the frontal margin *, Chrysops Wellmanii, sp. n. ? .— Length (5 specimens) 7 to 72 mm.; width of head 21 to 2} mm.; width of front at vertex 1mm.; length of wing 7 to74 mm. Head wide, flattened from front to rear ; face whitish grey ; frontal callus, vertex on each side, and antenne shining black ; Jjirst joint of antenne elliptical in outline when seen from above, strongly incrassate, twice the length of the second joint and, at the widest part, one and a half times as broad ; thorax uniformly plumbeous above and below, without markings ; abdomen varying from ochraceous-buff to tawny, brownish at the tip; wings hyaline, extreme base, costal border, and sharply defined transverse band, tapering to hind margin, blackish brown ; legs, except cinereous coxe, black. Head.—Frontal callus shallow from above downwards, but very wide, extending from eye toeye; lower margin straight, sharply defined, separated from the bases of the antenne by a narrow transverse band of the whitish-grey pollen which covers the face; froutal callus somewhat triangular in out- line, the upper margin being produced in the centre so as to include the anterior ocellus ; above the callus is a narrow band of grey pollen, in the middle line sending an offshoot to the occiput, and leaving on each side of the vertex a somewhat quadrate, shining, black area; occipital region grey ; face and jowls entirely whitish-grey pollinose, without any shining tubercles, but oral margin blackish in front; face and underside of head clothed with long whitish hair ; palm cinereous, elliptical in outline, clothed with whitish hair; first joint of antennz clothed with blackish hair (third jomt wanting). Thorax clothed with long whitish hair on sides and beneath. Post-alar calli with a reddish tinge. Scutellum blackish, hind margin fringed with whitish hair. Abdomen: a somewhat quadrate dark brown patch on the middle of the first segment beneath the scutellum, shading off to the hind margin; extreme lateral margins of * Chrysops silacea is the species referred to by Newstead (‘ Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, vol. i. no. 1 (February, 1907), p. 43, pl. iv. fig. 1) as “ Chrysops dimidiatus, vy. d. Wulp.” I am responsible for this identification, which I formerly believed to be correct, and it was not until a series of the true C. dimidiata, v. d. Wulp, was received from Mr. Dudgeon, as mentioned above, that the error became evident. African Species of the Genus Chrysops. 513 second and lateral margins of third and following segments dark brown ; on ventral side fifth and following segments usually dark brown, hinder portion of fourth segment often more or less brownish ; abdomen clothed above with short yellowish or whitish hair, beneath with short whitish hair, sides fringed with long whitish hair. Wings: bases as well as extreme tips of first and second basal cells blackish brown ; apical blotch narrow, extending from the upper end of the distal margin of the transverse band to a little way beyond the termination of the upper branch of the third longitudinal vein ; distal margin of transverse band somewhat irregular, commencing on the costaa little beyond the level of the fork of the third vein, and terminating at the tip of the anal cell ; in the fourth and fifth posterior cells it is somewhat indis- tinct, and less sharply defined than above; proximal margin of the transverse band commencing at the base of the third and running at right angles to the costa almost straight down to the sixth vein, sometimes with a slight backward projection at the upper inner angle of the fifth posterior cell ; veins in hyaline area on basal side of transverse band pale ‘(cream-colour) ; veins beyond transverse band also partly pale. Halteres brown. Legs : front tibiz alone incrassated, indistinctly reddish at the base. Angola: type and four other specimens from the Chiyaka district, March 1906 (Dr. F. Creighton Wellman). The species was met with in thick bush, where antelope abound, and Dr. Wellman states that it “is very agile and goes for one’s eyes.” When forwarding these specimens and examples of a new species of Tabanus, which will shortly be described, the donor wrote :—‘‘These are probably the first insects ever collected in Chiyaka district.” I am glad to be able to associate with this extremely pretty species the name of its discoverer, who, although professionally engaged in another department of science, owing to his energy and enthusiasm as a collector of Diptera has, during the last three years, enriched the National Collection with examples of many interesting new species from Portuguese West Africa. By its remarkable coloration C. Wellmanii is easily distin- guishable from any of its congeners known to me from any part of the world. Chrysops Brucei, sp. n. 9 .—Length (8 specimens) 8 to92 mm.; width of head 24 to 3mm.; width of front at vertex 3 mm. ; length of wing 74 to 9 mm. 514 Mr. E. E. Austen on new Thick-set, medium-sized, dusky species ; dorsum of thorax dark brown, with grey longitudinal stripes ; abdomen smoke- grey or drab-grey, with blackish markings on upper side; wings with a brownish tinge, and extreme base, costal border, an oblique transverse band tapering to a point and not reaching hind margin, and an apical blotch, intensified round ends of second longitudinal and upper branch of third longitudinal veins, dark brown or blackish brown ; legs ochraceous, extreme tips of all femora and ends of tarsi dark brown. Head yellowish pollinose, front of same colour or greyer ; ocellar region usually dark brown, greyer in better-preserved examples; frontal callus dull black, small, separated from eye on each side by about one sixth of total width of front at that point, transverse diameter of callus about two and a quarter times its height, upper border slightly concave in middle; a transverse furrow beneath antennz, below which the central portion of the face is somewhat protuberant ; on each side of this protuberance a shining brown triangular area descending to margin of buccal cavity ; a small blackish triangular fleck on the jowls beneath each eye (not always distinctly visible) ; front, sides of face, and under side of head clothed with fine yellowish hair, longer beneath ; palpi of moderate size, brownish or reddish brown, thinly clothed with fine yellowish hair ; antenneé small, first joint slightly swollen, not elongate, length of second joint about three fourths of that of first; first and second joints blackish grey above, dull tawny below; third joit blackish brown, dull ferruginous at extreme base; first and second joints clothed with blackish hair. Thorax: dorsum with three dark brown and four much narrower grey longitudinal stripes, also an extremely narrow, short, dark stripe above base of wing, running from lower end of transverse suture almost to postalar callus ; median dark brown stripe about twice the width of the other two, rounded off about midway between transverse suture and posterior margin, and thence to hind margin in well-preserved specimens somewhat less distinct; paired dark brown stripes interrupted at transverse suture, and not extending so far forwards as median stripe ; admedian grey stripes usually with a some- what yellowish or brownish tinge posteriorly, lateral grey stripes paler, lavender-grey behind transverse suture; pleurs mouse-grey, clothed with yellowish or pale golden hair, of which there is a tuft below humeral callus, on hind margin of mesopleura, and on metapleura. Scutellum greyish brown at base, with broad dull ferruginous hind border. Abdomen : first segment with a black median blotch beneath African Species of the Genus Chrysops. 515 the scutellum extending to the hind margin, and on each side curving outwards so as to form a black hind border to the segment reaching to the lateral margins; a small yellowish-grey triangle on the posterior margin, in the middle line, partially divides the blotch into two halves; second and third segments with a pair of large black or blackish-brown blotches, roughly quadrate in shape, with the posterior inner angles rounded off, and the outer border (at least in the case of the blotches on the second segment) emarginate ; on the second segment the emarginate outer borders of the blotches run out to the basal angles, thus forming, with the corresponding markings on the first segment, an incomplete transverse band ; in the case of the second segment the hinder edge of the blotches is close to the hind margin, in that of the third the drab-grey or buff- coloured hind border is usually a little deeper; fourth segment with a similar pair of blackish blotches (most distinct when the insect is viewed obliquely from behind), more or less rounded off posteriorly, but not emarginate on the outer side; fifth, sixth, and seventh segments dark brown, hind borders of fifth and sixth drab-grey, buff, or ochraceous-buff ; upper surface of abdomen, especially poste- riorly, clothed with minute golden hairs, lateral margins of fifth and following segments fringed with longer brownish hair ; blotches on third segment covered with minute black hairs; venter mouse-grey, clothed with fine golden hair, longer than on dorsum and more erect; hind borders of segments yellowish. Wings: brown area at base including basal fourth to basal sixth of first and second basal cells, the tips of which are included in the transverse band; second costal cell lighter towards the tip; stigma large and well- marked, dark brown; distal margin of transverse band beginning on costal border halfway or two thirds of the distance between end of stigma and level of fork of third vein, and then running obliquely backwards with two promi- nences, one on third vein before it bifurcates, the other in base of second posterior cell ; transverse band terminates in anal cell and does not reach sixth longitudinal vein; discal cell entirely included in transverse band, but its central portion as well as base of first submarginal cell usually lighter; in the apical blotch the intensifications of colour round the ends of the second longitudinal vein and upper branch of the third very conspicuous and characteristic; against a dark background the distal border of the transverse band is seen to-have a lighter edging. Halteresdark brown. Legs: cox mouse-grey ; last three joints of all tarsi dark brown ; 516 Mr. E. E. Austen on new extreme tips of first and second joints of middle and hind tarsi brown; front tibize moderately incrassated, middle and hind tibize not incrassated. Uganda: type and two other specimens from K yadondo, 1903 (Colonel David Bruce, C.B., R.A.M.C., F.R.S.); other specimens from Singo, 1903 (Col. Bruce), Busoga, March 1906 (Dr. A. D. P. Hodges), and the Nile between Wadelai and Nimule, 1906 (the late Dr. W. A. Densham). With reference to the specimen obtained by him, Dr. Densham wrote :—“ Only specimen seen ; taken at an opening in the swampy river edge.” I have pleasure in naming this species in honour of the distinguished investigator, whose epoch- making discovery of the cause of nagana (tsetse-fly disease of animals) laid the foundation of all subsequent work upon the etiology and treatment of sleeping sickness and the various forms of animal trypanosomiasis. Chrysops Brucei is not closely allied to any other African representative of its genus hitherto described. In its abdo- minal markings it presents a certain, though not by any means a close, resemblance to the following species ; but the wing-markings (flecks at tips of second and upper branch of third vein) are alone sufficient to distinguish it from all other African species of Chrysops at present known. Chrysops inconspicua, sp. 1. 9? .—Length (3 specimens) 5 to 75 mm.; width of head 2 to 24 mm.; width of front at vertex # mm.; length of wing 5 to 65 mm. Sinall species, with rather broadly oval abdomen, the dorsum of which is marked with conspicuous paired black spots or transverse blotches, meeting in the middle line in front and separated by triangular interspaces ; wings hyaline, with base, costal border to end of second longitudinal vein, and an oblique transverse band not extending beyond anal cell blackish brown ; anal cell infuscated, a clear space in first and second basal cells near their distal extremities ; legs entirely black. Head.—Front olive-grey, jowls and sides of face chrome- yellow pollinose ; frontal callus very large, shining black, shaped like an equilateral triangle, the apex including the anterior ocellus; vertex with a pair of small, transversely elongate, shining black flecks, one on each side of median line and including one of the other two ocelli; median portion of lower part of face with a single large, somewhat cordate, shining black tubercle, extending to margin of buccal cavity ; no black fleck on jowls; front, sides of face, and African Species of the Genus Chrysops. S17 under surface of head thinly clothed with rather long and fine yellowish hair, longer below ; palpi blackish, slender or of medium thickness, clothed with minute yellowish hairs ; antenne not elongated, first joint more or less incrassated, second joint two thirds of length of first; first and second joints dark mouse-grey, somewhat shining, clothed with rough-looking yellowish-brown hair ; last joint dull brownish black. Thorax : dorsum with a pair of well-defined, broad, shining, blackish-brown longitudinal stripes, rounded off at each end, but not interrupted on transverse suture ; these stripes separated by a broad median mouse-grey stripe, darker from front margin to a little beyond ree suture, the darker portion with a light grey edging ; pleure yellowish pollinose (lower portion ‘of mesopleura blackish), with thick tufts of cadmium-yellow hair; dorsum clothed with fine, erect, pale yellow hair; scutellum dark mouse-grey, clothed with long, thin, yellowish hair. Abdomen: ground-colour of dorsum olive-grey, sides of first and second segments sometimes ochraceous ; first segment with a blackish-brown median blotch, extending well beyond scutellum on each side; paired blotches on the four following segments roughly triangular i in shape, rounded off behind, and not extending to hind margins, but sometimes transversely elongate, being produced so as to include basal angles of segments ; sixth and seventh segments mouse-grey ; dorsum (except on black blotches, which are covered with minute, appressed, blackish hairs) clothed with short chrome-yellow hair, most noticeable on hind margins of segments ; sides of segments, from first to fifth inclusive, fringed with bright cadmium- yellow hair ; venter yellowish grey, clothed with cadmium. -yellow hair, basal portion of some of the segments sometimes with dark brown transverse bands. Wings: basal brown area in first basal cell includes the proximal two thirds ; in second basal cel] it may be confined to proximal third, or, if extending as far as in first basal cell, may be more or less obliterated posteriorly ; proximal margin of transverse band running perfectly straight from base of third vein to inner basal angle of fifth posterior cell, thus filling out the tips of the first and second basal cells with colour ; ‘distal margin of transverse band commencing at end of second longitudinal vein and running obliquely backwards so as to include basal half of fifth posterior cell; distal margin of transverse band with three indentations, the first in first submarginal cell, above fork of third vein, the second in first posterior cell, and the third on or near vein separating fourth and fifth posterior cells ; the transverse band dies away in the anal cell; trans- 518 Mr. E. E. Austen on new verse band sometimes with lighter areas, e. g. in discal cell and at base of fourth and fifth posterior cells; portion of fifth vein bounding second basal cell below more or less suffused with brown; no apical blotch. WHalteres dark brown. Legs: none of the tibiz incrassated. Angola (Ochilonda, Bihé): three specimens, March 7th- 9th, 1905 (Dr. F. Creighton Wellmann). The donor’s field- note on this species is as follows :—‘ Taken March 7th, 8th, and 9th in the edges of bush bordering on small wet plains. Natives call it the ‘antelope fly,’ and state that it bites principally the duyker-bok (Cephalophus Grimmii).” The slight resemblance between this species and the fore- going as regards abdominal markings has already been noted ; the wing-markings, however, at once distinguish it, and it cannot possibly be confused with any other African Chrysops as yet described. Since neither of the three specimens available is in faultless condition, no special type has been selected ; but the foregoing description has been drawn up from all three, which are therefore co-types. Chrysops nigriflava, sp. n. ? .—Length (3 specimens) 74 to 8? mm.; width of head 22 to 24 mm. ; width of front at vertex 2 mm.; length of wing 8 to 84 mm. Cadmium-yellow, with conspicuous black longitudinal stripes ; dorsum of thorax with three black stripes, middle one extending on to scutellum ; dorsum of abdomen with two very broad black stripes, enclosing a narrower median stripe of ground- colour ; base, costal border, and distal half of wings, from base of third vein, blackish brown, an ill-defined lighter area along posterior margin, commencing below upper branch of third vein and terminating in fifth posterior cell; anal cell (in all three specimens available) closed before reaching margin of wing ; legs black. Head cadmium-yellow pollinose; frontal callus shining black, rather narrow in the antero-posterior direction, and on each side ending on a level with outer margin of base of antenna, upper edge somewhat curved, ends rounded off, lower edge straighter; vertex marked with a dark brown | nearly circular spot, which includes the ocelli; median tumid area of lower part of face with shining dark brown triangle on each side, apices of triangle reaching margin of buccal cavity; no dark spot on jowls; sides of face, jowls, and under side of head clothed with cadmium-yellow hair; palpi large, lanceolate in shape when viewed from outer side, African Species of the Genus Chrysops. 519 blackish brown and clothed with brownish hair; antenne (third joint missing) black, not slender, first joint slightly incrassate and also somewhat elongate, length of second joint two thirds of that of first joint ; hair clothing first and second joints black. Thorax: black stripes on dorsum at least twice as broad as the paiy of yellow stripes separating them, which are somewhat paler than elsewhere ; a dark brown stripe on side of thorax ona level with base of wing, extending from front margin to postalar callus ; beneath this stripe in well-preserved specimens there is a thick fringe of cadmium- yellow hair, and the lateral yellow stripe external to the outer dorsal black stripe bears similar hair; lower part of mesopleura and pectus blackish brown. Seutellum yellow on sides and posteriorly ; end of median thoracic stripe forming a dark shield-shaped median spot, not extending to hind margin; yellow area on scutellum and admedian yellow thoracic stripes apparently pollinose, the ground-colour being black. Abdomen: black dorsal stripes starting from a common base on front margin of first segment beneath scutellum, dividing just before reaching hind margin of this segment, and extending without interruption to the seventh segment ; they approach one another on the sixth segment and almost or quite come into contact on the seventh ; on the third and following segments the stripes widen out so as to reach the lateral margins ; venter, except a scarcely visible black or blackish median area at extreme base on first segment, entirely cadmium-yellow without markings, clothed with short, appressed, similarly coloured hair; median dorsal stripe and sides of first and second segments clothed with similar hair. Wings: transverse band extending to hind margin (though lighter posteriorly), and so broad that wing may be described as blackish brown with exception of a large, semihyaline, triangular area at the base ; the upper margin of this light area, which is somewhat blurred, starts at the base of the anal cell and runs obliquely forward into the marginal cell a little before the base of the third longitudinal vein ; the anterior side of the light area is formed by the proximal margin of the transverse band, which runs at right angles to the costa, from the base of the third vein straight down into the anal cell; the alula, axillary cell, and apical portion of anal cell are all infuscated ; lighter area in distal half of wing widest in first submarginal cell (7. e. below what in the case of other species would be the apical blotch), and thence progressively diminishing in width. Halteres dark brown. Legs entirely black and clothed with short black hair, none of the tibize incrassated, 520 On new Species of Plecotus. German East Africa: type and two other specimens from Neguelo, Usambara (purchased from Hermann Rolle). The striking markings and coloration of this species are sufficient to distinguish it without difficulty from any other African Chrysops at present known. SYNONYMICAL AND OTHER NOTEs. Chrysops tarsalis, Walk., = C. longicornis, Macq., as suggested by Gerstaecker (Baron Carl Claus von der Decken’s ‘Reisen in Ost-Afrika,” Bd. u. Abth. 3, 1873, p. 384). Miss Ricardo (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. ix. 1902, p. 368) is mistaken in regarding the two species as distinct. Chrysops trimaculatus, Bigot, = C. longicornis, Macq. Through the courtesy of Mr. G. H. Verrall, in whose collec- tion it now is, I have been enabled to examine Bigot’s type, which is a g, not a 9, as stated by the author and by Miss Ricardo (loc. cit. p. 371). Chrysops fuscus, Ricardo (loc. cit. p. 368).—The type and remainder of the original series of this species are males, not females, as stated by the author. LXXV.— Descriptions of Two new Species of Plecotus. By G. E. H. Barretrt-HAmMILTON. Amongst the bats in the British Museum of Natural History I find two undescribed species of the ‘* Long-ear.” They may be characterized as follows :— B) “7: Plecotus tenerife, sp. n. This bat resembles P. auritus of Britain, but has much larger wings. The colour is apparently darker, but cannot be taken as reliable from the old dried skin upon which this description is based: it is, above, near Ridgway’s “ hair- brown,” the hair-tips lighter; below, dirty yellowish white, the dark basal portions of the hairs not evident. The type has no skull. The dimensions (in millimetres) of the type are as follows :— Head and body 52; tail 45; ear from the notch 35; tragus 14; thumb without claw 6; longest digit 73; basal joint of fifth digit 35 ; basal joint of second digit 37; fore- arm 44; tibia 18°5 ; hind foot (without claw) 8. Hab. Teneriffe. On a new Species of Monkey. 521 The type, a dried skin, is No. 87. 4.18.1 of the British Museum collection, and was taken at Orotava, Teneriffe, by Sei. R. Gomez on the 3rd of April, 1887. The large wings of this bat mark it as distinct from any other known Plecotus. Plecotus puck, sp. n. This bat resembles P. auritus of Britain and is of similar size, but has a quite distinct skull. The colour of the basal portions of the hairs is everywhere dusky: the tips are, above between Ridgway’s “isabella colour” and “ broccoli-brown,” below whitish ; the upperside has a grizzled appearance. The skull, as compared with Central European examples (? austriacus of Geoffroy), is smaller, but about equal in size to those from England. The facial region and palate are, however, narrower and the backward extension of the latter less pronounced ; the auditory bullz are Jarger. The dimensions of the type (in millimetres) are as follows :— Head and body 40*; tail 50*; ear 41 *; ear from the notch 32; tragus 16; thumb without claw 8; longest digit 60; basal joint of fifth digit 82 ; basal joint of second digit 34:5 ; forearm 38; tibia 17; hind foot without claw 8. The type is a skin, No. 5.11.19. 1 of the British Museum collection. Itis a male taken at Murree, N. India, altitude 7500 feet, by Capt. E. T. F. Birrell, R.A.M.C., on the 20th of August, 1905. This bat approaches more closely to European Plecoti than to others in the Museum from ‘Tor, Sinai, and from Ladak. ‘he latter are in both cases larger, in which character they agree with two from Hokkaido, Japan. ‘They are, perhaps, referable to Hodgson’s P. homochrous. LXXVI.—Description of a new Species of Monkey (Cerco- pithecus Hamlyni) from the Ituri Forest. By R. I. Pocock, F.L.S., Superintendent of the Zoological Society’s Gardens. Cercopithecus Hamlyni, sp. n. Skin of the face a purplish-brown hue, with a narrow whitish flesh-coloured line extending from the brow between the eyes and nostrils on to the upper lip. Ears the same colour as the face, scantily clothed with inconspicuous * Collector’s measurements from label. Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. ot 522 On a new Flying-Squirrel from Formosa. speckled hairs. Head with a rather inconspicuous short and narrow pale brow-band ; the rest of the head, the cheeks, and the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the body uniformly dark-coloured, the hairs being finely speckled with brownish yellow. No white on the throat or chest, the underside being for the most part of an olive-grey or brownish-grey hue. ‘The arms and legs speckled to the wrists and ankles, but darker than the body, especially upon the upper arm and thigh, the speckling being less apparent than on the body ; hands and feet for the most part black above. ‘Tail the same colour above as below, speckled and tinted like the body in the basal two thirds of its length, with its distal third black. The whiskers are full and directed obliquely backwards and downwards, and the coat is fairly thick and long. Loc. Vhe Ituri Forest. A single living speeimen belonging to the Hon. Walter Rothschild and procured from Mr. J. D. Hamlyn, after whom the species is named. ) This is a very distinct species. By the analytical key to the groups of species of the genus Cercopithecus published in my recent monograph (P. Z. 8. 1907, p. 681) of these monkeys it falls under heading ‘‘y’”’—that is to say, with the species of the Leucampyx- and Albogularis-groups ; but it has not the black fore limbs and white throat of either section, and further differs from both in the uniformity in tint and speckling between the head and body, in lacking the black of the head and nape characteristic of the Leucampyz- group and the brighter red or yellow hue of the dorsal area of the body of the Albogularis-group. Finally, the peculiar white line down the centre of the face is quite unique. LXXVII.—A new Flying-Squirrel from Formosa. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. Petaurista lena, sp. n. A beautiful rufous species with a pure white head and under surface. ; General colour above a brilliant chestnut-rufous, much as in P. grandis, but less dulled by black. This colour extends over the upperside of the neck from the occiput, the back, and the whole of the upperside of the parachute down to the elbows and ankles. Under surface and inner side of limbs pure white throughout or slightly tinged with yellowish. Head also pure white above and below, bounded abruptly behind by the rich rufous of the nape; a few rufous hairs forming a narrow rim round the eyes. Ears long, oval, On Two African Freshwater Sponges. 523 mostly naked, the hairs on their bases behind rufous, passing into a darker postauricular spot, which may be more or less mixed with blackish rufous. Hands white, forearms and edges of the patagial cartilage mixed rufous and white, as are also the edges of the parachute, the proportions of the rufous and white hairs varying in the two specimens. Hind feet dark rufous proximally, more or less grizzled with white terminally. Tail mixed black and rufous, the tip with a black or black-and-white tuft. Skull, as compared with that of P. grandis, readily distin- guishable by its much longer and narrower nasals, which are far less expanded anteriorly ; the nasal opening is conse- quently much narrower, while of about the same height. Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :-— Head and body 350 mm.*; tail 440 ; hind foot (wet) 76 ; ear (wet) 40. Skull: upper length to hinder edge of parietal 68 ; greatest breadth 47°5; nasals 23°5 x 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 17:2 ; palatilar length 32; length of upper tooth-row exclusive of pe 1G. Hab. Tapposha, Central Formosa. Type. Adult female. Collected 18th February, 1907, by native hunters for Mr. Alan Owston. Original number 60. Two specimens. This striking flying-squirrel is one of the most beautiful species ever described, owing to the wonderful contrast between the rich red body and the pure white head and underparts. The two specimens are practically the same throughout, and the skull-difference from P. grandis, also a native of Formosa, shows that P. dena is not a mere colour- phase of that animal. LXXVIII.—WNotes on Two Species of African Freshwater Sponges. By R. KIRKPATRICK. Mr. J. Stuart THomson has sent to the Natural History Museum several small specimens of freshwater sponges which he collected from a pond at Valkenberg Vlei, near Cape Town. The specimens, which are in the form of crusts on the stems of rushes, belong, in my opinion, to a new variety of Lphydatia fluviatilis, Linn, This almost cosmopolitan species has been found in Europe, Asia, and America, but, [ believe, is now recorded for the first time from Africa. A specimen of a second species, viz. of Spongilla cerebellata, Rowerbank, from a pond near Cairo, has heen presented to the Museum by Dr. Innes Bey, through Mr. C. Boulenger. * Probably shrunk ; the other specimen is 430 mm, in length, 524 On Two African Freshwater Sponges. S. cerebellata has been recorded from Central India. If Dr. Annandale is right in regarding this species as a form of S. lacustris, then the two commonest Huropean species, E. fluviatilis and S. lacustris, have to be added to the list of African freshwater sponges, of which twenty-one species are now known. A description of the new variety of H. fluviatilis is given below. wo Fig. 1.—£Ephydatia fluviatilis, var. eapensis, on reed, nat. size. Fig. 2.—Gemmule. Fig. 3.—Oxea., Figs. 4, 5.—Smooth and spined tornotes. Figs. 6, 7.—Amphidisks. Fig. 8.—Iind view of same. Fig. 9.—Oxea of #. fluviatilis from Thames, London. Figs. 10, 11.—Amphidisk from Thames specimen, side and end view. Ephydatia fluviatilis, Linn., var. capensis, nov. Sponge encrusting ; colour, alive or in alcohol, of a medium brown; surface in part smooth and uniform, in part pitted and finely hirsute. Oscules scattered, level with surface, inconspicuous, about 1 to 1°5 mm. in diameter. Flagellated chambers small, oval, 20x 16 wp. Gemmules large, oval, °75 mm. in length by *54 mm. in breadth, with funnel-shaped tube opening flush with the ~ Bibliographical Notices. 525 surface ; with thick (10 w) chitinous inner shell and a single layer of amphidisks embedded in a vesicular layer. Spicules : slender oxeas (fig. 3) 288 x 8 yw, curved, attenu- ating gradually, smooth or finely and sparsely spined; tornote oxeas (figs. 4, 5) 240 x 12 w, smooth or finely spined. Gemmule spicules: amphidisks (figs. 6-8) 35°6 w long, shaft 4°3 w thick, smooth or with one or several spines ; diameter of deeply incised disks 24°34; with a knob at centre of disk. Numerous developmental forms scattered in the tissues of the sponge. Hab, Valkenberg Vlei, near Cape Town (J. Stuart Thomson). There are seven specimens of this sponge, all encrusting, the largest being 5 cm. long and ‘5 cm. thick. The chief point of interest lies in a comparison with the typical Euro- pean form. In the latter the subtornote oxeas (fig. 9) are considerably longer and thicker, viz. 320 x 20 w; the amphi- disks (figs. 10, 11) are much shorter, viz. 18°5 uw, with disks 21-4 in diameter and shafts 4°5 thick ; lastly, the gemmules are smaller, on an average about ‘36°31 mm. These differences led me at first to regard the Cape specimens as representatives of a new species, but I ultimately came to regard them as belonging to a new strongly marked variety of Ephydatia fluviatilis, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India (Entomological Series). Ato. Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa. Printed by Thacker, Spink, & Co., Calcutta. A usEruL periodical, recently commenced under the editorship of the energetic Imperial Entomologist, Prof. H. Maxwell-Letroy, F.ES., F.Z.8. The following parts have already apppeared :— Vol. I, No. I. The Bombay Locust. II. The more important Insects injurious to Indian Agriculture. Both by Prof. Maxwell-Lefroy. III. The Indian Surface Caterpillars of the Genus Agrotis. By Prof. Maxwell-Lefroy and _ his Assistant, C. C. Ghosh, B.A. IV. Individual and Seasonal Variations in /Zelopeltis theivora, Waterhouse, with Description of a new Species of /Helopeltis. By Harold H. Mann, D.S8ce., Scientific Officer, Indian Tea Association. The following is announced as in the press :— V. The Coccide attacking the Tea-plant in India and Ceylon. By E. E, Green, F.E.S., and Harold H. Mann, D.Sc. 526 Bibliographical Notices. Homoptera Andina: Die Zikaden des Kordillerengebictes von Siid- amerika nach Systematik und Verbreitung, von A. Jaconr. — I. Cicadide. (Abhandlungen und Berichte des Konigl. Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden.) Band xi. (5). 1907. 4to. Pp. 28. Tae present work offers us a synopsis of the Cicadide of all the Pacific States of South America, from the southern limits of the fauna included in the ‘ Fauna Boreali-Americana’ to Chile in the south, and to Venezuela and the Upper Amazon districts on the east. Seventy-two species are enumerated in the present work, of which no less than forty-four are figured (occasionally with additional details) on the large double plate accompanying the paper. Eight species are represented in colour, the rest being plain, and seven species are described as new. New species, or those which have been insufficiently described, are noticed at length, but the others often very briefly. On p. 5a useful diagram of neuration &c. is given according to the system of Stal. Limited faunistic works like the present, especially when well illustrated, are of great value in extending our knowledge of the details of a subject so vast as Entomology. W. Exe Précis des Caractéres génériques des Insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel par le Citoyen Latreille. A Paris, chez Prévot, Libraire, Quai des Augustins, et 4 Brive, chez F. Bourdeaux, Imprimeur Libraire. A Brive, de Imprimerie des F. Bourdeaux, au 5 de la R. [1796]. Pp. xiv, 208. Imprimé a 200 Exemplaires pour A. Hermann. wmbccccvil. We alluded recently to a work published on the early life of the great French entomologist Latreille, who stood in a somewhat similar relationship to Cuvier as that occupied by Fabricius towards Linné. Latreille was born in 1762, and died in 1833. After his almost miraculous escape from death during the early days of the Revolution he devoted himself to entomology with great ardour, 74 entries (from 1792 onwards) figuring in Hagen’s ‘ Bibliotheca Entomologica’ under his name. The work before us is a reprint of one of the rarest of entomological books, of which only a few copies are known to be in existence; and it is also the earliest of the important series of books on systematic entomology which made Latreille’s name famous. It includes the characters in French of all the genera of Insects, Arachnida, Crustacea, and Myriopoda, divided into 14 Orders. No species are mentioned, and no types are assigned even to new genera; but this omission was fully rectified by the publication (1802-1805) of the largest and most valuable of Latreille’s works, his great ‘ Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére, des Crustacés et des Insectes,’ in 14 volumes. We are glad that the numerous entomological libraries which do not possess the ‘ Précis’ will now be able to place at least the reprint on their shelves. INDEX *r0° VOLS XX. ABARATHA, new species of, 452. Abricta, new species of, 415. Acanthoglossus, new species of, 293, 498. Allonotus, characters of the new genus, 29. Ampbhilius, new species of, 488. Amphipods, on some freshwater, 227 Ancistrocerus, new species of, 85. Andersen, K., on Pteropus masca- rinus, 351; on the geographical races of Rhinolophus hipposiderus, 384. Andrena, new species of, 128. Andrews, Dr. C. W., on the cervical vertebre of Zeuglodon trom the Barton clay, 374. Anomalon, new species of, 14. Aotus, new species of, 189, Arachnida, new, 33, 297. Archeocidaris, on the generic name, 452. Arnetta, new species of, 433. Apes, on the hand and foot in man and, 155. Aphadnus, characters of the new genus, 26, Apobletes, new species of, 97. Apona, new species of, 75. Atholus, new species of, 346, Atractylis coccinea, remarks on, 52. Aurivillius, new species of, 4. Austen, E. E., on new African species of Chrysops, 507. Automolis, new species of, 506, Beeturia, new species of, 417. Barbus, new species of, 536, 486, 488. Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H., on two new species of Plecotus, 520. Bather, F. A., Echinocrinus versus Archeeocidaris, 452. Bathyonyx, characters of the new genus, 227. Batrachians, new, 46, 47, 109. Birds, on the trematode parasites of British, 245. Bolton, H., on a marine fauna in the Bristol coal-tield, 375. Books, new :—Books and Portraits illustrating the History of Plant Classification, 80; Bernard’s Cata- logue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum, 168 ; Reid’s I Go A-Walking, 295 ; Nature in School, 296 ; English’s 100 Photographs from Life, 372 ; Lodge’s 100 Photographs from Life, 372; de Nussac’s Les Débuts d’un Savant Naturaliste, Pierre André Latreille, 8372; Bordage’s Recherches anatomiques et biolo- giques sur l’'Autotomie et la Ré- génération chez divers Arthro- odes, 373; The Fauna of British Fnaies Butterflies, vol. ii., 378; Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, 525; Jacobi’s Homoptera Andina, 526; Précis des Caractéres génériques des Tnsectes, 526. Boulenger, G. A., remarks on Prof, L. von Méhely’s paper “ Zur Lésung der Muralis-Frage, 39; 528 on a new engystomatid frog, 46; on a new toad and a new amphis- beenid from Mashonaland, 47 ; on a new cichlid fish, 50; on new freshwater fishes from S. Came- roon, 50; on new freshwater fishes from Angola, 108; on a new frog from Angola, 109; on new African species of Barbus, 336; on a new pit-viper from Brazil, 838 ; on new freshwater fishes from 8. Came- roon, 485; on new fishes from Central Africa, 487; on a new African snake, 489. Brachiopod nomenclature, notes on, 223; morphology, 576. Breviceps, new species of, 46. Browne, E. T., on the medusee be- longing to the family Laodiceidee, 457. Buckman, S.58., notes on brachiopod nomenclature, 223; on brachiopod morphology, 376. Bufo, new species of, 48. Bulimulus, new species of, 491. Burbunga, new species of, 416. Cabrera, A., on three new Spanish insectivores, 212. Callicebus, new species of, 16], 191 Caltoris, new species of, 434. Cameron, P., on the hymenoptera of the oriental zoological region, 10, 81. Castnia, new species of, 505. Casyapa, new species of, 450. Cebus, new species of, 292. Celzenorhinus, new species of, 431. Cerceris, new species of, 85. Cercidochela, characters of the new genus, 284. Cercopithecus, 521. Chioneema, new species of, 76, Chirindia, characters of the new genus, 48. Chrysops, new species of, 507. Cicada, new species of, 418. Cladomelea, new species of, 36, Clarias, new species of, 51. Clausilia, new species of, 495. Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and records of bees, 59, 122, 445. Coleoptera, new, 95, 3539, 425, 481. new species of, Colganta, new species of, 26. INDEX. Colopus, new species of, 195. Copepods from the 8.W. coast of Ireland, on, 377. Cornillus, characters of the new genus, 99. Crabro, new species of, 88. Crangonyx, on the sensory capsules in species of, 231. Cratocryptus, new species of, 24. Crocidura, new species of, 197, 215, 390. Crossomys, characters of the new genus, 70. Crustacea, new, 227, 365, 377; on the, of the Channel Islands, 356. Cryptocotyle concayum, remarks on, 261. Ctenocharax, characters of the new genus, 402. Ctenomys, new species of, 164. Cyrtogone, new species of, 8. Dasypus sexcinctus, on the local forms of, 165, Desmacidon, new species of, 282. Diacrisia, new species of, 75. Diaphractus, characters of the new genus, 313. Diplogrammicus, characters of the new genus, 481. Diptera, new, 507. Distant, W. L., rhynchotal notes, 411; on anew genus and species of Cerambycide, 423; on a new species of Cicadide from E. Africa, 425, Drassidze, new S. African, 297. Drassodes, new species of, 305. Drepana, new species of, 77. Druce, H., on new heterocera, 505, Druce, H. H., on a new lyczenid from Mauritius, 219. Dryomys, new subspecies of, 407. , definition of the new generic name, 406. Echinocrinus, on the generic name, 452. Echthrus, new species of, 19. Eleotris, new species of, 52. Elliot, Dr. G., on new species and subspecies of mammals, 185; on a new species of Cebus, 292; on a new baboon from British E. Africa, 499. Epeolus, new species of, 60. Ephydatia fluviatilis, new variety of, 524, INDEX. 529 Epiphora, new species of, 1. Epirhyssa, new species of, 16. Epitoxus, new species of, 347. Eretmotus, new species of, 106. Escharina Dutertrei, remarks on, 210. Eugrammicus, characters of the new genus, 99. ‘ Euproctis, new species of, 78. Sutidium, new species of, 340. Exosternus, new species of, 104, Felis, new species of, 396. leo and F, concolor, on the significance of the pattern of the cubs of, 436. Fishes, new, 50, 93, 108, 336, 402, 485, 4387. Fitzwilliams, Dr. D. C. L., on func- tion and form with reference to the hand and foot in man and apes, 155. Fovaya, new species of, 21. Friona, new species of, 23. Gahania, characters of the new genus, 423, Galago, new species of, 186, Gammarid, on the reduction of the eye in an Irish, 227. Gellius, new species of, 286. Genetyllis, new species of, 175. Geological Society, proceedings of the, 374. Godman, Dr. F. D., on the American species of Hesperiidae described by Plotz, 132. Godwin-Austen, Lt.-Col. I. T., on Helix hyba, 55. Gonimpbrasia, new species of, 4, Grammostethus, new species of, B45, Grison, new species of, 162, Gronoceras, characters of the new genus, 65. Gunomys, characters of the new genus, 203. ’ Gymnophallus, new species of, 265. Haliphera, new species of, 81. Hasora, new species of, 435, Helicocranchia, characters of the new genus, 382. Helix hyba, observations on, 55. Henslow, Prof. G., on the xerophytic character of coal-plants, 575, Herpestes gracilis, on the African mungooses of the group of, 110, Hesperiidae, new, 430, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xx. Tlesperiid, on the American, de- scribed by Plétz, 132. Heteroscodra, new species of, 36. Hirst, A. S., on new African spiders and Solifuge, 33; on new pill- millipedes from the Malay Penin- sula and Siam, 215. Ilister, new species of, 101, 344, 485. Histeridz, new, 95, 339, 480. Histizea, new species of, 506. Holocera, new species of, 9. Homalopygus, new species of, 349. Hoplakithara, characters of the new genus, 285. Ilylobates agilis, on the hand and foot of, 155. Hymedesmia, new species of, 273. Hymenoptera, new, 10, 59, 81, 122, 445. Hymerrhaphia, new species of, 274. Hyposolenus, characters of the new genus, 97. Tluza, new species of, 79. Imbrasia, new species of, 2. Imeria, new species of, 28. Iophon, new species of, 276, Iphiaulax, new species of, 10. Isepeolus, characters of the new genus, 64. Ismene, new species of, 434, Jameson, H. L., on a new hare from the Transvaal, 404. Joyeuxia, new species of, 283. Kirkpatrick, R., on the Monaxo- nellida of the National Antarctic Expedition, 271; on two African fresh water sponges, 523. Labeo, new species of, 108. Lacerta muralis, remarks on, 39. Lachesis, new species of, 338. Lagothrix, new species of, 193. Laodice Maasii, definition of the new specific name, 466. Laodiceide, revision of the, 457. Lepidoptera, new, 1, 75, 219, 430, 505, Leptolepis, new species of, 93, Lepus granatensis, new forms of, 398, Leucoma, new species of, 78, Lewis, G., on new Histeride, 95, 339, 480, Limnea, new species of, 496, Lissomyxilla, new species of, 275, Lobobuniea, new species of, 5. 30 530 Ludia, new species of, 9. Lydekker, R., on the name of the Armenian wild sheep, 121. Lynx pardella, definition of the new specific name, 398. M‘Intosh, Prof., ona porbeagle shark with a large suboral aperture, 169; on the young of the iing, 171; ona large example of Omma- strephes sagittatus, 172 ; on Gene- tyllis citrina, 175; on the repro- duction of Nereis diversicolor, 176. Macrotristria, new species of, 412. Mammals, new, 31, 70, 113, 161, 185, 196, 202, 212, 221, 292, 293, 390, 398, 404, 406, 426, 498, 499, 500, 520, 521, 522, Man and apes, on the hand and foot in, 155. Mardalana, new species of, 418. Maritrema, characters of the new genus, 265. Marmosa, new species of, 167. Mason, G. E., on an extinct fruit-bat of the genus Pteropus, 220. Massy, A. L., on copepods from the S.W. coast of Ireland, 377. Mastacembelus, new species of, 487. Medusze belonging to the family Laodiceide, revision of the, 457. Megachile, new species of, 68. Melampsalta, new species of, 419. Melanocera, new species of, 5. Melanophora, new species of, 327. Meles, new species of, 394. Mesostenoideus, new species of, 22. Metopa, new species of, 365. Microlister, new species of, 102. Microtus, new subspecies of, 201. Miller, G. S., on new European in- sectivora and carnivora, 389; on two new forms of the Spanish hare, 398 ; on new European squirrels, 426, Mimagoniates, characters of the new genus, 402. Miniopterus, 197. Mollusea, new, 490. Molva molva, on the young of, a Monaxonellida of the National Ant- arctic Expedition, on the, 271. Monoplius, new species of, 103. Mungos, new subspecies of, 113, new subspecies of, INDEX. Murexus, characters of the genus, 350, Mus, new species of, 206, 501. Mycale, new species of, 280, Myxilla, new species of, 278. Nacaduba, new species of, 219. Nannocharax, new species of, 485. Neomys, new species of, 214. Nereis diversicolor, on the reproduc- tion of, 176. : WNesokia, new species of, 199, 205; subdivision of the old genus, 202. Nicoll, W., on the trematode para- sites of British birds, 245. Niphargus, on the sensory capsules In species of, 250, Norman, Canon A. M., on some British polyzoa, 207 ; on the erus- tacea of the Channel Islands, 356. Notocrypta, new species of, 434, Oceanapia, new species of, 289. Octopus with branching arms, note on an, 407, Odynerus, new species of, 82. Ommastrephes sagittatus, note on a large example of, 172. Onthophilus, new species of, 107. Ophlitaspongia, new species of, 274. Ophthalmodes, new species of, 80. Osmia, new species of, 122, 446. Otomys, new species of, 51. Ovis orientalis, note on, 121. Pachycreerus, new species of, 548. Palarus, new species of, 91. Papio, new species of, 194, 499. Paratilapia, new species of, 108. Paratropus, new species of, 349. Parusta, characters of the new genus, 6. Pauropsalta, new species of, 422. Pedetes, new species of, 32. Pedoptila, new species of, 506. Perdita, new species of, 129. Petaurista, new species of, 522. Petersius, new species of, 487. Petrosia, new species of, 290. Phalanger, new species of, 74. Phylactella pyginzea, remarks on, 210. Phyllodocid, on a new, 175. Physa, new species of, 497. Pill-millipedes, new, 215. Planorbis, new species of, 496. Platyoides, new species of, 297. Platysoma, new species of, 98. new INDEX. Plecotus, new species of, 520, Pleurodonte, new species of, 490. Pocock, Kt. I., on the significance of the pattern of the cubs of lions and of pumas, 436; on a new species of monkey, 521. Polita, new species of, 490, Polymastia, new species of, 271. Polypus, new species of, 377. cephea, note on a specimen of, 407. Polyzoa, notes on British, 207. Porbeagle shark with a large suboral aperture, note on a, 169. Preston, H. B., on new land and freshwater shells from Central and South America, 490, Probolosternus, new species of, 104. Pronolagus, new subspecies of, 404. Psen, new species of, 89. Psilostomum brevicolle, remarks on, 269. Pterinochilus, new species of, 33. Pteropus, on an extinct fruit-bat of the genus, 220, 351. Purcell, Dr. W. F., onnewS. African Drassidz, 297. Putorius, new subspecies of, 395. Pycna, new species of, 425. Niaia undulata, note on, 405. Rana, new species of, 109, Regan, C. T., on two new characinid fishes from 8. America, 402; on Raia undulata, 403. Reithrodontomys, new species of, 163. Reniera, new species of, 291, Reninus, new species of, 105. Reptiles, new, 48, 338, 489. Rhinolophus hipposiderus, on the geographical races of, 384, Rhynchota, new, 411, 425. Rhyssa, new species of, 15. Rothschild, Hon. L. W., on new African Saturniide, 1. Russell, E. S., on the Atractylis coccinea of T. S. Wright, 52. Saimiri, new species of, 190. Sarangesa, new species of, 431, Saturniidz, new African, 1, Schizoporella Alderi, remarks on, 209. Sciurus, new subspecies of, 426. Scotopheeus, new species of, 312. Seminula, remarks on the genus, 293. 551 Shark, on a porbeagle, with a large suboral aperture, 169, Sheep, on the name of the Armenian wild, 121. Sigmaxinyssa, characters of the new genus, 272. Silinus, characters genus, 343. Silsila, new species of, 22. Simocephalus, new species of, 489. Smith, KE. A., on an octopus with branching arms, 407. Solenodon paradoxus, on the habits and external characters of, 68. Solpuga, new species of, 39. Spelotrema, new species of, 248. Spherotylus, new species of, 272. Sphecodes, new species of, 450. ~~ Spiders, new African, 33. Sponges, notes on two African fresh- water, 523. Spongilla cerebellata, note on, 525. Staurophora, new species of, 472. Stenogyra, new species of, 496. Stephanoda, new syecies of, 490. Swinhoe, Col. C., on new and little- known Eastern moths, 75 ; on new African and Indo-Malayan Hespe- ride, 430. Synodontis, new species of, 50. Tagiades, new species of, 430. Tagoropsis, new species of, 7. Talpa, new subspecies of, 212. Tedania, new species of, 279. Telicota, new species of, 453. Terebratula, notes on species of, 225. Terebripora, new species of, 208, Teretriosoma, new species of, 339, Thamnomys, new species of, 504. Theuma, new species of, 299. Thomas, O., on new mammals from British New Guinea, 70; on neo- tropical mammals of the’ genera Callicebus &c., 161; on mammals from Northern Persia, 196; on the genus Nesokia and on a new species of Mus, 202; on the occur- rence of Acanthoglossus in British New Guinea, 293; on a new dor- mouse from Asia Minor, 406; on a new Acanthoglossus from Sala- watti, 498; on a new flying- squirrel from Formosa, 522. Thopha, new species of, 411. Tilapia, new species of, 50, of the new 332 Yocotrema, new species of, 257, Trematode parasites of British birds, on the, 245, ‘Triepeolus, new species of, 59. Urabunana, new species of, 425, Uromys, new species of, 72. Vejdovsky, Prof. F., on the reduc- tion of the eye inanew gammarid from Ireland, 227. Verrill, A. H., on the habits and ex- ternal characters of the solenodon of San Domingo, 68. Vulpes, new species of, 391. Woodward, Dr. A. Smith, on a new IN DEX. leptolepid fish from the Weald Clay of Southwater, 93. Wroughton, R. C., on new mammals from 8. Africa, 31; on the mun- gooses of the Herpestes gracilis group, 110; on mammals from the Bahr-el-Ghazal, 500. Xanthopimpla, new species of, 19. Xerophzus, characters’ of the new genus, 314. Zabromorphus, new species of, 100, 343, 482. Zachresta, new species of, 13. Zephronia, new species of, 215, END OF THE TWENTIETH VOLUME, PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, ° RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. y 4" ‘SISNAC TVA SIdHIOLdH r durt py il ‘TOS syarweg yY IAW WY 39 [sp 'apreag py bf.= © \) VW Tid XX TALS ISYL PON boy yp uuy . Vol. XX. PULL. ‘ Nat. Fist. S. Ann. & Mag. J.Grean photo imp MACROPS. BREVICEPS Anwdé Mag. Nat.Hist. 8.7. Vol XX. Pv IIT. J.Green del.et hth BUFO ANOTIS. Fol: MADE LY. ie Maga. Nat. Mist. S. Ann. & ‘NOGONUYTOS ODNINOG NVS Ann. & Mag. Nat. Mist. S. 7. Vol. XX. Pl. Ann. & Mag. Nat.Hist. §. 7. EUS OSE GF a — Say FE Popple del, Ann.& Mag. Nat Mist. 5.7. Vol AX. PUVA. A.H.W. del d.Green lth. A.H.W del. Aniv.d& Mag. Nat, Hist.S.7. Vol XX. PL. VIL. \ J.Greer lith. J.Green lith. - W.CM.& ATW. del. q Lone Aniv.bMag. Nat.Hist. 8. 7.Vol. XX Pl. Al, DO. Bed al Vol. fe hoy Ann, & May. Nat. fist. Fig. 10 re Vejdovsky del. Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 7. Vol. XX. Pl. XII. Fg : eye) Vejdovsky del Farsky, Pro Nile ks, wii , Ann.d Mag. Nat. Mist. 8.7. Vol.XX. PUN. Parcell del heen ht MAX Ann.& Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 7 : Vol ALPEN: 30. 28. 22. Purcell del. J.Green lith. Anind Mag. Nat. Hist. §.7. Vol. XX. PL.XV. Purcell del. J.Green lith a i ) i ~ = 4 “ d.Green lth. \ USS SSS LAWRASR = S ie a, * ” b - ey] “_/> “ 7 ad} iW Ae fo ol A.) D - —— J.Green lith. Annwd Mag. Nat. Hist. §.7. Vol.XX. Pl. XVII. From a drawing by C.Berjeau J.Green lith Dito e tore. Janam with, branching armé. . ~ 4 A. LAS In hi a's Vag. Nat. fH ol. J. ii ol. j S J 4 “st | aie Pay, », thy Sion SS » R.LP. del. Ann.& Mag. Nat. Hist. §.7.Vol.XX. PUXX, es * BINDING SECT. JUL 2 -1968 QH The Annals & magazine of natural history 1 A6 ser.7 v.20 Biologic “al & Medica! 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