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THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

INCLUDING

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.

(BEING A CONTINUATION OF TILE ‘ANNALS ? COMBINED WITIT LOUDON AND
CHARLESWORTIH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ )

CONDUCTED BY

WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S.,
ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S.,

AND

WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.LS.

EE er

VOL. XII.—EIGHTH SERIES.

———eeeeeeeeeeeeeOeeeeEeaeEeeeee Oe

VM
c\
LONDON: 4;
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SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD.;
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TOTS.

“Omnes res creatz sunt divine sapientix et potenti testes, divitia felicitatis
humane :—ex harum usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;
ex ceconomid in conseryatione, proportione, renoyatione, potentia majestatis
elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper eestimata ;
a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doetis et barbaris semper
inimica fuit.”—Linnaus.

“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour
voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuyre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden,
1767.

oo se mole s wits eeelne sylvan powers
Obey our summons; from their deepest dells
The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild
And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs
That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme
And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,
But scatter round ten thousand forms minute
Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock
Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too
Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face
They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush
That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,
Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,
The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,
AU, all to us unlock their secret stores
And pay their cheerful tribute.
J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.

» ) OO
Y i i ALERE 4 FLAMMAM.
f i> :
f 4
‘ Pept

CONTENTS OF VOL. XII.

(EIGHTH SERIES. }

NUMBER 67.

Page
1, Description of new Species of Pyralide of the Subfamily
Pyraustine. By Sir Grores F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c. ....

II. Notes on the Lamellicorn Genus Popillia and Descriptions of
some new Oriental Species in the British Museum. By GILBERT
Soe ANTE ge SIE Se ERO IC an COIL g LICR Ca ae a

III. Some Mycetophilid Synonymy (Diptera). By F. W.
RBA DS ies herein «a Shere .atenng <p ue he 2) 25 OSS COE OCOD Sa

LV. Some new Species of Indian Tenebrionide. By K. G. Buarr. 56
V. On a new Species of Clementia. By A. J. JuKES-BROWNE,
E.RS., F.GS. (Plate L)........----.0 eee se MRT caararor eres eli 5

VI. Descriptions of new Species of African Heterocera in the
Oxford Museum. By G. T. BrTHUNE-BaKER, ELS. EAs eae ae

VII. Descriptions of Four new Fishes discovered by Mr. G. L.
Bates in the Nyong River, 8. Cameroon. By G. A. BoULENGER,

Tue SS 2 a2 0 eee oie Ys tO eae

VIII. On the Presence of Two closely allied Species of Toads of
the Genus Nectophryne in Cameroon. By G. A. BovLENGER, F.R.S. 70

IX. Description of a new Snake discovered by My, A. E. Pratt in

Eastern Peru. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.RS. ,..-..- 000s sere ees 72
X. Note on an interesting Abnormality in Echinus esculentus.
By Hersert L. Hawkins, M.Sc., F.G.S., Lecturer in Geology,
73

University College, Reading .......-sseesseesercereeectetrrces

XI. Descriptions of new Species belonging to the Homopterous
Family Cicadide. By W. L. DISTANT ..... ++ ++ ee eer rere 76

XII. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By G.
[UTS are a A ts a 2) (0 0100) RRS ca a aa 81

ir CONTENTS.

Page
NOT Seme new Foe fem Asis and Afmiea By Onprisip
I oo cea cn ech cada eke canes ++ Wks bone eae s&s

XT. nn ee ea = i OS Ee
Benash Maseum, with ee pew Speces By Guorreer
arpa, MA.

SO en i oat ee 6 NS 110

XVIL The Clesticstio of the Pacad Fishes By C. Tare
on ee ee Cee ere SS lil
Procesdimes of the Geolemiecal Sorety .........-...-.....- 146-152

No. XXXV-. By Pri Minne, MD_LLD_ PES. oe ie: 153

XIX Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide, with
—— of mew Species » On 6 ieee

iii teeta et ee ee ee a

XXL Observstions @ the Coloration of Echiwxs engulorus, A
Aces= 5, J. Srcarr Teowsos. PLD_ELS FRESE eter
im Vertebrate Zoology. Vietoria University of Manchester ....._.. 199

XI New and Incie-kmows Diptera Nematocers fram Ceylon
iy © Wi. Meeks =... eee iss

AX On new Meremsls obtained by the Utakwa Expedition to
Dac New Game. By Taomas

XXIV. Some mew Species of Uromys. By Otorretp Tzowas.. 212
XXV. Farther Notes om the Skull, Bram, and Orzams of Special

XVI Note om Myrine copemss. By C Tare Becas, MA 299

EXVIE A “sitar eabarcmemengeEE Sy > Tk 5o~
By W. T. Carwas, DSe

= _ XSVIEL Deserptioms of mew Species of Molina By G. B.
Sevazer,F LS (Pis& IL)

Proceedims: of the Geological Society ............ est

CONTENTS. Vv

NUMBER 69,
Page
XXIX. A Report on the Extra-Antarctic Amphipoda Hyperiidea
collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ By Dororuy A. Srewart, B.Sc.,
Platt Zoological Research Scholar, the University of Manchester.
GE tates Pave gn ie Serr Aas, dacs ietaaldate <iaac'40 os vcs maaan oan 245

XXX. Note on the Crop in the Mallophaga and on the Arrange-
ment and Systematic Value of the Crop-Teeth. By Brucr F,
PU RRORIOEE SRE ee iLls wiefuigiel on) oidlcjosele eunjove es eo fic A ieBfvw ofa oll ole: he lore 266

XXXI. A new Genus of Glossophagine Bat from Colombia. By

MPI IPR HCE TC OMUAD ei: E.6 titi siehd vie aah ajeceisuaieie'+ sbinihe.a bis) susfo oho» Anis b's 270
XXXII. Ephemeride from Tropical Africa. By the Rev. A. E.
Span Cyne Wie ee SE ener sm iS cia o aisle thas ain’ s = etal's isle als view’ oie. heieimni 271
XXXIII. Fishes from Peru, collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes. By
RIES EEC GUN MIEN lara coke) s Oxi qish ye orelc a ae. 9: Faia. alae wets aye si tyes es 278
XXXIV. Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru, collected by
Map Wowusey, by Clare REGAN, MA, oo. 8. cock ee cw nee ee 281
XXXV, Contributions to a Knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota.
Sele E) ES BANU E Ges ariepete chu Pl asarche olelsiniaca 21,4 /-lep-Yeisae>le 9 a4 «010 p:° 283
XXXVI. On a Kangaroo and a new Palm-Civet in the British
Mirmmenrive | Dye PNGE CIWAEZ! «ols da ose sy cnc e sn s0 ee nee ns 288

XXXVII. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—I. By
Ricuarp 8. BaGnatt, F.L.S., F.E.S. (Hope Department of Zoology,
Ranversiby Moser ORfOTAN NG cos clsindcciictcw sss cece ec cemsenac’ 290

XXXVIII. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Sub-
family Pyraustine. By Sir GroreGE F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &c. 299

Bculsp emote tyes nike. Uy tectiotet nad cena ce pul eelc ce awe axes 319

NUMBER 70.

XXXIX. Descriptions of new Species of Staphylinide from the
West Indies. By Matcoim Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.—Part I. 321

XL. On new Species of Misteride and Notices of others, with
Descriptions of new Species of Miponius. By G. Lewis, F.L.S.

late VEIT)... nsc.<5 He Bic nt LG pty SO okt POO US SORE Tenor 361
XLI. The Geographical Races of the Woolly Opossum (Philander
Reger ee SyROIE DRUG DP HOM AR: fc. a ipc se fs x, «Jains. 9 #\e sine ep © >.0.8 358

XLII. Three new Voles from the [nner Hebrides, Scotland. By
G. E. H. Barrerr-Hamitton and Martin A.C. HINTON ....., 361

vi CONTENTS.

Page
XLII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LIV. By T, D. A.
CockERELL, University of Colorado ......e..eeee cece ene eeees 368

XLIV. Thawnastotherium osborni, anew Genus of Perissodactyles
from the Upper Oligocene Deposits of the Bugti Hilis of Baluchistan.
—Preliminary Notice. By C. ForsrEr-Coopsr, M.A., University
Demonstrator in Comparative Morphology, Cambridge .......... 576

XLV. Notes on Actinostola callosa (Verrill) =Dysactis crassi-
cornis (Hertwig). By OLwen M. Ress, B.Sc.,U.C.W. Aberystwyth. 382

XLVI. A new Species of Dwarf Potto. By Ovpririp Tuomas . 387

XLVII. British Fossil Crinoids.—IX. Cydonocrinus parvulus,
n, g. et sp., Yoredale Beds, Yorkshire. By F. A. Baruer, F.R.S. . 588

XLVIIL. Notes on the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan and
Descriptions of a few new Species. By G. J. ARROW,.........+: 5o4

NUMBER 71.

XLIX. On a small Collection of Marine Shells from Henderson
Island. “By EA.-Seire, 15:0. .(Plate LX.)\2 jacive de eames 409

L. Some Notes on the Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostet,
Pagenstecher. By Ropert Gurney, M.A. (Plates XXIII.) .. 415

LI, Synopsis of the Melolonthid Genus Anecistrosoma, with
Descriptions of new Species and an allied new Genus. By G. J.
PATRIRO Wer & icuert dete Giclee Gases ele phe ern 619-9. 0's a.8 of eh¥ ia nib is 861s lade cet 425

LII. New Minute Terrestrial and Aquatic Mollusca from the
Dutch East Indian Island of Beilan-Beilan, with Descriptions of
Four new Genera and Subgenera. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8, .... 452

LIII. A new Variety of Polydesmus coriaceus, Porat, and Note on
a Centipede Monstrosity. By C. M. Srvpre, B.Sc........... se.» 439

LIV. Some hitherto-undescribed Ipide and Platypodide from
India and Burma. By Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson, F.E.S. ........ 443

LV. Note on the Voles of the orcadensts Group. By Martin
PSG MELLIN GROIN Ee bore Ske i Let ice lores usin e lef atete cits fete ate) « ny lee 452

LVI, The Fishes of the San Juan River, Colombia. By C. Tarr
REGAN, IMA. ciccas cee kien Sha His RAT 4 ye SS Sib Se melts eee 462

LVII. On the Shells known as Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia.
By A. J. JuKES-BROWNE, B.A., FBS. 0... cece eee eee a edie 473

LVIII. Rhynchotragus damarensis variant, subsp. nu. By R. E.
DRAKH=BROCKMAN, MARC .S., 1 C.P., EZ. «ss +. «aeeeeeeee 481

CONTENTS. vil

Page
LIX. Descriptions of Five new Cichlid Fishes from Africa. By

Cee EOULENGHR, PLES ven erssc sa eet erst ce nnens 482

LX. Undescribed Species of Cicadide. By W. L. Distant .... 485

LXI. Four new Species of Apide (Hymenoptera), with Notes on
other Species. By Grorrrry MrapE-WALDO, M.A.........-++-. 491

LXII. Diptera from the Falkland Islands, with Descriptions of a
new Genus and Two new Species. Ey Ernest KE. AUSTEN ...... 498

Correction of Generic Name, by C. Forster-Cooper, M.A., Univer-

sity Demonstrator in Comparative Morphology, Cambridge... . 504
NUMBER 72.
LXIII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LY. By T. D. A.
Cocwmpnns, Wniversity Of Colorado) ic. bei. cece lke ies oe es 505
LXIV. New Anthracotheres and allied Forms from Baluchistan.
—Preliminary Notice. By C. Forsrer-Cooprr, M.A., University
Demonstrator in Comparative Morphology, Cambridge .......... 514
LXV. Characters of new Genera and Species of Terrestrial
Mollusca from Norfolk Island. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. ...... 522
LXVJ. Five new Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia, collected by
W. Riickbeil. By the Hon. N. Cuartes Rotuscurip, M.A.
WED aR MAVEN aM stare) «- erat: heatasi@ianarere ta eS Riaatdys Meche « oan was 538
LXVII. Notes on the South-American Freshwater Flying-fish,
Gastropelecus, and the common Flying-fish, Evocetus. By W.G.
ESTER IE NO Pyeaes (taba Me )\i0 7 55,5 <i ataley dns. cinhal gia aberhl'a ici oe lave vara he. «ak 544
LXVIII. Phallostethus dunckeri, a remarkable new Cyprinodont
isn tremysouore,” By’ Cy Tarn REGAN, MAS ewes See dee tcle ss 548
LXIX. Description of a new Loricariid Fish of the Genus Pleco-
stomus from Rio Janeiro. By C. Tarr Reean, M.A............. 595

LXX. Onsome recently received Rhynchota. By W.L. Distant. 556

LXXI. Descriptions of new Lizards in the Collection of the
Britis Nusewoa by G: A. BouLENGER, FURS... 0.066.008 lek. 563

LXXII. Description of a new Cyprinodont Fish from the Sobat
een ee Enya ho es OULENG Hiss okt oee viv siviets Statice sose's's o0'e 5 ois 566

LXXIII. New Mammals:from South America. By OLpFreLp
THOMAS 567

LXXIV. Descriptions of some new Forms of Antelope, with
Notes. By the Hon. Waiter Roruscui.p, F.R.S., Ph.D. ...... 574

viil CONTENTS.

Page
LXXV. A Synopsis of the Genus Tizamus. By Lorp Bra-
BOURNE, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., and Coares Cuuss, F.Z.S., M.B.0.U. 577

LXXVI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Noctuide.

By Sir Grorer F.HaAmeson, Bart. F.ZS. .......00 cbeeecceon 580
Proceedings of the Geological Society ............cceeeees 601, 602
Index” <a oawcenee Boaters itis ite,2t) abla lahelm syathie| oie telie ol singe nys aiaiiensunieat ea 603

PLATES IN VOL. XIL

PuaTE I, Clementia obliqua and C. vatheleti.
II. New species of Pheidoliphila, Chlamydopsis, and

Aristomorphus.
III. New species of Mollusca.
IV. Vibilia serrata.
WV:

VI. Vibilia hodgsoni.
VII. Hemiscelus diplochelatus,
VIII. New species of Cylistix, Onthophilus, and Niponius.
IX. New species of Engina, Tritonidea, and Calliostoma.

Thersitina gasterostei.

; Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia.

XVI. Gastropelecus stellatus.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES. ]

SO jaatcuseeae cesta per litora spargite muscum,
Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes:
Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:
Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.
At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas;
Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco
Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas
Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia suceo.”’

N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Eel. 1.

No. 67. JULY 1913.

I. — Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Sub-
family Pyraustine. By Sir Grorce F. Hampson, Bart.,
F.Z:8., &e.

[Continued from vol, xi. p. 580. ]

(4) Eeeristis argyresthalis, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white. Fore
wing brownish white, the costal edge golden brown to beyond
middle ; a slight subbasal silvery line ; an indistinct yellowish
antemedial band, edged by waved silvery lines; a round
yellowish spot in middle of cell defined by silver, and a similar
discoidal spot constricted at middle ; a postmedial yellowish
and silvery band defined on each side by fine brown lines,
slightly incurved below costa and oblique below vein 4, with
some small brown and silvery somewhat dentate marks
beyond it towards apex ; a fine dark terminal line with two
points at middle; cilia whitish, with a fine brown line
through them. Hind wing ochreous white tinged with
brown towards termen ; cilia white.

Hab. N, Avstraura, Port Darwin (Buckland), 1 ¢ type,
Exp. 16 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist, Ser. 8. Vol, xii. l

bo

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(5) Criophthona aridalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with brown; palpi
rufous, white below ; abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing
ochreous white irrorated with dark brown and tinged with
rufous towards costa, the costal edge white; a faint dark
discoidal spot ; postmedial line dark, rather diffused, ex-
curved from costa to vein 8, then retracted to below angle of
cell; cilia white, with dark lines near base and at tips.
Hind wing white; the underside with the costal area irro-
rated with brown, a slight dark spot at upper angle of cell
and punctiform postmedial line from costa to vein 3.

Hab. Carx Corony, Zuurberg (Bairstow),1 2 type. Exp.
20 mm.

(7a) Metasia arida, sp. 0.

Frons slightly produced,

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white tinged with brown.
Fore wing grey-white tinged with brown; an indistinct
eurved antemedial brown line; postmedial line brown,
slightly sinuous towards costa, excurved from discal fold to
below vein 3, then bent inwards to below angle of cell, and
slightly sinuous to inner margin; a terminal series of dark
points. Hind wing grey-white tinged with brown ; post-
medial line slight, brown, excurved from discal fold to
below vein 8, then obsolete; a terminal series of dark
points.

Hab. Sierra Leone (Clements),1 9; N. Nicrria, Borgu,
Yelwa Lake (Migeod), 1 2 type. Hap. 14 mm.

(7 6) Metasia eremialis, sp. n.

Frons produced to a long process rounded at extremity.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with some
brown; palpi and frontal process at sides dark brown.
Fore wing white sparsely irrorated with brown, the costal
area tinged with red-brown ; an indistinct obliquely curved
antemedial brown line ; a brown annulus in middle of cell
and elliptical discoidal annulus ; postmedial line brown,
straight from costa to vein 2, then retracted to below angle
of cell and again excurved ; a fine brown terminal line and
a line through the cilia. Hind wing white slightly irrorated
with brown; postmedial line slight, brown, oblique and
slightly sinuous to vein 2, then retracted to below angle of
cell and excurved to inner margin; a fine brown terminal
line and a line near tips of cilia.

Species of Pyralidee. 3

Hab. Transvaau, Johannesburg (Cooke), 1 g type. Exp.
22 mm.

(7c) Metasia perirrorata, sp. n.

Frons produced to a moderate rounded process.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with
brown; sides of palpi and frons blackish; fore tibiz at
extremity and tarsi banded with blackish. Fore wing grey
thickly irrorated with brown; a dark spot at base of costa;
a dark antemedial line from cell to inner margin; two
blackish discoidal striz, and a patch of dark suffusion beyond
lower angle of cell; postmedial line diffused, dark brown,
excurved to near termen between veins 5 and 2 with some
dark suffusion on its outer side below costa ; cilia with a
series of small dark spots. Hind wing grey, thickly irrorated
and suffused with brown.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Yorubaland, Ogbomoso (Carter), 1 3
type. Hap. 14mm.

(10 c) Metasia tumidalis, sp. n.

Abdomen of male dilated at extremity with large pro-
trusible genital tufts,

Ochreous tinged with pale red-brown; head and front
of thorax suffused with fuscous; fore tibise: banded with
black ; abdomen with dorsal black spots on last two segments.
Fore wing with the costal area suffused with fuscous to
beyond middle ; an antemedial black line very oblique from
costa to below median nervure and angled inwards on vein 1;
a small annulus in middle of cell aud discoidal lunulate
annulus ; the postmedial line angled outwards below costa,
inwards in discal fold, at vein 2 retracted to below end of
cell, then somewhat excurved again; the terminal area
suffused with fuscous; cilia ochreous with a black line
through them and their tips fuscous. Hind wing with
minutely waved black line from discocellulars to inner
margin above tornus ; the postmedial line angled outwards
at vein 5 and ending on termen_at vein 2; the apical area
suffused with fuscous down to vein 2; a wayed black ter-
minal line and a line through the cilia,

Hab. N. Gurnea, Milne B., 2 3 type, Mailu; Fereusson ee
1 ¢; Ron 1; Gooprnovcn I.; Wooptark; QUEENSLAND,
Cedar B. (Meek),1 9. Exp. 22 mm,

(12a) Metasia sinuifera, sp. n,
Frons produced to a moderate rounded process,

¢. Head and thorax grey-white irrorated with fuscous ;
1#

4 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

palpi and frons black ; antennz ringed with blackish; fore
and mid legs blackish above, the tarsi ringed with blackish ;
abdomen grey-white tinged with brown. Fore wing grey-
white thickly irrorated with fuscous ; some blackish at base
of costa; antemedial line blackish, angled outwards below
costa, then oblique; a small oblique elliptical blackish
discoidal annulus ; postmedial line black, incurved at discal
fold, obliquely excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below
angle of cell, and erect to inner margin ; a fine black ter-
minal line and lines near base and tips of cilia. Hind wing
grey-white thickly irrorated with fuscous ; a rather diffused
oblique black antemedial line; postmedial line black,
obliquely excurved from discal fold to vein 2 where it is
retracted, then obsolete ; a fine black terminal line and lines
near base and tips of cilia.

Hab. TransvaaL, White R. (Cooke), 2 g type. Ezxp.
20 mm.

_ (16a) Metasia punctimarginalis, sp. u.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish irrorated with
brown; palpi blackish, white below; fore tibiz and tarsi
tinged with fuscous. Fore wing whitish tinged with brown
and irrorated with fuscous, the basal half of costa fuscous,
the terminal half with black striz ; an indistinct slightly
waved antemedial line ; a fuscous spot in middle of cell and
another rather further from base in submedian fold ; an
oblique white discoidal lunule defined at sides by black ;
postmedial line excurved below costa, slightly incurved at
discal fold, excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below angle
of cell and again slightly excurved; a brown terminal line
with series of black points on it; cilia brownish white with
fuseous line near base. Hind wing whitish tinged with
brown and irrorated with fuscous; a black discoidal spot ;
postmedial line excurved between veins 5 and 2, then re-
tracted to below angle of cell; a brownish terminal line
with series of black points on it ; cilia brownish white with
fuscous line near base. ;

Hab, Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace), 1 g type. Eup.
14 mm.

(246) Metasia bilunalis, sp, n.

&. Head, tegule, and patagia ochreous; palpi at sides
and vertex of thorax dark brown ; pectus, legs, and abdomen
ochreous. Fore wing ochreous slightly tinged with reddish

Species of Pyralide. 5

brown in parts ; an oblique blackish suhbasal bar from sub-
median fold to inner margin; a brown lunule defined by
black in cell towards extremity confluent with a fascia below
the cell angled inwards to near the subbasal bar ; an ochreous
discoidal lunule defined by black except above, with two short
obliquely placed black streaks below it ; a diffused brownish
subterminal band, oblique towards costa, then with slight
dentate black marks on it to above inner margin ; a terminal
series of small dentate black marks; cilia with a fine dark
line near base. Hind wing uniform ochreous white ; cilia
whitish with a slight brown “line near base.

Palpi projecting about three times length of head ; fore
wing very long and narrow.

Hab. Vicroria, 1 g type. Exp. 22 mm,

Genus GONOPIONEA, noy.
Type, G. albilunalis.

Palpi porrect, projecting about the length of head, tri-
angularly scaled, the third joint hidden in hair; maxillary
palpi dilated with scales ; frons rounded ; antennz laminate
in both sexes, strongly so in male; hind tibize with the
outer medial spur about half length of inner. Fore wing
with the termen strongly excurved at middle, excised below
apex and towards tornus ; vein 3 from before angle of cell;
4,5 stalked; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle,
straight and well separated from 8, 9; 10, 11 stalked.
Hind wing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked;
6, 7 from upper angle, 7 strongly anastomosing with 8.

(1) Gonopionea sanguiflualis, sp. n.

6. Head white ; palpi except below and antennz chestnut ;
thorax pale crimson; abdomen chestnut ; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing pale crimson ;
the costa brown to beyond middle ; a slightly sinuous deep
crimson antemedial line; a quadrate hyaline spot in end of
cell, with some dark suffusion between it and the rounded
hyaline spot beyond the cell which is bounded by the dark
postmedial line, obliquely sinuous from it to inner margin ;
a terminal brown line; the cilia yellow, brown at middle.
Hind wing yellowish white ; the termen brown from apex to
vein 2, towards which it expands into a patch.

Hab. Jamaica, Moneague (Walsingham), 1 3 type, New-
castle. Hap. 12 mm,

Lop)

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(2) Gonopionea purpurealis, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax purplish pink; palpi whitish at
base ; antenne with the shaft whitish above; pectus and
legs white, the fore tibiz and tarsi tinged with pink on inner
side; abdomen purplish pink, the ventral surface white.
Fore wing purphsh pink ; an oblique triangular yellow
patch from middle of costa to just beyond the cell with
whitish lunule on its lower part, the costa beyond it brown,
yellow before apex ; cilia yellow, dark brown at apex and
middle. Hind wing white; the termen suffused with
purplish pink, running inwards at vein 2 half way to cell;
cilia white.

Hab, W. Cotomsia, 8. Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 22 mm.

(3) Gonopionea albilunalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale reddish brown; frons
whitish ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white ;
fore tarsi with the termimal joint black. Fore wing pale
reddish brown with a purple gloss; a waved black ante-
medial line from cell to inner margin; a white diseoidal
Junule, defined by black except above where it is conjoimed
to a whitish patch on costa, an oblique waved black line
from its lower extremity to inner margin strongly angled
inwards on vein 2; cilia white except at middle. Hind
wing whitish, the terminal area broadly suffused with brown
from costa to vem 2 with fuscous postmedial bar on its
inner edge between veins 6 and 5; underside white with
fuscous discoidal point and postmedial bar.

Hab. Fr. Guiana, St. Jean Maroni (Schaus), 1 ¢% type,
type g in Coll. Schaus. Hap., g 22, 2 26mm.

(1 a) Pionea pectinalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with rather long branches ;
mid tibize not dilated ; hind tibize with the inner medial spur
minute.

go. Head and thorax cupreous yellow suffused with
brown; pectus with three pairs of lateral brown spats;
abdomen yellowish white with dorsal series of brown patches
and lateral and ventral spots on basal segments. Fore wing
cupreous yellow irrorated with brown, the base of costal
area suffused with brown ; an eblique diffused waved sub- ~
basal line from costa to vein 1 ; a diffused waved antemedial
line from subcostal nervure to inner margin ; a round white

Species of Pyralide. 7

spot’ defined by black in upper angle of cell ; an oblique ~
postmedial bar from below costa to vein 9, with a rather
triangular whitish spot beyond it followed by a diffused
lunulate black-brown patch with spot on costa above it and
very oblique dentate line from it to immer margin ; some
black points on costa towards apex and a terminal series.
Hind wing white slightly tinged with yellowish towards
termen on which there is a series of black points from apex
to vein 2 where there is a larger spot; the underside with
black spots in and beyond upper angle of cell and a post-
medial series slightly excurved below costa and strongly
below vein 5.

Hab. Cotomsta, Sierra del Libane, 6000! (H. H. Smith),
1 g type. Eap. 28 mm.

(1b) Pionea albiflua, sp. n.

3. Head and tegule purplish red ; frons black-brown ;
a whitish streak on vertex of head ; thorax brownish white
with black fasciz on shoulders and outer edge of patagia ;
pectus whitish and brown ; legs purplish red with whitish
streaks, the tarsi ringed with whitish ; abdomen whitish
tinged with brown, the ventral surface purplish red. Fore
wing with the costal and terminal areas purplish red; the
rest of basal area brown with a whitish patch at base of
inner margin ; the medial area obliquely whitish except to-
wards costa ; an elongate black annulus with brownish centre
in middle of cell conjoined to the dark basal area, and a
whitish discoidal lunule open below; postmedial line
blackish, arising below costa, incurved and with black
patch beyond it to vein 4 where it is angled outwards, then
again incurved ; the terminal area tinged with brown to-
wards apex ; aseries of small black spots on costa towards
apex and on termen which is whitish. Hind wing white,
the terminal area suffused with brown except towards
tornus ; a series of small black spots on termen from apex
to vein 2 ; cilia whitish ; the underside with the costal area
and terminal area to vein 2 suffused with purplish red, black
lunules before and beyond the discocellulars, a curved post-
medial series of small black spots.

Hab. W. Cotompia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 3 type.
Exp. 30 mm. .

(le) Pionea distictalis, sp. 0.

Antenne of male bipectinate with short branches ; mid
tibie not dilated ; hind tibiz with the spurs well developed.

8 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

3. Wead and thorax brown with a cupreous gloss ; palpi
at base, pectus,.and legs whitish, the fore tibiz fuscous ;
abdomen whitish tinged with brown. Fore wing brown
with a cupreous gloss; a rather diffused and slightly sinuous
dark antemedial line from cell to inner margin; a rounded
ochreous-white spot in upper angle of cell; an oblique
sinuous rather diffused dark postmedial line from vein 3 to
inner margin ; a conical ochreous-white postmedial patch
from costa to vein 5, somewhat constricted at middle and
defined by fuscous ; cilia pale brown. Hind wing whitish
tinged with brown especially on apical part of termen; the
underside with slight dark point at upper angle of cell,
a slight postmedial line from costa to vein 5, where there
is a dark spot and another at middle of submedian fold.

Hab. Coromsia, Sierra del Libane, 6000! (H. H. Smith),
1g type. Hap.25 mm,

(le) Pionea albiluna, sp. n.

Antenne of male with the shaft laminate and with ridges
of scales above.

6. Head and thorax reddish brown; palpi black, white
below at base; pectus and legs creamy white, the fore tibiz
with blackish band at extremity ; abdomen whitish, dorsally
sufiused with brown. Fore wing dull brown; an indistinct
dark antemedial line, oblique from costa to submedian fold ;
an oblique white discoidal lunule defined by blackish except
above, where it is confluent with a yellow spot on costa; an
indistinct dark line from lower angle of cell to inner margin,
bent inwards to submedian fold, then slightly excurved.
Hind wing white faintly tinged with brown, the terminal
area suffused with brown; the underside with the costal
area suffused with brown, a black discoidal spot, a slight
brown postmedial line, angled inwards and with brown spot
on it at discal fold, then oblique to submedian fold where it
terminates.

Hab. W. Cotompra, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.
Exp, 22 mm.

(1f) Pionea dichorda, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax whitish suffused with rufous ; palpi
rufous, the third joint with black ring at base; sides of
frons blackish ; fore tibiz blackish above; abdomen whitish
tinged with rufous. Fore wing whitish tinged with rufous,
the costal area suffused with purplish red ; a small blackish
spot in cell before the strong black antemedial line which is

Species of Pyvalide. 9

bent inwards to costa; a blackish discoidal bar; a strong
oblique black postmedial line; the costa towards apex and
termen with series of small black spots. Hind wing white
faintly tinged with rufous ; a terminal series of small black
spots from apex to vein 2; the underside with small black
spots in middle of cell and on disecocellulars, an oblique
maculate postmedial line from costa to submedian fold.

Hab. W. Cotompia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 16 mm.

(2a) Pionea nephelistalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax yellow tinged with brown ; pectus
and legs whitish; abdomen yellow dorsally suffused with
brown. Fore wing pale yellow, the medial area suffused
with brown except towards costa; an inwardly oblique
diffused black antemedial line from cell to inner margin ;
a black point in middle of cell and slight discoidal lunule ;
postmedial line formed of small wedge-shaped black marks
not extending to costa, excurved to vein 4, then very oblique,
with a diffused dark maculate band beyond it from below
costa to vein 3 and a patch above inner margin. Hind wing
pale yellow suffused with brown to beyond postmedial line
except on costal area which is whitish, the postmedial line
indistinct, pale, curved, defined on inner side by deeper
brown and witha diffused band beyond it ; the underside
pale yellowish with diffused curved brown postmedial line.

Hab. C. Cutna, Ichang ((rs. Prati), 1 9 type. Exp.
26 mm.

(10 a) Pionea fovifera, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with large fovea below base of cell
on upperside; hind wing with the costa strongly lobed at
base.

¢. Head and thorax white suffused with reddish brown ;
pectus, legs, and abdomen white. Fore wing white suffused
with reddish brown ; a slight dentate excurved blackish
antemedial line from below costa to beyond the fovea ;
a slight blackish discoidal lunule; postmedial line very
indistinct, blackish, minutely dentate, excurved from costa
to vein 4, then oblique ; a terminal series of black points.
Hind wing white faintly tinged with brown.

Hab. Cua, Sautiago (Schaus), 1 g type. Exp. 14 mm.

(34a) Pionea nomophilodes, sp. n.
Palpi about three times length of head,

10 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Head and thorax pale red-brown; palpi white below ;
legs pale red-brown $ pectus and abdomen brownish white.
Fore wing white tinged with pale red-brown, especially on
costal area; a minute black point in middle of cell and dis-
coidal point just above lower angle of cell ; a terminal series
of minute black points. Hind wing white faintly tinged
with red-brown; a terminal series of minute black points.

Hab. Cuit1, Mulchen (Hiwes), 1 3, 1 2 type. Lap.
22 mm.

(34c) Pionea melanephra, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous; palpi black
below ; antennze brownish; fore tibie with black band
at extremity, the tarsi banded with blackish. Fore wing
ochreous, irrorated with a few blackish scales; an indistinct
sinuous dark antemedial line; a faint brown annulus in
middle of cell and prominent black discoidal lunule with
slight brown striga in centre, a black point above it on
costa ; postmedial line with black spot at costa, then slight
and with series of black points on it, inmcurved and with
small black spot at discal fold, below vein 4 bent inwards to
below end of cell, then again excurved ; the terminal area,
suffused with rufous; a series of black points on costa to-
wards apex and on termen. Hind wing creamy white, the
terminal area tinged with rufous from costa to vein 2; a
small black spot at upper angle of cell and point at lower
angle ; a terminal series of points from apex to vein 2; the
underside with postmedial series of small black spots excurved
between veins 4 and 2.

Hab. W. Cotomsia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 24 mm.

(35 6) Pionea chalcitahs, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax cupreous yellow almost entirely
suffused with black; palpi whitish at base; legs yellow
marked with black ; abdomen whitish tinged with cupreous
and dorsally suffused with black forming diffused bands
except at base. Fore wing cupreous yellow suffused with
black except at base of inner margin, on medial costal area,
and terminal area; a triangular yellow antemedial patch
from costa with indistinct diffused black line from it to
inner margin; a small round white spot defined by black in
upper angle of cell connected with the yellow costal area ;
a triangular postmedial yellow patch from costa with three
white points below it, a diffused black patch beyond them

Species of Pyralida. 11

and a diffused incurved dark line from them to inter margin
with yellow marks on inner side above and below vein 2 ;
some small black spots on costa towards apex ; a terminal
series of black points: Hind wing white, the inner area
tinged with brown; the terminal area slightly tinged with
brown from apex to vein 2; a terminal series of black
points ; cilia yellow; the underside with the costal area
irrorated with brown, the terminal area tinged with brown,
black spots m and beyond end of cell, and a maculate curved
postmedial line.

Hab. Cotomsta, Sierra del Libane, 6000' (H. H. Smith),
1 $ type. Eaxp. 24 mm.

(35 c) Pionea obvialis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some ochreous;
palpi at base, pectus, and legs more ochreous ; abdomen
red-brown with dorsal blackish bands more prominent on
the two basal segments, the ventral surface ochreous suffused
with red-brown and with sublateral series of small black
spots. Fore wing red-brown slightly mixed with ochreous ;
a strong oblique black antemedial lime from cell to inner
margin and a strong black postmedial line very oblique
below vein 4, the area between them yellowish on inner
half; a small hyaline spot in upper part of end of cell
defined by black, and a similar spot above vein 6 before the
postmedial line, with a black line from it to vein 5; the
termen and base of cilia narrowly yellowish with a terminal
series of blackish points. Hind wing yellowish white, the
terminal area suffused with brown except towards tornus ;
the underside with the costal area suffused with red-brown,
small black spots in and beyond upper angle of cell and a
slight postmedial line somewhat excurved at vein 5 and with
small blackish spot at discal fold.

Hab. Purv, Cerro del Pasco, Huancabamba, 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 20 mm.

(86a) Pionea enealis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax brassy yellow suffused with fuscous
brown; palpi black, white below; pectus and legs whitish
marked with fuscous ; abdomen white with dorsal series of
blackish bands and ventral series of small black spots. Fore
wing brassy yellow irrorated with brown; a black ante-
medial line curved inwards to costa with an oblique whitish
bar on its outer edge in cell ; a white discoidal bar defined
by black at sides and constricted at middle; a black post-
medial line with whitish band on inner side from costa to

12 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

vein 5, defined on inner side by a fine black line except at
costa, the postmedial line strong, diffused and obliquely in-
curved below vein 5 ; a terminal series of prominent black
points. Hind wing white with terminal series of small
black spots ; the underside with the costal and apical part
of terminal area tinged with brown, black spots in and
beyond end of cell, a curved postmedial series of small black
spots.

baa: Cotomsta, Sierra del Libane, 6000’ (H. H. Smith),
1 gtype. Hap. 24 mm.

(37 a) Pionea luniferalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown with an neous
gloss; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and abdomen white, the
fore tibie banded with brown. Fore wing brown with an
zeneous gloss ; an indistinct, oblique, rather diffused, fuscous
antemedial line; a rather lunulate postmedial yellow patch
from costa to vein 5 with the indistinct diffused postmedial
line on its outer edge, strongly incurved below vein 5;
apical part of costa yellowish with slight brown spots ;
apical half of cilia yellow with small brown spots at base.
Hind wing pale brown with an eneous gloss; cilia yellow
with a brown line at base; the underside white tinged with
brown especially on terminal area, a slight spot at upper
augle of cell and curved postmedial line.

Hab. Braz, Organ Mts., Tijuca (Wagner), 1 ¢ type.
Eup. 24 mm.

(38 a) Pionea ochropera, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous and
mixed with dark brown; pectus whitish ; fore tibize with
black band near extremity ; abdomen white dorsally suffused
with dark brown leaving white segmental lines. Fore wing
ochreous irrorated with dark brown and suffused with
purplish fuscous except on costal area and inner margin, the
apical area ochreous, with a dark streak below vein 8 ;
antemedial line blackish, angled outwards below costa and
bent outwards to inner margin; a black annulus in middle
of cell and narrow elliptical discoidal annulus defined by
black ; postmedial line blackish slightly defined on outer
side by ochreous, obliquely downcurved to vein 6, excurved
and slightly waved to vein 2, then bent inwards to below
end of cell and again excurved; some small black spots on
costa towards apex; a blackish terminal line with ochreous
points at the veins. Hind wing semihyaline white; black

Species of Pyralide. 13

points at angles of cell; the apical area and termen to vein 2
suffused with brown; the termen with blackish points to
submedian fold; cilia white with a dark line near base ;
the underside with the costal area slightly irrorated with
blackish, small black spots in end of cell and on discocellulars
and a point at lower angle, three postmedial black points
from costa to discal fold, then traces of a curved punctiform
lie to submedian fold where there is a black point, a ter-
minal series of black points.

Hab. Cotomsia, Sierra del Labano (H. A. Smith), 1 3
type. Exp. 26 mm.

(386) Pionea nigribasalis, sp. n.

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown strongly suffused
with black ; antenne ringed black and white; pectus and
legs paler, the tibiz-and tarsi banded with black. Fore
wing greyish, the basal area strongly suffused with black,
the rest of wing with red-brown; the basal area bounded by
a slight pale somewhat incurved antemedial line strongly
defined by black on outer side ; a pale discoidal spot defined
by brown, rounded above and acuminate below with a semi-
circular black mark above it on costa; postmedial line black,
dilated into a spot on costa, oblique to vein 6, then inwardly
oblique and waved, at vein 3 retracted to below angle of cell,
then again excurved, some deep brown suffusion beyond it
on costal area and from middle to inner margin; a sub-
terminal black spot above middle ; some black points on
costa towards apex and a terminal series with blackish spot
at apex ; cilia black with greyish tips. Hind wing greyish
suffused with fuscous brown, the apical part of terminal area
darker ; an indistinct curved postmedial line ; cilia brown
at base, greyish at tips ; the underside greyish irrorated with
brown, a slight black streak in cell near base and discoidal
spot, a sinuous postmedial line defined by a whitish band on
outer side, the terminal area fuscous.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Kikuyu, Roromo (Crawshay), 1 ¢
type. Exp. 18 mm.

(38 6) Pionea muscosalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax sap-green mixed with some whitish and
black scales; palpi whitish below and with black spot on
second joint; antennz brownish white ringed with black;
pectus and legs brownish white, the tarsi ringed with
fuscous ; abdomen ochreous brown with slight whitish seg-
mental rings. Fore wing sap-green slightly irrorated with

14 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

black, some deep rufous and blackish suffusion below and
beyond end of cell, and at base of inner margin; a diffused
blackish subbasal line; antemedial line black, oblique,
slightly sinuous ; the terminal half of eosta with black striz
with pale brown between them; postmedial line white,
defined on inner and outer sides by series of black points,
slightly excurved below costa and at middle; a terminal
white line with series of black points on it and black spot on
its inner edge at discal fold; cilia pale brown mixed with
fuscous and with whitish tips. Hind wing fuscous brown,
the cilia greyish with dark line near base; the underside
whitish tinged with brown, small black spots at angles of
cell, postmedial spots on costa and in discal fold and a
terminal series of strize.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the antemedial line defined by
white on inner side except at costa, and with large patch
beyond it below the cell.

Hab. Transvaar, Lekkerwater Kloof (Janse), 3 ¢,1 9
type. Exp. 20 mm.

(50 a) Pionea squamosa, sp. ui.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with pale
brown. Fore wing white tinged with pale grey-brown and
irrorated with large white black-tipped scales forming
obscure bars on and heyond the discocellulars ; an indistinct
waved dark antemedial line; small white and dark spots on
costa just before and beyond end of cell; postmedial line
dark, defined on outer side by white towards costa, minutely
dentate, oblique from costa to discal fold, then inwardly
oblique; a fine blackish terminal line; cilia with a fine
white line near tips. Hind wing white tinged with brown ;
a punctiform black terminal line from apex to vein 2; the
underside white, the costal area and submedian fold irrorated
with brown, a dark postmedial shade from costa to vein 5,

Hab. Care Couony, Deelfontein (Sloggett), 1 2 type,
Exp. 16 mm,

(50 6) Pionea epiphenicealis, sp, n.

go. Head and thorax red-brown ; palpi below, pectus, and
legs white ; abdomen grey-brown with slight pale segmental
lines. Fore wing brown shot with purple and with slight
dark irroration; traces of a dark antemedial line slightly
angled outwards at median nervure ; an indistinct dark spot
in middle of cell and diseoidal lunule; traces of a medial
line, oblique towards costa and excurved beyond lower angle

Species of Pyralide. 15

of cell between vein 5 and submedian fold; postmedial line
dark slightly defined by ochreous on outer side, minutely
dentate, oblique towards costa, excurved between veins 6
and 3, then somewhat retracted ; a terminal series of black
points; cilia ochreous. Hind wing cupreous brown with a
slight dark terminal line; cilia yellowish white with a fine
dark line near base ; the underside ochreous white with dark
discoidal lunule, minutely dentate postmedial line excurved
at middle and terminal series of black strive.

Hab, Sierra Leone (Clements), 2 3 type. Exp. 22 mm.

(55 a) Pionea leptidalis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale reddish brown ;
palpi dark brown, white at base; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing pale reddish brown
with slight dark irroration ; antemedial line indistinct,
fuscous, rather diffused, very oblique from costa to median
nervure, then slightly incurved; adark discoidal lunule with
slight pale spot beyond it ; postmedial line indistinct, ex-
curved and slightly waved between veins 6 and 2 where it is
retracted to below angle of cell, then bent outwards again ;
a terminal series of black points. Hind wing white, the
termen tinged with brown and with a series of black points
from apex to submedian fold; the underside with curved
postmedial series of small brown spots from costa to vein 3,

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 g type. Hap.
22 mm.

(56a) Pionea diopsalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale rufous ; palpi white at base; pectus
and legs white slightly tinged with rufous; abdomen white
tinged with rufous towards extremity. Fore wing pale
rufous, the inner area whitish; irrorated with a few black
scales ; antemedial line absent ; orbicular and reniform grey
defined by. fuscous, the former round, the latter irregularly
quadrate ; the terminal half of costa with series of small
dark spots ; postmedial line with series of black points and
traces of a minutely dentate line between them, slightly
excurved from costa to vein 4, then oblique; a terminal
series of prominent black points ; cilia greyish fuscous with
fine dark line near base. Hind wing white, the terminal
area tinged with brown ; a fine sinuous postmedial line from
costa to vein 3; a terminal series of black points; cilia with
a fine dark line near base; the underside irrorated with

16 Sir G. F, Hampson on new

fuscous, a dark spot at upper angle of cell and point at
lower angle, a maculate sinuous postmedial line.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the orbicular and reniform deep
black.

Hab. Cutt, Mulchen (Elwes), 13,292 type. Exp.

24 mm.
(58 a) Fionea hematalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow suffused with fiery
crimson ; palpi brown, white below ; threat white ; fore
tibise brown banded with white, the tarsi white ; mid tibiz
below and tarsi white. Fore wing yellow, the costal area,
base, streaks on the veins, and diffused lines fiery crimson
covering most of wing, the costa tinged with brown; the
diffused antemedial line somewhat oblique and sinuous; a
small brownish spot in middle of cell and discoidal lunule ;
postmedial line minutely dentate, oblique from costa to
vein 5, at vein 2 retracted to lower angle of cell, then some-
what oblique to inner margin; a minutely waved, curved
subterminal line; termen suffused with red; cilia brown.
Hind wing yellow, the veins streaked with fiery red; a
diffused streak on vein 1; diffused spots at origin of vein 2
and lower angle of cell; a minutely waved postmedial line
oblique from costa, at vein 2 retracted to the spot at lower
angle of cell, then oblique to inner margin ; a minutely
waved, curved subterminal line; termen suffused with red ;
cilia brown; the underside yellow with indistinct reddish
postmedial and subterminal lines.

Hab. Br. New Guinea, Mt. Kebea (Pratt), 1 3 type,
Dinawa, 1 ?, Mafalu, 1 2, Ekeikei, 2 9. Kap. 30 mm.

(62a) Pionea xanthographa, sp. un.

?. Head and thorax pale yellow ; palpi and sides of frons
rufous, the former white at base; pectus, tibia, and tarsi
white; abdomen white slightly tinged with ochreous. Fore
wing pale yellow, the costa tinged with rufous to beyond
middle; a nearly straight orange antemedial line ; an orange
discoidal bar ; postmedial line orange, very slightly excurved
from below costa to vein 3, then bent inwards to lower angle
of cell and again slightly excurved; a fine dark terminal
line; cilia white at tips. Hind wing pale yellow; an
oblique orange antemedial line from middle of cell to inner
margin; an oblique orange postmedial line from below costa
to tornus ; the termen whitish defined on inner side by an
orange line; a fine dark terminal line ; cilia orange at base,
whitish at tips ; the underside uniformly whitish.

Hab. S. Nicerta, Lagos (Boag), 1 ¢ type. Hap. 22 mm,

Species of Pyralide. 17

(63 a) *Pionea ignitals, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax deep red-brown ; base of palpi and
antenne, sides of frons, and throat pure white ; tarsi white ;
abdomen paler brown. Fore wing with the basal and costal
areas brown, the rest of wing orange-brown suffused with
brilliant purple-crimson ; a curved yellow band just beyond
middle from below costa to inner margin, dilated at lower
angle of cell, enclosing some crimson spots and edged by
red lines; cilia orange. Hind wing orange with the area
between submedian fold and vein 5 suffused with crimson,
crossed by an oblique yellow postmedial band outwardly
edged with red ; the termen black at apex, purple at middle ;
the tornus truncate.

Hab. Nicer R., Warri (Roth). Ezp.18 mm. Type in
Coll. Rothschild.

(76a) Pionea mesophealis, sp. n.

gd. Head and thorax orange-yellow ; palpi at base, pectus,
legs, and abdomen whitish, the anal tuft yellow. Fore
wing yellow irrorated with fuscous brown, except inner basal
area, the basal costal area and medial area slightly darker ;
a rather diffused straight erect antemedial fuscous line ;
a slight pale spot at lower angle of cell; a strong fuscous
postmedial line, excurved below costa, then curved inwards
to below angle of cell and straight to inner margin; a slight
diffused dark terminal band; cilia pale yellow. Hind wing
white, the terminal area slightly tinged with ochreous ; an
indistinct curved dark postmedial line except towards inner
margin ; the underside with the costal area suffused with
brown.

Hab. Br. BE. Arrica, Kikuyu, Roromo (Crawshay), 1 ¢
type. zp. 30 mm.

(82 a) Pionea ectophealis, sp. un.

@. Pale lemon-yellow ; palpi rufous, white below ; pectus
and legs white ; abdomen white dorsally tinged with yellow.
Fore wing with the costal edge brown ; the termen narrowly
brown, the cilia brown at base, white at tips. Hind wing
with a terminal line and base of cilia brown from apex to
vein 2, the rest of cilia white.

Hab. Ampoina (Doherty), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 22 mm.

(826) Pionea brunneicilalis, sp. n.
3. Fulvous yellow; tibiz and tarsi whitish. Fore wing

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 2

18 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with the costal and terminal areas rather deeper fulvous, the
costal edge brown ; a slightly waved antemedial fulvous line,
oblique from costa to submedian fold; a slight discoidal
lunule; postmedial line minutely waved, excurved from costa
to vein 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and rather
oblique to inner margin; a fine terminal dark line; cilia
brown at base, ochreous white at tips. Hind wing rather
paler except terminal area; faint traces of a postmedial line
between veins 5 and 2; the termen narrowly brown and the
cilia brown at base from apex to vein 2, the rest of cilia
ochreous white. Underside with the costal area of fore
wing and the hind wing whitish.
Hab. Barcuian (Doherty), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mm.

(90 a) Pionea teinopalpia, sp. n.

Palpi about three times length of head.

do. Head and thorax ochreous yellow; palpi and frons at
sides red-brown ; tegule and patagia tinged with rufous on
outer edge; pectus and legs white, the fore legs brown in
front; abdomen white, dorsally suffused with reddish
ochreous. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the costal half of
wing suffused with red-brown, the terminal area with rufous,
the medial inner area irrorated with brown; traces of a very
oblique antemedial brown line from costa to origin of vein 2,
then an inwardly oblique series of three small black spots
between the cell and vein 1 ; a brownish fascia on extremity
of median nervure and vein 4 to the postmedial line, which is
represented by a series of blackish points, excurved below
costa, then oblique and angled inwards on vein 2; cilia
brownish, with a dark line at middle. Hind wing white,
with a faint ochreous tinge, especially on apical area ; the
termen with minute rufous points from apex to vein 2; the
underside with the costal area tinged with ochreous, a curved
brown postmedial line with dark points at the veins from
costa to vein 2,

Hab. Peru, Oconeque (Ockenden), 1 g type. Eup.
34 mm,

(905) Pionea melastictalis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax pale yellow suffused in parts with
red-brown ; palpi red-brown, white at base; pectus and
mid and hind legs white; fore legs brown; abdomen pale
yellow, dorsally slightly tinged with brown, Fore wing pale
yellow, the veins and costal edge streaked with red-brown ;

Species of Pyralide. 19

antemedial line formed of short dark streaks from subcostal
nervure to submedian fold, where it is angled, then oblique
to inner margin; a streak in end of cell ; a discoidal lunule
conjoined by the almost confluent streaks on bases of veins 5
to 3 with the postmedial line, which is formed of short
somewhat dentate black streaks, excurved from costa to
vein 5, then very oblique, and ending in a curved brown
streak below vein 1 to the antemedial line; a highly dentate
brown subterminal line angled inwards at discal and sub-
median folds, at former to the postmedial line, the area beyond
it brown except at apex; cilia brown, with a yellowish line
at base. Hind wing semihyaline white, with curved post-
medial series of slight fuscous spots in the interspaces from
costa to vein 2, the underside with the costal area irrorated
with brown, a dark spot in upper angle of cell, the post-
medial series more prominent, a terminal series of black
points from apex to vein 2.
Hab. Perv, Huancabamba,1 ¢g type. Lp. 32 mm.

(103 a) Pionea subcostalis, sp. u.

g¢. Head and front of thorax cupreous brown, the hinder
part of thorax pale yellow; palpi white at base; antenne
with the shaft white above towards tips; pectus and legs
white ; abdomen cupreous brown, the ventral surface white.
Fore wing pale yellow, with a broad cupreous brown fascia
below costa, which is white, and a cupreous brown subter-
minal shade; a slight brown antemedial line from cell to
inner margin; a brown discoidal spot on the subcostal
fascia ; a slight brown postmedial line, excurved between
veins 5 and 2. Hind wing pale yellow; a small brown
discoidal spot and slight postmedial line excurved between
veins 5 and 2.

Hab. Perv, Pozuzo,1 g type. Hap. 24 mm.

(104c) Pionea erythrialis, sp. u.

gd. Yellow; head and thorax entirely suffused with deep
red-brown; abdomen irrorated with rufous. Fore wing
suffused with red-brown at base, on costal area to the post-
medial line, and beyond the antemedial line, which is oblique
from costa to below the cell and angled inwards on vein | ;
a point in middle of cell and discoidal spot; the postmediai
line very minutely dentate, curved from costa to vein 3, then
inwardly oblique; a diffused subterminal dentate band.

o*
~

20 Sir G, F. Hampson on new

Hind wing clear yellow, with slight fuscous subterminal line
from costa to submedian fold.

9. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing entirely
suffused with dull pink.

Hab. Nicerta, Warri (Roth), Dogo (Simpson), 1 3g type,
Zungeru (Macfie), 1 9 ; Br. C. Arrica, Fort Johnston
(Rendall),1 ¢, Blantyre ; Narat, Durban (Leigh),1 3,19.
Exp., 24, 2? 30 mm.

(114a) Pionea poliochroa, sp. 0.

9. Head and thorax white tinged with pale red-brown ;
abdomen white. Fore wing white tinged and irrorated with
pale red-brown ; antemedial line hardly traceable except as
a dark striga on inner area; traces of a quadrate brown spot
in middle of cell and a rather more distinct elliptical discoidal
spot; postmedial indistinct, dark, excurved from costa to
vein 4, then oblique; traces of a dark subterminal shade ;
some minute dark points on termen except towards tornus.
Hind wing white slightly irrorated with brown ; a dark point
at lower angle of cell; postmedial line slight, dark, minutely
waved, excurved between veins 5 and 2; a series of obscure
dark streaks in the interspaces of terminal area; some minute
black points on apical part of termen.

Hab. Sannwicu Is., Oahu, Waialua (Perkins), 1 9 type.
Exp. 20 mm.

(121 a) Pionea piperitalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax yellow-brown mixed with whitish ;
palpi blackish at tips; abdomen white, the ventral surface
slightly irrorated with fuscous, the anal tuft tinged with
ochreous. Fore wing whitish thickly irrorated with fuscous,
the costal area ochreous to beyond middle; the terminal
area suffused and irrorated with fuscous, the apex and termen
tinged with ochreous; an indistinct, diffused, curved, ante-
medial dark line defined on inner side by a whitish band
except towards costa ; a small quadrate white spot in upper
angle of cell, with slight black striga on its inner edge and
small lunule on outer; a diffused dark postmedial line,
oblique and sinuous below vein 4, defined on outer side by a
whitish band from vein 4 to inner margin ; a terminal series
of blackish points. Hind wing white, with rather narrow,
diffused, brownish terminal band except towards tornus,
irrorated with fuscous; a terminal series of blackish points
except towards tornus; cilia brownish at base, whitish at
tips; the underside with black point at upper angle of cell

Species of Pyralide. 21

and small diffused blackish postmedial spots at costa, discal
fold, and towards inner margin.

Hab. Br. BK. Arrica, Udimu (Betton), 1 3 type. Exp.
26 mm.

(127 a) Pionea phealis, sp. n.

3. Dark reddish brown mixed with fuscous; palpi
blackish, white below at base. Fore wing with small ante-
medial black spots below cell and on inner margin; a bi-
sinuate discoidal black line defined by pale brownish on
outer side; a small patch of blackish suffusion beyond lower
angle of cell; postmedial line black, slightly excurved below
costa, incurved at discal fold, excurved to vein 2, then re-
tracted to below end of cell and again slightly ecxcurved ;
a black terminal line; cilia with a strigiform black line at
middle and blackish tips. Hind wing more fuscous brown,
with terminal series of faint dark points; cilia paler, with
blackish line near base ; the underside with traces of diffused
dark postmedial line on costal area.

Hab. Br. EK. Arrica, Kirbehs (Betton), 1 g type. Lap.
20 mm.

(130) Pionea secticostalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen cupreous brown; frons
white at sides ; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen white. Fore wing cupreous brown ; traces of
an oblique sinuous antemedial line, with a small white spot
beyond it below costa; an indistinct dark discoidal lunule
with small white spot in centre; the terminal third of costa
with four short white streaks alternating with short black
streaks ; an indistinct postmedial line excurved from costa
to vein 4, then incurved; some slight black points on apical
half of costa. Hind wing pale cupreous brown, with traces
of a curved postmedial line and fine terminal line ; the under-
side grey-brown, with two obliquely placed discoidal points,
a highly curved punctiform postmedial line, and terminal
series of black points or strie.

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 2 type. zp.
18 mm.

(128 a) Pionea monospila, sp. u.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen cupreous brown mixed
with some grey ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen
whitish; tarsi ringed with white. Fore wing cupreous

22 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

brown irrorated with a few white scales ; a postmedial white
spot on costa. Hind wing cupreous brown.
Hab. Braz, Petropolis (Doer), 1 2 type. Eap. 14 mm.

(140 a) Pionea leucozonea, sp. n.

S$. Head and thorax white mixed with bronze-brown ;
abdomen white dorsally tinged with brown, leaving white
segmental lines ; pectus and legs white. Fore wing whitish
suffused with bronze-brown and irrorated with blackish; a
pure white antemedial band narrowing to costa; a quadrate
white patch in end of cell confluent with a patch above it on
costa, a small semicircular blackish mark before it in middle
of cell, and a blackish discoidal lunule with white centre;
a white spot on costa beyond the cell ; a white postmedial
band, narrowing and sinuous between veins 6 and 2, then
retracted to lower angle of cell and forming an oblique white
band to inner margin ; a terminal series of small dark spots.
Hind wing white tinged with bronze-brown except on costal
area to beyond middle ; a dark discoidal point ; a brown
postmedial line defined on outer side by whitish, bent out-
wards between veins 5 and 2; a terminal series of dark
points ; the underside white, a blackish point in middle of
cell and small discoidal lunule, the postmedial line with some
blackish points on it, the terminal points black.

Hab. Sannwicu Is., Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins), 1 3 type.
Kap. 16 mm,

(8) Paratalanta griseicinctalis, sp. u.

Mid tibia of male without fold and tuft, hind tibia with
the inner medial spur minute; fore wing without costal
fold ; hind wing with the termen evenly curved.

3. Head and thorax brown mixed with whitish; palpi
white below; pectus and legs whitish; abdomen white
dorsally tinged with brown. Fore wing whitish suffused
with cupreous brown, leaving the terminal area white; an
indistinct brown antemedial line oblique from costa to below
the cell; a brown spot in middle of cell and discoidal spot with
whitish centre ; an indistinct postmedial line excurved from
costa to vein 2, then bent inwards to below end of cell and
erect to inner margin, closely approximated at middle to the
indistinct subterminal line, which is rather maculate towards
costa. Hind wing semihyaline whitish, the disk tinged with
cupreous brown, the terminal area whiter; a slight dark
discoidal bar; postmedial line bent outwards between veins 5

Species of Pyralide. 23

and 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to
above inner margin; a subterminal line slightly excurved
between veins 5 and 2,

Hab. Bauamas (Bonhote), 2 g type. Exp. 32 mm.

(46) Pyrausta glaucoleuca, sp. n.

Fore coxe of male with tuft of long fuscous scales below,
the femora with tuft of long fulvous hair above ; abdomen
with ventral fan of scales on penultimate segment.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown, the vertex of
head whitish; palpi dark brown, white below ; pectus, legs,
and ventral surface of abdomen white slightly tinged with
rufous. Fore wing silky grey-brown ; a faint, dark, minutely
waved postmedial line, eied below costa and at middle,
retracted below vein 2; cilia with a fine yellowish line at
base, blackish at middle and with white tips. Hind wing
pure white, with a fine brown terminal line.

Hab. 8.E, Peru, La Oroya (Ockenden), 2 g type. Eup.
26 mm.

(8a) Pyrausta albicostalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax yellow; palpi fulvous, white at base;
sides of frons with white lines ; shoulders fulvous ; pectus
and legs white, the fore femora and tibize and mid femora
fulvous ; abdomen white. Fore wing yellow, the costal area
fulvous, with the costal edge white, the veins deeper yellow ;
traces of a curved yellow antemedial line and of a postmedial
line excurved from costa to vein 5, then oblique; cilia
whitish. Hind wing white, with fine yellowish terminal
line.

Hab. Brazit, Organ Mts., Tijuca (Wagner), 1 3 type.
Exp, 28 mm.

(12 a) Pyrausta perflavalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax bright yellow ; palpi fulvous, white
below; frons with fine lateral white streaks ; pectus and legs
white, the fore tibiz yellow in front ; abdomen white, dorsally
suffused with yellow. Fore wing bright yellow, the costal
edge narrowly brown ; an indistinct orange antemedial line,
oblique from costa to submedian fold; aslight discoidal bar ;
postmedial line indistinct, excurved from costa to vein 2,
then retracted to lower angle of cell; cilia brown, white at
tips. Hind wing rather paler yellow except towards termen ;
cilia brown from apex to vein 2.

24 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. Frreusson I. (Meek), 1 3 type; QurENnsianp, Mt.
Tambourine, 1 ¢. Exp. 24 mm.

(16 a) Pyrausta atricinctalis, sp. n.

?. Golden yellow; palpi blackish at tips; maxillary palpi
black at tips. Fore wing with round black discoidal spot ;
a narrow biack terminal band, rather broader and diffused
on inner side towards apex; cilia black. Hind wing with
narrow black terminal band and the cilia black from apex to
vein 2.

Hab. Masuonauanp (Dobbie), 1 2 type. Hap. 26 mm.

(20a) Pyrausta pervulgalis, sp. u.

Head and thorax ochreous slightly tinged with rufous ;
palpi and sides of frons rufous, the former white at base;
fore legs rufous; abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing
ochreous, the costal area slightly tinged with rufous ; an
indistinct oblique sinuous antemedial line; a faint dark spot
in middle of cell and discoidal bar; postmedial line in-
distinct, dark, excurved and minutely dentate from vein 6
to 3, then retracted to below end of cell and sinuous to inner
margin ; a terminal series of slight dark striz. Hind wing
ochreous white; an indistinct brownish postmedial lie,
excurved and minutely waved between veins 5 and 2, then
obsolete ; traces of a somewhat diffused subterminal line
from costa to vein 2 and of a fine terminal line.

Hab. Jaran, Satsuma (Leech), 2 3 type, Nagasaki (Leech),
1 9; C. Cuina, Ningpo, 1 ?, Foochow (Leech), 13,12,
Kiukiang (Pratt), 1 §; W. Cuina, Chang-yang (Pratt),
1 ¢. zp. 26-30 mm.

(30a) Pyrausta thermicruralis, sp. n.

Bright straw-yellow ; palpi rufous, white below; sides of
frons and shoulders tinged with rufous; pectus and legs
white, the femora rufous, fore tibiz rufous at extremities,
the mid tibiz rufous above. Fore wing with the costal area
slightly tinged with rufous; a slightly sinuous antemedial
rufous line bent inwards to costa ; a discoidal lunule ; post-
medial line arising from below costa, excurved and minutely
waved to vein 3, on which is an oblique streak connecting it
with lower angle of cell, then bent inwards to below angle of
cell and erect to Inner margin ; a rufous terminal line and
the cilia rufous. Hind wing with slight oblique postmedial

J

Species of Pyralide. 25

line between veins 5 and 2 ; a terminal rufous line and the
cilia rufous from apex to vein 2.

- Hab. Paraauay, Sapucay (Fuster), 4 ¢,1 2 type. Hap.
382-36 mm.

(31 a) Pyrausta straminea, sp. un.

Epicorsia butyrosa, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 212 (part.),
nec Guen,

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous faintly tinged
with rufous ; palpi white at base ; mid tibize white in front.
Fore wing ochreous, the costal area faintly tinged with
rufous towards base ; antemedial line indistinct, oblique to
submedian fold and incurved above inner margin; a slight
discoidal striga ; postmedial line indistinct, minutely waved,
excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below end of cell and
again excurved. Hind wing ochreous ; an indistinct post-
medial line, oblique and slightly waved to vein 2, then
retracted to lower angle of cell and oblique to above tornus ;
a brownish terminal line,

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 ¢ type, Godman-Salvin
Coll. Hap. 34 mm. .

(816) Pyrausta furvalis, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous red ; palpi white
below; fore coxe in front, mid tibiz at sides, and the tarsi
white ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen brown. Fore
wing fulvous red; an indistinct dark antemedial line, oblique
to submedian fold and incurved above inner margin ; a faint
dark point in middle of cell and discoidal lunule; postmedial
line indistinct, dark, excurved and waved from below costa
to vein 3, then retracted to below end of cell; cilia brown.
Hind wing orange-red ; a very indistinct curved postmedial
line between veins 5 and 2; cilia brownish.

Hab. W.Coxtomsia, Jiminez, 1 2 type. Lzp. 32 mm.

(32 a) Pyrausta holowuthalis, sp. un.

3S. Deep straw-yellow ; head and tegule tinged with
orange; palpi fulvous, white below; tibiz and tarsi whitish.
Fore wing with the costal area tinged with orange towards
base. Hind wing with the cilia whitish. Underside of fore
wing with the costal area tinged with fuscous, traces of a
pale curved postmedial line ; hind wing faintly tinged with
fuscous, traces of a pale postmedial band.

Hab. C. Cuina, Ichang (Mrs. Pratt), 1 g type. xp.

30 mm.

26 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(34 a) Pyrausta hemaproctis, sp. u.

go. Head and tegule pale brown; thorax grey; palpi
dark brown above, white below; pectus white; legs white
tinged with brown, the fore tibiz with brown band at extre-
mity ; abdomen pale brown, the anal tuft crimson, the ventral
surface white. Fore wing pale grey-brown, the lower part of
cell and the area below it to submedian fold white ; a minute
dark discoidal lunule; postmedial line indistinct, dark, ex-
curved to vein 4, then oblique ; cilia with a fine whitish line
at base and whitish tips. Hind wing pale grey-brown, the
basal and inner areas whitish; traces of a dark postmedial
line from costa to vein 4; cilia with a fine white line at base
and whitish tips ; the underside whitish, with the postmedial
line more distinct.

Hab. 8.E. Perv, La Oroya (Ockenden),1 g type. Hep.
28 mm.

(35 a) Pyrausta melanocera, sp. n.

Fore wing with slight subbasal fovea in cell.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous yellow ; antennz
black except basal joint. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the
costal edge brownish. Hind wing pale ochreous yellow.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Minna (Macfie), 1 g type. Exp.
20 mm.

(37 a) Pyrausta metaleuca, sp. un.

do. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown ; legs streaked
whitish and brown; abdomen with the ventral surface
whitish. Fore wing pale reddish brown ; traces of a curved
dark antemedial line; a slight dark spot in upper part of
cell towards extremity and discoidal lunule; traces of a dark
postmedial line excurved from below costa to vein 4, then
oblique ; a fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing white,
the costa and termen with a faint brownish tinge ; a terminal
series of black striz from apex to vein 1; the underside
white faintly tinged with brown, a dark discoidal point, a
postmedial punctiform line slightly excurved below discal
fold, a terminal series of black points.

Hab. Germ. E. Arrica, Kiliman’jaro ({yéstedt), 1 3 type.
Exp. 30 mm.

(43 a) Pyrausta achroalis, sp. nu.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white faintly tinged with
rufous ; sides of palpi and frons rufous; fore tibiz with
brown band at extremity. Fore wing white faintly tinged

Species of Pyralidee. 27

with rufous ; traces of an oblique dark antemedial line ;
a black point in upper part of middle of cell and a discoidal
bar ; postmedial line very indistinct, dark, excuryed from
vein 6 to 2, then bent inwards to below end of cell; the
termen rufous, with a series of dark points onit. Hind wing
white faintly tinged with rufous; an oblique black discoidal
bar ; traces of a dark postmedial line excurved from vein 6
to 2, then bent inwards to near lower angle of cell and
obliquely excurved to inner margin ; a fine rufous terminal
line.

Hab. Jamaica, Runaway Bay (Walsingham), 1 9? type;
Cusa, Santiago (Schaus),1 9. Hap. 22 mm.

(61a) Pyrausta phenizonalis, sp. nu.

Head and thorax ochreous yellow; palpi rufous, white
below ; throat white ; fore tibiz white, tinged with fuscous
at extremity; abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreous
yellow, the base and costal area to beyond middle tinged
with rufous ; an antemedial brown line, oblique from costa
to submedian fold, then incurved ; a small spot in middle of
cell; alunulate discoidal spot with yellow lunule in middle ;
a brown lunule beyond the cell with the postmedial line
arising from it, faint and excurved to vein 2, then retracted to
median nervure, strong and slightly incurved from near origin
of vein 2 to inner margin ; a broad purplish-grey terminal
band with dark brown inner edge, angled outwards below
costa and inwards in discal fold, then excurved to vein 2,
where it expands inwards to the angle of postmedial line ;
cilia pale yellow. Hind wing ochreous yellow; a small
black discoidal spot ; a brown postmedial line bent outwards
between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below angle of cell,
and slightly excurved to inner margin ; a broad purplish-
grey terminal band with dark brown inner edge, angled
inwards at discal fold, then minutely waved, and expanding
inwards at vein 2; cilia pale yellow.

Hab. Javan, Hakodaté (Leech), 1 $,1 9 type. zp.
26 mm.

(73a) Pyrausta rufitincta, sp. n.
3S. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous; palpi
rufous, white at base ; pectus and legs white, the fore tibiz
with rufous band at extremity ; abdomen white dorsally
faintly tinged with rufous. Fore wing ochreous tinged with
rufous; a slight rufous discoidal lunule; postmedial line
rufous, minutely waved, excurved from below costa to vein 2,

28 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

then bent inwards ; a punctiform rufous terminal line; cilia
with a rufous line at middle and white tips. Hind wing
ochreous white.

Hab, Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 3 type. LEzp.
24 mm.

(75 a) Pyrausta arenicola, sp. un.

Head and thorax ochreous, the frons whitish ; palpi white
at base ; pectus and legs white, the tibiz and tarsi tinged with
ochreous, the tarsi with brownish bands ; abdomen white
tinged withochreous. Fore wing ochreous tinged with fulvous ;
a brownish antemedial line, somewhat oblique from costa to
median nervure; a faint dark discoidal lunule; postmedial
line brown, excurved from costa to vein 2, then bent inwards
to near origin of vein 2, where there is a dark point, then
again bent outwards and with a dark point above inner
margin ; cilia whitish at tips. Hind wimg pale ochreous
tinged with fulvous towards termen ; cilia whitish at tips.

Hab. Auceria, Biskra (Walsingham), 3 8 type. Exp.
18 mm.

(92a) Pyrausta brachypteralis, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax rufous; palpi below and throat
white ; mid and hind tibie and tarsi white, the fore tibiz
white, with rufous band near extremity ; abdomen pale
rufous. Fore wing pale rufous; a slight dark discoidal
lunule ; a postmedial series of fuscous points excurved
between veius 6 and 4, then very oblique; a fine terminal
rufous line; cilia rufous at base, whitish at tips. Hind
wing short and rounded, yellowish tinged with rufous, the
termen and base of cilia deeper rufous from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 g type. ap.
26 mm.

(92b) Pyrausta sabulosa, sp. n.

o. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with
rufous ; palpi white at base ; antenne with long cilia, the
shaft with dark rings. Fore wing ochreous tinged with
rufous and irrorated with rather large brown scales ; a slight
dark discoidal bar; postmedial line indistinct, dark, ex-
curved between veins 5 and 2, then bent inwards to near
origin of vein 2 and again slightly excurved ; a series of
black points just before termen; cilia with a brown line near
base. Hind wing pale ochreous slightly irrorated with
brown ; an indistinct dark postmedial line excurved between

3
veius 5 and 2, then bent inwards to below end of cell, and

Species of Pyralide. 25

oblique to inner margin; a terminal series of dark striz ;
the underside paler, a “dark discoidal point, the postmedial
line distinct, a terminal series of black poiuts from apex to
submedian fold.

Hab. Mexico, Las Vigas (Schaus), 1 3 type. Hap.
26 mm.

(95a) Pyrausta costimacula, sp. un.

d. Head blackish, the palpi at base and sides of frons
white; thorax rufous, the dorsum and dorsal edge of tegulee
blackish ; pectus and legs whitish tinged with rufous, the
fore tibiz rufous, the tarsi black ringed with white ; abdo-
men fuscous brown, the anal tuft rufous, the ventral surface
whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing rufous; a small
black spot at base of costa; an antemedial black spot in cell
and double points at vein 1 and above inner margin ; asmall
black discoidal lunule ; postmedial line blackish, with promi-
nent black spot at costa, excurved to vein 4 towards termen,
then oblique; cilia brown, white towards tornus. Hind
wing whitish tinged with ochreous brown ; slight blackish
marks on termen “at veins 7, 6.

Hab. N.E. Perv, Huancabamba, | a ty pe, El Porvenir,
1¢. Ezp. 32 mm.

(97 a) Pyrausta rubrifusa, sp. n.

Q. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with red ; palpi at
base, pectus, legs, and abdomen ochreous. Fore wing
ochreous suffused with blood-red ; a faint dark antemedial
line, oblique to vein 1; a blood-red spot in middle of cell
and ee bar ; ; postmedial line faint, dark, excurved to
vein 2, then bent upwards to lower angle of cell and slightly
excurved below submedian fold ; a faint curved subterminal
shade. Hind wing ochreous yellow, with a faint dark sub-
terminal line.

Hab, Jamaica (Kaye), 2 9 type. Exp. 28 mm.

(103 a) Pyrausta gazalis, sp. n.

Q. Pale straw-yellow ; palpi black at tips; fore tibiz
banded with black at extremities. Fore wing with the basal
half of costal area suffused with fuscous ; a strong, erect,
straight antemedial line; a discoidal lunule conjoined to the
dark “costal area ; ; postmedial line strong, straight from costa
to vein 5, excurved to vein 2, then straight to inner margin ;
a fine black terminal line ; ‘cilia fuscous, with a black line

.

30 Sir G. F,. Hampson on new

near base. Hind wing with fuscous discoidal point ; post-
medial line strong, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2,
then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to inner
margin near tornus ; a fine black terminal line ; cilia with a
blackish line near base. the tips tinged with fuscous except
towards tornus,

Hab. Gazatanp, Chirinda Forest (Marshall), 1 2 type.
Exp. 30 mm.

(107 6) Pyrausta pheopastalis, sp. n.

2. Head yellow ; palpirufous, white at base ; thorax pale
yellow-brown; pectus and legs whitish; abdomen pale
fuscous brown, with slight whitish segmental rings, the anal
tuft yellow. Fore wing pale yellowish thickly suffused and
irrorated with fuscous brown, leaving the costa towards apex
and termen yellower ; a faint dark spot in end of cell and
discoidal lunule; traces of a dark diffused postmedial line,
more distinct towards costa, oblique from costa to vein 4,
then inwardly oblique; a terminal series of slight dark
striz; cilia yellow. Hind wing greyish ochreous suffused
with fuscous brown; a slight dark terminal line; cilia
yellow; the underside paler, with traces of a curved post-
medial line.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Crawshay),1 2 type. Exp.
26 mm,

(126a) Pyrausta albogrisea, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white mixed with
dark brown, the pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
whiter. Fore wing dark brown irrorated with grey-white ;
traces of a dark antemedial line defined on outer side by
whitish ; a dark point in middle of cell and discoidal bar ;
postmedial line very indistinct, dark, excurved from below
costa to. vein 3, then incurved and with yellowish spot at
submedian fold ; a fine white line at base of cilia. Hind
wing white slightly irrorated with brown; a slight curved
postmedial line; a blackish terminal line, expanding into
small spots at the veins ; cilia dark at tips; the underside
with small black discoidal lunule.

Hab. W. Coxtomsra, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 2 type.
Eup. 24 mm,

(142 a) Pyrausta sanguifusalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen deep ochreous yellow, the
head and thorax suffused with blood-red ; sides of frons with

Species of Pyralide. 31

white streaks ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
yellowish white. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the costal area
broadly suffused with dull blood-red to beyond middle ;
broad, almost confluent, diffused, red basal antemedial and
postmedial bands, the two latter confluent below the cell;
a broad terminal red band with diffused inner edge almost
confluent with the postmedial band; cilia yellow. Hind
wing white tinged with yellow.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Tana R. (Crawshay), 1 3 type.
Ezp. 16 mm,

(144.a) Pyrausta hematidalis, sp. 0.

3. Deep ochreous yellow ; head and thorax partly suffused
with blood-red ; palpi fulvous, whitish below. Fore wing
with the costal area deep blood-red to the postmedial line ;
three subbasal red spots, almost forming a maculate band;
grey spots edged with blood-red at middle of cell and on
discocellulars; a V-shaped medial grey band edged with blood-
red, the inner arm arising from a spot at middle of cell, the
outer arm from beyond the discoidal spot, the two confluent
below the cell and expanding in submedian fold, the post-
medial line forming the outer edge of this band and continued
to the costal fascia as an obsolescent red line slightly bent
outwards below costa ; a subterminal grey band defined by
waved red lines, its inner edge angled inwards below the costa
and at discal and submedian folds ; a narrow red terminal
band with points on its inner edge; cilia yellowish white,
with brown medial line. Hind wing with indistinct diffused
brownish patches at lower angle of cell and on inner area; a
brown terminal band with diffused inner edge, leaving some
yellow on termen; cilia yellow, with brownish tips; the
underside with the costal area broadly suffused with brown
to beyond middle and conjoined to the patch at lower angle
of cell.

9. Hind wing wholly suffused with fuscous brown, leaving
the costal area yellowish to beyond middle.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Machakos (Crawshay), 1 3 type,
Stoney R. (Crawshay),1 9. Exp. 16 mm.

(1446) Pyrausta hematidea, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish red mixed with
yellowish ; palpi white at base; pectus and legs whitish, the
fore tibize banded white and brown; abdomen with white
patch on anal tuft above, the ventral surface white. Fore

32 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

wing purplish red suffused with leaden grey, the costa and
termen yellow ; a curved yellow antemedial band defined at
sides by red; a blackish discoidal lunule; a yellow post-
medial band defined at sides by red, incurved at discal fold,
at vein 8 bent upwards to lower angle of cell, then again
excurved ; cilia yellow slightly tinged with red. Hind wing
purplish red suffused with leaden grey, the costal area
yellowish to beyond middle; a postmedial yellow band
defined at sides by red, oblique to vein 2, where it is almost
confluent with a terminal spot in submedian fold, then re-
tracted to below angle of cell, and forming a wedge-shaped
patch on inner area; cilia yellow slightly tinged with red,

Hab. Germ. E. Arrica, Ruaha :: "(Neave), 2 3 type.
Eexp. 14 mm.

(145 a) Pyrausta flavidiscata, sp. n.

Syllythria panopealis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het, ii. p. 207 (part.),
nec W1k.

6. Head and thorax yellow mixed with rufous ; pectus
and legs white tinged with ochreous ; abdomen yellow tinged
with brown and with some red near extremity, the ventral
surface white. Fore wing yellow, the costal area rufous,
the antemedial and postmedial areas suffused with brown,
leaving a triangular yellow patch on medial area from sub-
costal nervure to vein 1, the terminal area tinged with rufous;
antemedial line dark, bent outwards below costa, then oblique;
a dark discoidal striga ; postmedial line dark, oblique towards
costa, then obliquely incurved, excurved between veins 5 and
3, then bent inwards to below end of cell, and erect to inner
margin; an indistinct, diffused, sinuous subterminal shade.
Hind wing yellow; an obliquely curved dark postmedial
line from discal fold to tornus, with rufous suffusion before
it; the apical area suffused with brown; the underside
yellow, a blackish discoidal point, postmedial line blackish,
excurved between discal fold and vein 2.

Hab. Guatemata, Zapote (Champion), 1 % type; Panama,
Chiriqui (Champion), 4 3, Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap. 14-
16 mm.

(146 a) Pyrausta favibrunnea, sp. n.

Syllythria phenicealis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 208 (part.),
nec Hiibn.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow mixed with brown, the —
last with yellow segmental lines; palpi white below towards

Species of Pyralide. 33

base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,
the fore legs brown in front. Fore wing yellow tinged with
rufous, especially on costal and terminal areas, irrorated and
in parts suffused with brown; antemedial line brown,
sinuous ; a small dark spot in upper part of middle of cell
and a discoidal lunule with some brown suffusion beyond it ;
postmedial line brown, defined on outer side by yellow
forming patches below costa and towards inner margin,
excurved and minutely dentate from vein 6 to 2, then bent
inwards to below end of cell, and angled outwards at vein 1 ;
an indistinct, minutely dentate, brownish subterminal line,
with brownish suffusion beyond it; a terminal series of
minute dark lunules ; cilia with a series of brown points near
base and brownish tips. Hind wing yellow tinged with
brown except on costal area to the postmedial line, which is
brown and oblique from just below costa to termen at sub-
median fold ; the terminal area suffused with brown, nar-
rowing to a point at submedian fold; the termen with a
series of minute dark lunules and the cilia with a series of
brown striz near base from apex to vein 2; the underside
with dark discoidal lunule, postmedial minutely waved line,
excurved from vein 5 to 2, where it terminates, and sub-
terminal shade from costa to vein 2.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos (H. H. Smith), 2 2
type, Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap. 22 mm.

(150 a) Pyrausta perfervidalis, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow suffused
with fiery red; palpt fuscous, white below; frons brown,
with fine lateral white streaks; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing fulvous irrorated
with fiery red, the costal and terminal areas broadly suffused
with fiery red-brown ; a diffused curved red antemedial line ;
a diffused fiery-red discoidal patch with whitish point in
centre ; postmedial line slightly excurved between veins 5
and 2; a black terminal line; cilia blackish at base, white
at tips. Hind wing fulvous red, the terminal area broadly
red-brown ; an oblique blackish discoidal bar, with oblique
line from it to inner margin; an oblique postmedial line
from costa to the terminal band at vein 2, slightly bent out-
wards at vein 5 ; a fine black terminal line ; cilia blackish at
base, white at tips.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Nairobi plains (Crawshay), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 18 mm.

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xu. 3

34 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(1506) Pyrausta prostygialis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow; palpi
dark brown, white below towards base; frons with white
streaks at sides; antennz fuscous; throat white; pectus
brown in front ; ventral surface of abdomen pale yellow.
Fore wing yellow tinged with fiery red, especially on terminal
area, the costal area suffused with fuscous to the postmedial
line ; antemedial line dark, angled outwards in submedian
fold ; a dark discoidal lunule ; postmedial line dark, sinuous
to vein 2, then bent inwards and obsolescent to below end of
cell, and again excurved ; a black terminal line ; cilia white,
with a strong black line near base. Hind wing yellow
slightly tinged with red; a blackish discoidal bar; post-
medial line blackish, somewhat oblique to vein 2, then bent
inwards and obsolescent to lower angle of cell and sinuous
to inner margin; a black terminal line except towards
tornus ; cilia white, with a strong blackish line near base
except towards tornus; the underside with the postmedial
line incurved at discal fold.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 3 type. Hap.
14 mm.

(15la) Pyrausta metachrysalis, sp. 0.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen olive suffused with
fuscous ; palpi white at base ; tarsi white ; abdomen at sides
and below yellowish. Fore wing olive suffused with pale
rufous ; an oblique antemedial series of indistinct rufous
spots ; a slight spot at middle of cell and faint discoidal
lunule; a deep rufous rather diffused postmedial line, ex-
curved from costa to vein 4, then incurved, defined on outer
side hy a yellow band. Hind wing deep orange. Underside
of fore wing orange, with diffused red postmedial band from
costa to vein 4 and diffused subterminal band ; hind wing
with diffused red subterminal line from costa to vein 2, the
termen and cilia tinged with red.

Hab. Cuitt, Chillan (Elwes), 2 3 type. Kxp. 26 mm.

Subsp.— ¢. Fore wing with the suffusion and markings
rather darker.

¢. Fore wing suffused with deep chocolate-brown to the
postmedial line.

Hab. Pataconia, Chubut, Valle Lago Blanco, 1 g,5 @.
Ezp. 20 mm.

ot)
CL

Species of Pyralide.

(165 a) Pyrausta diatoma, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow ; palpi
rufous, white below at base; pectus, legs, and ventral sur-
face of abdomen white. Fore wing yellow; the costal area
tinged with blood-red towards base ; an oblique diffused
blood-red line from costa beyond middle to middle of inner
margin; the termen tinged with blood-red. Hind wing
yellowish white; the underside with brownish postmedial
shade from costa to vein 3.

Hab. Natat, Estcourt (Hutchinson), 1 g type. Exp.
18 mm.

(170 a) Pyrausta rhodoxantha, sp. n.

Syllythria tyralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 206 (part.), nec
Guen.

Head and thorax purplish pink mixed with yellowish ;
palpi white below ; pectus and legs yellowish tinged with
red-brown; abdomen yellowish dorsally suffused with
purplish red. Fore wing purplish pink ; some yellowish at
base of inner margin; a yellowish subbasal spot in sub-
median interspace and an oblique antemedial band from
middle of cell to inner margin; a quadrate discoidal spot
with some diffused yellowish from it to inner margin ;
a yellowish postmedial band, excurved to vein 4, then bent
inwards to near angle of cell, and erect to inner margin;
some slight yellow marks before termen ; a terminal brown
line from apex to vein 4; cilia brownish white. Hind wing
yellowish tinged with brown, the termen crimson from apex
to vein 2, on which there is a crimson streak, a brown band
before termen from apex to vein 4.

Hab. Mexico, Guadalajaro (Schaus), 1 3 type, Guerrero,
Amula (H. H. Smith), 1 2, Cuernavaca, Morelos (H. H.
Smith), 1 g, Yucatan, Temax (Gaumer), 1 ¢, Godman-Sal-
vin Coll. zp. 20 mm.

(173 a) Pyrausta tenuilinea, sp. n.

3. Head brown; thorax brown suffused with purplish
pink; pectus, legs, and abdomen whitish suffused with
brown. Fore wing purplish pink ; a curved yellowish ante-
medial line ; a brown discoidal striga ; postmedial line fine,
yellowish, excurved and slightly sinuous to vein 4, then re-
tracted to below end of cell and again excurved ; a terminal
series of minute dark points; cilia brown, Hind wing

36 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

whitish suffused with brown; some purplish pink on terminal
part of vein 2; a fine black terminal line ; cilia whitish.
Hab. W. Cotomsta, El Credo, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 14 mm.

(183 a) Pyrausta rubescentalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellowish suffused with dull red ; palpi
fulvous, white below; frons with lateral white streaks ;
abdomen ochreous dorsally suffused with fuscous ; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing dull
crimson more or less strongly suffused and irrorated with
fuscous ; the costa towards apex, termen, and cilia bright
yellow ; aslightly curved yellow antemedial line ; slight dark
spots at middle of cell and on discocellulars ; postmedial
line yellow, excurved and slightly waved from costa to
vein 3, then retracted to below end of cell and sinuous to
inner margin. Hind wing yellowish more or less strongly
suffused with fuscous, the termen reddish, the cilia yellow ;
traces of a curved yellowish postmedial line between veins 5
and 2; the underside with faint dark discoidal spot, the
postmedial line traceable throughout, excurved between
veins 5 and 2.

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 ¢; ARGENTINA,
Florenzia, Gran Chaco (Wagner), 2 g type. Exp. 16 mm.

r (183d) Pyrausta rhodope, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax yellow mixed with purplish red ;
palpi red, white at base, the third joint brown; pectus
and legs white, the fore and mid tibie and the tarsi banded
with red ; abdomen with the basal segments yellowish white,
the terminal segments red with a dorsal silvery-white spot
at base of anal segment, the ventral surface white. Fore
wing yellow, the costal area suffused with purplish red, some
purplish red on inner area near base; antemedial line
purplish red, oblique to submedian fold, then incurved; an
annulus in middle of cell and elliptical discoidal mark defined
by purplish red ; the outer part of medial area suffused with
purplish red to the postmedial line, which is oblique to discal
fold, then waved and incurved below vein 3, a curved band
of red suffusion beyond it from costa to termen at discal
fold; a terminal series of brown points; cilia purplish red.
Hind wing white, the terminal area suffused with brown,
broadly at costa, narrowing to tornus. Underside white,
the fore wing with reddish suffusion on costal half of
terminal area.

' Spectes of Pyralide. 37

Ab. 1. Fore wing uniformly suffused with purple-red, the
outer medial area somewhat darker.

9. Abdomen without the silvery-white spot on anal
segment ; fore wing nearly uniform pale red; hind wing
tinged with reddish except on basal area.

Hab. Cusa, Santiago (Schaus), 5 gd, 3 2 type. Earp.
24 mm.

(193 6) Pyrausta heliothidia, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax black-brown mixed with some
ochreous ; abdomen black-brown with slight ochreous seg-
mental lines ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
yellow irrorated with black. Fore wing grey-brown thickly
irrorated with black-brown. Hind wing yellow; a black
fascia in lower part of cell, with some greyish hair on it
from near base to just beyond the cell, and a similar fascia
above inner margin from near base to tornus ; a black sub-
terminal band diffused on apical half to the black terminal
line ; cilia blackish mixed with yellow. Underside ochreous
yellow ; fore’ wing with black spot in middle of cell and
discoidal bar.

Hab, Peru, Oroya, 1 ¢ type. “zp. 18 mm.

(21la) Pyrausta albescens, sp. 0.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown mixed with
whitish, the pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
with more white. Fore wing pale bronze-brown, the terminal
area whitish, some blackish sufiusion on basal inner area;
a black streak below extremity of cell and spot at upper
angle ; some slight black streaks beyond lower angle of cell ;
a black terminal line. Hind wing whitish, the inner area
suffused with brown: a blackish-brown postmedial band
between veins 6 and 2 and a subterminal band; a black
terminal line. Underside whitish suffused in parts with
brown ; fore wing with brown discoidal bar.

Hab, Peru, Oroya, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 18 mm,

(214a) Pyrausta holophealis, sp. 0.

?. Black-brown with a metallic gloss ; frons with lateral
yellow streaks; pectus and legs pale brown; fore tarsi
yellowish ; wings without trace of markings.

Hab. Cua, Foo-chau (Leech), 1 2 type. Hap. 22 mm,

38 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

(214.4) Pyrausta flavicollalis, sp. n.

¢. Greyish fuscous ; palpi at base, back of head, tegule,
pectus, legs, ventral surface, and extremity of abdomen
bright yellow ; fore tibiz and tarsi fuscous in front. Fore
wing finely pencilled with black and bluish-white scales
except costal and terminal areas.

Hab. Arcentina, Florenzia, Gran Chaco (Wagner), 1 ¢
type. Exp. 18 mm.

(‘To be continued. |

I1.—Notes on the Lamellicorn Genus Popillia and Descrip-
tions of some new Oriental Species in the British Museum.
By GivBert J. ARROW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In Dr. Kraatz’s list of the species of Popillia in the
Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. 1892 (p. 3803), lamentable confusion
was introduced into the classification of this difficult genus.
Dr. Kraatz’s collection has happily become accessible, and
the specimens of Popillia from India and China have been
kindly sent to me for examination by Herr Schenkling.
Hence the present notes. Having also examined the types
of Hope and Newman in London and Oxford, and a number
of Fairmaire’s in the Paris Museum, I am able to at least
partially correct the confusion which has resulted from the
inadequate descriptions of all those writers. Not only has
Kraatz misapplied the names given by all his predecessors
mentioned, but he has burdened his catalogue with numerous
names of colour-varieties, which in several cases are not
varieties of the species to which he has assigned them. He
has not avoided the repetition of the same name for these
varieties (e. g., cupricollis occurs three times and testacei-
pennis twice), and so evidently did not contemplate their use
as specific names in any case; and as they are merely
descriptive of the colours of individual specimens, and are
sometimes left to explain themselves without any attempt at
definition, they are evidently not applicable as specific names.
This is also the case with the many varietal names intro-
duced by Ohaus, who has a var, testaceipes of P. complanata,
Newm. (the new species P, pulchripes of the present paper),

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 39

and also a var. testace’pes of P. deplanata, Ohaus, both
described in the course of the same work.

Having separated Popillia 6-guttata, Fairmaire, from the
genus Popillia, and formed for it the new genus Spilo-
popilia, figuring the species upon his plate, Kraatz, upon a
later page of his monograph, has described a very closely
related insect with all the same generic features as a Popillia
under the name of 6-maculata. ‘his is a broader form, with
almost the same pattern, but nearly black ground-colour,
and the pronotum is smooth, with tine and scanty punctu-
ration. It should be called Spilopopillia 6-maculata.

I have long ago recorded my opinion that Kraatz’s genus
Peeilosticta must be for the present merged in Anomala.
‘The same applies to Hadropopillia, which is synonymous
with the subgenus Spilota.

The four species placed together as Ischnopopillia are not
naturally associated together. The description applies best
to rugicollis, Newm., and mooret, Kr. (the female of the
latter was redescribed by Kraatz as andrewes?t), of which the
former may be considered the type of the genus. J. exarata
and erythroptera I consider species of Anomala.

P. fimbriata, Newm., does not belong to the genus. It
will be described in the ‘ Fauna of British India.’

P. gemma, Newm., is not the species described by Kraatz
under that name. It is the same as P. metallicollis, Fairm.
Dr. Kraatz’s species is named P. pulchra later in this paper.

P. perotteti, Kr., is P. chlorion, Newm., of which P. ceru-
lea, Boh., is not a variety. The form from Szechuen called
perotieti, var. chrysitis, Kr., isa var. of P. ¢nconstans, Fairm.,
and not of perottetd. P. straminipennis, Kr., is 4-guttata, F.,
and P. chinensis. var. sordida, Kr., is a form of the same
species and identical with P. castanoptera, Hope. The
so-called varieties of chinensis, purpurascens, and frivaldskyt
belong to yet another species distinguished by the smooth
pronotum and the quadrate clypeus of the male, which sex
was overlooked by Kraatz. :

P, andamanica, Kr., has been pronounced by Ohaus to be
only a variety of P. marginicollis, Hope, but it is a very
distinct species, marked, amongst other features, by the
absence of a mesosternal process,

P. marginicollis, Hope, is the type of a group of species
all distinguished by a peculiar type of elytral striation, but
differing greatly in the form of the sternal process and other
features. As all those hitherto known have been confused
with P, marginicollis, I have tabulated and named here those
known tome. They differ from all other Oriental species in

40 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

having upon each elytron five dorsal strie (that is, striz
lying between the suture and the humeral callus) equidistant
from each other and without rows of punctures between
them. ‘The ventral segments are each divided at the sides
into two pseudo-segments by a carina from which spring
hairy fringes, and in most species another row of hairs arises
from the anterior margin of each segment. This double
fringe is not visible at the extreme outer edge of the abdomen,
and is most apparent, when present, in the penultimate
segment.

Most of the species are subject to very great variation in
pigmentation, especially upon the elytra.

Mesosternum more or less produced.

Ventral segments with single rows of hair.... pulchra, sp. n.
Ventral segments with double rows of hair.
Upper surface without dark markings...... felix, sp. n.
Upper surface with dark markings.
Elytra lightly striated .....,.......... levistriata, sp. n.

Elytra deeply striated.
Mesosternal process rather long.
Body convex; pale thoracic margin
WASUO ie be Cec cho a4 ee & teas hee mongolica, sp. N.
Body not very convex; pale thoracic
margin sharp.
Pygidial tufts elongate, small .... marginicollis, Hope.
Pygidial tufts large and compact .. birmanica, sp. nu.
Mesosternal process short.
Legs red, base of the pronotum strongly

emarginate ........ wesectees. CANWANA, SP. D.
Legs dark, base of the pronotum
feebly emarginate ...... seveee ‘ewist, sp. n.

Mesosternum truncated.
Short ; pronotum finely punctured, ventral seg-
ments with double rows of hair ........ andamanica, Kr.
Elongate ; pronotum strongly punctured, ven-
tral segments with single rows of hair.... formosana, sp. n,

Popillia pulchra, sp. n.

Popillia gemma, Kr. (nee Newm.).

Lete cupreo-aurea, capite (clypeo excepto), pygidio (apice excepto)
corporeque subtus zneo-viridibus, pedibus aureis, tarsis posticis
nigris ; corpus rhomboidale, vix convexum, sat breve, clypeo brevi,
antice fere recto, crebre punctato, fronte fortiter punctato; pro-
noti lateribus sat fortiter medio vix punctato, angulis bene mar-
catis, anticis acutis, posticis paulo obtusis, lateribus vix arcuatis,
medio obtuse angulatis; elytrorum dorso profunde 4-striato,
striis punctatis, interstitiis convexis, inequalibus, subsuturali basi
sparse punctato ; pygidio profunde sed laxe transverse strigoso,
basi haud dense flavido-bifasciculato, pectore toto abdominisque

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. Al

lateribus sat longe hirsutis ; processu mesosternali modice elon-
gato, compresso, haud acuto.

Brilliant golden-yellow, with crimson and greenish reflec-
tions, the head (except the clypeus), pygidium (except the
posterior half), and lower surface dark metallic green, and
the legs golden, with the hind tarsi black.

The body is rather short and rhomboidal in shape and not
very convex. The clypeus is short, nearly straight in front
and closely punctured, and the forehead is strongly and not
very closely punctured. The pronotum is distinctly but not
closely punctured at the sides, very lightly in the middle, and
the angles are well marked, the front ones acute, the hind
slightly obtuse, the sides scarcely rounded but angulated
before the middle. The scutellum bears a few minute punc-
tures. ‘The elytra have each five deep punctured dorsal
strie. ‘The interstices are convex, but the second and fourth
are a little depressed and the former bears a few large punc-
tures anteriorly. ‘The pygidium is rather coarsely trans-
versely strigose and bears two patches of pale hairs at the
base. ‘The sternum is clothed with rather long decumbent
hairs and each ventral segment has a row of similar hairs at
‘the side. The mesosternal process is compressed, rounded at
the extremity, and moderately long. All the tibiz and the
hind tarsi are short and thick in both sexes.

3. The front tibize are very broad and the two teeth
short.

Length 9°5-11 mm.; breadth 6-6°5 mm.

Hab. Burma: Karen Hills (2700-3300 ft., Dec. 1888),
L. Fea.

Popillia feliz, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Lzte igneo-metallica, elytris cupreo-rosaceis: ovalis, convexa, clypeo
subtilissime rugoso, fronte sat fortiter et crebre punctato, pronoto
vix perspicue punctato; angulis anticis acutis, posticis valde
obtusis, lateribus medio angulatis, haud arcuatis ; scutello minute
punctato; elytris striis 5 dorsalibus profunde impressis, inter-
stitiis levibus, convexis, equalibus; pygidio sat grosse transverse
striolato, basi bifasciculato; processu mesosternali sat longo, haud
crasso ; metasterni lateribus albo-hirtis, segmentisque yentralibus
transyersim bisectis, biseriatim pilosis.

Golden-red above and beneath, with the elytra orange-red,
the pygidium bearing two basal patches of wiitish hairs, the
sternum densely clothed (except in the middle) with similar
hairs, and each ventral segment bearing two rows of trans-
versely placed hairs at the sides, ‘he body is oval, compact

42 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

and convex, and the upper surface very smooth and shining.
The clypeus is shortly transverse, nearly straight in front
and very finely rugose, and the forehead is rather closely and
evenly punctured. ‘The pronotum is very smooth and shining
and scarcely visibly punctured, with the front angles acute,
the hind angles very obtuse, and the sides angulate in the
middle and not visibly curved. The scutellum is very
minutely punctured, and each elytron bears five deep, equi-
distant, dorsal striz. The striz are finely punctured and
the interstices smooth and convex. The pygidium is convex
and rather coarsely transversely strigose. The mesosternal
process is moderately long and slender, not flattened. The
tibize are stout and the two teeth of the front tibia short and
close together.

6. The front tibisee are very broad and the two teeth
minute and sharp.

?. The terminal tooth of the front tibia is blunt and
spatulate and the hind tarsi are very short and thick.

Length 13-14 mm. ; breadth 8 mm.

Hab. ASSAM,

A pair in the British Museum and one in the Oxford
Museum (from the Miers Coll.) are labelled “ India” alone,
and one in the German Entom, Nat. Museum is said to have
come from Assam.

Popillia levistriata, sp, n.

Flavo-nea, capite postice, pronoti disco, scutelloque obscure viridi-
bus: elongata, parum convexa, nitidissima; clypeo subtiliter
ruguloso, fronte modice punctato; pronoto parce et minute punc-
tato, postice levi, lateribus medio angulatis, angulis omnibus
distinctis, anticis acutissimis, basi medio profunde exciso; elytris
striis 5 dorsalibus minute punctatis leviter impressis, intervallis
fere planis ; pygidio transversim ruguloso, basi maculis duabus
grossis setosis ornato ; abdominis segmentis lateraliter transversim
bisectis et biseriatim setosis ; mesosterno modice producto, fere
acuto,

Reddish testaceous, suffused (except upon the elytra) with
a metallic-green lustre, the head (except the clypeus), the
pronotum and scutellum deep green, the former with rather
broad but vaguely defined yellow margins. It is rather
elongate and extremely smooth and shining. The clypeus is
very minutely rugulose and the forehead rather closely punc-
tured. The pronotum is very minutely punctured at the
front and sides, the lateral margins are sharply angulated in
the middle, the front angles very acute, the hind angles

Lamelicorn Genus Popillia. 43

slightly obtuse but not rounded, and the base strongly excised
before the scutellum, which bears only a few minute punc-
tures. Hach elytron bears five equidistant punctured strix,
which are lightly impressed, with the intervals scarcely con-
vex. The pygidium is coarsely transversely rugose and bears
two rather large compact patches of whitish hairs at the base.
‘he ventral segments are divided laterally by median carine,
and each bears a double fringe of stiff hairs. The meso-
sternum is produced into a moderately long and acute process.

6. The legs are very short and thick, and the front tibia
bears two very minute sharp teeth placed close together at
the extremity.

Length 11 mm.; breadth 6 mm.

Hab. Assam: Patkai Hills (Doherty).

I know only a single specimen (in the British Museum).

Popillia mongolica, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Testacea, capite toto, pronoto (lateribus vage flavis exceptis), scutello
corporeque subtus obscure virldibus, corpore toto viridi-metallico-
suffuso, elytris plus minusve fusco-lineatis: late ovata, convexa,
supra nitida, clypeo subtiliter ruguloso, fronte cum vertice crebre
punctatis ; pronoto et scutello parce et minute punctulatis, illo
postice medio levigato, hoc apice acute angulato; elytris pro-
funde striatis, striis dorsalibus 5 crebre et minute punctatis ;
pygidio grosse transverse strigato, basi maculis duabus grossis
setosis ornato ; abdominis segmentis lateraliter transversim bi-
sectis et biseriatim setosis ; mesosterno modice producto.

P. mongolica is the most stout and globose species of the
group known to me. The prothorax is very convex and
round, smooth and shining, with a generally broad but rather
vaguely limited pale lateral border. As in P. marginicollis
and birmanica, the elytral striz are usually more or less
tinged with dark pigment, which may extend on to some of
the intervals. ‘he pygidium is decorated with two large
tufts of white hair, and the abdominal segments are distinctly
doubly fringed at the sides. ‘he mesosternal process is of
moderate length.

Length 11-12 mm.; breadth 7-7-5 mm.

Hab, CHINA: Hong Kong, Foh-kien.

Popillia birmanica, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)
Rufo-testacea, fronte, prothoracis medio, scutello corporeque subtus
plus minusve viridi-eneis, pedibus pallidis, elytris plerumque
tusco-lineatis, corpore toto, elytrisexceptis, viridi-metallico-tincto ;

Ad _ Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

sat elongato, parum conyexo, clypeo subtiliter ruguloso, fronte
crebre punctato, pronoto parce minute punctato, postice levigato :
scutello fere levi, apice rotundato; elytris striis dorsalibus 5
profunde impressis, confluenter punctatis, interstitiis convexis ;
pygidio grosse transversim strigato, basi maculis duabus grossis
setosis lineisque setarum lateralibus fere ad apicem ductis ornato ;
segmentis abdominalibus lateraliter transversim bisectis et bi-
seriatim setosis ; mesosterno modice producto.

Reddish testaceous, with the head (except the clypeus),
the middle of the pronotum, the scutellum, and parts of the
lower surface dark green, entirely suffused with a metallic-
green lustre, except upon the elytra, which have usually
more or less distinct longitudinal dark lines.

It is elongate in shape and not very convex. The clypeus
is very minutely rugulose and the rest of the head distinctly
punctured. The pronotum is very finely and sparingly
punctured, with the middle of the basal part quite smooth.
The scutellum bears a few very minute punctures and its
apex is rounded. ‘The elytra have each five very deep equi-
distant dorsal striae bearing confluent punctures at the
bottom, and the intervals are smooth and convex. The
pygidium is coarsely transversely striolated and bears two
large white hairy patches at the base and a line of irregular
hairs on each side almost meeting at the apex. ‘The ventral
segments are divided by transverse carinze at the sides and
doubly fringed. ‘The mesosternum is moderately produced.

Length 9-12°5 mm.; breadth 5-7 mm.

Hab. Assam: Sylhet, Patkai Mts., Cachar; Burma:
Momeit (Doherty) ; TENASSERIM: Papun (Lt.-Col. Adamson).

Popillia taiwana, sp. n. (Fig. 6.)

Rufo-castanea, capite (clypeo excepto), pronoti disco, scutello cor-
poreque subtus fusco-viridibus, corpore toto (elytris exceptis)
viridi-metallico suffuso ; capite antice minutissime rugoso, postice
fortiter punctato; pronoto convexo, antice et lateraliter laxe
punctato, postice levi, lateribus antrorsum a basi convergentibus,
angulis distinctis, anticis acutissimis, baseos medio fortiter exciso,
scutello minute punctato, apice rotundato; elytris striis 5 dor-
salibus profunde impressis, minute punctatis; pygidio fortiter
transversim punctato-striolato, basi maculis duabus grossis setosis
ornato; abdominis segmentis lateraliter transversim bisectis,
biseriatim setiferis ; mesosterno paulo producto, haud acuto.

This is a compact convex species, with the posterior part
of the head, the dise of the pronotum, and the scutellum very
deep green, and the yellow margins of the pronotum con-

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 45

spicuous and sharply defined. It is only moderately shining
above, the pronotum is finely punctured except behind, and
the scutellum is broad and rounded, not angulate, at the
apex. The mesosternum is produced into a short blunt
process, and the sides of the abdominal segments bear double
rows of short stiff hairs.

Length 10-11 mm.; breadth 6 mm.

fab. Formosa (Bowring). f

Popillia lewisi, sp. n.

Viridi-cuprea, elytris prothoracisque marginibus angustis, testaceis,
levissime metallescentibus, tarsis antennisque piceis: modice
elongata, parum convexa, nitidissima, capite subtiliter dense
rugoso, vertice polito, parce punctato, clypeo parvo, sutura obso-
leta ; pronoto a basi ad apicem angustato, antice et lateraliter sat
fortiter punctato, postice medio levissimo, basi medio parum
profunde exciso ; scutello vix punctato ; elytris striis 5 dorsalibus
profunde impressis, his minute punctatis, stria sexta grosse punc-
tata, antice abbreviata, reliquis grosse punctatis ; pygidio grosse
transversim rugato, utrinque macula ?-forma flavo-pilosa ad
apicem fere conjuncta, ornato; processu mesosternali brevi,
compresso, corpore subtus ad latera flavido-piloso, abdomiuis
segmentis lateraliter transversim bisectis, biseriatim pilosis.

This is the third species of Popillia found in the Japanese
Islands and the smallest and most distinct of the three, P. ja-
ponica, Newm., and ¢dnsu/arts, Lewis, being nearly inter-
related and having an additional dorsal stria. P. lewis? is
easily distinguished from the rest of the marginicollis group
by the form of the long, curved, pubescent patches upon the
pygidium. In most of the species there are a few straggling
hairs between the basal tufts and the apex of the pygidium,
but here the hairs are almost equally dense trom the base
almost to the apex, forming a comma-like patch on each side.
The sternal process is distinctly produced, but very broad
and blunt, and the pronotum is rather long, with its sides
convergent and only very feebly angulated in the middle.

Two male specimens have been found and presented to the
British Museum by Mr. J. E. A. Lewis.

Length 9 mm.; breadth 5 mm.

Hab, Okinawa I. (Great Loo Choo).

Popilha formosana, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

/Eneo-castanea, capite, pronoto, scutello corporeque subtus obscure
viridibus, elytris testaceis, haud metallicis, clypeo antico pro-
notique lateribus angustis plerumque testaceis, tarsis antennisque

46 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

rubris, femoribus tibiisque aut viridibus aut pallidis; sat brevis
et convexa, clypeo minute rugoso, sutura recta, vertice irregu-
lariter grosse punctato; pronoto brevi, convexo, subtiliter irregu-
lariter punctato, lateribus medio fortiter angulatis ; scutello paulo
punctato; elytris striis 5 dorsalibus profundissime impressis et
crebre punctatis, reliquis grosse punctatis, sexta antice abbre-
viata; pygidio fortiter transversim strigato, basi maculis 2 grossis
setosis ornato; mesosterno antice verticali, recte angulato ;
corpore subtus ad latera sat longe griseo-piloso, abdominis
segmentis lateraliter transversim bisectis, longe vix biseriatim
pilosis.

This is a small species of rather elongate form, with the
shoulders rather prominent, the dorsal striz extremely deep
and strong, and the intervals very convex. ‘he pronotum
is very distinctly punctured and deeply emarginate in front
of the scutellum; the hairy patches on the pygidium are
remote and not produced towards the apex, and the meso-
sternum is truncate squarely in front and not produced. ‘The
hairy clothing of the lower surface is long and shaggy, but
not thick.

Length 8 mm.; breadth 4°5 mm.

Hab. Formosa: Tai-nan.

In my paper on the Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon (Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii. 1911, p. 354), I pointed out that,
contrary to the opinion previously held, only a small propor-
tion of the Ceylonese Ruteline occurred also on the Indian
mainland; but amongst this small number of species common
to both I included the only species of Popillia found in
Ceylon, following Kraatz and Ohaus, both of whom had
made special studies of this insect and its varieties. Later
investigation has shown that this species is no exception, but
that the Indian forms determined by those authors as
belonging to it are really distinct. The Ceylon insect must
be called P. discalis, Walk., that being the oldest of the
names bestowed upon it, for complanata, Newm., the name by
which it has been known, belongs to a mainland form (the
type is a female) superficially like it, but structurally
different.

Identical colour-phases recur through a series of different
species in this group, so that description of the colours alone,
as has been thought sufficient hitherto, is quite valueless.
Specimens from Southern India submitted to Dr. Kraatz
by Mr. H. E. Andrewes and to Dr. Ohaus by myself have
been determined by them as belonging to the numerous
colour-phases of the so-called P. complanata, showing that

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 47

the varietal names were applied not to definite natural forms,
but to similarly coloured phases of various species collectively.

It is essential that descriptions should include the dis-
tinctive male characters, the females of various species of
this group, which is distinguished by the border of white
hairs on each side of the pronotum, being extremely similar,
while the males fall into two divisions. In that to which
the Ceylonese P. discalis, with lucida, chlorion, adamas, &c.,
belong, the longer middle claw is entire, while in P. com-
planata and other species it is cleft.

Five species of the group hitherto unrecognized are here
described. Like all its other known members, they are
Indian, and will be tabulated in my volume in the ‘ Fauna of
British India.’

Popillia propingua, sp.n. (Fig. 15.)

Cuprea vel fusco-cenea, supra nitidissima, elytris testaceis: breviter
ovata, clypeo et fronte dense rugosis, pronoto antice et lateraliter
levissime punctato, lateribus sat dense albo-setosis ; scutello fere
levi; singulis elytris dorsaliter transverse impressis et 5-striatis,
striis punctatis, interstitio subsuturali lato, antice fortiter lineato-
punctato ; pygidio grosse punctato, maculis magnis 2 albo-pilosis
basi ornato ; mesosterno compresso, curvato, acuto,

Deep metallic green or coppery above and beneath, with
the elytra alone testaceous ; shortly ovate and very shining
above. ‘The clypeus and forehead are densely rugose and the
vertex strongly punctured. The pronotum is very shining,
minutely punctured at the front and sides, with a close fringe
of white setze on each side. The scutellum is almost smooth.
The elytra have each a distinct transverse impression before
the middle and five punctured dorsal strie, the subsutural
interval being broad and bearing a row of strong punctures
anteriorly. ‘The pygidium is coarsely punctured and has two
large, round, setose patches at the base and numerous scat-
tered setee towards the apex. The mesosternal process is
strongly curved and sharp-pointed.

3. The inner front claw is broad, but scarcely angulated,
and the outer claw of the middle tarsus is entire.

Length 8°5-10 mm.; breadth 5-6°5 mm.

Hab. 8. Inp1a: Travancore (G. S. Imray).

This has the closest resemblance to P. discalis and com-
planata, but, with the exception of the elytra, it is uniformly
dark in colour, the legs, clypeus, and sides of the pronotum
being apparently always without the pale colouring which
usually tinges them in the other two species. The fovex

48 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

before the middle of the elytra are deeper and the mesosternal
process is more pointed. The male is immediately distin-
guishable from that of P. complanata by the fact that the
outer claw of the middle tarsus is not cleft. The zdeagus of
the male P. propingua is represented at fig. 15, and that of
P. complanata at fig. 12.

Popillia pulchripes, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)
P. complanata, var. viridipennis, Kr. Deutsche ent. Zeitschr, 1892,
p. 268.
P. complanata, vax. testaceipes, Oh. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1897, p. 345.
Metallico-viridis, cyanea vel cuprea, prothoracis lateribus (anguste)
pedibusque pallide flavis, sed tibiarum posticarum apice et tarsis
posticis nigris : elongato-ovalis, convexa, nitida, prothoracis lateri-
bus parce albido-setosis, pygidio maculis duabus haud magnis sed
compactis basi ornato; clypeo rugoso, fronte erebre punctato ;
pronoto parce et minute punctato; scutello fere impunctato ;
singulis elytris fovea post scutellum striisque 5 dorsalibus punctatis
profunde impressis, intervallo subsuturali modice lato, antice
paulo punctato; pygidio grosse transverse striolato; processu
mesosternali compresso, curvato, subacuto.

Uniform metallic green, blue or coppery above and beneath,
with the extreme lateral edge of the prothorax and the legs
bright orange, except the hind tarsi and the extremity of the
hind tibie, which are almost black. The extremity of the
abdomen is often orange also.

Rather elongate-oval in shape, very smooth and shining,
with a scanty fringe of greyish hairs at the sides of the pro-
notum, a small but compact tuft on each side of the base of
the pygidium, and a thin clothing at the sides of the body
beneath. The clypeus is rugosely, and the forehead closely,
punctured, the pronotum very finely and scantily (except near
the sides) and the scutellum almost smooth. The elytra have
each a deep transverse impression behind the scutellum and
five strongly impressed and punctured strix, and the intervals
are convex, the second not much wider than the third and
bearing only a few punctures. The pygidium is coarsely
transversely puuctured, and the mesosternal process is com-
pressed, strongly curved, and not very blunt.

g. The front tibia is armed with two short sharp teeth,
the lower lobe of the inner front claw is not angulated, and
the longer claw of the middle foot is not cleft.

Length 10-12 mm. ; breadth 6—7 mm.

Hab. 8. Inpia: Nilgini Hills.

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 49

Taken in some numbers by Mr. H, L. Andrewes and
Sir G. Hampson.

I have explained in my preliminary remarks why the
names applied as varietal names to this and other forms
described here cannot be retained.

Popillia evimia, sp.n. (Fig. 14.)

Supra omnino lete viridis: subtus cuprea, ovalis, sat convexa, nitida,
clypeo rugoso, fronte crebre punctato, pronoto antice et lateraliter
minute punctato, postice levi, lateribus setis albidis sat anguste
marginatis, scutello lato, levi, haud angulato; singulis elytris
fovea profunda pone scutellum striisque 5 dorsalibus profundis
punctatis impressis, intervallo subsuturali haud lato, impunctato ;
pygidio grosse transverse punctato, basi utrinque macula haud
magna albo-setosa ornato; processu mesosternali modice longo,
curvato, compresso,

Bright green above and coppery beneath, with a close but
narrow margin of white setz on each side of the pronotum
and a small compact patch on each side of the pygidium.

It is oval and moderately convex in shape and very smooth
and shining above. The clypeus is rugose, the forehead
densely punctured, the pronotum finely and scantily punc-
tured at the front and sides, and the scutellum almost un-
punctured. The last is broad and rounded at theapex. The
elytra have each a very large and deep impression behind
the scutellum and five deep dorsal striae, which are distinctly
punctured. The subsutural interval is scarcely wider than
the next and almost unpunctured. The pygidium is coarsely
transversely punctured, and the mesosternal process is mode-
rately long, compressed, curved, and pointed.

3. The two teeth of the front tibia are minute and sharp,
the lower iobe of the inner front claw is not angulated nor
very wide, and the longer claw of the middle feet is simple.

Length 11°5 mm.; breadth 7 mm.

Hab. 8. Invia: Nilgiri Hills (G. 7. Hampson).

Asingle ¢ specimen.

Popillia clara, sp. n.

Viridis vel igneo-rufa, pronoti margine parcissime griseo-hirto
pygidioque utrinque fasciculo minuto ornato: ovalis, glabra,
nitida, clypeo rugoso, fronte crebre punctato, prothorace late-
raliter parce punctato ; scutello levi; elytris sat vage punctato-
striatis; pygidio grosse strigato; processu mesosternali compresso,
obtuso, fere recto.

Bright metallic green or fiery red above and beneath, or
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 4

50 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

with the upper surface, or the elytra only, fiery red; very
smooth and shining.

The body is compactly ovate and moderately convex. The
clypeus is rugose, short, with its front edge almost straight,
and the forehead is closely punctured. The pronotum is very
smooth and shining, with a few fine punctures near the front
and sides, and the lateral grooves are deep and contain a very
few inconspicuous whitish hairs. The scutellum is almost
unpunctured and scarcely angulated at the apex. The elytra
have each a distinct transverse impression before the middle
and five lightly impressed and punctured dorsal striz, the
first, third, and fifth intervals being slightly convex, and the
Second broad and irregularly punctured along the middle.
The pygidium is transversely strigose and ‘bears a very
minute tuft of outstanding whitish hairs on each side of the
base and some scattered hairs towards the apex. The meso-
sternal process is moderately long, compressed, blunt, and
nearly straight. The sides of the sternum and abdomen are
clothed with long but not close hair.

3. The front tibia is very broad and armed with two
short but sharp teeth, the lower lobe of the inner front claw
is angulated near the base, and the outer middle claw is cleft
at the tip. The pygidium is smoother, shorter, and more
inclined than in the female, and slightly protuberant at the
extremity.

@. The terminal tooth of the front tibia is long, curved,
and blunt.

Length 9-12 mm.; breadth 5°5-7 mm.

Hab. S. Invi: Nilgiri Hills (77. L. Andrewes), Pondi-
chery.

Mr. Andrewes took this species in considerable numbers.

Popillia schizonycha, sp.n. (Fig. 11.)

Haud lete viridis, viridi-aurea vel cuprea,elytris sepe magis obscure
viridibus, nigro-cyaneis vel rufescentibus, marginibus plus minusve
infuseatis, clypeo, pedibus, abdominisque apice plerumque obscure
rufis: corpus sat latum, robustum, supra nitidum; clypeo rugose
punctato, fronte crebre punctato, scutello pronotoque antice et
lateraliter minute et parce punctato, horum lateribus setis albidis
modice late marginatis; singulis elytris fovea transversa post
scutellum striisque 5 dorsalibus punctatis profunde impressis ;
pygidio grosse transversim striolato, basi maculis duabus setosis

magnis rotundatis ornato ; processu mesosternali longo, compresso,
obtuso.

Deep green, golden-green, or coppery, with the elytra
generally darker green or blue-black, but sometimes reddish

Y

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 51

with a metallic-green suffusion and the sides more or less
dark. The clypeus, legs, and extremity of the abdomen are
sometimes also of a deep red colour.

It is a broad and massive insect, smooth and shining, and
moderately convex above. The sides of the pronotum are
conspicuously bordered with white hairs, the pygidium bears
a pair of large round hair-patches at the base, and the lower
surface is rather thickly clothed at the sides with similar
white hairs. The clypeus is rugosely punctured, tie fore-
head densely, and the scutellum and front and sides of the
pronotum very finely and sparsely. The elytra have each a
deep fovea behind the scutellum and five deeply impressed
and punctured dorsal striz. The subsutural interval is broad
and has an irregular line of large punctures along the middle.
The pygidium is coarsely transversely striolated, and the
mesosternal process is strongly compressed and rounded at
the extremity.

3. The two teeth of the front tibia are short and sharp,
the inner front claw has a broad angulated lower lobe, and
the outer middle claw is cleft at the tip.

Length 11-12°5 mm. ; breadth 6°5-7°5 mm.

Hab. 8. InpIA: Bangalore, Nilgiri Hills (H. Z. An-

drewes).

Three other Oriental species of Popillia, which have been
described in connection with a volume in preparation for the
‘Fauna of British India’ series, may be conveniently
included here :—

Popiliia pilosa, sp. n.

Golden or coppery green, with the lower surface and legs
darker coppery green, and the elytra testaceous, with a
metallic sheen, and with the outer edges coppery black. The
body is ovate and a little depressed. The clypeus is rugose
and short, with the front margin feebly rounded and slightly
reflexed. The forehead is rugosely punctured and clothed
with long, erect, yellow hairs, and the vertex strongly and
distinctly punctured. The pronotum is coarsely punctured,
the punctures becoming confluent near the sides, and is also
clothed with long but not close yellow hairs. The lateral
margins are scarcely curved, angulated before the middle,
with the front and hind angles sharp, the former produced,
the latter right angles. The scutellum bears a few unequal
punctures, and each elytron bears seven nearly equidistant
dorsal punctured striae, the second and fifth less impressed
than the rest and abbreviated behind. There is no abrupt

4

52 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

lateral flange. The pygidium is punctured and bears two
basal tufts of yellow hairs. The lower surface is clothed,
except along the middle line of the abdomen, with long
yellowish hair, and the mesosternal process is short and
vertical in front.

3. The inner front claw has the lower lobe very broad
and angulate near the base, the two teeth of the front tibia
are short and sharp, and the hind tarsi are rather longer and
slenderer than those of the female.

Length 7°5-8'5 mm.; breadth 4°5 mm.

Hab. WersterN Hrmanayas: Dehra Dun; Kumaon;
Lansdown Garhwal (A. G. Lyell, June 1909).

Popillia simlana, sp. n.

Golden or coppery green, with the legs and lower surface
dark coppery and the elytra testaceous, with a metallic suffu-
sion and the extreme lateral margins coppery black. The
body is ovate and a little depressed. The clypeus is con-
fluently punctured, broad, with the front margin nearly
straight and strongly reflexed. The forehead is rugosely
punctured and thinly clothed with erect yellow hairs. The
pronotum is very strongly punctured, the punctures becoming
confluent near the lateral margins, which are scarcely curved,
angulated near the middle, with the front angles acute and
the hind angles obtuse. The whole surface is thinly clothed
with erect yellowish hairs. The scutellum bears only a few
fine punctures and the elytra have each five complete punc-
tured dorsal striae, the second interval very wide and bearing
many large irregular punctures, and the fourth having a few
punctures forming an imperfect row along the middle. The
pygidium bears coarse and not close transverse striol, and is
decorated at the base with two tufts of greyish hairs. The
lower surface and legs are similarly clothed with long, but
not close, grey hairs, except at the middle of the abdomen.
The mesosternal process is vertical in front and not produced
beyond the front coxe., ;

gd. The inner front claw has the lower lobe very broad,
the front tibia is armed with two short and sharp teeth, and
the hind tarsi are rather longer and slenderer than in the
female.

Length 8-9 mm. ; breadth 4-5 mm.

Hab. PunsaB: Simla (7000 feet—H. Chippendale, June
1909) ; Nepau: Khatmandu (Col. Manners Smith, June
1909).

This species exactly resembles P. pilosa, but is easily

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 53

distinguished by the broad reflexed clypeus. The elytral
sculpture is also slightly different.

Popillia amabilis, sp. n.

Viridi-aurea vel cuprea, elytris, pedibus 4 anterioribus femoribusque -
posticis flavis, sneo-tinctis, tarsis posticis obscuris: elongato-
ovalis, haud convexa, clypeo parvo, rugoso, fronte pronotoque
crebre et grosse punctatis, horum basi levigato, lateribusque
rugatis; scutello parum punctato, elytris lineis 7 dorsalibus
fortiter punctatis, lateribus abrupte deplanatis ; pygidio maculis
2 magnis flavo-setosis fere conjunctis ornato; processu meso-

sternali valido, compresso, apice rotundato.

Rich golden-green, the elytra, front and middle legs and
hind femora pale yellow with a metallic-green lustre, the
lower surface, pygidium, and hind tibie generally reddish
golden, and the hind tarsi dark brown.

It is elongate in shape and not very convex above. The
pygidium bears two large patches of yellow setz extending
almost across it at the base, but scarcely meeting in the
middle, the apex bears similar scattered sete, and the lower
surface is rather closely clothed at the sides. The clypeus is
very short and rugose, the forehead strongly and densely
punctured, and the pronotum coarsely and densely punctured
except before the scutellum, the punctures coalescing near
the sides. The scutellum bears only a very few punctures,
and the elytra have seven dorsal rows of strongly impressed
and punctured lines, the second line rather irregular and
disrupted at the base. The sutural space is broad and tapers
considerably at each end. There is a narrow but abrupt
lateral flange at the external margin. The pygidium is
scantily punctured and shining along the middle. The
mesosternal process is strong, compressed, broad, and bluntly
rounded at the end.

3. The legs are stout, the front tibia armed with two
short sharp teeth near the end, the lower lobe of the inner
front claw is angulated near the base and the longer claw of
the middle foot entire,

I do not know the female.

Length 9-10 mm. ; breadth 5-6 mm.

flab. ASSAM: Manipur, Naga Hills (Doherty).

This ‘species is very close to P. difficilis, Newm., but in
that the pronotum is much less strongly punctured and the
lateral flanges to the elytra are absent.

The types of all the species here described as new are in
the British Museum. ~

o4 On the Lamellicorn Genus Popillia.
| ' | | 2 | U

4 | \ 5 ] \ | | ae

10 | | un : it ) |

| 12 | 7 | oe | Se
The following is the explanation of the accompanying

diagrammatic figures of the edeagus of the male of species
referred to this paper :—

Fig. 1. Popillia marginicollis. Fig. 9. Popillia lucida. .
Fig. 2. oy afl Fig. 10. 5» pulchripes.
Fig. 3. yy _ birmanica. Fig. 11. » schizonycha,
Fig. 4. 4 andamanica. Fig. 12. » complanata.
Fig. 5. 55 mongolica, Fig. 13. » dscalis.
Fig. 6. yy tavwana, Fig. 14. » evtmia,
Fig. 4 » formosana. Fig, 15. 9 ~~ propinqua.

» adamas.

or
or

Mr. F. W. Edwards on Mycetophilid Synonymy.

I1I.—Some Mycetophilid Synonymy (Diptera).
By F. W. Epwanps,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE synonymy given in the following notes has been deter-
mined during a recent examination of the exotic Mycero-
PHILID& in the British Museum, particularly the species
described from the Seychelles Islands by Enderlein (Trans.
Linn. Soce., Zool. ser. 2, vol. 14, 1910, pp. 59-81).

Of Enderlein’s species referred to, Scottella argenteo-
squamosa is the species previously described by Meijere from
Java as Allactoneura cincta. As Brunetti has pointed out
(Fauna Brit. Ind., Nematocera, p. 88, 1912), de Meijere, in
his figure and description, has accidentally omitted any
reference to the small cross-vein which probably represents
the vein Ro;3, the presence of which indicates, as Johannsen
has suggested, that this genus belongs to the Sciophiline.
The British Museum possesses undoubted specimens of
A. cincta from Ceylon, and ‘these differ in no way from the
Seychelles specimens. ‘The genus Aldlactoneura is a re-
markably isolated one; it will include, besides the type
species, Scottella formosana, End. (Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv.
p- 63, 1910), and Mycetophila obscurata, Walk. (Proc. Linn,
Soc. vol. vii. p. 130, 1865). The former is distinguishable
by the yellow base to the hind femora; the latter has black
femora, but has the costal border instead of the apex of the
wing darkened. ‘Two specimens in the British Museum from
Queensland have wings resembling A, obscurata, but have
the base of the hind femora yellow ; they may be A. formo-
sana, the wings of which Enderlein does not describe,

Aphanizophleps, Knd., would seem to be indistinguishable
from Manota, Will.

Phronia flavellipennis, End., P. silhouettensis, End.,
P. areolata, End., and P. subvenosa, End., are in reality all
species of Hwechia. ‘The very diferent structure of the
ovipositor shows that P. subvenosa, var. tricincta, is a distinct
species; it also belongs to Lxechia. Macrobrachius brevi-
Jurcatus, though having the cubital fork rather shorter than
usual, is a distinct Phronta.

Mycetophila seychellensis, Eind., collar’s, End., and lurtdi-
ceps, Hnd., all belong to the genus Delopsis, Skuse. This
transference renders invalid Brunetti’s Delopsis collarts
(Fauna Brit. Ind. p. 119, 1912), and I propose to rename
this species DELOPSIS BRUNETTI, nom. nov. L. brunetti¢

56 Mr. K. G. Blair on some new

differs from the other four described species in having a
yellow scutellum. It may be mentioned that in none of the
species (including D. flavipennis, Skuse, a specimen of which
IT have examined) does the anal vein quite reach the hind
margin. In an undescribed species in the British Museum
from Ashanti, the costa extends slightly beyond the tip of
the radial sector.

The following Walkerian types in the British Museum are
assignable to different genera from those in which they were
originally described :—

Platyura insolita belongs to Symmerus (but Sc, is rather long,
ending free).
Leia unicolor pa Mycomyia (s. str.).
yy indivisa 9 Mycomyia (Neoempheria).
yy nubilipennis 9 Acrodicrania (but Cu, is not detached
at base).
Mycetophila apicalis os ge tN (=B. longicauda, Lundstr.,
1912).
7 cincticornis . Boletina (= B. nigricora, Staeg.,

Lundstr.; hypopygium identical,
but has yellow coxe).

. concolor - Boletina (= B. sciarina, Mg.).
o despecta a Phronia.

bs plebeia <- Exechia.

s bifasciata ; Dynatosoma.

1V.—Some new Species of Indian Tenebrionide.
By K. G. Brarr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Blaps armata.

Elongata, prothorace leviter transverso, lateribus regulariter arcu-
atis, marginibus reflexis, dorso convexiusculo subtiliter punctu-
lato ; elytris elongato-ovatis, apice sat acute rotundato haud
caudato; femoribus anticis ante apicem acute dentatis.

Long. 30 mm.

Hab. Chitral (R. Hill) ; Fort Sandeman (£. P. Stebbing).
This species, of which only the female is before me, seems
to be very distinct from any‘other described species, From
B. femoralis, Fisch., which has the anterior femora toothed,
it differs, enter alia, in being only half as long and in in-
habiting a different region ; it cannot be placed in Asidoblaps

Species of Indian Tenebrionide. 57

or Celocnemodes, but its general facies suggests a close
relationship with Slaps tndicola, Bates, though, without
some knowledge of the male characters, it is impossible to
speak with certainty. The evenly rounded and narrowly
recurved margins of the thorax, the elongate-ovate form of
the elytra, with the sides evenly rounded trom base almost to
apex (which, though acute, is not at all caudate), give the
insect a very distinctive appearance. The lateral carina of
the elytra is completely marginal.

Setents semiopaca.

Nigra aut picea, subopaca, sutura clypeali subobsoleta, prothorace
post apicem latiori, angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis acutis fere
rectis, dorso sat regulariter punctato, foveis et linea media obso-
letis; elytris postice ampliatis sat subtiliter punctato-striatis,
intervallis planis, parte dorsali subnitida, postice et ad lateres
per granulos minutos opacis ; tibiis anticis et mediis maris leviter

arcuatis, femine rectis.

Long. 20-25 mm.

Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.); Subatach, Jaunsaur, N.W.
Himalaya (Stebding).

This species must be very close to S. parvicollis, Fairm.,
though the thorax is but feebly transverse and has its greatest
width shortly before the apex. The disc is convex, with a
fairly dense and even puncturation and but faint traces of a
median furrow and lateral foveze. The elytral strie are very
slightly impressed and finely punctate, the interstices flat.
The dorsal area is moderately shining, but the sides and
posterior declivity are rendered opaque by the presence of
minute granules. The femora are unarmed, the anterior and
middle tibiz of the male slightly curved, the apex clothed
within with a short golden pubescence.

Setenis semivalga.

Oblonga, nigra, seminitida, sutura clypeali distincta ; antennis longi-
usculis, articulis omnibus elongatis ; prothorace transverso, angu-
lis anticis rotundatis, posticis acute rectis, dorso sat parce punctu-
lato, medio sat distincte sulcato utrinque leviter foveolato ; elytris
punctato-striatis, intervallis convexis; tibiis anticis maris medio
incrassatis, subdentatis, arcuatis, apice auro-pubescentibus, ceteris
et femine omnibus leviter sinuatis,

Long. 25-27 mm.

Hab. Ceylon (Bates Coll.) ; Kudrai, Central Prov. (Sted-
bing).

58 Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne on a

Resembles S. valga, Wied., but the thorax is less trans-
verse, with the sides subparallel, the median furrow entire,
and the surface rather scantily and not strongly punctate.
The striz of the elytra are rather coarsely punctured, with
the interstices convex. ‘I'he anterior tibize in the male are
thickened and subdentate in the middle; in valga the tooth
is more pronounced and much nearer the femur; the distal
portion is arcuate and clothed with a short golden pubescence
at the apex. From 8S. confusa, Fairm., it is at once distin-
guished by the length of the antennee, which reach almost to
the base of the thorax, having all the joints longer than

broad.

Camarimena rugosistriata.

Elongata, subparallela, fusco-znea, nitida, corpore omnino sat parce
supra inconspicue sericeo-pubescenti, capite prothoraceque dense
sat fortiter punctatis, elytrorum striis dense rugoso-punctatis,
intervallis parce et subtiliter punctulatis, sulculis transversis
lateribus irregulariter rugatis; subtus pedibusque fusco-zneis,
dense punctatis, femoribus anticis clavatis, ceteris vix incrassatis.

Long. 18 mm.

Hab. “Ind. or.”’ (Bates Coll.) ; Kunain, Jaunsaur, N.W.
Himalaya (Stebbing).

Entirely bronze-coloured and covered with a scanty incon-
spicuous silky pubescence. ‘lhe sculpture of the elytra is
very distinct, the punctures of the strize being very closely
placed and transversely elongate, giving off irregularly a
short furrow which encroaches on the interstice, now on one
side now on the other; the intervals are nitid and sparsely
punctulate. The legs are densely punctured, with the
femora but feebly clavate, those of the anterior legs being
most strongly so.

‘his species had been separated by Bates from Camart-
mena under the name of Pigeus, but without characterization
of the genus. For the present, however, until the group
comes to be revised, 1 consider it best to leave i¢ in Camari-
mena.

V.—On a new Species of Clementia.
By A. J. Jukes-Browng, F.R.S., F.G.S.

[Plate I.]

THE shell which forms the subject of this communication is
one of two specimens which were purchased by Mr. J. C.
Melvill at the recent sale of Mr. Bulow’s collection. They

new Species of Clementia. 59

were included in a small set of different species of Caryatis
(= Pitaria), and were accompanied by a ticket bearing the
inscription “ Caryatis aresta, Dall and Simpson, Mayaguez,
Porto Rico.” Knowing that I was then making a study of
the genus Pitaria, Mr. Melvill very kindly sent me one of
these shells, together with some of the other species, for
examination, which revealed the fact that the supposed
** Pituria aresta”’ did not belong to that species or genus,
but were a form of Clementia.

So far as external appearance is concerned, the shell does
closely resemble P. aresta as figured and described by
Messrs. Dall and Simpson, and Porto Rico is the locality
from which that species was obtained. Both are inflated
shells of a dull white colour, with fine concentric striation,
obliquely oblong in shape, with rather prominent umbones
set far forward, so that there is a short anterior and a very long
posterior slope. But the hinge of the shell hereafter described
is very different from that of Pitaria, being without any
lateral teeth, and having a deep triangular concavity in front
of each anterior cardinal.

The special interest of this discovery lies in the fact that
all the known recent species of Clementia are inhabitants of
the Indian and Pacific Oceans, whereas this comes from the
Caribbean Sea. ‘There is no reason to doubt the accuracy of
the label, which appears to-be in the late Mr. Biilow’s hand-
writing, nor is there any reason to suppose that this label
had been interchanged with some other one, for none of the
other species in the set resemble P. aresta, while these two
shells might have been mistaken for that species by anyone
who did not critically examine them inside.

I have compared the specimen in my hands with the figures
and descriptions of all the known species of Clementia, and,
further, by the kindness of Mr. J. J. MacAndrew I have had
the opportunity of actually seeing specimens of most of the
species, and I find the shell in question to be different from
all of them. It is a stouter, stronger, and more chalky shell
than any of the recent species, so that the interior has a
smooth surface of its own, which is not the counterpart of
the exterior, as in most recent species.

The only modern species to which it bears any resemblance
is Clementia vatheleti, Mabille, from Korean waters. I am
indebted to Mr. G. K. Gude for sending me a copy of
Mabille’s description of this species, which was not accom-
panied by a figure *; from this Latin description C. vatheleti

* Bull, Soc, Philom, Paris, (8) iii. p. 57 (1901).

60 Mr, A. J. Jukes-Browne on a

seems to be similar in shape and equally oblique (‘‘ transverse
oblongo-ovata’’), but has several important points of difference,
being 1 regularly rounded in front and having a nearly straight
postero- -dorsal slope, while ventrally it is much deeper, so
that the ventral border is nearly a complete semicircle; the
shell is rather thin, so that the interior surface is undulating,
to correspond with the exterior; the pallial sinus is wide and
linguiform, passing beyond the middle of the shell (“ medium
longitudinis superante’’). There seem also to be some diffe-
rences in the position of the teeth.

The present species has also some resemblance to the figure
of Clementia gray?, Dall, a fossil from the Upper Oligocene
of Florida *. This is an oblong shell, described as ‘‘ convex,
rude, concentrically coarsely and irregularly striated,” so
that the external appearance is similar, but it is less oblique
and less elongate, and has a much deeper pallial sinus ;
moreover, Dr. ‘Dall states that the cardinal teeth are entire,
whereas in all the other species which I have examined the
right posterior cardinal is deeply bifid.

Dr. Dall has also described the single right valve of a
shell from the west coast of Mexico under the name of
Clementia solida ; but the dentition of this (as figured) T is
very unlike that of any other species of Clementia, and if the
shell does really belong to that genus, it will not compare
with the form under consideration.

I have not been able to ascertain how the Porto Rico shells
came into Mr. Biilow’s possession, but there seems to be no
doubt about their being a new species, and, as the obliquity
of shape and the forward position of the umbones are such
conspicuous features, I propose to give it the specific name
of obliqua. The following i is a description both in English and
Latin :—

Clementia obliqua, J.-Br.

Shell rather larger (59 x 44°5 mm.), fairly strong, not thin,
oblong-oblique, the umbones being so far forward that a
vertical from them cuts off four-fitths of the length ; anterior
side attenuated, owing to the upward slope of the ventral
margin (as in Pitarta obliquata) ; postero-dorsal slope long
and arcuate, posterior side broadly rounded and subtruncate.

Valves inflated, dull white, coarsely and irregularly con-
centrically striated, not undulated, though some of the

* Trans, Wagner Free. Inst. Sc. Philad. vol. iii. pl. xxxvii. fig. 12
(1900).
+ Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus, vol. xxvi. pl. xiv. fig. 4.

new Species of Clementia. 61

strisee are more prominent than others. Lunule cordate,
faintly circumscribed and nearly flat, but not impressed ;
escutcheon not defined, but its ligamental edges slightly
raised; ligament completely sunk, but conspicuous and
rather long.

Interior smooth, white, opaque; pallial sinus ascending,
angular, bounded by straight lines, not reaching to the middle
of the valve. Posterior adductor scar larger than the
anterior. Hinge-plate well developed and prolonged at each
end, with three cardinal teeth in each valve, the first in the
right being tall and prominent and the third deeply and
widely bifid; in the left the first and second are united at
the top, the third is distant, long, laminar, and highest at its
posterior end.

Testa paulo major (59 x 44 mm.), satis valida, haud tenui, oblonga,
obliquissima, umbonibus adeo provectis ut linea de vertice pen-
dens quatuor partes longitudinis a quinta desecat; latere antico
attenuato, propter marginis ventralis acclivitatem ; latere postico
lato et subtruncato, declivitate dorsali arcuata.

Valvis inflatis, albidis, striis concentricis densis irregularibus sculptis,
non undulatis, quanquam striz complures inter ceteras exstant.
Lunula cordata, linea indistincta circumscripta, fere plana sed non
impressa; area non definita, sed marginibus ligamentum contin-
gentibus elevatis ; ligamento elongato, profundato, sed per rimam
conspicuo.

Pagina interna albida, opaca; sinu pallii ascendente, lineis rectis
cincto, apice acuto, medio valve non porrigente. Vestigio mus-
culi posterioris quam anterioris majore. Lamina cardinali exserta
et utrimque producta, dentibus tribus cardinalibus munita, quorum
in valva dextra primus altus et prominens est, tertius late et
profunde bifidus; in valva sinistra dentibus primo et secundo
ad verticibus conjunctis, tertio longo, remoto, angusto, ad finem
posticam altiori.

Since the above was written, I have ascertained from
Dr. L. Germain that C. vatheleti has not yet been figured,
and he has been good enough to send me one of the types in
the Museum d’ Histoire Naturelle of Paris, in order that it
may be figured and compared with C. obliqua. I therefore
take this opportunity of describing C. vathe/eti in English.

Shell rather lagge (66x56 mm.), fairly strong, but not
quite so solid as C. obliqua, oblong-ovate, and almost sub-
quadrate, very oblique, with prominent umbones, which are
placed very far forward ; anterior side short and rounded,
ventral side expanded into a semicircular curve and sloping
up to meet the postero-dorsal border, so that the greatest
length of the shell is across the muscular scars ; postero-

62 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

dorsal margin slightly curved, but slope of the shell above
nearly straight.

Valves inflated, irregularly undulated, and finely striated,
the undulations being more regular and pronounced on the
umbonal areas. lLunule flattish, not defined; escutcheon
depressed and bordered by obscure ridges, which become
angular near the umbones. Ligament short, broad, and
conspicuous.

Interior surface undulating, white; pallial sinus wide,
ascending, angular, reaching a little beyond the middle of the
shell ; adductor scars superficial and not differing much in
size. Hinge-plate very short; teeth small and near together,
both posteriors long and thin, that of the right valve being
very narrow and not bifid, though it is grooved.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Figs. 1, 2. Clementia obliqua, J.-Br., right valve.
Figs. 3, 4. Clementia vatheleti, right valve.

VI.— Descriptions of new Species of African Heterocera tn the
Oxford Museum. By G. T. Betuune-Baker, F.L.S.,
F.Z.S.

Notodontide.

Stauropus dambe, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax chocolate-brown, with a large ad-
mixture of greenish rough scales. Primaries creamy grey,
thickly irrorated with green and dark red-brown scales; the
postmedian deeply crenulate line, more or less obscured, is
dark red-brown ; submarginal line dark red-brown, deeply
waved, prominent, and continued along the fold across the
middle of the cell and less distinctly along the costa ; this
somewhat unusual marking should serve to easily discrimi-
nate the species. Secondaries pale brown, with the usual
Stauropus apical mark.

Hxpanse 47 mm. ¢

Had. Damba Island, on the Equator in the Victoria
Nyanza, 20 miles south-east of Entebbe.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Dr. Carpenter found the larva on April 12th; it spun up
on the 14th of that month, and the imago emerged on
May 2nd following.

rk .

Species of African Heterocera. 63

Peratodonta bella, sp. n.

3d. Head and face tawny brown; collar prominent,
ochreous, broadly tipped with tawny brown; thorax purplish
grey, with patagia pinkish ; abdomen with dorsum pinkish
grey; ventral surface purplishe grey. Primaries with dark
linear costa, below which they are tawny brown, gradually
becoming paler and shading off into pale pinkish, and in
parts of the cell to cream-colour ; an oblique more or less
wedge-shaped patch of dark tawny brown occupies tlhe
terminal area, beginning ina fine line in the apex and getting
rapidly wider to vein 2; below vein 2 the whole of the inner
margin is pale tawny ash-colour; in the middle of the
terminal area is an irregular, pale bright olive-brown, tooth-
shaped mark extending shortly upwards towards the apex.
Secondaries uniform cream-colour.

?. Like the male, but without the sharp contrasts, the
colours being duller, more uniform, the terminal area being
pinkish rather than tawny, whilst the secondaries are darkish
brownish grey; the last segment of the abdomen has a pale
ash-grey tuft.

Expanse, ¢ 38, ? 49 mm.

Hab. Oni, 70 miles E. of Lagos.

Types in the Oxford Museum.

Male taken by W. A. Lamborn in the verandah of his
house at Oni Camp, 4 P.m., Sept. 9, 1911; the female at
3 P.M. on Sept. 10. A second male was taken in the same
position at 4 P.M. on Sept. 9. Mr. Lamborn is confident
that all three specimens had emerged from the pup of
captured larve that had escaped. Mr. Lamborn also captured
a third male at rest on the upperside of a leaf in the forest,
1 mile east of Oni, March 23, 1911. All four specimens
appeared in the wet season, which lasted from March 15 to
Dec. 8, 1911.

Arctiade.

Acantharctia rubrifemora, sp. n.

Head, face, thorax, abdomen, and both wings pure white ;
legs white, with bright red femora above. Primaries with
all the veins edged with pale greyish brown. Secondaries
spotless.

Expanse 45 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Bred by Dr. Carpenter,
June 25, 1911, from a larva which spun June 9.

64 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Lymantride.
Lelia rogersi, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen creamy grey. Primaries
pale ochreous grey, with three parallel, oblique, wavy darker
lines; basal area paler grey. Secondaries subhyaline
whitish, without any marks.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Fort Hall (Kikuyu), B.E. Africa.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Taken by the Rev. K.
St. A. Rogers on March 20, 1907.

Lelia acuta, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax pale rufous brown ; abdomen dirty
cream-grey. Primaries pale rufous brown, somewhat paler
on the fold and in the postmedian area, the ‘only mark being
an obscure dark greyish oblique stripe from the costa close
to the apex to near the middle of the cell. Secondaries pale
straw-colour.

Expanse 86 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Bred Sept. 24, 1911, from
a larva found by Dr. Carpenter.

Cifuna nigroplagata, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, abdomen, and both wings dull cinnamon-
brown. Primaries with a large blackish patch at the end of
the cell extending to the costa; from the angle of vein 3 an
obscure trace of an oblique darker stripe to the middle of the
inner margin ; a trace of a submarginal irregular line, with
some dark points in the upper radial portion ; fringes darkly
intersected. Secondaries with an obscure dark dash closing
the cell ; a submarginal indefinite irregular band of darker
shading ; fringes unicolorous.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Bred July 12, 1911, from
a larva found by Dr. Carpenter. The cocoon was spun

July 1.
Dasychira geoffrey?, sp. n.
3 2. Head and thorax grey, very finely irrorated with

brownish ; abdomen ochreous grey. Primaries pale ochreous
grey, with fine brown irorations sparsely spread in the cell

Species of African Heterocera. 65

and fold, very thick on the costa and beyond the cell in the
costal area, but less thick on the terminal area; a trace of a
basal irregular line; a darkly outlined spot closing the cell,
with a crenulate postmedian fine dark line ; termen and
fringes darkly spotted. Secondaries ochreous grey, becoming
greyer towards the termen.

Ixpanse, ¢ 38, ¢ 50 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Types in the Oxford Museum. Bred from larvee found by
Dr. Carpenter. First cocoon was spun May 4, 1911; the
first emergence occurred May 17-18.

There is one specimen much more prominently and darkly
marked, so that it is possible there may be a fair range of
variation with this species, as is the case with some others
of the genus.

Dasychira umbrensis, sp. v.

3 ¢. Head, thorax, abdomen, and both wings dull
darkish brown, of a mottled appearance, with very little
definite marking. Primaries with three dark dots at the
lower angle of the cell arranged in an inverted triangle ; an
obscure, dark, irregular, strongly serrate postmedian line ; a
series of submarginal interneural dark spots ; fringes spotted
in both wings. Secondaries uniform in colour,

Eixpanse, ¢ 43, 9 48 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Types in the Oxford Museum. Bred from larve found by
Dr. Carpenter. First cocoon was spun July 15, 1911, and
the first moth emerged July 26.

Dasychira carpentert, sp. n.

g. Primaries very pale grey, with a dark basal line, highly
dentate ; a double irregular median line, enclosing a whitish
space in which is a dark dot; the outer line is highly scal-
loped ; beyond this is another interrupted serrate line; cell
closed by a dark crescent, with a small spot in the crescent,
above which and slightly further out is a dark costal patch,
followed by a double crenulate postmedian line ; termen with
an irregular series of dark spots; the wing is dusted a good
deal with very fine brownish scales. Secondaries straw-
- yellow, with a broad darkish border tapering down to the
anal angle.

@. Similar to the male, but darker grey, with the lines
less prominent and with the crescent-shaped mark closing the
cell developed into a fair-sized spot.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 5

66 On new Species of African Heterocera.

Expanse, ¢ 40, 2 50 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Types in the Oxford Museum.

The male and female were captured in copulé by Dr.G. D. H.
Carpenter in the first half of June, 1911, on the shore on the
E. side of Damba Island. Dr. Carpenter has also bred a
series of seven specimens from Jarvee taken on Damba Island.
Cocoons were first spun June 3, 1911, and the first moth
emerged June 13. Three specimens, apparently of this
species, exist unnamed in the British Museum. The locality
given is Ilesha, N. Nigeria.

Agaristide.
Schausia flavifrons, sp. n.

&. Both wings black, with white patches. Primaries
with a white basal point; a small white subovate patch in
the cell; a large, long, oblong postmedian patch ; a leaden
basal stripe; a very oblique leaden stripe across the hinder
third of the cell; cell closed with a leaden crescent ; an
oblique leaden subapical stripe and a trace of one below the
costa. Secondaries with a large subhyaline white central
patch to well beyond the cell. Palpi, frons, collar, and
pectus bright orange.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Mombasa.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Collected by the Rev. K.
St. A. Rogers on March 13, 1906.

Lasiocampide.

Gastroplakeis idakum, sp. n.

@. Head, face, and terminal segments of abdomen pale
orange-grey ; thorax and abdomen pale ochreous grey, the
latter being the paler. Primaries pale ochreous grey, irro-
rated finely with darker grey ; costa finely ashen grey, with
an enlarged ashen area in front of the apex ; a trace of a fine
grey, crenulate, median line ; the fine, very oblique, crenulate
postmedian line is grey, and is followed by an irregular very
oblique line of grey shading; a blackish spot closes the cell.
Secondaries unitorm pale straw-colour.

Expanse 60 mm.

Hab. Idakun, 4 miles N.W. of Oni Camp (Lagos district).

Type in the Oxford Museum. The larve were found by
W. A. Lamborn on the 2nd of February, 1912; they spun

On new Fishes from the Nyong River. 67

their cocoons on the 7th, and emerged on the 23rd of March
in that year.

Mr. Lamborn’s note, dated 24th March, 1912, is as
follows :—“The larve were pale green in colour, with a
median longitudinal black band on the dorsal aspect, and
they were covered with short hairs. The thoracic legs were
brilliant scarlet. When one touched a larva it suddenly
threw back the anterior portion of its body, bringing the
ventral surface uppermost, so that the legs were prominently
displayed. They were then quivered violently.”

Three larvee, all of the same age, were found on one small
plant, growing at the side of a forest-path.

Zygenide.
Saliunca egeria, sp. n.

3. Head, antennz, thorax, and abdomen black ; patagia
chestnut-brown. Primaries chestnut-brown, rather darker on
the fold and towards the termen ; a long, dusky, wedge-shaped
mark between veins 5 and 8, rapidly tapering through the
cell. Secondaries uniform sooty brown.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Bugalla, Sesse Islands, in the N.W. of the Victoria
Nyanza.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This specimen, the only one seen by Dr. Carpenter, was
captured at rest on a grass-stem, Jan. 21, 1912, in an open
grassy area on the island. Dr, Carpenter notes that at rest
the wings are disposed flat over the back, with costal margins
[? inner margins] loosely apposed. In this attitude the moth
closely resembles some of the Lycid beetles which are common
on the island.

VII.—Descriptions of Four new Fishes discovered by Mr.
G. L. Bates in the Nyong River, S. Cameroon. By G. A.
Bou.enGcer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Clarias oxycephalus.

Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head 42
times. Head 13 times as long as broad, tapering in front,
5*

68 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

snout obtusely pointed, upper surface smooth; occipital
process angular, as long as broad; frontal fontanelle twice as
long as broad, larger than the occipital fontanelle, which is
anterior to the occipital process; eye 3 times in length of
snout, 41 times in interorbital width, which exceeds width of
mouth and is ? length of head; band of pizmaxillary teeth
34 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming
a crescentic band which, in the middle, is a little broader
than the premaxillary band. Nasal barbel as long as head ;
maxillary barbel 1? times as long as head, reaching beyond
ectoral ; inner mandibular barbel 2 length of head, outer 14.

Gill-rakers thick, 16 in number. Clavicles striated, covered
with a thin skin. Dorsa) 100, its distance from occipital
process 4 length of head, very narrowly separated from
caudal. Anal 75, very narrowly separated from caudal.
Pectoral 4 length of head, the spine serrated on both sides
and 3 the length of the fin. Ventral 13 times as distant
from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head.
Uniform olive.

Total length 225 mm.

A single specimen.

‘his new species is to be placed near C. wernert, Bler.,
from which it differs principally in the more pointed snout.

Auchenoglanis longiceps.

Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head
31 times. Head moderately depressed, nearly twice as long
as broad, its upper surface smooth ; occipital process small,
longer than broad, well separated from the feebly developed
interneural plate ; snout pointed, a little more than } length
of head ; eye supero-lateral, 8 times in length of head, 23
times in interorbital width ; mouth small, inferior, with thick
papillose lips; preemaxillary teeth in a small reniform group.
Maxillary and inner mandibular barbels not quite } length of
head, outer mandibular nearly as long as head. Gill-rakers
moderately long, 6 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral
process narrow, pointed, smooth. Dorsal I 7; spine strong,
smooth, 2 length of head; longest rays ? length of head.
Adipose dorsal 5 times as long as deep, nearly twice as long
as its distance from rayed dorsal, not extending to root of
caudal. Anal 12 (8 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching
ventral, ventral not reaching anal. Caudal rounded.
Brownish, with round black spots forming four longitudinal
series on the body; belly white ; dorsal and caudal fins with
uumerous round black spots,

Fishes from the Nyong River, S, Cameroon. 69

Total length 200 mm.

A single specimen,

Distinguished from A. ballay?, Sauv., by the longer,
narrower head.

Synodontis steindachneri.

Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head
3} times. Head 1} times as long as broad, rugose above
behind snout, which is obtusely pointed and as long as post-
ocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 5 times in length of
head, 1} times in interorbital width ; lips moderately deve-
loped; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band;
movable mandibular teeth 2 diameter of eye, 25 in number.
Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane at base,
as long as head, reaching a little beyond base of pectoral
spine ; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner,
former with long slender branches, latter with ramified
branches. Giull-openings not extending downwards beyond
root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the
occiput, very obtusely tectiform, 1} times as long as broad,
with rounded posterior processes. Humeral process acutely
pointed, longer than broad, granulate, without keel, extending
as far back as occipito-nuchal process, Dorsal 17; spine as
long as head, feebly curved, striated, with feebly retrorse
serre in front in its upper part, strongly serrated behind,
Adipose dorsal 3 times as long as deep, as long as its distance
from rayed dorsal. Anal LV 6, obtusely pointed in front.
Pectoral spine slightly shorter than dorsal, not reaching
ventral, strongly serrated on outer border, very strongly on
inner. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal
peduncle as long as deep. Dark olive-brown, body finely
speckled with black.

Total length 150 mm.

A single specimen.

This species, named in honour of Dr. Steindachner, who
has quite recently contributed to our knowledge of the
fishes of Cameroon, is allied to S, obesus, Blgr., and S. robbi-
anus, J. A. Smith, but distinguished from both by the
shorter maxillary barbel and the shorter adipose fin.

Pelmatochromis caudifasciatus.
Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 to 32

times in total length. Head twice as long as broad ; snout
rounded, with convex upper profile, a little broader than long,
as long as or slightly longer than eye, which is 34 to 34

70 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Two closely allied

times in length of head, 1 to 1} times in interorbital width,
and a little exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth extending to
between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 3 or 4 series, 40 to
60 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on
the cheek, width of scaly part a little less than diameter of
eye. Gill-rakers short, tubercular, 7 to 9 on lower part of
anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 9-11; spines increasing
in length to the last, which measures 2 to $ length of head;
longest soft rays shorter than head. Anal III 7-8 ; third
spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to ¢ length of head,
not reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a fila-
ment, reaching vent, origin of anal, or a little beyond.
Caudal rounded. Caudal pedunele a little deeper than long.
Scales cycloid, 27-29 =** ; lateral lines +. Brown above,
yellowish beneath ; a more or less distinct dark band from
the eye to the root of the caudal, crossed by 7 to 9 rather
faint dark bars, which expand into round black spots where
they meet the lateral band on the caudal part of the body ;
dorsal with round dark spots and a black and white edge ;
anal with round dark spots, which often form oblique bands ;
caudal with numerous dark bars, the upper rays with a black
and white edge ; ventrals white.

Total length 105 mm.

Several specimens. Also obtained by Mr. Bates in the
Ja and Bumbe Rivers.

Very closely allied to P. nigrofasciatus, Pellegr. Distin-
guished by fewer gill-rakers and by the coloration.

VIITl.— On the Presence of Two closely allied Species of Toads
of the Genus Nectophryne in Cameroon. By G. A.
BOULENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A FEW years ago Mr. G. L. Bates pointed out to me that
two distinct though very closely allied species of Nectophryne
occur together near Bitye, and are to be distinguished by the
shape of the snout. I felt some diffidence at first in pro-
posing a new name for the individuals differing from Peters’s
figure of VV. afra by the shorter and less prominent snout;
but a considerable number of specimens since received from
Mr. Bates compel me to endorse his opinion that the Bitye
specimens should be referred to two species ; the short-snouted

Species of Toads of the Genus Nectophryne. 71

requires a name, than which one recalling its discoverer could
not be more appropriate.

The outline-figures here given sufficiently indicate the
difference between the two species. The snout of N. datesti,
sp. n., is shorter than that of JV. afra, and, seen from below,
projects far less considerably beyond the- mouth; seen in
profile, it is much less obliquely truncate. I have failed to
detect any other differences, but I note that the markings are
subject to much less variation in N. batesii than in N. afra,
and that the belly and the lower surface of the limbs are
always uniform yellow or yellowish white, brown spots or

Head of Nectophryne afra. Head of Nectophryne batesiz.

marblings, if present, being confined to the throat and
breast. Upper parts pale pinkish brown to dark brown, with
three or four more or less distinct darker blotches on the
head and back, one of which often forms a bar on the sacral
region; sides of back often lighter ; a dark band on the loreal
and temporal regions ; hind limbs sometimes with ill-defined
dark cross-bands. ‘The largest specimen measures 25 mm.
from snout to vent.

N. batesii is only known from the neighbourhood of
Bitye, on the Ja River (Congo System), where JV. afra is
also common. Of the latter species I have examined speci-
mens from Spanish Guinea, Cameroon (Kribi, Akok, Efulen,
Zima Country, Bitye), Fernando Po, and Southern Nigeria
(Oban hills).

Bearing in mind that some of the East-African species of
Nectophryne are known to be viviparous, I have opened
several females of both N. afra and N. batesii, the belly of
which was distended with ripe ova; these, of enormously
large size (24 mm. in specimens measuring 20 to 25 mm.
from snout to vent), showed, however, no sign of development.
Mr. Bates has sent me a specimen, a female JZ. batesii with

72 On a new Snake from Eastern Peru.

empty oviducts, found by him at Bitye, Aug. 12, 1909,
under the trough or hollow of a plantain-leaf petiole, crouched
in the midst of a mass of eggs. It is therefore pretty certain
that this species is not viviparous, and that the eggs develop
on land without the young passing through a larval stage.

we = a ee ee

1X.—Description of a new Snake discovered by Mr. A. E.
Pratt in Eastern Peru. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Leptognathus latifasciatus.

Body strongly compressed. ye large, its diameter
double its distance from the oral border. Rostral a little
broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals half
as long as the prefrontals; frontal slightly broader-than
long, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout,
half as long as the parietals ; nasal divided; loreal as long
as deep, bordering the eye; a preocular, separating the
prefrontal from the eye; two postoculars ; temporals 243
or 1+3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering
the eye; first two pairs of lower labials forming a suture
behind the symphysial; three pairs of chin-shields, nearly
as long as broad. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals strongly
enlarged, but not broader than long. Ventrals 191 ; anal
entire 3 subcaudals 106. Anterior part of body with broad
blackish-brown annuli separated by cream-coloured inter-
spaces two scales in width ; further back the blackish annuli
are interrupted on the belly, and towards the posterior part
of the body they become narrower and white-edged, separated
by broad reddish-brown interspaces ; belly closely speckled
and spotted with blackish-brown, uniform brown behind ;
head dark brown above, with yellowish dots and vermicular
lines; upper lip with narrow white vertical bars,

Total length 430 mm. ; tail 125.

A single specimen, from the Upper Marafion.

Closely allied to ZL. peruana, Boettg., and L. variegata,
D>. eu,

This is the second species of Leptognathus discovered by
Mr. Pratt, a L. pratti, from the Andes of Colombia, having
been described by me in these ‘ Annals’ in 1897.

On an Abnormality in Echinus esculentus. 73

X.—WNote on an interesting Abnormality in Echiuus escu-
lentus. By Hersert L. Hawkins, M.Sc., F.G.S., Lecturer
in Geology, University College, Reading.

Durine the preparation of a series of young Echini collected
at Port Erin, Isle of Man, a small specimen of EL. esculentus
was found with an abnormal development of considerable
interest. Abnormalities often give indications of morpho-
logical features that are not apparent in normal cases—
a fact that has been shown recently by Jackson (‘ Phylogeny
of the Echini,’ Boston, 1912). He gives an analysis of the
various types of abnormality commonly found, and the case
here described seems to correspond with his “progressive”
series.

The specimen is not quite circular—this disturbance of
symmetry being a frequent indication of some more deep-
seated irregularity. The peristome is not central, although
neither in this case nor in that of the ambital outline is the
departure from the normal very noticeable. The diameters
of the test, taken from the middles of the ambulacra to the
middles of the opposite interambulacra, are :—

mm,

Siar sheep arsine Quin ha sip ie 24:75
BY se 9 ates Norma dials are Bes 24:0
WE ae Catrncee meres woo 24:5
TS es Se rs Sabha has he 5 24:0
Mina State Wakt Gea etistire Ske 24°25

The distance of the peristome from the ambitus is 7°5 mm.
in area 3 and 6°5 mm. in I.

From the adapical surface no special irregularity (other
than the elliptical outline) can be seen, the apical system
being perfectly normal. An adcral view shows that inter-
ambulacrum 3 is very narrow at the peristome-margin,
ambulacra III. and LV. almost meeting across it. A closer
examination shows that the interambulacrum is composed of
a single plate at the peristomial end. All the other four
areas are normally double throughout.

In all Regular Echinoids whose early postlarval develop-
ment is known the interambulacra originate as single plates,
This was admirably shown by Lovén for Cidaris (‘ Echino-
logica,’ 1892). The single plate is early lost by resorption.
It might be thought, therefore, that in interambulacrum 3
of this specimen the primitive plate had not been resorbed
in the usual way. But this seems not to be the case. A

74 Mr. H. L. Hawkins on an interesting

comparison of the plans of the two neighbouring areas with
that of the area affected (fig. 1) shows that in all three there
are the same number of plates in each column (if the single
one is counted as belonging to both columns). Supposing
that the single interambulacral only has been resorbed in the

Fig. 1.

Plans of one abnormal and two normal interambulacral areas of
Echinus esculentus.

Part of perignathic girdle of abnormal Echinus esculentus,

normal areas, then the abnormal area must have developed
two such plates in succession, one having been lost in due
course. Such a development might be regarded as arrested
(towards Bothriocidaris) or progressive (towards some ad-
vanced Spatangoids). In view of the effect of the abnor-

Abnormality in Echinus esculentus. 75

mality on the perignathic girdle, I am inclined to refer it to
the latter category.

There is no further abnormality in interambulacrum 3, as
a comparison of the tuberculation of the three areas (fig. 1)
shows.

The most interesting feature of the specimen is the effect
produced by the abnormality on the perignathic girdle.
When the specimen was cut in half, the girdle showed the
features indicated in fig. 2. The two ambulacral processes
of the auricles bordering on interambulacrum 3 have coalesced
in the absence of the separating ridge, the joint product
showing traces of amedian suture. The other two processes
of the auricles affected are practically normal, but do not
meet their fused fellows quite regularly, though connected
to them.

At first sight the compound “ process” derived from the
two fused auricular elements suggests a comparison with the
interradial auricle of Cidaris. There can, however, be no
doubt that this resemblance is deceptive. Both sides rise
chiefly from the ambulacra, thus being true “ processes” in
the sense of Duncan, as distinct from ridges. But they
both rest im part on the single interambulacral plate, on
to which they have apparently transgressed from the
ambulacra.

Now in the Clypeastroida the first single interambulacral
plate is retained throughout life (in the absence of any
important peristomial resorption), and the auricle is inter-
radial in position. H.L. Clark has recently shown that the
apparently single auricle of Echinocyamus is in reality a
double structure, composed of two species which seem to
have migrated from an ambulacral position. Here, then, in
an area of Echinus in which a single plate is abnormally
retained, we find developed a perignathic structure which is
strictly comparable with that of the far more highly
specialized Clypeastroida, The abnormality is thus clearly
shown to be progressive in tendency.

It is fairly certain that Hchinus is in no way ancestral to
the Clypeastroids, although in many respects it resembles
their ancestors more than they. Echinus is then, in many
structures, retarded in evolution when compared with the
accelerated features of Echinocyamus. We find in this
specimen that an accidental similarity in one structure
between two originally homogenetic but widely divergent
groups gives rise to a corresponding convergence of character
in another structure. This fact lends support to the view I
have recently put forward (Geol Mag., May 1913) that the

76 Mr. W. L. Distant on

evolution of structure is often to some degree independent
of that of the complete organism.

Unfortunately the lantern was destroyed before the interest
of the specimen was appreciated.

The specimen is now in the Zoological Museum of
University College, Reading (registered no. 535).

XI.—Descriptions of new Species belonging to the Homo-
pterous Family Cicadide. By W. L. Distant.

Toba bequaerti, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous; head with
the area of the ocelli connected with the lateral margins by
an oblique fascia, and a spot at anterior angles before front
black; pronotum with two central spots (one on anterior
margin, the other on inner edge of broad posterior margin),
the fissures, and a basal spot to the lateral angulated ex-
pansions; mesonotum with two small obconical spots on
anterior margin, and a central elongate spot black ; abdomen
above testaceous, first and second segments almost entirely
and basal margins of remaining segments piceous ; body
beneath more or less olivaceous; a large transverse spot
connecting face with eyes, apex of face, clypeus, about apical
half of rostrum, tarsi, and central transverse segmental spots
to abdomen black ; tegmina semiopaque, talc-like, base to a
little beyond basal cell fuscous, thence to about basal third
greyish opaque, the veins brownish ochraceous or violaceous,
transverse veins at bases of apical areas and a double series
of small spots near apices of apical veins fuscous, a trans-
verse fuscous spot at apex of and beyond radial area, the
costal membrane more or less virescent; wings palely
greyishly opaque, the basal and apical areas fuscous, the
veins greyish, the membrane pale hyaline; head frontally
produced, not truncate, above about as long as pronotum
(excluding its posterior margin), longitudinally impressed on
the area of the ocelli, prominently pilose before front and
behind eyes; pronotum with its lateral margins medially
angularly expanded, the angular apices reaching nearly to
the apices of basal cells of tegmina; rostrum reaching the
posterior coxe ; opercula slightly overlapping internally, not
extending beyond base of abdomen; posterior tibiz longly

spinulose.

new Species of Cicadidse. 77

Long., excl. tegm., 3, 27 mm.; exp. tegm. 80 mm.

Hab. Belgian Congo, Sankisia (Dr. Bequaert, Mus.
Congo Belge).

Allied to I. horizontalis, Karsch, from which it differs by
the less produced and less angulate lateral pronotal margins,
the narrower, more elongate, “and attenuate tegmina, &e.

Munza sudanensis, sp. n.

Head with the front and vertex piceous, the basal margin
of the latter ochraceous ; pronotum ochraceous, a central
longitudinal fascia, which is widened at base and apex, and
the fissures piceous or black; mesonotum ochraceous, with
four obconical spots on anterior margin, of which the two
central ones are moderate in size and the outermost ones
much the longest, the area in front of the cruciform elevation
and the apical angles of the latter piceous or black ; abdomen
above pale fuscous, with a central longitudinal testaceous
fascia and the extreme posterior segmental margins ochra-
ceous, abdomen beneath without the central fascia ; sternum,
legs, and opercula ochraceous ; face ochraceous, its anterior
area and a central longitudinal fascia black and with two
contiguous ochraceous spots at anterior margin; rostrum
reaching the abdominal margin, its apex black; tegmina
fuscous brown, about apical half of radial area, the centres
of two upper ulnar areas and spots to remaining ulnar areas,
an oblique macular fascia crossing apical areas, and spots on
apical margin greyish white, semiopaque, and talc-like ; wings
ochraceous, their apical and posterior margins fuscous, the
membrane hyaline ; head (including eyes) about as wide as
base of mesonotum, not frontally produced, more or less
truncate ; outer and posterior membranal margin to wings
broad, about one-third their length ; opercula in male
reaching base of abdomen, their margins rounded, their inner
angles not meeting but distinctly separate.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 18 mm.; exp. tegm. 50 mm.

Hab. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan; Benemana River, Yei to
Meredi, Lado District (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to M, basimacula, Walk., but with the opercula
distinctly separated, not overlapping as in Walker’s species ;
pattern of tegmina also different.

Platypleura schoutedent, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous, with black
markings ; head with two transverse fascize, one above the
insertions of the antenne, the other between the upper

78 Mr. W. L. Distant on

margins of the eyes and including the area of the ocelli, and
the hind margins to the eyes; pronotum with the anterior
and subposterior margins, 2 central longitudinal fascia, and
the fissures ; mesonotum with four obconical spots, the two
central ones of which are smallest and the two lateral ones
largest, and a large cruciform spot in front of the cruciform
elevation, black ; abdomen above black, the posterior seg-
mental margins narrowly ochraceous; head beneath and
sternum ochraceous, with black markings; a _ transverse
fascia between the eyes crossing upper area of face, central
sulcation to face, lateral areas of clypeus, and base of pro-
sternum black ; opercula and abdomen beneath piceous, the
posterior segmental margins ochraceous; tegmina semi-
hyaline, talc-like, basal area (including basal cell), an oblique
fascia at about one-fourth from base, a more curved fascia
near middle, a short inwardly oblique fascia before apex, and
a double series of small obscure spots near the apices of
longitudinal veins to apical areas pitchy black ; wings
fulvous, the veins on posterior area and a broad outer
margin not reaching the outer membrane, black ; rostrum
with its apex piceous and slightly passing the posterior
coxe; opercula slightly extending beyond anterior margin
of basal abdominal segment at its lateral angles, lateral
and posterior margins oblique, their interior angles rather
strongly overlapping ; face broadly, centrally, longitudinally
sulcate, the lateral areas strongly transversely striate.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 23, 9 19 mm.; exp. tegm., ¢ 70,
2 65 mm.

Hab. Belgian Congo Region, Kalengwe and Sankisia (Dr.
Bequaert, Congo and Brit. Muss.).

Allied to P. severini, Dist., and P. laticeps, Karsch.

Var.—Resembling typical P. schoutedeni, but differing
principally in the coloration of the wings, in which the black
outer margin is much broader, the base also of the same
colour, thus restricting the fulvous coloration to a quad-
rangular discal spot ; the tegmina have the spots near the
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas larger and more
distinct.

Brit. Centr. Africa; Zomba (H. S. Stannus, Brit. Mus.).

Platypleura seraphina.

Platypleura seraphina, Dist. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 193.

I described this species from a specimen received from
French Guinea, the type of which is in the Paris Museum.
The British Museum now possesses a specimen taken in

Uganda (Polebek) by Mr. W. P. Lowe.

new Species of Cicadide. 79

Platypleura maritzburgensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish ochraceous ;
eyes black; mesonotum with four obconical spots, the
central pair shortest ; abdomen above black, a central longi-
tudinal fascia (widest at base) brownish ochraceous, apical
segment greyish ; body beneath and legs brownish ochra-
ceous, the opercula cretaceously tomentose ; tegmina opaque,
greyish brown, with darker mottlings, basal area more
brownish ochraceous, costal membrane ochraceous, an ill-
defined, obscure, greyish macular fascia commencing at
middle of upper ulnar area and terminating on lower apical
area ; wings brownish ochraceous, outer membrane greyish,
the apex and outer margin piceous ; pronotal lateral margins
rounded, not angulate; rostrum reaching the posterior
coxe, its apex black ; face broadly but not deeply longitu-
dinally centrally sulcate, its lateral areas transversely ridged ;
opercula in ¢ almost meeting internally, their lateral and
posterior margins rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 15 mm.; exp. tegm. 44 mm.

Hab. Natal; Maritzburg (Z. Warren, Natal and Brit.
Muss.).

Allied to P. deusta, Thunb.

Platypleura nigrosignata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale ochraceous; head
with a transverse fascia between the eyes, basal margin of
front, inner margins of eyes, and a linear marginal spot to
vertex above the insertion of antenne black; pronotum with
the sublateral margins and three small central spots—one
near anterior margin and two near posterior margin—black ;
mesonotum with four obconical spots, of which the central
two are smallest, a central longitudinal lanceolate spot, and
a rounded spot at anterior angles of cruciform elevation
black ; abdomen above black, with greyish and ochraceous
pile, tympanal coverings fulvous; body beneath thickly
greyishly pilose; anterior margin of head between face and
eyes, face, and abdomen beneath black, the transverse facial
ridges, coxe, legs, rostrum, opercula, and posterior segmental
margins more or less ochraceous; tegmina more or less
fulvous, a transverse fascia beyond middle, and a subapical
patch a little darker; these dark markings are margined
with greyish, basal cell shining Slack ; wings ochraceous, a
discal fascia crossing the bases of the upper five apical areas
and the apical and posterior margins castaneous; head

»
se?

80 On new Species of Cicadidee.

somewhat short and broad; face profoundly centrally
longitudinally sulcate, the transverse ridges prominent ;
rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, its apex black; oper-
cula not passing base of abdomen, meeting at their inner
angles, lateral and apical margins oblique, the former mode-
rately sinuate.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 20 mm.; exp. tegm. 60 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (R. Vitalis).

Allied to P. mira, Dist., from Laos.

Champaka celebensis, sp. 1.

Body above shining castaneous brown, more or less ochra-
ceously pilose ; area of the ocelli black; pronotum with a
central longitudinal fascia (widened anteriorly and poste-
riorly) and the fissures dark castaneous, the. lateral and basal
marginal areas somewhat olivaceous ; mesonotum with four
obscure dark obconical spots, the central two smallest ;
abdomen with an obscure, central, longitudinal, narrow,
pilose fascia ; head beneath, sternum, and opercula dull,
Opaque, ochraceous ; face and legs castaneous, femora black
or dark castaneous, their apices, and the basal area of the
anterior femora ochraceous ; abdomen beneath shining,
brownish ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the vena-
tion more or less olivaceous ; tegmina with the extreme base,
basal cell, and costal membrane more or less olivaceous, the
transverse veins at the bases of second, third, fifth, and
seventh apical areas, and the posterior longitudinal vein to
seventh apical area broadly darkly infuscate ; head (including
eyes) considerably wider than base of mesonotum ; abdomen
long, length of head equal to space between eyes; rostrum
slightly passing the posterior coxte ; opercula almost reaching
the posterior margins of the second abdominal segment,
attenuated towards apices, which are roundly subacute,
widely separated internally; anterior femora with two long
and strong spines and a shorter spine near apex.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 53-60 mm.; exp. tegm. 135-
140 mm.

Hab. N.W. Celebes.

Allied to C. viridimaculata, Dist., but differing by the
larger opercula, different maculation to the tegmina, and
absence of the green basal coloration to same, &c.

Two specimens are in theeBrit. Mus., presented by Dr. de
Giacomi.

On new Species of Histeridee. 81

Huechys fascialis, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. i.
p- 142 (1859).

The type of this species has not been found in the British
Museum. ‘The collection of which it formed part originally
belonged to Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, though it afterwards
passed into the National Collection. Even now I cannot
exactly determine it, though we possess a series of specimens
from Borneo that nearly answer to the description and which
I think must be taken as representing it. But in these
the abdomen is piceous brown, not black, and with the
segmental margins pale testaceous. The front, face, and
mesonotal spots are ochraceous rather than testaceous
as described.

XII.—On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others.
By G. Lewis, F.L.S.

[Plate II.]

Tuis is the thirty-ninth paper of this series, and as the types
of the Histeridee described by the late Rev. T. Blackburn are
now in the Natural History Museum I have been able to give
figures of four very interesting Australian species. Of the
genus Chlamydopsis and its allies there are now twenty-nine
species known.

List of Species, arranged generically.

Hister omar. Pheidoliphila sternalis, Blackd.

Atholus ruptistrius. Chlamydopsis inquilina, Lew,

Pachycrerus curtistriatus. — comata, Blackb.
punctipennis. ineequalis, Blackb.

Aristomorphus, gen, nov. —— pygidialis, Blackb.
rutilus, —— papue.

Hetzerius carinistrius. Saprinus felipe.

Fister omar, sp. n.

Breviter ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte obscure punctu-
lata, stria integra, antice bisinuata; thorace stria marginali
integra, stria laterali utrinque abbreviata; elytris striis 1-4
integris, 5-6 ultra medium abbreviatis ; propygidio pygidioque
minutissime punctulatis; prosterno antice obtuse acuminato ;
mesosterno fere recto, stria tenuiter impressa; tibiis anticis
4-dentatis,

L. 43 mill.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8.. Vol. xii. 6

§2 Mr. G. Lewis on

Shortly oval, convex, black, and shining; forehead ob-
scurely punctulate, with two shallow impressions close to the
stria, stria complete and bisinuous anteriorly ; the thorax,
marginal stria fine and complete, lateral stria well marked,
shortened before the base, and anteriorly hamate and ceasing
behind the anterior angle; the elytra, subhumeral stria
wanting, 1-4 dorsal complete, 5 reaches just beyond the
middle, 6 is a little longer ; the pygidia have microscopic
punctures, with some of a larger grade intermixed ; the pro-
sternum, anterior lobe bistriate and obtusely acuminate at its
point and slightly bent downwards; the mesosternum is
anteriorly nearly straight, but slightly prominent in the
middle, the marginal stria is complete but very fine; the
anterior tibis, apical tooth very robust and minutely bifid at
the apex, with three minute teeth behind it; the other tibie
are multispinous.

The lateral stria of the thorax in this species is a marked
characteristic ; it may be placed near H. terremotus, Lew.

Hab. Madura, 8S. India.

Atholus ruptistrius, sp. 0.

Ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte biimpressa, stria integra
retrorsum angulata; pronoto stria marginali antice late inter-
rupta, stria interna pone oculos interrupta ; elytris striis integris,
5 cum suturali connexa; propygidio haud dense punctato ; meso-
sterno truncato, marginato; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L, 4 mill.

Oval, convex, black, and shining; the forehead, surface
punctulate, with two shallow impressions behind the stria,
stria acuminate in the middle; the thorax irregularly pune-
tured at the anterior angles within the stria, marginal stria
ceases behind the eyes, lateral stria is markedly broken
behind the eyes, but it is continued in a straight line with
roughened edges behind the head, towards the base the stria
is feebly sinuous and the interstice somewhat widens; the
elytra, stri, inner subhumeral dimidiate and apical, the
dorsal striz are all complete, 5 and sutural join anteriorly ;
the pygidia are clearly but not closely punctate ; the pro-
sternal keel is narrow; the mesosternum is truncate and the
stria complete; the anterior tibiz 3-dentate.

The form of the inner thoracic stria distinguishes this
species from its congeners coalescens, 14-striatus, and others.
he inner stria resembles that drawn by Marseul for Platy-
soma carolinum, Mon. pl. vii. fig. 14 (1853), but the stria is

’

new Species of Histeride. 83

not interrupted in carolinum as figured by Marseul; Paykull’s
figure, Mon. pl. x. fig. 2, is good and correct.
Hab. Uganda, Central Africa.

Pachycrerus curtistriatus, sp. n.

Ovalis, parum convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte impressa, stria
integra; pronoto lateribus punctato, stria marginali antice late
interrupta ; elytris, striis 1-3 integris, 4 et suturali dimidiatis,
5 fere dimidiata; propygidio pygidioque punctatis; prosterno
striis brevissimis ; mesosterno antice marginato.

L. 33 mill.

Oval, a little convex, black, and shining ; the head very
finely punctulate, frontal stria complete, with a shallow im-
pression behind it; the thorax, marginal stria fine and not
continuing behind the head, punctured laterally with some
large points and some very fine, disc with only the fine
points ; the elytra, strize 1-3 complete, 4 and sutural dimi-
diate, the fourth has a basal linear appendage, 5 is rather
shorter than the fourth ; the pygidia are rather coarsely and
somewhat closely punctured ; the prosternum, striz short
and only intercoxal; the mesosternum is distinctly bordered ;
the anterior tibiz are 5—6-denticulate.

This species is the only one known which has short pro-
sternal intercoxal strie.

fab. Zambise (H. Swale).

Pachycrerus punctipennis, sp. ni.

Oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte impressa; pro-
noto punctato, stria marginali integra; elytris striis 1-4 integris,
5 nulla, suturali integra basi hamata, disco punctato; propygidio
haud dense punctato ; tibiis anticis 5—6-dentatis,

L. 3 mill.

Oblong-oval, convex, black, and shining; the forehead
impressed in the middle behind the stria, stria well marked
at the sides, anteriorly it is sinuous and not so clearly
defined, on the surface anteriorly there are a few microscopic
points and along the base of the head there are large scattered
punctures ; the thorax is evenly not closely punctate, mar-
ginal stria complete, behind the head the stria is fine and
irregularly crenate; the elytra, strie 1-4 complete, with
more or less crenate edges, and the fourth is punctiform in
the apical half, 5 is wanting, sutural is complete and hamate
at the base, turning away from the scutellum, the interstice

§*

84 Mr. G. Lewis on

between the fourth and sutural stria is markedly punctate,
some of the punctures are lineal in their arrangement and
may represent the fifth stria ; the pygidia are distinctly and
evenly but not very closely punctate ; the prosternum, striz
are almost parallel, but widen out very slightly to the base,
joining anteriorly only; the mesosternum, marginal stria
complete and rather fine, at the basal angles of the meta-
sternum there is a cluster of punctures; the anterior tibiz are
5—6-dentate.

The dorsal punctuation of this species is its most distinctive
character ; in outline it resembles P. modestus, Lew.

Hab. Nyasaland.

ARISTOMORPHUS, gen. nov.

Corpus oblongum, subdepressum ; caput declivum, fronte a clypeo
haud distincta, antice late emarginata; pronotum antice angus-
tatum, fossa antennali sub angulo ; elytra striatis, angulis antice
prominentibus ; prosternum compressum prominulum haud stria-
tum, lobo antico acuminato; mesosternum breve, pedibus sat
longis, spinulosis, fossa tarsali fere recta.

Aristomorphus rutilus, sp. n. (Pl. II. fig. 7.)

Oblong, piceous, highly polished, slightly convex above ;
legs reddish brown ; the head is declivous, forehead, anterior
edge (? clypeus) is widely emarginate, with the angles obtuse
and the margin thickened and microscopically rugose, vertex
is grooved and pitted and has a median tuft of flavous
bristles ; the thorax is narrowest anteriorly, lateral edges
with strong flavous bristles, anterior margin has a very fine
stria close to the edge, behind it is a second stria which is
fine and close to the marginal stria behind the head, but the
interstice widens out behind the thoracic angles and is more
marked and punctiform, the anterior angles of the thorax
are produced similarly to those noted on the head, the base
has a fine stria which is close to the edge opposite the scu-
tellum, but gradually leaves it, forming an inverted arch
until its ends are lost in the basal depressions, there are two
very shallow impressions behind the eyes and two near the
basal angles of irregular outline, and there is a longitudinal
cluster of small punctures behind the middle of the neck;
the elytra, inner humeral stria very fine and complete, first
dorsal well marked and bending inwards towards the base,
2 or 3 sinuous in the dorsal area, and all have wide inter-
stices and are finely punctate in the apical half, and the

new Species of Histeridee. 85

interstices are obscurely reddish, the other dorsal strisw are
wanting ; the propygidium is transversely punctured along
its basal half, the posterior half is smooth; the pygidium is
reddish, convex and oblong, it is twice as long as broad and
impunctate ; the prosternum, keel is very narrow and smooth
and acuminate anteriorly ; the mesosternum has two patches
of ferruginous bristles, well separated from each other, on
its posterior border ; the first segment of the abdomen has a
punctate stria along its posterior margin ; the legs, the tibia
are a little dilated with fine bristles on the outer edges, which
are bowed, not angulate, the tarsal grooves are nearly straight,
and the upper surfaces of all the tibie are finely and closely
puncticulate.

L. 22 mill.

Hab. Corcovado, Rio Janeiro (G. F. Bryant). Taken
while flying, 14th May, 1912.

Type in the British Museum.

Heterius carinistrius, sp. n.

Breviter ovatus, nitidus, piceo-brunneus, supra setosus; fronte
impressa, dense puncticulata, margine elevata; pronoto trans-
verso, margine Jaterali late incrassato ; elytris striis 1-2 integris,
basi carinatis, 3-4 apice abbreviatis, basi leviter carinatis, mar-
gine postice minute rugosis; propygidio parum dense puncticu-
latis ; tibiis angulato-dilatatis.

L. 2 mill,

Shortly oval, pitchy brown, setose; the forehead opaque
and densely puncticulate, edges elevated ; the thorax is trans-
verse, with an oblique lateral suleus and a broad thickened
margin punctured and a little opaque, broadest anteriorly and
slightly sinuous on its outer edge before the base, at the base
there is a small elongate elevation and within the sulcus is a
basal fovea, the disc is smooth ; the elytra, first dorsal stria
is complete and distinctly carinate, especially at the base,
second complete but less carinate and only at the base, third
and fourth striz are shortened apically and again are less
carinate, the apical margin is narrowly and finely rugose ;
the propygidium is reddish and finely but rather densely
punctulate ; the pygidium is almost smooth, with a micro-
scopic strigosity at the apex, reddish ; the prosternum, striz
widen out at the base and are sinuous before the coxe, and
do not meet anteriorly, being lost in the dense rugosity of the
anterior surface of the keel, the sculpture of the keel gradually
lessens in density to the base; the mesosternal fovee are
deep ; the tibia are dilated, especially the intermediate and

86 Mr. G. Lewis on

posterior pair,-and both of these are angulate in the middle,
the posterior pair are slightly the broadest.

In H. brunnetpennis the prosternal striz are short and very
markedly meet in front; in H. blanchardi they are very
similar to carintstrdus and the tibie are also equally angulate.

Hab. Hartford, Connecticut (K. G. Blair).

This is the first species discovered on the eastern border of
the United States. A single example only in the British
Museum.

Chlamydopsis papue, sp.n. (Pl. LI. fig. 6.)

Piceous, above densely and strongly sculptured, a little
shining ; the head roughly sculptured with two obscure bow-
shaped elevations in the median area ; the thorax also densely
sculptured, the form of the sculpture being distinctly reticu-
late, the interspaces being elongate or oblong (fig. 6 a), the
anterior edge in the middle is slightly raised and minutely
roughened and on each side are two robust dentations, the
antennal fosse lying under the spaces between them, on the
vertex there is an obscure bipartite tubercle; the elytra, the
elevations of the scutellar region are lobe-shaped and trans-
versely not quite so wide as those figured by Lea for exca-
vata, behind the shoulder there is a deep pit which is joined
to the corresponding one by a narrow channel passing close
to the scutellar elevations, the general surface is sculptured
like the thorax, the suture has a fine geminous marginal stria ;
the pygidia are densely reticulate, but the interspaces are
circular or oval, the apex of the pygidium is smooth ; the
prosternum and mesosternum are densely sculptured like
the head, the anterior lobe of the first has a sinuous edge and
the marginal stria widens out anteriorly after passing the
coxe, the mesosternum is margined in front; the meta-
sternum is distinctly marked from the mesosternum and has
only a single line of punctures along its anterior edge, other-
wise itis smooth; the first segment of the abdomen has a
row of points anteriorly widely set apart and the posterior
edge has a narrow border-line of points which widens out on
either side; the tibie are slightly dilated and angulate on
the outer edge, the anterior and median pair are markedly
sculptured, the posterior pair much less so.

Hab. Laloki, Papua (#. Muir, 1910).

One example in the British Museum.

Chlamydopsis inquilina, Lew., 1885. (PI. II. fig. 2.)
The keel of the prosternum has a very few shallow and

new Species of Histeride. 87

irregular punctures; the meso- and metasterna are somewhat
opaque, but are impunctate, with a microscopic strigosity.

Saprinus felipe, sp. n.

Ovatus, niger, nitidus ; fronte grosse punctata, stria antice tenuiter
impressa ; pronoto lateribus punctato, stria marginali integra ;
elytris striis 1-4 dimidiatis, interstitiis levibus, postice punctatis ;
propygidio pygidioque dense punctatis, hoc in medio anguste
evi.

L. 9 mill.

Oval, convex, black, and shining ; the head and epistoma
markedly and densely punctate, stria rather obscurely marked
anteriorly ; the thorax, marginal stria complete, and along
the sides is a band of coarse punctures, points largest and
most dense behind the anterior angle, along the-base there is
a narrow border of points which do not quite reach the
scutellar region ; the elytra are striate and similar to those
of dugens, Er. (Mars. Mon. fig. 34), but their interstices are
smooth, the dorsal punctuation is limited to about half the
area between the sutural stria (which is shortened anteriorly)
and the fourth stria, and outwardly the punctures occupy less
space, not encroaching on the strie; the pygidia are closely
punctured, the pygidium has a medium smooth line and at
the sides a carinate margin; the prosternum, the striz are
complete, joining at both ends, and widen out before the
middle, and are angulate at the widening ; the mesosternum,
marginal stria lightly impressed but complete, and the suture
indicated by punctures.

This species is larger than 8. lugens, Er., and it is easily
distinguished from it by three characters, viz. the interstices
of the dorsal strize are smooth, the pygidium has a smooth
median line, and the prosternal striz are angulate near the
middle.

Hab. Alpine, Texas (Wickham) ; August 16th.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

Fig. 1. Pheidoliphila sternalis, Blackhb,
Fig. 2. Chlamydopsis inquilina, Lew.
Fig. 3. comata, Blackb.
tg. 4. —— inequalis, Blackh.
Fig. 5. —— pygidialis, Blackb,
Fig. 6. papue, Lew, 6a. Thoracic sculpture.
Fig. 7. Aristomorphus rutilus, Lew.

88 Mr. O. Thomas on some

XIII.—Some new Fere from Asia and Africa.
By OLpFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Hipposideros lylei, sp. n.

A large species related to H. pratti, Thos.

Size rather less than in HZ. pratt?. General characters of
the H. armiger group, including the long feet, development
of a posterior transverse crest behind the normal nose-leaf,
and the uninflated forehead of the skull. Nose-leaf similar
on the whole to that of ZH. pratt’, but the supplementary
transverse posterior crust higher, attaining 5 mm. at its
highest point on each side of its median cleft, and less
heavily haired, but the increase in height may perhaps be due
to sex ; normal transverse crest similarly high in the centre,
sloping down laterally, its front surface divided by a promi-
nent median and two indistinct lateral ridges ; anterior
horseshoe much more deeply notched in front, the median
notch nearly 2 mm. in depth, the horseshoe on each side of
it forming two forwardly projecting lappets, outside which
again there are two shallower notches, unknown elsewhere in
the genus. ars rather narrower than in pratt’. Tibi and
feet very long and slender.

General colour dull buffy or clay-colour, washed with
brown.

Skull similar in its general characters to that of H. pratti
as opposed to those of H. diadema and armiger ; but it is
smaller throughout, the sagittal crest (though of a male as
compared with a female) less developed and less abruptly rising
above the forehead ; area of forehead smaller and not quite
so flat, the median part above the anterior nares slightly
elevated, while its postero-lateral portion is somewhat concave
internal to the well-marked supraorbital edges. Posterior
palate more deeply excavated mesially. Teeth similar in
general characters, but smaller throughout.

Dimensions of the type :—

Forearm 78 mm.

Ear 27 x 21 ; third finger, metacarpal 54, first phalanx 25 ;
lower leg and hind foot (c. u.) 51.

Skull: greatest length to front of canine 29 ; basi-sinual
length 18-7; zygomatic breadth 16 ; interorbital breadth 9°6 ;
mastoid breadth 14; front of canine to back of m® 11:2;
three upper molars together 6°4 ; three lower molars 10°6.

new Fere from Asia and Africa. 89

Hab. N. Siam, Type from the Chiengdao Cave, 50 miles
north of Chiengmai. Alt. 350 m.

Type. Adult male (skin in spirit). B.M. no. 13. 4. 18. 3.
Collected January 1913. Presented by Th. H. Lyle, Hsq.,
H.B.M. Consul at Chiengmai.

The Sze-chwan Hipposideros pratti being as yet only
known from the type specimen, a female, and the present
example being a male, it at first sight seemed possible that
we had here the unknown male of that species. But further
examination shows such differences as to render this im-
possible, notably the smaller general size, the much smaller
teeth (this in a male as compared with a female), and the
development of the pendant lappets at the front edge of the
horseshoe, not at all likely to be a sexual character.

‘The type-specimen was obtained in a cave in company
with examples of #7. armiger, as also happened curiously
enough with the type of HZ. pratt?.

This adds another to the many new Siamese mammals
discovered by Mr. Lyle, and I have had great pleasure in
connecting bis name with it.

Rhinopoma cystops arabium, subsp. n.

Like the Egyptian FR. cystops in all essential characters,
but size averaging larger.

Occipito-nasal lengths :—

Mt. Quarantaria, Palestine (Zristram): 15:7, 14°9,
15 mm.

Midian (Burton): 16, 15:3.

Yemen (Bury): 15, 16:4, 15:1, 15°4, 15°6.

Lower Egypt (including the type of cystops) : 14°7,
15°2, 14-5, 15, 14°3, 15°3, LD.

Dimensions of the type (the italicised measurements taken
-in the flesh) :—

Forearm 56 mm.

Head and body 60; tail 68; ear 76; lower leg and foot
(eo a.) 38.

Skull: greatest length 17°6; zygomatic breadth 10°5 ;
mastoid breadth 9:2; front of canine to back of m* 6:2;
breadth between outer corners of m? 7°9.

Hab. Palestine and Arabia. Type from Wasil, Yemen ;
alt. 4000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13.6.19.5. Original
number 7. Collected 7th March, 1913, by G. W. Bury.
Seven specimens.

Although the figures are not very striking, the Arabian

90 Mr. O. Thomas on some

Mouse-tailed Bat is obviously larger on the average than its
Egyptian ally. In the type of R. ecystops the forearm
measured 53 mm., head and body 53, and tail 59.

Rhinopoma muscatellum seianum, subsp. n.

Like R. muscatellum of Muscat, but slightly larger and
with markedly larger molars (see skull-dimensions below).

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-
men) :—

Forearm 52°5 mm.

Head and body —; tail 64; ear 15; lower leg and foot
(c. wu.) 36.

Skull: greatest length 16:3; occipito-nasal length 14:7;
zygomatic breadth 9°7; mastoid breadth 81; front of
canine to back of m® 6:1; combined length of m* and m? on
outer edge 3 (2°6 in true muscatellum) ; breadth between
outer corners of m? 7:3; transverse diameter of m* 1-9 (1°5).

Hab. Seistan.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6.1.2.2. Collected by
the Seistan Boundary Commission under Col. A. H.
McMahon. Presented by the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

The Seistan Rhinopoma has quite the peculiar delicately
built skull of R. muscatellum, but the teeth are so markedly
larger as to indicate subspecitic distinction.

Crocidura doriana fuscosa, subsp. n.

A uniformly chocolate-brown form of the doriana-nyanse
group.

Size about as in C. doriana, markedly smaller than
O. hedenborgiana, which it resembles in colour. Upper
surface dark “‘ Prout’s brown,” under surface quite similar,
not lighter. Face, hands, feet, and tail still darker, blackish
brown.

Teeth closely agreeing in size with those of dortana, rather
smaller than those of C. nyanse, and conspicuously smaller
than those of C. hedenborgiana.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 114 mm.; tail 60; hind foot 19; ear 12.

Skull: greatest breadth across brain-case 12-7 ; combined
length of three upper molars 4°8, of three lower molars 5°5.

Hab. Kaka, White Nile.

Type. Adult female. B.M.no. 1.8.8.17. Original num-
ber 32. Collected 23rd April, 1901, and presented by
R. McD. Hawker, Esq.

new Fere from Asia and Africa. 91

This is the shrew which in working out Mr. Hawker’s
collection * I referred to C. hedenborgiana, Sand. Recently,
however, the Museum has obtained trom Mr. A. L. Butler a
much larger species from Roseires, and on application to
Prof. Einar Lénnberg I have received such dimensions of the
type of hedenborgiana as to show that it is the Roseires shrew
which should be assigned to Sundevall’s species, that from
Kaka being therefore still without a name. It is no doubt
closely allied to the Abyssinian C. dortana+, but may be
distinguished by its much darker colour, especially below.

Felis servalina larsent, subsp. n.

A form of the Servaline Cat with the shoulders and back
unspotted.

General essential characters as in ordinary F. servalina,
but instead of the body being more or less covered with small
black spots, the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and median area
of the back are completely and absolutely without spots, as
in a lion or F. chaus. General colour strong glossy clay-
colour, an ill-defined darker band down the back. Sides,
belly, and terminal part of limbs spotted, but less conspicu- -
ously so than in other forms,

Hab. Congo district of N. Angola. Type from near
Bembe (about 7° S. and 14° E.).

Type. Skin without skull. B.M. no. 13. 3.24.1. Col-
lected by Mr. Larsen, and presented by the Rev. J. Sidney
Bowskill, of the Baptist Missionary Society.

Mr. Pocock has formed several subspecies for different
forms of F’. servalina, basing them chiefly on the amount of
spotting and banding, but this one differs from them all by
the complete absence of spots over the greater part of the
body, so that seen from above it looks almost more like a
unicolor than a spotted cat. The types of all Mr. Pocock’s
forms are before me, including that of F. s. liposticta, but
none of them approach F’ s. /arseni in this respect.

The name ot the new subspecies is given at the suggestion
of the donor, to whom the specimens had been sent by
Mr. Larsen, the actual captor.

Mustela (Lutreola) taivana, sp. n.

A dark insular form of the M. sibirica group.
Size as in M, quelpartis, therefore markedly smaller than
* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) viii. p. 274 (1901).

t Dobs, Ann. Mus. Genoy, (2) iv. p. 564 (1887). Type locality, Let
Marafia, Shoa.

92 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

in continental s¢b/rica. General colour uniformly dark otter-
brown (near “ vandyke-brown’’), darker than in guelpartis
above, and still more so on the sides, which are quite without
the strong russet tinge so marked in that animal. Under
surface slightly paler, without russet suffusion. Head darker
brown; chin irregularly mottled with white on interramia
and edges of mouth, but no conspicuous backwardly extended
patch is formed, as is the case in quelpartis; a small white
patch on lower throat. Limbs uniformly brown. Tail
longer than in gue/partis, brown, its underside with a slight
cinnamon suffusion.

Skull about as in M. quelpartis; inuer lobes of m! larger
than in that animal.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Head and body 315 mm.; tail 200; hind foot 57.

Skull: condylo-basal length 58°7 ; zygomatic breadth 30;
interorbital breadth 11:7; breadth of brain-case 25:3 ;
palatal length 25°6; p*, length on outer edge 65; m’,
breadth 4°6 ; antero-posterior diameter of inner lobe 3:3.

Hab. Formosa, ‘l'ype from Mt. Arizan ; 8000".

Type. Young adult male. B.M. no. 12.11. 23.4. Original
number 26. Collected March 1912, and presented by Walter
Goodfellow, Esq.

This Formosan representative of the Eastern Mink has got
the long tail of the continental JZ, (L.) sibirica, with an even
more uniformly brown colour than the comparatively short-
tailed Quelpart mink, with which it agrees in size.

Swinhoe (P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 624) mentions Mustela sibirica
from Formosa, but did not send home any specimens, so that
Mr. Goodfellow’s example is the first that the Museum has
received from the island.

XIV.—Notes on the Apidee (Hymenoptera) in the Collection
of the British Museum, with Descriptions of new Species.
By Grorrrey Mrape-Watxpo, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

II. Subfamily Nomaprvz.

Tue present paper is a continuation of that published under
the same title in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. p. 461
(1912).

the Apide in the British Museum. 93

Besides notes on species already known, nine species are
described as new, of which the most interesting are the two
new Hpeolus from Abyssinia.

All the types are in the British Museum.

Crocisa, Panz.

The species of Crocisa from the Oriental-Australian region
are partly dealt with by Friese (Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt. pp. 1-
12, 1905). Later, the Australian species are tabulated by
Cockerell (Entom. News, vol. xviii. p. 46, 1907; and Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxiii. pp. 232-33).

Crocisa bidentata, W. F. Kirby, represented by two male
specimens, is a very striking species from the Hari-rud
Valley, Afghanistan. In the type the second transverso-
cubital nervure is only rudimentary in both wings, but in the
other specimen the venation is normal. The abdomen is
entirely black, and there does not appear to have been any
change in coloration through the agency of spirit, in which
the specimens were evidently preserved after capture. The
anterior wings are very darkly infuscate, and the pygidium
is bituberculate, with a longitudinal keel.

It is curious that another species of Crocisa described
by Kirby from Sokotra (Crocisa uniformis, W. F. Kirby)
should have also been a black species. Kohl considers it to
be nearly allied to C. ramosa, Lep.; it certainly may prove
to be a geographical race of that species.

Crocisa picta, Smith.
Croctsa picta, Smith, Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 277 (1854). 9.
Crocisa guineensis, Rad. Bull, Soc. Natural. Moscou, p. 172 (1893). ¢.
Vachal described the female of C. guineensis (Ann. Soc.
Ent. France, p. 379, 1903). In C. picta there is a longitu-
dinal carina along the whole length of sternite 5, not only at
the apex, as Friese states (‘ Die Bienen Afrikas,’ p. 302).

Mesonycuivum, Lep. et Serv.

Ducke has recently (Zoolog. Jahrb. p. 106, 1912) syno-
nymised Melissa, Smith, with this genus. The species of
Mesonychium fall into two natural groups, into the second
of which, the Mesoplia group, fall all the species described
by Smith as Melissa with the exception of M. asteria. This
species, which is synonymous with M. maculata, Fr., belongs
to Mesonychium, s. str.

94 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

For the sake of convenience a short key to those species
of-which the British Museum has the types is appended :—

2°.

1. (Head or head and thorax with some pale
PUbSSEONCE ea ois's ho) dy Gan Ane 2.
< Head and thorax with entirely black pubes-
cence. L. 15 mm, (St. Vincent, W.
LESTE Cer ba malig seat le ate salaieaty aie Cae geeas ... emperiale, Ashm.
2. ( Head and thorax with pale pubescence....
| A tuft of white pubescence on outer side of
4 each antenna and a white fringe on 5
} occiput. L. 173 mm, (Orizaba, S.
LUM OxICd.)'. Abin +5: putas SCO Se Mei ee insigne, Sm.
3. ( Large size. Wings dark fuscous. <A fringe
of pale pubescence on prothorax and
2 along the inner side of the tegule. L,

mm. (Brazil, Santarem.) ........d. 0. 0% regale, Sm.
| Small size (13-14 mm.). Wings sub-
| 4‘chyaline; fuscous apically .',..5.5...... 4.

4, “Head and mesothorax for the most part
clothed with a short, glittering, emerald-
green pubescence ; face on each side and
occiput covered with a long white pile.
Abdomen unicolorous, green. L. 14mm. {itubina, Ducke).
< t Brazil.) p55 sc svorchd sees eas oF decoratum, Sm. (=tta-
Head and mesothorax black; face covered
with a short silvery-white pubescence.
Abdomen green, laterally with white
markings. L. 13 mm. (Brazil, San- (data, Friese).
Pewee) (Clete te eeaeern Pac seine asteria, Sm. (=macu-

Errouvs, Latr.

Epeolus natalensis, Smith, from Natal, appears to be very
near KH. militaris, Gerst., but is distinct. The type (a male)
is not in very good condition and has the apical segments of
the abdomen telescoped. The axillar teeth are broader and
blunter than in E. militaris, The most distinctive character
is the presence of a rich brown pubescence on the fifth
tergite.

The genus was omitted by Bingham in ‘ Fauna of British
India, Hymenoptera.’ At the time of publication (1897)
only one species (EH. fervidus, Smith) was recorded from
India, though Cockerell has since added another from the
same part of India (Bombay), while a third species from
Assam is here described for the first time.

Epevlus assamensis, sp. 0.

dé. Niger; facie, pleuris, sterno, pedibus, segmentisque abdo-
minalibus apice fasclis medio-interruptis griseo-pubescentibus ;

the Apidee in the British Museum. 95

mandibulis apice ferrugineis; ecapite thoraceque dense rugulose -
que punctatis, abdomine nitido vix punctato; labro duobus tuber-
culis parvis; alis plerumque hyalinis, sed area apicali fusco-
hyalina,

Long. 7 mm.

Black ; the front, postorbits, pleura, legs, and sternum
covered with a griseous pubescence. Mandibles ferruginous
at apex. First abdominal tergite covered with griseous
pubescence basally and laterally, that on sides excavated to
form an apical interrupted fascia, following tergites with
interrupted apical fasciz of similar pubescence ; sternites 2
and 3 with continuous fasciz of griseous pubescence, fourth
and fifth with fringe of curled brown hairs (‘‘ Wimperhaare,”
Friese).

Head and thorax evenly and rugosely punctured ; abdomen
shining, very finely punctured.

Third and fourth antennal joints subequal; scutellum
prominent, with a strong median depression ; axillar teeth
robust, well developed.

Wings clear hyaline at base, with apical area fusco-
hyaline ; second abscissa of radius about half the length of
first abscissa.

Length 7 mm.

Assam: Shillong, April 1903 (R. E. Turner). 2 oo.

This species comes very near E. peregrinus, Ckll., but
differs in the following details:—The markings of griseous
pubescence in F. peregrinus take the form of ‘ subdorsal
spots ” on tergites 3-7, in the present species the pubescence
is in interrupted fasciz; the second cubital cell is sub-
triangular in the former species, in the latter there is a
distinct abscissa of the radius ; the head and thorax of the
former are distinctly shining, with the punctures compara-
tively scattered, in the latter they are dull and very close.

For differences between EL. peregrinus and E. fervidus, Sm.,
vide Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viil. p. 668 (1911).

Epeolus tibetanus, sp. un.

@. Niger; segmentis abdominalibus fasciis continuis apice griseo-
pubescentibus; mandibulis apice, tibiis tarsisque plerumque
ferrugineis ; capite thoraceque rugose punctatis, abdomine sub-
nitido ; alis hyalinis, parte apicali subfusca ; labro integro,

Long. 9 mm.

Black ; head and thorax covered with a griseous pile of
varying density, thickest on face and pleura. Mandibles at
apex, tibiz and tarsi for the most part, ferruginous. Abdo-

96 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

minal tergites 1-5 with continuous apical fascie of whitish
pubescence, the whole ventral surface of the abdomen clothed
with whitish pubescence. Head and thorax coarsely and
rugosely punctured ; scutellum prominent, with a median
depression, the axillz (lateral teeth) small and acute. Wings
hyaline ; the apical third subfuscous, stigma and nervures
black.

Length 9 mm.

Trset: Gyangtse (13,000 feet), June 1904 (H. J. Walton).
Collected on the Tibet Expedition, 1903-4. 5 2 ?.

The host of this species is probably Colletes sanctus, CkllL.,
a long series of which was caught in the same locality at the
same time.

The species may be readily recognized by the unbroken
abdominal fasciz and the entire labrum. It would other-
wise seem to resemble Z£. transitorius, Eversm., var. serax-
ensis, Rad., from Transcaspia, and J. fallax, Mor, from
Algeria. In addition to the characters mentioned above, it
differs from the former in having the scutellum and tegule
black.

Epeolus ventralis, sp. n.

6. Niger, albido-tomentosus; facie clypeoque, thoracis lateribus
sternoque, mesonoto duabus lineis longitudinalibus, abdominis
segmentis fasciis apicalibus, 1 et 2 medio interruptis, 3-6 con-
tinuis, albido-tomentosis; segmentis ventralibus 2 et 3 apice
albo-, 4—6 brunneo-fasciatis ; antennarum articulo 2 infra ferru-
gineo ; alis pallide fuscis ; labro integro.

Long. 103 mm.

Black, more or less clothed with whitish pubescence. The
face and clypeus somewhat thickly clothed, thorax above
finely, with two distinct longitudinal lines of pubescence
along the anterior margin of disc of mesonotum ; postscu-
tellum and median segment laterally clothed with whitish
pubescence. Abdomen: tergites 1 and 2 with apical fasciz
interrupted medially (that on tergite 1 bilobed), tergites 3-6
and sternites 2 and 3 with continuous apical fascia of
whitish pubescence. Sternites 4-6 with au apical fringe of
curled brown hairs. Second joint of antenne beneath
ferruginous red. Wings smoky. Stigma and nervures
black. Head and thorax coarsely and evenly, abdomen
finely punctured. Scutellum divided medially to form two
blunt lobes, axille small and acute.

Length 103 mm.

Cuina: Hsikou, near Tientsin, 17. vi. 06 (F. M. Thomp-
son).** 1 ag"?

the Apide in the British Museum. 97

This species superficially resembles E. tristis, Eversm.,
but has the labrum entire, and the apical abdominal fascia
on tergite 3 is continuous,

Epeolus incrassatus, sp. n.

3. Niger supra, ferrugineus infra, albo-hirtus ; clypeo apice, labro
mandibulis, pronoto, pleuris, segmentis veutralibus pedibusque
plerumque ferrugineis; capite, thorace (vertice mesonotoque
exceptis) pedibusque albo-hirtis; segmentis abdominalibus dor- .
salibus 1 et 2 apice laterale albo-fasciatis, 3 et 4 maculis albis,
segmentis ventralibus plerumque albo-hirtis ; alis hyalinis, parte
apicali subfusca ; labro integro,

Long. 9 mm.

Black, for the most part clothed with white pubescence ;
clypeus at apex, mandibles, pronotum, pleura, axille, legs
for the most part, and abdominal sternites ferruginous red.
Abdominal tergites 1 and 2 with broad latero-apical fascie
of white pubescence, very broad at the sides, interrupted
medially, fascia on tergite 1 bilobed; tergites 3 and 4 with
four ovate white apical spots, and tergites 5 and 6 with two
spots ; sternites and legs for the most part clothed with fine,
short, white pubescence, sternite 4 with an apical fringe of
curled fulvous hairs. ‘Tarsi clothed on the inside with
golden brown pubescence. Scutellum prominent, with a
distinct median depression.

Head and thorax coarsely, abdomen more finely punctured,
axille sharp, prominent; posterior tarsi very massive, cox
and femora particularly incrassate. Wings hyaline, apicaily
subfuscous ; stigma and nervures black.

Length 9 mm.

Souru Arrica: Basutoland (R. Crawshay). 1 2.

This species is quite distinct from E. militaris, the only
South African species known at present with axillar teeth,

Epeolus fulvohirtus, Cam.

Crocisa fulvohirta, Cam. Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soe. vol. xv. p. 247 (1905),

I am of opinion that Cameron’s species, the type of which
is in the British Museum, is an Epeolus, and E. kobrowt,
Brauns, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 10 (1909), is probably
co-specific.

Epeolus cameroni, nom. noy.
Epeolus bifasciatus, Cam. Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt. vii. p. 136, (W. Mexico.)

This species needs a new name, since Cresson described an
Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 7

98 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

Epeolus bifasciatus (Proc. Entom, Soc. Philad. ii. p. 38,
1864). More recently Jorgensen used the name yet again
for a species from Argentina, and his species has been
renamed &. potrerillensis by Jensen Haarup.

Nomapa, Scopoli.

Nomada xanthidica, Ckll.
Nomada versicolor, Smith, Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 242 (1854).
9. (N. China.)
Nomada japonica, Smith, Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. p. 208 (1878). 9.
(Japan.)

A careful examination of the type specimens of these
insects has failed to reveal any satisfactory structural cha-
racter for their separation. The ferruginous markings on
the mesonotum of N. xanthidica, though absent in the type
of N. japonica, are present in another specimen from Hiogo,
and such colour-markings are often variable. Alfken
usserted some time ago that the two species were identical ;
but Professor Cockerell believed them to be distinct (Trans,
Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxi. p. 8364, 1905).

Bingham (‘ Fauna Brit. India,’ i. p. 465) considers N. sub-
petivlata, Sm. (1879), from Bombay, to be synonymous with
the same author’s N. adusta (1875). It would seem that
the variety he mentions (J. c. p. 466) is Smith’s N, subpetiolata.
There can, however, be little doubt they are distinct species,
N. adusta (type in G. R. J. Rothney CoH.) has the “scutellum,
postscutellum, the tubercles, and collar yellow,” according
to the original description, and there is no mention of the
longitudinal mesonotal groove to which Bingham refers in
his description of the variety (/. c.). N. subpetiolata (type
in B. M.) has the thorax “ ferruginous, with a black longi-
tudinal groove on the mesothorax,’”’ and Smith would
certainly have mentioned the groove if present in N. adusta.

Nomada turneri, sp. n.

@. Nigra, capite thoraceque punctatis, corpore nitido; mandibulis
clypeo (basi excepto) area faciali infra, scapo, flagello infra
(articulo ultimo plerumque), linea postoculari, axillis, tegulis,
scutello, postscutello, lineaque mesopieuris, ferrugineis ; segmento
abdominali secundo fascia basali, segmento quinto omnino ferru-
gineis, pedibus ferrugineo-variegatis; alis fusco-hyalinis, area
apicali fusca,

Long. 63 mm,

the Apidae in the British Museum. 99

¢. Black ; the mandibles, clypeus (base excepted), the
inner orbits below, the scape, flagellum beneath (apical half
of terminal joint almost entirely), a line behind the eyes,
axilla, tegulee, scutellum and postscutellum, and a longitu-
dinal line on mesopleura ferruginous. A broad basal fascia
on second tergite, and tergite 5 altogether, ferruginous.

Anterior legs entirely, intermediate and posterior coxe,
trochanters, and tibie for the most part, ferruginous.

Head and thorax covered with regular granulose pune-
tures; abdomen shining, impunctate. Enclosed space at
base of median segment. Head and thorax with incon-
spicuous pale tawny pubescence, sides of median segment
with a dense patch of white pubescence. Antenne with a
small longitudinal tubercle between their bases. Wings
fusco-hy: iline, the extreme apical area darker, stigma and
nervures black. Third cubital cell much narrowed. towards
radius, so that the third abscissa of the radius is only half as

long as the second,

Lensth 6} mm.
Assam: Shillong, v., vil., and viii., 1903 (R. E. Turner) ;

49¢,3 64; Siwnim: Darjeeling, 7000 feet, ii. 1894
(Bingham Coll.); 1 ?.

3. Differs only sexually from the female, except that the
scape is entirely black ; pygidium emarginate at apex,

This species runs out at B. 6. 6’. in Nurse’s key to the
‘Indian species (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 545, 1903),
as there are no black species with ferruginous markings

included.

Nomada wickwari, sp. n.

@. Ferruginea, abdomine nigro, maculis flavis variegato ; facie
thorace sparsim, segmento mediano dense, segmentis abdominalibus
3-6 Jateribus, coxis tarsisque albo-hirtis ; seutello bilobato, capite
thoraceque punctatis, abdomineque nitido ; alis hyalinis,

Long. 6 mm.

9. Ferruginous, the mesosternum and abdomen (except
for yellow spots) black ; tergite 2 with large, ovate, lateral
spots at base; tergites 3 3 and 4 each with two apical marks,
yellow. Face, pleura, coxe 2 and 38, and median segment
with a silvery-white pubescence, densest on the median
segment ; lateral fascize on abdominal segments 3-6 (tergites
and sternites) of a similar pubescence.

Head and thorax coarsely and evenly punctured; the

scutellum bilobed, shining, with a few scattered ea

100 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

abdomen shining, impunctate. Joint 3 of antenne 14 times
as long as joint 4.

Wings hyaline, faintly fuscous at extreme apical margin ;
third cubital cell subtriangular, second and third transverso-
cubital nervures almost coalescing on the radial nervure.

Length 6 mm.

as

Cryiton: Colombo, 1910 (0. S. Wickwar).

Collected and presented to the British Museum by
Mr. O. 8. Wickwar, after whom the species is named.

Through the courtesy of Colonel C. G. Nurse I have been
able to examine the type of Nomada priscilla from North
India, to which species N. wiekwari is nearly related.
Nurse’s species, however, is smaller and more siender, with
joints 3 and 4 of the antenne equal; the neuration, too, is
different from that of the present species.

Nomada antennata, sp. n.

¢@. Nigra, thorace ferrugineo ; segmento secundo abdominis maculis
duabus flavis; capite thoraceque punctatis, abdomine nitido ;
antennis nigris, elongatis; alis subfuscis.

Long. 6 mm.

9. Black; thorax and anterior tarsi beneath ferruginous ;
two ovate basi-lateral spots on tergite 2 and two small
indistinct marks on tergite 5 pale yellow. Head and thorax
with a sparse pale pubescence.

Metatarsus ii. with short tawny pubescence beneath.

Head and thorax coarsely and evenly punctured ; abdomen
shining, impunctate. Antenne of considerable length,
joints 3 and4 subequal. Wings fusco-hyaline, third cubital
cell much narrowed above.

Length 6 mm.

1 ¢.

CryLon: Kandy (0. S. Wickwar).

Resembles N. wickwari in general facies, but is at once
distinguished in having long black antenne, with joints 3
and 4: subequal, and the head and legs black.

Five species of Nomada are now known from widely
separated localities in the A‘thiopian Region; no specimens
appear to have been received from Central Africa as yet.

The following key may help to separate the Aithiopian
forms ;—

the Apidae in the British Museum. 101

1, | Larger species, 12-13 mm. ............. nat oe
Smaller species, 8-9 mm................. 3.
2. f Flagellum black above, ferruginous below ;
abdominal segment 1 ferruginous; ter-
| gite 2 with a narrow apical fascia, yellow. [(Cape Colony.)
Peer es 1S mAs NNT AT) gigas, Friese, 2.
} Antenne ferruginous, except joints 10-13,
| which are black; abdominal segment 1
; black, following segments black and ((Abyssinia.)
Gee yellow... elem Aes ee ene abyssinica, sp. D., ¢.
3. ( Third joint of antenne, seen from below,
| distinctly longer than fourth; first tergite [ (Transvaal.)
i, bivek-ted. ” E. Sinn 4s, ee Wetea a kobrowi, Brauns, ¢.
7 Third joint of antenne, seen from below,
; equal to fourth; first tergite black. L.
Sammie ease eet cy leaders be 4,
4. ( Disc of mesonotum with two longitudinal
| reddish lines; pleura mostly red, seg- ((Old Calabar.)
<= ECT ME sts ae eae ee ee eee africana, Friese, Q.
| Disc of mesonotum and pleura entirely ((A byssinia. )
black; segment 6 yellow............ -» hararensis, sp. n.

Nomada abyssinica, sp. n.

3. Nigra, abdomine maculis fasciisque pallide flavis ; mandibulis,
clypeo apice extremo, antennis (articulis 10-13 exceptis) angulis
pronoti, callis humeralibus, tegulis, scutello, pygidioque ferru-
gineis; pedibus (coxis trochanteribus femoribusque exceptis)
ferrugineis, facie, area postoculari, sterno, segmentis yentralibus
basalibus albo-, labro, metanoto, tarsis, segmentisque ventralibus
apice plus minusve fulvo-hirtis ; capite thoraceque rugose punc-
tatis, area excisa metanoti glabra, abdomine minute punctato ;
alis fusco-hyalinis, area apicali fusca.

Long. 12 mm,

3. Black; the mandibles, clypeus at extreme apex,
antenne except joints 10-13, lateral angles of pronotum,
calli humerales, tegulz, scutellum and pygidium ferruginous ;
legs (except cox, trochanters, and femora basally) ferru-
ginous ; tergites 2 and 3 with large ovate lateral spots, almost
touching above, and tergites 4—6 with apical fascie, pale
yellow. The face, postocellar region, sternum, and_ basal
sternites covered with a white pubescence ; labrum, median
segment, tarsi, and fasciz on apical sternites with fulvous
pubescence. Ilead, thorax, and coxze evenly and distinctly
punctured, abdomen and legs more finely, excised space at
base of median segment glabrous, Tergite 1 and anterior
and intermediate femora shining, practically impunciate.

Wings fusco-hyaline, the apical area darker. Clypeus
truncate anteriorly ; joint 3 of antenne rather longer than

102 On the Apidee in the British Museum.

joint 4; an indistinct longitudinal tubercle between antennz
at base; calli humerales blunt, prominent. Pygidium with
a sjight apical emargination.

Length 12 mm,

Ansyssinta: Harar, 1911 (Gunnar Kristensen). Presented
by R. KE. Turner.

236.

Nomada hararensis, sp. n.

9. Nigra, abdomine maculis fasciisque pallide flavis ; mandibulis,
labro, clypeo apice, antennis (articulis apicalibus exeeptis) angulis
pronoti, callis humeralibus, tegulis, post-tegulis, scutello, post-
scutello segmentisque ventralibus apicalibus ferrugineis; pedibus
(coxis, apice excepto, trochanteribus omnibus femoribusque posticis
exceptis) ferrugineis; capite thoraceque sparsim albo-hirtis ;
capite thoraceque sat rugose, abdomine minute punctatis; area
excisa metanoti glabra, inconspicue striata; alis subhyalinis, area
apicali fusco-hyalina.

Long. 9 mm.

@. Black; mandibles, labrum, apex of clypeus, antennz
(except four terminal joints), lateral angles of pronotum,
calli humerales, tegule, post-tegulz, scutellum, postscutellum,
and sternites 5 and 6 ferruginous. Legs (except coxze
basally), trochanters, and basal half of posterior femora
ferruginous; tergites 2-4 with ovate lateral spots, tergites
5 and 6 with apical fasciz, pale yellow. Head and thorax
with a sparse whitish pubescence, evenly and distiuetly,
abdomen very finely puuctured, shining, the excised area at
base of median segment glabrous, finely striate. Joimt 3 of
antenne equal to joint 4.

Wings subhyaline, the apical area fusco-hyaline.

Length 9 mm.

6. Differs from female in the following respects :—Scape,
flagellum above (terminal joints beneath also), clypeus
entirely, scutellum, postscutellum and all the femora, inter-
mediate and posterior tibiz for the most part, black. The
males described as the alternate sex were evidently collected
with the females, but may possibly be distinct.

Asyssin3iA: Harar, 1911 (Gunnar Kristensen). Presented
by hk. E. Turner.

WOR Ue fea -

All Smith’s types of American Nomada are mentioned by
Cockerell (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxxi. p. 310 ef seg.). In
my opinion the genera erected by Robertson (Canad, Ent.

Descriptions and Records of Bees, 103

xxxv. p. 174) hardly merit the rank, with the exception of
Gnathias, which certainly has an excellent distinctive struc-
tural character in the bidentate mandibles.

Robertson considers N. annulata, Sm., 3 (nee 2), to be
Synonymous with Nomada (Centrias) americana, K. (Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. xxii. p. 125). The male of Smith’s species
certainly has the characters of Centrias as defined by Robert-
son (/. c.), but there appears to be no reason to doubt that
Smith had correctly associated the sexes, and N, annulata 2
is certainly not a Centrias as defined (J. c.).

Nomada vinnula, Cress.
Nomada vinnula, Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe. vii. p. 202 (1879).

=
Nomada interceptor, Smith, Descr. New Spec. Hymen. p. 100 (1879).

Smith’s type, from Vancouver, agrees with a male labelled
“N. vinula”’ by Cockerell. Cresson’s species has priority
by afew months. The spelling of the specific names is that
employed by the authors respectively, but they appear in
literature as “vinula”’ and “ intercepta.”

XV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—LIII.
By T. D. A. Cockureti, University of Colorado.

Megachile heliophila, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 10 mm., expanse 20.

Black; rather robust, but parallel-sided; head rather
large, the cheeks and vertex very broad; clypeus densely
and strongly punctured, but shining between the punctures,
wholly without any median smooth or raised line, the
lower margin slightly undulate, obscurely subemarginate in
middle; mandibles broad and stout, the third tooth remote
from the second, the apical part not covered with hair ;
from beneath the lower edge of clypeus, and from lower edge
of mandibles, comes bright ferruginous hair, and there is a
tuft of long hair of the same colour on the end of the
labrum; antenne entirely black; vertex closely and finely
punctured ; hair of head and thorax long and loose, mostly
white, but brownish on clypeus, black on vertex and disc
of mesothorax, and much long black hair mixed with the
pale on scutellum ; mesothorax and scutellum very minutely

104 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

and densely punctured, but the margins of the punctures
shining; tegulz black, minutely punctured. Wings dusky ;
second submarginal cell very long. Legs black, with white
hair; middle and hind spurs black, but spurs of anterior
tibize red ; anterior femora with the upper side concave in
profile. Abdomen closely and finely punctured (not so
closely on dise of fourth segment) ; long erect white hair on
first segment and base of second, not hiding the surface ;
second beyond base, and third and fourth, with short fuscous
hair; a white marginal hair-patch on each side of first
segment, and white hair-bands, weak in middle, on second
and third; greater part of fifth segment, and all of sixth,
covered with appressed golden hair ; ventral scopa white.

Hab. Sunnybank, Queensland, Sept. 12, 1911 (H. Hacker).
Queensl. Mus, 9.

Rather like M. remotula, Ckll., but larger, the clypeus
differently formed, the flagellum not red beneath, &c. It
may also be compared with M. oblonga, Sm., but differs by
the dusky wings, the tuft of red hair on labrum, &c.

Sphecodes thoracicus, Ashmead.

St. Vincent. I recently examined the type of this species
in the U.S. National Museum. It is a slender bee with
peculiar coloration and a very large stigma. It appears to
represent a distinct genus.

Halictus auratus, Ashmead.

St. Vincent. I have examined the type in the US.
National Museum. The colours resemble those of Auyo-
chlora, but the inner orbits are as in Halictus. The face and
front are suffused with copper-red.

FHalictus indistinctus, Crawford.

Costa Rica. I examined the ? type in the U.S. National
Museum. The mesothorax is duil, only faintly green,
abruptly contrasting with the shining anterior border of
scutellum., The area of metathorax has about the basal
two-fifths plicatulate.

Andrena pecosana, sp. 0.

@ .—Length about 12 mm.

Black, with greyish-white hair, dense and lively pale
ochreous on vertex and thorax above; head broad ; facial
fovee broad, filling more than half the space between

Records of Bees. 105

antennze and eyes, seen from above very pale yellowish, not
widely separated from eye, extending downwards to about
level of top of clypeus ; third antennal joint nearly as iong
as the following three together; dise of clypeus shining,
sparsely punctured, marginal parts dullish and more closely
and finely punctured ; malar space linear; process of labrum
strongly bifid; tongue remarkably short; mesothorax micro-
scopically tessellate, dull, with sparse very feeble punctures ;
area of metathorax triangular, granular; tegule rufo-
testaceous. Wings hyaline, with a very faint brownish tinge,
the nervures and small stigma ferruginous ; second s.m.
broad, receiving first r.n. at middle or beyond. Legs with
pale hair, light orange-ferruginous on inner side of basitarsi ;
small joints of tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen dull, with ex-
cessively minute punctures; hind margins of segments with
very broad heavy entire ochreous-whitish hair-bands ; caudal
fringe pale reddish.

Hab. Pecos, New Mexico, August 31 (Cockerell).

Resembles A. grenicheri, Ckll., and A. mentzeliea, Ckll.,
especially the former, from which it differs by the bifid
process of labrum and the heavily banded abdomen.

Hypanthidium panamense, sp. un.

2 .—Length about 7} mm.

Robust ; head and thorax black and bright chrome-yellow,
with the dorsal pubescence orange-fulvous ; abdomen and
legs clear ferruginous and yellow, without black ; head and
thorax above very densely punctured ; punctures of meso-
pleura very large, posteriorly there is a smooth shining
impunctate area; head yellow, with the following parts
black: occiput and posterior part of cheeks, labrum, large
quadrate frontal patch enclosing the ocelli and sending a
band on each side to top of eye, having also three bands pro-
jecting from its lower border, one to each antenna, and one
to middle of supraclypeal area, a spot at each lower corner
of supraclypeal area; clypeus entirely yellow, except the
ferruginous anterior edge; mandibles broad, with only
two small teeth, cutting-edge black, behind this suffusedly
reddish, and basal part of mandibles yellow ; malar space
obsolete; autenne clear ferruginous, the scape yellow in
front ; thorax black, with the following parts yellow: large
patch occupying nearly all mesopleura, lar se part of tubercles,
rather narrow anterior (except in middle) ‘and lateral borders
of mesothorax (but no discal stripes), axillze and the broad hind
margin of the prominent, shallowly emarginate scutellum ;
base of metathorax with a series of large deep pits ; tegule

106. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

ferruginous, darkest in middle. Wings dusky, strongly so
in costal region; second r.n. going as far beyond second
t.-c. as first beyond first t.-c. Legs red and yellow, with
orange-fulvous hair, the yellow on under side of femora and
on basitarsi; no pulvilli. Abdomen shining, punctured, the
punctures much larger on the basal. than apical part of
segments ; first, third, fourth, and fifth segments with entire
yellow bands, second with a yellow patch on each side, apical
segment yellow with a ferruginous mark on each side ;
ventral scopa light fulvous.

Hab. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings). U.S.
National Museum.

Nearest to H. aureocinctum, Ckll., but mesothorax without
discal stripes and abdomen without black. Also related to
H. elegantulum (Smith), but antennz and abdomen differently
coloured.

Hypanthidium ecuadorium (Friese).

gd .—Length about 8} mm.

General form and appearance of H. flavomarginatum (Sm.) ;
head and thorax black and yellow (a sort of dilute orange) ;
the yellow parts of the head are the clypeus (except fuscous
lower edge), a broad supraclypeal band presenting two
angulations above (the inner side of each bounding the
autennal socket), broad lateral marks ending in a point at
level of lower side of anterior ocellus, a band across hind
part of vertex and extending halfway down cheeks, and
most of outer surface of mandibles; front, vertex, and meso-
thorax extremely densely punctured ; antenne reddish, the
scape yellowish in front near apex aud with a large black
mark on inner side; flagellum, except basally, strongly
suffused with dusky; sides of metathorax with a narrow
yellow band which curves around in front, but is very
broadly interrupted in middle ; axillee and scutellum (except
a broad basal triangle) yellow; metathorax with rather small,
irregular basal pits, and a large smooth excavated space on
each side; tubercles largely yellow; pleura black; tegule
large, light ferruginous. Wings fuliginous, especially in
costal region; second r. n. going as far beyond second t.-c.
as first beyond first t.-c. Legs variegated, blackened basally,
the femora with a red streak above, and the anterior and
middle ones with a shorter apical yellowish streak behind ;
tibiz reddish and blackish, the hind ones darkest; tarsi
dark, with white hair on outer side, anterior tarsi with
a long silky white fringe behind. Abdomen shining and
quite sparsely punctured, black, the hind margins of the

Records of Bees. 107

segments broadly dark reddish brown ; yellow markings on
abdomen as follows: on first segment a pair of very large
pyriform patches, pointing mesad, and not reaching sub-
dorsal region, on third to sixth a broad entire band ; apical
segment broadly rounded, black with a submarginal yellow
band, outside of which the margin is translucent ; dise of
seventh segment subcarinate, shining, with large sparse
punctures. 4

? .—Similar to the male, except as follows: mandibles
entirely black; clypeus black, except the narrowly yellow
upper lateral margins ; a yellow dot on supraclypeal area ;
lateral face-marks ending obtusely above, and below squarely
truncate at about level of upper end of clypeus; femora
without a yellow mark behind ; ventral scopa white.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald). Alfken col-
lection, 10.

Very similar to H. flavomaryinatum, but the face-markings
of the male are quite different, and there is no pit on the
seventh abdominal segments. This does seem to agree
quite perfectly with Friese’s too brief account of his Anthi-
dium flavomarginatum, var. ecuadorium, but his specimens
were taken by the same collector at the same place and are
doubtless conspecific.

Dianthidium macrurum, sp. n.

6 .—Length 15 mm. or rather more, if the abdomen were
held straight ; anterior wing 104 mm.

Red aud yellow, with little black; head and thorax
extremely densely punctured above, the mesothorax» dull,
but the pleura with larger, separated (though close) punc-
tures, the surface between them shining ; hair of head and
thorax fulvous dorsally, paler beneath, pale around the very
strongly keeled tubercles ; vertex, cheeks, and sides of front
rather narrowly ferruginous ; front except sides black, this
enclosing ocelli ; area between antenne red, but a black band
below antennz, but the lower part of the supraclypeal area
red; clypeus and sides of face yellow, the upper half of the
clypeus suffusedly reddened ; mandibles yellow with the
apex and cutting-edge black, only two well-formed teeth ;
labrum black ; antennze red, with the apical half or more of
flagellum black ; thorax red, the scutellum very bright, a
good deal of black in region between metathorax and meso-
pleura, and metathorax narrowly black at sides of base ;
tegul large, red, closely and finely punctured. Wings dark
reddish fuligimous; second r.n, going well beyond second

108 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

sm. Legs bright ferruginous red, with the hind basitarsi
yellow, and the others suffusedly more or less yellowish ;
pulvilli distinct. Abdomen rather long, tapering, red, with
an angular yellow patch on each side of second segment,
the third to fifth segments nearly all yellow except in middle
and on extreme lateral margins, and a transverse red patch
or band on the middle of the yellow on each side; seventh
dorsal segment obtusely angular at sides, and in middle pro-
duced into a very long bent finger-like process, the upper
side of which is keeled ; second ventral segment raised and
angulate in middle of apical margin.

Hab. Federal District, Mexico (J. R. Inda, 21). U.S.
National Museum.

A very distinct and remarkable species, kindly placed in
my hands for description by Mr. J. C. Crawford. I know
of no close relative ; on account of the structure of the
seventh abdominal segment it forms a section by itself.

Dianthidium bivittatum (Cresson).

Cresson described this in 1878 from two males collected
in Mexico. The female, hitherto unknown, has been found
at Livingston, Guatemala, May 11, by Messrs. Barber and
Schwarz. It is like the male, but has the following special
characters : clypeus black, its lower margin bidentate ; hair
of vertex and mesothorax all ochreous; mandibles massive,
with avery long and oblique quadridentate inner edge, a
large yellow spot on outer surface near base ; yellow face-
marks consisting of two bars, divergent above, between
antenae, and narrow stripes along the whole length of the
inner orbits ; yellow stripe of cheeks and occiput interrupted
at level of top of eyes, and again (broadly) in middle ; middle
femora with a yellow band beneath and hind ones with a
spot near apex; first two abdominal segments black with
shining pile, the others mainly orange, the sixth broadly
black apically ; ventral scopa thin and short, glittering pure
white. D. nectarinioides (Schrottky) is an allied South
American species.

These insects curiously resemble certain Eumenid wasps.

Dianthidium (Anthidiellam) eiseni, sp. n.

g —Like D.notatum (Latr.), but the markings cream-
colour ; femora black with the knees reddish ; dar ‘k parts of
tibiz reddish black, but anterior tibie ght ferruginons in
front ; lateral face-marks hardly going above level of antenne ;

Records of Bees. 109

supraclypeal area with only the lower corners pale ; axilla
black ; wings clear hyaline basally ; band on second abdo-
minal segment (narrowly interrupted in middle) more
slender.

Hab. San José del Cabo, Lower California. U.S. National
Museum.

This is evidently from the same lot as those recorded by
Fox, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, vol. v. p. 270, as a variety
of D. notatum, A relative in California is D. robertsoni,
Ckll., but that has differently formed and coloured markings.

Anthidium 22-punctatum, Friese.

3d ?. Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald). Alfken col-
lection, 9.

Friese’s measurements are too small, unless applied
to specimens with the abdomen contracted and turned
downward. In my female the outer spots on the fifth abdo-
minal segment are mere dots. The species belongs to
Anthidium, s. str., and closely resembles various North-
American species, from which it is readily known by the
5-dentate apex of male abdomen.

Agapostemon nasulus, Smith.

4g. Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald). Alfken col-
lection, 13. ‘These are quite typical.

Centris nigerrima (Spinola).

Chile. Anthophora dimidiata, Smith, is a synonym, as
shown by a specimen in my possession, from I, Smith’s
collection,

Centris euphenax, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 15 mm.

Robust; head, thorax, and legs black; abdomen with
the first three segments black with a very obscure bluish
tint, the hind margin of the third reddish ; remaining
abdominal segments bright ferruginous red ; clypeus shining,
sparsely punctured at sides, cream-coloured except the broad
lateral and upper margins (the cream-coloured area coming
to a point above) and the linear brown lower edge ; labrum
cream-coloured except the narrow lateral and apical margins,
its hair black ; eyes moderately converging above ; hair of
whole insect entirely black, except on the red (apical) part

110 On a new Species of Agoutt.

of the abdomen, where it is clear red. Wings rather dilute
fuliginous, violaceous.

Hab. Pachacayo, Peru, over 12,000 ft., March 27 (C. H.
T. Townsend).

A species of the same general type as C. hemorrhoidalis
(Fab.), but more robust, with the wings darker and the
abdomen less blue. Superficially, it is exactly like the
workers of Bombus coccineus, Friese, which were taken by
Professor Townsend at the same time and place.

Bombus rufocinctus albertensis (Cockerell).

The following notes, additional to the original description,
are taken from the type. Pile coarse, rather long, on
abdomen much shorter than in B. kirbyellus ; ovelli about as
in rufocinctus, as also the deep sulcus in front of middle
ocellus ; corbicular fringe pure black; spinules of tarsal
joints red; black interalar band eye-shaped, narrowing
laterally. The following measurements are in microns :-—
antero-posterior diameter of middle ocellus 357; transverse
diameter of a lateral ocellus 323; lateral ocellus distant
from eye 595 ; middle ocellus to lateral ocellus 221; length
of third antennal joint 595, of fourth 323, of fifth 357.

XVI.—Description of a new Species of Agouti (Myoprocta).
By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S.

Myoprocta pratti, sp. n.

General colour of upperside olive-green, owing to the pale
yellow annulation of the black hairs. Dorsally the pale
annuli are narrower than laterally, making the sides of the
body lighter than the back. Ventrally the yellow annuli
prevail over the black, so that the sides of the belly are pale
yellow. Along the middle line of the belly there is a narrow
but rather ill-defined white area, which spreads slightly
between the hind legs and markedly between the fore legs
on the chest, where it is set off both on the throat anteriorly
and on the inner side of the limbs by bright nearly orange-
yellow hairs. The anterior part of the throat behind the
interramal area whitish, but the sides of the nevk and the
cheek covered with hairs banded with black and biight

yellow. The top of the head, and especially the muzzle,

On the Classification of the Percoid Fishes. Lil

brighter coloured than the back. A bright yellow streak
behind each ear and a conspicuous bright yellow stripe
running internally down the front of the thigh to the hock.
Anterior surface of legs covered to the digits with hairs
speckled yellow and black.

Loc. Pern.

One specimen (type) presented to the Zoological Society
by Mr. B. Chavez, who brought it from the ‘ Amazons.”
A second procured by Mr. A. Ki. Pratt on the Marona River,
Peru.

In Myoprocta acouchy, Linn., from Guiana, the hairs are
speckled with rich rusty yellow, and many of those on
the hind-quarters are wholly black, the underside is rusty
orange all over, and the fronts of the legs are almost the same
colour as the belly and unspeckled.

XVII.—The Classification of the Percoid Fishes.
By C. Tate Reoan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue large and varied order Percomorphi occupies a central
position among the Teleostean fishes. On the one hand it
appears to be derived from the Berycomorphi, and on the
other it seems to have given rise to a number of specialized
offshoots, which may be regarded as ordinally distinet:
Scleroparei, Heterosomata, Plectognathi, Discocephali, Xeno-
pterygii, Pediculati, Symbranchii, and Opisthomi.

The Percomorphi may be thus defined :—.

“Symmetrical acanthopterous physoclists with normal
dorsal fin, pelvic fins never more than 6-rayed, subabdo-
minal, thoracic, jugular, or mental in position, the pelvic
bones typically attached to the cleithra ; principal caudal
rays not more than 17. No orbitosphenoid. Second sub-
orbital not forming a stay for the preoperculum. Post-
temporal more or less distinctly forked.”

At present I am inclined to recognize thirteen suborders,
viz. Percoidea, Trichiuroidea, Scombroidea, Siganoidea, Teu-
thidoidea, Kurtoidea, Gobioidea, Blennioidea, Stromate-
oidea, Anabantoidea, Mugiloidea, Polynemoidea. But it is
largely a matter of opinion whether some of these may not
be regarded as ordinally distinct, or whether others should
not rank merely as divisions of the Percoidea.

I have already dealt with the Trichiuroidea, Scombroidea,

112 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Gobioidea, and Blennioidea, and have given some account
of the Anabantoidea and Stromateoidea, whilst Starks has
described the osteology of the Mugiloidea.

The present paper deals mainly with the Percoidea, the
most generalized suborder, defined by the absence of the
special peculiarities which characterize the other suborders
of the Percomorphi. R

The limits and contents of the Percoidea are indicated in
the following scheme :—

Suborder PrERcCOIDEA.

1. Perciformes: Serranide, Pseudoplesiopide, Plesiopide,
Kuhhide, Centrarclide, Priacanthide, Chilodipte-
ride, Percidee, Sillaginide, Latilide, Lactariide,
Bathyclupeidee, Labracoglosside, Pomatomide, Rha-
chicentridz, Carangide, Menide, Bramide, Cory-
phenide, Centropomide, Arripidide, Erythrich-
thyide, Lutianidz, Nemipteride, Lobotidz, Liogna-
thide, Pomadasidie, Scianide, Mullide, Lethrinide,
Sparide, Meenide, Monodactylide, Pempheridee,
Toxotide, Scorpidide, Cyphoside, Girellidee, Ephip-
pide, Drepanide, Chtodontide, Scatophagide,
Enoplosidz, Histiopteridz, Pristolepide, Nandide,
Cichlid, Hoplegnathidz, Cepolide.

2. Cirrhiliformes: Cirrhitide, Chironemide, Haplodacty-
lidee, Chilodactylide, Latridide.

. Pomacentriformes : Pomacentride.

. Labriformes : Labride, Odacide, Scaride.
. Embiotociformes: Embiotocide.

. Gadopsiformes : Gadopside.

SIO O B OO

. Trichodontiformes : Trichodontide.
. Ammodytiformes: Ammodytide.

Oo ©

. Champsodontiformes : Cnampsodontide.

10. Trachiniformes: Opisthognathide, Bathymasteride,
Pinguipedide, Chimarrhichthyide, Trachinide, Perco-
phiide, Bembropside, Hemeroccetide, Trichonotide,
Creediide, Limnichthyide, Leptoscopide, Urano-
scopide.

11. Nototheniiformes: Bovichthyide, Nototheniide, Bathy-
draconide, Chzenichthyide.

_
co)

. Callionymiformes:; Callionymide, Draconettide.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 113

Division 1. PercrrorMes.

Spinous dorsal fin usually well developed. | Pelvic fins
usually thoracic, of a spine and 4 or 5 soft rays; pelvic
bones directly attached to cleithra. Mouth typically pro-
tractile, the premaxillaries with more or less developed
pedicels, and nearly always free from the maxillaries. Hyo-
palatine and opercular series of bones all present. Lower
pharyngeals not ankylosed. Parietals present, separated by
Supraoccipital ; opisthotic well developed ; a basisphenoid
usually present. Post-temporal forked; pectoral radials
hourglass-shaped, four in number, the lowest and sometimes
part of the next on the hypocoracoid.

In the following arrangement a few of the more aberrant
families are placed last, and the remainder are grouped into
those without (Serranidze to Coryphenide) and those with
a scaly process in the axil of the pelvic fins.

Fam. 1. Serranide.

Spinous dorsal usually well developed; anal spines usually
3; caudal usually with 17 principal rays, 15 branched (15,
13 branched, in Anthias) ; pelvics thoracic, each of a spine
and 5 branched rays, without axillary process. Two nostrils
on each side. Guill-membranes free from the isthmus ; 5 to
8 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz usually present.
Mouth protractile; villiform or cardiform teeth in the jaws
and usually on the palate ; each preemaxillary ramus with a
posterior process or expansion internal to the maxillary ;
latter broadest distally, usually exposed, rarely sheathed
by the preorbital. A subocular shelf. Two postcleithra
on each side. Vertebre 24 or more; first 2 or more
precaudals without parapophyses; some or all of the ribs
inserted on parapopliyses.

It may be noted that in Callanthias and Therapon all the
ribs are inserted on parapophyses*, and that those of the
genus Morone are rather exceptional in their insertion. In
this genus the vertebre number 25, the precaudals with
parapophyses from the third or fourth; of the 10 pairs of
ribs the last 3 to 5 (according to the species) are distinctly
inserted on the parapophyses, but it is rather a matter of
personal opinion as to how many of the remainder are
sessile; they may be described either as inserted on the
centra below and behind the parapophyses, or as on the

* Thus forming an exception to the statement made on p. 653 of the
‘Cambridge Natural History, Fishes.’

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. 8

114 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

bases of the parapophyses at their origin from the centra.
Practically the same structure is seen in Kahlia.

To the Serranidee I would add Acropoma, which has a sub-
ocular shelf, Malacichthys, probably related to Acropoma,
and Dederleinia (Anthias berycoides, Hilgend.). Two fine
examples of this species are in the British Museum Col-
lection, and a skeleton has been made of one of them; the
fish is typically Serranid. Diploprion, with 2 anal spines,
and Hapalogenys, with toothless palate, are typical Serranids
in other characters. Therapon, placed by Boulenger in the
Lutianide, has no pelvic axillary process,

The Pseudochromidide do not seem to me deserving
of family rank. Except for the 2 lateral lines they are
typical Serranide, and Pseudogramma, with the spinous and
soft-rayed portions of the dorsal fin subequal, connects
Gramma with Pseudochromis and Cichlops.

Fam. 2. Pseudoplesiopide.

The aberrant genus Pseudoplesiops differs from the Pseudo-
chromidinee in that the lower lateral line is absent, the
dorsal and anal have but a single spine each, and the

articulated rays of the "pelvic fins are unbranched, 4 in
number.

Fam. 3. Plesiopide.

General characters of the Serranide, but the pelvic rays
reduced in number, I 2-4, the first soft ray simply bifid. ,
The genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Pelvies 14, below or slightly in advance of the pectorals; anal
spines 8. A subocular shelf. Two lateral lines.
First soft ray of pelvic not thickened or pro-

CUCOL asa an hive Sige co eee SEG eee Trachinops.
First soft ray of pelvic thickened and produced ;

third and fourth small and slender ...... Plesiops, Paraplesiops.

II. Pelvics 12, well in advance of the pectorals, the first soft ray

pena and produced; anal spines numerous. No subocular
shelf.

Seales large ; one lateral line ................ Acanthoplesiops.
Scales small; 3 or 4 lateral lines ............ Acanthoclinus.

Fam. 4. Kuhliide.

Kuhha differs from the Centrarchide in the presence of
pseudobranchie, the absence of parietal crests, and the
different insertion of the ribs. Vertebre 25 (10415);
precaudals with parapophyses from the third or fourth ;

Classification 07 the Percoid Fishes. 115

first 4 or 5 ribs sessile, inserted below and behind the para-
pophyses; last 3 or 4 on the parapophyses.

In the structure of the vertebral column and the aitach-
ment of the ribs Kuhlia shows far more resemblance to
Morone than to the Centrarchide. Other characters con-
firm its relationship to Morone, and make it probable that it
is derived from Serranide of the type of that genus.

~

Fam. 5. Centrarchide.

After the removal of Kuhiia this is a very natural and
well-defined family, closely related to the Serranidz, but
distinguished by the vestigial or absent pseudobranchiz,
the absence of a subocular shelf, and the different attach-
ment of the ribs. Vertebre 25 to 33; precaudals with
transverse processes from the third or fourth; ribs mostly
sessile, inserted high up on the centra or on the bases of the
neural arches, above and behind the parapophyses.

Fam. 6. Priacanthide.

Differ from the Serranide especially in the reduced
nomber of vertebre, 23 (10+13), the first very short and
firmly adherent to the skull, the absence of a basisphenoid,
and the single postcleithrum. Caudal with 16 principal
rays, 14 branched.

Fam. 7. Chilodipteride.

This family includes fishes with the general characters of
the Serranide, but with only 2 anal spines. A separate
spinous dorsal of 5 to 9 spines. Jaws with villiform teeth,
sometimes with canines ; teeth on vomer and palatines. An
occipital crest ; parietal crests feeble or absent. Vertebre
24 to 27 (10-11+4+14-17); precaudals with parapophyses
from the fifth or sixth ; first 3 or 4 ribs sessile.

Principal genera: Apogon, Apoyonichthys, Chilodipterus,
Epigonus, Synagrops (Parascombrops, Melanostoma), Dino-
lestes.

A subocular shelf is present in Chilodipterus and many
species of Apogon, but not in Apogon maximus or in Epi-
gonus ; Synagrops, which is the nearest to Dinolestes in the
dentition, the scaly fins, &c., has a rather feeble shelf, but
Dinolestes has none.

A good account of the osteology of Dinolestes has been
given by Starks (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxii. 1899, pp. 113-
120, pls. vili.—xi.).

g*

116 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Fam. 8. Percide.

Especially distinguished from the Serranidz by the absence
of a subocular shelf and by having only 1 or 2 anal spines.
Vertebre 30 to 48.

In some species of Percina and Etheostoma I find the
principal caudal rays number 17 (1/15/1) ; in others be-
longing to Boleosoma and Ammocrypta there are 16 (1/14/1).
I have not fully investigated this, but the character will
probably be found of some taxonomic value.

Fam, 9. Latilide.

Dorsal continuous, with the spinous portion much less
extended than the soft or than the anal; latter with 1 or 2
spines ; caudal of 17 principal rays, 15 branched ; pelvics
thoracic, each of a spine and 5 soft rays, without scaly
axillary process. Mouth terminal, protractile; villiform
teeth in the jaws; often a canine near the distal end of the
premaxillary; palate toothless; posterior expansions of
premaxillary rami reduced; maxillary exposed distally,
without supramaxillary, with a proximal posterior expansion
more or less developed. A subocular shelf. Gill-membranes
united, but free from the isthmus; 6 branchiostegais ;
4 gills; pseudobranchiz present; lateral lne complete,
continuous. Occipital and parietal crests present, variously
developed. Vertebre 24 to 27 (10-12 + 14-15) ; pracaudals
with parapophyses from the first or third; all the ribs on
parapophyses.

Fam. 10. Sillaginide.

Spinous dorsal separate, of slender spines, less extended
than the soft dorsal or anal; later with 2 spines. Treth on
the vomer; jaws normally formed; maxillary concealed
beneath the expanded preorbital. Vertebree 33 (15418) ;
preecaudals with parapophyses from the third ; all the ribs
on parapophyses. In all other characters essentially similar
to the Latilide.

Fam, 11. Lactariide.

Lactarius has the general characters of the Serranide, but
there is no subocular shelf, the spinous dorsal is short,
separate, of slender spines, and the soft dorsal and anal are
long, covered with small scales. Mouth terminal, oblique,
with the lower jaw prominent; maxillary exposed, with

Classijication of the Perco'd Fishes. 117

supramaxillary; jaws with small pointed teeth and anterior
canines ; teeth on vomer and palatines. Upper surface of
head with large muciferous cavities, bordered by the parietal
crests, which are continued forward to the anterior extremity
of the frontals. Vertebree 24 (10+14) ; last 5 precaudals
with downwardly directed parapophyses; 4 ribs sessile, 4 on
parapophyses.

Fam. 12. Bathyclupeide.

Bathyclupea, sometimes associated with Pempheris, differs
from it externally in that the dorsal fin lacks spines and
there is but a single anal spine, as well as in the presence
of a supramaxillary ; the skeleton differs in that the hypo-
coracoids are narrowed forward below and the vertebrz
number 31 (l0+21). It seems probable that Bathyclupea
is related to Lactarius, from which it differs especially in
the absence of the spinous dorsal fin and the presence of a
subocular shelf.

Fam. 13. Labracoglosside.

The genera Labracoglossa (Cypselichthys), Bathystethus
(Platystethus), and Lvistius have the fins formed as in
Lactarius, except that the dorsal is continuous. Mouth
terminal, oblique, with the lower jaw included; maxillary
exposed, without supramaxillary ; minute teeth in the jaws,
without canines ; palate with or without teeth. No large
muciferous cavities on the head, the parietal crests, if
developed, commencing belind the orbit, not extending
forward in advance of the insertion of the trunk-muscles,
No subocular shelf.

I have examined spirit-specimens, and, judging by the
distance between the ribs, I estimate that the vertebrie
number 24 in all 3 genera.

Fam. 14. Pomatomide.

Searcely distinct from the Serranide, but the separate
spinous dorsal of a few slender spines, and the first
anal spine very small, often overgrown. Preeoperculum
with a membranous flap produced over the suboperculum.
Vertebrae 26 (10-114 15-16); praecaudals with downwardly
directed parapophyses from the sixth; first four ribs sessile ;
rest attached near the extremities of the parapoplhyses.

In Pomatomus (Temnodon) and Scombrops (incl. Tele-
scopias) scales are present, the soft dorsal and anal are

118 Mr. ©. 'T. Regan on the

densely scaly, the jaws have a series of strong pointed teeth,
with afew inner teeth anteriorly in the upper, smaller teeth
are present on the vomer and palatines, a supramaxillary is
present and is rather abnormal in form, having a well-marked
projection superiorly. Gymnapogon (Regan, Ann. & Mag.
N. H. (7) xv. 1905, p. 19) is near Scambrops, but there are
no scales and the supramaxillary is absent.

Fam. 15. Rhachicentride *.

The spinous dorsal of a few short free spines and the long
soft dorsal and anal distinguish Rhachicentrum from the
Serranide ; the skull is depressed, flattish above, with the
exoccipital condyles wide apart, and there is no subocular
shelf; otherwise the skeleton is Serranid.

Fam. 16. Carangide.

Differ from the Serranidz in the shorter spinous dorsal,
with the spines slender or short, the longer soft dorsal and
anal, the detachment of the two first anal spines from the
rest of the fin, the more widely forked caudal, with the bases
of the rays embracing the hypurals to a greater extent, and
the more slender caudal peduncle. Head-skeleton and
pectoral arch as in the Serranidee. Vertebra usually 24
(10+ 14) (10415 in Naucrates, 10+16 in Scombroides,
10+17 in Paropsis). In Seriola, Caranx, and their allies, the
anterior ribs are sessile and most of the ribs are inserted on
parapophyses when these are developed, but in Trachynotus,
Lichia, Paropsis, Scombroides, &c., parapophyses are de-
veloped from the third or fourth vertebra, but the ribs, except
the last two pairs, are sessile.

Fam. 17. Menide.

The very aberrant Mene may perhaps be related to the
Carangide, from which it differs externally in the absence
of dorsal and anal spines. The inner apophyses of the
maxillaries are compressed into vertical laminz, with their
lower edges articulating in a pair of parallel grooves separated
by a median ridge on the antero-superior surface of the
vomer; a similar arrangement occurs in the Carangid
Micropteryx. There is a strong occipital crest; the post-
orbital part of the skull is elevated and the epiotics meet
behind the supracccipital. There are 23 vertebra (9+14) ;

* Cf. Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. 1909, p. 68,

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 119

the enlarged first pair of ribs articulate with tle post-
cleithra, are sessile on the third vertebra, and are supported
by the strong parapophyses of the fourth and fifth vertebre ;
the other ribs are inserted on parapoplhiyses.

Fam. 18. Bramide.

Dorsal and anal fins long, without true spines, but with a
few of the anterior graduated rays non-articulated ; caudal
fin as in the Carangide ; scales large. Skull with parallel
occipital and parietal crests extending to the anterior edge
of the frontals as in typical Carangid, but the former very
high and with the edge nearly vertical anteriorly ; meseth-
moid hollowed out for the vertical premaxillary pedicels ;
no subocular shelf. Vertebra 42 to 47 ; most of the ribs at
the extremities of closed hemal arches,

Some species of Serie/a approximate very closely to Brama
in cranial structure.

Fam. 19. Coryphenide.

Differ from the Bramide in the small scales and in the
structure of the vertebral column ; 30 to 33 vertebre, tle
precaudals without parapophyses, the ribs and epipleurals
inserted together on the centra,

Fam. 20. Centropomide.

Closely related to the Serranidz and Lutianide. Spinous
and soft portions of the dorsal separate or united, subequal,
the former of 7 to 9 strong spines ; anal as long as or alittle
shorter than soft dorsal, with 3. spines; pelvic with a scaly
axillary process. Mouth moderately protractile; teeth acute
or obtuse, in jaws and on vomer and palatines ; maxillary
exposed. Subocular shelf broadest posteriorly. Lateral
line extending on caudal fin. Vertebre 24 or 25
(10-12 + 13-15) ; anterior preecaudals without parapophyses ;
first 3 to 5 ribs sessile.

The genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Parietal and occipital crests; operculum ending in a spine; a
supramaxillary ; a continuous dorsal fin; 25 vertebre.
Glaucosoma, Psammoperca, Lates.
II. An occipital, but no parietal crests ; frontals with strongly developed
muciferous channels; operculum without spine; preeoperculum
with a double ridge ; 24 vertebre.
A. Dorsals separate; a supramaxillary .... Centropomus.
B. Dorsals connected ; no supramaxillary .. Ambassis,

120 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Fam, 21. Arripidide.

Arripis scarcely deserves to be placed in a distinct family
from Glaucosoma, which it resembles in the structure of the
mouth, the dentition, the presence of a pelvic axillary
process, &c, The spinous portion of the dorsal fin, of 9
sleuder spines, is much shorter than the extended soft-rayed
part, which is considerably longer than the anal. The
lateral line ends or becomes indistinct at the base of the
caudal fin. Occipital crest short and parietal crests very
small ; vertebra 25 (10+ 15); first 5 without parapophyses ;
first 3 ribs sessile,

The absence of large muciferous channels on the frontals,
the broad subocular shelf, the maxillary exposed as in typical
Serranide and bearing a supramaxillary, the vomerine and
palatine teeth, and the 3 anal spines distinguish this genus
from the Sciznidz, to which it is only remotely related.

Fam, 22. Erythrichthyide.

Mouth toothless, strongly protractile; pramaxilaries
normally formed, their pedicels reaching an interorbital
depression of the frontals; maxillary very broad, with a
well-developed supramaxillary which slips under the preorbital.
In other characters essentially Lutianid; vertebrae 24
(10+14); first rib sessile, next 4 or 5 on very short para-
pophyses, last 2 or 3 on well-developed parapophyses.

A single genus, Erythrichthys, rather similar to Arripis in
cranial ostcology.

Fam. 23. Lutianide.

Spinous dorsal well developed ; soft dorsal not much
longer than anal; 3 anal spines ; caudal with 17 principal
rays, 15 branched; pelvics thoracic, each of a spine and
5 branched rays, with a scaly axillary process. Two nostrils
on each side. Gill-membranes free from the isthmus ; 5 to
7 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz present. Mouth
protractile; villiform or obtusely conical teeth in the jaws and
often on vomer and palatines; each premaxillary ramus
with a posterior process or expansion internal to the
maxillary ; each maxillary ramus broadest distally, not over-
lapped externally by the extremity of the premaxillary,
slipping under the preorbital and first suborbital for at least
the greater part of the length of its upperedge. Outer face
of palatine flattish or concave, without distinct ridge. A

ee a ee

an

Classtfication of the Percoid Fishes, 121

strong subocular shelf. Occipital and_ parietal crests
developed. Vertebree always 24 (10+14); first 2 to 6
without parapophyses ; first 1 to 4 ribs sessile.

Principal genera: Lutianus, Genyoroge, Hoplopagrus,
Aspilus, Chetopterus, Odontonectes, Cesio, Aphareus, Aprion,
Propoma, Etelis, Verilus.

Fam. 24. Nemipteride.

Dorsal X 9. Anal III 7-8. Palate toothless ; maxillary
ramus as broad just below its palatine articulation as it is
distally ; outer face of palatine with a strong ridge from the
base of the maxillary process to the pterygoid. Vertebrze 24
(10+ 14); all the preecaudals with parapophyses and all
the ribs on parapophyses. In other characters essentially
similar to the Lutianide.

Principal genera: Heterognathodon, Nemipterus, Scolopsis.

Fam. 25. Lobotide.

Closely allied to the Lutianide, but with the palate
toothless and with no subocular shelf.

Two genera, Lodotes and Datnioides ; in both the maxillary
is sheathed throughout its length and the scaly axillary
process of the pelvic fin is developed. The occipitai crest
does not extend forward on to the frontals, but is elevated
and has the auterior edge thickened ; the parietal crests are
weak. Vertebre 24 (10+14 in Datnioides, 12+12 in
Lobotes) ; in Datnioides the first 6 preecaudals without para-
pophyses, the first 4 ribs sessile, the last 4 on parapophyses;
in Lobotes the first 5 preecaudals without parapophyses, the
first 4 or 5 ribs sessile, the last 5 or 6 on parapophyses. In
Datnivides the premaxillary pedicels are long and extend to
above the posterior margin of the orbit; they lie in a de-
pression of the frentals; in Lobotes they are of moderate
length and do not reach the frontals.

Fam. 26, Liognathide.

Closely related to the Lutianide. Dorsal fin depressible
in a sheath, with 9 or 10 spines, the first short, the second
the longest ; soft rays subequal ; 2 to5 anal spines. Pelvics
with large axillary processes. Mouth very protractile, the
long premaxillary pedicels lying in a groove or chamber
formed by the bifurcation of the occipital crest ; maxillary
variable in form, but always with the anterior edge curved

122 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

more or less in the shape of an S; distal extremity exposed ;
no supramaxillary ; palate toothless. Vertebrae 24(10+4 14);
first 3 without parapophyses; first rib sessile, rest on
parapophyses.

In Gerres, Eucinostomus, &c., there are 10 soft rays in the
dorsal fin and the second suborbital emits a triangular
internal lamina; in Pentaprion, Liognathus, and Gazza
there are 15 or 16 soft rays in the dorsal fin, the suborbitals
are not or but feebly ossified, and there is no subocular shelf.
'The two last-named genera differ from the others in their
small scales and in having the gill-membranes attached to
the isthmus.

Fam. 27. Pomadaside.

Closely related to the Lutianide, differing especially in
the absence of a subocular shelf. Palate toothless, or small
teeth on the vomer, Vertebrz 26-27 (10-11 +16-17), the
precaudals with parapophyses from the third or fourth, the
ribs inserted on the parapophyses when these are developed.
Outer face of palatine with a ridge along its posterior edge.

Principal genera: Xenichihys, Xenocys, Xenistius, Para-
pristipoma, Plectorhynchus, Boridia, Conodon, Pomadasis,
Hemutlon.

Fam. 28. Scienide.

After the exclusion of Arripis this is avery natural group,
closely related to the Lutianide, differing especially in that
the soft dorsal is usually more elongate and the anal has
only one or two spines; the scaly axillary process of the
pelvic fin may be present or absent. The mouth is formed
as in the Lutianide, the maxillary without a supramaxillary,
either concealed or at least slipping under the przorbital
and first suborbital for the entire length of its upper edge ;
the teeth in the jaws are usually villiform, sometimes
lanceolate ; the palate is toothless. Muciferous channels
are weil developed on the upper surface of the head ; the
subocular shelf, when present, is a small and usually slender
process of the second suborbital. The vertebree number 24
to 30; the anterior precaudals without parapophyses and
with sessile ribs, the posterior ribs inserted on parapophyses.

The genera of this very varied family are numerous
(cf. Jord. & Everm. Fish N. Am. p. 1392).

Boulenger’s definition, that the anal is much shorter than
the soft dorsal, does not hold good. Seriphus, Ayres, with
the anal fin rather longer than the soft dorsal, has the
skeleton of a typical Scizenid.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 123

Fam. 29. Mullide.

Spinous dorsal short, of 6 to 8 slender spines, well
separated from the short soft dorsal, which is similar to the
anal; 1 or 2 anal spines; caudal with 15 principal rays,
13 branched; pelvics thoracic, each of a spine and 5 soft
rays, with a scaly axillary process. Two nostrils on each
side. Gill-membranes free from the isthmus; 4 branchio-
stegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchize present. A pair of long
barbels attached to the hyoid behind the symphysis of the
lower jaw. Mouth protractile ; villiform teeth in the jaws
and often on vomer and palatines ; premaxillary rami long,
without distinct posterior processes or expansions ; maxillary
rami usually broadest distally, not overlapped externally by
the premaxillaries, sheathed for the greater part of their
length. Palatine without ridge. A strong subocular shelf.
Occipital and parietal crests developed. Vertebre 24
(10+ 14) ; all the precaudals with parapophyses and all the
ribs on parapophyses. os

This family differs from the Lutianidz in several characters
of specialization.

Principal genera: Mullus, Mulloides, Upeneus, Upeneoides,
Upeneichthys.

Fam, 30. Lethrinide.

Closely related to the Lutianide. Gill-membranes broadly
united, but free from the isthmus. Anterior teeth villiform,
with canines ; lateral teeth conical or obtuse, in a single
‘series ; palate toothless. Przemaxillaries with rather long
pedicels and short rami, the latter without posterior expan-
sions or processes and with their distal ends internal to the
maxillaries. Occipital crest strong; parietal crests strong
or moderate. Vertebre 24 (10+14), all the pracaudals
with parapophyses, all the ribs, or all but the first, inserted
on the parapophyses.

The three genera may be grouped thus :—

I. Subocular shelf small, emitted by the second suborbital but mainly
internal to the first; maxillary with a very broad posterior
expansion below its articulation with the palatine; maxillary
process of palatine normal; outer face of palatine with a prominent
ridge which extends on tothe pterygoid,. Pentapus, Spherodon.

lI. Subocular shelf vestigial, a minute process of the second suborbital
at its junction with the first; maxillary with a moderately broad
posterior expansion, which is overlapped by a tlattish downwardly
curved brauch of the maxillary process of the palatine; outer face
of palatine without ridge .............. Lethrinus.

124 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Fam. 31. Sparide.

Differ from the Lutianidze especially in that the distal end
of the preemaxillary ramus overlaps the maxillary externally.
Mouth moderately protractile, the premaxillary pedicels not
or scarcely reaching the frontals ; maxillary more or less
expanded forward distally, but without distinct notch in its
anterior edge ; palate toothless. A strong subocular shelf,
developed forwards from the second suborbital and mainly
internal to the first. Occipital and parietal crests well
developed. Vertebrae 24 (10+ 14).

The principal genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Preecandal vertebre with parapophyses from the third; first rib
‘sessile; teeth conical, with anterior canines,
Dentex.

II. All the pracaudals with parapophyses and all the ribs on
parapophyses.
A. No canines; no transverse series of a few enlarged anterior

teeth.
Teeth villiform, in bands, anteriorly acute,
laterally conical or obtuse ........ Pagellus.
Teeth villiform or cardiform, in bands, the
outer series compressed, lanceolate... Gymmnocrotaphus, Cantharus.
A single series of INCISORS, | /2':, Was Hep Bow, Scatharus.

Anteriorly a series of incisors with small
obtuse teeth behind them; lateral

teeblee yalatoOrm srk! «5 oe de ng ieee ee Oblata.
Two series of incisors and within them 2 ,
Ole RELIES OL MOlATS «5 as sats bs tee Crenidens.

B. Anteriorly a transverse series of a few enlarged canines or incisors;
laterally 2 to 4 series of molars.
Calamus, Stenotomus, Sparus, Pagrus, Diplodus, Chrysophrys.

Fam. 32. Menide.

Closely related to the Sparidze. Maxillary with a notch
in its anterior edge for the reception of the distal end of the
premaxillary ramus; mouth very protractile, the pre-
maxillary pedicels extending to the occiput ; small pointed
teeth in the jaws and sometimes on the vomer. Subocular
shelf quite small, developed forwards from the anterior end
of the second suborbital. Occipital crest short, rather weak ;
parietal crests feeble. Vertebree 24 (10+ 14) ; all the pre-
caudals with parapophyses and all the ribs on parapophyses.

Genera: Mena and Smaris.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 125

Fam. 33. Monodactylide.

This family includes 3 genera with the body deep and
strongly compressed, the dorsal and anal long and covered
with scales, the former preceded by 5 to 8 graduated spines,
the latter by 3, and the pelvic fins small or even vestigial,
inserted below the pectorals. Mouth normally formed,
terminal, oblique, protractile, with small villiform teeth in
the jaws and on the palate; maxillary exposed distally,
without supramaxillary. Gill-membranes free from the
isthmus. <A strong occipital crest extending forward to the
anterior margin of the froutals. Vertebre 24 (10414) ;
preecaudals with parapophyses from the third or fourth ;
ribs, except the last pair, sessile, inserted behind and above
the parapophyses.

The recently described Bramichthys (Waite, Rec. Austral.
Mus. vi. p. 72, pl. xiv.) differs from Monodactylus in the
cycloid scales, and in the normally formed pelvic fins with a
scaly axillary process. Monodactylus has the body ovate or
nearly circular and the pelvic fins very small, with a short
stout spine and no axillary process ; a subocular shelf is
present and the pelvic bones are merely coalescent by their
inner edges, Psettus differs not only in the very deep and
abnormally formed body, but in the absence of a subocular
shelf and the ankylosis of the pelvic bones.

The Eocene Amphistium may belong to this family.

Fam. 34. Pempheride.

Except for the shortness of the dorsal fin Pempheris shows
considerable resemblance to the Monodactylide (especially
Bramichthys) in external characters. The head-skeleton is
very like that of Alonodactylus, but the pectoral arch differs
in the greater expansion of the hypocoracoids, The vertebrz
number 24 (10+14), the caudals rather elongate; the
anterior ribs are sessile, but the last 5 are inserted on
well-developed parapophyses.

Fam. 35. Toxotide.

Dorsal rather short, above the anal, preceded by 5 strong
spines ; soft dorsal and anal scaly ; pelvic fins well developed,
below the pectorals, with scaly axillary process. Mouth
rather large, terminal, oblique, p:otractile, with small villi-
form teeth in the jaws and on the palate; maxillary very

126 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

slender, without supramaxillary. No subocular shelf. Gill-
membranes free from the isthmus. Head flattish above,
with the occipital crest short and the parietal crests vestigial.
Vertebrae 24 (10+14); precaudals with parapophyses from
the third ; ribs, except the last pair, sessile, inserted behind
and above the parapophyses.

Toxotes may be, in my opinion, rather closely related to
the Monodactylide.

Fam. 36. Scorpidida.

Spinous dorsal well developed; soft dorsal and anal
densely scaly; 3 anal spines ; pelvics normally developed,
with scaly axillary processes, well behind the pectorals,
the pelvic bones elongate. Mouth moderately protractile,
normally formed ; maxillary more or less exposed distally,
without supramaxillary ; jaws with villiform or slightly
compressed and lanceolate teeth in bands; teeth usually
present on vomer and palatines, A subocular shelf.
Vertebree 25 (10+ 15) ; preecaudals with parapophyses from
the third or fifth ; ribs, except the last pair, sessile, inserted
above and behind the parapophyses.

In Scorpis the vertebre number 25 (10415), the pre-
caudals with parapophyses from the third; the strong
occipital and parietal crests end at a transverse ridge which
forms the posterior border of the frontals, which are rather
strongly elevated posteriorly.

The skeleton of Medialuna is precisely similar to that of
Scorpis, and the two genera differ only in the dentition and
in the form of the spinous dorsal. Atypichthys is very near
Medialuna, but parapophyses commence on the fifth vertebra
and the frontals are less elevated posteriorly. Neatypus
and Atyposoma are the remaining genera of this family.

Fam. 37. Cyphoside.

Differs from the preceding especially in the absence of a
subocular shelf and in the dentition, the jaws having an
outer series of strong incisors implanted by horizontal roots,
with a series of smali villiform teeth behind them. Vertebrz
26 (10+26); praecaudals with transverse processes from the
fourth ; ribs, except the last, sessile; first epipleural
expanded, laminar.

Genera: Cyphosus, Sectator, Hermosilia.

TI have examined the skeleton of C. boscii, which is
extremely similar to that of Atypichthys.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 127

Fam. 38. Girellide.

Probably related to the Scorpidide and Cyphoside, to
which they bear a considerable resemblance. Mouth small ;
maxillary concealed beneath the preorbital and first sub-
orbital ; no supramaxillary ; jaws with bands of incisors ;
palate toothless. A subocular shelf. Vertebre 27 (11+ 16);
all the precaudals with parapophyses and all the ribs
inserted on parapophyses.

I have examined the skeleton in Girella, Melambaphes,
and Doydixodon, which differ in their osteology from the
Scorpidide only in the structure of the vertebral column
and the attachment of the ribs. Proteracanthus is near
Doydixodon, but has the gill-membranes broadly joined to
the isthmus.

Tephreops, Pachymepoton, and Dipterodon probably
pertain to this family.

Fam. 39. Ephippide.

Body deep, compressed. Soft dorsal and anal densely
scaly; 3 anal spines; caudal of 17 principal rays, 15
branched. Gill-membranes broadly attached to the isthmus.
Mouth small, terminal, not or scarcely protractile; jaws
with bands of setiform teeth ; palate toothless. An elevated
occipital crest ; no parietal crests. Vertebre 24 (10+ 14);
preecaudals with parapophyses from the fourth ; ribs, except
the last 2 pairs, sessile.

Ephippus has a distinct spinous dorsal and a broad sub-
ocular shelf. Platax and Parapsettus have the dorsal spines
graduated and the subocular shelf very feeble.

Fam. 40. Drepanide.

In general form, development of the vertical fins, dentition,
structure of the skull, and vertebral column, similar to the
. Ephipphide. Mouth protractile, with the maxillary exposed
distally. No subocular shelf.

Fam. 41. Scatophagide *.

Body deep, compressed. Spinous dorsal well developed ;
anal spines 4; caudal of 16 principal rays, 14 branched ;
pelvic axillary process present. Gill-membranes forming

* Cf. Gill, Proc, U.S. Nat, Mus. xiii. 1891, p. 355,

128 Mr. ©. T. Regan on the

a fold across the isthmus, to which they are narrowly
attached. Mouth small, terminal, transverse, not protractile ;
jaws with bands of setiform teeth; palate toothless. An
elevated occipital crest; no parietal crests; a subocular
shelf. Vertebraee 23 (10+13) ; last 3 preecaudals with para-
pophyses ; ribs sessile, inserted high up on the centra or on
the bases of the neural arches.

Fam. 42. Chetodontide.

Body deep, compressed. Spinous dorsal well developed ;
soft dorsal and anal densely scaly; anal spines 3 or 4;
caudal of 17 principal rays, 15 branched; pelvic axillary
process present. Gill-membranes sometimes united, but
free from the isthmus, more often narrowly attached to the
isthmus. Mouth small, terminal, protractile; jaws with
bands of setiform teeth; palate toothless. An elevated
occipital crest: no parietal crests; a subocular shelf.
Vertebrie 24 (10+14); pracaudals with transverse processes ;
ribs much expanded proximally, inserted on the trausverse
processes, with which they form an extended articulation.

Principal genera: Chetodon, Chelmo, Heniochus, Hola-
canthus, Pomacanthus.

Fam. 43. Enoploside.

Enoplosus appears to be at least as closely related to the
Histiopteridze as to the Scorpididz. It resembles the Histio-
pteridze in the large pelvic fins with long and strong spines
placed below or slightly behind the pectorals, the short
and broad pelvic bones, the occipital crest with the anterior
edge thickened, the absence of parietal crests, &e. Mouth
normally formed; maxillary exposed distally, with supra-
maxillary ; villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer and
palatines ; preorbital normally attached to Jateral ethmoid,
forming part of the border of the orbit; a subocular shelf.
Vertebree 26 (104+ 16); preecaudals with parapophyses from -
the fifth ; ribs, except the last pair, sessile.

Fam. 44. Histiopteride.

Differs from the preceding especially in that the preorbital
is displaced forward, not entering the orbit, and in the
vertebral column, which comprises 25 vertebre (13412),
the precaudals with parapophyses from the fourth or fifth,

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 129

the ribs inserted on the parapophyses. There is no supra-
maxillary and the external bones of the head are rugose,
uncovered by skin.

Jordan (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxii. 1907, p. 235) details
the external characters of the family and gives a synopsis of
the genera. I have examined the skeleton in Histiopterus
aud Pentaceropsis.

Fam. 45. Pristolepide.

Mouth small, moderately protractile, the premaxillary
pedicels not reaching the frontals. Jaws formed as in the
Lutianidz, with villiform teeth ; teeth on vomer, palatines,
and parasphenoid. Pseudobranchiz absent; gill-membranes
united. Spinous dorsal well developed; 3 anal spines ;
caudal of 14 principal rays, 12 branched. Lateral line
interrupted. Vertebre 25 or 26 (13-14+412); pracaudals
with parapophyses from the third or fourth ; ribs sessile,
inserted above and behind the parapophyses.

This family includes two genera only, Pristolepis, Jerd.,
and Badis, Bleek. Both have a well-developed meso-
pterygoid, which in Pristolepis bears a patch of conical
teeth. In Pristolepis the parasphenoid teeth are obtuse,
rounded molars ; they form a large patch in the roof of the
mouth which is opposed to a similar group of teeth on
the tongue; the first 3 suborbitals give rise to a rather broad
subocular shelf, the supraoccipital and parietal crests are
strong and the pelvic fin has a scaly axillary process. In
Badis the parasphenoid teeth are conical and form a small
group, which is placed posteriorly ; the suborbitals are not
ossified and there is no subocular shelf; the skull is smooth
and rounded above, the occipital crest does not extend
forward on to the frontals, parietal crests are not developed,
and the pelvic fin has no scaly axillary process.

Fam. 46. Nandide.

Mouth large, very protractile, the pramaxillary pedicels
long, lying in a hollow formed by the bifurcation of the
occipital crest ; distal extremity of premaxillary ramus
articulated to outer face of maxillary ; maxillary exposed ;
no supramaxillary. Villiform teeth in the jaws and on
vomer aud palatines. Pseudobranchi# absent; gill-mem-
branes not united. Spinous dorsal well developed ; anal
spines 3 or 4; caudal of 14 or 16 principal rays, 12 or 14
branched ; pelvic fin without scaly axillary process. Lateral

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. Y

yw

130 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

line interrupted. Vertebre 23 (10-13+ 10-13); preecaudals
with parapophyses from the seventh or eighth; last 2 to 4
pairs of ribs on parapophyses,

All the genera have a _ well-developed mesopterygoid.
Nandus has 3 or 4 anal spines, a very small patch of teeth
on the parasphenoid just in front of the upper pharyngeals,
13+10 vertebre, and no subocular shelf.

Polycentrus and Polycentropsis have numerous anal spines,
no parasphenoidal teeth, and 10+13 vertebra. In Poly-
centrus the subocular shelf is narrow, in Polycentropsis it is
a triangular lamina. Monocirrus is allied to Polycentrus.

Fam. 47. Hoplegnathide.

Probably related to the Lutianidz and Lethrinide, from
which they differ especially in that the mouth is non-
protractile, the maxillaries are firmly attached to the pre-
maxillaries, and the teeth are fused to form a beak, much as
in the Scaridz. Premaxillary rami short ; maxillary with
a large posterior expansion just below its palatine articula-
tion; palatine normal. Subocular shelf developed forward
from the second suborbital, but mainly internal to the first.
Gill-membranes broadly united, but free from the isthmus.
Pelvic fin with a scaly axillary process. Vertebre 25
(10+15); preecaudals with parapophyses from the fourth ;
ribs, except the first, imserted on parapophyses.

Fam. 48. Cichlide.

Fins usually as in the Serranide and other generalized
Perciformes. A single nostril on each side; lower pharyn-
geals attached by their inner edges or united by suture; no
subocular shelf.

Fam. 49. Cepolide.

Body very elongate and strongly compressed ; no lateral
line. Dorsal and anal very long, without spinous rays, con-
nected with the reduced caudal, of about 10 rays; pelvics
scarcely in advance of the pectorals, each of a spine and
5 branched rays, without axillary process. Two nostrils on
each side. Mouth protractile, termimal, oblique; jaws
normally formed; maxillary exposed, without supramaxillary;
villiform teeth in the jaws; palate toothless. Gill-mem-
branes not united, free from the isthmus; 6 branchiostegals ;
4 gills; pseudobranchie present. Subocular shelf absent

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 131

or very narrow. Occipital crest short, not prominent; no
parietal crests. Vertebrae numerous, 65-100, equal in number
to the dorsal rays (in C. rubescens 15+54); precaudals
with parapophyses from the eighth ; ribs on parapophyses
when these are developed.

Genera: Cepola and Acanthocepola.

The Cepolidz are aberrant Serranide, and differ from that
family in little but the absence of spinous rays in the
vertical fins, the reduced caudal, the elongate form, and in-
creased number of vertebree.

Division 2. CiRRHITIFORMES.

I have already dealt with this group in a separate paper
(Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 191], pp. 259-262).

The *pharyngognathous ” fishes of the order Percomorphi
form three well-marked and probably not specially related
groups, which resemble each other in the ankylosis of the
lower pharyngeals to form a single bone. Were it not for
this all three would be included in the division Perciformes,
since their external and anatomical characters are those of
typical perciform fishes.

Division 3. DitReMIFrorRMEs.

Lower pharyngeals ankylosed to form a triangular plate ;
second upper pharyngeals absent, third and fourth united.
A subocular shelf. A single postcleithrum on each side.
Vertebree 32 to 42 (18-19 + 19-23) ; first centrum rigidly
united to skull; ribs sessile, attached to the centra above
the parapophyses. ‘Two nostrils on each side. Four gilis.

This division includes but a single family, Ditremide,
viviparous shore-fishes of the North Pacific.

Division 4. PoMAcENTRIFORMES.

Lower pharyngeals ankylosed to form a subtriangular
plate ; second upper pharyngeals distinct, third and fourth
united. A subocular shelf. Two postcleithra on each side.
Vertebre 26 (11415) ; first centrum normally articulated
with skull; ribs inserted in sockets at the distal extremities
of transverse parapophyses. A single nostril on each side,
34 gills.

This division also includes but a single family, the Poma-
centridz, littoral fishes of warm seas,

gt

132 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Division 5. LAaBrirorMEs.

Lower pharyngeals ankylosed ; second upper pharyngeals
united with third and fourth. No subocular shelf. Two
postcleithra on each side. Vertebre 23 to 53 (9-31 + 14-22) ;
first centrum normally articulated with skull; ribs attached
above and behind parapophyses, which usually bear them
away from the centra. Two nostrils on each side. 34 gills.

Fam. 1. Labride.

Mouth protractile; premaxillary pedicels well developed,
usually extending to the frontals ; dentary firmly attached
to articular. Teeth in jaws usually separate. Dentigerous
portion of lower pharyngeal ovate, triangular, Y-shaped or
T-shaped, with conical, granular, or molariform teeth; upper
pharyngeals similarly toothed, stout bones with concave
upper surfaces supported by a pair of convex apophyses of
the parasphenoid. Each pelvic fin of a spine and 5 branched
rays. Vertebre 23 to 41 (9-20+ 14-22) ; pracaudals with
parapophyses ; all the ribs on parapophyses (except in
Epibulus).

Subfam. 1. Jorrpryz.

Dorsal VITI-XI 9-14, the spines all similar. Anal
TI-III 9-14. Vertebre 24 to 26 (9-10415-16); all the
ribs on parapophyses. Jaws with conical or compressed
teeth, the anterior more or less enlarged and canine-like;
lower pharyngeal triangular or Y-shaped, with conical or
obtuse teeth. Frontals hollowed out anteriorly for reception
of the praemaxillary pedicels ; occipital and parietal crests
not extending forward beyond middle of orbits.

The genera may be thus arranged :—

I, Lateral line continuous; cheeks and opercles scaly ; 9 to 11 dorsal
spines .......- Pteragogus, Duymeria, Labrichthys, Labroides,
II. Lateral line interrupted; cheeks and opercles scaly ; 9 dorsal spines.
Doratonotus.
ILI. Lateral line continuous; head naked ; 8 or 9 dorsal spines.

Anampses, Hemigymnus, Julis, Leptojulis, Pseu-
dojulis, Stethojulis, Platyglossus, Halicheres, Iri dies

Guentheria, Corts, Cheilio, Gomphosus,

Fishes of tropical and subtropical seas.

Classification of the Percoid Iishes. 133

Subfam. 2. Xyricuruyvin.

Dorsal IX 12, the two anterior spines flexible, often form-
ing a separate fin. Anal I11 12. Vertebre 25 (9+16) ;
all the ribs on parapophyses. ‘Teeth in jaws conical, with
anterior canines ; lower pharyngeal triangular or Y-shaped,
with conical teeth. Frontals not hollowed out anteriorly ;
parietal crests vestigial or absent.

Cymolutes, Novaculichthys, Xyrichthys, Iniistius, from
tropical and subtropical seas.

Subfam. 3. Cyermrrm2z.

Dorsal IX-X1T9-11. AnalTII 8-9. Vertebre 23 (9 + 14);
all the ribs on parapophyses. Teeth in jaws conical, with
anterior canines ; lower pharyngeal T-shaped, with conical
or obtuse teeth. Frontals not hollowed out anteriorly ; occi-
pital and parietal crests strong, extending forward to above
anterior margin of orbit. Mouth moderately protractile, the
premaxillary pedicels not reaching the frontals ; hyopalatine
bones normal.

Cheilinus, Pseudocheilinus, Cirrhilabrus, from the Indo-
Pacific.

Subfam. 4. Hprevrrm2z.

Differ from the preceding in that the first 3 ribs are sessile
and in the extraordinarily protractile mouth, the premaxillary
pedicels reaching the occiput and flattening out the occipital
crest. The palatine is disconnected from the suspensorium,
the pterygoid and mesopterygoid are absent, and the proximal
end of the long slender quadrate is movably articulated with
the preoperculum and the lower ends of the metapterygoid
and symplectic.

Eypibulus insidiator from the Indo-Pacific.

Subfam. 5. Czrepricrv 2x.

Dorsal XI110. Anal III 12. Vertebre 27 (10+17).
Mouth small, strongly protractile, feebly toothed. Lower
pharyngeal small, Y-shaped; teeth of upper and lower
pharyngeals confluent, forming vertical plates with denticu-
lated edges.

Cleplicus parre, Schneid., from the West Indies,

134 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Subfam. 6. Harprrva.

Dorsal XI-XIV 7-11. Anal III 9-14. Vertebre 27-30
(11-138 + 16-17) ; all the ribs on parapophyses. Teeth in
jaws conical, uniserial, with anterior canines; lower pharyn-
geal a subtriangular or T-shaped plate, broader than long,
with blunt teeth forming a pavement. Frontals hollowed
out anteriorly for reception of the premaxillary pedicels ;
occipital crest strong aud parietal crests well developed.

Lachnolaimus, Harpe, Pimelometopon, Semicossyphus, Tro-
chocopus, Decodon, Xiphochilus, Cherops, from tropical and
temperate seas.

Subfam. 7. PsrvpopacinZ.

Dorsal XI 12. Anal III 14. Jaws anteriorly with two
pairs of broad incisors ; lateral teeth confluent to form a
sharp-edged plate. Lower pharyngeal an ovate plate with
concave upper surface, much longer than broad, with several
series of obtuse teeth forming a pavement and with a short
anterior stem bearing a single series of 3 conical teeth.

Pseudodax moluccanus, Cuv. & Val., from the Indian
Ocean and Archipelago, seems not very remote from Cherops.

Subfam. 8. Lasrrvz.

Dorsal XITI-X XI 8-14, the spines pungent. Anal IIJ—
V1 7-11, not longer than the soft dorsal. Vertebre 81-41
(138-20 + 18-22) ; all the ribs on parapophyses. Jaws with
conical teeth increasing in size anteriorly ; lower pharyngeal
a subtriangular plate, with the teeth acutely or obtusely
conical. Froutals hollowed out anteriorly for reception of
the premaxillary pedicels ; occipital and parietal crests well
developed.

Labrus, Crenilabrus, Ctenolabrus, Tautogolabrus, Tautoga,
Acantholubrus, Centrolabrus, from the North Atlantic and
Mediterranean.

Subfam. 9. Maracoprerin x.

Dorsal X VIII 14, the spines flexible. Anal III 18, longer
than soft dorsal. Teeth in jaws conical, uniserial, enlarged
anteriorly.

Malacopterus reticulatus, Cuv. & Val., from Chile.

Fam. 2. Odacide.
Mouth non-protractile, but jaws formed as in the Labride;

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 135

teeth in jaws coalescent, forming a sharp-edged plate;
pharyngeals as in the Labride ; pharyngeal teeth granular,
forming a pavement. Dorsal spines flexible, numerous (16
to 24); each pelvic fin of a spine and 4 soft rays. Scales
small or moderate ; lateral line continuous. Skull flattish
above, with a more or less distinct interorbital depression
for the reception of the premaxillary pedicels ; a short occi-
pital, but no parietal crests. Vertebrz 36 to 53 (19-31 + 17-
22) ; all the ribs on parapophyses,

Four genera: Olistherops, Coridodax, Odax, and Siphono-
gnathus, from the coasts of Australia and New Zealand.
Siphonognathus is a remarkable type, very elongate, with the
head like that of a Fistularia, and without pelvic fins.

Fam. 3. Scaride.

Mouth non-protractile ; maxillary firmly attached to pre-
maxillary; dentary movably articulated with articular; jaws
short and powerful, with the teeth united to form a pair of
sharp-edged plates, recalling the beak of a parrot. Denti-
gerous portion of lower pharyngeal quadrangular, with
longitudinal series of transversely expanded linear teeth
forming a pavement ; upper pharyngeals similarly toothed,
produced upwards into vertical plates with thickened convex
upper edges moving backwards and forwards in a pair of
grooves on the parasphenoid. Scales large, about 25 in a
longitudinal series ; lateral line abruptly decurved or inter-
rupted posteriorly. Dorsal fin of 9 spines and 10 or 11 soft
rays, anal of 2 or 3 spines and 8 to 10 soft rays, pelvics of a
spine and 5 soft rays. Skull with occipital crest strong and
parietal crests well developed. Vertebre 25 (9-10 + 15-16);
all the ribs on parapophyses.

Scarus, Pseudoscarus, Callyodon, Sparisoma, &c., shore-
fishes of the tropics.

Division 6. GADOPSIFORMES,

Fam. Gadopside.

Gadopsis scarcely differs from the Perciformes in osteo-
logy, but there is no mesopterygoid and there are 2 radials
on the hypercoracoid and 2 on the bypocoracoid. The
pelvic fins are jugular, each reduced to a small spine and
a bifid ray. Against Blennioid relationships are the inter-
vention of the prootic between parasphenoid and alisphenoid,
the 3 anal spines, the dorsal and anal rays more numerous

136 } Mr. C. T. Regan on the

than the corresponding myotomes. Vertebre 21+ 26; ribs,
except the first 2 or 3, on strong parapophyses.

Division 7. TrRIcHODONTIFORMES.

This division includes a single family, differing from the
Perciformes in the pectoral fin-skeleton.

Fam. Trichodontide.

This family includes 2 genera, Trichodon and Arctoscopus,
related to the Perciformes. The external characters are
given by Jord. & Everm. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvil. p. 2295,
figs. 806, 807). The principal osteological characters of
Trichodon trichodon are as follows :—Skull flattish above,
without crests or ridges on upper surface; suborbitals ossi-
fied, without subocular shelf; jaws normally formed, the
maxillary broadest distally, without supramaxillary ; meso-
pterygoid vestigial or absent; head skeleton otherwise
apparently Perciform. Post-temporal forked; hypercora-
coid and hypocoracoid separated; radials 4, rather large
and laminar, only the uppermost on the hypercoracoid.
Pelvic bones rather Jong and narrow. Vertebre 49
(17+32); posterior pracaudals with parapophyses; ribs
on parapophyses when these are developed.

T)ivision 8. AMMODYTIFORMES.

Fam. Ammodytide.

Body elongate, naked or scaly. Vertical fins without
spines, the dorsal rays nearly equal in number to the
vertebre below them, the caudal of 15 principal rays,
13 branched; pectorals rather low; pelvic fins, when
present, jugular, very small, of a spine and 3 soft rays.
Snout rather long and pointed; eyes lateral; mouth
protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw prominent ; pre-
maxillary slender; maxillary not exposed, without supra-
maxillary, proximally with an anterior expansion or process,
which meets its fellow above the short premaxillary
pedicels; teeth in jaws minute or absent; palate toothless.
Gill-membranes free from the isthmus; 4 to 8 branchi-
ostegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz. Head-skeleton normally
Percoid as regards number and arrangement of bones;
suboperculum very large, projecting considerably beyond

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 137

operculum; skull long, flattish above, with a short occipital
aud no parietal crests; nasals long, nearly or quite meeting
above the mesethmoid; no subocular shelf. Pectoral arch
Perciform, the 4 radials normally hourglass-shaped, only
the lowest on the hypocoracoid. Vertebrz 69 (40+ 29) in
Ammodytes lanceolatus ; first very short, with the centrum
convex anteriorly, fitting the single concavity formed by the
basioccipital and exoccipitals ; latter meeting above the
former; ribs blade-like, anteriorly sessile, posteriorly on
short parapophyses ; epipleurals mostly on ribs.

Genera: Embolichthys, Bleekeria, Ammodytes, Hyperoplus,
Hypoptychus.

The systematic position of this family has been the cause
of considerable discussion. Boulenger interpreted the Oligo-
cene Cobitopsis, with abdominal pelvic fins, as a member of
this family. After examination of the examples of Cobitopsis
acutus in the British Museum collection I have doubt that
this fish is a congener of the existing Scombresocid, Chrio-
dorus atherinoides of the coasts of Florida.

I have carefully examined a spirit-specimen of Bleckeria
callolepis and compared it with Ammodytes; the two genera
are very closely related, and Embolichthys, Jordan, scarcely
differs from Bleekeria except in the presence of jugular
pelvic fins.

The nearest allies of the Ammodytidz among the Percoids
seem to be the Percophiide ; but the relationship is not very
close, and the Ammodytidz may well form a separate division,
Ammodytiformes.

Division 9. CHAMPSODONTIFORMES.

Fam. Champsodontide.

Champsodon differs from the Trachiniformes in that the
small pectoral fin has the base oblique; the radials are
elongate hourglass-shaped, 3 on the hypercoracoid, which
is quite narrow and is pierced by a small foramen, and 1 on
the hypocoracoid. Spinous dorsal short, separate ; soft dorsal
and anal long; pelvics large, close together, well in advance
of the pectorals. Mouth oblique ; maxillary exposed ; cardi-
form teeth in jaws and in two separate patches on vomer.
Gill-membranes separate, free. No mesopterygoid. Bones
of skull arranged as in normal Perciformes. Skull de-
pressed, flat above, expanded behind the orbits. Vertebrie
31 (12+ 19); praecaudals with parapophyses from the

138 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

fourth; ribs.on parapophyses when these are developed ;
epipleurals attached near insertion of ribs.

Centropercis nudivittis, Ogilb., 1895 (Waite, Mem. Austral.
Mus. iv. 1, 1899, pl. xi. fig. 2), is evidently closely related to
Champsodon.

Division 10. TRACHINIFORMES.

This is an unsatisfactory and perhaps artificial assemblage
of families. ‘The dorsal and anal fins are more or less elon-
gate, the latter preceded by only 1 or 2 feeble spines, the
pectorals have vertical bases and the pelvics, inserted below
or in advance of the pectorals, have the middle or inner rays
longest. The head-skeleton is Perciform, but a constant
feature is the absence of well-marked crests on the upper
surface of the skull. The pectoral radials are 3 or 4 in
number, the 2 lowest inserted on the hypocoracoid. For
the whole or the greater part of the length of the soft dorsal
fin there is one ray to each myotome.

Fam. 1. Opisthognathide.

Lateral line single, running high, incomplete, ending near
middle of dorsal fin. Dorsal continuous, with the spinous
and soft-rayed portions subequal; anal with 2 spines ;
caudal with 14 or 15 principal rays, 12 or 13 branched ;
pelvics in advance of the pectorals, close together, each
of a spine and 5 soft rays, without scaly axillary process.
Mouth terminal, nearly horizontal, protractile; jaws
normally formed ; maxillary broad, exposed, with supra-
maxillary ; villiform or cardiform teeth in jaws and
sometimes on vomer. ‘Two nostrils on each side. Gill-
membranes free from the isthmus; 6 branchiostegals ;
4 gills; pseudobranchize present. A narrow subocular
shelf. Skull narrow between and expanded behind the
orbits; postorbital part evenly convex above ; occipital
crest only on the posterior face of skull, which i i long and
oblique; no parietal crests; exoccipital ‘condy les separate ;
prootics forming a roof for myodome and basisphenoid
present. Foramen in hypercoracoid ; radials rather broad and
flat, 2 on hypercoracoid and 2 on hypocoracoid. Vertebre
29 (10+ 19); preecaudals with parapophyses from the fifth ;
3 ribs sessile, 5 on parapophyses ; epipleurals on ribs.

Principal genera: Gnathypops, Stalix, Opisthognathus.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes, 139

Fam. 2, Bathymasteridz.

Lateral line terminating near end of the many-rayed dorsal
fin, which has only a few spines anteriorly ; no supra-
maxillary ; vomerine and palatine teeth. No subocular
shelf from the second suborbital, but the first and the pree-
orbital form a shelf for attachment to the lateral ethmoid,
Prootics not forming a roof for the myodome ; no _)basi-
sphenoid. Vertebrie 49 to 52 (14-15 + 35-37) ; preecaudals
with parapophyses from the third ; ribs, except the first, on
parapophyses. In other characters similar to the Opistho-
gnathidee, to which they are closely related.

Principal genera : Bathymaster, Rathbunella.

Fam. 3. Pinguipedide.

Lateral line complete, continuous. Dorsal fin elongate,
continuous, with a few spines anteriorly ;. rays equal in
number to the vertebre below them, each basal attached
to its own neural spine. Anal long, with 2 spines. Caudal
with 15 or 17 principal rays, 13 or 15 branched. Pelvics
below or somewhat in advance of the pectorais, fairly wide
apart, each of a spine and 5 branched rays, without scaly
axillary process. Mouth protractile, terminal, slightly
oblique ; jaws normally formed ; maxillary concealed, with-
out supramaxillary ; teeth in jaws villiform, with canines ;
teeth on vomer and usually on palatines. Two nostrils on
each side. Gill-membranes united, free from the isthmus :
6 branchiostegals ; 4. gills; pseudobranchize present. No
subocular shelf. Skull flattish above, rather strongly ex-
panded behind the orbits, the sphenotics with prominent
projections ; occipital crest short and parietal crests indis-
tinct or absent ; exoccipital condyles well Separated; a
basiphenoid. Foramen in hypercoracoid (Pinguipes) or
between it and hypocoracoid (Parapercis) ; radials hour-
glass-shaped, 4 in number, 2 on hypocoracoid ; postcleithra
laminar, 2 on each side. Vertebree 30-38 (10-16 + 20-22) ;
precaudals with parapophyses from the third ; all the ribs,
or all but the first, on parapophyses ; epipleurals attached to
parapophyses or to ribs near their insertion, |

Principal genera : Pinguipes, Parapercis, Neopercis.

Fam. 4, Chimarrhichthyide,

Chimarrhichthys, with a Single species from mount

ain
torrents of New Zealand, differs from the Pinguiped

ide

140 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

in that the pelvic fins are somewhat more advanced and
wider apart, and the mouth is non-protractile and inferior.
Pectoral arch much as in Pinguipes, but the radials squarish.
Vertebre 383 (fide Waite, Trans. N.Z. Inst. xlii. 1909,
p- 390).

Fam. 5. Trachinide.

Fins as in the Pinguipedide, except that the caudal has
13 principal rays, 11 branched, and the pelvic fins are close
together and well in advance of the pectorals. Mouth
oblique, maxillary exposed, subocular shelf well developed
and mesopterygoid broad. Foramen between hyper- and
hypocoracoid ; radials very short, 2 on hyper- and 2 on
hypocoracoid. Vertebre 42 (12430); pracaudals with
parapophyses from the eighth; ribs and epipleurals in-
serted together, on parapophyses when these are developed.
In other characters resembling the Pinguipedidee.

A single genus, Zrachinus,

Fam. 6. Percophiide.

Lateral line complete, continuous. Spinous dorsal sepa-
rate, of a few slender spines; soft dorsal and anal very
long ; rays of soft dorsal equal in number to the vertebrie
below them, each basal attached to its own neural spine ;
one anal spine; caudal with 15 principal rays, 13 branched ;
pelvics in advance of the pectorals, wide apart, each of a
spine and 5 branched rays, without scaly axillary process.
Mouth terminal, oblique, protractile; jaws normal; maxillary
exposed, without supramaxillary ; teeth in jaws cardiform,
with canines ; teeth on vomer and palatines. Two nostrils
on each side. Gill-membranes not united, free from the
isthmus; 7 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz
present. A subocular shelf; mesopterygoid broad; skull
much as in Zrachinus, but more depressed, with the ex-
occipitals united behind the supraoccipitals, forming a roof
for the foramen magnum. Pectoral arch as in Pinguipes, the
radials a little shorter. Vertebre 77 (22+85) ; posterior
precaudals with short parapophyses ; ribs and epipleurals
mostly sessile, inserted together, the latter the stronger.

Fam. 7. Bempropside.

This family includes two closely related genera, Bembrops
(Hypsicometes) and Chrionema, with short; separate spinous

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 14

dorsal, rather long soft dorsal and anal, no anal spines,
caudal with 10 or 11 branched rays, and pelvics well separated,
jugular, each of a spine and 5 soft rays. Body scaly;
lateral line descending anteriorly, for most of its course
nearer anal than dorsal fin. Gill-membranes not united,
free from isthmus; opercular membrane produced; 7
branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz. Eyes large ;
interorbital region narrow; suborbitals unossified; snout
broad, depressed; mouth terminal, protractile, with the
lower jaw prominent; maxillary exposed; villiform teeth ir
jaws and on vomer and palatines. In Bembrops the hyper-
coracoid is perforate and there are 3 radials, corresponding
in form and position to the 3 lower radials of Parapercis.

Fam. 8. Hemerocetide.

Body scaly ; lateral line running along middle of side.
Spinous dorsal, if present, short; soft dorsal and anal long ;
no anal spines ; caudal of 10 principal rays, 8 branched ;
pelvics jugular, well separated, each of a spine and 5 branched
rays. Mouth protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw
somewhat the shorter; maxillary slightly exposed distally,
without supramaxillary, with a forwardly directed spine just
in front of the preorbital; villiform teeth in the jaws and
in 2 separate patches on the vomer; none on the palatines.
Eyes rather large and close together; suborbitals well
ossified. Gill-membranes not united, free from isthmus ;
6 branchiostegals ; 4 gills ; pseudobranchiz. Head-skeleton
as in the Pinguipedide, but no basisphenoid and no pro-
minent sphenotie process ; pectoral arch similar, but a large
foramen between hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid and upper-
most radial completely fused with the former. Vertebrie
(in. Hemerocetes) 48 (13435); precaudals with para-
pophyses from the fifth; ribs not ossified, but a series of
epipleurals.

Two genera: Acanthaphritis (Pteropsaron) and Hemero-
caeles.

Fam. 9. Trichonotide,

Body scaly; lateral line running along middle of side.
Dorsal long, with a few unarticulated rays anteriorly ; anal
long, with a feeble spine; caudal of 13 principal rays, 11
branched ; pelvics jugular, separated by a narrow interspace,
each of a spine and 5 branched rays. Mouth protractile,
terminal, with the lower jaw projecting ; maxillary not or

142 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

scarcely exposed, without spine ; villiform teeth in jaws and
on vomer and palatines. Hyes close together; suborbitals
well ossified. Gill-membranes not united, free from isthmus;
7 branchiostegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchize. Head-skeleton
and pectoral arch much as in Hemerocetes. Vertebree 53

(23 +380); only the last 4 precaudals with parapophyses;
ribs and epipleurals sessile, inserted together.

Trichonotus and Teniolabrus.

Fam. 10. Creediida.

Body elongate, scaly; lateral line running very low.
Vertical fins without spines ; dorsal, of 12 or 13 rays, placed
above and much shorter than the anal, which has 26 or 27;
caudal with 10 principal rays, 8 branched ; pelvics jugular,
narrowly separated, each of a spine and 4 soft rays. Snout
conical; eyes close together; suborbitals well ossified ;
mouth protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw the shorter ;
small pointed teeth in the lower Jaw ; upper jaw and palate
toothless. Gill-membranes not united, free from isthmus ;
7 branchiostegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchize. Hypercoracoid
with a small foramen near its lower margin.

This family is related to the preceding ; it includes but a
single species. This remarkable little fish, Creedia clathri-
squamis, Ogilby, 1898, from the coasts of New South Wales
and Victoria, is represented in the British Museum by a
specimen of 70 mm. from Port Phillip, Victoria. This
agrees with the type and differs from the example figured by
Waite (Mem. Austral. Mus. iv, 1, 1899, p. 63) in that the
premaxillaries form a fleshy projection in front of the
mouth ; the absence of this projection in Waite’s example
is probably due to an accident, or possibly to a congenital
malformation ; it is unlikely that it is a sexual character,

Fam. 11. Limnichthyide,

Body elongate, scaly; lateral line complete, running low
posteriorly. Vertical fins without spines ; dorsal, of 19 to
26 rays, placed above the anal, which has 27 to 29; caudal
with 12 principal rays ; pelvics jugular, close together, each
of a spine and 5 branched rays. Snout conical; eyes close
together ; mouth protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw
the shorter ; villiform teeth in jaws and on palatines. Gill-
openings wide, the membranes free from isthmus; 7
branchiostegals.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 143

Two genera, each with a single species, from Eastern
Australia, may be distinguished thus :—

Dorsal 25-26, slightly shorter than anal; pectoral

normal; vomer toothless: v5. raj» ed wale cave ..++ Limnichthys,
Dorsal 19, shorter than anal; pectoral with lower rays
thickened and modified; vomer toothed.......... Schizochirus,

These fishes have been described by Waite (Rec. Austral.
Mus. v. 1904, pt. 3, p. 178, pl. xxiii. fig. 4, and pt. 4,
p. 241, pl. xxvi. fig. 3).

Fam. 12. Leptoscopide.

Body elongate, moderately compressed or cylindrical,
scaly; lateral line complete, running along middle of side.
Vertical fins without spines, the dorsal and anal long, with
the rays equal in number to the vertebre below or above
them ; caudal of 12 or 13 principal rays; pectorals broad-
based; pelvics well separated, in advance of the pectorals,
each of a spine and 5 branched rays. Mouth protractile,
terminal, very oblique, with the lower jaw prominent;
premaxillary ramus with a posterior expansion at its distal
end; maxillary exposed, without supramaxillary, broadest
distally; jaws with villiform teeth. Head covered with
skin. Gill-membranes free from isthmus; 6. branchio-
stegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz ; opercular bones normal ;
suborbitals ossified, without subocular shelf. No meso-
pterygoid; metapterygoid large, articulating with sphenotic.
Skull depressed, flattish above; parietals separated by supra-
occipital ; a short occipital and no parietal crests; exoccipital
condyles widely separated ; no basisphenoid. Post-temporal
forked, normally attached ; hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid
broad ; foramen in hypercoracoid ; radials 4, short and
broad, rigidly attached, 25 on hypocoracoid ; pelvic bones
flat, horizontal. Vertebrae 43-46 (10+ 33-36); praecaudals
gradually increasing in length to the eighth ;_parapophyses
absent or vestigial; no ribs, but a series of epipleurals,

The two genera, from the coasts of Australia and New
Zealand, may be distinguished thus :—

Teeth in jaws, in 2 separate patches on vomer and on palatines,
Leptoscopus,
Palate toothless; head broad ; eyes superior........ Crapatalus,

Fam. 13. Uranoscopide.

Body moderately elongate, cylindrical, naked or scaly ;
lateral line running high, A short spinous dorsal often

144 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

present; soft dorsal and anal moderately long; pelvics
narrowly separated. Head broad, with the eyes superior ;
mouth terminal, nearly vertical, with the lower jaw promi-
nent; villiform teeth in jaws, in 2 separate patches on
vomer, and on palatines. Bones of head exposed; pre-
orbital and first suborbital forming a shelf; operculum
large and suboperculum small. Mesopterygoid present, but
small and narrow; metapterygoid large, but not reaching
sphenotic. Parietals meeting above supraoccipital. Upper
fork of post-temporal laminar, rigidly united to skull; radials
still shorter than in the Leptoscopide, united to hyper-
coracoid and hypocoracoid by suture or ankylosis. Pelyic
bones erect, vertical lamine. Vertebre 26-30 (11-12+
16-18); first moderately long, firmly attached to skull ;
precaudals increasing in length from the second and third,
which are very short, to about the seventh; precaudals
with parapophyses from the sixth; ribs present, anteriorly
attached to under surface of epipleurals, posteriorly on
parapophyses.

In other characters similar to the Leptoscopide, to which
they are closely related.

Division 11. NororTHENIIFORMES.

I have recently characterized this group and made a
revision of the species (Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh, xlix,
1918, pp. 249-289).

Division 12. CALLIONYMIFORMES,.

The peculiarities of the skeleton of the head and of the
pectoral arch and the reduced number of vertebree warrant
the recognition of a separate division for the Callionymide.
This family may be related to the Pinguipedidee, but is
much more specialized. The Gobiesocide differ in many
characters of importance.

Fam. 1. Callionymide.

Body naked; lateral line present. Spinous dorsal separate,
of 3 or 4 slender flexible spines ; anal similar to soft dorsal,
without distinct spine, with 7 to 12 rays; caudal with about
10 principal rays ; pelvics in advance of the pectorals, wide
apart, each of a spine and 5 branched rays. Mouth pro-
tractile, terminal, horizontal, the lower jaw not prominent ;

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 145

preemaxillary ramus without posterior expansion ; maxillary
concealed, without supramaxillary ; small teeth in the jaws,
none on the palate. Gill-membranes broadly joined to the
isthmus ; 6 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchie.
Przeoperculum with a strong spine at the angle; operculum
normal. Suborbitals ligamentous; no mesopterygoid or
metapterygoid; skull depressed, narréwed between and
expanded behind the orbits; sphenotic with a curved pro-
jection, as in the Pinguipedide ; occipital crest short and
parietal crests absent ; exoccipital condyles widely separated;
no basisphenoid; mesethmoid ossified as an interorbital
septum. Post-temporal forked, but forming an integral part
of the skull ; supracleithrum slender, nearly horizontal, and
directed outwards; postcleithrum a single slender rod ;
foramen between hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid; radials
large, flat, 3 in numher, all on the hypocoracoid. Vertebre
21 (7+14), compressed, especially posteriorly ; neural
spines below the dorsal fin and hemal spines above the
anal bifid for reception of the basalia ; no ribs ; przecaudals,
except the first, with long epipleurals, the anterior sessile,
the posterior ones on short parapophyses.
Principal genera: Callionymus, Synchiropus, Dactylopus.

Fam. 2. Draconettide.

Evidently related to the Callionymide, with which they
agree in the number of vertebre, as I have ascertained by
counting the myotomes in Centrodraco * acanthopoma, Rgn.
This species, from the North Atlantic, differs from Draconetta
of the North Pacific in that the dorsal spines are stout and
pungent, the second much the longest, and in the presence
of a single series of teeth on vomer and palatines. I have
ascertained that the pectoral radials are large, elongate as
in Callionymus. The family differs externally from the
Callionymidz in the absence of a lateral line, the entire
preoperculum, and the reduction of the operculum and
suboperculum to a pair of strong spines ; in the last feature
these fishes resemble Harpagifer.

* This generic name is here proposed for the first time.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 10

146 Geological Society.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 20th, 1912.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On the Genus:Aulophyllum.’ By Stanley Smith, B.A.,
M.S8c., F.G.S., Clare College, Cambridge.

Aulophyllum is a genus belonging to the Clisiophyllid group.
It is found in the Upper Beds of the Carboniferous Limestone
Series in Britain and on the Continent. It appears in the lower
part of the Dibunophylium Zone (D,), becomes common in the
middle subdivision of the zone (D,), and is plentiful in the highest
limestones investigated (D,).

The coral was first described by David Ure, in 1793, as Fungites;
the genus was established by Milne-Edwards & Haime in 1850,
The Author includes in this genus Thomson’s genus Cyclophyllum.
The genus is described in detail, and then the ontogenesis is
discussed. The development of the various items of coral anatomy
is first treated ; and the Author subsequently deals with the growth
of the coral considered as a whole, six stages being recognized by
him. The forms found in D, do not advance beyond stage d.

Structural variation is then considered. The Author regards all
the species previously described as variations of the same species,
but recognizes several well-marked types and a number of time
mutations. Many specimens of the coral display the phenomenon
of rejuvenescence. The structural changes observed are described,
and the nature of the rejuvenescence is briefly discussed.

December 4th, 1912.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.I.S., President,
in the Chair.

_ The following communications were read :—

1. ‘On the Lower Paleozoic Rocks of the Cautley District
(Yorkshire).’ By John Edward Marr, Sc.D., F.R.S., V.P.G.S.

The following classification is suggested for the Ordovician rocks
of the district :—
(Bede Shales.
Beds above the Volcanic Group. |
AsuGILLIAN. { Contemporaneous Volcanic Group, } Stawrocephalus Beds.
Beds below the Volcanic Group.
Bees Beds.
Carapocian. Calymene Beds.

The Phacops and Calymene Beds are remarkably similar in litho-
logical characters (dark calcareous shales and impure limestones),
but the paleontological change is at the top of the Calymene Beds,
and the fauna of the Phacops Beds is allied to that of the succeed-
ing strata.

In addition to other fossils, the Ashgillian strata contain grapto-
lites, which have not been found, however, in the Ashgill Shales.
Dicellograptus anceps Nich. comes in the Phacops Beds, and ranges

Geological Society. 147

up into the beds above the Volcanic Group. The Ashgillian beds
are, therefore, the zone of Dicellograptus anceps.

The succession in this district is much clearer than in the Lake
District, and it is suggested that it be adopted as the type sequence
for the Ashgillian beds of the North of England.

Some notes on the faunas of the Silurian rocks, of which the
detailed sequence has been previously established, are given.

2. ‘The Trilobite Fauna of the Comley Breccia-Bed (Shropshire).’
By Edgar Sterling Cobbold, F.G.S.

The Author describes a trilobitic fauna from the matrix of a
breccia of Middle Cambrian age, found near Comley Brook, in one
of the excavations made for the Excavations Committee of the
British Association. This fauna includes forms referred to Agraulos
ef. quadrangularis Whitfield, Conocoryphe cqualis Linnarsson,
C. bufo Hicks, C. impressa Linnarsson, Microdiscus punctatus Salter,
together with new species of Paradowides, Dorypyye, Ptychoparia
(Liostracus), and some indeterminate forms, provisionally referred
to Agraulos (Strenuella).

This Breccia-Bed is made up of the recompacted waste of Lower
Cambrian sandstones, many of the included blocks yielding species
belonging to the Protolenus-Callavia fauna. It rests directly upon
bedded Lower Cambrian sandstone, and is therefore regarded as a
basal deposit of the Middle Cambrian.

The fossils contained in the matrix indicate an horizon that is
probably equivalent to a part of the Paradowides-tessini Zone of
Scandinavia. As they are specifically distinct from those of the
Quarry-Ridge Grits of Comley, which are also basal but rest upon
Lower Cambrian limestones. containing the Protolenus-Callavia
fauna, the inference is drawn that the two deposits are separated
by a distinct interval of Cambrian time.

3. ‘ Two Species of Paradoxides from Neve’s Castle (eh IET :
By Edgar Sterling Cobbold, F.G.S.

The Author figures portions of two species of Paradoaides, col-
lected in 1892 by Mr. J. Rhodes for H.M. Geological Survey.
These are referred to P. hicksi Salter, and to a new variety of
P. bohemicus Boeck.

Species of Agnostus, Ptychoparia (Liostracus), Agraulos, Hyo-
lithus, and Acrotreta occur in the same rock-fragments, but are not
sufficiently well-preserved for exact specific determination.

December 18th, 1912.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On the Discovery of a Paleolithic Human Skull and Mandible
in a Flint-bearing Gravel overlying the Wealden (Hastings Beds)
at Piltdown, Fletching (Sussex).’ By Charles Dawson, F.S.A.,
F.G.S., and Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., See.G.s,
With an Appendix by Prof. G. Elliot Smith, M.D., F.R.S.

The gravel in which the discovery was made occurs ina field

148 Geological Society.

near Piltdown Common, in the parish of Fletching (Sussex), and
is described by the first Author. In the section exposed it is
about 4 feet thick. It consists, for the greater part, of waterworn
fragments of Wealden ironstone and sandstone, with occasional
pebbles of chert, probably from the Greensand, and a considerable
proportion of Chalk-flints, which are also waterworn, all deeply
stained with oxide of iron, and most of them tabular in shape.
The human skull was originally found by workmen, broken up by
them, and most of the pieces thrown away on the spot. As many
fragments as possible were recovered by the Authors, and half of
a human mandible was also obtained by the first Author from a
patch of undisturbed gravel close to the place where the skull
occurred. ‘Cwo broken pieces of the molar of a Pliocene type of
elephant and a much-rolled cusp of a molar of Mastodon, were also
found, besides teeth of Hippopotamus, Castor, and Equus, and a
fragment of an antler of Cervus elaphus. Like the human skull
and mandible, all these fossils are well mineralized with oxide of
iron. Many of the waterworn iron-stained flints closely resemble
the ‘eoliths’ from the North Downs, near Ightham. Mingled
with them were found a few Paleolithic implements of the
characteristic Chellean type. The gravel at Piltdown rests upon
a plateau 80 feet above the River Ouse, and at a distance of less
than a mile to the north of the existing stream. It appears to
cover several acres; but, at the same level on the opposite (south)
side of the river, it is represented only by scattered flints. Numerous
iron-stained tabular flints, like those of the Piltdown gravel, have
been found in the basin of the Ouse between the Chalk escarpment
and Sheffield Park, and between this escarpment and Uckfield.
As they are identical with the flints well-known in the plateau-
deposits of the North and South Downs, it may be assumed that
they have been derived from a plane, formerly existing between
those two points.

The human skull and mandible, and the associated fossils, are
described by the second Author. The skull (which unfortunately
lacks the bones of the face) exhibits all the essential features of
the genus Homo, with a brain-capacity of not less than 1070 c.c., but
possibly a little more. It measures about 190 mm. in length from
the glabella to the inion, by 150 mm. in width at the widest part
of the parietal region; and the bones are remarkably thick, the
average thickness of the frontals and parietals being 10 mm., while
an exceptional thickness of 12 mm. is reached at one corner, The
forehead is steeper than that of the Neanderthal type, with only a
feeble brow-ridge ; and the conformation of the occipital bone shows
that the tentorium over the cerebellum is on the level of the ex-
ternal occipital protuberance, asin modern man. Seen from behind
the skull is remarkably low and broad, and the mastoid processes
are relatively small. The right mandibular ramus is nearly ©
complete to the middle of the symphysis, lacking only the articular
condyle and the upper part of the bone in advance of the molars,
The horizontal ramus is slender, and, so far as preserved, resembles
in shape that of a young chimpanzee (Anthropoythecus niger). The

Geological Society. 149

lower symphysial border is not thickened and rounded, as in man,
but produced into a thin inwardly-curved flange, as in the apes.
The ascending ramus is comparatively wide, with extensive in-
sertions for the temporal and masseter muscles, and a very slight
sigmoid notch above. Molars 1 and 2, which occur in their
sockets, are typically human, though they are comparatively large
and narrow, each bearing a fifth cusp. ‘The socket of molar 3
indicates an equally large tooth, placed well within the ascending
ramus of the jaw. The two molars have been worn perfectly flat
by mastication, a circumstaace suggesting that the canines re-
sembled those of man in not projecting sensibly above the level of
the other teeth. The weakness of the mandible, the slight pro-
minence of the brow-ridges, the small backward extent of the
origin of the temporal muscles, and the reduction of the
mastoid processes, suggest that the specimen belongs to a female
individual, and it may be regarded as representing a hitherto
unknown genus and species, for which a new name is proposed,

The Authors conclude that the Piltdown gravel-bed is of the
same age as the contained Chellean implements, which are not
so much waterworn as most of the associated flints. The rolled
fragments of molars of the Pliocene elephant and Mastodon are
considered to have been derived with the flints from older gravels ;
while the other mammalian remains and the human skull and
mandible, which cannot have been transported far by water, must
be assigned to the period of the deposition of the gravel-bed itself.
The remoteness of that period is indicated by the subsequent
deepening of the valley of the Ouse to the amount of 80 feet.

In the Appendix, Prof. Elliot Smith remarks that, although
the brain presents a remarkable general similarity to the well-
known cranial casts of Paleolithic man, and especially to those
of Gibraltar and J.a Quina, which are supposed to be feminine,
the cast of the skull here described is smaller and more primitive
in form than any of these. The most noteworthy feature is the
pronounced gorilla-like drooping of the temporal region, due to
the extreme narrowing of its posterior part, which causes a deep
excavation of its under surface. This feeble development of the
part of the brain which recent research has shown to be intimately
related to the power of speech in modern man is very significant,
especially when we notice that a marked boss (which, as Dr. Smith
Woodward described, lends a curiously distinctive form to the
brain-cast and skull, when viewed from behind) is making its
appearance in precisely the spot where in modern man is developed
the mechanism that permits the spontaneous elaboration of specch
and the ability to name objects.

The apparent paradox of the association of a simian jaw with a
human brain is not surprising to one familiar with recent research
upon the evolution of man. In the process of evolving the brain
of man from the ape the superficial area of the cerebral cortex had
to be tripled ; and this expansion was not like the mere growth
of a muscle with exercise, but the gradual building-up of the most
complex mechanism in existence. ‘The growth of the brain

150 Geological Society.

preceded the refinement of the features and the somatic characters
in general.

There are no grounds whatever for supposing that this simian
jaw and human brain-cast did not belong to one and the same
individual, who was probably a right-handed female.

January 22nd, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Fossil Flora of the Cleveland District of Yorkshire :
I—The Flora of the Marske Quarry.’ By H. Hamshaw Thomas,
M.A., F.G.S. With Notes on the Stratigraphy, by the Rev.
George John Lane, F.G.S.

In this paper the Author describes several plants collected by
the Rey. G. J. Lane and Mr. T, W. Saunders in the Cleveland
district of Yorkshire, which were sent to Cambridge for examina-
tion. Other specimens described were obtained by the Author from
the Marske Quarry and by the late Mr. Hawell, whose collection is
now in the Dorman Memorial Museum, Middlesbrough.

The following species are dealt with:—Lquisetites columnaris
Brongn., Sagenopteris phillipsi (Brongn.) var. major Sew., Laccopteris
polypodioides Brongn., Dietyophyllum rugosum L. & H., Stachypteris
halleri, a new type recently described by the Author, Coniopteris
hymenophylloides Brongn., and C. quinqueloba (Phill.), Zodites
wilkamsont (Brongn.), Cladophlebis denticulata Brongn., a new
species of Marattiopsis (a genus not hitherto recorded from York-
shire), Williamsonia spectabilis Nath. (microsporophylls of which
were found by the Author, throwing additional light on this type
of flower), W. whitbiensis Nath., and a female strobilus identified as
W. sp., Zamites (Williamsonia) gigas L. & H., Psilophyllum (W.)
pecten (Phill, ), Peniopteris vittata Brongn., L. mayor L. & H.,
T. sp., Wielandiella nilssont (Phill. ) formerly known as Anomozamites
nilssoni, Otozamites feistmanteli Zigno, O. graphicus (Leck. ex Bean
MS.), Dictyozamites hawelli Sew., a Cycadean stem classified
as Wielandiella sp., Nilssonia mediana (Leck. ex Bean MS.),
N. orientalis Heer, a new species of Pseudoctenis (a genus recently
founded on specimens of Cycadean fronds from the Upper Jurassic of
Sutherland), Ginkgo digitata (Brongn.), Baieria longifolia (Pomel),
Czchanowskia murrayana (L. & H.), Hlatides setosa (Phill.), and
Taxites zamioides (Leck. ex Bean MS.).

The Marske flora, which includes several types not hitherto
recorded from the Jurassie plant-beds of Yorkshire, is believed to
be of Middle Jurassic age: specimens previously identified as
Zamites buchianus (Ktt.) and Nilssonia schaumbergensis (Dunk.),
Wealden species, are described respectively as a new species of
Pseudoctenis and Nilssonia orcentalis Heer.

A note is appended by the Rev. G. J. Lane on the stratigraphy
of the Marske Quarry, situated on the northern face of the
Upleatham outlier, about a mile distant from Marske-by-the-Sea.
The Marske beds are assigned to the Lower Estuarine Series.

Geological Society. 151

2. ‘The Derived Cephalopoda of the Holderness Drift.’
By Charles Thompson, B.Sc,

Although it has been known for a century that the Drift of
Holderness is rich in derived fossils, for many years the collecting
of them was neglected. However, in recent years, collections of
the cephalopoda have been made, and it is now claimed that about
a hundred and eighty species of ammonites are already in hand
from the Glacial Drift. here are two important points about
these specimens: the one, that a large number are new to York-
shire lists hitherto published ; the other, that the matrix of many
ot them cannot be matched now by our land exposures, It remains
to consider whence they came.

The whole of the Lower Lias is so well represented by all its
genera, and the rocky matrices are so characteristic, that it is urged
that the ice plucked them from outcrops in the bed of a former
North Sea; also that these outcrops show the continuity of the
North Yorkshire Basin with that of North-Western Germany. The
list appended to the paper supports this statement, for it shows that
many gaps are now filled, which are obvious when Hyatt’s lists
for the two regions are compared.

The Middle and the Upper Lias afford much material, but the
types are closer to those of North Yorkshire. The Oolites are very
scantily represented, although the Lower Cretaceous is abundantly
represented both by ammonites and by belemnites. Again, there is a
great difference between the state of preservation of a collection
made from the Drift, and that of one which can be made now from
the Speeton Clay in situ. Hence, the existence of a wide spread
of these clays to the east is confirmed.

The Chalk belemnites belong to a zone higher than any known
in Yorkshire: therefore, they probably came from the sea-bed.

February 5th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On Two Deep Borings at Calvert Station (North Buckingham-
shire), and on the Paleozoic Floor north of the Thames.’ By
Arthur Morley Davies, A.R.C.S., D.Sc., F.G.8., and John Pringle,
H.M. Geological Survey.

The two borings are about 370 yards apart in a due east-and-
west direction. The eastern boring gives the following section :—

Altitude of surface=about 290 O.D.
Thickness in feet inches,

BOUL Sanu atest ee ne ars cones cates. 4 0

Oxford Olay—Ornatum Zone .........000....0000....... 93 3
Non-sequence,

Pores, Manila ease ee ee tees wk Sec can 38 9
Non-sequence.

Groat; Colton wre eee ooce veccacess 59 6
Non-sequence,

Chipping Norton Limestones .........0.............. 7 6

Non-sequence,
Lias—Domerian, Algovianum Zone to Char-

mouthian, Jamesoni Zone ............ee0.0..5.... 240 6
Unconformity.

Lower Tremadoec—Shineton Shales .,,,.............. 954 6

1398 0

152 Geological Society.

The Oxford Clay is represented by grey and blue clays, the
lowest bed of which is a hard, tough, brownish clay full of broken
shell-fragments: among the forms identified from it are Cosmo-
ceras sedqwicki (Pratt) and C. stutchburw? (Pratt).

The Forest Marble consists mainly of grey and bluish-grey
oolitic and earthy limestones, with grey, brown, and green clays at
the base. An exceedingly bright bluish-green clay, 3 inches thick,
is also present. The limestones are very fossiliferous, but the
organisms are badly preserved.

The Great Oolite is represented by grey limestones and grey marly
limestones, dark-grey sands, and clays. The highest member is
correlated with the ‘Cream Cheese’ top of the Great Oolite in the
Bicester cuttings. From the upper part of the section Terebratula
bathonica &. 8. Buckman was obtained; near the base there is a
2-foot band full of Rhynchonella and Ostrea. The section is com-
pared with the Fritwell-Ardley section on the new railway from
Ashendon to Aynho.

The Chipping Norton Limestones consist of a yellowish oolitic
limestone and a grey sandy limestone, also markedly oolitic.

The Lias is represented by pale-grey shales with very little
variation in character. Near the base is a limestone containing
fragments of Paleozoic rocks, and many fossils, of which the most
abundant is Zeilleria waterhousei (Davidson), characteristic of the
Jamesoni Zone. This limestone also yielded a derived fragment of
Echioceras microdiscus (Quenstedt), a Raricostatum-Zone fossil.

In the western boring only, strata yielding inflammable gas were
met with. Reasons are given for believing that these may have
been Triassic. If not, they are probably Upper Paleozoic.

The Tremadocian shales resemble those of Shropshire: their dip
varies from 40° to nearly 90°. They show interesting structures
resulting from differential movement; at several horizons they yield
well-preserved examples of Clonograptus tenellus, var. callavet
(Lapworth) and Obolella (?) aff. saltert Holl. They are traversed
by two sills of olivine-basalt. The uppermost 50 feet are stained
red.

The following new reading of the Bletchley boring is proposed :—

Feet.
Oxford Clay........++eeeeeees 192
Forest Marble ........-++0+++ 33
Lias (Charmouthian) ...... 185

An attempt is made to express the depth of the Palwozoie floor
by a contoured map, and its possible constitution and tectonic
structure are discussed.

Pe ANNATS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 68. AUGUST 1913.

XVIII.—Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. An-
drews.—No. XXXV._ By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D.,
F.R.S., &c.

1. On Two Killers, Orca gladiator (Lacépéde), Gray, stranded at St. An-
drews.

2. On the British Ammocharide.

3. On Myrtochele heeri &c. dredged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves.

4. On the British Hermellide.

1. On Two Killers, Orca gladiator (Lacépéde), Gray,
stranded at St. Andrews.

Orca @LaApr4éror is less common in the eastern than in the
western and northern waters of Britain, for it is more fre-
quently seen in the western bays and lochs, as well as in the
adjoining Atlantic, than in the North Sea. The high
dorsal “ fin” is diagnostic, as it rolls upward or swims for a
short time under the surface, whilst the external coloration
is equally characteristic. In all probability, the abundance
of seals and porpoises on the western and northern shores
will sufficiently account for its prevalence. Both specimens
were stranded before the autumn of 1882, and nearly at the
same place, viz. the “ Buru-stools,” a region of sand-
covered rocks almost opposite the old wooden marine
laboratory on the East Bents. The first was a fine male,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 1p:

154 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

stated to be over 20 feet in length (though the measurements
show that it was only 20), the dead carcass of which floated
shorewards on the 25th December, 1876. It was secured
for the University by Prof. Pettigrew, and buried in a field
on the estate of Denbre, then in the hands of Dr. Watson
Wemyss. It apparently had been forgotten, for word came
to the Museum in 1882 that its bones were being sold by
the farm-servants, and immediate steps were then taken to
secure the remainder, which consisted of the cranium, half
the mandible, a scapula, and a few ribs and vertebre.

The other example, an old female, came on shore alive in
March 1882, and its skeleton, excellently prepared by Mr.
John Herd Bruce, formerly a medical student in Edinburgh,
was lately secured for the University Museum. So far as
was observed, the animal seemed to be feeble from old age,
had nothing in its stomach, quietly allowed a rope to be
hitched round its tail in front of the flukes, and without a
struggle it was dragged by a boat round to the pier, where,
while it was still alive, an intruder cut through the blubber,
causing free bleeding, so that it died in a short time.

The adult male was measured in 1876 by Mr. William Robb,
and a rough sketch of it was alsomade. Its length was 20 ft.,
or from the mouth along the curve of the under surface
21 ft. 10 in. From the mouth to the vent 13 ft.; length of
the genital and vent-region 1 ft. 9 in.; and behind to the
tail 7 ft. lin, The length along the front curve of the
dorsal fin was 2 ft. 9 in. and the flipper was 2 ft. 9 in. long,
a measurement which shows that the dorsal fin was not so
high as those observed in former years on the western
shores, or as described by Reinhardt and other Scandinavian
writers. The breadth of the base of the flipper was 22 inches ;
the breadth of the base of the dorsal fin 24 inches ; and the
breadth at the base of the tail 214 inches. The breadth
from the mid-cleft of the tail to the outer edge of the
fluke was 2 ft. 7 in., making the total breadth of the tail
5 ft. 2 in. Length from the tip of the snout to the
nostril or ‘‘ blower” 2 ft. 8 in., from the snout to the front
edge of the dorsal fin 8 ft. 3 in.; whilst the girth from the
dorsal to the middle of the abdomen was 6 ft., giving a
total girth of about 12 ft.

The skull of this male has the measurements indicated in
the following table, and it is evidently that of a powerful
adult :—

Or

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 15

Large ¢ Killer, and Reinhardt’s Pseudorca crassidens.

Reinhardt’s
or 21 ft.
inches, ft. ins.
Length of head from occipital condyle to tip of
SOULE LaMar oe a ele a ole edith ates! Se 383 aa, 6
Length of head from inierior margin of occipital
process to fissure between condyles ........ 36
Length of cranial portion from occipital con-
dyles to front wall of nasal canals ........ BE
(This is an uncertain measurement, as no
definition in front and no mention of pro-
minence on base of occipital condyles.)
Length of beak from origin on level with
anterior extremity of zygomatic .......... 19
Greatest breadth of skull (across zygomatic
process of temporal bone) .............. 23% abt.
(broken)
Breadth of skull across postorbital process in
(TT ae = eae BRE a Ce 223 abt.
Breadth of occipital ridge at union with tem-
eM I PE aS 3/0) ors cir a Racial aoe Ma 6 Sate 143 abt.
Breadth across prominences formed by the
frontal, the superior maxillary, and the
zygomatic in front of orbit .............. 21 abt. (left
prominence broken)
Breadth of beak at origin ..2.......0.. 0005 153
- , towards middle, third iateral
PELOE EN Fo. tee starshaed sb Bias sacha yi 12
Height of occipital foramen (at its narrowest
PRE E tee soso oe gett oy te tee eas eee 2s
Breadth of occipital foramen ................ 23
Distance from inferior margin of occipital
foramen to posterior margin of pterygoid
[TINE ge See EB ee Se nea 13
Length of dental row in upper jaw.......... 153 yeerze
», mandible from condyle to tip...... dls 2 8E
eh je syuaphyare? ea. oO I. Mente iso eh 62
» dentalrow in mandible .......... 153
Height of skull from base of occipital to
[LADIES Saat > SSB sete eer 15; abt.

In viewing it from above and in front it is obviously more
symmetrical than that of Glob/ocephalus, the nostrils having
only a slight slope to the left, whereas in Globiocephalus the
slopeis pronounced. Moreover, the nostrils are nearly vertical,
whilst those of Globiocephalus slope boldly upward and back-
ward. The nasals were elongated transversely and in this case
narrow, the right larger than the left, and an internasal
process of the frontal separated them. In Globiocephalus
this process does not always reach the front, and there is
variety also in Orea. The premaxillaries of Orca are scoop-
shaped superiorly, and their long narrow outline, with a

ELS

156 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

constriction about the middle, is in contrast with the broad
plates of Globiocephalus, which leave only a narrow margin
of the maxilla externally.

In Orca a large part of the maxilla is free (one of Rein-
hardt’s specific characters), the contour is more uniform and
symmetrical, the maxilla comes nearly as far forwards as the
median process of the premaxilla, and its tip is bifid. The
prominences of the maxillee (with zygomatic process and
frontals) above the eyes are roughened, but less than in the
very old female. A marked feature of the skull in contrast
with its allies is the great size of the temporal fossa, which,
as Reinhardt truly says, makes the skull of this species, in
contrast with that of Beluga or even of Globiecephalus, akin
to the contrast afforded by the skulls of the lion and the
horse or ox. The powerful muscles which pass through this
huge space are attached to the mandible, the mass in front
of the condyles being very large.

The ventral aspect of the cranium is equally diagnostic
when contrasted with Globiocephalus. Thus the vomer
comes to the surface for 34 inches, and the premaxillaries
in front of it form part of the roof of the mouth for fully a
foot (a character Reinhardt considers unusual in true Killers).
In Globiocephalus the long vomer blocks the upper part
of the median fissure of the palate in front, and the pre-
maxillz only occupy a small area of the palate at the tip of
the snout. The arch of the palate in Orca slopes upward
and inward to the median line, giving it a characteristic
spout-shape when the skull is laid on its dorsum ; whereas
in Globiocephalus the palate, while it has the deep median
fissure at the tip, is flattened, or shows a slight outward
curve to the dentary edge, which is little more than half the
length of that in Orca, though the hard palate is proportion-
ally broader. The palatines in the two forms equally
diverge, those in Orca forming a narrow lozenge fully 9
inches in length, whereas in Globiocephalus they have but a
brief mesial course (about 24 inches) posteriorly, aud then
curve outward like a V behind the maxilla. In the same
way the pterygoids diverge, those in Globiocephalus are aided
by the palatines in the formation of the large postpalatine
air-sinuses, whereas in Orca these are proportionally smaller
and are formed by the pterygoids. The jugal is com-
paratively slender, but considerably longer and stouter than
in the old female.

The armature of the jaws in this specimen is formidable,
for the teeth are massive, long, and slightly curved at the
crown. The number of teeth in each jaw is 13, and their

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 157

solidity is noteworthy, the pulp-cavity being largely filled
up, a small central canal in the massive dentine only being
left. The general outline of the teeth approached a spindle,
though the curve of the crown, especially in the maxillary
teeth, interferes with the regularity of such a figure. Most
of the teeth were flattened antero-posteriorly, and hard lines
occurred at the margin of the gum. The longest teeth were
found in the mandible, where the curvature of the crown
was less, some reaching 5 inches with a maximum diameter
of 12 inches. The large curved maxillary teeth measured
about 44 inches with a diameter similar to those in the
mandible. Almost all the teeth in this vigorous specimen
had two facets, from friction of the teeth opposite, on the
crown (one anterior, the other posterior), only one or two of
the back teeth being free from such injury. Moreover, some
had abrasions of the enamel on the summit as well as
externally and internally, showing that hard substances as
well as the opposite teeth were implicated in the abrasions.
The site of the main facets (anterior and posterior) varied
considerably, some of the anterior maxillary teeth had the
front facet near the gum, whilst the posterior facet was near
the apex of the crown. In the mandibular teeth the large
facet was generally in front, and the deep furrows showed
the force with which the powerful muscles drove the teeth
together. Eschricht thought that they were worn on the
anterior and external sides in the maxilla, but in this case
the facets were anterior and posterior, though it is true a
few presented a large abraded surface externally. This
character, therefore, is subject to variety. The foremost, a
single small tooth, in the premaxille and mandible had fallen
out, and the sockets were partially filled up. It had occupied
the tip of each premaxilla, and another had been in the outer
process of each maxilla. The formidable teeth of the Killer
made a striking contrast with those of G/ob/ocephalus, not
only from their solidity and size, but from the length of the
alveoli, viz. 154 inches along the maxille and the same in
the mandible, whereas even in a large Globwcephalus the
rows of teeth cover but 7 inches in each case. Moreover,
the broad anterior region of the hard palate with its curved
rows of teeth is in contrast with the longer rows of teeth, which
in the proportionally narrower hard palate of the Killer
gently diverge from each other posteriorly.

In the mandible of Orca the symphysis slopes obliquely
from the front backward, and the opposed surfaces, which
are peculiarly smooth, are proportionally larger than in
Globiocephalus, in which the symphysis is perfectly straight.

158 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

It thus happens that in Orca the long upper union is slightly
hollow, whilst the lower is convex, it may be with a median
groove.

The vertebral column, so far as the remnants exist,
has the bodies of the vertebrie, especially in the lumbar
region, somewhat larger than in the female, and the few ribs
present are without traces of i injury. The atlas and the three
next vertebre have both the spines and the bodies fused.
Reinhardt places weight on the occurrence of a rudimentary
transverse process on the axis of his Psewdorca crassidens,
but in the Killers there is variation, for the male shows a
much shorter process than the female. ‘The only other bone
available was the typically fan-shaped right scapula, which was
somewhat larger than that of the female, the neck broader,
and its muscular impressions more pronounced. It
measured 14 inches from the dorsal margin to the edge of
the glenoid cavity, and its extreme breadth was 19 inches.
The abraded acromion was 3} and the coracoid 4 inches long.
In all respects it bears out Reinhardt’s statement that the
acromion is placed sufficiently far behind the anterior edge
so as not to hide that part of the external surface which is
placed before it, whereas in other cetaceans this surface is
less easily seen.

Impelled by the great muscles, the flukes of the tail
churn the water like the screw of a powerful steamer,
and the rapacious cetacean rushes swiftly on either seal
or porpoise, which in vain essays to escape by doubling
or diving, for the broad and muscular flippers enable
their pursuer to cope with every movement, and the
relentless grasp of those ready jaws soon ends the chase.
Moreover, the skins of the seals are, by muscular action
and gastric juice, by and by removed from the carcass
and ejected by the mouth, as Eschricht first noticed—those
in the stomach being flayed, whilst a skin with hairs
stuck in the mouth and throat. It would also appear
(Nilsson and Eschricht) that the seals are often seized
laterally, the grasp of the trenchant teeth taking in the
parts between the occiput and the sternum. The skins
having thus been removed, the soft parts and the bones are
rapidly acted on in the stomach. Such fornis as the Killers
thus keep in check active fish-destroyers lke porpoises and
seals, for though fishes are occasionally found in their
stomachs they appear to relish warm-blooded animals more.
Moreover, their distribution is so wide that their influence is
felt over a great area, It would be equally unreasonable,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 159

however, to attribute the plenitude of the marine food-fishes
to such influences as to place the onus of their diminution
on the multitudes of piscivorous cetaceans and seals. The
effects of both are important, but they do not in any way
interfere with the balance of Nature in the ocean.

The density of the bones in the female Orca at once made
it apparent that, irrespective of the condition of the teeth,
the animal was very old. Hard steel instruments snapped
when holes were drilled in the cranium, and its great weight
still further corroborated its density. The supraocular
tuberosities of the maxillaries and frontals were much more
rough than in the male, from what may be termed papillary
bony growths, and the same condition was present on the
narrower part of the maxillaries in front of the constriction
and notch; whilst even the hollows of the upper part of the
premaxillaries were hirsute with bony points. The edge of
the supraoccipital was roughened by sharp tubercles, and
the same bone and the squamosal externally were similarly
affected, as were also the edges of the body of the hyoid.
Similar bony granules occurred on the tips of the neural
spines and arches throughout, on the transverse processes in
the dorsal region, and on the caudal vertebre.

The skull was only about an inch shorter than that of the
male, but its weight and density were proportionally greater.
The twist of the nasal region to the left was somewhat more
pronounced than in the male, and the great foramen in the
maxillary above the eye was twice as large. No process of
the frontal separated the nasals, which were twice as thick
as in the male and firmly anchylosed.

The teeth, with the exception of two of the rear teeth in
the maxilla, were all worn down to the gums, the row in each
jaw being 14 inches in length, and the number of teeth in
each row being 13. The polished abraded surface sloped
from without inward in most, so that the outer line was
slightly longer than the inner. The maxillary teeth were a
little longer than the mandibular. Some showed a con-
siderable opening into the pulp-cavity (that is, the latter had
been enlarged), yet they were useful teeth and showed no sign
of being shed. Such an animal, however, could not sever
the parts im a seal with the ease of the male just described,
though the two foremost small teeth in the mandible gave a
certain hold. It may have found difficulty in capturing
such forms for food, though it is more likely that it perished
from extreme old age. The longevity of Killers is unknown,
but it is certain that no marine animal is capable of preying

160 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

on them, whilst their distribution is cosmopolitan. This
female may have been from 50 to 100 years old, but, of course,
this statement is conjectural. So far as can be observed, the
specific distinctions of Killers are in need of careful re-
examination.

In this specimen there were 52 or possibly 53 vertebre,
and some of the caudal showed traces of age in the granular
bony growths on their surfaces. The lumbar vertebre were
somewhat smaller than those of the male. Four of the
cervical vertebrae were firmly fused (viz. atlas, axis, and the
two following), then the spines of last three were fixed, and the
centra of the 5th and 6th also, whilst the body of the 7th was
free. Anchylosis in this old female had therefore advanced
further than in the male. There are eleven pairs of ribs, but
the transverse processes of the 12th dorsal vertebra had
narrow facets, and as a small and slender rib accompanied
the rest it is probable that twelve pairs existed. The 7th rib
on the left had a callus (from fracture) about a foot from the
transverse process, and the 9th, 10th, and 11th on the right
showed the same feature, the callus on the llth being
largest. These ribs had been fractured by a powerful blow—
perhaps from the tail of a large right whale or a rorqual
which it had attacked during its long predatory career. The
first rib was 12 inches long from the head to the articular
surface for the massive costal bone, and the sternal articular
end of the latter and the sternum itself were roughened by
small bony excrescences. The sternum, originally of four
pieces, formed a solid mass of bone without trace of aperture,
thus differing from that of Reinhardt’s Psewdorca crassidens,
which likewise had a long first rib. A single pelvic bone,
about 8 inches long, was preserved. It agreed with Rein-
hardt’s description in being less curved than in the male.
The scapula measured 13} inches from the dorsal to the
glenoid edge, and its extreme breadth was 17} inches, thus
being slightly less than that of the male. The humerus and
the upper end of the radius and ulna showed the same
granular rough surfaces, externally and internally, as were
noticed elsewhere. This condition may have been partly due
to age and partly to an arthritic affection, such as occasionally
is found in the vertebral column of horses and other domestic
animals. Ossification of the carpus was noteworthy.

The following measurements of this female are contrasted
with those of a Killer of 21 feet (Pseudorca crassidens) given
by Reinhardt :—

Gatly Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 161

Reinhardt’s
oF 21 ft.
inches. ft. in.
Length of nose from tip to nasal opening.,.. 223 Pee
Width at base of nose at contraction in front
Of Maaxillary WROUI Ii. cows cane eta ot 11 Pky
Length of scapula from glenoid cavity to
DPperi opposite EGS6 - 04. javd vies aiseie ean 133 10%
Acromion tnbangtianenier), length ae ES + Z
mw ft ee 4 4
Coracoid process chloe Sete ie io eS Bt 3
Os humeri (tuberculum majus large) ...... 83 10
Readies lem th is. ar3 ord clave: 6\rs Botsra wie’ separa 8 11
Pedi, NVR CIE NON ON CIOS saat aa 5: aleve nce: Oia 5+ 8
Win a TED. 5. eens usta aaa ioaae cine «dbs S 9
y) eacross Olecranon, Width! sosccss ss. se 5 5
3 Bh lowerend, width Fn ye) s. peede! Os 63

2. On the British Ammocharide.

The family of the Ammocharide forms a comparatively
recent introduction into zoological literature, and yet its
representatives, though few, are world-wide in their distri-
bution. No mention is made of any species in Dr. Johnston’s
‘ Catalogue of the Annelids in the British Museum,’ though
in 1842 Delle Chiaje had described and figured Owenia
fusiformis, the common form on the British shores, and
often tossed in hundreds on the West Sands of St. Andrews
after storms.

The cephalic region of Owenia fusiformis varies a little
in appearance when viewed antero-posteriorly in sp‘rit-
preparations ; but in general it presents a truncated surface,
having dorsally a rounded elevation the long diameter of ©
which is transverse. Arnold Watson describes an aperture
through a network of muscular fibres at the convex median
part of this anterior lip, establishing communication be-
tween the coelom and the exterior. Beneath this laterally
are two lobes or lips, sometimes marked by an oblique
groote slanting from above downward and inward, and
having the mouth at their anterior border. A bilobed pro-
cess (the “Lippen-organ” of Drasche) projects from the region
behind, whilst inferiorly another rounded process occupies
the furrow, which is finally bounded ventrally by the smooth
border of the rim between the branchial processes. This
edge of the cephalic rim slightly recedes in comparison with
the dorsal, so that the surface does not form quite a right
angle. In lateral view, indeed, the median ventral edge is
spout-shaped, though it does not project much. An eye-spot

162 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

lies on each side, at the base of the branchial process beyond
the edge of the spout-lke curve.

The cephalic rim carries three pairs of dichotomously divided
branchie, the basal regions being large and massive, the
distal processes rather short and truncated. These organs
have their inner surfaces covered with cilia in life. As
Mr. Watson * states: “ Each has a wide, very flat base and
3 or 4 branches, which are subdivided into 7 or more twigs,
each terminated by two small rounded mucus-secreting
lobes. In British specimens the branched processes, viewed
by transmitted light, are semitransparent, pale greenish blue,
or yellow, and tinted with red; whilst those from Naples
are blood-red and in parts coloured with a reddish-brown
pigment.” The Scotch specimens have a pale brown body,
paler posteriorly, and the tentacles are brown. The branchiz
have only a notch between them dorsally, but ventrally a
considerable interval occurs at the slightly spout-shaped
region below the mouth. These organs are richly vascular.
Claparéde and Cunningham and Ramage suggest that they
are merely outgrowths from the periphery of the mouth, and
are not homologous with the branchiz of the serpulids.

The dorsal lobe has, according to Mr, Arnold Watson, a
pore leading into the prolongation of the ccelom, a condition
exceptional in the Polychweta, though present in the
Enchytreeidee. |

Surrounding the circlet of branchie is a fold or collar of
the body-wall, deepest dorsally, and becoming shallow at the
ventral edge. A slight fold or notch occurs at each side
with a groove running a short distance backward and nearly
- opposite the interval between the median and ventral
branchie. A transverse patch of brown pigment marks the
collar dorsally, passes by the eye-spot on each side, from
which it slopes to meet its fellow of the opposite side in the
mid-ventral line about the level of the first bristle-bundles.
Drasche and Watson showed that this pigment indicates the
position of the brain and csophageal commissures, as they
unite to form the ganglion from which the ventral cord,
which is devoid of ganglia or neural canals, arises.

The body varies from 30-60 mm. in length, is firm and
rounded anteriorly, somewhat flattened and tapered pos-
teriorly, where it ends in a slightly bilobed tip with the anus
in the centre—the condition perhaps being more accurately
described as a papillose anus with a dimple in the centre
dorsally and ventrally. The segments, which are indistinctly

* Journ. Linn, Soc., Zool. vol. xxviii, p. 231.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 163

defined, are from 23-30 in number, and vary remarkably in
antero-posterior diameter. The first region of the body,
which commences with the madder-brown collar, consists of
the buccal and three bristled segments, as pointed out by
Kolliker in 1864 and the author in 1869, and not of two as
Grube, Claparéde, and Lo Bianco supposed—the smaller
posterior pair, dorsal in position, having been overlooked
or, as Claparéde states, represents the dorsal fascicle per-
taining to the Ist pair of tori. These bristles have a fine
pale golden lustre, and the row or tuft stands more or less
vertically, the longest and most finely tapered being dorsal.
All are simple tapering bristles and the pinnate spikes
slant upward—that is, toward the tip. The first pair of
bristle-bundles is lateral in position and is about equidistant
between the collar and the second pair, with which it agrees
in general arrangement. ‘The third pair is not visible from
the veutral surface, being dorsal in position, springs a little
in front of the segment-junction, and is directed obliquely
upward and outward. Its bristles have the same structure
as those in front, but the function probably differs.

Dorsally the anterior region presents a long shield-shaped
central area, the broad part of which is in front, and the
sides outlined by two frilled bands which pass to the front
of the 38rd segment. Ventrally immediately behind the
mouth is a triangular area, specially alluded to by
Mr. Arnold Watson, bounded by the line of the nerve-
cords, which slant inward from each side to form the fused
central band along this surface to the tail.

A septum divides the buccal from the following segment,
but the three bristled segments form a single chamber.
Each of the segments of the posterior region (that is, after
the 3rd bristled segment) is separated from the adjoining
one by a septum (Watson).

The cesophagus is about the length of the anterior region,
and is followed by the intestine, which passes to the anus, a
series of enlargements and constrictions occurring during
its course. De St. Joseph describes the colour of the
canal in the 3rd and 4th posterior segments as greenish from
glands. The gut has a dorsal and a ventral mesentery and
passes through the septa. It is surrounded by the dorsal
blood-vessel throughout the greater part of its length, thus
forming a peri-intestinal sinus (Watson). This bifurcates
anteriorly near the branchial processes, bends downward and
unites with its fellow to form the ventral vessel, which has
numerous round ampull, as many as forty occurring in the
3rd posterior segment (De St. Joseph).

164 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

In section of the body-wall the cuticle is said to occur only
on the anterior region, the epiderm alone being present
posteriorly. Moreover, Gilson thought no ccelomic epithe-
lium lined the muscles internally, a view opposed by Drasche
and Ogneff *.

There are six, sometimes seven J, pairs of cylindrical, rigid,
thread-secreting glands of considerable size, which hang
loosely in the body-cavity—a pair to each of the Ist and 2nd
anterior segments, and the first four posterior segments. Each
is attached to the body-wall by one extremity, which forms a
duct opening between the end of the torus and the bundle
of sete of the segment to which it pertais (Watson).
These secrete a thick viscous liquid containing fine colourless
threads used in the formation of the inner lining of its tube.
De St. Joseph found a minute distome fixed to one of the
glands.

The septa, as pointed out by Gilson, have two valves, viz.,
a simple slit or flap-valve dorsally opening forward like a
door and a sphincter valve ventrally. Watson noticed that
the forward current passed through the dorsal valves, and the
backward current of coelomic fluid through the ventral.
These valves are specially powerful in the septum separating
the anterior from the posterior region.

The next three segments are “comparatively long, exeh
being about twice the length of the anterior region of three
segments. The first of these (the 4th bristled segment) has
two dorsal bristle-tufts immediately behind its anterior
border, and two teri for hooks ventrally in the same line as
the bristle-tufts. Two dorsal glandular bands pass laterally
from the bristle-tufts to those of the succeeding segment,
curving inward as they approach the latter. The ventral
surface is marked only by the median band. The next two
segments follow the same arrangement dorsally and ventrally.
Watson describes an olive-green zigzag canal as running
almost from end to end of the second segment of the posterior
region, and this is the nephridium of Gilson, for it has an
internal funnel-shaped opening and a slit-like aperture
externally. He found, however, that it does not transmit
the genital products as Gilson supposed. The seventh
bristled segment is shorter, but it also presents the same
glandular bands dorsally, the dorsal bristles in front of this

* “ Au-dessous de la cuticle, de hypoderme et de la couche des muscles
circulaires qui n’existe que dans je thorax l’eny eloppe du corps est
tapissée d’une couche continue de muscles longitudinaux,” ete.

+ Gilson indicates a rudimentary gland in the 3rd anterior segment.
It is sometimes absent.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 165

segment and at its rear being nearer each other, and the
posterior pair in front of the tori. The following, or 8th,
bristled segment inaugurates a change, for it has no dorsal
glandular bands, and posteriorly it is separated from the next
segment by a deep furrow—in front of which are the tori,
the edges of which are dorsal, and the bristles, which like
those in front are near each other. Moreover, a couple of
dimples occur anteriorly on each side of the middle line.
Further, if it be held that the anterior segments have their
tori and bristles in front, then this segment (8th) has a
double series, those in rear being in front of the segment-
junction, and the bristles slant upward and forward. The
following segments bear the dorsal bristles on the outer edge
and widely apart from each other, and the tori are ventral in
position. The direction of the bristle-tufts after the llth
abdominal segment is usually in the preparations more or
less transverse. Moreover, these posterior bristles, even to
the tip of the tail, are lateral in position.

The segments gradually diminish in antero-posterior
diameter towards the tail, which is terminated by a com-
paratively large anus with a papillose margin, a few of the
minute segments adjoining it apparently having no bristles.

The bristles throughout have the same structure and are
slightly pinate at the extremity (Watson), those in the
posterior segments being fewer in number and proportionally
Jarge and more slender. The tori form characteristic bands of
a multitude of minute crotchets, forming a dense series, each
with two well-marked terminal hooks, the posterior curve of
which is prominent at the tip, the neck, which is narrowed,
having a forward bulge anteriorly below the hooks, and with
a shoulder as it joins the shaft, which is long and slightly
tapered posteriorly to a delicate thread *. The hooks of the
specimens from St. Andrews are somewhat larger than those
of the more bulky Annelids from Naples, but are precisely of
the same structure, and thus differ from the somewhat abrupt
posterior end at its junction with the ligament as shown by
Arnold Watson, the figure having probably been foreshortened
to suit the plate. All have a long shaft gradually tapering
towards the base and a distinct shoulder grasped by the
epiderm. The absence of a shoulder in the figure of Sars
may have been due to the imperfection of his microscope.
The tori of the first four segments are red from their

* De St. Joseph calculates that there are about 7600 hooks per torus,
and perhaps.about 450,000 in all.

Johnson, in Puget Sound Annel., describes an Ammochares with bifid
uncini.

166 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

vascularity (Watson), and the anterior ones almost meet in
the central line ventrally, and reach as far as the bristles
dorsally, so that they form the greater part of a ring.

The tube, which may vary from 3-10 em. and 2 mm. or more
in diameter, as a rule consists of a thick internal lining of
secretion which in the middle presents a circular Jumen in
section, and of two conical, elastic, membranous ends—each
with a minute aperture. ‘The body of the tube is densely
covered with fragments of shell more or less set on edge, and
in the preparations generally sloped obliquely toward the
auterior end of the tube. The method by which the annelid
accomplishes this is graphically described by Arnold Watson.

3. On Myriochele heeri &c. dredged in the Gulf of
St. Lawrence, Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves.

Dredged abundantly in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada,
Stations No. 9, 35, 36, 37, and 42, 1873.

The tube in some is nearly 4 inches in Jength, the anterior
third being spindle-shaped and prolonged posteriorly into. a
narrow process, thus differing from the tube of Owenia. It
is composed of sand-grains incorporated in a very tough
secretion externally, and internally of layers of secretion,
and to it the animal in the preserved condition clings so
firmly that it is difficult to secure more than a fragment.
The anterior end forms a conical process with a small
aperture at the tip, but only the extreme tip is free from
sand-grains. Posteriorly the long narrow tube ends in an
aperture, and whilst the greater part of it is covered with
the sand-grains in tough secretion, the terminal region,
which is almost filiform, is coated with soft sandy mud, which
often forms a mass at the tip. The external coating is com-
posed of firmly agglutinated mud in which large sand-grains
are imbedded, and occasionally a few tufts of Gemel/aria are
attached near the anterior end, the larve having settled and
grown thereon. In many the wrinkles and the grains are
transversely arranged on the anterior or larger portion of
the tube, the long slender posterior end not showing this
condition. In those with shorter tubes the sand-grains, on
the other hand, go to the posterior end.

A few tubes are formed of white sand-grains with black
interspersed.

Tubes from Norway apparently belonging to this species
were bristled with sponge-spicules,

The head and the buccal segment are often somewhat en-

—

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 167

larged in lateral view, whilst from the dorsum they form a
bluntly clavate process with a constriction behind. In others
this region slightly projects all round. The mouth opens
as a large circular aperture immediately behind the tip of the
snout on the ventral surface, and it slopes to a peak ventrally.
The oral margin is smoothly rounded.

The body, as far as was observed, for no entire example
has been seen, has about 27 segments (Malmgren), divided
into an anterior and a posterior region. The anterior region
has three pairs of bristle-bundles, ail visible at the sides of
the body, and thas differs from Owenia, where the 3rd pair
are dorsal. Hach bristle is nearly straight and slightly
tapered towards the tip, and has short spikes directed
distally.

The succeeding region has both bristles and tori. The
former agree with those in front. The hooks have a posterior
projection distally and are bifid. The front edge of the neck
below is prominent, and the neck itself is short, for the
shoulder soon appears, whilst the shaft is long and tapers to
a filament.

Another small elongated tube was dredged abundantly in
the Gulf of St. Lawrence at Stations 33, 34, and 37-40, 1873.
It measures nearly three inches in length, though some are
shorter. It is cylindrical throughout the greater part of its
length, though slight enlargement is noticed before tapering
to the anterior end. The posterior end is often flattened
and very gradually diminished to a blunt open end.

The tube is composed of secretion coated with minute
particles of sand, and showing in some a transverse or circular
arrangement. ‘The long slender posterior end is often filled
with fecal matter, chiefly mud and sand-grains.

The head in the preparations, as removed from the tubes,
is truncated, with a rim, sometimes frilled, round the edge,
and slanting backward ventrally to a deep notch. The com-
pression of the blunt snout by the tube probably causes this
condition. The rim appears to be ciliated. ‘The mouth is
subterminal as in allied species. Occasionally the head and
buccal segment form an enlarged region with the sucker-
like mouth anteriorly, the edges of the rim sloping to the
ventral groove. Asa transparent object a double loop of
blood-vessels oceurs behind the buccal segment, apparently
from the dorsal vessel splitting to form the ventral.

The body is small, elongated, rounded, and appears to be
from an inch to an inch and a half in length, abruptly
truncated anteriorly, continuing nearly of the same diameter
for a considerable distance and then tapering to the tail,

168 Prof. M‘Intesh’s Notes from the

which is bilobed. The first region of the body consists of
three bristled segments, the bristles of which are visible in
lateral view. It seems to be rather less than the cephalic
and buccal region in antero-posterior diameter, the bristles
follow each other closely in dorso-ventral views, and are
minute simple tapering forms with scarcely visible and
thinly distributed spikes on their tips. As in the other
members of the family no hooks occur in the anterior
division, which is marked by a slightly constricted region
having an antero-posterior diameter equal to the distance
between two of the anterior pairs of bristles. A slight ven-
tral swelling behind this indicates the tori of the next
segment, which is rather longer than both the regions above
mentioned. A tuft of bristles is situated on each side
dorsally, and they have the same structure as those already
mentioned. Considerable hypodermic glandular tissue
appears on each side in the line of the bristles and runs
backward to the end of the segment, indicating that in all
probability a similar, though perhaps less developed, arrange-
ment occurs in this as in the larger allies. Lateral and
ventral elevations mark the commencement of the next
segment, which is nearly double the length of the former.
Traces of glandular bands appear on the dorsum of this seg-
ment also, and a bristle-tuft at each side of the dorsum in
front; the following two segments (3rd and 4th of the
second region) are nearly equal in length, each having its
tori and bristle-tufts in front.

The number of segments intervening between the fore-
going and the tail is uncertain.

The body becomes a little more flattened towards the
tail, the segments gradually diminish in length, as also do the
tori, whilst the bristles, though fewer, considerably increase in
length. The last pair of bristle-bundles is accompanied by only
a few hooks. In a reproduced tail the end is bilobed, the
anus being in thecentre. Moreover, behind the last bristle-
bundle are a few hooks, which show that these organs appear
before the bristles. A single bristle occurred in the last
bristled segment on one side and three on the other, the
4th bristles from the end are very long, and so with those on
several segments in front of it.

The crochets are exceedingly minute, but apparently have
a similar structure to those already described, viz., a well-
marked double hook at the tip, the posterior curve of the
hook projecting beyond the neck, whilst the latter imme-
diately below the hook in front is carried well forward.
The neck is short and the shoulder slight, the shaft there-

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 169

after gradually tapering to a long filament or tendon moved
by a muscular process. The vast number of these organs on
a torus of the middle region of the body with their tendons
and muscular apparatus gives an idea of the complexity of
the arrangements for fixing the animal to the lining of its
tube. Further investigation of this form is necessary, though
it may be a variety of the foregoing.

A Myriochele was found at St. Andrews in the stomach
of the haddock in 1864 by E. M., invested by a sandy tube.
So far as can be observed in,the fragmentary specimens, the
arrangement of the bristles and the structure of the bifid
hooks is identical. The size of the bifid hooks is somewhat
larger than in the Canadian form described in the preceding

note.

4. On the British Hermellide.

In the ‘Catalogue of the British Museum? by Dr. Johnston,
three species are described under the Family Sabellariadz,
but two of these, viz., Sabellaria anglica and S. crassissima
really pertain to the same form, S. alveolata, L., and the third
is S. spinulosa of Leuckart, under the name of S. lumbricalis.
The family is a smail one, only two species being entered, for
instance, by Malmgren in his northern list, and the same
number characterized the British seas until Dr. Allen *
recently added to science the interesting Pullasia murata of
the southern waters. English estuaries have masses of the
sandy tubes of S. alveolata, whilst between tide-marks on
Scottish coasts A. spinulosa forms dense groups of tubes on
stones and rocks.

The cephalic region in Sabellaria spinulosa is divided
dorsally into two great Jateral lobes bearing the palee on
pillars, the dorsal edge of the mouth being in the centre,
whilst the lips slope obliquely backward ventrally ; the two
lobes, which appear to be homologous with the operculum of
the Serpulidz, can be widely separated ventrally, where they
merge into the mouth and its tentacles. Hach lobe forms
a semicircle which by apposition with its neighbour consti-
tutes the opercular crown on the dorsal arch of the mouth,
and between the tentacles is a tongue-shaped fold or process
—richly ciliated.

The external series of golden palez which form a fringe
to the crown are about twenty-five in number; the typical
palez having a shaft, which tapers from the junction of the
tip to the pointed base. The tip forms a broad, flattened,

* Journ. M. B. A. vol. vii. p. 299, pl. x.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 12

170 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

and somewhat spathulate process, one side of which bulges
more than the other immediately on expanding above the
shaft, whilst the tip is symmetrically narrowed to a blunt
point, which is cut into three spikes on each side, the centre
being produced as a long process with three lateral spikes
directed distally. In the examples from Luccomb Chine, Isle
of Wight, these lateral spikes are smaller and more numerous,
and the process is larger. Striz cross the flattened tip
from side to side, and are slightly curved upward at each
end, the bulged base of the tip.often showing a differentia-
tion of these and a more marked curvature. The pale at
the extreme ends dorsally and ventrally are less neatly
formed than those in the centre of the semicircle, the inner
lateral spikes being long and powerful, whilst the central
elongated process is more or less rudimentary. All, how-
ever, have the asymmetrical base as in the other types of
the second and third rows.

The second row consists of modified bristles with a slender
shaft tapering to a point at its base, and of a proportionally
massive tip shaped like a broad bill-hook. The shaft tapers
from its upper end to its pomted base and is comparatively
slender. It curves posteriorly into the convex margin of the
tip, whilst anteriorly it abruptly expands into a thin edge,
which is concave in its progress to the pointed tip. More-
over, a second outline occurs within the foregoing, so as to
simulate a double edge, as if a trace of a double wing were
present. ‘The thin edge beyond the inner line is boldly
striated transversely throughout, and curved transverse
strize cross the greater part of the tip, but not the base.

A considerable number of the bristles in this (second) row
present a further stage in the modification of the tip, which
forms a long, curved, tapering structure with the double
outline on the anterior face and the transverse striz through-
out the greater part of its extent. The two ridges on the
anterior face are evidently modifications of wings, and the
point is acute. The shaft is long and tapers from the upper
part to a point at the base, whilst the posterior curve comes
off distally before the anterior and is less abrupt. The
anterior outline swells into the “heel” of the tip aud is
specially striated. In the St. Andrews forms these chiefly
occur at the ventral edge. In those from Luccomb Chine,
Isle of Wight, they occur all along the second or middle
series.

In the variety ensifera from Lochmaddy and Guernsey
several of the paleze of the second row form long needle-like
processes projecting far beyond the rest, and giving a

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 171

character to the crown. Such occur in the young as well as
in the adults from both places.

The third or inner row has another modification, the tip
leaving the thin shaft at an angle greater than a right angle,
and resembling a long foot with a pointed toe, the resem~
blance being the closer since the heel aud foot have a
different axis from the shaft. The shaft is proportionally
the most slender, and the bending of the tip backwards
causes the heel (anterior projection) to stand out promi-
nently. Bold transverse striz occur on the face between
the ridges, so as to make a rasp-like surface to which mud
adheres. Finer striz are found on the heel and on the tip
apart from the ridges, These bristles form a spiny guard to
the oral aperture, and are often covered with muddy debris.

The crown is supported on a firm fleshy pillar, slightly
bifid dorsally, and more distinctly so ventrally, its surface
dorsally and laterally being variegated with purplish or madder
brown—often arranged in bands dorsally and at the sides
of the tentacles ventrally. A circle of acute tapering
papillz pointing forward surrounds the base of the crown,
and a brown pigment-band paszes from the sides ventrally
to the fissure.

Amidst the palez of two specimens from Southport are
numerous examples of a parasite akin to Udonella.

In the Scottish forms variations in the length of the tips
of the second row of palez are not uneommon, two or
more of these on each side occasionally forming conspicuous
golden curved needles which project far beyond the others,
A curious variety was found in its tube attached to Celle-
pora off St. Peter Port, Guernsey, in which the external
paleze had the distal central process reduced, so that at most
it is only bifid or rarely trifid. The blade is short and
broad. ‘The bill-hook series of the second row is also
broader and shorter than normal, but the inner palez (third
series) do not materially differ. This form shows that the
paleze are hollow, formed of two thin plates of a somewhat
brittle chitinoid substance.

On separating the lobes of the crown the mouth opens
in the centre, and it is marked by the same madder-brown
pigment, sometimes showing longitudinal stripes on its
dorsal edge. It forms a large antero-posterior opening
ventrally, the extended sides of which bear six series of
purplish tentacles, whilst posteriorly a deep groove lies be-
tween a smooth fold on each side. ach series of tentacles
springs from a base, as if formed of a transversely folded
sheet of tissue on each side, the purplish-brown pigment

12*

172 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

penetrating between the folds and rendering them more
distinct. The folds are directed obliquely outward and
forward, two on the pillars of the crown being more
nearly longitudinal than the others, and, besides, a patch of
tentacles closely abutting on the fissure lies to the inner side
of these.

The tentacles are long and nearly cylindrical filaments
which in life often twist and wriggle about. When stretched
out they become attenuate, and distinct crenations directed
toward the tip occur on their ciliated edges, giving the organ
a transversely streaked aspect. Each contains two vessels,
apparently a single trunk bent upon itself at the tip, the
trunks looping together at the bases of the tentacles. The
fluid in these vessels is perfectly translucent and free from
granules. The matrix of the process is granular and pale
(hypodermic), and seems to keep the vessels from undue
pressure, yet retaining sufficient elasticity. Muscular fibres,
both longitudinal and circular, are also present, but the
latter were not distinctly seen. Under a power of 60
diameters the cilia of these organs are often seen to remain
perfectly still—projecting from the sides like minute glassy
spikes, then they suddenly are adpressed, the points directed
toward the tip of the tentacle. Occasionally they are jerked
in various ways—some vibrating rapidly a few times and
again becoming rigid. In the quiescent condition they bear
some resemblance to the spinous ray of a starfish or to some
spine-clad stems like Gleditschia. 'The tip of the tentacle is
more opaque than the rest, from its granules and gland-
cells, and now and then it assumes a clavate outline, and
in the preparations a few show a slight constriction below
the tip.

On each side of the posterior groove of the mouth with its
glandular folds is a bifid process, the anterior rounded
portion of which is applied to the soft external fold of the
mouth, whilst the poimted and somewhat ligulate process
projects, like a ventral branchia, downward and slightly
forward. These organs probably act in conjunction with
the posterior buccal groove in tube-formation.

The body is somewhat flattened, marked dorsally and
ventrally by a red streak. The cuticle is delicate and
iridescent dorsally between the branchiz, and is ciliated
especially over the sites of the blood-vessels. The dorsal
groove over the buccal region is also ciliated. On the
ventral surface opposite the 2nd and 3rd segments is a
smooth ovoid area clearly differentiated from the surround-
ing parts by an elevated border.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 173

The firm cylindrical region, which splits in front to form
the two pillars of the crown, has at its posterior border
several processes, which apparently pertain to the next
segment.

Dorsally is a pair of branchiz of the normal shape, and
from this a fold passes ventrally on each side, a space,
however, intervening between it and the outer limb of the
bifid postoral process. At the end of this ridge is a broad,
flattened, pointed lobe or papilla, and sometimes two occur.
Such would appear to indicate the first foot of the anterior
or thoracic region of the body, more especially as on each side
of the mid-dorsal groove a tuft of three long simple bristles
with striated shafts and translucent tapered tips imbedded
in the tissnes passes forward to the anterior crown. The
inner bristle on each side forms a pair with its neighbour
and the tips are slightly incurved toward each other, the
second and third (outer) are smaller. These bristles pass
forward in a nearly parallel manner, only very slightly
widening in front. The most interesting feature, however,
is the occurrence to the exterior of these, also imbedded in
the tissues, of several types of the modified bristles in the.
paleal crown. Thus the slipper-shaped kind with the shaft
coming off at an angle, the form resembling a broad and
short bill-hook, and the broad paddle-like external palez
with the lateral spikes and special central process are each
represented on one side or the other.

The anterior (“thoracic”’) region of the body includes
three segments with transversely elongated lamellz, each,
moreover, having a pair of flattened ligulate crenate branchiz
which taper to a point and somewhat resemble the horns of a
goat or antelope, from their transverse ridges, the large cilia
of which have a bold hook-like curve directed toward the tip
of the organ. The branchiz are supplied with long powerful
cilia on their ridges, which make a vortex in the water
around them, and thus are in marked contrast to the
delicately ciliated tentacles. Two vessels occur at their
base, apparently afferent and efferent, and between these are
a series of parallel transverse branches. They are less
sensitive than the pale purple tentacles, since a more violent
contraction takes place when the latter are touched with a
needle. The first, viz., that in front of the anterior region
proper, is arather broad tongue-shaped process, shorter than
the succeeding, which are elongated horn-shaped organs, the
6th apparently being the longest. They continue to the
posterior end, but gradually diminish in size.

Each of the three prominent lateral lamelle below the

174 Prof, M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

branchiz carries a series of spathulate golden bristles
arranged in a single line, the first having 7 or 8, the second
9, O. andl the third 10. They are generally directed straight
outward, though in life the points are directed backward,
and have a flattened translucent tip like the blade of a
paddle, the upper end of the shaft gradually dilating into
the broad blade; the dilated part, moreover, showing in some
short oblique striae on one side—as if a trace of the striz
so common in winged forms. Those of the first set have
a narrower tip and longer fringes; the outer fringes,
moreover, being split into finer processes on the margin.
Those of the third series have broader tips and the brush-
like filaments at the extremity are shorter. Each bristle
diminishes in size from the tip to the base, and the shaft is
striated. Mingled with the foregoing bristles are a few
simple forms, the curved slender tapering tips of which with
their sparse spikes project from the skin between the stronger
forms. If anything, the first series has slightly narrower
tips aud more slender shafts than the third, which sometimes
shows truncated tips from wear.

A fold, marked by the purple-brown pigment from each of
the dorsal setigerous lamellee, continues the segment ventrally
and ends in a papilla with a minute tuft of golden bristles,
which, although small, have a similar structure to the larger.
They are translucent bristles with long shafts deeply inserted
in the tissues, the dilatation of the shaft distally being more
gradual, whilst the fringes at the tip of the blade pass much
more deeply, so that the whole tip forms a more perfect
brush. They are also accompanied by the simple spinous
bristles, which are considerably shorter, but go more deeply
into the tissues. The physiological importance of the two
sets of bristles is unknown, but it may be conjectured that
the oar-shaped forms, having performed their functions of
fashioning the tube, could be slightly retracted, or the
slender ones may be slightly protracted, so that both might
act in a brush-like manner. The anterior tuft is the largest
and the 3rd the smallest ; the opposite condition occurring
in the large dorsal bristles. ‘The direction of these bristles
is forward and slightly inward, the angle of inclination being
thus different from that in the next series. The last (3rd)
set shows faint serrations or striz at the sides just below the
flat tip.

Between the ventral edge of the lamella for the hooks and
the ventral bristles in the second (abdominal) region of the
body is a small filiform papilla, longest in front and
diminishing to a minute process in the caudal region.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 175

- The succeeding region of the body is characterized by the

increase in the depth of the lateral lamell, the first being
about three times that of the next in front; but they
gradually diminish in depth in their progress backward,
whilst they increase in prominence, those in the distal part
of the region, for no dorsal bristles are visible, projecting like
cirri. ‘The bristles of the region are thus pushed veutrally,
so that even the long posterior forms are not, as a rule, seen
at the sides in a dorso-ventral view. They are situated to
the inner side of the prominent, coloured, lamelle forming
the dorsal region of each segment. The longest bristles in
each tuft are in front, since, instead of being arranged in a
transverse row, they form an oblique one. The typical
bristles are long and translucent with smooth shafts, which
taper from the skin to the delicate and flexible tip covered
with whorls of spikes directed distally. Their usual direction
is forward and inward, and they fall smoothly under a needle,
carried from behind forward, but rise against it when passed in
the opposite direction. As rudimentary bristles of the same
kind appear in the first region of the body between the bases
of the spathulate forms, their distribution is thus uniform
throughout. Moreover, the bristles of the first series of this
region present a transition-stage, having stouter shafts and a
broader and shorter spinous part at the tip, the latter, indeed,
resembling a short villous region. Accompanying these is
usually a slender tapering spinous bristle, and this is also a
transition-form. The posterior bristles form a conspicuous
series ventrally, but, though longer, their structure remains
the same.

The prominent transverse or lateral lamelle formerly
alluded to bear the numerous hooks, their tendons, and
muscles. In shape the hooks are elongate, with a single
tendon at the distal end and two at the rounded base. In
lateral view five teeth usually characterize them, though
when viewed from the front each represents only one of two
or three in the row of which six may occur in both anterior
and posterior feet, the latter, however, having smaller hooks.
The slender cirriform lamellz of the posterior feet have the
interior largely occupied by the bundles of tendons from the
hooks, and to these muscular fibres are attached. At the
base of each elongated lamella posteriorly is a deep brownish
pigment-spot.

The narrow posterior end of the body is continued as a
long tubular process, which fits into the dorsal groove when
the animal is quiescent in the tube, but which can be
elongated or shortened at will, and forms a very efficient

176 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

means for passing the fecal matter out of the aperture of the
tube without necessitating the turning of the annelid. At
its tip is the vent with a more or less distinct rim which in
some is oblique. It is noteworthy that in the preparations
this tube is generally dorsal, whereas that of S. alveolata is
doubled forward in the ventral groove.

The next species, Sabellaria alveolata, L., has a cephalic
region which differs from that of S. spinulosa in the more
beautifully regular arrangement of the palez of the crown,
and in the greater development of the filiform papille which
form a graceful margin to it, and are even seen through its
translucent marginal paleee. Moreover, the shortness of the
firm buccal region posteriorly distinguishes it from S. spinu-
losa. The sloping inner row of pale guard an elliptical
central space, at the anterior end of which are the frilled dorsal
margins of the mouth. The crown is supported on two
short and massive pillars, but they are connate at the dorsal
margin, the only differentiation being a gap in the circle of
papillz: and the central line separating the posterior paleze.
Looked at from the face, however, a slight incurvation of the
margin is observed dorsally and a more distinct one ventrally,
where the split between the pillars supporting the crown is
very distinct. In this species the marginal papille sur-
rounding the crown.are larger, longer, and more numerous
than in S. spinulosa, and are very conspicuous whether
viewed from front or rear.

The outer pales form a pale golden, translucent, and regular
margin to the crown, lying almost horizontally, or with a shght
slope upward, and presenting a finely notched continuous
edge under a lens. Each palea is shaped somewhat like a
ericket-bat with a long tapering handle and unequal
shoulders, the translucent and flattened blade being slightly
bent at the tip and generally split into five or six strong
curved teeth directed to the front, or that side of the blade
with the higher shoulder and slight concavity in outline.
The second tooth, which occupies nearly the middle of the
blade, is longest, and is followed by three or four smaller.
The blade is marked by transverse strize, which are finest on
the translucent tip, and a kind of keel occurs near the
higher shoulder, for the shaft is more or less rounded or
angular, whilst the blade is flattened. The blades at the
dorsal edge are a little longer, and their tips show less
friction. The middle palez have slightly shorter blades, the
tips of which are sometimes frayed, and the curve in front
differs, in so far as a tendency to slope backward distally
is noticeable. Those at the ventral edge show the latter

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 177

feature in a more pronounced manner, the tips are sherter,
the teeth at the tip are longer, less curved, and show the
effects of friction. The developing palez in the tissues
have the teeth connected by a membrane.

The second row, which is nearly horizontal, consists of
palee with an outline resembling a large heavy foot (the
blade) and a slender tapering leg (the shaft), the heel being
comparatively small. The double outline on the part repre-
senting the sole is less marked than in Sabellaria spinulosa,
and this outline is nearly straight, the opposite one being
slightly convex. Both slope a little toward the blunt tip,
which is often frayed. The flattened tip is crossed by trans-
verse strize, and the tips of the blades touch the bases of the
outer palez and form a very regular second row, the two
sides making an ovoid area.

The inner or third row of the pale golden palez forms an
oblique palisade, which leaves only a narrow ellipse between
them, and in lateral view, in Neapolitan examples especially,
the palisade shows a high dorsal margin and diminishes
gradually to the ventral edge. The typical palea has a long,
flattened, tapering terminal blade, from which the shaft
passes off at an oblique angle and tapers to a point, the heel
or shoulder being at the front edge, the outline of which is
very slightly concave, and with serrations on the margin,
The dorsal outline presents a slight convexity in the region
corresponding to the arch of the foot. The transverse or
slightly oblique strize pass from the inner outline to the free
edge where the notches are. The rest of the tip is longi-
tudinally striated.

The dorsal arch of the mouth is of a deep purplish-brown
hue, and it passes backward till it meets with a buccal collar
which joins its fellow of the opposite side ventrally ina
slightly spout-shaped margin. From the dorsal edge of
this collar springs a tapering buccal tentacle on each side.
External to this collar ventrally another dark brownish-
purple and frilled lamella, considerably thinner than the
former, extends to meet that of the opposite side, so as to form
another spout-shaped process—as it were, ensheathing the
former, and covnected externally with the inner base of the
bifid organ which guards the spout-shaped aperture ventrally.
The bifid organ springs by a broad base from the peristomial
region, the massive and larger division curving inward to
meet its fellow in front of the external spout-shaped aperture,
the chink of which is observed between them. ‘The anterior
end of each is blunt and rounded, and the dorsal surface is
tinted brownish. The other process springs about midway

178 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

from the outer edge, and passes forward and outward as a
short conical process in the Neapolitan, but as a process
with a longer filiform tip in the English examples, though
its condition is subject to variation. Moreover, on a long
papilla on the dorsal edge of the base (that is, behind the
external pointed papilla), a row of fine bristles projects,
the long axis of the tuft being from the front slightly
upward and backward. In structure these bristles differ
from the ventral series in being comparatively stout, per-
fectly smooth, and with the tips apparently abraded from
use.

The oral tentacles form a series of converging rows on
each side to the number of about twelve, but the number is
variable. Each basal lamella is concave in front, and the
filaments spring from the summit as a single row.

In spirit the buccal region still retains deep purplish-
brown pigment on the sides, especially external to the
tentacles and between their basal folds. It is terminated on
each side posteriorly, as in S. spinosa, by a fillet which has a
branchia dorsally and a flattened and pointed lamella with
a minute bristle-tuft below it ventrally, the bristles having
proportionally stout shafts and tapering closely spinous tips.
They appear to belong to the ventral series.

The long dorsal bristles in the complex region of Sadellaria
spinulosa are thus absent, only developing palee occurring
toward its anterior margin. Whether the smooth bristles
to the exterior of the ventral mouth-lobes represent their
equivalent or otherwise is at present unknown, but their
absence dorsally is noteworthy. Meyer’s view that such
represents the dorsal division of the first segment of the
body is thus not without basis, more especially as the tuft
of characteristic bristles shows that the ventral division is
also present. The dorsal bristles seem to be well developed
in Pallasia murata, Allen *, the first branchia with the fillet
and the papilla on its anterior margin would thus appear to
complete the parts of the first bristled segment.

The body is massive, rather flattened, grooved both
dorsally and ventrally, gently tapered, both when viewed
dorsally and laterally, from the anterior to the posterior end,
and divided into two regions, besides the long, flexible,
caudal tube which appears to be invariably curved ventrally
in the preparations. The dorsum is occupied throughout by
the branchiz, the first three of which have broader flattened
bases and more slender tips than the rest—which increase

* Journ. M, B. A. iv. 8, vol. vii. p. 301, pl. x. figs. 1 & 3.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 179

in length to the 7th or 8th, and then gradually diminish
posteriorly. Their structure corresponds with that in
S. spinulosa. The lateral region has the segment-ridges and
the lamelle for the hooks, the latter posteriorly projecting
outward as long cuneiform processes. The dorsal surface
is marked by close transverse strie and an ovoid area
about the 6th and 7th branchiz. Ventrally the groove at
the same level has a similar depressed ovoid area, and the
caudal tube lies in the groove posteriorly, whilst anteriorly
the groove commences behind the first (or thoracic) region.

Behind the fragmentary segment just described is the first
region of the body proper (thoracic auctorum) consisting
of three segments, each with a dorsal branchia and a
lateral setigerous lamella, which increases in length and
breadth from the first to the third. The first is least,
and has slightly smaller oar-shaped bristles (7 in number),
the pointed translucent tips of which are only a little fringed,
and thus differ from those of Sabedlaria spinulosa with their
deep fissures. The second has a longer lamella than the
first and a few bristles more, and the third exceeds both in
these respects, and the bristles often show asymmetrical tips.
The shafts of all these oar-shaped bristles are remarkably
long, penetrating deeply into the tissues, and they also
appear to be flat. Between each, as a rule, is a slender
finely spinous form, only the tip of which projects from the
surface, but it has a long straight shaft almost as large as
that of the oar-shaped kind. The posterior margin of the
first and second lamellz are coarsely crenate, but that of
the third is smooth; a ridge from each lamella passes
downward to the ventral bristles.

The ventral bristles, as in the previous species, conform
to the type of the dorsal, being more slender forms with
oar-shaped tips.

The posterior region of the body has about 34 bristled
segments, and tapers gently from the anterior to the posterior
end, but the latter is of considerable breadth and is gently
rounded to join the caudal tube. The dorsal surface is more
or less flattened and marked by a rather broad median band
with transverse grooves, which are not opposite those between
the lateral lamelle—indeed, they alternate with these. The
ovoid anterior area is opposite the first, second, and part of the
third segments of the region, whilst posteriorly the median
band rises into an elevated rounded ridge, continuous with
the caudal tube. The branchiz form conspicuous dorsal
' processes, the first seven or eight being noteworthy for their
great length. Their structure corresponds with that observed

180 Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory.

in S. spinulosa. The ventral surface has a deep median groove,
commencing with the first segment of the region and con-
tinuing to the last, for the reception of the caudal tube
as it curves to this surface. Two transverse ridges cross
the groove in front of the anterior area, the second being
slightly bent forward, and the next (third) curved more
boldly backward to suit the ovoid boss. As with the grooves
on the dorsum, these transverse ridges are opposite the
middle of each segment.

This region (second body-region) has no dorsal bristles.
A ridge passes from each branchia laterally and ventrally,
almost to the edge of the ventral groove. ‘The upper third
of the ridge is flat, then the torus for the uncini project and
end ventrally in a papilla; lastly, the ridge is continued ven-
trally and ends in a process for the ventral bristle-tuft and
a small subulate cirrus external to or behind it. The first
has the longest and largest cirrus, and it is situated to the
exterior of the bristle-tuft, and the next five or six, though
less, are easily seen to the exterior of the bristles. By-and-by,
in their progress backward, they diminish and fall to the
rear of the bristle-tuft, and in the caudal region they form
only flattened eminences behind the tufts. The first torus
for the hooks is of great length, and so with the second, but
the others gradually diminish, the last eight or nine being
cirriform. The hooks are similar to those of S. spinulosa,
presenting six teeth in lateral view, the basal end, however, 1s
somewhat more truncate distally. Front views show at least
a double series of teeth along the edge. ach has its distal
and two proximal tendons, and the numbers are great, the
tendons forming an asbestos-like mass of fibres in each case.
The postericr hooks are smaller, but do not differ materially
in outline.

The first bristle-tuft of the region is directed horizontally
inward, and in structure it possesses intermediate characters,
having about six or seven strong golden bristles with long
flattened oar-shaped tips and elongated points, the surface of
the tip being minutely spinous. There are, besides, about
the same number of forms with more slender shafts and finely
tapered tips, densely covered with minute whorls of spikes.

The second ventral tuft of pale golden bristles is directed
inward and slightly forward, but it conforms to the ventral
type of structure, some of the bristles having stouter longi-
tudinally striated shafts, others more slender, but all having
slender tapering tips clothed with whorls of spikes directed
distally. The rest of the bristles of the region have their
tips directed forward and inward, those in the caudal region

On Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide. 181

being even more conspicuous than those in front, and they
have proportionally shorter tips and longer shafts, the
imbricated spikes forming a scale-like arrangement on the
front of the bristle, whilst the back is smooth. A more or
less alternating series of stronger and more slender bristles
occurs in each tuft, which is antero-posteriorly spread, like
a fan, over the soft caudal tube in its ventral groove.

The caudal tube bends smoothly to the ventral groove,
and extends more than halfway forward on the ventral
surface, diminishing a little as it proceeds. A purplish-
brown pigment-patch marks its commencement. Two ridges
(probably muscular) occur on the ventral surface, with a
median groove between them and a lateral furrow at each
side. The anal aperture at the tip is usually ovoid in the
preparations, with the long diameter transverse.

XIX.— Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide,
with Descriptions of new Species. By Cuas. O. WaTER-
HOUSE, I.8.0., F.E.S.

[Continued from vol. ix. 1912, p. 57.]

Paracupta varennes?, Montr.

The synonymy as given by Captain Kerremans in Wyts-
mann’s ‘Genera’ and in his Monograph (iv. p. 143) is not
quite correct. ‘The species named erythrocephala in Capt.
Kerremans’ collection is sutwralis, Saund., with three impres-
sions on each elytron. The true erythrocephala has only one
fovea at the base of the elytra (vide Montrouzier, Ann. Soc,
Ent. Fr. viii. 1860, p. 249). Thesynonymy therefore should
stand thus :—

1. P. varennest, Montr.

2. P. suturalis, Saund.

montrouziert, Th.
erythrocephala, Kerrem, (nec Montr.),

3. P. erythrocephala, Montr.

meesta, Saund,

182 Mr. ©. O. Waterhouse on Coleoptera .

Haplotrinchus viridula, Ol.

By some unaccountable accident Capt. Kerremans had
this species in his collection named “‘ cupreomaculata, Saund.,”
and it appears under that name as the first species of the
genus Haplotrinchus in Wytsman’s ‘Genera,’ p. 127. The
true cupreomaculata is a Dicercomorpha somewhat resembling
D. javanica, but more finely sculptured and with bright
coppery-red ornamentation.

Chalcophora sexspinosa, Th.
This species is a Dicercomorpha allied to cupreomaculata.

Haplotrinchus splendens, sp. n.

Head steel-blue, the vertex rich coppery red. Thorax
rather strongly but not very closely punctured, dark steel-
blue in front, bright metallic coppery red behind and at the
sides. Scutellum rather broad, yellowish coppery, impressed
in the middle. LElytra bright metallic green with gold
reflections, shading into deep coppery red behind the middle,
the apex steel-blue. ‘The lines of punctures very slightly
impressed, the interstices very finely punctured. The apex
of each elytron with three teeth, the outer one prominent
and very acute, the others small. Body beneath dark steel-
blue, the tibize and tarsi ferruginous.

Length 15 mm.

Hab. Fiji Is. (September).

This species has somewhat the broad elliptical form of
HT. aurocuprea and pyrochlora, but it has no carina at the
sides of the thorax and there are no impressions on the elytra.

Dicercomorpha fasciata, sp. n.

Dark steel-blue, the elytra with a purple shade. Resembles
D. mutabilis in form. Head strongly rugosely punctured in
front. Thorax strongly angulated at the sides, strongly
punctured, the punctures not very close together on the disk,
crowded at the sides. There is an oblique finely punctured
impression in front, commencing at the anterior angle, slightly
widening as it extends on to the disk; a short median im-
pressed line in front ; a rather deep, small, golden fovea in
the middle of the base. Hach elytron has the following
well-marked, finely punctured, pale brassy white impres-
sions :—A fascia at the base extending from the shoulder to
near the scutellum; a transverse one below the shoulder,

of the Family Buprestide. 183

with a small round one on the same level close to the suture ;
a larger oval one on the disk behind these, with a very
small one near it close to the suture ; a transverse one just
behind these, touching the margin ; a fascia extending from
the suture to the margin, interrupted by the second costa ; a
subapical fascia which does not quite reach the suture. ‘I'he
sutural apical angle is not acute as in mutabilis, and the
outer tooth is only very slightly prominent.

Length 19 mm.

fab, Philippine Is. (ex coll. D. Sharp).

LEctinogonia darwini, sp. n.

Very broad. Head coppery, rugose, clothed with obscure
yellowish pubescence. Thorax a little wider in front of the
middle than at the posterior angles, which are not divergent,
blackish green, densely and coarsely punctured, rugose at
the sides; median impression parallel-sided, the raised
smooth parts have a few punctures, each with a rather broad
bluish-green expansion near the front extending halfway to
the anterior angle. Hlytra densely and finely punctured,
with larger punctures intermixed, the punctured parts
coppery, the raised interspaces bluish green. The suture
only slightly raised. Hach elytron has three shining, strongly
raised, smooth, nearly black coste, broad at the base,
gradually narrowed posteriorly, all meeting near the apex ;
the third or outer one somewhat interrupted posteriorly.
Each costa has several green punctured impressions. Be-
tween the third costa and the margin there is a fourth costa,
beginning behind the middle and extending to the apex;
this has three or four coppery punctured impressions. ‘Ihe
apex of each elytron is obliquely emarginate. Underside
bright coppery, strongly punctured ; the middle of the pro-
sternum bluish green. The margins of the abdominal
segments shaded with golden green.

Length 32, lat. 14 mm.

fab. 2

The specimen described was in a box of miscellaneous
S.-American insects collected by C. Darwin during the voyage
of the ‘Beagle.’ It was standing by a label “from the
Booby, St. Pauls,” which referred to a species of Onithomyia,
but it is very improbable that it came from that island. It
is almost certainly from Chili.

Stigmodera peroni, Lap. & Gory.
The insect which bears this name in the Museum collection,

184 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

and which appears to be correctly determined, is the same as
Strigoptera australis of Blackburn. It is placed in the genus
Neobuprestis by Kerremans. It was originally described
from Kangaroo Island, and two of the Museum specimens
are from that locality. The male has the apical segment of
the abdomen broadly emarginate, with the outer angles very
acute.

XX.—On new Species of Indian Curculionidee.—Part II.
By Guy A. K. MARSHALL.

Tue following six new species of weevils were represented in
a collection submitted to me for identification by Mr. E. P.
Stebbing.

All the types are deposited in the British Museum.

OTIORRHYNCHINA.
Myllocerus carinirostris, sp. 0.

Rufo-brunneus, insuper brunneo- subter pallide viridi-squamosus,
prothorace lineis duabus viridibus ornato, elytris interstitiis alter-
nis pallidioribus ; rostro area dorsali elevata in frontem adscen-
dente ibique abrupte truncata, ares lateribus alte carinatis;
funiculi articulo primo quam secundo longiore; prothorace sub-
cylindrico, postice transverse impresso, basi bisinuato, apice
rotundato-producto; elytris latis, longitudinaliter valde convexis,
ad apicem truncatis, interstitiis setis squamiformibus confertim
obsitis; femoribus unidentatis.

Colour black or chestnut-brown, with brown and green
scaling ; the sides and underparts pale metallic green ; the
prothorax dark brown above, with two narrow green stripes ;
the elytra indistinctly striped, the intervals 1, 3, and 5 being
brown, the suture and alternate intervals rather paler and
more or less irrorated with green scales, especially at the
base of 2.

Head not continuous with the rostrum in a single plane,
but with the elevated base of the latter continued on to the
forehead, being broadly truncate at its base, and terminating
abruptly so as to form a transverse furrow between the eyes ;
the latter widely separated and almost circular. Rostrum
about as long as broad, longer than the head, somewhat
dilated at the apex, the apical margin deeply and acutely
incised, the raised dorsal area depressed in the middle,

Species of Indian Curculionids. 185

without any central carina, but with the lateral carinz
elevated far above the upper margin of the eyes and forming
an angular prominence above the insertion of the antenne.
Antenne stout, the scape reaching the middle of the pro-
thorax, with conspicuous curved sete and brown and green
scaling, the funicle with the basal joints elongate, 2 longer
than 1, 3 slightly longer than 4, 2 to 6 with whitish scaling.
Prothvrax subcylindrical, the sides almost straight, the apex
scarcely narrower than the base, the basal margin deeply
bisinuate, the apical margin roundly prominent ; when the
scaling is intact the upper surface is closely covered with
small punctures, each containing a short scale-like seta, and
there is a shallow transverse impression behind the middle.
Elytra comparatively broad, with the shoulders rather promi-
nent, the sides slightly sinuate behind the shoulders and
rounded posteriorly, being broadest behind the middle, the
apices broadly truncate, the longitudinal curvature very
convex, the striz deep and distinctly punctate, the intervals
convex and closely set with short, suberect, broad, scale-like
sete, Legs red-brown, with green and grey scaling, all the
femora with a small tooth, the tibiz simple,

Long. 54-64, lat. 22-3 mm.

Assam: Sylhet, Cachar; Burma: Tharrawaddy (2. P.
Stebbing).

In specimens which appear to be females of this species
the rostral plate is rather narrower and its sides are distinetly
sinuate and not strongly carinate. The presence of this
rostral plate will distinguish this Myllocerus from every other
described species,

Myllocerus catechu, sp. 0.

Niger, squamulis viridibus metallicis dense vestitus, prothorace ad
latera utrinque fusco-vittato; oculis lateralibus convexis, quam
fronte multo angustioribus ; rostro breyiore quam ad basin latiore,
apice leviter rectangulariter exciso, carina media in frontem
continuata ; antennis ferrugineis, funiculi articulo primo quam
secundo evidenter longiore et crassiore ; prothorace subquadrato,
lateribus parum rotundatis, basi subtruncato nec apice latiore ;
elytris setis minimis depressis indutis ; femoribus unidentatis.

Colour black, with uniform pale metallic-green scaling,
the prothorax with a lateral fuscous stripe on each side,

Head almost plane, the eyes lateral and rather prominent,
the forehead much broader than the space between the scrobes,
Rostrum a little longer than the head, shorter than its basal
width, the sides narrowed from the base to beyond the middle

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 13

186 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

and dilated at the apex, the apical emargination comparatively
shallow and forming aright angle, shallowly impressed above,
and with a fine central carina which ascends the forehead, the
lateral caring obsolete. Antenne ferruginous, the funicle
with joint 1 evidently longer and thicker than 2, the remaining
joints subequal. Prothorax about as long as broad, the sides
slightly rounded, broadest at the middle, very shallowly con-
stricted and transversely impressed near the apex, the basal
margin subtruncate and not broader than the apex, the
sculpturing entirely concealed by the scaling. lytra shal-
lowly emarginate at the base, about twice as broad as the
prothorax at the shoulders, the sides parallel, distinctly
punctato-striate, the intervals slightly convex, the sete very
minute and depressed, only visible under a high magnifica-
tion. Legs flavescent, the femora with green scaling and
each with a minute tooth,

Long. 23-23, lat. 3-1 mm.

BomBay: Poona (£. P. Stebbing).

Mr. Stebbing found this species teeding upon the leaves of
Acacia catechu.

EREMNINZ.

CYRTEPISTOMUS, gen. nov.
Type, Phyllobius jucundus, Redt.

Rostro non breviore quam latiore, genis plus minus dilatatis, mar-
gine epistomatis postico rotundato aut obtuse angulato, margine
antico minus profunde exciso, scrobibus omnino apicalibus, fora-
mine oris obliquo, mento setis quatuor transversim obsito; an-
tennis elongatis, scapo cylindrico, gradatim clavato, funiculi
articulo secundo quam primo non breviore; prothorace ad basin
subtruncato aut perparum bisinuato, apice quam basi non aut vix
angustiore, lobis ocularibus semper observandis, vibrissis brevibus ;
elytris, sterno, ventre, pedibus ut in genre Cyphicero, sed corbulis
tibiarum posticarum sine carina interna (nécopino et pannoso
exceptis).

Allied to Cyphicerus, Schh., which differs principally in
the following points:—The apical emargination of the
rostrum is deep, and the posterior margin of the epistome
forms a sharp angle, which is never less than a right angle;
the funicle bears true scales and the second joint is longer
than the first; the mentum bears only two seta, and the
corbels of the posterior tibize have always a distinct internal
carina.

In addition to the type, the following described species are

Species of Indian Curculionide. 187

referable to this genus :—Cyphicerus deprecabilis, Fst., Cori-
getus gracilicornis, F'st., Corigetus necopinus, Fst., and Cori-
getus testatus, Fst. The genus is so far known to occur in
India, Burma, and China.

Cyrtepistomus pannosus, sp. 0.

Piceus, parce brunneo-squamosus, fascia pallida indistincta post
medium ornatus; fronte latissima in medio striata, oculis latera-
libus fere planis ; rostro in medio carinato; funiculi articulis 1
et 2 subeequalibus ; prothorace transverso, lobis ocularibus dis-
tinctis subangulatis, rude punctato, antice transverse impresso,
pone medium utrinque foveolato; elytris pone medium perparum
dilatatis, squamulis elongato-oblongis et setis erectis obsitis.

Colour varying from pale brown to piceous black, with thin
and uneven greyish scaling, often forming a very irregular
transverse band behind the middle. :

Head with the eyes lateral and almost flat, the forehead
very broad and with a rather deep short central stria.
Rostrum about as long as its basal width, strongly narrowed
from the base to beyond the middle, thence dilated; the two
earinee flanking the dorsal area slightly diverging behind and
with a longitudinal furrow adjoining each externally, the
dorsal area plane and with a central carina lying ina furrow.
Antenne with joints 1 and 2 of the funicle subequal. Pro-
thorax transverse, with the sides gently rounded, the base
truncate, the dorsal front margin straight, the ocular lobes
well developed, subangulate, and with indistinct vibrissee ;
the dorsum coarsely punctate, with a shallow transverse
anterior impression and a rounded fovea on each side behind
the middle. /ytra subtruncate at the base, very slightly
broadened behind the middle in both sexes, the strize strongly
punctate ; the scales mostly elongate-oblong, a few sub-
quadrate ; the setse cylindrical, rather long, and erect. Legs
with the anterior tibize almost straight internally.

Long. 4-54, lat. 13-24 mm.

CENTRAL Provinces: Damoh, Jabalpur (2. P. Stebding) ;
Berar: Melghat Forest (Stebbing).

Recorded as feeding on the leaves of teak.

Amblyrrhinus subrecticollis, sp. n.

Niger, squamulis brunneis et griseis variegatus, elytris postice plaga
pallida ornatis ; A. poricolli similis, sed rostro deflexo, lateribus
subparallelis ; prothorace subcylindrico et ad basin quam elytris
multo angustiore ; elytris setulis squamiformibus erectis obsitis,

13*

188 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

Black, with dense grey scaling; the prothorax with a
brown stripe on each side and a narrow brown central line ;
elytra variegated with brown dorsally and with a more
distinct angulated brown marking behind the middle, followed
by a broad pale oblique band.

Rostrum about as broad as long, almost parallel-sided and
directed downwards, the raised dorsal area also parallel-
sided and without any distinct anterior impression. Pro-
thorax about as long as broad, much narrower than the elytra
at the base, and only slightly narrowed in front, the sides
being almost straight, the dorsal anterior margin subtrun-
cate, the ocular lobes well developed ; the upper surface with
the sculpturing hidden by the scaling and set with very short
suberect sete. Llytra with distinct striae, but with the
punctures hidden by the scaling, the intervals convex and
with rows of erect scale-like sete.

Long. 5, lat. 24 mm.

Unirep Provinces: Dehra Dun (A. JZ. Littlewood).

Mr. Stebbing states that the species was found in the
rotting bark of Mallotus philippinensis.

In A. poricollis, Boh., the rostrum is porrect and narrowed
in front, the prothorax is broadly dilated behind and the sides
are angulated near the base, and the setze on the elytra are
recumbent and inconspicuous. Further, the scale-structure
is quite distinct: in A. subrecticollis the scales are flake-like,
flat or slightly concave, strongly fluted, and more or less
regularly imbricated ; whereas in A. poricollis they are
somewhat bead-like, convex, indistinctly fluted, and scarcely
overlapping.

ALcrpiIn2.
Alcides porrectirostris, sp. n.

Ater, nitidus, nudus; fronte fovea impressa; rostro porrecto, sat
fortiter punctato ; prothorace subconico, quam latitudine basali
vix breviore, lateribus fere rectis, equaliter granulato, antice
rugoso ; elytris prothorace multo latioribus, humeris prominenti-
bus, lateribus subparallelis, seriatim fossulatis, subclathratis, inter-
stitiis irregularibus rugosis ; femoribus gracilibus, rugose punc-
tatis, pilis longis infra indutis, dente acuto juxta apicem armatis,
tibiis anticis intus unidentatis.

Black, shining, without scaling (three examples).

Head closely punctate, with a frontal fovea. Rostrum
quite straight and porrect (especially in ¢ ), slightly widened
apically, striolate at the base, strongly punctate in g, more
finely in @. Prothorax subconical, about as long as its basal

Species of Indian Curculionide. 189

width, the sides almost straight and with only a slight ante-
rior constriction, the upper surface with rather distant low
granules, the apical area rugose, the antescutellar angle
slightly elevated. Scutellum oval, shallowly impressed.
Llytra much broader than the prothorax, with the shoulders
very prominent and roundly rectangular, the sides narrowing
very slightly to beyond the middle, the longitudinal outline
very convex and deepest before the middle, with regular rows
of fovez, the intervals being rather narrow, irregular, rugose,
and sparsely set with very short, curved, pale sete, the poste-
rior calli prominent. Legs very coarsely punctate, the femora
comparatively slender, with a fringe of long hairs beneath
and with a long sharp tooth close to the apex; front tibia
with a single internal tooth at the basal third.

Long. 8-94, lat. 33-4 mm.

PungaB: Bashahr (2. P. Stebbing).

CossONINZ.

Himatium asperum, sp. n.

Rufo-brunneum, setosum; fronte evidenter confertim punctata;
rostro omnino recto subcylindrico, a capite abruptius emisso, in
medio dorsi subtilius punctato, alibi punctis majoribus sub-
confluentibus ; prothorace subdepresso, undique reticulato-punc-
tato, setis transversim reclinatis induto, prope basin latiore,
lateribus vix rotundatis, antice profunde constricto; elytris late
et profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis omnibus setis reclinatis,
alternis setis squamiformibus erectis obsitis.

Uniform red-brown, with stout pale sete.

Head very convex and closely and distinctly punctate, the
eyes scarcely visible from above. Rostrum about twice as
long as broad, straight, parallel-sided, almost cylindrical, and
projecting from the head at an angle with the forehead ; for
the most part with coarse and longitudinally confluent punc-
tures, except in the centre of the disk, where the punctures
are even finer than those on the head ; with a few short scale-
like setee and a transverse row of four very long erect ones
at the extreme base. Prothorax nearly half as long again as
broad, widest near the base and gradually narrowed ante-
riorly, with a deep constriction near the apex; the upper
surface rather flattened, with coarse reticulate punctation and
long transversely recumbent sete; the anterior margin
laterally oblique and with a short, very dense, white fringe.
Elytra somewhat flattened dorsally, with broad strie con-
taining large punctures, the intervals not broader than the

190° Dr. J. S. Thomson on the

striae and each bearing a row of stout recumbent overlapping
setee, the alternate intervals also with a row of erect scale-
like sete .

Long. 2}-23, lat. 2 mm.

AssaM: Goalpara (EL. P. Stebbing).

Found under the bark of a sal-tree (Shorea robusta).

Allied to Himatium pubescens, Woll., trom Malabar,
but that species differs ¢nter alia in the following points :—
The rostrum projects less abruptly from the head and is
slightly curved, the punctation being equally coarse through-
out; the head is extremely finely and sparsely punctate ;
the punctures on the prothorax are not reticulate, the inter-
spaces being much broader than in H. asperum, and the sides
of the prothorax are distinctly rounded ; in the unique type
the dorsum of the elytra is almost bare, but appears to have
been abraded.

XXI.— Observations on the Coloration of Echinus angulosus,
A. Agass. By J. Stuart TxHomson, Ph.D., F.LS.,
F.R.S.E., Lecturer in Vertebrate Zoology, Victoria
University of Manchester.

In 1904 F. Jeffrey Bell, in describing the Echinoderma
found off the coast of South Africa, writes on the coloration
of Echinus angulosus, A. Agass., as follows :— The spines of
this species appear to be pretty constantly either red or
purple ; the difference is so marked, and seems to be so
equally divided among the specimens that it appears to me
that it would be worth while to make observations on fresh
specimens to see if it is due to differences of sex. I do not
think this difference can be regarded as specific, notwith-
standing Dr. Mortensen’s statement that colour is an excel-
lent guide for distinguishing the species of Echini.”

This species, Hehinus angulosus, occurs abundantly at
various localities on the shore of and in shallow water off the
South African coast. During a period of work at Cape
Town I took the opportunity of noting the colours in a large
number of living specimens of /chinus angulosus, and the
first object of this short paper is to show that there are no
facts to support the supposition that the coloration of this
species may be regarded as a secondary sexual character.

_ A. Agassiz has described and figured Hehinus angulosus,
and he has also given a list of the synonyms and stated the

Coloration of Echinus angulosus, A. Ayass. 191

wide distribution of this species. Regarding the colour,
Agassiz states that the longer and more slender spines gene-
rally have violet tips, and that the shafts have all shades
between violet and the lightest yellow. Meissner has
recorded Hehinus angulosus from Cape Town, and writes
that the colour of the spines cf his specimens differed from
those described by Agassiz in that they were a uniform brown
throughout, while those of Agassiz’s forms had coloured tips.
Meissner, however, states that he was unable to state whether
this was acolour variation, as he had no available notes on
the coloration of living forms.

The specimens of Lchinus angulosus, the colour variation
of which I noted, were mainly collected from three littoral
localities in False Bay and Table Bay ; but I also examined
specimens taken by the trawl in deeper water, viz. at a depth
of 20 fathoms. Echinus angulosus occurs in great numbers
in the rock-pools at low tides, and the species is of some
slight economic value, as it is used as food by some of the
numerous nationalities represented in Cape Colony. The
species lends a bright colour to the pools in which it is
found and can be noticed at some distance.

At Sea Point, to the west of Cape Town, the following
varieties of colours among the specimens were noted :—
Purple, 43 specimens ; red, 7 specimens; green, 15 speci-
mens; grey, 38 specimens ; intermediate between purple and
grey, 2 specimens; intermediate between green and purple,
3 specimens.

‘he species was seen to be sexually mature in May, and
on examination the females were found to be purple, red,
green, grey, intermediate between grey and purple, and
intermediate between green and purple in colour, The males
were purple or grey in colour. ‘The females were more
abundant than the males, only 10 to 20 per cent. being of
the latter sex.

From the first locality at which examples were collected
and examined it is thus evident that the sex of the specimens
could not be identified by their colour.

On another occasion at Sea Point, the proportion of colours
was as follows:—Purple, 8; green, 6; grey, 4; red, 1;
intermediate between grey and purple, 1; intermediate
between grey and green, 1 ; intermediate between grey and
brown, 1.

In the rock-pools at St. James’s, in the vicinity of the
Marine Biological Station, of seventeen specimens examined
having a predominating red colour twelve were females and
five males. ‘The distribution of the colour of these specimens

192 ‘Dr. J. S. Thomson on the

was as follows :—The large spines were red for the greater
part of their length, but with a green base; the smaller spines
green, with reddish tips; the tube-feet reddish in colour ;
the test when deprived of spines and tube-feet grey. In
specimens possessing a predominant purple colour the large
spines were entirely purple, the smaller spines green with
purple tips.

On a second occasion at the same locality, of twenty-four
purple examples, the sexes were equally divided between
the specimens, and the ovaries were chrome-yellow in colour,
the testes lighter or darker. Of other specimens, the sex of
which was noted, a red and a pink vaviety were females, and
a pale mauve example was of the opposite sex.

Specimens from Kalk Bay, False Bay :—The specimens
showed the following varieties of colour: red, lilac, grey,
pink, pinkish green, greenish grey, intermediate between red
and purple. On July 15th a lilac and a bluish-red specimen
were mature, and the seminal fluid issuing from the genital
plates was clearly observed. In the bluish specimen the
testes were of «un orange colour. Of three grey specimens,
two were females and one male. ‘The ovary was pale orange
and the testis dark orange in colour. There is also a slight
difference of texture between the testes and ovary. Of four
lilac-coloured specimens three were males and one female.
One pinkish-green specimen was female and another greenish-
grey speciinen was of the same sex.

It is thus again evident that colour afforded no means for
the identification of the sex.

The opportunity was taken for noting the distribution of
colour on individual examples :—

Red specimen: large spines red above, green at base ;
small spines mainly green, with a slight tinge of red; tube-
feet a faint red, with alternate lighter and darker bands, and
becoming darker at the tips. Red specimen of a darker red,
affording some measure of transition to the purple forms ; the
large spines were mainly red on the upper part and green
towards their bases; the tube-feet were apparently lighter
than those of the last-mentioned specimen. In regard to the
colour of the tube-feet generally, it seems that there is no
great difference of colour, the apparent difference of colour
being mainly due to reflection from the spines.

Lilac specimen: the large spines were lilac for the greater
part of their length, becoming paler in colour near the base,
and with the basal swelling greenish in colour. The small
spines were lilac on their upper portions, greenish on their

Coloration of Echinus angulosus, A. Agass. 193

lower halves. The tube-feet were approximately the same
colour as those of the red specimens.

Grey specimen: the large spines were white or grey for
about two-thirds of their length and greenish in colour for
the lower one-third of their length. ‘The small spines were
for the greater part green, with a shorter white or grey
portion and a minute pink tip. The tube-feet were appa-
rently lighter than in the red or lilac specimens.

Pinkish-green specimen: the large spines were pink for
two-thirds of the way down, the basal third was green, the
basal swelling of the same colour. The small spines were
pink on the upper third and green on the lower two-thirds.

Pink specimen; the large spines were mainly pink, but
brownish at the tip and green at the base. The small spines
were green for the greater part of their length, but pink near
the tip.

Specimen intermediate between red and blue: the Jarge
spines were bluish in their upper portions, but quite red in
their lower portion, and with a green basal peduncle. The
small spines were blue in their upper portions, but green in
their lower parts. The tube-feet were very similar in colour
to those of the other specimens.

Greenish-grey specimen: the large spines were greenish
below, but grey in their upper parts; the small spines
greenish. Lilac specimen, the large spines were lilac on the
upper portion, pale lilac below, and green at the base. The
small spines were lilac in the upper and larger portion, green
in the lower portion.

In all specimens—blue, red, lilac, &c.—the spines seem to
be paler in colour round the mouth. The specimens fre-
quently had shells &c. attached to them.

From the foregoing notes on the coloration of this species
it is obvious that Hehinus angulosus cannot be regarded as a
sexually dimorphic form so far as its colour is concerned.

Extraneous coloration was illustrated in one specimen,
part of which was of a green colour. This was due to the
growth of a multicellular alga on one of the interambulacral
areas which was devoid of large spines from the madreporic
area to halfway down towards the mouth, The adjoining
ambulacral area, between the rows of tube-feet, was also
commencing to be infested by the attacks of the alga.

In the circumstances under which I worked in South
Africa I had no chemical or physiological appliances, and
thus am not in a position to make any very definite state-
ments regarding the nature of the pigments; but brief

194 Dr. J. S. Thomson on the

notes in regard to the solubility of the pigments may be
added. On adding fresh water to a mixture of the spines
and tube-feet of Lchinus angulosus, the following results
appeared almost immediately: — Green produced a_ pink
solution; grey, pink solution (very similar to that of the
perivisceral fluid) ; red, very slightly tinted pink solution ;
purple, slower appearance of a pink solution. The perivisceral
fluid is pink at first, but becomes darker on exposure. ‘The
following solutions were obtained after the spines and tube-
feet had been allowed to remain in the water for fourteen
days:—Green, yellowish-green solution; grey, similar to
that of green; red, slightly pink; purple, brownish to
purple; the solutions having a disagreeable odour.

liffect of reagents on the spines {apart from the tube-feet) :
solutions of the following colours were obtained :—

Ether: red spines, yellow solution; light pink, yellow ;
lilac, very faintly tinted solution.

Ammonium chloride: red spines, a pink solution at first,
which. becomes darker, and is after two days a reddish
brown.

Glycerine: red spines, a red solution quickly obtained ;
purple spines, a slightly tinted purple solution ; in the case
of the red spines the solutions became much intensified in
colour on longer solution, but this was only extremely
slightly the case with the purple.

Caustic potash: on red spines practically no result at first,
later a yellowish-red to red solution.

As a while, one may say that the colours of the spines
are very unstable and are slightly soluble in such reagents as
glycerine, ether, ammonium chloride, and perhaps caustic
potash.

In regard to the meaning of the coloration of the Echino-
derma there may be great diversity of opinion. The custom
of propounding ingenious explanations as to the meaning of
colour from the utilitarian standpoint is too prevalent. In
regard to the species Lchinus angidosus, one explanation of
the colour must be at once excluded— namely, sexual coloration.
Among marine animals we find a number of cases of specific
variation in colour which can be explained in part along the
lines of protective coloration; thus, P/anes minutus among
the Brachyura shows at least five variations of colour, all of
which are in harmony with the tints of the Sargasso weed.
I am unable to apply the principle of protective coloration to
the case of Hchinus angulosus. It is true that the red variety
is sometimes found at depths at which in ordinary circum-
stances it may, from the diving experiments of Fol at Nice,

Coloration of Kchinus angulosus, A. Agass. 195

appear black; but this does not hold true for the other
varieties of colour, the blue and green &c. The various
colours of Kehinus angulosus as seen in the rock-pools are
very conspicuous and show no similarity to their surroundings.
In a number of cases the tests of the species are sometimes
hidden by empty shells, stones, &c., and these, as held by
Simroth for Zowopneustes lividus, may be a source of protec-
tion against the force of the waves on an exposed beach, and
also assist in collecting organic particles.

The application of the theory of * warning’’ coloration to
the case of Hehinus angulosus is also well-nigh untenable.
There is so much variety of colour in a group of this species
that one could not say that any definite colour was a
‘“warning’’ colour. It is true that the species is a more or
less gregarious one, and that a preying fish might easily
locate the colony ; but the greys to some extent neutralize
the blues, &c., and the effect of a colony all members of
which were one definite colour would, from this point of
view, be more efficacious as a “ warning” mark. Ihave
already pointed out that the gonads of this species are used
as food by man, and I noted that the species occasionally
fall as prey to fishes with sufficiently powerful jaws, such as
the white stumpnose, the panga, and the daggerad. Agassiz
has also pointed out that the two more common species of
sea-urchins of New England are greatly eaten by the cod
and the haddock. M/‘Intosh bas shown that the green-pea
urchin is frequently eaten by the haddock. It is of interest
that the brightly coloured Strongylocentrotus lividus (in its
colour somewhat similar to the purple or blue forms of
Ef. angulosus) is eaten by cod and haddock, as pointed out by
Nordgaard. Semon has also shown that Echinoderma °
sometimes serve as food for mollusea, which dissolve the
calcium salts by the secretion of sulphuric acid. Saville
Kent has directed attention to the fact that HEchini are food
for Cestracion. Fourtau has shown that they may be eaten
by crabs ; Herdman, Johnstone, and Scott have alluded to
Kchinoids in the stomachs of flat-fish. Apart from these
facts, the Echinoids must have their great mortality period
during their larval stages; for example, it has been pointed
out by Gardiner that the ova and larve of Echinoderms are
food for corals, such as Huphyllia. The adult forms are
well protected from enemies by their long spines, their
poisonous pedicellariz, and their disagreeable smell.

It is also impossible to hold that the colours of EF. angu-
losus are cases of “aggressive”? resemblance. The food of
Echinoids, as pointed out by Allen, mainly consists of fine

196 Dr. J. S. Thomson on the

sand and silt, red and brown seaweeds, annelids, lamelli-
branchs (such as oysters, barnacles, polyzoa, ostracods,
small alg, and hydroids), and it is impossible to believe that
in any of those cases aggressive resemblance would be of
any advantage.

It occurred to me that it was possible that the blue and
grey specimens might be located in the higher reaches of the
shore and the red on the lower parts, but I found nothing to
support this supposition. One may, however, safely say
that on the shore the purple and grey specimens predominate
in number over the red; thus out of 341 specimens of
Eehinus angulosus, observed between high- and low-water
marks, 168 specimens were purple, 131 were grey, and 41
red. According to Nutting and others blue is a colour which
is very rarely present in deep-sea animals.

I have nothing in support of the surmise that the variable
colour of this species may be partly due to the changing
conditions of environment which are usually associated with
the sea-shore, for specimens from 20-30 fathoms also show a
similar variation in colour. At that depth, as on the sea-
shore, the purples (so far as my observations went) predomi-
nated in number over the red varieties.

It is much more probable that the variable colour of
Echinus angulosus is due to internal physiological processes

of the individuals themselves, and it is possible may have
some relation to the intensity of light, as held by Doflein for
the Decapod Crustacea. According to Doflein feeble light is
sufficient for the formation of red pigment, and under the
influence of light and still unknown internal processes red
may be transformed into yellow or blue pigment, the latter
being temporary, visible only when produced in large
quantities, but under other conditions is destroyed as soon as
formed—in species living in intense sunlight the formation
of blue pigment exceeds its destruction.

The colours of EH. angulosus probably have no adaptive
significance—in other words, so far as its colour-characters
are concerned, these have been evolved apart from the in-
fluence of natural selection.

In Echinoderma the probability is that the pigments of
the test and spines are derivatives of “ enterochlorophyll,”
the pigment which occurs in the perivisceral fluid and which
by some is held to be a respiratory pigment on account of
the changes in colour which it undergoes on exposure to the
air, and which we have seen in some cases resembles the
colour of the spines. Durham has shown that in Hchino-
derma pigment occurs in wandering cells which may leave

Coloration of Echinus angulosus, A. Agass. 197

the body at any point and give rise to temporary pigmenta-
tion. He regards the colouring-matters as either waste-
products or effete respiratory pigments which, when cast out
from the wandering cells or leucocytes, produce a coloration
of the skin. List holds that “protein crystalloids in the
nuclei of the wandering cells of Kchinoids probably become
pigment granules.”

It may be interesting to compare LEchinus angulosus with
an equally bright-coloured form of northern seas, namely
Strongylocentrotus lividus, the long spines of which vary “ in
colour from olive to violet purplish or even yellowish tint,
tipped with yellow and all intermediate shades.” Camerano
showed that there are no constant differences in colour which
would differentiate sex, and Bordas has pointed out that the
ovaries of this species are palatable. Now, according to
M‘Intosh, the colours of Strongylocentrotus are not protective,
and, indeed, it would be difficult for one to regard the colours
as either “‘ protective” or ‘“‘ warning,” as this form, according
to Agassiz and Caillard, sometimes conceals itself by digging
out cavities in the solid rock, even in such as granite.
MacMunn has shown by means of the spectroscope the
presence of a respiratory pigment (‘ echinochrome’’) in
Strongylocentrotus lividus, and this is probably also found in
the leucocytes, but it has not yet been clearly shown what
exact relation this pigment bears to the integumentary
coloration.

In the opinion of the writer it is not necessary, even to a
firm believer in the principle of ‘* Natural Selection,” that
one should find in every case an adaptive explanation of the
colour of a species. It is not essential to hold that every
characteristic, colour or otherwise, which an animal possesses
is adaptive.

The coloration of Echinus angulosus is not sexually
dimorphic, and it cannot be grouped under the headings
“protective” resemblance, “aggressive” coloration, “ warn-
ing” indication, except by excessive exercise of imagi-
nation and ingenuity, The meaning of the coloration of
EE. angulosus is to be sought for in the internal physiological
processes (probably respiratory or excretory) of the animals
themselves, The variable tegumentary colouring of EL. angu-
losus is probably due to by-products or waste-products
produced during the metabolic processes.

Iappend a list of the synonyms and distribution of Echinus
angulosus quoted from Agassiz :—

Cidaris miliaris angulosa!, Klein, 1734, Nat, Disp. Ech. pl. iii. figs. A, B,

198 On the Coloration of Kchinus angulosus.

Cidaris angulosa, Leske, 1778, K). Add. pl. iii. figs. A, B (copied in
Ene. Méth, pl. exxxiii. figs. 5, 6). :

Cidaris gualtert, 1742, Index Test. pl. eviii. fig, A (copied in Ene.
Méth. pl. exeviii.).

Cidaris, Seba, 1758, Thes. iii. pl. x. fig. 20.

Cidaris, Knorr, 1771, Délic. pl. D, figs. 4, 5.

Cidaris, Audouin, in Savigny, Egypte, pl. vii. fig. 2.

Echinus subangulosus !, Lamk. 1816, An. s. Vert. p. 48 (non Blainv.).

Echinus subangulosus, Desml, 1837, Syn. p. 270. Cape of Good Hope.

Psammechinus subangulosus!, Agass. 1846, C. R. Ann. Sc. Nat. vi.

. 368.

Pennies Duj. Hupé, 1862, Echin. p. 527.

Psammechinus verruculatus, Lutk. 1864, Bid. p. 166.

Echinus minimus |, Blainville, 1825, Dict. Se. Nat. O. p. 80. Cape of
Good Hope.

Echinus minimus, Desinl. 1837, Syn. p. 274.

Echinus minutus!, Blainy. 1834, Actin. p. 227,

Mortensen has, however, proposed to establish a new
genus, which he terms Parechinus, for Hehinus milaris,
EE. microtuberculatus, and [. angulosus, chiefly on account of
the globiferous pedicellariz.

Localities. Cape of Good Hope (Wahlenberg); Simon’s
Bay (W. Stimpson) ; Cape Town (Layard); Nikobar (Mus.
Vienna) ; Butu (Bonn Museum) ; Mauritius (Stockholm) ;
Mozambique (Bianconz) ; New Zealand (Hdwards) ; Adelaide,
east coast Australia (Brit. Mus.) ; Red Sea (Hemp. u. Ehreb.,
Mus. Berl.) ; Suez (J. d. P.) ; Philippine Islands (Semper).

This species is thus distributed in widely separated
localities, and I also had the opportunity of verifying its
occurrence at numerous places on the South-African coast,
being there the commonest species of Kchinoid.

References.

Agassiz, A.—“ Revision of the Echini.” Illustrated Catalogue of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, no. vii.
Cambridge, U.S.A., 1872-74.

BatEson, W.— Materials for the Study of Variation.’ London, 1884.

Bepparp, F. .—‘ Animal Coloration. An Account of the principal
Facts and Theories relating to the Colours and Markings of
Animals. London, 1892.

Betty, F. J.—‘‘ The Echinoderma found off the Coast of South A frica.—
Part I. Echinoidea.”’ Marine Investigations in South Africa,
vol. ii, Cape Town, 1904.

CaMERANO, L.—“Osservazioni intorno al dimorfismo sessuali degli
Echinodermi.” Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, v. no. 91.

DoF.eIn, F.—“ Lebensgewohnheiten und Anpassungen bei Decapoden
Krebsen.” Festschrift fiir Richard Hertwig, Bd. iii. Jena, 1910.

Duruam, H. E.—* On Wandering Cells in Echinoderms &c., more espe-
cially with regard to Excretory Functions.” Quart. Journ.
Micros. Se. vol. xxxili, (1891).

On Diptera Nematocera from Ceylon. 199
Hickson, S. J.—‘A Naturalist in North Celebes,’ Murray: London,
1889

List, TH.—“ Ueber die Entwickelung von Protein krystalloiden in den
Kernen der Wanderzellen bei Echiniden.” Anat. Anz. xiv.
pp. 185-191,

M‘Inrosu, W. C.—* The Coloration of Marine Animals.” Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. vii. 1901, pp. 221-240.

MacMounvy, C. A.—* Contributions to Animal Chromatology,—Echino-
derms.” Quart. Journ. Micros, Se. xxx. (1889). bid. Journ.
Mar. Biol. Assoc. n. s.,i. March 1899.

Meissner, M.— Ueber die von Herrn Marine-Stabsarzt Dr. Sander
heimgebrachten Seeigel.” Sitzber, Gesell. naturf. Berlin, Noy.
1892, pp. 183-185.

MortTEnsEN, TH.—“ Echinoidea.” The Danish ‘ Ingolf’ Expedition,
vol. iv. pt. i. Copenhagen, 1903.

Newsier1y, Marton I.—‘ Colour in Nature: a Study in Biology.’ 8yo,

xii+344 pp. London: Murray, 1898.

SrmrotH, H.—*“ Zur Kenntniss der Azorenfauna.—Echinodermata.”
Arch. f. Natur. Bd. i, Heft 3 (1888), pp. 231-254 (published April
1889). Berlin.

XXI.—WNew and little-known Diptera Nematocera from
Ceylon. By F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A SMALL collection of Diptera Nematocera recently made by
Mr. J. C. F. Fryer in Ceylon contains a number of interesting
forms which it seems desirable to place on record: several
appear to be new to science, while others, previously known
from other regions, have not till now been recorded from
Ceylon. The types of the new species have been generously
presented to the National Collection by Mr. Fryer. In
addition to the species referred to in more detail below, the
collection contains the following :—Setara rufithorax, Wulp ;
Leiomyia arcuata (Brun.); Allactoneura cincta, Meij. ;
Plecia fulvicollis, F.; Phlebotomus maculatus, Ann.; Psy-
choda albopicta, Brun. ; Ochlerotatus pallidostriatus (Theo.) ;
Wyeomyta greenit, Theo,; Pselliophora taprobanes (Walk.) ;
Tipula ochripes, Brun.; Pachyrhina pleurinotata, Brun.;
Pachyrhina? javensis, Dol.; Libnotes peciloptera, O.-S. ;
Teucholabis fenestrata, O.-S.; Teucholabis (Gymnastes) cyanea,
Edw. ; Conosia trrorata, Wied.; Lriocera crystalloptera,
O.-S.; H. tuberculifera, Edw.; E. ctenophoroides, Kdw.;
EL. albonotata, Lw.

200 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

Mycetophilide.

1, Macrocera fryeri, sp. n.

Length of body 3-4 mm., of antenna 12-16 mm.

6. Brownish yellow; wings not hairy, with dark
markings.

Head yellowish, more brownish on the vertex ; antennze
with the first three joints yellowish, the remainder dark
brown ; palpi brownish. Thoraz yellowish brown; a dark
brown vertical stripe on the pleure, extending on to the sides
of the mesonotum, situated between the first two pairs of
legs. Abdomen brownish yellow, the middle segments
indistinctly darker at the base. Legs yellowish brown, the
tarsi somewhat darker, Wangs bare ; apical third occupied
by a large dark brown patch, the anterior edge of which is
rather irregular and has a large angular projection on Ou, ;
another brown patch towards the costa near the middle of the
wing, filling the greater portion of the cell R,; a small one
near costa, more towards the base, including origin of Rs, and
a brown spot in the cell Cu, a little way from the base; Se
reaching costa opposite origin of Rs. Halteres yellowish,
knobs dark.

Peradeniya, 1x. 1911; 4 ¢. .

The strongly darkened apical third of the wing plainly
marks this species off from the seven described by Brunetti
from the Orient.

Macrocera fryeri, sp.n, Wing, X 13.

2. Letomyia maculicoza (Enderlein).
Leia maculicora, End. Trans. Linn. Soe., Zool. xiv. p. 69 (1910).
Rhymosia fascipes, Brun. Fauna Brit. Ind. p. 106 (1912),
Peradeniya, x. 1912; 1 ¢. ;
There is no doubt as to the above synonymy, since the
genitalia of the Ceylon and Seychelles specimens appea-

Diptera Nematocera from Ceylon. 201

identical and the coloration is practically the same, the only
difference being that the Seychelles specimens have a more or
less distinct dark fascia near the apex of the wing, which in
the Ceylon specimens is so faint as to be practically absent.
The lateral ocelli are absolutely contiguous with the eye-
margins and the subcosta is very faint in its apical portion,
not distinctly reaching the costa. These two peculiarities no
doubt led Brunetti to place the species in Rhymosia, but the
general appearance and (apart from the evanescent subcosta)
the venation are those of a typical Letomyia. Precisely the
same peculiarities are exhibited by Leta seychellensis, End.,
and by some undescribed African species which I have
examined. Brunetti’s Rhymosta annultcornis and R. hume-
ralis are doubtless also species of Leiomyia. Leiomyza,
Rond. (emended form of Lejomya, Rond.), is the name which
should be used for Glaphyroptera, Winn. Leia, Mg., is
wrongly applied to it. Since Winnertz was the first person
to divide Meigen’s Leta, by the rules of the Zoological
Congress his interpretation must be followed. Curtis desig-
nated a type of Leta which Winnertz did not accept, and
Rondani renamed the genus, thinking the original name was
preoceupied ; but these facts are altogether irrelevant.

Chironomide.

3. Ceratopogon (s. str.) jacobsont, Meij. Tijd. v. Ent.1. p. 212
(1907).

Peradeniya, i. 1912. ‘‘ Attracted by alcohol.” 7 ?.

In all but one of these specimens the postnotum is
blackish; in the remaining one, as (presumably) in the
Javanese specimens, it is yellowish. ‘The posterior branch of
the cubitus (Cug) is oblique outwardly, not inwardly as in
de Meijere’s figure. Nevertheless, I have little doubt that
C. jacobsoni is the species before me.

4. Ceratopogon (s. str.) hirtipes, Meij. Tijd. v. Ent. 1. p. 209
(1907).

Peradeniga gli xia 911, 4s 15, L912, L.9..., §175 xb
1911. Two larvee of Papilio clytia found in gardens ; each
was being attacked (sucked) by a small fly, apparently a
Ceratopogon?—J. C. F. Fryer.”

The dark ring on the hind femora reaches almost to the
tip, leaving only the extreme knee-tip bare. In this species,
as in the preceding, the eyes of the female are contiguous,
Both species have till now been recorded only from Java,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 14

202 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

5. Macropeza javanensis, Kieff. Mem. Ind. Mus. ii. p. 210
(1910).
Macropeza gibbosa, Meij. (nec Wied.) Tijd. v. Ent. 1. (1907).

Peradeniya, ii. 1912; 1 9.

This species is very much like the following ; it differs in
the dull brownish-black (not shining black) thorax, which is
only very slightly produced forwards and does not end in a
sharp point ; also in the yellow (instead of black) femora
and tibia. By the last-named character it also differs from
M. albitarsis, Mg.

6. Macropeza gibbosa, Wied. Analecta Ent. p. 10 (1824).
Calyptopogon albitarsis, Kieff. Mem. Ind. Mus. ii. p. 209 (1910).

Peradeniya, x. 1911-11. 1912; 4 9.

Wiedemann’s brief description of J. gibbosa notes all the
more salient features of Kieffer’s C. albitarsis, and the two
names may be safely considered to apply to the same species.
The genera Macropeza and Calyptopogon are so similar that
the propriety of their separation seems open to question.

Tipulide.
7. Tipula gracillima, Brun. Fauna Brit. Ind. p. 302 (1912).

Peradeniya, vi. 1912; 1 ¢.
Brunetti has apparently overlooked the fact that the white
rings on the femora are present on the two anterior pairs only.

8. Pselliophora? elongata, sp. u.

9. Length of body 34 mm., of wing 23 mm.

Brown; wings clouded; abdomen with whitish lateral
spots.

Head daxk reddish brown, palpi and antennze blackish
brown towards the apex. Antenne 13-jointed, a little shorter
than the thorax, sparsely hairy; second joint extremely
short, flagellar joints about equal in length, the first six each
with two prominent rounded lobes on the underside, becoming
less marked in the apical joints. Zhoraw dark brown; meso-
notum in front of the suture with four lighter reddish-brown
stripes, the two middle ones closely approximated and
reaching the front margin, the lateral ones only about half as
long ; behind the suture on each side are two reddish-brown
spots ; scutellum almost round, reddish brown ; postnotum
reddish brown in the middle, dark brown at the sides;

Diptera Nematocera from Ceylon. 203

pleurze with some small pale patches. Abdomen long and
tapering, dark brown, the first four or five segments with
ill-defined reddish-brown patches above, while the first seven
segments have almost triangular creamy-white lateral spots,
situated at the base of each segment, except those on the
second segment, which are placed near the middle. Ovi-
positor dark brown. Legs short and stout, dark brownish,
the whole tarsi not much longer than the tibiae. Wings very
broad (7°5 mm.), strongly infuscated, the veins narrowly
bordered with blackish; costal cell yellowish brown; light
patches as follows : (1) in the upper basal cell (R) just before
origin of Rs; (2) a larger patch in marginal and upper basal
cells (R, and R) a little beyond origin of. Rs; (3) a large
patch just beyond the stigma, extending from costa across
cells Ry, Rs, and Ry,5; (4) a large but ill-defined patch
towards the apices of cells M and Cu; (5) a patch near base
of cells Cuand An. Ha/teres yellowish.

Hakgala, 4500 feet, v. 1911; 1 9.

The generic position of this remarkable insect is somewhat
doubtful. In its more sober colouring and in its long
tapering abdomen it differs conspicuously from the known
species of Pselliophora, but, as from the structure of the
thorax and legs it evidently belongs to the Ctenophora group,
and as the restricted genus Ctenophora is not definitely
known to occur in the Orient, I have placed it provisionally
in Pselliophora.

9. Libnotes thwattesiana, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 505
(1876).
Libnotes rufa, Meij. Tijd. v. Ent. liv. p, 39 (1911).

Peradeniya, x. and xi. 1911; 2 9.

Westwood described the head as being black, but this
doubtless referred to the eyes, which are in striking contrast
with the red-brown body. L. rufa was described from a
small specimen ; all the species of this genus seem to vary
greatly in size. Westwood’s type was from Ceylon.

10. Styringomyia ceylonica, Brun. (nec Edw.) Fauna Brit.
Ind. p. 461 (1912).
Peradeniya, xii. 1911; 1 g,1 9.
The male hypopygium figured by Brunetti is quite different
from that of S. ceylonica, Edw., and resembles that of
S. didyma, Grimshaw (Bruneiti’s figure represents a ventral,

not a dorsal view). I hope to issue a revision of the genus
14*

204 On Diptera Nematocera from Ceylon.

Styringomyta shortly, and so defer consideration of Brunetti’s
species until then.

11. Trentepohlia speiseri, sp. n.

Mongoma exornata, Speiser (nec Bergr.), Berl. ent. Zeit. lii, p. 135
(1907).

Length of body 5 mm.

3 ¢. Head, including antenne and palpi, dark brownish.
Thorax dark reddish brown. Abdomen blackish brown.
Legs light yellowish, the tips of the tarsi a little darker.
Front and middle femora with about eight short bristles near
the base beneath. Wings with a brown apex, much darker
towards the costa, but leaving a small clear space in the cell
R, (first submarginal) ; a large brown patch in the middle
of the wing, extending one-third of the way across and in
breadth reaching from the base of Rs to the apex of Sc;
cross-veins and veins R4y,; and Cu dark-margined. Cu,
joining M slightly ( ¢ ) or considerably (¢) before its fork ;
Cu, joining An near its tip. Halteres yellowish.

Peradeniya, 11.1912; 1 ¢ (type; wing figured). I have
also seen the species from the following African localities :—
Entebbe, Uganda (Capt. H. D. W. Greig, I.M.8.), 1 33
Stanleyville, Belgian Congo, 1. ix. 1904, 1 2 ; Bo, Sierra
Leone (Dr. H. E. Arbuckle, W.A.M.S.), 1 2 ; Gold Coast
(Willoughby P. Lowe), 2 ¢. The African specimens are
rather larger and have the tips of the femora slightly
darkened.

This species closely resembles 7’. evornata, Bergr., but the
presence of a well-marked brown patch in the middle of the
costa seems to indicate that it is really distinct.

Trentepohiva spersert, sp.n. Wing, x 18.

12. Epiphragma kempi, Brun. Rec. Ind. Mus, viii. p. 155
(1913).
Hakgala, 4500 feet, v. 1911; 1 @.
The wing-markings of this specimen do not quite agree
with Brunetti’s figure, but it is certainly only a variation
of his species, and may be conspecific with Z. signata, Meij.

On new Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 205

XXIIT.—On new Mammals obtained by the Utakwa Expe-
dition to Dutch New Guinea. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum owes to the organisers of Dr. A. F. R.
Wollaston’s recent expedition, w@ the Utakwa River, to the
snow mountains of the Charles Louis Range, Dutch New
Guinea, the considerable series of mammals obtained during
the expedition. Mr. C. B. Kloss, already so well known as
a mammal collector in the Malay Peninsula and islands, was
in charge of the collecting werk and it was hoped that a
really large series of different forms would have been obtained.
But the difficulties in the way of collecting, especially the
entire unsuitability of the natives to give any help, prevented
any number of the interesting arboreal forms being obtained,
amongst which novelties are most to be looked for. On the
other hand, thanks to the industry of Mr. Kloss and his
Dyak trappers, a very good series of terrestrial species was
obtained, notably a particularly good set of the genus
Uromys, which is represented by no less than six species,
three of them being new. In all, the collection consists of
about 150 specimens, which form a very valuable and
acceptable addition to the British Museum’s material from
that still little-known island New Guinea.

Lipposideros wollastoni, sp. n.

Near H. muscinus, but with a doubled posterior nose-leaf
and more inflated muzzle to the skull.

General external characters approximately as in muscinus,
with the one important exception that the posterior nose-leaf
has behind it a peculiar duplication developed to an extent
unlike anything hitherto known in the genus. This dupli-
cation consists of a transverse crest growing out at the back
of and parallel with the main crest, the groove between the
main and supplementary crests being subdivided into three
cells by two longitudinal connecting-bands. In H. muscinus
there are merely some inconspicuous warts or convexities in
the position of the complicated and definite structure now
described. Its nearest analogue is found in the African
H. caffer, where there is a less developed supplementary
crest, but no trace of the longitudinal connecting-bands.,
Ears of the comparatively broad shape distinguishing #.
muscinus from the allied Australian species H. semoni and
stenotis.

206 Mr. O. Thomas on new

Skull markedly smaller than that of H. musctnus in all
dimensions, except that, owing to the proportionally smaller
size of the brain-case, the area occupied by the inflated
frontals is of equal extent. Frontal inflation much more
developed, high, convex, rounded, so as to form behind it a
deep concavity in the frontal profile. Supraorbital ridges
behind the inflation much less sharply developed. Teeth
smaller throughout. Small upper premolar well developed.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-
men) :—

Forearm 44 mm. 1.

Head and body 45; tail 27; ear 15x13; third finger,
metacarpus 31, first phalanx 13°5 ; lower leg and hind foot
21s

Skull: length to front of canines 17:3; zygomatic breadth
9:5; mastoid breadth 8:1; front of canine to back of m°
6°7.

Hab. Utakwa River, S.W. New Guinea.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.6.18.4. Collected
January 1912.

This species, so like H. muscinus in other respects, is at
once distinguished by the remarkable duplication of the
posterior nose-leaf.

The following new Hipposideros may also be conveniently
described here :—

Hipposideros stenotis, sp. n.

Allied to H. semoni, Matsch., but smaller, and with con-
spicuously smaller skull and teeth.

External characters very much as in 7. semont, the mesial
wart on the sella similarly elongate and the ears equally, or
perhaps even more, remarkably narrowed and_ pointed,
Posterior nose-leaf with its convexity behind not developed
into a supplementary leaf. Tail with its two terminal
vertebree absent or aborted in the type, but this may be
accidental or pathological.

Skull much smaller in all dimensions than in semonz, the
frontal prominences less developed. Teeth even more
reduced in proportion than the skull, the molars only about
half the bulk of those of semont. Small upper premolar
absent in the type, as it is in the type of semonz, but this is
eVidently an inconstant character, as the tooth is present in
the two Museum specimens of semoni.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-
men) :—

Forearm 43°5 mm.

Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 207

Head and body 45; ear 18x10; third finger, metacarpal
32, first phalanx 16; lower leg and foot 28°5.

Skull: length to front of canines 17; zygomatic breadth
9-1; mastoid breadth 7°8 ; front of canine to back of m?® 5:8.

Hab. Northern Territory of 8. Australia. Type from
Mary River.

Lype. Adult female. B.M. no. 97.4.12.7. Collected by
Dr. Knut Dahl. Received in exchange from the Christiania
Museum.

Stenomys klossiz, sp. n.

A mountain-rat allied to S. niobe.

Externally quite similar to S. néobe, the colour and length
of fur quite as in that species. Teet in some specimens with
whitish digits, in others wholly brown.

Skull longer than in nzobe, with more inflated brain-case
and longer narrower muzzle. Interorbital region broader
than in niobe, its edges with rudimentary ridges, not quite
smooth. Anteorbital plate very narrow, decidedly narrower
than in the smaller skull of nzobe, its front edge strongly
slanted. Palatal foramina rather longer, their hinder end
not so distant from the molars.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :-—

Head and body 123 mm.; tail 130; hind foot 27;
ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 34:3 ; condylo-incisive length 31 ;
zygomatic breadth 15°8; nasals 12°6 ; interorbital breadth 6;
breadth of brain-case 14°6; palatilar length 15; palatal
foramina 5°2; upper molar series 5:6.

Hab. Upper Utakwa River, southern slope of Charles
Louis Mountains, Dutch New Guinea. Type from
“ Camp 9,” alt. 5500’. Other specimens from “ Camp 11,”
8000’. Seven specimens.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13.6.18.83. Original
number 91. Collected Ist February, 1913, by C. B. Kloss.

I have named this interesting mountain-rat in honour of
Mr. C. B. Kloss, who had charge of the mammal-collecting
during the Utakwa Expedition. The species was the only
mammal obtained at the higher collecting-stations.

Uromys.

Of the large rats of the Uromys macropus group the
Utakwa Expedition obtained examples of two species, from
low country and 2500! respectively.

208 Mr. O. Thomas on new

These appear to be both unnamed, and may be described as
follows :—

Uromys nero, sp. 0.

Size very large, though less than in the giant U. anak and
rothschildi. Fur harsh and thick, the under surface more
completely hairy than in the next species. General colour
above very dark, coarsely grizzled bistre, the median dorsal
area blackish, markedly darker than the sides. Sides of
cheeks and shoulders grey. Under surface pure white,
sharply defined laterally ; inner sides of limbs prominently
white. Hands and feet pale brown above. ‘Tail practically
quite naked, a few isolated hairs, less than a scale in length,
perceptible with the help of a lens; its terminal third to
one-half prominently yellow all round, while the base also
is more or less yellow below, the usual black being thus
restricted to the upper side of the basal portion.

Skull very large and powerfully built, larger and heavier
in proportion to the size of the animal and the length of the
feet than in any other species ; its shape normal, the forehead
not specially convex. Interorbital region smooth, faintly
concave, its edges sharp, but without distinct beading.
Posterior narial opening much broader than in the next
species.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 279 mm.; tail 232; hind foot 56;
ear 30.

Skull: greatest length 68°3 ; condylo-incisive length 63:7 ;
zygomatic breadth 38679 ; nasals 25x85; interorbital
breadth 11; breadth of brain-case 25°5; palatilar length 36 ;
palatal foramina 8'2; width of mesopterygoid fossa 6:5 ;
upper molar series (crowns) 12°2.

Hab. Utakwa River, at middle altitudes, type from
“Camp 38.” 2500’.

Type. Old female with worn teeth. B.M. no. 13. 6.18. 13.
Original number 67. Collected 15th December, 1912, by
CG. B. Kloss. Two adult and three young specimens
examined.

This fine species differs from all hitherto-described forms
allied to it by its dark coloration, the result of the saturate
conditions in which it lives. While smaller in all respects
than the giant black-tailed species U. anak and rothschildt,
it is larger, so far as regards skull, than any of the other
yellow-tailed forms.

From its lowland neighbour U. scaphax it differs by its

Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 209

larger size, more yellow tail, whiter underside, and normal-
shaped skull with unbowed forehead and broad posterior
nares.

Uromys scaphax, sp. n.

Related to U. aruensis, Gray, but coloration not rufous.

Size large, though less than in U. nero. Fur harsh,
under surface thinly haired. General colour above dark
grizzled greyish, with a slight fulvous tinge; dorsal area
slightly darker than rest, but not distinctly blackish as in
U. nero. Under surface and inner sides of limbs white,
but owing to the sparseness of the fur the skin shows through
to a great extent, the practically naked condition of the inner
sides of the limbs being especially noticeable. Hands and
feet pale brown. ‘T'ail more completely black than in most
species of this section, the yellow confined to the tip and in
one case reduced there to a mere spot half an inch long.

Skull. strikingly lke that of U. aruensis, of similar size
and with the same high, bowed, and convex forehead and
broad interorbital space. Opening of posterior nares markedly
narrower than in U, nero.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 277 mm.; tail 235; hind foot 52;
ear 26.

Skull: greatest length 62°5; condylo-incisive length 57°4 ;
zygomatic breadth 32:2; nasals 21°5x6:4; _ interorbital
breadth 11:8; breadth of brain-case 22; palatilar length
31:2; palatal foramina 6°6; width of mesopterygoid fossa 5 ;
upper molar series (crowns) 10°5.

Hab, Utakwa area at low levels. Type from Canoe Camp,
Lower Setakwa River, alt. 150’. Other specimens from
Launch Camp, 20’. Also received from the Mimika River ;
collected by G. C. Shortridge.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.6.18.8. Original
number 206. Collected 25th October, 1912, by C. B. Kloss.
Four specimens.

This species is evidently nearly allied to the Aru Island
species, U. aruensis, the skulls of the two forms being
practically identical; but it has the more normal colouring
of the Papuan species (being intermediate in this respect
between U. nero and U. validus), instead of the rich rufous
of the island-rat.

With regard to Dr. Jentink’s “ Pogonomys multiplicatus,”
from the Sentani Lake, on the northern side of New Guinea,

210 Mr. O. Thomas on new

which may possibly be one or other of the species now
described, I regret that no exact determination of it seems to
be possible. It was based on a young specimen with the
third molar barely erupted, so that, even with topotypes, it
will probably always be difficult to be certain of its identifi-
cation, since several species may occur in near neighbourhood
to one another. All the species of this group have the
multiplicate character of the palate, which seems to have been
the chief reason for Dr. Jéntink’s venturing to describe so
young a specimen.

Of the smaller forms of Uromys the Expedition obtained
55 specimens, apparently referable to four different species,
as follows :—

1. Size rather small. Tail wholly black. elly-hairs white to their
bases: sth. Mtn ae Bae be Meee ben ee nee U. stalkert calidior, Thos.
At Launch and Canoe Camps, Setakwa River. Sea-level to 150 ft.

2. Size larger. Tail conspicuously bicolor. Belly-hairs mouse-grey
HL MESO. bse sey ap eee beam pte Cee U. lorentzi, Jent.

At same camps as No. 1.

Closely related to U. levipes, Thos.

3. Size smaller. Tail partially and indistinctly bicolor, with dull
yellowish markings on its under side. Belly hairs slaty basally.
U. platyops, Thos.
At Camp No. 3 above the Utakwa River. Alt. 2500’. -
4, Size fairly large. Tail as in No.3. Fur long, soft, and woolly.
Under surface dull buffy, with long slaty-grey bases. -
U. mollis, sp. n.
At Camps Nos. 6c and 9, Upper Utakwa River. Both at altitude
5500 ft.

In addition, there should apparently occur a species like
No. 1, but larger, which was described from the Noord River
as Pogonomys leucogaster by Jentink. This is evidently
closely allied to Peters’s U. brudjnii from Salawatti.

Uromys mollis, sp. n.

Size rather less than in U. lorentzi. General characters
very much as in No. 3 above, but the fur longer, softer, and
woollier, the colour all over duller and more “‘ saturate,” that
of the belly less sharply defined laterally, more suffused with
buffy, and with the slaty bases much longer. [eet dull
buffy.

Skull with a more rounded convex brain-case than in other
species. Interorhital region broad, little ridged.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 161 mm.; tail 140; hind foot 34;

ear 21.

Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 211

Skull: greatest length 39°5 ; condylo-incisive length 36:2 ;
zygomatic breadth 18:5; nasals 13°8 ; interorbital breadth
71; breadth of brain-case 15°7; palatilar length 18°5;
palatal foramina 59; upper molar series 8,

Hab. Southern slope of Mt. Carstenz, Charles Louis Mts.,
Dutch New Guinea, on Upper Utakwa River. Type from
“ Camp Padang, 6 ¢.” Altitude 5500'. Four specimens.

Type. Adult male, B.M. no. 13.6.18.35. Original
number 231. Collected 17th February, 1913, by C. B.
Kloss.

This is a soft-furred highland form, apparently most
related to No. 3 of the lower country, though the different
shape of the skull shows that it is not a mere local repre-
sentative of that species.

Phascogale murex aspera, subsp. n.

Nearly allied to the true Ph. murexr, Thos., but with
shorter skull and heavier teeth.

External appearance almost exactly as in murex, except
that the limbs are of the same brown colour as the body,
instead of being a little greyer, and the light ends to the
hairs of the underside are more or less buffy instead of being
white ; the light colour of the underside is also more diffused
and less sharply defined from the brown colour of the flanks.
Fur of exactly the same crisp character as in Ph. murex.

Skull comparatively low, with shorter broader muzzle
and broader interorbital region than in the typical form.
As indicating the shortness of the muzzle it may be noted
that the space occupied by the premolariform teeth (6°2 mm.)
is shorter than in murea (7°6 mm.), while that occupied by
the molariform teeth (10°3 mm. as against 9°0 mm.) is
longer. Molariform teeth much larger and heavier through-
out. LDremolars evenly increasing in size backwards.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 169 mm.; tail 180; hind foot 33;
ear 21.

Skull: condylo-basal length 43; zygomatic breadth 22°7 ;
nasals 16X5°3; intertempoial breadth 8:7; mastoid breadth
16°6 ; palatal length 24-4; breadth between outer corners
of m* 14:2 ; combined length of three anterior molariform
teeth 8°9.

Hab. Utakwa River (“Camp No. 3”). Alt. 2500’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.6.18.90. Original
number 40, Collected 1st December, 1912, by C. B. Kloss.

This Phascogale is practically identical externally with the

212 Mr. O. Thomas on some

true Ph. murex of German New Guinea, but is distinguished
by its shorter muzzle and larger teeth.

The Expedition also obtained a second example of Phasco-
gale melanura modesta, Thos., previously only known from
the type.

XXIV.—Some new Species of Uromys.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

BESIDES the two species of Uromys above described from
the Utakwa River, Dutch New Guinea, there appears to be
evidence of at least four species belonging to the group of
the large Papuan Uromys which have the terminal half of
the tail yellow.

The first of these is U. barbatus (Aldus barbatus, M.-Edw.),
from the Aroa basin, S.E. New Guinea, of which the typical
skull has been kindly lent me by Prof. Trouessart. In this
the skull is narrow, with but little-expanded zygomata, low
in the facial portion, with a strongly marked parietal con-
vexity, from which the profile runs forwards in a straight line
to the tip of the nasals. The palatal foramina are unusually
wide apart and divergent behind, instead of being narrow
and parallel. The pterygoid plates seem to be little developed
and to begin further backwards, but the skull is in a some-
what unsatisfactory condition, and it is impossible to be sure
of its natural characters. ‘The hind foot of the type is
59 mm. in length.

Secondly, there is U. validus, Peters and Doria, to which I
refer two specimens from Owgarra, Angabunga R. (Meek),
and one from Madeu (Stalker), British New Guinea. The
type was from Katau (d’ Albertis).

In this species the skull is of normal shape, the upper
profile evenly and slightly convex throughout, with but little
parietal convexity or frontal flattening. The supraorbital
edges are sharply square, with a slight concavity between
them. Zygomata well expanded. Palatal foramina narrow,
parallel. Mesopterygoid fossa rather narrow. Hind foot
52-56 mm.

A third described species is Ramsay’s ‘* Hapalotis papu-
anus,” but the type having disappeared, several of the skull-
and tooth-measurements being inconsistent with each other,

new Species of Uromys. 218

as though misprinted, and there being no certain locality, I
think it best to treat the species as indeterminable.

In addition the Museum contains examples of the two
following new forms :—

Uromys ductor, sp. n.

Like UJ. validus, but with larger skull. Colour more
fulvous.

General colour above approaching “cinnamon,” quite
uniform in the two available skins. Hands whitish. Feet
pale brown.

Skull in all essential characters as in U. validus, but size
larger. Supraorbital ridges rather more strongly developed.
Mesopterygoid fossa broader.

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body 325 mm. ; tail 280; hind foot 55 ; ear 26.

Skull: greatest length 65; condylo-incisive length 61°5 ;
zygomatic breadth 32 ; nasals 24:2 x 7-4; interorbital breadth
9:4; breadth of brain-case 21°5; palatilar length 32°6;
palatal foramina 7:3; breadth of mesopterygoid fossa 5:2;
upper molar series 11°2.

Hab. Avera, Aroa River, British New Guinea. Another
specimen from Dinawa, Owen Stanley Range (A. EF. Pratt).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 3. 12.1.4. Collected by
A.S. Meek. Three adult specimens examined.

This species is no doubt closely allied to what I consider
as U. validus, but is distinguished by its larger skull and
more fulvous colour.

Uromys prolizus, sp. n.

Like U. validus and ductor, but with long feet and long
narrow skull,

Size greater than in U. ductor, the hind foot 64 mm. in
length. General colour about as in U. validus, apparently
not so fulvous as in ductor, but as the specimen is in spirit
not much dependence can be placed on the exact shade of
colour. Hands white; feet white, with a wash of greyish
brown on the metatarsals. Tail with terminal half yellow.

Skull long and slender, much longer than in ductor, but
the zygomata not more widely expanded. Upper profile
slightly convex in the parietal region, then concave between
the orbits, strongly convex above the base of the zygomata,
the nasals sloping downwards from the frontal convexity.
The frontal region is also convex in the other direction,
high mesially, sloping laterally. Supraorbital edges with

214 Mr. O. Thomas on some

well-marked ridges and slight postorbital projections. ~ Palatal
foramina narrow, parallel. Mesopterygoid fossa fairly wide.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Head and hody 265 mm. ; tail 272; hind foot 61; ear 25.

Skull: greatest length 66°6 ; condylo-incisive length 62 ;
zygomatic breadth 32°2; nasals 24°2x 8:2; interorbital
breadth 10; mastoid breadth 21; palatilar length 33°5 ;
palatal foramina 7°3 x 3°3; width of mesopterygoid fossa 5;
upper molar series 12°2.

Hab. Haveri, 9° 25’ 8., 147° 35' E. British New Guinea.
Alt. 700 m.

Type. Adult male in spirit. B.M. no. 97. 8. 7.67. Col-
lected by Dr. L. Loria, and presented by the Museo Civico,
Genoa.

This species is distinguished by its long foot and long
slender skull, with convex frontal region and long molar
series.

oC
to)

Of the smaller forms of Uromys there seem to be a con-
siderable number of species, all closely allied and distin-
guishable merely by size and slight differences in colour.
The following appear to be undescribed :—

Uromys arcium, sp. n.

Size comparatively large, the skull larger than in any of
the other small species. General colour above dull rufous
brown (specimen skinned from spirit) ; below whiter through-
ouf, not very sharply defined laterally, the hairs white to
their roots. Hands and feet whitish, the metapodials
browner. ‘Tail unusually short, shorter than the head and
body, practically naked, the few scattered hairs less than a
scale in length ; with about fourteen rings of scales to the
centimetre * ; blackish above, inconspicuously lighter below.

Skull strongly built, heavier than in the few species of the
U. levipes-moncktont group which equal it in length. Inter-
orbital edges with fairly well-marked beads, which are less
divergent posteriorly than in U. levipes and its allies.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Head and body 138 mm.; tail 127; hind foot 28; ear 18,

Skull: greatest length 40; condylo-incisive length 38°1 ;
zygomatic breadth 21; nasals 13°6 ; interorbital breadth 6°8 ;
mastoid breadth 14°7; palatilar length 18:1; palatal fora-
mina 6°25 upper molar series 71.

* Candal scale-rings are always counted about the middle of the tail ;
they become more numerous towards the tip.

OL

new Species of Uromys. 21:

Fab. Rossel I., d’Entrecasteaux Group.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 89.6.3.2. Collected
18th October, 1888, and presented by Basil Thomson, Esq.

Distinguished by its size, white belly, and comparatively
short tail.

Uromys melicus, sp. n.

A medium-sized species with brownish under surface.

Size, as gauged by skull, markedly less than in U. cervi-
nipes. General colour above varying from broccoli-brown to
cinnamon; under surface soiled greyish for its greater
extent, the hairs slaty basally and more or less buffy ter-
minally. But the chin, throat, and axillary region are
nearly always white, and there is also a white patch across
the groin, so that in a series of specimens laid side by side
there is a transverse band of white anteriorly, then a broad
belt of soiled buffy greyish, succeeded by a second white
band posteriorly, Hands and feet dull whitish. Tail wholly
dark, with about eleven rings to the centimetre, the fine
sparse hairs about ascale in length and rather more numerous
than usual.

Skull smaller in all dimensions than in U. cervinipes ;
the supraorbital edges sharp and slightly beaded, more
divergent posteriorly than in U, cervinipes.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 122 mm.; tail 149; hind foot 29;
ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 32-7; condylo-incisive length 30°5 ;
zygomatic breadth 17°3; nasals 11:1; interorbital breadth
4-9; mastoid breadth 13°5; palatilar length 14:2; palatal
foramina 5:3 ; upper molar series 5°8.

Hab. Melville Island, Northern Territory of Australia.
Type from Biro, Apsley Straits. Sea-level.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.6. 28.32. Original
number 23. Collected 22nd January, 1912, by Mr. J. P.
Rogers. Thirteen specimens examimed.

“Trapped in the mangroves.” ‘*Trapped round tent.”
“ Very common.”—J. P. R.

Distinguished by its soiled buffy-greyish belly and whitish
pectoral and inguinal patches.

A very similar Uromys occurs in some of the islets off the
Cape York coast, but our material is not sufficient to say if
it is or is not specifically identical with the Melville Island
species.

U, cervinipes, Gould, of S. Queensland, and the doubtfully

216 On some new Species of Uromys.
distinct U. banfieldi, de Vis, of Dunk Island, N. Queensland,

have the skull markedly longer than in U. melicus.

Uromys lutillus, sp. n.

A small species with buffy-greyish under surface.

Size much smaller than in any of the described species.
General colour above dark clay-colour or dull fulvous.
Under surface similar but paler, the hairs slaty at base, buffy
terminally ; throat, axillary region, and centre of belly with
some ill-defined whitish patches, a large white patch covering
the inguinal region. Hands and feet whitish. Tail uni-
formly brown; hairs very few; scale-rings about fifteen to
the centimetre.

Skull with square unbeaded supraorbital edges. Palatal
foramina unusually long, reaching back to the level of the
front of m’.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body (c.) 112 mm.; tail 115; hind foot 24.

Skull: greatest length (c.) 29; condylo-incisive length (c.)
27; tip of nasals to lambda 25°7; zygomatic breadth 15:2;
nasals 10°3 ; interorbital breadth 4°3 ; palatilar length 12°7 ;
palatal foramina 5:1 ; upper molar series 5°3.

Hab. Owgarra, Angabunga R., S.H. British New Guinea.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 5.11. 28.20. Original
number 20. Collected 3rd November, 1904, by A. 8. Meek.
Two specimens.

This Uromys is distinguished from all previously described
species by its small size, and from the two next following by
its long palatal foramina, comparatively large teeth, and
buffy-grey underside.

Uromys murinus, sp. n.

A small insular species with white belly.

Size quite small, about as in U. lutillus. General colour
above strong fulvous, but both the specimens have been
skinned out of alcohol and are probably discoloured. Under
surface white, the white narrowed on the belly. Hands and
feet white. ‘Tail of normal proportions, brown above, slightly
paler below, its hairs few and short; scale-rings fourteen to
the centimetre.

Skull with the supraorbital edges sharply square, not
ridged. Palatal foramina of medium length, not quite
reaching to the level of the front angle of m!. Molars as
long as, but rather narrower than, in JU, lutillus, decidedly
larger than in the next species.

On the Skull, Brain, &c. of Diademodon. 217

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-
men) :—

Head and body 97 mm.; tail 109; hind foot 24 ; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 30; condylo-incisive length 27;
zygomatic breadth 15; nasals 10; interorbital breadth 4°7 ;
palatilar length 12°7 ; palatal foramina 4°9; upper molar
series 5°2.

Hab. Murray Islands, Torres Straits. Type from Mer.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 99.9.10.3. Collected
and presented by Prof. A. C. Haddon. Another specimen
collected by the Rev. S. MacFarlane.

Uromys muscalis, sp. n.

A small species with white belly and very small teeth.

External characters as in U. murinus, though the colour is
rather less strongly fulvous. The specimens of both have

‘been skinned out of alcohol, but it is not possible to say if
they have been equally affected by it. Under surface and
inner side of limbs wholly white. ‘Tail brown above, lighter
below ; scale-rings about fifteen to the centimetre.

Skull smaller and more delicately built than in murinus ;
supraorbital edges sharply detined in the type, which is aged.
Palatal foramina quite short, ending nearly half their length
in front of the molars. Teeth very small, conspicuously
smaller than in any other species,

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-
men) :—

Head and body 95 mm.; tail 105; hind foot 22; ear 14.
Skull: greatest length 29 ; condylo-i incisive length 26°6 ;
zygomatic breadth 14°5; nasals 10°2 ; siferorbital breadth
4:1; mastoid breadth 11; palatilar length 12-4; palatal

foramina 4 ; ; upper molar series 4°7.

Hab, Lower Fly River, British New Guinea.

Type. Old male. B. M. no. 86.5.16.4. Collected by the
Rev. S. MacFarlane, Three specimens.

Distinguishable by its small size and extremely small
teeth.

XX V.—Further Notes on the Skull, Brain, and Organs of
Special Sense of Diademodon. By D. M. 8S. Warson,
M.Sc., Lecturer in Vertebrate Paleontology in University
College, London.

Wuusr collecting on the farm Winnaarsbaaken, District

Albert, Cape Colony, which I visited with the aid of a grant

from the Percy Sladen Trustees, L obtained the back of a
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. L5

218 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the -

small Diademodon skull which fits accurately and is a part
of Seeley’s type-specimen of Diademodon entomophonus,
collected some twenty-five years before. It is interesting to
note that this long exposure cannot at the most have removed
more than half a millimetre from the exposed broken face.
The matrix isa light green and red mottled cornstone, which,
though hard, leaves the bone cleanly. I have been able to
completely clean the whole brain-cavity behind the exit of
the fifth nerve, and also the inner ears of both sides, that on
the right more completely.

Broken surfaces, some of which have been polished, enable
one to get a clear idea of the relation of the membrane-bones
of the back of the skull to the otic capsule.

The following description should be read in connection
with my former description of the Diademodon skull.

In front of the small round foramen magnum the brain-
cavity expands considerably, forming a large cavity much
higher than wide, The floor is slightly concave, and in front
is sharply depressed to form the pituitary fossa, whose floor
is extremely narrow. The pituitary fossa is flanked on either
side by the processi inferiores anteriores of the prootics.

Lying on the extreme back of the skull just above the
condyle is the small notch, which is probably for a blood-
vessel.

In advance of this at the sides of the base of the brain-
case, where the lateral walls turn sharply upwards, are two
small foramina lying one in front of the other. These open
into the deep pit which was described as the foramen jugu-
lare, the posterior at the extreme back of the pit and the
other on the inner wall just in front of it. These foramina
are undoubtedly for the twelfth nerve.

Above the posterior hypoglossal foramen is a_ small
foramen opening upwards in the lateral wall of the skull.
1 have not been able to trace the course of this opening, but
think it probably merely venous ; it is certainly not a nerve-
exit.

In front of these foramina is a large hole of irregular
shape in the wall and base of the brain-case. The posterior
part of this is the foramen for the IX., X.,and XI. nerves ;
the rest is the opening into the vestibule.

Immediately in front of the opening lies a very small
canal—the aqueductus fallopii—which passes straight down-
wards through the prootic. Above the internal auditory
meatus is a large deep fossa subarcuata: this passes back-
wards and“outwards, and has a smoothly rounded end ; it is
separated from the ear by a thin horizontal flange of bone,

Skull, Brain, &e. of Diademodon. 219

notched at the back so as to allow of a connection between
the two organs.

Above the processus anterior inferior prootici is a notch
for the V. nerve, above and in front of which the prootic is

IAW
X// ‘
Mest yy

Posterior part of the brain-cavity of Diademodon, slightly diagrammatized
1

from the type-skull of D. entomophonus. X 13.

Duc. Endo, = opening of the canal for the ductus endolymphaticus into
the brain-cavity. Foss.sub.arc.=fossa subarcuata, Vest.= vestibular
cavity. v' aud »", foramina for veins, V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII,
foramina for exit of the corresponding cranial nerves.

carried forward as a long process covered externally by the
alisphenoid. In the suture between this part of the prootic
and the parietal is a venous foramen opening outward into
the sinus-canal,

Bones of the Brain-case.

The basioccipital and basisphenoid are not separated by
suture ; they are in the cerebellar region very shallow bones,
deepening in front until, at the pituitary fossa, the basi-
sphenoid is transformed into a deep narrow plate, which
carries the laterally directed basipterygoid processes,

This specimen shows quite clearly that no sorgmaey opens

15

220 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the

into the brain-cavity through either of these bones, but from
the outer side of the depressions on the lower surface of the
basisphenoid, which have already been described, a smal! canal
runs quite laterally and opens on the side of the basisphenoid
very near its lower border and below the foramen fallopii.
This presumably transmits a blood-vessel.

The exoccipital opisthotic and basioccipital are not sepa-
rated by clear sutures.

The suture between the basioccipital and the other bones
must run either through or just within the two hypoglossal
foramina.

The other two bones with the fused supraoccipital form a
plate, pierced in the middle by the foramen magnum and
notched laterally by the post-temporal fossze.

A difference in texture of the bone in the specimen of
Diademodon browni already described renders it probable that
the exoccipital is a small bone, forming a good deal of the
foramen magnum and extending outwards along the lower
and hinder border of the paroccipital process. If this is the
case, the outer end of that process is formed by the opisthotic
with a splint of pro-otic along its anterior face.

The upper part of the occipital plate is formed by the
supraoccipital and the epiotics, which are no doubt fused
with it.

The pro-otic is clearly separated by suture from the basi-
sphenoid ; it forms the whole of the anterior border of the
internal auditory meatus and about half the fossa sub-
arcuata. Its upper border has a suture with the parietal, and
its posterior surface is in contact with the opisthotic and
“ supraoccipital.” It forms the anterior part of the vesti-
bule and of the fenestra ovale. It is pierced by the small
duct for the VII. nerve.

The relations of the membrane-bones sheathing these
cartilage-bones are as follows :—

The interparietal is a thin film of bone covering the back
of the occipital plate at the top and projecting above it to
articulate with the parietals.

The tabulare is a bone which was regarded in my former
account as part of the parietal. It sheaths both anterior
and posterior surfaces of the occipital plate, having a sutural
connection with the interparietal and extending down outside
the post-temporal fossa to touch the end of the opisthotic.

The parietals are fused in the middle line; they articulate
behind with the interparietal, and their lateral edges have
a suture with the pro-otics and, to a less degree, with
the supraoccipital. They send a process outward along the

Skull, Brain, &e. of Diademodon. 221

front of the tabulare, which is itself overlapped by the
squamosal,

The squamosal has a large articulation with the end of the
opisthotic ; it sends a process inward over the post-temporal
fossa to cover the front face of the tabulare and part of the
parietal. It has also a connection with the pro-otic by the
special process, already described, which covers the venous
canal between the pterygo-paroccipital and post-temporal
fossee.

In my former description I held the thin plates of bone
which cover the anterior parts of the brain and extend back-
wards to the quadrate in front of the tympanic cavity to be
parts of the pterygoid. The present specimen shows con-
clusively that that view was wrong, and that Dr. Broom was
right in considering the whole to be a separate bone—the
epipterygoid.

The suture separating the epipterygoid from the pterygoid
runs obliquely from the notch in front of the columella
cranii to the lower surface of the boues below the foramen
for the V. nerve and to the outside of the opening for the
internal carotid artery. This condition explains the fact
that the relation of the pterygoid flange of the yuadrate and
the quadrate flange of the epipterygoid is the reverse of that
which always occurs between the pterygoid flange of the
quadrate and the posterior ramus of the pterygoid.

The process by which the reduction of this posterior ramus
of the pterygoid and development of the epipterygoid takes
place is clearly illustrated by many ‘‘ Therocephalian ” skulls,
where the epipterygoid has an articulation with the basi-
sphenoid and sends a long process back along the upper
border of the posterior ramus of the pterygoid.

The epipterygoids extend forward to the middle of the
orbits, their lower borders being closely approximated during
much of the anterior part.

In transverse section just behind the postorbital bar the
upper edge of the epipterygoid is clasped between the frontal,
which sends a flange down its inner side, and the postorbital,
which covers a good deal of its outer surface.

It seems to be certain that the whole of this long anterior
extension is really epipterygoid and that there is no orbito-
sphenoid.

The structure of the bony labyrinth is very well shown on
the right side of the type-skull of D. entomophonus; the
actual semicircular canals, however, have not been cleared,
but are very clearly seen as casts in the type-specimen of
Nythosaurus larvatus, which agrees closely in structure,

223 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the

The vestibule lies very low down in the skull, being largely
below the bottom of the brain. It is considerably longer
than high and wide, its small posterior end bemg produced
backwards and outwards, separated by a thin ridge from the
deep groove which transmitted the 1X., X., and XI. nerves.

The anterior end is continued as a rather large cavity, the
lateral wall of which bears a diverticulum for the ampulla of
the horizontal semicircular canal; still further forward is the
space for the ampulla of the anterior vertical semicircular
canal.

The vestibule is continued up by a special narrow part,
which passes into the joint portion of the anterior and poste-
rior semicircular canals. Nythosaurus shows all three
canals very well. The anterior canal loops over the fossa
subarcuata in the normal way, and the chief point of interest
seems to be that the ampulle are very small.

The ductus endolymphaticus has a small foramen to the
cranial cavity, which lies just above and behind the fossa
subarcuata.

The fenestra ovale lies in the outer and lower wall of the
vestibule, and the posterior end of the vestibular space opens
by avery large foramen (confluent with the foramen jugu-
laris, from which it is marked off by a distinct process) into
the deep pit into which all the posterior cranial nerves open.
This large opening is the fenestra rotundata ; immediately
to the frout of it the vestibular space is continued down-
wards, forwards, and inwards into a long cavum cochlearum.
The cochlea was obviously quite long and bent perhaps
through a quadrant.

The ear that has been just described resembles that of a
mammal, and differs from those of all other types in the
following features :—

1. Its inferior position, the vestibule lying very largely
below the brain, a character common to all Therapsids
in which the condition is known.

2. The small fenestra ovale.

3. The long, anteriorly internally directed, and bent
cochlea.

It is surprisingly primitive in the retension of a large
opening to the brain-cavity, closed, of course, in life by a
membrane.

The semicircular canals also are of a very simple type,
without any of the specialization so often found in lizards,
birds, and mammals.

Skull, Brain, &c. of Diademodon. 223

Taken as a whole, the labyrinth is extraordinarily similar
to that of Ornithorhynchus in all features.

Nasal Cavity.

The nasal cavity is best examined in two natural casts in
ironstone, R. 1718, the type-specimen of Nythosaurus, and
R. 3767, Diademodon sp.

Tronstone casts of nasal cavity and parts of brain-case of Diademodon
(left) and Nythosaurus (right). x 1.

To show the ridges and furrows associated with the attachment of ethmo-
turbinals and the olfactory lobes in Diademodon and the whole
brain in Nythosaurus.

C.L.=cerebrum ; Cereb.=cerebellum ; O.Z.=olfactory lobes,

In both types the nasal cavity is very large. It is dis-
tinctly separated from the brain-cavity behind it by a ridge
on the under surface of the frontal, and extends from here
forwards between the orbits to the nose. The under surface
of the frontals, nasals, and prefrontals bears a series of
ridges and grooves running longitudinally; these cross
sutures without disturbance, and are quite similar in the two
genera.

There is a strong ridge down the middle line, on each side

224 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the

of which is a deep groove, bounded laterally by a distinct
ridge. Immediately external to this on the frontal is a
smaller groove and ridge, outside which is a pocket in the
prefroutal, along the bottom of which is a ridge. On the
side of the nasal cavity outside this pocket are three other
ridges, making six in all. .

This series of ridges and grooves is identical in all features
with those on the lower surface of mammalian frontals and
nasals which are associated with the attachment of ethmo-
turbinals. They seem to me to afford conclusive evidence
that Nythosaurus and Diademoden possessed a series of
unossified ethmo-turbinals on thesame plan as such a mammal
as Dasyurus.

I have not yet found similar evidence of the presence of a
maxillo-turbinal, perhaps only on account of imadequate
material.

Another feature extremely clearly shown by these two
ironstone casts is the course of the naso-lachrymal duct.
This opens into the. orbit by two foramina in the
lachrymal bone, leading into canais, which soon unite and
then travel forward still in the lachrymal bone until they
open into the nasal cavity on the inner side of the maxilla.
These relations are so very similar to those existing in
Perameles between the duct and the lachrymal bone as to
leave no doubt that the bone in Cynodonts is homologous
with that of the mammal. It is, however, the lower of the
two bones usually called lachrymal and prefrontal, and as
the Cynodonts are certainly more nearly allied to the
mammals than the lizards, it leaves no doubt that Gaupp
was not justified in homologizing the reptilian prefrontal
with the mammalian lachrymal. Meek, from the conditions
in the Crocodile, has already controverted this view, Gaupp
having no doubt been misled by the great reduction of the
true lachrymal in the types studied by him.

The occurrence of a large deep fossa subarcuata is of great
importance, because it shows that the brain in its region
and at least to its level filled the brain-cavity, as does that of
a mammal. If the brain had not filled the cavity there
would be no necessity for providing a special diverticulum
for the flocculus.

We are thus justified in regarding the lower part of the
cerebellar region of the cast of the cranial cavity as a rela-
tively perfect copy of the brain,

The under surface of the medulla is slightly convex in all
directions, and is terminated in front by the pituitary, which

Skull, Brain, &e. of Diademodon. 225

is not shown accurately, because the sides of its fossa are
widely open for the internal carotids. From the extreme
lower edge of this region the two branches of the XII. nerve
leave the skull. Above the more anterior of these is the
process representing the X. nerve, which leaves relatively high
up on the side of the brain and is continuous with the cast of
the vestibule.

IX,X,XI

Cast of the posterior part of the brain-cavity of Diudemodon entomophonus.
Upper figure, from below ; lower figure, right side. x 1.

Floc.=floceulus ; Z.Z., impression of lateral lobe of cerebellum ;
Pit,=pituitary, Other references as before.

In front of this region the brain suddenly expands, the
lateral parts being formed by the flocculi, which are very
large and directed outward and backward. Study of the
cast shows that the cerebellum is very much larger than in
any known reptile both laterally and vertically, the lateral
lobes being distinctly marked.

Some distance in front of the flocculus is the exit of the
V. nerve, placed low down in the skull lateral to the
pituitary. The top of the cast in this region certainly does
not reproduce the brain,

226 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the

The brain-case in the region of the optic lobes and
cerebrum has not been cleared, but as its lower surface is
widely open and the walls the thin plates of the epipterygoid,
a cast would not: be likely to yield any information of value.
The maximum possible breadth of the cerebrum is known,
and is very much less than the width across the cerebellum.

Fig. 4.

Skull of Diademodon entomophonus, restored. Dorsal aspect. X 3.

Stippled area=cavity for the brain; lined area=vestibule and its
processes; semicircular canals black.

The ironstone cast R. 3767 shows the front of the brain
quite well ; the thin plates of epipterygoids which enclose it
very nearly meet in the ventral line, and the upper surface

Skull, Brain, &c. of Diademodon. 227

of the cast is very distinctly divided into two smooth
rounded masses, which probably reproduce the olfactory
lobes with some accuracy; if this is so, they are relatively
very large, in correlation no doubt with the large nasal
cavity with an elaborate series of turbinals.

Taken as a whole, the marked features of the brain are :—

1. The ventral position of the exits of the nerves.

2. The very great development of the cerebellum and the
presence of a large flocculus.

. The great length and narrowness of the cerebrum.

The large olfactory lobes.

The fact that the cerebellum fills its cavity.

ore oo

Fig. 5.

2)

Diademodon entomophonus. Brain-case in sagittal section, with the ear
and front edge of the epipterygoid projected on toit. x 2.
The stippled area represents the probable area occupied by the brain ;
where it rests on an unbroken line the brain-cavity is floored.

Fen.ov.=fenestra ovale; Fen.r.=fenestra rotunda

The type-specimen of Nythosaurus larvatus gives a good
cast of the brain, which differs from that described above in
Diademodon ouly in being relatively large (no doubt on
account of its smaller size) and in having larger olfactory
lobes.

It is an interesting fact that in Dicynodon there is in one
specimen a very shallow depression in a position corre-
sponding to the fossa subareuata in Diademodon. This
suggests that the tendency to a great development of the
cerebellum was common amongst Therapsids.

228 On the Skull, Brain, &c. of Diademodon.

The very remarkable size of the cerebellum in Diademodon
is, perhaps, to be correlated with the advanced type of limb
found in that group, where the characters of the humerus
and genoid cavity suggest that the fore limb was carried
somewhat like that of a higher mammal, with the feet not
very distant from the middle line, whilst in Dicynodon and
other early types and also in the living Monotremes they are
very widely separated, and the animal’s gait was certainly
very slow and uncertain.

In any case the Diademodon brain suggests very strongly
that in mammalian ancestors the first part of the brain to be
specialized was the cerebellum, which is associated with the
coordination of muscular movements, and that the cerebrum,
whose function is different, was of much later development.

This view is in strict accordance with the fact that all
early and primitive mammals have very large cerebella in
proportion to the rest of the brain, and that in later types
the cerebrum increases much more rapidly than the other
regions.

Many of the differences between a mammal and a reptile—
the soft skin, the increased body-temperature, the hair and
all it implies, the more perfect joints in the limbs—are
directly connected with increased activity and precision of
movement, and these in turn are dependent on cerebellar
improvement.

The importance of the Diademodon brain, ear, and nose
lies in the evidence which they afford that this change was
actually taking place in the Therapsids, and that it is to all
appearances a very gradual one and may to a large extent have
preceded the development of a mammalian structure.

I wish to express my thanks to the Percy Sladen Trustees
and to Mr. J. Strydom, of Winnaarsbaaken, to whose
hospitality I am indebted for the opportunity of collecting
the specimen.

Bibliography.

Broom, R. 1911. “On the Structure of the Skull in Cynodont
Reptiles.” Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, pp. 893-923.

Srrrey, H.G. 1908. ‘ Additional Evidence as to the Dentition and
Structure of the Skull in Diademodon.” Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908,
pp. 611-617,

Watson, D. M.S. 1911. “The Skull of Diademodon.” Ann, & Mag.
Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. vill. pp. 293-330.

On a new Species of Thaumastocheles. 229

XXVI.—WNote on Myxine capensis.
By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Myxrye c4pensts was recently described by me from a single
specimen from the Cape of Good Hope, taken at a depth of
110 fathoms (‘ Annals, (8) xi. 1913, p. 398). The dentition
could not be described, and it was not certain that the presence
of seven pairs of branchial pouches was normal and charac-
teristic of the species. Dr. L. Peringuez, Director of the
South African Museum, has very kindly sent me two examples
of the Cape hag-fish, taken off Cape Point at a depth of
175 fathoms. Both have seven branchial pouches and ten
teeth in each series, the two most anterior united. The
Jarger measures 320 mm. (93 mm. to the branchial aperture)
and the smaller 250 mm. (73 mm. to the branchial aperture).
The pores number 31+67+10 and 30+ 64+ 12 respectively.

Myvxine capensis is nearest to M. australis, Jenyns, from
Chile and Patagonia, but differs from that species (and from
all others of the genus) in having seven pairs of branchial
sacs instead of six.

XXVII.—A new Species of the Crustacean Genus Thaumasto-
cheles. By W. T. Cauman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

TuavmastTocHEtes zatEucus (Willemoes-Suhm), one of the
most remarkable of deep-sea Crustacea, was described from
a single perfect female specimen and fragments of a second
which were dredged by the ‘ Challenger’ off Sombrero Island,
West Indies, at a depth of 450 fathoms. In 1906 Dr. Doflein
referred to the same species a male specimen from Sagami
Bay, Japan, and four years later Miss Rathbun recorded a
female from a depth of 350 fathoms in the same locality.
Dr. Doflein mentions that Mr. Owston, the well-known
dealer in Yokohama, from whom‘his specimen was obtained,
had previously sent another to England. This refers, in all
probability, to a specimen now in the Zoological Museum of
the University of St. Andrews, to which my attention has
been called by Prof. W. C. M‘Intosh, F.R.S. I am greatly

230 Dr. W. T. Calman on a new Species of

indebted to Prof. M‘Intosh for allowing this precions and
fragile specimen to run the risks of a journey to London, in
order that I might compare it directly with the ‘Challenger’
type. The result has been to show that the West-Indian
and Japanese forms are quite distinct, though closely allied,
species. Brief summaries of their distinctive characters are
given below, followed by some more detailed notes on the
St. Andrews specimen.

Thaumastocheles zaleucus (Willemoes-Suhm).

Astacus zaleucus, Willemoes-Suhm, in Wyville Thomson, Nature, vill,
1873, p. 247, fig. 1; Milme-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (5) xix.
1874, Art. 7, 2 pp. pl.xx.; Willemoes-Suhm, Trans. Linn. Soe.
London, ser. 2, Zool. i. 1875, p. 48, pl. x. fig. 1.

Thaumastocheles zaleucus, Wood-Mason, Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal,
1874, p. 181; Spence Bate, Rep. ‘ Challenger’ Macrura, 1888, p. 47,
pls. vi., vil. fig. 1.

Third segment of antennular peduncle more than 13 times
as long as second, its width less than half of its length.
Penultimate segment of antennal peduncle extending well
beyond tip of scale, more than twice as jong as distal segment.
Spiniform teeth on fingers of larger cheliped inclined alter-
nately to either side of the plane in which the fingers lie.
Palm of smaller cheliped more than half as long as fingers.
Dactylus of second and tiird pereopods two-thirds of length
of upper border of palm.

Holotype: female, total length (rostrum to telson) 110 mm.,
from ‘Challenger’? Station 23, off Sombrero Island, West
Indies, 450 fathoms (Brit. Mus. Crustacea, reg. no. 83. 22).
Paratype: chelipeds (first pair) and left third maxilliped of
another individual from the same locality.

Thaumastocheles japonicus, sp. n.

Thaumastocheles zaleuwcus, Dofiein, Zool. Anz. xxx. 1906, p. 521,
figs.1-4; Rathbun, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, li, 1910, p. 314,

pl. vi.

Third segment of antennular peduncle hardly longer than
second, its width more than two-thirds of its length. Penulti-
mate segment of antennal peduncle just reaching tip of scale,
one and a half times as long as distal segment. Spiniform
teeth on fingers of larger cheliped lying in the plane of the
fingers. Palm of smaller cheliped less than half as long as
the fingers. Dactylus of second and third perseopeds equal
or nearly so to upper border of palm.

Holotype: female, total length 174 mm., in Zoological

the Crustacean Genus Thaumastocheles. 231

Museum of University of St. Andrews, “Off Yenoshima,
Odawara Bay, Japan, 200 fathoms, July 1898, Mr. W.
Balsillie.” Length of carapace and rostrum 62 mm. ; of
larger chela 118 mm.; of smaller chela 56 mm. This
specimen is the largest yet recorded in the genus.

The spines on the antero-lateral regions of the carapace are
more numerous than in Th. zaleucus. The raised line which
marks the anterior margin of the carapace shows on each
side of the base of the rostrum an orbital bay, which, how-
ever, is smaller and more concealed by overlying fur than in
the type of Th. zaleucus. The rostrum is turned upwards at
the tip, not downwards as in Doflein’s specimen, and there
are about five pairs of marginal spinules concealed in the
shaggy fur that covers it. The dorso-lateral ridges of the
abdomen, which in 7’h. zaleucus are dentate or tuberculate on
all the somites, are so here only on the first three, becoming
low and smooth on the last three somites.

The arrangement of the teeth on the fingers of the larger
cheliped requires further description. In Zh. zaleucus (fig. I.)
the teeth are set in a single row—that is to say, with their
bases in line—for the greater part of the length of the fingers,
but they slope alternately to either side of the plane in which
the two fingers lie, so as to form two rows at an angle of
about 80° with each other, Towards the proximal end of
the fingers the bases of the two rows begin to move apart,
and the arrangement becomes truly biserial. ‘Throughout
the greater part of each row large and small teeth alternate
in regular order, so that the periodic arrangement, taking
both rows together, may be represented by the formula
MAB B &.

In Th. japonicus (fig, II.), on the other hand, the teeth are
in a single row, and all lie in the plane of the fingers ; they
are of four orders of size, and are arranged with beautiful
regularity (which only becomes disturbed towards the base
and tip of each finger) in periodic sequence agreeing with
that observed by Stahr* and by Herrick f in the chele of
the lobster. The sequence may be represented by the formula
ADCDBDCDA, Atthe proximal end of the immovable
finger is a single tooth set out of the line of the others and
pointing obliquely towards the side that is ventral when the
chela is extended. This tooth apparently corresponds to one

* Jenaische Zeitschr. xxxiii. 1898, p. 457.
+ Bull. Bureau Fisheries, Washington, xxix. 1909, p. 260

232 On a new Species of Thaumastocheles.

which, in Th. zaleucus, seems to be in series with the ven-
trally directed row, though it is larger than its neighbours
and a little more inclined than they are.

The specimens described by Doflein and Miss Rathbun are
identified with the species here described not only on account
of the locality whence they were obtained, but also because
the figures given by these authors show the teeth of the
Jarger chela arranged as in the St. Andrews specimen. It is
to be noted, however, that Doflein’s figure shows the palm of
the smaller cheliped to be more than half the length of the
fingers. If this be correct, the character in question should
be omitted from the specific diagnosis, or qualified by the
words “in the female.” In Doflein’s figure, also, the smaller

i, IE

Diagram (not drawn to scale) showing arrangement of teeth on finger of
large cheliped: I. Thaumastocheles zaleucus ; Il. Th. japonicus.

chela is nearly straight, as it is in the type of Th. zaleucus,
while in the St. Andrews specimen of Th. gaponicus, as in the
photograph given by Miss Rathbun, the immovable finger is
bent outwards so as to form an obtuse angle with the palm.
In both species the last pair of perseopods are minutely but
perfectly chelate. ‘This character is apparently not confined
to the female sex, as Spence Bate suspected it might be,
since Doflein states that in the male specimen examined by
him “Die Pereiopoden sind vollkommen wie nach der
Beschreibung von Bate beim 2.”

In the female of both species there is, on the sternal surface
of the thorax, between the bases of the penultimate pair of
legs, a trilobed structure which, from the analogy of the

On new Species of Mollusca. 233

common lobster, is probably a thelycum or receptaculum seminis.
It resembles that of the lobster * in general form, but differs a
little in the two species. In Th. zaleucus the posterior unpaired
lobe (no doubt the “ triangular pectoral plate” of Willemoes-
Suhm’s account) is relatively large and its anterior angle is
acute, while the anterior paired lobes are depressed in the
middle line ; in Th. japonicus the posterior lobe is smaller, its
anterior angle is obtuse, and the anterior lobes are elevated
in the middle. It is possible, however, that these differences
may not be specific, but may be due to differing degrees of
maturity.

DL I OL Se

XXVII.—Deseriptions of new Species of Mollusea.
By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S.

[Plate III.)

THE eight Japanese species described in this paper, together
with the six appearing in my last (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,
June 1913), were collected and sent over by Mr. Y. Hirase,
whose diligent researches have added much to our knowledge
of the molluscan fauna of Japan. He has also recently
built and furnished an excellent conchological museum at
Kyoto. :

Glyphostoma glabriplicatum, sp.n. (Pl. III. fig. 1.)

Testa elongata, albida, solidiuscula ; spira elato-turrita ; anfractus 9,
convexi, gradati, spiraliter subtilissime striati, longitudinaliter
plicati; plicis 8, crassiusculis, rotundatis, glabratis; anfractus
ultimus brevis, infra contractus, brevirostratus ; apertura brevi-
cula; peristoma ad marginem acutum, extus crassivaricosum,
intus plicatum ; sinus posticus arcuatus, mediocriter profundus,
latiuseulus ; columella rectiuscula, leviter plicata; canalis brevis,
infra expansus,

Long. 14, maj. diam. 4 mm.

flab. Osumi, Japan.

Shell with a short body-whorl: and high turrited spire;
the outer lip thickened by a strong varix, edge acute, interior
of the aperture on both sides closely plicate.

In its general aspect this shell is very like G@. alicia

* Calman, “Crustacea,” Lankester’s ‘ Treatise on Zoology,’ 1909, p. 291,
fig. 169.
ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 16

234 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on

(Melvill and Standen), from Lifu, but it is much smoother,
the spiral stria being very fine and close.

Drillia solicitata, sp.n. (Pl. III. fig. 2.)

Testa elongata, solidiuscula, pallide carnea, dilute fulvo fasciata ;
anfractus 7, superne glabrati, leviter concavi, infra convexi,
oblique plicati; anfractus ultimus spiram fere sequans, supra
breviter oblique plicatus, deinde levis, infra attenuatus, vix
rostratus; apertura oblonga, mediocriter lata, intus levis; peri-
stoma acutum, arcuatum; sinus profundus, intus rotunde ex-

pansus ; canalis latus, brevissimus; columella leviter arcuata,
supra callosa.

Long. 14, maj. diam, 53 mm,

Hab. Goto, Japan.

A pale pink shell, with light fulvous bands; it is chiefly
remarkable for the character of the sinus, which is rather
narrow at the entrance and then roundly expanded.

Mangilia osumiensis, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 3.)

Testa fusiformis, sordide albida, obscure luteo fasciata ; spira elata,
acuta; anfractus 7, convexiusculi, spiraliter densissime striati, -
longitudinaliter plicati ; plicis 8, rectiusculis vel leviter obliquis;
crassiusculis; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, supra con-
vexus, infra attenuatus; apertura oblonga, mediocriter lata ;
peristoma acutum ; sinus previssimus ; canalis latiusculis, curtus.

Long. 44, maj. diam, 2 mm.

Hab. Osumi, Japan.
A typical Mangilia, distinctly spirally striated.

Cythara quadrilineata, sp. D. (Pl. IIT. fig. 4.)

Testa fusiformi-ovata, solidiuscula, albida, lineis 4 pallide fulvis
transversim ornata; spira acute conica, leviter convexa; an-
fractus 5, leeves, plicis paucis glabratis longitudinaliter instructi ;
anfractus ultimus longitudinis % teste equans, Supra convexus,
infra attenuatus; apertura angusta; peristoma crassum, intus
denticulatum; sinus haud profundus; columella rectiuscula,
minute denticulata; canalis brevis, mediocriter latus.

Long. 8, maj. diam. 3; mm.

Hab. Japan.

‘A smooth shell without spiral striz, the longitudinal plicze
being somewhat distant, and smoothly rounded. ‘The four
light fulvous lines crossing the body-whorl seem to be a
constant character.

new Species of Mollusca, 235

Clathurella excellens, sp.n. (PI. ILL. fig. 5.)

Testa ovato-turrita, alba, luteo tincta, fulvo-fusco hic illie pauci-
maculata; spiraelatiuscula, gradata; anfractus 6, supra angulati,
longitudinaliter rugose plicati; plicis 8, nodulosis; anfractus
ultimus spiram superans, supra nodose angulatus, infra con-
tractus, breviter rostratus; apertura oblonga, angustiuscula ;
peristoma crassum, intus denticulatum; sinus posticus mediocriter
profundus, rotunde curvatus ; columella recta, fere levis; canalis
brevis, antice expansus.

Long. 10, maj. diam. 4 mm.

Hab. Osumi, Japan.

A small shell of a striking and somewhat gay character.
The nodules on the ribs are quite prominent, mostly of a
pale yellow colour, but here and there they are ornamented
with conspicnous bright brown blotches, sparingly distributed.

Clathurella royt, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 6.)

Testa ovato-turrita, crassa, pallide luteo-fulva, ad apicem fusca ;
spira elatiuscula, subgradata; anfractus 8, primi 2 Jevyes, se-
quentes conyexi, supra angulati, longitudinaliter plicati ; plicis
crassis, rotundatis, valide nodulosis; anfractus ultimus spiram
fere equans, supra convexus, angulatus, infra contractus, brevis-
sime rostratus; apertura mediocriter angusta ; peristoma crassum,
intus denticulatum; sinus mediocriter latus et profundus; colu-
mella leyiter sinuosa, haud denticulata; canalis brevis.

Long. 7, maj. diam. 3 mm.

Hab. Osumi, Japan.

A small shell of solid growth, with very stout, strongly
nodulous ribs, brown apex. Otherwise the shell is of a light
uniform buff-colour.

Conus optimus, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 7.)

Testa turbinata, crassa, fusca, maculis grandibus albis diversi-
formibus ornata; spira breviter conica; anfractus angulati,
anguste planulati, ad angulum tuberculati ; anfractus ultimus ad
angulum tuberculis rotundatis mediocriter elevatis subdistantibus
coronatus, infra angulum conyexiusculus, baltea alba irregulariter
interrupta infra medium ornatus, basin versus leviter attenuatus,
granulatus ; apertura angusta, intus purpurea ; peristoma postice
breviter sinuata.

Long. 23, maj. diam. 12 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia.
The pattern of this shell is rather excentric ; there is a
large, white, curiously formed blotch proceeding diagonally

236 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on

from the angle, and just below the middle of the body-whorl
an interrupted belt of quaintly formed white markings ; these
show very prominently against the general plain brown
colour of the shell.

I have only seen a single specimen of this species.

Chrysodomus acutispiratus, sp.n. (Pl. III. fig. 8.)

Testa ovato-acuminata, luteo-albida, pallide fusco-balteata, ubique
spiraliter lirata, liris angustis, confertis, liris fortioribus majis
distantibus interveniens; spira elata acuta, apice papillaris ;
anfractus 9, primi 2 leves, leviter obliqui, sequentes 4, angulatim
convexi, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicati, deinde regulariter con-
vexi; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, ventricosus infra
medium valde contractus, breviter contorto rostratus; apertura
ovata, intus levis, fusco-tincta; peristoma tenue, arcuatum ;
columella arcuata, infra medium complicata, sinistrorsum re-
flexa ; canalis brevis, leviter reflexus.

Long. 29, maj. diam. 13 mm.

Hab. Tyo, Inland Sea, Japan,

This shell is remarkable for its long acute spire, the spiral,
close, fine lire, with stronger ones at regular intervals, and
the rough plice on the upper whorls.

Mesalia ewilis, sp.n. (PI. ILI. fig. 9.)

Testa elongato-turrita, albida, maculis parvis pallide lutescente con-
spersa, ubique spiraliter tenuiter lirata; spira preelonga, acuta ;
anfractus 14, leviter convexi, oblique anguste plicati, plicis
eranulosis; sutura anguste canaliculata; anfractus ultimus 3
longitudinis teste equans, convexus, plicis obliquis evanidis;
apertura semilunata; peristoma tenue; columella sinistrorsum
reflexa ; basis haud canaliculata, sinu latiusculo emarginato.

Long. 47, maj. diam. 133 mm.

Hab. West Australia.

The actual generic position of this remarkable shell is
uncertain, but I place it provisionally in J/esalia on account
of the characteristic basal sinus,

Mitra marcia, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 10.)

Testa ovato-fusiformis, albida, lineis lacteis, vivide fusco interruptis
ornata ; spira mediocriter elata, acuta; anfractus 8, convexi,
longitudinaliter ubique plicata, supra pallide luteo tincti, linea
fusca luteo interrupta ornati; anfractus ultimus $ longitudinis
teste zequans, convexiusculus, infra leviter attenuatus, ad medium,
supra, et infra hilariter lineatus ; apertura oblonga, intus fusco
fasciata ; columella triplicata.

Long. 16, maj. diam. 6 mm.

bo
Co
~~!

new Species of Mollusca.

Hab. Cyo-Callamianes, Philippines (Hidalgo).

A beautiful little shell; the lines crossing it are bright
brown between the ribs and yellow on the top; the anterior
portion of the shell is more densely marked with brown lines.

I have only seen one specimen, which was sent to me by

Senior J. G. Hidalgo, of Madrid,

Mitra hidalgot, sp.n. (PI. ILI. fig. 11.)

Testa gracillime elongata, albida, hic illic sparsim flavo tincta;
spira elata, acutissima; anfractus 9, primi 2 leves, pellucens,
sequentes tricarinati, inter carinas longitudinaliter foveolatim
multisuleati; anfractus ultimus } longitudinis teste equans,
levissime convexus, carinis circiter 12 instructus, basin versus
attenuatus ; apertura angusta ; peristoma tenue, serratum ; colu-
mella triplicata,

Long. 19, maj. diam. 53 mm.

Hab. Philippines (Hidalgo).

A shell of graceful slender form, with prominent spiral
earine, between which are numerous short excavated sulci
directed longitudinally.

Like the last species, this is the only specimen I have
seen, and it was also sent me by Seiior Hidalgo.

Mitra sculptispira, sp.n. (PI. LI. fig. 12.)

Testa ovato-fusiformis, solidula, nigro-fusca, baltea unica luteo-
fusca ornata; spira conica, mediocriter elata, acuta; anfractus 7,
convexi, longitudinaliter plus minusve rugose plicati; sutura
impressa ; anfractus ultimus levis, $ longitudinis teste equans,
supra convexus, supra medium baltea angusta luteo-alba cingu-
latus, infra leviter attenuatus, oblique sulcatus; apertura an-
gusta; peristoma crassiusculum, levis, nigro-fusca; columella
rectiuscula, triplicata.

Long. 14, maj. diam, 6 mm,

Hab. 1. Sibuyan, Philippines (Hidalgo).

Four specimens of this species to hand. It is a dark
brown shell, with a thin band of yellowish white ; the body-
whorl is smooth, but the upper whorls are more or less
rudely plicate ; in this respect the specimens vary considerably.

Tellina eusculpta, sp.n. (PI. IIL. fig. 13.)

Testa ovalis, compressa, albida, concentrice tenuiter dense laminata,
radiatim subfiliter suleata, antice rotundata, postice leviter trun-
cata, leviter flexuosa ; umbones acuti, fere centrali, conjuncti;
lunula angustissima; ligamentum breviusculum ; area ligamenti

238 On new Species of Mollusca.

excavata ; margo dorsalis utrinque declivis; latus anticus rotun-
datum, posticus biangulatum ; eardo normalis.
Diam. antero-post. 26, umbono-marg. 16 mm.

Hab. Manila.
A white shell of ordinary form, closely sculptured, with
thin concentric lamellee and radiating strie. .

Cardita kiiensis, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 14.)

Testa transverse oblongo-ovata, compressiuscula, fulvo-fusca, supra
albo picta, versus marginem tenuiter concentrice striata, ubique
oblique costata; costis 12, latiusculis, rotunde convexis, inter-
stitiis subeequaliter latis; umbones incurvati, approximati, antice
locati ; margo dorsalis posticus elongatus, leviter arcuatus, anticus
abrupte truncatus, utrinque rotunde convexus, ventralis leviter
arcuatus ; cardo normalis; pagina interna levis, alba, ad mar-
ginem crenulata.

Diam. umbono-marg. 21, antero-post. 29 mm,

Hab. Ki, Japan.
This shell is chiefly remarkable for the extremely anterior
position of the umboes, making the radiating ribs unusually

oblique.

Cardita regularis, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 15.)

Testa subtrigonalis, ventricosa, crassa, fusca, radiatim costata ;
costis 12, latiusculis, transversim rugose plicatis, interstitiis majis
angustis levigatis; umbones obtusi, ante medium locati; area
valvarum antica oblongo-cordiformis, leviter concava, postica
elongata, compressa, utrinque rugose striata; margo dorsalis
anticus brevis, valde declivis, posticus elongatus recto declivis ;
latus anticus rotundatum, posticus acuminatum, biangulatum.
Pagina interna lilaceo-fusco tincta, margine crenulata ; impres-
siones musculares utrinque ovali, impressi.

Diam. umbono-marg. 30, antero-post. 40, crass. 25 mm,

Hab. Gorée, West Africa.

Compared with C. antiquata, Linn., the form of this shell
is more triangular, umboes more nearly central, radiating ribs
more strongly plicate, interstices not so deep. It is further
distinguished by the shallow depressions before and behind
the umbones.

I have only seen one adult and two young specimens,
which were in the collection of the late Monsieur Denans,
with label indicating habitat as above.

Geological Society. 239

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL.

Fig. 1. Glyphostoma glabriplicatum (twice nat. size),
Fig. 2. Dritha solicitata (twice nat. size).

Fig. 3. Mangilia osumiensis (3% times nat. size).

Fig. 4. Cythara quadrilineata (twice nat. size).

Fig. 6. Clathurella excellens (twice nat. size).

Fug. . 6: royt (23 times nat. size).

Fig. 7. Conus optimus (nat. size),

Fig. 8. Chrysodomus acutispira (nat. size).

Fig. 9. Mesalia exilis (nat. size).

Fig. 10. Mitra marcie (twice nat. size).
Fig. 11. hidalgot (14 times nat. size),
Fig. 12. sculptispira (twice nat. size).
Fig. 18. Tellina eusculpta (nat. size),

Fig. 14. Cardita kivensis (nat. size).

Fg. 15. reguiaris (uat. size).

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

February 5th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On the Skeleton of Ornithodesmus latidens, an Ornithosaur
from the Wealden Shales of Atherfield (Isle of Wight).’ By
Reginald Walter Hooley, F.G.S.

The bones were obtained from blocks recovered from the sea
after being washed from a huge fall of the Wealden Shales.
Portions of the skeleton missing in the Atherfield specimens are
supplemented by bones in the British Museum (Natural History),
No. R/176, upon which the late Prof. H. G. Seeley founded the
genus, There are remarkable peculiarities in the skull which
isolate it from all known families, such as the presence of a sixth
vacuity and a transposition of the jugal and quadratojugal in regard
to the supra- and infra-temporal arcades. The jugal is excluded
from the upper arch, and the jugal and quadratojugal from the
lower, which is formed entirely by the quadrate. The orbits are
placed far back in the skull, and the quadrate articulation is much
in front of them. The occiput is concave. Teeth occur only at
the extremity of the long muzzle; they are set close together, and
those of the upper jaw interlock with those of the lower jaw. The
notarium, the humerus, the decussation of the ulna by the radius,
the sternum, and femur all show divergence from other types.

240 Geological Soctety.

The wonderful preservation of the bones enables the mechanism
of the skull, joints, and movements of the limbs to be described.

The paper deals with the morphology, and institutes comparisons
with other types.

The evidence proves that it is necessary to form a new family,
and that Ornithodesmus has descended from a sub-order which
should include Scaphognathus and Dimorphodon. ‘The Author
suggests the withdrawal of these two genera from the Rhampho-
rhynchide, and the formation of a new sub-order; and also that
there are three entirely different phases of development shown in the
skulls of the known Ornithosauria, which permit of their division
into three sub-orders.

Measurements of the bones are given.

March 5th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘ The “ Kelloway Rock” of Scarborough.’ ByS.8. Buckman,
F.G.S.

The Author has studied the types of ammonites from the Kello-
way Rock described by Leckenby, preserved in the Sedgwick
Museum, Cambridge, and a series of Yorkshire Kelloway-Rock .
ammonites from the Museum of Practical Geology, London.
He has grouped these ammonites according to their different
matrices, and finds that they indicate several different zones.
These zones he arranges in sequence, and suggests how they may be
compared with the sections of Kelloway Rock of Scarborough given
by Leckenby and by Fox-Strangways. The exact order of the
zones is, in one or two cases, not considered to be proved, but the
paper is offered with the idea of indicating where further work is
required.

An examination of the ammonite fauna of the Yorkshire zones
shows that the so-called ‘ Kelloway Rock’ of Yorkshire is in part
contemporaneous with the Oxford Clay of the Midlands and the South
of England, and in part contains faunal facies not represented in
these areas, but peculiar to Yorkshire so far as England is con-
cerned; they show, however, some affinity with faunal facies in
Russia and in Normandy.

An examination of the list of species of ammonites recorded by
Fox-Strangways from the Oxford Clay of Yorkshire shows that the
Oxford Clay of Yorkshire itself is not in the main sequential to the
Kelloway Rock, but is contemporaneous with it, leading to the in-
ference that even in Yorkshire itself part of the Kelloway Rock is
only a local manifestation, and that it passes laterally into Oxford

Clay.
. A table of zones is given, in order to illustrate the contemporaneity
of the Kelloway Rock-Oxford Clay deposits of Yorkshire and the

Geological Society. 241

Midlands, while at the same time showing the various non-sequences
in both areas.

Some critical paleontological remarks are made concerning the
identification of certain species of ammonites, and a correction of
nomenclature is made, with a new name for a species misidentified
on account of homceomorphy. This leads to a few remarks on
development and homceomorphy, wherein an important difference
in the mode of development of certain Kelloway Rock-Oxford Clay
genera is pointed out, and it is remarked that there are three
methods of homceomorphy—(1) subparallel, the likeness of stocks
passing through similar stages; (2) transversal, the likeness of
stocks starting from different forms meeting at a cross-over or
collision-point; and (38) cyclical, the likeness of an anagenetic
to a catagenetic series.

2. ‘On Jurassic Ammonites from Jebel Zaghuan (Tunis).’ By
Leonard Frank Spath, B.Sc., F.G.S.

Jebel Zaghuan, the best-known and most conspicuous, though not
the highest, mountain of the Tunisian Atlas, is built up largely of
massive bluish-grey limestones of confused stratification which have
been referred to the Middle Lias on the evidence of badly-preserved
belemnites and Terebratule, notably ‘ Pygope’ aspasia, Columna sp.
Middle Liassic (Domerian) ammonites are now recorded for the
first time. A new classification of the Domerian genera of the
family Hildoceratide, to which the fossils from Jebel Zaghuan
belong, is proposed.

Moreover the ammonites collected by the Author afford sufficient
evidence of the presence of the zone of Reineckia anceps, which
occurs in Algeria, but had been supposed absent in Tunis together
with the other beds intervening between the Middle Lias and the
Corallian. The Middle Jurassic transgression must, therefore, have
begun in Lower Oxfordian times, since the deposits of that age
probably rest directly on the Domerian.

The upper zones of the Oxfordian, as well as the lower part of
the Corallian as interpreted by Mr. Buckman: that is, the cordatus
and pre-cordatus zones,seem to be absent, although there is a possi-
bility that they have been cut out by the extensive faulting, of which
the general calamitization seems to afford proof.

On the other hand, the Argovian, or zone of Peltoceras trans-
versarium, is very well represented. About seventy specimens were
collected at a locality called Sidi Bu Gubrin, but the list includes
forms from the transversarius zone mixed with some from the
* acanthicus’ beds. If we call to mind the curious: fact that, not
only in the Southern Alps, but also in Sicily the Argovian is very
well developed, to the exclusion of the higher beds of the Corallian,
followed without any apparent break by the ‘ acanthicus’ beds, it
appears quite probable that the two ‘ zones’ occur here in a similar
manner, and that the apparent mixture is not due to doubtful
identifications of badly-preserved specimens.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 17

242 Geological Society.

Most of the forms are certainly of Argovian age, and with regard
to the remainder the stratigraphical value is problematical. The
presence of the ‘ acanthicus zone,’ therefore, must remain doubtful,
although on the neighbouring Jebel Ben Saidan deposits of that age
occur, and indicate a third transgression in Central Tunis during
Kimmeridgian times, which brought back the sea and gave rise to
deposits of red ammonitic Knollenkalk exactly similar to that of
the Lower Oxfordian and the Argovian.

March 19th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Geology of Northern Peru: Tertiary and Quaternary
Beds.’ By Beeby Thompson, F.G.S8., F.C.S,

This paper deals with the physiography, physical history, and
geology of some 600 square miles of territory in the westernmost
part of South America, between the 4th and 5th degrees of south
latitude, and between the Andes and the sea.

The connexion between the surface-configuration of the district
and the arid nature of the climate is shown.

A description is given of the tablazos, raised beaches,
quebradas, and salinas, ete.

Then follows a physical history of the region, as told by the
rocks themselves, from early Eocene times to the present. <A great
uplift and folding of the rocks took place in late Oligocene or early
Miocene times, followed by a comparatively short terrestrial epoch.
A subsequent depression allowed of the deposition of Miocene and
possibly later beds.

In what may be considered as recent ages the area has been
spasmodically rising. It is shown that the elevation of the near
Andes is a comparatively recent event.

The series of rocks exposed probably attain a thickness of
5000 feet or more. The whole is divided into four groups of
formations—Recent, Miocene, Oligocene (?), and Eocene, and each
of these into sets of beds.

By far the most important of these groups of formations is the
Eocene, in part corresponding to the Tejon of the Coatinga district
of California. This yields abundance of fossils, and is the only
series of beds that yield oil. Eight paleontological zones in this
series are established. About 150 species of fossils are recorded,
of which the larger proportion are probably new species.

The origin of the petroleum is traced to animal organisms.

2. ‘The Internal Cranial Elements and Foramina of Dapedius
granulatus, from a Specimen recently found in the Lias at Char-
mouth.’ By George Allan Frost, F.G.S.

The specimen described was found near the formation known as
‘the fish-bed,’ in the semicostatus zone between Charmouth and

Geological Society. 243

Lyme Regis, and was embedded in an ovoid nodule of indurated
Lias.

Owing to the complete envelopment of the skull and its subse-
quent pyritization, the bones and delicate interorbital septum are
preserved in perfect condition, permitting the accurate delineation
of the openings for the nerves. The bones apparently are com-
pletely ossified, and the entire build is massive, the heavy outer
cartilage-bones receiving support internally from the well-developed
orbitosphenoids. The supraoccipital, which alone exhibits signs of
erosion, shows clearly the bony texture.

There is no foramen in the parasphenoid in front of the basi-
pterygoid processes, as in Lepidotus.

The basicranial canal differs from that in Ama calva, in its
extension to the rear of the skull, that in Amia ending in a
cul-de-sac half way.

The third, fourth, and fifth nerves in Dapedius have their most
probable entry through a large median opening between the
orbitosphenoids, and not as in Ama from the basicranial canal.

The opisthotics are stout and prominent bones, with an upward
inclination corresponding to that of the parasphenoid.

The foramina for the optic and olfactory nerves are clearly
shown, the latter nerve having been exposed for about two-fifths of
its course across the orbit, thereby differing from Amia and Lepi-
dotus, in both of which it is enclosed in canals,

There are two openings between each orbit and the nasal fossa.

The basioccipital exhibits a small condyle on each side, and is
produced posteriorly in a process above the entrance for the
notochord.

April 9th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Variation of Planorbis multiformis Bronn.’ By George
Hickling, D.Sc., F.G.S., Lecturer in Paleontology & Demonstrator
in Geology in the Victoria University of Manchester.

The writer gives an account of an investigation of the above-
named Miocene gasteropod, based on a suite of 532 specimens from a
single block of stone. The shells of this type from the Steinheim
deposits were formerly investigated by Steinmann, Hilgendorf,
Hyatt, and others, Many species and subspecies were founded by
those writers, who also constructed genetic series which were
described as following a stratigraphical sequence. The specimens
considered in the present paper include several of the species and
subspecies of Hyatt. Since, however, these individuals were clearly
all living together, and all the types appeared to pass one into the
other by insensible gradations, it seemed doubtful whether they
could properly be regarded as constituting more than a single

244 Geological Society.

species. Accordingly a study was made of the variation in height
presented by the shells, which include every gradation between
perfectly discoid forms and types with a spire the height of which
considerably exceeds the diameter of the base. By sorting the whole
of the shells into ten grades, according to height, it was shown
that forms of mean height were common, while extreme forms
were rare, the height being distributed, in fact, according to a
typical ‘variation-curve.’ If more than one species were really
present, it is in the highest degree improbable that the various
types should be distributed in the proportions actually found, and
this is taken as the most satisfactory proof possible of the specific
unity of the group.

It is shown that the shells also vary extensively in respect of the
amount of carination, the degree of involution, the form of cross-
section of the whorls, the form of aperture and the stage of develop-
ment at which various characters are acquired, the variation in each
character being, however, ‘continuous.’ The ontogeny of the
various characters is considered, and the species is shown to be
highly variable at an early stage, the mature characters being
largely independent of early variations.

A discussion is given of the bearing of the inquiry on the
stratigraphical application of paleeontological data.

2. *The Structure and Relationships of the Carbonicole.’
By Miss M. Colley March, M.Sc.

The evidence for the relationship of the Carbonicole to the Unionide,

based on shell-structure, muscle-scars, form, habitat, ligament, and
hinge-teeth appears insufficient. The first five of these characteristics
are shared with obviously unrelated groups. With regard to the
last—the teeth—as seen in developed specimens and reconstruc-
tions from sections, they seem to be absent. The hinge-apparatus
appears to consist of a cardinal plateau, grooved for the reception
of an internal ligament. The hinge-plate and lgamental groove
are absent in Carbonicola antigua, very poorly represented in C,
turgida and similar forms, and most highly developed in C. aquilina.
Another fact which argues against the relationship of the Unionide
to the Carbonicole is the absence of ornament in the latter group and
its presence in the former. This holds good whether the ornament
is considered to be due to the effect of the glochidial hooks in the
young shells, or to be the remains of ornament: because in the
former case it implies the absence of the glochidial stage, and in
the latter it implies descent from an unornamented ancestry.
_ The position of the Carbonicole appears to be unsettled, and to
be possibly quite different from that of any of the Pelecypoda yet
studied: because, according to Bernard’s work, the cardinal plateau
is developed subsequently to the hinge-teeth, while in the Carbonicole
it is acquired independently of them, specialization taking place in
the ligament, for the reception of which the plateau is developed
and specialized.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
(EIGHTH SERIES.)

No. 69. SEPTEMBER 1913.

XXIX.—A Report on the Eeatra-Antarctic Amphipoda
Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.” By Dororuy A.
Srewart, B.Sc., Platt Zoological Research Scholar, the
University of Manchester.

[Plates [V.—VII. ]

THE Amphipoda described below are, without exception,
representatives of the pelagic group Hyperiidea, which were
taken by the ‘ Discovery’ Antarctic Expedition in tropical
and subtropical waters during the year 1901 on the outward
journey to the Pole.

The majority of the specimens appear to have been captured
in surface tow-nets from localities in the tropical and South
Atlantic ; but there is, in addition, *a single specimen of a
subantarctic species, Hyperiella antarctica, from a more
southerly latitude.

The determination of the species of Hyperiidea in a
collection like the present one, consisting of isolated specimens
from scattered localities, is attended with considerable
difficulty—most of the species seem to be very imperfectly
known, and the whole group is badly in need of revision.
The material at hand is wholly inadequate to attempt such a
revision, and in the course of the work it has often been
necessary to identify specimens by locality rather than by
character, so trifling have been the points used in specitic
distinctions.

It is interesting to record the occurrence of an entirely new
genus, Hemiscelus, represented by a specimen taken in the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii, 18

246 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Hetra-Antarctic

S. tropical Atlantic, as well as two new species of Vibhzlia,
which have been added to the list of those already known.

‘The presence of several other already-known species in the
collection has also served to extend their geographical range
considerably southward.

It may be as well, before proceeding to a description of
the various types, to indicate clearly the terminology which
has been adopted throughout. In all Amphipoda, the first
thoracic appendages are modified to serve as additional
mouth-organs, and the second and third are slightly differen-
tiated from the succeeding ones, being more or less modified
for prehension—for these latter the terms first and second
gnathopods are used, the remaining five thoracic limbs being
designated as the third, fourth, fifth, siwth, and seventh legs
respectively.

‘he various joints or segments of the limbs are described
in their numerical order as the second (or basal) joint, therd,
fourth (or merus), fifth (or carpus), sixth (or propodus), and
seventh (or dactylus).

The classification adopted in the arrangement of the various
families is that used by Stebbing in his report on the
‘Challenger’ Amphipoda, the only differences being that the
genus Daitrella is placed in a distinct family, as proposed by
Vosseler, and the name of the family Trypheenide is changed
to Lycide, as suggested by Sars.

The collection is the property of the British Museum
(Natural History).

The examination of the specimens has been carried out in
the Zoological Laboratories of the University of Manchester,
under the direction of Prof. 8. J. Hickson, F.R.S., to whom
I am indebted for many helpful suggestions.

I desire also to express my thanks to Dr. W. M. Tattersall
for permitting me in the first place to examine the collection,
for his continual guidance and encouragement during the
preparation of this paper, and for his valuable assistance in
the final revision and arrangement.

Tribe HYPERIIDEA.
Family Vibiliide.
Genus ViBILIA, Milne-Edwards.
Vibilia propingua, Stebbing, 1888.

Vibilia propinqua, Vosseler, 1901.
Vibilia propingua, Stebbing, 1904.

Locality. Lat. 13° 59'S., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th, 1901

(near Bahia), two females,

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the * Discovery 247

Stebbing (1904) quotes as a feature to distinguish this
species from V, jeangerardé the fact that the second and third
ural segments are coalesced.

Chevreux (1900) has pointed out that in V. jeangerardi
the second and third ural segments are fused in the centre,
but free at the edges—a fact which Stebbing (1904) corrobo-
rates and which is borne out by the specimens in the present
collection,

In V. propinqua, however, exactly the same thing occurs,
and from an examination of’ several species it would appear
that this partial fusion of the last two ural segments is of
frequent occurrence among different species of Vibilia. It
can therefore hardly be regarded as of any value as a specific
character.

Distribution, North Pacific (Stebbing) ; S. Atlantic, Guinea
Stream, and Sargasso Sea (Vosseler) ; Bay of Biscay (Steb-
bing) ; West coast of Ireland (Tattersall).

Vibilia viatrixz, Bovallius.
Vibiha viatriz, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Locality. Lat. 15° 142 8., long. 33° 114 W., Sept. 10th,
1901 (near Bahia), male and female.

Bovallius (1887), when describing the species, remarks
that “the second and third ural segments are free, not
coalesced”? ; and Stebbing (1888), in describing a specimen
closely resembling that of Bovallius, constitutes a separate
species, V. viator, on the ground that it is distinct in having
the second and third ural segments fused.

Among the forms in the present collection, however, which
agree in all other essential points with that figured and
described by Bovallius, we find the same peculiarity as in
V. propingua and V. jeangerard?, i. e. the second and third
ural segments are fused at the centre, but free at the margins.
It will thus be seen that this character is of fairly common
occurrence,

Distribution. Very widespread. N. and §&. Atlantic,
tropical Pacific, and Indian Ocean (Bovallius). Recorded by
Stebbing (1888) from “ Cape York.”

Vibilia jeangerard?, Lucas.
Vibilia jeangerardi, Lucas, 1845.
Vibilia jeangerardi, Marion, 1874.
Vibiha jeangerardi, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).
Locality. Off Madeira, one female.
Chevreux (1900) has drawn attention to the partial fusion
rae

248 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Extra-Antarctic

of the last two ural segments, which has already been dealt
with in this paper.

In the structure of the seventh leg, to which he also drew
attention, the ‘ Discovery’ specimen agrees in having the
last joint shorter than the penultimate one.

Distribution. The Atlantic, the Mediterranean (Bovallius) ;
N. Atlantic Ocean (Chevreux) ; Sargasso Sea and tropical
Atlantic (Vosseler).

Vibilia serrata, sp.n. (PI. 1V.; Pl. V. figs. 1-6.)

Localities. Lat. 54° 3' S., long. 34° 85’ W., Dec. 17th,
1903, surface (off St. Georgia), two males. Lat. 86°274' 5.,
long. 8° 20’ W., Sept. 24th, 1901, one male. Lat. obs.
37° 47' S., long. 8° 59’ E., Sept. 28th, 1901 (near Tristan da
Sunha), one male.

Body (P|. 1V.) fairly broad and stoutly built ; pleon sharply
distinct from the pereion.

Head rostrate, about twice as deep as long, and considerably
longer than the first two pereional segments.

Pereion rounded, not carinate ; equal in length to the
pleon.

Epimeral plates of the pleon of considerable size and
covering about half the peduncles of the pleopods ; lower
margins deeply serrated, the number of teeth being greater
on the second and third than on the first plate.

Eyes extremely large, occupying the entire lateral portions
of the head; deeply pigmented.

First antenne (PI. V. fig. 1) having the basal joint of the
peduncle longer than the other two together; the first joint
of the flagellum half as long again as the head, broad and
oval at the base, and becoming thin and tapering at the apex ;
terminal joints two in number and very minute.

Second antenne (Pl. V. fig. 2) seven-jointed, of which
the fifth is the longest ; the anterior border of all the joints
bearing numerous small bristles.

First gnathopods (Pl. V. fig. 3) simple, slightly shorter
than the second ; basal joint of considerable breadth; merus
with a prominent seta at the hinder edge of the lower
border ; carpus considerably broader than the propodus, but
about the same length, the corners of the distal border
feebly produced ; curved inner border of the propodus finely
serrated ; dactylus stoutly built and half as long as the
Da ee having the inner margin finely serrate.

econd gnathopods (Pl. V. fig. 4): basal joint long and
somewhat linear ; merus having the hinder border fringed

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ 249

with one or two long sete ; carpal process half as long as the
propodus, serrated on its inner distal margin ; hinder margin
of the propodus bearing numerous fine serrations ; curved edge
of the dactylus finely serrated.

Third and fourth legs about equal in length; merus as
long as, but slightly broader than, the carpus, the anterior
border slightly produced at its distal end ; propodus a little
longer than the carpus, serrated on its hinder margin,
which bears numerous small sete ; dactylus slightly curved,
about half as long as the propodus.

Fifth and sixth legs considerably longer than the third and
fourth ; basal joint broad and ovate ; merus slightly shorter
than the carpus ; propodus very long and linear, as long as
the two preceding joints ; the anterior border of the merus,
carpus, and propodus bearing numerous small sete; dac-
tylus feebly curved, about } of the length of the propodus.

Seventh leg (Pl. V. fig. 5): basal joint almost as long and
quite as broad as those of the preceding limbs ; the anterior
border with four strong sete ; remaining joints remarkably
reduced in size, forming an almost inconspicuous appendage ;
the entire limb reaching to about 4 of the length of the fifth
and sixth legs.

Pileon equal in length to, but slightly deeper than, the
pereion ; pleopods with the peduncles a little shorter than the
rami.

The urus: second and third ural segments free, not
coalesced ; hinder corners of the last ural segment slightly
produced backwards.

First pair of uropoda: peduncles about equal in length to
the rami; both rami with serrated margins.

Second pair of uropoda not reaching to the apex of the
third pair ; peduncles considerably shorter than the rami ;
outer ramus slightly shorter and narrower than the inner ;
both rami with serrated margins.

Third pair of uropoda: peduncles longer than the rami;
both rami with fine serrations on the inner and outer margins.

Telson (Pl. V. fig. 6) semicircular, about + as long as the
peduncles of the last uropods,

Length, excluding antenne, 8 mm.

Vibilia serrata may be easily recognized by the serrations
on the epimeral plates and by the curious structure of the
seventh leg, which is quite unlike that found in any other
species of this genus, with the exception of V. hodgsont, which
will be described later. ;

The large size of the eyes is a distinguishing feature,
although it is possible that this may be a sexual character, as

250 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Hxtra-Antarctic

the specimens at my disposal are all males; however that
may be, the two features mentioned above will serve to
distinguish this species from any hitherto described.

The first antenna is very distinctive in appearance,
having the basal joint of the flagellum broad and oval, but
tapering towards the apex, and the curious form of the second
antenna is also worthy of note, the fourth and fifth joints
being strikingly longer than the others; this, again, is
probably a character peculiar to the male.

In the possession of a small rostrum and in the size of the
eyes this species resembles V. maeropis, Bovallius, but the
first and second antenne in the two forms are entirely
different, and may easily serve to distinguish them.

‘he shape of the last ural segment, which has the hinder
corners produced backwards, suggests V. gracilenta, and here
again the exceptioual size of the eyes only serves to increase
the resemblance.

Vibilia longipes, Bovallius.
Vibilia longipes, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Localities. Lat. D.R.10° 32’ S., long. 32° 29’ W., Sept. 7th,
1901, one male. Lat. 12° 27'S., long. 33° 33’ W., Sept. 8th,
1901 (8. Atlantic, near Pernambuco), one male.

Distribution. The §S. Atlantic, the Pacific (Bovallius) ;
South Hquatorial current (Vosseler).

Vililia armata, Bovallius.
Wbilia armata, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Localities. Lat. 36° 034’ S., long. 12° 502’ E., Oct. 1st,
1901, two males. Lat. 35° 143’ S., long. 15° 112’ E.,
Oct. 2nd, 1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), one male.

Distribution. ‘Tropical and §, Atlantic (Bovallius) ; the
Mediterranean (Vosseler) ; Bay of Biscay (Stebbing) ; West
coast of Ireland ( Tattersall).

Vibilia gracilenta, Bovallius.
Vibilia gracilenta, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Locality. Lat. 35° 142’ 8., long. 15° 112’ E., Oct. 2nd,
1901 (oft the Cape of Good Hope), one male.

In this specimen the produced hinder corners of the last
wal segment are not so long as those in the form figured and
described by Bovallius, 1887 (2) ; but in all other respects the
‘ Discovery’ form is in close agreement with his description.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ 251

The above locality would appear to be the most southerly
yet recorded for the species. Vosseler (1901) reports it from
the 8. Atlantic, but remarks that its occurrence there requires
further confirmation.

Distribution. The Atlantic (Bovallius) ; Gulf of Florida,
N. and 8. Equatorial currents (Vosseler).

Vibilia hodgsoni, sp.n. (PI. VI. figs. 1-6.)

Locality. Lat. 36° 032’ S., long. 12° 502’ E., Oct. 1st,
1901 (near the Cape of Good Hope), one male.

Body comparatively small, but compact.

Head (P}. VI. fig. 1) fairly short, rostrate, having the front
recurved over the origin of the antennee.

Coxal plates rectangular, of uniform depth, those of the
third and fourth legs considerably shorter than the others ;
hinder corners of the fifth and sixth plates produced to a
point.

Epimeral plates of the pleon with the hinder margins feebly
serrated.

Eyes rather small, occupying the centre of the lateral part
of the head; corneal facets large and rounded.

First antenne (Pl. VI. fig. 1): first joint of the peduncle
stouter than the two following and longer than either ; first
(and only) joint of the flagellum slightly longer than the
head, broad, almost oval in shape, with a blunt apex, and
having one or two small sete on the inferior border.

Second antenne (Pl. VI. fig. 1) five-jointed, having the
third and fourth joints the longest ; numerous short sete on
the anterior border of all the joints.

First gnathopods (P|. VI. fig. 2) simple, slightly shorter
than the second; basal joint broad, but linear; posterior
border of the merus and carpus bearing numerous small
setee; hinder border of the propodus serrated ; dactylus
stout and slightly curved.

Second gnathopods (PI. VI. fig. 3) with basal joint fairly
narrow and longer than that of the preceding leg; merus
almost as long as the carpus, narrower at the distal than the
proximal end, and with eight strong sete on the posterior
border ; carpus slightly broader than the merus; carpal
process half as long as the propodus, serrated on its inner
margin and terminating in a small stout spine; propodus
almost as long as the carpus, the inner border serrated ;
dactylus stout and strongly curved.

Third and fourth legs almost equal in length, having the
basal joint linear; merus long and narrow, broadest at the

25g Miss D. A. Stewart on the Evtra-Antaretic

distal end, the anterior edge with one or two small sete ;
carpus about equal in length to the basal joint, but slightly
narrower ; propodus curved, slightly longer than the carpus,
having numerous short sete: on its hinder border; dactylus
stout, almost straight, about + as long as the propodus.

Lijfth and siath legs considerably longer than the third and
fourth ; basal joint broad and laminate, with three sete on
the lower part of the anterior border ; merus long and narrow,
resembling the carpus in shape; propodus stout, rather
shorter than the carpus, finely serrated’ on the lower half
of the anterior border ; dactylus short and stout.

Seventh leg (Pl. VI. fig. 4) very distinctive in appearance ;
basal joint extremely large in proportion to the remaining
ones, having the lower hinder corner considerably produced
and reaching to about half the length of the merus; lower
part of the anterior border bearing six prominent sete.
Remaining joints comparatively uniform in structure ; merus
with a large seta on the anteiior and posterior borders;
carpus and propodus with their anterior margins serrated ;
dactylus stout, equal in length to the propodus.

Pleon not sharply marked off from the pereion. Peduncles
of the pleopods shorter than the rami.

The urus (Pl. VI. fig. 6) having the second and third
segments coalesced at the centre, but free at the margins ;
second segment only half as broad as the first and third ;
hinder corners of the last segment slightly produced back-
wards.

First pair of uropods with the peduncles linear, about
twice as long as the rami; both rami equal in length, with
broad serrations on the margins, more numerous on the outer
than on the inner margin. .

Second pair of uropods considerably shorter than the first ;
peduncles not quite as long as the rami; outer ramus slightly
shorter than the inner, and both having serrated margins,
with the serrations finer and more numerous on the inner
margin.

Third pair of wropods having the peduncles broad and
fairly stout, about the length of the rami; inner rami stout,
rounded at the distal ends, with their inner margins finely
serrated ; outer rami narrower, broad at the base but tapering
to a point, and having numerous serrations on the inner
margin and a few small sete on the outer one.

Telson (Pl. VI. fig. 6) broad and tongue-shaped, about half
as long as the peduncles of the last uropods.

Length, excluding antenne, 6 mm.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the * Discovery 253

The nearest allies of this species would seem to be V. jean-
gerard and V. longipes.

It resembles the former in the possession of a rostrate head
and in the fusion of the second and third ural segments,
while the length of the fifth and sixth walking-legs in rela-
tion to the preceding ones recalls V. longipes.

From both these forms V. hodgsoni is quite distinct, in
that (1) the hinder corners of the last ural segment are
distinctly produced backward, and (2) the seventh walking-
leg is of aberrant and quite characteristic shape.

It is curious to notice that in two points (viz. the curious
structure of the seventh leg and the serrated epimeral plates)
this species presents some resemblance to V. serrata; but it
is easily distinguished by (1) the form of the first antenna,
(2) the feebler serrations on the margins of the epimeral
plates, and (3) the form of the seventh leg, which has the
hinder portion of the inferior margin considerably produced
downwards.

It is to be regretted that in the present collection there is
no female of this species or of V. serrata.

Family Paraphronimidz, Bovallius.

Genus ParRAPHRONIMA, Claus.

Paraphronima gracilis, Claus.
Paraphronima gracilis, Claus, 1879.

Locality. Lat. 17° 15’ §., long. 32° 05’ W., Nov. 9th,
1901 (S. Atlantic, between Bahia and Rio de Janeiro), one
male, length 8-5 mm.

Distribution. ‘Tropical and temperate regions of the At-
lantic ; the northern temperate and the tropical regions of the

Pacific (Bovallius, Stebbing) ; the Azores (Chevreuz).

Paraphronima crassipes, Claus.

Paraphronima crassipes, Claus, 1879.
Paraphronima clypeata, Bovyallius, 1885 & 1889.
Paraphronima pectinata, Bovallius, 1887.

Localities. Lat. obs. 37° 47’ S., long. 3° 59’ E., Sept. 28th,
1901, one female, length 11 mm. Lat. obs. 37° 33?’ S.,
long. 6° 09’ E., Sept. 29th, 1901 (between Tristan da Cunha
and the Cape of Good Hope), twelve specimens, average
length 12 mm.

In addition to the other sexual differences which have been

254 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Hxtra- Antarctic

described as occurring in the genus, it is worthy of note that
the males have somewhat longer mandibular palps than the
females.

Distribution. Tropical Atlantic (Bovallius) ; the Mediter-
ranean (Claus).

Family Dairellide.

Genus DAIRELLA, Bovallius.

Dairella latissima, Bovallius.

Dairella latissima, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & 1889.
Dairella bovallii, Stebbing, 1888.
Dairella latissima, Vosseler, 1901.

Locality. Lat. 37° 332’ S., long. 6° 09’ E., Sept. 29th,
1901 (between Tristan da Cunha and the Cape of Good
Hope), one female, length 9°0 mm.

Distribution. ‘Temperate and tropical Atlantic (Bovallius) ;
S. Equatorial current and the Mediterranean (Vosseler) ; West
coast of Ireland (Tattersall) ; the Mediterranean (Chevreux).

Family Phronimide.

Genus PHRONIMA, Latreille.

Phronima sedentaria, Forskal.

Phronima sedentaria, Forsk. 1775.
Phronima sedentaria, Vosseler, 1901.

Locality. Off Madeira, Aug. 14th, 1901, a full-grown male,
11 mm., a young female, 8 mm., and three immature
specimens.

Distribution. Widespread in the \tropical and temperate
seas, and recorded from around the British coasts by Bate
and Westwood, Walker, and Tattersall.

Phronima stebbingt, Vosseler.

Phronima stebbingi, Vosseler, 1901.
Phronima pacifica, Stebbing, 1888.
Phronima pacifica, Bovallius, 1889.

Localities. Lat. 28° 25’ 8., long. 23° 56’ W., Sept. 17th,
1901, male and female, 8 mm. Lat. 30° 43/8., long. 21° 36/
W., Sept. 18th, 1901 (N. of Tristan da Cunha), one female,
7mm. Lat. 37° 332’ S., long. 6° 09’ E., Sept. 29th, 1901
(between ‘Tristan da Cunha and the Cape of Good Hope),
two females, 7 mm.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery. 255

Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Pacific
(Bovallius) ; Florida Stream, Sargasso Sea, Guinea Stream,
and the N. and 8. Equatorial currents (Vosseler); off Sierra
Leone (Stebbing) ; the Mediterranean (Chevreux).

Family Hyperiide.
Genus Hyperta, Latreille.
Hyperia galba (Montagu).

Locality. Off Madeira, one female, 18 mm.

Distribution. Arctic region of Atlantic and the Bank of
Newfoundland (Bovallius and Vosseler) ; N.andS. temperate
Atlantic, the tropical Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, and the Medi-
terranean (Bovallius).

In addition, it has a widespread distribution around the
British and Irish coasts,

Lyperia vosseleri, Stebbing.
Lestrigonus fabret, Milne-Edwards.
Hyperia fabret, Bovallius, 1889.
Hyperia vosseleri, Stebbing, 1904.

Locality. Lat. 15° 453’ S., long. 33° 114’ W., Sept. 10th,
1901 (near Bahia), male and female, 3 mm.

Distribution. ‘Vropical Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and the
Indian Ocean (Bovallius) ; the coast of Algeria (Chevreuz) ;
Florida Stream, Sargasso Sea, Guinea Stream, and W. and
S. Equatorial currents (Vosseler).

Hyperia luzont, Stebbing.
Hyperia luzoni, Stebbing, 1888,

Localities. Lat. 18° 59 S., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th,
1901 (near Bahia), one male, 3mm. Lat. obs, 28° 25/ Si,
long. 23°56’ W., Sept. 17th, 1901 (N. of Tristan da Cunha),
one male, 4 mm. Lat. 56° 30/ S., long, 169°. 30' E.,
Dec. 19th (S. of New Zealand), one male, 4 mm.

The last locality is the most southerly yet recorded for the
species.

Distribution. China Sea, the Philippines (Stebbing, 1888) ;
Sargasso Sea, N.and S. Equatorial currents (Vosseler) ; Bay
of Biscay (Stebbing, 1904).

Hyperia schizogeneios, Stebbing.

Hyperta schizogeneios, Stebbing, 1888.
Hyperia schizogeneios, Boyallius, 1889.

256 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Extra-Antarctic
Locality. Lat. obs. 13° 59’ S., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th,

1901 (near Bahia), one female, 2°5 mm.

Distribution. ‘Tropical Atlantic (Bovallius) ; the temperate
Atlantic and the Mediterranean (Chevreux) ; the Equatorial
currents, the Gulf of Guinea, and the Gulf Stream (Vosseler).

Genus HYPERIELLA, Bovallius.

Hyperiella antarctica, Bovallius.

Hyperiella antarctica, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & 1889,
Hyperiella antarctica, Stebbing, 1888.

Locality. Lat. 56° 30’ S., long. 169° 30’ E., Dec. 19th,
1903, one male, 8 mm., at surface in dredge. Temp. of
air 40°, sea 107° Fahr.

This form agrees in general appearance and in structural
details with the description of HH. antarctica given by
Bovallius (1889), and the form of the uropods particularly is in
close agreement with his figure. It is curious, however, to
notice the presence of distinct spines on the three segments of
the metasome, a character quoted by Stebbing (1888) as being
representative of H. dilatata.

It may also be remarked that Walker (1907) has recorded
the capture of H. dilatata from the winter-quarters of the
‘Discovery? Expedition.

Distribution. '‘Vhe American Antarctic region, lat. 58° 40’S.,
long. 76° W. (Bovallius).

Genus HYPERIOIDES, Chevreux.

Hyperioides longipes, Chevreux.

Hyperioides longipes, Chevreux, 1900.

Locality. Lat. 37° 332’ 8., long. 6° 09’ E., Sept. 29th,
1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), eight examples, 5-7 mm.

This record of the occurrence of the species indicates a
considerable southerly extension of its geographical range.

Distribution. Temperate and tropical Atlantic (Chevreux
and Vosseler) ; the Mediterranean (Vosseler and Chevreuz) ;
Bay of Biscay (Stebbing); W. coast of Ireland (Walker and
Tattersall).

Genus EuTHEMISTO, Bovallius.

Euthemisto bispinosa, Boeck.

Locality. Lat. 35° 10’ 8., long. 13° 40’ W., Sept. 22nd,
1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), one female, 13 mm.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the‘ Discovery.” 257

Distribution. General throughout the N. Atlantic and
Arctic Oceans and the North Sea.

Its occurrence, therefore, in these latitudes is interesting
as being the most southerly yet recorded.

Euthemisto compressa, Goés.

Localities. Lat. 35° 10’ S., long. 13° 40’ W., Sept. 22nd,
1901, eleven specimens, average length 14mm. Lat. D.R.
36° 272’ S., long. 8° 20’ W., Sept. 24th, 1901 (near Tristan
da Cunha), numerous small specimens, average length 6-5 mm.

Distribution, General in the N. Atlantic and Arctic Oceans
and the North Sea.

Several small specimens of an Euthemisto were taken at
the following locality :—

Lat. 62° 8’ S., long. 170° 45/ E., Dec. 22nd, 1903, at the
surface,

These are in such bad condition that it is impossible to
identify them with any certainty ; but in all probability they
belong to E. gaudichaudii, Guérin, which has been recorded
by Walker (1907) from lat. 54° 01/ S., long. 170° 49’ E., to
lat. 63° 04’ 8., long. 175° 43’ E.

Genus PARATHEMISTO, Boeck.

Parathemisto oblivia, Kroyer.

Locality. Lat. 15° 452/ S., long. 33° 111’ W.,, Sept. 9th,
1901, one female, 3°5 mm.

The specimen is considerably damaged, and igs conse-
quently difficult to identify with any certainty.

Distribution. Arctic region, Greenland, W. coast of
Norway, and N. temperate region ; coast of Great Britain
(Bovallius) ; Gulf Stream (Vosseler) ; Bay of Biscay (Sted-
bing) ; coast of France and Spain (Chevreux).

Family Phrosinide, Stebbing.
Genus Purosina, Risso.

Phrosina semilunata, Risso.

Localities. Off Madeira, an adult female and two young
specimens. Lat. 35° 141’ §,, long. 15° 113’ E., Oct. 10th,
1901 (near the Cape of Good Hope), two females.

Distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, and

258 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Latra-Antarctic

Pacific (Bovallius) ; Gulf of Florida, Sargasso Sea, N. Equa-
torial current, Gulf of Guinea, and the Gulf Stream (Vos-
seler); Atlantic Ocean, around the Azores (Chevreu’).

Genus Primno, Guérin.

Primno macropa, Guérin.

Euprimno macropus, Bovallius, 1887 (1).
Primno macropa, Stebbing, 1904.

Locality. Lat. D.R. 36° 273'S., long. 8° 20’ W., Sept. 24th,
1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), one female, 6 mm.

Distribution. Tropical and subtropical regions of the
Atlantic and Pacific, the Indian Ocean, the Australian
Antarctic region (Bovallius) ; S. Pacific (Stebling, 1888) ;
the North Atlantic (Chevreux and Vosseler) ; Bay of Biscay
(Stebbing, 1904).

Genus ANCHYLOMERA, Milne-Edwards.

Anchylomera blossevillei, Milne-Hdwards.

Locality. Lat. 19° 13’ S., long. 39° 35’ W., Sept. 12th,
1901 (ear Bahia), female, 775 mm.

Distribution. The Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean,
the Pacific, and the Antarctic region (Bovallius) ; N. Atlantic
(Vosseler and Chevreuz).

Family Typhide, Dana.
Genus PLATYSCELUS, Spence Bate.

Platyscelus armatus, Claus.

Eutyphis armatus, Claus, 1879.
Eutyphis armatus, Bovallius, 1887 (1).

Locality. Lat. 15° 453’ S., long. 33° 113’ W., Sept. 9th,
1901 (near Bahia), male and female, 2 mm.

Distribution. Atlantic and Indian Oceans, coast of Chili and
Zanzibar (Claus); N. Pacitic and N. Atlantic (Stebbing).

In addition the collection contains one specimen with the
label missing, which I judge to be P. armatus, var. inermis.
This form lacks the characteristic projection of the fifth
epimeral plate, and the structure of the gnathopods differs
slightly from the description of Claus, the metacarpus of the
second pair being acutely narrowed at the apex, not rounded
as in Claus’s figure (1887).

Or
©

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ 2:

Genus Hemitypuis, Claus.

Hemityphis tenuimanus, Claus.

Hemityphis tenuimanus, Claus, 1879.
Dithyrus tenuimanus, Boyallius, 1887 (1).
Hemityphis tenuimanus, Claus, 1887.
Hemityphis tenuimanus, Stebbing, 1888.

Localities. Lat. 35° 10' S., long. 13° 40’ W., Sept. 22nd,
1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), one male, 5 mm. Lat.
15° 453’ S., long. 33° 114’ W. , Sept. 10th, 1901 (near Bahia),
one, immature.

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean and the Cape of Good Hope
(Claus) ; the Pacific Ocean and the N. Atlantic (Stebbing) ;
off the Azores (Chevreuz).

Genus PARATYPHIS, Claus.
Paratyphis parvus, Claus.
Paratyphis parvus, Claus, 1887.
Locality. Lat. obs. 13° 59’S8., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th,

1901; one female, 3 mm.

Distribution. Lagos, the Atlantic Ocean (Claus) ; off the
Azores (Chevreux).

The above is therefore the most southerly record yet
obtained for this species.

Family Scelide, Claus.
Genus HEMISCELUS, nov.

First and second gnathopods with the carpal joint produced
so that both limbs are subcheliform.

Laminar basal joint of the sixth leg without a sickle-shaped
slit.

Seventh leg elongate and completely developed.

As I had only a single specimen at my disposal, the
mouth-organs were not dissected out.

In many respects this form closely approaches Schizo-
scelus ornatus, Claus; but the possession of a subcleliform
first gnathopod serves to distinguish it. Another point of
difference is the absence of the pocket-like slit on the first
joint of the sixth leg, which is so characteristic a feature of
Schizoscelus.

A cursory examination of the gnathopods might induce
one to regard the present specimen as a member of the

260 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Extra- Antarctic

Typhide, but the structure of the seventh leg is totally
unlike that of any representative of this family with which
it might otherwise be confused. ‘The general shape of the
body, the structure of the appendages, and formation of the
uropods and telson seem to indicate that it occupies a position
intermediate between the genera Huscelus and Schizoscelus,
approaching the former in the shape of the gnathopods and
the latter in the general form of the urosome and telson.

Hemiscelus diplochelatus, gen. et sp. n.
(Pl. VIL. figs. 1-9.)

Locality. Lat. obs. 15° 453' S., long. 33° 114’ W., Sept.
10th, 1901 (near Bahia), one female, 2 mm.

Body broad and stoutly built, pereion slightly arched.

Head short, flattened in front, slightly deeper than the
anterior thoracic segments.

Eyes large, not reaching to the dorsal surface of the head.

Coxal plates sharply distinct from the thoracic segments,
rectangular in shape, with the hinder corners sharply
produced backwards.

First gnathopods (Pl. VII. fig. 1) with the basal joint about
as long as the rest of the limb together and having one
small seta on the anterior border; merus not produced ;
carpus broad, with five small sete on the hinder margin ;
carpal projection minutely serrated, about half as long as the
propodus ; dactylus stout, slightly curved, about one-third of
the length of the propodus.

Second gnathopods (Pl. VII. fig. 2) with the branchial
vesicle oval, slightly broader than the basal joint, but not
quite as long; basal jot narrow and almost rectangular,
considerably longer than that of the preceding pair ; merus
somewhat broader than the third joint, having the two ante-
rior corners slightly produced, and a long subapical seta on
the hind margin ; carpal projection serrated, almost as long
as the propodus ; dactylus slender, tapering to a fine point,
and strongly curved.

Third and fourth pairs of legs (Pl. VII. figs. 3 & 4) with
the branchial vesicles slightly longer than the linear basal
joint ; merus somewhat widened in the distal portion ; carpus
shorter than the merus, lower front corner not produced ;
propodus slightly curved, narrower than the carpus ; dactylus
stout and strongly curved.

Fifth pair of legs (Pl. VII. fig. 5) having the basal joint
longer than in the third and fourth, and broadly ovate, with

Amphipoda Hyperidea collected by the ‘ Discovery. 261

the front margin descending below the hind margin; third
joint very short; merus slightly longer than the carpus and
widest in its middle portion ; propodus abruptly narrowed
and slightly curved ; dactylus slender and tapering, equal in
length to the propodus.

Siath patr of legs (P|. VII. fig. 6) with the last three joints
missing in the present specimen; basal joint broad and
laminar, considerably longer than that of the preceding pair,
and slightly wider in the upper than in the lower portion;
posterior margin more convex than the anterior ; merus
about equal in length to the third joint, widening somewhat
towards its lower border.

Seventh pair of legs (Pl. VII. fig. 7) about equal in length
when in a folded position to the basal joint of the sixth pair,
and very slenderly built ; basal joint not quite so long as
the remaining ones and narrowing somewhat towards the
distal end ; merus considerably longer than the two following
joints together and slightly broader than either ; carpus and
propodus almost equal in size, the latter having a small
hooked finger at its apex (Pl. VII. fig. 8).

Pleopods with the peduncles shorter than the rami.

Uropods having all the rami comparatively smooth, with
the exception of a few minute pectinations around the apices.

Peduncles of the first pair equal in length to the rami;
rami lanceolate, reaching below the telson.

Peduncles of the second pair longer than the rami; inner
ramus almost twice as long and slightly broader than the
outer.

Pedunceles of the third pair slightly shorter than the inner
ramus ; inner ramus twice as long and fully twice as broad
as the outer.

Telson (PI. VII. fig. 9) broadly triangular, with rounded

apex and minutely pectinated margin.

Genus SCHIZOSCELUS, Claus.

Schizoscelus ornatus, Claus.
Schizoscelus ornatus, Claus, 1879.
Locality. Lat. 13° 59’ 8., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th,
1901, one female.
Distribution. The Atlantic Ocean (Claus) ; the Philippine
Islands (Stebbing); between the Azores and Newfoundland
(Chevreur).

Ann. &: May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 19

262 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Evtra- Antarctic

Family Pronoide.
Genus Eupronos, Claus.

Eupronoé armata, Claus.

Eupronoé armata, Claus, 1879.

Localities. Lat. D.R. 10° 32’ 8., long. 32°29’ W., Sept. 7th,
1901, one male, 8 mm., and two females (immature). Lat.
13° 59 8., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th, 1901, two females,
3mm.

The specimens from the latter locality resemble EL. armata
in the general shape of the body and appendages, but differ
in the form of the seventh leg, which has the terminal joint
elongate.

It is possible that they may be forms of L. intermedia,
Stebbing, but I prefer to regard them as immature /. armata.

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean, Zanzibar (Claus) ; the
Azores (Chevreuaz). Walker has recently reported its capture
in the Indian Ocean.

Family Lyceide.
Genus BRACHYSCELUS, Spence Bate.

Brachyscelus crusculum, Spence Bate.

Thamyris mediterranea, Claus, 1879.

Locality. Lat. 28° 25’ S., long.. 23° 56’ W., Sept. 17th,
1901 (N. of Tristan da Cunha), one male, 6*5 mm.

Distribution. Mediterranean (Claus, Chevreux, and Vos-
seler) ; the Atlantic (Stebbing and Chevreux) ; N. Pacific
(Stebbing) ; West coast of Ireland (Walker and Tattersall).

The present locality, therefore, would appear to be the
most southerly yet recorded for the species.

Genus Lycaa, Dana.

Lycea vincentii, Stebbing.
Lycea vincentti, Stebbing, 1888.

Localities. Off Madeira, one male, length 8 mm. Lat,
13° 59’ S., long. 34° 35' W., Sept. 9th, 1901, young female,
2°5 mm,

This specimen agrees very well with Stebbing’s figures of
L. vincentii, especially as regards the structure of the seventh
leg.
"The characters separating L. vincentii, Stebbing, from

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ 263

L. robusta, Claus, and ZL, pulex, Marion, to judge from
published descriptions and figures, do not seem very con-
vincing, and I have been led to refer my specimen to
L. vincentit mainly because the locality of capture agrees
with that of the type, rather than because I am convinced of
its separate specific identity from L. robusta and L. pulex.

Distribution. Off St. Vincent and the Cape Verde Islands
(Stebbing).

Lycea sp.

Locality. Lat. 15° 454’ 8., long. 33° 11)’ W., Sept. 10th,
1901, one female. .

In this specimen the entire urus is missing, so that it is
impossible to identify it with any certainty. In all proba-
bility it is Z. vincentit.

Family Oxycephalidez, Spence Bate. ~
Genus STREETSIA, Stebbing.

Streetsta washingtoni, Senna ?

Locality. Lat. 19° 13’8., long. 39° 35’ W., Sept. 12th,
1901 (S. Atlantic, between Bahia and Rio de Janeiro), one
male, 19 mm.

In many respects this form approaches closely to S. steb-
bing’, Chevreux (1900), but it differs in several important
points, chief amongst which are: (1) the presence of serrations
on the under margin of the head ; (2) the inferior margin of
the propodus ef the first gnathopod is minutely serrated,
whereas in S. stebbingi it bears four large teeth; (3) the
carpus of the first gnathopod has four large teeth on the
palmar margin, instead of only one, and the teeth on the
propodus are more pronounced ; (4) the inner distal corner of
the peduncle of the second uropod is produced into a tooth
instead of being rounded.

In general appearance and in the structure of the appendages
the specimen is in close agreement with S. washingtoni,
Senna (1902), but here, again, minor differences occur: (1) the
serrations on the rostrum cover a considerably larger area
than is represented in Senna’s figure, extending at least to
the commencement of the eye ; (2) the first gnathopod has
several minute serrations on the inferior margin of the pro-
podus; (3) the teeth on the propodus of the second gnatho-
pod are more pronounced than those of Senna’s specimen.

The rami of the uropods are unfortunately missing, and

19*

264 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Extra-Antaretic

they are a feature which might have materially assisted in
the identification.

The only other known species possessing a serrated ros-
trum is 8. challengeri, Stebbing (1888), but the form of the
urosome in the ‘ Discovery’ specimen is totally different
from that of the former, the last ural segment being approxi-
mately equal in length to the telson, whereas that of
S. challengeri is only half as long as the telson.

On the whole, the specimen is far more in agreement with
S. washington? than with either of the other forms, and I am
inclined to regard it as representing that species.

Distribution. The Mediterranean (Senna).

Genus DorycEePHALUS, Bovallius.

Dorycephalus hndstrémt, Bovallius.

Leptocotis lindstroemt, Bovallius, 1887 (1).
Dorycephalus lindstroemt, Bovallius, 1890.

Locality. Lat. 19° 13’ S., long. 39°35 W., Sept. 12th,
1901, one male, 10°5 mm.

Distribution. Subtropical region of the Atlantic (Bo-
vallius) ; the North Atlantic (Chevreux).

Bibliography. |

(1) Barr and Westwoop. 1868-8. History of British Sessile-eyed
Crustacea, vol. ii.

(2) Bovaturius, C. 1885. “On some Forgotten Genera among the
Amphipodous Crustacea.” Bih, Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad.
Handl., vol. x., no. 14.

(3) ——. 1887 (1). ‘Systematical List of Amphipoda Hyperiidea.”
Bih. Kong]. Svensk, Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xi, no. 16,

(4) 1887 (2). ‘ Contributions to a Monograph of the Amphi-

poda Hyperiidea, Part I.” Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,

vol. xxi., no. 5.

1889. ‘Contributions to a Monograph of the Amphipoda

Hyperiidea, Part Il.” Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,

VOle XXIN.e NOne =

1890. “The Oxycephalids.” Noy. Act. Reg. Soc. Upsala,

(5)

(S)) Ges
iii.

(7) CHEvREUXx,Ep. 1900. ‘“Amphipodes de ‘l’Hirondelle,’” Résult.
Camp. Scient. Monaco, fasc. xvi.
(8) 1915. ‘Sur quelques intéressantes espéces d’Amphipodes
provenant des parages de Monaco et des péches pélagiques de la
‘ Princesse-Alice’ et de ‘1’ Hirondelle II.’ en Méditerranée.” Bull.
de l'Institut Océanographique, no. 262.
(9) Cuavus, C. 1879. ‘ Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden.”
Arbeit. des Zool. Inst. zu Wien, vol. ii.
(10) 1887. ‘ Die Platysceliden.’
(11) Marton, A. F. 1874. ‘ Animauxsinférieurs du Golfe de Marseille.”
Annales des Sciences naturelles, sér, vi., tom. i.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the * Discovery.’ 265

(12) Senna, A. 1902. “Le Esplorazioni Abissali nel Mediterraneo
del KR. Piroscafo Washington nel 1881.—I. Nota sugli Oxi-
cefalidi.” Boll. Soc. Entom. Ital., Anno xxxiy,

(13) Sresppine, T. R. R. 1888. ‘Challenger’ Amphipoda Reports,
Zool, vol. xxix.

(144) ——. 1904. “ Biscayan Plankton.—Part II. Amphipoda and
Cladocera.” Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. ii., vol. x., part 2.

(15) TarrersaLLt, W.M. 1906. “Pelagic Amphipoda of the Irish
Atlantic Slope.” Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1905, iv.

(16) VossELeR, J. 1901. ‘ Die Amphipoden der Plankton Expedition.’

(17) Watxkrr, A. O. 1903. “Report on the Amphipoda of the
‘Oceana.’” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. xii.

(18) 1907. ‘‘ Crustacea (Amphipoda) of the ‘ Discovery’ Ant-
arctic Expedition.”
(19) 1909. ‘Amphipoda Hyperiidea of the ‘Sealark’ Expe-

dition to the Indian Ocean.” ‘Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. ii.,
vol. xiii., part 1.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PratTE LV.
Vibilia serrata, sp. n., male, lateral view. X 20.
Prate V.
Vibilia serrata, sp. n.

Fig. 1. Male, first antenna. x 64.
Fig.2. ,, second antenna. x 64.

Fig. 3. ,, first gnathopod. x 64.
Fig. 4. ,, second gnathopod. x 64.
Fig.5. ,, seventhleg. x 64.

Fig. 6. ,, telson and uropods. x 60,

Puate VI.

Vibilia hodgsont, sp. nu.

5, terminal joints of the seventh leg. x 3800.
,, telson and uropods. x 64,

Fig. 1. Head and first segments of male, lateral view. x 64.
Fig. 2. Male, first gnathopod. x 64.
Fig.3. ,, second gnathopod. x 64.
Fig.4. ,, seventhleg. x 64.
‘tg. 5. ,, terminal joints of the seventh leg. x 300.
Fig. 6. ,, urosome, telson, and uropods, x 64.
PuatE VIL.
Hemiscelus diplochelatus, gen, et sp. n.
Fig. 1. Female, first gnathopod. x 64.
Fig. 2. » second gnathopod. x 64.
Fig. 3. 39) ti pure legy, 53k) 64.
Fig. 4. fourthleg. x 64.
Fig. 5. » fifthleg. x 64.
Fig. 6. » .Saxth Teg.” x" G4:
Fig. 7. », seventh leg. x 64.
ig. 8.
. 9.

266 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the

XXX.—Note on the Crop in the Mallophaga and on the
Arrangement and Systematic Value of the Crop-Teeth. By
Bruce F. CuMMINGs.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

DuRING an examination for description* of the interesting
parasite Zrimenopon echinoderma, Cummings, a row of
strongly developed teeth was observed in specimens passed
through caustic potash and mounted in Canada balsam,
occupying a position in the abdomen at about the level where
the proventriculus might be deemed to lie. Reference to
Snodgrass’s papert on the anatomy of the Mallophaga
showed that no proventriculus has been found to exist in this
order. On dissection it became quite clear that in fact no
portion of the base of the crop (or ingluvies) is constricted off
as a gizzard either in the Ischnocera or in the other suborder,
the Amblycera. Yet the base of the crop of the Amblycera
in the genera ffeterodoxus, Trimenopon, Lemobothrium,
Colpocephalum, Menopon, Trinoton, Boopia, Niteschia, and
Gyropus, and probably in the remaining genera, possesses a
circular row of beautiful proventricular teeth, so that, func-
tionally, a proventriculus may be said to be present in this
suborder. There are scattered teeth in the crop of the
Ischnocera, but they occupy a different area of the crop,
which in the Ischnocera is highly specialized.

The crop presents three types of structure in the Mailo-
phaga. One form—the Amblyceran—is simple in_ being
just an expansion of the lower part of the cesophagus. The
second, represented by the majority of the Ischnocera,
Snodgrass describes as complicated by a lateral and back-
ward prolongation, so as to form a large expanded diverticulum
of the cesophagus. The third type, present in the Ischno-
ceran family ‘Trichodectide, has the remarkable form of a
large sac connected with the lower end of the cesophagus by
a Jong narrow neck.

Mor phologically the crop is simply an expanded portion of
the cesophagus. It is large in locusts and most other
Orthoptera and in most adult Coleoptera. It may or may
not be followed by the proventriculus, which is present and
well developed in many carnivorous Coleoptera, in fleas, ants,
and Cynips. In fact, the alimentary canal is a notoriously
unsafe guide in phylogeny, although the arrangement of the
teeth in the proventriculus has been used systematically in

* Bulletin for Entomological Research, May 1918.
+ Occas. Papers Cal. Acad. of Sci. vi. 1899, p. 145.

Crop in the Mallophaga. 267

ants * and in the Odonata Zygopterat. In the Amblycera
the crop-teeth assume characteristic forms in the different
genera, and could be used with advantage in classification, as
they are of generic if not specific value, and, as a rule, are
easily visible through the integument in mounted specimens
prepared with caustic potasb.

The following is a short description of the position and
nature of these teeth in different genera.

—

Z

fo

p

KY)

Fig./.

Sketch of alimentary canal of Goniodes falcicornis.

a, cesophagus ; b, ventriculus; ¢, crop; d, patch of teeth.

ISCHNOCERA.

The crop in the Trichodectide is apparently devoid of
teeth. I have carefully examined with a high power the

* Sharpe, D., Camb, Nat. Hist., Insects, part i. p. 125.
+ Higgins, Helen T., Proc. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia, Jan. 1901.

268 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the

mounted specimens of the genus Trichodectes in the collection
of the British Museum, but no trace of teeth could be found.
In the crop of Goniodes falcicornis (fig. 1, p. 267) there isa
patch of small teeth in the anterior diverticulum of the crop (@).
‘The teeth are arranged in short scattered rows of two, three,
or four, and are short, sharp, and stout, with enlarged bases.
The lining of the crop is grooved longitudinally, and along
each groove is a row of wide-spaced, short, minute hairs.
This patch of teeth in the anterior cecum of the crop is
characteristic of the Ischnocera. I find similar patches in
the same areas in Nirmus (NV. prodicepis, D., N. fuscus, N.,
N. dixocephalus, N.), Goniodes stylifer, N., G. colchicus, D.,
Dochophorus alcedinis, D., and Lipeurus ferog, Gieb. (fig. 2).

Fig. 2.—Sketch of the upper part of the alimentary canal of Lepewrus

Cron.
Fig. 83.—Sketch of the upper part of the alimentary canal of Hetero-
doxus longitarsus.

a, esophagus; 6, ventriculus; c, crop; d, patch of teeth.

Crop in the Mallophaga. 269

AMBLYCERA.

Heterodoxus longitarsus (Piaget) (fig. 3).—The crop is
rather smal), and the ventriculus, which follows, is parallel-
sided, without anterior ceca. ‘The teeth, situated in front of
the opening into the ventriculus, point backwards, and are
rather long, tapering, fairly broad, and numerous, arranged
ina single row. In Trimenopon echinoderma there is a row
of teeth of similar shape in the same position. But poste-
riorly there lie two chitinous flattened lobes, the free ends of
the flaps being anterior and the two flaps being side by side,
with a narrow longitudinal space between. The free pro-
Jecting edges of the flaps possess a single row of minute
denticles.

Lemobothrium titan, P.—The teeth are here grouped in
two brush-like patches, one on each side of the base of the
crop. The teeth are long, thin, round, acicular, curved,
and closely set.

Trinoton luridum, N.—The teeth in this species are more
developed than in any other genera I have examined up to
the present. Seen in situ they please the eye with their
beautiful symmetry of arrangement and their sabre-like
shape. As usual they consist of a single row situated around
the base of the crop, rather densely packed and of a dark
brown colour. Hach tooth is long (about *14 mm.), curved,
flat, blade-like, parallel-sided, and at the base has a back-
wardly projecting sharp spur, which no doubt constitutes the
place of attachment of the tooth to the lining of the crop.
Just behind the row of teeth there are two patches, one on
either side, of scattered teeth of quite a different character.
These are long, curved, and round, of a white-coloured chitin.
The rest of the crop shows numerous minute scattered bristles
or teeth of a clear white chitin, the bases of which appear to
be forked, suggesting sponge-spicules.

Function.

Plateau, who was able to speak with authority on the
digestive arrangements of insects, formed the opinion that
the proventricular teeth are used for straining rather than for
masticating food. In the Amblycera it seems improbable
that the teeth have any masticatory function, as they are
long, slender, and sharp, and their development is not corre-
lated with powerful muscular folds. In the Ischnocera the
short scattered teeth may be of assistance in clearing out the
food which collects in the anterior cecum, where they are
situated.

270 On a new Glossophagine Bat from Colombia.

It has been suggested that some Mallophaga, such as
Tetrophtalmus titan (P.), which is found firmly attached to
the skin of the pelican’s pouch, live on blood. This, if
authenticated, is interesting when it is remembered that the
Anoplura, true blood-sucking parasites, are, perhaps, in their
descent Mallophaga which have taken to sucking blood.

A transition from hair- and feather-feeding to gnawing at
the epidermis of the skin is easily conceived, when, as soon
as blood is extravasated, it can be easily imagined how a
further change in feeding-habits came about.

It is a pity that more is not known of the bionomics and
feeding-habits of the Mallophaga.

XXXI.—A new Genus of Glossophagine Bat from Colombia.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

LIONYCTERIS, g. n.

Allied to Lonchophylla, but the premolars without the
characteristic Glossophagine elongation.

Interfemoral membrane well developed ; tail reaching half-
way to the back of the membrane.

Skull in general shape as in Glossophaga, the rostrum
much shorter than in Lonchophylla. Zygomata imperfect.
Palate extremely concave, domed, more so even than in
Lonchophylia, its shape posteriorly much as in the latter
genus, though it is less elongate. Basisphenoid pits present.

Dental formula I. 3, C.;, PM. 3: M.3x2=34, as in
Glossophaga and Lonchophylla.

Upper teeth. Incisors disproportionate in size, as in
Lonchophylla, the inner pair conspicuously longer than the
outer, spatulate. Canines like those of Lonchophylla, but
shorter. Premolars uot narrowed and elongated horizontally,
but more like those of ordinary Vampyrt, the anterior one
some little way from the canine, slender, pointed, unicuspid,
its height greater than its horizontal diameter ; posterior
premolar triangular, pointed, with a small internal basal lobe
and inconspicuous posterior basal cusp. Molars about as in
Glossophaga, m® less extended transversely.

Lower teeth. Incisors well developed, subequal, tricuspid.
Canines rather weak. Premolars evenly increasing in size

On Ephemeride from Tropical Africa. 271

backwards, their vertical greater than their horizontal dia-
meter, triangular, pointed, with a high main cusp and the
anterior and posterior secondary cusps quite low. In
Glossophaga and Lonchophylla the lower premolars are
elongate horizontally, especially the anterior one, which
exceeds the second, and their secondary cusps are pro-
portionally much more developed.

Ty pe :—

Lionycteris spurrelli, sp. n.

Size and general appearance about as in Glossophaga
soricina. Colour above bistre, the bases of the hairs darker
and greyer, the ends paler, near “snuff-brown”; under
surface rather paler, near “ olive-brown ” (Ridgway, 1912).
In other Glossophagine the bases of the hairs are lighter
than the tips. Ears and nose-leaf apparently as in Glosso-
phaga soricina.

Skull and teeth as described above,

Dimensions of the type (the italicized measurements taken
in the flesh) :—

Forearm 33 mm. (Specimen immature.)

Head and body 49; tail 7; ear 13; lower leg and hind
foot (c. u.) 23.

Skull: greatest length 18-7; condylo-basal length 17°5 ;
interorbital breadth 3:7; breadth ‘across brain-case 8;
palatal length 8-4; front of canine to back of m3 GeEs
breadth between outer corners of m? 4:8,

Hab. Condoto, Choco, Colombia. Alt. 300!.

Type. Immature male (teeth unworn, outer incisors not
fully erupted, and milk-incisor still present). B.M. no.
13. 8.10.1. Original number 314. Collected 10th May,
1913, by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. One specimen.

This genus, while clearly most related to Lonchophylla
and Glossophaga, is readily recognizable by its quite normal
and unmodified premolars, which have nothing of the peculiar
horizontal lengthening of those of other Glossophagine.

Even by its colour Lionycteris spurrelli is distinguishable
from its allies, as other Glossophagine bats have light bases
to the fur, while here the bases are darker than the tips.

XXXII.—Ephemeride from Tropical Africa.
By the Rev. A. E. Raton, M.A., F.E.S.
REPORTING upon thirteen specimens of May-flies received

from the British Museum of Natural History last July, it may
be remarked that most of the species represented are in

212 Rev. A. E. Eaton on

many instances solitary specimens, more or less defective,
that have been relaxed and spread out, and by being thus
treated have suffered loss of, or detriment to, their body-
markings. Where it was not justifiable in such circumstances
to name an insect as a species, it has been deemed desirable
to name as nearly as possible the genus to which it should be
referred, noting, by illustration or description, characteristics
likely to aid in the recognition of other specimens of the
same species of flies from at least the identical localities.
Some wings, detached, have been mounted in Canada balsam,
to enable them to be examined and figured as to neuration.
Hind wings of dried May-flies are apt to be shrivelled up ;
if detached and let fall upon hot water they can usually be
induced to unfold (with the exception of the marginal area)
on the surface of the water. Taken up from that on thin
glass or a feather, while thus expanded, they can, while
moist, be floated off from it on to distilled water and cleaned
without being submerged. Then, transferred in a similar
manner to a prepared cover-glass for the object to be mounted
for the microscope (already in position on the centring-card,
and with bits of distance-glass in position, as well as the space
for the object duly moistened), the wing can be adjusted upon
the glass, and the ordinary method of preparation be com-
pleted. No attempt to submerge the wing afloat should be
made prior to its being hardened in spirits.

ELASSONEURIA, Etn. (1881).
Related to Oligoneuria, Pictet (1843-5).

Elassoneuria candida, sp. 0.

?Subimago ¢ (dried)—Wings dull, light, transparent
smoky grey, with the stronger veins and cross-veins opaque,
light sepia-grey. Cross-veins in the marginal area simple
and indefinite (this area folded over) ; below the vein R' 13,
within the sectorial fork 7, and 13 very faint and whitish
below this fork and its stem. Epinotal prolongations of the
wing-membranes, reaching to the base of the third dorsal
segment, blackish. Dorso-lateral points of the ninth abdo-
minal segment extend rather beyond the insertions of the
caudal sete. Last ventral plate, on each side of its terminal
sinus, produced into a subacute point. Markings of the
thorax and abdomen similar in character to those of the
imago.

Ephemeride from Tropical Africa. 273

Adult 2 (dried)—Wings white ; the stronger veins and
cross-veins whity-brown ; but the faint traces of finer obso-
lescent neuration between the strong veins subopaque white.
Epinotal subulate continuations decurrent from the fore
wing, defective, but also white. Cross-veinlets in the mar-
ginal area straight and simple, about 27 in number; 9 below
R‘ and 10 within the sectorial fork. Thorax largely eaten
out by cabinet-pests ; mesonotum brown ochreous, intersected
lengthwise by a fine median black suture ; scutum edged at
the sides with whitish; this edging, opposite the fore wings,
widened and joined together across the dorsum by a narrow,

Elassoneuria candida, sp. n.

Neuration of wings, with obsolescent interneural reticulation.

subtransverse, slightly retiring whitish band ; prescutum, on
each side of the front margin of the segment, flanked by a
whitish spot or streak. Abdomen before oviposition dull
green, owing to the eggs, but afterwards light drab-colour,
with a narrow, black-bordered, medio-dorsal sepia-grey stripe
from the second segment to the tip of the penultimate.
Ventrally the nerve-ganglia and the nerve-chords for nearly
half their length in front of each ganglion are black. Caudal
sete defective, Roman-sepia, with blackish joinings ; the
joints very short.

Length of wing about 21 mm.

Hab. Nesha, 8. Nigeria (LZ. EZ. H. Humfrey, 1911),
no. O7.

Preparation of wings in Ca. balsam; Etn.

Potymirarcys, Etn. (1868).
Through misunderstanding a conversation with Dr. EB. Joly

274 Rev. A. E. Eaton on

of Toulouse in 1880, I wrongly coupled together a defective
subimago of P. virgo, Ol., and a nymph inhabiting the
Garonne, naming them Jolia roeseli in 1881. Professor Joly
could not show me the fly, which he had reared from nymphs
of that kind; but in 1905 an allied American species was
bred by Dr. J. G. Needham, Professor of Zoology at Lake
Forest College, N.Y., and was identified with the genus
named from the adult fly Chtrotonetes, Ktn. (1881). Simul-
taneously the nymph conjectured by me in that year to be a
Chirotonetes was shown by Dr. Needham to be an Ameletus,

Ktn. (1881).
Polymitarcys sp.

A subimago, 2 of a small species, deprived of caudal sete.
Fore wing, not fully extended, about 13 mm. long, dull,
white, shaded very lightly from the costa to the radius, and
the strongest of the longitudinal veins faintly tinged with
reddish-violet grey ; the remaining neuration whitish.

Hab. Laungeru, N. Nigeria’ (Nov. 1910) > J. We Scott
Macfie, 1911, 417. British Museum.

Prep. Part of hind wing in Ca. balsam ; Etn.

Polymitarcys sp.

? .—A larger insect than the preceding. Fore wing about
20 mm. long, dull, semitransparent, light warm sepia-grey,
with opaque neuration. Sete pilose.

Hab. Usangu District, German E. Africa (Nov. 29-
Dec. 15, 1910). Alt. 3500-4500 ft.; S. A. Neave, 1911,
17, 7, British Museum.

Prep. Hind wing in Ca. balsam; Etn.

Eruemera, Linn. (1746), restricted Leach (1815).

Species of this genus appear to be less constant in the
matter of wing-markings than has generally been supposed.
Specimens bred in cool waters are much alike ; but others of
the same species that have inhabited warmer lakes or ditches
might often be mistaken for quite different kinds at the first
glance, the spots in their wings being more numerous and
confluent, and the coloured edging of cross-veinlets broader
or more pronounced. Gregarine may even produce modifica-
tions of markings in the abdomen in individual flies.

Ephemera sp.

Imago ¢ (dried).— Wings of a talcose gloss, transparent,
tinted very faintly with a brownish adumbration, especially

Ephemeride from Tropical Africa. 275

visible in parts not flattened out near the subcosta of the
fore wing, and less strongly in a diffused cloud of moderate
width extending from the tip along the outer margin of
the hind wing; cross-veinlets also bordered narrowly with
the same faint tint. Neuration piceous. In the fore wing the
usual spots are almost obsolete, being represented only by a
faint nebulosity just discernible in the immediate vicinity of
the bifurcation of the median vein, and another even less
visible at the near end of the long intercalar vein included in
the cubital fork ; in the hind wing no spot can be seen. In
the figure both of the wings are incomplete, and cross-veinlets
in the costal area (roughly sketched) are omitted. Cabinet-
pests have left too little remaining of body, legs, and sete
for description, and the ¢ genitalia are ill displayed.
Approximate length of wing, 3 im. 13, 9 subim.15 mm.
To this species are referred four defective specimens —
1 ? subim., Nyasaland, Domira Bay, W. shore of Lake
Nyasa (18-21 Oct., 191 ), S. A. Neave; 2 g im., Uganda,
Entebbe (11-12 Aug., 1911), C. C. Goudey, 1912, 70, British
Museum; and 1 ¢ subim., Uganda Prot., Tero Forest,
S.E. Buddu, 3800 ft. (26-30 Dept. LIED), S.A, Neave,

Entomological Research Committee.

PENTAGENIA, Walsh (1863).

A genus known hitherto from N. America only.

Pentagenia sp. ?

Neuration of wings, incomplete.

? Pentagenia sp.

Subimago 9 (dried).— Wings dull, semitransparent, smoky
whitish, with black neuration ; the terminal margin outlined

276 Rev. A. E. Eaton on

with grey-black and skirted by a narrow edging of a smoky
tint shaded off inwards ; most of the longitudinal veins in the
hind wings white. Abdomen probably yellowish white,
with black markings, a somewhat serrated stripe on each
side of the dorsum being the principal. Fore legs opaque,
subluteous; hinder legs of a lighter yellow, especially the
tibies ; ungues and joinings of their tarsi dark.

Length of fore wing about 27 mm.

Hab. British E. Africa, Hala, Maramas Dist., 14 miles E.
of Mumias, 4500 feet alt. (June 18-21, 1911), S. A. Neave ;
1912, 20, British Museum.

HEXAGENIA, Walsh (1868).

All species previously known are natives of N. and 8S.
America and Asia respectively.

i ais i x25 im. PATS

xX

Hexagenia (?) illestris, sp. n.

Abdomen from the side, showing lateral markings of the dorsum; the
median seta (rudimentary), part of a lateral seta, and a limb of the
3 forceps in dotted outline out of focus. Part of forceps; the
apical joint of one of them from a different standpoint ; and the base
in profile of an outer caudal seta, on a uniform larger scale than the
former detail.

Hexagenia illustris, sp. n.

Imago ¢ (dried).—Dorsum ivory-white down the middle,
with black lateral markings above the spiracular line on the
abdomen (see fig.) ; a broad fuscous stripe along each side of
the meta- and mesonotum, black on the pronotum, and the
pleura, below that, black as far as the insertions of the legs.
Head black ; the space between the antenne besides their
first two joints whitish. The abdomen has in addition a fine
abbreviated transverse line in the middle of the dorsal base
of segment 9, a small triangular spot in segment 8, and a
short acute triangular streak in segment 7, barely indicated
in segment 6, all in corresponding positions, blackish. Venter
spotless, except the joining at the base of segment 9, and, close

Eiphemeride from Tropical Africa. 207

to it, a short streak on each side of the nervous track ; also
its apical border and a spot at the roots of the genitalia
greyish or fuscescent. Forceps: limbs elongate, somewhat
darkened towards their extremities, and composed seemingly
of only a single minute joint terminating the long basal joint.
Wings transparent, vitreous, with light green and red-purple
iridescence ; fore wing in the costal and subcostal areas
tinged with light yellow-amber ; neuration black, excepting
the bases of the veins posterior to the radius and the shortest
venules of the anal group, and in the hind wing a large
proportion of the longitudinal veins and a few of the cross-
veinlets, which are whitish or not coloured. Fore legs
lutescent ; hinder legs flavescent or light yellow-amber, with
the femora towards the tips and the tarsi tinged with traces
of the former colour. Joints of the fore tarsus shortening
from the longest, second subequal to third, fourth, fifth, first ;
hinder tarsi fifth, third, fourth (first indistinct). Sete at the
roots light burnt-umber brown, their joinings darker and the
bases of the joints faintly tinged with the same, becoming
gradually lighter ; and then, in nearly their terminal halves,
the outer tails become piceous or bistre-brown.

Length of body about 25, fore wing 22, outer sete 65 mm. ;
median seta as long as the first two joints combined.

Hab. Uganda Protectorate, Mpanga Forest, 4800 ft.
(18-23 November, 1911), S. A. Neave.

Three small fragmentary flies can be placed in the group
of Kedyurus :—

A single ? subim., captured on a tent-fly 300 yards from
the river Mara-Mara, Liembwa Dist., Nyanza Prov., Brit. E.
Africa (12 Dec., 1911), C. M. Dobbs, no. 52.—Hind tarsus :
first joint longer than second and second longer than third
joint. Fore tarsus: first joint equal in length to second and
longer than third. Hind wings well developed. Femora
each with a short, acute, longitudinal, black, recurrent apical
streak near the lower edge, but no median dark band.

Affinities with Epeorus, Etn.

A single 2 imago from N.E. Rhodesia, Niamadzi R., near
Nawalia, at 2000 ft. alt. (17-22 Aug., 1910), S. A. Neave ;
1911, 177, British Museum.—Hind tarsus (only one re-
maining) in course of reproduction, and therefore abnormal ;
fore legs beyond the trochanter lost.—Sedis incerti.

A single ¢ imago, labelled N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Nov.
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 20

278 Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from Peru.
1910), J. W. Scott-Macfie; 1911, 417, British Museum.—

Hind tarsus: first joint equal in length to second and longer
than the third; fore legs beyond the trochanters lost ; hinder
femora not banded nor with any dark streak near the middle.
—Sedis incerti.

To name such fragments would be foolish and repre-
hensible.

XXXIII.—Fishes from Peru, collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes.
By C. Tate ReGan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A SMALL series of fishes from Peru, collected and presented
to the British Museum by Dr. H. O. Forbes, is of some
interest, as it includes the type of a new species of Chiro-
lophius, an example of the little-known T’rachinotus pattensis,
and specimens of some Californian species not previously
known to range southwards to Peru.

1. Branchiostoma elongatum, Sundev.
Lobos de Tierra, 5 to 8 fathoms.

2. Lebiasina bimaculata, Cuv. & Val.
Pacasmayo ; fresh water,

3. Tetragonopterus microphthalmus, Giinth.
Pacasmayo ; fresh water.

4, Tetragonopterus stmus, Bouleng.
Pacasmayo ; fresh water.

5. Vomer setipinnis, Mitch.

Ferrol Bay.

6. Trachinotus pactensis, Cuv. & Val.

Hist. Nat. Poiss. viii, p. 438 (1831).

Trachinotus paloma (? Jord. & Starks), Starks, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xxx. 1906, p. 786.

Depth of body 2} in the length, length of head 32. Snout

Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from Peru. 279

as long as diameter of eye, which is 4 in the length of head;
interorbital width 8. Snout obtuse; mouth nearly hori-
zontal ; maxillary extending to below middle of eye. 11 gill-
rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VI, I 28;
longest rays a little more than } length of head. Anal LI,
I 24, Pectoral 3 the length of head. Silvery ; back bluish ;
fins yellowish, with blackish points ; dorsal lobe blackish.

A single specimen, 85 mm. in total length, from Lobos de
Tierra.

The type of the species, 24 inches long, from Paita, had
28 dorsal and 26 anal rays. Starks’s specimen from Callao,
267 mm. in length to base of caudal, had a shorter head (42
in the length) and a smaller eye (64 in length of head) than
the one described above.

7. Larimus pacificus, Jord. & Bollman.

Lobos de Tierra, 5 to 8 fathoms.
The type was taken in the Pacific between Panama and

the Galapagos Islands.

8. Hoplognathus insignis, Kner.
Lobos de Tierra, 5 to 8 fathoms.

9. Pomacentrus rectifrenum, Gill.
Lobos de Tierra; rock-pools.
Not previously recorded south of Panama.
10. Mugil cephalus, Linn.

Pacasmayo ; fresh water,

11. Querimana harengus, Giinth.

Pacasmayo; fresh water.

12. Polynemus approximans, Lay & Benn.

Pacasmayo; fresh water.

13. Gobius soporator, Cuv. & Val.

Lobos de Tierra ; rock-pools.

14. Myzxodagnus opercularis, Gill.

Two examples from Lobos de Tierra, 8 to 10 fathoms, do
20*

280 Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from Peru.

not seem to differ in any way from one from California, with
which I have compared them,

15. Symphurus atramentatus.

Lobos de Tierra, 5 to 8 fathoms.

Previously known from specimens dredged off the coast of
Colombia.

16. Remora remora, Linn,

17. Remora clypeata, Giinth.

This species is represented in the British Museum collec-
tion by examples from the Cape and from Muscat; it does
not seem to have been recorded from Peruvian waters ; two
examples, together with one of the preceding species, were
taken from a large ray at Lobos de Tierra.

18. Gobtesox zebra, Jord. & Gilb.

J have compared specimens from the rock-pools of Lobos
de Tierra with one from Mazatlan, and they seem to be the
same species.

19. Chirolophius forbesit, sp. n.

Head longer than broad, about 4 the length of the fish.
Diameter of eye 6 in length of head, less than length of
snout or than interorbital width. Teeth in lower jaw in
about 3 series; 2 teeth on each side of vomer. Nasal sacs
small. <A pair of divergent spines on each side of snout;
each supraorbital ridge bearing two spines ; humeral spine
bifid posteriorly and with an outwardly directed process ante-
riorly. First ray of spinous dorsal less than 4 Jength of
head, with terminal flap * ; second and third as long, fringed ;
fourth, fifth, and sixth well developed, the fourth aimost
free, the fifth and sixth connected by membrane basally.
Soft dorsal with 8 rays, anal with 6, pectoral with 18.
Lower surface of pectoral with blackish edge; distal half of
anal and caudal blackish ; caudal crossed by a row of pearl-
like white spots, one on each ray ; anal with one or two
similar spots.

A single specimen, 170 mm. in total length, from Lobos
de Tierra, at a depth of 8 to 10 fathoms.

* This ray looks as though it had been broken off and the flap regene-
rated; perhaps it would be longer in a normal specimen.

On Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru, 281

XX XIV.—Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru, collected by
Mr. Mounsey. By C. Tate Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

. Tetragonopterus ovalis, Giinth.
. Gastropelecus sternicla, Linn.

. Callophysus lateralis, Gill.

He CF bo

. Sorubim lima, Schneid.

5. Rhamdia mounsey?, sp. n.

Depth of body 5 to 6 in the length, length of head 33 to 4.
Breadth of head 1} to 14 in its length, length of snout 23
to 3, diameter of eye 54 to 7, interorbital width 22 to 32.
Jaws equal anteriorly or the lower a little shorter than the
upper; width of mouth nearly 2 width of head. Maxillary
barbel extending beyond anal fin. Occipital process extending
about 3 of the distance from its base to origin of dorsal fin. 4 or
5 gill-rakers +2 or 3 rudiments on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal 1 6; spine slender; fin rounded. Length of adipose
fin 2? to 32 in length of fish. Anal9-11. Humeral process
not reaching middle of pectoral spine, which is ? to 2 the
length of the fin, or 4 to 3 the length of head. Pelvies in-
serted below or a little behind last dorsal ray, sometimes
reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Least depth of
caudal peduncle 24 to 23 in length of head, 14 to 12 in
distance from anal to caudal. Greyish; a lateral stripe;
fins dusky, the dorsal pale at the base.

Seven specimens, 75 to 135 mm. in total length.

6. Callichthys thoracatus, Cuv. & Val.
7. Corydoras elegans, Steind.
8. Xenocara cirrhosum, Cuv. & Val.

9. Hypoptopoma carinatum, Steind.

10. Loricartichthys ucayalensis, sp. n.

Length of head a little more than } that of the fish.
Breadth of head 14 in its length, diameter of eye 7 to 84,
interorbital width 4$ to 42, length of snout 2 to 24. Snout
rounded ; head smooth; orbital notch deep and_ broad.

282 On Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru.

Upper lip narrow ; lower very broad, smooth, with entire
edges; teeth minute, on each side about 8 in the upper jaw
and 12 in the lower. 32 scutes in a longitudinal series,
20-22+ 10-12 ; lateral keels sharp, separate ; scutes in front
of dorsal fin with vestigial keels; lower surface of head
naked; abdomen with 2 series of plates between the lateral
series ; anterior plates smaller, extending to level of middle of
gill-opening ; an anal plate, bordered anteriorly by 3. First
dorsal ray 2 the length of head; pectoral spine reaching
base of pelvic fin, which has the first branched ray longest ;
upper caudal ray produced. Breadth of body at level of
first anal ray 4 in the distance thence to the caudal. Head
and body with dark spots and blotches; fins, except the
anal, with series of small dark spots.

Two specimens (males), 185 and 220 mm. in total length.

In the structure of the lower lip this species resembles
males of ZL. typus, Bleek. In other characters it 1s nearer
L. maculata, Bloch, but has a larger head, ashorter tail, and
the dorsal and anal fins less elevated.

11. Rhineloricaria konopicky?, Steind.
12. Loricaria carinata, Casteln.

13. Acara tetramerus, Heck.

A, duopunetata, llaseman, seems to be a synonym of
A. tetramerus. The two other supposed new species of this
genus described by Haseman (Ann. Carnegie Mus. vil. 1911),
from the Guaporé, viz. A. guaporensis and A. awani, are
obviously the young and adult of one species, closely related
to A. paraguayensis, even if it be distinct.

APISTOGRAMMA, nom. nov.

The recently published second volume of the ‘ Index
Zoologicus’? includes the generic name SHeterogramma,
Guenée, 1854. I therefore propose Apistogramma as a
substitute for J7eterogramma, Regan, 1906. This genus
includes four species from the La Plata, A. trifasciatum,
Kigenm. & Kennedy, 1908, <A. borellit, Regan, 1906
(H. ritense, Haseman, 1911), A. corumbe, Regan, 1906,
and A. pleurctenia, Regan, 1909 (H. borellit, Haseman),
two from Guiana, A. steindachnerit, Regan, 1908, and
A. ortmannt, Higenm., 1912. There are perhaps four
species known from the Amazon, viz., A. amanus, Cope,
1872, A. teniatum, Ginth., 1862, A, pertense, Haseman,
1911, and A. agassizit, Steind., 1875,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota. 283

14. Apistogramma amenus, Cope.

Depth of body 24 to 24 in the length, length of head 3.
Snout a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 34 to 34
in length of head; interorbital width 32 to 4, Maxillary
extending to below anterior edge of eye ; lower jaw 2 length
of head; least depth of preorbital 3 to 2? diameter of eye ;
cheek with 3 or 4 series of scales; 2 or 3 gill-rakers of outer
series below angle of first arch. 23 scales in a longitudinal
series; 12 or 13 in upper lateral line, 5 or 6 in lower.
Dorsal XV 6-7; spines subequal from the fifth, the last $
the length of head or a little more. Anal IIL 6 ; third spine
scarcely shorter than last of dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long
as head, almost or quite reaching origin of anal; pelvics
extending to second or third anal spine. Caudal rounded.
Caudal peduncle deeper than long. ‘Traces of cross-bars and
of a Jateral band ; a dark spot at base of caudal ; posterior
part of soft dorsal and anal and middle of caudal barred with
spots.

Das specimens, 50 and 55 mm. in total length.

A. teniatum, Giinth., seems to be known only from the
type, 60 mm. in total length, from the Cupai; it differs from
A. amenus in the shorter snout and larger eye (diameter 4
length of head), larger mouth (maxillary to below anterior
4 of eye; lower jaw nearly $ length of head), and higher
dorsal spines, increasing in length to the last which is quite
2 the length of the head.

A. pertense is the species usually known as H, teniatum ;
it is close to A. amanus, but when specimens of the same
size are compared it differs in the larger eye (4 length of
head) and more slender form (depth 3 in the length).
A. agassizii is distinguished by the pointed caudal fin.

XXXV.— Contributions to a Knowledge of Orvental
Ithynchota. By W. L. Disrant.

HETEROPTERA,

Fam. Pentatomide.
Phricodus hystrix.
Aradus hystrix, Germ, Silb, Rey. Ent. v. p. 184 (1837).

This well-known Ethiopian species must now be included
in the fauna of British India. Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher has
sent us specimens from Coimbatore, South India,

284 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota.

Fam. Lygeide.
Oxycarenus lotus.

Oxycarenus letus, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. xxiv. p. 102
(1891) ; Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. ii. p. 438, fig. 31 (1904).

Kirby’s type, when compared with fresh examples, was
clearly founded on a discoloured specimen. I redescribed
his type (supra), and so both of our descriptions fail in the
character of the antennez. These are not unicolorous, but
with the second joint, excluding extreme apex, and the base
of the third joint brownish ochraceous ; our artist was also
unhappy in his drawing of the rostrum, which really reaches
to about the middle of the abdomen.

Fam. Coreide.

NEOHOPLOLOMIA, gen. nov.

Head about as long as the pronotum ; antenniferous
tubercles prominent, armed with an obseure short outwardly
and forwardly directed spine; antennz pilose, first joint
stoutest, about equal in length to head, second distinctly
shorter than third, a little shorter than first, fourth fusiform ;
rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe, first joint extending
to latitude of eyes, second to about base of head, second and
third subequal in length; pronotum with the posterior
margin truncate before scutellum, lateral margins finely
spinose, basal angles acute; scutellum not elevated; con-
nexivum not prominently spined; posterior femora with their
bases slender, incrassated towards their apices, beneath which
they are prominently spinous.

Allied to Hoplolomia, Stal, differing by length of head and
rostrum, and by the basal joint of antenne not being shorter
than head.

Neohcplolomia typica, sp. n.

Body above ochraceous; posterior area of pronotum and
the clavus more or less suffused with castaneous ; corium
with obscure castaneous spots; apical joint of antennz
(excluding base), apical areas of posterior femora, apices of
tibie, and transverse lines to connexivum, very dark castaneous
or piceous ; apex of rostrum and some small and inconstant
spots on lateral areas of abdomen beneath piceous or black ;
membrane pale brownish with obscure greyish spots; basal
lateral angles of pronotum shortly but distinctly spined ;
head above with a pale central longitudinal fascia ; pronotum
somewhat coarsely punctate ; scutellum with the basal angles

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota. 285

and apex pale greyish and callose ; other structural characters
as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 7 to 8 mm.

S. India ; Chikkaballapura (7. V. Campbell, Brit. Mus.).
Presented by Mr. E. A. Butler.

HOMOPTERA.
Fam. Cicadide.
Pyena indochinensis, sp. n.

3. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous; head
with a small dark spot near base of front, vertex with a
central longitudinal line, two small spots on each side of
ocelli, and posterior margins of eyes black ; pronotum with
three very small black spots at centre of posterior marginal
area ; mesonotum with four obconical spots (the two central
smallest) and a large spot in front of cruciform elevation
black ; abdomen ochraceous, the segmental margins more or
less broadly black ; tympanal flaps pale ochraceous ; body
beneath, legs, and rostrum ochraceous; central sulcation to
face, apex of rostrum, and large marginal spots to abdomen
black ; tegmina with the basal half ochraceous, opaque, two
elongate spots on costal membrane, tliree in radial area (the
central spot largest), the basal cell and a large elongate spot
beneath it black, other more piceous and more obscure spots
between the veins, and in the radial area a large hyaline
space between the second and third black spots ; outer half
of tegmina hyaline, the veins ochraceous, a number of small
black spotson the apical marginal area and larger piceous
suffusions at the bases of the upper four apical areas ; wings
black, the apical and posterior marginal area hyaline ; head
(including eyes) about two-thirds the breadth of base of
mesonotum ; pronotal lateral margins angularly ampliate ;
face very broadly, blackly, centrally sulcate for about halt
its length, the transverse striations pitchy brown ; rostrum
reaching base of abdomen; opercula short and broad, in-
ternally overlapping, outwardly and posteriorly rounded, not
passing base of abdomen.

Long., excl. tegm., 17 mm, ; exp. tegm. 63 mm.

Hab. Indo-China; Lao Kay (2. Vitalis de Salvaza, Brit.
Mus.).

Allied to P. celestia, Dist.; face much more shortly
centrally suleate, pronotal margins more acutely angulate,
opercula less centrally overlapping, basal coloration of the
teymina different, &c.

286 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota.

SALVAZANA, gen. nov.

&. Head somewhat transversely truncate between the
eyes, including which it is narrower than the base of meso-
notum, its length about half the breadth between eyes ; ocelli
nearly twice the distance from eyes as from each other, front
slightly prominent ; pronotum slightly shorter than meso-
notum, its lateral margins oblique and sinuate, the posterior
angles a little sinuate; abdomen broad and robust, about as
long as space between the apex of head and base of cruci-
form elevation, the tympanal orifices completely concealed by
the tympanal coverings; opercula in male not passing the
base of abdomen; metasternum elevated at middle and
furnished with a posterior process directed backward ; rostrum
almost reaching the posterior coxe: ; tegmina about two and
a half times as long as greatest breadth, apical areas eight,
basal cell longer than broad; wings more than half the
length of tegmina, apical areas six.

Allied to Cryptotympana, but head narrower than base of
mesonotum, opercula in male not passing base of abdomen
and convex, &c.

Salvazana mirabilis, sp. n.

3. Body black ; head with narrow posterior margin and
a spot on lateral margins of vertex castaneous ; pronotum
with narrow anterior and broad posterior margins castaneous ;
mesonotum with a tri-arcuate spot in front of cruciform
elevation and a spot at base and on each side of same casta-
neous ; bedy beneath black, brownishly pilose, outer halves of
the opercula castaneous ; abdominal stigmatal spots pearly
white; tegmina with about basal third olivaceous green out-
wardly defined by black suffusions, remaining two-thirds
subhyaline, the veins greenish, the apical margin, spots at
apices of veins to apical areas, and suffused spots at apices of
the two upper ulnar areas piceous; costal membrane casta-
neous, postcostal membrane black ; wings with about basal
halves white, opaque, outwardly defined by a_ transverse
piceous fascia, which is connected with piceous apical and
postcostal margins which surround an apical hyaline area ;
anterior femora armed beneath with a basal and two subapical
spines ; the opercula rounded, moderately convex, very nar-
rowly separated internally, not quite reaching base of abdomen;
face convexly depressed, centrally longitudinally sulcate, trans-
verse ridges distinct but only moderately prominent; meta-
sternal plate longitudinally sulcate ; other structural characters
as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 43 mm.; exp. tegm. 130 mm.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota. 287

Fab. Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Salvaza, Brit. Mus.).
I have not yet seen the female of this beautiful species.

Geana vitalis?, sp. n.

Black ; narrow anterior margin and broad posterior margin
of pronotum, two central longitudinal fascie (inwardly
angulated), and a discal elongate sublateral spot to meso-
notum ochraceous, probably virescent in living or fresh
specimens; tegmina black, somewhat opaque, the venation
virescent, a curved transverse spot near base, an irregular-
shaped spot crossing third ulnar area, and a smaller spot
crossing first ulnar area, and a submarginal apical series of
iregularly shaped spots ochraceous or pale virescent ; wings
shining black, a broad streak on abdominal area, two con-
tiguous streaks above it, a subapical spot, two contiguous
spots near costal margin, and a subcentral spot above posterior
margin ochraceous or pale virescent; head longer than
pronotum, front somewhat porrectly produced, face prominent,
transverse striations somewhat prominent; opercula not
quite reaching base of abdomen, strongly concavely sinuate
internally, slightly sinuate externally, apex transversely
convex,

Long., excl. tegm., 9 32 to 35 mm.; exp. tegm. 90 to
95 mm,

Hab, Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Salvaza, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to G. festiva, Fabr.

Balinta pulchella, sp. n.

3. Body and legs black ; front of head, basal margin of
vertex, two central angulated fasciz and posterior margin
to pronotum, the lateral margins, and two central and in-
wardly angulated fasciz to mesonotum, which are united to
the anterior angles of the basal cruciform elevation, ochra-
ceous ; tegmina bronzy brown with a white subcostal spot
before apex; wings pitchy black with the basal area ochra-
ceous ; tegmina alittle less at greatest breadth than one-third
of their length, in addition to the white subcostal spot there
is a much more obsolete spot crossing base of lower apical
area; head not longer than pronotum, obliquely depressed
in front of eyes; face prominent, ochraceous with two
central longitudinal black fascize which are united before
reaching clypeus ; rostrum reaching, or very slightly passing,
the posterior cox; opercula short, longer than broad,
apically rounded, not quite reaching base of abdomen, a
little inwardly oblique.

Long., excl. tegm., 20 mm. ; exp. tegm. 48 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Salvaza, Brit. Mus.).

288 Mr. E. Schwarz on a Kangaroo

XXXVI.—On a Kangaroo and a new Palm-Civet in the
British Museum. By Hrnst SCHWARZ.

Two years ago (‘Annals,’ ser. 8, vol. vii. p. 609, 1911)
Mr. Thomas described a Wallaroo from McClintock Range,
Kimberley Gold Field, Far North of Western Australia. In
his description he expressed some doubts as to the constancy
of the cranial characters used by me to separate the ditferent
local races of M. robustus. I have recently had an oppor-
tunity of examining the type of Macropus robustus bracteator,
and by the kind permission of Mr. Thomas I am enabled to
give the following supplementary description of the skull in
a form closely resembling the diagnoses in my paper in
‘ Novitates Zoologice,’ vol. xvil. (L910).

Macropus robustus bracteator, Thomas.

Skull. Basifacial axis short as compared to basicranial
axis. Nasal cavity strongly inflated laterally almost as
much as in M. r. rubens, but slightly less (especially when
viewed from the palate). Nasals very convex in both
directions, as already shown by Mr. Thomas, long, broad,
and almost parallel-sided. Processus infrazygomaticus nar-
row and strongly twisted. Zygomaas in MM. r. woodward.
Opening of lacrymal canal in lacrymal bone. Foramina
incisiva short. Anterior portion of palate exactly as in
M. r. woodwardi, its margins regularly converging ante-
riorly, and not constricted in front as in M. r. rubens, its
least breadth about half the length of diastema. Profile of
skull strongly and regularly convex, its highest point in the
frontal region.

Basicranial axis 47 mm.; basifacial axis 120; facial
index 255.

The skull of this kangaroo is most like that of JZ. r.
vubens. As in that form, it has a low facial index and the
inflated nasal cavity, which, however, is slightly less
marked, so as to be somewhat intermediate between rubens
and woodwardi. The shape of the nasals and palate are
more as in woodwardi.

In the local races of Macropus robustus the facial index
seems to be very constant, whereas in M. rufus and MM. gigan-
teus it is extremely variable.

In laying out the series of Paguma grayi in the British
Museum together with Mr. Wroughton, the specimens from

L and a new Palm-Civet. 289

the Western Himalayas were found to represent a distinct
race, which Mr. Wroughton was to describe. In the mean-
time, however, he has left England for some time to come,
and I have much pleasure now in naming this new form after
Mr. Wroughton himself, whose interest in Indian mammalogy
is so well known.

Paguma grayt wroughtont, subsp. n.

Type-locality. Gharial, Punjab.

Type. g ad. B.M. no. 7. 11. 21. 12. Collected by
Major H. N. Dunn, and presented by him to the British
Museum.

Related to P. g. gray?, but with blackish neck and yellowish
hue on posterior back. Face-markings more distinct and
underside buffy, not yellowish white.

Underfur of whole upperside slaty grey, of underside
buffy. Hairs of neck glossy black, often with a narrow
greyish subterminal band. Hairs of back black for their
basal half, those of anterior back with narrow yellowish
band and broad black tip, those of posterior back with very
broad golden-yellow band and short black tip. Tail like
posterior back for the greater part of its length, with black
tip. Sides of body pale yellowish grey, hairs with short
black tips; limbs similar, but the hairs without the black
tips ; fingers and toes dark brown. Ears black. Face-
markings comparatively prominent, but far less so than in
P. larvata. Underside buffy; hairs of throat with broad
white tips; chin blackish brown, darker than in P. g. gray.

Skull, Much as in P. g. grayt, Protocone of p* better
developed.

Dimensions of type. Basal length of skull 115 mm.; palatal
Jength 60°5 ; palatal breadth 41; zygomatie width 67;
width of brain-case 40°5; intertemporal constriction 21;
nasals 25°2x13; length of carnassial 8°7; length of fora-
mina incisiva 8. .

This Paguma is the western representative of P. grayi grayt
of Nepal, from which it is at once distinguishable by the
blackish neck and the shape of the cheek-teeth. There are
six specimens in the British Museum—one from Simla, one
from ‘‘ India,” one stated to be from Nepal (but, as collected
by Dhuleep Singh, probably from somewhere in the Punjab),
aud two from the type-locality, Gharial, Punjab.

290 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

XXXVII.—Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera. — I.
By Ricwarp S. Baenatt, F.L.S., F.E.S. (Hope
Department of Zoology, University Museum, Oxford).

In this series of papers I propose to shortly describe new
‘Thysanoptera, or thrips, from various parts of the world,
though the collections in my hands at present are chiefly
from Africa and India. This material, for which my hearty
thanks is due, has been received from many sources, which I
will more particularly mention in several larger contributions
now in preparation.

IT am especially anxious to have material from Australia,
Japan, Asia (particularly from the north and west), Central
and South Africa, South America, and the Polynesian and
other groups of islands.

Suborder TEREBRANTIA.
Family Thripide.
Retithrips bicolor, sp. n. (Vine thrips).

? .—Length about 1:6 mm.

Rich golden-yellow, tinged lightly with brown; head,
mesothorax, and metathorax (the latter anteriorly and late-
rally only) dark brown; legs yellow and antennz light
lemon-yellow. Sculpture and reticulation very strong.
Vertex of head broadly raised, arcuate, with a median break ;
cheeks converging from behind eyes, slightly sinuate. Max-
illary palpi apparently 4-jointed, the basal joint as long as
the other three (?or two) together. Antennz set below
vertex, distant at base, very slender, and more than twice as
long as the head; joints 3 to 6 more or less claviform ; 3 as
long as the two basal joints together, 4 slightly shorter than
3, and 5 and 6 about two-thirds (*66) the length of 4. Pro-
thorax shorter than the head. Wings with cilia (which are
smoky brown) on lower margins only ; lower wing with dark
median vein from base to apex.

In my two preparations with wings expanded I have been,
as yet, unable to make out any arrangement of spines.

3 .—Length 1:15 mm.

Abdominal sternites 3 to 7 (?2 to 6) with a roundish pale
depression. Tenth abdominal segment with a pair of stout
lateral bristles, which are apically strongly flattened out in
the form of a broad V, with the apex truncate.

Hab, Ceylon, on vine (. LE. Green).

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 291

Readily separated from Retithrips egypticus, Marchal, by
its coloration, the long slender antennze, and the shape of
joints 3 to 6, and the longer and more slender wings.
Dr. Marchal does not describe any special characteristics of
the ¢ cegypticus.

FHeliothrips indicus, sp. n.

? .—Length 1:2 mm.

In fasciatus, fasciapennis, and phaseoli group, but readily
distinguished by the male characteristics. Type of colora-
tion (except wings) and form of antenne as in fasczatus.
Maxillary palpi two-segmented. Wings overreaching tip of
abdomen ; fore-wings white, tinged with grey at base, second
and third fourths wholly grey-brown, decidedly lighter in
middle, though the colouring is not broken; apical fifth
grey-brown. Venation as in fasciapennis ; basal vein set
with two basal spines and one near fork ; upper vein (fused
with costa) with two near fork and two near apex ; lower

vein with five or six (usually 2+3-+1) more or less regularly
placed spines. :

¢ —Length 1:0 mm.

Ninth tergite with six rather long dorsal spines, one set on
each side of the mid-line at a little distance from the post-
erior margin, and the other four in a line (but the inner pair
set wider apart than the first-named pair) near the posterior
margin. Abdominal sternites 3 to 7 with a strongly trans-
verse pale area or depression, more or less arcuate, gradually
lessening in size from the fourth to the seventh segment,
the former being about fifteen and the latter eight times as
wide as long. In einctipennis, Hood, these pale areas are
almost round, in fasctatus, Perg., they are transversely ovate,
whilst in faseiapennis, Hinds, and phaseol’, Hood, they are
transverse, but only five and nine times as long as wide
respectively, and not arcuate.

Hab, INDIA: Sirsiah, Bengal, in numbers on indigo, 1908 ;
and Surat, Bengal, on onions, berseem, and brinjal, February

1909 (Maxwell Lefroy).

Euthrips (Anaphothrips) alternans, sp. n. (Maize thrips).

2 .—Length 1°3 to 1:4 mm.

Head and first two abdominal segments dark grey-brown ;
pterothorax yellowish-brown to grey-brown; abdominal seg-
inents 7 to 10 dark chestnut-brown, 6 generally a similar or
lighter chestnut-brown; prothorax, legs, and abdominal
segments 3 fo 5 yellow, at most lightly tinged with grey.

292 Mr. R.S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Antennal joint 1 light grey-brown; 2 darker brown, con-
colorous with the head ; 3 clear lemon-yellow ; 4 also yellow,
but slightly deeper, and in some specimens tinged lightly
with grey; 5 (except base, which is light) to 8 chestnut.
brown. Wings very light grey; a dark greyish-brown
patch across each fore wing trom the basal fifth to about the
middle ; hind vein with dark median vein extending almost
to tip.

Head as long as, or very slightly longer than, broad,
about as long as the prothorax, and 0°5 the length of the
antenne. Antennal joint 6 not divided ; prothorax without
setee at posterior angles. Wings broad near base, a few
spines on both upper and lower veins of fore wing, irregu-
larly placed and inconspicuous.

Hab. Eayrr: Bahteem, near Cairo, May Ist, 1911, com-
mon on maize (f. C. Willcocks).

Ei. alternans closely approaches EH. sudanensis (Tryb.),
but is sharply distinguished by the lighter basal joint of
antenne, the yellow prothorax, and the long head. It is also
a larger insect.

Physothrips lefroyt, sp.n. (Tea-flower thrips).

A very distinctive species.

? .—Length 1°4 to 1:7 mm.

Yellowish-white, lemon-yellow to yellow in darker speci-
mens ; bristles, cilia of wings, and antennal joints 2, 4, and
6 rich reddish brown. Antennal joint 4 basally yellow, and
5 only lightly tinged with reddish brown. Relative length
of joints 3 to 8 as follows :—26 : 26: 21: 21:3: 5.

Spines in upper vein of fore wing 2+3 near base, 1 near
middle, and 2 in distal third. Apical abdominal spines long.

$.—Slightly smaller. Ninth tergite with six stout dorsal
spines ; four moderately long, forming an obverse arc, and a
pair of shorter and stouter ones placed on a higher plane and
medianly within the circumference of the are. Spines and
cilia more lightly coloured and antenne practically uni-
colorous.

Hab. InviA: Lebong, Darjeeling, Bengal, in the flowers
of tea, Feb. 6th, 1909 (Alaawell Lefroy).

Named in honour of Prof. Maxwell Lefroy.

Physothrips funtumie, sp. n. (Rubber thrips).

? .—Length 1:45 to 1:6 mm. 1s
Colour dark grey-brown ; legs rather lighter and fore-tibiz

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 293

yellowish-brown to yellowish-white at tips; intermediate
(and usually hind) tibia yellowish-white at tips. Fore-wings
and cilia smoky yellowish-brown, lighter at base. Eyes
coarsely facetted, pilose. Relative lengths of antennal joints
3 to 8 as follows :—20 (with stem) : 20:16: 21: 4:5: 7°5.
Third broader than any of the succeeding joints; fifth and
sixth rather slender. Prothoracic bristles at posterior angles
0°65 the length of the prothorax. Legs sparingly clothed with
sete. Upper vein of fore-wing with 343 spines in the
hasal half near base, and only two spines in the distal half,
together near tip. Apical abdominal spines long.

6 .—Length 1:0 to 1:1 mm., and more slender than @?.

Each of the sternites 3 to 7 with a strongly transverse
pale depression near upper margin *, and numerous, more or
less small, irregular (but inclined to be roundish) areas of a
similar nature placed irregularly over the whole of the surface.
Ninth tergite with four short, stout, dorsal spines in the form
of an obverse arc, inner pair more apical and shorter than
the outer pair. Colour lighter ; third antennal joint yellowish-
white and joints 4 to 6 also yellowish-white in their basal
halves.

Hab. AFRICA: on rubber-trees (Puntumia elastica), Uganda
and Southern Nigeria (from several correspondents).

Physothrips usttatus, sp. n.

2 .—Length 1:6 mm.

Near P. sjéstedti (Tryb.). Colour brown, third antennal
joint yellowish-brown to greyish-yellow ; fore-femora (in
sjostedti dark) yellow, lightly tinged with brown, especially
on the outer margin ; fore-tibie, all tarsi, and intermediate
and hind-tibie at extreme apices yellow. Fore-wing lightly
tinged with brown at extreme base ; clear to basal third and
thence brown to apex, with a lighter patch just before apex ;
mid-vein of hind-wing extending to apex, brown; all spines
and cilia dark. Head almost as long as broad and not quite
as long as prothorax. Interocular bristles long. Antenne
2°5 times as long as the head; relative lengths of joints :—
13:15: 23:23:14:21:6:8. Double trichomes on joints
3 and 4 long and stout. Middle joint of maxillary palpi the
shortest. Upper vein of fore-wing with three basal bristles,
a series of 11 (10-13) commencing at about the first fourth
and running to, or just into, the distal third, and 2 at extreme
apex ; lower vein with series of 13 (12-15) bristles com-

* These may be broken up into a line of smaller depressions.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 21

29-4 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

mencing at basal third. Body elongate, only slightly broader
than the pterothorax. Apical segment about 0-2 shorter
than ninth abdominal segment ; bristles long, nearly as long
as the two apical segments together.

This species differs from both sjdstedti (Tryb.) and varia-
bilis, sp. n., in the long series of bristles in the lower vein
commencing at the basal third, instead of with the corre-
sponding series of upper vein at the basal fourth.

Hab. InpiA: Allahabad, in flowers of Butea frondosa
(A. D. Imms).

Physothrips variabilis, sp. n.

? .—Leneth 1:1 to 1°6 mm.

Near sjéstedtt (Tryb.) and usitatus, “sp. n., but broader.
Dark specimens dark chestnut-brown ; third antennal joint
yellow ; fore-tibize yellowish; intermediate and hind-tibie
grey-brown ; all tarsi yellowish. Light specimens light-grey
to yellowish-brown ; pterothorax lighter and abdominal
segments 1 to 7 yellowish, only slightly tinged with grey-
brown. Fore-wings and cilia light greyish-yellow, a lighter
patch near apex; basal third clear. Upper vein with three
basal spines, a series of 9 to 14 commencing at about the
first fourth, and running well into the distal fourth on to the
distal fifth ; 2 at extreme apex. Spines of lower vein com-
mencing also at the distal fourth. Head transverse, shorter
than prothorax; eyes pilose. Relative lengths of antennal
joints 3 to 8:—23: 24:16: 24:5:6. Double trichomes
on segments 3 and 4 very large. Abdominal bristles long.
Legs sparingly spinose.

Differs from sjéstedti (Tryb.) and usdtatus, sp. n., by the
broad form and transverse head and by the long series of
spines in the upper vein of fore-wing extending to beyond
the basal fourth.

Hab. Comoro Istanps?: ‘R. Oberthiir, Coll. Marie.
Mayotte?” (Leyden Museum).

Thrips assimilis, sp. n.

9 .—Length 1:1 mm.

Closely resembles 7. albopilosus, Uzel, but is larger and
differs in the following particulars :—Relative lengths of
antennal joints 3 to 7:—18: 15: 12:18:63; 5 distinctly
shorter than 4 and 5 and 6 both broader than 3 or 4. Upper
vein in fore-wing with 12 bristles, viz.6+1 in basal half and
5, more or less regularly placed, in distal half.

Hab. Tunis: Sousse, 1 9, Feb. 28th, 1903 (Biro).

Mr. R.S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 295

Suborder TUBULIFERA.
Family Phleothripide.

Compsothrips reuteri, sp. n.*

2? —Length about 2°0 mm.

Dark chestnut-brown, including legs and tarsi. Basal
antennal joint brown ; 2 shaded to yellow apically ; 3 clear
yellowish-white ; 4 to 6 yellow, with 5 lightly and 6 more
strongly shaded with brown apically; 7 brown and 8
yellowish-brown, lighter than 7. Head about 2°5 times as
long as the prothorax, and 1°75 as long as broad behind eyes ;
cheeks slightly arcuate at about the posterior third. Ptero-
thorax slightly longer than broad. Abdomen oblong-ovate,
sharply narrowed from segment 8 to base of tube. Tube
about 0°6 the length of the head and less than half (0-5) as
broad at apex as at base. Legs long.

Resembles C. (Leurothrips) linearis (Bagn.) in type of
coloration, but may be recognized by its smaller size, broader,
more ovate, and shorter body, and the relatively longer head
and legs.

Hab. Eayrt: Suez, 1 9, Aug. 4th, 1902 (Brro).

Cryptothrips trybomi, sp. n.T

3 .—Winged ; length just over 2°0 mm.

Colour chestnut-brown, head yellowish brown, and tip of
tube lighter ; all legs yellow, wings tinged lemon-yellow ;
antennze yellowish-brown, joint 3 lemon-yellow and 4 a
deeper yellow. Head about 1°6 times as long as broad and
2°2 as long as the prothorax. Moutli-cone broadly rounded,
extending to mesosternum. Eyes rather small, vertex raised,
Ocelli large ; postocular bristles present. Antenne 1°75 times
as long as head, joints 3 and 4 mildly claviform, and 5 and 6
elongate-fusiform, almost cylindrical. Prothorax strongly
transverse, 2°5 times as wide through middle as long; all
bristles present, long and light-coloured. Legs long. Nine
cilia near apex of fore wing duplicated. Abdomen elongate ;
tube 0°6 the length of the head.

Hab. GERMAN East AFrica: Moschi, Aug. 15th, 1905,
1 g (C. Katona).

Kasily distinguished by its type of coloration and by the
unusual form of the antennal joints 5 and 6,

* Named in honour of Prof. O. M. Reuter, Helsingfors.
+ Named in honour of the late Dr, Filip T'rybom of Stockholm,
21*

296 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Cryptothrips citricornis, sp. Nn.

3 .—Forma aptera.

Length about 2°5 mm.

Elongate and linear. Colour chestnut. to grey-brown ;
metathorax and abdominal segments 1 to 7 lighter, tinged
with yellow. Antenne yellow, sixth joint very faintly and
the penultimate and apical joints tinged with grey; all
femora grey-brown, with the extreme apices faintly yellowish ;
all tibie and tarsi lemon-yellow. Hypodermal pigmentation
deep and widely diffused.

Head almost as in ¢carus, Uz., not quite 1°5 as long as
broad just behind the eyes (where it is broadest), and nearly
twice as long as the prothorax, which is strongly transverse.
Ocelli moderately large, remote from inner margins of eyes.
Postocular and all prothoracic sete well developed, yellow.
Wings and wing-retaining spines absent. Tube about 0°65
the length of the head and 2°3 times as long as broad at base.
Apical bristles nearly as long as tube.

Related to tcarus, Uz., from which it may be distinguished
by its larger size, more elongated body, and also by its yellow
antenne, and the dark femora and light yellow tibie.

Hlab. GERMAN East ArricaA: Arusha, Oct. and Nov.,
1905 (C. Katona).

Haplothrips karnyi, sp. n.*

? .—Length about 1:9 mm.

Colour dark grey-brown ; crimson hypodermal pigmenta-
tion widely diffused; fore-tibize yellowish. Antennal joints
3 to 5 light yellow; 6also yellow, tinged with light greyish-
brown apically ; 7 yellowish grey-brown, and 8 darker brown.
Wings with a smoky tinge. Head and prothorax almost
as in kilimandjaricus (Tryb.) ; bead 1°35 as long as broad
and about 1°5 times as long as the prothorax. Postocular
and all prothoracic setze long and stout, knobbed. Mouth-
cone reaching a little more than halfway across prosternum.
Prothorax 1°6 broader than long. Fore-tarsus with a small
tooth. Posterior margin of fore-wing with seven cilia dupli-
cated near apex. Tube 0°6 the Jength of head ; abdominal
bristles long and moderately stout, wing-retaining bristles
stout.

HI. karnyt comes nearest to cahirens?s (Tryb.) and kilima-
ndjaricus (Tryb.), differing from both in the more greatly
developed postocular and prothoracic sete, and in the long

* Named in honour of Dr. H. Karny of Elbogen.

Mr. R. 8S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 297

abdominal bristles, those on segments 7 to 9 being nearly as
long as the tube. It differs trom usétatus (Bagn.) in this
latter respect and also in the longer head and prothorax.

Hab. GERMAN Hast Arrica; Arusha, Oct. and Noy.,
1905 (C. Katona).

Haplothrips longisetis, sp. n.

? .—Length about 1°75 mm.

Elongate and linear. Brown, first abdominal segments
somewhat lighter ; tube darker basally ; femora grey-brown ;
tibize yellow, tinged with brown on the outer margin and
basally ; third antennal joint yellow, fourth rather lighter
brown than the succeeding joints. Wings colourless, trans-
parent, posterior margin of fore-wing with four cilia dupli-
cated near apex. Head 1°14 as long as broad, about 1:25
as long as the prothorax, and about 0°6 the length of the
antenne. Mouth-cone very short and rounded. Prothorax
1:6 as broad as long; all sete present, knobbed. Fore-tarsus
with prominent tooth. Tube 0°58 the length of the head ;
apical sete exceptionally long, 2°25 times as long as the
tube ; those on ninth abdominal segment 1°5 the length of
the tube.

H. longisetis comes in the aculeatus group, but is readily
recognized by the long apical abdominal hairs.

Hab, ALEXANDRIA: one example found in a dead twig of
fig (Ficus sp.), March 6th, 1905.

Submitted by Mr. F. V. Theobald.

Haplothrips brevicollis, sp. n.

?.—This species has the fore-tarsus unarmed and comes
nearest to cahirensis (Tryb.). It may be separated from all
the species in that group, however, by its very short and
strongly transverse prothorax. The head is nearly 0°9 as
broad as long and 1°85 times the length of the prothorax,
which Jatter is 2°3 times as broad as long. The tube is 0°6
the length of the head. ‘The posterior margin of the fore-
wing has six cilia duplicated near the posterior margin.

Hab, AFRICA: Kibosho, 1903 (Kitlenberger).

Hloplandrothrips hoodt, sp. n.*

Forma macroptera.—Length 1°2 to 1°5 mm.
Colour yellowish-brown to grey-brown ; tube grey-brown,

* Named in honour of the American Thysanopterist, Mr. Douglas
Hood. :

298 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

darker near basal third and laterally. Antenne with joints
1to3 yellow; 4 and 5 light brown, with basal thirds yellow ;
6 light brown, with basal fourth yellow; 7 and 8 brown.
All femora light brown, shaded to yellow apically ; fore-tibize
yellow, and intermediate and hind-tibize yellowish distally
and basally. Hypodermal pigmentation thick.

Head twice as long as prothorax and about 1°25 times as
long as wide ; cheeks bulging behind eyes, and from thence
converging to base. Eyes finely facetted; ocelli moderately
large. Postocular bristles present, knobbed. Mouth-cone
extending across prosternum. Antenne more than twice as
long as the head. Prothorax strongly transverse, 2°3 times
as wide through middle as long; all bristles present,
knobbed. Nine cilia near apex of fore-wing duplicated.
Fore-legs stout and tarsi armed ; fore-tibiain the ¢ with one
tooth near base, and femur with two teeth near apex within ;
in the @ simple. Abdomen roundly narrowed from seg-
ment 6 to base of tube. Tube about 0°5 times the length of
head. Apical bristles almost as long as tube. Abdominal
bristles well-developed ; segments 3 to 8 with one shorter
stout pair and one straight knobbed pair.

Forma aptera.—Wings and wing-retaining spines absent.

Hab. GERMAN East Africa: Arusha, f. macroptera, 1 3,
f. aptera, 1 S andl ¢, Oct.—Nov., 1905 (C. Katona).

Trichothrips longicornis, sp. n.

Forma aptera.—Length about 1°6 mm.

Yellowish to chestnut-brown, head and abdomen generally
darker ; tube shaded to yellow at apex. Tore-tibia, at least
apically, yellowish ; basally and along the upper and lower
margins dark brown. Antenne with basal joint concolorous
with head ; 2 yellowish, tinged with brown basally ; 3 to 6
clear lemon-yellow, 6 sometimes faintly tinged and 7 and 8
very lightly tinged with brown.

Head quadrate, only 0°08 longer than broad and about
1°5 times as long as the prothorax ; cheeks parallel to basal
fourth, then slightly narrowed posteriorly. Eyes well-deve-
loped; front ocellus facing forwards; postocular bristles
long. Mouth-cone broadly rounded, not quite reaching
across the prosternum. Antenne about 2°2 times the length
of head, set below vertex ; relative lengths of antennal joints
3 to 8 as follows:—20:19: 20: 21:23:18; two apical
joints slender.

Prothorax transverse, 0°5 as long as broad; pterothorax
nearly as broad as the width across fore-coxe, slightly

On new Species of Pyralide. 299

broader than long. Abdomen elongate, almost parallel to
segment 7. ‘Tube about 0°7 the length of the head. Abdo-
minal spines pointed.

Nearest 7’. femoralis, Moulton, from which it may be
distinguished by the shorter and more transverse prothorax,
the relative lengths of the distal antennal joints, the shorter
tube, and the colour of the fore-tibia and tube.

flab, West Arrica: Sierra Leone.

Numerous dried specimens in the British Museum.

XXX VIII.— Descriptions of new Species of Pyralidz of the
Subfamily Pyraustine. By Sir Georce F. Hampson,
Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

{Continued from p. 38. |

(7 b) Tegostoma confluentalis, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with pale
brown. Fore wing reddish brown; the base suffused with
white ; the costal edge white ; an oblique white medial band,
straight from costa to vein 1, then curved outwards and
joining at inner margin the rather strong, obliquely curved,
yellowish-white postmedial line; termen narrowly white ;
cilia white. Hind wing white slightly tinged with brown.

Hab. Eexrr (Fortescue), 1 2 type. Exp. 26 mm.

(8a) Tegostoma anemica, sp. n.

3g. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish tinged with pale
red-brown. Fore wing pale red-brown ; an oblique yellowish-
white postmedial band defined on outer side by red-brown.
Hind wing pale red-brown.

Hab. Batucnistan, Mekran Coast, Ormara (Cumming),
1 $type. Ezp. 12 mm.

(8a) Noctuelia tristrigalis, sp. n.

Black; fore coxz and mid femora with white streaks ;
abdomen with the ventral surface white except at extremity ;
anal tuft white. Fore wing with orange-yellow patch from
base extending below costa to beyond middle and to tornus,
leaving the costa and inner margin narrowly black, its outer

300 Sir G. F. Hanipson on new

edge straight, oblique, the subcostal and median nervures
and vein 1 streaked with black. Hind wing uniform black,
the underside somewhat brown.

Hab. Braziu, Castro Parafia, 1 ¢ type, type 2? in Coll.
Schaus. Hap. 28 mm.

(9a) Noctuelia auranticeps, sp. nu.

g. Head and tegule orange, the palpi at tips, frons, and
antenne black ; thorax and abdomen glossy blackish brown,
the latter with the genital tufts whitish. Fore wing brown
with a faint olive tinge, the veins blackish. Hind wing
black-brown slightly glossed with silvery blue; the underside
more strongly suffused with silvery blue.

Hab. Prrv, Pocuzo,2 ¢ type. Hap. 28 mm.

(10 a) Noctuelia mesozonalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi orange, brown at tips; frons and antenne
brown; vertex of head and base of tegule orange; thorax
brown; pectus and legs pale yellow, the fore tibiz with
fuscous bands at extremity ; abdomen dorsally brown, with
orange sides and pale yellow ventral surface, the extremity
brown. Fore wing red-brown with oblique pale yellow
medial band expanding somewhat towards costa. Hind wing
orange with broad brown terminal band expanding somewhat
at discal fold and narrowing towards tornus.

Hab. Arcuntina, Florenzia, Gran Chaco (Wagner), 1 2
type. Hap. 22 mm.

(17 a) Noctuelia annuliferalis, sp. n.

3g. White; head tinged with red-brown; palpi dark
brown, white below; tegule with brown line at base;
patagia with brown bars ; legs tinged with brown ; abdomen
with diffused dark brown segmental lines. Fore wing
yellowish white, with red-brown markings filled in with pure
white ; a brown point below base of cell and oblique striga
from base of costa conjoined by brown suffusion on costa to
the brown outline of two conjoined antemedial white spots
in and below the cell, the inner rather triangular, the outer
round, and each connected with inner margin by a brown
line; a rounded white spot defined by brown in end of cell
and a quadrate spot below end of cell connected with the
inner margin by an oblique brown line; the veins beyond the
cell streaked with brown ; a conical postmedial white patch
defined by brown from costa to vein 4, its inner defining line

Species of Pyralide. 301

not reaching costa, but bent round to the spots in end of
cell, a rounded spot below and beyond it between veins 5
and 2, and a lunulate spot nearer base in submedian inter-
space ; beyond the conical and rounded marks are six small
white spots in the interspaces defined by brown; a fine brown
terminal line ; cilia pure white with three small brown spots
at middle. Hind wing white, the termen tinged with
yellow; a brown medial line from below costa to vein 1,
forming a fork in and just below end of cell; postmedial
line strongly excurved between veins 5 and 2 and ending on
termen at vein 1, where it is rather irregular, and with a
brown bar across its sinus; a minutely waved subterminal
line, slightly excurved between veins 5 and 2, where it
terminates ; a fine brown terminal line; cilia pure white,
with series of small brown spots from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Transvaau, Pretoria (Janse), 1 2 ; Basuronanp,
Masite (Weigall), 1 g type; C. Cotony, Kokstad (Mrs.
Pringle), 1 $. Exp. 26 mm.

(176) Noctuelia albidalis, sp. n.

¢. White. Fore wing with the costal area faintly tinged
with brown to the postmedial line; a slight medial rufous
striga above vein 1 ; postmedial line represented by an oblique
rufous line from costa to vein 7, then a faint line with a few
dark scales on it from vein 6 nearer termen to vein 1, oblique
and slightly sinuous below vein 4, with a faint rather diffused
rufous line beyond it from vein 3 to inner margin; a rather
diffused, minutely waved, rufous subterminal line, indistinct
below vein 4; a fine black terminal line ; cilia with a slight
rufous line through them. Hind wing with the terminal
area tinged with brown; a fine black terminal line except
towards tornus ; cilia with a faint brown line near base, the
tips tinged with brown at apex and submedian interspace.

Hab. Persian Guir, Fao (Cumming), 1 9 type. Exp.
20 mm.

Genus STENOPTYCHA.

Type.
Stenoptycha, Zell. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1863, p. 154 ...... Tce
Atomopteryx, Wism. Ent. Mo. Mag. xxvii. p. 216
GISOR Ok et abril abet Sta S3phd ll Lids). Od 7, doeri.

Hind wing with veins 4, 5 coincident, arising from the cell
or stalked with vein 3.

A. Fore wing with semicircular postmedial dark mark
below costa.
a. Fore wing with the semicircular mark oblique and
produced at outer extremity ............e.eee erschoffiana.

302 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

b. Fore wing with the semicircular mark not oblique
or produced at outer extremity.

. Fore wing with the subterminal line obtusely
angled outwards below apex.

a’. Fore wing with the ground-colour bright

THLOUS WES A Els atts Eats de eMart tea mie ceelodactyla.
6?. Fore wing with the ground-colour purplish
Ted-DLOWNL, bake» soptikeeeees 6 ieee eee peruviana.
b'. Fore wing with the subterminal line acutely
angled outwards below apex ...........5+55- incalis.

B. Fore wing without semicircular postmedial dark mark
below costa.

a. Fore wing with the subterminal line very acutely

angled outwards below apex, then sharply bent

ATA HUTS a tate ea Worcrois oat te oe hates en egeers MCTa eer serpentiferd.
6. Fore wing with the subterminal line less acutely
angled outwards below apex, then incurved .... pterophoralis.

c. Fore wing with the subterminal line evenly and
obliquely curved below the angle below apex .. doeri.

(1) Stenoptycha erschoffiana, Zell. Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross, xiii.
p- 457, pl. vi. fig. 159 (1877).

Hab. CoiomBia.

(2) Stenoptycha ceelodactyla, Zell. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1863,
p- 154, pl. i. fig. 12.
Stenoptycha lindigi, Feld. Reis. Nov. pl. exl. fig. 61 (1874).
Stenoptycha zeller?, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 57.

Agathodes dubitalis, Maasen, Stiibel’s Reise, p. 170, pl. ix. fig. 21
(1890).

Hab. Mexico; Costa Rica ; CotomsBra; Ecuapor ; Cait.

(3) Stenoptycha peruviana, Zell. Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross. xii.
p. 457 (1877).

Hab. Peru ; ARGENTINA.

(4) Stenoptycha incalis, sp. n.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish rufous mixed
with some dark brown; antennz brownish ringed with
white, whitish towards tips; fore tibiz with blackish band
at extremity, the tarsi white with black band at extremity of
first joint; hind tibie and tarsi white; abdomen with
minute oblique subdorsal white streaks on first segment and
small subdorsal blackish spots on medial segments. Fore
wing purplish rufous shghtly irrorated and in parts suffused
with brown ; a slight dark antemedial shade on costal area
and minute tuft of raised blackish scales defined by a white

Species of Pyralide. 303

annulus on inner area; the discal fold thinly scaled from
before end of cell to termen, some whitish scales above it in
end of cell ; a rather semicircular whitish mark from below
end of cell to inner margin; a hoop-shaped black mark
below the costa beyond end of cell; some oblique brown striz
from apical part of costa ; subterminal line indistinct, dark,
slightly defined on outer side by whitish, angled outwards
below costa, then incurved to vein 4, where it is angled out-
wards, then oblique and very minutely waved to above inner
margin ; a narrow terminal dark band slightly defined on
inner side by a whitish line; cilia brown, white at tips
towards tornus. Hind wing semihyaline white; the veins
towards end of cell brownish ; a fine dark terminal line
expanding into a slight patch at vein 2 and emitting a short
streak on extremity of vein 1; cilia with a slight dark line
at middle towards apex and some brown at vein 2; the
underside with the costa brown.

Hab. Peru, Cuzco Mts. (Garlepp), 1 gS type. Eup.
24 mm.

(5) Stenoptycha serpentifera, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish rufous mixed with
some dark brown ; antenne slightly ringed with blackish
towards base, whitish towards tips; fore tibiz with dark
band at extremity, the hind tibiz and the tarsi whitish ;
abdomen with whitish dorsal patch at base, the medial seg-
ments with subdorsal blackish spots. Fore wing purplish
rufous irrorated with blackish ; an antemedial black striga
from costa and rather triangular dark shade on inner area;
a brown spot defined by blackish in middle of cell, its upper
extremity produced ; a medial black line defined on outer
side by whitish from cell to inner margin, acutely angled
outwards in submedian fold; the discal fold thinly scaled
from middle of cell to near termen ; an oblique brown band
defined by blackish from below costa at end of cell to sub-
median fold, its upper extremity somewhat produced on
inner and outer sides; subterminal line blackish slightly
defined on outer side by whitish except towards costa,
acutely angled outwards below costa, then strongly bent
inwards and slightly angled outwards at vein 4, at sub-
median fold curving inwards and joining the oblique band ;
some slight dark spots on apical part of costa; a series of
black striz slightly defined on inner side by white before
termen; cilia brown, white at tips towards tornus. Hind
wing pale brown, the inner area whitish, with three oblique
dark bars; a small dark postmedial spot on vein 2 with

304 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

some dark irrorations before and beyond it; cilia white
with a brown line near base from apex to vein 2 and inter-
sected with brown at tips at veins 3 and 5.

Hab. Banamas, Nassau (Sir G. Carter, Bonhote), 4 9
type ; Cusa, Santiago (Schaus), 1 2, Matanzas (Schaus),
1 go. Hep. 16-20 mm.

(6) Stenoptycha pterophoralis, Wik. xxxiv. 1340 (1865).

Hab. Bawamas; Jamaica; Cupa; St. Domineo; An-
TiguA; CoLomBia; Br. Gurana.

(7) Stenoptycha doeri, Wism. Ent. Mo. Mag. xxvii. p. 216
(1891), and Nov. Lep. pl. xii. fig. 1.

Hab. Mexico; Cotompra ; Bonivia; S. Braziu.

Auctorum.
Stenoptycha unicolor, Hering, Stett, ent. Zeit. Ixvii. p. 147

(1906).

Perv.
Genus LinEopDEs. Type

Lineodes, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 234 (1854) ........ hieroglyphalis.
Scoptonoma, Zell. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxiil.

[Mes yiow CRY GUE Sea ar eistae wanda sy hae NAD ae integra.

A. Hind wing with comet-shaped brown discoidal mark
defined by black.
a. ae wing hyaline except the terminal area.
. Ground-colour of fore wing and terminal area of
hind wing bright red- Licowin Hecde see eerese hieroglyphals.
b'. Ground-colour of fore wing and terminal area of
hind wing dull reddish brown .............. convolutalis.
b, Hind wing brown, with a hyaline bar beyond the
discoidal MO Arls 5. thik te ab eibkis Macdldle dee esate ere petersent.
B. Hind wing with small brown spots defined by black
at upper and lower angles of cell.
a, Hind wing hyaline, the postmedial line well sepa-
rated from the lower discoidal spot............ tridentalis.
b. Hind wing tinged with brown, the postmedial line

connected with the lower discoidal BpOb ys 5 sep encystalis.
C. Hind wing with brown annulus defined by black and
some black irroration in centre at lower angle of
3 a a I otto Gear ek i a yc 2 ogy otc latipennis.
D Hind wing without brown discoidal marks defined
by black.

Hind wing with short curved black streak below

vein 2 near its base.
Fore wing with triangular white mark in end of

cell,

Species of Pyralide. 305

a>, Fore wing with the triangular mark in end of
cell defined by black.
a’, Fore wing with the triangular mark in end

of cell produced at lower extremity ...... dianalis,
6°. Fore wing with the triangular mark in end
of cell not produced at lower extremity .. tipuloides.
6°. Fore wing with the triangular mark in end of
cell not defined by Blank . oc... 2... .ks ens. hamulalis,
b’. Fore wing with curved white fascia defined by
black in lower extremity of cell ............ leucostrigalis.

b. Hind wing without black streak below vein 2.
a’. Fore wing with the subterminal line bent in-
wards at vein 3 and not forming a sinus below
that point.
a*. Fore wing with curved white streak defined
by black in lower extremity of cell ........ integra.
b°, Fore wing with triangular white mark defined
by black in end of cell.
a’. Fore wing with the triangular mark in end
of cell produced at lower extremity ...... interrupta.
6°. Fore wing with the triangular mark in end
of cell not produced at lower extremity .. contortalis.
b'. Fore wing with the subterminal line forming a
sinus below vein 3.
a’, Fore wing with the sinus of the postmedial
line short and broad.
a’. Fore wing with curved white fascia defined

by black in lower extremity of cell ...... mesodonta.
6°. Fore wing with conical white mark slightly
defined by blackish in end of cell........ aztecalis.

e*, Fore wing with diffused whitish mark not
defined by black in end of cell.
a‘, Fore wing grey-brown strongly irrorated

WAGE, LIEBE rermicreihe aby che sie nthe matt nin subextincta.
b*. Fore wing ochreous tinged with rufous
and slightly irrorated with black ...... ochrea.

b*, Fore wing with the sinus of the subterminal
line long and narrow.
a’. Fore wing with triangular white mark
defined by black in end of cell .......... Sontella.
6*®, Fore wing with conical white mark irro-
rated with brown in end of cell.
a‘, Fore wing pale red-brown ............ undulata.
b‘. Fore wing dark brown irrorated with
blackish.
a’, Fore wing with round dark spot in
middle of cell defined by a Y-shaped
whitish band ..........: PETE cyclophora.

OLCOR CY ites Cte nite ohraticce es oes serpulalis.
ce’. Fore wing without subterminal line .......... pelychroalis.

(1) Lineodes hieroglyphalis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 235, pl. iii.
fig. 6 (1854).
Hab. Bourvia; S. Braziz.

506 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(2) Lineodes convolutalis, sp. n.

Lineodes hieroglyphalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 264 (nee
Guen.).

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown mixed with
some dark brown ; palpi with some whitish in front; frons
with lateral white lmes. Fore wing pale red-brown irrorated
with dark brown; an antemedial whitish patch from cell to
inner margin, its outer edge angled outwards in submedian
fold ; an oblique wedge-shaped white patch defined by black
from middle of costa to median nervure; a triangular white
patch defined by black in end of cell, its lower edge concave,
its inner extremity conjoined to an oblique white mark below
the cell, with its outer edge angled on vein 2, and with an
oblique black line before its outer edge extending to inner
margin; a small white spot on costa above end of cell ; sub-
terminal line black defined on each side by white to discal
fold, then on outer side only, acutely angled outwards below
apex, then incurved, and at submedian fold curving inwards
and upwards to the outer extremity of the triangular patch
in end of cell; two minute white spots on costa towards
apex ; a white line before termen from below apex to above
vein 4 which is defined above and below by white streaks
extending to the subterminal line; a curved white striga
above tornus confluent with the sinus of the subterminal
line. Hind wing semihyaline whitish, the inner area tinged
with brown ; a comet-shaped brown discoidal mark defined
by blackish, its head turned downwards and extending to
submedian fold ; postmedial line black slightly defined on
outer side by whitish, oblique, ending at vein 2, the area
beyond it fuscous to the slightly sinuous white subterminal
line, defined on outer side by blackish and also ending at
vein 2; a terminal ochreous-brown band to vein 2; cilia
whitish, with a black line through them.

Hab. Costa Rica, lrazu (Rogers), 2 2 type, Candelaria
Mts. (Underwood), 1 ¢, Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap.22 mm,

(3) Lineodes peterseni, sp. n., Wlsm.

Scoptonoma petersent, Z. MS., Meyr. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1886, 2
(1886) ZN,

Antenne cinereous, spotted with fuscous. Palpicinereous,
with a dark brown stripe externally. Head chestnut-brown,
interspersed with a few whitish scales ; a dark brown shade,
margined with whitish, projects forward from the antenne.
Thorax brownish fuscous, the patagia and tegule mottled

Species of Pyralide. 307

with cinereous. Fore wings brown, tinged with ferruginous
toward the base of the dorsum, much mottled with darker
shades, and with several curved and angulated dark brownish-
fuscous streaks margined with white ; the first, within the
basal fourth, narrowly margined with white on both sides;
the second, about the middle of the wing, angulate outward,
margined widely on the inner and narrowly on the outer
side with white ; above these are two lunate semitransparent
white patches, the first small, communicating narrowly with
the second, which is larger and dark-margined ; beyond this
conspicuous white patch is an inwardly curved dark fuscous
streak, narrowly pale-margined ; this is followed by a more
important curved and angulate line of the same colour, its
acute outer angle pointing toward the apex and reverting to
the costa; this line is also margined with white; beneath
this, and extending nearly to the apex, is a dark quadrate
patch containing two pale brownish lines, margined on its
lower and outer edge by a narrow white line, sharply angu-
late inward above the middle of the termen, parallel to which
it runs thence nearly to the tornus; three or four costal
streaks, toward the apex, appear to continue the ornamenta-
tion produced by some conspicuous dark interruptions in the
pale cilia of the termen. zp. al. 21-22 mm. Hind wings
brownish fuscous, with white and dark fuscous spots and
lines ; about the middle of the wing is a dark fuscous spot,
preceded by a small pale space, and followed by a larger
one, around the edge of which, except at its costal extremity,
runs a dark fuscous line margined with white; a dark
fuscous line along the termen is preceded by a narrow white
line and followed by a darker fuscous line in the dirty whitish
cilia. Abdomen pale brownish, with darker lateral lines.
Legs brownish ; the anterior tibie fringed at the end with
fuscous scales.

Type g (101631) Mus. Wlsm. (Zell. Coll.) B.M. [Pr
(101643) Mus. Meyr.].

Hab. Corompra (Petersen) ; Jiminez, 1600 ft., III. 1907
(W. F. H. Rosenberg). Eight specimens.

Seven specimens of this species were in the Zeller Collec-
tion labelled “ Scoptonoma peterseni, Z. lit. Columbia”; one
of these specimens (101643) is referred to by Meyrick (Tr.
Ent. Soc. Lond. 1886, 2).

(4) Lineodes tridentalis, sp. n.

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown mixed with
some white and blackish ; palpi with black mark on ‘first
joint, the second joint black above, the third joit black ;

308 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

frons with black streaks at sides; antenne with the shaft
ringed with blackish towards base; fore tibiz blackish on
inner side, the hind tibiz blackish at extremity, the tarsi
ochreous white; abdomen with blackish segmental lines
except at base. Tore wing rufous slightly suffused in parts
with fuscous ; an antemedial white spot in submedian inter-
space, with black striz at middle and on outer edge, an
oblique wedge-shaped white spot defined at sides by black
beyond it in cell; a triangular white patch defined by black
in end of cell, its lower edge somewhat concave, its inner
extremity conjomed to an oblique bidentate white spot
defined by black in submedian interspace, defined by white
on outer side with a black point beyond its upper tooth and
a black striga from it to inner margin; two whitish points
on postmedial part of costa; subterminal line black, defined
on each side by white towards costa, acutely angled outwards
below apex, then incurved, excurved at middle, and at sub-
median fold retracted upwards to the outer extremity of the
triangular patch in end of cell ; a black line before termen
defined on inner side by a narrow white band edged with
black from just below costa to discal fold, where it expands
ou inner side into a spot, then slightly defined on inner side
by white; a fine minutely waved black terminal line not
extending to apex ; cilia white, with black marks at apex,
middle, and tornus. Hind wing semihyaline whitish, the
inner area tinged with brown; slight brownish spots at
upper angle of cell and below lower angle, the latter with
black striga on its outer edge; a sinuous blackish sub-
terminal line from costa to vein 2; the terminal area brown
except towards tornus, with a sinuous blackish lie defined
on inner side by whitish from costa to vein 2 ; cilia white,
with a black line near base; the underside with the costa
suffused with red-brown, black spots on subcostal nervure at
middle and end of cell, the subterminal line strong and
black from costa to discal fold.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 3 type; Boxivia, 1 ¢.
Exp. 18-20 mm.

(5) Lineodes encystalis, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous mixed with red-
brown; palpi yellowish, with some black scales on first
joint, the second joint black behind, the third joint black ;
frons with black and white streaks at sides; abdomen with
lateral tuft of blackish scales except towards base. Fore
wing yellowish suffused with red-brown and slightly irrorated
with blackish ; an antemedial white bar on inner area defined

Species of Pyralide. 309

at sides by black, an oblique white bar defined at sides by
black beyond it from costa ; a triangular white patch defined
by black in end of cell, its lower edge rather concave, its
inner extremity conjoined to a bidentate white mark in sub-
median interspace, with a bidentate black line near its outer
edge and an oblique black striga from it to inner margin 3
two white points on postmedial part of costa ; subterminal
line black, defined on each side by white to discal fold,
acutely angled outwards below apex, then incurved, slightly
angled outwards at vein 4, and at vein 3 bent inwards and
upwards to the outer extremity of the triangular white
patch in end of cell ; a minutely waved black line defined on
inner side by white before termen from below apex to discal
fold, where it expands into a small wedge-shaped spot, and a
fine sinuous white line from vein 3 to tornus; cilia white
chequered with black towards apex, at middle, and at tornus.
Hind wing whitish suffused with brown ; a small blackish
annulus with blackish point in centre below end of cell; a
slight sinuous, oblique, blackish, postmedial line from costa
to submedian fold; traces of a sinuous whitish line before
termen from costa to submedian fold; cilia white, with a
black line through them ; the underside with patches of
blackish scales on subcostal nervure at middle and end of cell,
and an oblique, rather diffused, black postmedial line from
costa to discal fold.

Hab. Grenava, Mount Gay (H. H. Smith), 3 2 type;
St. Vincent (H. H. Smith), 1 ¢.* Exp. 18 mm.

(6a) Lineodes latipennis, sp. n., Wlsm.

Antennz cinereous. Palpi cinereous, mottled externally
with dark brown scales. Head ferruginous brown ; face
dirty whitish, shaded with ferruginous brown, a dark brown
spot between the eyes. Thorax ferruginous, mottled ante-
riorly and laterally with dark brown, and posteriorly with
dark brown and dirty whitish scales. Fore wings ferru-
ginous brown, streaked and mottled with dark fuscous
scales, with a pale basal patch and two semitransparent
quadrate costal spots, and some white costal streaks before
the apex; at the base, occupying almost one-third of the
dorsum, but narrowed towards the costa, is a creamy white
basal patch with some admixture of pale ferruginous scales,
containing two dark spots—one dorsal, at the extreme base,
the other subcostal, slightly removed from the base ; on the
costa, at about one-third, is a slightly oblique, dark-
margined, semitransparent, iridescent, pearly white patch,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 22

310 Sir G. F, Hampson on new

followed by a larger quadrate patch of the same colour on
the middle of the costa, also bordered by a narrow dark
fuscous line which is continued beneath along the cubitus ;
on the costa toward the apex are three oblique white streaks,
the first and largest containing a dark fuscous line, sharply
angulate outwardly toward the apex, and continued in an
undulating course, nearly parallel with the termen, until it
approaches the tornus, where it is bent backward and up-
ward toward the costa, slightly below which it is connected
with the outer border of the quadrate white spot ; before
this line the dorsal half of the wing is much clouded with
dark fuseous, and beyond it an elongate dark cloud precedes
the upper half of the termen, on which are three white
streaks running through the ferruginous darkly mottled cilia.
Exp. al.17 mm. Hind wings similar to the fore wings in
ornamentation and colouring; with a quadrate, semi-
transparent, iridescent, pearly white patch about the middle
of the wing in the basal half, produced narrowly upward
toward the costa, margined on either side by dark fuscous
lines, and followed by dark fuscous shading, interrupted in
the middle by the paler ground-colour, through which run
two transverse fuscous lines ; the middle of the dorsum is
shaded with dark fuscous, a whitish streak running through
the ferruginous cilia below the apex. Abdomen dirty
whitish, mottled at the base and sides with dark fuscous
scales. Legs: posterior tibiz nearly three times the length
of the femora, cinereous; the tarsi dirty whitish; anterior
tibie and tarsi white, stained with pale ferruginous, a con-
spicuous fringe of mottled fuscous scales at the end of the
tibiee.
Type 2 (101642) Mus. Wlsm. (Zell. Coll.). B.M.
Hab. Coromsta (Petersen). Unique.

(7) Lineodes dianalis, sp. n.

Red-brown ; palpi pale at base, blackish at tips; frons
with lateral white streaks ; patagia and metathorax with
slight black spots; abdomen with dorsal and lateral series of
blackish points and sublateral fuscous streaks. Fore wing
slightly suffused with blackish; subbasal black points on
costa and in cell ; antemedial line black, defined by white on
inner side, acutely angled outwards on median nervure, and
very oblique towards costa and inner margin ; an oblique
white striga on costa above end of cell; postmedial line
black, defined by yellowish white on outer side and also on
inner side below the cell, obliquely incurved from costa to

Spectes of Pyralide. FA

vein 5, where it is very acutely angled, then retracted to
upper angle of cell, oblique to origin of vein 2, on which
it is angled outwards, then oblique to inner margin; sub-
terminal line black defined by white on outer side, very
acutely angled outwards below apex, then strongly incurved
to vein 5, and prominently defined by white on each side,
forming a lunulate mark, oblique between veins 5 and 2,
then retracted with an outward curve to the angle of post-
medial line and running as a fine streak to lower angle of
cell, a black patch beyond it below apex; a white line just
before termen, incurved below apex, excurved at middle,
then incurved; cilia black at base, white at tips. Hind
wing yellowish suffused with brown, the costal area and
terminal area to vein 2 red-brown; the inner margin
suffused with black towards tornus; a brown discoidal spot
conjoined to the costal area; an oblique slightly sinuous
black postmedial line from vein 4 to submedian fold, with
black striga before it below vein 2 ; a slightly sinuous white
subterminal line; cilia black at base, white at tips.

Hab. Brazir, Sao Paulo (Jones), 1 g type, Rio Janeiro,
Tijuca (Wagner),1 9,1 2. Hap. 24mm.

(8) Lineodes tipuloides, W1sm. P. Z. S. 1891, p. 493.
Hab. Trinipap.

(9) Lineodes hamulalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax pale grey-brown; palpi blackish;
frons with black lateral streaks ; abdomen pale grey-brown
tinged with rufous except at base, some black irroration at
sides. Fore wing pale grey-brown suffused in parts with
rufous; an oblique whitish antemedial line from cell to inner
margin, slightly defined at sides by blackish scales ; an ill-
defined whitish triangular patch in end of cell, an oblique
whitish band from its inner extremity to inner margin, with
a slight blackish line near its outer edge ; an oblique wedge-
shaped discoidal mark, defined by black except above ; some
small black spots on apical part of costa ; subterminal line
black, defined on each side by whitish to discal fold, then on
outer side only, acutely angled outwards below apex, then
incurved, excurved at middle, then oblique, at submedian
fold forming a hook and retracted upwards to the discoidal
mark, some black suffusion beyond it at discal fold before
the whitish line before termen which is excurved at middle,
meurved above and below middle, aud with black points
beyond it at discal fold and tornus. Hind wing whitish

312 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

suffused with brown ; a minute blackish annulus at upper
angle of cell; a minute streak below lower angle and some
black strize on inner area; traces of a sinuous blackish sub-
terminal line; a rather punctiform black terminal line
slightly defined on inner side by whitish; cilia white, with a
black line through them; the underside with the costal area
irrorated with black, a black spot at upper angle of cell, the
subterminal line more distinct and angled inwards at discal
fold.

Hab. Axrcentina, Tucuman (Dinelly), 1 2 type. Hap.
24 mm.

(10) Lineodes leucostrigalis, sp. u.

3. Red-brown ; palpi pale, with black bars at extremity
of first jot and tips; frons black at base of sides, then with
lateral white streaks ; pectus and legs pale ; abdomen pale
ochreous, with lateral red-brown fasciez. Fore wing with
the costal area pale, with two linear red-brown marks defined
by black towards apex ; antemedial line slight, black, defined
by white on inner side below the cell, acutely angled out-
wards on median nervure and very oblique toward costa
and inner margin ; postmedial line black, arising from below
costa, oblique to vein 4, where it is acutely angled, then
retracted to upper angle of cell, and with curved yellowish
streak below it, then oblique to origin of vein 2, on which it
is acutely angled outwards, then oblique to inner margin
and defined on each side by pale yellow; subterminal line
black, defined on outer side by white from costa to vein 5,
forming a very elongate and acute tooth outwards below
apex, then very strongly incurved to vein 5 and defined by
white also on inner side, again bent outwards, oblique and
slightly sinuous to vein 2, then retracted to angle of post-
medial line and forming a slight streak to lower angle of
cell, a black patch beyond its sinus, defined by white on
outer and lower sides and with fine white streaks on the two
veins traversing it; a strigiform white subterminal line
between veins 5 and 1, angled inwards in submedian fold; a
fine black terminal line ; cilia chequered black and white.
Hind wing pale yellowish, the terminal area red-brown
from apex to vein 1, very broad at costa and angled inwards
at discal and submedian folds ; a blackish patch at tornus ; a
brown spot at upper angle of cell; a fine oblique black post-
medial line between vein 5 and submedian foid, with black
striga before it below vein 2; a slightly sinuous white line
just before termen from apex to submedian fold; cilia
orange at base, with black medial line and white tips.

Hab. Bouivia, Yungas la Paz, 2 ¢ type. Hap. 26 mm.

Species of Pyralidz. 313

(11) Lineodes integra, Zell. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,
Xxiil. p. 328, pl. iv. fig. 44 (1878).

Hab. U.S.A., Texas, Florida; Cupa; Grenapa.

(12) Lineodes interrupta, Zell. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,
XXill. p. 329 (1878).
Hab. U.S.A., Texas.

(13) Lineodes contortalis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 236 (1854).
Hab. Mexico; S. Brazin; ArGentrNa,

(14) Lineodes mesodonta, sp. n.
Scoptonoma tipuloides, Wism. P. Z. S. 1891, p. 393 ( part.).

Head and thorax purplish rufous mixed with some whitish
and black ; palpi with minute black streak at base of second
joint and the extremity of second joint and the third joint
blackish ; frons whitish, with fuscous patch at middle ; tarsi
whitish ; abdomen ochreous brown, with slight lateral black
points on medial segments. Fore wing whitish suffused with
red-brown; whitish streaks below base of costa and cell 1a
very oblique whitish antemedial bar defined at sides by black
from submedian fold to inner margin; a triangular whitish
mark in end of cell defined above by black, which forms an
oblique black-defined tooth on discocellulars ; a very oblique
white mark from below end of cell to above inner margin, its
upper extremity acutely angled outwards, defined by black
on inner side and with a fine black line near its outer edge ;
subterminal line black, defined on each side by white to
vein 4, then slightly by white on outer side, acutely angled
outwards below apex, then incurved, excurved at middle and
at submedian fold retracted upwards to the discoidal tooth,
a patch of black suffusion beyond it, with white streaks on
veins 7, 6 before the white line before termen, defined on
outer side by blackish, at discal fold expanding on inner
side into a spot, and excurved at middle ; cilia white,
chequered with black at apex, middle, and tornus. Hind
wing semihyaline white, a black terminal line defined on
inner side by white, with some brownish suffusion before it
from apex to vein 2 ; cilia white, ochreous at base, and with
black medial line to vein 2; the underside with the costa
suffused with brown, a black streak in upper part of cell.

Hab. CoromBta (Petersen), 4 3,1 ¢ type. Kap. 20-
22 mm.

314 Sir G. F. Hampsou on new

(15) Lineodes aztecalis, sp. u.

Lineodes contortalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 264 (nec
Guen.).

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown; palpi
blackish towards tips; sides of frons blackish; abdomen
with small dorsal blackish spot at base. Fore wing pale
greyish brown; an oblique medial black shade defined at
sides by fine black lines from cell to inner margin; a
discoidal spot slightly defined at sides by blackish, angled
inwards above on subcostal nervure, a black point above it
on costa ; subterminal line black defined on outer side by
whitish to vein 4, very acutely angled outwards below apex,
then incurved, below vein 4 indistinct, oblique and sinuous
to just above inner margin, then retracted upwards to the
discoidal spot ; a white line defined on each side by blackish
suffusion before termen, between veins 6 and 4 strongly
bidentate inwards, forming a rather diffused W-mark, in-
curved below vein 3 and ending on termen above tornus ;
cilia ochreous at base, with black medial line, the tips white
chequered with black. Hind wing semihyaline whitish; a
black terminal line defined on inner side by white, with
brown suffusion before it towards costa; cilia ochreous at
base, with black medial line and white tips slightly mixed
with blackish; the underside with the costa brownish
irrorated with black, a blackish spot at upper angle of cell.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Trujillo), 1 2 type, Godman-
Salvin Coll. Hap. 26 mm.

(16) Lineodes subextincta, Wism. Faun. Hawaii, i. p. 470,
plex. fe. (1907).

Hab, Hawatt.

(17) Lineodes ochrea, Wism. Faun. Hawaii, i. pp. 469, 731,
pl. x. fig. 1 (1907).

Hab. Hawaii.

(18) Lineodes fontella, sp. n., Wlsm.

Lineodes contortalis, Hmpsn. P. Z.8. 1899, p. 284; Dyar, N. Am. Lep.
p. 394 (nec Guen.).

Antennz whitish ochreous. Palpi whitish ochraceous,
with a brownish fuscous streak along their upper sides.
Head whitish ochreous, with a fuscous spot above. Thorax
whitish ochreous, tinged anteriorly with fawn-brown. Fore

Species of Pyralide. 315

wings whitish ochreous, partially suffused with fawn-brown,
blending to dark brownish fuscous in the more conspicuous
markings, and becoming almost black in narrow lines along
their edges; there are five small dark fuscous spots on the
costa—one near the base, one at one-third, and a group of
three on the outer third ; the more conspicuous markings
consist of an outwardly oblique band arising from the dorsum
before the middle, nearly fading out below the costa, but
thence angulate outward and tapering obliquely downward
to an acute apex, pointing toward the middle of the termen
—this mark is narrowly and distinctly outlined with
blackish, except on the side facing the costa; between this
and the termen is a curiously straggling narrow dark line,
set in a pale intermission among the general brownish
suffusion ; commencing on the costa, at about one-seventh
from the apex, this line runs very obliquely outward nearly to
the apex, where it is acutely angulate—it then forms a more
obtuse angle below its point of origin, whence it is continued
nearly to the middle of the termen, angulate again and con-
tinued to above and before the tornus, abruptly twisted
backward nearly to the projecting point of the great median
shade, and again abruptly twisted and sinuate, reaching
nearly to the dorsum beyond the middle, a dark brown patch
lying a little beyond its inner extremity; the termen is
marked throughout by a line of the whitish ground-colour,
succeeded by a dark brownish fuscous line, again by a pale
fawn-brown line in the basal half of the whitish ochreous
cilia—all these angulate outward at the middle of the termen
and ending in a dark spot at the extreme apex, from which a
dark streak is continued inward and downward, terminating
abruptly before reaching the zigzag line. zp. al. 16-
17 mm. Hind wings and cilia pale greyish ochreous, a
slight fuscous submarginal suffusion toward the apex, with
one or two transverse dark lines below the end of the cell, a
dark line also along the base of the cilia. Abdomen whitish
ochreous, a dark fawn band across its basal half. Legs
whitish ochreous, with minute darker spots above at the ends
of the tarsal joints.

Type 2 (97212, Jamaica) Mus. Wlsm., B.M.

Hab. America, N-I-S. Unirep Srares—Florida: 1846
(E. Doubleday) ; Miami, 1897 (W. Schaus). West Inpies
—Jamaica; St. Andrew: Constant Springs, 29. XII. 1904
(Wism.) ; Newcastle, 1898. Sourn America — British
Guiana, Rockstone, 25. 1V.-9. V. (W.J. Kaye) ; Brazil, Sio
Paulo, 1889 (EZ. D. Jones). Eight specimens.

516 Sir G. F, Hampson en new
(19) Lineodes undulata, sp. n., Wism.

Antenne pale cinereous, faintly barred with fuscous.
Palpi cinereous. Head and thorax pale cinereous. Fore
wings pale cinereous, with whitish markings—slightly visible
on the underside; at about one-third from the base is a very
faintly indicated oblique whitish streak, nearer to the base
on the dorsum than on the costa; about the middle of the
wing is a rather wide whitish fascia, reaching nearly to the
costa, but tending slightly outward above the middle of the
wing ; the central portion of this fascia is shaded with pale
cinereous, and its inner margin is more clearly defined than
its outer—both are sinuate; toward the apex of the wing isa
curved white streak, with a dark cinereous line along its
middle; this streak is clearly defined above, but is only faintly
traceable below the middle of the wing—leaving the costa
immediately below the apex, its direction tends downward
toward the tornus ; beyond this, but connected with it on
the costa, is a slender undulating white line passing along
the termen to the tornus ; this is also more clearly defined
above than below the middle of the wing—about the middle
of the termen one of the undulations of this line forms a
slight inverted angle ; two or three dark spots occur on the
outer half of the costa, and one or two near the base ; cilia
pale cinereous, with a fuscous line near the base. Hap. al.
16-21 mm. Hind wings pale fuscous, without markings ;
cilia pale cinereous, with a fuscous line near their base.
Abdomen whitish at the base, thence cinereous, the fringes
at the edges of the segments somewhat darker ; anal claspers
of g very long, pale cinereous. Legs pale cinereous.

Type, ¢ (3264); ¢ (3093) Mus. Wlsm., B.M.

Hab. Peru, Callao, 28. I. 1882 (21. I1I.—31. VIIT.) 1881,
5. XI. 1883 (J. J. Walker). ‘Three specimens.

The median fascia is much straighter in undulata than in
integra Z., interrupta Z., or tipuloides Wism. Commander
Walker, to whom I am indebted for this species, notes that
it was ‘‘ taken flying at sunset in a weedy field.”

(20) Lineodes cyclophora, sp. n.
Lineodes serpulalis, Druce, Biol, Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 265 (nec Led.).

Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; palpi with
blackish streaks at sides ; frons whitish, with blackish spot
at middle; antenne with whitish and brown rings towards
base; hind tibize towards extremity and the tarsi whitish;
abdomen with lateral black spots on medial segments. Fore
wing red-brown slightly irrorated with blackish; a fine,
oblique, waved, antemedial brown line defined on inner side

Species of Pyralide. 317

by whitish from cell to inner margin ; a whitish patch from
middle of costa to median nervure, enclosing an elliptical
brown spot, and with a whitish band from it to inner margin,
with its sides excised at middle; a small postmedial whitish
spot on costa and slight marks towards apex; subterminal
line black, defined on each side by white to discal fold, then
slightly by white on outer side only, acutely angled outwards
below apex, then incurved, slightly excurved below vein 4,
and ending above tornus, a blackish streak before it in discal
fold and some reddish beyond it at tornus ; a fine minutely
waved white line slightly defined on each side by black before
termen. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown, especially
in end of cell and on terminal area to submedian fold; a
fine slightly sinuous whitish line before termen from apex
to submedian fold; cilia white with a blackish line through
them ; the underside whiter, the costal area irrorated with
blackish, the brown spot in end of cell more distinct, a
whitish subterminal line slightly defined on each side by
brown lines from costa to vein 2.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 ¢ type; BanaMas,
Nassau (Sir G. Carter, Bonhote),2 9. Exp, 20 mm.

(21) Lineodes serpulalis, Led. Wien. ent. Mon. 1863, p. 417,
pl. xv. fig. 8.

LTineodes peridialis, Wik. xix. 948 (1859).

Hab. Perv; S. Brazit; Paracuay.

(22) Lineodes polychroalis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax purplish red-brown, the metathorax
with slight whitish streak ; fore coxze and fore and mid tibie
suffused with blackish, the tarsi whitish ; abdomen purplish
red, a dorsal whitish streak on three basal segments, the
medial segments blackish at sides, the anal tuft reddish
ochreous. Fore wing purplish red, extending below the
costa to well beyond middle and on inner area to tornus, the
rest of terminal area yellow with diffused red streaks on the
veins ; some diffused black on antemedial area from costa
to median nervure and an oblique black line from the cell to
inner margin, with a black streak beyond it in submedian
fold; a white point in middle of cell and a semihyaline
white bar defined by blackish across the cell towards its
extremity, an obliquely incurved white mark from the bar to
vein 1, with a triangular black patch irrorated with white
before it and some black beyond it ; a whitish fascia in diseal
fold beyond the cell and some whitish on postmedial part of
costa; an orange-yellow streak below terminal part of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 23

318 On new Species of Pyralide.

vein 2; a terminal series of white striz ; cilia purplish red
at base, then white, and with black tips. Hind wing semi-
hyaline white; the apex with some brownish streaks below
it; a small wedge-shaped yellow and purplish-red patch
below extremity of vein 2; the termen with fine reddish-
brown line in places; the underside with the costal area
blackish towards base, purplish red towards apex.

Hab. 8, Peru, Uruhuasi (Watkins), 1 g type. Eup.
34 mm.

AUCTORUM.

Lineodes pulchralis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 235 (1854) .. S. Brazil.
» gracillalis, Herr.-Schitt. Verh. Corresp.-Blatt.

Revensh. xxv. p. 22 (1868) 7 pas vee ecw Cuba.
3 multisignalis, Herr.-Schatl. Verh. Corresp.-Blatt.

Regensh. Kxv.sp.'22 (868) i caw. pies Cuba.
5 triangulalis, Méschl. Abh. Senck, Ges. xvi.

D805 11800) 52 es cpa RG owes able nie er Porto Rico.
» metagrammalis, Méschl. Abh. Senck. Ges. xvi.

DOOD (1E80) a alo oe itis ete oe ee Porto Rico.
» albicinata, Hering, Stett. ent. Zeit. Ixvii. p. 151

(1906 y o Bios Seu cian Oe kicks wie eieoes Sieternte Brazil.
» furcillata, Hering, Stett. ent. Zeit. Ixvii. p. 150

(AD0B) Ste eaicic ns hitb noe cer ee ee ee Bolivia.
» pulcherrima, Hering, Stett. ent. Zeit. Ixvii.

Di LOD (TOO) Mee cue re muaerte woke eine eaietem ots Peru.

Genus PALZOoDEs, nov.

Proboscis well developed ; palpi porrect, the second joint
extending twice the length of head and fringed with hair
above and below, the third well developed, naked, acuminate ;
maxillary palpi strongly dilated with scales ; frons rounded ;
antenne of male shorter than fore wing, serrate and strongly
ciliated ; legs long and slender, the spurs long and even.
Fore wing long and narrow, the apex produced and acute,
the termen excised below apex; veins 3 and 5 from close to
angle of cell; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9 from
angle; 10 from near angle; 11 free. Hind wing with
veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 from middle of disco-
cellulars ; ; 6,7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing shortly
with 8 ; the apex produced ; the termen sinuous, excurved
at middle.

* Paleodes samealis, sp. n.

gd. White ; head, thorax, and abdomen strongly irrorated
with brown ; palpi brown except at base; fore legs fuscous,
the tarsi ringed with brown. Fore wing strongly irrorated
with brown; the basal area suffused with brown; some
blackish marks on costa; an elliptical brown spot in ‘middle

Geological Society. 319

of cell, with an obscure band from it to inner margin ; a
dark-edged brown discoidal spot on a diffused brown band ;
a diffused terminal band from costa to above tornus. Hind
wing irrorated with brown ; an antemedial series of three
points ; a dark-edged discoidal brown spot with dark band
from it to tornus ; a diffused dark apical patch and some
points on termen.

Hab. Quernstann (Barnard). Exp. 16 mm. Type in
Coll. Rothschild.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES,
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

April 23rd, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘On the Fossil Flora of the Pembrokeshire Portion of the
South Wales Coalfield.’ By Reginald H. Goode, B.A.

Of the fifty-three determinable species of fossil plants obtained
from the Pembrokeshire portion of the South Wales Coalfield,
three are new species. One may be referred to Linopteris bron-
gniartt Gutb., a plant which has not with certainty been found
before in Britain.

From the paleobotanical evidence it is clear that the so-called
‘Pennant Grit’ of Pembrokeshire cannot be regarded as the
equivalent of the Pennant Grit of the main portion of the South
Wales Coalfield: for the plants indicate that these beds are
Middle Coal Measures, and do not belong to the Transition Series.
The Lower Coal Series also clearly belongs to the Middle Coal
Measures; and the Settlings Beds, and perhaps the Falling Cliff
Beds as well, lie probably at a higher horizon than the Lower Coal
Series as developed farther east along the Saundersfoot coast, and
even possibly higher than the Timber Vein group.

Until more plants have been obtained from the so-called ‘ Mill-
stone Grit’ of Pembrokeshire, it is impossible to fix definitely
the horizon of these beds from the paleeobotanical evidence. How-
ever, from the fossil plants obtained in the so-called ‘ Millstone
Grit ’ of Monkstone Point, and in neighbouring beds belonging to
the Lower Coal Series, between which there is no apparent uncon-
formity, it is evident that these particular beds, assigned to the
Millstone Grit, probably belong to the Middle Coal Measures.

When the fossil plants which have been obtained from the
Pembrokeshire Coalfield are compared with those which have been
recorded from the main South Wales Coalfield, it is evident that
there are considerable differences in the occurrence of the species.

Thirty-two fossil plants have been obtained from the Middle
Coal Measures of Pembrokeshire which have not as yet been

320 Geological Society.

recorded from those of the main South Wales Coalfield, and hence
are additions to our knowledge of the flora of the Middle Coal
Measures of South Wales.

2. ‘The Halesowen Sandstone Series of the Southern End of the
South Staffordshire Coalfield; and the Petrified Logs of Wood
found therein at Witley Colliery, Halesowen (Worcestershire).’
By Henry Kay, F.G.S. With an Appendix on the Structure of
a New Species of Dadoxylon, by HE. A. Newell Arber, M.A.,
Se.D., F.LS., F.G.S.

The Halesowen Sandstones are separable from the Old Hill
Marls by a series of passage-beds consisting of conglomerate-bands,
marl-bands, and ironshot sandstones.

At the summit of the series is Prof. Charles Lapworth’s ‘ Spirorbis
Limestone Group,’ which is re-named the ‘ Illey Group,’ in conse-
quence of the discovery of Spirorbis limestone at other horizons.

The Halesowen coal-seam and associated beds of blue clay form
a definite intermediate horizon traceable across the coalfield. On
this is based a classification consisting of :—

Thickness in feet.
(5) othe Miley: (Groupies ncsessscesse act esea eer 100 to 120
(4) The: Hasbury Group” =..-c1-eenssseserseree vse 120 to 150
(3) The Halesowen Coal and Clays............... 10 to 50
(2) The Witley Group .......... Sh. teach weoereeepee 200
()/MEhexRassage Beds) to. c.cooceyccvessr cee seeans 0 to 100

The area is folded into two anticlines with a deep central syncline
ranging south-south-eastwards, and the strata have a persistent
south-south-easterly dip. The northern face is let down by a fault
repeating the lower beds. Other faults throw southwards, and yet
others intersect the anticlines. Unconformities occur at the base
and at the summit of the Hasbury Group in the Wassel Grove
area, the former being largely buried by horizontal members of the
group. Mining operations show the existence of a buried anti-
cline with the full Coal-Measure Series, but cutting out successively
the Old Hill Marls, the Passage Beds, and a great part of the
Witley Group. This is cut off by a fault only from the exposed
Netherton Anticline immediately on the north, the uprise of which
in early Upper Carboniferous time is therefore inferred.

The Keele Beds rest unconformably near the buried anticline
upon the [ley Group, and upon various members of the Hasbury
Group, and are themselves much reduced in thickness. Additional
uplift of the anticline in later Upper Carboniferous time is suggested
as the cause.

The Witley Colliery railway-cutting shows big logs of petrified
wood very finely preserved by calcite, and indisputably of Upper
Carboniferous age. The wood has been examined by Dr. Newell
Arber, who finds it to have Araucarian affinities, but of a species
new to science. In consequence of its Paleozoic age, it is referred
to the genus Dadoxylon. The type of preservation is also new to this
horizon in this country, and the discovery of Dadowylon at Witley
constitutes a new record for British Upper Carboniferous rocks.
Among the associated plants are Calamites, Lepidodendron, etc.

Su

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERLES.]

No. 70. OCTOBER 1913.

XXXIX.—Descriptions of new Species of Staphylinide from
the West Indies. By Maxtcotm Cameron, M.B., R.N.,

F.E.S.
Paarl,

LIsPINI.

1. Lispinus claviger, sp. n.
(Fauvel, i litt.)
Black, shining ; thorax and elytra red; antenne and legs,
posterior margins of first four visible abdominal segments
narrowly, the penultimate broadly, and the last entirely

reddish testaceous.

Length 2 mm.
Size of L. nigrifrons, Fvl., but the much less depressed

form, more shining, differently coloured, distinctly but
sparingly punctured thorax, and the very slight ground-
sculpture of the fore parts readily distinguish it.

Head black, slightly rufescent in front, with a well-
marked fovea on either side between the eyes, feebly and
sparingly punctured, with a fine transverse strigose ground-
sculpture and a few fine setw. Antenne pilose, with the
first three joints gradually decreasing in length; fourth and
fifth about as long as broad; sixth small, transverse ; seventh
to tenth much more strongly transverse; eleventh short,
oval. ‘Thorax distinctly transverse, as wide as the elytra, the
sides slightly rounded in front, the basal third narrowed ina

Ann. & Mag. N. list. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 24

322 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

straight line to the posterior angles, which are obtuse,
impressed on either side before the base : puncturation
rather large, sparing, and scattered ; ground-seulpture stri-
gose, feeble. Elytra longer than the thorax, a little longer
than broad, parallel, with distinct sutural stria, internal to
which is a row of four or five punctures and externally two
setigerous pores ; the disc with a very few, very fine obsolete
punctures and scarcely perceptible ground- sculpture. Scu-
tellum transversely strigose, with a few marginal punctures.
Abdomen with sparing, more or less erect, yellow pubescence
and distinct ground-sculpture forming a scaly pattern,

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

2. Lispinus impar, sp. 1.
(Fauvel, in litt.)

_ Entirely red; head sometimes darker, shining, sparingly
punctured; ground-sculpture rather feeble. Antenne and
legs reddish testaceous.

Length 2°5-2°8 mm.

In size and general appearance similar to L. fawveli, Shp.,
especially to the immature reddish forms. The thorax is,
however, a little shorter, more abruptly narrowed before the
posterior angles ; the ground- sculpture is much less distinct
throughout, and on the thorax forms longitudinal meshes.

Head large, a little narrower than the thorax, foveolate in
front on either side, finely and sparingly punctured ; ground-
sculpture coriaceous. Antenne with first joint rather stout,
a little longer than second; third, fourth, and fifth longer
than broad and scarcely differmg in length; sixth to tenth
transverse, gradually increasing in width, pilose. Thorax
distinctly transverse, about one and a half times as broad as
long, broadest in front of the middle, gradually narrowed
anteriorly, rather abruptly narrowed at the base before the
slightly obtuse posterior angles ; disc with smooth impune-
tate central line, longitudinally impressed on either side, the
impression reaching from within the posterior angles forwards
for fully half the length, finely and sparingly punctured on
the disc, almost impunctate at the sides, with a fine longi-
tudinal strigose ground-sculpture ; sides with four or five
sete. Scutellum impunctate. Hlytra more than half as
long again as the thorax, distinctly longer than broad, sides
with two or three setie ; ; pretty deeply impressed at the base
internal to the humeral angles, and with two setigerous
pores, one near the suture posteriorly and one in front and
external ; puncturation very fine and very sparing; ground-

from the West Indies. 323

sculpture longitudinally strigose. Abdomen with very few
punctures, pubescence more or less erect, sparing ; ground-
sculpture distinct, reticulate.

St. Vincent (H. H, Smith). Type in the British Museum.

THORACOPHORI.

3. Thoracophorus guadalupensis, sp. n.
(Fauvel, in ditt.)

Very small, narrow, dull, reddish brown, with head darker.
Antenne and legs reddish testaceous.

Length 1:8 mm.

In general appearance and form of thorax very near
T. pallidus, Shp., but differs in the darker colour, more
robust build, and shorter elytra.

Head pitchy black, suborbicular, with four longitudinal
carine ; eyes small, visible from above ; temples very small,
angular. Antenne reddish testaceous; first and second
joints dilated, of about equal length ; third much narrower
than the second, but of equal length; fourth to sixth of
equal length and breadth, as long as broad ; seventh larger
than the sixth, as long as broad ; eighth to tenth transverse ;
eleventh shortly oval, Thorax transverse, quite a third
broader than long, broader between the anterior than the
posterior angles ; sides gradually converging posteriorly,
finely crenulate, emarginate before the rectangular posterior
angles; anterior angles almost rectangular; dise with four
distinct longitudinal carine, the two central bounding on
each side a median elevated part (which shows traces of two
short parallel carinulz), the two lateral close to and nearly
parallel with the sides. Elytra nearly a third longer than
the thorax, a little transverse, each with five longitudinal
carine, the intervals concave. Sculpture of all the fore
parts coriaceous. Abdomen gradually pointed, finely coria-
‘ceous, very finely and sparingly punctured and pubescent.

Grenada (A. H. Smith); Haiti. Type in the British
Museum,

OxXxyYTELt.

4, Trogophleus (Carpalimus) smithi, sp. n.
(Fauvel, zn Zitt.)
Black, shining ; thorax cordate, with semilunar impression
before the base and a small impression on either side of the
24*

324 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

disc. First joint of antennz and legs yellow; elytra dark
brown.

Length 3 mm.

Very near T. centralis, Shp., from which it differs by the
finer and uniform puncturation of the thorax and the finer
puncturation of theelytra. From 7. croceipes, Fvl., it differs
by the much narrower head and thorax, much more coarsely
punctured and more even elytra, and the yellow legs and
first antennal joint.

Head rather large, narrower than the thorax ; eyes large,
their diameter greater than the length of the temples;
longitudinally impressed on either side in front, closely
and distinctly punctured. Antennze with exception of the
first jomt dark; the second a little shorter than third ;
third to eighth longer than broad, gradually decreasing in
length; ninth and tenth about as long as broad ; eleventh
oval, pointed. Maxillary palpi brown. Thorax transverse,
cordate, narrower than the elytra, dilated and rounded in
front and narrowed behind; anterior angles completely
effaced; disc with a distinct fovea on either side of the
middle line and a semilunar impression before the base ;
puncturation as on head, uniform. LElytra quite one-third
longer than the thorax, as long as broad, with an oblique
impression between the shoulder and suture; puncturation
as of thorax, evanescent towards the postero-external angles.
Abdomen finely and rather closely punctured and pubescent.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

(aut NO tl.

5. Thinobius miricornis, sp. 1.
(Fauvel, a litt.)

Pitch-black or pitch-brown ; the thorax, base of abdomen,
legs, first and last three joints of antennz yellow, sometimes
the latter entirely yellow.

Length 1:3 mm.

Head narrower than the thorax, transverse, with trans-
verse impressed line between the antennal tubercles ; eyes
rather small, their diameter about equalling the length of
the temples ; sculpture close, rugulose. Antenne (¢) more
elongate than in 9; first jomt stout, second shorter than
third, fourth to tenth much longer than broad, eleventh a
little longer than tenth; in ¢ fourth to sixth joints about
twice as long as broad, seventh and eighth a little longer
than broad, ninth and tenth as broad as long, eleventh

from the West Indies. 325

elongate, nearly as long as the two preceding together.
Mouth-parts yellow. Thorax strongly transverse, more than
half as broad again as long, almost semicircular, widest in
front ; sides evenly rounded from base to anterior angles,
which are slightly obtuse, posterior angles effaced; disc
rather broadly and deeply impressed in its whole length in
middle line in @, less distinctly or not at all in ¢. Sculp-
ture as on the head. Scutellum yellow. Elytra broader
than the thorax and twice its length, scarcely broader than
long, with fine rugulose sculpture. Abdomen closely and
finely punctured and pubescent, a little more sparingly
behind.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in British
Museum.

OsorIt.

6. Holotrochus smithi, sp. n.
(Fauvel, 7 litt.)

Black, shining ; posterior margins of abdominal segments,
legs, and antenne reddish testaceous ; margins of thorax and
elytra sometimes obscurely red.

Length 3°3-3°5 mm.

Very similar to H. marginatus, Shp., in size and general
appearance ; but distinguished from it by the longer thorax,
not bordered at the base, the tine but distinct reticulate
ground-sculpture, and the finer and more obsolete punctura-
tion of the head and thorax, and the impunctate shagreened
scutellum. From H. minor, Fvl., it differs by its larger size,
the ground-sculpture, and much finer and more obsolete
puncturation of the head and thorax, and impunctate
shagreened scutellum ; and from H. cylindrus, Er., by its
shorter and broader thorax and elytra, more distinct ground-
sculpture of both the latter, and the impunctate shagreened
scutellum.

Head narrower than the thorax, truncate anteriorly, very
finely and very sparingly punctured, with a fine reticulate
ground-sculpture. Antennze with the first joint stout,
second as long as, but stouter than third, fourth and fifth
globose ; fifth slightly, sixth to tenth more strongly trans-
verse. Thorax about a third broader than long, a little
wider at the anterior angles, very gradually and slightly
narrowed behind. Sculptureason head. Elytra as long as,
but narrower than, the thorax, transverse, without visible
puncturation, but obsoletely shagreened. Abdomen im-

punctate, shagreened. ah
St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

326 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

7. Osorius fauveli, sp. n.

Black, shining ; elytra red ; antennz, legs, and posterior
margins of the abdominal segments narrowly reddish testa-
ceous. Head, thorax, and elytra moderately coarsely, hut
not very closely, punctured. Abdomen with sparse super-
ficial puncturation.

Length 3 mm.

From the description should be placed near O. eggersi,
Bernh., from which it differs in colour, absence of impunc-
tate space on the head, the transverse thorax deeply foveolate
in front of the posterior angles, the elytra longer than the
thorax, and the sparing superficial puncturation of the
abdomen.

Head narrower than the thorax, truncate in front, with
scattered umbilicate puncturation and coriaceous ground-
sculpture, without a smooth central line. Antenne with
fourth to tenth joints transverse, gradually increasing in
breadth ; mouth-parts yellow. Thorax a little broader than
the ely tra, a little broader than long; sides almost parallel
for four-fifths of their length, then suddenly contracted to
the nearly rectangular posterior angles, with a deep rounded
fovea in front of the latter, and wn mates large, scattered,
superficial, umbilicate puncturation, and with a smooth
central line ; ground-sculpture distinct, coriaceous ; pubes-
cence rather long, coarse, and sparing. Elytraa little longer
than the thorax, as long as broad, with puncturation, ground-
sculpture, and pubescence similar to that of the thorax.
Abdomen with very sparing and still more superficial punctu-
ration, and similar ground-sculpture to the elytra; pubes-
cence long, coarse, and sparing.

Haiti. Type in my collection.

MEGALOPINI.

8. Megalops leviventris, sp. n.
(Fauvel, in ltt.)

Black, shining ; thorax with four more or less transverse
grooves on either side; each elytron with well-marked
humeral callus, behind and internal to which is an impres-
sion bearing three to five large punctures grouped irregu-
larly ; between the impression and the suture a rounded
elevation or callus, and between the impression and the
posterior margin a small puncture. Legs and antenne

from the West Indies. 327

reddish testaceous, the club of the latter infuscate; fourth
tarsal joint simple.

Length 3°5-4 mm.

About the size of M. incultus, Shp., but very different by
the much smaller head and eyes, less strongly grooved
thorax, and the punctured impression on the elytra.

Head, with eyes, large, trausverse, almost as broad as the
elytra ; clypeal spines short, not very distinct; front en-
tirely occupied by a horseshoe-shaped impression, concave
backwards, the bottom coarsely and deeply punctured, the
smooth space enclosed by it carrying a curved row of three
punctures, concave forwards; vertex with a fine, short, raised
line in the middle ; mandibles red. Antenne reddish testa-
ceous, the last two joints brown; first joint concealed,
second moderately long and stout, third considerably longer
than second and much more slender, fourth to sixth each a
little longer than broad, seventh as broad as long; eighth to
tenth transverse, the last of them much broader than the
ninth ; eleventh oval, pointed. Thorax widest at the middle,
its sides evenly rounded, about as long as broad, marked
with four more or less transverse furrows on each side; the
first, impunctate, follows the anterior margin, disappearing
on the disc ; the second is deeper, with three large punctures
on either side and one on middle of the disc; the third, also
deep and punctured, does not extend across the disc, but is
bounded by a large deep puncture on either side of the
middle line; the fourth is narrow, follows the posterior
border of the thorax, is not interrupted, and is obscurely
punctured. Elytra as long as, but broader than, the thorax,
transverse; humeral callus well marked, as is also another
boss or callus at the base near the suture, base depressed
between the calli and with one or two small punctures.
External to the sutural callus is an impression containing a
group of three to five large punctures, and between this and
the posterior margin is a small puncture. Sutural stria
distinct, impunctate. Abdomen impunctate, each segment
except the last with a short narrow impression at the base on
each side.

No sexual differences observed.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in British Museum.

9. Megalops humeralis, sp. un.
(Fauvel, zn litt.)
Black, shining ; elytra yellow, with humeral callus, base,
and apex narrowly black ; disc with short, deep, punctured

328 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

stria. Legs and antenne (except last two joints, which are
fuscous) reddish testaceous. ‘Tarsi simple.

Length 4 mm.

Narrower and less robust than the smallest specimens of
M. punctatus, Er., and the elytra nearly entirely testaceous.

Head and antennze much as in the preceding species ;
thorax a little longer than broad, a little wider in the middle,
equally narrowed in front and behind, with the sides evenly
rounded, narrower than the head and the elytra, and with
four coarsely punctured transverse impressions on each side,
the first separated from each other by anarrow smooth space
on middle of the disc; the second are separated by a broader
space hearing a large puncture, the third by a wider impunc-
tate space, the fourth follow the posterior margin and are
not interrupted. Elytra about as long as the thorax, scarcely
transverse, testaceous; the humeral callus and base narrowly
black, the apical margin narrowly and irregularly blackish ;
sutural callus, sutural stria, and short punctate stria on the
disc well marked. Abdomen as in preceding.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum,

10. Megalops smithi, sp. n.
(Fauvel, ze litt.)

Blue-black, shining; elytra lemon-yellow, with humeral
callus; base, suture, sides, and apical margins narrowly
reddish brown, without trace of impression or striz on the
disc. Legs and antennz (except last two joints, which are
brown) reddish testaceous. ‘Tarsi simple.

Length 3°5 mm.

Head with eyes broader than the elytra; clypeal spines
long, brownish; mandibles reddish. Antenne much longer
than in the preceding ; first joint concealed, second twice
as long as broad, third twice as long as second, fourth to
eighth longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length ;
ninth and tenth transverse, especially the tenth; eleventh
oval, pointed; front with circular punctate impression,
enclosing a smooth, round, central, raised space ; vertex with
narrow longitudinal raised line. Thorax (viewed from
above) nearly cylindrical, with a small blunt tooth on each
side behind the second furrow, a little longer than broad,
with four transverse punctured furrows ; the first, not inter-
rupted in the middle line, follows the anterior margin; the
second is very narrowly interrupted by a feeble longitudinal
ridge ; third distinctly interrupted by asmooth space ; fourth
follows the posterior margin and is not interrupted. Elytra

from the West Indies. 329

broader than the thorax, widest in the middle, scarcely as
long as the thorax, transverse ; humeral callus well marked,
sutural callus absent, sutural stria distinct; no trace of
discal stria or impression; lemon-yellow, with humeral
callus, base, suture, and apical margins narrowly. reddish
brown, the lateral margins very narrowly reddish, Abdomen
impunctate.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum,

STENINI.
11. Stenus (Mesostenus) lucens, sp. n.
(crocetpes, Fvl1., in litt.).

Narrow, elongate, shining black ; elytra and abdomen very
sparivgly punctured. Antenne and legs reddish testaceous,
the club of the former infuscate.

Length 3°5 mm.

This species, by its very smooth polished surface, recalls
the genus Megalops.

Head, with eyes, broader than the elytra, with rather broad,
raised, almost impunctate, central space; the rest of the
surface with moderately large, not very close puncturation ;
the central space and the surface between the punctures
smooth and polished without trace of ground-sculpture,
glabrous ; labrum black. Antenne rather long and slender,
second joint shorter than the first, third much more slender
than the second and nearly double its length, fourth a little
shorter than third, fifth as long as fourth, sixth a little
shorter than fifth, seventh a little shorter than sixth ; eighth
about half the length of seventh, longer than broad; ninth
and tenth of equal length, as long as, but stouter than,
seventh; eleventh oval, pointed. Thorax widest at the
middle, scarcely longer than its greatest width, equally
narrowed in front and behind, impressed on either side at
the widest part ; puncturation much finer and more sparing
than on the head, the interspaces smooth and _ polished,
glabrous. Fourth tarsal joints deeply bilobed, the hind
tarsi long and slender. Scutellum triangular with large
puncture at apex, coriaceous. Elytra shorter than the
thorax, transverse, with distinct humeral callus and an
impression internal to the latter; disc impressed, puncturation
fine and scattered as on thorax, interspaces smooth, polished,
glabrous. Abdomen margined, gradually narrowed to the
apex, with a few scattered punctures at the bases of the
segments ; the rest of the surface almost impunctate, pubes-
cence scanty.

330 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

g. Eighth dorsal plate with horseshoe-shaped emargi-
nation, fourth and fifth ventral plates impressed in the
middle, sixth ventral plate with a narrow, rather deep,
triangular excision.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

PINOPHILI.

12. Pinophilus vermiformis, sp. 1.
(Fauvel, tn lit.)

Head and elytra reddish brown; thorax and abdomen
pitchy brown, the posterior margins of the segments and
apex of the latter reddish. Antennz, mouth-parts, and legs
pale yellow.

Length 6-5 mm.

Of about the size and build of P. debilis, Shp., but easily
distinguished by being less shining and more pubescent,
with shorter thorax, more sparingly punctured head, much
more coarsely and sparingly punctured abdomen, and with
red elytra.

Head large, transverse, with the eyes nearly as broad as
the thorax at the anterior angles; eyes large, temples
scarcely visible; front with an obsolete puncture on each
side of the middle line behind the labrum; a row of four
or five moderately large punctures on each side, converging
towards the vertex, and two or three more or less obsolete
punctures above and behind the eyes ; no visible ground-
sculpture. Antenne filiform, pilose ; first and second joints
stout, elongate; second shorter and not so thick as first ;
third to seventh distinctly longer than broad, club-shaped ;
eighth and ninth a little longer than broad; tenth and
eleventh moniliform. Thorax a little broader than long, a
little wider at the anterior angles, narrowed in a straight
line to the posterior angles, which are obtuse; truncate
anteriorly with rounded anterior angles ; disc with smooth
impunctate line; the rest of the surface covered with pretty
close, moderately coarse, umbilicate puncturation ; pubes-
cence rather long and scanty. LElytra as wide as the thorax
at the anterior angles and a third longer, distinctly longer
than broad, coarsely and closely punctured, much more
closely and coarsely than the thorax; pubescence rather
long, scanty. Abdomen gradually but strongly attenuated
posteriorly ; the first two visible segments pretty closely and
moderately coarsely punctured, the following gradually less
closely and more finely ; pubescence rather long, not thick.

Mustique Island, Grenadines (H. H. Smith). Type in
British Museum.

from the West Indies. dol

PROCIRRI.
13. Palaminus insularis, sp. n.

A narrow, delicate, fragile species, shining testaceous ;
abdomen reddish. Legs and antenne pale yellow, the
last joint of the latter scarcely stouter than the penultimate.

Length 2°8 mm.

Very close in general appearance, size, and colour to
P. fragilis, Shp., but differs from it by the last joint of the
antenn not being thickened, the puncturation of the head
and thorax more sparing, the sides of the latter more
uniformly rounded towards the base, and the elytra rather
shorter. From P. pallidus, Sahlb., it differs by its smaller
size, the rounded sides of the thorax, and the less numerous
but larger imbrications of abdominal segments ; from
P. variabilis, Er., by its fragile build, the eleventh joint of
the antenne not thickened, and the much less distinct
puncturation of the elytra.

Head transverse with the eyes a little wider than the
thorax, very sparingly and rather superficially punctured.
Antenne very slender; first and second joints of about equal
length, a little thickened ; third about as long as, but much
more slender than, second ; fourth to tenth longer than broad,
gradually decreasing in length; eleventh a little longer, but
not thicker, than tenth. Thorax transverse, narrower than
the elytra; the sides gradually rounded and contracted to
the base, widest at the junction of the middle and anterior
thirds; disc with a trace posteriorly of an elevated line ;
puncturation rather coarse, umbilicate, scattered ; pubescence
rather long and sparing. Elytra double the length of the
thorax, distinctly longer than broad, puncturation tine and
sparing, obsolescent posteriorly and externally ; pubescence
rather long, coarse, and sparing. Abdomen with imbricate
sculpture on the first four visible segments; pubescence
scanty and coarse.

3. Last ventral plate a little produced and rather abruptly
narrowed towards the end.

Jamaica, Hope Gardens district. Type in my collection.

14, Palaminus coriaceus, sp. n.

A narrow, fragile, delicate species varying from testaceous
to reddish testaceous, not very shining ; the head and thorax
with very distinct coriaceous pround-sculpture. The last
joint of the antenne distinctly thicker than the penultimate.

Length 2°9 to 3°3 mm,

Very similar to the preceding in build, but at once dis-

332 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

tinguished by the ground-sculpture of the head and thorax,
the thickened last joint of the antennz, and the obsolete
puncturation of the fore parts.

Head transverse, with the eyes broader than the thorax,
sparingly and obsoletely punctured. Antenne testaceous,
of similar structure to the preceding, except for the eleventh
joint, which is stouter and longer than the tenth. Thorax
formed as in P. insularis, puncturation scanty and very
obsolete. Hlytra as in the preceding species and without
visible ground-sculpture. Abdomen reddish with the usual
imbricated sculpture and coarse pubescence.

&@. Last ventral plate gradually narrowed and produced.

Jamaica, Haiti. Type in my collection.

P EDERINI.
15. Stilicopsis circumflexus, sp. n.
(Fauvel, in litt.)

Pitchy red, scarcely shining; antenna, legs, apex of
abdomen, and elytra testaceous, the latter with well-marked
black lateral spot. Seventh abdominal segment furnished
posteriorly with a narrow white membranous border.

Length 2°8 to 3 mm.

Variety.—Entirely reddish testaceous with elytral spot ill-
defined. Type-form readily recognized by the coloration,
but the variety very similar to S. érevis, Shp., in general
appearance, but differs by the rather na’rower head, distinctly
narrower thorax, and shorter elytra. Head large, sub-
orbicular, as broad as the elytra. Eyes rather large, pro-
minent ; temples not quite so long as the diameter of the
eyes, slightly convergent to the posterior angles, which are
rounded ; puncturation close and umbilicate. Labrum pro-
duced in a median lobe in front, notched in the middle of
the anterior margin, external to the lobe on either side with
a short triangular tooth directed forwards and inwards.
Antenne as long as the head and thorax ; first joint elongate,
rather stout, three times as long as the second; second
narrower than the first, a little longer than broad, shorter
than third; third to ninth longer than broad, gradually
decreasing in length ; tenth about as long as broad ; eleventh
not so long as the two preceding together. Thorax a little
transverse, narrower than the head and elytra, widest at the
anterior angles which are obtusely rounded, narrowed to the
posterior angles which are effaced ; sides with two or three
sete; puncturation close and umbilicate. LElytra scarcely

from the West Indies. 333

longer, but a little broader, than the thorax, transverse, pretty
closely and distinctly punctured. Abdomen rather shining,
finely but not densely punctured and pubescent.

gd. Last ventral plate broadly and deeply emarginate,
penultimate with broad shallow emargination.

Mustique Island, Grenadines (H. H. Smith). Type in the
British Museum collection.

16. Stilicopsis auripilis, sp. n.
(Fauvel, zz litt.)

Reddish testaceous ; elytra, antenna, and legs yellow.
Seventh dorsal abdominal segment not furnished with a
membrane at the posterior border.

Length 2°8 to 3 mm,

Very similar to the paler forms of the preceding with ill-
defined elytral spot, and it will be sufficient to indicate the
differential characters, which are the absence of a membrane
on the seventh dorsal segment and the thicker pubescence
of the abdomen.

6. Characters as in preceding.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum
collection.

17. Stamnoderus bernhaueri, sp. n.

Reddish testaceous ; elytra convex, not widened behind,
yellow. Front of head and thorax with rather coarse rugulose
sculpture.

Length 4 mm.

Somewhat resembling S. championi, Shp., but smaller ; the
sculpture of the head aud thorax more distinct ; puncturation
of elytra finer and the abdomen more closely and finely
punctured and pubescent.

Head large, longer than broad, convex behind, depressed
and produced in front of the eyes, which are large and
prominent ; temples rounded ; labrum produced aud truncate
in the middle; sculpture close, rugulose in front of eyes,
obsolete on vertex. Antenne yellow, long and slender ; first
joint elongate, stout ; second about halt as long as first,
slender ; third about as long as first ; fourth to tenth con-
siderably longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length ;
eleventh as long as, but stouter than, tenth. Thorax nar-
rower than the head, a little longer than broad, flask-shaped,
much narrower in front, dilated and rounded at the sides,
which are furnished with a long seta, closely and rugosely

334 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

sculptured, impressed on either side behind the widest part ;
disc with a fine median raised line. LElytra as long as the
thorax, as broad as the head and a little longer than broad,
a little rounded at the sides, pretty closely and moderately
finely punctured ; pubescence scanty. Abdomen with rather
close aciculate puncturation and moderately pubescent.

¢é. First joint of posterior tarsi long and thick ; sixth
ventral plate rather broadly and moderately deeply emargi-
vate ; fifth ventral plate with a shallow emargination.

Jamaica (Hope River district). Type in my collection.

18. Stamnoderus dissimilis, sp. n.

Entirely reddish testaceous ; elytra depressed on the disc,
widened behind. Front of head and thorax rather coarsely
and rugulosely sculptured.

Length 5 mm.

Somewhat resembling S. gracilis, Shp., in facies, the elytra
being narrow at the shoulders, widened behind, and depressed
on the disc. The colour is, however, more reddish ; the head
broader and much more finely, closely, and distinctly
sculptured; the thorax broader and more finely sculptured ;
the elytra more finely punctured, and the abdomen more
closely and finely punctured. From S., dadeo, Er., it differs by
its rather larger and more robust build, much more coarsely
sculptured head, broader and more distinctly sculptured
thorax with much less distinct lateral impressions, and the
more coarsely punctured elytra. From 8S. bernhaueri it
differs by the broader thorax with well-marked basal im-
pression and a smooth shining space on either side between
this and the lateral impression, by the shape of the elytra,
the much finer and scarcely aciculate puncturation of the
abdomen, and the much longer second joint of the antenne.

Head large, convex behind, produced and depressed in
front of the eyes, which are large and prominent, posterior
angles rounded ; closely and rugosely sculptured in front of
the level of the eyes, scarcely perceptibly punctured behind ;
foveolate on either side between the eyes. Antenne yellow,
long, slender ; first joint elongate, second much shorter than
first,third much longer than second; fourth toseventh of about
equal length, much longer than broad ; eighth to tenth longer
than broad, gradually decreasing in length; eleventh oblong-
ovate, longer than tenth. Thorax a little narrower than the
head, flask-shaped, rounded and dilated in the middle,
strongly narrowed in front, less strongly narrowed behind,
distinctly impressed at the base before the scutellum and on

* from the West Indies. 335

either side just behind the greatest width, finely carinate in
the middle line, closely and rugosely sculptured except for a
smooth space on either side between tle basal and lateral
impressions. Elytraa little widened posteriorly, the greatest
width equalling that of the thorax, scarcely as long as the
latter ; shoulders oblique, depressed on the dise, pretty closely
and distinctly punctured, Abdomen dirty testaceous, paler
at the apex, closely and finely punctured. Legs pale yellow.

Jamaica (Hope River district), A single female.

Type in my collection.

19. Stamnoderus upicalis, sp. n.

Pale testaceous yellow, shining ; base and sides of elytra
more or less infuseate ; abdomen blackish with yellow apex.
Head and thorax scarcely perceptibly sculptured.

Length 2°8 to 3 mm.

A small delicate species, not likely to be confused with any
other at present known.

Head large, convex behind, produced and depressed in
front of the level of the eyes, which are large and prominent,
with a small fovea on either side and a few very obsolete
punctures ; temples completely rounded. Antenne slender
with all the joints longer than broad, second shorter than the
first and third. Thorax narrower than the head and elytra,
flask-shaped, rounded and dilated at the sides, strongly
narrowed in front, less strongly behind, narrowly impressed
on either side behind the widest part, sparingly and obsoletely
punctured, with trace of median line. Elytra a little
longer than the thorax, longer than broad, moderately closely
and finely punctured, more obsoletely behind. Abdomen
exceedingly finely and rather closely punctured, finely
pubescent. |

Jamaica (Hope River district). Five females,

Type in my collection.

20. Stamnoderus varians, sp. n.
(Fauvel, a litt.)

Black ; apical margin of elytra and apex of abdomen
testaceous. Head and thorax closely and rugosely sculptured;
elytra moderately coarsely and closely punctured.

Length 3 to 3°5 mm.

Var. a. Head and thorax ferruginous.

Var. 6. Head, thorax, and elytra ferruginous, the latter
more or less infuscate at the base and sides.

Var. c. Entirely reddish testaceous.

336 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

Shape of head as in preceding, foveolate on either side
between the eyes, rugulosely sculptured, except posteriorly.
Antenne testaceous, of similar structure to the preceding.
Thorax a little narrower than the head and elytra, longer
than broad, flask-shaped, impressed on either side behind the
widest part; dise with fine smooth carina, the rest of the
surface with rugulose umbilicate sculpture. Elytra as long
as, or a little longer than, the thorax, as long as broad,
moderately coarsely and closely punctured. Abdomen finely
and sparingly punctured and pubescent.

3S. First joint of posterior tarsi thickened, sixth ventral
plate with a shallow emargination.

Grenada, St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the
British Museum.

21. Echiaster waterhouset, sp. n.
(Fauvel, in Litt.)

Ferruginous, dull; elytra testaceous with apical half
black. :

Length 2°3 mm.

Tn coloration nearest to I. filum, Shp., and £. curtus,
Shp. : from the first very distinct by the much shorter and
broader thorax, and less elongated and attenuated build; from
the last by the much narrower and less robust build, smaller
head, narrower thorax, with the longitudinal impressions
and median elevated line much less distinct, and the finer
sculpture.

Head subquadrate, longer than broad, dull, ferruginous,
posterior angles rounded; eyes rather large, their diameter
less than the length of the temples; puncturation close,
rugose, umbilicate. Antenne testaceous, short ; first joint
much dilated ; second transversely oval ; third globose, much
smaller than second; fourth to tenth transverse, gradually
increasing in breadth, the penultimate about three times as
broad as long ; eleventh not quite so long as the two preceding
together. ‘Thorax narrower than the head and the elytra,
longer than broad, oval-oblong, widest at the anterior angles,
which are rounded, narrowed in front and behind, with the
posterior angles obtuse ; disc posteriorly with a longitudinal
impression on either side of the middle line, which by con-
trast appears more or less elevated ; sculpture as on head,
Legs testaceous. Elytra longer than the thorax, longer than
broad, the basal half testaceous, the apical half black, usually
sharply defined, but sometimes only represented by a fuscous
cloud. Sculpture close, rugose, with short pubescence.

from the West Indies. 337

Abdomen gradually narrowed behind, reddish testaccous, a
little infuscate before the apex ; rather closely and coarsely
punctured and pubescent at the base, more sparingly
posteriorly.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum,

22, Echiaster buphthalmus, sp. un.

Reddish testaceous, dull; elytra yellow with the apical
third sharply black ; apex of abdomen blackish. Autennse
and legs testaceous.

Length 3 mm.

Differs from the preceding by the larger head, larger eyes,
shorter temples, longer narrower thorax, coloration of the
elytra, and more pointed abdomen; from 2, filum, Shp., by
the broader head, larger eyes, shorter temples, broader even
thorax without central ridge or longitudinal impressions, and
longer elytra with only the apical third black.

Head large, nearly orbicular, much wider than the thorax,
posterior angles rounded; temples much shorter than the
eyes, which are large ; puncturation dense, umbilicate.
Antennee short ; first joint elongate, stout ; second oval, third
longer than broad, fourth and fifth about as long as broad,
sixth to tenth transverse. Thorax oval-oblong, even, without
central ridge or impressions, anterior angles completely
rounded, the posterior obtuse ; sculpture as on head. Elytra
broader than the thorax, longer than broad, a little longer
than the thorax, yellow, with the apical third sharply black,
rugosely punctured. Abdomen distinctly narrowed behind,
closely punctured, and shortly pubescent ; apex black.

Mustique Island, Grenadines (H. H. Smith), St. Vincent.
Type in my collection.

23. Echiaster sharpi, sp. 0.

Narrow, elongate, dull ; head and thorax ferruginous, the
former orbicular. Elytra black, obscurely lighter at the
shouldérs and longer than broad. Abdomen black. Antenne
and legs testaceous.

Length 3 mm.

Facies of FL. orbifer, Shp., but colour entirely different,
the thorax wider at the anterior angles and with a raised
central line, and the elytra shorter.

Head large, orbicular; eyes large, their diameter much
greater than the length of the temples; sculpture close,
rugose, umbilicate. Antenne reddish testaceous, of similar
structure to the preceding. ‘Thorax narrower than the head,

ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 25

338 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinides

distinctly longer than broad, oval-oblong, carinate in centre ;
anterior angles rounded, posterior obtuse ; sculpture as on
head. Elytra black, lighter at the shoulders, distinctly
longer than broad, and little longer than the thorax, closely
and rugosely punctured. Abdomen black, narrower at apex,
which is obscurely lighter, closely punctured, and shortly
pubescent.
Jamaica (Hope River district). Type in my collection.

24. Echiaster distinctus, sp. n.

Narrow, elongate, dull, pitchy black ; head subquadrate ;
elytra obscurely lighter at the shoulders, as broad as long.
Antenne and legs testaceous.

Length 2°8 mm.

Facies somewhat similar to FH. minutus, Shp., but differs
by the coloration, more robust build, longer thorax, and
shorter elytra. From £. sharpi it is easily distinguished by
the differently shaped head, obviously shorter and broader
thorax, and shorter elytra.

Head large, subquadrate, longer than broad, posterior
angles rounded at the apex ; eyes rather small ; temples large,
their length greater than the diameter of the eyes ; punctura-
tion close, rugose, umbilicate. Antenne as in preceding.
Thorax narrower than the head and elytra, broadest at the
anterior angles which are rounded, the posterior angles
obtuse, scarcely longer than broad, carinate posteriorly in the
middle line ; sculpture as on head. LElytra as long as broad,
black, reddish testaceous at the shoulders, closely and
rugosely punctured. Abdomen pitchy black, ferruginous at
apex, closely punctured and shortly pubescent.

Jamaica (Wag Water River). ‘Type in my collection.

25. Echiaster impressicollis, sp. n.
(Fauvel, em litt.)

Narrow, elongate, dull, strongly narrowed posteriorly,
dirty brownish testaceous ; abdomen black at apex. Antenne
and legs testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

In size, general appearance, and coloration (excepting the
elytra, which are of same colour as the head and thorax)
resembles LH. stgnatus, Shp.; but differs from this species by
the shorter, broader, less attenuated head, shorter, uniformly
coloured, and much more coarsely sculptured elytra.

Head longer than broad, oval, gradually rounded and
contracted behind the eyes, without trace of posterior angles,

from the West Indies. 339

coarsely and rugosely punctured. Antenne as long as the
head ; first joint elongate, stout ; second globose ; third and
fourth of equal length, much longer than broad; fifth and
sixth of equal length, longer than broad, but much shorter
than third and fourth ; seventh to tenth transverse, gradually
increasing in breadth ; eleventh about as long as the two
preceding together, acuminate; the last five joints pilose.
Thorax long and narrow, twice as long as broad, widest at
the middle, gradually narrowed in front and behind with
all the angles obliterated, closely and rugosely sculptured.
Elytra not longer than the thorax, very coarsely, but not
very closely punctured, with a coarse pubescence ; intervals
between the punctures smooth and shining. Abdomen
strongly pointed, the first four visible segments very coarsely
punctured and pubescent, the intervals shining and smooth,
the last two segments very finely punctyred and pubescent,
shining, blackish,

Balthazar, Grenada (H. H. Smith), Type in the British
Museum.

26, Monista personata, sp. n.
(Fauvel, 2 Zitz.)

Ferruginons, rather shining ; elytra lighter. Anteune and
legs testaceous.

Length 2°8 mm.

Size and build of MW. plagiata, Shp., from which it differs
by the uniformly coloured elytra, less shining appearance,
and the remarkable depressions ov the kead in male,

Head large, orbiculate ; labrum emarzinate ; eves small ;
temples large ; posterior angles completely effaced ; punc-
turation scattered, large, superficial, umbilicate, and with a
fine coriaceous ground-sculpture, Antennre pilose; first joint
elongate, stout; second shorter than first and third, third and
fourth longer than broad, fifth to seventh globose, eighth to
tenth transverse; eleventh rather stout, scarcely as long as
the nmth and tenth together. Thorax narrower than the
head and elytra, a little longer than broad, oval, widest
about the middle, with all the angles effaced, with sparing,
superficial, umbilicate punctures and a fine wrinkled ground-
sculpture. Elytra longer than the thorax, longer than
broad ; puncturation fine and obsolete on a polished ground,
sparingly pubescent. Abdomen finely and sparingly pune-
tured and pubescent.

3d. Vertex of head with a large, deep, semicircular im-
pression on either side of middle line, which is reduced to

2)

340 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

a narrow carina separating the twoimpressions. Last ventral
plate very feebly and broadly emarginate.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum
collection.

27. Stilicus jucundus, sp. n.
(Fauvel, tn litt.)

Bronze-black, rather dull; elytra shining, with the apical
border narrowly testaceous. Antenne and legs testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

In general appearance and coloration very similar to
S. muticus, Shp., but differs by the narrower and more
coarsely punctured thorax, with broader smooth central line,
much more coarsely punctured elytra, and the male characters.

Head large, transverse, with the eyes broader than the
elytra; posterior angles completely rounded; eyes large ;
puncturation close, umbilicate. Labrum testaceous. An-
tenn with first joint elongate, rather stout ; second shorter
than first and third ; fourth distinctly, fifth and sixth slightly,
longer than broad; seventh to tenth about as long as broad;
eleventh not so long as the two preceding together. Thorax
a little longer than broad, widest at the anterior angles,
which are rounded, considerably narrowed in front, a little
rounded and gradually narrowed to the posterior angles,
which are a little obtuse, narrower than the head and elytra ;
dise with a rather broad, smooth, central line in nearly the
whole length; puncturation similar to, but rather coarser
than, that of the head. Elytra a little longer than the
thorax, as long as broad, coarsely but not closely punctured,
with the apical margin narrowly, and the postero-external
angles more broadly, testaceous, shining. Abdomen black,
shining, pretty closely and finely punctured and pubescent.

Observe-—In some specimens a slight violet shade is
noticeable.

35. Last ventral p'ate with deep triangular excision.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum
ca lection.

28. Stilicus agnatus, sp. n.
(Fauvel, in litt.)

Black, a little shining. LElytra narrowly testaceous at
apical margin. Antennze and legs testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

Very similar to the preceding, so that a detailed description
is unnecessary. It differs by having the head and thorax

from the West Indies. 341

more shining and rather more coarsely punctured, the
anterior thoracic angles more distinct, and the less closely
punctured and pubescent abdomen, and the male characters.

¢. Last ventral plate with deep triangular excision, the
penultimate impressed in the middle line and sinuate on
either side.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

29. Stilicus insularis, sp. n.

Black, dull; elytra shining, unicolorous, obsoletely punc-
tured. Antennz (except last two or three joints) and legs
pitch-brown.

Length 4 mm.

Head large, transverse, with the eyes a little broader than
the elytra, posterior angles rounded ; eyes large ; vertex with
small, smooth, shining spot. Labrum and palpi pitch-black ;
puncturation close, umbilicate. Antenne pitch-black, with
the last two or three joints testaceous ; first joint long, stout ;
second shorter than first, about as long as third ; third and
fourth a little longer than broad ; fifth to teuth moniliform ;
eleventh short, acuminate. Thorax as long as broad,
narrower than the head and elytra, trapezoidal, widest at
the anterior angles, which are distinct and obtuse, strongly
narrowed in front, less strongly contracted in almost a
straight line to the posterior angles, which are obtuse; disc
with a smooth, shining, central space in its whole length ;
puncturation as on head. Legs pitchy brown; tarsi
testaceous. Elytra about a third longer than the thorax,
slightly longer than broad, shining black, with very fine
sparing puncturation. Abdomen pretty finely and moderately
closely punctured and pubescent.

3. Last ventral plate with semicircular emargination,
penultimate with two small tubercles near the posterior
margin, separated by a semicircular impression with the
convexity forwards.

Jamaica (Chester Vale district). Type in my collection.

30. Stilicus cupreus, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen bronze-black with coppery
reflex ; elytra brown, shining, with distinct coppery reflex.
Antenne brown with base and apex lighter; legs pale
testaceous ; tibiz infuscate.

Length 4°3 mm.

Head transverse, posterior angles rounded, quite as broad

€

342 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

as the elytra. Labrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne
with first two joints reddish brown, third to eighth dark
brown, ninth to eleventh testaceous; first jomt elongate,
stout ; second shorter than first and third ; third to sixth
longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length 3 seventh
to tenth moniliform; eleventh short, “oval. Puncturation
close, umbilicate, with small, smooth, s shining space on the
vertex. Thorax trapezoidal, scarcely longer than the breadth
at the anterior angles, which are distinct and obtuse,
gradually narrowed in a straight line to the base, more
strongly narrowed in front ; Aige with smooth Gentcal line
throughout ; puncturation as on head. Hlytra distinctly
longer than the thorax, longer than broad, with moderately
coarse and rugulose puneturation. Abdomen shining,
coppery bronze, ‘closely and finely punctured and pubescent.

Jamaica (Newcastle district, 3000 feet above sea-level).

A single female. ‘Tvpe in my collection.

31. Thinocharis fuscina, sp. n.
(Fauvel, zz ltt.)

Ferruginous ; head blackish, truncate posteriorly ; elytra
more or less infuscate on disc; head, thorax, and elytra
closely and distinctly punctured.

Length 3 to 3°3 mm.

Exceedingly close to S. densicollis, Shp., in general
appearance and shape of head ; but differs by the average
smaller size, less robust build, narrower thorax, and the male
characters.

Ilead transverse, quadrate, broader than the thorax,
truncate posteriorly ; eyes rather large, their diameter equal
to the length of the temples ; posterior angles rectangular,
pretty closely punctured, and finely wrinkled, sparingly
pubescent, sides with well-marked sete. Antenne as long
as the head and thorax, furnished with long hairs; first joint
long and stout ; second about balf the length of the first and
less thickened ; third to tenth longer than broad, aud scarcely
differing in length and breadth, much more slender than
second; eleventh elongate, acuminate. Thorax a little
broader than long, broadest at the anteriorangles, which are
obtusely rounded, eradually narrowed behind to the posterior
angles which are effaced ; puncturation fine, close, umbili-
cate; dise with smooth central line ; sides setiferous.
Klytra broader and distinctly longer than the thorax, longer
than broad, testaceous, more or less infusecate on fie dice.
leaving the sides and apex clear; puncturation finer than

Jrom the West Indies. 343

that of the thorax, umbilicate, moderately pubescent. Abdo-
men pretty closely and finely punctured and pubescent
throughout.

3. Last dorsal plate deeply and semicircularly incised ;
fifth ventral plate with deep semicircular notch on either
side of middle line, which forms a triangular lobe separating
the notches; sixth ventral plate with a deep triangular

notch.
Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in British Museum.

32. Thinocharis smithi, sp. n.

(Fauvel, a Zitz.)

Entirely black, rather shining; head large, transverse ;
elytra not longer than the thorax. Antenne and legs

reddish testaceous.

Length 2°5 mm.
Remarkable by its broad head, which is considerably wider

than the thorax and elytra, and the shortness of the latter.

Head with eyes considerably broader than long; eyes very
large, their diameter much greater than the length of the
temples and occupying nearly all the side of the head ;
temples very small ; posterior angles rounded ; puncturation
moderate, pretty close, umbilicate. Antenne reddish testa-
ceous, pilose ; first joint rather long and stout ; second about
half as long as first and about as thick ; third to tenth longer
than broad, gradually decreasing in length, the first of them
about as long as, but much more slender than, second, the
last of them a little longer than broad ; eleventh oval,
pointed. Thorax broader than the elytra, a little broader
than long, broadest at the anterior angles, which are obtuse,
gradually narrowed behind in a straight line to the posterior
which are effaced; puncturation umbilicate, coarser and not
so close as on the head; disc with smooth shining central
line. Elytra as long as broad, slightly widened behind,
narrower than, and about as long as, the thorax, with coarse
scattered puncturation and coarse sparing pubescence.
Abdomen moderately finely and closely punctured with
rather fine pubescence.

3. Fifth ventral plate broadly emarginate posteriorly,
sixth ventral plate with triangular notch in the posterior
margin.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

344 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

393. Ophiomedon anthracinus, sp. 0.
(Fauvel, in litt.)

Entirely black, dull. Antenne black, with the apex of
Jast joint yellowish. Legs dark brown.

Length 5:°5-6°3 mm.

Head square, as broad as the elytra, truncate posteriorly ;
eyes small, their diameter much less than the length of the
teniples, which are long and parallel; posterior angles right
angles, only blunted at the extreme apex ; mouth-parts
brown. Antennz long, rather slender, pilose; first joint
stout, elongate ; second much shorter than first and third;
third much shorter than first ; fourth to tenth longer than
broad, gradually decreasing in length ; eleventh oval, pointed,
longer than tenth ; puncturation close, umbilicate, not very
coarse. ‘Thorax scarcely longer than broad, widest at the
anterior angles, which are obtuse, gradually narrowed poste-
riorly in astraight line. Puncturation similar to, but rather
finer than, that of the head ; dise with a fine channel poste-
riorly. Hlytra distinctly longer than the thorax, longer
than broad, pretty closely and finely punctured. Abdomen
closely and finely punctured.

d. Last ventral plate with a deep triangular excision ;
the penultimate rather deeply and broadly emarginate, the
base of the emargination rounded, the angles produced a
little backwards, and, together with the sides of the notch,
turned and folded to form on either side a spoon-shaped
structure with the concavity inwards.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

34. Medon cingulatus, sp. n.
(Fauvel, 2 ditt.)

Pitch-brown or pitch-black, dull; apical third or half of
the elytra, apex of abdomen, antennz, and legs reddish
testaceous. ‘T'arsi simple.

Length 3°5 mm.

Size and build of L. infuscatus, readily distinguished by
the much smaller eyes, the rectangular posterior angles of
the head (which, with the thorax, is much more finely punc-
tured), and the coloration of the elytra.

Head large, square, as broad as the thorax ; eyes moderate ;
temples considerably longer than their diameter; base
truncate, posterior angles rectangular; sculpture coriaceous,
with very fine, obsolete, scattered punctures; sides with

from the West Indies. 345

well-marked sete. Antenne with first joint long and rather
stout ; second, third, and fourth of equal length, each a
little longer than broad ; fifth and sixth moniliform ; seventh
to ninth transverse, gradually increasing in width; tenth
about as broad as long; eleventh oval, pointed; the first
four joints setose, the rest pilose. Labrum bidentate, with
small notch between the teeth. Thorax a little longer than
broad, widest at the anterior angles, which are obtuse,
gradually narrowed behind, with the posterior angles broadly
rounded ; centre of disc with trace of median line ; sculpture
coriaceous, with very fine, obsolete, scattered puncturation ;
sides with well-marked sete. lytra longer than broad,
longer than the thorax and scarcely narrower, the apical
third or half reddish testaceous ; puncturation pretty close,
fine, and aciculate, moderately closely pubescent. Abdomen
closely punctured and pubescent throughout ; apex reddish
testaceous.

6. Last ventral plate distinctly emarginate.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British
Museum.

30. dderocharis conifer, sp. n.
(Fauvel, 7 (ét.)

Black, dull; sides, postero-external angles and apical
margins of the elytra, posterior margins of the dorsal abdo-
minal segments, apex of the abdomen, antennie, and legs
reddish testaceous.

Length 6 mm.

Somewhat resembling A. Jatro, Shp., but smaller, thorax
narrower, elytra longer, and differently coloured.

Head lar ge, quadrate, as broad as the elytra; eyes small,
their diameter considerably less than the length of the
temples, which are long and parallel ; posterior angles right
angles, just blunted at the extreme apex ; vertex emargi-
nate before the neck, and with a trace of fine line tow nik
the front. Labrum, mandibles, aud palpi red ; 3 punctura-
tion very fine and close. Antenne reddish, pilose ; first joint
long and stout ; second much shorter than first ; third longer
than second, but shorter than first ; fourth to tenth longer
than broad, gradually decreasing in ‘length ; eleventh oval,
pointed, not much longer than tenth. Thorax about as
long as broad, narrower than the elytra, broadest at the
anterior angles, which are obtuse, gradually narrowed in a
straight line to the posterior angles, which are rounded ; disc
with a narrow smooth central line ; the rest of the surface

346 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

densely and finely punctured. Elytra longer than the thorax,
longer than broad, pitchy, the sides broadly, the apex
narrowly, reddish, densely finely, but rather roughly, punc-
tured. Abdomeu black, the posterior margins of the first
four visible segments narrowly, the penultimate broadly, and
the last entirely reddish testaceous, finely and densely punc-
tured and pubescent throughout.

¢. Fifth ventral plate produced in the middle into a
triangular lamella, with emarginate apex and closely beset
with black sete, which bears near the base on either side a
large, broad, smooth tooth; sixth ventral plate with broad
deep emargination.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

36. Aderocharis obscurior, sp. n.
(Fauvel, zn htt )

Black, dull; elytra reddish brown; posterior margins of
the dorsal abdominal segments and apex obscurely lighter.

Length 6 mm.

Very closely allied to the preceding, so that a detailed
description is unnecessary, and from which it differs by the
more uniform reddish-brown colour of the elytra and the
more obscure coloration of the abdomen.

No sexual differences observed ; all the specimens appear
to be females.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

37. Scopeus angusticollis, sp. n.
(Fauvel, zn litt.)

Reddish brown, not very shining; abdomen lighter; an-
tenn, legs, posterior margins of the abdominal segments
and apex testaceous.

Length 3°8 mm.

Size and colour of S. liyulifer, Shp., but distinct by its
longer head and thorax, longer and much more finely punc-
tured elytra.

Head longer than broad, broader than the elytra ; temples
long, parallel; vertex emarginate posteriorly ; posterior
angles rounded; closely and finely punctured throughout.
Antenne with first jomt rather long and stout ; second to
sixth longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length ;
seventh to tenth globose; eleventh oval, pointed. Thorax
narrower than the head, distinctly longer than broad, widest
at the anterior angles, which are rounded but traceable, very

from the West Indies. 347

slightly narrowed to the posterior angles ; disc with a very
fine median line posteriorly and obsolete impression on either
side before the base ; puncturation fine and close, much
finer than on the head, sparingly pubescent. Elytra dis-
tinctly longer than the thorax, much longer than broad,
finely and closely but less distinctly punctured than the
thorax. Abdomen closely and finely punctured and
pubescent.

6 unknown.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

38. Scopeus auripilis, sp. n.
(Fauvel, zn litt.)

Dull; head and thorax ferruginous or black ; elytra black,
with apical margin sharply testaceous ; abdomen black,
somewhat shining, the posterior third of seventh and poste-
rior half of eighth dorsal plates sharply testaceous. An-
tennze and legs testaceous. The whole insect rather thickly
clothed with yellowish pubescence.

Length 3 mm.

A species very distinct. by its coloration and pubescence.

Head as broad as long, a little broader than the thorax at
the anterior angles; temples parallel; vertex emarginate
posteriorly ; posterior angles right angles, only blunted at
the extreme apex ; puncturation close, ruguluse, umbilicate ;
pubescence yellow, distinct. Antenne with first joint elon-
gate, stout; second and third of equal length ; fourth shorter
than third, a little longer than broad ; fifth to seventh
globose, eighth to tenth transverse, eleventh shortly oval.
Thorax scarcely longer than broad, widest at the anterior
angles, which are obtuse, gradually narrowed behind to the
posterior angles, which are rounded, more abruptly narrowed
in front to the neck; disc with a very fine shining carinula
behind, but without trace of basal foveee. Puncturation and
pubescence as on the head. Elytra slightly longer than the
thorax, a little longer than broad, the apical margin distinctly
testaceous, the shoulders sometimes obscurely lighter; punc-
turation close and rugulose, rather finer than that of the
thorax, especially behmd; pubescence distinct, yellow.
Abdomen slightly widened behind, less dull than the fore
parts, the posterior third of seventh and posterior half of
eighth dorsal segment sharply testaceous, pretty closely and
finely punctured, and with rather long yellow pubescence.

6 unknown.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British
Museum.

548 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphy linidee

39. Scopeus simplicicollis, sp. n.
(Fauvel, en Zitz.)

Narrow, elongate, scarcely shining; head ferruginous ;
thorax black ; elytra and abdomen black, the apical border
of the former and the posterior margins of the dorsal seg-
ments and apex of the latter narrowly reddish testaceous.
Antenne and legs reddish testaceous.

Length 2°3 mm.

In size, and superficially, resembles S. umbra, Shp.; but
differs from it by the darker coloration, broader, differently
shaped head, much coarser puncturation of the fore parts,
the absent or very obsolete basal fovex of the thorax, and
the male characters.

Head a little longer than broad, as broad as the elytra;
temples very slightly dilated and feebly narrowed to the
posterior angles, which are rounded, emarginate at the
posterior border, closely and finely punctured, finely pubes-
cent. Antenne with first joint stout, elongate ; second to
sixth longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length ;
seventh to tenth globose; eleventh short, oval. Thorax
narrower than the head, distinctly longer than _ broad,
broadest at the anterior angles, which are rounded, abruptly
narrowed in front, gradually narrowed behind to the rounded
posterior angles ; disc with a very fine median line through-
out the entire length, but without or with very obsolete
basal foveze ; puncturation close, a little coarser than on the
head. Posterior tarsi short. Elytraa little longer than the
thorax, distinetly longer than broad, similarly punctured to
the thorax, finely pubescent. Abdomen very finely and
moderately closely punctured and pubescent.

g. Sixth ventral plate with a broad semicircular emar-
gination of the posterior border ; fifth ventral plate with a
broad, very feeble emargination.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type inthe British
Museum.

Scopeus umbra, Shp.

This species was described in the ‘ Biologia Centrali-
Americana’ (i, 2, p. 544) from female specimens, the male
being then unknown. ‘This sex has the sixth ventral plate
narrowly and deeply excised in the middle line ; fifth ventral
plate longitudinally impressed in the middle, the impression
furnished with short black sete.

It is found in Grenada (H. H. Smith), Maiti, and Jamaica.

from the West Indies. 349

40. Scopeus marginatus, sp. n.

Black, not very shining (greasy lustre only), the posterior
margin of the elytra narrowly but brightly reddish testa-
ceous; legs and last six joints of the antenne reddish testa-
ccous 5 the basal half infuscate.

Length 3 mm.

Size and build of S. ligulifer, Shp., from which it differs by
the finer puncturation of the head and thorax, the coloration,
and the male characters.

Head square, a little broader than the thorax; the temples
parallel ; the posterior angles bluntly rectangular, the poste-
rior margin slightly emarginate. Antennze with first seven
joints longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length, the
last of them slightly oval ; eighth to tenth as long as broad ;
eleventh oval, pointed; puncturation very fine and close;
pubescence very fine and sparing. The thorax a little longer
than the greatest width, which is at the anterior angles,
which are obtuse but distinct; the disc without basal
impressions and with a feeble trace of central line in front
only ; puncturation very fine and close; pubescence fine.
Elytra a little longer than the thorax, longer than broad,
finely and closely punctured, finely pubescent. Abdomen
black, extreme apex brownish ; puncturation and pubescence
fine and close throughout. Posterior tarsi short.

g. Sixth ventral plate with deep triangular excision of
the posterior margin, fifth slightly emarginate and feebly
impressed, second and third with slightly curved, transverse,
impressed line before the posterior borders, the concavity
backwards.

Jamaica. Type in my collection.

41. Scopeus antennalis, sp. un.

Black, not very shining (greasy lustre only); elytra uni-
form dark brown; legs and last jomts of the antenne
reddish testaceous.

Length 3:5 mm.

This species is so similar to the preceding that a detailed
description is unnecessary. It differs from it by larger and
more robust build, the thorax more finely punctured, the
antennze are longer, all the joints longer than broad and the
first five or six infuscate, the elytra unicolorous, the abdo-
men more densely pubescent, and the male characters.

¢. Sixth ventral plate with deep triangular excisions at
the posterior margin ; fifth ventral plate feebly emarginate.

Haiti. Type in my collection.

350 On new Staphylinide from the West Indies.

Micranoprs, gen. nov.

Body elongate, apterous. Head oval-oblong, a little
broader than the thorax, longer than broad, emarginate
posteriorly, the neck about one-third the breadth of the head.
Eyes wanting, their position marked by a small, round,
whitish depression. Labrum transverse, bidentate, the teeth
separated by a narrow triangular notch, setose, Mandibles
falciform, with three blunt teeth about the middle. Maxillee
with the inner lobe ciliate internally, the outer ciliate at
apex. Maxillary palpi of normal length; first joint very
small; second elongate, about the length of third, the latter
thickened towards the apex; fourth minute, subulate.
Labium transverse. Tongue small, acuminate; paragloss
of similar size and shape. Labial palpi with first and second
joints cylindrical ; second a little longer than first; third
slender, pointed. Gular sutures diverging in front and
behind, most approximate about the middle. Antenne
filiform, straight. Thorax oblong, as wide as the elytra, with
the angles rounded. Scutellum small, triangular. LHlytra
shorter than the thorax, transverse. Abdomen bordered,
slightly widened before the apex, seventh dorsal segment
without a membrane at the posterior border ; first ventral
plate furnished with a short keel at the base ; anal styles not
exposed. Legs rather short, thighs stout, anterior tibiz
excavate internally. Tarsi five-jointed, the anterior (at least
in 2) dilated, middle and posterior short, simple ; the first
four joints subequal, fifth shorter than the first four united ;
claws simple. ‘Tibize pubescent.

Stands near Lathrobium and Scopeus ; from the first it
differs in the bidentate labrum, the tridentate mandibles,
pointed ligula, and structure of the posterior tarsi; from
Scopeus it differs by the bidentate labrum, simple ligula, and
stout neck, but agrees with it in the structure of the poste-
rior tarsi. It has the facies of a minute Lathrobium.

42, Micranops brunneus, sp. un.

Dark chestnut-brown, scarcely shining ; head and thorax
strongly coriaceous, with superficial scattered puncturation ;
mouth-parts, antennz, and legs testaceous,

Length 2°3 mm.

Head oval-oblong, longer than broad, emarginate poste-
riorly, posterior angles rounded. Eyes absent, their position
marked by around whitish depression. Antenne testaceous ;
first joint stout, not quite so long as the three following

On new Species of Histeride. 351

united ; second a little longer and stouter than third ; third
and fourth of about equal length, a little longer than broad ;
fifth and sixth square, seventh and eighth globose, ninth and
tenth transverse, eleventh short. Puncturation superficial,
scattered ; ground-sculpture very distinct, coriaceous ; pubes-
cence scanty. Neck one-third the width of the head.
Thorax oblong, a little narrower than the head, scarcely
wider at the anterior than at the posterior augles, which are
all rounded ; ground-sculpture as on head ; dise with broad
impunctate central area extending the whole length and a
very narrow, shining, smooth median line; the rest of the
surface with rather large superficial puncturation ; pubescence
scanty ; angles each with rather weak seta. Elytra much
shorter than the thorax, slightly widened behind, a little
broader than long, with rather coarse rugulose sculpture and
without visible ground-sculpture. Abdomen bordered, a
little widened before the apex, finely and sparingly punctured,
especially behind, with fine reticulate ground-sculpture and
fine sparing pubescence; seventh segment not furnished
posteriorly with a membranous border.

6. Sixth ventral plate with small triangular emargination,
fourth and fifth rather broadly impressed in the middle line,

Jamaica (Newcastle district, 38000 feet above sea-level).
Type in my collection.

XL.—On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others,
with Descriptions of new Species of Niponius. By G.
LewIs, F'.L.S8.

[Plate VIIL.]

I PROPOSE to call this paper the fortieth of the series, now
ranging over many years, in this Magazine, notwithstanding
that the genus Neonius has been assigned lately to a new
family, Niponiide, by tha consension of entomologists gene-
rally. ‘Vhe figures of the Histeride given have been drawn
from the types in the British Museum ; those of the Niponius
are in my collection.

List of Species, arranged generically.

Niponius foyeicollis, Cylistix asiaticus, Lev.
unistrius. | Eblisia beatula.
interstitialis, | Exorhabdus crenulistrius.
unidentatus, | Hister asperatus,

Trypanus junceus. | terrenus.
bispinus, Mars. Onthophilus tuberculatus, Lew,

carinirostris, Mars. sculptilis, Lez.

Mr. G. Lewis on >

nO)
Or
bo

Niponius foveicollis, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fie. 6.)

Elongatus, cylindricus, niger, nitidus; fronte in medio transverso
levi; pronoto 4-foveolato; elytris striis suturali, apice abbreviatis,
ceteris obsoletis; propyg gidio 4- foveolato; pygidio profunde bi-
foveolato.

L. 5 mill.

Elongate, cylindrical, black, and shining ; the head irregu-
larly punctured, points varying in size, on the vertex there is
a transverse smooth space which is marginate anteriorly and
narrows behind in the middle and then widens out irregularly
before the neck; the thorax has large irregular punctures
and four fovesw, two near the anterior angles, two behind the
middle of the disc; the elytra, the sutural stria, which is a
little shortened apically, is markedly continued along the
bases and turns backward before reaching the humeral angle,
and there apparently represents the first dorsal stria, the other
strize are obsolete or consist of linear punctures ; the pygidia
are very smooth; the propygidium has two small centre
fovee and two larger ones near the edges ; the pygidium has
two large fovew almost circular in outline; the prosternum,
striae strong and feebly joined posteriorly and markedly
terminating without joining anteriorly ; the mesosternum is
somewhat widely canaliculate ; the metasternum, the canalicu-
Jation is narrower but more marked, and the surface punctua-
tion is extremely fine; the anterior tibize are bidentate.

Hab. Peng ealengan, 4000 feet, Western Java (H. Fruh-
storfer, 189. 3),

Niponius unistrius, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 5.)

Cylindricus, parum robustus, niger, nitidus, abdomine pedibusque
rufis ; elytris punctatis, unistriatis, basi marginatis; propygidio
parum dense punctulatis, haud foveolato; pygidio utrinque
arcuatim sulcato.

L. 53 mill.

Cylindrical, rather robust, black, and shining, legs and
abdominal segments red; the head somewhat rugosely punc-
tured, carine on the cephalic armature well marked ; the
thorax, surface punctured more clearly than the head, ‘with
two large fovez, one on each side of the disc, anda tvansvense
impression on the edge behind the anterior angle ; the elytra
stronely margined along the bases, with one short stria near
the humeral “angle, surface cle early but not densely punctu-
late (points smaller than those of the thorax) ; the pro-
pygidium is more finely and more closely punctulate, without

new Species of Histeridie. 393

notable fovere, but on each side close to the edge is a very
small one; the pygidium is similarly pointed, with an arched
sulcus extending along the sides; the prosternum has sulci
in lieu of striz similar to those figured tor andrewest (Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xiv. p. 151, pl. vi. fig. 3a, 1904) ;
the mesosternum is less shortened than that of andrewesi,
but, like it, it has two lateral grooves and a median fovea on
the posterior edge ; the metasternum is conspicuously but not
densely punctate, the median canaliculation is narrowed in the
middle and somewhat slight ; the anterior tibiz are bidentate.

Hab. Andaman Islands.

Niponius interstitialis, sp.n. (Pl. VILI. fig. 4.)

Cylindricus, robustus, piceus, nitidus, abdomine rufo-brunneus ;
thorace haud foveolato; elytris tenuiter striatis; propygidio
4-foveolato ; pygidio profunde bifoyeolato.

L. 53 mill.

Cylindrical, rather robust, piceous, and shining, abdomen
and legs reddish brown; the head finely but rather densely
punctate, cephalic armature with two well-marked carinze ;
the thorax somewhat reddish at the anterior angles, punctua-
tion somewhat dense but of varying sizes, without fovee ;
the elytra, sutural stria is shortened apically but joins
the basal margin, the three strice next the sutural are
broken and punctiform and the outer striz are wanting, the
surface is punctulate including the interstices of the striz;
the propygidium is wholly punctured and has four fovez, the
cutside ones are largest and circular; the pygidium has two
large lobe-shaped fovew, and the surface around them is
punctulate; the prosternum is markedly striate, strie are
teebly sinuous before the coxw, conspicuously joined p»ste-
riorly, and feebly and transversely meeting in front (similar to
impressicollis) ; the meso- and metasterna are deeply canalicu-
late in the middle, the latter is very finely punctulate; the
anterior tibice are bidentate.

Hab. Somerset, Australia (M. L. a’ Albertis, 1875).

Nipontus unidentatus, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 7.)

Cylindricus, brunneus, nitidus; thorace haud foveolato; elytris
striis obsoletis; propygidio 4-foveolato; pygidio bifoveolato ;
tibiis anticis unidentatis.

L. 3 mill.

Cylindrical, brown, and shining ; the head, cephalic arma-
ture obtuse (similar to obtusiceps), surface somewhat densely

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 26

354 Mr. G. Lewis on

and rugosely punctured; the thorax also similarly pointed,
not foveolate, but there is a slight transverse impression
behind the anterior angle ; the elytra, sutural stria is trace-
able and also a short stria near the shoulder, the others are
obliterated by the punctuation; the propygidium has four
shallow foverw; the pygidium, surface punctured with two
foveee, nearly circular, at the base; the prosternum, striz
meet at both ends and are somewhat fine and parallel laterally ;
the meso- and metasterna are canaliculate and the latter is

very finely puncticulate ; the anterior tibie have a single
tooth only.

Hab. Singapore.

Trypancus junceus, Sp. nl.

. Elongatus, cylindricus, niger, nitidus; fronte leviter biimpressa,
haud suleato, rostro apice trigono ; pronoto antice bituberculato,
punctato; propy gidio py sidioque ‘distincte punctatis ; prosterno
parallelo marginato; tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.

¢d. Fronte concava, rostro apice obtuso reflexo; pronoto grosse
punctato.

L. 5 mill.

@. Elongate, cylindrical, black, and shining; the head,
the rostrum is triangularly reflexed at the apex and has two
lateral Jongitudinal impressions, flat and smooth between the
eyes; the thorax is punctate, not very densely, with two
small tubercles behind the head; the elytra are very finel
and sparsely punctulate; the pygidia are punctate like the
thorax, but more densely ; tle prosternum is laterally parallel
and marginate and truncate anteriorly.

¢. Forehead concave between the eyes, with the rostrum
obtusely reflexed at the apex, and the punctures of the thorax
are larger and more close.

This : species is smaller and much less robust than noxiUs,
nasicornis, and volvulus, to which section of the genus it
belongs in having the rostrum bulging at the sides, The
prosternum is relatively shorter also than in the others
named.

Hab. French Guyana.

Trypancus carinirostris, Mars.

In his description of this species Marseul says that the
thorax is 4-tuberculato,” but I have specimens from
Guiana which agree with his figure, which has only two, and
also with his description generally,

new Species of Histeride. 355

Trypancus bispinus, Mars.

I have the type of this from the Chevrolat Collection ; it is
a species very similar indeed to terebrans, Lew., in which the
prosternal stria meet gradually in front; in b/spenus the
strie meet acutely, Marseul says “ prosternum en triangle
allongé.”

Eblista beatula, sp. n.

Late ovalis, convexa, nigra, nitida; fronte transversa, depressa,
stria recta, valida; pronoto stria lateraliter valida, interstitiis
latis ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 brevibus, suturali utrinque
abbreyviatis ; propygidio transverso punctato; pygidio basi utrinque
profunde foveolato ; mesosterno recto, marginato; tibiis anticis
6-denticulatis.

L. 4 mm,

Broadly oval, convex, black, and shining; frontal stria

well marked anteriorly and nearly straight, but bent on each
side, with a transverse depression behind the stria, surface
smooth ; the thorax, marginal stria very fine, lateral stria
strong and continuing behind the head, and is feebly sinuous
before the base, interstice rather wide ; the elytra, strie 1-3
complete, 4-5 very short, apical, and equal in length ;
sutural discal, well shortened at both ends ; the propygidium
has a transverse row of punctures; the pygidium is smooth,
with a large circular fovea on each side at the base; the
mesosternum is straight anteriorly, marginal stria complete
and continuing along the metasternum, the suture is scarcely
visible ; the tibiz, anterior 6-denticulate.

This species is more convex than cavipyga, Lew., and the
elytral striz are much less deep. Z. cavipyga has the thoracie
lateral stria markedly bent at the base. In my type example
there is a third shallow fovea in the pygidium before the
apex, but I doubt if this is a constant character,

Hab. Burma.

Exorhabdus crenulistrius, sp. n.

Ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte biimpressa, stria carinata,
recta; pronoto striz laterali integris; elytris striis 1-8 integris,
4 basi obsoletis, 5 dimidiata, suturali basi abbreviata ; propygidio
pygidioque dense punctatis ; mesosterno recto, marginato; tibiis
anticis 3-dentatis.

L. 7-7} mill.

Oval, convex, black, and shining; the head, frontal stria
26*

356 Mr. G. Lewis on

carinate, straight anteriorly, and behind it are two impressions
with rugose surfaces, and the space between them is-rugose ;
the thorax, marginal stria very fine, with two well-marked
lateral strize; the inner stria continues behind the head and is
feebly sinuous behind the eyes, at the anterior angle the
interstice is punctured and there is a border-line of points
along the base; the elytra, striz deep and crenulate, outer
humeral short and basal, inner humeral and 1-3 dorsal com-
plete, 4 indistinctly shortened at the base, 5 apical and
nearly dimidiate, sutural is bent and clearly abbreviated at
the base; the pygidia are densely punctate; the mesosternum
anteriorly 1s straight and marginate ; the anterior tibia are
3-dentate, the apical tooth being very robust; this last cha-
racter 1s common to all the species of Exorhabdus, and it is
also seen in Hister fossa, vadutus, and others.

The general sculpture of this species resembles that of
eneus ; there is no band of thoracic punctures, but in one
specimen there are a few irregular points at the anterior
angle.

Hab. Mufungwa, Sampwe, Congo River (Dr. Bequaert).

Hlister asperatus, sp. n.

Breviter ovalis, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte stria antice
sinuata ; pronoto lateribus conspicue rugoso-punctato; elytris
striis fortibus crenatis, 1-4 integris, 5 dimidiata, suturali basi
abbreviata ; propygidio pygidioque vix dense punctatis; meso-
sterno recto, marginato ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L, 114-123 mill.

Shortly oval, rather convex, black, and shining ; the head
obscurely punctulate above, stria well marked and sinuous
anteriorly ; the thorax, inner lateral stria complete, clear and
crenulate behind the head, laterally it is irregular owing to
the rugose sculpture, the outer stria ceases behind the eye
and is shortened before the base, the sides are strongly and
rugosely punctured, including the interstice; the elytra,
outer humeral stria short,not reaching the base, and ceasing
at a point opposite to where the inner humeral begins, inner
humeral apical and dimidiate, stria 1-4 deep and complete
with crenulate edges, 5 apical and dimidiate, sutural well
shortened anteriorly and bent, turning away from the suture
at both ends, the interstices, especially those of the inner
humeral and the first and second striz are rugosely punc-
tured on the apical half, and the apical border is irregularly
rugose ; the pygidia are rather closely punctate, the pygidium

new Species of Uisteride. 357

is not margined apically ; the mesosternum is straight and
clearly marginate ; the anterior tibize are 3-dentate.

This species is lar ger than adjectus, Mars., but it is very
similar in outline.

Hab. Kaniri, Congo River (Dr. Bequaert).

Flister terrenus, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexiusculus, opacus, niger, rugoso-punctissimus ; fronte
stria antice sinuato ; elytris striis tenuiter impressis vel obsoletis ;
prosterno angustato, marginato; mesosterno emarginato, stria
marginali integra; tibiis anticis valide 3-dentatis.

L, 7 mill.

Oval, rather. convex, opaque, and black, densely and
rugosely punctate above, the frontal stria is fine but very
distinct and feebly sinuous in front ; the thorax, the marginal
stria is very fine and close to the edge, and continues so
behind the head, behind the head there is a second fine stria
ending on each side behind the eyes and leaving a very
narrow interstice, from the basal angle along one half of the
thorax is a fine carinate stria close to the edge, in front of
the scutellum there is a short linear smooth space, not very
conspicuous; the elytra, the dorsal striz are very fine, the
lateral margin is finely carinate (this may represent the outer
humeral stria), the inner humeralis complete and bent behind
the base, 1-2 complete, 3 slightly shortened at the base, 4-5
almost obliterated, also the sutural ; the pygidia are more
coarsely sculptured than the thorax and the sculpture is some-
what reticulate; the prosternum, the keel is narrowed
before the coxe and has a marginal stria ; the mesosternum
is feebly emarginate, stria complete ; the underside is more
or less punctulate ; the anterior tibize are robust and strongly
3-dentate.

The dorsal striw of this species somewhat resemble those
of H. semigranosus, Mars., but there is no known species
similar to it. It will be figared shortly.

Hab. Mlianje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), 1912. One

example in the British Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Cylistix asiaticus, Lew.
Fig. 2. Onthophilus sculptilis, Lew
Fig. 3. tuberculatus, Lew.
Fig. 4. Niponius interstitialis.
Fig. 5. unistrius,

Fig. 6. —— foveicollis.

Fig. 7, —— unidentatus.

358 Mr. O. Thomas on the

XLI.— The Geographical Races of the Woolly Opossum
(Philander laniger). By OLprietp Tuomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum. }

THE series now available of the Philander laniger group
covers fairly well the chief area over which these beautiful
animals are found—from Vera Cruz to Peru. Passing from
north to south, they seem to fall into the following geogra-
phical races :—

Si MiexiGOcm seein hy sehae oe a iheésss) Ph.D aetecus, subsp) im
Guatemala <2 ..8..e0. <n e26 deel gisit Ph. 1. fervidus, subsp. n.
Costa Rica and Panama chieesi) GPhod paliedys, bos.
Islands off Panama Cuast .........- Ph. l. nauticus, subsp. n.

Western Colombia and N. Ecuador.. Ph. 1. derbianus, Waterh. (syn.
pyrrhus, Thos.), and pictus,

subsp. n.
Santa Marta, Bogota, and Merida .. Ph. J. cicwr, Bangs.
Wrestem) Ecuador )..2. 41 Siaci4. asl Ph. l. guayanus, Thos.
astern WMewadiors > hovo- as uew mars Ph. l. jivaro, subsp. n.
Peru... dae RR er Sy enn Ph, 1. ornatus, Tschudi.

The original “ Micouré laineux” of Paraguay (PA. 0.
laniyer) and that described by Wagner as Didelphys ochropus
from the lower Rio Negro no doubt also represent distinct
races, but I have seen no specimens of either.

It is not yet clear what is the relation of the beautifully
contrasted grey and red forms—such as aztecus and pictus—
to those more uniformly coloured. One of each occurs in
Western Colombia, though not in absolutely the same locality,
but elsewhere only a single form is found in each of the areas
mentioned above. It is remarkable how like aztecus and
ptetus are to each other, while the region between them is
occupied by the more uniformly coloured j/ervidus and
pallidus.

The possibility of making this study has hitherto been
delayed by the difficulty of allocating the name derbianus,
Waterhouse, 1841, based on a specimen of unknown locality
with characters that might belong to any of the races, from
Mexico to Peru. Now, however, thanks to the kindness of
the authorities of the Liverpool Museum, I have had the loan
of Waterhouse’s type, which I find to agree fairly closely
with the form of the Cauca Valley, my PA. ¢. pyrrhus being
therefore a synonym of it. ‘This same identification was
made—either by a clever guess or after examination of the

type—by Dr. J. A. Allen in 1904 *.
* Bull, Am, Mus. N. H. xx. p. 67 (1904).

Geographical Races of the Woolly Opossum. 309

These animals all vary a good deal in their coloration, as
indicated by Dr. Allen, and the distinctions given must be
looked upon as average ones, Hnough specimens have,
however, been examined to show that their average characters
are sufficiently constant locally to be used for the distinction
of the different subspecies.

The following are the descriptions of the new forms :—

Philander laniger aztecus, subsp. n.

Colours brightly contrasted. General colour rich ferru-
ginous. Crown grey to behind level of ears. Withers-streak
large, white, prominent. Rump and outer sides of hips grey
all across, the grey also passing on to the hairy part of the
tail. Forearms and wrists prominently white. Hind legs
ferruginous. Under surface and inner side of limbs buffy
whitish, the hairs not darkened basally.

Hab. (of type). San Juan de la Punta, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Another specimen from Teapa, Tabasco.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 94. 12.18.28. Received
from the Museo Nacional, Mexico.

Distinguished from the otherwise rather similar PA. 1. pictus
by the grey of the rump not being interrupted mesially and
by the rusty-coloured hind limbs, these being in pictus
whitish like the anterior pair.

Philander laniger fervidus, subsp. n.

Colours very deepand strong throughout. General colour
rich cinnamon-rufous, the lighter markings yellow instead of
grey. Head yellow to level of ears. Withers-mark well
developed, strongly contrasted, buffy yellow. Under surface
pale buffy yellow, the belly tending more towards ferruginous.
Fore limbs to wrists buffy yellow. Hind limbs deep ferru-
ginous. Naked part of tail wholly dark brown to end.

Hab. Guatemala.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6. 10. 22. 1. Collected
by J. Rodriguez. Presented by F. DuCane Godman, Hsq.

he dark colour of the tail is unique in the group, but is
paralleled among some of the species of Metachirus. Its
very rich ferruginous colour and the yellowness of the light
markings—whitish grey in other forms—will realily distin-
guish this handsome animal from all its allies,

Philander laniger nauticus, subsp. n.

Most nearly allied to PA. 1. pallidus, to which it has been
hitherto referred, but the brown colour usual in the members

360 On the Geographical Races of the Woolly Opossum.

of the group less reduced, the general colour being about
“ sayal-brown ”’ in all four specimens, as compared with the
nearly completely grey colour of eight examples of true
pallidus. Head little paler than body. No withers-mark
perceptible. Under surface pale buffy. Forearms and
wrists buffy whitish. Hind limbs pale brown.

Hab. Aslands off the west coast of Panama. Type from
Gobernador Island, others from Brava and Cebaco Islands.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 3. 3. 1.124. Collected by
J. H. Batty. Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild,
Deas

A browner and less peculiarly grey relative of the Chiriqui
Ph. 1. pallidus.

Philander laniger pictus, subsp. n.

A brightly marked form resembling Ph. /. aztecus. Colours
sharply and strongly contrasted. Ground-colour rich ferru-
einous, light colours clear grey. Head grey to level of ears.
Withers-mark prominent, large, clear greyish white. Under
surface creamy white throughout. Fore limbs wholly
greyish white, this colour also extending up into the body-
colour behind the shoulders. Outer side of hips and whole
of hind limbs clear greyish white, divided on the rump by
the ferruginous body-colour, which becomes dark brown on
the hairy part of the tail.

Hab. West Colombia and N. Ecuador. Type from Apia,
Rio Apia, Cauca slopes of West Colombia. Alt. 5000’.
Another specimen from St. Javier, N. Keuador.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10. 7.16.5. Collected
10th November, 1909, by Mr. M. G. Palmer. :

In general appearance very like Pd. 1. aztecus, but with
the grey on the hips separated mesially, and with the hind
limbs and feet white instead of brown.

Philander laniger jivaro, subsp. n.

Most nearly allied to Ph. l. ornatus, Tsch., the Peruvian
representative of the group; but, while that is more or less
rufous in general tone (astrongly marked specimen is nearest
to “ amber-brown,” Ridgway), the present form is a dark
golden brown without rufous tinge, most nearly approaching
“cinnamon-brown’’ (Ridgway, 1912). Under surface ave-
raging rather darker than in ornatus, the axillary hairs not
lighter than those of the belly. Inguinal region dull white.
Outer side of hips hoary grey. Tail with the difference in

On new Voles from the Inner [ebrides, Scotland. 361

extent of hair above and below over 4 inches; the base
coloured like the back,

Hab. Eastern Ecuador. '‘l'ype from Sarayacu on tbe
Pastasa River. Another specimen from Canelos, on the
Bobonasa, alt. 2100’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 80. 5. 6.75. Collected by
Mr. Clarence Buckley.

From the dull-coloured PA. 1. cicur of Santa Marta and
Bogota this subspecies differs by its greyer hips and the
greater difference between the upper and lower extent of thie
hair of the tail; but it is no doubt intermediate in character
as in locality between ornatus and cicur.

XLI1L.—Three new Voles from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland.
By G. E. H. Barrerr-Haminton and Martin A. C.
HINTON. :

In a paper recently read before the Zoological Society we
gave an account of a collection of small mammals from the
Inner Hebrides, This was made by Mr. R. W. Sheppard in
1912, working under the direction of Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-
Grant, who organized and managed the expedition. Harly
in the present year Mr, Ogilvie-Grant arranged with Mr. D.
Anderson and Mr. P. D. Montague to continue the field-work,.
Mr, Anderson went to the Outer Hebrides and subsequently
to Rum and Higg, while Mr. Montague visited Skye and the
neighbouring islands of Raasay, Muck, and Higg. Later,
Mr. C. H. B. Grant completed the work in Skye. The
resulting collections are of great importance, and when fully
worked out will throw much light on several obscure
problems. In the present note we have to describe a new
species of Hvotomys from Raasay and two new subspecies ef

the Microtus agrestis group, one from each of the islands
Higg and Muck.

1. Evotomys erica, sp. n.

Lub, RAASAY, Inner Hebrides.“ Trapped in big heather,
rather scarce” (Moutague).

Material examined, Three adult, but not old, males.
Dimensions :—

Head and Hind
body. Tail. foot. Lar.

No. 79 (type), male, 15th April, 1913,. 110 45 18 18

No. 80, ih aa SOOO) ES aay Ano aes

No. 81, Cy PSRs tay ani he Shp AS or BO RO Belg

362 Messrs. Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton on new

External characters. Like E. alstont from Mull (Abstract
P. Z. S. no. 119, 15th April, 1913, p. 18) in general appear-
ance, but slightly larger and with very robust tail. The
underside is much more heavily washed with buff, and is in
sharp contrast with the dark-coloured flanks; the under
surface of the tail is clear buff, and sharply contrasted with
the dark brown of its upper side.

Dental and cranial characters. The cheek-teeth are of
normal form, but are much larger than in Z. alstoni or most
other species of Hvotomys, being scarcely smaller than those
of cesarius: ch.t.3* has always a deep third inner fold

and usually a large fourth inner salient angle, but in no. 80
the latter is obsolete in the left tooth.

The skull is most readily distinguished from that of
FE. alstoni by its larger cheek-teeth, broader zygomatic arches,
heavier jugals (their upper borders boldly convex), more
prominent and extensive postorbital crests, less convex
parietal region, wider pterygoid fesse, with correspondingly
narrower choanee, and vertical instead of ventrally divergent
pterygoids. ‘The antero-internal part of each auditory bulla
is produced into a blunt point instead of being rounded.
The outer wall of the infraorbital canal is a little wider, the
rostrum rather deeper and narrower, with smaller and nar-
rower palatal foramina, the interorbital region slightly more
constricted, and the palate relatively wider. The mandible
is larger than in alstoni, its coronoid, condylar, and angular
processes noticeably more robust; its inferior border is much
thicker and the lower margin of the angle is broadened
throughout into a wide surface for the insertion of the super-
ficial part of the masseter muscle; the width of this surface
ig 1-4 mm., but in Z. alstoni only 0-4 mm. For the cranial
dimensions see table on p. 363.

Remarks. As we have pointed out elsewhere, L. alstoni is
of interest, since in our opinion it represents in a somewhat
modified form the type which in the late Pleistocene period
was dominant in Western Europe. This type appears to have
been ousted from the more favoured portions of its territory
by an incoming rival, /. glareolus ; and it survives only in
islands, on mountains, or in the less hospitable northern
districts. In each of such restricted stations it has suffered
more or less profound modification in coping with the demands
of purely local conditions, and therefore it is now represented
* In this paper we write “ ch.¢.” instead of the usual “m.,”” because
such a symbol is non-committal; in the opinion of one of us (see Proc.
Geol. Assoc. xxi. p. 490, 1910) the anterior cheek-teeth of Microtinze are
persistent ‘ milk-molars,” and the formula dm. i m. the correct one
for the group.

363

Voles from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland.

‘(opuxyord sjoor avpour) pio
‘pasy

‘(xapLog IwpOaATR 4B ayqrsta yak
JOU SPOOL LE[OUL) TapypO ATUPSITS
‘yjupe cunox

“SY MBVUL YT

*(aBpoaaye)

1]}99}-Yooyd Iaaor yf

9-16
L:GG
BFE
DPS
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POL | $9
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— (NOL = 13819]
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364 Messrs. Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton on new

by a number of specifically or subspecifically distinet forms.
Among such relicts 4. alstoni is one of the least modified,
and appears to have its closest ally in LZ. norvegicus, the
Skandinavian representative of the ancient type. The
Raasay Bank-mouse carries the story a stage further. A
careful analysis of the dental and cranial characters of all the
available species of Hvotomys recently made by one of us
leaves no room for doubting that HZ. alstond and FE. ertca are
more nearly allied to each other than is either of them to any
other known form. Of them, the former is the more primitive;
the latter appears to have adapted itself to subsistence upon a
coarser diet than that affected by most species of Hvotomys.
For this purpose the cheek-teeth have become larger and
stronger; the muscles of the jaws have therefore acquired
greater strength, and this in turn has, by demanding in-
creased size and strength from those parts of the skull to
which the muscles in question are attached, moulded the
skull in a peculiar way. Thus the growth of the anterior
part of the temporal muscle has caused more extensive con-
striction of the interorbital region, produced longer and more
prominent postorbital crests, and stimulated growth of the
upper border of the jugal. The increased development of
the masseter has caused deepening of the rostrum, widening
of the outer wall of the infraorbital canal, and expansion of
the zygomata, in addition to the change in the angular
process of the mandible described above. To the growth of
the pterygoid internus is due the widening of the pterygoid
fossee and the narrowing of the interpterygoid space; further,
because of this extension the eustachian tube, in order to
keep in connection with the pharynx, has grown further —
forwards and inwards, and so has produced the change noted
in the form of the bullee.

Microtus agrestis mial, subsp. n.
Hab. Exae, Inner Hebrides. ‘‘ Not entirely nocturnal ;
common in big heather’? (Montague).
Material examined. ‘Yen collected by Mr. P. D. Montague.
Dimensions :-—

Head and Hind

body. Tail. foot. Ear.
No. 63, male, 30th March, 1913....... 108 32 18 13
No. 66, ,, Bist ,, “plan he 116 32 4685 8
ING. °716,* 55 ts ER eA pr ee ee 108 34 18 13
No. 49, female, 29th March ,, ...... 104 51 195 18
No. 60,: yo Wether ee 110.7 89 Ota
No. bl, 9°, 2200h > Gy, on, 0G ao lo
No. 62 Uta te as ae cee 103 30 19 15

No. 64(type), female, 80th March, 1913. 113 36 20 12
No. 65, » ey pl 10 ae
No. 67, » Bist oy 00 6 eee

Voles from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. 365
Nine collected by Mr. D. Anderson :—
Head and Hind

body. Tail. foot. Ear.
No. 61, male, 13th June, 1913 .... 107 39 18 13

Wo. 65 jr MRM es ogc vcs ay Loe. Soe eles Gaels
WoiG4f SOMMER Ue ies gen osu Hdd “Sib pee

,
No.. Th ero hee eee = 36 18 13
No. 72, male, juv., 19th June,1915.. 98 27 18 10
No. 60, female, 13th June, 1915.... 101 i) 17 12
ING: GZo04 "5. “f ne ah eatin BLO 37 18 12
Wore v5 * LSth 3 ee a EG 38 19 13
Nox G03) 7:3; " i SLUR An Hy wea 37 17 12

Judging from the skulls the specimens range from imma-
ture to young adult. None are really old.

External characters. Having regard to the age of the
specimens this new form agrees in size and proportions with
M. a. exsul, from which, however, it differs strikingly in
pelage. The general colour of the back is about as in ewsul,
but the rump and flanks are much darker ; the underside and
the posterior surface of each hind leg are silvery, in sharp
contrast with the dark brown of the flanks and rump.
Rarely the underside shows faint traces of a median stripe of
yellowish wash. The fur is longer and rather coarser in
texture than in easu/, giving the animal a shaggy instead of
a sleek appearance; this and the darkening of the rump and
flanks is due to the greater abundance and length of the
black “bristle” hairs. These features are conspicuous in
both vernal and zstival specimens.

Dental and cranial characters. In enamel-pattern the cheek-
teeth of mial agree with those of ewsul: in the nineteen cases
examined only one was entirely without a trace of the fourth
inner angle in ch. t. 1; in three this structure was represented
merely by a microscopic vestige ; in eleven it was small but
quite distinct ; and in four it was large and of regular form.

Nine skulls admit of detailed investigation: their condylo-
basal lengths range between 25:4 and 27:4 mm., and the
condition of their temporal ridges &e. is such as to indicate
that, as in evsul and other subspecies of agrest’s, the condylo-
basal length in old specimens must amount to 28°5 mm. or
more. Compared with skulls of exsul of equal age, that of
mial agrees closely, differing only in having the nasals rela-
tively a little shorter, the auditory bull slightly smaller,
and the basioccipital, which, of course, is in close relation
with the bull, slightly shorter. These differences are made
clear in the following table :—

266 Messrs. Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton on new

M. a. mial. M. a. exsul.

1. Condylo-basal length...........se+0s 100 100
OF INGERVIIMEetH MN Bogtoocdoudceon es Sood 26:2-27°3 28:0-30°0
3. Distance between condyle and molars... 89°8-42°3 396-421
4, 5 - i anterior

faco (of bulla GoGo dete ecient: cosas 284-296 29°5-3 14
5. Median length of basioccipital........ 15°8-15°9 15:3-17'8

It is quite likely that when older skulls of mzal come to
hand further distinctions from evsud will be found ; a sugges-
tion of this is afforded by the skull of the type, which has
the parietal region flatter than in any of the numerous skulls
of evsul before us. For the cranial dimensions see table on
p. 367.

Remarks. M. a. mial is to be regarded as a_ peripheral
and local modification of JZ. a. exsul ; in the Outer Hebrides
the latter, so far as is known, shows no tendency to be
differentiated into local races on the various islands which it
inhabits.

3. Microtus agrestis luch, subsp. n.

Hab. Muck, Inner Hebrides. ‘ Very scarce; trapped in
short heather on the edge of the cliff” (Alontague).

Material examined. 'Vhree adults collected by Mr. P. D.
Montague. Dimensions :—

Head and Hind
body. Tail. foot. Ear.
No. 72, male, 4th April, 1913 ...... 108 32 175 11:0
No. 74 (type), male, 5th April, 1918.. 110 33 18 115
No. 78, female, 4th April, 1918 .... 100 38 18 11-0

In the skulls the temporal ridges are fused in the inter-
orbital region, and these animals are at least nearly of full
size.

Fiaternal characters. Size smailer than in other subspecies
of agrestis, nearly as in AZ. dirtus. The fur is dense and
shaggy, rather like that of mia/, although this character is
less marked. The underside, including that of tail, has
throughout a heavy wash of buff or yellow, darkened here
and there by the slaty bases of the hairs. On the back the
black “bristle”? hairs are nearly as abundant and as long as
in mial, and the colour is as dark as in the latter ; laterally
these hairs are fewer in number and shorter, so that the
colour of the flanks is lighter than in the Eigg form, and it
passes insensibly into the buff of the underside.

Dental and cranial characters. The cheek-teeth are normal ;
ch. t. 1 las no trace of a fourth inner angle. Save for its

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‘peme-oPPIN| L9 {Sot )/ 29 | 92 | 92 | 29 | Pit | te | eer | p93 | 911 “N

"Insva “D *AT |

Voles from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland.

a ee eo ee ee |S lime |
—=~P & =~ D & S = + a3 =
2s r=} es! 72) & =o a) © fo)
— a a Fomet fate ~ col no 1 I
=a = Qu aa ff i ey ° S =| S
1? xe a ae fara ay Et ry = i=] pee
a S 62 5 ® 2 a o © is)
ms > ee =) (=| = ; =o er 1
> ¢ 4 ‘ (oie) iy ct O° (=m
mw & we a Ler} ~ PC)
ae Ze, e | \e g al ea Nay:
“syrBarey =o ® : aay = 3 ® a
1 ae o @ i=) ch B 2 —
fia = B 5, = oR
Cro @ 2 t+
o & a S =
eo => ee a. :
im i=] =)
= Ls

‘dno siysoise "W 247 fo SuLOT YSYIMG fo suorsuaUIg pprun.t

368 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

smaller size the skull cannot be distinguished from that of
M. a. neglectus ; it differs quite strikingly from the skull of
mial in its smaller size, relatively greater zygomatic breadth,
broader brain-case, and longer basioccipital (17:3 °/, of
condylo-basal length). For the cranial dimensions see table
on p. 367.

Remarks. This mouse is apparently a dwarfed insular
development of M. a. neglectus, the form inhabiting the
Scottish mainland. The presence of such an animal on
Muck is the more interesting when we recall that on Eigg,
as on Skye, Mull, Jura, Islay, Gigha, and Arran the grass-
mice are either identical with evsul or more nearly related to
it than to néglectus. It seems probable that Eigg and Muck
have been separated from each other for a very long time
and that Muck has been joined with the mainland at a more
recent date than that of the severance of most of the other
islands.

XLIIT.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—LIV.
By T. D. A. Cocxrre yt, University of Colorado.

Megachile vincta, Vachal.

Two females from Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald: Alfken
coll. 1). Previously known only from Arica, Chili. In one
the abdomen shows distinct green tints. The ventral scopa
is clear white, with a little black hair at extreme apex.

Megachile pyrrhogastra, sp. un.

? .—Length about 125 mm.

Robust ; head and thorax black, with long pale ochreous
hair ; abdomen bright ferruginous, the first segment above
with ochreous hair, second to fifth with rather broad, entire,
orange-fulvous hair-bands; ventral scopa white, scanty and
fulvous on Jast segment ; extreme sides of third and following
segments with black hair, long and conspicuous, invading
the scopa, on the fourth. Wings strongly reddish, with an
orange tint. Legs black, the femora more or less stained
with red. Mandibles broad, quadridentate ; clypeus shining,
strongly punctured, the lower margin with two tubercles
close together ; antenne chestnut-red, dusky above ; meso-
thorax granular from very dense minute punctures ; tegulie

Records of Bees. 369

ferrnginous ; hair of legs pale, ferruginous on inner side of
the broad hind tarsi; spurs very pale reddish ; apical tarsal
joints ferruginous ; claws simple; last dorsal abdominal
segment straight in profile, with very fine and short ap-
pressed ochraceous hair, and some longer hairs; a few
black hairs before the orange band on fifth segment.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald; Alfken coll. 3).

Resembles M. pulchra, Smith, but differs in the colour of

the legs and abdominal bands.

Megachile pyrrhotricha, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 125 mm.

Robust ; black, with the hind tarsi and small joints of the
other tarsi rather obscure red. Wing gs rather dilute fuligi-
nous; ventral scopa bright fox-red. Head broad ; mandibles
quadridentate ; clypeus shining, strongly punctured, with a
delicate median raised line, lower margin practically
straight; cheeks and sides of face and front with con-
spicuous long white hair, vertex with black hair; antennie
dark ; mesothorax dull in front, but otherwise shining, with
scattered punctures of different sizes, none large ; middle of
scute]lum smooth and shining ; a very little black hair on
thorax above, but an erect tuft on tubercles ; margins of
mesothorax (including band in scutello-mesothoracic suture) ,
and all of metathorax and pleurz with creamy-white hair ;
tegule piceous. Legs with pale hair, fox-red on inner side
of hind tarsi; spurs very pale re diish ; claws with a sub-
basal tooth. Abdomen shining, finely punctured, with a
faint greenish tint ; first segment above with creamy-white
hair, the others with pale fulvous hair-bands, more or less
interrupted on the second; segments between the bands
with scanty short black hair; last dorsal segment straight in
profile, with very minute appressed fulvous hairs, and black
bristles laterally.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2 2 (Buchwald; Alfken
coll. 2).

Not unhke M. ehrysophila, Ckll., but sculpture of scu-
tellum wholly different.

Megachile perochracea, sp. n,

9 .—Length about 10 mm.

Robust ; black, including the tarsi, mandibles obscurely
reddish ; hair of head and thorax above bright ochreous
mixed with fuscous; hair of face (mixed with black on

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 27

370 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

clypeus), cheeks, pleursze, and metathorax vale ochreous,
becoming white on underside of thorax ; first abdamurel
segment “above with fulvous hair, brighter than the ochreous
bands on the second to fifth segments ; sides of third and
following segments with long black hair ; ; ventral scopa
creamy white, with black hair only at extreme sides ; tegulie
reddish ochraceous, with a fuscous spot. Wings dusky.
Head very broad; mandibles obscurely quadridentate ;
clypeus shining, well punctured, with a median ridge, the
lower margin gently concave in the middle; antenne dark ;
mesothorax and scutellum dull, densely granular-punctate ;
a broad fulvous hair-band in scutello-mesothoracic suture.
Legs with pale hair, ferruginous on inner side of tarsi; hind
basitarsi broad; claws simple; black hair between the
abdominal bauds extremely short; left dorsal segment in
profile slightly concave, with short ochraceous tomentum
and small dark bristles.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador, 38 92 (Buchwald; Alfken
coll. 5).

Very like M. permunda, Ckll., only known in the male,
but that Brazilian species has red legs. It is superficially
rather like M. lenticula, Vach., but the sculpture of the
mesothorax is entirely different.

Megachile portalis, sp. n.

? .—Length a little over 10 mm.

Robust ; black, with the dorsal hair cream-coloured or
very pale ohee eous and black, the other hair white ; abdo-
minal bands very narrow, entire; black hair at sides of
abdomen, but ventral scopa w hite, black on last segment
except basally. Wings strongly dusky; tegule piceous.
Eyes converging below; clypeus densely punctured, lower
margin gently concave in middle. Antenne slender, fla-
gellum obscure reddish beneath ; face and cheeks with white
hair (thin on elypeus), vertex with black ; mesothorax and
scutellum dull, densely and finely punctured; a pale hair-
band in scutello-mesothoracic suture. Legs with pale hair,
ferruginous on inner side of tarsi ; claws simple ; last dorsal
segment straight in profile, with appressed ochreous tomen-
tum and small black bristles.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2 92 (Buchwald; Alfken
coll. 4).

Close to M. perochracea, but the pubescence is differently
coloured and the clypeus has no median ridge.

on

Records of Bees. 37

The following table will readily separate the above
species :—

PEA DO OMEN REG hc glace sais lg Seg eea: & syeecaest ok py rhogastra, Ckll.
SALOME: GATE. wy wa 3% fdatedees wee MEG tAns i

Pe Aon eral seo ia, POM. ch Spat mars sitet aati ye tno oa Oy Saag Ck.
Mentraliscopanot red: sate anton mess kei =

2. Thorax above with hair all black ............ hiicion Vachal.
Thorax above with hair not all black.......... 3.

3. First abdominal segment with bright ochreous or

fulyous hair; clypeus with a median ridge.. perochracea, Chl.

WVREROM Nese GHARACEEPS' Soy occas sie wae vot portalis, Cx.

Megachile kashgarensis, sp. u.

? .—Length 134 mm.

Very robust; black, with ochreous pubescence ; vertex
and dises of mesothorax and scutellum with dark chocolate-
coloured hair; head as broad as thorax; antenne dark ;
mandibles with the long cutting-edge very oblique, with four
well-defined subequal teeth ; ely peus coarsely and extremely
densely punctured, with a shining median line, lower margin
straight, faintly trituberculate ; face with abundant pale
ochraceous hair ; mesothorax with the sides densely rugoso-
punctate, but the disc shining, with large well-separated
punctures ; scutellum densely punctured; no conspicuous
hair-bands on thorax; tegule piceous, with broad pale
rufous margins. Wings hyaline, slightly dysky; b.n.
falling short of t-m. Legs black, with pale hair, ferru-
ginous on inuer side of tarsi ; hind basitarsi broad ; anterior
tibiz with a fringe of long hair behind. Abdomen hairy
aud with narrow, well-defined, entire bands on all the seg-
ments except the last; second to fourth segments with
ochreous hair covering part before the bands, but fifth and
sixth segments show black hair, and fourth a little black just
before the band ; apical segment in profile a little concave,
with black and pale erect hair; ventral scopa pale fuiyous,
white at base, not at all black at apex.

Hab. Kashgar, Chinese Turkestan, Aug, 27, 1893 (W. L.
Abbott). U.S. National Museum.

Very similar to M, lagopoda (L.), but with much less
black hair on the apical part of the abdomen, and thicker,
more conspicuous abdominal bands. The hind basitarsus is
considerably broader in -M. lagoyoda. Judging from the
description, M. rescinda, Smith, may also be similar, but it
is said to have tridentate mandibles, and no dark. hair is

mentioned on head and thorax above. M. kashgarensis may,
27*

372 Mr. T. D. A, Cockerell—Descriptions and

perhaps, be a desert subspecies of lagopoda; it certainly
differs from the three species of the lagopoda group described
by Morawitz.

Melipona orbignyi, Guér.

Strand (Zool. Jahrb. 1910, p. 556) has discussed this
species, indicating the confusion which has arisen regarding
it. J have a male, which appears to be quite correctly
determined, from F. Smith’s collection. I have also before
me two workers from Rosario, Argentina (Alfken coll. 33) ;
they differ from the male by the black elypeus, with a little
reddish around the edges, and the black hair of vertex,
cheeks, and legs. These workers are easily distinguished
from those of MW. quinquefasciata, Lep., from Asuncion,
Paraguay (Schrottky), by the black hair just mentioned, the
lack of a clypeal stripe and of lateral face-marks, and the
very broadly interrupted band on first abdominal segment.

Mesocheira bicolor (Fabr.).

Three from Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald; Alfken
coll. 11), represent a variety with the abdomen green,
varying from yellowish green to peacock-green. The variety
elizabethe, Ckll., from thie mountains of Ecuador, is not
precisely the same, but I now doubt whether it represents a
distinct geographical race.

Mesoplia decorata (Smith).

Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald; Alfken coll. 34). De-
scribed from Brazil.

Triepeolus buchwaldi (Friese).

Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1 g, 1 2? (v. Buchwald; Alfken
coll. 12).

The Epeolus buchwaldi, Friese, is a typical member of the
- North-American genus Triepeolus. It is very similar to
T’. sublunatus, Cll.

Crocisa lamprosoma, Boisduval.

New South Wales (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 119) : ‘ presented
by B. F. Hill, Windsor, 12. 97”? (Nat. Mus. Vict. 120).

I am not quite sure whether the specimen last cited was
collected at Windsor or not; some of the labels from the
Victorian Museum seem to refer to the residence of the

Records of Bees. 373

donor and the date of the donation, confusing information of
no scientific value. I also learn fear Mr. Froggatt that
there may be doubt about some of the localities OE Phe bees
he received from Melbcurne, many of which I have recorded,
crediting their capture to Mr. French. Mr. F roggatt ascer-
tained that the bees were bought from a talieseae “who
named them where he pinned them, s so the localities, unless
verified, are not reliable.’ In future, when I have occasion
to refer to bees of this lot, I shall cite the data on the labels,
but within quotation mar

Crocisa waroonensis, Cockerell.

Waroona, W.A. (G. F. Berthoud).

Marked nearly as in lamprosoma, but all the markings
white ; anterior part of micconhar with long white hair;
wings with a little more than the basal half clear hyaline,
the ‘apical half fuscous, with the usual spots.

Parasphecodes excultus, Cockerell.

Magnet, Tasmania (Lea).

Female not unlike P. speculiferus, Ckl., but tegulz rufous ;
posterior disc of mesothorax shining, with well-separated
punctures; area of metathorax much shorter ; abdomen
with only segments 2 and 3 and apical half of first red.

Paracolletes leai, Cockerell.

Ulverstone, Tasmania (Lea),

Female about 113; mm. long, rather slender; shining
black ; clypeus strongly punctured and with a median ri idge ; :
mesothorax sparsely punctured ; hind tibial scopa large,
creamy white, stained with fuscous behind.

Full descriptions of the above three species will be found
in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales.

Anthoglossa huckeri, sp. n.

? —Length 14 mm.

Robust ; black, the hind margins of abdominal segments
with the tegument broadly shining orange-golden; wings
strongly dusky ; ; antenne and legs black. Head very bro ad ;
clypeus shining, with strong scattered punctures; hair of
head and thorax white on oiies and below, w hite also on
face and occiput, but dark sooty on vertex and dorsum of
thorax, also just below wings, and on upper part of sides of
metathorax ; ; mesothorax and scutellum dull; b.n. falling

Die Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell

Descriptions and

short of t.-m.; second s.m. very broad, receiving first r.n.
in middle ; tegule black ; hair of femora white, of tibize and
tarsi black ; on inner side of anterior tarsi the hair is ferru-
ginous; abdomen, except for the bands, dull and black, with
no punctures and no distinct hair-bands; caudal fimbria dark
sooty ; ventral segments fringed with white hair.

Hab. Tambourine Mountain, Queensland, Oct. 27, 1912
(H. Hacker). Queensl. Museum 76.

A very beautiful species, structurally lke A. aureotincta,
Ckl!., but differing by the absence of a band on first abdo-
minal segment, the dark hair of upper part of head, and the
dusky wings.

Trichocolletes venustus (Smith).
Oakleigh, 1894 (B. F. Hill; Nat. Mus. Vict. 110).

Paracolletes megachalceus, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 14 mm.

Robust ; head and thorax black, densely hairy ; abdomen
brassy green, the hind margins of second and following
segments broadly pale reddish ; postscutellum with a median
tubercle. Wings dusky hyaline, nervures ferruginous, b. n.
falling just short of t.-m.; second s.m. broad, receiving first
y.n. some distance before middle; third s.m. receiving
second r.n. very near end. Head very broad; clypeus
shining, strongly punctured ; flagellum red at apex and far
toward base beneath; hair of face, cheeks, pleura, and
occiput dull white, of front pale fulvous, of vertex purplish
fuscous, of thorax above (also just below wings) dense and
very bright rufo-fulvous ; dise of mesothorax shining, with
scattered punctures, but in front the mesothorax is more
closely punctured ; tegule bright orange-ferruginous. Legs
red, more or less clouded with dusky, their hair mainly pale,
but fuscons on outer side of middle and hind tibize and tars! ;
hind tibial scopa very large and loose, beautifully plumose,
anteriorly white, fuscous behind, the tibia on inner side with
appressed light fulvous hair, Abdomen with much fulvous
hair, but no hair-bands ; hair of fifth segment bright red,
but of sixth more sooty ; venter with cream-coloured hair.

Hab. Clarence River, New South Wales (Wilson; Nat.
Mus. Vict. 124).

A very fine species, structurally related to P. dentiger,
Ckil., but larger, more robust, and quite differently coloured.

Records of Bees. 375

Paracolletes fimbriatinus, Cockerell.

Two males from Victoria Museum ; New South Wales
(123) and no locality (112).

Paracolletes megadontus, sp. n.

? .—Length 10 mm.

Head, thorax, and abdomen steel-blue, with greenish tints,
strongly punctured ; postscutellum with a very prominent
tooth ; antenne dark, flagellum reddish at end ; pubescence
black and white ; caudal fimbria dense and black, but a
tuft of white hair on each side of abdomen subapically.
Wings dusky hyaline; sides of front with very strongly
marked black foveal depressions, which at the upper end
almost touch lateral ocelli.

Very near to P. dentiger, Ckll., differing as follows :—
Smaller; the thin hair of clypeus white ; area of metathorax
smooth and shining, without transverse striz ; secoud s.m.
receiving first r.n. before the middle, but not near base ;
third s.m. receiving second r.n. much nearer apex ; hind
legs not metallic ; hair on outer side of tarsi and of middle
tibize black, also black on inner side of tarsi; hind tibial
scopa bicoloured, white and black; abdomen shining and
finely punctured.

Also very close to P. ceruleotinctus, Ckll., which is known
only in the male; but from the entirely different colour of
hair of head and thorax and the prominent postscutellar
spine (male ceruleotinctus has a slight prominence, not
amounting to a tooth or spine), as well as the darker vena-
tion, it can hardly be the opposite sex of that species.

Hab. Calowadra, Queensland, Oct. 380, 1912 (H. Hacker ;
Queensl. Mus. 81).

Andrena (Trachandrena) prunicola, sp. n.

? Length 10 mm.

Black, with greyish-white pubescence ; hind tibize and
tarsi clear ferruginous ; middle tarsi dark reddish ; facial
quadrangle a little broader than long; process of labrum
broad, truncate; clypeus shining, strongly and closely
punctured, without a smooth line ; facial fovez brownish
white, rather narrow, tapering below to a point about level
with middle of supraclypeal area, not widely separated from
eye; supraclypeal area densely punctured, the punctures
much smaller than those of clypeus ; flagellum obscurely

reddish beneath toward end; third antennal joint a little

376 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni.

shorter than next two combined ; mesothorax shining, with
strong scattered punctures ; mesopleura dull, strongly and
closely punctured ; area of metathorax semilunar, sharply
defined behind, with fine weak ridges, the sculpture un-
usually fine fora 7rachandrena ; tegule dark reddish. Wings
reddish hyaline ; nervures and the large stigma chestnut-
red; b.n. meeting t.-m., second s.m. receiving first r.n.
beyond middle. Hair of legs pale; scape of hind tibia
rather small, white. Abdomen shining, strongly punctured,
second segment in middle depressed a little less than half ;
white hair-bands at sides of second segment, on third except
in middle, and right across fourth; hair at apex of abdomen
pale fulvous.

Hab. Beulah, New Mexico (Canadian Zone), at flowers of
wild plum, May 80 (Wilmatte Porter).

On account of the weak sculpture of the metathoracic area
this resembles 4. radiatula, Ckll., but that species has the
second abdominal segment depressed more than half, and
the hind tibiz and tarsi are not ferruginous.

Andrena argentinia, var. trichomelena, v. n.

¢.—Hair of face entirely black; of cheeks, Jegs, and
sides and venter of abdomen mainly black or sooty.

? .—Hair of face entirely black.

Hab. Florissant, Colorado, 2 3 (one of them the type)
and 1 ? at flowers of Salix brachycarpa; 1 3 at flowers of
Ribes vallicola, June 10, 1907. All collected by S. A.
Rohwer.

A. argentinie was described as A. vicina argentinie, Ckil.,
but it is probably a distinct species.

At Longs Peak Inn, Colorado, alt. 8956 ft., June 25 and
26, 19138, I took Andrena marie, Rob., A. tacitula, CkIl.,
A. cyanophila, Ckll., and A. medionitens, Ckll. These records
are of interest on account of the altitude.

XLIV.—Thaumastotherium osborni, a new Genus of Perisso-
dactyles from the Upper Oligocene Deposits of the Bugti
Hills of Baluchistan. — Preliminary Notice. By C.,
Forster-Cooper, M.A., University Demonstrator in
Comparative Morphology, Cambridge.

DuriInG an expedition to Baluchistan in 1911 I found, among
other fossils, a mammalian atlas and dorsal vertebra remark-
able for their unusually large size. These I suggested

Mr. C. Porster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni. 377

might have belonged to an animal whose lower jaws were
obtained at the same time, and which were made * the type
of a new genus and species, Paraceratherium bugliense.

On a second expedition. to the same locality, made the
following year, the skull belonging to these same jaws was
discovered, which shows clearly enough that the association
of jaws and vertebra was erroneous, the condyles of the
skull being far too small for the atlas.

At the same time three other cervical vertebree of corre-
spondingly large size were brought to light, and with them a
femur, tibia, part of an ulna, two humeri, and several foot-
bones,

These fragments point to the presence in these deposits of
an animal, apparently a Perissodactyle, of such unusual size
and shape as to require a new genus for its reception. For
the atlas, therefore, and for the bones associated with ta |
propose the generic and specific names Vhaumastotherium
osborni Tt.

The measurements of the various bones are as follows :—

(1) A left astragalus (fig. 1), Perissodactyle in general form,
measuring 18 em. acress the trochlear surface; the
edges of this surface are rather rounded as compared
with the sharper edges found in the corresponding
bone of the Rhinoceros,

(2) A lateral podial bone (fig. 2) 37-5 em. in length. A
second bone which awaits development from its
matrix is somewhat larger and has an apparent Jength
of 44 cm.

(3) The femur, a strong pillar-like bone, having the head in
line with the shaft, is 114 em. long and 19 em. across
the condyles. here is no trace of a third trochanter,

(4) The humeri are 85 cm, long, 24 cm. across the lower
articular surfaces, 30 em. across the supra-condy lar
ridges, the head being 24cm. from side to side and
19 cm. from front to back.

(9) The atlas (fig. 3) is 47-5 em. in extreme width from
wing to wing, 24 em. in depth of wing, and with a
condylar surface of 27-4 em,

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. viii. p. 71J (1911).

+ In naming this animal I take this, my first, opportunity of expressing
my gratitude to Professor Henry Fairtield Osborn, President of the
American Museum of Natural History of New York, not only for the
benefit of a year’s training under his guidance, but for his continued
interest since that time. I should also like to record at the same time
my obligations to his colleagues at the museum for many friendly acts,
particularly Mr. Walter G ranger and Dr, W. K, Gregory.

378 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni.

(6) An anterior cervical vertebra (fig. 4, side view) of square
shape, measuring 30 cm. in length along the centrum
and 33 ecm. across the widest part. In shape it
corresponds roughly with the anterior vertebree of the

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Mr, C. Forster- Cooper on Thaumastotherium osberni. 379

380 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni,

horse. The dorsal and ventral ridges are but little
marked. The vertebrarterial canal is very large and
shows a peculiar feature in the way it excavates the
centrum. ‘This modification is also shown by the
atlas, and still better in the following vertebra,
which is
(7) A later cervical (fig. 5, front view). ‘This bone differs
from that just described in having a less great fore-
and-aft depth, the proportions being otherwise much
the same. One side being broken away, it has been
possible to trace out the course of the vertebrarterial
canal, which shows a very curious feature in expanding
into a large “cave” in the body of the vertebra to
such an extent that the bone between the expansions
of each side is reduced to a thin vertical partition
running the length of the bone. ‘This structure is
shown in the accompanying diagram, which is a plan
of a section taken transversely through the vertebra.
Another similar vertebra, which is in process of
being prepared, shows the same feature, probably a

method of saving weight.

| i

int
Wy As

7
4
j

7

(8) ‘The remaining vertebra (fig. 7) is apparently an anterior
thoracic. Jt measures 42 cm. in width across the
posterior zygapophyses. The neural spine is rather
peculiar in being very broad and flat, the upper border
of the spine is broken away, but it does not seem to
have been very much higher.

Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni. 381

As some of the bones are not yet fully developed, a further
description cannot be attempted here. In fact, there is some
difficulty in finding material for the purposes of comparison,
owing to the aberrant character of the bones. The astragalus,
as may be seen from the figure, is Perissodactyle rather than
anything else—at all events, it is not Proboscidian ; more-
over, it (as well as the other foot-bones, of which there are a
considerable number) is more comparable with those of the
Rhinoceros than anything else, in spite of great differences
in proportion and size. The two podial bones point to an
animal exceedingly dolichopodous, a remarkable feature when
the heavy build of the body is taken into consideration.

The femur and humerus are rather Proboscidian at first
sight, and are probably thus modified in each case as adapta-
tions to weight-carrying. ‘The absence of a third trochanter
does not necessarily imply that the owner is not a Perisso-
dactyle, seeing that the Titanotheres were without one.

It is the vertebrae, however, which show this animal in the
strangest light, for, in addition to the unique structure of the
vertebrarterial canal described above, the shape and measure-
ments of the bones themselves point to a very long neck.
At the end of this long neck there must have been a very
Jarge skull, witness the size of the condylar facets in the
atlas. It is very unfortunate that no trace of this skull
could be found to give us an idea of its shape ; but if we
take the length of the skull as about four times the width of
tlhe condyles (a proportion found in some of the rhinoceroses),
we get a head measuring well over a yard in length. The
weight of a mass like this at the end of a four-foot neck (a
moderate estimate) would require and account for some
strange modifications of the cervical vertebra.

It is thus impossible at present to give an idea of the
position of this animal. I believe all the bones described to
belong to one animal both from their close association in the
bone-bed and from the universal absence in these deposits of
a trace of any other form to which they could belong. The
Elephants and Khinoceroses living at the same time, of
which considerable remains have been found, point to forms
of small or not more than medium size (Paraceratherium
bugtiense, the next largest animal obtained, is about as large
as a modern rhinoceros).

It is to be hoped, however, that a stricter examination and
comparison of all the available material will throw some more
light on the structure and relationships of this interesting
form,

382 Miss O. M. Rees on Actinostola ecallosa.

XLV.—WNotes on Actinostola callosa (Verril/) = Dysactis
crassicornis (fHertwig). By Otwen M. Ress, B.S8c.,
U.C.W. Aberystwyth.

Tus Actinian was described by Hertwig in [2] as
Dysactis crassicornis of the genus Dysactis (Milne-Hdwards).
It is also described by MecMurrich as Actinostola callosa
(Verrill). McMaurrich obtained his specimen from off the
coast of Ecuador, South America. Hertwig obtained his
from the southern shores of America, 53° 38’ §., 70° 56’ W.

A specimen was collected by Mr. R. Vallentin, of Falmouth,
during his visit to the Falkland Islands, and recently sent by
him to Mr. C. L. Walton, who very kindly passed it on to me
for examination. It was picked up on the 5th Sept., 1910,
adhering to a root of Lessonia, during an onshore gale (S. W.)
in King George’s Bay, W. Falkland Islands.

External Characters of Actinostola callosa.

This specimen was in a state of contraction, yet all the
tentacles were in full view, probably because the sphincter
muscle was still expanded. The column is pillar-like, low,
and broad, with the diameter exceeding the height. Height
11 mm., diameter of tentacular crown 16 mm., diameter of
pedal dise 20 mm. The column-wall is firm and leathery
and variously corrugated, owing to contraction. The margin
is tentacular. The base is adherent, undulate in outline, and
exceeding the column. ‘The oral disk is concave, having the
mouth raised on a cone. The diamcter of the mouth is
7mm. The oral fissure is bounded by swelling papilla, of
which two at either end enclose the entrance to the cesopha-
geal grooves.

The tentacles are very numerous, and cover the whole of
the disk. The tentacles lying towards the outside become
shorter and also more slender than those near the mouth.
The outermost tentacles are so small that they merely project
as small knobs above the surface of the oral disk.

Length of tentacle of outer cycle is 1 mm.; length of
tentacle from the inuermost cycle is 3 mm.

They are arranged in five cycles: 12+124+ 244+48+4 96.
There is a distinct orifice at the tip of each tentacle. The
tentacles have no markings, but the outer ones are paler in
colour than the inner.

The colour of the body-wall is brick-red, the tentacles
being of a paler hue with a deep dark band around the
summit of the column,

Miss O. M. Rees on Actinostola callosa. 383

Internal Characters.

There is a diffuse mesogloeal sphincter muscle extending
a considerable way down the body-wall. It does not expand
suddenly, but is largest in the middle region and tapers off
very gradually as it is traced downwards. It does not
occupy the entire width of the column-wall, but lies through-
out its course nearer the endodermal surface than the ecto-
dermal. On its inner surface its cavities pass directly into
the ordinary longitudinal muscle of the mesogloea of the
column-wall. The sphincter muscle in cross-section appears
as a network of fibrilla, and the spaces between the fibrous
meshes appear empty. [In spirit. ]

In the living animal these spaces are filled with the proto-
plasm and the nuclei of the muscular corpuscles. here is
also a tendency for these closely packed cavities to be
arranged in longitudinal bands separated from one another
by strands of nearly homogeneous mesoglea, recalling the
arrangement described by Hertwig and McMurrich.

‘4
‘4

OS ae
if ge ae

Falkland specimen of Actinostola callosa.

The number of septa is large. They amount to ninety-six
pairs, which are distributed in five cycles. Twenty-four
pairs reach the stomatodeum to a less extent than the other
twelve. In addition to these, there is another cycle of twenty-
four imperfect pairs—this is the fourth cycle; while the
fifth cycle of forty-eight pairs consists of imperfect mesen-
teries which are very small and project only a short distance
beyond the endoderm. They bear neither reproductive
organs nor mesenterial filaments, but of eacl: pair one
mesentery is more highly developed than its fellow. ‘This
specimen is a male, and the testes are borne on all the

Fig. 2.

7 eee a AN Yq ean st AAW? Wr 5 ae Wigs y
Hien Ma i ou oat ital re AN Luh

Uni
Portion of a tranverse section through the mesenteries, sho
one pair of directives.

wing

Miss O. M. Rees on Actinostola callosa. 385

mesenteries of the fourth cycle. The mesenteries are there-
fore arranged in five cycles, thus :—6+6+ 12+ 24+ 48.
The musculature of the mesenteries is not very strongly
developed. ‘There is a fairly distinct parieto-basilar muscle,
which, on its distal end, is continued into a slender elongated
longitudinal muscle. he muscle-folds are not numerous.
‘They are slender, swollen at the tips, and sometimes divided.
The ectoderm of the column-wall is thick, and contains
numerous large yellowish gland-cells. The mesoglea is

Wy J {) ae
rect tA
pa postag Vv @,

1
a) os
eat

Portion of a transverse section through the oral disc, showing
two layers of muscles.

Index to lettering.

d., directive mesenteries.
ec,, ectoderm.
en., endoderm.
oes.gr., oesophageal groove.
ec.st., ectoderm lining the stomatodzeum.
mes. jil., mesenteric filament.
g.c., gland-cells.
m.;, wpper layer of muscle.
m.., lower layer of muscle.
n., nematocysts.
n.l., nerve-layer.

strong, becoming fibrous towards the inner surface. On
its outer surface it is raised into lobes, and these are covered
with ectoderm. ‘These account for the wrinkled appearance
of the exterior of the animal. The ectoderm lining the
stomatodeum is much folded, and its cells form a spongy
mass. The mesoglea is dense and thin, sending out pointed
projections into the ectoderm. The mesoglcea of the tentacles
is also very thin and, in longitudinal sections, is seen as a
uniform layer reaching the base of the tentacle without giving

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 28

386 Miss O. M. Rees on Actinostola ecallosa.

off any muscle-folds. The ectoderm of the tentacle is very
thick and uniform, with very numerous nematocysts and with a
definite nerve-layer lining its inner surface. The nerve-layer
is clear and wide around the tip, becoming narrower near the
base. The endoderm is very thin, and here also are numerous
nematocysts. The ectoderm of the oral disk shows a few
small nematocysts and gland-cells, and has a definite nerve-
Jayer at the base of its cells. The mesogloea is peculiar,
being divided into two layers. The upper consists of a net-
work of elongated fibres, the section having been cut parallel
to the muscle-strands. The other layer shows a series of
much denser fibres with small cavities, this being a cross-
section of the muscle. In each case the fibres are arranged
parallel to the surface of the oral disk. We thus have two
layers of muscles, running practically at right angles to one
another and parallel to the surface of the disk.

This specimen is found to possess nearly all the characters
described by McMurrich for <Actinosto/a callosa and by
Hertwig for Dysactis crassicornis. My specimen, however,
is much smaller in size than ¢ any of those previously described.
MeMurrich mentions in Actinostola callosa the beginning of
a sixth cycle of mesenteries, and also showing gonads on the
mesenteries of the filth cycle.

In the Falkland specimen the mesenteries of the fifth eycle
are still very small, and there are no traces of any mesenteries
arising to form a sixth cycle: this being probably due to the
fact that the specimen is a young one. McMurrich, in his
eeneric definition, says: “ The tentacles are short and stout,
fluted, and with their longitudinal musculature embedded
in the mesogloea.” Hertwig also, in his ‘Supplement to
Actinariz,’ says that the tentacles are fluted.

The Falkland specimen shows no fluting either in pre-
served specimen or in transverse section. On comparing
the figures of transverse sections of tentacles drawn by
Hertwig for Dysactis crassicornis and by McMurrich for
Actinosiola callosa, it is seen that Hertwig shows a definite
series of furrows, and even the mesogleea is distinctly corru-
gated; whereas in McMurrich’s figure there is only a slight
folding of the ectoderm. ‘Thus the fluting on the tentacles
is a variable character, dependent on the age and state of
contraction of the animal. There is also a difference in the
musculature of the oral disk of this Falkland specimen as
compared with that of Hertwig’s specimens. Hertwig found
no indications of the presence of two sets of muscle-fibres.
This character, however, is not of sufficient specific importance
to be of any weight in deciding the identity of the specimen.

On a new Species of Dwarf Potto. 387

The species Actinostola callosa was first established by
Verrill. Hertwig, however, in 1876, described specimens ag
Dysactis crassicornis. At first it was doubtful as to whether
Actinostola callosa was identical with Dy-actis crassicornis
or not; but in 1888 MeMurrich described a specimen as
A. callosa, and found that it possessed many important
characters described for D. erassicornis, He therefore proved
that his specimen was identical with Hertwig’s Dysact’s
crassicornts, but ultimately decided to adopt Verrill’s name
in its entirety and call it Actinostoly callosa. 'Vhis Falkland
specimen, possessing important characters common to both
MeMurrich’s Actinostola and to Hertwig’s Dysactis erassi-
cornis, proves further that these forms belong to the same
species,

(I should like to thank Mr. F. 8, Wright of this College
for his help in preparing fig. 1.)

Bibliography.

[1] Report on Actinize collected by United States Fish Commission
Steamer ¢ Albatross’ during Winter 1887-1888, By de PB.
McMorricn.

[2] Report on Scientific Results of Voyage of the ‘Challenger,’ 1873-
1876. Vol. vi. Actinaria. By R. Herrwra,

[3] Report on Scientific Results of Voyage of the ‘Challenger,’ 1873-
1876. Vol. xxvi. Supplement to Actinaria. By R. Herrwie,

ae a ea Ee

XLVI.—A new Species of Dwarf Potto.
By Oxprieity Tuomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Arctocebus ruficeps, sp. n.

Near A. aureus, but the body speckled grey-brown instead
of rufous.

General characters as in A, aureus, agreeing with that
species in all the points in which it differs from A. calabar-
ensis. Fur thick, close, and woolly. Head golden rufous, as
in A, aureus, though a little darker, but the body, instead of
being also uniformly rufous, is a dark grizzled greyish-
brown colour, more like some of the ordinary Pottos, Of
the wool-hairs the basal three-fourths are slaty, the ends
being brown (“ snuff-brown,” Ridgway). The longer hairs
have a subterminal band of black, their tips being white,

these giving a speckled appearance to the general colour,
28*

388 Mr. F. A. Bather on

Under surface essentially as in A. aureus, but the grey bases
of the hairs more extended, so that the general colour is
darker, and there are not even the whitish patches on the
throat and inguinal region. Limbs bright rich rufous.
Tail dark rufous, a small brown spot at the end of its
terminal hairs.

Skull essentially as in A. aureus. Nasals comparatively
short, ending posteriorly opposite the lacrymal foramina.
Upper incisors narrow and far apart, as in A. aureus, as
compared to the somewhat broader ones of A. calabarensis.
Posterior premolars without any trace of the distinct hypo-
cone present in the type of A. aureus, but with only one
specimen of each species available no opinion can be ex-
pressed as to the validity of the character.

Dimensions of the type-skull (somewhat immature) :—

Greatest length 50 mm.; condylo-basal length 47:5 ;
greatest breadth 27:2; nasals 106; interorbital breadth 5 ;
mastoid breadth 26°5 ; palatal length 20; frout of canine to
back of m* 17.

Hab. Metet, near the Nyong R., S. Cameroons.

Type. Subadult female. B.M. no. 13. 9.12.1. Ori-
ginal number 645. Collected 17th January, 1913, by
Mr. G. L. Bates.

“Caught near Metet and brought tome alive. It died on
the journey, and was skinned.”—G., L. B.

This pretty little Potto is evidently most closely allied to
A, aureus, also discovered by Mr. Bates, but differs by its
darker and grey-grizzled upper surface, the darker colour of
its belly, and (@f a permanent character) by the absence of a
hypocone on its posterior premolars.

From A. calabarensis, like A. aureus, it differs by its more
lightly built skull, its slender incisors more widely separated
mesially, its swollen teeth, and compressed lower premolars.

XLVIL.— British Fossil Crinoids. —IX. Cydonocrinus
parvulus, n. g. et sp., Yoredale Beds, Yorkshire. By F. A.
Bartuer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE specimen which it is the object of this paper to describe
belongs to the Crinoidea Dicyclica Flexibilia, and, with all
the Palseozoic members of that Order, it falls into the Grade
Impinnata. More precisely, it is one of the Taxocrinide ;

British Fossil Crinotds. 389

but here we must pause to consider what that statement
means,

In 1900 (Lankester’s ‘Zoology, vol. iii.) I divided the
Flexibilia Impinnata into the families Ichthyoerinide, Taxo-
erinide, Dactylocrinidee, Sagenocrinide, and the doubtful
Gazacrinidw. Omitting the last-mentioned, Dr. I’. Springer
(Oct. 1906, Journ. Geol. vol. xiv. p. 516) adopts an arrange-
ment of genera based on essentially the same _ principles,
which his increased knowledge has enabled him to render
more precise and to apply with greater correctness. ‘The
chief difference of principle is the division of the genera
according as the anals are united with the adjacent rays by
direct suture or by finely plated integument (perisome).
Further, Dr. Springer attaches rather less importance to the
mode of arm-branching, and lays greater stress on the
number of primibrachs. The increase of knowledge is mainly
as regards the anal plates.

Thus, in the Family Taxocrinide Dr. Springer now includes
several g nera with heterotomous, ramuliferous arms, which
I placed in the Dactylocrinide. On the other hand, he
transfers Anisocriénus and Homalocrinus from the ‘Taxo-
erinidee, with Calpiocrinus, Lithocrinus, and Dactylocrinus
from the Dactylocrinide, to the Family Sagenocrinide,
which thus becomes a trifle unwieldy, not to say hetero-
geneous,

I am prepared to adopt the mode of union of the anal
series with the rays as a basis of classification, and therefore
avree in restricting the Taxocrinide to genera that have the
anal plates more or less separated trom the adjacent rays by
perisome. But it still seems to me convenient to exclude
from that Family the genera with heterotomous arms. I
would therefore suggest the following diagnosis :—

Family Taxocrinide.
Impinnata with anal plates forming a well-defined vertical
series more or less separated from the adjacent rays by peri-
some; with isotomous aims, which may abut but do not
interlock, and are generally divergent; with few inter-
brachials.
The genera are (a) those with a radianal, viz. :
Protaxocrinus Springer, genotype P. ovalis (Ang., s. Taxo-
crinus).

Gnorimocrinus W. & Sp., genotype G. expansus (Ang.,
s. Tuwocrinus).

Meristocrinus Springer, genotype M. lovent (W. & Bp.,
s. (rnorimocrinus).

390 My. F. A. Bather on

(b) without a radianal, viz. :
Eutaxocrinus Springer, genotype LE. afinis (J. Miller,
s. Taxocrinus).
Parichthyocrinus Springer, genotype P. nobilis (W. & Sp.,
s. Ichthyocrinus).
Tazxocrinus Phillips, genotype ?

The restriction of Taxocrinus has been brought into need-
less confusion by want of precision in previous writers,
Phillips included the species 7, egertont, T. tuberculatus,
T. macrodactylus, and T. nobilis, naming them in that order:
he did not fix on any one as the type. De Koninck &
Le Hon (1854, ‘Recherches &c.,’) Mém. Acad. Belg.
vol. xxvill, p. 120) reserved the name “ spécialement pour
les espéces gui ne possédent pas de pieces interradiales, et
dont le calice semble exclusivement composé des piéces
basales, ou de celles-ci et des premiéres pitces radiales, tels
que les 1. macrodactylus, Phill, et Z. (Cyathocrinus),
Ithenanus, ¥. Roemer.”

Thus they only mentioned one out of the original species,
aud this one—T’, macrodacty/us—has therefore some claim to
be regarded as the genotype, even though the word type was
not actually mentioned. ‘Lhe fact that T. mar odactylus does
possess an interbrachial (‘‘piéce interradiale”) scarcely
affects the question, for so do the other species, as already
pointed out by Dr. Springer (Aug. 1902, Amer. Geol. p. 90).
Unfortunately, in discussing the genus in their ‘ Revision”
(1879, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sei. Phil ladelphia, p. 268), Wachs-
muth & Springer said, ‘ The first of these [i.e. 7’ egertont]
i. Oust be considered, according to the most generally
accepted rules of naturalists, the type of the genus.” The
so-called “ first species rule” has now been given up, and in
any case its application to Tawvoertnus would not be so clear
as the statement quoted might lead one to suppose. Apart
from that, however, 1t might plausibly be maintained that
this was the first definite selection of a genotype, and could
not be overridden, It was accepted by 8, A. Miller (1889,
*N. Amer. Geol. & Paleont.’), who writes “‘ 'lAXOCRINUS,
Philips... Type T. egertoni.”” Curiously enough, it is
Mr. Springer himself who appears (1906, p. 493) to suggest
overriding 16 in the words “ As 7. nobilis and TZ. macro-
dactylus have hitherto been taken as the typical for ms of the
genus ... it seems proper to retain the name for” species
agreeing with them in brachial structure. This, it is true, is
very indefinite, and one is only left to infer that Dr. Springer

British Fossil Crinotds. 391

no longer regards JZ’. egertoni as the genotype. So far as I
can judge from Phillips’s original figure, that species would
not form part of the genus as conceived by Dr. Springer,
though what would happen to it I cannot say. The original
of the figure was, with other specimens alluded to by Phillips,
in the collection of Sir Phillip Egerton, the whole of which
was purchased for the British Museum in 1882. But neither
these specimens nor the specimens mentioned by Phillips as
in the Enniskillen Collection, also purchased in the same
year, have ever been found within the walls of this museum.

However this question may ultimately be solved, it will
make no difference to the validity of the genus now to be
proposed.

CYDONOCRINUS *, gen. nov.

Diagnosis.—A Taxoerinid with IBB projecting beyond
the small stem-facet and entering the side-walls of the sub-
globular patina; with no RA; with post. B projecting so
that the rectal channel is entirely outside the radial facets ;
iBr probably minute, and, though the arms did not abut, the
perisome uniting them was scarcely visible from the exterior.

The absence of a radianal places this in the section with
Eutaxocrinus, Taxocrinus, and Parichthyocrinus. From all
of these it differs in the relatively small stem-facet and in
the large size and conspicuousness of the infrabasals. The
globular shape of the cup, constricted round the peristome,
is very different from the wide cups of Hutaxocrinus, Taxo-
crinus, and the broadly expanded Parichthyocrinus.

Genotype.— C. parvulus, sp. 0.

Holotype in the Geological Department of the British
Museum; registered HK 15478. Collected by D. M.S.
Watson, Hsq., in 1907.

Horizon.— Great Limestone,” uppermost bed of the Yore-
dale Series, Upper Dibunophyllum zorie of the Upper
Visean.

Locality— Above Manchester Pot, Nidderdale, Yorkshire.
Associated with numerous thecas of Orbitremites derbiensis,
in which the spiracles other than the anal are more hooded
over than is usual in the species, Brit. Mus., E. 16398-
Ks 16419.

Description of holotype-—Measurements of the patina:
height 6 mm. ; sagittal greatest diameter 6-4 mm. at top of

3)

* pndov kvdavor, the quince ; the name Cydonocrinus is formed on the
ghalogy of kuvdwvduedt, quince-honey, mentioned by Dioscorides,

392 Mr. F. A. Bather on

post. B; transverse greatest diameter 5-7 mm. on basiradial
suture ; transverse diameter at level of radial facets 4°3 mm.

Stem-facet (text-fig. 3) slightly concave, with no rim ;
elliptical or subpentagonal, being elongate from |. post. radius
to r. ant. IR, and extended on the small IB, i. e. along
r post. radius; at the margin faint traces of crenellx,
approximately 15 in all; lumen minute, circular so far as

can be observed. Long diameter of facet ca. 1:6 mm.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4.

Cydonocrinus parvulus, the Holotype.
Fig. 1.—Posterior view.
Fig. 2.—Views from above, with the posterior basal towards the observer.
Fig. 3.—View from below, with the posterior basal away from the
observer.
Fig. 4.—View from the right side, with the probable anal structure and
proximal parts of the arms dotted in.

All the drawings by A. H. Searle, x 3 diam.

Fig. 5.

CZOTS
OVUVAY

la) lp. & rp. ral) a.

Cydonocrinus parvulus, Analysis of the cup, the plates being drawn as
accurately as their curvature permits. x 3 diam.

IBB. Greatest height ca. 1:5 mm.; height from basal
plane ca. 1 mm.; plates slightly tumid and sutures distinct
where not weathered,

BB. Height of r. ant. (pentagonal) 3°2 mm. ; of 1. ant.
(hexagonal) 3°5 mm.; of post. (heptagonal) 4°5 mm.
Width of normal BB, greatest above, ca. 3°3 mm.; of

British Fossil Crinoids. 393

post. B, 4mm. Post. B rises above the level of the other
BB, and continues the outward slope of the cup ; its upper
margin, seen from the side or the back, is approximately
straight, but seen from above is boldly curved outwards.

RR. All wider below than above, bending inwards so as
to give the cup its truncate globular shape. The facets do
not occupy the full width of the radials, and the shoulders of
the radials bend inwards between them, curving round the
facets. ‘This feature is more marked in the r. and L. post. RR,
especially in the latter, where the radial rises up towards the
facet more prominently than in the other rays. These two
posterior radials thus bend inwards round the rectal channel,
and approach within *5 mm. of one another at the shoulders ;
their facets, however, are *9 mm. apart.

Width Width Width of Height to

below. above. facet. top of facet.
mm. mm. mn, mm.
Ante itis. 1S ca. 2°2 ca, 1°8 3
IS postvhuieed tf “3 2°1 16 oo

The measurement “ width above” is taken as near as may
be at the widest part of the facet; thence the sides of the
radials converge towards the oral pole. ‘The inward bend of
the radials cannot be properly represented in the analysis
(text-fig. 5).

The outline of the facets is shown in text-fig.2; they are
wider than deep. Their joint-face lies, as a rule, at right
angles to the long axis of the cup, but in the posterior
radials, especially |. post. R, it slopes outwards a little, and
this is why the facets are more clearly seen in text-fig. 1
than in text-fig. 4.

Hach facet has a V-shaped ventral groove. There are
traces of a transverse fulcral ridge in |. post. R, but in the
others the surface is too much worn for details to be made
out. The axial canal is not to be distinguished.

In text-fig. 4 an attempt is made to indicate the relations
of the proximal region of the arms. It is fairly clear that
there were no definite interbrachials, and that any finely
plated perisome which may have connected the rays must
have been well towards the inner face.

No anal plates are preserved, but their probable relations
are indicated in text-fig. 4, on the analogy with Tuxocrinus.
A narrow vertical series of curved plates probably rested on
the curved upper margin of post. B, and their edges were
probably connected with the incurved edges of the posterior
radials, and possibly with the lower part of the posterior

394. Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Weamelcone

arms, by a finely plated perisome. None of these structures
remain, so that, looking at the patina from above (text-fig. 2),
one sees the opening of the rectal channel, of elongate pear-
shape. It is obvious that the rectum must have passed
upwards close to the curved posterior basal, and that it was
therefore well outside the radial facets and the arms. Only
the slight outward slope of the posterior radial facets remains
to remind one of those more normal Taxocrinids in which the
arms enclose the anal structures.

Affinities of Cydonocrinus.— That the species is closely

allied to Taxocrinus (whatever the precise connotation of that
name) must be admitted, and I have long thought that it
might be more prudent to leave it in that genus, especially in
the absence of evidence from the arms. But the small stem-
facet, the relatively large infrabasals, the globular shape, and
the projection of the periproct all give it so marked a cha-
racter that no one seeing the specimen would feel tempted
to call it merely Tavxocrinus. Without waiting longer for
further proof, I am induced to publish the species now under
an independent generic name, in order to mark the tendency
of its modifications towards the fossil from the supposed
Permian of Timor hitherto known as Hypocrinus piriformis.
That question is discussed in a paper now being offered for
the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Zoological Society.

XLVIII.—Notes on the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan and
Descriptions of a few new Species. By G. J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

WHILE engaged in incorporating into the British Museum
collection the recentiy acquired Japanese Coleoptera col-
lected by Mr. George Lewis, which have been the subject of
sO many important papers, I have found it necessary to
make many rectifications in their nomenclature; while
certain species remain without names. So many are the
alterations and additions to the Pleurostict Lamellicornia
(enumerated by Mr. Lewis in 1887 and 1895) that I have
thought it desirable to compile a fresh list of that part of
the Coleoptera,

Few corrections have to be noted relating to the Laparo-
stict Lamellicornia, but the following points must be
mentioned :—

Coleoptera of Japan. 395

Trow niponensis, Lew., is T. scaber, L., which has become
distributed throughout the world.

Onthophagus lutosopictus, Fairm., from Ishigaki Shima,
has to be added to the list.

Aphodius major, Wat., is A. brachysomus, Solsky, and not
A. sorex, ¥., as formerly supposed.

A. vitellinus, Klug., must be added to the list. It was
taken by Mr. Lewis at Hakodate, Sapporo, and Lake
Junsal.

A, orientalis, Har., was found at Chiuzenji.

The specimen without precise locality, which Mr. Water-
house described as A. ovalis, is identical with the specimen
recognized by him a few pages earlier as the female of
A. nigerrimus. The two forms were found together at
Nagasaki.

Aphodius 4-punctatus, Panz., is a variety of the European
A. sordidus, I.

The Lucanid genus Nigidius has been added to the list,
M. Boileau having described a species, N. lewisi. Mr. J. E.
A. Lewis has sent me this insect from Oshima Island.

The following are the Pleurostict Lamellicornia so far as
at present known, 109 in number, as against 83 formerly
catalogued by Mr. Lewis in his two lists of 1887 and

1895 :—
MELOLONTHIN2.

Hoplia obducta, Mots.
variolosa, Wat.

H. gracilipes, Lew.

H. maculata, Bates.

H. communis, Jat.

H. reini, Heyd.

Hl. merens, Wat.

Sericania mimica, Lev.

S. lewisi, Arrow, sp. n.

Suscolineata, Lew., nee Motsch.

Gastroserica herzi, Heyd.

G. brevicornis, Lew.

G. higonia, Lew.

Paraserica grisea, Mots.
Ophthalmoserica boops, Wat.

Autoserica castanea, Arrow, sp. 0.

A. secreta, Brenske.
Aserica orientalis, Mots.
Serica similis, Lew.

. spissigrada, Brenske.

. nigrovariata, Lev.

. angulata, Lew.

S. 4-toliata, Lew.
Microserica brenskei, Rezit.
M. nipponensis, Brenske.

DMRN

Maladera orientalis, Mots.

M. japonica, Mots.

M. salebrosa, Brenske.

Apogonia amida, Lewis.
A. splendida, Wat., nec Boh.

A. major, Wat.

A. bicavata, Arrow, sp. n.

A. cupreoyiridis, Kolbe.

A. bicarinata, Lew.

A. niponica, Lew.

Brahmina niponica, Lew.
Rhizotrogus niponicus, Lew.

Lachnosterna inelegans, Lew.

L. diomphalia, Bates.

L. picea, Wat.

L. morosa, Wat.

L. castanea, Wat.

L. niponensis, Lew.

Pollaplonyx flavidus, Mois.

Heptophylla picea, Mots.

Polyphylla laticollis, Lew.

Granida albolineata, Mots.

Melolontha japonica, Burm.
Hoplosternus japonicus, Har.
H. haroldi, Moser.

M. frater, Arrow, sp. n.
Hoplosternus japonicus, Wat.

396 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

LUTELINE.
Anomala rufocuprea, Mots.
A. motschulskyi, Har.
A. pleurimargo, Revtt.
A. lueens, Ball.
. daimiana, Har.
. triangularis, Schauf.
. multistriata, Har.
. cuprea, Hope.
. Japonica, Arrow, sp. n.
. albopilosa, Hope.
. albopilosa, v. gracilis, Schauf.
. chloroderma, Arrow, sp. n.
. xanthopleura, Arrow, sp. n.
. costata, Hope.
. testaceipes, Mots.
A holosericea, F.
A. sieversi, Heyd.
A. 8-costata, Burm.
A. pubicollis, Wat.
A. orientalis, Wat.
A. irregularis, Wat.
A
A
A

aa

Serre

~~

Pepe

. diversa, Wat.
2 maculicollis, Reitt.
. intermixta, Arrow, sp. n.
rregularis, var., Lewis.
. couspurcata, Har.
Mimela splendens, Gill.
lathami, Hope.
gaschkewitschi, Mots.
M. flavilabris, Wat.
M. difficilis, Wat.
Popillia japonica, Newm.
P. insularis, Lew.
P. lewisi, Arrow.
Adoretus tenuimaculatus, Wat.

DyYNASTINZ.

Xylotrupes dichotomus, L.
Eophileurus chinensis, Fald.

CErTONIINE.
Torynorrhina japonica, Hope.
T. unicolor, Mots.

T. polita, Wat.
Protetia insperata, Lew.
P. brevitarsis, Lew.
P. cataphracta, Arrow, sp. n.
Cetonia submarmorea, Wat.,
nec Burm.
P. lenzi, Har.
P. orientalis, G. § P.
Cet. erata, Er.
Cet. submarmorea, Burm.
P. ishigakia, Fadrm.
P. lewisi, Jans.
P. pryeri, Jans.
P. oschimana, Nonfr.
P. hondana, Arrow, sp. n.
Cetonia pilifer, Mots.
C. roelofsi, Har.
Oxycetonia jucunda, Fad,
O. forticula, Jans.
Glycyphana fulvistemma, Mots.
Anthracophera rusticola, Burm.
Dasyvaleus angusticollis, Wat.
Valgus angusticollis, Wat.
D. tuberculatus, Lew.
Chromovalgus fumosus, Lew.
Valqus fumosus, Lew.
C. letus, Arrow, sp. n.
Gnorimus subopacus, Mots.
G. viridiopacus, Lew.
Trichius japonicus, Jans.
T. succinctus, Pall.
T. 17-guttatus, Voll.
Gnorimus 17-guttatus, Lew.
T. donitzi, Har.
T. duplicatus, Lew.
Osmoderma opica, Lew.

MELOLONTHINE.

Reitter in his ‘ Bestimmungs-Tabellen ’ has not been able
to determine some of the Japanese species of Hoplia. I
have therefore compiled for later publication a table of the
members of this difficult group, of which others remain yet

to be described.

The differences between the sexes, which

have been almost neglected, are important, and I consider it
undesirable to add io the list of names, except in cases
where the sexual characters have been made out.

Reitter has failed to identify the Chinese Hoplia paive,

Coleoptera of Japan. 397

Woll. The male of this is his /ctinohoplia variabilis and
KE. hispidula is the female.

His FE. chrysura, “var. diabolica,” is the female of that
species.

H. maculata, Bates, is certainly not a var. of H. aureola,
Pall., the pronotum (amongst other differences) being much
more transverse.

Sericania lewisi, sp. n.

Testacea, leviter metallica, capite, pronoto (lateribus et baseos
medio exceptis), scutello suturaque elytrali fuscis, clypeo vel
testaceo vel fusco, corpore supra omnino crebre punctata, elytris
suleatis, clypeo plano, rugose punctato, sutura frontali arcuate
carinato.

Long. 8-9 mm.; lat. 45-5 mm.

Hab. Javan : Yokohama, Chiuzenji, Nikko.

Although very closely resembling the type species, S. fusco-
lineata, Motsch., from Manchuria, the Japanese species is
distinct. <A series of S. fuscolineata in the British Museum
show no marked variation, and the Japanese specimens
(except one unusually dark example) are all without the
characteristic longitudinal lines upon the elytra. They
differ also in the head, which is without the strong carina a
little before the front margin of the clypeus referred to by
Motschulsky, but has instead a carina upon the frontal
suture. In the male the fifth joint of the antenne has only
a very short lamellar prolongation.

Gastroserica herzi, Heyd.

Mr. Lewis has mentioned as a pale variety of S. higonia,
Lew., a specimen from Yuyama. It is actually a distinct
species intermediate between S. higonia and S. brevicornis,
and has been described by Heyden from Korea under the
name of Serica herzi. I have seen an example taken by
Leech at Gensan. In addition to its characteristic colora-
tion (pale clypeus, black forehead, bimaculate pronotuin, and
dark suture and sides of the elytra), it is distinguished by
the entirely obsolete front angles of the prothorax, nearly
straight posterior lateral margins, and scutellum intermediate
in length. The antenne are almost as in S. dbreviccrnis,
having three long and one short lamella to the club of the
male, but the clypeus, which is emarginate in S. brevicornis,
has a straight margin in S. herci. The three species just
mentioned belong, with others, to the genus Gastroserica
of Brenske.

398 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

Autoserica castanea, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovalis, castaneo-rufa, opalescens, clypeo lato, nitido, fortiter
punctato, antice valde reflexo, subtilissime sinuato, medio leviter
longitudinaliter carinato, fronte opaco, parce punctato et ciliato ;
pronoto sat punctato, lateribus antice leviter arcuatis, postice
fere rectis; scutello fere rugose punctato; elytris profunde
punctato-striatis, interstitiis irregulariter distincte punctatis.

Long. 9-9'°5 mm.; lat. max. 5°5-6 mm.

Hab. Javan':> Kobe (7.0, A.) Lewis; 18.96. 1912);
N. Cuina: Tientsin, Shanghai, Foochow.

This is common in Japan, where it has been taken by
Mr. G. Lewis, Lord Dormer, and others, but the localities
have not been recorded.

It is exactly like A. flammea, Brenske (Hong Kong), but
the clypeus is less rugose, the forehead more sparsely
punctured, and the elytra have more convex interstices and
less punctured strie.

Aserica orientalis, Motsch.

Two or three species occur to which Motschulsky’s vague
description equally apples, and the identification is therefore
uncertain in the absence of the type.

The names of three species of Apogonia have been recorded
since the list of 1895, two of them described by Mr. Lewis
himself, and this does not complete the Japanese species, of
which one more is added here, while others must follow when
more specimens are available.

In describing Apogonia bicarinata (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) vol. xvii. 1896, p-. 333), Mr. Lewis characterized the front
tibia as ‘not conspicuously dentate,” but noting an excep-
tion in one “malformed” example from Oshima I. Al-
though I do not know that specimen, it appears from three
individuals from the Loochoo Is. (one of them taken by
Mr. J. E. A. Lewis at Okinawa) that the type is the really
malformed (er worn) example, and that the supposed
malformation is a characteristic of the species. ‘There are
two well-marked terminal teeth and some fine serrations at
the base. ‘The carina on the upper face is elevated near the
base, forming an obtuse angle there, and the outer edge of
the tibia is draw n inwards tows ards this angle, presenting the
appearance of a distortion.

The other species mentioned above is here named :—

Coleoptera of Japan. 399

Apogonia bicavata, sp. n.

Viridi-cuprea, parum nitida, postice sat lata; capite et pronoto
dense punctato-rugosis, illo opaco, clypeo brevissimo grosse
punctato, margine reflexo, vix sinuato, pronoti lateribus minus
dense punctatis, marginibus post medium valde curvatis, antice
rectis, reflexis, angulis anticis productis, excavatis; scutello
parce punctato; elytris grosse sat crebre punctatis, costa
suturali duabusque discoidalibus quarum interiori postice lata,
fortiter punctata; pygidio crebre et grosse punctato; tibiis
anticis fortiter bidentatis.

Long. 10 mm. ; lat. max. 6 mm.

Hab. Loocuoo Is.: Okinawa (J. HE. A. Lewis, 23rd May,
1913).

This insect has a very close relationship to A. major, Wat.,
which has the front angles of the prothorax similarly
hollowed out. It is a little smaller than A. major and less
shining, with the sides of the prothorax straighter and more
convergent in front and the front angles acuter and more
deeply holiowed. The sculpture of the upper surface is
strong and close, the clypeus very coarsely punctured, the
forehead densely and confluently, the pronotum still more
closely and deeply, but with the sides less closely punctured
and rather shining. The lateral edges are strongly rounded
behind the middle, and from there to the very acute front
angles they are nearly straight, strongly convergent, and
refiexed.

Lachnosterna inelegans, Lew.

This is treated by Messrs. Lewis and Waterhouse as the
L. parallela of Motschulsky, whose name is preoccupied by
Blanchard. Motschulsky’s insect, however, was from Shang-
hai, and it is not LZ. inelegans but a species with protuberant
pygidium very closely related to LZ. diomphalia which occurs
in that region and which has hitherto been confused with
it. The name parallela not being available, the hopeless
problem of its identity is happily not of importance ; but,
from the point of view of geographical distribution, it is
necessary to record that L. inelegans is known only from
S. Japan and Formosa. JL. diomphalia, described from
Korea, is found also at Nagasaki and in N. China (Wei-hai-
Wei), and exceedingly closely related species are found in
other parts of China.

Rhizotrogus niponicus, Lewis, belongs rather to Brahmina,
having the claws split and not toothed. They are rather
short and the inner lobe is very broad.

400 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

The species occurs also in Korea (Kang-hwo), at Shanghai,
and in Szechuen (Chin-fu-san).

Lachnosterna niponensis, Lewis, is found also in Korea

(Fusan) and N. China (Chefu).

Two closely related species, enumerated by Waterhouse as
Hoplosternus japonicus, Har. and Melolontha japonica, Burm.
respectively, were brought in numbers by Lewis. Capt. Moser
has followed Waterhouse in assigning these names to the
two species, but, recognizing the species as congeneric, has
changed Harold’s japonicus to haroldi, overlooking the fact
that Harold himself announced his insect to be the same as
Burmeister’s. No one has yet pointed out the distinguishing
features between the two species, which are so close that it
is not always an easy matter to distinguish the females.
The true H. japonicus, Burm., however, is distinguished by
the nearly black head, thorax, legs, and underside, the yellow
colour of the dorsal pubescence, which is erect and velvety
upon the pronotum, the opacity of the latter, and, in the
male, the strongly rounded and reflexed margin of the
clypeus and much produced pygidium.

The original descriptions leave little doubt of Harold’s
correctness in sinking his name as synonymous, and the
second species is therefore still nameless. It may be

called
Melolintha frater, sp. n.

Obscure castanea, omnino griseo-setosa, abdominis lateribus albo-
maculatis: corpus cylindricum, elongatum, supra densissime
punctulatum ; pronoto subnitido, lateribus valde arcuatis,
angulis posticis acutis; elytri utrius disco 3-costato; pygidio
recte et obtuse acuminato ; processu sternali brevi, acuto :

Gas clypeo transverso, excavato, margine antica integra, leviter
arcuata, clava antennali heptaphylla, longitudine 4-5-5 mm.,
tibia antica acute bidentata ; pygidio subtus plano, nitido:

2, clypeo brevi, marginis medio leviter indentato, clava antennali
brevi, hexaphylla, tibia antica 3-dentata.

Long. 24-30 mm.; lat. 12-15 mm.

Hab. S. Japan: Nara, Kioto, Kii Wada, Kobe (June,
July).

It is rather more solid and robust than M. japonica, more
uniformly reddish in colour, and with the pubescence less
yellow. ‘The pronotum is nee more shining and its hairy
clothing has not the velvety nature due to its erect arrange-
ment in M. japonica. The hind angles are rather less acute,

Coleoptera of Japan. 401

and the slight sinuation noticed hy Harold in describing
M. japonica is absent. The male has the clypeus less
rounded than in that species, and the female has the last
abdominal segment straight and not emarginate posteriorly.

It is very like AZ. ¢neana, Mots., from N. China and Korea,
but is rather larger, less shining, with the pygidium more
poiited, the clypeus not truncate, and the mesosternal process
shorter.

The species with a distinctly produced sternal process are
at present separated as Hoplosternus, but I am not able to
recognize that genus. The sternal process is very inconstant,
and, if accepted as a generic character, would lead to the
two sexes of Alelolontha guttigera, Sharp, being placed one
in Melolontha and the other in Hoplosternus.

Rorerinz.

I am unable to find any characters sufficient for the
retention of Anomala, Euchlora, and Phyllopertha as separate
genera, and, omitting A. flavilabris, Wat., and difficilis, Wat.,
which are better placed in the genus Mimela, I regard the
seventeen Japanese species enumerated by Mr. Lewis under
these various names as belonging to -Anomala, and that
number must be considerably increased.

The Japanese insect called A. mongolica, Fald., although
closely related to it, is distinguishable, being equally closely
related to A. cuprea, Hope. It may be called

Anomala japonica, sp. n.

Supra saturate viridis, submetallica, subtus cum pedibus rufo-
cuprea, corpore supra omnino densissime punctato, clypeo
transverso subarcuato, pronoti basi haud marginato; elytra
linea punctata juxta-suturali aliisque vix perspicuis impressis,
postice modice late membranaceis; pygidio crebre et minute
granoso-rugoso, basi parce piloso, pectoris abdominisque Jateribus
albido-hirsutis, pedum 4 anteriorum ungue majori fisso :

3, tibiz antice dente supero obsoleto:

2, tibia antica bidentata, dente apicali sat longo.

Long. 19-25 mm.; lat. max. 10-14 mm.

Hab. 8. Javan: Niigata; Korea: Kang-hwo (Miss
Scarlett).

This is larger on the average than A. mongolica, less
shining, and more finely, densely, and uniformly punctured
above, and the pygidium is less hairy. It is very closely
allied to A. cuprea, but differs, besides its green and scarcely
metallic upper surface, in being more strongly and densely

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. 20

402 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

punctured above. A slightly shining coppery-green variety
(var. borealis, m.) occurs in Hakodate, which is still nearer
to A. cuprea, so that the interval between A. mongolica and
A, cuprea is completely bridged and their separation as
Anomala and Euchlora respectively becomes impossible.
The difference in the front claws of the male referred to by
Mr. Lewis does not exist here.

Belonging to the same group and closely related to the
last are A. albopilosa, Hope, and gracilis, Schauf. The
latter is considered by its author to be a variety of A. albo-
pilosa, but by Mr. Lewis to be a distinct species. In my
opinion the difference between species and varieties becomes
in these insects one of individual taste. Hitherto undistin-
guished from A. albopilosa, but really belonging to another
group, in spite of the close external resemblance, are the
two species which follow :—

Anomala xanthopleura, sp. n.

Supra viridis, pronoti et elytrorum marginibus flavis, pygidio
metallico, antice viridi, postice flavescenti, corpore subtus roseo-
flavo, tibiis tarsisque cupreis, corpore supra subnitido, dense
penctato, clypeo truncato, rugoso ; elytris lineis longitudinalibus
punctatis subsuturalibus et medianis (harum circum 5) distincte
impressis, marginibus externis reflexis, postice dilatatis et sub-
angulatim abbreviatis, subtus castaneis, sat late membranaceis ;
pygidio dense rugoso, fere opaco, vix piloso; corporis subtus
lateribus punctatis, modice griseo-pilosis; tibia antica bidentata,
pedum anticorum et intermediorum ungue majori fisso :

g, tibie antics apice subacuto, ungue majori antico fere ad apicem
minute angulatim dilatato :

2 , tibiee antice apice longe lobato.

Long. 19-22 mm.; lat. max. 11-12 mm.

Hab. Loo Cuoo Is.: Okinawa I. (J. E. A. Lewis, May
1913).

This has the colour, size, and general appearance of
A. albopilosa, Hope, but im the peculiar dilated elytra and
eedeagus of the male it is quite different, and is evidently
closely related to A. expansa and truncata, Bates. It is
smaller than either, strongly and densely punctured above,
and rather more shining than A. truncata, but less so than
A. expansa and markedly distinct also by the pale-coloured
lower surface and femora. The edeagus of the male has the
paramera produced upon the centre line into a pair of short
overlapping lobes.

Coleoptera of Japan. 403

Anomala chloroderma, sp. n.

Supra viridis, pronoti et pygidii lateribus flavis ; corpore subtus
roseo-flavo, tibiis tarsisque cupreis ; corpore supra dense pune-
tato, clypeo brevi, subquadrato, rugoso; elytris lineis longi-
tudinalibus punctatis subsuturalibus et medianis (harum circum 5)
sat distincte impressis, extus haud late marginatis, marginibus
Viridibus, paullo reflexis, postice haud abrupte abbreviatis;
pygidio viridi-metallico, rugoso, longe griseo-piloso ;_ corporis
subtus lateribus punctatis, modice griseo-pilosis ; tibia antica
bidentata, pedum anticorum et intermediorum ungue majori
fisso :

d , tibize antice apice subacuto, ungue majori antico fere ad apicem
minute dilatato :

2, tibiz antice apice obtuse lobato.

Long. 23-26 mm. ; lat. max. 13-14 mm.

Hab. Osurma I.: Naje (Ferrié, 1895).

It is closely related to A. xanthopleura, but a little larger
and more finely punctured above, with distinct but narrower
lateral margins to the elytra. The margins are not
differently coloured to the rest of the elytra and do not end
abruptly behind. The edeagus of the male has its paramera
produced into long finger-like processes on the median line
and rather sharply angulated externally.

These two species are most clearly allied to A. expansa
and truncata, Bates, with which they form a group peculiar
to this region and remarkable for the strange development
of the outer margins of the elytra.

Several species were united by Messrs. Waterhouse and
Lewis under the name of A. rufocuprea, Mots. They have
been distinguished by Reitter in his * Bestimmungs-Tabellen,’
It will be useful to give the localities :—

A. rufocuprea, Mots. ... Hakodate, Yokohama (Swinhoe),
‘Ta-lien-hwan.

A. motschulskyi, Har. ... Mt. Simbara (P. A. Holst).

4. JUCENS, Sea Hakodate, Yezo, Nikko, Nio-
hosan,

A. pleurimargo, Reitt.... Nagasaki, Yama-guchi (Hiller).

Anomala (Phyllopertha) intermizta, sp. n.

Obscure cuprea, capite, pronoto scutelloque aureo- vel igneo-viridibus,
elytris nigris vel fuscis: corpus modice elongatum, depressum,
sat sparse griseo-pilosum, capite grosse granuloso, vertice fortiter
punctato, clypeo lato, antice recto vel levissime emarginato ;
pronoto brevi nitido, fortiter haud dense punctato, angulis
posticis paulo acuminatis; elytris ruguloso-punctatis, crebré

404 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

striatis, lateribus antice paulo explanatis ; pygidio rugoso, longe
setoso :

dg, pedis antici ungue majori lato, dentibus 2 tibialibus brevibus,
acutis :

9, elypeo antice, pronoti marginibus lateralibus suturaque plerum-
que rufis, elytrorum lateribus magis explanatis, tibiae antice
dentibus 2 obtusis :

Var. elytris testaceis.

Long. 9-11°5 mm. ; lat. 45-6 mm.

Hab. Nikko, Sapporo, Chiuzenji.

This species was referred to the familiar Phyllopertha
horticola, L., by Waterhouse, but treated by Lewis as a
variety of P. irregularis, Wat. It is readily distinguishable
from the latter by the coarser sculpture, non-metallic elytra,
straight cly peus, &c., but is very closely related to P. horticola.
It differs, however, in its broader form and less hairy body,
and especially by the shorter, more transverse, and more
strongly and distinctly punctured pronotum, which is
usually of a golden or fiery-green colour. The clypeal
margin is straight in front or feebly concave. The last
joint of the maxillary palpus is very large and hatchet-
shaped.

I have recently described a new species of Popillia
(P. lewisi), from Okinawa I., in a paper dealing with the
genus Popillia (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vol, xu, 19lo,
p. 40).

Crronrina.
Protetia hondana, sp. 0.

Rufo-cuprea, prothorace, elytris pygidioque sat late viridibus,
opacis, tenuiter albo-signatis : corpus elongatum, clypeo bilobato,
lobis rotundatis, capite crebre punctato; pronoto quam longi-
tudinem parum latiore, subplano, fere equaliter bene punctato,
linea mediana levi, lateribus fere rectis, basi leviter trisinuato,
linea alba laterali punctisque pluribus discoidalibus ; scutello sat
angusto; elytris extus modice punctatis, lateraliter fortiter
sinuatis, apice haud angulatis, cum pygidio tenuiter albo-signatis,
hoc subtiliter transverse strigato; corporis subtus lateribus
fortiter strigoso-punctatis, haud dense flavo-pilosis, medio toto
polito.

Long. 23 mm.; lat. max. 12 mm.

Hab. Kobe (July, 1913), Tanegashima (May, 1913),
Hiroshima (Janson Coll.).

This is the only known Japanese Protetia in which the
upper surface is covered with opaque bloom, as in the much

Coleoptera of Japan. 405

smaller Cetonia pilifer and relofsi. It.is a narrow-bodied
iusect, with the upper surface rather bright green and the
head, legs, and lower surface fiery-copper coloured, and
marked with fine white dots and lines upon the pronotum,
elytra, and pygidium almost exactly as in P. lenzi. The
clypeus is divided into two rounded lobes, with only slightly
reflexed margins; the sides of the prothorax are very gently
aud regularly curved and the base narrowly and not deeply
excised before the scutellum and very feebly on each side.
The sides of the elytra are strongly excised behind the
shoulders and the apical angles are not sharp. The sternal
process is small and very little produced.

Two specimens have been taken by Mr. J. E. A. Lewis.

The type in the British Museum is a male from Kobe;
the specimen from Tanegashima is a monstrosity, with a split
pronotum,

The beetle attributed by Messrs. Waterhouse and Lewis
to Protetia submarmorea, Burm., is certainly not that
species, and Reitter is probably correct in believing the
latter to be synonymous with P. @rata, Er. That species (as
mentioned by Burmeister) has the form of P. marmorata,
F., the scutellum very short and blunt, and the elytra punc-
tured in the scutellar region, none of which features apply
to the present species. For it I propose the name

Protetia cataphracta, sp. n.

Toto rufo-cuprea, elongata, angusta, nitida, clypeo fere recte trun-
cato, margine reflexo, medio vix indentato, capite sat fortiter
punctato ; pronoto angusto, medio late fere levi, lateribus intus
fortiter punctatis, extus crebre strigosis, marginibus externis
medio subangulatis, angulis posticis haud rotundatis, basi medio
profunde exciso; scutello levi, apice haud valde obtuso ; elytris
longis, extus sat crebre haud profunde strigosis, postice tenuiter
transverse albido-maculatis, apicibus haud spinosis; pygidio
dense transversim strigoso; pectore aureo-hirto, metasterni
lateribus coxisque posticis fortiter strigosis, hic extus acute
spinosis :

3g, abdomine profunde longitudinaliter suleato :

2, pygidio Eg oblique i impresso.

Long. 22-24 mm.; lat. max. 12-13 mm.

Hab, N. Javan: Nikko, L. Junsai, Fusai, Usui Pass.

Amongst a dozen specimens there is only a single male.

The elongate form, coppery-red colour, and shining upper
surface, strongly and cuarsely striolated at the sides of the

406 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

pronotum and elytra, are sufficient to distinguish this species.
It closely resembles P. insperata, Lewis, which is more brassy
in colour and has only feebly punctured, not striolated,
elytra. The abdomen in the male of the latter is not deeply
channelled beneath, and sometimes only curved. Reitter, in
his ¢ Bestimmungs-Tabellen, has probably taken the new
species for P. insperata, or combined the two. On account
of the ventral groove, P. cataphracta belongs to the genus
Pachnotosia of Reitter (Liocola, Thoms.) ; but, even if it is
considered desirable to admit genera depending on a feature
peculiar to one sex (which I must dispute), the distinction
fails in P. insperata, different individuals of which might be
referfed to different genera. Putting aside the species most
closely related to Cetonia aurata, which have a vertical meso-
sternal process, no adequate basis for the further subdivision
of the ancient genus Cefonia seems to me to have been
discovered, and | prefer to use the name Profetia for the
remaining species.

Five or six species very closely allied to P. cataphracta
occur in Japan, and equally closely related forms occur in
China and Formosa. The nomenclature of these has become
greatly confused, and I think the following table of the
species of the group will be serviceable. Two allied species
from Formosa have been named respectively by Capt. Moser
Liocola formosana and Calopotosia formosana. As these can,
at the most, only be subgenerically separated, I have
changed ‘the specific name of the second to inquinata. It is
distinguished (perhaps in the male alone) by a peculiar
S-shaped spur at the end of the hind tibia.

Key to Protetia orientalis Group.

Clypeus not distinctly bilobed.
Klytra feebly sculptured, pygidium very
finely.
Elytral marks diffuse ........ viniets feniare, -eRarmongta isk
Elytral marks well defined.
Large, bronzy; sides of pronotum sub-

TUT ORO" ea mute eievee tee te eeteuite i ee insperata, Lew.
Small, green; sides of pronotum simply
punctured 4. ~cwwe ee FAS 40 yy davidiana, Fairm.

Hlytra strongly sculptured.
Pronotum not deeply excised before scu-
tellum. ,
Green; pygidium coarsely strigose .... speculifera, Swartz.
Bronzy ; pygidium very finely strigose . formosana, Moser,
Pronotum deeply excised before scutellum,
Not very elongate; pronotum broad at
base, with rounded sides.
Sides of elytra densely striolated .... brevitarsis, Lew.

Coleoptera of Japan. 407

Sides of elytra not densely striolated.
Pygidium not very finely striolated. fairmaire?, Ky,

Pygidium very finely striolated..., thibetana, Kr.
Elongate; pronotum narrow, with the
sides angulated ........ceeeeues cataphracta, Arr,

Clypeus distinctly bilobed.
Clypeal lobes rounded.
Very smooth and shining ; pronotum little
punctured,..... Arico Gate even ss inquinata, nom. noy.
Not smooth and shining; pronotum
strongly punctured.
Pronotum narrow, feebly excised, middle
Hime Clowated ates oat 6 peo, erie lenzi, Tar.
Pronotum not narrow, deeply excised.
Pronotum strongly and evenly punc-

GRO gf aaa seas s Csi an Dec Ce rae ishigakta, Fairm.
Pronotum strigose at sides.......... crassa, Har, (seulensis,
Clypeal lobes dentate, [ Kolbe).

Knees of four posterior legs with hairy pads.
Pygidium flat; pronotum lightly punc-

tavEd VSS Fa2s, eee APA f2. marginicollis, Ball.
Pygidium elevated; pronotum strongly ee PY
PUBSLULCd I). Taso. teak > see. rata, Er. (? orientalis,

Knees of posterior legs not padded ..,... famelica, Jans.

Glycyphana jucunda, Fald., and forticula, Jans.—These
two closely allied species belong to the genus Oxycetonia.

Three Japanese species have been placed in the genus
Valgus, which has since been restricted by Prof. Kolbe to
two or three inhabitants of the temperate zone in which the
female has a long caudal spme. Of the three, V. angusti-
collis, Wat., and tuberculatus, Lewis, belong to the genus
Dasyvalgus, the former resembling D. penicillatus, Bl., while
the latter is related to D. ovicollis, Arr.

V. fumosus, Lewis, also belongs to the group Dasyvalgine,
but is generically different from the other two species. It
agrees in the main with Spilova/gus, Kolbe, but differs by
the sharply spinose propygidial spiracle, the slender tarsi,
and thoracic caring converging instead of diverging behind.
These features are still more strongly marked in- a new
species to be described. The slender tarsi and the form of
the front tibia of the latter would justify its location in the
genus Chromovalgus, Kolbe, but as the two species in the
sharp spiracles of the propygidium agree better with each
other than with the single species of the other two genera,
it would be quite unnatural to separate them. Chromo-
valgus and Spilovalgus differ only by very slight characters,
and rather than make yet another genus, which would be an
unsatisfactory one as combining features of the two, I

493 On the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan.

propose, at least provisionally, to treat these four species as
belonging to a single genus, which must be called Chromo-
valgus.

The species are C. peyroni, Mals., modiglianit, Kolbe,
Jumosus, Lewis, and the new

Chromovalgus letus, sp. n.

Niger, squamis discoidalibus nigris et flavis sat dense vestitus,
squamis flavis pronoti in aneulis posticis minus crebre aggre-
gatis, elytrorum crebre ordinatis, vitta nigra sublaterali ab
humere fere ad apicem attingenti intus bis dilatata; abdomine
toto pectorisque lateribus crebre flavo-squamosis, metasterni
medio parce setoso; capite nitido, grosse punctato, parce setoso,
clypeo emarginato; pronoto angusto, lateribus arcuatis, antice
crenatis, postice paulo contractis, angulis posticis obtusis, disco
antice acute bicarinato, carinis postice leviter approximatis,
usque medium haud productis; scutello angusto, dense flavo-
squamoso ; propygidio et pygidio dense flavo-squamosis, illius
spiraculis acute spinosis; tibia antica lato, dentibus 1°, 3°, 5°
acutis, 2° sat acuto, 4° parum elevato, obtuso, tarsis (¢) longis
et gracilibus.

Long. 6°5 mm.; lat. 3°5 mm.

Hab. Loo Cuools.: Oshima (J. H. A. Lewis, May, 1913).

This is a gaily decorated little insect, of which the greater
part of the surface is covered with round, closely-set scales,
varying in colour from pale yellow to bright orange, but
the head is free from scales, those of the pronotum are
mixed black and yellow (the latter becoming closer in the
hind angles), and each elytron has two black patches, united
externally by a longitudinal black band which extends from
the shoulder almost to the hind margin.

In its general form it is like C. fumosus, Lewis, but it is
smaller and more brightly coloured. The tarsi are longer,
the second and fourth teeth of the front tibia are distinct
and not merely low ridges, and the spiracles of the pro-
pygidium are still longer.

The Japanese Valgini are all large forms, and it is a
remarkable feature of the Valgini ‘that, contrary to thie
general rule, the tropical species are usually small, while
those occurring further north, although less numerous, are
of the largest size.

407

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 71. NOVEMBER 1913.

XLIX.—On a small Collection of Marine Shells from
Henderson Island. By HK. A. Smita, 1.8.0.

[Plate IX.]

HENDERSON ISLAND, also known as Elizabeth Island, is
situated in the South Pacific Ocean, being an outlier of the
Paumotu group, and not very remote from Pitcairn Island.
Captain F. W. Beechey, R.N., who investigated the island
in 1825, has given some account of it in his ‘* Narrative of a
Voyage to the Pacific and Beering’s Strait in H.M.S.
‘ Blossom,’”’ 1831, vol. 1. pp.61-65. Inthe British Museum
are various specimens obtained on that voyage at the Pau-
motus, and presented by Captain Beechey, and, although no
particular island is specified, it is quite possible that some of
them were collected at Henderson Island. It was apparently
visited by Hugh Cuming during the early part of last century,
since a few species obtained by him when collecting in the
archipelago have been assigned to thisisland. Othercollectors
have since visited the Paumotus, but I have not observed
that any of them have recorded species from Henderson
Island. M. Couturier* has given an extensive list of the
shells of this region, and it includes a large proportion of
those quoted in the following catalogue, excepting the
bivalves, which he has not dealt with.

The present collection was made by Mr, J. R. Jamieson,
assisted by Mr. D. R. Tait, and these gentlemen have

* Journ. de Conch. 1907, pp. 123-178.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 30

410 Mr. E. A. Smith on

kindly presented a selection of the specimens to the British
Museum.

A glance at the list at once tells us that the majority of the
species are common well-known forms, having a wide range
in the Pacific, some as far north as the Sandwich Islands,
and many of them also occurring in the Indian Ocean, and in
a few instances even in the Red Sea.

The collection apparently indicates that a rich Molluscan
fauna exists at this island. At present only the more con-
spicuous species have been collected, and doubtless many
smaller and less noticeable forms could be found by closer
and more extended research, more especially if dredging were
resorted to.

LIST OF THE SPECIES.

Acmea conoidalis, Pease.
Patella stelleeformis, Reeve.
Haliotis pulcherrima, Martyn.

Broderipia iridescens (Broderip).

Stomatella speciosa, 4. Ad.
Calliostoma roseopictum, sp. n.
Turbo petholatus, Linn.
argyrostoma, Linn.
Nerita plicata, Linn.
melanotragus, Smith.
Helicina solidula, Gray.
Littorina obesa, Sowerby.
trochoides, Gray.
Amalthea australis {Lamk.).
Cyprea arenosa, Gray.

seurra, Chemnitz.
isabella, Linn.

subteres, Weinkauff.
caput-serpentis, Linn.
poraria, Linn.

— helvola, Linn.

-—— cumingil, Gray.

—— irrorata, Solander.

goodallii, Gray.
minoridens, Melvill.
— childreni, Gray.
cicercula, Linn.
margarita, Solander,
Trivia oryza (Lamarck).
Mamilla simiz (2écluz).
Natica dillwynu, Payraudeau.
Tanthina communis, Lamarck.
Vertagus obeliscus (Bruguiére).

Cerithium tuberculiferum, Pease.

nassoide, Sowerby.
rarimaculatum, Sowerby.
Royella sinon (Bayle).
Kpitonium perplexum, Pease.

Bursa (Colubrellina) affinis (Bro-
dertp).

— (Craspedotriton)
(Broderip).

Colubraria nitidula (Sowerby).

Cassis (Casmaria) vibex (Zznn.).

Morum ponderosum (/anley).

Vanicoro plicata (Récluz).

Strombus floridus, Zamarck.

Latirus nodatus (Martyn).

Mitra pontificalis, Lamarck.

fulva, Swainson.

auriculoides, Reeve.

maculosa, feeve.

Caducifer cylindrica (Pease).

Nassa papillosa (Zinn.).

gaudiosa, Hinds.

Maculotriton bracteatus (Hinds),
var.

Tritonidea difficilis, sp. n.

rosacea, sp. n.

Pisania decollata, Sowerby.

Engina fuscolineata, sp. n.

Columbella turturina, Lamarck.

varians, Sowerby.

obtusa, Sowerby.

Thais intermedia (Kvener).

Topas sertum (Lrugwiére).

Vexilla vexillum (Chemnitz).

—— teniata (Powis).

Drupa horrida (Lamarck).

clathrata (Lamarck).

ricinus (Lin7.).

— morus (Lamarck).

tuberculata (Blarnville), var.

dealbata (Reeve).

Quoyula madreporarum (Sowerby).

Conus lividus, Hwass.

conyoluta

Marine Shells from Henderson Island. All

Conus hebraus, Zinn., and var. Arca maculata, Sowerby.

vermiculatus, Lamk. —— (Acar) domingensis, Lamarck.
—— miliaris, Hwass. (Barbatia) parva, Sowerby.
ceylonensis, Hwass, var. Pecten pallium, Linn.
nanus, Brod. coruscans, Hinds.
—— tessellatus, Born. Lima bullifera, Deshayes.
rattus, Hwass. Spondylus sp.
pennaceus, Born, var. episco- Lucina (Codakia) divergens, Phi-
pus, Lamk. lippt.
solidus, Sowerby. Libitina guinaica (Chemnitz).

— glans, Hwass, var. tenui- Tellina scobinata, Linn.
striatus, Sowerby. Aslender Semele australis (Sowerby).
form of this variety. Coreulum productum (Deshayes).
tulipa, Zinn. Tridacna crocea, Lamarck.
Bulla sp. juv. squamosa, Lamarck.
Melampus luteus (Quoy § Gat- Chama jukesii, Reeve.
mard),

NOTES ON A FEW OF THE SPECIES.

Morum ponderosum (Hanley).

Oniscia ponderosa, Hanley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 265, pl. xlii.
figs. 9, 10.

Oniscia exquisita, Tryon (non Adams and Reeve), Man. Conch. vol. vii.
p. 282, pl. x. fig. 22 (copy of Hanley’s fig. 10).

It is interesting to know the locality of this rare species,
the habitat being hitherto unrecorded. It is quite distinct
from the Oniscia exquisita of Adams and Reeve *, with
which it has been incorrectly united by Tryon.

Morum exquisitum was dredged in 16-20 fathoms in the
Sooloo Archipelago, which is very remote from Henderson
Island.

M. ponderosum differs from M. exquisitum in its less
elevated spire, the absence of granules on the columellar
callus (which is not of a rosy-purple colour), in the thickened
labrum being peppered with red dots on the outside, and the
liree within, which do not extend across the front of it. The
columellar side of the aperture is transversely lirate within
throughout the whole length, a feature which does not appear
to be present in the Sooloo species. ‘The apex of the spire in
the latter is red, whereas in ponderosum it is white, and the
concavity of the upper part of the whorls is finely spirally
striated, which does not appear to be the case in J. eaqui-
situm.

* Voy. ‘Samarang,’ Zoology, Mollusca, p. 35, pl. v. figs. 3a-b; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. vol. y. fig. 3.
30*

412 Mr. I. A. Smith on

Lima bullifera, Deshayes.

Lima bullifera, Deshayes, in Maillard’s Ile de la Réunion, vol. ii. p. 50,
pl. xxxi. figs. 9, 10 (1863).

This species is remarkable on account of the scales on the
coste taking the form of little hollow globules and having
the appearance of perfectly rounded solid tubercles. In the
Henderson Island worn shells these are only preserved in
one or two specimens. Deshayes was under the impression
that the species never attained to a large size, and he gives
the length as only 20mm. The largest example from Hen-
derson Island, however, is 48 mm. long. ‘The number of
costee is said to be twenty, but in the specimens under
examination there are about twenty-four to twenty-seven.

A remarkable feature in these shells, not noticed by
Deshayes, is that the elongate muscular impression within
the valves is of a yellowish colour. This, however, is more
evident in some specimens than in others, and consequently
in the smaller and possibly young shells described by
Deshayes this colouring might not have been present or even
overlooked.

At first sight this species, as remarked by its founder,
might be taken for the well-known L. squamosa, Lamk., the
Ostrea lima of Linneus.

The occurrence of L. bull’fera at such distant localities as
Réunion Island and Henderson Island is not surprising,
since the distribution of LZ. squamosa is equally remarkable,
being practically world-wide (see Lischke, Japan. Meeres-
Conch. Theil i. p. 162; Smith, ‘Challenger’ Lamelli-
branchiata, p. 287).

Broderipia iridescens (Broderip).

Scutella tridescens, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 48.
Broderipia tridescens, Pilsbry, Man, Conch, vol. xii. p. 46, pl. i.
figs, 5-8, pl. i. figs. 41, 42.

Hab. Grimwood’s Island, Pacifie Ocean (Broderip) ;
Marutea (=Lord Hood Island) and Vahitahi Island, Pau-
motu group (Couturier, J. de Conch. 1907, p. 172) ; Ile
Réunion (Deshayes).

I have been unable to discover any record of a Grimwood
Island, but it is probably in the South Pacific as recorded by
Pilsbry. Tle does not, however, refer it to any particular
group of islands.

The dimensions of the single specimen from Henderson

Marine Shells from Henderson Island. 413

Island far exceed those given by Broderip and other authors.
It is 10 mm. long, 6 in diameter, and 2°5 in height.

Natica dillwynii, Payraudeau.

Hab. Mediterranean, St. Helena, West Indies, Mauritius,
and South Pacific (see Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 270).

In the Henderson Island specimens the reddish-brown
articulations on the two white zones on the body-whorl are
not so distinctly arrow-head-shaped, and the markings on
the white base around the umbilicus consist of a series of
small dots instead of the conspicuous curved brown lines
which occur in Mediterranean and West-Indian specimens.
I have not seen the operculum of Mauritian or South-Pacitic
examples.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

Engina fuscolineata. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.)

Testa parva, ovato-fusiformis, alba, inter costas nodulosas fusco
lineata; anfractus normales sex planiusculi, paulo infra suturam
suleo constricti, oblique costulati, transversim striati, costulis
nodulosis, in anfractu ultimo flexuosis, basim versus minus nodu-
losis; apertura angusta, intus flavescens; labrum incrassatum,
album, denticulis circiter sex intus armatum, ad marginem fusco
notatum ; columella denticulis externis ad quinque et plicis vel
denticulis internis duobus medianis instructa, callo tenui nitente
definito induta ; canalis anterior obliquus, leyiter recuryus.

Longit. 9, diam. 4 mm.

This species is well characterized by the style of the
markings, the fine dark brown lines between the nodulous
coste being very striking. The oblique coste on the upper
whorls have three or four tubercles on each, these being
caused by transverse fine sulci or impressed lines cutting
across the ribs. The body-whorl is somewhat contracted
below the middle and has about ten nodules on the ribs.
The anterior end is crossed by three or four conspicuous
grooves, and the ridges between them are scarcely affected
by the longitudinal coste, and consequently appear almost
non-nodulous. On the labrum the most posterior tubercle
is somewhat distant from the next, so that a slight sinus is
formed. ‘The uppermost or hindmost denticle on -the colu-
mella is a little within and near the hindmost one on the
labrum. ‘The four other denticles upon the outer edge corre-
spond to the terminations of the oblique ridges upon the
lower portion of the whorl. ‘he two internal denticles are

414 On Marine Shells from Henderson Islana.

almost like folds, such as occur in the genus Mitra, and the
lower one is formed by the edge of the columella bordering
the canal.

Tritonidea difficilis. (Pl. IX. fig. 2.)

Testa elongata, pallide lilacea, hic illic fusco maculata; anfractus
8?, convexiusculi, longitudinaliter costati et spiraliter lirati,
liris supra costas leviter tuberculiformibus, inter liras spiraliter
striati, lineis incrementi tenuibus inter costas sculpti; anfr.
penultimus et ultimus costis circiter 16 instructi; in anfract.
superioribus coste sensim rariores; ultimus in medio convexi-
usculus, infra contractus, liris spiralibus ad 16, quam costis
gracilioribus, ornatus ; coste infra medium sensim evanescentes ;
apertura brevis, longitudinis totius 3 paulo superans; labrum
extra late incrassatum, quasi varicosum, intus liris circiter un-
decim intrantibus, ad marginem denticulatum; columella supra
arcuata, denticulo prope labrum munita, prope medium incisuram
unicam monstrans, callo definito tuberculis 5—6 instructo amicta ;
canalis anterior brevis, obliquus.

Longit. 19, lat. 8 mm.; apertura 6°5 longa, 2°5 lata.

I have only seen one specimen of this species, which does
not appear to approach very closely any of the known forms.
The purple apex being worn, the number of whorls is rather
uncertain, but probably i is about eight. The broad thickening
of the labrum has a large brown blotch above the middle and
a smaller one below, and the spire is blotched at intervals
with the same colour. The notch on the columella is only
slight, but is probably a constant feature.

This and the following species are placed in the genus
Tritonidea for want of a better location, since this group and
Cantharus require urgent revision.

Tritonidea rosacea. (Pl. IX. fig. 3.)

Testa parva, fusiformi-ovata, pallide rosacea; anfractus 6?, con-
vexiusculi, costis septem crassis, albidis, rotundatis instructi,
liris spiralibus alternatim majoribus (in anfractu penultimo 8-9,
in ultimo circiter 18) cincti, inter liras tenuissime spiraliter striati ;
cost in anfr. ultimo ad basim continue, pauce antice conspicue
nodules ; apertura parva, ringens; labrum incrassatum, denti-
bus validis quatuor intus armatum; columella in medio intus
incisa, callo definito induta, supra marginem externum tuberculis
quatuor munita; canalis anterior brevis, obliquus.

Longit. circiter 13, diam. 6°5 mm.; apertura intus 5 longa, 2 lata.

Characterized by its rosy colour, strong coste, and dentate
aperture. ‘There is a slight sinus above the posterior denticle

On the Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 415

on the labrum, which is larger than the three others. The
denticles on the inner lip correspond to the terminations of
spirals around the lower part of the whorl. The notch on
the inner edge of the columella is smooth and situated oppo-
site the second denticie from the anterior end.

Calliostoma roseopictum. (Pl. IX. fig. 4.)

Testa parva, conica, anguste umbilicata, maculis roseis et albis picta,
superne virescens et pallide cornea, ad basim lineis tribus con-
centricis roseis aliisque radiantibus ornata; anfractus sex,
superiores tres convexiusculi, leves, dilute carnei, duo sequentes
plani, subvirides, roseo plus minus picti, ultimus ad peripheriam
rotunde angulatus, roseo alboque articulatus ; ultimus et penulti-
mus spiraliter regulariter striati, striis vel sulcis sex angustis-
simis, quam interstitiis longe angustioribus ; basis infra angulum
convexiuscula, versus umbilicum angustum album magis tenuiter
concentrice striata; columella oblique arcuata; labrum intus
incrassatum, album; apertura intus margaritacea, obsolete
sulcata.

Alt. 4:3, diam. 3 mm.

The specimen here described, although very small, appears
to be adult, since the outer lip is thickened within. The
thread-like sulci upon the spire and the three upon the base
are coloured, and contrast clearly with the ground-colour of
the shell. The former are brownish and the latter more
rosaceous.

The spotted lira at the periphery passes up the spire,
forming a distinct margination beneath the suture.

This species is evidently closely allied to C. marmoreum,
Pease, from the Paumotus, and may eventually prove to be a
small, less elongate, and differently coloured variety of it.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Fig. 1. Engina fuscolineata, sp. n.
Fig. 2. Tritonidea difficilis, sp. u.
Fig. 5. rosacea, Sp. N.

Fig. 4. Calliostoma roseopictum, sp, n.

L.—Some Notes on the Parasitic Copepod Thersitina
gasterostel, Pagenstecher. By RoBert GuRNEY, M.A.

[Plates X.—XIII. ]

Tue family Ergasilide, to which Thersitina belongs, has
recently been most ably monographed by Wilson *, so far,

* C, B. Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxxix. 1911, pp. 263-400,

416 Mr. R. Gurney on the

at all events, as concerns the North-American species ; but
it appears that the genus Thersitina, which he was unable
personally to examine, is still involved in some obscurity,
owing to conflicting statements as to the structure of the
single species, Z’. gasterostez. As I have had the oppor-
tunity of obtaining abundant material of this species, it
seems worth while to give some account of its structure and
life-history.

Occurrence.

Thersitina gasterostei is found in abundance under the gill-
opercula of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the ditches
containing somewhat brackish water in the neighbourhood of
Yarmouth, but I have never found it in quite fresh water.
It seems to show a decided preference for the three-spined
stickleback (G'. aculeatus), so that, in a ditch in which every
specimen of that species is infested, many specimens of the
ten-spined stickleback (G. pungitius), though the commoner
of the two, may have no parasites at all, and it never has so
many as the other species. On G. aculeatus I have found as
many as forty specimens of T’hersitina under one operculum,
and it is not uncommon to find one operculum smothered
with the parasites while the other is nearly free from them.
The parasite is found under the posterior part of the gill-
operculum, clasping the mucus which covers the skin, but
not apparently fixed to the skin itself. When specially
numerous, specimens may be found attached to the mucus of
the gills themselves, and I have even found them clinging to
the pectoral and dorsal fins and to the tail.

Breeding Periods.

Towards the end of October the adult females found are
without ege-sacs and usually the ovary is also empty; but a
large number are immature, not having reached the swollen
condition of the adult. It seems probable that the adults do
not survive the winter, and it is very noticeable that the
number of adults found decreases from August onwards. IL
believe that the last generation of young, hatched about the
beginning of October, fix themselves towards the end of the
month, and pass the winter and early spring in a more or less
dormant condition. All the evidence points in this genus, as
in Lrgasilus, to the conclusion that the female is fertilized
once and for all during the free-swimming stage. I have
never once found a male beneath the operculum of the host,
but I have seen spermatophores attached to a free-swimming

i

Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 417

female. The large size of the receptaculum seminis also
seems to confirm this conclusion. No males are to be found
at the time when reproduction first becomes active in the
spring, so that the spermatozoa must remain alive within the
female for about five months.

I have no observations for November or December, but in
January neither larve nor egg-bearing females are to be
found. Reproduction first becomes active about the beginning
of March, and continues throughout the summer. There
seems to be a distinct periodicity, indicating, as I believe, a
series of five generations within the year, though, of course,
these generations will to some extent overlap and obscure
one another. I suppose that a mature female lays two, or
perhaps three, lots of eggs, and then dies and gives place to
the new generation. ‘he general course of events is, I
think, as follows :—

January.—Period of rest. No eggs. No larve.

March.—Reproductive period begins. WNauplii to be found,
but no later Jarvee.

April.—Larvze mature, and fix themselves towards end of
month.

May.— Disappearance of the winter generation? Hgg-laying
of new (first) generation hatched in April.

June.—Fixing and maturing of adults continue and some
begin to hatch eggs.
July.—No observations, but probably the second generation
hatched in June breed and their larve mature.
August.—Third generation fix and produce young, so that at
end of month the fourth generation is nearly ready to
fix.

September.—No observations. Probably fixing and ripening
of fourth generation.

October.—Fourth generation still living, but ceasing to breed.
Fifth generation fixing and beginning to mature.

November and December.—No observations. Probably a
resting period, without production of eggs,

Structure of the Adult.

The general form of the adult female has already been
adequately described *, but no account of the male has, so
far as I am aware, been given. The male described and

* Scott, Eighteenth Ann, Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, part iii.
1900, p. 146,

418 Mr. R. Gurney on the

figured by Kroyer is an adult female in the free-swimming
Stage.

The male (Pl. XII. fig. a and Pl. XIII. fig. f) closely
resembles the free-swimming female, but is readily distin-
euished from it by the possession of the large sickle-shaped
maxillipedes and the form of the abdomen, the genital segment
generally having a refringent appearance, owing to the con~
tained spermatophores. The body is also somewhat more
slender and the abdomen longer. The first thoracic segment
is fused with the head, but the succeeding four segments
are all distinct. The abdomen consists of five segments, the
genital segment being as long as the remaining four together
and bearing a seta on either side at its posterior angles. The
fourth segment has a ventral ring of cilia. The furcal rami
are, as in the female, short and conical, bearing a very long
seta and three short subequal ones with a very characteristic
arrangement (Pl. XIII. fig. /). In the free-swimming
female the abdomen consists of four segments only, and the
openings of the oviducts on the dorsal surface are very
conspicuous. The appendages of the male do not differ from
those of the female, with the exception of the presence of the
maxillipede.

The Appendages.

First pair of antenne.—Unlike Ergasilus, the first antenna
of Thersitina consists of five distinct joints, of which the
proportional length is, on an average, as follows :—

JoMnits).caeaee Bosh aete Ais id Dy ay AE ls
Tjenpth fshereie cnlenien ts 163% ASCE bs

The joints bear numerous very transparent sete, one of which,
on the posterior face of the third joint, is conspicuously long.
Second pair of antenne.—These are strong prehensile
appendages composed of four joints, the last joint being in
the form of a strong claw with a stout accessory claw at its
base. In the male the whole appendage is more slender
than in the female and the accessory claw is very small.
Mouth-parts—The mouth-parts are exceedingly difficult
to follow out even in the larva, owing to their minuteness
and crowded position, and there seems to be no adequate
published account of them. I have found it best to boil the
adult female in caustic potash before examination, since it
is then comparatively easy to see the appendages in their
natural positions. ‘There are then visible three pairs of

Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 419

appendages—mandibles, first maxilla, and second maxilla
(Pl. XI. fig. ¢),—but in the male a pair of maxillipedes are
also present (PI. XI. fig. a). The mandibles are strong
wedge-shaped organs with a toothed cutting-plate and an
accessory toothed lobe running upwards into the mouth.
This lobe is overhung by the free edge of the labrum, which
is a delicate plate largely fused with the cuticle of the head.

The first maxillee are very rudimentary, and consist of a
pair of minute knobs bearing three short spines (PI. XI.
tig. d),

The second maxille consist of a large basal part, divisible
into two joints, and a distal curved joint with a toothed end
(Pl. XI. fig. e). This distal joint is very freely movable,
and can generally be seen in active movement when the
living animal is examined.

The maxillipedes appear first in the last larval stage of the
male as a pair of simple knobs, and are fully developed at
the next moult. In the adult male the maxillipede is three-
jointed, the first joint fused with the head, but the other two
freely movable. The second joint is broad and armed with a
row of small spines, and the distal joint is a long curved
clasping rod, sometimes showing an apparent division at the
base into two joints.

According to Dr. Scott, the mouth-parts consist of man-
dibles, maxille, and two pairs of “‘ maxillipedes” ; and in his
more recent account* he appears to confirm his original
description.

I have examined a number of specimens, and have in no
case found more than three pairs of appendages in the female,
so that it is clear that these appendages do not differ in
number or position from those of Hrgasilus. Wilson (1911,
p- 283) has given reasons, with which I fully agree, why the
two pairs succeeding the mandibles should be designated as
maxillz and the pair following them in the male as maxilli-
pedes or thoracic appendages. A full discussion of the
mouth-parts of Uhersitina and Ergasilus will be found in
Wilson’s paper.

The swimming-legs.—The first three pairs of legs have both
rami three-jointed and of approximately the same length.
The two basal joints are very broad and the legs of each pair
are united by a strong chitinous bar attached at its ends to
the first basal joint. The second joint bears a seta on its
outer face and two rows of small spines on its inner edge.

* ‘British Parasitic Copepoda’ (Ray Society, 1913), p. 42.

420 Mr. R. Gurney on the

The outer edge of the joints of the inner ramus is fringed
with a row of delicate spines. The numbers of sete borne
by the different joints are shown in the following table :—

Joints.
TED | IER TRIO WS Tee Rah Je IO |) leat. || IRS. IT

The fourth pair have the outer ramus two-jointed and
shorter than the three-jointed inner ramus.

The fifth pair of legs are simply small knobs bearing a
single terminal seta.

Wilson states (1911, p. 271) that in males and immature
females of the Ergasilide a pair of rudimentary legs are to
be found on the genital segment, but I have not found any
trace of them in Thersitina at any age or in either sex.

Internal Anatomy.

The internal structure, so far as I have been able to study
it, does not differ from that of Hrgasilus as described by
Wilson. The only point in which there appears to be any
important difference is in the nervous system. I have not
been able to follow its arrangement in the adult female, but
in the free-swimming female and in the male the greater
part of it is fairly easy to see. Whereas in Hrgasilus there
is, according to Wilson, a double ventral nerve-cord with
ganglia corresponding to each of the swimming-legs and an
additional ganglion in the genital segment, in Thersitina the
nerves of the first three pairs of swimming-legs arise from
the posterior angles of the great postcesophageal ganglion,
which also sends off a pair of slender cords which run back
parallel and close to each other for a considerable distance
before sending off nerves to the fourth pair of legs and con-
tinuing on into the genital segment (Pl. XIII. fig. e). I
have not been able to detect any separate thoracic ganglia.

Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 421

Larval Stages.

The nauplii can readily be obtained by isolating females
with very advanced eggs, but the eggs: will not hatch when
so isolated unless the nauplii are already visible and active
within them. The nauplii will live for some time in water
not specially aerated, but I have not been able to keep them
thus up to the Cyclopid stage. No doubt it would be easy to
keep them to maturity with a proper system of aeration.
Unfortunately my water-supply does not admit of a satis-
factory arrangement.

The First Nauplius.

When first hatched the nauplius is of the usual Cyclopid
form and only *11 mm. in length. It is very transparent, but
has conspicuous blue pigment round the gut (PJ. XII. fig. 2).

The first antenne are two-jointed, with a single seta at
the apex of the first joint and two sete of unequal length
at the apex of the second joint.

The second antenna consists of a stout stem bearing a
minute one-jointed endopodite and a large exopodite with
a row of six setae. The stem is constricted, though not seg-
mented, into two joints, and has a large masticatory hook at
its base.

The mandible consists of a broad basal segment and two
short branches. The endopodite is indistinctly two-jointed,
the basal joint bearing a large masticatory lobe armed with
two stiff sete. The distal joint bears three sete and a large
thick esthete. The distal end of the body is provided with
the usual pair of sete. The anus is apparently imperforate.

The Second Nauplius. (Pl. XII. fig. 3.)

Six days after hatching the nauplii showed very little
change. The length was -16 mm., or a growth of ‘05 mm.

The appendages remain as before, except that in the case
of the mandible the exopodite is distinctly three-jointed and
the endopodite has the appearance of a simple masticatory
appendage of the basal joint. It consists of the previous
masticatory lobe and a minute knob bearing the large esthete
and three setee. Behind the mandible are seen beneath the
skin the rudiments of a fourth pair of appendages. The
posterior end of the body has now two pairs of sete.

The antennal gland is present in the form of a long slender
tube running back behind the mandible and returning on

422 Mr. R. Gurney on the

itself to open at the base of the second antenna. The anus
is still imperforate.

The Third Nauplius. (Pl. XII. fig. 4.)

Seven days after the nauplii had entered the second stage
some were found to have moulted into a third stage and to
measure about ‘17 mm. In this stage the first three pairs
of appendages are practically unchanged, but a fourth pair is
now present in the form of simple cylindrical processes with
a single apical seta. These appendages may represent the
second pair of maxilla. The anus still appears to be im-
perforate. The blue colour surrounding the gut is now, and
remains in later stages, a distinctive and easily recognized
character. The maxillary gland is first seen at this stage.

Later Nauplit.

After the stage described above all my nauplii died off
with the exception of one individual which, one month after
hatching, had reached a size of :25 mm., but had no more
appendages than before. In this stage the first antennze
have numerous sete and are distinctly three-jointed (PI. XII.
fig. 5). The second antenna differs from the preceding stage
in having two basal masticatory hooks instead of one, while
the mandible has lost the characteristic flat esthete of the inner
ramus. At some distance behind the mandible is a fourth
appendage in the form of a bilobed plate bearing six sete.
Immediately behind this appendage a line is seen across the
body which marks the division between thorax and abdomen,
so that this appendage is evidently the second maxilla, and
not a thoracic appendage. I have not been able to find any
trace of a first maxilla. Further back the first pair of
swimming-legs can be faintly seen beneath the skin in some
specimens.

T have not found any nauplii either larger than the one
here described or with any additional appendages, so that it
seems probable that this, the fourth, Nauplius stage changes
directly into the first Cyclopid stage.

Cyclopid Stages.

Between the last nauplius found and the free-swimming
adult condition I distinguish five stages, probably corre-
sponding to as many moults. As figures are given of these
stages, it is only necessary to add a short summary of the
changes that characterize them. :

bo
eo

Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 4:

Stage 1. First Cyclopid (Pl. XIII. fig. a) :

Antenna 1 indistinctly four-jointed.

Antenna 2 five-jointed as in the adult, but without
accessory claws.

Mandibles and maxille as in the adult.

Leg 1 with indications of two joints in each ramus.

Leg 2 with one-jointed rami.

Leg 3 simple papilla.

Leg 4 indicated beneath the skin.

Body: four thoracic segments distinct ; posterior region
unsegmented,

Stage 2 (Pl. XIII. fig. 2) :

Antenna 1 distinctly four-jointed.

Antenna 2 and mouth-parts as before.

Legs 1 to 3 with two-jointed rami.

Leg 4 simple papille.

Body: five thoracic segments distinct ; abdomen un-
segmented.

Stage 3 (PI. XIIL fig. c) :

Antenne and mouth-parts as before.
Legs 1 to 3 with two-jointed rami,

Leg 4 with rami one-jointed.

Leg 5 indicated by a seta, but no papilla.
Abdomen of two segments.

Stage 4 (Pl. XIII. fig. d):

First differentiation of sex.

Appendages as before, with the exception that the fifth
pair of legs is present and in the male the maxilli-
pede is present as an unjointed papilla.

Abdomen three-jointed (PI. XII. fig. 1, a, a’).

Stage 5 (Pl. XIII. fig. e):

In the male maxillipede with indication of joints.

In both sexes leg 4 two-jointed.

Abdomen four-jointed (Pl. XII. fig. 1, 4, d’).

In the female the first abdominal segment has increased
in size.

424 On the Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei.
Stage 6 (PI. XIII. fig. f, 3):

Free-swimming adult.

In both sexes the adult form is assumed for all ap-
pendages, and the abdomen in the male becomes
five-jointed.

Systematic Position.

Wilson * has already discussed the relationship of Thers-
tina and Ergasilus, and has come to the conclusion that the
two genera are distinct; and with this conclusion I am in
agreement. The differences between the genera are, how-
ever, very small, the most important being the inclusion of
the second thoracic segment in the globular cephalothorax
of the adult female and the structure of the antenne. The
mouth-parts differ somewhat in structure, but are the same in
number as in Hrgasilus.

The genus contains but one species, 7’. gasterostec (Pagen-
stecher), since 7. biwncinatus (Gadd) is certainly indistin-
guishable from it.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

IP PATH Xe

Thersitina gasterostet, mature female. Leg 1 on right side and
legs 2 and 3 on left omitted.

PLATE XI.

Fig. a. Ventral view of male (adult).

Fig. b. Ventral view of female (free-swimming adult).

Fig. c. Mouth-parts of adult egg-bearing female. The second maxilla of
the right side removed and the first maxilla somewhat displaced.

Fig. d. First maxilla isolated.

Fig. e. First and second maxille isolated.

PLATE XII.

Fig.1. Abdomen of larva in stage 4 and 5. a, a’, stage 4, male and
female; 6, 6', stage 5, male and female.

. First Nauplius immediately after hatching.

. Second Nauplius six days old.

. third Nauplius eleven days old.

. Fourth Nauplius.

Fg.

Ug.
Fig:
Fug.

Sue Co bo

PLATE XIII.

Figs. a-e. Five Cyclopid stages.
Fug. f. Adult male.

* Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxix. 1911, p. 349.

On the Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma. 425

LI.—Synopsis of the Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma, with
Descriptions of new Species and an allied new Genus. By
G. J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue species of Ancistrosoma were reviewed by Sallé in 1886
(Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 465), and corrections of his
classification were published by himself in the following year
(Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1887, p. 127) and by Brenske in
1890 (Wien. ent. Zeit. ix. p. 1388). Sallé regarded A. vitii-
gerum, Er., as identical with A. flavovittatum, Bl., while
Breuske declared it to be a distinct species ; but neither has
distinguished it from A. klugi, Curtis, from which Erichson
separated it only by the occurrence of a pair of setose spots
on the pronotum. As this is a variable feature in A. klugi,
I see no reason to doubt that Erichson’s two forms are con-
specific and both belong to A. klugi. The study of the
genitalia shows this insect, which ranges from Ecuador to
Bolivia, to be a very variable one; but in the British Mu-
seum collection I have found specimens from the Fry
Collection, not separated from it and occurring like it in
Peru, which certainly belong to another yet undescribed
species. . Other specimens in the collection are also un-
described, and as two of them are of economic importance,
I have thought it opportune to prepare a synoptical revision
of the genus. ‘The most remarkable feature of the genus is
the ventral spine at the base of the abdomen of the males ;
and it is a curious fact that in many females a detinite
corresponding patch is found denuded of setz near the end
of the suture, whilst in fresh specimens it is absent.

Sallé gives as a specific character of A. melolonthoides (of
which the type has been kindly lent me by M. Oberthiir)
the bifurcation of the claws of the middle and hind feet ;
but it seems probable that this applies to the male alone,
and that, as occurs in all the other species, all the claws are
bifid in the female.

The species can be distinguished as follows :—

Elytra with setose sulei; front and middle claws
of ¢ simple.

Flytral sets dark coloured. ..............65- rufipes, Latr.
Elytral setze dark and light coloured ........ intermedium, sp. 0.

Second elytral stripe produced forward.
Pronotum without median line; femora
SNC) CM Taig ce hu was coun a buckleyi, Sallé.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 31

426 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Pronotum with median line; legs red.
Elytra with sutural line of sete abbre-

Wintedls ge sseNe bah As bie ee a epee ie klugi, Curtis.
Elytra with sutural line of sete entire.. flavovittatum, Bl.
Second elytral stripe abbreviated .......... hilare, sp. n.
Second elytral stripe absent .............. blanchardi, Sallé.

Elytra without sulci; front claws of ¢ simple
(except in A. farinosum).
Pronotum setose, with shining bare patches.
Dorsal setee deep yellow; coste not well

marked.) 72.0. pith ude ieeiane ne thane tobagoensis, sp. 0.
Dorsal setze grey; costs well marked.
Scutellum clothed with short sete ...... melolonthoides, Sallé.
Scutellum clothed with long sete (all
claws bid) ta. tee se ste come Cee Sarinosum, Sallé.
Pronotum covered with pale sete, with minute
opaque bare spots in 2 only............ trinitatis, sp. 0.

Ancistrosoma intermedium, sp. un. (Figs. 1, 1a.)

Nigrum, pedibus rufis, flavo-hirtis, capite flavo-setoso, pronoto
anguste flavo-cincto, linea mediana vittisque duabus fuseo-setosis ;
scutello flavo-setoso; elytris trisulcatis, sulcis setosis, setis
minutis, partis anticee fuscis, partis posticee flavis:

g, clypeo bilobato, lobis brevibus, latis; processu abdominali
valido, postice fortiter angulato.

Long. 27:°5-30 mm. ; lat. max. 11°5-12°5 mm.

Hab. Peru.
This has a very close resemblance to A. klugi, but the sete
with which the upper surface is decorated are longer and

less scale-like and not uniform in colour, those occupying
the central part of the pronotum and the anterior part of the
elytral sulci being almost black, while those of the marginal

Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma, 497

line of the pronotum and the posterior part of the sulci are
yellow. There is a gradation in the latter, the dark and
light scales being intermixed in the middle. The species is
thus intermediate between A. klugi and A. rufipes, the sete
or scales upon the upper surface of the latter being of the
same narrow shape but entirely dark coloured, while in
A. klugi they are entirely light. The lobes ef the clypeus
are shorter and broader in the male of A. intermedium than
in either of the other forms, and the body generally is a
little stouter and less elongate. The ventral process is
rather broad and strongly angulated behind near the base.
The edeagus is shown in fig. la and that of A. klugi in
fig. 1b.
“I do not know the female.

Ancistrosoma hilare, sp. un.

Fusco-brunneum, nitidum, pronoto nigro, pedibus (abdominisque
plerumque extremitate) flavibus, capite toto, pronoti margine et
linea minuta mediana antica, elytrorum vitta lata subsuturali,
secunda multo abbreviata margineque externa postica setis vel
squamis lete aurantiacis ornatis, pectore dense, pedibus seg-
mentorumque ventralium marginibus haud dense flavo-hirsutis :

3, clypeo acute bidentato, pygidio inflexo, setis flavis late mar-
ginato, medio levissimo, abdomine apice excavato, processu basali
valido, fere recto, haud acuto:

2 , clypei margine antico subtilissime biarcuato, fere recto, pygidio
leviter convexo, zequaliter setoso, linea angusta mediana denudata.

Long. 26-30 mm.; lat. max. 11-12 mm.

Hab. Peru (ex coll. Mniszech), Colombia.

A male and two females were included in an interesting
series of Ancistrosoma kindly submitted to me by M. René
Oberthiir, who, possessing the types of Sallé’s descriptions,
has enabled me to examine all the species of the genus
hitherto known. One of the two females is the type now in
the British Museum.

The sete with which this species is decorated are of a rich
orange colour, and those of the pronotum and elytra assume
the form of fairly large oval scales. The pronotum has only
a narrow border and a trace of a median line in the anterior
part. The scutellum is almost devoid of sete. The elytra
have each a broad stripe near the suture, a very short one
adjacent to it, sometimes a few scales representing a third
stripe, and a short marginal border at the posterior part of
the outer edge. It is closely related to A. blanchardi, Sallé,

but more massively built, with larger, broader, and more
aL?

428 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

brightly coloured scales, forming a wider sutural stripe and
a second one much abbreviated at each end. The third is
almost or entirely lost.

Ancistrosoma tobagoensis, sp. n. (Figs. 2, 2a.)

Nigrum, elytris pedibusque flavidis, setis minutis flavis fere ubique
tectum, capitis, pronoti scutellique setis rufescentioribus, pronoto
utringue late denudato, areis denudatis setis sparsutis antice
divisis, scutelli setis longioribus et erectis; utrisque elytris tri-
costatis, costis angustis, antice denudatis; pygidio linea angusta
mediana denudata notato :

3, clypeo reflexo margine antico fere recto, pygidio convexo,
inflexo; segmento ventrali primo processu recto valde obliquo
armato ; pedum 4 posticorum unguibus fissis :

2, clypeo lato, levissime bilobato; pygidio brevi, planato ; ungui-
bus omnibus fissis.

Long. 18-20 mm.; lat. max. 8-9 mm.

Hab. Tobago.

This is very easily recognizable by the deep yellow
(orange-yellow in the anterior part) colour of the sete with
which almost the whole surface is covered, except the large,
smooth, lateral patches of the pronotum. ‘The sete are

smaller and less elongate than in A. trinitalis. The head,
scutellum, elytra, and lower surface are closely clothed with
them, the three coste of each elytra forming denuded lines,
which are so narrow as to be quite inconspicuous to the
naked eye except at the anterior end. The humeral and

Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma. 429

apical callosities are also denuded. The pronotum has a
border and a longitudinal median band of orange sete, and
the large, smooth, lateral patches remaining are divided
anteriorly by an irregular patch of sets projecting back-
wards from the front margin on each side. ‘The pronotum
is rather transverse, with all four aagles acute and the sides
strongly bent in the middle. The clypeus is only very
minutely notched in the middle in the female, straight and
reflexed in the male. ‘The basal ventral segment of the
latter is armed with a nearly straight process directed
obliquely backwards.

Specimens were taken in numbers by Mr. W. E. Broad-
way, who found them destroying the young foliage of the
mountain Immortelle (Erythrina) i in June of this year.

Ancistrosoma trinitatis, sp.u. (Figs. 3, 3a.)

Testaceum, corpore supra setis pallide flavis, subtus setis griseis
ubique sat crebre vestito, pedibus minus dense flavo-pilosis,
clypeo antice fere recto; pronoto transverso, antice modice
angustato, lateribus medio leviter angulatis, angulis anticis fere
rectis, posticis acute productis; scutello setis ut in dorsi reliquo
vestito, elytris costis angustis vix nudis instructis :

3, clypeo leviter reflexo, utrinque obtuse angulato ; pygidio inflexo,
convexo, linea brevi longitudinali mediana levi ‘ornato, segmento
ventrali primo medio minute producto vel spinoso, pedum 4
posticorum unguibus fissis :

2, pronoto postice plagis minutis duabus denudatis subopacis
instructo; pygidio brevi planato ; unguibus omnibus fissis.

Long. 17-20 mm.; lat. max, 8-9 mm.

Hab. Trinidad. |

This insect has the generic features at their lowest deve-
lopment. Almost the whole surface is covered with narrow
scales or sete, the elytral costz, although denuded on the
summit, being very narrow and not conspicuous. The
clypeus is not bilobed, but nearly straight at the front
margin. The general form and size are those of A. fari-
nosum, but a little less elongate, and the pronotum is rather
broader, less narrowed in front, and less angulated at the
sides. The scutellum is clothed, except at its edge, with
sete only a little longer than those of the pronotum and
elytra.

6. The abdomen is strongly arched and the legs are
slender. The front margin of the clypeus is gently excised
and the angles rather sharply marked. The first abdominal
segment is. produced in the middle as a minute spine, but in

430 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

small individuals this is almost or entirely obsolete. The
pygidium is long and incurved, and bears a narrow, longitu-
dinal, smooth line. The front claws are simple and the rest
cleft:

?. The abdomen is short and stout and the legs are
much shorter than those of the male. The clothing of the

upper surface is a little less dense, the sete being rather
less numerous. There is a small, round, denuded patch on
each side of the base of the pronotum; the pygidium is
short and rather flat, and the claws are all cleft at the tip.
It appears to be common in Trinidad, and was found by
Mr. F. W. Urich eating leaves of the cacao-tree in May.

PECTINOSOMA, gen, Noy.

Corpus angustum, attenuatum. Caput parvum. Oculi haud promi-
nentes. Clypeus brevis, margine antico recto. Antennee 9-arti-
culate. Pronotum hexagonum, elongatum. Prosternum postice
oblique productum, utrinque planatum, apice bifidum. Pedes
graciles ; coxa intermedi et postice late distantes ; tibice antice
haud fortiter bidentatz ; tarsi omnes sat longi et crassi, singulo
apice pilis 4 longis divergentibus instructo; ungues longi, integri.
Metasternum et abdomen subtus late excavati, hujus segmentum
penultimum lamina horizontali postice minute dentata munitum.

Pectinosoma elongatum, sp.n. (Figs. 4, 4a.)

Nigrum, clypeo, elytrorum marginibus anguste pedibusque cas-
taneis; corpore supra opaco, minute nigro-setoso, marginibus
extremis omnibus, scutello, suturaque, setis albis multo majoribus

Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma. 431

ornatis ; capite parvo, rude et confluenter punctato, oculis haud

prominentibus, clypeo brevi, antice fere recto; pronoto conyexo,

angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis, lateribus medio valde

angulatis ; elytris dense punctatis et setosis, vix costatis; pro-

pygidio longo, eodem modo sculpturato, pygidio longo, antice

nitido, parce punctato, postice crebre punctato et flavo-setoso.
Long. 17 mm.; lat. max. 6 mm.

Hab. Brirish Gurana: Mt. Roraima.

Although I know only the male of the insect for which
this genus is formulated, its characteristics are so peculiar
and striking that no other course is possible than to so deal
with it, while its close relationship to Ancistrosoma is equally
evident.

Fig. 4.

The body is exceedingly elongate and the last two abdo-
minal segments are entirely uncovered by the elytra. The
middle and hind coxz are widely separated and the thorax
and abdomen alike are hollowed out to the full width of
their ventral surface. The prosternum forms a conspicuous
bifid process behind the front coxee. The whole of the lower
surface, with the exception of the last segment of the abdo-
men, is clothed with short yellowish hair, which becomes
long and thick round the edges of the hollowed surface.
The penultimate segment bears a rectangular process directed
horizontally backwards. ‘The straight posterior edge of this
process bears a row of very short broad bristles, twelve in
number, placed in close contact and truncated at the end,
presenting the appearance of a set of incisor teeth. This
curious comb-like appendage arises beyond the middle of
the segment, which is excavated beneath it and projects only
a little way beyond its hind margin. The terminal segment

432 Mr. H. B. Preston on

is smooth, broad, and truncated at the end. The clypeus is
short, with its front edge straight and slightly reflexed.
The antenne are 9-jointed. The pronotum is distinctly
longer than wide and greatly contracted in front and behind,
without the tooth in the middle of the hind margin and
corresponding notch in the scutellum so characteristic of
Ancistrosoma. he legs are long, slender, and thinly clothed
with long hair, the front tibiz bearing two rather feeble
teeth. The claws are simple, long, and slender, and each
claw-joint bears at the end four very long fine hairs, placed
at equal distances round the base of the claws and pointing
outwards.

Many of these features are no doubt peculiar to the male
seX.

LIl.—New minute Terrestrial and Aquatic Mollusca from
the Dutch Kast Indian Island of Beilan-Beilan, with
Descriptions of Four new Genera and Subgenera. By
BH BOPRESTON, F.Z..8.

THE islet of Beilan-Beilan, in which the species of which
diagnoses are below given were collected, is situated to the
north of Great Obi or Ombirah Island, in lat. 1° 20’ S. and
long. 127° 27’ E. Through the great kindness of the owner,
Mr. Diepenheim, two bags of dead leaves were received from
this island, which, when thoroughly sifted, were found to
contain a very large number of mollusca, in the sorting of,
and search for, which the author has been greatly assisted by
his indefatigable friend Mr. T. Iredale.

In addition to the species here enumerated, pieces of
several large species (probably Helicoids) were also discovered,
but these were of a tar too fragmentary nature to allow of
recoguition or description.

As the island, originally covered with jungle, is destined
to be cleared and planted with coconuts, it is to be feared that,
if not all, at any rate the greater part, of these interesting
species are doomed to extinction at an early date.

In the present paper no figures are given, but it is hoped
by the author to write further papers on "the island, when
this will be duly done.

Charopa moluccensis, sp. 0.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, orbicular,

Mollusca from the Island ef Betlan-Beilan. 433

very depressed, almost planulate, dark reddish brown, glossy ;
whorls 3, regularly increasing, angled above, sculptured
throughout with fine, closely set, transverse costule, crossed
by fine spiral striae, which are especially noticeable on the
first whorl anda little beyond; suture deeply impressed,
wide, rather deep; columella margin descending in a slight
curve; labrum simple, the margins converging ; aperture
broadly and slightly oblique, subcrescentic.

Alt. °5 (nearly), diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (Mr. Diepenheim).

Bertani, subgen. nu. (Ptychodon).

Shell depressed, orbicular, widely umbilicate, bearing two
horizontal lamelle on the lower portion of the parietal wall ;
outer wall edentulate ; apical whorls (as seen under a 1-inch
objective) spirally striate.

Hab. Moluccas.

Genotype. B. inopina, Preston.

This and the preceding species considerably extend the
known range of the Hndodontide.

Betlania inopina, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, orbicular,
subplanulate, clocolate-coloured ; whorls nearly 4 in number,
the first whorl and a half spirally, punctately lirate, the
remainder coarsely, moderately distantly, and_ slightly
arcuately, transversely costulate, the interstices bearing very
fine and closely set transverse striee, crossed by still finer
spiral strive, thus presenting a minutely cancellate appear-
ance, the last whorl a little descending in front; suture
rather deep; umbilicus very wide; aperture ovate, armed
below the periphery with two coarse, erect, entering lamellze
on the parietal wall ; labrum simple, the margins converging.

Alt. °75, diam, maj. 1°75 mm.

Hab. {sland of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch Kast Indies (Mr. Diepenheim).

DIEPENHEIMIA, gen. noy.

Shell heliciform, corneous, perforate, having a widely
grooved suture, which is continued on the last whorl asa
supraperipheral channel.

Hab. Moluceas.

Genotype. LD. iridescens, Preston.

434 Mr. H. B. Preston on

The author has much pleasure in dedicating the present
genus to Mr. Diepenheim, through whose good offices, as
explained in the opening lines of this paper, all the species
described herein were obiained.

Both the above new genera, judging by the shell-characters
alone, should be placed in the family Zonttide,

Diepenheimia tridescens, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) perforate, small,
suborbicular, depressedly conoid, yellowish brown, corneous,
polished, shining, highly iridescent ; whorls 4, regularly
increasing, the last gradually and slightly descending in
front, channelled and carinate just above the periphery ;
apical whorls smooth, the later whorls marked with radiate
erowth-lines and sculptured with indistinct, rather closely
set, spiral strise ; suture narrowly, callously margined above,
deeply and iather widely channelled below, the sutural
channel being continued as the supra-peripheral channel on
the last whorl; base of shell somewhat inflated, bearing the
same sculpture as on the spire; umbilicus narrow, deep ;
columella margin descending in an angular curve ; labrum
acute, notched at the termination of the supra-peripheral
channel; aperture very obliquely subcrescentiic.

Alt. 1:25, diam. maj. 2°75, diam. min. 2°5 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (ddr. Diepenheim).

WILHELMINAIA, gen. nov.

Shell corneous, turbinate, perforate, sculptured throughout
with very fine, spiral, punctate strive.

Hab. Moluccas.

Genotype. W. mathilde, Preston.

Withelminaia mathilde, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, globosely
but rather depressedly turbinate, polished, shining, pale
brown ; whorls nearly 4 in number, regularly increasing,
sculptured with fine, punctate, spiral striz, crossed by fine,
regular, transverse, hair-like growth-strize, which are more
closely set on the earlier whorls; suture rather lightly im-
pressed, margined above; base of shell somewhat convex ;
umbilicus extremely narrow; columella margin very ob-
ae otal descending, slightly curved, and outwardly dilated ;
labrum simple ; aperture oblique, subcrescentie.

Mollusca from the Island of Beilan-Beilan. 435

Alt. 1, diam, maj. 1°55 mm.
Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (Mr. Diepenheim).

Wilhelminata minuscula, sp. n

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) very minute,
turbinate, reddish brown, somewhat shining; whorls 4, regu-
larly increasing, sculptured with extremely fine, wavy, spiral,
punctate striz crossed by fine transverse strize ; suture im-
pressed, margined below; perforation reduced to a mere
chink ; columella vertically descending above, then angled
and very oblique below, outwardly dilated ; labrum simple ;
aperture very oblique, sublunate.

Alt. °5, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch Hast Indies (dr. Diepenheim).

The species is, in many respects, a miniature of W. ma-

thilde.

Opeas diepenheimi, sp. 0.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) imperforate, fusi-
formly cylindrical, with obtuse apex, yellowish white ;
whorls 6, the first much flattened above, the second very large
in proportion, the remaining four convex, the apical whorls
shining, sculptured with exceedingly fine, wavy, spiral striz,
the later whorls closely and finely transversely costulate ;
suture well impressed; columella vertically descending
above, obliquely below, slightly bulging in the median part,
narrowly outwardly reflexed, and diffused above into a narrow,
somewhat restricted, and moderately well-defined parietal
callus which reaches to the upper margin of the labrum ;
labrum acute, a little dilated below, bent slightly inwards
over the aperture above ; aperture inversely auriform.

Alt. 5, diam. maj. 2 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1°5, diam. *5 mm.

Hab, Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch Hast Indies (Mr. Diepenheim).

HENpDRIKIA, subgen. n. (Scarabus).

Shell minute, narrowly perforate, with excentric, mamillary,
corneous, nepionic whorls, of which the second is densely
spirally pitted.

Hab. Moluceas.

Genotype. H. mirifica, Preston.

436 Mr. H. B. Preston on

Hendrikia mirifica, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, laterally
compressed, ovate, with turrite, exserted spire, the nepionic
whorls greyish, the rethainder datk chestuut, the last orna-
mented with three broad spiral bands of a ‘pale brownish
colour; whorls 7, the first two mamillary, the third small;
the fourth, fifth, and sixth regularly increasing, the seventh
large; the last five whorls sculptured with moderately
closely set, transverse costule which in places appear to be
pitted ; sutureimpressed ; umbilicus very narrow ; columella
margin outwardly curved, broad ; labrum simple ; aperture
slightly oblique, narrow, elongate, bearing on the parietal
wall an elongate tooth, and a large depression just below the
median part, below which is situate a hollow and rather deep
lamella-like tooth entering the shell at right angles to the
tooth above; the columella is armed with a broad, entering,
and somewhat concave lamella, and below this a projection
which entirely bars the extreme base of the aperture, while
on the inner margin of the outer lip are situate five denticles,
of which the first and fourth from above are very small (the
latter being rather more interiorly situate than the others)
and the fitth or lowest the largest, with an upwardly curving
tendency.

Alt. 3:25 (nearly), diam. maj. 2 (nearly), diam. min.
1:25 mm.

Aperture; alt. 1, diam. *5 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (dr. Diepenheim).

Melanopsis dos, sp. n

Shell small, decollated, fusiform, ovate, dark olive, indis-
pee banded on the last whorl with dark brown; remaining
whorls 2, the last long, subangulate above and below the
periphery, marked with fine transverse growth-plications ;
suture lightly impressed ; columella margin vertically
descending, slightly curved above, rather abruptly truncate
below; labrum simple; aperture elongate, narrow above,
broadening in the median part, bearing a coarse whitish
callosity on the upper portion of the parietal wall,

Alt. 5, diam. maj. 2°75, diam. min. 2°5 mm.

Aperture : alt. 3, diam. °75 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan- era to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch Kast Indies (Mr. Diepenhetm).

Mollusca from the Island of Beilan-Beilan. 437

Cyclotus betlanensis, sp. n.

Shell rather small, depressedly turbinate, pinkish-livid,
painted with an infra-peripheral band of blackish brown, and
covered with a coarse, chestnut-brown, finely scabrous peri-
ostracum ; whorls 334, the earlier whorls (when seen under a
1-inch objective) bearing traces of fine spiral liration and the
last two rather finely, transversely costulate ; suture impressed,
umbilicus somewhat wide, deep ; labrum simple, the margins
converging, a polished, well-defined, parietal callus stretching
between the two; aperture circular; operculum white, calca-
reous, slightly concave, multispiral, with central nucleus and
obliquely, transversely laminiferous, grooved below round
the outer margin.

Alt. 4:5, diam. maj. 9, diam. min. 7°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4, diam. 4 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (Mfr. Diepenheim).

Platyraphe iredalet, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a l-inch objective) small, discoidal,
yellowish white below its coarse agglutination of foreign
matter; whorls 3, the first two horny, considerably exserted,
the last calcareous, planulate, sculptured with slightly oblique
transverse costulz, all three being spirally lirate; suture
impressed; umbilicus broad, open; labrum simple, acute,
continuous ; aperture circular; operculum calcareous, con-
cave, laminiferous, multispiral, with smooth, central, rather
shallow, cup-like nucleus.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 5, diam. min. 3°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1:5, diam. 1°5 mm.

The ahove dimensions are calculated as far as possible to
exclude the agglutinated matter.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (dr. Diepenheim).

Diplommatina radivformis, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a l-inch objective) small, radiiform,
rather solid, flesh-coloured above, shading to pule yellow
below ; whorls 7, the first five convex, regularly increasing,
the sixth considerably swollen and angled at the periphery,
the last decreasing in breadth and scarcely angled, the first
two smooth, the remainder obliquely, transversely costulate,
the interstices sculptured with slightly wavy spiral strize ;

438 On Mollusca from the Island of Beilan- Beilan.

suture well impressed, coarsely crenellated by the termina-
tions of the transverse costulz; columella obliquely descending,
bearing somewhat interiorly a small downwardly directed
denticle in its median part, and spreading above into a thick,
well-defined, parietal callus, which reaches the upper margin
of the labrum and gives to it a subcontinuous appearance ;
labrum triple, outwardly expanded and reflexed, the inner
margin somewhat minutely granular ; aperture circular, pale
yellow ; operculum unknown.

Alt. 2°5, diam. maj. 1:25 (nearly) mm.

Hab, Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (fr. Diepenheim).

Palaina beilanensis, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, rather
shortly cylindrical, yellowish brown ; whorls 5, the first very
small, the second proportionately large, the third and fourth
regularly increasing, the last somewhat decreasing both in
leneth and breadth, the first three smooth, the last two
obliquely costulate ; suture impressed ; peristome continuous,
laminiferous, outwardly expanded, and reflexed, bearing two
Jaminiferous ridges on the whorl immediately behind ;
aperture large, circular ; operculum unknown.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch Hast Indies (Jl. Diepenheim).

Diancta diepenheimi, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) cylindrical, but
for the last whorl, yellowish flesh-colour; whorls 7, the first
two very small, the third and fourth lar ge in proportion and
rapidly increasing, the fifth and sixth rapidly i increasing 1n
length but not in breadth, the seventh much smaller, con-
tracted, and towards the aperture rapidly forsaking the
direction of the axis of the shell, the two apical whorls
smooth, the remainder obliquely and slightly distantly costu-
late, the interstices sculptured with fine, wavy, spiral strie ;
suture impressed ; labrum continuous, tinged with a reddish-
golden line, the inner margin erect, the outer outwardly
expanded and reflexed; aperture circular ; operculum un-
known.

Alt. 3:5 (nearly), diam. maj. 1°5, diam. min. 1 mm.

Aperture: alt. °75, diam. ‘75 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (A/r. Diepenheim).

On a new Variety of Polydesmus coriaceus. 439

Moussonia ahena, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a l-inch objective) subulately fusi-
form, bronze-brown ; whorls 8, the first two smooth, rounded,
regularly increasing, the third proportionately broader, this
and the remainder strongly angled at the periphery, sculptured
with very oblique transverse costule ; suture well impressed ;
columella margin tinged with reddish bronze, descending in a
curve and considerably outwardly dilated, bearing interiorly
a rather coarse, downwardly sloping, projecting tooth ;
labrum continuous, granular, outwardly expanded, scarcely
reflexed ; aperture subcircular; operculum unknown.

Alt. 2°75, diam. maj. 1 (about) mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi
Islands, Dutch East Indies (Jf. Diepenheim).

LIII.—A new Variety of Polydesmus coriaceus, Porat, and
Note on a Centipede Monstrosity. By C.M. Srwpte, B.Sc.

DurinG the excursions held by the Belfast Naturalists’
Field Club in May of the present year, in celebration of the
fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of the club, a number
of Myriapods were collected and were forwarded to me for
examination. Among them is a specimen of Polydesmus
coriaceus, Porat, which belongs to a_hitherto-undescribed
variety.

In outward appearance it agrees exactly with typical
individuals of the species ; it is only when the “ copulatory
feet” of the seventh segment are examined that any difference
becomes apparent.

The most characteristic feature is the form of the extre-
mity of the seminal branch (fig.1, a). This is expanded into
a broad double-edged blade shaped like a battle-axe, the two
sides being quite equal and symmetrical. Beneath the
opening of the seminal duct, which is furnished, as usual,
with a group of bristles, there is a sharp tooth or process
directed downwards (4); on the other side of the seminal
branch, and slightly nearer the base, there is a blunt
knob (e).

The outer branch is very similar to that of typical
specimens. Near the tip it bears one small tooth on the
external margin (d). This, however, is not likely to be a
constant character, as similar teeth are sometimes present and

440 Mr. C. M. Selbie on

sometimes wanting in normal specimens. The tooth e near
the middle of the branch is rather blunt and not very easily
seen, owing to its being situated at the point where the
thickening of the branch begins.

Fig. 1.

i
i

The variety, which I propose to call P. coriaceus, var.
securiformis, in reference to the shape of the seminal branch,
is at present represented by a single specimen taken on a log
of wood at Murlough Bay, Antrim.

T am glad to have this opportunity of expressing my grati-
tude to Dr. H. W. Brélemann, of Pau, for valuable informa-
tion with regard to the varieties of P. cor/aceus found in
France.

A Peculiar Specimen of Stigmatogaster subterraneus, Leach.

I am indebted to Prof. Carpenter, of the Royal College of
Science, Dublin, for the opportunity of describing this
specimen, which was sent to him recently with some others
from Kilfinane, in Limerick, where they were found in
potatoes.

a Centipede Monstrosity. 441

The anterior and middle portions of the body are those
of a perfectly normal specimen, but two segments in front of
the last leg-bearing segment it splits into two halves, both
of which are completely developed—externally, at least. The
left branch is more nearly in a direct line with the rest of

Fig. 2,

the body than the right, which is slightly twisted towards
the other, so that the dorsal shields are directed outwards.
Each branch bears three pairs of perfectly developed legs,
including the long and thin anal pair with their large inflated
coxze covered with pores. The ventral plate of the segment

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 32

442, On a Centipede Monstrosity.

where the division takes place is very broad, and serves both
branches, though its larger part is on the left. Stigmata are
present on both halves,

As seen from the dorsal aspect, the coalescence of the two
parts is not so sudden and complete as on the lower side
(cf. figs. 2 and 3). They are firmly joined at the second

On Tpidee and Platypodidee from India and Burma. 443

seement in front of that which bears the anal legs, but the
dorsal shields do not run completely across the body till a
point three segments before this, and each of these segments
bears two stigmata on the dorsally-turned pleural surfaces.
The specimen was slightly damaged before it reached me,
and was not in good condition for dissection, but the main
points with regard to the internal organs could be made out.
The mid-gut splits a short distance in front of the division,
one branch running into each half of the body. Behind the
split each branch is slightly convoluted, and then continues
straight. A pair of Malpighian tubes mark the division
between mid- and hind-gut in the right branch, but they are
absent in the left. On the other hand, though both branches
have externally the appearance of belonging to a female, the
internal sexual organs are present only in the left branch,
and are wanting in theright. ‘he nerve-cord sends a branch
into each half of the body, the ganglion where the division
takes place being more than twice as large as the others of

the ventral chain.

LIV. — Some hitherto-undescribed Ipide and Platypodidze
from India and Burma. By Lt.-Col. WINN Sampson,

F.E.S.

AXyleborus velatus, sp. n.

Ferrugineo-brunneus, compactus, prothorace subquadrato, rugis
transversis exasperato, postice sparsim subtiliter punctato;
elytris longitudinaliter pulvinato-convexis, striato-punctatis,
interstitiis postice uniseriatim piliferis punctulatis, declivitate
tuberculis ornata, margine apicali subtilissime carinato.

Long. 2°6 mm.

Loc. Tharrawaddy, L. Burma (EL. P. Stebbing).

Reddish brown ; front subconvex with the anterior half
unevenly and coarsely punctured, except the centre over the
mouth, which is smooth and shiny as in X. fornicatus, the
posterior portion finely shagreened ; prothorax very nearly
as broad as long, with the sides narrowed slightly anteriorly
before the middle, the anterior edge almost straight, the
anterior and posterior angles obétusely rounded, the upper
surface moderately convex, the disc being transversely
elevated, the anterior part very coarsely transversely rough

and having a few interspersed hairs, posteriorly very shiny
32*

44 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on .

and slightly punctured ; scutellum triangular, transverse, and
shiny black : ; elytra the same breadth as the prothorax and
very little longer, sides slightly rounded and the breadth
decreasing somewhat to the bluntly rounded apex, longi-
tudinally very convex, punctate-striate, the interstices with
a single row of piliferous punctures almost to the declivity,
from thence to the apex having uniseriate, short, and sharp-
pointed tubercles, the apical margin slightly but acutely
elevated ; the anterior femora in some specimens are paler in
colour than the tibie.

‘his species seems allied to several already described from
the East Indies, but is probably nearest to X. fornicatus,
Kichh., from which it differs in having a more convex

surface, much more prominent tubercles, a difference in shape
of the prothorax, &c.

Xyleborus improbus, sp. n.

Oblongus, subnitidus, nigro-brunneus, prothorace semigloboso
gibbo, antice exasperato, postice subtiliter punctato; elytris quam
prothorace fere duplo longioribus, striato-punctatis, interstitiis
subplanis, 2° biseriatim, cetera uniseriatim punctatis; 2° in
summa declivitate parva spina una, 3° spinis parvis ornato,

Long. 3 mm,

Loc. Darjeeling (B. B, Osmaston).

Front black, subconvex, just above the mouth are two
coarsely punctured depressions separated by a slight longi-
tudinal elevation, the posterior surface is finely reticulate ;
prothorax subglobose, anteriorly asperate, transversely gibbous,
posteriorly finely shagreened and sparsely granulate, with a
very small cluster of piliferous punctures at the centre of the
base. The scutellum black, transverse, and bee: punctate.
Elytra equal in breadth to the prothorax and about half as
long again, subparallel-sided, with the apex somewhat bluntly
rounded ; striate-punctate, the punctures being variolose in
character ; ; there is a double irregular row of punctures on
the second interstice up to the commencement of the declivity,
where there is a short sharp spine, the declivous portion
having a single row of minute punctures, each furnished with
a very long hair ; the third interstice has two or three small
spines on the declivity, which is depressed on each side of
the suture ; the striz are sinuous outwards towards the apex,
which is marginate. Somewhat similar to X. horridus,
Kichh., but most nearly allied to my species, X. niger, from

the Ruby Mines, Burma (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. x., August 1912, p, 247).

Ipide and Platypodide from India and Burma. 445

Xyleborus nowius, sp. n.

@. Oblongus, subnitidus, nigro-piceus, prothorace subquadrato,
lateribus et apice leviter singulatim rotundatis, dorso gibboso,
postice sublevi; elytris lineato-punctatis, interstitiis planis,
seriato-setosis, declivitate obliqua, subnitida, subtus acute
marginata, striis ad apicem vix sinuatis, interstitiis granulis
elevatis parvis post medium equaliter notatis.

Long. 2°5 mm.

Loc. 8. Malabar, Madras (EZ. P. Stebbing).

Oblong, shiny, pale piceous, sparsely hairy. Front
convex, strongly punctured, with an indistinct median longi-
tudinal line. Prothorax subquadrate, although with sides and
apex slightly rounded, obtusely angled at base, anteriorly
granulate-asperate, posteriorly shining and very finely reti-
culate and punctate. Scutellum shiny, black, and triangular.
Elytra as wide as the prothorax, but hardly any longer, the
sides subparallel, bluntly rounded at the apex, with a very
slight acute margin ; surface cylindrical to about the middle
and from there obliquely declivous, the punctures shallow
and variolose, and the interstices flat with uniseriate piliferous
punctures, becoming tuberculate before the declivity, which
1s very slightly less shining than the rest of the elytra.

This species is almost exactly similar to X. andamanens?s,
Blandf., and can only be separated from the latter by its
shorter and much narrower figure and the shiny and more
abrupt declivity.

Xyloterus intermedius, sp. n.

3g. Oblongus, brunneus, pilis longis adspersis, fronte depressa,
clava antennarum ovali; prothorace depresso, subtiliter asperato ;
elytris unicoloribus, subtiliter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis
multipunctatis, apice obtuso.

Long. 3°2 mm.

@. Oblongus, brunneus, fronte subconvexa, clava antennarum
ovali; prothorace subgloboso, dorso ultra medium gibboso,
anterius exasperato, posterius subtiliter rugoso; elytris ut in
mari.

Long. 3°65 mm.

Loc. Bashahr State, N.W. Himalayas (2. P. Stebbing).

Male.—Head brown, front slightly concave and pubescent,
coarsely punctured, two depressions just above the epistoma
separated by a median longitudinal carina; eyes bipartite ;
the antennal scape and funiculus, in most specimens, darker
than the club, which is closely covered with pale pubescence,

44G Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

solid, obtusely rounded apically; prothorax brown, trans-
verse and depressed, constricted in front and without
tubercles on the anterior margin, apex and sides clothed
with longish hairs, the whole surface finely asperate.
Scutellum bluntly triangular. Elytra the same colour as
the prothorax and not quite twice as long, very slightly
narrower than the prothorax at its greatest width, sides sub-
parallel, apex obtusely rounded, surface with long hairs,
especially towards the sides and apex, finely lineate-punctate,
interstices irregularly and closely punctured.

Female.— Head brown, front subconvex and pubescent, the
sculpture similar to that of the male ; prothorax subglobose,
apical margin bituberculate and the anterior part strongly
asperate, whilst the posterior portion is only slightly rugose.
Scutellum similar to that of the male. Elytra lineate-
punctate, the punctures rather more distinct towards the base,
interstices irregularly punctured. Underside less hairy than
in the male,

From the description this species seems to be allied to
Xyloterus (Trypodendron) unicolor, EKichl., but is broader,
with more regular elytral punctuations, and having the
prothorax and elytra of a uniform colour, &e. From
X. (Trypodendron) pubipenne, Blandf., it is distinguished by
its less elongate form, difference in colour, absence of anterior
constriction of the prothorax in the female, &c.

fTyorrhynchus blandfordi, sp. n.

3. Oblongo-ovatus, opacus, niger, pube fusco-cinereo dense
vestitus, scapo funiculoque antennarum ferrugineis, capite
cinereo ; prothorace semigloboso, basi bisinuata, lateribus
rotundatis, supra dense granulato, elytris post medium dilatatis,
supra tenuiter striatis, omnino fuliginosis, interstitiis convexis,
ad basin granulatis.

Long. 5:7 mm.

Loc. Kali Pokri, Darjeeling (77. Stevens).

Head produced into a flattened rostrum, expanded laterally
at the apex into two broad triangular processes hollowed out
on the dorsal surface, a strong central longitudinal carina
extends the whole length of the head, having on each side,
at the apex, an area of coarse irregular longitudinal rugosities
becoming finer between the upper divisions of the eyes, which
are longitudinally oval with small portions extending slightly
round the sides of the head towards the under divisions of
the eyes. Antenne with the scape and funiculus ferrugi-
nous, the club large, solid, acuminate, hairy, and mouse-

Tpidte and Platypodide from India and Burma. 447

brown. Prothorax widest in the middle, with a regularly
and closely granulate surface, not pubescent except at the
base of the well-marked longitudinal median line. Scutellum
rounded, pubescent, with some minute longitudinal scratches.
Elytra wider than the prothorax and more than twice as long,
laterally sinuous, being broadened behind the middle and
separately curved at the base; surface striate, the striz
narrow and shiny, interrupted at short intervals by transverse
ridges, interstices thickly clothed with dense dusky short
hairs, convex, and granulate ; tarsi lighter in colour than the
other joints of the legs.

Very closely allied to H. lewis?, Blandf., but narrower and
longer, with a more developed rostrum, darker in colour,
which is also uniform throughout, the elytral apex more
acuminate, and the antennal club dark,

Platypus suffodiens, sp. n.

¢. Fuscus, antennis tarsisque flavis; fronte concava, valde
punctata, prothorace subquadrato, apice punctis magnis irregu-
lariter dispersis et juxta post illos, punctorum parvorum con-
gerie ornato; basi utrinque punctis nonnullis instructo ; elytris
profunde sulcatis, sulcis obsolete punctatis, interstitiis nitidis,
3° basi punctato, depressione postica subconyexa.

Long. 4°8 mm.

2. Fuscus, fronte concava, admodum nitida, minutissime reticulata,
prothorace ei maris simili, sed punctorum congerie majore ornato ;
elytris suleatis, interstitiis nitidis, 5° basi granulato,

Long. 5 mm.

Loc. Lower Burma (EF. P. Stebding).

Male.—Front concave, roughly punctured and slightly
hairy, the anterior half is paler than -the posterior in some
specimens, and there is a shallow central depression ; the
prothorax is subquadrate, with a number of large punctures
placed irregularly along the anterior edge, immediately
behind which there is a small patch of longitudinally
elongate and confluent punctuations (in some cases this
patch is separated longitudinally into two smaller ones),
close behind which a shallow median groove extends longi-
tudinally to the base, the remainder of the prothoracic
surface is only very slightly punctured; the elytral furrows
are deep and roughened, whilst the interstices are shining
but also minutely punctured, the first is continued to the
apex, becoming granular before the declivity, the second
ceases before the depression, whilst the third is extended
horizontally into a short blunt spine and, together with the

448 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on *

other interstices, forms the edge of the convex apical de-
yression, Which has a dull and roughened surface; the base
of the third interstice is almost smooth, and that of the
fourth ends in a few granulations, plainly visible when
viewed laterally.

Female.—F ont concave, very shiny and delicately reti-
culated, a bisinuous line divides the anterior portion, which
is irregularly convex ; from the concave posterior part there
isa short median longitudinal line, anda few very long hairs
arch over the front from the sides, besides some shorter ones
on the vertex ; just above the mouth the surface is slightly
roughened and elevated; the prothorax is similar to that of
the male, but the anterior patch of punctures is much larger
and heart-shaped. The apical depression of the elytra is less
than in the male, the horizontal portion being less abruptly
separated from the declivous portion, owing to the much
shorter terminal spines of the interstices; the first and
second interstices are continued to the apex in the form of
granules, the remainder ceasing before the depression and
becoming granular from the basal two-thirds.

This species belongs to Chapuis’s group Suleati, in which
the species P. signatus and P. westwoodi also have the pro-
thoracic punctures placed anteriorly.

The sexes have been determined by dissection.

Platypus rectangulatus, sp. n.

3. Fronte lineato-punctata et carina media ornata; fusco-testa-
ceus, prothorace congeriebus punctorum angustatis; elytris
subtiliter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime punctatis,

depressione postica lunata, angulis productis, emarginatione
rectangulata.

Long. 3 mm.

@. Fronte lineato-punetata et striga media impressa, pallide
testacea, prothorace congeriebus punctorum duabus semi-ovali-
bus; elytris subtiliter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis vix distincte
punctatis, depressione postica lunata, rugoso-punctata, foveola in
utroque elytro impressa,

Long. 3:2 mm.

Loc, Tharrawaddy, Lower Burma (£. P. Stebding).

Male.—Testaceous brown, the elytra becoming darker
posteriorly ; prothorax with about fifteen punctures on each
side of the anterior extremity of the median sulcus, which
does not extend quite to the base and only halfway to the
apex ; the rest of the prothoracic surface is furnished with
punctures of irregular size and distribution; at the extreme
base and apex there are small areas of fine wavy transverse

Tpide and Platypodidee from India and Burma. 449

striation ; elytra constricted just above the apical impression,
which is vertical with an emargination of equal width above
and below, lineate-punctate, with flat interstices very irre-
gularly and remotely punctured.

Female.—Paler than the male, the elytra rather darker
posteriorly close to the declivity ; prothorax with a broad
patch of punctures extending the whole length of the median
sulcus, which is similar in length but much less impressed
‘than that of the male; the rest of the surface is similar to
the male. Elytra very feebly lineate-punctate, except the
sutural rows, the interstices with only a few very minute
punctures; the apical depression lunate with a subconcave
fundus, which is rugulose and hairy.

This species belongs to Chapuis’s group Cupulati, and
is very closely allied to P. biuncus, Blandf., from which it is
separated by being slightly shorter and much broader, with
the apical processes in the male not approximating at the tip,
the postero-lateral angles being right angles; on the other
hand, the frontal sculpture is very similar in both, and
possibly the present species may merely be a local variety.
As want of material prevented dissection, M. Chapuis’s
diagnosis of sex has been followed.

Drapus, Chap.
oree

In the three following new species, whilst they ag
with the generic characteristics in other respects, the labial
palpi are undoubtedly three-jointed. As M. Chapuis both
figures and describes the palpi as two-jointed, it becomes
necessary to enlarge the diagnosis so as to include two or
three joints, as, similarly, Chapuis geseeDEs those of Crosso-
farsus as one- or two-jointed.

Diapus capillatus, sp. n.

Caput nigrum ; prothorax brunneus, elytris flayo-brunneis, anten-
nis pedibusque flavis; fronte valde concava, antica parte pilis
densis fasciculatis circumdata; mandibulis appendice margini
externo affixa antennis longitudine subequali; antennarum
seapo pilis densis longisque fasciculatis, apice obtecto, clavo
solido; palpi labiales triarticulati. Prothorace elongato, poste-
riore in utroque sulci latere congerie punctorum, squamulis flavis
pilisque transverso ornato, elytris punctato-striatis.

Long. 3°2 mm.

Loc. Darjeeling, N. India (C. G. Rogers).
These specimens appear to have been taken out ofa railway-
sleeper, made of Quereus lamellosa,

450 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

Head black, prothorax brown, elytra yellow-brown, antenna
and legs yellow; head concave in front with coarse punc-
tuation and two deep impressions on each side of a median
line extending longitudinally about halfway to the vertex,
which is coarsely punctured ; two tufts of yellow hair just
above the epistoma turn slightly upwards, four other tufts
arising close behind; the front is slightly elongate; the
appendages to the mandibles are flat and expanded towards
the apex, the inner edges being serrated, there is a large tuft
of yellow hair at the apex of the scape, pointing forwards and
downwards; the first joint of the funiculus is inserted into
the outer side of the scape close to the apex (which is
much dilated) and is large and globular, the second joint
elongate, and the rest transverse ; the club is solid without
any sutures, of a pale colour, uniformly covered with short
hairs and large pores on the outer surface, which also has a
narrow chitinous ridge from the base to about the centre ;
the prothorax is oblong and deeply indented at the sides,
with a slight median line extending from the base to the
centre; just above the deeply bisinuous base a narrow row
of pale hairs extends from the median line almost to the
sides and above this there is a row of large punctures inter-
mixed with pale scales, above which again are scattered a
number of large punctures as far as the anterior limit of the
median line, the rest of the surface being plain; the elytra
are translucid, becoming darker towards the apex, and very
faintly punctate-striate—they have a thick transverse basal
ridge and are bluntly rounded at the apex; the fifth abdo-
minal segment is concave and edged with a few hairs.

Diapus furtivus, sp. 0.

¢. Piceo-brunneus, elytris semipellucidis, antennis pedibusque
ferrugineis; fronte inequali; antenne juxta verticem capitis
inserte ; palpi labiales triarticulati; prothorace oblongo, in
utroque carina latere congerie foraminorum transyersa ornata ;
elytris subtilissime lineato-punctatis, interstitiis planis, uniseria-
tim punctatis, margine apicale rotundato.

Long. 3°5-4 mm. ‘

©. Fuscus; elytris semipellucidis; fronte plano, antice medio
carina parva inter duas lacunas ornato; antenne inter basin
mandibularum et emarginationem oculorum insert; protho-
race ut in mari; elytris subtilissime striato-punctatis, inter-
stitiis planis, apice spinis retusis ornatis; abdominis segmento
ultimo concavo,

Long. 4 mm,

Loc. Assam.

Tpide and Platypodidee from India and Burma, 451

Head and prothorax almost black; elytra translucid, but
darker towards the apex ; the front concave and the antennz
inserted in a line almost parallel with the upper edge of the
eyes; at the base of each antenna, on the inner side, arises
an oval excrescence, larger than the eyes themselves and
covered with deep punctures over the whole surface ; these
raised portions are continued, in a lesser degree, round the
lateral margins of the front, and, being of a paler colour than
the rest of the surface, give a very distinctive appearance to
the insect; a median longitudinal line extends from the
epistoma nearly to the vertex, where it ends abruptly in a
single large puncture, other punctures occur on either side of
this line and of the median carina on the vertex; a small
bunch of bright yellow hair is placed at the centre of the
epistoma, and smaller ones at the apical frontal angles near
the insertion of the mandibles. The prothorax is oblong with
a very short basal median line, on each side of which are
eleven large pores, somewhat irregularly placed and each
provided with a single narrow process (or possibly a stout
hair) affixed just inside the posterior edge of the pore and
extending almost across to the anterior side ; the rest of the
surface of the prothorax is shagreened, with a few scattered
and shallow punctures; just behind the anterior lateral angles
the prothorax is deeply excised for the reception of “the
femora. The elytra are very feebly lineate-punctate and
rounded apically, the interstices flat with indistinct single
rows of minute punctures ; there is considerable separation
of the elytra at the sutural base and the scutellum is large
and triangular. The anterior coxe are widely separated and
elongate, the femora very flat and broad, and darkened in
colour on the anterior edge, the tibie are deeply ridged
externally ; the first joint of the anterioy tarsi is very hairy.

In the female the ‘insertion of the antenne is normal, the
frontal carina is very narrow and has a deep cavity on each
side just over the mouth, the rest of the front is coarsely
punctured,

The prothorax is similar to that of the male, but the basal
pores are fewer in number, generally 3-5 on each side of
the median line; the elytra are pale basally, becoming
darker on the apical half, and having the interstices more
convex than the males, the apex of each elytron is armed
with five blunt spines of almost equal length, truncate and
furnished with two or three hairs at their « extremities ; the
abdomen transversely convex with the last segment deeply
concave, coarsely punctured, and sparsely covered with short
yellow hairs and having a median vertical carina on the

upper half,

452 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the

Diapus mirus, sp. n.

Fuscus, elytris translucidis, fronte tota longis pilis flavis obtecta ;
palpi labiales triarticulati; antenne inter oculos insert; pro-
thorace in utroque carine latere congerie foraminorum trans-
versa ornato; elytris obsolete lineato-punctatis, interstitiis planis
uniseriatim punctatis, margine apicale rotundato.

Long. 3:7 mm.

Loc. Assam.

Head black, prothorax dark brown, elytra translucid but
darker towards the apex ; from the anterior edge of the front
arises a transverse ridge of stout yellow hairs divided into
four groups which extend upwards and backwards over the
whole of the front to the middle of the vertex. Between the
eyes are two large clusters of similar hairs, also divided into
groups, the inner pair of which extend straight out from the
front but are slightly bent downwards at the tips and then
end very abruptly, having a total leneth of over’5 mm. ; the
other two groups are twisted outwards round the first pair
and then cross the middle of the front, thus concealing nearly
the whole frontal surface ; the front is nearly smooth and has
a central longitudinal line. The labial palpi are similar to
those of the last species; the insertion of the antennee is not
quite so near the vertex as in D. furtivus ; the prothorax has
no median line, but there is a group of large pores similar to
tliose of furtivus; the elytra show some faint traces of lines
of punctures, and are rounded apically.

LV.—WNote on the Voles of the orcadensis Group.
By Martin A. C. HINTON.

In his recently published ‘Catalogue of the Mammals of
Western Europe’ Mr. Miller * refers the three Orkney voles
litherto described to two species, namely :—

(1) M. orcadensis, Millais, described from Pomona, and to
which the voles of the islands Rousay, Shajinshay,
and South Ronaldshay (South Orkneys) are referred
also.

(2) M. sandayensis, Millais, inhabiting the North Orkneys.
With two subspecies :—

a. M. sandayensissandayensis, Millais, from Sanday.
b. I. sandayensis westre, Miller, from Westray.

* Miller, Cat. Mamm. Western Europe, 1912, pp. 661-2, 694-700.

Voles of the orcadensis Group. 453

Mr. Miller says that ‘‘ The degrees of distinctness of the
Orkney voles among themselves appear to bear a_ direct
relation to the depth of water separating the islands, and
therefore presumably to the length of time that the different
colonies have been isolated. ‘he numerous specimens of
M. orcadensis examined from four islands of the southern
group show no indication of the existence of local forms” *.

Since the ‘Catalogue’ was printed Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-
Grant has enriched the National Collection with a fine series
of specimens from Sanday and Rousay, including a good
many thoroughly adult skulls. I have had to study this
material carefully in connection with the Pleistocene J.
corneri, and it now appears difficult to regard the differences
between orcadensis and sandayensis as of specific value. In
this paper, therefore, all the Orkney voles are referred to
M. orcadensis. This species is apparently a modified relict of
the Pleistocene fauna of western Kurope such as we should
expect to encounter in the Orkneys. As an effect of long
segregation on small islands JZ. orcadensis is differentiated
into a number of local races or subspecies; with the possible
exception of those from Shapinshay (which I have not seen
recently), one is able to distinguish the voles of each island
from those of all the other islands.

The characters which differentiate the skull and teeth of
M. orcadensis from those of less modified members of the
arvalis group seem to be correlated with an increased deve-
lopment of the temporal muscle +; the beginnings of the
changes consequent upon such an increase are seen in several
arvaloid voles, and they culminate in orcadensist. ‘he
features which distinguish the skulls and teeth of the various
island races of the latter from each other in turn appear to
be consequential upon variations in the developmeut of the
anterior and posterior portions of the muscle. ‘lo appre-
ciate this it is necessary to study the skulls of old and young
individuals comparatively ; in the table at pp. 458 & 459 those
measurements which throw light upon these points have been
taken from my full tables and summarized.

In young skulls of J. 0. orcadensis (Pomona, condylo-basal
length 24—25°4 mm.) the temporal ridges are, of course, very
feebly indicated and are widely separated in the interorbital
and interparietal regions. In many respects the brain-case

* Op, cit, p. 696.

+ The large size of the temporal fosse was pointed out by Prof.
Charnock Bradley (Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905, p. 5).

{ Parallel changes are seen in other groups of voles, e. g., to a lesser
degree in M, agrestis and to a more marked one in Stenocranius.

ABA. Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the —

closely resembles that of the adults of less modified members
of the arvalis group (e. g., MW. a. levis) ; the squamosals are
separated anteriorly by a space equal to, or more than, the
least width of the interorbital region ; the squamous portions
of the parietals are small, overlapping the frontals to a very
limited extent, so that the coronal suture forms a wide and
deep emargination of the parietals, while the posterior border
of the frontals is a broad semicircular process; the inter-
parietal is laterally unreduced, and has the short broad
form which characterizes it in M/. agrestis and other compara-
tively primitive voles.

In passing from youth to age the growth of the temporal
muscle moulds the outer surface of the brain-case, and induces
several important changes in the form of its component
bones. ‘The temporal ridges gradually become more salient
and relatively higher in position. With the growth of the
anterior portion of the muscle the ridges eventually fuse into
a strong sharp crest in the interorbital region, and the latter
becomes relatively narrower; the squamosals gradually
encroach upon and ascend the sides of the frontal at the
hinder end of the interorbital region, until at length their
upper edges are separated from each other by little more than
1 mm.; the squamosal crest, whence the strong postorbital
tendon of the temporal arises, becomes more and more salient ;
the squamous portions of the parietals are enlarged and, more
extensively overlapping the frontals than in the young, they
reduce the width of the notch formed by the coronal suture,
the posterior process of the frontals being correspondingly
reduced to a narrow projecting tongue (ef. the dimensions a,
b, and 38 in table at pp. 458 & 459). With the growth of
the posterior portion of the muscle the distance between the
ridges behind is diminished and the lateral processes of the
supraoccipital become more salient; the supratympanic
fosse from which this portion of the nfuscle arises on either
side are therefore extended, and occupy a relatively wider
tract upon the dorso-lateral parts of the brain-case (c/. dimen-
sions 8, 9, and 9-8 in part il. of the table at pp. 458 & 459).
The lateral extremities of the interparietal are consequently
reduced, and its growth is confined to longitudinal extension ;
by far its larger portion is situate between the temporal
ridges, and this portion acquires in consequence of the lateral
reduction a peculiar pentagonal outline in adults which is
very different from the form seen in young skulls of orca-
densis or in adult skulls of less modified species. We have,
in conclusion, to note that in M. 0. orcadensis the upper
border of the jugal is a boldly convex crest for the insertion

Voles of the orcadensis Group. 455

of the temporal fascia, imparting to the bone its central
expansion, and that the anterior lower cheek-tooth 44 has a
deep fourth outer fold.

The youngest skulls of 0. sandayensis examined are slightly
older than the majority of the young skulls from Pomona;
making due allowance for this, there is little difference
between them. The nasals and diastema are already slightly
longer, the molars slightly shorter, and the occiput is a little
more depressed than in the young of o. orcadensis. In the
next stage (subadult, condylo-basal length 26:4-27°6 mm.)
nasals and molars have acquired their adult proportions, the
former a little longer, the latter a little shorter, than in adult
o. orcadensts ; the diastema is now as long as in the latter, and
becomes in adults slightly longer; the occiput is now con-
siderably lower, and becomes still more depressed in theadults.
With regard to the parts influenced by the anterior portion of
the temporal muscle, the interorbital region becomes progres-
sively more constricted with age, and in adults is considerably
narrower than in o. orcadensis ; the anterior portions of the
squamosals approximate so closely in adults that only the
sharp interorbital crest separates them; each _postorbital
(squamosal) crest develops a more salient antero-external
projection ; and the narrowing of the posterior process of the
frontals and coronal emargination of the parietals is still
more marked than in o. orcadensis. It is evident from these
features that the anterior portion of the temporal muscle is
relatively stronger than in the latter form (cf. dimensions
a,b, and 3 of the table). On the other hand, the figures
show (dimensions 8, 9, and 9-8) that in the transition from
youth to age the posterior part of the temporal muscle
develops much less than in 0.orcadensts; the difference between
young and old skulls is here less striking, and the form of
the interparietal is considerably less modified. We recall
that in the Sanday vole the upper border of the jugal is but
slightly convex, that the bone is therefore slender, and that
the fourth outer fold of <4 is reduced and often obsolete.
The condylo-basal length of adult skulls ranges from 27°5 to
30°71 mm.; they are therefore as large, if not slightly larger
than, those of old 0. orcadensis.

The youngest skull from Rousay is subadult (condylo-basal
length 27-1mm., the temporal ridges still faint and widely sepa-
rated in the interorbital region). On comparing it with the
adults from the same island, a similar general progress is seen
to take place with growth to that traced in o. orcadensis and
o. sandayensis. ‘The <a has always a deep fourth outer fold
as in 0. ovcadensis ; the jugal is always slender as in 0. sanday-

456— Mr. M. A. ©. Hinton on the

ensis; the occiput in the subadult skull and in that of a small
but old female is as depressed as in 0. sandayensis, but in the
adult males it is as lofty as in 0. orcadensis. The anterior
portion of the temporal muscle is apparently more strongly
developed than in o. orcadensis, less so than in 0. sandayensis ;
and its effect upon the characters of the interorbital region and
anterior part of the brain-case is accordingly an intermediate
one. In the small female skull the interparietal is as greatly
reduced as in o. orcadensis, and the supratympanic fosse are
noticeably more extensive because of the greater saliency of
the lateral processes of the supraoccipital ; in the adult males
the interparietal is slightly less modified and the supra-
tympanic fosse slightly smaller than in o. orcadensis. The
posterior portion of the temporal muscle is apparently, there-
fore, more nearly like that of 0. orcadensis than that of 0. san-
dayens?s, but has a tendency to weaken. In its external
appearance the Rousay vole is quite like 0. orcadensis.

More material is required before one can be quite certain of
the cranial characters of 0. westre. The type isa young adult
(condylo-basal length 27-2 mm.); its skulland teeth agree quite
closely with Miller’s figures 138 a and a’ 139, which, how-
ever, represent 0. sandayensis ; the depression of the occiput
is more marked than in any of the skulls from Sanday seen by
me: gga has the fourth outer fold obsolete, although in other
specimens it is well developed; the jugal is slender ; the
interorbital region is rather wide and the squamosals not
more closely approximated anteriorly than in 0, orcadensis, but
in older skulls probably some further progress will be seen in
this region. Posteriorly the temporal ridges approach con-
siderably more than in o. sandayensis and only slightly less
than in the Rousay form; the interparietal 1s accordingly
modified to nearly the same extent as in 0. orcadensis; the
width across the lateral processes of the supraoccipital is
relatively very great, and the supratympanic fosse are there-
fore far more extensive than in o. sandaycensis, and, in fact,
considerably exceed those of 0. orcadensis. Like those of the
Rousay form, its cranial and dental characters appear to be,
on the whole, intermediate between those of 0. orcadensis and
o. sandayensis ; in addition, as described by Mller, its external
appearance is of an intermediate character also.

The vole of South Ronaldshay is represented by three
specimens before me; only one skull is fully adult and
sufficiently perfect for detailed investigation. In external
appearance, the form of ¢4,3, and the conspicuous expansion
of the jugal this form agrees with 0. orcadensis. ‘The inter-
parietal is even more modified than in the latter form ; the

Voles of the orcadensis Group. 457

lateral processes of the supraoccipital are considerably more
salient and the supratympanic fosse attain their maximum
extension in the group; the posterior portion of the temporal
muscle therefore appears to be somewhat more strongly
developed than in 0. orcadensis. On the other hand, the
squamosals are more widely separated anteriorly than in any
other Orcadian form, although the posterior process of the
frontals is as much narrowed as in 0. sandayensis ; the post-
orbital crest of the squamosal is relatively feebly developed,
and the brain-case, as a whole, appears to be longer, narrower,
and more lofty than in o. orcadensis; the anterior portion
of the temporal muscle is therefore apparently weaker than
in 0. orcadensis. ‘Che nasals, diastema, and molars agree in
relative lengths with those of 0. sandayensts rather than with
0. orcadensis.

It would appear from the facts given above that when the
posterior portion of the temporal muscle is the predominant
one the jugal is heavy and ¢44 complex; this is the con-
dition found in the South Ronaldshay vole and o. orcadensis.
When the anterior portion of the muscle tends to become
the predominant one, the jugal becomes light and <4 tends
to be simplified by losing the fourth outer fold; this con-
dition is seen fully developed in 0. sandayensis. Many facts,
which cannot be discussed here, but of which some have
already been dealt with long ago by Winge, lead me to
believe that in this group predominance of the posterior
portion of the temporal muscle is a more primitive condition
than is predominance of the anterior portion. The Orcadian
voles may therefore be arranged as subspecies of J. orcadensis
in the following order, beginning with the least modified :—

M. orcadensis, Millais.

(1) WW. orcadensis ronaldshaiensis, subsp. n.

Hab. South Ronaldshay.
Type. An adult male (B.M. 7. 11. 16. 1).

Diagnosis —External appearance as in M. o. orcadensis. (Collector's
measurements of type: head and body 126 mm.; tail 41; hind foot 19;
ear 11°5.) Skull distinguished from that of 0. orcadensis by its longer
and narrower brain-case ; the squamosals slightly more widely separated
anteriorly, their postorbital crests less salient, and with no antero-external
projection ; interparietal slightly more reduced, supratympanic fossa
much more extensive laterally; jugal and ¢-¢1 as in 0. orcadensis.
(Cranial measurements: condylo-basal length 29 mm.; zygomatic
breadth 17°6; interorbital constriction 3°8; occipital breadth 12:9;
occipital depth 7:2; nasals 9°2; diastema 87; maxillary cheek-teeth
(alveolar) 6°7 ; mandible 186; mandibular cheek-teeth (alveolar) 6-7.)

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 33

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460 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the

(2) M. orcadensis orcadensis, Millais.
Hab. Pomona.

(3) M. orcadensis rousaiensis, subsp. n.

Hab. Rousay.
Type. An adult male (B.M. 12. 7. 5. 7).

Diagnosis.— External appearance as in M. o. orcadensis. (Collector’s
measurements of type: head and body 155 mm.; tail 86; hind foot 18 ;
ear 12.) Skull with short and broad brain-case, as in 0. orcadensis and
o. sandayensis, occasionally depressed ; anterior approximation of squa-
mosals and saliency of their postorbital crests intermediate between
o. orcadensis and vo. sandayensis; interparietal and supratympanic fossee
essentially as in 0. orcadensis ; jugal always slender, as in 0. sandayensis ;
e-t.1 always with deep outer fold, as in 0. oreadensis. (Cranial measure-
ments of type: condylo-basal length 28:9 mm.; zygomatic breadth 17:6;
interorbital constriction 3°7 ; occipital breadth 12°7; occipital depth 7:0;
nasals 8-9; diastema 89; maxillary cheek-teeth (alveolar) 6°7; man-
dible 18°8; mandibular cheek-teeth (alveolar) 6°7.)

(4) AL. orcadensis westre, Miller.
Hab. Westray.

(5) MM. orcadensis sandayensis, Millais.
Hab, Sanday.

M. sarnius, Miller, from Guernsey, Channel Islands, is a
near relative of M. orcadensis. It is distinguished by its
external appearance, which recalls the agrestis group, and by
its longer and narrower brain-case, less spreading zygomata,
shorter nasals and diastema, rather longer molars, and
smaller bulla. ‘I'he nasals are cleft by a small process of the
frontals, as in orcadensis, but the median septum of the
hinder palate is not grooved. Both portions of the temporal
muscle appear to be considerably weaker than in orcadensis,
and consequently the adult skull differs far less from the
young. ‘The distance between the temporal ridges behind is
relatively greater in adult sarndus than in any stage examined
in any Oreadian form ; the interparietal is therefore scarcely
modified, and the supratympanic fosse are not more extensive
than in young sandayensis. Anteriorly the squamosals are
widely separated, but the posterior process of the frontals
tends to become narrow with age. The jugal is light; the
fourth outer fold of <4 is well developed. The occiput is

intermediate in depth between those of orcadensis and
sandayensts,

Voles of the orcadensis Group. 461

M. corneri, Hinton, is a large vole whose remains occur in
the late Pleistocene deposits of England and possibly France
(Neschers, Bruniquel, &c.). It is clearly a forerunner of
M. sarnius and M, orcadensis; in fact, the three together may
conveniently be separated from the other arvaloid voles as
the orcadensis group. M. corneri is distinguished generally
from its two allies by its less expanded zygomatic arches,
shorter nasals and molars, longer diastema, and_ slightly
straighter and more protruding incisors. ‘lhe nasals are
narrowly rounded behind and not cleft ; the median septum
of the palate has a well-marked ventral groove; the molars
are of the normal arvalis pattern, but very light. The
temporal muscle was evidently much weaker, as a whole, than
in orcadensts. ‘The ridges, though clearly defined in the
adult, are not salient. Posteriorly they are relatively wider
apart even than in M. sarnius, aud the interparietal retains
to the full the form seen in young orcadensis and in the
adults of less modified voles; the lateral processes of the
supraoccipital are as salient, however, as in M. 0. ronaldshai-
ensis or 0. westre, and the supratympanic fossee are therefore
considerably more extensive than in sarnius, though slightly
less so than in sandayensis. ‘The jugal has a boldly convex
upper border, and its central expansion is therefore marked.
The interorbital region is in the degree of its constriction
intermediate between those of orcadensis and sandayensis,
and the temporal ridges fuse into a low but sharp inter-
orbital crest ; the anterior ends of the squamosals approach
each other to nearly the same extent as in orcadensis. On
the other hand, the posterior frontal process remains broad
and semicircular throughout life as in the youngest stages of
orcadensis (ef. dimension 6); the postorbital crests of the
squamosal, though extensive, are but slightly salient and
without any antero-external projection. In these weak
crests, as well as in the long narrow form of the brain-case,
there is some similarity to the skull of JZ. 0. ronaldshaiensis
as well as to that of JZ. sarnius. The occiput agrees with
that of the latter in relative depth.

It is difficult to decide which is the more primitive,
M. sarnius or M. cornert ; both are clearly more primitive
than J. orcadensis, and M. cornert occupies a somewhat
central position between the two living species. ‘lhe short
nasals, small teeth, narrow zygomata, and, above all, the
entirely unmodified interparietal and coronal suture of the
fossil lead me to regard it as the most primitive of the three,
although it has advanced further than J. sarnius in the
approximation of the antellor parts of the squamosals.

462 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of

Mr. Miller, in speaking of MZ. corneri, says :—‘ The characters
by which the fossil is distinguished from JZ. sandayens/s are
less apparent than those separating the two living Orkney
species ”; but if the analysis of the characters of the group
viven above be correct, it is precisely with JZ. sandayensis
that our fossil has least to do.

LVI.—The Fishes of the San Juan River, Colombia.
By C. Tare Ruean, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Dr. H. G. F. Spurreti has recently made an excellent
collection of fishes in the Condoto, a tributary of the San
Juan, a river of the Pacific slope in S.W. Colombia, and has
presented them to the British Museum. Three years ago a
series of fishes from the San Juan and its tributaries,
collected by Mr. G. Palmer, was acquired by the Museum.
These collections are rich in novelties, and, except for a
few species recently described by Kigenmann (Indiana Univ.
Studies, 1912, no. 8), our knowledge of the fish-fauna of
this river-system is based on them.

Characide.

1. Lebiasina multimaculata, Bouleng.
R. Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell).

had
2. Piabucina aureoguttata, Fowler.
R. Lisa and R. Tamana (Palmer).

3. Brycon striatulus, Kuer.
R. San Juan (Palmer).

4. Brycon oligolepis, sp. vi.

Depth of body 3 to 84 in the length, length of head 34 to
44, Snout nearly as long as ora little longer than diameter
of eye, which is 3 to 43 in length of head ; intererbital
width 24 to 8. Maxillary extending to below anterior part
or middle of eye; lower jaw shorter than upper. 138 or 14
gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 44 to 48 scales
in lateral line, 8 or 84 from origin of dorsal to lateral line,

the San Juan River, Colombia. 463

34 to 44 thence to base of pelvics. Dorsal 11-12 ; origin
behind base of pelvics ; longest ray about 3 length of head.
Anal 29-82; origin below last rays of dorsal ; edge straight
or slightly emarginate. Pectoral not or barely reaching
pelvics, which sometimes reach anal. Silvery ; a black spot
at base of caudal; fins dusky, with paler edges.

Nine specimens, up to 220 mm. in total length, from the
Rio Condoto (Spurre/l) and Western Ecuador (Rosenberg).

B. moorei, Steind., from the Magdalena River, is near this
species, but has more numerous scales. 8B. atricaudatus,
Kner (B. scapularis, Fowler), from W. Ecuador, differs in
the same respect and also in the larger head.

5. Creagrutus leuciscus, sp. 0.

Depth of body 8 to 33 in the length, length of head 3%
to 4. Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 in
length of head and nearly equal to imterorbital width,
Maxillary extending to below anterior 7 of eye ; lower jaw
the shorter. 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Lateral line complete, of 35 or 36 scales ; 4 or 44 from
origin of dorsal fin to lateral line, 3 thence to base of pelvic.
Dorsal 10; origin above insertion of pelvics, nearer end of
snout than base of caudal. Anal 14-15, emarginate. Pec-
toral not quite reaching pelvics, which extend to vent or
origin of anal. Olivaceous ; a bluish-silvery lateral band ;
no humeral or caudal spots ; fins immaculate.

Three specimens, 55 to 80 mm. in total length, from the
R. Lisa (Palmer) and the R. Condoto (Spurreil).

XENUROCHARAX, gen. nov.

Near Deuterodon, differing in that a scaly flap extends on
the caudal fin, covering a pocket opening downwards, ending
in a Jarge triangular scale carrying the lateral line nearly to
the end of the middle caudal rays, and with its lower half
marked with numerous vertical striatious,

6. Xenurocharaz spurrellu, sp.n. -

Depth of body 34 in the length, length of head 44.
Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 in length of
head and equal to interorbital width. Teeth of outer series
of premaxillaries tricuspid, with weak lateral cusps, 2 teeth
on one sidle, 3 on the other ; inner pramaxillary teeth with
3 strong cusps and sometimes an additional pair of cusps, 4
teeth on each side; anterior mandibulary teeth similar to

464 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of

and opposed to inner przmaxillary series, 4 on each side,
the fourth considerably smaller than the others and leading
to the small lateral teeth; maxillary extending to below
anterior } of eye, proximally with 1 or 2 small teeth.
Second suborbital completely covering cheek. 38 scales in
lateral line, 54 from origin of dorsal to lateral line, 5 thence
to base of pelvics. Dorsal 10; origin behind base of pelvics,
slightly nearer end of snout than base of caudal. Anal 32;
origin a little behind middle of dorsal ; a scaly sheath at its
base ; third to fifth and ninth to thirteenth rays armed with
series of hooks. Pectoral extending to pelvics, latter to
origin of anal. Caudalforked. Olivaceous ; a bluish-silvery
lateral band ; no humeral or caudal spots ; fins immaculate.

‘A single specimen, 57 mm. in total length, from the
Condoto (Spurrell).

7. Bryconamericus rubricauda, sp. n.

Depth of body 24 to 3 in length, length of head 33 to 4.
Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 24 to 2? in
length of head, equal to or greater than interorbital width.
Maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye. Second
suborbital covering cheek, its greatest width from 2 to as

3

long as eye. Scales 34 to 38 in lateral line, 5 or 6 from
origin of dorsal to lateral line, 4 or 5 thence to base of
pelvics. Dorsal 10-12 ; origin behind base of pelvics, equi-
distant from anterior part of eye and base of caudal; longest
ray a little shorter than head ; free edge straight or a little
convex. Anal 30-33; origin below end of dorsal; a scaly
sheath at its base. Pectoral extending to pelvics, which »
reach origin of anal. Caudal scaly at base only. Oliva-
ceous ; a bluish-silvery lateral band ending im a blackish
caudal spot ; base of anal and proximal part of caudal lobes
brilliant orange.

Eight specimens, 35 to 70 mm. in total length, from the
Rio Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell).

8. Bryconamericus juanensis, sp. i.

Depth of body 23 to 3 in length, length of head 4 to 42.
Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 24 to 22 in
length of head, equal to or greater than interorbital width.
Maxillary extending to below anterior margin or + of eye.
Second suborbital covering cheek, its greatest width 4 to 2
diameter of eye. Scales in lateral line 35 to 37, 6 or 7 from

origin of dorsal to lateral line, 5 or 6 thence to base of
pelvics. Dorsal 11; origin behind base of pelvics, nearly

the San Juan River, Colombia, 465

equidistant from end of snout and base of caudal, longest
ray as long as head; free edge straight. Anal 29-32 ;
origin below or just behind end of dorsal ; a sealy sheath at
its base. Pectoral extending to pelvics, which reach’ vent.
Caudal scaly at base only. Olivaceous; a_bluish-silvery
lateral band ending in a blackish caudal spot.

Ten specimens, 45 to 90 mm. in total length, from the
Rio Condoto (Spurrell).and the Rio San Juan and Rio
Tamana (Palmer).

This species has a larger eye and narrower suborbitals
than the preceding and usually more scales in a transverse
series. Both have the dentition characteristic of the genus,
the premaxillaries with an inner series of 4 teeth on each
side and an outer series of 5, the second and fourth internal
to the others.

9. Bryconamericus scleroparius, Regan.
R. San Juan (Palmer).

10. Hyphessobrycon condotensis, sp. n.

Depth of body 23 to 22 in length, length of head 3}.
Snout much shorter than diameter of eye, which is 2! in
length of head ; interorbital width 3. Maxillary extending
to below anterior + of eye ; a naked space between second
suborbital and preopercle. 33 to 35 scales in a longitudinal
series, 10 to 15 in lateral line, 7 or 8 from origin of dorsal
to lateral line, 5 or 6 thence to base of pelvics. Dorsal 11;
origin nearly equidistant from end of snout and base of
caudal; longest ray as long as head. Anal 28-30 ; origin
below posterior part of dorsal ; a distinct scaly sheath at
base of anterior rays. Olivaceous; a dusky lateral stripe
posteriorly ; a vertically expanded dark humeral spot, a
second dark spot behind it ; no caudal spot; dorsal immacu-
late ; base of anal and caudal lobes bright orange.

Several specimens, 30-40 mm. in total length, from the
Rio Condoto (Spurrell) and the Rio San Juan (Palmer).

ll. Astyanax eneus, Giinth,
R. San Juan (Palmer).

12. Nematobrycon palmeri, Eigenm.

R. Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell) ; R. San Juan (Palmer),

466 Mr. ©. T. Regan on the Fishes of

13. Gephyrocharax chocoensis, Kigenm.
14. Parastremma sadina, Kigenm.

15. Reboides guatemalensis, Giinth.
R. San Juan (Palmer).

Gastropelecide.

16. Thoracocharax brevis, Kigenm.
R. San Juan (Palmer).

Xiphostomatide.

17. Luciocharaz striatus, Bouleng.
KR. San Juan (Palmer).

Anostomide.

18. Curimatus lineopunctaius, Bouleng.
R, Tamana (Palmer).

Sternarchide.

19. Sternopygus equilabiatus, Humboldt.
%. Condoto (Spurrell).

—

Gymnotide.

20. Gymnotus carapo, Linn.
R Condoto (Spurrell).

Pimelodide.

21. Pimelodella eutenia, sp. n.

Depth about 55 im the length, length of head 4 to 42.
Diameter of eye 3% to 44 in length of head, nearly equal to
interorbital width. Head 1} as long as broad; snout a
little longer than postorbital part of head ; width of mouth
3 width of head; maxillary barbel extending to middle of
anal fin. Dorsal I 7; spine nearly smooth, 4 to 2 length of
head ; adipose fin 3} to 34 in length of fish. Anal 11-12.
Pectoral spine 2 length of head; inner edge weakly denticu-
lated. Pelvics inserted behind dorsal, not reaching anal.

the San Juan River, Colomlna. 467

Caudal forked. Greyish; a strong blackish stripe from
snout through eye to base of caudal fin ; posterior half of
each interradial membrane of dorsal dusky.

Five specimens, 75 to 145 mm. in total length, from the
Rio Condoto (Spurrell) and the Rio Sipi (Palmer).

This species is related to P. buckleyi, Bouleng., from the
Amazons of Ecuador, which has shorter barbels, a longer
adipose fia, a different coloration, &c.

22. Pimelodella grisea, Regan.
R. Sau Juan (Palmer).

. 23. Rhamdia wagneri, Giinth.
R. San Juan (Palmer).

NaNNORHAMDIA, gen. nov.

Intermediate between Rhamdia aud Nannoglanis, differing
from the former in the absence of dorsal and pectoral spines,
the vestigial occipital process, the more posterior position of
the dorsal fin, and the shorter anal fin ; from the latter in the
less depressed head, the eyes Jateral and with free margins,
the dorsal fin above instead of behind the pelvics, the caudal
forked instead of truncate.

24, Nannorhamdia spurrellii, sp. u.

Depth of body 6 in the length, length of head 44.
Diameter of eye 2 in length of snout, 6 in length of head,
15 in interorbital width, Lower jawthe shorter. Maxillary
barbel extending to end of pectoral fin. Dorsal 7 ; origin 4
as distant from end of snout as from base of caudal ; adipose
fin as long as its distance from dorsal. Anal 9. Pectoral 4
length of head, not reaching pelvics, which are inserted
below middle of dorsal and do not nearly reach anal. Vent
a short distance behind base of pelvics. Greyish ; a dusky
lateral stripe.

A single specimen, 70 mm. in total length, from the
R. Condoto (Spurrell).

25. Pseudopimelodus transmontanus, sp. u.

Skin with papillze or filaments, which are always evident
above the pectorals. Depth of body 44 to 6 in the length,
length of head 3to3}4. Head nearly as long as broad. Dia-
meter of eye 12 to 18 in length of head, interocular width

468 _ Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of

2 to 24, length of snout 3 to 32. Jaws equal anteriorly ; pree-
maxillary band of teeth with a pointed process at each end;
maxillary barbel extending to operculum or basal part of pec-
toral. Occipital process separated by an interspace from basal
bone of dorsal spine. Dorsal I 6; spine smooth, } to ? length
ofhead. AnallO. Pectoralspine4 to} lengthof head, serrated
on both edges, the posterior teeth usually the stronger, in
length not much less than the width of the spine ; clavicular
process short, its upper edge about equal to diameter of eye.
Pelvics not reaching anal. Caudal rounded in adult, in young
upper lobe produced and pointed. Adults uniformly dark
greyish ; young with a pale transverse bar from base of one
pectoral fin to the other, a series of 4 pale spots along the
back, respectively in front of and behind dorsal fin, on and
behind adipose fin, and 3 larger pale spots along each side.
Caudal with small dark spots, blackish at base and often
crossed by a dark bar posteriorly ; other fins either entirely
blackish, or with a pale margin, or pale with a blackish bar.

Nine specimens, 60 to 250 mm. in total length, from the
Condoto (Spurrell), the San Juan and the Tamana (Palmer),
and the Durango, W. Ecuador (Rosenberg).

Related to P. villosus, Kigenm., from British Guiana,

Pygidiide.
26. Pygidium unicolor, sp. n.

Depth of body 7 in length, length of head 6. Head as
broad as long. Diameter of eye 12 in length of head or 3 in
interocular width; eyes well in advance of middle of head,
close behind nostrils. Barbels as long as head. Dorsal] 8-9,
with 5 or 6 branched rays, rounded ; origin above or a little
in advance of vent, 14 as far from end of snout as from base
of caudal. Anal 7, with 4 branched rays; origin below last
rays of dorsal. Pectoral filament # to as long as head,
branched rays 2 length of head. Pelvics covering vent.
Caudal subtruncate. Coloration uniform.

Two specimens, 80 and 85 mm. in total length, from the
Condoto (Spurrell).

27. Pygidium spilosoma, sp. n.

Depth of body 7 to 8 in length, length of head 6 to 63.
Head longer than broad. Diameter of eye 10 to 12 in
length of head, 2} to 3 in interocular width ; eyes very
slightly in advance of middle of length of head, their distance
from posterior nostrils 4 or 4 of length of head. Maxillary

the San Juan River, Colombia. + 469

barbel nearly as long as head, extending to basal part of
pectoral. Dorsal 9, with 6 branched rays ; 3 free edge
straight ; origin a little in advance of vent, 12 as far from
end of snout as from base of caudal. Anal 7, with 4 branched
rays ; origin a little behind end of dorsal. Pector al filament
as long as head, branched rays % to } length of head.
Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Yellowish, with
dark brown spots on body and fins ; young with a dark
lateral band.

Three examples, 130 to 250 mm. in total length, from the
Rio Sipi and Rio Tamana (Palmer).

28. Pygidium tenia, Kner.
R, Sipi and R. Tamana (Palmer).

Loricariide2.

29. Lasiancistrus caucanus, Eigenm.
R. Condoto (Spurrell).

30. Hemiancistrus mayoloi, Eigenm.

31. Hemiancistrus holostictus, sp. n.

Depth of body 43 in the length, length of head 32. Head

_ broad as long, its depth 1? in its length, length of snout
diameter of eye 7, interorbital width 22. Length of

be bel equal to that of mandibulary ramus or to diameter of
eye. Interopercle freely movable, but with only 2 or 3 very
short spines. Occipital plate with median ridge, bordered
by a single scute; temporal plates keeled. Scutes keeled,
26 in a longitudinal series ; abdomen in great part naked,
scaly in front and at the sides. Dorsal 1 7; base nearly as
long as distance from caudal; first ray longer than head,
reaching adipose fin when laid back ; last nearly 4 as long.
Anal 14. Pectoral spine extending to anterior 3 of pelvics.
Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle nearly 3 times as long
as deep. Head, body, and fins covered with round dark
spots.

A single specimen, 180 mm. in total length.

This species is near H. annectens, Regan, from Western
Ecuador, but differs in the deeper fort m, the larger dorsal
fin, the very small interopercular spines, &e.

32. Pseudancistrus setosus, Bouleng.
R. Tamana (Palmer),

470 * Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of

33. Chetostomus palmeri, Regan.

R. Tamana (Palmer).

54. Chetostomus lepturus, Regan.
R. Tamana (Palmer); R. Condoto (Spurrell).

35. Chetostomus paucispinis, Regan.
R. San Juan (Palmer).

36. Chetostomus marginatus, Regan.
R. Condoto (Spurrell).

37. Ancistrus centrolepis, sp. n.

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 24. Breadth
of head 14 in its length, depth 2, length of snout 2, diameter
of eye 7 to 8, interorbital width 2. Length of mandibular
ramus 32 to 34 in interorbital width. Snout with tentacles,
its upper surface nearly covered with bony plates, leaving
only a varrow naked margin (?). Interoperculum with 10
or 12 spines; longest nearly 2 length of head. 24 scutes in
a longitudinal series ; lateral scutes with the middle 2 or 3
series of spinules enlarged, ending in quite strong spines at
the posterior edge of each scute. Dorsal I 7; base as long
as its distance from tip of spine of adipose fin; first ray # or
5 length of head, last reaching adipose fin when laid back.
Anal I 4. Pectoral spine reaching anterior 4 or middle of
pelvics. Caudal obliquely truncate. Caudal peduncle 22 to
24 as long as deep. Uniformly blackish.

T'wo specimens (2), 150 and 195 mm. in total length, the
larger from Choco, R. San Juan (Palmer).

This species is near A. hoplogenys, differing in the structure
of the scutes and the narrower naked margin of the snout.

38. Loricaria magdalene, Steind.
R. San Juan (Palmer) ; R. Condoto (Spurrell).

39. Sturisoma tamane, Regan.
R. Tamana (Palmer); R. Condoto (Spurrell).

40. Sturisoma panamensis, Kigenm.
R. San Juan (Palmer) ; R. Condoto (Spurred).

the San Juan River, Colombia. 471

41. Cyclopium cirratum, Regan.
R. Condoto (Palmer).

42. Cyclopium ventrale, Kigenm.
Probably a synonym of C, cirratum.

Peciliide.
43. Rivulus elegans, Steind.
R. Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell).

44. Gambusia nigroventralis, Eigenm.

Perhaps a synonym of G. episcopi, Steind.

45. Gambusia caudovittata, sp. n.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 4in length of fish.
Diameter of eye 3 in length of head, interorbital width 24,
Mouth small ; an outer series of strong curved conical teeth
especially prominent in upper jaw. Dorsal 8; origin equi-
distant from posterior part of eye and base of caudal.
Anal 9; origin a little in advance of dorsal. Pectoral #
length of head. Caudal rounded. 30 scales in a longitu-
dinal series. Olivaceous ; a dusky bar across posterior part
of caudal.

One specimen, a female, 25 mm. in total length, from the
Rio Condoto (Spurrel/).

Belonide.
46. Belone fluviatilis, Regan.
R. Condoto (Spurrell).

Cichlide.
47. Cichlosoma (Atquidens) ceruleopunctatum,
Kner & Steind.
R. Condoto and R. Tamana (Palmer).

48. Cichlosoma (Afquidens) biseriatum, sp. n.

Depth of body 2} to 24 in the length, length of head 22
to 3. Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye,
which is 3 to 3} in length of head and about equal to inter-
orbital width Jaws equal auteriorly ; maxillary extending:

472 On-the Fishes of the San Juan River, Colombia.

to below anterior margin of eye ; depth of przorbital 4 to
2 diameter of eye; cheek with only 2 series of scales, rarely
a third series of 2 to 4 scales running upwards and back-
wards from behind angle of mouth to below eye ; preopercle
scaleless ; 5 or 6 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
23 to 26 scales in a longitudinal series, 3 from first dorsal
spine and 1 or 14 from first soft ray to lateral line, 8 rows
below lateral line. Dorsal XV 9-10; fifth to twelfth spines
subequal, + length of head; last spine 2? length of head ;
soft fin pointed, extending to anterior part or middle of
caudal. Anal III 7-8. Dorsaland anal scaleless. Pectoral
nearly as long as head, extending to origin of anal; pelvics
reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 4 to 2
as long as deep. Uniformly dark or with dark longitudinal
stripes or series of spots along the rows of scales; paler
specimens with cross-bars, a lateral blotch, and a small spot
at base of caudal; a blackish spot or ocellus on dorsal fin
between tenth and twelfth spines ; often another in front
of and another behind it; dorsal with pale edge and dark
intramarginal stripe; soft dorsal spotted; lower fins dark-
edged.

Seven specimens, the largest 80 mm. in total length, from
the Rio Condoto (Spurrell).

49. Cichlosoma (Parapetenia) atromaculatum, Regan.
R. Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell) and R. San Juan (Palmer).

50. Geophagus pellegrint, Regan.
R. San Juan (Palmer); R. Condoto (Spurrell).
Atherinide.

51. Thyrina guatemalensis, Gtinth.

R. Condoto (Spurrell).

Gobiide.
52. Philypnus maculatus, Giinth.

R. San Juan (Palmer).

53. EHleotris picta, Kner & Steind.
- R. San Juan (Palmer).

On Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia. 473

54. Chonophorus transandeanus, Giinth.
R. Condoto (Spurrel/).

Symbranchida.
55. Symbranchus marmoratus, Bloch.
R. Condoto (Spurrell).

LVII.—On the Shells known as Gemma, Parastarte, and
Psephidia. By A. J. Jukes-Browne, B.A., F.R.S.

THESE small shells are aberrant members of the Venerida,
which have sometimes been regarded as independent genera
and sometimes as subgenera of Venus or Chione. <A recent
examination of specimens under the microscope has disclosed
the fact that several mistakes have been made with regard
to their internal characters, and has also revealed some
features which seem to have escaped notice. I propose,
therefore, to give a more complete and accurate account ol
these shells, and to indicate a species which has been referred
to Psephidia (=Psephis), but which differs in so many
particulars that it must be regarded as a distinct subgenus,
and, as such, must receive a new name.

1. Gemma, Deshayes.

This little shell was first described’ as Venus gemma by
J. 8S. Totten in 1834*, and was for a long time supposed to
have only two teeth in the right valve, all the text-books
copying Deshayes’s erroneous statement to that effect,
although it is quite clear that Totten and other American
conchologists knew quite well that there were three teeth in
each valve.

The three teeth of the right valve are fairly well shown in
Totten’s figure, and he described the dentition as follows :—
“Teeth divergent, the medial tooth of each valve stout and
triangular, the anterior tooth of the right and the posterior of
the left valve thin and not easily recognized.” The shell
was accepted as a Venus by Gould in 1841 T, who described

* © American Journal of Science,’ vol. xxvi. p. 366 (New York, 1834).
+ Report on Invert. of Massachusetts, p. 88, fig. 51.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. 34

A474 Mr. A. a Jukes-Browne on the Shells

the hinge in Totten’s own words, by Hanley in 1843 *, who
does the same, and by Sowerby in 1852 f.

In 1853, however, Deshayes separated it as a new genus
under the name of Gemma, and printed a Latin description
of the generic characters in his ¢ Catalogue of the Conchifera
in the British Museum,’ p. 112. At the same time he refers
to the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society ? for 1853 as if
they contained a previous description of the genus Gemma;
but no such notice is to be found in that publication. In his
description Deshayes distinctly states that there are “ dentes
cardinales tres in valva sinistra....duo in valva dextra,
divergentes, fossula lata interposita”’; but how he came to
make such a mistake is a mystery, for the right valve of
Gemma shows three widely divergent teeth, the central one
being prominent and bifid. In the left valve there are two
conspicuous teeth with a wide space between them, but there
is also a narrow inconspicuous posterior tooth below the
ligament, which is sometimes nearly obsolete, so that it is
possible that Deshayes wrote “ right ”’ for left valve.

The Messrs. Adams, in 1857, adopted Deshayes’s genus,
and gave an English translation of his Latin description,
thus merely repeating his error}. It is again repeated in
French by P. Fischer §, although he places Gemma as a
subgenus of Venus.

lt was not till 1902 that this mistake was corrected by
Dr. Dall ||, who maintains the accuracy of Totten’s original
description, so far as it goes, and gives a full account of the
different names which have been bestowed on the shell and its
varieties. Dr. Dall accepts Gemma as a genus, and prints a
fresh description of the hinge, the cardinal teeth being
correctly described ; but he asserts that there are also lateral
teeth—an anterior lateral in the right valve and a_ posterior
lateral in the left. Curiously enough, however, he describes
the opposite margins as “deeply grooved” to receive these
‘lateral teeth,” and does not seem to regard the inner borders
of these grooves as lateral teeth, though, according to all
precedent, he should do so.

So far as the facts are concerned, 2. e. the existence of the
ridged margins and the corresponding grooves, Dr. Dall is
quite correct, but as regards the interpretation of the facts I
completely differ from him. If these ridges were lateral

* ‘Catalogue of Recent Bivalve Shells,’ p. 126.

+ ‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum,’ Mon. Venus, p. 737.

t ‘The Genera of Recent Mollusea,’ vol. ii. p. 419 (issued 1857).

§ ‘Manuel de Conchyliologie,’ 1887, p. 1088.

| ‘The Journal of Conchology’ (Conch. Soc. Gt. Brit.), 1902, p. 288.

known as Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia. 475°

teeth the shell would be uniquely abnormal, for, as a rule,
when there is only one lateral tooth in each valve these are
the left anterior and the right posterior. There is no excep-
tion in the Veneridz, and, if there are exceptions in other
families, I do not know of them.

I regard these ridges and grooves as merely a modification
of the interlocking arrangement which is found on the dorsal
margins of many other genera, when lateral teeth are absent.
Dr. Dall has himself described such grooves in many members
of the Veneridz, and he knows very well that the grooves
always occur on the anterior margin of the left and the
posterior margin of the right valve, the opposite margins
being bevelled into long ridges which fit into them. ‘This is
exactly how they occur in Gemma, the only difference being
that the margins are more evenly bevelled into a median
ridge, so that they have rather a deceptive similarity to
lateral teeth; but this similarity should not have deceived
so experienced a conchologist as Dr. Dall.

It appears, however, to have deceived H. C. Lea in 1842,
for Dr. Dall refers to his supposition that Venus gemma was
a Cyrena, and remarks, ‘* This indicates that he had correctly
identified the teeth, which are like those of Cyrena, except
that the laterals in Gemma are relatively weaker, and the
cardinals are not bifid or grooved.” This statement is very
misleading, for, though there are some species of Cyrena in
which the laterals are long narrow ridges, they are both in
the left valve, and they fit between the double laterals of
the right valve, so that the deutition is completely different
from that of Gemma.

I have no hesitation in maintaining that Gemma has no
lateral teeth, for the following reasons:—(1) The ridges
which are supposed to represent them are in opposite valves ;
(2) the anterior ridge is in the right valve, not in the left ;
(3) it is not received between two ridges in the opposite
valve, but merely into a long groove on the margin;
(4) similar ridges and grooves may be seen on the margins of
Gomphina, Katelysta, and other genera.

2. PARASTARTE, Conrad.

The shell which is the monotype of this supposed genus
was described by Conrad in 1845 as Astarte triquetra, but he
subsequently separated it as a new genus under the name
of Parastarte*. His view of its affiuities was accepted by

* Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. xiv. G63).
34°

476 Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne on the Shells
Fischer (1887) and by Dall in 1889, but in 1902 the latter

transferred it to the Veneride, and placed it after Gemma in
his ‘‘ Synopsis of the Veneride,” giving at the same time a
full and accurate description of the shell *.

Purastarte resembles Gemma in most respects, but differs
in two particulars: first, the pallial line is hardly sinuated,
but only slightly inflected ; secondly, the left valve has only
two. divergent teeth, separated by a triangular space to
receive the strong central tooth of the right valve; these two
teeth are clearly anterior and median, so that it is the poste-
rior cardinal which is missing in the left valve, crowded out
by the thickness of the two median teeth and the narrowness
of the triangular hinge-plate.

We have seen that in Gemma this left posterior tooth is
reduced to an inconspicuous ridge, and, asa matter of fact, it is
often obsolete in the variety G. purpurea, so that, as Dr. Dail
himself admits, he at one time actually referred this variety
of Gemma to Parastarte. If, therefore, we consider Par-
astarte as a laterally compressed Gemma, we can readily
understand how this tooth has been eliminated.

I am consequently quite of Dr. Dall’s opinion that this
shell is closely related to Gemma, but I do not consider it
entitled to rank as more than a subgenus of Gemma. It
exhibits similar ridges and grooves on the dorsal margins of
its valves, and it is to be noticed that Dr. Dall has never
ventured to call them lateral teeth, either in his “ Synopsis of
the Venerida:” (1902) or in his ‘Monograph on the ‘Tertiary
Fossils of Florida’? (1903). On the contrary, he describes
the dorsal margins of Purastarte as “ feebly grooved to
receive the edges of the opposite valve.” Again, in his
article on Gemna, above mentioned, he writes :—‘t The
nearest relative of Gemma is the genus Parastarte, Conrad,
which differs chiefly by its obsolete pall:al sinus and the
absence of the left posterior cardinal tooth. Concurrently
the lateral grooving of the margins is less distinct.”
Nothing whatever is said about the ee ridges
which in Gemma he imagined to be lateral teeth! If they
are such in Gemma, why are they not in its ‘ nearest
relative’? ‘The only logical answer is that no lateral teeth
exist in either shell.

In view of the facts and considerations above mentioned,
and of the close relationship between Parastarte and Gemma,
it seems desirable to describe the genus once more, and in
such a manner as to discriminate between the typical form

* Proc, U.S. Nat. Museum, vol. xxvi. p. 365 (1902).

known es Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia. = 477

and the subgenus. It may be added that only one living
species of Gemma (with two well-marked varieties) and one
species of Parastarte are known, and both are inhabitants of
the Atlantic coast of North America ; but two other species
of Gemma have been recorded from the Tertiary deposits of
Florida, The following is an amended description of this
little group of shells,

Genus GEMMA.

Shell small, oval or subtrigonal, smooth or concentrically
striated. Lunule large, superficial, circumscribed. Escutcheon
not defined. Hinge-plate short ; the right valve with three
divergent teeth, the median large and triangular, the other
two narrow and inconspicuous; the left valve with two or
three teeth, the median or its representative being always
bifid. Antero-dorsal margin of the left valve and postero-
dorsal margin of the right valve grooved to receive the
opposite ridged margins. Ventral margins crenulated.

Gemma, s. s—Type, Venus gemma, ‘Votten.

Shell short, striate, white or purplish. Three cardinal
teeth in each valve. Marginal ridges distinct and the grooves
deep. Pallial sinus varying both in shape and size, being
sometimes short and angular, sometimes deep, ascending,
and rounded.

Subgenus ParasrarteE, Conrad,

Type, Astarte triquetra, Conr.

Shell taller than broad, strong, equilateral and subtrigonal,
smooth, yellowish brown in colour. Hinge with three teeth
in the right valve and two in the left. Ligament very short.
Marginal: ridges and grooves narrow. Pallial line only
slightly inflected.

' 3. PsepaipiA, Dall.

A little group of shells was named Psephis by Carpenter in
1864, and was more clearly defined from the type of P. ordi,
Baird, in 1565, but was re-named Psephidia by Dr. Dall in
1902* because he found that the name PsepAzs had been
used in Lepidoptera by Guenée in 1854. The original
Psephis of Carpenter included several species, but Dr. Dall
found that £#. dantilla had an anterior lateral tooth and
belonged to his Zransenel/a, also that the supposed P, telli-
myalis aud P, salmonea were the nepionic young of other

* Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus, vol. xxvi. p. 366.

478 Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne on the Shells

bivalves. In1902,however, he described a second true species
of Psephi's, which he named P. ovalis, and in 1903 he figured
a fossil species from the Pliocene deposits of the Pacific coast
of America.

According to Dr. Dall, the animal presents some peculia-
rities, having the mantle-lobes united below, with only an
anterior opening for the foot; the siphons are short and
simple, and the embryonic young are retained within the
mantle-cavity for some time, so that it is pseudo-viviparous.

The shell is small, oval, smooth, with a feebly defined
Innule and no escutcheon. In the type (P. dordi) there are
three cardinal teeth in each valve. ‘The anterior left and
the posterior right dorsal margins are narrowly grooved, and
the opposite margins are bevelled to form ridges which fit
into the grooves; and there is a distinct angular pallial sinus.
Dr. Dall, however, is mistaken in saying that the teeth are
entire and that the valve-margins are not crenate.

When a valve is examined under a strong lens or an inch
ol jective it is seen that both the median teeth are grooved,
as well as the right posterior. It is also seen that the inner
margin is faintly striated tangentially, as in the case of
’ Transenella, and that it is also minutely crenulated on the
anterior and ventral sides. Such a combination of marginal
characters is very interesting, and, so far as my experience
extends, it is a unique structure.

I have not been able to examine any other species of
Psephidia to see whether they present the same marginal
features, but I should certainly expect to find the tangential
striation, even if there was no erenulation.

With regard to the affinities of Psephidia, the shell has
much resemblance to that of Gemma, but the animals differ
in several important particulars, although they both have the
habit of retaining the embryonic young within the mantle-
cavity. On account of this protective habit Dr. Dall would
unite them into a distinct subfamily; but I cannot agree
with him in regarding it as of more than generic importance.

If the shell of Psephidia is compared with that of Gom-
phina, especially of G'. undulosa, it will be seen that there is
a great resemblance between them, the former only differing
in the angular form of the pallial sinus and in the margins
being curiously sculptured instead of smooth. The two
groups of shells can, in fact, be defined in the same generic
terms, with distinct subgeneric differences. At present we
do not know anything about the animal of Gomphina, ahd it
may be found that its mantle-lobes are united below and that

known as Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia. 479

it has the same method of protecting its young. Until it has
been proved that the animals are different, it seems to me
more convenient to group them together in one genus.

4, Aco.us, J-Br., 1913,

In 1910 Messrs, Cooper and Preston, describing some
“New Species of Shells from the Falkland Islands” *,
referred one of them to “ Psephis” under the name of
P. foveolata. By the kindness of Mr. J. EK. Cooper I have
been able to examine good specimens of this species, and find
that it ditfers in several important respects from Psephidia
(i. e., Psephis). The dentition of the left valve is similar,
except that the posterior tooth is shorter and more oblique ;
but in the right valve there are only two teeth, equally
divergent from the umbo, and evidently representing the
normal posterior and median, so that the anterior is obsolete.
There is only a slight inflection of the pallial line, not a real
sinus, and the valve-margins are smooth, showing no trace of
crenulation or striation except on the dorsal slopes.

‘These dorsal slopes have peculiar features: the left ante-
rior and the right posterior margins are grooved as usual, but
more narrowly than in Psephidia; the left posterior margin
is raised into a low ridge, which is longitudinally but irregu-
larly striated, and the opposing margin of the right valve is
not only grooved, but correspondingly striated inside the
groove. ‘These fine striations can only be properly seen
under a 1-inch objective.

From the above description it will be seen that the shell
referred to Psephidia by Messrs. Cooper and Preston differs
from the type of that genus in the following particulars :—
(1) in the smooth ventral margins; (2) in the peculiar
striation of the posterior dorsal margins ; (3) in the absence
of a left anterior tooth ; (4) in the absence of a pallial sinus.
These differences are, in fact, greater than those between
Gemma and Parastarte, and are quite too great to allow of
the shell being regarded as merely a species of Psephidia.
It must therefore rank as a subgenus, and as it will require a
new name, I now propose that of Acolus, from dkoXos, a
crumb or morsel.

Since, however, I have already proposed to place Psephidia
as a subgenus of Gomphina, and since Acolus can equally
well be brought under the same generic definition, 1 will
conclude by giving a formal definition of the genus Gomphina
and the subgenera which may be attached to it.

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. v. p. 110 (1910).

480 On Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia.

Genus GoMPHINA, Mérch.

Shell trigonal or oval, smooth or concentrically striated,
Lunule superficial and circumscribed, but escutcheon not
defined. Inner ventral margins smooth or tangentially
grooved, Anterior left and posterior right dorsal margins
grooved to receive the bevelled and ridged edges of the
opposite valve. Hinge-plate short and triangular; teeth
divergent, generally three in each valve, the median of both
generally grooved. Pallial sinus small. Pedal scar separate
from that of adductor.

Gomphina, s. s.—Type, Venus donacina, Chem.

Shell trigonal, nearly smooth, and nearly equilateral.
Three cardinal teeth in each valve, medians feebly grooved ;
the left posterior confluent with the nymph and sometimes
rugose, as also is the right nymph. Pallial sinus short and
rounded. Valve-margins smooth.

Subgenus Psrpurpt1A, Dall, 1902.
Type, Psephis lord’, Baird.
Shell small, subtrigonal and subequilateral, smooth.
Hinge with three teeth in each valve, both medians grooved,
left postelior separated from the nymph. Inner margins

tangentially grooved and microscopically crenulated., Pallial
sinus short, triangular,

Subgenus Liocyma, Dall, 1887.

Type, Venus fluctuosa, Gould.

Shell oval, inequilateral, oblique, concentrically striate.
Three teeth in each valve, the medians feebly grooved or
entire. Nymphs smooth. Pedal scar not quite separate

from adductor. Valve-margins smooth. Pallial sinus short
and rounded.

Subgenus Acoxvs, J-Br., 19138.

Type, Psephis foveolata, C. & P.

Shell small, trigonal, equilateral, finely striated. Teeth
three in the left valve, the median prominent, triangular, and
bifid ; two in the right valve, the anterior absent, the median
grooved, and the posterior entire. Dorsal margins irregularly
striated, but ventral margins smooth. Pedal scar separate
from the adductor. Pallial line only slightly flexed.

On Rhynchotragus damarensis variani, subsp. n. 481

LVIII.—Rhynchotragus damarensis variani, subsp. n.
By R. E. Draxe-Brocxman, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.Z.S.

I watery received from Mr. H. F. Varian, from Lobito,
Angola, Portuguese South-West Africa, a dik-dik which
differs somewhat from the typical R. damarensis, Giinther.

The general colour of this dik-dik is brighter and richer
than that of the type-specimen, which was obtained nearly
three degrees to the south, at Omaruru, in German East
Africa. In the present form the pale buffy cinnamon of the
flanks extends on to the chest and abdomen, and does not
fade to white as in the type. The grizzling of the back is
darker, as also are the bases of the long hairs of the back,
while the hairs themselves are shorter and more ‘ stubbly ”
than those in the type-specimen.

The bases of the long hairs of the crest are considerably
darker than in R. damarensis.

There is, unfortunately, no skull to the only other specimen
of this race in the British Museum, the immature specimen
presented by G. W. Penrice, which was shot on the Coporole
River, Angola; so I propose to make Mr. Varian’s care-
fully preserved specimen the type of this northern race, for
which I propose the name R. damarensis variani.

There is httle or no difference in the general coloration of
Penrice’s immature specimen and Varian’s.

The following are the measuremeuts, taken by Mr. H. F.
Varian in the flesh :—

inches,
Beto shoul der? 4/044 Ae ced sie eae Nea 15}
GIFU, OF GHOSE. 2. 0. Wee hes » sivrs he once home eee 15
Diprot nose to shoulders Vas waases a hose veteves 12
x Pe: BOSCH ORI NS og. 5'a, eos) wlel « 6! aah aeopeear ars 26
8 Spd CUCL ONTAD .°3 dhe’. . Ueland uaa 274
Girth @enecie (middle), 15). a» tews't ts < osldweaaele bat 5
PE AIMICREOMN UD atta. otctc!5,e'4 u,5- Gach 4 nse qian ear ae ae wae 2 a
Joa '> DAR I Pane ee Mee ECE NOT ee croCe 3
Weight? (uncleaned )iisAoaenw stad se dads daletats ate 9 lbs.
Horns : inches,
Bonechi, Pipi gamer aaah sae, 0 qo hice 6c 6 ahs «ore « 23
a Lets eaartte ey ao cart oN aoe ieee ot 22
Ofsrimiference st base: a9.) Reed 3 se ae 4
PRUNE pn hejdeod xu «, Sse a Gols PM ker a al 3 dole S

Skull-measurements—The following are the comparative

482 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new
measurements between the skulls of the type-specimen of
R. damarensis and the present subspecies :—

R. damarensis, KR. d. variant,
© (skull imperfect). 3.

mm mm,
Total length fof sill) 423 i el a 118
Basal Aen gen: 4 nypiciden ae es Sia i 99
Condylo-basal length ............ ~~ 105
Greatest width) 24 koi vee talons 38 56
Anterior edge of orbit to gnathion.. 57 53
Posterior _,, 33 4. wa pees 81
Thength of masals aie. Faetioys oypb yee 25°5 19
WAG Siy.a: cha he kee eee er ene eas 10°5 10
Least width between orbits........ 41 38
Upper cheek-teeth ..00..0.....<: 33'5 39
Length of palate in middle line.... 55 52°5
Greatest width of palate .......... 18°5 185
Tip of nasals to gnathion.......... 32 32
Anterior part of interparietal suture
folgnathion Fink esas. ott eke 89 84

In the skull of R. damarensis variani there is a very well-
marked interparietal suture.

Mr. Varian has very kindly presented the above specimen,
which includes skin, skull, and entire skeleton, to the British
Museum of Natural History.

LIX.—Descriptions of Five new Cichlid Fishes from Africa.
By G. A. BouLenGER, F'.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tilapia steindachnert.

Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 24 to 3
times in total length. Head a little more than twice as long
as broad; snout with convex upper profile, as long as broad
or a little longer than broad, as long as postocular part of
head ; eye 33 (young) to 43 times in length of head, equal
to interorbital width or to suborbital depth ; mouth moderate,
about 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye;
teeth small, in 3 series, 40 to 60 in duter row of upper jaw ;
4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to
or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 12 to
14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XLV-XV 12-13 ;
spines equal in length from the sixth or seventh, 4 to not
quite } length of head; longest soft rays about $ length of

Cichlid Fishes from Africa. 483

head. Anal IIT 8-9; third spine as long as and stronger
than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 2 to length of head, nearly
reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or
anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as or

slightly longer than deep. Scales cycloid, 31-33 & st

=; lateral
lines 23%. Brownish above, silvery white beneath; soft
dorsal and caudal with small red spots.
Total length 125 mm.
Several specimens from Dongwenna Swamp and Que River,
Angola, obtained by Dr, W. J. Ansorge in 1907.
Closely allied to 7. ovalis, Stdr.

Tilapia luculle.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total
length. Head a little more than twice as long as broad;
snout with straight upper profile, as long as postocular
part of head, longer than eye, which is 4 “times in length
of head, equals interorbital width, and a little exceeds least
depth of preorbital; mouth rather large, 2 width of head,
extending nearly to below anterior border of eye; end of
maxillary exposed ; teeth in 3 series, outer moderately large,
AG in outer row of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the
cheek, width of scaly part a little less than diameter of eye.
Gill-rakers short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal
XVI 9-10; last spine longest, not quite 4 length of head,
longest soft rays $ to 3. Anal III 8-9; third spine nearly
as long as last dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, not
extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching
vent or origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle
13 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 32-
33 oa ; lateral lace? = aa Brownish; dorsal and caudal with
round blackish spots, the former with a dark brown longi-
tudinal band in its upper portion ; male with the mouth and
ventrals blackish (dark blue in life), and a few large bright
ocellar spots on the anal.

Total length 115 mm.

Three specimens from the Luculla River, Angola, collected
by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in 1910.

Allied to 7. calliptera, Gthr.

Paratilapia corbali.
Depth of body 2} to 23 times in total length, length of
head 2? times. Head twice as long as broad, with steep,
nearly straight upper profile ; snout rounded, as long as

484 On new Cichlid Fishes from Africa.

broad or a little broader than long, shorter than postocular
part of head ; eye as long as snout, 34 times in length of
head, equal to interorbital width and exceeding preeorbital
depth; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye;
teeth rather small, in 5 or 6 series, 50 to 56 in outer series of
upper Jaw ; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part
equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers
short, the largest bifid, 9 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal XIV 11-12; spines equal from the eighth, a little
less than $ length of head, longest soft rays 2 to 2 length of
head. Anal III 8; third spine 4 to 2 length of head.
Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, extending
to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a long
filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate.
Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid,
29 ae lateral lines . Brownish, young with five
indistinet darker cross-bars, and a large dark brown blotch
below the last rays of the spinous dorsal; a black opercular
spot ; small light spots on the dorsal and caudal.

Total length 150 mm.

Two specimens from the Corbal River at Chitole, Portu-
guese Guinea, obtained by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in 1910.

Apparently nearly related to P. dorsalis, Pellegr.

Pelmatochromis multiocellatus.

Depth of body equal to length of head, which is 2 times in
total length. Head 23 times as long as broad ; snout as long
as broad, with slightly convex upper profile, 14 times as long as
eye, which is 4 times in length of head, equals interorbital
width, and slightly exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth rather
large, extending to below anterior border of eye; 2 series of
teeth, outer rather large, 50 in upper jaw; 4 series of scales
on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye.
Gill-rakers very short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch.
Dorsal XVI 10; spines increasing in length to the last,
which measures ? length of head; longest soft ray about %
length of head. Anal III 9; third spine stronger but a little
shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 length of head, not
reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent.
Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep.
Scales strongly denticulate, 32 %; lateral lines $. Brown
above, whitish beneath ; a blackish opercular spot; a
blackish bar below anterior third of eye; dorsal and caudal
fins with very numerous small ocellar spots forming single
series betwecn the rays; anal fin with a few large ocelli.

Total length 120 mm.

On undescribed Species of Cicadidee. 485

A single specimen from the Luculla River, Angola,
obtained by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in 1910.
Closely allied to P. darling?, Blgr.

Pelmatochromis annectens.

Depth of body 22 to 22 times in total length, length of
head 24 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout
rounded, with convex upper profile, broader than long, as
long as eye, which is 33 times in length of head, equals
interorbital width, and exceeds preeorbital depth; mouth
moderate, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in
3 or 4 series, outer rather large, 50 to 66 in upper jaw; 3or
A series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than
diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of
anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9-10; spines gradually increasing
in length to the last, which measures nearly 4 length of
head ; median soft rays produced, aslong as head. Anal III
7-8 ; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral
2 length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal.
Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded.
Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid,

28-29 |; lateral lines . Dark brown, with four
blackish vertical bars on the side ; blackish spots may be
present on the back, alternating with the bars; a black
opercular spot ; fins dark grey, posterior part of dorsal and
anal, and greater part of caudal with numerous small dark
aud light spots.

Total length 85 mm.

Two specimens from the Lower Niger, presented by Mr. J.
Paul Arnold (¢/. his article in Wochenschr. Aq.-Terr. 1913,
no. 37, p. 661, fig.).

Connects P. arnoldi, Blgr., with P. ansorgi?, Blegr.

~LX.—Undeseribed Species of Cicadidee.
By W. L. Distant.

THE principal material for the present short paper is a small
collection of Cicadide made by Mr. Horace Brown at Cue,
N.W. Australia, and forwarded to me by my friend
Mr. Walter W. Froggatt of the Entomological Branch of
the Department of Agriculture, Sydney, N.S.W. The types
ot these new species are all in the British Museum.

Pycna nigeriana, sp. n.

.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous, lateral and

486 Mr. W. L. Distant on

posterior margins of pronotum paler. Head with two large
spots to front, and a spot on each lateral margin of vertex
castaneous, area of the ocelli biack, with a small curved black
spot on each side of same; pronotum with the fissures, a
central subbasal spot, extreme basal margin, and the
posterior lateral margins black; mesonotum with four
obconical spots, the two central ones smallest, a central
arrow-shaped spot lunately widened at base, and two trans-
versely waved spots near posterior margin black or piceous,
at anterior margin between the central and lateral spots
a small ochraceous spot with black margins; abdomen above
castaneous ; body beneath and legs dull ochraceous, more or
less greyishly pilose; tegmina brownish, opaque, the apical
area more or less hyaline, a pale spot in radial area, another
below it in fourth ulnar area, an irregular pale fascia crossing
first, second, and third ulnar areas, pale spots on each side
of the transverse veins at apices of ulnar areas, and pale
and brown spots at apices of veins to apical areas; wings
brownish ochraceous, darkening towards the hyaline outer
margin ; head (including eyes) only a little more than two-
thirds the width of base of mesonotum; pronotal lateral
margins angularly ampliated, the angular apices only about
reaching base of tegminal basal cells ; costal membrane of
teemina prominently arched at base and moderately dilated,
a little broader than costal area; face broad, moderately
tumid, profoundly longitudinally sulcate and laterally strongly
transversely striate; rostrum reaching base of abdomen;
tibize and tarsi more or less castaneous, posterior tibia
strongly spinose; opercula in male short, transversely oblique,
well separated internally, apical margins truncately rounded,
not passing base of abdomen.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 25 mm. ; exp. tegm. 76 mm.

Hab. N. Nigeria; Zungeru and Kano (Dr. W. B.
Johnson, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. neavei, Dist.

Cryptotympana exalbida.

Cryptotympana exalbida, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 92, t. xii.

f. 12, a, 6 (1891); id. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. ii, p. 86 (1906).

My knowledge of this species was confined to eight female
specimens derived from Sikhim and Nilgiri Hills. My. E.
K. Green has now presented us with a male specimen
from Ceylon, which enables the characters of that sex to be
described.

?. Opercula ochraceous, a little longer than _ broad,
centrally moderately overlapping, their apices extending to
posterior margin of the second abdominal segment, outer

undescribed Species of Cicadide. 487

margins nearly straight, apices narrowed and _ obtusely
rounded, inner margins oblique.
Long., excl. teem., 38 mm. ; exp. tegm. 106 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Oduchuddan (Green).

Abricta noctua, sp. n.

Body above black, palely Riese ; ocelli red; a large spot
occupying® each lateral area of the pronotum dull dark
ochraceous; the margins of two central anterior spots and
the whole of two elongate spots—one of which occupies each
lateral marginal area—to the mesonotum castaneous ; abdo-
men somewhat longly palely pilose; face black, the trans-
verse ridges more or less castaneous ; sternum thickly palely
pilose ; legs ochraceous, more or less streaked with black ;
abdomen black, strongly palely pilose on each lateral area,
an ochraceous spot on each side of apical segment; tegmina
and wings hyaline ; tegmina with the venation mostly black,
the costal membrane ochraceous, the upper apical cell and
the bases of the second, third, and fourth apical cells piceous
or black; wings with the venation ochraceous, the margins
of the abdominal area brownish ochraceous ; head (including
eyes) about as broad as base of mesonotum, head with front
subprominent, in breadth about equal to length of lateral
margins of vertex, vertex longer than front ; rane convexly
prominent, central longitudinal sulcation narrow, transveise
striations distinct; rostrum about reaching posterior COXR
opercula transverse, apically rounded, not meeting internally
nor passing base of abdomen ; tegmina with transverse vein
at base of second apical area oblique.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 22 mm. ; exp. tegm. 58 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue Ci. W. Brown, type in Brit.
Mus.).

Parnkalla magna, sp. n.

Head black, palely pilose ; pronotum and mesonotum dark
castaneous, palely pilose ; a central longitudinal line and
extreme posterior margin to pronotum narrowly pale dull
ochraceous, subposterior margin black ; mesonotum with two
small, somewhat obscure, dark obconical spots at anterior
margin ; abdomen dark castaneous, palely pilose, posterior
seomental margins dull ochraceous ; sternum thickly, longly,
palely pilose ; an ochraceous line between face and eyes;
legs dull ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina
with the veins mostly piceous, costal membrane and post-
costal area piceous, inwardly ochraceous, a black fascia
crossing bases of first, second, third, and fourth apical areas ;
wings with the veins paler than those of tegmina; vertex
with two distinct longitudinal ridges between the ocelli, head

488 Mr. W. L. Distant on

as long as pronotum, including eyes about as wide as base
of mesonotum; face prominent, lateral transverse striations
distinct, not centrally longitudinally or very obsoletely suleate;
anterior femora strongly spined beneath ; tegmina long and
slender, more than three times longer than broad; opercula
small and transverse, centrally meeting.

Long., excl. tegm., j 14 mm.; exp. tegm. 45 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia; Cue (H. W. Brown, type Brit.
Mus.).

Diemeniana richest, sp. 2.

Body above black, palely pilose ; lateral margins of vertex,
sulcation between the ocelli, two discal, longitudinal, angulated
spots to mesonotum, basal area of cruciform elevation, and
posterior segmental margins olivaceous brown ; body be-
neath and legs dull dark ochraceous; face (excluding
margins), head between face and eyes, longitudinal streaks
to coxee and femora, apex of rostrum, annulations to tibia,
basal margins of opercula, base of abdomen, and a central,
longitudinal, macular fascia to same black ; tegmina pale,
shining, bronzy brown with scattered small testaceous
mottlings, venation more or less brownish ochraceous,
costal membrane dark testaceous, a black spot with testa-
ceous margins in the fourth ulnar area, and a large black
spot crossing bases of first, second, and third apical areas ;
wings hyaline with testaceous and ochraceous mottlings;
head (including eyes) a little narrower than base of meso-
notum, strongly sulcated between the ocelli; pronotum
centrally longitudinally sulcated ; tympana entirely exposed ;
opercula in male transverse, neaily reaching base of first
abdominal segment, posterior margins rounded; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxee; tegmina almost half as
broad as long, basal cell about twice as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 18 mm. ; exp. tegm. 41 mm.

Hab. Australia, Southern N.S.W., Coomu (Dr. Riches,
type Brit. Mus.).

The only other at present known species of this genus is
from ‘Tasmania.

PARAGUDANGA, gen. nov.

Ilead (including eyes) about as wide as base of meso-
notum, the front broad, depressed, broader than long, almost
continuous with lateral margins of vertex, about as long as
vertex, pronotum about as long as head, its lateral margins
nearly straight but rounded anteriorly, its posterior angles
moderately ampliated, mesonotum (including cruciform
elevation) as long as head and pronotum together ; abdo-

undescribed Species of Cicadidee. 489

men in male longer than space between apex of head and
base of cruciform elevation ; tympana entirely exposed ;
opercula in male short, transverse, widely separated, not
extending beyond basal segment of abdomen; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxe ; tegmina semiopaque, three
times longer than greatest breadth, costal margin neither
arched nor gibbous, basal cell about twice as long as broad,
apical areas eight; wings with six apical areas; anterior
femora not prominently spined beneath.

Allied to Gudanga, Dist., but with the head (including
eyes) not narrower than base of mesonotum, mesonotum
(including cruciform elevation) as long as head and pronotum
together, rostrum only reaching intermediate coxee, tegmina
three times longer than broad, &c.

Paragudanga browni, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; pronotum with
narrow anterior and posterior margins, a narrow central
longitudinal line, and two central spots near base olivaceous
brown ; mesonotum with the margins of two central ob-
conical spots and the basal cruciform elevation olivaceous
brown ; abdomen above testaceous, the base, a central
ae nnatza fascia, and the lateral margins (narrowly)
black ; sternum black, palely pilose ; lateral and apical
margins of face, discal suffusions, and cox ochraceous ;
abdomen beneath ochraceous, a central longitudinal fascia
and the lateral margins (narrowly) black; legs black,
streaked with ochraceous ; tegmina pale fuscous brown, the
veins and costal membrane ochraceous, the veins margined
with dark fuscous brown ; wings sanguineous, nearly apical
third and posterior margin pale fuscous brown; vertex
distinctly sulcated between the ocelli ; face broadly, centrally,
longitudinally suleate, the margins of the sulcation sinuous ;
opercula broader than long, their apices roundly truncate ;
other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., g¢ 20 mm.; exp. teem, 41 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue (H. W. ‘Brown, type Brit.
Mus.).

Melampsalta cuensis, sp. n.

Body and legs virescent ; ocelli red; eyes castancous ;,
tegmina and wings hyaline, ‘the venation virescent, extreme
bases of both tegmina and wings ochraceous ; vertex longer
than front, longitudinally incised between the ocelli; face
moderately globose, central longitudinal sulcation narrow,
the transverse striations not strongly pronounced; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxve ; tegmina nearly three times

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 35

490 On undescribed Speeies of Cicadide.

as long as broad, upper vein to lower ulnar area and lower
vein to radial area fused for about a space equal to two-thirds
the length of basal cell.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 18 mm.; exp. tegm. 50 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue (H. W. Brown, type in Brit.
Mus.}.

Melampsalta sancta, sp. n.

Head black, margins and centre of front, a lateral spot to
vertex, and a spot between the ocelli ochraceous ; pronotum
brownish ochraceous, fissures black, a central longitudinal
fascia and the posterior margin ochraceous; mesonotum
brownish ochraceous, with six black spots, the two central
obconical and fused, on each side of these a small triangular
spot and a long fasciate spot near each lateral margin, a
small round black spot in front of each anterior angle of the

cruciform elevation ; abdomen above black, the posterior
margins of the segments broadly ochraceous; body beneath
and legs ochraceous, central area of face and the ridges,
cheeks, and a longitudinal line to femora black ; vertex
longer than front, sulcate between ocelli ; face longitudinally
suleate for two-thirds its length, transverse ridges fine but
distinct ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxz ; tegmina
and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous or black, extreme
bases of both ochraceous; tegmina about two and a half
times as long as broad, upper vein to lower ulnar area and
lower vein to radial area fused for a space about half the
length of basal cell.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 16 mm. ; exp. tegm. 45 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue (1. W. Brown, type in Brit.
Mus.).

Kobonga froggatti, sp. n.

Head black, ocelli red, base of front with three small
ochraceous spots, vertex with a small ochraceous spot between
the ocelli; pronotum castaneous, the anterior margin (nar-
rowly), the posterior margin (broadly), and a central narrow
longitudinal fascia bright ochraceous, the lateral margins,
subanterior and subposterior margins, and margins of the
central pale fascia black ; mesonotum castaneous, four
obconical spots (the two central shortest and the lateral spots
very long), and the area of the basal cruciform elevation
‘black ; metasternal margins ochraceous; abdomen above
black, posterior segmental margins ochraceous ; body beneath
black, broad lateral margins to face, coxe and trochanters
(more or less), femora beneath, two longitudinal fascia, and
margins of anal appendage ochraceous ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, tegmina with the venation and costal membrane

On new Species of Apide. 491

castaneous, postcostal margin, apical and inner margins
narrowly fuscous, bases of first, second, and third apical
areas infuscated; wings with narrow fuscous margins as in
tegmina, the venation pale castaneous; ulnar areas to
tegmina ‘about half as long again as apical areas ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxe; face broad, narrowly
centrally suleated, the transverse ridges acute - anterior
femora strongly spined beneath.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 31 mm. ; exp. tegm. 86 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue (HH. W. Brown, type in Brit.
Mus.).

LXI.—Four new Species of Apide (Hymenoptera), with
Notes on other Species. By Grorrrey MEADE-WALDO,
M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

IN the following paper four new species of Apide (subfam.
Megachiling) are described. ‘Che most interesting addition
s Thaumatosoma turneri, which brings the number of species
in this curious genus up to three, all described from the male
sex. Three species of Megachile are also described from
Tropical Africa. A number of notes on various species and
points in synonymy which have arisen at various times are
published now for the first time.

All types are in the British Museum, except whiere stated
to the contrary.

TTHAUMATOSOMA, F. Sm.

Thaumatosoma turneri, sp. n

do. Niger, punctatus; antennis infra mandibulisque flavis ; capite,
thorace pedibusque plerumque albido-pilosis, abdominis seg-
mentis 1—3 fasciis apicalibus interruptis albidis ; abdominis seg-
mentis 4—6 plerumque ferrugineis, segmento sexto apice dentibus
parvis instructo; alis hyalinis.

Long. 7 mm.

3. Black; antennze beneath (except the spatulate thirteenth
joint) and mandibles yellowish ; ; anterior legs on the inner
side, tergites 4 and 5 apically, both tergite and sternite 6
wholly red ferruginous. Face and clypeus covered with a
long and dense, postorbits with a sparser, whitish pile; ante-
rior margin of prothorax with two small spots of pale pubes-
cence; pleura and surface of truncation of median segment

somewhat densely clothed with pale pubescence. Abdomen
30%

492 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

with interrupted apical fascize on tergites 1-3, and a complete
fascia on a transverse ridge shortly before the apex of
sternite 2; legs for the most part clothed with whitish
pubescence, that on the anterior tarsi golden. Head and
thorax finely and evenly punctured, the abdomen (especially
the apical segments) more coarsely. Head massive, some-
what broader than thorax; antenne (viewed from above)
tapering towards the thirteenth joint, which is spatulate ;
joints 2 and 3 very short, about equal to joint 4; the re-
maining flagellar joints subequal. Abdominal segment 6
with an apical fringe of small tubercular processes.

Length 7 mm.

QUEENSLAND: Kuranda (type ¢ ), Mackay, on eucalyptus,
Nov. 1899 (G. and R,. EL. Turner); Port Darwin and
Baudin Is. (J. J. Walker).

Ae.

The specimen from Mackay varies slightly from the type
in having the apical fascie complete and the whole of
tergite 5 clothed with a short fulvous pubescence. It is
possible that the ferruginous colouring on the apical tergites
is only visible in specimens from which the pubescenee has
been rubbed off.

The specimens collected by Commander Walker during
the cruise of the ‘Penguin’ are recorded as 7. duboulay?,
Sm., by Cockerell (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p. 221,
1905), but he has since suggested that they are distinct from
that specics.

The three known species of this genus, all described from
males, may be separated as follows :—

1. ( Antenne stouter basally, slender apically
(with exception of spatulate terminal
WOUit) woke wu wie ae rer a Wy
~ Antenne slender, linear (except spatu-
late thirteenth joint), tergite 4 clothed
| with ferruginous pubescence. L. [ Australia.)
IES BS sch oc SARE ee, coe EON Re gore duboulay?, Smith. (West
2. ( Basal flagellar joints strongly contrasted
|
|

to apical joints, the four subapical

joints quite filiform ; abdominal ster-

nite 1 armed with two massive blunt

tubercles; seventh abdominal seg-

ment medially strongly carinate,

carina produced to form a short spine,

sides of segment produced to form

blunt teeth on each side; finely [(Rangoon.)

punetured s/s 1y59 amin: aie. fies ee burmanicum, Bingh.
Antenne gradually narrowing towards

apex; abdominal sternite 1 simple ;

somewhat coarsely punctured. L. [land.)
rat MIL. ae eee sins deme seeeees Curnert, sp. n. (Queens-

new Species of Apidee. 493

MEGACHILE, Latr.

Megachile silverlocki, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; area postoculari, pleuris sternoque sparsim, segmento
mediano, tergitibus 1-3 lateribus, albido-pilosis ; tergitibus 3-5
fasciis apicalibus, 6 omnino ferrugineo-hirtis; scopa ferruginea,
apice pallidiori, metatarsis ili. ferrugineis intus aurantiaco-
hirsutis ; clypeo medio longitudinaliter carinato ; alis fuscis.

Long. 13 mm.

Black; the area behind the eyes, pleura and sternum
sparsely, median segment, and tergites 1-3 postero-laterally
clothed with white pubescence; tergites 3-5 with apical
fascie of ferruginous pubescence, tergite 6 entirely clothed
with ferruginous pubescence. Tarsi on the outside covered
with a pale fulvous pile; metatarsus ili. ferruginous, on the
inside clothed with golden pubescence. Scopa ferruginous,
paler basally. Wings dark fuscous. Whole insect covered
with fine even punctures, with the exception of the mandibles
and clypeus, where it is coarser.

Clypeus convex, truncate, with a conspicuous, median,
longitudinal keel.

Oe 250d o-

Length 13 mm.

&.- Similar to 2 in general facies, but smaller. Clypeus
densely covered with white pubescence ; abdomen apically
bidentate ; anterior coxe and tarsi simple.

Hab. NortH Ruopesia: 70 miles W. of Kariba Gorge,
vi. 1910 (2 type); Algoa and Mburumu, v. 1910, 2 2 9
(O. C. Silverlock) ; Upper Luangwa River and Niamadzi
River, vii. and viii. 1910 (S. A. Neave). BELGIAN CONGO:
Sankisia, ix. 1911, ¢ 2; Bukama, iv. 1911,2 2? 2? (Dr.d.
Bequaert).

Co-types in Musée du Congo Belge.

Megachile mlanjensis, sp. n.

@. Nigra, facie prothoraceque nigro-, sterno, pleuris, segmento
mediano, segmento abdominali primo pedibusque plerumque
albido-hirsutis ; tergitibus 2-6 ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; scopa
ferruginea ; tarsis intermediis metatarsisque li. intus ferrugineo-
hirtis ; capite gibboso, thorace latiori; clypeo brevi, plano; alis
fuscis, venis ferrugineis.

Long. 20 mm,

?. Black ; the face and prothorax with black pubescence ;
pleura, sternum, median segment, tergite 1, and legs for the
most part clothed with white pubescence; tergites 2-6

494. Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

entirely clothed with ferruginous pilosity. Scopa ferruginous.
Intermediate tarsi altogether and metatarsus iil. on the inside
clothed with ferruginous hair. Head subnitidulous, massive,
wider than the thorax ; clypeus flat, twice as broad as long ;
mandibles thick, 4-toothed. The whole insect uniformly
covered with fine punctures, but only the head nitidulous ;
the thorax glabrous.

es

Length 20 mm.

Hab. NYASALAND: Mlanje, 4. xii. 1912 (S. A. Neave).

The following species have a strong superficial resemblance
to one another, owing to the general similarity in the colora-
tion of their pubescence. ‘They may be separated as
follows :—

Black; metathorax with whitish and abdo-

men with a varying amount of whitish

and reddish pubescence; wings fuscous.

1. (2) Head very massive. Length20mm. Cly-

peus considerably broader than long;

mandibles massive, 4-toothed; seg-

ments 2-6 clothed with reddish
pubescence ; scopa reddish ........ M. mlanjensis, sp. n.

2. (1) Head normal. Length 13-17 mm.
3. (4) Clypeus with a longitudinal carina.

Longth haan. sano 'e bs epee oe Hae M, silverlocki, sp. n.
4, (8) Clypeus without a carina. Length 15-

LY TRU oust spe ae Sees Ree M. nigrifacies, Vach.

( =? cradockensis, FY.).

M. chrysorrhea, Gerst., and M. luangwe, M.-Waldo (sub-
genus Eumegachile), belong to this group as regards colour-
pattern.

Megachile (Humegachile) sankisie, sp. n.

©. Nigra, cylindrica, nitida, vix punctata, griseo-hirta ; mandibulis
intus aureo-, clypei lateribus, area postoculari, pleuris, metanoto,
abdominis fasciis apicalibus, preecipue lateribus, scopaque griseo-
pubescentibus ; tarsis intus pallide flavis; alis subfuscis, basi
hyalinis ; mandibulis forcipatis, apice latioribus, vix dentatis ;
terg. 240 et 34° sulcis transversis mediis instructis ; labro rugoso,
sulco longitudinali, lato, subnitido.

Long. 15 mm.

3. Similis 9, sed tarsis anterioribus dilatatis coxisque anteriori-
bus inermibus ; antennarum articulo ultimo spatulato, acuto.

Black, shining, especially the mesonotum and abdomen ;
mandibles within fringed with bright golden-brown hairs ;

———- 9

new Species of Apide. 495

base of mandibles, the clypeus at sides, the area behind the
eyes, mesopleura sparsely, and lateral angles of median
segment profusely, clothed with griseous pubescence, more
profuse at the sides ; ventral scopa griseous. Pubescence on
the inner side of all the tarsi faintly fulvous.

Wings fusco-violaceous, hyaline at apex.

Postscutellum dull, impunctate, the whole otherwise weakly
punctured ; clypeus extremely short, truncate, with a broad
blunt tubercle medially, the surface of the truncation shining ;
mandibles arched, broadest at apex, which is faintly 4-toothed ;
labrum rugose, a broad longitudinal median furrow, shining,
almost impunctate.

Length 15 mm.

3. Similar to 2; anterior tarsi dilated, pale testaceous ;
anterior coxe simple; terminal joint of antenne spatulate,
acute.

Hab. Betatan Conco: Sankisia, viii., ix., 1911 (Dr.
Bequaert), 4 22,4 $d, type in Congo Museum, co-types
in British Museum ; Lualaba River, 2500-4000 tt. (S. A.
Neave), 1 3.

Nomiorpes, Schenck.
Nomiordes pulchella, Schenck, Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. Nassau, xxi., xxii.

p. 312 (1867-8) (1870). oS.
Ceratina cerea, Nurse, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Ixx. p. 152 (1902). g.

Nomioides curvilineata.

Ceratina curvilineata, Cam. Bombay Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. xvii.
p. 1003 (1907).

ALLODAPE, Lep.

The three species described as Prosopes by Colonel Bingham
are all referable to the above genus, two of the species having
been previously described by Frederick Smith. All three
species were in the Distant Collection, now the property of
the British Museum. ‘heir synonymy stands as tollows :—

Allodape variegata, Sm. Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 229. no. 5
(1854).

Prosopis sandaracata, Bingh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 49
(1903).

The types of both these species are from Natal.

Allodape cordata, Sm. Deser. New Spec. Hymen. p. 98. no. 2 (1879).
Prosopis pernix, Bingh, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 49 (1903).

Type of A. cordata from Cape of Good Hope, A. perniz
from Natal.

496 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

Allodape gracilis.
Prosopis gracilis, Bingh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 50 (1903).

Allodape panurgoides, Sm, Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 231. no, 10
(1854).
Allodape ceratinoides, Grib. Bull. Soc. Entom., Ital. xvi. p. 269 (1884).

Specimens of A. ceratinoides from Algoa Bay, Cape
Colony, determined by Dr. Brauns, agree perfectly with
Smith’s type from “ South Africa.”

Allodape pictifrons, Sm. Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 228. no. 2
(1854).

Allodape strigata, Brauns, ? in MS.

The South African specimens (co-types of Dr. Brauns)
differ in no way from A. pictifrons from Sierra Leone.

CERATINA, Latr.

Bingham (Fauna Brit. Ind., Hymen. vol. 1.) and Cockerell
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxi. p. 825, 1905) have dealt
respectively with Indian and American species of this genus.
‘The following two species from Hea (H. W. Bates) may be

noticed :—
Ceratina bicolorata, Sm.

Head, thorax, and abdominal segments 1-3 obscure
bronze, with purple tint, abdominal segments 4-6 greenish ;
clypeus with a deep longitudinal impressed line.

Ceratina longiceps, Sm.

Uniformly bronze-green ; clypeus produced, giving the

head a long appearance, as in some species of /ualictus
( Thrinchostoma).

Ceratina subquadrata, Sm. Catal, Hymen. Brit. Mus. p. 224, no. 7
(1854).

Ceratina sulcata, Friese, Wien. ent. Zeit. Bd. xxiv. p. 18 (1905).
Smith’s species from “SS. Africa” has priority over

C. sulcata, Fr., of which there is a co-type in the British
Museum,

Dioxys, Lep.
Aglaoapis brevipennis, Cam, Entomologist, xxxiv. p, 268 (1901).

This insect, described as the type of a new genus, from

new Species of Apide. 497

Bombay, is a typical Dioxys, very much resembling D. cincta,
Jur.

Through the kindness of Dr. G. Severin and Dr. Ee
Schouteden I have been able to examine a number of the
Vachal types contained in the Museum d’ Histoire naturelle,
Brussels, and the Congo Museum, Tervueren.

The following species require notice :—

Type in Congo Museum.

Megachile brachiata, Vach. (1909)=Mre@acwiLeE (AMEGACHILE) FIM-
BRIATA, Sm. (1853).

Types in Brussels Museum.
Megachile excesa, Vach. (1903) =MEGACHILE (AMEGACHILE) BITUBER-
CULATA, Rits. (1880).
MEGACHILE MELEs, Vach. (1903)= Megachile armatipes, Fr, (1909).

Megachile stuppea, Vach. (1903)=MEGACHILE cIncTa, IF. (1781) (type
in B.M.).

Megachile ancillula, Vach. (1903) =MEGaACHILE VENUSTA, Sm., 9 (1854)
(type in B.M.).

Megachile strictipalmis, Vach. (1903)= MEGACHILE VENUSTA, Sm., ¢.

Type-specimens of Megachile bouyssoni and M. devexa, in
both cases males, were also examined. Both come from the
same locality (Chutes de Samlia) and appear to be identical.
Possibly the females have good characters for separation.

Trigona cearina, Vach. (1903)=TRIGONA CAMEROONENSIS, Fr. (1900).
TRIGONA DENOITI, Vach. (1903) = Trigona clypeata, Fr. (1909).

Melipona punctata, D. T.

TRIGONA PUNCTATA, Sm. (1854)=Trigona mellarius, Sm. (1862)=
Trigona perilampoides, Cress. (1878).

Smith’s type of 7’. mellarius is in very poor condition, but
it is certainly co-specific with his 7. punctata, described at
an earlier date. ‘There is a specimen of TY. perilampoides in
the British Museum from Cresson’s own collection, presented
to Frederick Smith. The coarse thoracic puncturing of this
species is very characteristic.

Megachile luangwe, nom. nov.
Megachile (Eumegachile) neavet, M.-Waldo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(8) x. p. 473 (1912).

A species of Vachal’s (Ann. Soe. ent. Belge, p. 309, 1910)
had already received this specific name.

498 Mr. E. E. Austen on

LXII.—Diptera from the Falkland Islands, with Descriptions
of a new Genus and Two new Species. By Ernest E.
AUSTEN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue Diptera described or mentioned below, with the exception
of two or three specimens from other sources, ferm part of a
small series of Falkland Islands insects collected and recently
presented to the British Museum (Natural History) by
Mr. Rupert Vallentin. Although no more than four species
of Diptera are represented in the collection, at least two
appear to have been hitherto undescribed ; and of these one,
which also belongs to a new genus, is of special interest as
forming an addition to the number of species of Diptera
with reduced wings already known to occur in antarctic or
subantarctic islands.

Dolichopodide.
Genus HyprorHorvs, Wahlb.

Hydrophorus sp. incert.

One 2, north-west corner of West Falkland, ‘found on
ponds ”’ (indeterminable owing to condition).

Syrphidea.
SYRPHINE,
Genus Metanostoma, Schin.

Melanostoma bertrandi, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

3d 3.—Length, ¢ (4 specimens) 66 to 86 mm., 2
(2 specimens) 6 to 7 mm.; width of head, ¢ 225 to
2:°6 mm., 2 just over 2 to 2°4 mm. ; width of front of 2 at
vertex 0°8 mm.; length of wing, ¢ 5°75 to 75 mm., 9? 5°4
to 6°25 mm.

Allied to and in appearance resembling M. stegnum, Say,
of North and South America, but distinguishable owing to
lower margin of face in present species being more prominent
in front and to dorsum of second abdominal segment in 3 being

Diptera from the Falkland Islands. 499

without a triangular metallic spot on each side.-—Dorsum of
thorax metallic bronze-black, scutellum sometimes more bluish ;
dorsum of abdomen (except terminal segment and g hypo-
pygium, which are metallic) dull black, entirely devoid of
yellow or ochraceous * markings, but in 3 with two pairs, m
2 with three pairs of greyish, greyish-metallic, or plumbeous
lateral spots.
Fig. 1.

(oe)

Profile of head of ¢ (enlarged).

Head: profile of face and shape of antennze as shown in
fig. 1 ; head metallic bronze, with a greenish or bluish tinge
on front; face (except tubercle and portion of margin of
buccal cavity immediately below it, which are black) and
occipital region greyish pollinose, the greyish pollinose area
on face far less coarsely and conspicuously punctate than is
the case in M. stegnum, Say ; frontal and vertical triangles
in ¢ clothed with black or dark brown hair, sides of face
clothed with brownish hair in ¢ and with whitish hair in
9 , jowls and basioccipital region in both sexes clothed with
whitish hair, front in 9 clothed partly with brownish partly
with yellowish hair, posterior orbits clothed with pale hair
which becomes more yellowish above, upper portion of poste-
rior orbits in ¢ also with some dark brown hairs ; first and
second joints of antenne clove-brown, third joint dark sepia-
coloured, more or less orange-rufous or ferruginous on inner
side at base below. Thorax clothed with pale yellowish or
whitish hair, dorsal surface of scutellum in ¢ clothed with
dark brown or brownish hair, dorsum of main portion of

* For names and illustrations of colours, see Ridgway, ‘A Nomen-
clature of Colors for Naturalists’ (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company,
1886).

500 Mr. E. E. Austen on

thorax in g also sometimes largely clothed with brownish
hair. Abdomen: dorsal scutes of third and fourth segments
with a more or less rectangular, transversely elongate spot,
as described in diagnosis above, in each basal angle, the
inner extremities of one or both pairs of these spots usually
narrower ; dorsal scute of second segment in ?, but not in
g, with a similar, bluntly triangular spot on each side,
extending to basal angle but not reaching to hind margin ;
lateral margins of dorsal scute of second segment in g more
or less metallic; basal angles and sides of first segment in
both sexes more or less metallic; hair on abdomen whitish-
or yellowish white in both sexes. Wings hyaline or nearly
so (not noticeably infuscated). Halteres mummy-brown or
sepia coloured, stalks somewhat paler. Legs clove-brown,
front and middle tibize and distal two-thirds of front and
middle femora cinnamon-coloured, hind femora, hind tibie,
and first joint of middle tarsi also sometimes more or less
cinnamon-coloured.

Types of ¢ and ?, from East Falkland, and two addi-
tional ¢ ¢ and cne 2, from West Falkiand (R. Vallentin) ;
one ¢, from the “ Falkland Is.,” 1860 (7. Havers) ; and
one ¢, from East Falkland, between November, 1908, and
February, 1909 (Lieut.-Col. A. M. Reid, D.S.O.).

Melanostoma bertrandi also occurs in Patagonia, as shown
by two ¢ g in the National Collection from Valle del Lago
Blanco, Chubut (J. Koslowsky).

According to Mr. Vallentin, this species, which is seen on
the wing only in bright sunshine, is known to settlers in the
Falkland Is. as ‘‘ the bee.” The species has been named in
honour of Mrs. Rupert Vallentin (wée Bertrand), a native of
West Falkland, who first directed her husband’s attention to
the fact that this fly fertilizes the flowers of various species
of Senecio.

Tachinidae.
CALLIPHORINE.
Genus Cauirenors, Rob.-Desyv.

Calliphora erythrocephala, Mg.

One ?, West Falkland.
With regard to the occurrence of this species (the common
European Bluebottle or Blow-Fly) in the Falkland Islands,

Diptera from the Falkland Islands. 5OL

Mr. Vallentin contributes the following note :—“ The
majority of the settlers are of opinion that this pest was not
present on the Islands until the advent of the S.S. ‘ Salem-
bria, which carried frozen mutton to foreign ports. Others
state that this fly was introduced with game sent from time
to time from Monte Video. All the old settlers are agreed
that this Bluebottle was not found on the Islands when the
sheep runs were first started about 1867.”

Dryomyzide.
Przomyta™*, gen. nov.

Allied to Actora, Mg., and Paractorat, Bigot, but distin-
guished from both iter alia by the wings being relatively
minute (see fig. 2), and of dimensions so reduced that the
appendages in question are useless for flight.

Head (for profile see fig. 2, A): face slightly excavated
below each antenna, thus showing two shallow depressions
separated by a somewhat more elevated median strip ; epi-
stoma slightly protruding, but lower margin of median
portion of face not otherwise prominent ; jowls descending
considerably behind, jowls and palpi, especially in @, clothed
with long hair; vidrisse wanting ; size of bristles on vertex
and front as in Actora; eyes similar in shape to those of
Actora, but somewhat smaller ; antenne similar to those of
Actora, arista bare, small, and slender, its terminal segment
only slightly thickened at extreme base. Thorax : dorsum
flattened above, outline of scutellum as seen from above
nearly semicircular.

Thoracic chetotaxy :—Humeral, 1 (very small, short, and
inconspicuous in g, long and fine in ?). Notopleural, 2
(anterior one very small and inconspicuous in ¢). Pre-
sutural, absent in ¢, 1 or absent in 2. Supra-alar, 1 (in
& usually absent or so small as to be indistinguishable),
Post-alar, 2 (often much shorter in g than in 2). Dorso-
central, 3 (in ¢ much smaller than in 9, and, except hind-
most, usually difficult to distinguish). Prescutellar (inner
dorso-central), 1 (very small in g). Scutellar, 2 (apical
usually much the longer). Sternopleural, 2 (usually absent
in g, very slender in 2, asalsoin ¢ when present).

* meds, on foot, walking ; puta, a fly.

+ ‘ Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn,’ t. vi., Zoologie, Insectes, Dy. 38

(1888).—Founded for Paractora fuegiana, Bigot (ibid. Dv. 39), from
Tierra del Fuego.

502 Mr. E. E. Austen on

Abdomen somewhat cylindrical (from third segment
onwards) in g, flattened dorso-ventrally in ?, terminal
segments in g deflexed; g often with sickle-shaped penis

Fig. 2.

(

Pezomyia moseleyi, sp. 0., 3 (X 6). A, profile of head (enlarged).

projecting from hypopygium. Wings showing much indi-
vidual variation in shape, sometimes normal in outline,
sometimes truncate, so that distal margin forms almost a

VE

on

eS LS a

Diptera from the Falkland Islands. 503

right angle with costa; veins coarse; costa without spines,
relatively coarse and stout from end of first to end of third
longitudinal vein; auxiliary (mediastinal) vein indistin-
guishable ; first longitudinal vein very coarse and stout;
anterior transverse vein frequently wanting ; posterior trans-
verse vein usually wanting, so that discal cell is incomplete,
but occasionally present. Halteres with elongate knobs.
Legs: femora swollen ; preeapical bristle present on all tibize
in 3, and at least on front and hind tibie in ?, fine and
hair-like (often difficult to distinguish from surrounding
hair) in ¢, conspicuous in ?; middle and hind tibiz with
strong curved spines of medium length at tips ; first joint
of front tarsiin ¢ armed at distal extremity, on inner side,
with a scutiform tooth of chitin.
Typical species, Pezomyia moseleyi, sp. n.

Pezomyia moseleyi, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

3 ¢.—Length, ¢ (16 specimens) 4°75 to 9 mm., ? (7
specimens) 6 to 7 mm.; length of wing, g 1:2 to 2°75 mm.,
9 1:4to 2 mm.

Dorsum of thorax mummy-brown or sepia-coloured, humeral
calli smoke-grey or drab-grey, traces of a pair of narrow, ad-
median, greyish longitudinal stripes usually discernible on ante-
rior portion of dorsum ; abdomen clove-brown or greyish clove-
brown, in S, except at base, thickly clothed with longish, dark
brown, silky hair; legs raw sienna- or raw-umber-coloured,
conspicuously hairy in ¢.

Head (fig. 2, A) drab-grey or smoke-grey, front, except
orbits (narrowly) and ocellar triangle, darker ; epistoma
raw-umber-coloured ; front and upper portion of occipital
region clothed with minute black hairs or bristles ; jowls
thickly clothed with long dark brown hair in ¢@, in
sparsely clothed with short hair of same colour; palpi ochra-
ceous or tawny-ochraceous, spatulate at distal extremity,
clothed with long dark brown hair in ¢ and with shorter
hair in 9 ; antenne cinnamon-rufous or brownish cinnamon-
coloured, third joint mummy-brown, paler at base, first and
second joints clothed with black hairs, arista cinnamon-
coloured. Thorax: pleure and pectus greyish-cinnamon or
isabella-ccloured, mesopleurz and sometimes also sterno-
pleurze more or less slate-grey, sternopleure clothed with
dark brown hair. Abdomen: second segment in both sexes
nearly twice as long as third; abdomen in 9 sparsely clothed

504 Miscellaneous.

with blackish or dark brown hair, shorter and less fine and
silky thanin @. Wings: costa and first longitudinal vein
buff or ochraceous-buff; anterior transverse vein (when
present) and portions of third, fourth, and fifth longitudinal
veins adjacent thereto usually dark brown. AHalteres: stalks
ochraceous-buff at base, knobs cream-buff or whitish. Legs :
hair dark brown, bristles, spines, and claws black, chitinous
tooth at distal extremity of ner side of first joint of front
tarsi in ¢ black, inner side of first joint of front and hind
tarsi and of distal extremity of front and hind tibize thickly
clothed with appressed, shining ochraceous or orange-ochra-
ceous hair, under side of front tarsi with a longitudinal row
of short black spines, those at base somewhat longer, stouter,
and more conspicuous than remainder ; legs in @ hairy, but
less conspicuously so than in ¢@.

Port North (north-west corner of West Falkland),
17.1. 1910, “on arock, having been driven by the rising
tide from a mass of decaying Macrocystis.”

By desire of the collector and donor, to which the author
has much pleasure in acceding, this remarkable species has
been named in honour of the late Professor H. N. Moseley,
F.R.S., who many years ago met with what was probably the
same fly when he visited the Falkland Islands as a naturalist
on board H.M.S. ‘ Challenger ’ *.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Correction of Generic Name. By C. Forster-Coornr, M.A., Univer-
sity Demonstrator in Comparative Morphology, Cambridge.

Owine to the kindness of Dr. C. W. Andrews, of the British
Museum, and of Prof. Trouessart, of Paris, I learn that the generic
name Thaumastotherium proposed for a new genus of Perissodaciyles
in this Journal (No. 70, 1913, p. 376) is preoccupied.

The generic name Laluchitherium is therefore proposed as a
substitute.

* Cf. “Notes by a Naturalist. An Account of Observations made
during the Voyage of H.M.S. “ Challenger” round the World in the Years
1872-76, under the command of Capt. Sir G. 8. Nares, R.N., K.C.B.,
F.R.S., and Capt. F. T. Thomson, R.N.’ By H. N. Moseley, M.A.,
F.R.S. Newand Revised Edition. (London: John Murray, Albemarle
Street, 1892.) P. 168.

$“O°

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 72. DECEMBER 1913.

LXIII.— Descriptions and Records of Bees.—1.V.
By T. D. A. Cockrreti, University of Colorado.

Nomia muscosa, Cockerell.

This was described from the female; the male hardly
differs in appearance, and has the hind legs very little
modified. The hind tibiz have white hair on the outer side,
and short, shining, purplish-brown hair on the inner, only
well seen in an oblique view. The antenne are dark.
Males before me are from Mackay, Queensland, Jan.,
March, November, 1900 (Turner, 618), and New South
Wales (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 71).

Nomia hippophila purnongensis, subsp. nu.

d.—Head and thorax olive-green, with coppery tints ;
abdomen bright olive-green ; tegule fulvous (or with a
black basal shade), with pallid margins; flagellum black
above, fulvous beneath except at apex ; hind femora much
swollen, metallic green, red at apex; hind tibie mainly
green,

Length about 7 mm.

Hab, Purnong, Australia, two (Fulton; Nat. Mus. Vic-
toria, 159, 217).

N. hippophila, Ckll., is closely allied to N. flavoviridis,
Ckll., and perhaps to be regarded as a southern subspecies.
Males of N. hippophila before me are from “ Windsor,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 36

506 Mr. I. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 187), and near Melbourne
(F. P. Spry; Nat. Mus. Vict. 201, 202, 208, 255).

A new locality for N. flavovir idis is Wagga, N.S.W.
(Froggatt, 154).

Nomia flavoviridis cyanella, subsp. n.

$ —Length about 65 mm.

Head and thorax dark bluish green; abdomen and area
of metathorax dark greenish blue ; legs rufo-piceous, with
metallic tints, hind femora shining greenish blue; flagellum
piceous above, bright ferruginous beneath; tegule rufo-
piceous ; stigma and nervures dull brown ; ‘hind border of
mesothorax ‘with two spots of white pubescence. Tongue
dagger-shaped.

Hab. Cooktown, Queensland, October 1902 ( Turner).

Nomia flavoviridis phanerura, subsp. (sp.?) n

? —Length about 7 mm.

Head and thorax dark bluish green, area of metathorax
yellowish green ; mesothorax dull and granular, the scattered
larger punctures hard to observe, its posterior corners with
patches of white hair ; tegule large, bright apricot-colour.
Wings with the apical field distinctly dusky; stigma and
nervures red-brown. Abdomen with the first segment dark
ereen, the others practically black, but the apical depressed
parts of all the segments shining golden green ; hair-bands
on segments 2 to 4, and patches on sides of first, light
fulvous, bands on 3 and 4 very broad ; fifth segment and
apex ferruginous.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, May 1900 (Turner, 1088).

Resembles N. gracilipes, Smith, in the red apex of abdo-
men, but differs in the colour of head and thorax, of abdo-
minal bands, Xe.

I formerly held this to be the female of true N. flavo-
viridis, but, although it resembles the male in the colour of
the tegule, I believe that the different female associated
(Turner, 434) with flavoviridis by the collector really belongs
to it. This female is larger than phanerura, and has che
mesothorax somewhat shining, with the scattered larger
punctures quite distinct. The tegule, however, are dark
brown, with hyaline borders. The abdominal hair-bands are
white, as in the male. The wings are as in the male, with
broad second s.m,

The female of genuine flavoviridis, as here interpreted, is
also before me from Brisbane, May 20, 1912 (Queensl. Mus.

os

Records of Bees. 5OT

62), and Stradbroke Island, Oct. 2, 1911, and Dec. 3, 1912
(Hacker ; Queens]. Mus. 24 and 78); a male comes from
Brisbane, March 25, 1912 (Hacker; Queensl. Mus. 61). A
smaller, hardly typical female is from ‘‘ Windsor, Victoria’”’
(French; Froggatt, 94), and a series of three still smaller
females, with the general coloration of var. doddii, Ckll.,
comes from Brisbane, Sept. 12, 1911, and March 18, 1912
(Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 23 and 71), and ‘ Rutherglen,
Victoria” (French ; Froggatt, 171). When a row of the
small females, with the apical part of the abdomen golden-
green, 1s contrasted with a row of larger, darker, more blue-
green flavoviridis, it is difficult not to believe that we have
two species. I am, however, at a loss to find any really
satisfactory specific characters, and if there are really two
distinct things, it must be for the Australian entomologists
to demonstrate it.

Nomia gracilipes, Smith.

A female labelled “Gunbower” (J. A. Kershaw; Nat.
Mus. Vict. 66) agrees with Smith’s description, except that
it is about 9 mm. long. The abdomen has the first three
segments dark blue, with patches of pure white hair on the
lateral apical margins, and the remaining segments very
dark red suffused with black. The mesothorax is dull, with
seattered large punctures and small ones between them.
The species is nearest to N. australica, Smith.

Nomia merens, Smith.

This was described from ‘ Australia.” Females before me
from the National Museum of Victoria (67, 68, 257) are
labelled “Wandin” (Jarvis) and “Fern Tree Gully,”
£2, O06 (FP: Spry ).

Nomia ferricauda, sp. n.

2? .—Length about 8 mm,

Black, with the apical depression of the third abdominal
segment, and all the segments beyond, clear ferruginous ;
head broad: face with thin white hair, vertex with brownish-
white hair ; mandibles with a ferruginous patch; tongue
dagger-like ; clypeus irregularly punctured, depressed in
middle ; flagellum obsenre red beneath; mesothorax dull,
with weattered large punctures and nlimicrona extremely
minute ones ; scutellum dull and minutely granular, with
very few large punctures ; area of metathorax Soap poste-

36*

508 Mr. 'T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

rior truncation brilliantly shining, with sparse small punc-
tures ; sides of thorax with white hair, but dorsum with
scanty black hair ; tegule piceous. Wings faintly dusky,
stigma piceous, nervures sepia ; second s.m. rather broad.
Legs dark, with pale hair, ferruginous on inner side of tarsi;
hair of tibie partly dark. Abdomen shining, very minutely
punctured; first two segments with patches of white hair on
lateral hind margins; third and following segments with
broad hands of light orange hair, but extreme sides of third
with a little white.

Hab. Brisbane, Queensland, Sept. 25, 1911, and Sept. 24,
1912 (H. Hacker; Queensl. Mus. 80, 59). One is also
labelled “ Sunnybank.”

Easily known from all other Australian species by the
black and red abdomen.

Nomia grisella, sp. n. (muscosa, subsp. ?).

? .—Length about 9 mm.

Black ; very closely allied to N. muscosa, Ckll., differing
as follows:—Third joint of labial palpi longer; mesothorax
not so hairy, the dull, very finely punctured surface visible ;
hind margins of second and following abdominal segments
light testaceous. Compared with N. gilberti, Ckil., it differs
by the strong keel down the middle of upper part of face ;
reduced metathoracic enclosure, and sides of metathorax
densely hairy right up to enclosure; very dark fuscous hair
on inner side of hind basitarsi, &e. The abdomen is much
less distinctly and strongly punctured than in muscosa,
especially on the first segment. The second s.m. is narrow,
aud the tongue is long and filiform.

Hab. Cape York, Queensland, April 1902 (Turner).

Nomia brisbanensis, sp. 1.

? .—Length 94 mm.

Black, with greyish-white pubescence, the mesothorax
and scutellum with fine grey tomentum, and numerous erect,
bristle-like, black hairs; head broad; tongue elongate
dagger-shaped ; mandibles black, stained with red about
middle; clypeus with irregular subconfluent punctures ;
front dull and granular; flagellum dark red beneath ; meso-
thorax dull and granular ; modified basal area of metathorax
a narrow transverse band, shining and cross-striated, nar-
rowed in the middle, and bounded posteriorly by a sharp rim ;
tegule of moderate size, ferruginous, with the extreme base
fuscous. Wings dusky, nervures and stigma sepia, second

Records of Bees. 509

s.m, comparatively broad. Legs dark, with light hair,
partly dark on tibiz; hair on inner side of basitarsi pale
orange to yellowish white. Abdomen dullish, the minutely
punctured surface appearing granular; a small patch of
white hair at each side of first segment, and entire or nearly
entire conspicuous white hair-bands on second to fourth ;
hair at apex dark reddish fuscous.

d .—Similar iu most respects ; eyes strongly converging
below; broad lower margin of clypeus honey-colour ; an-
tenn very long, the flagellum 5 mm., reddish and strongly
crenulate beneath ; scape red in front ; tongue as in female ;
hind margins of second and following segments pallid ; ante-
rior and middle tibiz at apex and base, and wholly in front,
hind tibize except a large patch on outer side, and all the
tarsi rather dull ferruginous ; hind femora strongly incras-
sate ; hind tibiz also thick, with an obtusely angular projec-
tion on inner side near apex.

I thought at first that this might be a colour-variety of
N. frenchi, Ckll., but the fourth ventral segment in middle is
smooth and shining, with a strong sulcus, which ends a little
before the emarginate apex; whereas the fourth ventral in
Jrenchi is roughened and shghtly ridged in middle, with a
rudimentary sulcus at extreme base.

Hab. Brisbane, Queensland (type-locality), females,
Sept. 18, 1911, and Oct. 3, 1912 (H. Hacker; Queensl.
Mus. 42, 79); Stradbroke Island, male, Dec. 3, 1912
(H. Hacker; Queeusl. Mus. 85). A female with darker
tegule and ochraceous-tinged abdominal bands is labelled
“Oakleigh, Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 183).

Closely related to N. merens, Smith, but less robust and
with much lighter tegule. In N. merens the basal area
of metathorax is not narrowed in the middle. N. generosa,
which is supposed to be the male of merens, has not enlarged
hind femora and tibie.

Euryglossa aurescens, sp. 0.

? .—Length a little over 7 mm.

Similar to £. ephippiata, Smith, but smaller, with the red
thoracic colour much lighter, inclining to orange; post-
scutellum black; wings hyaline; mesothorax less strougly
punctured,

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, Nov. 1891 (Turner, 701).

I had determined this as KH. ephippiata, but the real
species of that name is now before me (Healsville, Victoria ;
Nat. Mus. Victoria, 184), and is clearly distinct.

510 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Euryglossa tridentifrons, sp. n.

¢ —Length nearly 5 mm.

Head and thorax black and chrome-yellow, with a little
pale hair; labrum, mandibles (except reddish tips), whole
of face Belon antennee, very broad lateral face-marks (ending
above middle of front), a large frontal patch (continuous
with the supraclypeal area, sending a narrow pointed process
upward, and having large lateral processes curving over the
antennae), and the cheeks all bright yellow ; antennze rela-
tively short, like those of a female ; scape yellow ; ; flagellum
light ferruginous, a little dusky ANOS: ; front dullish, verte
more s shining ; miceot hones black, not evidently punctured,
the margin and two longitudinal stripes yellow ; scutellum
black, w ‘ith the posterior margin and sides, also the axille,
yellow ; postscutellum black anteriorly, yellow posteriorly ;
metathorax black, reddish at sides, its base dullish, the
truncation shining; prothorax and pleura yellow, marked
with black ; tegule pale reddish testaceous. Wings hyaline,
stigma and nervures pale reddish ; second s.m. longer than
high, receiving the second r.n. nearer its apex than the first
to its hase. Tas yellow, the femora with dark streaks and
the hind tibiz somewhat dusky on outer side. Abdomen
dark reddish, the bases of the segments abruptly and broadly
pale red (only at sides on fourth), these basal bands possibly
yellow in life.

Hab. “‘ Nagambie, Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 194).

A distinct little species, peculiar for the combination of
yellow markings on head and thorax and reddish abdomen,
‘The trifid or tridentate frontal mark is also distinctive.

Euryylossa albocuneata, sp. 1.

? .—Length a little over 5 mm.

Very robust and compact ; head, thorax, and legs black,
with white markings ; abdomen with the hind margins of
the segments pallid; head large and broad ; middle of face
and clypeus depressed, concave; cly peus very delicately
longitudinally striate, with a median impressed line; lateral
face-marks present, consisting of large white triangles, filling
space between clypeus and eye, and “extending above to level
of antennue, the upper outer corner with a very small pro-
jection along the orbit ; flagellum short and stout, obscure
reddish beneath ; upper edge of prothorax narrowly (inter-
rupted in middle), tubercles (except a small spot), and a spot
on the reddish tegule white; mesothorax broad, dull, so

Records of Bees. 511

minutely punctured as to appear granular; metathorax
feebly shining. Wings hyaline, with sepia nervures and
stigma ; b. n. not much bent, falling a little short of t.-m. ;
second s.m. broad, receiving first r.u. very near its base and
the second not so near its apex. Knees and bases of tibiz
more or less white.

Hab. ‘ Windsor, Victoria” (French ; Froggatt, 192).

A very distinct species, not a typical Luryglossa. The
third discoidal cell is not produced apically, as it is in
LL. geminata.

Euryglossa cincticornis, sp. n.

3d .—Length nearly 7 mm.

Black, with long pale hair on face, cheeks, and anterior
femora, but hardly any hair on the dorsal surface ; head
broad; clypeus closely punctured, but shining; suture
bounding clypeus above strongly impressed; front and
vertex dull and granular; scape black ; flagellum very long,
black, with a red band covering two and a half joints above
(more below) beyond the middle ; last jomt broad, com-
pressed, shining on one side; mesothorax and scutellum
very densely punctured, but shining between the punctures ;
area of metathorax shining ; tegule piceous. Wings strongly
dusky, stigma and nervures dark reddish brown; b.n.
moderately bent, falling far short of t.-m.; second s.m. very
much broader than high, receiving first r.n. very near base
and second not quite so near apex; the outer side of third
discoidal cell, if produced upwards, would be parallel with
outer side of second s.m. Legs black, with white hair, inter-
mediate tarsal joints broad and short, with a cup-like outline.
Abdomen broad, black, with a dullish surface; seventh seg-
ment triangular, pointed, with a large, brilliantly shining,
triangular space.

Hab. Warburton, Victoria (F. P. Spry; Nat. Mus.
Victoria, 250).

Evidently related to #. nigra, Smith, but conspicuously
differing in the colour of the legs and venation. These
insects belong to the subgenus Kuryglossimorpha, Strand,
which should, perhaps, be regarded as a distinct genus.

Euryglossa apicalis, sp. n.

dé .—Length about 7 mm.

Rather slender, black, with scanty white hair, that on
cheeks only about half as long as in &, cincticornis ; facial
quadrangle much longer than broad ; mandibles with a red

512 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

subapical band ; clypeus shining, well punctured ; front and
vertex dull; antennz slender, black, the flagellum light
fulvous beneath except apically ; last joint not modified ;
mesothorax and scutellum shining, very distinctly and quite
closely punctured ; base of metathorax shining; pleura dull
and granular ; tegule dark brown. Wings strongly dusky,
stigma and nervures dark reddish ; b.n. falling far short of
t.-m.; first r.n. meeting first t.-c.; second r.n. meeting
second t.-c. ; second s.m. broad, but not nearly so broad as
that of EH. cincticornis. Legs black, with the knees and
anterior tibie in front ferruginous; tarsi dark reddish
brown. Abdomen with surface and colour as in FL. cincti-
cornis, but narrower ; apex pointed.

Hab. Croydon, Australia (S. W. Fulton; Nat. Mus.
Victoria, 166).

Compared with E. tenuicornis, Ckll., this differs by being
less robust, with shorter antenne and different venation.

Euryglossa inconspicua, sp. 0.

? —Length about 5 mm.

Black, robust, with scanty pale hair ; head and thorax
with very faint and obscure dark greenish tints; head
broad ; clypeus shining, punctured, pure black, contrasting
with the greenish sides of face ; front dull; flagellum rather
obscurely fulvous beneath ; mesothorax obscurely g greenish,
purplish black posteriorly, with a sericeous surface Sal very
sparse feeble punctures ; scutellum shining, very sparsely
punctured; metathorax granular, dullish; tegule testa-
ceous. Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma reddish brown,
some of the outer nervures pale ; stigma very large ; b.n.
falling short of t.-m.; second s.m. broad, but its lower side
little longer than its outer, the recurrent nervures joming it
near base and apex; the outer side of third discoidal cell, if
produced upward, would be practically parallel with outer
side of second submarginal. emara black, with red knees ;
tibiz and tarsi bright ferruginous. Abdomen broad, black,
shining, the hind margins of the segments obscurely reddish.

Hab. Purnong, Australia (S. W. Fulton; Nat. Mus.
Victoria, 222).

Curiously like Pachyprosopis atromicans, Ckll., also found
at Purnong, but differing in sculpture as well as venation,

Euryglossa fasciatella, Cockerell.

I have before me both sexes labelled ‘* Cheltenham,
Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 189, 185). The male, not

Records of Bees. 513

previously known, is about 64 mm. long, black, with much
loose long hair, which is faintly ochreous above ; ; antennee
dark, the flagellum very faintly reddish beneath ; all the tarsi
light reddish ; anterior tibiae ferruginous basally and in
front ; hind tibize chestnut-red, with glittering white hairs ;
all the knees red.

Pachyprosopis aurantipes, sp. 0.

6 .—Black, with bright orange-yellow legs and scape ;
flagellum pale fulvous, dusky above; labrum and mandibles
yellow ; 5; eyes converging below and face densely covered
with appressed, shining, light brownish-golden hair. Except
for the sexual differences, this looks exactly like P. ango-
phore, Ckll., but it seems to be a distinct species, having the
mesothorax and scutellum sparsely and feebly punctured,
whereas they are closely punctured in angophore.

Hab. “ Windsor, Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 197).

The following key separates the species of Kuryglossa and
Pachyprosopis described above from each other and from
several other species :—

Miesothoraxreds aa.esciccines ontario ct Olt

Mesothorax not red........... rere ah ae
1. Postscutellum red; wings dusky .,.... L. ephippiata, Sm.
Postscutellum black; wings clear...... E. aurescens, Ckll.
2. Mesothorax blue. (Croydon; Fulton,
Nat. Mus; Viet. 198.) 2.0.4 22% Pach. hematostoma, Ckll.
Mesothorax black (very faintly greenish
in £. mconspicua) .62.. 6.0%. s ; 3.
3. Mesothorax with yellow stripes cand
MR RREAIT a aicl ating coca s, 5 saat e oie ane, wis ae L. tridentifrons, Ckll.
Mesothorax without yellow stripes and
margin (rudiments of these in £2. cadii-
opsiformis, VOOR) OREO opSGESE 4,
4, Face with light markings ............ 5.
RAUL CT: eae 6.
5. Light markings two large creamy-white
‘Jateral marks . Ech avahebent Peiaars cses E. albocuneata, Cll.

Light markings yellow, and not contined
to lateral marks; faint traces of yellow
mesothoracic bands. (“ Rutherglen, [var. a
Victoria”; French, Froggatt, 170.) .. E. calliopsiformis, Ckll.,
6. Legs entirely bright orange .......... Pach. aurantipes, Ckll.

EOLA we apet ane ae how ss nal alates as
7. Male flagellum black, with a red ring on
forand' @halt joints’. . i\..i¢s sta E. ecineticornis, Ckll.

Male flagellum beneath light fulvous,

with the apex broadly black, con-

trasting; hind tibie black.......... EB. apicalis, Ckil,
Fi: igellum GLHerwise® Asa ken «ns Racaree 8.

10.

ful

14.

16.

. Upper outer angle of second s.m, not
greater than a right angle; tibie and
tare ired’ ghia Mh Hoe) tele cae cele mere

Upper outer angle of second s.m. greater
thane richtianeley) jo jccte. severe

. Stigma pallid, (Purnong; Fulton, Nat.

Mints YV TCG 2 Os) cnr toi essere bisiscye ets
Stigma dark sepia. (Croydon; Fulton,

Nat. Mus. Vict. 190, 162: aiso

Windsor; French, Froggatt, 190.)

Larger species, with black hind tibie ..

Smaller species, with red hind tibie....

Mesothorax dullish, without strong

punctures... 6.2.2.2. eee se eee eee

Mesothorax with strong punctures;

abdomen metallic or submetallic ....

2, Disc of mesothorax with strong punc-

tures. (Croydon; Fulton, Nat. Mus.
IEE OD cs eit hi core oie eyes ia uae
Disc of mesothorax with sparse feeble
PUMNCTUTES . 0... 0.0... eee re etre eaaee
. Larger; sides of mesothorax more finely
punctured; flagellum dark. (Croy-
don; Fuéton, Nat. Mus. Vict. 237:
also Dandenong, Nov. 1902; 7. Ker-
shaw, Nat. Mus. Vict. 164.) ..... 51
Smaller; sides of mesothorax more
coarsely punctured ; flagellum fulvous
bereath. (New South Wales; Nat.
Mus. WictsiGa)) ee eeu rece
Mesothorax not evidently punctured
Mesothorax closely punctured ; males ..

5. Middle tibise clear red) Saeei -eseel

Middle tibize dark except at base; male.
Flagellum apricot-colour above and_be-
neath. (National Park; Lea, 10711;
Frogpatt, Wovs)is 23 < anwe corte ol aee
Flagellum dark, at least above. (National
Park; Zea, 10717; Froggatt, 142:
also variety with flagellum light red
beneath; ‘“Nagambie, Victoria”’;
French; Froggat, 195.) ........ ee

Mr. C. Forster-Cooper

on new

9.
10.

[var. a,
Pach. atromicans, Ckil.,

Pach, atromicans, Ckll.
ile

14,

E. fusciatella, Cll.

12.

E. nigrocerulea, Ckll.

15.

EE. depressa, Sm.

E. jucunda, Sm.

15.

16;

E. inconspicua, Chl.
E. fasciatella, Cll.

EB. chrysoceras, Ck.

E. regine, Ck.

LXIV.—New Anthracotheres and allied Forms from Balu-

chistan.—Preliminary Notice. By

(©. ForsTer-Cooper,

M.A., University Demonstrator in Comparative Mor-

phology, Cambridge.

THE following forms are part of a large collection from the
Upper Oligocene deposits of Dera Bugti in Baluchistan.
With the exception of fig. 1 all the figures are of natural
size.

Anthracotheres and allied Forms. Pa Ws

Gelasmodon gracilis, gen. et sp. n.

The type-specimen (fig. 1) is a fairly complete mandible of
long and slender build, somewhat similar to that found in
the genus Ancodon, as, for example, that of Ancodon
gorringet*, It presents, however, certain minor differences
in general shape and very pronounced differences in the
dentition.

The mandible has, in the first place, a very marked curve
along the lower border, which rises gradually from the point
of greatest depth betw een the second and third molars up to
the end of the symphysis. In A. gorringet the border is
straighter, sloping up a little from the same point of greatest
depth, and then flattening out or even turning down some-
what at the symphysis.

Fig. 1.

The dentition is peculiar. here is a closed series of three
molars and four premolars. A long diastema then separates
the first premolar from the next tooth, which is presumably
the canine. This tooth is very small and only just cuts the
gum ; its position is marked by the arrow in the figure. In
front of this tooth the alveolar border is exceedingly thin,
sharp-edged, and without trace either of teeth or of any
sockets to contain them. It would appear that this aninal
was toothless in this region or else had the teeth much
reduced, as there is hardly. enough substance at the edge of
the jaw to carry an average- -sized incisor such as is found
in the genus Ancodon generally. he position of the first
premolar close against the second is also a point of difference.

* Andrews, ‘Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayam’
(British Museum).

516 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on new

The structure of the premolars forms a clearly distin-
guishing feature. They are remarkable for a curious orna-
mentation in the pulling out of their edges into a number of
pointed styles in a manner best explained by the figure
(fig. 2), which shows the inner sides of the four premolars.
The molars do not show this feature, but are very hypsodont
and selenodont.

Fig. 2.

ap Nay ae
3 — a ss

The jaw measures 40 cm. in length and 5:7 cm. at its
greatest depth.

Brachyodus pilgrimi, sp. 0.

The type-specimen consists of a third upper molar of the
right side, with sockets of the first and second molars and
part of the maxillary bone as high as the lower border of the
orbit. The tooth only is drawn in the figure (fig. 3). This
form closely approaches B. giganteus in tooth-pattern, but is
larger and considerably wider in proportion to its length, the
measurements being over 5°3 cm. for the breadth (the outer
part of the parastyle is broken away, or the breadth would be
a little more) and 4:1 for the length. The tooth is very

ae a

Eee

Anthracotheres and allied Forms. 517

brachydont, the enamel coarsely striated, and there is a fairly
well-marked cingulum all round except on the outer border.
The depth from the socket of the last molar to the lower
border of the orbit is approximately 8°5 cm.

A comparison of this specimen with about twenty or more
fragments of B. giganteus and LB. hyopotamotdes makes it
unlikely that it can be an extra large specimen of one or other
of these two forms. ‘There is, nevertheless, a very wide range

= ( y

”
i

ZT NY nik 4
PX)
ai SD) AC A
n fii, ui

NS

of variation in size in these two forms, some specimens of
hyopotamus being larger than giganteus, as, indeed, the type
is. Pilgrim, however *, finds that in his collections giganteus
is, on the whole, the larger form.

Hemimerya lydekkeri, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

The type-specimen is a right maxilla with the three molars
and the last premolar. With this fragment are associated
a left maxilla with three molars and some separate teeth.
The premolar has two cusps, the outer being extremely
crescentic and produced into a strong loop at each corner.
The cingulum is well marked all round the tooth.

The first molar is too worn to admit of much description.
The second and third molars may be described together: there
are only the four principal cusps, all extremely selenodount

* Pilgrim, “The Vertebrate Fauna of the Gaj Series in the Bugti
Hills &c.,” Palwontologia Indica, new series, vol. iv. memoir 2 (1912),

518 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on new

except that the hinder horn of the protocone is reduced and
doas not turn towards the middle of the tooth. On the outer
side the parastyle and mesostyle are prominent and_ the
“barrels” of the paracone and metacone well marked, a
point of distinction from /Z. blandfordi (Lyd.), where they
are stated to be weakly developed. ‘lhe metastyle is well
developed on the last molar, but very weak on the second.
This is due to the size of the parastyle of the last molar,
which curls round the metastyle of the second and prevents
its development. It seems probable, therefore, that the type-
tooth of HI. blandford’, which shows a weak parastyle, is the
second and not the third molar.

The characters of this genus, according to Lydekker * and
Pilgrim f, are (1) the absence of a protoconule, (2) a promi-
nent and complete mesostyle, (3) an incompletely crescentic
protocone. i

The genus Telmatodon (Pilgrim) differs chiefly in its
greater bunodonty, in the presence of a very small proto-
conule, and, as far as my specimen (7. e. of Velmatodon) 1s
concerned, in having smooth enamel. ‘The two genera,
however, are closely allied.

In addition to the form under discussion, three species of
Hemimeryx have been deseribed—blandfordi (Lyd.), pusillus
(Merycopotamus pusillus, Lyd.), and speciosus (Pilg.); the
last two are small forms, while b/and/ord?, if the tooth is the
last molar, approaches the present form more closely in size,
but differs in the form of the paracone and metacone.

* Lydekker, Ree. Geol. Sury. Ind. xi. p. 80,
+ Pilorim, loc. cit.

Anthracotheres and allied Forms. 519

Measurements :—

Length. Breadth.
em. cm.

1 gh) Ao Ie Sa Sabre 2°3
1 alae ghee eae Sins Meo cateaacnete 2°6 27
Le «ard rani a Eaee 5 3°2 3°35
yes el es ieee eee a9 36

Microbunodon sminthos, spon. (ig. 5.)

The type-specimen is a fragment of a mandible with the
last two molars. It somewhat resembles Anthracotherium
gresslyi (Lyd.) in size and general appearance, but differs in

the proportions of the teeth, which are less broad for their
length. All the cnsps are very bunodont and brachydont,

the protocone being the only one which is at all crescentic.
The talonid is broad.

Measurements :—

Length. Breadth.

cm. em
Miners Gravois ; O85 0-6
IY (i siege: a enobemrats % Py He ie! 1°35 Or
Depth of ramus below M3 ...... 2°35 em.

Brachyodus strategus, sp. n. (Fig. 6.)

Among a rather large variety of lower jaws and teeth are
one or two specimens which do not seem to fit in with any of
the upper Jaw fragments, nor can I find them mentioned or
illustrated in Pilgrim’s report of his collections from the
same locality *, ‘he present specimen and the next one to
be described seem to have characters sufficient to give them
specific rank.

B. straiegus is represented by a third lower molar of the
left side. It is much too large to serve for B. pilgrimi
described above: in fact, it would serve for the smaller
varieties of Anthracothertum magnum. The reasons, however,
that it is placed in the genus Brachyodus are, firstly, the
considerable selenodonty of the inner cusps and, secondly,

* Pilgrim, Joc. cit.

520 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on new

the fact that the posterior arm of the hypoconid unites with
the entoconid, a point brought out by Pilgrim. Moreover, [
have a number of fragments belonging to the Anthraco-
therium magnum-bugtiense group, and the lower molars of

27)
th
(as

fo) Cl

=
‘Ma
Vy
Sy;
Sy
3
=

Pe WA \(\')\ SNS
Ll

these present very great differences from the tooth under
discussion.

The measurements of the tooth are :—

em
Tenothk Lette te sles ctonmot oan Gate 79
Bread themmonitebiallipeeg ee ieerir renters 37
2 nid eal | ao Siete eas te $ stehagere o7

Brachyodus (?) obtusus, sp. n. (Fig. 7.)

This tooth is also a third left lower molar. It is a stout
tooth, very brachydont and bunodont. Its chief peculiarity,

however, lies in its shape, the front half being much broader
than the hind half, which gives it a striking appearance.

Anthracotheres and allied Forms. 52a

The talonid is broad, there is an absence of secondary cusps
in the transverse valleys, and no cingulum, except a small
ledge at the front outer edge. The centres of the cusps lie
rather close together, and their sides slope very gradually
down to the level of the socket.

Measurements :—

em,

Wear ENG Fa 282 Oy [ot wats SEE No tae cere 57
Breadth; ditont half. isd. Dipre cicero © 36
hind half». sb te tudue eta ox 30

”

Hyotherium (?) jeffreys?, sp. n. (Fig. 8.)

The type-specimen is a fragment of a palate showing the
second and third premolars on the right side and the third
and fourth premolars and first two molars on the left.

The molars are square in shape, with a stout cingulum in
front, which in the first molar continues outside and behind,
while in the second it ceases round the metacone, to reappear
as a small tubercle on the middle of the hinder border. ‘The
cusps are all conical, except that the protocone and hypocone
in each tooth send out a ridge forwards and diagonally
-across, presumably to a protoconule and metaconule respec-
tively, though these cusps are not very prominent. ‘Ihe
enamel is somewhat weathered, but shows a good deal of
wrinkling into secondary cuspules.

Of the premolars, the fourth has two well-marked outer
cusps joined by various wrinkles of the surface to an inner
cusp. The third is the same in general pattern, but the
posterior outer cusp 1s smaller and the inner cusp slopes
away behind to a circular depression in the talonid. (In the
figure this is better shown in the left tooth.) The second
premolar has two outer cusps, the hind one again being

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 37

522 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

rather the smaller. The cingulum, again, shows the same
depression behind, but to a less extent, and hardly forms an
internal cusp.

The palate is narrow, and the fragment, viewed from the
upper surface, indicates a longish and rather pointed snout.

The attribution of this species to the genus Hyotherium is
tentative.

I name this species after my friend Dr. W. M. Jeffreys,
who accompanied me on my first expedition to Baluchistan
and to whose energy and skill in collecting I owe a great
deal.

‘The measurements of the teeth are :—

Length. Breadth.

em. em
PME Pera ey as bin sty sie 0:7 0:55
PME rere cis wore ttenes 0-8 0:7
AME SEY RATAN 0-75 08
EME AVR Meek SERB ant b hs 1-0 1-0
NEP paid se epee ee due eee 1-0 1:1 (front half).

LXV.—Characters of new Genera and Species of Terrestrial

Mollusca from Norfolk Island. By H. B. Preston,
P20.

‘THROUGH the kindness of Messrs. Gregory M. Mathews and
T. Iredale, all the terrestrial and fluviatile shells collected by
Mr. Roy Bell during his recent prolonged stay on Norfolk
Tsland have been handed to the author, from which material
the following species are diagnosed, no figures being given
at present, as it is intended to do this in a forthcoming work
dealing exclusively with the fauna of that island and the
adjacent islets,

DENDROLAMELLARIA, gen. nov.

Shell vitriniform, transparent, with smooth apical whorls
and minutely transversely striate last whorl.

Genotype: D. mathewsi, Preston.

The genus, which is arboreal in its habits, resembles
almost exactly in form the marine genus Lamellaria; it
probably belongs to the family Limacide.

Dendrolamellaria mathews?, sp. n.

Shell rather large, whitish, transparent, shining, with

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 523

exserted spire ; whorls 3, the first very small, the remaining
two very rapidly increasing, the last sculptured with very
fine, microscopic, closely set, transverse, silky strise ; suture
impressed, narrowly margined below; columella margin
curvedly excavated above, very obliquely descending below ;
labrum submembranaceous at the extreme edge, advancing
in front, receding above and below; aperture very large,
ovately subrectangular.

Alt. 15°5, diam. maj. 18-75, diam. min. 14 mm,

Aperture: alt. 12°25, diam. 14 mm.

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

ALLENOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell thin, corneous, depressedly turbinate or almost
planulate, imperforate, microscopically spirally striate.
Genotype: A. basisprralis, Preston.

Allenoconcha basispiralis, sp. n.

Shell turbinate, thin, semitransparent, polished, shining,
pale reddish brown ; whorls 5, flattish, regularly increasing,
the last rather sharply angled at the periphery, marked with
radiate growth-plicee, and sculptured with microscopic, closely
set, wavy, spiral strize; suture rather lightly impressed,
narrowly margined below ; base of shell convex, sculptured
with similar striz to those on the spire ; columella outwardly
expanded, obliquely and rather steeply descending ; labrum
acute; aperture obliquely, broadly, and compressedly sub-
lunate.

Alt. 2°5, diam. maj. 4°5, diam. min. 4 mm.

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

Allenoconcha belli, sp. n.

Shell small, depressedly conoid, with somewhat convex
base, slightly polished, yellowish brown; whorls 4, regu-
larly increasing, the last angled at the periphery, microscopi-
eally sculptured with fine, wavy, closely set, spiral strie ;
suture impressed, narrowly margined below; columella
margin white, narrowly reflexed throughout, somewhat
oblique, curved ; labrum simple ; aperture very broadly and
a little obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 3°5, diam. min. 3°25 mm.

Hab. Steel’s Point, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

37*

Mr. H. B. Preston on new

|
bo
—

Allenoconcha mathews?, sp. n.

Shell depressedly turbinate, pale yellowish brown ;
whorls 5, regularly increasing, the last angled at the peri-
phery, microscopically sculptured with very fine, slightly
wavy, Closely set, spiral strize; suture impressed, very
narrowly, callously margined below ; columella margin a
little reflexed above, very obliquely descending in a slight
curve, a well-defined, light, parietal callus joining it with the
upper margin of the labrum; labrum simple; aperture
obliquely subcrescentic.

Alt. 2°25, diam. maj. 4°75, diam. min. 4°25 mm.

fab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (R. Bell) ; also taken by
Mr. Bell on Mount Pitt and at Steel’s Point.

Allenoconcha mons-pittensis, sp. n.

Shell perforate, small, depressedly orbicular, polished,
shining, yellowish brown, shading in the subsutural region
to greyish ; whorls 5, flattened, regularly increasing, the
last sharply angled at the periphery, marked with indistinct,
radiate, transverse growth-plice, crossed by very fine, micro-
scopic, closely set, wavy, spiral strie, which become almost |
obsolete on the base of the shell; suture lightly impressed,
narrowly margined below ; perforation very narrow, almost
covered by the flattened and rather hooked outward expansion
of the basal parietal callus; columella margin interiorly
thickened into a broad, excavately arched, pillar-like callus
which extends both interiorly and exteriorly as a_ basal
parietal thickening ; labrum acute, projecting in front of the
pillar-like columella callus ; aperture obliquely and rather
compressedly sublunate.

Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 4°25, diam. min. 3°75 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

Allenoconcha perdepressa, sp. n.

Shell small, very depressed, somewhat iridescent, corneous ;
whorls 4, regularly increasing, the last angled at the peri-
phery, marked with radiate transverse plice, and sculptured
with exceedingly fine, closely set, microscopic, spiral striz ;
suture impressed, narrowly margined below; columella
margin very obliquely descending ; labrum simple ; aperture
obliquely and very compressedly and broadly sublunate,

Alt. 1:25, diam. maj. 3°25, diam, min. 3 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 525

Allenoconcha royana, sp. n.

Shell small, very depressedly turbinate, in colour greenish
brown; whorls 5, regularly increasing, the last angled at
the periphery, sculptured with very fine, microscopic, closely
set, wavy, spiral striz, and marked with radiate growth-plice ;
suture impressed ; columella margin very obliquely de-
scending; labrum simple, outwardly extending above, re-
ceding below ; aperture obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 4°75, diam. min. 4 mm.

Hab. Duncombe Bay, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

Allenoconcha congener, sp. n.

Shell differing from JZ. royana in its darker colour, which
is of a deep reddish-brown shade, less depressed form, and
less oblique columella margin.

Alt. 8°25 (nearly), diam. maj. 4°75, diam. min. 4°25 mm.

Hab. Duncombe Bay, Norfolk Island (A. Bell).

GREENWOODOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell turbinate, with somewhat convex base, imperforate,
moderately solid, finely spirally striate.
Genotype: Mvcrocystis nux, Sykes*.

Greenwoodoconcha tomi, sp. n.

Shell turbinate, with convex base, reddish brown, polished,
shining ; whorls 43, regularly increasing, the last considerably
angled at the periphery, sculptured with slightly curved,
transverse plice and rather closely set, wavy, spiral stria,
which become finer on the last whorl; suture impressed,
margined below, the margin being also spirally striate;
columella margin reflexed, almost perpendicularly descending
above, obliquely curved below, diffused above into a well-
defined, whitish, parietal callus which reaches to the upper
margin of the labrum; labrum simple; aperture rather
obliquely broadly sublunate.

Alt. 3, diam. maj. 5°25, diam. min. 4°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2, diam. 2°5 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

* Proc. Malac, Soc. London, vol. iv. 1900, p. 139, pl. xiii. figs. 4 & 5.

526 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

ROYBELLIA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell very depressed, thin, horny, yellowish brown, trans-
versely costulate, strongly and acutely carinate at the peri-
phery, the termination of the costule projecting beyond the
margin of the carina,

Genotype: Trochonanina platysoma, Sykes *.

Roybellia depressa, sp. n.

Shell differing from Tvrochonanina platysoma, Sykes, in
its much more depressed form, the spire having a laterally
concave appearance, the transverse costule are finer than in
T. platysoma, and the surface of the shell is microscopically
granulate, while the peripheral carina is produced into a pro-
jecting flange; the base is also less inflated, thus almost
entirely eliminating the umbilical depression which is seen in
Sykes’s species.

Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 6°5 (nearly), diam. min. 5°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1°5, diam. 3 mm.

Hab, Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

Fretum microstriatum, sp. n.

Shell depressedly turbinate, without trace of colour;
whorls 43, the last ascending a little in front, regularly and
rather rapidly increasing, sculptured with very fine, wavy,
closely set, microscopic, spiral strize, and marked with fine,
indistinct, transverse growth-plice; suture rather lightly
impressed; base of shell moderately convex; columella
margin callously thickened and inwardly bulging above, then
slightly excavatedly curved, and obliquely descending below ;
labrum simple; aperture broadly and depressedly sublunate.

Alt. 10, diam. maj. 16, diam. min. 14 mm.

Aperture: alt. 8, diam. 8 mm.

Hab. Norfolk Island, subfossil in sand near the limestone

quarry on the S.H. coast (2. Bell).

Advena campbellii (Gray), var. charon, var. n.

Shell differing from the typical form in having the earlier
whorls of a dark crimson colour, below which the whole shell,
with the exception of the supersutural, extreme carinal
margins and the columella, is of a uniform blackish-brown
colour.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (&. Bell).
* Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. iv. 1900, p. 140, pl. xiii. figs. 16, 17.

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 527

Advena campbellii nepeanensis, subsp. n.

Shell much broader and with less elevated spire than has
A, campbellii (Gray) * from Norfolk and Phillip Islands.

Alt. 15, diam. maj. 27, diam. min. 23°5 mm,

Hab. Nepean Island, in subfossil condition only (2. Bell).

Fanulum testudo, sp. n.

Shell roundedly turbinate, with strongly carinate periphery
and very slightly convex base, yellowish, irregularly trans-
versely banded and mottled with reddish chestnut above,
the transverse banding becoming paler and less marked on
the base of the shell; whorls 5, regularly increasing, marked
only with transverse ridges, which assume a more definitely
sculptural appearance on the latter half of the last whorl;
suture very lightly incised, narrowly, but coarsely callously
margined above; columella margin white, obliquely de-
scending, bearing an oblique, oblong, tooth-like projection
above; labrum simple, acute, receding below; aperture sub-
rectangular; interior of shell showing the reddish-chestnut
markings through the test.

Alt. 4°5, diam. maj. 7°75, diam. min. 7 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2°5, diam. 3 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

QUINTALIA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell imperforate, turbinately conic, minutely spirally
striate, angled at the periphery.

Genotype: Caracolla stoddarti, Gray ft, from Phillip
Island.

Hab. Norfolk Island and immediately adjacent islets.

The above genus includes, besides the type-species, Helix
flosculus, Cox t, and the subspecies below described, which
would seem to be intermediate between C. stoddarti and
H. flosculus, both of which have been erroneously placed in
the New-Zealand genus Carthea, the former by Sykes §, the
latter by Pilsbry ||.

* Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1834, p. 65; Reeve, Conch. Icon., Helix,
spp. 488 & 765. .

+ Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, p. 65.

} Id. ibid. 1865, p. 695 ; Journ. de Conch. xiv. 1866, p. 48.

§ Proc. Malac. Soc. London, iv. 1900, p. 142.

| Man. Conch. ser. 2, viii, 1892, p. 77.

Mr. H. B. Preston on new

Or
bo
oO

Quintalia stoddarti intermedia, subsp. n.

Shell intermediate in form and size between Caracolla
stoddarti, Gray, from Phillip Island, and Helew flosculus,
Cox, from the mainland; though only found in a subfossil
state, some specimens Blow vividly the subperipheral chestnut
band, as well as traces of the transverse colour-blotches above
the periphery.

Alt. 8, diam. maj. 13, diam. min. 11°25 mm.

Aperture : alt. 6°75, diam. 6°75 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in subfossil state only (2. Bell).

MATHEWSOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell imperforate, heliciform, depressedly turbinate, spirally
striately sculptured, with thickened and inwardly bulging
columella.

Genotype: M. belli, Preston.

Mathewsoconcha belli, sp. n.

Shell rather small, turbinate, dark reddish purple, orna-
mented with a narrow, peripheral, yellowish band, which
appears as a subsutural band on the upper whorls ; whorls 4,
the last slightly angled at the periphery, flattish, sculptured
with fine, closely set, wavy, spiral striz, and marked with
coarse, irregular, and also rather closely set, oblique growth-
plicee ; suture impressed ; base of shell moderately convex,
the spiral sculpture of the spire becoming subobsolete on this
portion of the shell ; columella margin whitish, outwardly
reflexed, obliquely descending and bulging a little inwards in
the median part, then slightly notched and again descending
obliquely below, spreading above into a very fine, almost
imperceptible, minutely granular callus which reaches the
upper margin of the labrum ; labrum acute, rapidly receding
below ; aperture obliquely, compressedly, and rather broadly
sublunate ; interior of shell bluish, showing the peripheral
band through the test.

Alt. 6, diam. maj. 9°25, diam. min. 8°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4°5, diam. 4 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (£. Bell).

Mathewsoconcha albocincta, sp. n.

Shell rather small, somewhat depressedly turbinate, reddish
yellow, ornamented with a narrow, white, peripheral band ;
whorls 4, regularly increasing, sculptured with oblique, radiate,

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 529

transverse plicee, and rather indistinct spiral striz ; suture
impressed ; base of shell somewliat convex ; columella margin
eallously thickened, forming with the parietal wall a small
notch above, below which it descends obliquely to form an
obtuse angle with the labrum below ; labrum simple.

Alt. 5:5, diam. maj. 8°75, diam. min. 7°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4, diam. 45 mm,

Hab. Norfolk Island, subfossil in sand near the limestone
quarry on the 8.E. coast (2. Bell).

Mathewsoconcha vexillum, sp. n.

Shell conoidly turbinate, in subfossil condition white,
strikingly painted with a rather narrow, reddish-crange,
suprasutural band, which appears as a peripheral band on the
Jast whorl ; whorls 5, regularly increasing, the first two a
little flattened above, the remainder moderately convex,
bearing traces of very fine spiral strie, and marked with
numerous fine oblique growth-ridges ; suture impressed ;
columella margin descending obliquely, developed throughout
almost its whole length into a medianly excavated projection,
and diffused above into a thin, well-defined, parietal callus
which reaches to the upper margin of the labrum; labrum
acute, receding below ; aperture broadly and compressedly
obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 6°25, diam. maj. 9, diam. min. 8 mm,

Aperture: alt. 4°5 (nearly), diam. 3°5 mm.

Hab. Limestone Quarry, Norfolk Island, in subfossil
condition only (&. Bell).

BELLOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell imperforate, heliciform, turbinately conic, marked
only with transverse growth-plice.
Genotype: B. elevata, Preston.

Belloconcha elevata, sp. n.

Shell imperforate, conically turbinate, in subfossil con-
dition white without trace of colouring ; whorls 5, regularly
increasing, convex, smooth, but for rather oblique growth-
ridges; suture impressed, narrowly margined below ; colu-
mella margin outwardly calloused, descending in a curve ;
labrum acute; aperture very obliquely broadly sublunate.

Alt. 11, diam. maj. 14°75, diam. min. 12°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 6°25, diam. 6°75 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in subfossil state only (A. Bell).

530 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

Belloconcha compacta, sp. n.

Shell imperforate, turbinate, in subfossil condition pale
yellowish white, showing traces of a rather narrow, white,
peripheral band; whorls 43, very slightly convex, marked
only with oblique growth-lines ; suture impressed; base of
shell moderately convex ; columella margin narrowly, out-
wardly reflexed, obliquely descending and curved below ;
aperture subovate.

Alt. 6°5, diam. maj. 10, diam. min. 9 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4°5, diam. 4°25 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in subfossil state only (2. Bell).

Belloconcha norfolkensis, sp. n.

Shell somewhat depressedly turbinate, obtusely carinate at
the periphery, thin, corneous, light reddish brown, painted
with a very narrow sutural baud of dark chestnut and
a slightly broader, whitish, peripheral band; whorls 4%,
regularly increasing, rather flat, coarsely sculptured with
oblique radiate riblets ; base of shell somewhat shining, obso-
letely minutely granulate ; suture impressed, narrowly mar-
gined below ; columella tinged with dark chestnut, sharply
curved and outwardly expanded above, white and somewhat
bulging inwards below; labrum acute, simple; aperture
irregularly sublunate.

Alt. 6°5, diam. maj. 10, diam. min. 9 mm,

Aperture: alt. 5°25, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Nortolk Island.

ITREDALEOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell heliciform, depressed, corneous, imperforate, having
a widely grooved suture, which is continued on the last whorl
as a supraperipheral channel.

Genotype: J. inopina, Preston.

The present genus is at first sight almost identical with
Diepenheimia, which inhabits the Obi Islands, Dutch Kast
Indies * ; this latter is, however, perforate, while both the
species of Lreduleoconcha which have as yet come to light are
quite devoid of all trace of perforation.

Tredaleoconcha inopina, sp. n.

Shell small, imperforate, suborbicular, depressedly conoid,
yellowish, semitransparent, polished, shining; whorls 33,

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol, xii. 1913, pp. 438-434,

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 531

regularly increasing, the last channelled above and carinate
at the periphery, the apical whorls smooth, the later whorls
marked with irregular transverse growth-ridges, and sculp-
tured with very distinct, closely set, spiral strie; suture
narrowly callously margined above, deeply channelled below,
the sutural channel being continued as the supraperipheral
channel on the last whorl; base of shell inflated, bearing the
same sculpture as on the spire ; columella margin descending
in a very oblique curve; labrum acute, notched at the
termination of the supraperipheral channel ; aperture
obliquely sublunate.

Alt. °75, diam. maj. 2, diam. min. 1:75 mm.

fab. Limestone quarry, Norfolk Island; also found on

Mount Pitt (2. Bell).

Iredaleoconcha caloraphe, sp. n.

Shell rather depressedly turbinate, brown ; whorls 5, regu-
larly increasing, the last narrowly channelled above and
carinate at the periphery, sculptured with fine, closely set,
spiral striz, and marked with oblique transverse growth-
plicee; suture channelled, bearing an erect callous ridge
above, bordered on the upper side by a rather deep but very
narrow groove; base of shell inflated, also sculptured with
fine revolving striw; columella margin vertically descending
for a short distance, then sharply angled and very obliquely
descending below ; labrum acute, notched at the termination
of the supraperipheral channel ; aperture broadly and
obliquely subcrescentiec.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 4°25 (nearly), diam. min. 3°75 mm.

Hab. Duncombe Bay, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

PITTOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell imperforate, corneous, turbinate, swollen, peripherally
carinate, spirally striate, and transversely costulate,
Genotype: L. concinna, Preston.

Pittoconcha concinna, sp, n.

Shell small, turbinate, with inflated spire, thin, horny,
dark blackish brown; whorls 4, regularly increasing, the last
strongly carinate at the periphery, sculptured with coarse,
closely set, very oblique, and somewhat curved, transverse
plicee, crossed by indistinct spiral stria, which are more
noticeable on the apical whorls and base of the shell ; suture
impressed ; base of shell inflated ; columella margin white,

532 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

thickened, almost vertically descending, bulging inwardly in
the median part; labrum simple, receding below ; aperture
subovate.

Alt. 1:75, diam. maj. 3 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (A. Bell).

Nitor retinaculum, sp. n.

Shell small, depressedly conic, thin, transparent, somewhat
shining, yellowish brown; whorls 4, regularly increasing,
the last subangled at the periphery, sculptured only with
rather closely set, oblique, arcuate plicee, which are more
noticeable on the Jater convolutions ; suture impressed ;
columella margin curved above, very obliquely descending
and thickened inwardly into a whitish loop-like lamella,
visible through the test; labrum acute; aperture obliquely
and compressedly sublunate.

Alt. 1°5 (nearly), diam. maj. 3, diam. min. 2°5 mm,

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Nortolk Island (2. Bell).

MACGILLIVRAYELLA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell depressedly turbinate, small, vitreous, somewhat
broadly perforate.
Genotype: J. erystallina, Preston.

Macgillivrayella crystallina, sp. n.

Shell small, depressed, orbicular, white, semitransparent ;
whorls 34, sculptured with rather fine, somewhat closely set,
oblique, arcuate strie, which become obsolete on the base of
the shell ; suture deeply impressed; umbilicus wide, mode-
rately deep ; columella margin descending in a curve;
labrum acute, receding below ; aperture roundly sublunate.

Alt. 1, diam. maj. 2°5, diam. min. 2°25 mm.

Hab. Norfolk Island.

J OHANNESOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell minute, vitreous, turbinate, multispiral, umbilicate.
Genotype: J. multivolva, Preston.

Johannesoconcha multivolva, sp. n.
Shell minute, turbinate, thin, white, polished, shining ;
whorls 5, rather rapidly increasing, the last scarcely ascending
in front, faintly marked with lines of growth ; base of shell

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 533

radiately striate ; suture well impressed; umbilicus mode-
rately wide, deep, well-like; labrum simple; aperture
obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 5, diam: maj. 1°25 mm.

Hab. Norfolk Island, under dead leaves (Macgillivray,
June 1855).

Johannesoconcha pusillior, sp. n.

Shell differing from J. multivolva in its smaller size, more
depressed form, and less well-like umbilicus, the margin of
which is much less abrupt.

Alt. °25, diam. maj. 1:25 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Norfolk Island.

Johannesoconcha minuscula, sp. n.

Shell very minute, depressedly turbinate, in subfossil con-
dition white; whorls 34, regularly increasing, marked only
with faint transverse growth-stria ; suture impressed ;
umbilicus moderately narrow, deep, well-like; columella
margin obliquely descending; labrum acute; aperture very
broadly and depressedly subcrescentic.

Alt. °25, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Limestone Quarry, S.E. coast of Norfolk Island,
where it occurs in a subfossil state (R. Bell).

Charopa mathewsi, sp. n.

Shell small, orbicular, planulate above, widely umbilicate
below, chestnut-coloured throughout; whorls 44, regularly,
but rather slowly, increasing, the last descending, the
embryonic wherls smooth, the remainder sculptured with
regular, radiate, rounded costule, the interstices being
occupied by fine, closely set, transverse strize crossed by very
fine and indistinct spirals; columella margin slightly re-
flexed above, obliquely descending ; labrum simple ; aperture
obliquely subquadrate.

Ait. *75, diam. maj. 2°5, diam. min. 2°25 mm.

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

Charopa sororcula, sp. 0.

Shell allied to C. mathews?, but lighter in colour, being of
a yellowish-brown tint; it is also much smaller, though
having the same number of whorls, the sculpture is finer,
though similar in other respects, the apex is slightly exserted,
the last whorl does not descend, and the aperture is narrowly

534 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

ovate, having the appearance of being laterally compressed,
while in C. mathewsi it is compressed above and laterally
dilated.

Alt. °5, diam. maj. 1°5 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

CrYPTOCHAROPA, gen. nov. (ndodontide).

Shell planulate, incrusted with an agglutinated mass of
earth and vegetable matter, whieh broadens out at the peri-
phery into a serrated fringe.

Genotype: C. atlantotdidea, Preston.

The agglutinated covering which is present in every
individual seen by the author, and which is extremely hard
to remove even after several days of soaking, would seem to
be a habitual generic character. The shell has a superficial
resemblance to Charopa, though probably having no close
relationship with that genus.

Cryptocharopa atlantoididea, sp. n.

Shell of moderate size, very depressedly orbicular, almost
planulate above, covered with an agglutinated mass of foreign
matter which broadens at the periphery into.a coarse saw-like
fringe or projection, and beneath which the shell is of a
reddish-brown colour; whorls 5, regularly increasing, the
last strongly angled at the periphery, sculptured with coarse,
irregular, somewhat radiate, transverse, and rather distant,
wavy, spiral striz, the latter becoming obsolete on the base
of the shell; suture deeply impressed ; umbilicus very wide ;
columella margin excavatedly angled above, obliquely curved
below ; labrum simple, receding below, projecting in front;
aperture subcircular.

Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 3°75, diam. min. 3°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1:25 (nearly), diam. 1°25 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (#. Bel/).

The above measurements were taken after the agglutinated
foreign matter had been removed from the shell.

Paralaoma orestias, sp. 1.

Shell rather small, turbinate, somewhat shining, pale
yellowish brown flecked with blotches of white ; whorls 5,
the last subangulate at the periphery and descending in
front, sculptured, especially on the lower whorls, with arcuate,
slightly distant, transverse costule; suture impressed ;

— a

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 539

umbilicus moderately narrow, deep ; columella margin out-
wardly reflexed, descending in a curve, diffused above it into
a parietal callus which reaches to the upper margin of the
labrum ; labrum having the extreme edge submembranaceous ;
aperture ovate.

Alt. 1, diam. maj. 2-25, diam. min. 2 mm.

Hab. Mouut Pitt, Norfolk Island (2, Bell).

Paralaoma perminuta, sp. n.

Shell minute, depressedly turbinate, thin, horny, pale
brownish yellow ; whorls 4, regularly increasing, sculptured
with somewhat obsolete, transverse, arcuate plice; suture
impressed ; base of shell not very convex, sculptured with
slightly wavy and closely set, punctate, revolving striae ;
umbilicus moderately wide; columella margin obliquely
descending ; labrum simple ; aperture compressedly sub-
lunate.

Alt. °25, diam. maj. 1°25 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

Paralaoma depressior, sp. n.

Shell allied to P. perminuta, but considerably larger and
having an additional half whorl; the last whorl is con-
siderably flattened above and strongly angled at the peri-
phery, the colour is darker, being in the present species of a
dark brownish-amber shade ; the columella margin descends
almost vertically and the aperture, though somewhat com-
pressed towards the base, is obliquely subovate; the system
of sculpture is altogether that of P. perminuta.

Alt. °75, diam. maj. 2°25, diam. min. 2 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island, in several localities
(R. Bell).

NORFOLCIOCONCHA, gen. nov. (EZndodontide).

Shell minute, subhyaline, turbinate, with open umbilicus,
sculptured with transverse riblets ; aperture armed with two
parietal lamelle and two lamella on the outer wall.

Genotype: Lndodonta norfolkensis, Hedley *.

Norfolcioconcha iota, sp. n.

Shell very minute, depressedly turbinate, in subfossil

* Rec, Austr. Mus., Sydney, vol. iii. p. 152, pl. xxviii. figs. 4, 5, 6.

536 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

condition white, vitreous, shining ; whorls 4, regularly in-
creasing, radiately finely costulate ; suture impressed ; base
of shell sculptured with revolving striz ; umbilicus narrow,
deep, well-like; columella margin obliquely descending ;
aperture somewhat compressedly sublunate, armed with four
erect plaits, of which two are on the parietal wall, one below
the other, and two on the outer wall, similarly situated.

Alt. ‘25, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Limestone Quarry, S.E. coast of Norfolk Island,

where it occurs in a subfossil state (22. Bell).

Succinea humerosa, sp. n.

Shell allied to S. norfolkensis, Sykes *, but differing from
that species in being rather narrower in form and in having
the last two whorls conspicuously shouldered above and below ;
the aperture is also rather longer and narrower than in
S. norfolkensis.

Alt. 18°5, diam. maj. §°5, diam. min. 5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 8, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in a subfossil state only.

Succinea nepeanensis, sp. n.

Shell elongate, whorls 3, rapidly increasing, moderately
convex, the last very long ; suture well impressed ; columella

margin curved, narrowly calloused; labrum simple, some-
what bent inwards over the aperture above ; aperture ovate.
Alt. 14°75, diam. maj. 7°25, diam. min. 5°5 mm.
Aperture: alt. 9°25, diam. 5°75 mm.
Hab. Nepean Island, in a subfossil condition only (R.

Bell).
Tornatellina norfolkensis, sp. 0.

Shell subulately cylindrical, thin, fragile, semitransparent,
smooth, polished, shining, pale reddish brown; whorls 6,
the first very small, the second proportionately large, the
remainder regularly increasing, marked only with irregular
erowth-plice ; suture impressed, very narrowly margined
below, columella whitish, developed into a rather twisted,
inwardly projecting fold, and extending above into a light,
well-defined, and somewhat restricted parietal callus, which
reaches to the upper margin of the labrum; labrum simple ;
aperture inversely auriform, bearing a single, curved, erect,
white, entering, parietal lamella.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°25 mm.

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

* Proce. Malac. Soc. London, iv. 1900, p. 144, pl. xiii. fig. 12.

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. O37

Tornatellina norfolkensis moohuensis, subsp. n.

Shell differing from ZT. norfolkensis, Preston, in its very
slightly shorter and much broader form, and in the parietal
lamella, which, in the present species, is quite obsolete.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°5 mm.

flab. Moohu Stone, a small islet off the coast of Norfolk

Island (2. Bell).

Tornatellina norfolkensis nepeanensis, subsp. n.

Shell allied to both 7. norfolkensis and T. moohuensis, but
differing from the former in its much broader form and from
the latter in its more tapering spire, more rounded whorls,
and well-developed parietal lamella.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°35 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island (R. Bell).

With the exception of Vallonia sp., which is exceedingly
plentiful, this and the following are the only living species
of land-mollusca found upon the island.

Tornatellina duplicilamellata, sp. n.

Shell fusiformly ovate, polished, shining, yellowish
brown; whorls 5, regularly but rather rapidly increasing,
somewhat inflated, marked only with growth-strie ; suture
impressed ; columella margin white, twisted, bearing a short
projecting lamella above, descending below inanalmost vertical
curve ; aperture rather obliquely inversely auriform, fur-
nished with a well-developed, entering, parietal lamella.

Alt. 2°25, diam. maj. 1°5 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Nepean Island (2. Bell).

Palaina norfolkensis, sp. n.

Shell moderately small, sinistral, fusitormly ovate ; colour
of type-specimen pale yellowish, but varying in individuals
from pure white to yellowish and delicate flesh-colour ;
whorls 6, convex, the first two small, the third large in
proportion, the remainder regularly increasing, the apical
whorl quite smooth, the second showing signs of very oblique,
obsolete, transverse ribbing, the third finely and rather
closely costulate; the fourth and remainder beautifully sculp-
tured with slightly distant and oblique, erect, transverse,
blade-like costule, the interstices on all four last whorls
sculptured with fine, closely set, wavy, spiral striz ; suture
deeply impressed; umbilicus very narrow; labrum con-

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 38

538 Hon. N. C. Rothschild on new

tinuous, vitreous, showing under the microscope the con-
centric growth-markings, broadly expanded except in the
parietal region, where it is considerably contracted, not
reflexed, circumference ovate; aperture circular, set well to
the left of the axis of the shell ; operculum thin, corneous,
yellowish white, paucispiral, with central raised nucleus.

Alt. 2°5, diam. maj. 1:25 mm.

Hab. Stockyard Creek, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

Palaina belli, sp. n.

Shell small, sinistral, roughly ovate, dull white shading to
pale flesh-colour, with reddish-brown apex ; whorls 5, con-
vex, the first two small, the third proportionately large, the
remainder regularly increasing, the two apical whorls quite
smooth, the remainder sculptured with closely set, wavy,
spiral strize which become considerably coarser on the last
whorl, crossed by not very erect, rather oblique, transverse
costule ; suture deeply impressed ; umbilicus narrow, deep ;
labrum continuous, outwardly expanded, sublaminiferous,
circular; aperture large for the size of the shell, subcircular.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°75 (nearly) mm.

Flab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (A. Bell).

Differing from the preceding chiefly in its smaller size, it
having one whorl less, in the more closely set and less erect
and blade-like costule, coarser spiral strie, the circular
circumference of the labrum, and in the comparatively large
size and more central position of the aperture with regard to
the axis of the shell.

LXVI.—Five new Siphonaptera from Astatic Russia, collected
by W. Riickbetl. By the Hon. N. Cuarxes Roruscnixp,
M.A.

[Plates XIV. & XV.]

Onz of the two species described below belongs to the genus
which we call Ctenophthalmus, Kolen. We dealt with this
generic name at some length in Nov. Zool. 1911, p. 80, and
came to the conclusion that its type is a species with three
genal spines. A.C. Oudemans, in a recent note on Siphon-
aptera (Entom. Berichten, 1913, p. 341), maintains, on the
contrary, that musculi is the type. He says :—“ The genus
Ctenophthalmus is well defined by Kolenati by the words

Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russta. 539

‘hat vor den Ocellen kleine bewegliche Ctenidien.’”? The
only European species of flea, Oudemans continues, which
conforms to this definition is musculi, Dugés. Oudemans, it
will be noticed, identifies (without further consideration)
the “movable ctenidia”? mentioned by Kolenati with the
spine-like frontal bristles found in musculi and allies, 7. e. in
the genus which we eall Leptopsylla. ‘These frontal bristles,
however, are by no means the ctenidia of Kolenati’s descrip-
tion of Ctenophthalmus. The list of species which Kolenati
gives as belonging to Ctenophthalmus proves that the
** movable ctenidia in front of the ocelli”? are nothing else
but the genal ctenidia, which are present in all the species
Kolenati mentions, while the frontal spiniform bristles are
found only in the one species to which he refers as ¢alpe.
Moreover, the whole context shows clearly that Cteno-
phthalmus was meant to comprise all the species with pro-
notal and genal combs. It was, in fact, a composite genus
with a very general definition, and without any fixation of a
type. We go even further, maintaining that Kolenati did
not know of the existence of the spiniform frontal bristles of
musculi, Dugés. He does not mention them anywhere, nor
are they indicated in the figure which he gives of musculi
(1863). We consider, therefore, Oudemans’ action as
being based on an erroneous premise, and shall continue to
use, as did Kolenati in his later papers, the name Cten-
ophthalmus for bisoctodentatus and allies.

It may be mentioned in passing that Oudemans is also in
error when stating that mwusculi is the only European species
with “ movable ctenidia in front of the eyes”? in Oudemans’
sense. There are several such species in Europe, one of
which (bidentatus, Kolen.,=monoctenus, Kolen.,= sobrinus,
Roths.) was already known to Kolenati besides musculi.

1. Ctenophthalmus dolichus, sp. n.
(PE XIV: figs. 1,2.)

3 ?.—A near ally of Ct. caucasica, Tasch. (1880), but at
once distinguished by the longer bristles of the hind tarsus
and by the modified abdominal segments.

The pronotal comb contains fourteen spines. The longest
apical bristle of the hind tibia extends to the apex of the
first tarsal segment or beyond, the corresponding bristle of
this segment reaching to the apex of the second segment,
and the second segment has three apical bristles extending
beyond the apex of the fourth. Several of the other bristles

38*

5-40 Hon. N. C. Rothschild on new

of the hind tibia and hind tarsus also are longer than in
Cl. caucusica.

The clasper (Cl) of the ¢ (fig. 1) is produced distally into
a very long and straight process, P’, which is longer than
in any of the allied species. The dorsal apical angle of the
clasper is rounded (P?) and bears three long bristles and
several small ones. The movable exopodite F is as large as
in Ct. caucasica. Its ventral margin is distally somewhat
concave. The ninth sternite (1x.st.) is less obtuse and
bears more bristles than in Ct. caucasica. The seventh
sternite of the ? (PI. XIV. fig. 2, vi.st.) is bisinuate, the
lower sinus being very shallow. The apex of the segment is
divided by these excisions into three lobes, the ventral lobe
hardly at all projecting, the second one being broad, short,
and strongly rounded, and the third much narrower and
longer than the second. The ventral row of bristles of the
eighth sternite (virrst.) ends with one short stout bristle.

A small series of both sexes from near Djarkent, Semi-
tchenskoi, Hast Turkestan, November 25th and December 5th,
1912, off Meriones tamaricinus.

2, Neopsylla teratura, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 3.)

& 9 —A very near relative of N. bidentatiformis, Wagn.
(1893). The pronotum, in the g, bears on each side only 1
or 2 bristles in front of the postmedian row, and in the 9
4 or 5, instead of a more or less complete second row.

The eighth sternite of the g has an apical brush of
bristles, the long bristles being of nearly even width from
the base to near the apex. The clasper (Cl) closely resembles
that of N. bidentatiformis, but the process P* (fig. 3), as well
as the movable process I, are narrower. The ninth sternite
(ix.st.) has a very characteristic armature. The horizontal
arm bears distally two rows of stout, short, spine-like
bristles. One row is ventral and placed on the outer side,
the other being situated along the centre of the inner surface.
She ventral spines are strongly curved inwards and back-
wards, particularly the proximal ones. In bidentatiformis,
of which Professor Wagner has kindly given usa Q, there
is only one row of spines, placed at the ventral margin, the
spines being almost straight (fig. 4). The manubrium (M)
of teratura is straight, with the extreme tip turned upwards.
In the 2 the apical margin of the seventh sternite is very
slightly incurved, with the upper angle distinct but rounded.
The eighth tergite bears a submarginal row of 8 bristles, the
row being sometimes continued proximally by some small

Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia. 541

bristles. Proximally to the row there are 7 to 12 bristles,
and on the inner surface at and near the margin 9 to 12.

1 g and 2 ? 2 from near Djarkent, Semitchenskoi, East
Turkestan, February 11th and 19th, 1912, off a white weasel
and Meriones tamaricinus.

I am not convinced that Wagner was correct in sinking
his sefosa as a synonym of bidentatiformis (cf. Hore Soe.
Ent. Ross. vol. xxxvi. p. 143, 1902). The original specimens
of bidentatiformis, W agn. (1893), were found by Wagner in
the Crimea on Epimys decumanus, the above- mentioned 3
being one of these specimens. This example bears on the
pronotum on each side a postmedian row of 8 long bristles,
in front of this row another of 8 smaller ones, and dorsally
some additional small bristles representing a third row. We
figure the ninth sternite of this true bidentatiformis (fig. 4).
A 2, also received from Professor Wagner, obtained in the
Northern Caucasus off Spermophilus, and identified by him
as the same species, has a shorter pronotum, which, more-
over, bears only one row of bristles, the second (anterior)
row being only represented by a few pale dots, which are
presumably the grooves of insertion of small hairs. The
individual otherwise agrees fairly well with the @ @ described
above as teratura. As Wagner states of bidentatiformis, as
well as sefosa, that the pronotum has only one row of bristles
(6 on each side), and as the specimens subsequently identified
by him as bidentatiformis came from different countries
and hosts, a re-examination of the types appears advisable.
Possibly setosa is the same as ¢eratura.

In Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 387, we described as
Neopsylla compar another species closely allied to N. biden-
tatiformis. In this species, however, the small hairs found
in bidentatiformis and teratura on the inner surface of the
hind coxa are, partly, replaced by short spines. The 2 2? of
teratura and compar, as well as the above-mentioned 9 re-
ceived from Wagner as didentatiformis, do not exhibit any
very striking differences in the seventh ‘and eighth abdominal
segments and the receptaculum seminis (ef. Proc. Zool. Soe.
Lond. 1911, p. 387, text-fig. 120).

3. Ceratophyllus curvispinus, Miya}, (1912).

Paradoxopsyllus curvispinus, Miyajima, wbi ?
Ceratophyllus subcecatus, Rothschild, “ Clark and Sowerby, Through
Shen-Kan, p. 194, no. 1, text-figs. 1, 2 (1912).

The author of curvispinus has very kindly sent several
examples of this species, which proves to be the same as my

5A? Hon. N. C. Rothschild on new

subcecatus. The description of subcecatus was already
printed when the specimens of curvispinus arrived, but the
book in which the description appeared was only issued in
the second half of 1912.

Although curvispinus is very remarkable on account of
the peculiar development of the ninth abdominal sternite
of the g, the species fits very well into Ceratophyllus as at
present composed. If the genus Ceratophyllus, however,
should require dividing up into a number of separate genera,
Paradoxopsyllus will probably be one of them.

The two following species are so similar to curvispinus
that a lengthy description is not necessary :—

4. Ceratophyllus teretifrons, sp.n. (Pl. XV. fig. 5.)

gS °.—The frons has no tubercle in either sex, whereas a
distinct frontal tubercle is present in both curvispinus and
in tbe new species described under no. 5. There are two
rows of bristles on the frons, the anterior row containing 1n
the g 5 or 6 and in the 2 4 or 5 bristles, the second row 3
large bristles in both g and 9. The occiput bears 2 or 3
bristles above the centre of the antennal groove, and in the
¢ 10 or more small hairs along the antennal groove. The
long apical dorsal and ventral bristles of the hind tibia reach
to the apex of the first tarsal segment, and the second
segment has in both sexes two apical bristles extending
beyond the fourth segment, these bristles being particularly
long inthe g¢. Inthe ¢ of curvispinus a subapical dorsal
bristle of the second hind-tarsal segment also is much pro-
longed, which is not the case in C. teretifrons. The first
mid-tarsal segment is at least one-eighth longer than the
second.

In the ¢ of teretifrons (fig. 5) the eighth abdominal tergite
only bears four long bristles, there being no patch of bristles
on the sides, and the eighth sternite kas on each side 3 or 4
bristles. The apical process P of the clasper is triangular,
not truncate. ‘lhe movable process I’ is longer than in
curvispinus, its longest bristle being placed nearer the apex
and its posterior edge bearing 6 to 8 thin hairs. The ninth
sternite has the same peculiar shape as in curvispinus, but its
ventral arm differs in being less abruptly widened in the
centre and having here two slender bristles proximally to
the two long ones, instead of their being short and spiniform.
The apical hook of the penis is shorter aud less slender than
in curvispinus.

Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia. 543

The modified abdominal segments of the 2 do not present
any reliable difference from the allied species, the outline
and bristles of the eighth tergite being individually variable.

A series of both sexes from near Djarkent, Semitchenskoi,
East Turkestan, October 15th and November 15th, 1912, off
Meriones tamaricinus.

5. Ceratophyllus repandus, sp.n. (Pl. XV. figs. 6, 9.)

6 @.—The frons has in both sexes a distinct tubercle.
The bristles of the head and legs are similar to those of
C. teretifrons, but the anterior row of the frons contains one
or two bristles less.

The clasper resembles that of ¢eretifrons, but the finger is
a little shorter and bears fewer bristles at the posterior
margin, the interspace between the longest bristle and the
next below it being wider than in ¢eretifrons. The widened
central portion of the ventral arm of the ninth sternite
(fig. 6) is more gradually dilated, and the bristles it bears
are much less prolonged. There are in this place four
bristles, the first being the shortest and thinnest and the
other gradually increasing in length. The ventral angle of
the dilated apex of this segment is rounded, and not trian-
gular as in the two preceding species, and the apical hook of
the penis is much broader, shorter, and more obtuse than in
curvispinus and teretifrons.

The seventh and eighth abdominal segments of the 9
(fig. 9) are apparently indistinguishable from those of
teretifrons. The stylet, however, is half as long again in
teretifrons as in repandus, being in teretifrons as long as the
fourth hind-tarsal segment.

A series of both sexes from near Djarkent, Semitchenskoi,
East Turkestan, October oth, 1912, off Meriones tamaricinus.

6. Ceratophyllus consors, sp.n. (Pl. XV. figs. 7, 8.)

3 2.—A near ally of C. henleyi, Roths. (1904), and
maurus, Jord. & Roths. (1912), the apical bristles of the
hind-tarsal segments being long and the dorsal ones of the
meso- and metanota and proximal abdominal tergites
forming in the g a kind of mane. Two of the apical
bristles of the second segment of the hind tarsus extend con-
siderably beyond the apex of the fourth segment, being some-
what longer than in hen/eyi and maurus. C. consors, however,
is more easily differentiated by the modified abdominal
segments,

In the ¢ the eighth abdominal tergite (Pl. XV. fig. 7,

5A Dr. W. G. Ridewood on Flying-fishes.

viut.t.) bears many more bristles than in the allied species,
and is also more strongly produced posteriorly. In the
clasper and its two processes, P and F, C. consors agrees
rather closely with C. henleyi; but P is broader in consors,
and the proximal edge of F is not angulate. The ninth
sternite (1x.st.), however, is decidedly narrower distally than
in C. henleyi. The seventh sternite of the 9 (Pl. XV. fig. 8)
is obliquely sinuate, the lobe below the sinus being much
produced and rounded, except ventrally, while the lobe
above the sinus is usually narrow and pointed. This upper
Jobe varies greatly in length, being sometimes very short and
rounded.

A long series of both sexes from Djarkent, Semitchenskoi,
East Turkestan, October 15th, 1912, off Meriones tamaricinus.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PLATE XIV.

Fg. 1. Clasping-organs of ¢ of Ctenophthalmus dolichus, sp. n. Cl,
clasper; P’ and P?, upper and lower processes of same; F,
movable process; ViILst. and 1x.st., eighth and ninth sternites.

Fg. 2. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments of 2 of Ctenophthalmus
dolichus.

Fig. 3. Clasping-organs of 3 of Neopsylla teratura, sp. n.

4g. 4. Ventral arm of ninth sternite of g of Neopsylla bidentatiformis,
Wagen. (1893).

PLATE XV.

Fig. 5, Clasping-organs of ¢ of Ceratophyllus teretifrons, sp. n
vg. 6. Ninth sternite and apex of penis of ¢ of Ceratophyllus repandus,
sp. n.
Fig. 7. Clasping-organs of ¢ of Ceratophyllus consors, sp. Nn.
Tug. 8. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments of 9 of Ceratophyllus
consors, Sp. 0.
9. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments of 9 of Ceratophyllus
repandus, sp. N.

Fy.

LXVII.—WNotles on the South-American Freshwater Flying-fish,
Gastropelecus, and the common Flying-fish, Exocoetus.
By W. G. Riprewoop.

[Plate XVI.}

Aurnovueu less popularly known than the common flying-fish,
Exocetus, the flying gurnard, Dactylopterus, and the African
freshwater flying-fish, Pantodon, the freshwater flying-fish of
Guiana, Gastrupelecus, may ultimately prove to have a better

Dr. W. G. Ridewood on Flying-fishes. 545

claim to the title “ flying-fish ” than the others, for there is
no doubt in their case that the pectoral fins are flapped
vigorously during the passage of the fish through the air.
The various species of Gastropelecus possess a deep, laterally
compressed body, with fairly long and curved, but not
remarkably large, pectoral fins. The length of the fish is
some 3 inches or less, The habits of these fishes are alluded
to in Mr. and Mrs. Beebe’s book ‘Our Search for a
Wilderness’ (London, 1910), and the species and their habits
are described by C. H. Eigenmann (‘ Freshwater Fishes of
British Guiana,’ Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, v.,
Pittsburg, 1912, p. 47). The fishes are said to dart forward
for a distance of 40 feet or more, beating the water with
their pectoral fins, the upper part of the body alone being
exposed, and the sharp keel of the breast acting as a cut-
water. They then leave the water entirely for a distance of
5 or 10 feet, and, when exhausted, fall sideways into the
water again.

Removal of the skin from the front half of the body
displays the great pectoral muscle, which is one of the most
striking features of the fish. This muscle is in the form of
a thick sheet, thinning off at the front and lower edges.
The muscle-fibres radiate in an upward direction from the
front and lower edges to the base of the pectoral fin, to the
underside of the fin-rays of which their tendinous extre-
mities are attached. This great muscle, by its contraction,
draws down the fin. The elevator muscles of the fin are
small, no larger than would be the case in an ordinary fish
of the same size.

The great external pectoral muscle arises from the whole
of the side of a large keel or plate of bone lying in the
median plane of the body; the plate is corrugated in a
radiating manner, like a half-opened fan (see Plate XVI),
the radiating ridges of one side corresponding with the
radiating grooves of the other side. This corrugation of the
lamina of bone affords greater strength, and offers a larger
surface for the attachment of the muscle, than would be the
case if it were flat. The front edge of the keel reaches the
surface of the body, and is covered by thin skin only; it
forms the edge of the “‘ cut-water.” The pectoral girdle of
Gastropelecus has already been figured by C. T. Regan (Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii., July 191], p. 19), but when
dissociated from the rest of the skeleton its relatively great
size is not apparent (see Plate XVI.).

The great keel is composed of the coalesced right and left
coracoid (hypocoracoid) bones ; the upper front point of it

546 Dr. W. G. Ridewood on Flying-fishes.

is connected by ligament with the anterior ends of the
clavicles. The nearest allies to Gastropelecus are most
probably the species of Tetragonopterus, of the family
Characide. In Tetragonopterus, however, there is nothing
unusual about the pectoral girdle ; the downwardly directed
plates of the coracoids extend in close contact with one
another for some little distance, as in many other Characidz
(e. g., Chalcinus trachypomus ; see Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. (8) vii. p. 19, fig. 1, B), but the plates are not fused
into a single median lamina, and they exhibit no radiating
grooves and ridges.

More remarkable than the great size of the bony keel of
the pectoral girdle of Gastropelecus is the high proportion
which the weight of the muscles attached to the keel bears
to the total weight of the body. Put roughly, the right and
left external pectoral muscles together constitute one-fourth
of the weight of the fish, whereas in the allied but unmodified
form Tetragonopterus the proportion is 1 to 140. The details
of the computation are as follows :—The weight of a speci-
men of Gastropelecus stellatus, taken from spirit and lightly
wiped with a cloth, was 6°50 grammes ; the weight of the
right and left external pectoral muscles dissected off was
1°59 grammes. The proportion of the latter to the former
is 1 to 4°088. In the case of a specimen of Tetragonopterus
eneus, selected as nearly as possible of the same size as the
specimen of Gastropelecus, the total weight of the body was
7°01 grammes, the weight of the right and left external
pectoral muscles was *050 gramme; the proportion of the
latter to the former is thus 1 to 140-2.

So remarkable is this difference in the relative size of the
depressor muscle of the pectoral fin in Gastropelecus and
Tetragonopterus, that it seemed advisable to compare by the
same method the depressor muscles of the common flying-
fish, Exocetus, with those of its nearest relatives, e.g. the
skippers, of the genus Hemirhamphus, for which no one has
claimed the capacity for flight. The figures given by C. D.
Durnford (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii., Nov. 1906,
p- 837) are computed from the depth to which a pin reaches
when inserted into the muscle at certain points, and not by
weighing the muscle dissected from the body.

There is nothing in the appearance of the bones of the
pectoral girdle of Hxocetus and Hemirhamphus to suggest
that the muscles are vastly greater in the former than in the
latter ; the proportions of the parts are much the same in
both, and there is not in either case a great keel or median
lamina of bone for the attachment of the depressor muscles.

Dr. W.G. Ridewood on Flying-fishes. DAT

For the purpose of this comparison spirit-preserved
specimens of Haocetus evolans and Hemirhamphus roberti
were taken, of as nearly the same size as was_ possible.
Hemirhamphus is a more slender fish than ELzocetus, the
lower lobe of its caudal fin is only slightly larger than the
upper lobe, and the lower jaw is greatly produced beyond
the upper jaw. For comparing the lengths of the two fishes,
therefore, it is better to disregard the lower jaw and the tail-
fin, and to measure from the front of the upper jaw to the
end of the scaly part of the base of the tail. This measure-
ment in thecase of Hwvocwtus was 151 mm.; in Hemi-
rhamphus it was 185 mm. The length of the pectoral fin
lying closed against the side of the body was 106 mm. in
Exocetus ; in Hemirhamphus it was 23 mm. The girth of
the middle part of the body was 81 mm. in Exocetus and
71 mm. in Hemirhamphus. In the case of Ezocetus the
weight of the body was 46°5 grammes, the weight of the
right and left external pectoral muscles *78 gramme, and
the proportion yielded was 1 to 59°61. In the case of Hemi-
rhamphus the body-weight was 39:0 grammes, the weight of
the external pectoral muscles °32 gramme, and the propor-
tion was 1 to 121°87. Or, putting it the other way, the
body-weight in each case being unity, the pectoral muscle-
weight is ‘0167 of the body-weight in Hxocetus and 0082 in
Hemirhamphus. In other words, the muscles are twice as
large in Exvocetus as in a Hemirhamphus of about the same
size.

That the pectoral fins of Hxvocetus are larger than in most
fishes of the same size is admitted by all, even by those who
contend that the fish does not fly, 7. e. flap its fins, but
merely uses the fins for gliding or “ planing” when once the
vigorous lashing of the tail has jerked the body obliquely
into the air. With an enlargement of the fin-area one
would naturally expect an enlargement of the muscles that
operate the fins. The pomt to be solved is whether the
muscles have been enlarged in the same proportion as the
fin-area, or whether they have been enlarged in a much
greater proportion, as would be nece essary if the fish is to
flap the fins so vigorously as to maintain the body in the air,
as is claimed by the adherents of the “ flying ” hypothesis.

For the determination of this point the lett pectoral fin of

each fish was spread out on a sheet of paper, a pencil line
was drawn around the edge, and the paper was then cut
along the pencil line. A strip of the same sheet of paper
was cut 1 centimetre wide, and this strip was shortened
successively until it w eighed the same as the piece of paper

548 Mr. C. T. Regan on a remarkable

representing the fin. The length of the strip of paper in
centimetres gives, with approximate accuracy, the size of the
fin-surface in square centimetres. The sizes so obtained are
probably too small, for it is not possible to spread out to its
fullest extent the fin of a fish that has been preserved in
alcohol. ‘The surface of the two pectoral fins of Hxocatus as
thus computed was 384 square centimetres, whereas the
corresponding area in the case of Hemirhamphus was 3°9 square
centimetres. That is to say, the superficial area of the
pectoral fins of Hxocetus is some eight or nine times that of
the corresponding surface in a Hemirhamphus of the same
size, whereas the weight of the external pectoral muscles is
only twice.

As an item of negative evidence, it may be of interest to
state that a microscopical examination was made of disso-
ciated fibres of the external pectoral muscles of Gastro-
pelecus stellatus, Tetragonopterus eneus, Exocetus evolans,
and Hemirhamphus roberti, 11 order to ascertain if in the
“flying” form the cross-striping of the muscle-fibres was
more pronounced than in the control species. The fibres,
after being teased, were stained, some with picric-acid-
fuchsin (van Gieson’s stain), some with borax-carmine ;
some were examined in diluted glycerine, some in Canada
balsam. Examination of these slides failed to show any
marked differences in the degree of cross-striping.

In conclusion, I have to thank Dr. 8S. F. Harmer, F.R.S.,
Keeper of the Department of Zoology in the British Museum,
and Mr. C. Tate Regan, M.A., Assistant in charge of the
Fishes, for providing me with the specimens upon which the
observations recorded above were made.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI,

Photograph of a skeleton of Gastropelecus stellatus (xX 3). Note the
great radially corrugated keel of bone, to the right and left sides
of which are attached the external pectoral muscles, which pull
down the fins.

LX VILII.—Phallostethus dunckeri, a remarkable new
Cyprinodont Fish from Johore. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1904 (Mitteil. Naturhistorisch. Mus. Hamburg, xxi.
pp. 185-207) Dr. G. Duncker published a memoir on the
Tishes of the Malay Peninsula, and on page 171 mentioned

new Cyprinodont Fish from Johore. 549

a new Cyprinodont in the following words :—* Die beschrei-
bung zweier weiterer, einer neuen Gattung mit gekieltem
Abdomen, hinter der A. befindlicher D., gegabelter C. und
fehlenden V. angehérigen Arten dieser Familie behalte Ich
fiir spiter vor. Beide gehéren dem Brackwasser an (Kuala
Langat, Muar-Flusz bei Bandar Maharani).”

A tew months ago Dr. Duncker visited the British Museum
to study our Syngnathide, and I then asked him whether
he had published anything further concerning these fishes,
whereon he kindly offered to send me some of them for
description, as he was engaged in other work.

The specimens prove to belong to a new genus and species,
which is so different from other known Cyprinodonts that it
should perhaps rank as the type of a separate subfamily.

PHALLOSTETHUS, gen. nov.

Form elongate, compressed ; scales moderate ; vent
thoracic. Mouth protractile, oblique, with the horseshoe-
shaped lower jaw included within the shovel-shaped upper
one; teeth conical, biserial ; outer series of upper jaw curved,
rather strong, especially the anterior lateral ones; outer
series of lower jaw nearly horizontal. Dorsal fin short,

eee

SS east 5
yy x RRR

Phallostethus duncker?, male and female, a little more than twice
natural size.

originating above end of the long anal; in front of the latter
a median dermal fold placed in a groove. Female with
pelvic fins minute, below the pectorals, between vent and
opening of oviduct. Male with a large muscular appendage
attached between the expanded lypocoracoids and free

distally, bearing the vent on one side at about the middle of its

550 Mr. C. T. Regan on a remarkable

length and the genital opening at its posterior end, just behind
the articulation of an external movable, forwardly directed,
serrated bone ; anteriorly the appendage ends in a long
slender bone extending forwards to beneath the chin, curved
towards the side on which the serrated bone lies and away

from that on which the vent opens.

Phallostethus dunckeri, sp. n.

The form and proportions are shown by the accompanying
figures. I count 8 to 10 dorsal and 26 to 28 anal rays; the
caudal fin is imperfect in all, so that its exact shape is
uncertain ; there are about 40 scales in a longitudinal series,
and they appear to correspond to the myotomes, so that the
vertebree number about 40. Of seven specimens (three males
and four females) the largest male measures 25 mm., the
largest female 29 mm. in total length.

The external features of the lower surface of the head and
abdomen in the female fish are illustrated in fig. 2. A flattish

gr

Phallostethus dunckeri, head and abdomen of female from below (xX 8).

a., anus; pv., pelvic fin; 0., opening of oviduct; w,, urinary opening ;
f., dermal fringe ; gr., groove,

median naked area margined anteriorly by the lower edges
of the hypocoracoids expands backwards and contains suces-
sively the vent, a pair of almost vestigial pelvic fins, the
genital and urinary apertures; from the last a low median
keel runs backwards. Behind the opening of the oviduct
the naked area contracts, and it becomes a groove, which
extends to the origin of the anal fin, becoming narrower and
deeper posteriorly ; the walls of the groove are supported by

the ends of the seven pairs of ribs.

~~

new Cyprinodcnt Fish from Johore. 551

The male (fig. 3) differs from the female externally in that
the median keel is more developed as a membranous fringe and
in front of it the very deep groove extends forwards, being
margined anteriorly by the strongly expanded hypocoracoids,
from between which there projects downwards and backwards
a large fleshy appendage, oblong in form and laterally com-
pressed, which may be termed the priapium ; at the posterior
end of this can be seen the opening of the vas deferens, and
at about the middle of its length, on one side, hereafter
termed the “‘proctal” side, the vent, directly behind which
is the urinary opening. At the anterior end is a long and

Phallostethus dunckert, male, showing external features of the priapium
from the proctal and the aproctal side (x 8).

tx., toxactinium ; c¢., ctenactinium ; sh., shield of thick skin; v.d., vas
deferens; a., anus; w., opening of ureter. The two last lie ina slight
groove which indicates the boundary between the dorsal and ventral
muscles.

slender bony spine, rounded in cross-section, tapering forward
beneath the chin, and curved away from the proctal side ;
this rod may be termed the towactiniwm ; it can be moved

~~

92 Mr, C. T. Regan on a remarkable

laterally or downwards to a certain extent ; ifs articulation
with the priapium is covered by a large rounded shield of
thick skin, placed ventrally, but much more developed
upwards on the aproctal side. At the posterior end just
below the genital opening is articulated another bony spine,
which seems to be freely movable outwards and may be
termed the ctenactinium; when at rest this is directed
forwards and lies on the aproctal side of the priapium; it is
laterally compressed, is straight, with the distal end some-
what curved upwards and ending in a pointed denticulation,
and it bears five other somewhat smaller denticulations on
its upper edge.

The skeleton seems to be typically Cyprinodont*; the

3
vertebrae number about 40 (9+31) and there are seven pairs
of ribs inserted on transverse processes. The minute pelvic
fins of the female are supported by a correspondingly minute
pair of pelvic bones.

In the female (fig. 4, A) the visceral anatomy shows but
little departure from the structure seen in carnivorous Fundu- |
line, except for modifications due to the anterior position of
the vent and of the openings of the urinary and genital ducts.
The large air-bladder is placed posteriorly ; the stomach is
a simple expansion of the alimentary canal, without ceca,
and from it the intestine runs straight back on the left side
to the air-bladder, turns downward and crosses above the
ovary to the right side, and then runs straight downwards
and forwards to the anus; the liver is large. The ureters
arise close together from the posterior end of the kidney,
which seems to be unpaired; they unite to form a single
duct, which runs downwards and forwards below the intestine
on the right side of the ovary and across below the latter to
the urinary opening. The ovary is unpaired, as in many
other Cyprinodonts ; it is a pyriform organ that lies in front
of the air-bladder and occupies the whole width of the body ;
it narrows anteriorly and opens almost directly to the exte-
rior, there being practically no oviduct.

In the male (fig. 4, B) the unpaired testis is very similar in
form to the ovary, but is shorter and deeper and does not extend
so far forward ; the vas deferens leaves it anteriorly and imme-
diately becomes closely coiled up into a mass that les in
front and to the right side of the testis, and is rather similar
in form but less in bulk than the latter ; within this mass

* In order to investigate the structure I had series of sections made of
the anterior half of the body in two specimens (¢ and 2); these were
of great assistance in making clear certain features that could not be
made out by ordinary dissection.

new Cyprinodont Fish from Johore. 553

the walls of the duct are thick and glandular, and from its
narrowed anterior end it emerges and runs with one or two
loops into the priapium at the posterior end of ifs junction
with the body, and then backwards and downwards near the
surface of the aproctal side of the priapium to above the base
of the ctenactinium, when it passes to the proctal side and
coils round in a complete circle before opening to the exte-
rior; this terminal coil has very thick muscular walls.

Phallostethus dunckert. Dissection of female and male (partly recon-
structed). ‘The pectoral arch and muscles of the left side have been
removed ; also the liver, which occupies nearly all the space between
cesophagus and intestine and almost surrounds the stomach.

@., esophagus; s¢., stomach; z., intestine; an., anus; a., air-bladder ;

w., ureter; w.', urinary opening; 0., ovary; g., opening of oviduct;
t., testis; v.d., vas deferens ; pv., pelvis; c/., priapial process of cleithra,

The intestine enters the priapium a little in front of the
vas deferens and runs downwards and obliquely across to the
anus; the kidney-duct accompanies the intestine and opens
to the exterior just behind it.

Immediately in front of the intestine a bony process runs
downwards from the cleithral symphysis to just in front of
the vent, and is produced forwards as a bony rod that forms a

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 39

554 On anew Cyprinodont Fish from Johore.

skeletal support for the priapium ; it tapers anteriorly and
extends on the proctal side nearly to the anterior end. A
aid-ventral rod of bone runs the whole length of the pri-
apium ; the toxactinium articulates with its anterior end, the
ctenactinium with its posterior end; it seems probable that
these are modified pelvic fin-rays and that the bony rod with
which they articulateis the pelvis. The last-named lies between
a pair of longitudinal muscles which also run the whole length
of the organ and are more or less symmetrically arranged
except in the region of the anus, where they send out a dorsal
branch that runs on the aproctal side of the priapium right
up into the body and is attached high up on the inner side
of the cleithrum of the proctal side. The anal and urinary
openings and in front of them the prolongation of the cleithra
mentioned above lie directly above these ventral muscles.
A pair of dorsal muscles also run the whole length of the
priapium, lying nearly symmetrically and directly above
the ventral muscles except in two regions: (1) the region of
the anus, where the cleithral process and the intestine separate
them from the ventral muscles and with the cleithral branch
of the latter displace them towards the proctal side ; (2) the
region of the terminal coil of the vas deferens; here the
dorsal muscles unite, taper, and are confined to the aproctal
side.

The pectoral muscles attached to the expanded hypo-
coracoids are continued forward into the dorsal part of the
priapium, tapering anteriorly and ending above the base of
the toxactinium.

It is evident that the priapium is an intromittent organ.
Probably its distal end is brought close against or just within
the genital aperture of the female, and the ctenactinium is
used to hold it in position ; the toxactinium may also assist
in this ; the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles of the
priapium are probably concerned chiefly with the movement
of these two bony appendages. Contraction of the cleithral
branch of the ventral priapial muscles would doubtless bring
the distal part of the organ nearer the body, whilst the reverse
effect would be produced by contraction of the pectoral
muscles that pass into it anteriorly. The great length of the
vas deferens may be due to the need for the plentiful supply
of a glandular secretion in which the spermatozoa may live.

It is very remarkable that this little fish should have
developed so complex an organ for the purpose of internal
fertilization. The whole structure of the priapium is quite
unlike that of any other copulatory organ known among fishes,
and I believe that the coiling of the vas deferens to form a

On a new Loricariid Fish from Rio Janeiro. © 555

sort of epididymis is also unique, as well as the wide separa-
tion of the openings of the urinary and genital ducts. No
doubt the remoteness of the genital orifice from the anal fin
has precluded the use of the latter as an intromittent organ,
as 1s done in the viviparous groups of the family ; in this
case there is no evidence as to whether the fish is viviparous
or not.

LXIX.— Description of a new Loricariid Fish of the Genus
Plecostomus from Rio Janeiro. By C. Tare Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Plecostomus rachovit, sp. n.

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 31. Depth
of head 12 in its length, breadth 13, length of snout 1%,
diameter of eye 8, interorbital width 22. Length of mandi-
bular ramus 3 in interorbital width; in either jaw 20 to 22
teeth on each side. Snout ovate; supraorbital edges not
elevated ; temporal plates weakly carinate ; occipital process
well developed, somewhat acutely pointed, with a low median
ridge ; posteriorly itis bordered by several scutes. 32 scutes
in a longitudinal series, 8 or 9 between dorsal and adipose
fin, 15 between anal and caudal ; upper and anterior scutes
weakly carinate; lower surface of head and body covered
with granular scales. Dorsal 17; first ray a little longer
than head, when laid back reaching seventh scute behind
last, which is} as long. Anal 14, Pectoral spine reaching
anterior $ of pelvics. Caudalemarginate. Caudal peduncle
34 as long as deep. Body with dark spots, about one on
each scute ; spots on head smaller and more numerous ; fins
with several transverse bars or series of spots.

A single specimen, 135 mm. in total length, from near
Rio Janeiro, presented to the British Museum by Herr A.
Rachow.

This resembles P. laplate, Kigenm. (P. teniatus, Regan),
from the La Plata, in the large number of scutes, in having
the occipital process bordered by several, in the rather small
eye, &c. It differs in the narrower snout and smaller mouth,
broader interorbital region, longer and more pointed occipital
process, keeled anterior scutes, higher dorsal fin, and caudal
fin barred instead of plain.

39*

556 Mr. W. L. Distant on

LXX.—On some recently received Rhynchota.
By W. L. Distant.

HETEROPTERA.
Coreide.
Namacus nympha, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale testaceous, more or
less thickly blackly punctate; corium dull ochraceous,
thickly blackly punctate, the apical margin narrowly dull
testaceous ; membrane bronzy olivaceous; body beneath
ochraceous ; legs fuscous brown in male, black in female,
the femora in male streaked beneath with ochraceous ;
antenne black, third joint annulated at base with ochraceous,
first joint incrassated, slightly curved, second joint a little
longest, fourth moderately thickened, central lobe triangularly
somewhat laminately produced in front of the antenniferous
tubercles; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe ; ocelli
much nearer eyes than to each other; pronotum with the
anterior angles acutely, porrectly prominent, a transverse
impression near anterior margin defining a broad anterior
collar, thickly punctate with a faint central longitudinal
linear impression, the posterior angles slightly nodulose, the
basal area distinctly, transversely depressed ; membrane with
the veins prominent, only slightly furcate ; anterior femora
in male distinctly shortly spined beneath in apical area.

Long., 6 15 mm., 2 17 mm.

Hab. Brit. Guiana; New Amsterdam, Public Gardens ;
on stems of aquatic plants (G. H. Bodkin).

Apparently allied to N. prominulus, Stal, from Surinam,
but that species is described as having ‘‘ lobus medius capitis
prope basin denticulo armatus,”’ the lateral angles of the
pronotum in JV. nympha are slightly nodulose; membrane
not black, but bronzy olivaceous, &e.

Lygeide.
Paromius pallidus.
Plociomerus pailidus, Montrouz. Ann. Soc. Linn, Lyon. 1865, p. 229.
Plociomerus seychellesus, Walk. Cat. Het. v. p. 120 (1872).
Paromius seychellesus, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. ii. p. 50, fig. 37
(1904).

Montrouzier’s name must now take precedence over that
of Walker. I have seen a specimen of the first-named from

some recently received Rhynchota. 557

New Caledonia. It is found in Ceylon, Burma, Japan,
Seychelle Islands, and New Caledonia.

HOMOPTERA.

Cicadide.
Platypleura badia.
Platypleura badia, Dist. Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. xvii. p. 453, t. iv. f.6 4,6
(1888).

At the time of the description of this species and until now,
I only knew P. badia by the female form from Tenasserim.
The British Museum has recently received a male example
from Burma, which I now describe :—

Opercula short, broad, and overlapping inwardly, not
passing the base of abdomen, obtusely rounded laterally and
apically ; rostrum reaching base of abdomen; body beneath
somewhat longly pilose.

Long., excl. tegm., g¢ 16 mm.; exp. tegm. 52 mm.

Hab. Lower Burma; Toungoo Distr. (G. C. Clarence).

INTHAXARA, gen. nov.

6. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of meso-
notum, ocelli a little farther apart from eyes than from each
other, front depressed, a little shorter than vertex ; pronotum
considerably shorter than mesonotum, the lateral margins
moderately ampliated and more or less distinctly toothed and
angulated ; mesonotum (including basal cruciform elevation)
as long as head and pronotum together; abdomen con-
siderably longer than space between apex of bead and base
of cruciform elevation; tympana covered, tympanal flaps
about as broad as long ; opercula short, very widely separated,
not passing the first abdominal segment, which is centrally,
longitudinally sulcate, second, third, and fourth abdominal
segments furnished with a strongly developed tubercle near
each lateral margin; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the basal cell
longer than broad, apical areas eight, the lowermost continued
along the inner margin ; wings with six apical areas.

I place this genus before Leptopsaltria, from which it is
distinctly separated by the second, third, and fourth abdo-
minal segments being tuberculated, &c.

Inthaxara rex, sp. n.

3. Body above more or less finely palely pilose ; head,
pronotum, and mesonotum brownish ochraceous ; lateral

558 Mr. W. L. Distant on

areas of front, area of ocelli, and a spot at inner margins of
eyes, two central, longitudinal, strongly angulated fascie, the
fissures, and two spots on posterior margin near each lateral
angle of pronotum, a central longitudinal fascia, on each side
of which is a shorter, broader, and much angulated fascia,

followed by a small spot on anterior margin, the margins of

ge obconical spot on lateral areas, and spots before the
basal cruciform elevation to mesonotum black; abdomen
paler brownish ochraceous, the margins of the segments well
defined, more strongly pale ly pilose than above ; head be-
neath and sternum brownish ochraceous ; face and clypeus
ochraceous ; anterior margin of face black, enclosing an
ochraceous spot, its posterior area with a central spot and
marein black ; legs and rostrum virescent, anterior tibiz
ochraceous, apices of femora and tibize and apical halves of
anterior tarsi black ; opercula slightly longer than broad,
outer margins moderately sinuate, Inner margins almost
straight, apical margins slightly rounded, widely separated,
the inner margins not passing the posterior trochanters ;
tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina with the venation
brownish or fuscous, basal cell, costal membrane, a curved
line following base of second ulnar area and terminating on
upper margin of fourth ulnar area, basal margins of the
apical areas, and spots on the apices of the longitudinal
veins to apical areas fuscous brown; wings with the margins
at apical angles palely infuscate.
Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 30 mm. ; exp. tegm. 85 mm.
Hab. Frontier of Laos, Hast Annam (f. Vitalis de

Salvaza).

a lare

Leptopsaltria phra, sp. n.

3. Body above brownish ochraceous, more or less finel
palely pilose ; lateral margins of soph area of the ocelli
continued to base of vertex by two longitudinal lines, a
curved line in front of eyes, two central lines united poste-
riorly, anterior margin, most of the fissures, posterior and
subposterior margins, and a spot near lateral angles of pro-
notum, the margins of two obconical spots divided by a
central percurrent line, some irregular sublateral spots and
two small obconical spots near each anterior angle of the
cruciform elevation to mesonotum, and the posterior margins
of the abdominal segments black ; apex of abdomen above and
beneath black ; body beneath and legs brownish ochraceous,
bases of tibize and apices of tarsi piceous ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, venation black, the first with the basal cell, costal
membrane, and a spot on venation at base of upper ulnar

f

some recently received Ritynchota. 559

area testaceous, transverse veins at bases of second, third,
and fifth apical areas infuscated; rostrum reaching basal
margin of second abdominal segment; face centrally very
finely longitudinally sulcate, the transverse striations broad
and mostly black ; opercula reaching base of second abdo-
minal segment, apical margins oblique, apical angles rounded ;
lateral margins of pronotum distinctly toothed ; second and
third ventral segments with distinct lateral tubercles ; head
(including eyes) narrower than base of mesonotum.

Long., excl. teem., ¢ 22 mm.; exp. tegm. 66 mm.

Hab. Near Lao Kay, Upper Tonkin (&. Vitalis de
Salvaza).

Allied to L. andamanensis, Dist., but opercula shorter and
broader, apex of abdomen black, &c.

Haphsa nana, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale greenish ochraceous ;
head with a curved central spot on front, the area of the
ocelli, an angularly curved fascia before each eye, and
anterior angle of vertex black ; pronotum with two central
longitudinal lines, which are outwardly curved anteriorly and
posteriorly, the fissures and anterior area of lateral margin
black ; mesonotum with four ill-defined obconical black spots
more or less margined with ochraceous, the two outermost
longest, and between these and the central spots a smaller
anterior marginal black spot, a rounded black spot in front of
each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation ; abdo-
men above dark ochraceous, the central and apical areas
black; body beneath and legs ochraceous, most of the
striations to face black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation
mostly ochraceous, the costal membrane to tegmina greenish,
and the basal transverse veins to second and third apical
areas moderately infuscated; rostrum reaching the apices of
the posterior coxe.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 25 mm. ; exp. tegm. 73 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

In general appearance closely allied to H. ntcomache, Walk.,
but differing in the size and shape of the opercula, which are
shorter (only reaching the base of the third abdominal seg-
ment), their apices broader and more roundly truncate, and
their inner margins more widely separated.

Platylomia operculata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish testaceous ;
posterior margin of pronotum and basal cruciform elevation

560 Mr. W. L. Distant on

to mesonotum ochraceous ; margins of the ocelli, a spot at
anterior angles of vertex, and the margins of two obconical
spots to mesonotum black; abdomen above castaneous, more
or less greyishly pilose; head beneath, sternum, legs, and
opercula brownish ochraceous ; abdomen beneath a little paler
than above, posterior margin of penultimate segment black ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation brownish or fuscous ;
face longitudinally sulcate on its posterior area, the transverse
ridges prominent; rostrum not passing the posterior coxe ;
opercula long, reaching the posterior margin of the penulti-
mate abdominal segment, concavely sinuate on both sides
near base, widest beyond middle where they are inwardly
and outwardly convex, the apex narrowed and convexly
rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 55 mm. ; exp. tegm. 140 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to P. radha, Dist., but differing in the shape of the
opercula, which are a little longer than in that species, with
their apices much less suddenly narrowed and considerably
broader and convexly rounded.

Meimuna subviridissima, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish ochraceous,
more or less finely greyishly pilose; head more or less
suffused with blackish ; pronotum with two central longitu-
dinal lines, which are sinuate posteriorly, and the fissures
black; mesonotum with a central longitudinal lanceolate
spot, on each side of which is an irregularly black-margined
obconical spot, followed by a small anterior spot and a broad
submarginal fascia black ; abdomen dull sanguineous, with
a central segmental series of transverse spots, not always
found on the apical segments, and a lateral segmental series
of small spots black ; head beneath, sternum, legs, and
opercula virescent, more or less greyishly pubescent ; abdomen
beneath dull sanguineous; tegmina and wings hyaline,
venation virescent or olivaceous ; face longitudinally sulcate
for about apical two-thirds, transverse striations distinct ;
rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; opercula in g¢ some-
what broad, reaching the fourth abdominal segment, well
separated from each other, only convexly oblique on their
apical areas, their apices convexly rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., g 37 mm. ; exp. tegm. 95 mm.

IIab. Frontier of Laos, Kast Annam (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to M. tripurasura, Dist., but differing in the struc-
ture of the opercula, which in the ¢ are more rounded and

See Ss +s. Slee ee ee. Lhe

some recently received Rhynchota. 561

less oblique, much broader, their inner margins convex and
their apices broader and convexly rounded.

Meimuna raza, sp. n.

3. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum dull ochraceous ;
lateral margins of front, area of the ocelli, on each side of
which is a slightly curved fascia, and anterior angles to
vertex, two central curved fasciz and the fissures to pronotum,
a central lanceolate fascia, followed on each side by the
broken margins of an obconical spot, a small acute basal spot,
a broad sublateral fascia, and a spot near each anterior angle
of the basal cruciform elevation to mesonotum black ; abdo-
men above pale castaneous, the segments more or less shaded
with black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; face with
the transverse striations black, but much less completely so
towards clypeus ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
more or less brownish ochraceous ; rostrum reaching the
posterior coxze; opercula just passing the apical margin of
the fourth abdominal segment, their apices shortly acute,
outer margins concavely sinuate before middle, inner margins
roundly oblique.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 26 mm.; exp. tegm. 78 mm.

Hab. Frontier of Laos, East Annam (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to M. tavoyana, Dist., but differing in the shorter
opercula and their very much less attenuated and angulated
apices.

Terpnosia posidonia.

Terpnosia posidonia, Jacobi, SB. Ges. Naturf. Berl. 1902, p22: ide
Zool, Jahrb, 1905, p. 454.

Cicada stipata, Walk. List Hom. i. p. 155 (1850), nom, preoce.

Terpnosia? stipata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p.553 (1905).

Terpnosia walkert, Dist. Syn. Cat. Homopt. i. (Cicadidie) p.78 (1906},
nom. noy.

Jacobi redescribed Walker’s species, of which the type was
an unlocalized female specimen. Walker’s name stipata was
preoccupied by himself in the genus, and it therefore had to
be renamed, which I did, as 7. walkeri. But, as Jacobi had
redescribed the species in 1902, which I now find by seeing
specimens for the first time in this collection, his name has
priority and must take precedence.

The black longitudinal fascia to the face is sometimes
almost obsolete.

562 On some recently received Rhynchota.

Geana annamens'’s, sp. n.

Body and legs black; ocelli, anterior margin (narrowly)
and posterior margin (broadly) of pronotum, two strongly
curved discal fasciz proceeding from the anterior angles of
the cruciform basal elevation, and a lateral spot on each side
of mesonotum, and the exposed lateral margins of the meta-
notum testaceous ; tegmina black, opaque, the apical margins
a little paler between the veins, a large pale greenish-white
basal patch beneath the radial vein, containing a black spot,
an iregular angulated spot on middle disk, with a lunate
spot beneath it, and three smaller subapical spots greenish
white ; wings black, about basal half irregularly greenish
white, and asubapical spot of the same colour; face promi-
nent, distinctly centrally longitudinally sulcate, the transverse
ridges somewhat prominent ; rostrum reaching the posterior
coxee; opercula in @ small, not passing the first abdominal
segment, lateral margins neatly straight, apical margins
rounded ; tegmina narrow, three times as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 36 mm.; exp. tegm. "86 mim.

ffab. Frontier of Laos, Kast Annam (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to G. vitalist, Dist., but differing in the narrower
tegmina, different markings, &c.

Geana sultana, sp. n.

3. Body and legs black; ocelli shining golden yellow;
anterior margin (narrowly) and posterior margin (much more
broadly) to pronotum, two central, longitudinal, much angu-
lated fasciz, a lateral streak, and angular projections to basal
cruciform elevation to mesonotum, and exposed margins of
metanotum ochraceous ; tegmina opaque, greyish brown,
basal cell black, a large pateh beneath radial area, an angu-
lated transverse fascia beyond radial area, and some spots | on
apical area orange-yellow, veins brownish; wings greyish
brown, apical areas fuscous, enclosing a greyish-brown spot
before apex, and with a strong greyish-brown indentation
near anal area, a black submarginal line; head longer than
pronotum, front somewhat porrectly produced; greatest
breadth of tegmina more than one-third of their length ;
opercula small, not reaching base of abdomen ; rostrum just
passing posterior coxee.

Long., excl. tegm., 38 mm. ; exp. tegm. 86 mm.

Hab. Frontier of Laos, East Aunam (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new Lizards, 563

Cercopide.

Tomaspis bogotensis, sp. n.

Black, obscurely finely greyishly pilose; tegmina with
two costal pale ochraceous spots situate respectively about
one-third from base and one-third from apex ; head and pro-
notum with a distinct central longitudinal ridge, head dis-
tinctly foveately hollowed on each side of the central ridge ;
pronotum transversely wrinkled and finely punctured ;
scutellum foveately depressed; face prominent, compressed,
centrally longitudinally ridged, transverse striations distinct ;
posterior tibize with a strong spine before apex.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. Bogota (I. M. Vargas Vergara).

Allied to 7. ruzda, Dist., from Ecuador.

This species is locally known by the name of ‘ Mion,” and
is most destructive to pasture-land.

LXXI.— Descriptions of new Lizards in the Collection of the
British Museum. By G. A. BouULENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Gymnodactylus asper.

Agrees very closely with G@. miliusii, Bory, except in the
much larger and spine-like tubercles on the back and tail,
and in the coloration, the upper parts being uniform yellowish,
without any markings. ‘The size of the specimen on which
this species is founded exceeds that of the largest G. miliusi
preserved in the British Museum.

mm,
RG tHIRLONEEES ait a clon ey aalny de «ten 185
Jethro Re PRG R ie ee ener Pines oe 32
Wiel er Heads oc sche cas on os ements 25
LEO ot SOE CMe Ie a eg ree al 78
GreveB DY he 's.2)p dale» Saale s Soldde Sess 40
ERirich Fimahy 8 cist eng hts cia's aie Was ced igaia 48
ea behing Ab em sine Suysta teeta 75

Milparinha, Western New South Wales, from the collection
of Mr. P. Schrader.

564 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new Lizards.

Pygopus schradert.

Readily distinguished from P. lepidopus by the smaller
scales, the dorsals further differing in being but feebly keeled,
and in the shorter tail. 29 scales round the body, 97 pairs
of large ventrals. 14 femoral pores. Pale reddish brown
above, head with large dark brown blotches above, one on the
occiput being connected with a broad crescentic dark brown
band on the nape; a dark brown bar on the lips below the
nostril, a second below the eye, and a spot between the latter
and the nuchal band, which involves the ear.

From snout to vent 65 mm. ; tail 60.

A single young specimen, also from Milparinha, received
with the Gymnodactylus asper.

Gerrhonotus gadovii.

Head-shields smooth; three large prefrontals forming a
triangle or the azygous shield (=frontonasal} in contact with
the frontal ; two pairs of shields between the azygous pre-
frontal and the rostral, with or without a small shield
between the anterior pair; nasal well separated from the
rostral ; two superposed postnasals ; two or three loreals;
two or three outer supraoculars and four to six supraciliaries ;
ten or eleven upper labials. Side of neck with granular
scales. Lateral fold very strong. Dorsal scales in 16 or 18
longitudinal series (8 on the nape), the 8 median series
strongly keeled, the others feebly keeled; 42 to 48 trans-
verse series from occiput to base of tail. Ventral scales
nearly as large as dorsals, in 12 longitudinal series. The
adpressed fore limb reaches the eye or not quite so far; hind
limb one-half to three-fifths the distance between axilla and
groin. Tail subquadrangular and often a little compressed
at the base, once and three-fifths to once and two-thirds as
long as head and body ; upper caudal scales nearly as
strongly keeled as the dorsals. Brown or brownish olive
above, with small darker spots or lichen-like darker and
lighter variegations ; sides with dark and light spots, often
with black, light-edged vertical bars, which may be pro-
duced obliquely, as chevrons, on the back ; a dark brown or
black streak on each side of the head, passing through the
eye, bordered below by a yellowish-white streak extending
to the angle of the mouth; upper lip more or less spotted or
speckled with brown or black; lower parts yellowish or
greenish white, more or less profusely dotted or spotted with
black.

Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new Lizards. 565

mm
Foti ilongeni sts. wali esa fas tees Ae aa 240
DIGI hadhdel BR re od Ades AE wakes as Game E F 23
Width ofheady acne stats ont eis 16
TOE VP ioted< de de ys eeieo aieia Gc. Qu Nate 69
Horeelinibrernse eee aa ee eae 22
1a Koay taal} es bec tithe eel SOC Ge ome 29
SU sui Wee ae oats, cp ee cay Bhan IAT ouchooavere oh ehenaern ers 148

Two specimens were obtained at Omilteme, Guerrero,
Southern Mexico, by Dr. H. Gadow a few years ago, and I
referred them to G. liocephalus. A number of specimens,
from the same locality, contained in a collection made by
Mr. H. H. Smith, and recently presented to the British
Museum by Mr. F. D. Godman, show the necessity of
proposing for them a new specific name. G. liocephalus
differs in the more elongate body, with more numerous trans-
verse series of scales, in the longer head, and in the coloration.

Lygosoma kitsoni.

Section Lvopa. Body elongate, limbs moderate; the
distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb is
contained about once and a half in the distance between
axilla and groin. Snout short, rounded. Lower eyelid
scaly. Supranasals present, small ; rostral broadly in contact
with the frontonasal, which forms a narrow suture with the
frontal ; latter as long as or a little longer than the fronto-
parietals, in contact with the first and second supraoculars ;
four supraoculars ; eight supraciliaries, first largest; fronto-
parietals distinct, larger than the interparietal ; parietals in
contact behind the interparietal, followed by a pair of
nuchals ; fifth upper labial largest and below the eye. Ear-
opening small, oval, with two or three small projecting
lobules in front. 30 smooth scales round the body, subequal
in size. Preanals not enlarged. The adpressed limbs fail
to meet. Digits short ; fourth toe a little longer than third,
with 11 lameliz inferiorly. Tail tapering from the base, not
more than once and a half as long as head and body. Brown
above, with some small blackish spots on the vertebral
region and a dark brown lateral band edged above with
lighter ; lower parts white.

mm.
Aereece Let st Hes eharora. Wis tanec, + avn ose ae ae 120
VCH yarcrr tas toiotes cites saiecoe Lenn 10
Wire thy olpheadre aa ntti, acy cere ln fi
SORRY arene or Mathie = cha Sratenare ohn arora eae 40
(Woroelirnpersyaweik oer aie yn eke ee te 10
Ekirrde lini tone wate enna. 15

gio) POPP Ce ee Oe Siwarele tee aware 70

566 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on a new Cyprinodont Fish.

This species is described from two sperimens: one obtained
in the Western Province of Southern Nigeria by Mr. A. EK.
Kitson, and presented by him in 1908; the other from Bibi-
anaha, Gold Coast, presented by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell in
1912.

LX XII.—Description of a new Cyprinodont Fish from the
Sobat River. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Haplochilus kingit.

Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length, length of
head 3 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout very short,
shorter than eye, which equals postorbital part of head ;
mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; interorbital
width 14 to 15 times diameter of eye; preorbital 4 to $
diameter of eye. Dorsal 6-7, originating 1} to 2 times as
far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle or posterior
third of anal; longest ray about 2 length of head. Anal
11-12. Pectoral about # length of head, extending to beyond
base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of
snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as
or a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle a little longer
than deep. 26-27 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round
body in front of ventrals. Yellowish, the scales on the sides
and back finely edged with brown, the black powdered with
brown; fins whitish, dorsal, anal, and caudal sometimes
blackish (males).

Total length 34 mm.

This little fish is very closely related to H. schoelleri, Bler.,
and H. loati, Blgr. It was discovered in a khor on the
Sobat River by Mr. H. H. King, Entomologist to the
Sudan Government Department of Education, who has
presented five specimens to the British Museum.

On new Mammals from South America. 567

LXXIII.—New Mammals from South America.
By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Alouatta inclamax, sp. n.

Mycetes niger, Thos. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 394 (nec Geoff).

Alouatta equatorialis, Elliot, Primates, i. p. 274 (partim., nec Festa).

Fur of medium length. Hairs of crown and forehead all
sloping downwards towards the face.

General colour black. Under surface mixed black and
buffy, the inconspicuous lateral mantle cream-buff. Hands
mixed black and buffy. Thighs black along their antero-
external edge only, their hinder and lower sides conspicuously
buffy, contrasting strongly with the general black colour.
Lower legs blackish all round ; feet mixed black and buffy.
‘Lail black for three-fourths its length above, its under surface
and terminal fourth whitish buffy.

Hab. \ntac, about 50 miles N. of Quito, Ecuador.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 80. 5. 6. 2. Collected
July, 1877, by Clarence Buckley.

Buckley’s Intac Howler, the first American mammal on
which I ever had occasion to write, was preserved until
recently as a flat skin, and this gave it a certain appearance
of abnormality, while its sex was not then ascertainable.
Now, however, that it has been remade, the sex becomes
evident, while the colour proves to be of quite normal distri-
bution. I can, however, find nothing to match it exactly,
its yellowish thighs and tail-tip and its forwardly-directed
frontal hairs distinguishing it readily from the other black
Howlers.

Its relationship is probably with A. caraya* and villosa,
but the former has only a trace of yellowish on the thighs,
and the latter has none at all.

Dr. Elliot assigned the specimen to Festa’s A. equatorialis,
but that animal is said to be chocolate-brown, and not black.

Alouatta palliata quichua, subsp. n.

The N. Ecuador race of A. palliata.
General characters as in A, palliata of Central America,
but the lateral mantle-hairs much more warmly coloured,

* By the kind assistance of Mr. Davies Sherborn Iam enabled to state
that Humboldt’s “Tableau synoptique des Singes de lAmérique ” (Rec.
Obs. Zool. i. pp. 553-863) was published by the 7th August, 1912, while
Geoffroy’s ‘‘ Tableau des Quadrumanes” (Ann. Mus. d'H. N. xix. pp. 85-
122) only appeared in the first week of October of the same year. Simia
caraya, Humboldt, therefore antedates Stentor niger, Geol.

568 Mr. O. Thomas on new

near ochraceous tawny of Ridgway, instead of cream-buff.
Posterior back finely ticked with buffy, the hairs commonly
black with buffy (ochraceous-buffy) tips, while in pa/liata
there is a variable mixture of completely black or buffy
(cream-buff) hairs. Tail with many of its hairs buffy, espe-
cially towards its tip.

Skull in general like that of palliata, but on the average
the mesopterygoid fossa is more squarely open anteriorly and
the zygomata are less broadened vertically, especially in their
anterior part. Thus in male and female quichua the vertical
height anteriorly is 11 mm. and 10 mm., while in palliata it
is 14 mm. and 12 mm, respectively, the general size of the
skulls being about the same.

Dimensions of male and female specimens, measured in the
flesh, the female the type :—

Head and body 530 and 485 mm.; tail 595 and 582; hind
foot 145 and 130.

Skulls: greatest length 113, 104; condylo-basal length
102, 90°5; zygomatic breadth 81, 73; combined length of
premolars and molars 36, 34°5.

Hab. N.W. Ecuador. Type from the Rio Blanco, 20 miles
W. of Mindo (about 79° 10’ W., on Equator). Alt. 2500’.
Other specimens from Mindo, 4200’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.10. 24.1. Original
number 145. Collected 26th June, 1913, by Gilbert Ham-
mond, Presented by Oldfield ‘Thomas.

On laying out the fair series now available of A. palliata,
the general difference between the buffy-sided specimens
from Central America and the present more tawny-mantled
set from Ecuador becomes very evident. The buffy-ticked
back, tendency to have a yellow-tipped tail, and the cranial
points above mentioned are further indications of subspecific
distinction.

Callicebus personatus brunello, subsp. n.

Among the Titi Monkeys in the British Museum which
have been referred to Callicebus personatus there appear to be
two different forms, one from the N.E. corner of S40 Paulo, no
doubt that which also occurs near Rio Janeiro itself, and
another from the State of Espiritu Santo, whence a good
series of it were sent by Mr. A. Robert.

The original Callithria personatus of Geoffroy was without
any more exact locality than “ Brésil,’’ and its description is
too brief to be distinctive, though the words “ Pelage cendré-
fauve”’ correspond better with the Espiritu Santo form than
with the more southern one.

Apart from Humboldt, who merely reproduced Geoffroy’s

Mammals from South America. 569

diagnosis, the next author after Geoffroy to mention the
species is Desmarest, who describes fairly fully what he
identifies as C. personatus from specimens brought by
Auguste Saint-Hilaire from the coast-region between ‘18° 30’
and 21°. on the rivers Itabapuana and others, including
the Rio Doce, Espiritu Santo—therefore from quite the region
where Mr. Robert’s series was collected.

In spite, therefore, of Spix, Burmeister, and other authors
identifying the Rio Janeiro Titi with C. personatus, it seems
to me that Desmarest’s determination, being the first, should
be accepted, especially as he probably had for examination
the type described by Geoffroy eight years before. This
type would seem to have disappeared by 1851, as it is not
mentioned in Isidore Geoffroy’s Catalogue of that date.

In the Espiritu Santo specimens the upper surface and
especially the nape, shoulders, and arms down to the wrists
are broadly washed with pale greyish white. From this the
more southern form may be distinguished as follows :—

General characters as in true personatus, including the
extent of black on the face, crown, ears, hands, and feet, and
in this respect similarly differing from C. nigrifrons, in
which only a narrow frontal band is black, the crown being
dark grey. Whole of upper surface greyish brown, this
colour extending uniformly over the nape, shoulders, and
back. Under surface similarly brown, without any tinge of
reddish on the chest. Fore limbs proximally a similar
greyish brown, inconspicuously speckled with buffy, very
different from the conspicuously whitish forearms of true
personatus; hands and wrists black. Hind limbs similar,
the greyish brown extending to the ankles. ‘Tail dull
reddish.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 3880 mm.; tail 420; hind foot 100;
ear 30.

Skull: greatest length 70; condylo-basal length 58°5 ;
breadth of brain-case 35; front of canine to back of m® 19:3.

Hab. S&o Paulo and Rio Janeiro. Provinces. Type from
Piquete, N.E. So Paulo. Alt. 600 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 1. 6. 6. & Collected 23rd
Jan., 1901, by Alphonse Robert.

Rhogeessa bombyx, sp. n.

Largest species of the genus.

Size decidedly larger than in R, tumida, the largest species
of restricted Rhogeessa as yet described. General characters
as in that species, the ears similarly reaching, when laid
forward, about to the tip of the nose. Colour above and

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 40

570 Mr. O. Thomas on new

below yellowish, darkened by the blackish tips to the hairs;
‘ut, owing to the specimens being preserved in spirit, an exact
determination of the shade is not possible. Membranes
uniformly black. Ears slender, their front margin slightly
and evenly convex; tip narrow ; outer margin slightly con-
cave below tip, then convex to the base. Tragus with its
inner margin straight, its outer margin convex, crenulate, a
well-marked lobule at its base. Glands at backs of ears large
and prominent. Wings to the base of the outer toe. Tail
involved in membrane to its tip.

Skull, as compared with that of R. tumdda, conspicuously
larger and heavier in all dimensions. _ Brain-case more
swollen, the frontal profile consequently more convex.
Occipital protuberance well marked.

‘Teeth as in R. tuméda, but larger throughout. Lower
incisors of the normal proportions, not as in Baodon.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-
men) :—

Forearm 32 mm.

Head and body 44; tail 29; ear 14; tragus on inner
edge 5; third finger, metacarpus 29°5, first phalanx 11°8,
second phalanx 10°3 ; lower leg and hind foot (ec. u.) 18:3.

Skull: greatest length 14°5; basi-sinual length 10°4 ;
zygomatic breadth 10; interorbital breadth 4°8; front of
canine to back of m’ 5:2 ; front of p* to back of m? 3°5.

Hab. Condoto, Choco, Colombia. Alt. 300’.

Type. Old male in spirit. B.M. no. 13. 10. 29.1. Col-
lected by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. One specimen.

It will be seen from the above measurements that while the
forearm of this bat is not longer than is occasionally found in
R. tumida, its skull is decidedly larger in all dimensions.

Nectomys hammond, sp. n.

A glossy brown species related to N. russulus.

Size rather less than in the common grey forms of
Nectomys, such as N, squamipes, garleppi, and their allies,
markedly smaller than in saturatus, larger than in russulus.
General colour “tawny olive,’’ strongly lined and darkened
with black, the dorsal area markedly darker than the sides.
Flanks clearer tawny. Under surface not sharply defined,
dull greyish, the bases of the hairs dark slaty, their tips dull
whitish slightly tinged with tawny (more strongly tawny in
the second specimen). Forearms and metacarpals dark brown,
digits paler brown, thinly haired. Hind legs tawny olive ;
upper side of feet uniformly greyish brown, the scaling ot
the skin unusually clearly marked; fifth hind toe, without
claw, reaching to the end of the first phalanx of the fourth.

Mammals from South America. 571

Skull slender ; upper profile strongly bowed at fronto -
nasal suture, concave in interorbital region, convex again on
brain-case. Nasals unusually broad anteriorly, and not
strikingly narrowed behind. Supraorbital ridges fairly well
developed, but not rising vertically, continued back to the
outer corners of the interparietal. Outer plate of zygomatic
root but little projected forwards in front of the upper bridge.
Palatal foramina rather short, widely open. Lateral pits and
foramina on each side of the posterior palate but little
developed. Bulle small.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 203 mm.; tail 251; hind foot 32;
ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 43; condylo-incisive length 39;
greatest breadth 21°5; nasals 16 x 5°6 ; interorbital breadth
7-7; breadth between ridges on parietals 13°7; zygomatic
plate 4°6; palatilar length 19; diastema 12; palatal fora-
mina 6°7 X45; upper molar series 6°8.

Hab. Mindo, N.W. of Quito, Ecuador. Alt. 4213 ft.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13. 10. 24. 58. Original
number 168. Collected 4th July, 1913, by Gilbert
Hammond. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. ‘Two speci-
mens obtained.

The genus Nectomys falls into two groups, firstly, the
common widely spread and dominant species related to
NV. squamipes (N. apicalis, garleppi, fulvinus, &c., &e.), all
of which are approximately of the same size and general
character of coloration, and, secondly, a few isolated species
differing widely in size and general characters, but none the
less showing their relationship to the ordinary WVectomys
by their glossy fur and heavily ridged skulls. Of these
N. russulus is the nearest in size to N. hammondi, but is
still a good deal smaller, while N. esmeraldarum and
N. dimidiatus ave again conspicuously smaller. On _ the
other hand, N. saturatus, from Ibarra, Ecuador, is altogether
a larger and heavier animal.

It is probable that such species as the present are rather
less aquatic in their habits than the members of the
squamipes group.

Oryzomys arenalis, sp. 0.

A very small pale form of the “ Oligoryzomys ” group.

Size less thauin any of the allied species. General colour
above near “ clay-colour,” the underlying colour buffy, lined
with dark brown. Head slightly greyer and less buffy.
Sides buffy, a more or less distinct buffy line edging the

belly. Under surface creamy white, with a slight shade of
40%

Bie Mr. O. Thomas oa new

buffy, the bases of the hairs slaty. Har with the proectote
little darkened. Chin white. Hands and feet white. Tail
long, brown above, creamy white below.

Skull a miniature of that of O. stolzmanni, the anteorbital
plate of ~zygoma well developed, projecting forwards.
Brain-case not specially enlarged. Interorbital space narrow,
the narrow part long and evenly curved, not specially di-
vergent posteriorly ; supraorbital edges sharply square.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 80 mm.; tail 100; hind foot 21 ; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 22°5 ; condylo-incisive length 1974;
zygomatic breadth 11:4; nasals 7°8; interorbital breadth 3 ;
brain-case breadth 10°5 ; palatilar length 8°8; palatal fora-
usina 4°15 upper molar series 3.

Hab. Coast desert of N.W. Peru. Type from Eten ; sea-
level.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 0.3.1.60. Original number
574. Collected 14th September, 1899, by P. O. Simons.
Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

This is a small pale desert species of the widely spread
group with well-developed anteorbital plate to the zygoma
and normal-sized brain-case. In these respects it agrees
with the much larger O. sto/zmannt, and differs widely from
QO. minutus, dryas, and their allies. Perhaps its nearest ally
is O. munchiquensis, Allen, from W. Colombia, but that is a
mountain form, and is not nearly so pale as OU. arenalis.

Ehgmodontia morgant pamparum, subsp. n.

Essential characters of the Patagonian H. morgani, but
paler throughout. General colour above pale mouse-grey,
with but little buffy suffusion ; an inconspicuous buffy line
edging the ventral colour on the lower flanks. Under surface
pure white, the hairs white to the bases except just along the
sides of the belly, where they have grey bases; in true
morgant all the hairs of the under surface (except Just on the
chin and interramia) have broad dark slaty bases.

Skull as in true morgant.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 75 mm. ; tail 80; hind foot 20 ; ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 23°4; condylo-incisive length 20-2 ;
upper molar series 3°6.

Hab. Southern Argentine Pampas. Type from Peru
Station, F.C.P.; about 200 kilometres N.W. of Bahia
Blanca.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.11.1.6. Original
number 8. Collected 2nd August, 1913, and presented by
FB. Pi Parkes, ad:

Mammals from South America. 573

Distinguishable by the practically complete whiteness of

the belly-hairs.
Philander laniaer senex, subsp. n.

Like Ph. l. derbianus, with the following exceptions :—
Head more entirely grey, the grey itself nearly white ;
mesial dark streak much less developed, almost imperceptible.
Light withers’ mark more prominent, light grey. Under
surface only Whitish on small patches in “chest and inguinal
regions, the rest, and inner sides of the limbs, washed with
pale tawny, like sides, but less glossy. Hind limbs like
sides, not greyish. Hairy part of tail hoary grey ; difference
between upper and lower extent of fur about 14 inches.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) —

Head and body 257 mm.; tail 410; hind foot 44;
ear 33.

Hab. Mindo, Ecuador. Alt, 4200".

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.10.24.75. Original
number 150. Collected 25th June, 1913, by Gilbert Ham-
mond. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Lhis beautiful Philander is no doubt nearly allied to PA. /.
derbianus, found in Colombia to the north of it, but may be
distinguished by its more prominently grey head and tawny-
washed under surface.

Marmosa sobrina, sp. n

Related to MW. fuscata of Merida, but with a pale line down
the centre of the underside.

Essential characters, including the narrow unridged skull,
as in M/. fuscata andincana. General colour above of exactly
the same brown as J/. fuscata, mummy-brown on the back
grading into a drabby brown on the sides ; quite without the
warm shade—approaching to rufous—of some of the
Peruvian species, such as ¢mpavida, ‘I'schudi, and madeseens,
Osgood. Face asin JM. fuscata. Under surtace, from chin
to anus, cream-buff along the centre, the pale area varying
from about a quarter of an inch wide on the belly to three-
quarters on the chest, the hairs pale to the roots; on each
side of the belly the hairs are slaty basally, greyish termin-
ally. Hands and feet dull whitish. Tail uniformly dark
brown to tip, the terminal half of the underside inconspicuously
lighter.

Skull very long and narrow, decidedly longer than in
Juscata and madescens. Nasals slightly expanded behind,
Interorbital region smoothly rounded, without beading.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Sage aud body 123 mm.; tail 156; hind foot 18;

r 20°95.

574 Hon. W. Rothschild on some

Skull : greatest length 37:4; condylo-basal length 36;
zygomatic breadth 18°2; nasals 17°6x3°7; interorbital
breadth 6°2; breadth of brain-case 12°6; palatal length 21;
maxillary tooth-row 15; three anterior molariform teeth 6.

Hab. Mindo, N.W. of Quito, Ecuador. - Alt. 4200’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13. 10. 24.70. Original
number 163, Collected 3rd July, 1913, by Gilbert Hammond.
Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

This is a representative of MW. fuscata, with a light line
down the under surface as in certain of the Peruvian species.
It may be really closest to Osgood’s M. madescens, but has
not that animal’s warm colour, which is as in JZ. impavida
and other members of the murina group. Nor has it a white
tip to the tail.

LXXIV.— Descriptions of some new Forms of Antelope, with
Notes. By the Hon. Water RoruscuiLp, F.R.S., Ph.b.

Adenota kob and its allies.

The forms of this group are very puzzling, owing to their
undergoing a seasonal change of pelage. The yellow-eared
forms differ, after the change, by an increase of white round
the eye and in an increased appearance of black on the legs.
The white-eared forms after the change are much redder,
owing to the shedding of the black hairs, which are replaced
by rufous. Jam of opinion that all the smaller kob antelopes
of this section, both yellow-eared and white-eared, are only
local races of one species, the oldest name for which is kod of
Erxleben, 1777, and, in point of distribution and coloration,
they should stand in the following order :—

Adenota kob pousarguesi, Neum.
Congo. .
Adenota kob kob, Erxl.
Gambia to Niger.
Adenota kob neumanni, Rothsch.
District west of Lake Albert.
Adenota kob thomasi, Neum.
Central and Southern Uganda.
Adenota kob notata, Rothsch.
Southern Soudan, Ahmed Aga, &e.

new Forms of Antelope. 575
Adenota kob nigroscapulatus, Matschie.
Bahr-el-Gazal.
Adenota kob leucotis, Licht. & Pet.
Nile above Khartoum.

A key to the forms is as follows :—

No white above eye, pelage deep rufous,
| ears yellows face oc sas nye ves 5 pod oes A, kob pousarguesi.
White above eye, ears yellow .......... 2.
White above eye mixed with pale yellow,
9 pelarerimbyous! oy ccc atts adel seek A, kob kob.
“*) White above eye pure, not confined to
EPH LOVER CVE! | valtrela'elsicci evn ays) costerave 3.
White running down slightly on to nose,
3 space below eye yellow .......... A, kob neumanni.
‘) White above eye extended, space below
eye whitish or pure white ........ 4,
White above eye, whitish below........ A, kob thomasi.
4 Above, below, and behind eye and face
: TET STS RAE Riot pikes er A A. kob notata.
Dark parts black or brown, ears white .. 5.
Dark parts brown or yellowish brown.... A. kob nigroscapulatus.
‘ Dark parts uniform black .............. A. kob leucotis.

Adenota kob neumanni, subsp. n.

3. Differs from A. kob kob by the larger, longer, and
stouter horns, and by the white over the eye running down
over the tear-duct on to the nose. Face entirely fulvous
yellow ; ears uniform yellow on outer surface with narrow
black tip.

Hab. Lake Albert Edward.

Adenota kob notata, subsp. n.

6. Differs from A. kob neumanni and A. kob thomas? in
having the whole region round the eye, above and below, to
base of ears and horns white, as well as a large portion of
face and nose. Lars on outer surface pale buff, with basal
portion white, no black tip.

Hab. Southern Soudan, Ahmed Aga on the Bahr-el-
Abiad, &c.

Taurotragus derbianus congolanus, subsp. n.

Differs from 7. derbianus derbianus and T. d. gigas in both
sexes by the horns.

6+ Horns gigantic and comparatively longer and more
slender ; those of the type exceed any measured pair of
T. d. gigas. Spiral twist starts much more on front of Fore-
head. Anterior crest of this spiral passes round the back of
the horns only once, NOT twice as in derbianus derbianus ; the
distance between base of horn and second frontal point of the
twist is much greater than in either of the other two forms.

576 On some new Forms of Antelope.

Space between lorn-cores narrower than in d. gigas, but
not so narrow as in d. derbianus.

Hair on forehead and between horns dark blackish chest-
nut, not bright reddish fulvous as in the other two forms.

@. Horns much straighter and much more slender than
in the other two forms, and more strongly ribbed in basal
area. The horns run straight back from the skull, the
points only turned outwards in the last two or three inches.

Length of horns, ¢ 42; inches=1098 mm.

2 ” 34 257, el 650 ”

Hab. Eastern Congo; ¢, Ubanghi District ; 9, N.W.
Tanganjika.

Bubalis tora digglet, subsp. n.

g. This is quite distinct from the four other races of Tora
Hartebeest. It belongs to the uniform fulvous section, viz.,
tora tora and tora rahatensts. It differs from both in being
much darker, almost rufous. The principal differences, how-
ever, lie in the skull and horns. The skull is, measured
from the basion, 399 mm., as opposed to 380 mm. in length
in tora rahatensis; the nasal bones reach further back
towards the eye-orbits, and are narrower and more pointed at
each end, and the skull at base of horn-cores is much broader.
The horns are much less bracket-shaped than in either of the
other forms, much closer together, and the terminal portion
nearly twice the length of the same in the others ; the terminal
portion is also much more bent back, and the points are
directed straight backwards as in Bubalis major. They thus
differ entirely from all four other races, where the points are
directed upwards, and in ¢. tora and t. swaynet outwards,
while in ¢. ranatensis and t, noacki they turn inwards.

Horns: length 204 inches=526 mm., girth 94 inches=
247 mm., width between tips 122 in.=332 mm.

Hab. Keili, northwards along the Ofat River on the
Soudan Abyssinian frontier.

The type was got by Lieutenant W. H. Diggle out of a
considerable herd, along with two other specimens, and
several others were got by the Hon. T. G. B. Morgan
Grenville. In his description of Bubalis tora rahatensis,
Mr. Oscar Neumann draws attention to hybrids between that
and B, lelwel lelwel, and on reading the above description
some people might think these were such hybrids ; but 1 have
seen several of these undoubted hybrids, which are all
characterized by much thicker horns, with shorter pomts—
and, moreover, are always uniques or found in very small
numbers in the herds of either parent, never in large herds
by themselves, as the specimens of my new form were.

—

~I
_

A Synopsis of the Genus Tinamus. 5

LXXV.—A Synopsis of the Genus Tinamus. By Lorp
Brasourne, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., and Caries Cuuss,
¥.Z.S., M.B.O.U.

Our work in connection with the Birds of South America
enables us to present the following synopsis of the genus
Jinamus.

No work on the entire group has appeared since the
publication of Count Salvadori’s Monograph in the Twenty-
seventh Volume of the ‘ Catalogue of the Birds in the British
Museum,’ which was issued in 1895.

Much research, however, has since been conducted in every
branch of ornithology, and this group has casually benefited.
The differentiation of the species into subspecies in this
genus is attended with some difficulty on account of the
small number of specimens in collections.

We have, however, to acknowledge our indebtedness to
the Hon. Walter Rothschild for the loan of his fine collection,
whilst Prof. L. Doilo has most courteously allowed the
collection in the Brussels Museum to be forwarded to the
British Museum (Natural History) for comparison. The types
of 7. peruvianus, Bonap., and 7’ blasiusi, Dubois, are contained
in this collection, and have been carefully examined by us.
We have also to express our thanks to Dr. Otto Fuhrmann at
Neuchatel, who was good enough to send us the typeof 7. kleez
for examination. ‘brough the kindness of these gentlemen
we have been abie to bring together a larger and more repre-
sentative collection than has hitherto been available.

Asa result, we cau now recognize six species occurring in
South America, whilst twelve subspecies can be differentiated ;
and from the examination of these specimens we anticipate
that, with a larger amount of material, other subspecies will
be separated.

We now admit Tinamus tao tao, Temm., from Central and
Northern Brazil; 7. ¢. k/eet, Tschudi, from Peru ; and 7. ¢.
septentrionalis, subsp. u., from Guiana, Venezuela, and
Colombia.

T. guttatus, Pelz., from Northern Brazil, Eastern Ecuador,
and Peru, has no subspecies, yet the series at our disposal
differs, more or less, from each locality whence we have speci-
mens. Thesame remark applies to 7. solitarius, Vieill., from
Paraguay and South-east Brazil. Of 7. major, Gmel., five
subspecies are admitted: 7. m. major, Gmel., Guiana and
North Brazil; 7. m. ruficeps, Scl. & Salv., Ecuador, E. Peru,
and Colombia; T.m. castaneiceps, Salvadori, West Colombia,

578 Lord Brabourne and Mr. C. Chubb—A Synopsis

extending to Panama; TZ. m. serratus, Spix, Venezuela,
Central and Northern Brazil; 7. m. peruvianus, Bonap.,
Peru. TZ. latifrons, Salvadori, is still represented by two
examples from Western Ecuador. 7. robustus inexpectatus
is a new subspecies from N. Ecuador.

The type of dlasiusi, Dubois (Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
1894, p. 404), is, as Count Salvadori stated (Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. xxvu. p. 498, 1895), an example of 7. tao kleet, Bonap.,
but it is certainly not the bird that Bonaparte described in
the ‘ Comptes Rendus’ (Paris), xlin. p.573 (1856). 7’. blaszz,
Gray (List Spec. Birds Brit. Mus. part v., Galline, 1867,
p. 101), is a nomen nudum, and Dubois’s name must be
separately treated.

We describe herewith :—

Tinamus tao septentrionalis, subsp. n.

Differs from 7. tao tao by the absence of the broad black
bars on the upper surface, which are replaced by fine vermi-
culations, especially on the upper back, where the general
colour is olive ; the underparts are also more finely vermi-
culated and the breast almost uniform lead-grey.

Total length 580 mm. ; culmen 41 ; wing 281; tail 105 ;
tarsus 77.

Type. ¢. Plains of Cumana, Venezuela; in Rothschild
Museum, Tring. ¢ and other specimens in British Museum.

Tinamus robustus inexpectatus, subsp. n.

Adult male. General colour above chestnut olive-brown,
barred with black; upper tail-coverts more uniform and
margined at the tips with rufous-buff, tail-feathers chestnut-
brown mottled with black; bastard-wing, primary-coverts,
aud quills dark brown, the secondaries mottled with rufous-
brown on the outer webs, some of the innermost mottled on
both webs at the tips; crown of head entirely black ; sides
of face and hind neck sandy-buff, minutely barred with
black ; ear-coverts blackish ; chin dull white; fore neck
more inclining to olive, with a submarginal line of black to
the feathers, which gives a scalloped appearance ; breast and
sides of body olive-brown, with black and white frecklings on
the middle of the abdomen ; lower flanks and thighs pale
buff, barred with dark brown ; the extreme lower portion of
tibia uniform brown ; under tail-coverts bright rufous-buff,
coarsely mottled) with dark brown; under wing-coverts
brown, some with pale margins; greater series and inner

of the Genus Tinamus. o79

edges of primaries ash-grey. ‘* Bill black, below light grey ;
feet grey ; iris brown” (Miketta and Fleming).

Total length 367 mm.; culmen 37; wing 237; tail 80;
tarsus 70.

Type. ¢. Salidero, North Ecuador ; in British Museum.
6 and other specimens in British Museum and in the
Rothschild Museum, Tring.

This bird is recorded by Dr. Hartert as T. latifrons (Nov.
Zool. ix. p.599, 1902), but it is quite different from the two
examples of that species, and is undoubtedly closely allied to
T. robustus, Sclater, from Central America.

The following key will aid to future determination :—

Key to the Species.

A. General colour slate-blue, washed more or less
with olive.

a. Olive wash absent ; broadly barred with black

on the upper surface, including the mantle

and entire back ; sides of abdomen faintly

ATE degwaitilny Dtettmeey eet pete ole) eee ancy oe tao tao.
b. Olive wash present ; sides of abdomen boldly
barred with buff and dark brown ........ tao kleei,

ce. Olive wash predominant; upper surface finely
vermiculated, the cross-bars more obscure

and restricted to the lower back and rump. tao septentrionalis.
B. General colour above olive-brown or chestuut-

brown.
d, Smaller: wing less than 200 mm.; with
buffy-white spots on the wings.......... guttatus.

e. Larger: wing more than 200 mm.; wings
without butty-white spots.
a’. Crown of head olive-brown; a longitu-
dinal ochraceous line on each side of the
HVPE CIES 2) Lies oy w'd-sr nad oe. ool cede eae solitarius,
b'. Crown of head bright rufous; no lines on
the hind neck ; back dark olive-brown.. major ruficeps.
', Crown of head chestnut ; back dark olive-
brown; bars on wing-coyerts very pro-
MACHIACOUN ea sis sfc a, deat eiviele ae as mates major castaneiceps.
d'. Crown of head chestnut; back pale olive-
brown; bars on wing-coverts almost

ie)

SSO. ee Oe ARE CRAs ote eee Ora major peruvianus.
e'. Crown of head cinnamon-rufous; back
Dec clEVe-DLOW ites tars a c'e'6 An baie ee a major serratus,
f'. Crown of head marnon-chestnut ; back
Pier OMVE-DEONIG) 91 sis ots oh 6x ds) fe eran major major.
g'. Fore part of head slate-colour; nape chest- _
NULLOMNE CE abetoy cake MEMES hee sia cos. a #,'6) 0 ale ap oretar's latifrons.
h'. Entire crown of head black............ robustus inexpectatus.

The ranges cannot be accurately determined, however, by
the few specimens which we have from each locality, which
show considerable variation.

580 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

LXXVI.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of
Noctuide. By Sir Georce F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S.

Tue following paper forms a seventh supplement to the first
thirteen volumes of the ‘ Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalenz
in the British Museum,’ 1898-1913. As, however, Supple-
mentary Volumes of the Catalogue to vols. i. to iil. will
shortly be issued, descriptions of the species belonging to
the Families classified in those volumes are reserved for the
Supplement.

The former papers appeared in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 7, vol. villi. pp. 165-186 (1901), vol. xi. pp. 337-351
(1908), vol. xv. pp. 425-453 (1905), vol, xix. pp. 221-257
(1907), and ser. 8, vol. iv. pp. 344-388 (1909), and vol. vin.
pp. 893-445 (1911).

The numbers before the species indicate their position in
the classification adopted in those volumes. ‘lhe types are
in the British Museum.

Noctuide.
AGROTINE.
49 a. Chloridea conifera, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax whitish mixed with brown; palpi
white at base; fore legs darker brown; abdomen yellowish
mixed with brown, the ventral surface whitish. Fore wing
whitish tinged with brown and irrorated with dark brown,
the discal area whiter ; small blackish subbasal spots at costa
and median nervure ; autemedial line black, reduced to points
on costal half, oblique to submedian fold, then inwardly
oblique and incurved at vein 1; a conical blackish patch
from middle of costa enclosing the reniform, which has a
faint pale annulus, an indistinct oblique line from it to
inner margin ; traces of a dark postmedial line excurved
to vein 4, then incurved ; subterminal line dark, with some
dark suffusion before it on costal area, slightly excurved
below vein 7; a lunulate black terminal line; cilia dark
brown. Hind wing yellow ; the base dark brown, emitting
a short streak on vein 1, the inner margin reddish brown; a
large black discoidal lunule ; the terminal area black-brown,
its inner edge excurved at middle, then incurved ; a yellow
patch on termen between veins 4 and 23; cilia whitish
towards tornus ; the underside with the costal half whitish,
the termen towards apex and the patch at middle whitish.

Hab. Vransvaat, Johannesburg (Covke), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 30 mm.

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 581

193 b. Timora umbrifascia, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax dark brown tinged with grey ; an-
tennze whitish ; palpi, frons, pectus, and legs dark brow iF
abdomen grey-brown, the ventral surface dark brown. Fore
wing whitish tinged with red- brown ; a dark brown fascia
in and just below the cell extending to termen, with a white
fascia on it in discal fold from middle of cell to near ter men,
pointed at extremities; the terminal area suffused with dark
brown. Hind wing white, the margin tinged with brown ;
the veins with slight brown streaks towards termen ; cilia
brown at base, whitish at tips; the underside white, the
costal and terminal areas tinged with red-brown and irrorated
with dark brown,

Hab. Niceria, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type. Exp.34mm.

268 ¢. Micragrotis melanomesa, sp. nu.

3. Wead and tegule white slightly tinged with rufous ;
palpi black except at tips ; frons black at sides ; antennee
black ringed with white fomarda base ; thorax black mixed
with whitish and rufous, the metathorax with white patch ;
pectus and legs whitish mixed with dark brown, the tarsi
blackish ringed with white ; abdomen red-brown, the ventral
surface white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing grey-
white tinged with rufous and striated with brown, the
terminal area grey-white striated with brown; subbasal line
double, black filled in with white, from costa to vein 1, some
black suffusion beyond it on costa and below the cell; ante-
medial line double, blackish, strong and filled in with white
at costa, bent outwards to inner margin, the cell beyond it
black ; orbicular white, small, elliptical, confluent with a
patch on costal area; reniform small, white slightly defined
by blackish and with scme blackish in centre ; postmedial
line double, black and filled in with white towards costa,
bent outwards below costa, then very indistinct and excurved
with a series of dark points on its outer edge, a black patch
beyond it on costal area, with some wh Lite points on costa ;
a faint dark subterminal shade defining the whiter area; a
terminal series of small black spots ; ‘cilia fuscous , with a
fine white line at base. Hind wing semihyaline w hite ; the
underside with the costal area irrorated with brown, a post-
medial series of black points on the veins, and black points
on apical half of termen.

Hab. Br. B. Arnica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1g type. Exp.

94 mm.

582 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
I

440 a. Huzxoa pheochroa, sp. nu.

36. Head and thorax dark red-brown slightly mixed with
greyish; tarsi ringed with white ; abdomen reddish brown
tinged with grey, the ventral surface whitish irrorated with
brown. Fore wing dark red-brown tinged with grey ;
blackish subbasal spots on costa and below the cell ; ante-
medial line with double blackish spots at costa, then waved
and strongly angled outwards above inner margin ; orbicular
a small brown spot ; reniform faintly defined by brown; a
diffused brown medial line, oblique to lower angle of cell,
then waved; postmedial line with small blackish spot at
costa, slightly bent outwards below costa, then dentate, ex-
curved to vein 4, then oblique, some pale points beyond it
on costa; subterminal line faint, pale defined on inner side
by very slight dentate red-brown marks, excurved below
vein 7 and at middle, the area beyond it slightly darker ;
cilia reddish ochreous with brown lines near base and at
middle. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown ; a slight
discoidal spot, curved postmedial line, and a terminal line ;
the underside with the costal area irrorated with blackish,
the postmedial line diffused.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 g type. Eup.
30 mm.

772a. Agrotis griseofusca, sp. Nn.

3d. Head and thorax glossy black-brown ; pectus and legs
black-brown, the tarsi ringed with white; abdomen pale
ochreous, the ventral surface suffused with brown. Fore
wing black-brown with a silvery blue-grey gloss ; antemedial
line fine, black, very highly dentate outwards in the inter-
spaces and inwards on the veins, the tooth in cell extending
nearly to the reniform, which is small, with blackish centre
and ochreous annulus defined by black ; postmedial line
indistinct, black, bent outwards below costa, then produced
to short streaks on the veins, incurved below vein 4; the
veins of terminal area slightly streaked with black ; a ter-
minal series of minute black points. Hind wing pure white,
the costa and cilia towards apex fuscous ; the underside with
the costal area irrorated with brown except at base.

Hab. Br. EH. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 g type.
Yep. 30 mm.

7726. Agrotis rufescens, sp. ni.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous mixed with some
dark brown; antennz blackish ; legs dark brown, the tarsi

Grenera and Species of Noctuide. 583

slightly ringed with white; ventral surface of abdomen
suffused with dark brown. Fore wing rufous slightly irro-
rated with brown; the costal area suffused with black-brown
except at apex, interrupted at the lines ; a minute whitish
spot at base of costa defined on outer side by black; sub-
basal line represented by double oblique black striz filled in
with white from costa and a whitish spot below the cell, a
fine sinuous black streak in submedian fold from it to the
antemedial line, which is double, brown filled in with whitish,
very highly angled outwards in the interspaces and inwards
on the veins; orbicular and reniform small, rounded, and
defined by black, closely approximated and connected by a
black streak in discal fold; postmedial line double, brown
filled in with whitish, bent outwards below costa, then
minutely dentate, incurved below vein 4 and angled outwards
at vein 1, some minute white points beyond it on costa, and
blackish points on the veins. Hind wing white, the costa
tinged with brown towards apex, the underside with the costal
area irrorated with brown.

Hab. N. Nicerta, Minna (Macfie), 2 ¢ type. Ezp.
24 mm.

778 a. Agrotis melamesa, sp. n.

?. Head ochreous tinged with red-brown; antennze
blackish ; palpi irrorated with blackish except towards tips ;
thorax red-brown mixed with grey and slightly irrorated
with blackish ; pectus and legs ochreous suffused with brown,
the tarsi dark brown with pale rings ; abdomen grey-brown.
Fore wing greyish suffused with red-brown, the costal area
suffused with black-brown except at apex, interrupted at the
lines ; subbasal line double, brown filled in with whitish,
sinuous, from costa to submedian fold; antemedial line
double, blackish filled in with whitish, oblique, waved ; orbi-
cular and reniform small, incompletely defined by black, a
quadrate black patch between them and two slight black
marks on outer edge of reniform ; a sinuous dark medial line
from cell to inner margin ; postmedial line indistinct, double,
filled in with whitish, strongly bent outwards below costa,
then with double black points at the veins, incurved below
vein 4, some minute white points beyond it on costa ; traces
of a pale sinuous subterminal line; a terminal series of
minute black points. Hind wing white slightly tinged with
brown, the cilia whiter except at apex; the underside with
the costal area irrorated with brown, a postmedial dark bar
from costa.

Hub. N. Nigeria, Minna (Macfie), 2 2? type. Eup.
26 mm,

584 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

779 a. Agrotis ustula, sp. 0.

¢. Head and thorax dark red-brown, the tegule except
at tips yellow mixed with red, and with slight red medial
line ; pectus and legs black-brown, the throat ochreous, the
fore cox bright rufous, the tarsi ringed with ochreous;
abdomen pale red-brown, the ventral surface ochreous.
Fore wing pale ochreous yellow suffused with fiery red, except
the base and the cell and area just below it to the antemedial
line, the inner area suffused with blackish except at base ;
a fine black streak in submedian fold before the antemedial
line, which is double, blackish, dentate, bent inwards to
inner margin ; orbicular pale ochreous yellow with small
black spot in centre, its outer edge produced to a point con-
fluent with the reniform, which has a greyish centre defined
by black and ochreous- ‘yellow annulus on inner side only ; >
au oblique dark shade ‘from lower angle of cell to inner
margin ; postmedial line double and black at costa, strongly
bent outwards below costa, then represented by an oblique
series of black points on the veins defined on outer side by
ochreous points, the veins beyond them streaked with black ;
the terminal part of costa black with a series of pale points ;
an ochreous apical patch, the termen below it with a series
of black points; cilia ochreous with slight dark line near
base except towards apex and intersected with black at
veins 6 to 4. Hind wing semihyaliue white faintly tinged
with brown, aslight discoidal point and terminal line ; the
underside with the costal area tinged with ochreous and
irrorated with brown, a black discoidal spot, postmedial
series of minute streaks on the veins and terminal series of
small black spots from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 g type.
Exp. 28 wm.

841 a. Episilia cirphidia, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey and some
fuscous ; abdomen grey suffused with red-brown. Fore
wing grey tinged with red-brown and thickly irrorated with
dark brown; a dark brown fascia below median nervure; a
minute black spot in middle of cell and two discoidal spots ;
a whitish streak in discal fold from the discocellulars to
before termen, with dark red-brown fascia above and below
it, met by an oblique red-brown shade from termen below

apex ; a terminal series of minute black spots ; cilia whitish,
with a brown line near base. Hind wing pale red-brown ;
cilia whitish, with a red-brown line through them ; the

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 585

underside whitish tinged with red-brown, the costal area
irrorated with brown.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 g type. zp.
40 mm.

84145. Episilia leucaniades, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax bright red-brown ; abdomen fuscous
brown, the anal tuft red-brown. Fore wing bright red-
brown irrorated with a few black scales; a blackish streak
along terminal part of median nervure and above vein 4 to
before termen ; two minute black points in middle of cell
and a discoidal point; a terminal series of minute black
spots. Hind wing dull reddish brown tinged with grey;
cilia grey, with a brown line through them ; the underside
with the costal half brownish white, irrorated with a few
black scales, the inner half dark brown, a terminal series of
minute black spots.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 g type. Exp.
36 mm.

89la. Episilia pyronota, sp. n.

6. Head and basal half of tegule white slightly tinged
with red ; antennz fuscous except towards base; palpi red,
the second joint with some black at sides, the tips whitish :
terminal half of tegule and thorax bright chestnut-red, the
tegulz with white line towards tips ; pectus and legs whitish
tinged with red, the tibiw streaked with black, the tarsi
blackish at extremities ; abdomen whitish tinged with red,
the dorsum suffused with fuscous, a sublateral series of black
spots, Fore wing whitish suffused with bright chestnut-red
except on costal area, the median nervure streaked with
white, the veins of terminal area pale faintly defined by
brown streaks; a strong black fascia below basal half of
median nervure and a black streak above middle of median
nervure ; a small black spot in middle of cell and small
discoidal lunule; a postmedial series of black points, bent
outwards below costa and oblique below vein 4; a wedge-
shaped blackish shade from termen at discal fold, a lunulate
shade below vein 3, and a terminal series of black points.
Hind wing pure white, the inner margin slightly tinged with
brown ; a small] black discoidal point and terminal series of
striz from apex to vein 2. Underside of fore wing with the
disk suffused with fuscous ; hind wing with the costal area
tinged with rufous and irrerated with black,

Ab. 1. Fore wing less strongly suffused with chestnut-red.

Hab. Perv, Agualani {Ockenden), 2 3 type, Acopampa,
12g. Exp. 30-34 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. 41

4

586 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

891 b. Kpisila lacteicosta, sp. n.

¢. Headand thorax whitish tinged with rufous ; antennz
blackish except towards base; palpi rufous, white at tips and
with some black at side of second joint ; abdomen whitish
tinged with rufous and dorsally with brown. Fore wing
whitish suffused with bright rufous except on costal area
and slightly irrorated with black ; the median nervure
streaked with white; a strong black fascia below basal half
of median nervure and a black streak above middle of median
nervure; a small black spot in middle of cell and larger
discoidal spot with a blackish streak between their lower
parts continued faintly above vein 4 ; a postmedial series of
black points, bent outwards below costa and oblique below
vein 4; a wedge-shaped black shade from termen at discal
fold, a lunulate shade below vein 3, and a terminal series of
black points. Hind wing pure white, the imner margin
famtly tinged with brown ; a small blackish discoidal spot
aud terminal series of black strie from apex to vein 2.
Underside of fore wing with the disk suffused with fuscous ;
hind wing with the costa tinged with rufous and the costal
area irrorated with large black scales.

Hab. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 2 8 type. Exp. 32-
o4 mm.

Genus TRICHOPHOTIA, Noy.
Type, 7’. homogenea.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi obliquely upturned, the
second joint reaching to about middle of frons and rather
broadly scaled in front, the third short, porrect; frons smooth
with tuft of scales and flattened tuft above between antenne ;
eyes large, round, hairy, not overhung by cilia; antenna
ciliated ; thorax clothed with hair and scales mixed, the
pro- and metathorax with spreading crests; tibiee moderately
fringed with hair, all the tibize spined ; abdomen with some
rough hair at base, but without crests. Fore wing rather
long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen evenly
curved and not crenulate; veins 3 and 5 from near angle
of cell; 6 from upper angle; 9 from 10 anastomosing with
8 to form the areole ; J1 from cell. Hind wing with veins
3, 4 from angle of cell or shortly stalked; 5 obsolescent
from middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 stalked ; 8 anastomosing
with the cell near base only.

893 a. Trichophotia homogenea, sp. 0.

dg. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with black-brown

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 587

and grey; palpi black-brown, the extremity of second joint
white ; tegule with black-brown medial line edged with
white behind; tarsi black-brown ringed with white; abdo-
men grey suffused with brown. Fore wing grey tinged in
parts with brown and irrorated with black-brown ; double
subbasal black strize from costa and cell and a black fascia
below the cell from the latter to the antemedial line which
is formed by double black spots at costa and a double
oblique waved line from cell to inner margin; claviform
defined by black, moderate ; orbicular and reniform defined
by black, rather small, the former round, the latter with its
centre defined by black-brown, a black fascia before the
former and two streaks on brown suffusion between them ;
postmedial line with two black spots at costa, then dark
brown, bent outwards below costa, then somewhat dentate
with a double series of black points beyond it, strongly
incurved below vein 4 and touching lower part of reniform,
some black-brown suffusion beyond it on costal area with
white points on costa ; a wedge-shaped patch of dark brown
suffusion from termen at discal fold and a lunulate patch
below vein 3; a terminal series of small black lunules;
a fine pale line at base of cilia followed by a brown line.
Hind wing white; a blackish discoidal spot and terminal
series of small spots except towards tornus; the underside
with the costal area irrorated with black, a postmedial series
of minute dark streaks on the veins.

Ab. 1. Fore wing more uniform brown, the dark markings
in the cell and on postmedial area reduced.

Hab. Peru, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 g type, Acopampa,
1g. Ezp. 30 mm.

976 b. Lycophotia costaneata, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax purplish grey mixed with chestnut-
red and irrorated with a few black scales; tegule with
black- brown line near tips; antenne blackish, whitish
towards base; palpi chestnut-red, whitish at tips; sides of
frons black-brown ; pectus and legs chestnut-red, the tibize
grey irrorated with blackish ; abdomen grey towards base,
rufous towards extremity, the ventral surface chestnut-red.
Fore wing purplish grey suffused with chestnut-red, espe-
cially on terminal area, and irrorated with a few black scales;
antemedial line grey defined on each side by chestnut-red,
oblique, waved ; a small round black spot defined by grey in
middle of cell and minute discoidal lunule faintly defined by
grey : postmedial line grey defined on each side by chestnut-
red, bent outwards below costa, then dentate, incurved below

4\*

588 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

vein 4; a terminal series of blackish points and a fine pale
line at base of cilia. Hind wing pure white; a blackish
diseoidal point and terminal series of strize from apex to
above vein 8; cilia tinged with rufous at apex. Underside
of fore wing suffused with fuscous brown except at costa ;
hind wing with the costal area tinged with rufous and
irrorated with black, a small discoidal spot.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Waikins), 1 3g type. Hap.

34mm.
976 ¢. Lycophotia carnea, sp. n.

dg. Head and thorax bright rufous; antenne dark brown
except towards base; palpi chestnut-red except at tips, the
sides of frons dark brown ; ; pectus chestnut-red in front ;
tibize and tarsi grey-brown streaked with blackish ; abdomen
grey-brown, the extremity and ventral surface bright rufous.
lore wing flesh-red tinged with greyish and sparsely irrorated
with black ; an indistinct oblique maculate rufous antemedial
line ; a blackish point in middle of cell and slight dark dis-
coidal bar ; postmedial line indistinct, dark, bent outwards
below costa, then dentate, excurved to vein 4, then incurved ;
a terminal series of black points. Hind wing pure white ;
a blackish discoidal poimt and terminal series of striz from
apex to above vein 3; cilia tinged with rufous at apex.
Underside of fore wing suffused with fuscous brown except
at costa; hind wing with the costal area rufous irrorated
with black, a small black discoidal spot.

Hab. Perv, Uruhuasi, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 32 mm.

1014. Aplectoides occidens, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax violaceous grey mixed with brown ;
peetus and abdomen whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing
violaceous grey irrorated with “brown ; a curved black sub-
basal line from costa to vein 1; antemedial line black
defined on inner side by grey, oblique, sinuous; claviform
moderate, defined by black ; orbicular and reniform grey
defined by black, the former oblique, elliptical, open above,
a red-brown shade before and between them in and below
the cell; a faint sinuous red-brown line from lower angle of
cell to inner margin; postmedial line indistinct, bent out-
wards below costa, then somewhat dentate, excurved to
vein 4, then inecurved, some pale points beyond it on costa ;
subter ‘minal line indistinct, whitish, exeurved below vein 7
and at middle, with a slight red- brown patch before it on
costa and black streaks on the veins ; a terminal series of
small black lunules. Hind wing whitish suffused with red-

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 589

brown, the cilia paler; the underside whitish tinged and
irrorated with brown, a small dark discoidal spot and curved
sinuous postmedial line.

Hab. Canava, Br. Columbia, Sicamous (Miss Ricardo),
1 ? type, Peachland in Coll. Wolley-Dod. Eap. 34 mm.

1016 a. Aplectoides beddeci, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax white tinged with ochreous and
mixed with some black ; palpi black at tips; teguls with
black band near tips ; abdomen white tinged with ochreous
brown and with lateral black stripes. Fore wing white
tinged in parts with ochreous and slightly irrorated with
black, the medial area more strongly irrorated ; subbasal
line black, angled outwards below costa and ending at sub-
median fold, in which there is a slight black streak towards
base ; antemedial line strong, black, dentate towards costa,
excurved in submedian interspace and angled inwards on
vein 1; claviform defined by black and connected by a short
streak with the postmedial line; orbicular and reniform
strongly defined by black except above, constricted at
middle, the former very small; postmedial line black, bent
outwards below costa, then dentate, excurved to vein 4, then
strongly incurved ; subterminal line represented by a series
of dentate black marks, angled outwards at vein 7 and
incurved below vein 3; a terminal series of small black
spots. Hind wing white tinged in parts with brown, a
dark discoidal spot, postmedial line angled outwards at
veins 4 and 1, and diffused subterminal band angled in-
wards at discal fold ; a terminal series of small black spots ;
the underside brownish white irrorated with black, a black
discoidal lunule and strong sinuous postmedial band.

Hab. Newrounpitanp, Doyles Cadroy Valley (Maj.
Beddek), 1 8 type. Eap. 36 mm.

1021 a. Anytus cupola, sp. 0.

dg. Head and thorax white mixed with black-brown ;
frons with black bar; antenn blackish; tegule with black
line near tips; patagia with black streak near upper edge;
pectus and legs white mixed with brown, the tarsi banded
with black ; abdomen white mixed with brown, the crests
blackish. Fore wing irrorated with dark brown and suffused
in parts with red-brown, the medial inner area suffused with
red-brown giving off curved arms on outer side of ante-
medial and inner side of postmedial lines ; a sinuous black
streak below base of cell defined above by whitish ; a slight

590 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

eurved dark subbasal striga from costa; antemedial line
indistinctly double filled in by whitish, oblique, sinuous,
strongly bent inwards to inner margin; claviform defined
by black, its upper edge oblique from median nervure,
extending to near the ‘postmedial line, with which it is
connected by a black streak ; orbicular and reniform large,
pale, with slight white annuli incompletely defined by black,
the former rather elliptical, the latter somewhat angled in-
wards on median nervure ; an oblique sinuous blackish line
from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line
double filled in with white, the inner line strong and black
below vein 5, bent outwards below costa, then excurved and
minutely waved to vein 2, then ineurved, some whitish
points beyond it on costa; subterminal line indistinct, pale,
dentate, defined on inner side by dentate black marks from
below vein 6 to below vein 2 and with blackish streaks
beyond it in the interspaces, except at apex, ending in the
terminal series of small black lunules; cilia with a fine
whitish line at base. Hind wing pure white with a black
terminal line except towards tornus interrupted at the veins;
the underside with the costal area irrorated with brown, a
small black discoidal spot.

9. Fore wing rather darker; hind wing suffused with
brown, an indistinct curved postmedial line.

Hab. U.S.A., Utah, Eureka (Spalding), 1 8,1 9 type.
Exp. 42 mm.

1021 6. Anytus derelicta, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey mixed with
brown; palpi blackish at sides; frons with black bar;
tegule with black line near tips; tarsi banded black and
whitish; abdomen with the crests blackish at tips. Fore
wing bluish grey tinged with brown ; a sinuous black streak
below the basal half of cell ; antemedial line black, angled
outwards in the cell and strongly in submedian fold and
above inner margin and inwards at median nervure and
vein 1; claviform defined by black, pointed at extremity
where it extends to the postmedial line ; orbicular and
reniform with slight whitish annuli defined by black, faintly
above, the former oblique ; postmedial line black, ‘slightly
defined on outer side by whitish towards inner margin,
oblique towards costa, then dentate, incurved and stronger
from vein 2 to the claviform, some white points beyond it
on costa; the veins of terminal area slightly streaked with
blackish ; an oblique series of black streaks in the inter-
spaces from below apex to vein 2, the streaks below vein 5

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 591

interrupted before termen ; a fine blackish terminal line ;
cilia brown with a fine white line at base. Hind wing white
tinged with brown; a slight brownish discoidal striga; a
fine black terminal line and dark line through the cilia ; the
underside white irrorated with brown, a small black dis-
coidal spot, traces of a postmedial line, and terminal series
of black striz.

Hab. Caxnava, Manitoba, Aweme (Criddle), 2 3 type,
Cartwright (Heath), 1 g, Alberta, Calgary (W fate Dod),
1g. Ezap. 40-46 mm.

HapeEnNInz.

1278 a. Miselia proleuca, sp. u.

Head and thorax dark greyish brown ; antennse white
eds base ; pectus and legs white mixed with brown;
abdomen whitish suffused with brown except towards base.
Fore wing pale grey-brown thickly irrorated with black, the
costal area creamy white irrorated with black towards costa ;
antemedial line black defined on inner side by grey ish,
curved, obsolete on costal area; orbicular and reniform
creamy white, their centres irrorated with blackish, the
former rounded, the latter rather triangular; postmedial
line black, almost obsolete and excurved below costa,
slightly incurved at discal fold, and oblique below vein 4 ;
subterminal line ochreous defined on inner side by black-
brown, slightly angled outwards at vein 7, then ‘slightly
curved ; a terminal series of black points, Hind wing
white with rather diffused brown terminal line ; the under-
side with the costal area irrorated with black.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Makuru (Bodeker), 1 9 type. Eap.
36 mm.

1419 a. Odontestra goniosema, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax brown mixed with grey; tarsi dark
brown with pale rings; abdomen ochreous tinged with
rufous. nine wing brown suffused with purplish grey, a
reddish-ochreous fascia on medial part of inner margin
defined above by a black streak below submedian fold ;
subbasal line double, black filled in with whitish, angled
outwards on median nervure, then oblique and ending at
vein 1; antemedial line double, black filled in with ochreous
white, slightly sinuous to submedian fold, thea oblique;
orbicular with pale brownish centre and white annulus
defined by black, small, round; reniform whitish incom-
pletely defined by black and its centre defined by brown,

592 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

narrow, oblique, angled inwards on median nervure, some
blackish suffusion in the cell before and between the stig-
mata; an indistinct sinuous black line from lower angle
of cell to inner margin; postmedial line double, black
filled in with whitish, oblique to vein 6, ee minutely
waved, more strongly incurved just below vein 2, the costal
area beyoud it suffused with blackish and with some whitish
points on the costa; subterminal line whitish defined on
inner side by dentate black marks, angled outwards to
termen at veins 7, 4,3; a terminal series of small black
spots. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown

Hab. N. Nicerita, Minna (Macfie), 1 2 type. Eap.
28 mm.

1431 d. Hadena leucoceps, sp. n.

3g. Head and tegule white with some brown hairs;
antenne black, ringed with white towards base; palpi and
sides of frons black-brown; thorax black-brown with
oblique white stripes on patagia; pectus white, brown in
front ; tibiae and tarsi black ringed with white; abdomen
white dorsally suffused with brown, the anal tuft brown and
white. Fore wing dark blue-grey ; a curved white subbasal
striga from costa defined on each side by black and an
oblique white striga below the cell defined on inner side by
black and with black patch beyond it; some white at base
of inner margin ; antemedial line white, interrupted below
costa and at median nervure, defined on cuter side by black
at costa, retracted in cell, excurved below vein 1] and re-
tracted as a white streak on inner margin defined above by
black ; medial area with the submedian interspace black,
the claviform represented by a large clavate white patch at
its extremity ; orbicular and reniform white irrorated with
fuscous, large, the former rather quadrate, the latter angled
inwards on median nervure to the former, the cell before
and between them black ; postmedial line with white spot
at costa, bent outwards below costa, then oblique, with white
striz above and below vein 6, a white striga in submedian
interspace and outwardly oblique white striga defined on
inner side by black at inner margin, some white points
beyond it on costa; subterminal line ‘vepresented by white
points on diffused black marks from below costa to vein 5,
obliquely curved below vein 7, and a white striga on dif.
fused black between veins 3 and 1; a terminal series of
slight blackish points; cila chequered white and brown.
Hind wing pure white, the veins and termen suffused with
fuscous; cilia with a maculate fuscous line through them ;

Genera and Species of Noctuidie. 593

the underside with the costal area irrorated with fuscous, a
slight blackish streak in middle of cell, small discoidal spot,
slight postmedial line from costa to discal fold, and terminal
series of striz from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Perv, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 3g type. Eap.
30 mm.

1431 e. Hadena clavisigna, sp. un.

6. Head and thorax grey tinged with brown and mixed
with black-brown; tegule with a black line towards tips ;
antennz ringed black and white; frons with lateral black
bars ; tarsi black ringed with white ; abdomen grey-brown,
the anal tuft rufous. Fore wing grey tinged with brown
and irrorated with blackish; double subbasal black strize
from costa and a black patch below the cell with an oblique
white striga on it; antemedial line double, black, angled
outwards below costa, then oblique to vein 1 where it is
slightly angled inwards, then curved inwards to inner
margin-and filled in with white; the medial area with
some dark brown suffusion in submedian interspace ; clavi-
form represented by a clavate yellowish-white mak at its
extremity ; orbicular with slight whitish annulus defined b
black, concave towards base; reniform with slight whitish
annulus defined by black, angled inwards on median nervure
to the orbicular, dark brown patches in the cell before and
between them and a patch beyond the reniform ; postmedial
line double, blackish, bent outwards below costa, angled out-
wards at vein 6, then oblique and somewhat dentate to vein 2,
the costa beyond it blackish with some white points on it;
a subterminal black-brown shade except at inner margin,
incurved below discal fold and with a series of white points
on it defined on each side by black except towards costa and
a white striga in submedian interspace; a terminal series of
black points; cilia with a series of blackish spots at base.
Hind wing whitish suffused with reddish brown, especially
on the veins and terminal area; cilia whitish tinged with
rufous and with a red-brown line through them ; the under-
side grey tinged with rufous and irrorated with brown, a
slight discoidal striga and curved postmedial line.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa, 1 ¢ type. xp. 32 mm.

1431 f. Hadena uncisigna, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax blue-grey mixed with dark reddish
brown ; tegule with dark red-brown line before tips; palpi
and sides of frons dark brown; tarsi black-brown ringed
with white; abdomen grey-brown, the anal tuft and ventral

594. Sir G. F. Hampson on new

surface rufous. Fore wing blue-grey suffused and irrorated
with dark brown ; two small black subbasal spots on costa
and a black patch below the cell with an oblique white
striga on it ; antemedial line dark brown slightly defined on
inner side by grey, oblique, waved, curved inwards and
filled in with white on inner margin ; claviform represented
by a clavate white mark on a dark brown patch at its
extremity ; orbicular and reniform large, defined at sides
by black, the former rounded, the latter angled mwards on
median nervure, some dark brown before and between them;
a rufous streak on terminal half of inner margin; post-
medial line slight, blackish, bent outwards below costa, then
oblique and slightly dentate, the costa beyond it with white
points with black streaks between them; subterminal line
represented by an oblique black bar from costa with white
striga on it below vein 8, a black bar between veins 6 and 4
with two white striz on it, and a bar between vein 3 and
submedian fold with an oblique white line on it, some
rufous between these markings; a terminal series of small
black-brown spots tinged with rufous and a series at base of
cilia. Hind wing white tinged with brown especially on the
veins and terminal area; cilia white with a brown line
through them; the underside whitish, the costal and
terminal areas irrorated with red-brown, a black discoidal
spot, sinuous brown postmedial line, and terminal series of
strive.

9. Fore wing with the white striz on the subterminal
markings more broken up into spots.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the clavate mark beyond the
claviform reduced to a small spot.

Hub. Perv, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 3,2 ¢ type. Lap.
28-32 mm.

1526 6. Hyssia hamiltoni, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with moderate branches to
near apex.

Head and thorax grey-white mixed with pale red-brown ;
antennee black-brown; tegule with dark brown line near
tips, whitish at base; tarsi black-brown ringed with whitish;
abdomen grey suffused with pale red-brown. Fore wing
reddish brown suffused with whitish, the medial area rather
browner ; subbasal line black-brown, sinuous, from costa to
vein 1; antemedial line black-brown, oblique, sinuous ;
claviform obseurely defined by diffused black-brown ; orbi-
cular white defined by black, open above; reniform with
diffused whitish annulus incompletely defined by black ;

ES ee

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 595

postmedial line indistinct, black-brown, bent outwards below
costa, then slightly wayed, incurved below vein 4; sub-
terminal line formed by diffused dentate black-brown marks,
angled outwards at vein 7 and excurved at middle; a
terminal series of minute black-brown lunules. Hind wing
whitish suffused with pale red-brown ; the cilia whiter; the
underside with small brown discoidal spot.

Hab. N. Zearann, Wellington (Hamilton),1 g,1 2 type.
Exp, 44 mm.

1536 a. Hyssia sminthistis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fuscous brown mixed with grey ;
palpi black-brown ; tarsi dark brown with slight pale rings ;
abdomen dark grey-brown with some whitish at base of
sides. Fore wing glossy fuscous brown tinged with grey
and irrorated with a few white scales; a blackish subbasal
striga from costa; antemedial line ‘blackish, oblique to
submedian fold and angled inwards on vein 1 ; small spots
formed by elongate white scales beyond the angles Of cell:
postmedial line. black, shghtly bent outwards below costa,
then dentate, oblique below vein 4, some pale points bey ond
it on costa; a subterminal series of small white spots formed
of elongate scales and slightly defined on inner side by
black ; a fine ochreous line at base of cilia. Hind wing
dark brown, the interspaces of basal half whitish; cilia with
an ochreous line at base; the underside white thickly
irrorated with brown, the terminal area suffused with brown,
a black discoidal spot and diffused sinuous postmedial line.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 g type. ap.
44mm.

1538 a. Hyssia griseata, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax purplish grey mixed with brown;
antenne brown, the shaft white above towards base; palpi
and sides of frons dark red-brown; abdomen dark greyish
brown, the anal tuft tmged with rufous. Fore wing purplish
grey irrorated with dark brown ; autemedial line indistinct,
black-brown, oblique to submedian fold and angled inwards
at vein 1; clavitorm defined by a few blackish scales at
extremity; orbicular detined by slight oblique blackish
strize at sides; reniform small and faintly defined at sides
by blackish ; postmedial line indistinct, blackish, excurved
below costa, then forming slight lunules, oblique below
vein 4; subterminal line represented by a series of slight
dark brown spots in the interspaces except towards costa,
somewhat wedge-shaped between veins 7 and 4; a terminal

596 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

series of black striz; cilia whitish with brown lines near
base and tips. Hind wing grey suffused with brown, the
veins irrorated with dark scales; cilia white with a brown
line near base; the uuderside grey tinged with brown, the
costal and terminal areas irrorated with dark brown, a dark
discoidal striga.

Hab. Perv, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 9 type. Hap.
3/4 mm.

1608 a. Eriopyga diapera, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous and pale red-brown ; palpi and
frons at sides black ; spurs with black bands; tarsi black
ringed with brown; abdomen fuscous black, the anal tuft
and ventral surface pale ochreous tinged with rufous. Fore
wing pale ochreous tinged with red-brown and _ slightly
irrorated with blackish, the veins with slight pale streaks ;
blackish subbasal striz from costa and cell; antemedial
line indistinct, brown, waved, with black points at costa,
median nervure, and vein 1; a blackish point at middle of
cell; reniform defined by black except at middle, where it is
constricted and filled in with reddish ochreous ; a diffused
blackish medial line, oblique to lower angle of cell, then
inwardly oblique; a faint, minutely dentate, brownish post-
medial line with a series of black points on it, excurved from
below costa to vein 4, then oblique, the costa beyond it with
alternating pale and black points; an obliquely incurved
line from apex to inner margin, approximated to the post-
medial line below vein 5, black towards apex, then brown
defined on outer side by reddish ochreous ; a terminal series
of black points ; cilia with two brown lines through them.
llind wing pale ochreous brown ; a terminal series of black
points from apex to vein 2; cilia ochreous white; the
underside ochreous white, the costal area sparsely irrorated
with black, a blackish discoidal spot, a curved fuscous
postmedial line with series of black points at the veins,
the terminal black points prominent.

Hub. Ecvapor, Balzapamba, 1 ¢; Perv, Limbani
(Ockenden), 1 3,1 ¢ type, Agualami (Ockenden),1 3,2 2,
Oconeque (Ockenden),1 3. Hap. 36 mm.

l6lla. Eriopyga polygrapha, sp. n.

Ilead and thorax rufous slightly irrorated with dark
brown ; antennee blackish, the shaft with pale rings towards
base; palpi dark brown; frons with black lateral bars ;
tarsi dark brown with pale rings; abdomen pale reddish
brown, the anal tuft pale yellow. Fore wing pale red-brown

— ee

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 597

irrorated with dark brown; subbasal line double, brown,
waved, from costa to vein 1; antemedial line double, brown,
oblique, waved, somewhat incurved in cell; orbicular defined
by four black points and with dark shade at middle; reni-
form defined at sides by black points and by a w hite point
at lower extremity, its ‘lower part filled in with black ; a
diffused dark medial line, oblique to the reniform and
inwardly oblique below the cell; postmedial line double,
brown, oblique below costa, then dentate and the outer line
produced to black points on the veins, excurved to vein 4,
then incurved ; subterminal line represented by a series of
blackish spots in the interspaces, slightly excurved below
vein 7 and at middle; a terminal series of smal) blackish
spots; cilia with an ochreous line at base. Hind wing
reddish brown, the cilia ochreous white; the underside
grey-white itrorated with brown, a blackish discoidal spot,
rather diffused sinuous postmedial line, and terminal series
of small black spots from apex to discal fold.

Hab. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 3 type, Huancabainba,
12. Ezp. g 40, 2 45 mm.

16116. Hriopyga eugrapha, sp. n

@. Head and thorax dark brown mixed with ochreous ;
antennee ringed ochreous and brown towards base; doc
with lateral black bars; tarsi blackish ringed with ochreous;
abdomen fuscous brown with some whitish at base, the
ventral surface ochreous brown irrorated with dark brown.
Fore wing pale red thickly irrorated with dark red-brown,
the terminal area suffused with brown; subbasal line dark
brown defined on outer side by pale red, waved, from costa
to vein 1; antemedial line black defined on inner side by
pale red, angled outwards below costa, then oblique, waved ;
orbicular and reniform large, with black-brown centres and
pale red annuli defined by black, the former round, the
latter with two white points at lower extremity; a dark
brown medial shade, oblique to the reniform, then inwardly
oblique ; postmedial line double, blackish filled in with
pale red lunules, slightly bent outwards below costa, then
dentate, incurved below vein 4, some pale red points beyoud
it on costa; subterminal line white defined on each side by
slight black spots, incurved below costa and excurved below
middle ; a terminal series of black points; cilia with a fine
ochreous line at base followed by a waved dark line. Hind
wing reddish brown, the cilia reddish ochreous; the under-
side grey-white irrorated with brown, a black discoidal spot,

598 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

diffused sinuous postmedial line, and terminal series of small
black lunules from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Perv, Uruhuasi (Watkins), 1 2 type. Exp.
40 mm.

1641 6. Eriopyga rubrirena, sp. n

2. Head and thorax dark reddish brown; tarsi ringed
with white ; abdomen dark reddish brown with some whitish
at base. Fore wing dark glossy brown tinged with grey and
finely irrorated with black, the basal inner area suffused
with rufous; antemedial line indistinctly double, dark,
waved ; reniform indistinctly defined by black, its upper
part filled in with rufous and a white point in its lower
extremity ; postmedial line indistinct, blackish, oblique
towards costa, then dentate, and oblique below vein 4;
a small rufous spot just before termen at submedian fold ;
fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing white tinged with
reddish brown, the terminal area suffused with brown ; cilia
white with a brown line through them ; the underside white
thickly irrorated with brown, a black discoidal spot, in-
distinct postmedial line with minute black streaks at the
veins, a black terminal line.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa, 1 ? type, Limbani (Ockenden),
2°25) ep. oo mimi.

1649 a. Eriopyga monochroa, sp. x.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown tinged
with grey; antennz ‘pale reddish brown. Fore wing plossy
reddish brown tinged with grey; traces of a sinuous brown
antemedial line ; onan m greyish faintly defined by brown;
an indistinct brown postmedial line, oblique to vein 6, then
slightly waved and incurved below vein 4 ; pubieoa nel line
whitish defined on inner side by brown, slightly excurved
below vein 7 and at middle. Hind wing reddish brown
tinged with grey, the cilia paler; the amderside grey suffused
aa thickly Rirnoneied with reddish brown, a dark discoidal
point and rather diffused curved postmedial line.

Hab. Perv, Acopampa, 1 ? type. Hap. 26 mm.

1702 a. Persectania basifascia, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale grey tinged with red-brown, the
antennee browner; abdomen greyish suffused with rufous.
Fore wing pale grey slightly tinged with red-brown and
sparsely crrorared with black ; a strong black fascia in
submedian fold to below origin of vein 2: a minute sub-
basal black spot in the cell; antemedial line represented by

Geuera and Species of Noctuide. 599

black points on costa and vein 1 and an oblique striga above
inner margin; orbicular and reniform small, incompletely
defined by black, the former very narrow and elongate, a
black streak between them in lower part of cell and beyond
the reniform to the postmedial line with a diffused dark
shade below it; postmedial line black, rather interrupted,
bent outwards below costa, then strongly dentate, oblique
below vein 4; subterminal line indistinct, pale, somewhat
dentate, defined on inner side by diffused black-brown; a
terminal series of small black lunules. Hind wing whitish
suffused with pale red-brown, the cilia white ; the underside
white faintly tinged with red brown, a small brown dis-
coidal spot, a slight postmedial line excurved below costa,
then oblique and ending at vein 4, a terminal series of
blackish lunules from apex to vein 2, then a dark line...

Hab. N. Zuatanp (Hamilton), 1 g, 1 2 type. Eap.
32 mm.

1797 a. Aspidifrontia pulverea, sp. n.

Head and thorax rufous mixed with blackish, the hinder
part of thorax with some whitish ; antenne with the shaft
whitish above; abdomen whitish tinged with rufous, the
ventral surface suffused with black-brown. Fore wing
greyish suffused with rufous and irrorated with black ;
traces of a double slightly sinuous dark antemedial line, the
two lines well separated ; postmedial line indistinct, dark,
shghtly sinuous, oblique below vein 4, a series of minute
black streaks beyond it on the veins ; faint traces of a dar k
subterminal line with blackish points at the veins ; a ter-
minal series of small black lunules. Hind wing white
tinged with rufous; a fine dark terminal line; the under-
side with the costal area suffused with red-brown, a minute
dark discoidal spot and postmedial striga from costa.

Hab. N. Niceria, Minna (Macfie), 1 $,1 2 type. Eup.,
& aa, ? 20.mm.

1827 a. Dasygaster albiviata, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax ochreous brown; palpi with blackish
patch at side of second joint; frons with lateral blackish bars;
vertex of head blackish ; tegule with three blackish lines on
basal half and a shade before tips ; patagia with some black
scales on upper edge and blackish outer edge; fore femora
black-brown on inner side, the mid and hind legs with slight
black-brown marks at femoro-tibial joint, the tarsi ringed
black and white at extremities; abdomen reddish ochreous
with sublateral black-brown spots on medial segments. Fore

600 On new Genera and Species of Noctuidee.

wing ochreous tinged with red-brown and irrorated with
black, the cell and area just below and beyond it suffused
with fuseous, the median nervure, veins 4, 3 and veius 8, 7,
6 with slight white streaks except at termen ; a black streak
in base of submedian fold; a subbasal black striga from
costa; antemedial line slight, black, oblique, dentate, angled
inwards to black points on the veins; a small rufous spot
defined by black scales in middle of cell; reniform small,
whitish suffused with rufous and irrorated with black, a
short black streak beyond its lower extremity ; postmedial
line slight, black, dentate and with small black lunules in
the interspaces, excurved to vein 4, then oblique; an oblique
white shade from apex to vein 2 beyond the cell, with black
marks on its outer edge below veis 7, 4,3; a terminal
series of small black spots. Hind wing ochreotis brown,
the cilia whitish tinged with rufous. Underside of fore wing
suffused with fuscous; hind wing white, the costal area
suffused with reddish ochreous and irrorated with brown, a
wayed blackish postmedial line from costa to discal fold and
a terminal series of small black spots from below apex to
vein 2.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Kumusi R. (Meek), 2 g type.
Exp. 46 mm.

1864.a. Cirphis pyrausta, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax ochreous white slightly tinged with
red; palpi and frons suffused with blackish; antennee
blackish behind; fore tibiz and tarsi streaked with blackish
on inner side; abdomen ochreous white suffused with brown,
the ventral tufts black. Fore wing pale yellow suffused with
fiery red especially on terminal area and sparsely irrorated
with black ; antemedial line blackish, waved, angled inwards
on median vervure and vein 1, oblique to submedian fold ;
a whitish streak on extremity of median nervure and a black
point in lower extremity of cell ; postmedial line represented
by a series of minute blackish lunules, oblique below vein 4,
a series of yellowish streaks beyond it on the veins with
black points on them; an oblique diffused yellowish fascia
from apex with a brownish shade below it extending to
lower angle of cell; atermural series of black pomts. Hind
wing white, the area beyond the cell tinged with rufous from
vein 6 to submedian fold with minute postmedial blackish
streaks on veins 3 and 2; the underside silvery white with
terminal series of black points from apex to vein 2,

Hab. Ucanva, Entebbe (Neare), 1 ¢ , Lake George (eave),
1 go type. Hap. 30 mm.

Geological Society. 601

2055 b. Leucania pheoneura, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax pale red-brown; antenne brown,
the shaft white towards base; abdomen grey-brown, the
anal tuft and veutral surface pale red-brown. Fore wing
pale red-brown, the veins and basal half of submedian fold
with dark streaks; veins 6, 4, 3 defined by whitish streaks
to near termen; an oblique postmedial series of dark points
from discal fold to above vein 1; a fine dark terminal line ;
cilia ochreous with three brown streaks through them.
Hind wing glossy red-brown; cilia ochreous with a brown
line near base; the underside whitish suffused with brown.

Hab. Pexvu, Acopampa, 1 g type. EHzp. 34 mm.

(‘To be continued. |

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

May 28th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communication was read:—

‘The Internal Structure of Upper Silurian Rugose Corals from
the Grindrod Collection, Oxford Museum.’ By Donald Esme Innes,

B.A.
In this paper the following genera and species are described :—

Paleocyclus porpita, P. fletcheri, P. rugosus,
Cystiphyllum siluriense, C. cylindricum.
Cyathophyllum (2): a new species.
Cyathophyllum articulatum, C. truncatum.
Strombodes murchisoni, Str. tupus, Str. diffluens.

The new species of Cyathophyllum (?) is of especial interest. It
was figured by Milne Edwards & Haime as Cystiphyllum cylindricum
Lonsdale, with which it has no close affinities. It combines
characters of the Silurian Cyathophylla and Hallie with those of
the Lower Carboniferous Caninic.

Particular attention is paid to the construction of a septum in
the various genera, the following types being all well repre-
sented :—

(a) Radial spines on the vesicles, with their bases often connected by a
web, Example: Cystiphyllum.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. xii. 42

-

602 Geological Society.

(6) Rods placed in juxtaposition, and cemented together, Example:
Paleocyclus.

(c) Simple plates. Example: Cyathophyllum articulatum.
(¢d) Crumpled plates. Example: Cyathophyllum (?), the new species.

{e) Plates with backward costal prolongations. Example: Strombodes.

Comparison of the Upper Silurian coral facies with that of the
Lower Carboniferous shows that Cystiphyllum, in its vesicular and
spinose structure, bears a close resemblance to the compound
Michelime, while Strombodes is allied in structure to Cyathophyltum
regium of the Viséan.

June 11th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Certain Upper Jurassic Strata of England. By Dr. Hans
Salfeld, University of Gottingen.

The writer has studied the Upper Jurassic strata of North-
Western Germany, the Boulonnais, and Southern England, with
special reference to the ammonites and their zones. The results
of his labours are to be published in detail; but, in anticipation,
he offers to the Society an epitome of his conclusions with regard to
the English strata.

The localities with which he deals are the Dorset coast from
Kimmeridge to Abbotsbury, and the Wiltshire exposures at Swin-
don and Westbury, with an incidental reference to Market Rasen.
The formations concerned are the Portlandian, Kimmeridgian,
and for a starting-point the Upper Oxfordian: these terms
being employed in the German sense. The Upper Oxfordian
=upper part of the English Corallian (+ Kimmeridge Clay locally)
is divided into three zones, found at Osmington, Westbury, and
Swindon. The Kimmeridgian is divided into five zones, and is
equal mainly to the Lower Kimmeridge Clay of English authors,
with one important exception: the Abbotsbury Iron-Ore is placed
as the second zone of the Kimmeridgian, and is correlated with the
Market-Rasen Clays. The Portlandian is divided into nine zones ;
but the term as used in the paper includes the Portland Oolites,
Portland Sands, and Upper Kimmeridge Clay of British authors.

Three new genera of ammonites are named, and two new zonal
species of ammonites are defined.

603

INDEX Tro VOR XIt.”

ABRICTA, new species of, 487.
Acantharctia, new species of, 63.
Acolus, characters of the new sub-
genus, 479.
Actinostola callosa, notes on, 382.
Adenota, new subspecies of, 575.
Aderocharis, new species of, 548,
Advena, new species of, 526.
Agrotis, new species of, 582.
Alcides, new species of, 188.
Allactoneura, note on the genus, 55.
Allenoconcha, characters of the new
genus, 523,
Alouatta, new species of, 567.
Amblyrrhinus, new species of, 187.
Ammocharide, on the British, 161.
Amphipoda Hyperiidea, on the extra-
antarctic, collected by the ‘ Dis-
covery, 245.
Ancistrosoma, remarks on the genus,
425.
Ancistrus, new species of, 470.
Andrena, new species of, 104, 375.
Anomala, new species of, 401.
Anthoglossa, new species of, 373.
Anthracotheres, on new, from Balu-
chistan, 514.
Anytus, new species of, 589.
Apistogramma, definition of the new
generic name, 282.
Aplectoides, new species of, 588.
Apogonia, new species of, 399.
Arber, Dr. E. A. N., on the Hale-
sowen sandstone series, 520,
Arctocebus, new species of, 3357.
Aristomorphus, characters of the
new genus, 84. B
Arrow, G. J., on the lamellicorn
genus Popillia, 38; on the lamel-
liform coleoptera of Japan, 394;
on the melolonthid genus Ancis-
trosoma, 425,

Aspidifrontia, new species of, 599.

Atholus, new species of, 82.

Auchenoglanis, new species of, 68.

Austen, HK. E., on new diptera from
the Falkland Islands, 498.

Autoserica, new species of, 398.

Bagnall, R. 8., on new Thysano-
ptera, 290.

Balinta, new species of, 287,

Baluchitherium, definition of the
new generic name, dO4.

Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H., on three
new voles from the Inner Hebrides,
361.

Bather, F. A., on Cydonocrinus
parvulus, 388.

Batrachians, new, 70.

Beilania, characters of the new sub-
genus, 433,

Belloconcha, characters of the new
genus, 929.

Bethune-Baker,G.T.,on new African
heterocera, 62.

Birds, new, 578.

Blair, K. G., on new Indian Tene-
brionidee, 56.

Blaps, new species of, 56.

Boulenger, G. A., on four new
fishes from S. Cameroon, 67; on
two species of toads from Came-
roon, 70; on a new snake from
Eastern Peru, 72; on five new
cichlid fishes from Africa, 482; on
new lizards, 563 ; on a new cypri-
nodont fish from the Sobat River,
566.

Brabourne, Lord, synopsis of the
genus Tinamus, 577,

Brachyodus, new species of, 516.

Brycon, new species of, 462.

Bryconamericus, new specie

Bubalis, new subspecies of,

>

.

of, 464,
d

Ss
3]

604

Buckman, 8. S., on the Kelloway
Rock, 240.
Callicebus, new subspecies of, 568.
Cailiostoma, new species of, 415.
Calinan, Dr. W. T’., on a new species
of Thaumuastocheles, 229.
Camarimena, new species of, 58.
Cameron, M., on new Staphylinide
from the West Indies, 321.
Cardita, new species of, 288,
Centris, new species of, 109.
Centrodraco, definition ef the new
geueric name, 145,
Ceratophyllus, new species of, 542.
Champaka, new species of, 80.
Charopa, new species of, 452.
Chirolophius, new species of, 280,
Chlamydopsis, new species of, 86,
‘hioridea, new species of, 580.
Chromovaleus, new species of, 408.
Chrysodomus, new species of, 256,
Chubb, C., synopsis of the genus
Tinamus, 577.
Cichlosoma, new species of, 471.
Cifuna, new species of, 64.
Cirphis, new species of, 600.
Clarias, new species of, 67.
Clathurella, new species of, 235,
Clementia, new species of, 58.
Cobbold, E. 8., on the trilobite
fauna of the Comley breccia-bed,
147; ontwo species of Paradoxides
trom Neve’s Castle, 147.
Cockerell, T; D. A., descriptions and
records of bees, 103, 368, 505.
Coleoptera, new, 38, 56, 81, 181, 184,
321, 351, 394, 426, 443.
Compsothrips, new species of, 295.
Conus, new species of, 235,
Creagrutus, new species of, 463.
Crinoids, on British fossil, 388.
Criophthona, new species of, 2.
Crocidura, new subspecies of, 90.
Crocisa, note on the genus, 93.
Crustacea, new, 229, 248.
Cryptocharopa, characters of the
new genus, 034.
Cryptothrips, new species of, 295.
Ctenophthalmus, new species of, 539.
Cummings, B. F., on the crop in the
Mallophaga, 266.
Syclotus, new species of, 437,
Cydonocrinus, characters of the new
genus, 391,
Cyrtepistomus, characters of the
new genus, 186,

IN DEX.

Cythara, new species of, 234.

Dasychira, new species of, 64.

Dasygaster, new species of, 599,

Davies, A. M., on two deep borings
at Calvert Station, 151.

Dawson, C., on a paleolithic human
skull from Piltdown, 147.

Delopsis, note on the genus, 55.

Dendrolamellaria, characters of the
new genus, 522.

Diademodon, on the skull &e. of,
217.

Diancta, new species of, 488.

Dianthidium, new species of, 107.

Diapus, new species of, 449.

Dicercomorpha, new species of, 182,

Diemeniana, new species of, 488.

Diepenheimia, characters of the new
genus, 453,

Diplommatina, new species of, 437.

Diptera, new, 199, 498.

Distant, W. L., on new Cicadide,
76, 485; on Oriental rhynchota,
283; on some recently received
rhynchota, 566.

Drake-Brockman, R. E., on a new
subspecies of Rhynchotragus da-
marensis, 481.

Drillia, new species of, 284.

Eaton, Rev. A. E., on Ephemeridie
from Tropical Africa, 271,

Eblisia, new species of, 355.

Echiaster, new species of, 336.

Echinus angulosus, on the colora-
tion of, 190.

esculentus, on an abnormality
in, 73.

Ectigonia, new species of, 183.

Edwards, F. W., on some myceto-~
philid synonymy, 55; on new
diptera from Ceylon, 199.

Elassoneuria, new species of, 272.

Eligmodontia, new subspecies of,
572.

Engina, new species of, 413.

Fpeolus, new species of, 94.

Eplemeridee from Tropical Africa,
on, 271.

Kpisilia, new species of, 584.

Kriopyga, new species of, 596.

Euryglossa, new species of, 509,

Euthrips, new species of, 291.

Euxoa, new species of, 582.

Evotomys, new species of, 36],

Exeristis, new species of, 1.

Exorhabdus, new species of, 855,

INDEX. 605

Fanulum, new species of, 527.

Felis, new subspecies of, 91.

Fishes, new, 67, 278, 281, 462, 482,
548, 555, 566; on the classification
.of the percoid, 111; on flying-,
544.

Forster-Cooper, C., on a new genus

of perissodactyles from Baluchis-

tan, 376; correction of generic
name, 504 ; on new Anthracotheres
and allied forms from Baluchistan,
514.

Fretum, new species of, 526.

Frost, G. A., on the internal cranial
elements of Dapedius granulatus,
242.

Geeana, new species of, 287, 562.

Gambusia, new species of, 471.

Gastropelecus, on the anatomy of,
544.

Gastroplakeeis, new species of, 66.

Gelasmedon, new species of, 515.

Gemma, note on the genus, 473.

Geological Society, proceedings of
the, 146, 239, 319, 601.

Gerrhonotus, new species of, 564,

Glyphostoma, new species of, 253.

Gomphina, note on the genus, 480.

Gonopionea, characters of the new
genus, 5.

Goode, R. H., on the fossil flova of
the Pembrokeshire coalfield, 319.

Greenwoodoconcha, characters of the
new genus, 525,

Gurney, R., on Thersitina gaster-
ostei, 415.

Gymnodactylus, new species of, 563.

Hadena, new species of, 592.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new species
of Pyralide, 1, 299; on new
genera and species of Noctuide,
580.

Haphsa, new species of, 559.

Haplochilus, new species of, 566.

Haplothrips, new species of, 296.

Haplotrinchus, new species of, 182.

Hawkins, H. L., on an abnormality
in Echinus esculentus, 73.

Heliothrips, new species of, 291.

Hemiancistrus, new species of, 46Y.

Hemimeryx, new species of, 517.

Hemiscelus, characters of the new
genus, 259.

Hendrikia, characters of the new
subgenus, 436.

Hermellide, on the British, 169.

Hetzrius, new species of, 85.
Heteroptera, new, 283, 556.
Hexagenia, new species of, 276.
Hickling, Dr. G., on the variation of
Planorbis multiformis, 243.

Himatium, new species of, 189.

Hinton, M. A. C., on three new
voles from the Inner Hebrides,
361; on the voles of the orcadensis
group, 452.

Hipposideros, new species of, 88, 205.

Hlister, new species of, 81, 356.

Holotrochus, new species of, 325.

Homoptera, new, 76, 285, 485, 557.

Hooley, R. W., on the skeleton of
Ormthodesmus latidens, 239.

Hoplandcthrips, new species of, 297,

Hymenoptera, new, 94, 103, 368,
491, 505.

Hyorrhynchus, new species of, 446,

Hyotherium, new species of, 521.

Hypanthidium, new species of, 105.

Hyphessobrycon, new species of, 465.

Hyssia, new species of, 594.

Innes, D. E., on the internal structure
of Upper Silurian rugose corals,
601.

Inthaxara, characters of the new
genus, 097.

Toba, new species of, 76.

Ivedaleoconcha, characters of the
new genus, 530.

Jukes-Browne, A. J., on a new
species of Clementia, 58; on the
shells known as Gemma, Para-
starte, and Psephidia, 473.

Kobonga, new species of, 490.

Leelia, new species of, 64.

Lepidoptera, new, 1, 62, 299, 580,

Leptognathus, new species of, 72.

Leptopsaltria, new species of, 558,

Leucania, new species of, 601.

Lewis, G., on new species of His-
teride, 81, 351.

Lima bullifera, note on, 412.

Lineodes, new species of, 306.

Lionycteris, characters of the new
genus, 270.

Lispinus, new species of, 321.

Loricariichthys, new species of, 281.

Lycophotia, new species of, 587.

Lygosoma, new species of, 565,

M‘Intosh, Prof., on two killers
stranded at St. Andrews, 153; on
the British Ammocharide, 161 ;
on Myriochele heeri from the

606

Gulf of St. Lawrence, 166; on
the British Hermellide, 169.

Macrocera, new species of, 200.

Macropus, new subspecies of, 288.

Mallophaga, on the crop in the,
266.

Mammals, new, 88, 110, 205, 212,

270, 288, 358, 361, 376, 587, 457,

481, 514, 567, 574.

Mangilia, new species of, 234.

March, Miss M. C., on the structure

and relationships of the Carboni-

cole, 244.

Marmosa, new species of, 573.

Marr, Dr. J. E., on the lower
paleeozoic rocks of the Cautley
district, 146.

Marshall, G. A. K., on new Indian
Curculionide, 184.

Mathewsoconcha, characters of the
new genus, 528.

Meade-Waldo, G., on the Apidze in
the British Museum, 92; on new
species of Apidee, 491.

Medon, new species of, 344.

Megachile, new species of, 103, 368,
493.

Megalops, new species of, 326.

Meimuna, new species of, 560.

Melampsalta, new species of, 489.

Melanopsis, new species of, 486.

Melanostoma, new species of, 498.

Melolontiha, new species of, 400.

Mesalia, new species of, 236.

Mesonychium, synopsis of the species
of, 94.

Metasia, new species of, 2.

Micragrotis, new species of, 581.

Micranops, characters of the new
genus, 350.

Microbunodon, new species of, 519.

Microtus, new subspecies of, 364.

orcadensis, notes on, 452.

Miselia, new species of, 591.

Mitra, new species of, 256,

Mollusca, new, 53, 288, 409, 452,

522.

Monista, new species of, 339.

Morum ponderosum, note on, 411.

Moussonia, new species of, 439.

Munza, new species of, 77.

Mustela, new species of, 91.

Mycetophilide, on the synonymy of
the, 55.

Myllocerus, new species of, 184.

Myoprocta, new species of, 111.

INDEX.

Myriochele heeri from the Gulf of
St. Lawrence, on, 166,
Myxine capensis, note on, 229,
Namacus, new species of, 556.
Nannorhamdia, characters of the new
genus, 467.
Nectomys, new species of, 570.
Nectophryne, new species of, 70.
Neohoplolomia, characters of the
new genus, 284.
Neopsylla, new species of, 540.
Niponius, new species of, 352.
Noctuelia, new species of, 299.
Nomada, new species of, 98.
Nomia, new species of, 505.
Norfoleioconcha, characters of
new genus, 59d.
Odontestra, new species of, 591.
Opeas, new species of, 435.
Ophiomedon, new species of, 344.
Orca gladiator, ou two specimens of,
stranded at St. Andrews, 153.
Oryzomys, new species of, 571.
Osorius, new species of, 326.
Owenia fusiformis, note on, 161.
Pachycrerus, new species of, 83.
Pachyprosopis, new species of, 515.
Paguma, new subspecies of, 289.
Paleodes, characters of the new
genus, 318.
Palaina, new species of, 438, 537.
Palaminus, new species of, 531.
Paracolletes, new species of, 374.
Paragudanga, characters of the new
genus, 488.
Paralaoma, new species of, 534.
Parastarte, note on the genus, 475.
Paratalanta, new species of, 22.
Paratilapia, new species of, 483.
Parnkalla, new species of, 487.
Pectinosoma, characters of the new
genus, 430,
Pelmatochromis, new species of, 69,
484.
Peratodonta, new species of, 63.
Percomorphi, on the classification of -
the, 111.
Persectania, new species of, 598.
Pezomyia, characters of the new
genus, 501.
Phallostethus, characters of the new
genus, 548.
Phascogale, new subspecies of, 211.
Philander, new subspecies of, 573.
laniger, on the geographical
races of, 558,

the

INDEX.

Phronia, note on the genus, 55.

Physothrips, new species of, 292.

Pimelodella, new species of, 466,

Pinophilus, new species of, 330.

Pionea, new species of, 6,

Pittoconcha, characters of the new
genus, 531,

Platylomia, new species of, 559,

Platypleura, new species of, 77.

Platypus, new species of, 447.

Platyraphe, new species of, 437.

Plecostomus, new species of, 555.

Pocock, R. I., on a new species of
Agouti, 110,

Polydesmus coriaceus, new variety
of, 439,

Popillia, new species of, 58.

Preston, H. B., on new mollusca
from Beilan-Beilan, 432; on new
molluscafrom Norfolk Island, 522.

Pringle, J., on two deep borings at
Calvert Station, 151.

Protetia, new species of, 404.

Pselliophora, new species of, 202.

Psephidia, note on the genus, 477.

Pseudopimelodus, new species of,
467.

Pycna, new species of, 285, 485.

Pygidium, new species of, 468,

Pyzopus, new species of, 564.

Pyrausta, new species of, 25.

Quintalia, characters of the new
genus, 527.

Rees, Miss O. M., on Actinostola
callosa, 382.

Regan, C. T., on the classification of
the percoid fishes, 111; note on
Myxine capensis, 229; on fishes
from Peru, 278, 281; on the fishes
of the San Juan River, 462; on a
new cyprinodont tish, 548; on
a new loricariid fish from Riv
Janeiro, 555,

Reptiles, new, 72, 563.

Retithrips, new species of, 290.

Rhamdia, new species of, 281.

Rhinopoma, new subspecies of, 89.

Rhogeesa, new species of, 569.

Rhynchotragus, new subspecies of,
481.

Ridewood, Dr. W. G., on the S.-
American freshwater flying-fish
and the common flying-fish, 544.

Rothschild, Hon. N. C., on new
Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia,
538,

607

Rothschild, Hon. W., on some new
forms of antelope, 574.

Roybellia, characters of the new
genus, 526,

Sabellaria, notes on species of, 169.
Salfeld, Dr. H., on certain Upper
Jurassic strata of England, 602.

Saliunca, new species of, 67.

Salvazana, characters of the new
genus, 286,

Sampson, Lt.-Col. W., on new
Ipidze and Platypodide from India
and Burma, 443.

Saprinus, new species of, 37.

Schausia, new species of, 66.

Schwarz, E., on a kangaroo and a
new palm-civet, 288.

Scopzeus, new species of, 346.

Selbie, C. M., on a new variety of
Polydesmus coriaceus and on a
centipede monstrosity, 439.

Sericania, new species of, 397,

Setenis, new species of, 57.

Siphonaptera, on new Asiatic, 538.

Smith, i. A., on marine shells from
Henderson Island, 409.

Smith, Dr. G. E., on a paleolithic
human skull from Piltdown, 149,

Smith, 8. on the genus Aulo-
phyllum, 146.

Sowerby, G. B., on new species of
mollusea, 233.

Spath, L. F., on jurassic ammonites
from Jebel Zaghuan, 241.

Stamnoderus, new species of, 333.

Staphylinide, new, from the West
Indies, 321,

Stauropus, new species of, 62.

Stenomys, new species of, 206.

Stenoptycha, new species of, 302.

Stenus, new species of, 329.

Stewart, Miss D. A., on the extra-
antarctic amphipoda collected by
the ‘ Discovery,’ 245, :

Stigmatogaster subterraneus, note
on a monstrosity of, 440,

Stilicopsis, new species of, 332.

Stilicus, new species of, 340.

Succinea, new species of, 536.

Synodontis, new species of, 69.

Taurotragus, new subspecies of
575.

Tegostoma, new species of, 299.

Tellina, new species of, 237.

ptaucnastac hie) new species of,

60S

Thaumastotherium, characters of the
new genus, 376.

Thaumatosoma, new species of, 491.

Thersitina gasterostel, remarks on,
415.

Thinobius, new species of, 324.

Thinecharis, new species of, 342.

Thomas, H. H., on the flora of the
Marske quarry, 150.

Thomas, O., on new fer from Asia
and Africa, 88; on new mammals
from Dutch New Guinea, 205; on
new species of Uromys, 212; ona
new genus of glossophagine bat,
270; on the geographical race of
the woolly opossum, 358; on a
new species of dwarf potto, 387 ;
on new mammals from S. America,
567.

Thompson, B., on the geology of
Northern Peru, 242.

Thompson, C., on the derived
cephalopoda of the Holderness
drift, 151.

Thomson, Dr. J.S., on the coloration
of Echinus angulosus, 190.

Thoracophorus, new species of, 323.

Thrips, new species of, 294.

Thysanoptera, new, 290.

INDEX.

Tilapia, new species of, 482.
Ti nora, new species of, 581.
Tinamus, synopsis of the genus,
Dili.
Tomaspis, new species of, 563.
Tornatellina, new species of, 536.
Trentepohlia, new species of, 204.
Trichophotia, characters of the new
genus, 536.
Trichothrips, new species of, 298.
Tritonidea, new species of, 414.
Trogophlceus, new species of, 323.
Trypanzus, new species of, 354.
Uromys, new species of, 208, 212.
Valgus, notes on species of, 407.
Vibilia, new species of, 248.

Waterhouse, C. O., on coleoptera of

the family Buprestide, 181.

Watson, D. M. S8., on the skull &c.
of Diademodon, 217.

W ilhelminaia, characters of the new
genus, 454.

Woodward, Dr. A. S., on a palieo-
lithic human skull from Piltdown,
147.

Xenurocharax, characters of the new
genus, 463.

Xyleborus, new species of, 443.

Xyloterus, new species of, 445.

END OF THE TWELFTH VOLUME.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STRERT.

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