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THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND
CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY’)
CONDUCTED BY
WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,
ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A., Se.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S.,
AND
RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S.
eee
VOL. IV.—NINTH SERIES.
LONDON:
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS.
SOLD BY BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN,
1919,
«Omnes res creatz sunt divine sapientiz et potentiz testes, divitie felicitatis
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"ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renoyatione, potentia majestatis
elucet. Earum itaque_indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper xstimata;
& veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper
inimica fuit.?—Linymus.
**Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour
voir qu’elle est le chef-@’euvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-
tent toutes ses opérations,”’—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,
1767.
sills «se» ee » s Lhe sylvan powers
Obey our summons; from their deepest dells
The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild
And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs
That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme
And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,
But scatter round ten thousand forms minute
Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock
Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too
Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face
They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush
That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,
Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,
The burnmg sands of Borneo and Cayenne,
All, all to us unlock their secret stores
And pay their cheerful tribute.
J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.
gra ALERE & FLAMMAM.
CONTENTS OF VOL, IV.
[NINTH SERIES. }
NUMBER 19.
Page
I. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—iil. By H. E. ANpRewss.... 1
II. The Myth of the Ship-holder: a Postscript. By E. W.
GupcGer, American Museum of Natural History, New York City.. 17
III. Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. By
Reese EE a ERO Wey CE1ALO T,\ 2 5 5 sfeis vies! vais vets doe nie eb vs a2 0 21
IV. On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo, Mozam-
bigness iy OEDFINED [THOMAS qo 5schecsncc sec ecceseecesseaes 29
V. A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone. By G. A.
ASTIN Dir oS Ee 7 en 34
VI. Notes on the Jchnewmonide in the British Museum.—l1.
By owiesnin HE PORNER, BIZ... BBG. occas cceessceeegeeeces 36
VIL. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — XXXVIII. On new
Hthiopian Species. By Rowzanp EK, Turner, F.ZS., F.E.S. .... 44
5)
Proceedings of the Geological Society..............c cence eens
iV CONTENTS.
NUMBER 20.
Page
VIII. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram-
bine and Sigine. By Sir GEorGE F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. 53
IX. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.n—XXXIX. New Sphecoidea
collected in Palestine by Major E. E. Austen. By Rowxanp E.
PORE, TE LiSig hia sa atheist eile iene © Ret Pen aia ei 69
X. Descriptions of new Species and Genera of the Heteropterous
Family Reduviide from British India. By W. L. Distant ...... 71
XI. On the Discovery of Two Species of Brachycheteumide, a
Minor Group of Millipedes peculiar to the British Isles. By
RiICWARD DS. DAGNALL, LW G sys chs on ae he kee aeb he teas ene 79
XII. New Species and Genera of Nymphalidae, Syntomide, and
Sphingide in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kayr, F.E.S. .... 84
XIII. A new Species of the Nematode Genus Crossocephalus from
the Rhinovercs, “By HLA’ Bazaars, MAsi is ois la 0 alae mate oteleds 94
XIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXXVI. By T.D. A.
CockERELL, University of Colorado ....... ese ee eeees hide ax 21 eS
NUMBER 21.
XV. Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by Mr. G. E.
Bryant and others. By Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson, F.E.S. ........ 105
XVI. On acurious Malformation in Tenia saginata. By H. A,
BAYLIS, MAS iicdcd cies tee so eietele es setae ielole ie ie ater aes ete eens eee 114
XVII. Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. By Colonel C.
SWINHOE, MA, EL IS.; 000.0 se ania tee seen ceeee Sey ehe 118
XVIII. A new Species of Euneomys from Patagonia. By Oxp-
FIELD THOMAS 4.4 sus pee wins 6 ot alee ole in im otevalr oc hts wie eacneee 127
CONTENTS. ¥
Page
XIX. List of Mammals from the Highlands of Jujuy, North
Argentina, collected by Sr. E. Budin. By OtpFre.p THomas.... 128
XX. Two apparently undescribed Species of Cicadide from
Mrapical- Africa: eb Wels DISTANT. . 0.) o os occ et es ee 136
XXI. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram-
bine and Sigine. By Sir GrorcE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. 187
XXII. Two new Rodents from Tartagal, Salta, N. Argentina,
Ree SUPE ISEE DEO MEE gtasWlyin'a's Psi -spsi cio od dv 4 haa ewes cole ecg 154.
NUMBER 22,
XXII. Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, Fab.
(sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual Characters. By
eR OTAMELON BA. ay a Saas n ata auelsta odes «cused ce wale a Sais 157
XXIV. A Contribution to the Study of South Indian Arach-
nolory. By W. Rak Suerrtrrs, M.A., D.Sc., formerly Professor
of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Madras, (Plates II-VI.) .. 220
XXYV. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—X. By Ricuarp
Sree AEE re EMSC oor artge wily cavities a eR a here be vb cae fips 253
XXVI. New Species and Forms in the Joicey Collection. By
Le GIRLS: Lonel POLIS SSG aR cB Ae Sai Se aCe eae en er ara 277
XXVII. Notes on the Genus Cricetomys, with Descriptions of
' Four new Forms. By Martin A. C. HInTON..............062. 282
XXVIII. The Method of taking the Incisive Index in Rodents.
EOE UMEEE Dy PHOMABIC, face dcn ce anne ce evi ee ie se oat eecaes ee 289
XXIX. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—IlIl. By H. E. An-
DREWES Die Gee AAG) Se) #) Ae. ee) OS. oe se) ee 8) 8)'8 6 0 1 6 6 8.8 S| Bo ae.8 sie ef Bes Ca 290
XXX. New Forms of South-American Birds. By CHar Es
Cuuss, F.Z.S., M.B.0.U., Zoological Department, British Museum
(Natural History) O06, 0 8.0 8 0 0.9 Spe eae 5 6 ewe OLE Sel k es) 6 em 8 6 6 8 6 6S Oe G eee 301
at CONTENTS.
NUMBER 28.
Page
XXXL Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Grorge F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.5.,
Bre... ve digi a wohl ei Ta Dede ah Davee be ALE. WB Daan la eee der le 305
XXXIL New Bryozoa from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. By
Henprik Bexxer, Cand. Geol., University of Tartu (Dorpat).
(Plate VIL)... . cess scr erences eneescauecersguaenansionssens 327
XXXIII. Diagnose de Genres nouveaux de Sarcoptides plumi-
coles (Analgesing). Par E.-L. Trounssanrt, Professeur au Muséum
National de Paris isis ait iayeis Oego S okie tals» © Saisie sw vip ee eae ae 336
XXXIV. On the Genus Aorus, Schh, (Coleoptera, Curculionide).
By Guy A. K. MarsHaLt, D.Sc. .....e eee ee eee eens ows Cabatere 338
XXXV. Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, a little-
known Nematode Parasite of the Hyrax. By H. A. Bayuis, M.A. 3843
XXXVI. The Types of the Mammals described by M. Fernand
Lataste. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ....eeee ese eeee secre reeeees » 300
XXXVII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXVII. By
T1), A. Cockere ., University of Colorado’ .2..5.75..78-- sen 350
XXXVIII. Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyrvs,
Fab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual Characters:
Supplementary. By G. C, CHampion, F.Z.S. woe cece eee eee 360
NUMBER 24.
XXXIX. On Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma from Deep-sea
Telegraph-Cables. By W. T. Carman; D.Sc. ....... cece eee eeee 361
XL. On Five new Mammals from Java. By Herrseurr C,
ROBINSON and C.. BODEN KLO88...... 00. cece vaueeecnersaveens 374
CONTENTS. vil
Page
XLI. Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera and Descriptions of a few new
Species in the British Museum. By GitBert J. Arrow, F.Z.S.,
bees, 5 Cr late: V WEB errno slwsls « «2,2 pee ke tie oko “Spc c athe
XLII, On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis de
Salvaza.—III. By Rowxianp E. Turner, E.ZS., FES. ........ 385
XLUI. A List of the Myriapoda of Ulster. By Nevin H.
ae ir WE, Pu WA Soe iss a a idtraheveeie ies ce shes Sele) sates 895
XLIV. New Hispine. By S. Mauttk, Professor of Zoology in
Pee Ee VeraIEY Of CBICMEDAY do's, v2 feds feels uss cacces et hk wee 407
New Books:—Studies on Acarii—No. 1. The Genus Demoder,
Over. Li CAMB MMERSE Tee sor 2i4 ANS «ale oc whe ecw ecu 411
Report on Cetacea stranded on the British Coasts during 1918.
Lyell tot caal eal S O00) Al le: rr rs 412
Lidex Oe @. Olan wiel era «sue 2) 1¢ Coo eeoreroee @reses ove eOseeeseerores Si sene ® 413
ne
vite
PLATES IN VOL. IV.
- PuaTE I, Melolonthine Coleoptera,
ii, ]
TT; ‘
IV. South PM arto spiders.
v. |
VI.)
VII. Ordovician Bryozoa from Esthonia.
VIL. Ruteline Coleoptera.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[NINTH SERLES.]
Se lace vounsecsesdns> per litora spargite muscum,
Naiades, et circtim vitreos considite fontes :
Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:
Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.
-At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;
Ite, recuryato variata corallia trunco
Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas
Ferte, Dew pelagi, et pingui conehylia succo.”
i N. Parthenti Giannettasi, Eel. 1.
No.-19. JULY 1919.-
I.—Papers on Oriental Carabide.—II.
By H. E. ANDREWES.
IN this paper I am describing some new species of Chlenius,
all of them either from India or from adjoining countries, and
giving a few notes on old ones, It is now more than forty
years since Chaudoir published (Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. 1876)
his Monograph on this genus and its allies, and since then a
large number of new species have been described, chiefly—as
far as Oriental species go—by H. W. Bates. A general
revision is much to be desired, especially in view of certain
defects in the synoptic table preceding the Monograph, viz. :—
(1) Chaudoir broke up the genus into groups, not into species
(although some of the groups contain only a single species).
(2) The table, on its second page, goes quite to picces ; the
signs used do not properly correspond, and this section is
therefore of little use. I hope at some future date to tabulate
the Eastern species, but there are as yet too many of them of
which I have not seen examples. In the following descrip-
tions the extreme measurements of the specimens examined
are given after the name; any measurements given in thie
course of the description are those of the type-specimen.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 1
2 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.
Chlentus (Homalolachnus) sexguttatus, 3.
Length 14 mm.; width 5°5 mm.
Black. Clypeus blue-green, head dark copper-red with
metallic green margins; prothorax. black, with faint blue
and green reflections round front angles; elytra blue-black ;
labrum, front of front femora, outer margin of front and inter=
mediate tibize, and three spots on each elytron flavous ; first
three joints of antenne and apex of palpi reddish. Upper
surface of prothorax and elytra with a short yellowish
pubescence.
Head small, convex, labrum and clypeus smooth, frontal
foveze obsolete, a punctiform impression on each side of front
adjoining clypeus ; surface irregularly punctate, more coarsely
behind, some fine punctures mingled with the larger ones ;
eyes moderately prominent.
Prothorax convex, narrow, very nearly as long as wide,
nearly half as wide again as head, sides uniformly rounded, a
little more contracted in front than behind, angles obtuse and
rounded, a seta on margin at a fifth from base; median line
deep, not reaching extremities, other impressions obsolete ;
surface very coarsely and confluently punctate.
Elytra elongate-ovate, half as wide again as prothorax, and
nearly three times as long, punctate-striate, intervals mode-
rately convex, each with two series of umbilicate punctures,
surface dull; front spot very small, elongate, adjoining
shoulder, intermediate spot larger, triangular, extending over
intervals 4-9 and tapering inwards, hind spot at a fifth from
apex, irregularly rounded, extending over same intervals,
Underside shiny, slightly iridescent, coarsely but not
closely punctate, ventral surface smooth in middle, finely and
sparsely punctate at sides; prosternal process not margined
at apex, pilose, metepisterna as long as wide; upper surface
of tarsi sparsely pilose.
The species resembles C. panagewoides, Chaud., and is about
the same size. The eyes are more prominent, prothorax
narrower, more convex, more contracted behind, and with a
deeper median line. The presence of a shoulder-spot on the
elytra at once distinguishes the new species ; the other spots
are rather smaller and extend inwards to stria 3 only, whereas
in C. panageoides they extend to stria 2 and sometimes to
stria 1.
Upper Burma, Maymyo, May 1910 (4. L. Andrewes).
The type, a single g specimen, is in my collection.
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 3
Chlenius djatna, Maindr., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 251.
This species was described by Maindron from a 9 example
taken by him at Karachi and two examples taken by Cardon
in Chota Nagpur. Mr. Guy Babault has kindly sent me one
of the latter, which also proves to bea ?. I have compared
this with a specimen in the Pusa Collection from Chapra,
Bengal (Mackenzie), which is evidently a 3 of the same
species,
Maindron quite rightly put it in the neighbourhood of
C. orbicollis, Chaud. In dealing in his Monograph with this
little group, for which he retained Laferté’s name of Ocybatus,
Chaudoir (p. 37) describes the palpi, which are of unusual
form ; he only knew the g, however, in one species, viz.,
C. deyrollet, Laf. The g palpi in C. djaina I find to be
exactly as described by Chaudoir, but in the ? the apical
joint of the labials is quite half as long again as wide.
Maindron says that the pubescence is “rare,” but in the
example from Chota Nagpur it has evidently been rubbed
off; in the Chapra example it is camparatively dense and
quite well marked on the prothorax.
Chlentus kanare, 8 2.
Length 14 mm. ; width 5 mm.
Black. ead metallic green, prothorax dull copper-red on
disk, greenish at sides, blue at extreme margin, elytra eeneous-
black, interval 9 faintly blue; femora, tibiz, and base of
antenng testaceous; rest of antenne, labrum, palpi (tips
lighter), trochanters, and tarsi reddish ; a yellowish apical
spot on each elytron. Prothorax and elytra finely pubescent.
{lead small, very finely rugose, with a few small punctures ;
eyes prominent, antenne slender, joint 3 almost glabrous,
very slightly shorter than 4,
Prothorax convex, half as wide again as head, length to
width as 3 to 4, more narrowed in front than behind, widest
behind middle, sides rather explanate, hind angles obtuse
and rounded, surface coarsely punctate, more sparsel y towards
front angles.
Klytra nearly parallel, one-fourth as wide again as pro-=
thorax, and three times as long ; border rounded at shoulder,
punctate-striate, intervals flat, finely aciculate ; yellow spot
near apex from middle of interval 3 to stria 9, the colour
extending a little forward on intervals 5 and 6 and backwards
on 6-8,
Underside shiny, iridescent, prosternal process bordered
if
4 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.
at apex, pro-episterna moderately punctate on inner side,
metepisterna longer than wide, moderately punctate, with a
groove near outer margin. Front femora (¢) without trace of
tooth ; tarsi glabrous on upper surface.
Closely allied to C. neelgheriensis, Guér., but differing in
the absence of a tooth on the front femora (g); antennee
more slender, prothorax wider, more coarsely punctate, the
punctures more uniformly distributed on disk, not so closely
crowded together at base, both pro- and metepisterna with
more numerous punctures.
Bombay, North Kanara (7. R. D. Bell), 2 6 8,1 ¢.
Type (3) in my collection.
Chlenius multicolor, 3.
_ Length 15 mm.; width 6 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, the latter with
some. faint copper-red colour along median line, and blue
reflections at margin, elytra purple-blue; legs, antenne,
palpi,.and mouth-parts reddish. Prothorax and elytra
covered, but not closely, with a grey pubescence.
Head moderately convex, faintly rugose, a few coarse
punctures on sides and vertex, neck closely, finely, and con-
fluently punctate ; eyes prominent, joint 3 of antenne a third
as long again as 4, labrum small, truncate.
~ Prothorax declivous towards front angles, rather flat
behind, not quite twice as wide as head, length to width as
4 to 5, extremities truncate, but sides of base curve towards
hind angles; contracted towards apex, which is much
narrower than base, sides with a very fine border, margin
explanate, rather widely so towards hind angles, which are
obtuse and rounded; median line very fine, not reaching
extremities, basal foveze short but fairly deep, not reaching
base, surface coarsely and irregularly punctate. .
Elytra moderately shiny, elongate-ovate, base bisinuate,
border forming an obtuse angle at shoulder, faintly sinuate
near apex ; punctate-striate, intervals flat, rather coarsely
punctate, more sparsely on disk, very closely at sides.
Underside shiny and iridescent, prosternum moderately
punctate, pro-episterna with only one or two stray punctures,
prosternal process irregularly depressed but not bordered,
metasternum and metepisterna coarsely punctate, the latter
much longer than wide, with an external groove, ventral
surface finely and sparsely punctate at sides. Front femora
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabida. 5
(3) without tooth; upper surface of tarsi very sparsely
pilose, ; i
I know of no other species with which to compare this.
According to Chaudoi’s table it would come near C, abstersus,
Bates, from which it is widely different.
Bombay, Belgaum.
The type (3), a unique specimen, is in:my collection. I
find from my notes that I took it in July 1886.
— Chlenius chapanus, 3 2.
Length 13-14 mm. ; width 4:25-4°75 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, side-margins
of latter dark green-blue ; legs, antenna, and palpi dark red ;
- apex of palpi and an apical spot on each elytron red-yellow.
Head (2°25 mm. wide) shiny, convex, closely and finely
punctate, the punctures of varying sizes, vertex smoother,
finely rugose ; eyes moderately prominent, palpi slender but
short, Joint 3 of antennz practically glabrous, hardly longer
than 4.
Prothorax transverse (3x 2°75 mm.), subcordate, rather
flat, truncate at extremities, sides gently rounded, slightly
sinuate before hind angles, which are about right, though
rounded, border very fine, reflexed near hind angles; median
line fine, not reaching extremities, basal fovez elongate,
fairly deep, surface moderately shiny, closely, more or less
confluently, but not very coarsely punctate, more sparsely
on disk at each side of median line, pubescence rather long
though not obvious.
Elytra (about 8-5 mm. long) elongate, nearly parallel,
border rounded at shoulders, rather strongly sinuate before
apex, punctulate-striate, intervals flat, the whole surface very
finely aciculate-punctate, the punctures transversely confluent,
covered with a rather long though not dense yellowish pubes-
cence ; the yellowish spot at a fourth from apex, irregularly
transverse, covering strize 3-8. .
Underside sparsely punctate, nearly glabrous, prosternal
process bordered, metepisterna elongate, with a groove along
outer margin, along with metasternum, and sides of ventral
surface at base coarsely but not closely punctate. Fiont
femora (¢) without tooth ; tarsi pubescent on upper surface,
joints 1-3 of front tarsi ( ¢) strongly dilated.
Allied to C. tetragonoderus, Chaud.; eyes less prominent,
antennze much longer, prothorax narrower, much more con-
tracted behind, moe coarsely and closely punctate, elytra—
6 Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabides.
owing to the fine and transversely confluent puncturation—
more opaque.
Tonkin, Chapa, May 1916 (R. Vitalis de Salvaza),4 3 3,
1
The type is in the British Museum.
Chlenius vitalist, 3 3.
Length 12-14 mm. ; width 4°25-5 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, elytra green,
darker (sometimes with faint purplish tinge) on disk; legs,
first three joints of antennze (rest brown), and apex of elytra
flavous; palpi, margin and epipleure of elytra, margin and
apex of ventral surface yellow-red.
Head (2°5 mm. wide) shiny, convex, minutely rugose, with
a few small scattered punctures, eyes prominent, antenne
long, joint 3 sparsely pilose, half as long again as 4, palpi
slender.
Prothorax transverse (3x 2°75 mm.) moderately shiny,
subconvex, truncate in front, base emarginate, widest before
middle, sides rounded in front, slightly sinuate behind, hind
angles a little obtuse and rounded, side-border very fine;
median line fine, basal foveee deep, curving behind towards
hind angles, surface very finely vermiculate-striate, more
densely near both front and hind angles, sparsely covered
with punctures of moderate size, basal area with some finer
punctures as well, middle of base longitudinally striate.
Elytra. subconvex and subopaque, nearly three times as
long as prothorax, widest a little behind middle, border
obtusely angled at shoulder, hardly sinuate towards apex,
punctulate-striate, with a row of minute setiferous punctures
(visible only when magnified) on each side of the striz,
intervals 8 and 9, and the apical area more visibly punctate
and pubescent, border dark red for first two-fifths, interval 9
also for next two-fifths, apex widely flavous, with irregular
front margin (as in C. nops, Chaud.).
Underside shiny, proepisterna smooth, sides of metasternum
and episterna with a few scattered punctures, prosternal
process unbordered, shortly pilose. Front femora without
tooth, upper surface of tarsi very sparsely punctate, with a
few minute sete.
Very closely allied to C. marginifer, Chaud., but differing
in the very fine rugosity of both head and prothorax, the
latter wider and more contracted behind, surface of elytra less
finely shagreened. In C. marginifer strie 8 and Y and the
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 7
apex are impunctate, the yellow border extends from shoulder
to suture and is hardly wider at apex.
Laos: Vientiane, vi—vii. 1915; Tourakom, vii. 1915;
Pak Lane, i. 1918; Ban Nam Mo, iii. 1918 (2. Vitalis de
Salvaza), 8 ex., d 2.
Type in the British Museum.
Chlentus tudicus, 3 ¢.
Length 12°5 mm. ; width 4°5 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, disk of latter
faintly suffused with copper-red, elytra brown-black on disk
as far on‘each side as stria 5, green at sides (in the two
Kanarese specimens the prothorax and sides of the elytra are
blue-green) ; legs, antenne, palpi, epipleuree of elytra, and
margin of ventral surface testaceous red; labrum and border
of elytra red-brown.
Head smooth, shiny, faintly strigose near eyes, with a few
small punctures. at sides ; eyes prominent, antenne and palpi
slender, former with joint 3 hardly longer than 4.
Prothorax quadrate, a third as wide again as head, only a
little wider than long, more contracted in front than behind,
widest rather before middle, sides narrowly bordered, faintly
sinuate before hind angles, which are obtuse though very
little rounded, the sides of the base advancing towards them ;
median line fine, not nearly reaching extremities, basal fovez
rounded and deep, surface shiny, convex at sides, covered
with few but coarse setiferous punctures, irregularly disposed.
Elytra elongate-oval, a third as wide again as prothorax
and nearly three times as long, border with an angle at
shoulder, punctate-striate, intervals rather flat, the whole
surface finely aciculate-punctate and pubescent, the punctura-
tion rather closer at sides.
Underside shiny and nearly smooth, metasternum and
episterna moderately punctate, sides of ventral surface sparsely
punctate and pubescent, prosternal process faintly bordered
at apex, with a few sete. Upper surface of tarsi glabrous ;
first three joints of front tarsi (g¢) rather longer than wide.
The species belongs to the C. chalcothoraz, Wied., group,
and seems most nearly allied to C. privatus, Bates, of which
I have seen noexample. The last-named species comes from
Burma and is a much larger insect ; it differs also to some
extent in colour and has the head coarsely punctate. The
eoloration of the elytra in C. tudicus (except for the reddish
border) is as in C. chalcothorax, but the prothorax is more
§ Mr. H. FE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.
coarsely-and sparsely punctate, and the sinuation of the sides
before the hind angles, though slight, is more evident.
Bombay, Belgaum, 6 ex. ¢ ? ; I took these at the end of
May 1886 on the banks of a small pool near the village
of ‘Cudia. Bombay, North Kanara (7. 2. D. Bell), 2 ex., 3.
The type is in my collection.
Chlenius apollo.
Length 12°0-14°5 mm.; width 4°75-5°5 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax blue-green, latter usually blue
at margins and green on disk, elytra dark blue; femora
flavous, rest of legs, antenne, palpi, and mouth-parts reddish.
Head (2°5 mm. wide) convex, uniformly and very finely
punctate, frontal fovez punctiform, eyes flat, joint 3 of
-antennze sparsely pilose, half as long again as 4, palpi
slender.
Prothorax rather flat, quadrate, as long as wide (3°5 mm.),
broadly emarginate at both extremities and not much con-
tracted, a little narrower in front than behind, sides very
gently rounded, with a narrow reflexed border, hind angles
rounded but well marked, sides of base advancing towards
them; median line fine, transverse impressions moderate,
basal fovese elongate, deep, curving backwards towards hind
angles, surface glabrous and shiny, minutely punctulate, with
some larger scattered punctures (almost wanting in the type),
base longitudinally striate.
Elytra rather short, ovate, wider in @ than in g, not
more than twice as long as prothorax, border sharply angled
at shoulder, gradually increasing in width up to three-fifths
from base, rounded at apex; punctulate-striate, with a row
-of faintly indicated setiferous punctures on each side of the
striz, the setee minute, an umbilicate pore near base of stria 1,
intervals moderately convex, surface dull, interval 8 more
evidently punctate.
Underside almost smooth and glabrous, metasternum, its
episterna, and sides of ventral surface at base faintly punc-
tate, prosternal process bordered at apex, metepisterna as long
as wide. Dilated joints of front tarsi (¢) rather longer than
wide, glabrous on upper surface.
Allied to C. quadricolor, but front tarsi (¢) with rather
narrower joints and metepisterna no longer than wide. The
very flat eyes, uniformly punctate head, nearly square pro-
thorax, and short wide elytra distinguish this species from
most other members of the group.
Nilgiri Hills, 6000’ (27. L. Andrewes, 4 ex., A. K. Weld
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental.Carabidee. i)
Downing, 5 ex., T. V. Campbell, 1 ex.). Mr. Downing’s
specimens were taken at Hulikal; Dr. Campbell’s specimen
is in Mr. KE. A. Butler’s collection.
British Museum, 3 ex., labelled respectively ‘‘ India,”
8. India,” and“ Nilgiris.” —. ;
The type (¢) is in my collection.
Chlenius nilgiricus, 3 ¢.
Length 16°0 mm.; width 6:0 mm.
Black ; head dark green, prothorax green on disk, darker
(blue, purple, or blackish) on margin, elytra blue-black ;
femora, upperside of front tibiz, and first joint of antennez
flavous, rest of legs and antennz and mouth-parts dark red.
Head (3:0 mm. wide), including clypeus, finely punctate,
longitudinally striate near eyes, which are only moderately
prominent, joint 3 of antennze sparsely pilose, about one-
third as long again as 4.
Prothorax flat, quadrate, as long as wide (4°25 mm.), a
little emarginate at extremities, about equally and very little
contracted before and behind, sides very gently rounded,
angles distinct but rounded; median line fine, transverse
impressions visible in middle only, basal foveze short but
deep, parallel, not reaching base, but merging in a depressed
area adjoining basal angles ; surface shiny, minutely punctu-
late, uniformly but sparsely covered with larger (though still
small) punctures, minutely striate along both basal and apical
margins.
Elytra ovate, moderately convex, more than twice as long
as prothorax, widest just behind middle, border angled at
shoulder, punctulate-striate, with a well-marked row of
setiferous punctures along each side of the striz, intervals
only moderately convex, the pubescence hardly noticeable. __
Underside shiny, prosternum rugose at sides, process very
finely bordered at apex, episterna with some punctures on
inner side, sides of metasternum and the episterna rather
coarsely, sides of ventral surface more finely and sparsely
punctate, metepisterna rather longer than wide; tarsi glabrous
on upper surface.
In the puncturation of the head and the form of the
prothorax the species resembles C. apollo, but the insect is
a larger one, the eyes are more prominent, the prothorax a
little less sparsely punctate, the form of the basal foveze
different, the elytra longer, narrower, less convex, and with
a longer scutellary striole. Compared with the better-known
C. quadricolor, the head is larger and much more closely
10 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae.
punctate, prothorax equally contracted at extremities, flatter,
surface more finely punctate, elytra rather similar, but the
punctures on each side of the striss are smaller, closer together,
and more distinct.
Nilgiri Hills, 3000’, Nov. 1910 (H. L. Andrewes), 2 ex.,
3 253 Coimbatore, 4. ii. 1913 (7. B. Fletcher), 1 ex., Agric.
Coll. and Research Inst., Coimbatore.
‘I'he type is in my collection.
Chlenius fletchert, § 2.
Length 13°5-16°0 mm. ; width 5°0-5°75 mm.
Black; head and prothorax metallic green, latter darker
at margins ; femora and joint 1 of antenne red, rest of legs
and antenns dark red, palpi brown. .
Head (3:0 mm. wide) convex, moderately shiny, finely
punctate (a few larger punctures mingled with the small
ones) and subrugose, frontal fovese reduced to two small
round punctures, eyes rather flat, joint 3 of antenne nearly
glabrous, quite half as long again as 4, palpi slender, labru:n
truncate.
Prothorax as long as wide (4:0 mm.), shiny, rather flat,
widest at middle, equally contracted at extremities, which
are very slightly emarginate, sides finely bordered and a
little retlexed, moderately and quite uniformly rounded from
base to apex, hind angles obtuse and rounded ; median line
fine, not reaching extremities, basal foveze moderately deep,
elongate, curving outwards at both extremities, produced and
very shallow in front, surface moderately and fairly uniformly
punctate throughout.
Elytra (9°5 mm. long) elongate-ovate, narrower and less
dilated behind in g than in 9, base bisinuate, border sharply
angled at shoulder, faintly sinuate before apex, punctulate-
striate, a row of well-marked setiferous punctures along each
side of the strie, a few irregular additional punctures here
and there, especially on intervals 1 and 2, more closely punc-
tate at sides, intervals convex and moderately shiny in ¢,
flat and dull in ?.
Underside shiny, faintly iridescent, indistinctly pubescent,
prosternal process bordered, pilose at apex, metepisterna half
as long again as wide, coarsely punctate, ventral surface
sparsely punctate at sides. ‘T'arsi glabrous on upper surface,
dilated joints (¢ ) a little longer than wide.
Very close to C. nilgiricus, but the elytra are black. Pro-
thorax more strongly rounded at sides, which are more or less
reflexed, surface much more coarsely punctate, intervals of
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. 11
elytra much more convex and more coarsely punctured in g,
very similar in 92.
Ceylon, Diyatalawa, 3. viii. 1908 (7. B. Fletcher), 1 3,
a
British Museum.
Chlenius opactpennis, Chaud. ‘ Mon. des Chiéniens,” Ann.
Mus. Civ. Gen. 1876, p. 176.
Chaudoir described this species from two Bengal examples
(3 2), but gives no hint of any difference in the sexes. I
have before me seven examples, four males and three females,
which Iam convinced belong to the same species, but I find
rather marked sexual differences. Chaudoir’s description, as
. far as it goes, applies very well to the females, but the male
insect is narrower, flatter, and much more brightly coloured ;
the head and prothorax do not differ much, but the elytra are
not so opaque, the intervals are moderately convex, and the
puncturation is coarser and more conspicuous. ‘The side-
margins of the prothorax are blue in front, the sides and
apex of the elytra violet-blue, green on the shoulder.
& dS. India and N.W. India, 2 ex., British Museum ;
Central Provinces (Gen. Hearsey), 1 ex., Hope Dept. Oxford
Univ. Museum. Bengal, Chapra (Mackenzie), 1 ex., Agric.
Research Inst., Pusa.
? 2. Bengal, Barkura, eating millipede, 1 ex., Agric.
Research Inst., Pusa. Central Provinces, Nagpur (E. A.
1) Abreu), lex. Central Mus., Nagpur. United Provinces,
Sitapur (H. G. Champion), 1 ex.
Chlenius henryi, 3.
Length 15°5 mm.; width 6 mm.
Black; head and prothorax with an eeneous tinge, green
at margins ; joints 1-3 of antenne and legs testaceous, tarsi,
labrum, and mouth-parts brown.
Head convex, coarsely and rugosely punctate, neck and
middle of front nearly smooth, clypeus smooth, with an
oblique rugose depression at each side, labrum strongly
emarginate, eyes fairly prominent, antenne thick, joint 3 a
little longer than 4.
Prothorax moderately convex, a third as wide again as
head, length to width as 3 to 4, widest rather behind middle,
base slightly emarginate, apex truncate, narrower at apex
than base, sides gently rounded, border narrow and a little
reflexed, hind angles obtuse and rounded ; median line very
12 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Ortental.Carabide.
fine, not reaching extremities, transverse impressions obsolete,
basal fovex short and narrow, hardly breaking the general
convexity, distant from base, rather nearer margin than
middle; surface coarsely, confluently, and uniformly punctate.
Elytra oval, convex, widest behind middle, half as wide
again as prothorax and three times as long, border forming
an angle at shoulder, punctate-striate, the punctures very
fine and close together, the first stria arising from an umbili-
cate pore at some distance from base, the whole surface
finely, closely, and uniformly punctate, with a short greyish
pubescence.
Underside shiny and iridescent, sterna and episterna
coarsely but not closely punctate, sides of ventral surface
more finely and sparsely, prosternal process very finely
bordered with some setee at apex, metepisterna without ex-
ternal groove, a little longer than wide. Front femora (¢)
without tooth; upper surface of tarsi minutely and very
sparsely setose.
The species belongs to the group of which C. chlorodius,
Dej., is the type, but, although the elytra are relatively
longer, the form is more that of C. opacipennis, Chaud. It
is widely distinguished from all other members of the group
by the dense puncturation of both prothorax and elytra, also
by the rounded hind angles of the former.
A single ¢ specimen from the Colombo Museum, sent to
me some years ago by Mr. G. M. Henry, after whom I have
named it. There is no locality-label, but I understand that
the specimen was taken in Ceylon.
Chlenius binghamt, 3.
Length 12:0 mm. ; width 5°0 mm.
Buff-coloured ; basal two-fifths of elytra, together with an
extension, in the form of a square patch over the first four
intervals, to about a third from apex, and apex of mandibles
black ; apex of palpi and an ill-defined area near apex of
elytra intuscate.
Head (2°25 mm. wide) convex, shiny, smooth, apart from
some very minute punctures on neck and sides of front,
frontal fovee fairly deep, eyes prominent, labrum truncate,
joint 3 of antennze very sparsely pilose, equal to 4.
Prothorax transverse (3°25 x 2°50 mm.), shiny, convex on
disk, widest before middle, extremities truncate, sides of base
advancing towards hind angles, sides with a fine border,
slightly reflexed, strongly rounded in front, sinuate near hind
Mr. H. FE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 13
angles, which are right but not sharp, median line and trans-
verse impressious well marked, basal fovew large and fairly
deep, surface smooth except over the fovese and for a short
distance forwards along sides, where it is coarsely punctate
and pubescent.
Elytra (7:0 mm. long) short, rather convex, border forming
a very obtuse angle at shoulder, and only faintly sinuate near
apex, punctulate-striate, intervals convex on disk, much
flatter at sides, the first four (where black) smooth, except
for an irregular row of setiferous punctures along each side
of the strie, the rest of the surface closely punctate and
pubescent, the puncturation rather coarse, the buff colour
extending forwards along interval 9 and eovering the shoulder,
but not extending inwards beyond the base of stria 5.
Underside finely punctate and pubescent, but smoother
down the middle line of the body, prosternal process not
bordered, a few small sete at apex, metepisterna much longer
than wide, tarsi with a few minute setee on upper surface.
Nearly related to C. kolariensis, Maindr., from Chota
Nagpur, but larger, prothorax with blunter hind angles and
quite without the minute rugosity of the base in that species ;
the median elytral intervals are more evidently smooth, and
the square black patch projected backwards from the black
basal area gives the species a very distinctive facies.
Upper Burma, Maymyo, 3000’ (Col. C. T. Bingham),
ext:
The type is in the British Museum.
Chlenius corbetti, 2.
Length 17 mm.; width 6°25 mm.
Dark green-blue ; head and prothorax metallic green, latter
copper-red on disk, elytra green-blue with middle of intervals
2s ; legs, palpi, antenne (lighter at apex), and labrum
red.
Head (3°0 mm. wide) shiny, almost smooth, a very few
punctures on sides and vertex, frontal fovee obsolete, eyes
fairly prominent, palpi slender, joint 3 of antenne sparsely
pilose, slightly curved, half as long again as 4.
Prothorax transverse (4 x 3°5 mm.), widest before middle,
rather flat but declivous towards front angles, emarginate at
extremities, sides rounded, sinuate at some distance from base,
hind angles about right, projecting a little laterally, sides of
base advancing towards them; median line fine, but rather
deeply impressed, basal tovex elongate, fairly deep, curving
14 Mr. Hi. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.
backwards towards hind angles, surface shiny, finely punctate,
sparsely on disk, more closely over basal area, where some
large punctures are mingled with the small ones, faintly
pubescent.
Elytra (10 mm. long) subopaque, flat, elongate, sides
nearly parallel, border at shoulder forming a very obtuse
angle, rounded at apex without appreciable sinuation, punctu-
late-striate, stria 1 arising from an umbilicate pore, intervals
flat, the whole surface finely but not very closely aciculate-
punctate, a few larger punctures mingled quite irregularly
with the smaller ones, covered with a short but not dense
yellowish pubescence.
Underside shiny, prosternal process unbordered, metepi-
sterna a little longer than broad, without external groove,
metasternum, its episterna, and sides of ventral surface mode-
rately punctate and pubescent, much more finely and sparsely
over the median area; tarsi pilose on upper surface. ~
The species seems to belong to the little American group
in Chaudoir’s Monograph, of which C. cordicollis, Kirby, is
typical. The shape of the prothorax is unlike that of any
ljastern species known to me, though it is very similar to
that of C. aératus, Quens., from N. Africa. It is possible,
though unlikely, that this is the unidentified C. virdanus,
Motsch. (Bull. Mosc. 1864, iv. p. 339).
Burma, Rangoon (G. Q. Corbett), 1 ex., 2.
The type is in my collection.
Chlenius laotinus, g 2.
Length 11-12 mm. ; width 4°50-4°75 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax dark metallic green (bluish
when viewed sideways), elytra dark eneous on disk, green at
base and sides, border of both prothorax and elytra dark red ;
legs, first three joints of antennze (rest darker), palpi, apex
of elytra (widely) and of ventral surface (narrowly)
testaceous.
Head (2°0 mm. wide) convex. shiny, smooth, a few small
punctures near eyes, frontal foveze deep, rounded, subrugose,
eyes moderately prominent, autenne slender, joint 3 sparsely
pilose, hardly longer than 4, palpi slender, labrum slightly
emarginate.
Prothorax transverse (3°0x 2°5 mm.), shiny, subconvex,
widest just before middle, truncate at extremities, sides
bordered and strongly rounded, sinuate just before hind angles,
which are about right, sharp, projecting a little laterally,
front angles rounded; median line rather deeply impressed,
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 2
basal fovees large, rather shallow, surface moderately and
fair'y closely punctate, very closely over the basal fovee, .
smooth on middle of disk (except along median line), pubes-
cence evident and rather long.
Elytra (7°5 mm. long) ovate, convex, border rounded at
shoulder, sinuate near apex, punctulate-striate, surface
closely but not very finely punctate (as in C. submarginatus,
Chaud.), more closely at sides, covered with a fairly long
yellowish pubescence, apical area broadly testaceous, as in
C. inops, Chaud., but more widely along suture, and not
quite so far forwards along margin, with a less jagged edge
where the colours meet.
Ventral surface finely punctate, the pubescence shorter and
less evident than on upper surface, prosternum smooth
between coxe, process bordered and pilose at apex, metepi-
sterna elongate. Upper surface of tarsi sparsely punctate
and minutely setose, dilated joints (¢) rather narrow.
Closely allied to C. fraterculus, Maindr., of which Mr. Guy
Babault has kindly sent me a typical specimen for examina-
tion. The form of the prothorax is almost identical, though
in C. laotinus the hind angles are hardly acute, puncturation
closer and finer, smooth discal area much smaller (in C. fra-
terculus it extends almost to the front angles), elytra rather
more finely punctate, the yellow apical area extending further
forwards at sides.
Laos ; many examples taken at various localities in the
Provinces of Luang Prabang and Haut Mekong, 1915-18
(R. Vitalis de Salvaza).
The type is in the British Museum.
Chlenius comans, of.
Length 11°5-13°0 mm. ; width 4:25-5:0 mm,
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, latter sometimes
copper-red on disk, elytra zeneous black ; legs, first three joints
of anteung (rest fuscous), palpi, border of prothorax and
elytra, epipleurse of elytra, and apex of ventral surface
generally testaceous, but sometimes quite dark red.
Head (2°25 mm. wide) convex, shiny, minutely punctate,
with a few larger punctures on front and near eyes, frontal
fovee sinall but deep, eyes prominent, joints 2 and 3 of an-
tennas moderately pilose, joint 3=4, palpi slender, labrum
truncate.
Prothorax transverse (3°50 x 2°75 mm.), convex on disk,
flatter towards base, truncate at extremities, sides moderately
rounded, not sinuate before hind angles, not much wider
16 Mr. H. E. Andrewes: on Oriental. Carabide.
behind than in front, border narrow in front, thicker behind,
hind angles obtuse, but not much rounded ; median line very
fine, basal fovew short but fairly. deep, curving outwards at
both extremities, surface moderately punctate, closely near
hind angles, disk almost smooth (except along median line),
evidently pubescent.
Elytra (8:0 mm. long) ovate, subeconvex, border roundel
at shoulders, sinuate near apex, punctate-striate, intervals
flat, surface rather finely aciculate-punctate, more closely at
sides, with a fairly long golden-yellow pubescence.
Underside. moderately shiny, closely punctate and pubes-
cent, ventral surface very closely and finely, prosternum
punctate between cox, process with indications of a border
only, metepisterna elongate, closely punctate, metasternum
with some coarse punctures as well. Upper surface of tarsi
minutely punctate, practically glabrous. Dilated joints of
front tarsi ( ¢) rather elongate.
According to Chaudoir’s table the species would go with
C. tristis, Schall., and C. nigricornis, F., but it is more
closely allied to C. submarginatus, Chaud. Head a little’
wider than in the last-named species, prothorax less con-
tracted behind, sides and especially hind angles much less
rounded, less closely punctate, elytra more finely punctate,
prosternal process practically unbordered. I think probably
Chaudoir attached too much importance to the border on the
prosternal process in this genus, as he did also in Oodes (see
Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 323).
Tonkin: Hoabinh, Guang Yen, and Muong Sin, many
examples (R. Vitalis de. Salvaza), China (Bowring), 4 ex.
The type is in the British Museum.
Chlenius uninotatus, 6 2.
Length 10-11 mm. ; width 3°75-4:0 mm.
Blue-black ; head metallic green or blue-green, border and
epipleuree of prothorax reddish ; legs, palpi, labrum, joints 1
and 2 of antenns, and a common spot near apex of elytra
testaceous.
Head (2°0 mm. wide) convex, minutely punctate, smoother
on vertex, frontal fovee nearly obsolete, joints 1 and 2 of
antenne sparsely pilose, 3 more closely so and a little longer
than 4, palpi slender, obliquely truncate at apex, labrum
truncate.
Prothorax transverse (2°75x 2'25 mm.), flat, widest at
middle, equally contracted and slightly emarginate at both
extremities, very finely bordered at sides, strongly and evenly
On the Myth of the Ship-holder. LT
rounded, without any sinuation before base, angles rounded,
front ones a little prominent, hind ones obtuse ; a fine median
line reaching extremities, transverse impressions obsolete,
basal foveza shallow, surface opaque, finely and densely
granulate and pubescent, the pubescence inconspicuous.
Elytra (6°5 mm. long) oval, narrower and more pointed at
apex in @, rather flat on disk, opaque, border fine, rounded
at shoulder, reflexed along sides, hardly sinuate before apex,
punctulate-striate, intervals flat, finely but not very closely
punctate, and inconspicuously pubescent ; the testaceous spot,
which is divided by the suture (red at this point), small,
more or less rectangular, covering three intervals on each side
of the suture, the colour extending a little nearer apex on
interval 1; scutellum shagreened and indistinctly punctate.
Underside highly iridescent, shiny, sparsely punctate, and
pubescent, prosternal process not bordered, metepisterna not
much longer than wide; tarsi pubescent on upper surface.
Closely resembling C. guttula, Chaud., but larger, the
common spot a little larger, more angular, and further from
apex ; head wider, less closely rugose, prothorax more coarsely
granulate, strie of elytra deeper and more evidently punctate.
Assim: Naga Hills, Assam Valley, Manipur (all Doherty),
13,622
British Museum.
I].—The Myth of the Ship-holder: a Postscript. By KE. W.
Gupcer, American Museum of Natural History, New
York City.
In the issue of this Journal for October 1918 I published a
paper of some length on this myth *. While that paper was
going through the press I chanced upon some additional data
bearing on this subject and its explanation, and it has
seemed worth while to present it here in abbreviated form
in the hope that it may prove of interest to readers of the
first paper. It is all the more interesting because three of
the writers quoted approximated the true explanation.
' The first of these old writers is Jerome Cardan, mathe-
matician, naturalist, and several other things beside. In
* Gudger, I. W., ‘ The Myth of the Ship-holder: Studies in Echeneis
or Remora.—I.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1918, ser. 9, vol. ii. pp. 271-
307, 3 pls. with 9 figs., 1 text- fig,
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 2
18 Mr. E. W. Gudger on the
his book *, published at Basilize in 1557, his description
of the ship-retarder, which he denominates Mustela marina,
is very inexact; but when he says that it has seven round
openings on each side of its neck, we recognize it as a
lamprey-eel. The interesting thing in his account is his
recital of a voyage on the Liger River in the spring, when
seven large specimens were detached from the prow of the
boat, where they acted as very effectual remoras—delayers.
In this account Cardan effectually corroborates Rondelet +,
who says that he has seen a lamprey-eel attach itself to a
boat and actually retard its progress. Both these ancients
in turn are corroborated fully by one of the most distinguished
ichthyologists of the present day, Mr. David G. Stead, of
Australia ¢, who tells of an instance coming under his own
observation of a vessel in tropical waters being actually
“considerably delayed through a school of ‘suckers’ attaching
themselves all round its sides and bottom.”
Next we come to the old Jesuit, Athanasius Kircher
(1643), who goes very carefully into the matter of the ship-
holder. Not to weary the reader, the gist of Kircher’s
dissertation is to be found in the following paragraph. He
contends that the explanation of the retardation of ships by
a fish is as fabulous as that this is due to magnetic rocks,
and goes on to offer the following explanation of his own :—
“Nevertheless I do not deny that ships in their course do
stand still. But I do not think to ascribe this to any occult
quality, nor to any virtue derived from heaven, nor to any
fantastic cause whatever, but to contrary upheavals or
currents in the sea. For unless I had observed such a
happening myself, I would myself scarcely believe that
which I am going to set forth. Truly it happens not in-
frequently in the Strait of Sicily that a huge ship with all
sails set to a following wind sticks fast in the middle of the
sea as if she had been affixed to a spike in a beam, the other
ships in the neighbourhood holding their courses. This I
allege not only on the testimony of my own eyes, but of
that of the inhabitants of Messina, who frequently enjoy
this spectacle. In like fashion the imperial fleet of Anthony
at the battle of Actium was detained in the narrows of the
Archipelago. This I would ascribe to the currents and
* Cordano, Girolamo. ‘ Hieronymi Cardani Mediolanensis Medici de
Rerum Varietate Libri XVII.’ Basiliz, 1557, chapter 31.
+ Rondelet, Guillaume. ‘L’Histoire Entiére des. Poissons.’ Lion,
1558, p. 813. The original edition of this great work was published in
Latin in 1554.
t Stead, DavidG. ‘Fishes of Australia.’ Sydney, 19C6, pp. 190-191.
Myth of the Ship-holder. 19
eddies which are everywhere met with in straits. For it can
scarcely be said how much eddying in the sea, how many
[opposing] currents would be strong and powerful enough
to cause ships to stand. This is, indeed, my idea of the
Remora” *,
We now come to that man of the Renaissance writers who
most thoroughly and in scientific fashion goes into a study
of the ship-holder. This is the Jesuit, Gaspar Schott, pro-
fessor in the gymnasium of Herbipoli. His scieutific
attitude is first shown in his extensive review of his prede-
cessors, where he expressly quotes them by book, chapter,
and paragraph, and in this he is about as exact as a present-
day writer who takes pride in the care with which his biblio-
graphy is prepared +.
Schott carefully dissects the writings and opinions of his
predecessors, and, while acknowledging that vessels are
stopped, rejects their explanations as depending on some
occult power or cause or quality. He then sets forth his
own conclusions under four heads and in as many distinct
paragraphs. First, he thinks it doubtful if such a remark-
able power of detaining and retarding ships is to be found
in such a small animal. He notes that there are no eye-
witnesses among the ancients, but that their accounts run
“it is said,” ‘some believe,” “it is reported.” In short,
there is no agreement among the ancients, and their accounts
are mere fables.
Having thus established himself as a disbeliever, Schott,
in the next paragraph, affirms his belief in the occult and
the supernatural. Since so many writers record them, there
must be truth in these accounts, and it must be acknowledged
that the ships are retarded, but from causes different from
the assigned ones. These retardations, he thinks, are due
to angels—good or bad,—to frauds on the parts of sailors
(some backing, others pulling), or to upheavings and boilings
in the sea. These latter, on the whole, he thinks to be the
more probable causes.
In his third paragraph Schott affirms his belief in extra-
ordinary tides and currents which arise at times to retard
the progress of the weakly propelled vessels of his day. He
quotes Kircher’s experience in the Straits of Sicily. This
* Kircher, Athanasius. ‘Athanasii Kircheri Magnes Sive de Artis
Magnetica, Opus Tripartum.’ Colonize Agrippine, 1643. Liber tertius,
pars sexta, De Echeneida, seu Remora, p. 669.
+ Schottus, Caspar. ‘Physica Curiosa sive Mirabilia Nature et
Artis Libris XII.’ Herbipoli, 1662. Caput XIV. Dissertatio Physio-
logica de Echeneide seu Remora, pp. 1309-1338,
as
20 On the Myth of the Ship-holder.
he had confirmed by the inhabitants of Messina and likewise
by a personal experience in those waters. Next he argues
that similar detentions have been known in similar regions,
but that, unlike the ones more or less regularly occurring,
though at different hours, in the Sicilian Straits, they occur
irregularly and at intervals only—in short, were temporary
and due to temporary and unusual causes. These causes,
he thinks, were earthquakes or submarine disturbances of
some kind which produce large and conflicting waves, this
being in accordance with Kircher’s experience when he was
once returning from Melita to Rome.
Lastly, Schott comes to the conclusion that the retardation
is due to the little fish rightly called remora, but that it does
not do this by virtue of any occult quality, since when taken
into the vessel the latter is no longer necessarily stopped in
her course—witness the vessels of Caligula and the Cardinal
of Tours (see pages 276 and 284 of previous paper). When
it lays hold of a vessel and opposes its propulsion it acts in
the same way that a man does when he prevents gravity
from drawing a body downward.
Both Kircher and Schott had a glimmering idea of the
truth, each wanted to break away from ancient tradition and
give a rational explanation; but the axiom that action and
reaction are equal not having been established in their day,
they apparently took refuge im jesuitical fashion in a
flood of words. However, it is true that, in their conflicting
currents or boilings in the sea, they approximated the true
explanation as set forth by Ekman* in 1904, For this see
my larger article.
The last author to be quoted in this paper is a compatriot
of Ekman’s, the famous Bishop Pontoppidan ¢ of Norway.
He. quotes Schott, that “Among other reasons that are
given for a ship’s being stopt in her course in the middle of
the sea, tho’ under full sail with a good wind, which is an
undeniable fact, he reckons, the conflux of rivers from several
places struggling together, to be one cause.”” This translation
I am unable to get from Schott’s Latin ; but doubting my
own rendition, I had a translation made by an expert in
Romanic languages. This agreed with mine very closely,
but not with the good Bishop’s.
Possibly this translation represents an embryonic idea in
* Ekman, V. Walfrid. ‘On Dead-Water.’ Vol. V. Scientific Results
Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1898-1896, Christiania, 1904,
+ Pontoppidan, Erich. ‘The Natural History of Norway.’ London,
1755, pp. 216-217, :
On a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 21
the Bishop’s own mind, for he continues (see above): “ This
opinion has some probability, and that strange effect is
really owing to this cause in some places.” But, being
under the thrall of the Kraken, the gigantic cephalopod
which, like ‘‘ Dead Water,” abounded in the fiords of his
country, he finally concludes that it, under the name Kors-
Trold or Soe-Drawl, is the effecting agent in ship-detention.
III.—Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera.
By Gitpert J. Arrow.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
[Plate I.]
Tue following descriptions and notes have been put together
in the course of working out the nomenclature of certain
species of Melolonthing injurious to crops in different regions.
The types of the species described as new are in the British
Museum.
In his ‘ Report on Phytalus smitht, Arrow, and other
Beetles injurious to Sugar-cane in Mauritius’ Mr. d’ Emmerez
de Charmoy refers to certain Lamellicorn beetles to which no
precise names could be given. ‘These were subsequently
sent to me for identification, but, owing to uncertainty as to
whether they were imported or indigenous, I deferred their
determination at that time. Having failed to obtain sufficient
evidence of their occurrence elsewhere, I have now described
them, their economic importance rendering the absence of
recognized names highly inconvenient.
In the Report above mentioned the name Gymnogaster
buphthalma, Bl., is applied to certain cane-feeding grubs.
The beetles sent to me as probably belonging to that species
are two different forms, both of them apparently unnamed
hitherto. G. buphthalmus is an inhabitant of the island of
Bourbon, and in all probability is not found elsewhere.
Although it has a close superficial resemblance to the insect
I here call RAtzotrogus pallens, there are important anatomical
differences in the reduction of the biting parts of the mouth
and the existence of five, instead of three, joints in the an-
tennal club. No other species of Gymnogaster is known.
22 Mr, G. J. Arrow on |
Rhizotrogus gravis, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 4.)
Lete flavus, capite fusco-rufo, pronoto (lateribus exceptis), an-
tennis tarsisque rufis; oblongus, nitidus, glaber, pectore pedibus-
que sat longe flavo-hirsutis, capite crebre et rugose punctato,
absque carinis, clypeo parvo, excavato, margine antice recto,
lateraliter fortiter arcuato; pronoto sat crebre et fortiter punc-
tato, linea media fere levi, lateribus medio fortiter dilatatis,
deinde ad angulos fere rectis, his obtusis, margine antico toto
ciliato, postico leviter trisinuato, marginato; scutello parce
punctato; elytris crebre et fortiter punctatis, costa suturali
valida aliisque angustis parum distinctis; pygidio parce haud
fortiter punctato ; antennis 10-articulatis, articulis 3—7 regulariter
decrescentibus ; tibiz antice dente tertio minutissimo, unguibus
subtus medio dente recto armatis ; mento postice carina V-formi
instructo, antice excavato.
Long. 25-27 mm.; lat. max. 13-15 mm.
N.E, Mauritius: Bassin.
An old specimen of this species in the British Museum
bears the locality “ Florida,” for which reason I at first
believed it to have been, like Phytalus smithi, imported into
Mauritius ; but I have failed on enquiry to find any evidence |
of its occurrence in America, nor has it by any abnormal
increase shown the usual indication of an introduced insect.
The colour is a bright tawny yellow, paler beneath, with
the pronotum red, except at the sides, and the head very dark
red.
The male is rather elongate and parallel-sided, the female
shorter and more dilated behind, and both rather shining
(except upon the head, which is densely punctured and
rugose), free from hair upon the upper surface, but with long
and thick yellow pubescence upon the metasternum. The
eyes are large and prominent, the clypeus rather small,
hollowed, with continuous reflexed margin, straight in front
and rounded at the sides. The pronotum is moderately
punctured, with an indefinite longitudinal smooth space in
the middle, with the lateral margins strongly dilated in the
middle and nearly straight from there to the front and hind
angles, which are obtuse. The elytra are closely and evenly
punctured, with a prominent smooth sutural costa of nearly
equal breadth throughout and exceedingly narrow and feeble
vestiges of three or four other costa. ‘The pygidium is much
less closely punctured. ‘he uppermost (third) tooth of the
front tibia is very feeble and the claws bear a strong vertical
tooth, at the middle of the lower edge. The antenne are
10-jointed, joints 3 to 7 progressively diminishing in length.
a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 23
The male is much less massive than the female, with the
club of the antenna as long as the footstalk, all the tarsi long
and slender, and the abdomen longitudinally channelled
beneath.
Larvee found feeding at the roots of cane have been sent
to me together with adult females of this species.
Lhizotrogus pallens, sp.n, (Pl. I. fig. 1.)
Pallide flavus, capite fusco-rufo, tarsis pronotique medio plus
minusve rufescentibus ; oblongus, nitidus, glaber, pectore pedi-
busque sat longe flavo-hirsutis, capite fortiter et confluenter
punctato, absque carinis, clypeo excavato, margine reflexo, medio
subtiliter exciso, lateraliter fortiter arcuato; pronoto inequaliter,
haud crebre, punctato, lateribus medio fortiter dilatatis, deinde ad
angulos omnes fere rectis, his obtusis, margine antico toto ciliato :
scutello fere impunctato ; elytris haud fortiter aut dense punc-
tatis, costa suturali angusta; pygidio sparse erecte setoso ; tibia
antica tridentata, unguibus medio dente erecto armatis; mento
postice carina semicirculari instructo.
Long. 23-27 mm.; lat. max. 11-14 mm.
S.E. Mauritius: Ebéne Sugar Estate, near Réduit.
This is closely related to R. gravis and has a marked
superficial resemblance to Gymnogaster buphthalmus, Bl.,
from which it is easily distinguished by its 3-jointed antennal
club. It is narrower than £2. gravis, paler in colour, and
less strongly and closely punctured upon the pronotum and
elytra. ‘The clypeus is a little larger, feebly sinuated in the
middle of its margin, and the eyes are a little smaller. The
pronotum is rather flat and sparsely punctured, with its sides
still more strongly angulated in the middle and straight from
there to the front and hind angles, which are obtuse. The
scutellum is almost smooth and the elytra are lightly pune-
tured and very shining, with a narrow sutural costa only.
The pygidium bears a thin clothing of erect hairs, but is
scarcely visibly punctured. The mentum bears a semicircular
(not V-shaped) carina and the uppermost tooth of the front
tibia is more distinct than in A, gravis. The claws are
similar.
As in the allied species, the male is more slenderly built
than the female, with the abdomen channelled beneath and
the tarsi longer. The club of the antenna is longer than
in the male of #. gravis, and the seventh joint is produced
into a short but distinct lamella,
24 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
Rhizotrogus rufus, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 2.)
Leete castaneo-rufus, capite obscuriori abdomineque pallide flavo ;
sat late ovatus, nitidus, glaber, pectore dense fulvo-hirsuto ;
capite dense fortiter punctato, fronte rugosa, clypeo parvo, mar-
gine integro, arcuato, reflexo; pronoto crebre et minute punc-
tato, margine laterali crenulato, ante medium angulato, dein ad
angulum anticum et posticum fere recto, hoc fere quadrato, illo
paulo producto; scutello lato, levi; elytris subtiliter parum
eequaliter punctatis, margine suturali costisque discoidalibus
duabus vix perspicuis levioribus ; pygidio subtiliter sat crebre
punctato; pedibus parum gracilibus, tibiis anticis robustis,
3-dentatis, unguibus fortiter arcuatis, medio valde dentatis :
3, clava antennali duplo longiori quam. stipitem ; unguorum dente
paulo post medium sito; pygidio leviter convexo:
@, clava antennali quam stipitem multo breviori ; unguorum dente
paulo ante medium sito; pygidio deplanato, apice leviter
porrecto.
Leng. 14-16 mm.; lat. max. 9 mm.
Ninairt Hints: Dodabetta, 8000 ft. (May), Ootacamund
(April).
‘This insect has been sent to me by Mr. T. V. Ramakrishna
Ayyar, who found it in large numbers just beneath the
surface-soil in plantations of cinchona seedlings.
It is moderately short and broad in shape, very smooth
and shining, with the metasternum densely clothed with
rather long tawny hair. ‘The legs are not very long, the
front tibize rather short and armed with three strong but not
sharp teeth, separated by acute notches. The clypeus is
small, very strongly and closely punctured, with the margin
regularly rounded and entire, and the forehead rugose, the
punctures coalescing, carinate at its posterior limit. ‘The
pronotum is broad, not very convex, closely and rather
evenly punctured, with its lateral margins crenulated, angu-
lated in the middle, and nearly straight from there to the
front and hind angles, of which the former is a little produced
and the latter a right angle. The scutellum is broad and
almost unpunctured. The elytra are finely and moderately
closely punctured, with the sutural margins and two indistinet
discoidal coste smoother. The pygidium is also finely and
moderately closely punctured. The antennez are 10-jointed,
joints 3-7 very short and trausverse in the male and 8-10
forming a very long club more than twice as long as the
entire footstalk. In the female joints 3 and 4 are a little
longer than wide and the club is very short. The basal joint
a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 25
of the hind tarsus is slightly longer than the following one,
and the claws are strongly curved and toothed in the middle.
The male is easily recognizable by the exceptional length
of the antennal club, and another slight but important diffe-
rence is found in the claws, in which the tooth is placed
nearer to the tip in the male than in the female.
I have used the generic name L?hizotrogus because it is the
oldest of the various names in use for the immense and
almost world-wide series of species to which these three
insects belong, although that name is generally restricted to
species from the Palearctic region. The classification of
these insects is very largely a geographical one at present,
and species from the Oriental region are referred to folo-
trichia, those from America to Lachnosterna, while those
from the Palearctic, African, and Madagascan areas have
been distributed under very numerous names, some of which
are no doubt well justified, but the maintenance of others
must necessitate the introduction of a very large number of
fresh generic names for the forms yet undescribed and con-
forming to none of the feebly differentiated diagnoses formu-
lated by Brenske, Reitter, and Kolbe. The handling of the
extremely difficult generic problem by artificially limited
geographical groups enables genera to be defined in terms
which are found inapplicable when entire natural groups
come to be investigated. Reitter, for instance, studying
Palearctic forms, has divided the genera of the present group
into two sections according to the situation of the tooth upon
the claws before or behind their middle, one section being
represented by /thizotrogus and the other by Holotrichia.
As thus defined, the male of the species last described would
be referred to the Holotrichia section and the female to the
Rhizotrogus section. The many forms in which the tooth is
placed precisely in the middle completely bridge the two
groups and render their generic separation impossible.
Pending a general revision, therefore, it seems to me best to
accept only those genera which appear to be exactly defined,
and to regard as a single genus the great mass of species at
present called Rhizotrogus, Holotrichia, or Lachnosterna.
Two species, not closely related, were described by Water-
house from the island of Rodriguez under the name of
Lachnosterna. L. rodriguezi, Wat., is a very peculiar insect
belonging to no known genus. Unfortunately the two
specimens are in an extremely imperfect state, so that it is
not yet possible to state all its distinctive features; but,
26 Mr: G. J. Arrow on
although its proper systematic position must remain in doubt,
enough can be stated for its ready recognition.
MASCARENA, gen. nov.
Elongate and rather depressed in shape. Head broad,
with the clypeus extremely short and subacuminate in the
middle. Labrum broad, produced vertically downwards on
each side, the two lobes long and wide apart, the median part
slightly produced. Mandibles strong and exposed. Mentum
excavated externally, deeply excised in front, with the palpi
attached to the outer face. Third and fourth joints of the
antenna equal and moderately short (the remainder wanting).
Legs slender, with the front tibia rather feebly tridentate
and the claws long, toothed before the middle.
The tarsi of the male are very long, the claws longer than
in the female and the tooth much shorter.
The second species from Rodriguez referred by Waterhouse
to Lachnosterna (L. gradaria, Wat.) belongs to the genus
Hoplochelus. This genus is at present in a state of great
confusion. Empecta and Hoplochelus, very distinct as they
are, were mixed together by Blanchard, and, although Brenske
has partly unravelled them, the recent Catalogue of Dalla
Torre has only increased the confusion. The two genera are
easily distinguishable by the different form of the clypeus
and labrum and the occurrence of two teeth upon the front
tibia in Hmpecta, instead of three as in Hoplochelus. The
former genus is allied to Apogonta and the latter to Rhizo-
trogus. The typical species of Hoplochelus is H. rhizo-
trogoides, B|., and the others known to me are piligera, BL.,
micantipennis, Bl., semirufus, Fairm., and gradaria, Wat.
“ Enaria” adusta and albosparsa, of Fairmaire, belong to
Empecta.
Fairmaire has described as Hmpecta nudiplaga a form
which he distinguishes from Z. marginals, Fairm., by certain
features, all of which, although he was not aware of it, are
merely characters of the female of Hoplochelus micantipennis,
Bl. Both the above names are therefore evidently syno-
nyms of the last. Lmpecta betanimena, Kunck., attributed
to this species in Alluaud’s Catalogue, is really Hoplochelus
semirufus, Fairm.
Much of this confusion would have been avoided by the
simple observation of the features distinctive of the sexes.
It appears never to have been noticed that a sparser clothing
a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 27
and puncturation of the upper surface are characteristic of
the females of both the genera in question. This is especially
striking in the following new species :—
Empecta disparilis, sp.n. (PI. I, fig. 3.)
Nigra, elytris pedibusque rufescentibus, corpore toto squamis
minutis vestito (maris supra dense), elytrorum humeris et
epipleuris scutellique lateribus et linea mediana nudis, pectore
haud dense fulvo-hirsuto; elongato-ovata, capite dense rugoso,
margine antica levissime arcuata, haud excisa ; pronoti lateribus
fortiter bisinuatis, antice valde approximatis, angulis anticis
acute productis, posticis obtusis; pygidio crebre punctato-rugoso
et setoso :
¢ , corpore supra toto opaco, densissime flavo-squamoso, pedibusque
omnibus gracilibus :
Q, corpore supra modice nitido, grosse punctato, punctis squami-
feris, pedibus posticis multo brevioribus.
Long. 17-19 mm.; lat. max. 9-10 mm.
MapaGascaR: Diego Suarez.
The difference between the sexes is very strongly marked,
The male is entirely opaque above and densely clothed with
perfectly uniform yellow scales. The female is more shining,
the pronotum covered with large dense punctures each con-
taining a scale, and the elytra rather coarsely punctured,
each puncture similarly giving rise to a scale, and the punc-
tures of the inner half tending to coalesce transversely. The
posterior half of the pygidium is also more coarsely punctured
and shining in the female, and the hind legs are much
shorter and stouter than in the male.
Lepidiota flavimargo, sp. n.
Fusea, corpore supra et subtus dense albo-squamoso, elytris rufes-
centibus, lateribus pallidioribus, denudatis, squamis nonnullis
minutis parce ornatis ; elongato-ovalis, undique coriaceo-punctata,
elytrorum lateribus exceptis, clypeo haud lato, margine antica
medio leyissime sinuata, prothoracis lateribus serratis, antice
fere rectis, post medium arcuatis, angulis omnibus obtusis, pygidio
postice leviter sulcato, mesosterno medio compresso, vix produeto :
¢, tibiis anticis bidentatis, tibiarum posticarum calearibus angustis,
spinosis : ‘
Q, tibiis anticis tridentatis, tibiarum posticarum calcaribus latis-
simis, spatulatis, extremitatibus translucentibus.
Long. 39-52 mm.; lat. max. 20-26 mm.
Brit. N. Borneo: Sandakan (C. V. Creagh, W. B.
Pryer), Sarawak (J. C. Moulton),
28 On a few Melolonthine Coleoptera.
This is a species closely related to the very abundant
L. stigma, F., of the Malay Peninsula and Java, which is
apparently not found in Borneo. ‘The females of that species
strongly resemble the present insect, but the latter can be at
once distinguished by the sharply defined yellow or reddish
lateral borders of the elytra, almost denuded of scales. The
border occupies about one-eighth of the width of the elytron,
is paler than the remaining surface, smooth and shining,
and bears only a few minute scales, whereas the remaining
surface of the body is closely covered with scales, replaced by
short, close-lying yellowish hairs upon the coxee and the sides
of the metasternum. The scales of the upper surface are
generally pure white, the elytra each showing three more or
less distinct longitudinal lines of scales still more closely
crowded than the rest. Upon the head, the sides of the pro-
notum, and the lower surface of the body the scales are more
yellowish.
The two sexes, unlike those of Z. st/gma, are alike in colour,
but the female is distinetly larger than the male, its front tibize
are stouter and bear three well-developed teeth instead of two,
and the hind tibizw are dilated at the end and their spurs
broad and spatuliform (much moreso than in L. stagma), the
extremities dilated, rounded, and translucent.
L. munda, Sharp, has similar bare lateral margins to the
elytra, but is a smaller insect, more tapering in front, and
clothed with yellow scales.
The Dalla Torre Catalogue is entirely wrong in identifying
the European Polyphylla alba of Pallas and Olivier with the
female of L. stigma (Melolontha alba, F.). _
Leucopholis diffinis, Sharp, and lateralis, Brenske, are, I
believe, synonyms of L. nummicudens, Newm. ‘The incon-
spicuous row of hairs upon the median line of the pronotum
seems to occur only in the female (the sex described by
Brenske), and is present in one of the two original specimens
of Newman. Sharp’s two specimens are presumably both
females, but very much abraded, so that the clothing could
not be described. Brenske appears to have believed Penang
to be in Sumatra (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1896, p. 189).
Another related insect re-named in error is Mucirrus mellyz,
Guér., which, as I have already recorded, is a Malayan form,
not Ceylonese. ‘The elongate palpi, which Brenske believed
to characterize a second species (4. elegans), is a feature of
the male of L. mellyt.
Another redundant name for a sexual form may be noted
here. Moser has described as Hoplia thoracica an insect
On Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. 29
from Sarawak, which he compares with the Javan HH. auran-
ttaca, Wat. He has overlooked H. aurata, Wat., from
Sarawak, the type of which is a female, whereas his form is
the male of the same species, differing from the female by
opaque red scales replacing the glistening golden scales of
the female upon the front of the pronotum, the sides of the
elytra and the legs.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Rhizotrogus pallens, male and female.
Fig. 2, Rhizotrogus rufus, male and female.
Fg. 3. Empecta disparilis, male and female.
Fig. 4. Rhizotrogus gravis, male and female.
The male of each on the left. All natural size.
IV.—On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo,
Mozambique. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
THANKS to the generosity of Lord Swaythling, the British
Museum has been enabled to acquire a small collection of
mammals obtained during the recent HEast-African campaign
by Mr. Arthur Loveridge at Lumbo—a place on the main-
land opposite the island of Mozambique, in Portuguese East
Africa.
This region has been exceedingly little worked, and, apart
_ from the specimens collected by Peters at Cabaceira, and
mentioned in his work on Mozambique, and a few brought
home by Dr. Kirk, almost no mammals from it have come
into the hands of zoologists.
As a consequence, I have thought it worth while to give a
list of the species obtained by Mr. Loveridge.
1. Crocidura hirta, Peters.
Py 200.
This shrew is in changing pelage, and gives a striking
example of the peculiar colour-changes described in Mr. Doll-
man’s Monograph * as occurring in the species.
* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8) xvi. p. 71 (1915).
30 Mr. O. Thomas on
2. Petrodromus (Mesoctenus) rovume, Thos.
3. 206, 207, 208, 214, 220; 2. 209, 210, 211, 212, 215,
216, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226.
This fine series of a species hitherto very insufficiently
represented is of particular importance, as some doubt.
appeared possible in regard to the relation of the thickened
tail-bristles to the age of the individual—a point on which its
distinction as representing a special subgenus mainly depended.
For it might have proved that in old age the bristles of this
species became as knobby as they are in the subgenus Cerco-
ctenus. Now, however, I am able to record that not in the
oldest specimens do the bristles become like those of P. sultan,
the type of Cercoctenus, while, on the other hand, every
individual that has its permanent teeth in place has some
thickened bristles present, none occurring in tiue restricted
Petrodromus. Certainly the bristles do increase in number
and knobbiness with age, but they never equal those of
Cerccetenus. The bristles of the males also seem to become
in old age more knobby than those of the females.
The palatal vacuities are in most cases of considerable size,
but in scme individuals are almost completely absent, so that
there is no absolute constancy in the character, although it
has undoubtedly a certain average value.
Tt was largely on this character that I separated mossam-
‘bicus of Cabaceira from rovume of the Rovuma River; but
it now appears that the character is not to be trusted when
only individual specimens are available.
As to the other character of mossam/icus (the slaty grey on
tlle belly-hairs) there is in this series a most surprising and
abnormal range of variation—from none at all to cases where
each hair is broadly slaty at base. In consequence, I think
that the name mossambicus should be withdrawn and all of
these southern forms of A/esoctenus should be referred to
rovume. It is, of course, still possible that a subspecifie
difference in colour may prove to exist when good Rovuma
skins are available, but for the present the name rovume
should be used for all.
3. Mungos mossambicus, Matsch.
do. 204, 235; ¢. 205.
Practically topotypes, the name having been based on a
specimen obtained by Peters at Cabaceira.
Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. 31
4, Helogale ivori, sp. n.
S. 227, 228; ¢. 200, 229, 233, 234.
A buffy species, resembling H. victorina in colour, but
H. brunnula in its comparatively. small size.
Size small, skull not or barely reaching 50 mm. in length.
General colour very uniform buffy—that is to say, the body
is so buffy that the limbs and tail are less contrasted with it
than usual. Back nearest to “ cinnamon-buff,” the usual fine
brown and whitish ticking of the hairs modifying it less than
in other species. Under surface strong ochraceous tawny.
Muzzle and cheeks more tawny. Crown slightly greyer and
rump a little more ochraceous than back, but these contrasts
are very markedly less conspicuous than in the Mweru
H. varia. Limbs ochraceous tawny. Tail rather shorter
than in other species, grizzled buffy above, strong ochraceous-
tawny below.
Skull small, about as in A. brunnula, markedly smaller
than in the Central and LEast-African forms vietorina,
rufula, &e.
Dimensions of male and female (the first the type) :—
Head and body 242, 210 mm.; tail 145, 140; hind foot
43,40; ear 20), 20.
Skull: median length 49:8, 49°3; condylo-basal length
49-3, 49-2; zygomatic breadth 28°3, 27:2 ; interorbital breadth
10°3, 9°8; palatal length 24-2, 24°35; maxillary tooth-row
eg oe
Type. Adult male. Original number 228. Killed 22nd
October, 1918.
‘his species is conspicuously more buffy and less rufous
than Peters’s H. undulata, which was described from Mos-
simboa, some distance further northward. It has a superficial
resemblance to the Uganda form H. victorina, but is smaller,
more uniform in colour, and the tail is decidedly shorter.
The Mweru species H. varia, which seems to have as short a
tail, is larger, and has an unusually dark grey crown and
more strongly buffy rump, both contrasting with the dorsal
colour more than in /Z. zvori.
Named after the Hon. Ivor Montagu, to whose interest in
small mammals the donation of the specimens is mainly due.
5. Paraxerus flavivittis mossambicus, subsp. n.
2. 202. Lumbo, Ist September, 1918. Type.
Median dorsal area a mixture of blackish and buffy, which
32 Mr. O. Thomas on
results in a general colour something between “ olive-brown ”
and “ Chetura drab,” therefore very different from the
“ ferrugineus ” and ‘rostbraun” of Peters’s description of
flavivittis, Under surface white, with a faint tinge of buffy
on the belly ; the hairs white to their bases; line of demar-
cation on sides not sharply defined. Colour of lateral light
stripes practically white or ivory-colour, not “ flavidus”’ or
“hell-gelb ” asin true favivittis. Dark line below them like
the middle back above them. ‘Top of muzzle grizzled ochra-
ceous. Crown and nape dark grey, without buffy or fulvous
intermixture. Facial lines well defined, alternately dark
brown and white. Shoulders ochraceous, the withers between
them also more tinged with this colour than the main dorsal
area. Ears whitish buffy. Front of fore limbs and top of
hands ochraceous; inner side of limb whitish. Outer side of
hips greyish buffy, top of hind feet strong buffy. 'Tail-hairs
ringed with black and pale buffy, their tips broadly buffy,
those of the terminal hairs stronger buffy ; middle line of
under surface ochraceous.
Skull apparently as in flavivittis, though the nasals are
considerably broader behind than in Peters’s figure.
Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—
Head and body 175 mm.; tail 175 ; hind foot 40; ear 18.
Skull: greatest length 41; condylo-incisive length 37 ;
zygomatic breadth 24 ; nasals, length 12°3, posterior breadth
7°5 ; upper tooth-series 8.
Hab. and type as above.
In his description of P. flavivittis Peters mentioned two
localities for the species—Mossimboa, on the coast, about 11°
8., and Cabaceira, near Mozambique,—the second being
almost exactly the present locality. But the differences in
colour from his description and figure shown by Mr. Love-
ridge’s specimen are so material that there are evidently two
subspecies of the animal, and it is obvious that the first-
named place—Mossimboa—should be taken as the type-
locality.
Judging by a specimen from still further north which has
been hitherto taken as P. flavivitiis, the back of that animal
is probably a strong fulvous ochraceous, very different from
the dark brownish of P. f. mossambicus.
This specimen is a peculiarly welcome accession to thie
Museum collections, as P. flavivittis was one of the only two
species which I was not able to allocate to their restricted
genera when dividing the African squirrels in 1909%*.
* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. p. 475 (1909).
Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. do
Mr. Loveridge’s example now shows that it is unquestionably
a typical Paraxerus.
Within that genus it renders verbally incorrect my
statement, when describing Tamiscus*, that the species of
Paraxerus, as there restricted, were “ of uniform colour, or at
most with an indistinct whitish line down each side of the
back,” for the light lines of P. flavivittis are exceedingly
conspicuous, and anything but indistinct. But none the less
the striping is quite unlike that in the black-striped Tamiscus,
and is only an intensification of the indistinct whitish lines
referred to.
6. Taterona sp.
Pe .. 199.
Not determinable on a single specimen.
7. Steatomys loveridgei, sp. n.
d. 201. Ast October, 1918. Type.
A small pale-coloured species with slender teeth.
Hairs of back little over 6 mm. in length. Colour very
much paler than in other species, the dorsal area near wood-
brown, the tips of the hairs pale avellaneous. Sides markedly
paler, the hairs with a whitish zone below the pale avellaneous
tips. Underside pure sharply defined white. Crown like
back; cheeks lighter, like flanks. ars large, a distinct
white patch behind and below their posterior base. Fore
limbs wholly white. Hind limbs white, with a narrow line
of the flank colour running down to the ankle. Tail white,
slightly darkened on the upper surface by the presence of a
few barely perceptible blackish hairs; its end quite white.
Skull, as compared with that of S. pratensis, much smaller,
narrower, and with very small brain-case. Molars decidedly
smaller and more slender.
Dimensions of the type :—
Head and body 77 mm.; tail 835; hind foot 15; ear 18.
Skull: greatest length 22°5; condylo-incisive length 20:3 ;
zygomatic breadth 10°5 ; nasals 9 ; interorbital breadth 3°6 ;
breadth of brain-case 10; palatilar length 10; palatal fora-
mina 0°2; upper molar series 3°4 ; breadth of m! 1-1.
This little “ fat-mouse ” is much smaller than S. pratenss,
and is probably most nearly allied to the S. menutus of
Angola. But its molars are more slender than in the latter,
with the anterior lamina of m’ more elongate, and externally
* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) i. p. 33 (1918).
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. a
34 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the
it is distinguishable by its paler colour, larger ears, and
practically white tail.
In naming it after Mr. Loveridge I wish to bear testimony
to the enthusiasm which resulted in the preparation of a small
mammal collection during the difficulties incidental to a
trying campaign.
8. Grammomys sp.
o- Avs:
This specimen has unfortunately lost its bulla, so that its
determination is doubtful ; but it is probably referable to
G. surdaster, Thos. & Wr.
V.—A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone.
By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S8.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
WHEN describing some new fishes discovered by Mr. N. W.
Thomas in these ‘ Annals’ in 1915 (ser. 8, vol. xv. p. 202), I
observed that the exploration of the freshwater fauna of
Sierra Leone had not received much attention, and that the
number of species of fishes with which I was then acquainted
amounted only to eighteen. Thanks to further collections
made shortly after by Mr. Thomas and quite recently by
Mr. A. F. Wingate, the number has now risen to fifty-eight,
and it is of interest to give a list of all the species which can
now be recorded :—
Polypteride.
_ Polypterus palmas, Ayres.
Lepidosirenidz.
Protopterus annectens, Ow.
Mormyride.
Petrocephalus simus, Sauy.
Isichthys henryt, Gill.
Marcusenius brachistius, Gill,
Gnathonenus mento, Blgr.
thomasi, Blgr.
Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone.
Notopteride.
Notopterus afer, Gthr.
Xenomystus nigri, Gthr.
Clupeide.
Pellonula leonensis, Blgr.
Characinide.
Sarcodaces odoé, Bl.
Alestes longipinnis, Gthr.
nurse, Rupp.
rutilus, Blgy.
macrolepidotus, C. & V.
Nannocharax fasciatus, Gthy.
ansorgi, Blgr.
Cyprinide.
Labeo obscurus, Pellegr.
Barbus spurrelli, Blgr.
leonensis, Blgr.
Barilius steindachnert, Blgy.
Siluride.
Clarias liberiensis, Stdr.
Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Lacep.
walkert, Gthr.
Auchenoglanis occidentalis, C. & V.
Noteglanidium thomast, Blegr.
Tiauchenoglanis maculatus, Bley.
Malopterurus electricus, Gm.
Cyprinodontide.
Fundulus sjoestedti, Lonnb.
Haplochilus fasciolatus, Gthr.
chaperi, Sauy.
—— spilauchen, A. Dum.
macrurus, Bley.
—— bifasciatus, Stdr.
annulatus, Blgr.
Scorpididz.
Psettus sebe, C.& V.
Gerridz.
Gerres melanopterus, Blk.
Cichlide.
Tilapia caudomarginata, Blgr.
macrocephala, Blkr.
—— melanopleura, A. Dum.
3%
30
36 Mr. R. E. Turner on the
Tilapia brevimanus, Blgr.
buettikofert, Hubr.
Paratilapia thomast, Blgr.
Pelmatochromis jentinki, Stdr.
intermedius, Blgr.
—— buettikoferi, Stdr.
humilis, Blgr.
pulcher, Bigr.
Hemichromis fasciatus, Peters.
bimaculatus, Gill.
Gobiida.
Eleotris lebreton, Stdr.
leonensis, Bler.
vittata, A. Dum.
Gobius maindroni, Sauv.
guineensis, Peters.
Anabantide.
Anabas kingsleye, Gthr.
Ophiocephalide.
Ophiocephalus obscurus, Gthr.
Mastacembelida.
Mastacembelus loennbergii, Blgr.
Vi.—WNotes on the Ichneumonide in the British Museum.—II.
By Rowtanp KE. Turner, F.Z.8., F.E.S.
Tribe ACG NITINI.
Chorischizus apicipennis, sp. Ne
Q. Castaneo-ferruginea; lobo mediano mesonoti apice, scutello
basi, segmento mediano basi late, abdomine, valvulisque terebre
nigris ; tergitis primo secundoque fascia angusta mediana apicall,
tergitis tertio, quarto, quintoque fascia interrupta apicali, post-
scutelloque apice angustissime flavis ; antennis in medio tarsisque
posticis infuscatis; alis hyalinis, anticis macula magna apicali
fusca, venis nigris.
Long. 10 mm. ; terebre long. 4 mm.; antennarum long. 6 mm.
@. Antenne 28-jointed ; third joint nearly twice as long
as the fourth ; the apical joint large, as long as the two
Ichneumonide: in the British Museum. on
penultimate joints combined. Mandibles bidentate at the
apex ; clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, closely punc-
tured; face closely and finely punctured, slightly raised
Jongitudinally in the middle and on the inner orbits. Eyes
parallel on the face, separated from the mandibles by a
distance distinctly exceeding the breadth of the mandibles at
their base. Front deeply concave in the middle, smooth and
shining, with a median carina reaching the anterior ocellus,
finely punctured along the inner orbits. Vertex shining,
very sparsely punctured, the head transverse, scarcely nar-
rowed behind the eyes. Notauli deep; mesonotum shining,
with a few fine scattered punctures, more closely punctured
on the middle of the median lobe; mesopleure finely and
rather sparsely punctured; scutellum smooth and shining,
with a deep, transverse, longitudinally striated groove at the
base; postscutellum strongly concave laterally. Median
segment short; areola rectangular, nearly twice as broad as
long, external areas well defined ; the apical slope of the
segment oblique, shining and almost smooth, with three
rather strong arched strie at the base; spiracles large, ellip-
tical. Abdomen smooth and shining ; first segment broadened
from the base, at least twice as long as its apical breadth ;
second segment at least twice as broad at the apex as long.
Radial cell at the apex further from the stigma than from the
apex of the wing; second recurrent nervure received well
beyond the transverse cubital nervure; nervulus prefureal ;
disco-cubital nervure with a distinct ramellus; nervellus
intercepted close to the middle. Hind legs long and stout;
cox sparsely, femora closely punctured ; hind metatarsus a
little shorter than the four apical tarsal joints combined ;
tarsal ungues very large. Hypopygium lanceolate, produced
beyond the apex of the abdomen.
flab. Yallingup,S.W. Australia; November 1913 (Turner).
Le
This differs structurally from the European Phenolobus
arator, Rossi, in the presence of a ramellus on the fore wing
and in sculpture, but can hardly be separated generically.
Subfamily Orazrowraz.
Tribe CAMPOPLEGINI.
Campoplea: negatus, sp. n.
@. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, palpis, tegulis, coxisque
38 Mr. R. E. Turner on the
trochanteribusque anticis flavis; pedibus anticis, coxis tro-
chanteribusque exceptis, intermediisque, coxis exceptis, ochra-
ceis; abdomine, supra sepe nigrolineato, pedibusque posticis,
coxis trochanteribusque exceptis, brunneo-ferrugineis ; alis sub-
hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fusco-ferrugineis ; terebre valvulis
nigris.
g. Femine similis; trochanteribus posticis brunneo-ferrugineis,
basi nigris.
Long., 9 15 mm., ¢ 12 mm.
9. Antenne 60-jointed, scarcely longer than the abdomen,
third joint a little less than twice as long as the fourth.
Mandibles broad, bidentate at the apex, the upper tooth
longer than the lower. Face and clypeus finely punctured-
granulate, sparsely covered with white pubescence. Hyes
separated from the mandibles by a distance less than half the
breadth of the mandibles at the base; front and vertex very
finely and closely punctured-granulate. Thorax very closely
and finely punctured ; notauli well marked in front, becoming
obsolete posteriorly. Median segment transversely rugulose,
very shallowly longitudinally impressed from base to apex 5
the external areas well defined apically, but not laterally ;
spiracles large, elongate. First tergite distinctly swollen at
the apex, more than half as long again as the second. Hind
calearia less than half as long as the metatarsus. Areolet
somewhat variable in shape, sometimes pointed on the radius,
sometimes showing a distinct radial margin, the cubital
margin with a distinct angle in the middle at the point of
reception of the second recurrent nervure. Nervulus rather
strongly postfurcal. Discoidella almost obsolete, nervellus
straight.
Hab. Mt. Wellington, 8. Tasmania, 2300 ft., January 15-
February 6, 1913 (Zurner),4 9 29,14. Haglehawk Neck,
S.. ‘Tasmania, February 1913 (Turner), 1 ?. Victoria
(C. French), 192,18. Hobart (J. J. Walker), 1.
Campoplea eatraneus, sp. Nn.
gd. Very close to C. negatus described above, but differs
in colour, the scape being fusco-ferruginous and the inter-
mediate and hind coxee ferruginous brown. ‘The areolet is
distinctly but very shortly petiolate.
Length 10-11 mm.
Antenne 52-jointed, as long as the whole insect.
Hab. Yallingup, S8.W. Australia; October (Turner).
236:
Ichneumonide in the British Museum. 39
Subfamily Cryprrva.
Tribe MESOSTENINI.
Buodias gilberti, sp. n.
@. Nigra; pedibus testaceis, posticis femoribus tibiisque apice
nigris ; tarsis posticis flavidulis, articulo apicali nigro; palpis
flavidulis; antennis 34-articulatis, articulis 7-14 albidis; alis
hyalinis, stigmate venisque nigris.
Long. 14 mm. ; terebra long. 5 mm. ; antennarum long. 12 mm.
@. Clypeus closely and rather finely pnnctured; face
sparsely punctured on the sides, punctured-rugose in the
middle; front concave, smooth and shining between and
above the antenne, finely transversely rugulose below the
anterior ocellus, with a distinct longitudinal carina, the sides
sparsely punctured. Vertex very finely and sparsely punc-
tured. Antenne filiform ; the third, fourth, and fifth joints
subequal, each nearly twice as long as the scape. Meso-
notum closely and not very finely punctured, parapsidal
furrows deep; scutellum convex and almost smooth in the
middle, the sides coarsely obliquely striated. Median segment
with a transverse carina, deeply emarginate posteriorly before
the middle, the base of the segment before the carina finely
rugulose, with a small basal area which is strongly narrowed
towards the apex ; spiracles rather small, oblong, the trans-
verse carina curved below them and running to the base of
the segment, thus forming a large enclosed area on each side;
beyond the carina the segment is coarsely obliquely rugose~
striate, with an almost obsolete strongly arched apical carina,
the apical angles produced into a short, blunt, subtriangular
spine; the posterior slope coarsely transversely rugose-
striate and slightly concave, the dorsal surface broader than
long. First tergite as long as the hind coxe plus two-thirds
of the first joint of the hind trochanters, the basal half forming
a slender petiole; second tergite about one-third longer than
its apical breadth, finely and rather closely punctured ; third
tergite broader than long, slightly narrowed to the apex and
minutely and closely punctured, as also are the remaining
tergites. Areolet small, four-sided, the first transverse
cubital nervure very short, only half as long as the second ;
recurrent nervure received close to the apex of the areolet.
Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner). 2 92 2.
Very near the Solomon Island species Mesostenus insularis,
Cam., but differs in the black apices of the hind femora and
40 Mr. R. E. Turner on the
tibie, in the paler hind tarsi, and in the distinctly longer
second tergite. The terebra is also distinctly longer than in
insularis. Also, but more distantly, related to B. unicolor,
Turn., from New Caledonia. Although faint indications of a
second transverse carina are present on the median segment
of this species, I consider it is better placed in Buodias than
in Mesostenus. But Cameron’s genera in the Cryptine are
often founded on small characters of doubtful value, and
Buodias may have to sink as a synonym of Mesostenoideus.
Xanthocryptus monticolus, sp. n.
. Fulvo-ferruginea; clypeo, labro, fronte fascia mediana longitu-
dinali supra dilatata, orbitis internis, orbitis externis latissime,
genis, pronoto linea ante alas, mesopleuris macula elevata infra
alas, scutello linea obliqua utrinque, lineaque apicali, antennis
articulis 7-11, tarsisque posticis articulo primo apice, secundo,
tertio, quartoque basi albo-flavidis; capite, antennis, valvulis
terebra, tarsisque posticis articulis primo, quintoque nigris; alis
hyalinis, venis nigris.
Long. 15 mm.; terebre long. 7 mm.; antennarum long. 13 mm,
9. Antenne 25-jointed, joints 83-5 very long and slender,
each more than twice as long as the sixth joint, all the joints
longer than broad. Mandibles strong, bidentate at the apex,
the outer tooth the longest. Labrum exposed, rounded at
the apex; clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, with a
minute tubercle in the middle of the apical margin. Hyes
very feebly converging towards the clypeus, the mandibles
separated from the eyes by a distance about equal to their
own basal breadth. Face and clypeus finely and not very
closely punctured ; the face less than twice as long as the
clypeus. Front and vertex microscopically punctured, the
front feebly concave. Thorax minutely punctured, notauli
deep and smooth ; scutellum not much raised, strongly
narrowed to the apex, with a smooth transverse depression at
the base; mesopleure finely striolate, smooth and shining
posterioly. Median segment minutely punctured at the base,
with a transverse carina arched in the middle and another
transverse carina at the base of the posterior slope, the space
between the caring very coarsely obliquely striated, the poste-
rior slope less coarsely obliquely striated; the dorsal surface
twiee as broad as long, without spines at the angles ; the sides
of the segment finely punctured ; spiracles large, elongate-
ovate. Abdomen very finely shagreened ; first segment very
narrow at the base, the spiracles situated behind the middle,
Ichneumonidee in the British Museum. 41
much nearer to each other than to the apex of the segment,
behind the spiracles the segment broadens rapidly to the
apex; second segment a little longer than its apical breadth ;
third twice as broad as long; hypopygium short, not reaching
the apex of the abdomen. Hind legs long and rather stout ;
hind metatarsus as long as the four apical tarsal joints com-
bined ; ungues large, simple. Areolet very small, rectangular,
a little longer than high; the second transverse cubital
nervure not developed, but represented by a faint cloud ;
nervulus prefurcal ; nervellus intercepted just below the
middle.
Hab. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania ; January 1913 (Turner).
12.
This genus was founded by Cameron in 1901 for a species
from New Britain, and later he added species from New
Guinea and the Solomons. From these the present species
differs in details of colour and sculpture and in the presence
of an apical carina on the dorsal surface of the median seg-
ment. I have never taken a species of this genus in Australia,
but apparently Mesostenus physoscelus, Brullé, described from
Australia, should be placed here. I think Cameron was
probably correct in placing this genus in the Mesostenini,
though it is somewhat aberrant,
Tribe HEMITELINI.
Camptolyne froggatti, sp. n.
Q . Ferruginea; capite, segmentisque abdominalibus quinto sequenti-
busque nigris, quarto etiam plerumque nigro; tergitis apice
pallide flavo-marginatis; antennis brunneo-ferrugineis, apice
nigris ; femoribus posticis apice, tibiis posticis, basi albo-annu-
latis, tarsis posticis valvulisque terebre nigris; alis hyalinis,
anticis posticisque ante apicem latissime fusco-fasciatis, venis
nigris, stigmate nigro, basi flavo-maculato.
3. Femine similis ; mesonoto, scutelloque lateribus fuscis ; tergito
tertio nigro, apice late albido-marginato, angulis apicalibus in
dente fortiter productis ; tergitis quarto sequentibusque albidis,
lateribus nigro-maculatis.
Long., 2 6°5, ¢ 5 mm.
?. Head transverse, narrowed behind the eyes; front and
vertex very closely punctured-rugulose. Antenne nearly as
long as the whole insect ; the third and fourth joints equal in
length, each almost twice as long as the scape. Mesonotum
irregularly rugulose, transversely and with interspersed
42 Mr. R. E. Turner on the
punctures anteriorly, obliquely and more coarsely posteriorly ;
the notauli distinct, meeting each other beyond the middle of
the segment, which is feebly depressed in the middle poste-
riorly. Scutellum longitudinally rugose-striate ; with a deep
transverse depression at the base, in which are several longi-
tudinal carine ; the sides of the scutellum with marginal
carine, the apex narrowly rounded. Median segment short,
rugose, with a transverse carina at the apex, the areas
obliterated by the coarse sculpture, the sides of the segment
clothed with pale hairs. Abdomen coarsely longitudinally
striated ; first tergite subsessile, a little longer than its apical
breadth ; the spiracles situated near the middle of the lateral
margins, a curved carina connecting them ; second tergite
broadly transversely depressed before the apex, nearly twice
as broad as long; third tergite more shallowly transversely
depressed behind the middle, as long as the second segment ;
the apical seements small. ‘Terebra very short, the valvulz
projecting very little beyond the apex of the abdomen.
Second transverse cubital nervure missing ; nervulus a little
prefureal. Nervellus elbowed and intercepted just below the
middle.
Hab. Moree, New South Wales, February—April (Frog-
gatt);2 9 2%. Mackay, Queensland, October—May (Turner) ;
1g, 429. Hermannsburg, Central Australia (Hl. J.
Hillier); 1 2.
The genus was founded by Cameron in 1911 for three
species from Ceylon and India, which are closely related to
the Australian species. The spines on the male abdomen are
on the third tergite in this species, not on the fourth, as stated
by Cameron in the description of his species.
Camptolynx ruficornis, sp. n.
@. Nigra; mandibulis, palpis tegulisque flavis; antennis, seg-
mentis abdominalibus tribus basalibus pedibusque rufo-testaceis ;
alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, anticis fascia fusca sub stigmate yenam
recurrentem non superante, stigmate dimidio basali flavo.
Long. 6 mm.
@. Antenne 27-jointed; the basal joints long, the third
and fourth each nearly twice as long as the scape. Face very
finely and closely punctured, convex in the middle ; front
and vertex finely punctured-rugulose. Mesonotum closely
obliquely striate, the median lobe deeply separated from the
lateral and extending nearly to the posterior margin, with a
narrow, impressed, longitudinal line. Scutellum iregularly
Ichneumonide in the British Aluseum. 43
rugose-striate longitudinally, with distinct lateral carine.
Median segment short, rugulose, with a small basal area
which is narrowed towards the apex ; the apical carina forms
part of an arched carina which is continued in the lateral
carine of the posterior slope ; spiracles small and rounded.
First tergite a little longer than its apical breadth, subsessile,
longitudinally striated, with a curved groove joining the two
spiracles, which are as far from the apex of the segment as
from each other. Second tergite nearly twice as broad at the
apex as long, granulate, with a coarsely longitudinally striated
groove before the apex ; third tergite coarsely granulate at
the base, with a broad curved groove beyond the middle, the
segment beyond the groove closely longitudinally striated ;
fourth tergite delicately longitudinally striated; fifth and
sixth tergites shining, finely punctured ; apical segment
whitish and smooth. Valvulee projecting about 1 mm. beyond
the apex of the abdomen. Transverse cubital nervure very
short; nervulus slightly pre-furcal. The fuscous band of the
fore wing is much narrower than in C. froggatti, and reaches
from the middle of the stigma to the middle of radial cell,
and thence crosses the wing, not quite reaching the lower
margin.
Hab. Mackay, Queensland ; September, March, and April
(Turner). 5 29%.
In a specimen from Moree, New South Wales, taken by
Froggatt in March 1918 the fuscous band of the fore wing is
almost entirely obliterated.
Subfamily Tryrexonra.
Tribe THY MARINI.
(demopsis hobartensis, sp. n.
Q@. Nigra; capite, thorace, postscutello excepto, pedibusque anticis
rufis; antennis 34-articulatis, nigris, articulis 17-18 albis;
abdomine subtus albido-variegato, tergitis 3-7 apice anguste albo-
marginatis ; alis subhyalinis, iridescentibus, venis nigris, stigmate
fusco-ferrugineo,
3. Femine similis.
Long. 6 mm.; terebre long. 1 mm.; ¢, long. 6-7 mm.
_ 92. Head subglobose; eyes almost parallel on the inner
margins, sparsely covered with short hairs. Antenne filiform,
distinctly shorter than the whole insect ; front finely and
closely punctured. Clypeus very large, divided into two
portions by an arched carina, which is intercepted in the
44 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.
middle by a small semicircular depression, the basal portion
porrect, the apical portion strongly deflexed; mandibles
bidentate at the apex, the upper tooth the longest. Thorax
minutely punctured, the notauli deep and finely crenulate ;
scutellum with a rather shallow, transverse, closely longitu-
dinally striated groove at the base. Median segment coarsely —
rugose ; areola rather ill-defined, long and narrow; petiolar
area short. Abdomen elongate, narrow; the three basal
segments longer than broad and punctured-rugulose ; the’
first tergite longitudinally striated at the base, more than
three times as long as its apical breadth; second tergite twice
as long as its apical breadth ; apical tergites shining, minutely
punctured. Neuration not differing from typical Gdemopsis.
&. Antenne a little longer than the whole insect, with
two or three more joints than in the female, and without a
white ring. First tergite more coarsely striated than in the
female. Clypeus nearly flat, as long as the face, not divided
by a carina.
Hab. Baglehawk Neck, S.E. Tasmania, February 1913
(Turner); 1 2. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, March 12-21,
1913 (Turner); 23.
This is the first record of this small genus from the Aus-
tralian region. I follow Thomson in placing the genus in
the Tryphoninz, though some authors consider that it is
better placed among the Pimplinee. Morley’s amendment of
the generic name to G7dematopsis appears to me unnecessary.
VII.—WNotes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—X XXVIII. On
new Ethiopian Species. By Rowuanp KE. TurRNER, F.Z.S.,
F.E.S.
Family Scoliide.
Subfamily Hzmrmz.
Elis (Mesa) fusiformis, sp. n.
6. Niger; mandibulis apice fusco-ferrugineis; segmento abdo-
minali septimo, tergitoque sexto apice ferrugineis; femoribus,
tibiis tarsisque brunneo-ferrugineis ; tergitis 2-5 fascia apicali
bisinuata, sternitisque 2-4 macula parva apicali utrinque sordide
luteis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis.
Long. 10 mm.
Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 45
3. Clypeus short and broad, very broadly rounded at the
apex, closely punctured-rugulose and clothed with whitish
hairs. Head closely and strongly punctured, the front rugose,
interantennal prominence strongly raised, broad and emar-
ginate at the apex. Antennze moderately stout, about 7 mm.
in length, third and fourth joints of the flagellum subequal,
each at least half as Jong again as the second, the first almost
concealed, the four subapical joints feebly arcuate beneath.
HKyes shallowly emarginate on the middle of the inner margin.
Thorax closely and not very coarsely punctured ; pronotum
as long asthe scutellum, feebly narrowed anteriorly. Median
segment very closely and rather strongly punctured-rugose,
the whole thorax and median segment clothed with whitish
hairs, very sparsely on the dorsal surface, more closely on
the sides. Abdomen shallowly, but not very finely punc-
tured ; the petiole of the first segment half as long as its
strongly broadened apical portion, second segment as long as
the first without the petiole, nearly twice as broad at the apex
as at the base, the third segment the broadest. Seventh
tergite longitudinally striated, the apex smooth, with a deep
but very narrow apical siit ; hypopygium forming the usual
recurved aculeus, but shorter than in most species of the
genus. Hind tibie serrate. Third abscissa of the radius a
little longer than the second, much longer tian the fourth.
Hab. Kraaifontein, Cape Colony (Lightfoot).
‘Type in the South African Museum.
A rather aberrant species in the fusiform shape of the
abdomen, and in the sculpture and apical slit of the seventh
tergite.
Family Sphegide.
Subfamily Ampozicrv#.
Ampulex toroensis, sp. 0.
Q. Viridi-ceerulea ; mandibulis, palpis, flagello articulis 3-11,
secundoque apice, tarsisque articulis duobus apicalibus nigris ;
alis fusco-hyalinis, fusco obscure bifasciatis.
3. Femine similis, antennis tarsisque omnino nigris,
Long., 2 20 mm., ¢ 13 mm.
2. Carina of the clypeus produced into a short blunt tooth
at the apex, with a blunt tooth on each side. Head produced
and strongly narrowed behind the eyes; the frontal carinze
prominent, not nearly reaching the level of the anterior
ocellus; vertex coarsely punctured, with distinct transverse
46 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.
strise posteriorly ; front rather less coarsely punctured, the
area between the frontal carinze with a tendency to oblique
striation. Second joint of the flagellum twice as long as the
third, the latter less than three times as long as its apical
breadth. Eyes strongly convergent towards the vertex,
where they are separated by a distance equal to about three-
quarters of the length of the second joint of the flagellum.
Pronotum nearly as broad in the middle as long, produced
posteriorly into a strong tubercle, transversely stiiated in
the middle, smooth at the base and apex, not punctured,
propleuree smooth. Mesonotum sparsely, scutellum very
sparsely, mesopleure rather more closely punctured, the
scutellum with the usual transverse crenulated groove at the
base. Median segment transversely striated, the second
carina nearly twice as far from the median carina as from the
third at the base, the apical area of the dorsal surface not well
defined, the teeth at the apical angles strong and subtriangular.
Abdomen smooth and shining, second tergite as long as its
greatest breadth. Fourth tarsal joint half as long as the fifth
and fully as long as the third in the middle ; hind tibize very
sparsely punctured. Fourth abscissa of the radius about half
as long as the second transverse cubital nervure, first trans-
verse cubital nervure indicated, but subobsolete.
g. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, without teeth,
and rather densely clothed with grey hairs. Head coarsely
punctured, the frontal carine produced posteriorly and meeting
behind the anterior ocellus, the space between them with
distinct oblique strie and a median longitudinal carina.
Second joint of flagellum more than half as long again as the
third ; eyes less strongly convergent towards the vertex than
in the female, separated by a distance scarcely less than the
length of the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax rather
more closely punctured than in the female, the pronotum with
distinct punctures. Abdomen closely and strongly punctured ;
the third tergite sparsely clothed with cinereous hairs.
Hab. Fort Portal Road, Mbarara, Southern Toro, Uganda
Protectorate, 2800-4200 ft., October 22-24, 1911 (S. A.
Neave); 19%. Tigger, Uganda, October 3, 1901 (C. S.
Betton); 1.
Somewhat resembles A. crawshayi, ‘Turn., but in that
species (2) the mandibles are red, the wings almost hyaline,
the head not produced posteriorly and scarcely narrowed
bebind the eyes ; the frontal carinze meet behind the anterior
ocellus, and the front tarsal joint is shorter, in addition to
other differences. ‘The female is the type.
Type in British Museum.
Mr. R. EB. Turner on Lossorial Hymenoptera. 47
Ampulex cyanura, Kohl.
Ampulex cyanura, Kohl, Ann, naturh. Hofmus. Wien, viii. p. 471
(1893). 9.
Ampulex africana, Cam. Rec, Albany Mus. i. p. 256 (1905). ¢.
Ampulex nitidicollis, sp. n.
Q. Viridis ; mandibulis, flagello articulis 3-11 secundoque dimidio
apicali, tarsisque, articulo basali excepto, nigris; alis fusco-
hyalinis, fusco obscure bivittatis.
Long. 19 mm,
9. Clypeus broadly rounded anteriorly, strongly longitu-
dinally carinate in the middle, without Jateral teeth. Eyes
strongly convergent towards the vertex, where they are sepa-
rated by a distance scarcely exceeding three-quarters of the
length of the second joint of the flagellum. Head not pro-
duced behind the eyes and not much narrowed posteriorly,
very minutely and closely punctured, with a few larger but
shallow scattered punctures ; the two frontal carine parallel
and not nearly reaching the Jevel of the anterior ocellus.
Pronotum fully as long as its median breadth, narrowed
anteriorly, without strize, with a few scattered punctures,
depressed and subconcave anteriorly, raised and subtubercu-
late in the middle posteriorly, without a distinct median
sulcus. Mesonotum and scutellum very sparsely punctured.
Median segment nearly as long as its median breadth, strongly
transversely striated, the strie closer and finer between the
second and third lateral carinw than elsewhere, the second
carina at least half as far again from the median at the base
as from the third, the three median carine not extending to
the apex and leaving a well-defined apical area; the teeth at
the apical angles of the segment broad and not very long,
slightly curved, and not very acute at the apex. Abdomen
almost smooth ; second tergite fully as long as its greatest
breadth, the sides only slightly convex ; segments 4—6 rather
strongly compressed laterally. Fourth joint of the hind tarsi
less than halt as long as the fifth and much shortcr than the
third ; hind tibiz very sparsely punctured on the outer side.
Fourth abscissa of the radius scarcely half as long as the
second transverse cubital nervure; first transverse cubital
nervure present, but not quite as strong as the second.
Hab. Damba Island, Victoria Nyauza; October 8, 1918
(C. G. Gowdey).
Type in British Museum.
In many points this resembles A. splendidula, Kohl, but
48 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.
the eyes are much closer together on the vertex than described
in that species, the fourth joint of the hind tarsi is shorter,
and there are no lateral teeth on the clypeus. The sculpture,
however, seems to be very similar.
Subfamily Spzzcrvz.
Sphex (Coloptera) crassifemoralis, sp. n.
3. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, flagello articulis sex basalibus,
pronoto lateribus, callis humeralibus, tegulis, mesonoto utrinque
ante tegulas, petiolo subtus, sternitis, in medio nigro-suffusis,
tergito septimo, pedibusque ferrugineis; femoribus, trochante-
ribus intermediis posticisque coxisque posticis, supra nigris ;
tibiis posticis supra nigrolineatis; alis sordide flavo-hyalinis,
apice leviter infumatis, venis ferrugineis ; pronoto mesonotoque
fortiter transverse striatis; scutello postscutelloque fortiter
longitudinaliter striatis, convexis, haud lamellato-productis ;
tergito septimo apice late truncato.
Long. 22 mm.
3. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, broader than
long. Hyes distinctly, but not very strongly convergent
towards the clypeus ; posterior ocelli nearly half as far again
from the eyes as from each other, and twice as far from the
hind margin of the head as from each other. Head strongly
narrowed behind the eyes, the clypeus and front densely
clothed with pale golden pubescence. Propleuree coarsely
rugulose ; mesopleures and sides of median segment irregu-
larly obliquely striated, coarsely punctured between the
strize ; a broad band of pale golden pubescence on the meso-
pleurze behind, a patch of the same below the humeral calli,
and a patch on each side of the median segment at the apex.
Dorsal surface of the median segment coarsely obliquely
striate-reticulate. First joint of petiole a little shorter than
the hind femur and trochanter combined ; second tergite sub-
triangular, a little longer than its apical breadth. Hind
femur stout and massive as compared with the allied species ;
pulvillus large.
Hab. Southern slopes of Mt. Elgon, 5100 to 5800 ft. CS. A.
Neave), June 8-13, 1911; Valley of Nzoia River, N. Kavi-
rondo, 5100-5400 ft. (S. A. Meave), June 5-7, 1911.
Nearly allied to S. saussurei, Buyss., and S. tuberculiseutis,
Turn., but is a more robust species, and differs in the simple
scutellum and postscutellum, which are produced in a lamelli-
form manner in the two species mentioned. The clypeus is
very ditferent to that of tuberculiscutis g, also the pronotum,
and the petiole is shorter.
Type in British Museum.
Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial [lymenoptera. 49
Subfamily Purcanrary 2.
- Cerceris representans, sp. 1).
©. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo, facie lateribus latis-
sime, carina interantennali, orbitis externis fascia angusta ad
marginem posteriorem capitis late producta, pronoto fascia inter-
rupta, tegulis, scutello macula magna utrinque, postscutello, seg-
mento mediano macula maxima utrinque, tergito primo macula
magna utrinque, tergitis 2-5 fascia lata antice emarginata, coxis
posticis supra, trochanteribus posticis, femoribus tibiisque subtus
flavis; antennis, dimidio apicali supra infuscatis, femoribus
tibiisque supra tarsisque ferrugineo-testaceis; area pygidiali
ferruginea ; sternitis 2-5 utrinque macula magna flava, quinto
sextoque testaceis ; alis subhyalinis, apice leviter infumatis, venis
ferrugineis.
Long. 13 mm.
2. Mandibles with a large triangular tooth on the middle
of the inner margin, blunt at the apex. Clypeus with a
porrect lamella, which is free from the base, gradually nar-
rowed towards the truncate apex and nearly twice as long
as the apical breadth ; the portion of the clypeus below the
lamella short and transverse at the apex. Antennee inserted
about four times as far from the anterior ocellus as from the
base of the clypeus, interantennal carina well developed,
second joint of the flagellum half as long again as the third.
Head large, broader than the thorax, closely punctured, the
front with a tendency to longitudinal striation. Mesonotum
and scutellum irregularly longitudinally striate, punctured
between the striae; mesopleure closely punctured, not tuber-
culate. Median segment closely punctured; the basal area
more or less strongly obliquely striated, with a low longi-
tudinal carinain the middle. First tergite broader than long,
second sternite without an elevated basal area; all the tergites
sparsely punctured, the sternites more finely punctured ;
pygidial area granulate, almost parallel-sided, only a little
narrowed at the base, nearly three times as long as the
greatest breadth.
Hab. Masai Reserve, British Hast Africa, May 20, 1913
(T. J. Anderson). 2 9? 2.
In colouring this approaches the European C. ferreri,
Lind., but is easily distinguished by the straight apex of the
lamella of the clypeus, the sparse sculpture of the abdomen,
the shape of the pygidial area, and the yellow spots on the
seutellum. It is not at all nearly related to any of the
Ethiopian species of this group described by Dr. Brauns.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 4
50 Geological Society.
Cerceris barbifera, Bisch.
Cerceris barbifera, Bisch. Deutsch. Zentr. Afrik. Exp, iii., Zool. i. p. 222
(1911). 9:
? Cerceris bagandarum, Turn, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ii. p. 465
(1918). ¢ 9.
I think these are identical, but the median lobe of the
clypeus in bagandarum is much broader and shorter than in
Bischoff’s figure, which also omits the large triangular tooth
on the inner side of the mandibles. These differences may be
due to inaccuracies in the figure, as otherwise the description
of barbifera agrees well with bagandarum. As I have pre-
viously suggested, I look on this and also on C. sodalis,
Turn., as subspecies of C. diodonta, Schlett.
PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
December 18th, 1918.—Mr. G, W. Lamplugh, F.R.S.,
President, in the Chair.
The following communication was read :—
‘On a Bed of Interglacial Loess and some Pre-Glacial Fresh-
water Clays on the Durham Coast.’ By Charles Taylor Trechmann,
D.Sce., F.G.S.
A few years ago the Author described a bed of Scandinavian
drift that was found filling up a small pre-Glacial valley-like
depression at Warren-House Gill on the Durham coast. This
section and others north and south of it have been kept under
observation at different times, and several new features have been
noticed as the high tides and other agencies exposed parts of the
coast.
Towards the southern end of the old pre-Glacial valley at
Warren-House Gill a bed of material, varying from 4 to 12 feet in
thickness, was found overlying the Magnesian Limestone and also
the Scandinavian drift. This material has been carefully examined
chemically and microscopically, and proves to be identical in
chemical and physical characters with a sample of the true Con-
tinental loess. It is light brown or fawn in colour, very porous
and extremely finely divided, and is devoid of plasticity. Towards
the base, where it has not been disturbed since it was laid down,
it contains a number of rounded and elongated, often very hard,
calcareous concretions. In the cliff-section it shows little or no
trace of bedding, but tends to break down along vertical clefts and
eracks. It passes upwards into a few feet of material that consists
of loess which has been partly redeposited by water, and is mixed
with sand, gravel, and other material derived from the Scandinavian
drift.
The bed of loess and redeposited loess-like drift has suffered
Geological Society. 5I
much decalcification and weathering; near its surface there was a
large boulder of Norwegian titaniferous syenite which was super-
ficially rotted, and decomposed to a considerable depth. Smaller
granitic erraties in the redeposited loess are generally very much
rotted. The limestone rubble and stones beneath the loess are
strongly calereted, apparently by material leached out of the loess.
In a fissure beneath the loess some mammalian bones were col-
lected, including astragali of two species of Cervus. It is argued
that the formation and subsequent decalcification of the loess
deposit lying upon the Seandinavian drift indicates an Interglacial
lapse of considerable duration, as great as that which Continental
geologists call an Interglacial Period, before the overlying English
and Scottish drift was deposited.
About 2 miles south of the Scandinavian drift-bed several
fissures occur in the Magnesian Limestone cliffs and on the fore-
shore, filled with various materials that were transported in front
of the earliest ice-sheet that advanced upon this part of the coast.
The Author has already recorded the occurrence in these fissures
of Upper Permian red and grey marls and dolomites with clay and
peaty trees. Continued examination of two of the fissures where
they are exposed between tide-marks on the shore, resulted in the
finding of a quantity of freshwater mollusca, ostracoda, and fish-
remains. Some mammalian remains also occurred, including those
of an elephant (probably Elephas meridionalis) and of a vole
(AMimomys).
Vegetable matter has been washed from various parts of the
clay. A large number of seeds came from.a single patch of clay,
and prove to be of Teglian age: they seem to represent a pre-
Glacial flora, half of the species of which are either exotie or
extinct. Seeds from other parts of the deposit appear to indicate
a later horizon, and contain mainly living forms.
The deposit is a mixed one, and seems to have belonged to a
series of late Pliocene and early Pleistocene beds that occupied
part of the present area of the North Sea and were torn up by the
advancing ice-sheet, like a great glacial erratic, and thrust into the
fissures.
The fact that the Scandinavian drift in Durham contains only
stones of Scandinavian origin has been confirmed, and the marine
Arctic shells that occur in it were further collected and a few
additions to the faunal list were made. The most interesting of
these is Cyrtodaria siliqua Spengler, an American shell which
has been recorded hitherto in Great Britain only from the Caith-
ness Boulder Clays.
All the deposits described above are overlain and overridden by
the main mass of local Cheviot and Northern drift that caps the
cliffs of the Durham coast.
A suggested correlation of the Durham sequence with the
European drifts is attempted, and it is concluded that the fringe
of the Scandinavian ice-cap that reached the Durham coast pro-
bably corresponds with that of the second and greatest glaciation
52 Geological Society.
of Scandinavia, which some Continental geologists correlate with
the Riss Stage of the Alps.
In that ease, the main local drift of the north-eastern coast falls
into the third and last Glacial Period of Northern Europe. ‘The
evidence for Interglacial lapses in the local drifts is very in-
conclusive.
All the observed features seem to point to the fact that the
Scandinavian ice-sheet advanced on the east coast of England in
the same way as it invaded Northern Europe round the southern
shores of the Baltic, and gave rise to analogous climatic conditions
leading to the formation of loess, a fragment of which is found
protected from the erosive action of the later local glaciation in a
small hollow on the Durham coast.
June 4th, 1919.—Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.RS.,
President, in the Chair.
The following communication was read :—
‘On the Dentition of the Petalodont Shark, Climaxodus.’
By Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., P.L.S., F.G.S.
The author describes the nearly complete dentition of a new
species of Climaxodus from the Calciferous Sandstone of Calder-
side, near Hast Kilbride (Lanarkshire), now in the Royal Scottish
Museum, Edinburgh. Nearly all the teeth are borne on the
symphysis of the jaw, only the outer paired longitudinal series
extending a little farther back over the rami. There are from
three to five longitudinal series, each of five or six teeth of the
ordinary Climaxodus-type, covering the greater part of the sym-
physis; and the flanking paired series, which extends farther
back, comprises more depressed teeth, in which the cutting-edge
forms a low blunt ridge. The two jaws are nearly similar; but, as
in Janassa, the upper seems to have been slightly wider than the
lower jaw. The teeth rapidly increase in size backwards, also as
in Janassa, but they must have been all retained in the mouth
throughout life; while in Janassa only a single transverse row
would be in function at one time, the older teeth being thrust
beneath to form a supporting base. Climavodus and Janassa
are thus two distinct genera. These Petalodonts are especially
noteworthy among the Elasmobranchii, because during the greater
part of the life of each individual there cannot have been more
than six or eight teeth in succession, a condition remarkably
different from. that in all ordinary sharks and skates in which
the successional teeth are always very numerous and rapidly
replaced. The same limited tooth-succession is to be observed
in the Carboniferous Cochliodontide, and perhaps also in the
contemporaneous Psammodontidee. Most of the teeth of Cl7-
maxodus are also interesting as showing a restricted area of
highly vascular dentine much resembling a tritor in the dental
plate of an ordinary Chimeroid. This character in Elasmobranch
teeth which are peculiar for their slow and scanty succession, may
have some special significance in connexion with the origin of the
Chimeeroids.
KK
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
(NINTH SERIES, ]
No. 20. AUGUST 1919.
VIII.—Deseriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Grorer F. Hampson,
Bart., F.Z.S., &e.
(Continued from vol. iii. p. 547.]
(24) Diatrea flavilinealis, sp. n.
do. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with dark brown,
the last with some fulvous yellow on dorsum towards base ; palpi,
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with dark
brown. Fore wing white tinged with brown and irrorated with
rather large black-brown scales ; an orange-yellow line curved from
costa beyond middle to lower angle of cell, then oblique to middle
of inner margin ; an orange-yellow subterminal line ; cilia white at
base, with fuscous line near base, the tips yellowish mixed with
dark brown. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale reddish brown,
the cilia whiter. Underside suffused with pale red-brown.
Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mlanje Plateau, 6500’ (Neave), 16
type. EHxp.16 mm.
(26) Diatrea perpulverea, sp. n.
¢. Head and thorax white mixed with some dark reddish brown ;
abdomen white tinged with brown ; antenne brown, white above ;
palpi reddish brown mixed with black. Fore wing white tinged
with reddish brown and thickly irrorated with dark brown;
indistinct curved dark medial and subterminal lines; a terminal
Ann. ds Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 5
54 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
series of black points. Hind wing glossy white with a fine dark
terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and costal area of
hind wing suffused with reddish brown.
Hab. N. Nieerta, Minna (Macfie), 3 o type. Exp. 20 mm.
(28) Diatrea argyrolepia, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax fulvous yellow tinged with dark brown ;
abdomen whitish tinged with ochreous brown; palpi suffused with
dark brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused
with ochreous brown. Fore wing fulvous yellow irrorated with
black-brown and metallic silver scales; some dark brown suffusion
on basal costal area and more or less distinct dark streaks on basal
area above and below discal and submedian folds; a more or less
complete medial series of small black spots with metallic silver
scales on them defined on outer side by a fulvous line, excurved to
lower angle of cell, then incurved ; the postmedial area with black
streaks in the interspaces or black suffusion irrorated with silver
scales except towards costa and inner margin; a curved fulvous
yellow subterminal line defined on outer side by black points with
silver scales on them; a terminal series of small black spots
intersected by yellow on the veins; cilia fuscous suffused with
metallic silver. Hind wing creamy white faintly tinged with
brown; a terminal series of slight black striz to vein 2. Under-
side suffused with dark reddish brown except on inner area of hind
wing.
@. Fore wing yellow diffused with rufous and irrorated with
dark brown, without the dark suffusion and streaks, the medial
series of spots sometimes almost obsolete, the subterminal series
and the terminal series of points distinct; the underside of fore
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown
except on terminal area.
Hab. Goutp Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 6,3 9, Kumasi
(Sanders), 1 9 ; 8S. Nigerta (Dudgeon), 1 9 ; Br. E. Arrica,
Victoria Nyanza, Port Ugowe (Johnston), 1 2 ; Br. C. Arrica,
Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 2 5, 4 2 type; PorrucuEsE EK. Arrica,
Port Amelia (Beste), 1 ¢, Kola Valley (Neave), 2 9, Ruo Valley
(Neave), 1 9 ; Natvat,1 2, Weenen, 1d, Durban (Leigh),1 9;
Care Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett), 13,192. xp.
3 20, 9 20-80 mm.
(29) Diatrea mesoplagalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax pale ochreous, the patagia irrorated with black ;
abdomen creamy white tinged with ochreous ; antenne blackish
except above ; palpi with black mixed; legs irrorated with black.
Fore wing pale ochreous irrorated with black, the inner and
terminal areas less strongly irrorated, the costal area tinged with
rufous; a curved maculate medial band from just below costa to
submedian fold irrorated with silver defined by black and with a
patch of black suffusion beyond it; two slight black discoidal spots
Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 55
and the veins beyond the cell defined by slight black streaks; a
eurved punctiform silver subterminal line; a terminal series of
minute black lunules ; cilia with fuscous and silvery scales mixed
and with a slight black line near base. Hind wing silvery white.
Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with
red-brown.
Hab. Sterra Leone (Olements), 2 3 type; N. Niagerta,
Ilorin (Macfie), 1 2, Zungeru (Macfie), 3 9; Uacanna,
Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole),1 29. Hup., d 22, 2 26 mm.
(31) Diatrea argentisparsalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax yellow mixed with red-brown; abdomen
ereamy white, the ventral surface yellowish. Fore wing yellow
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with a few black-brown and
silver seales ; a small black discoidal spot and two minute brown
and silver spots below end of cell with a fulvous bar on their outer
side; an indistinct curved fulvous subterminal line; a terminal
series of minute black spots; cilia blackish mixed with silver.
Hind wing glossy white slightly tinged with ochreous. Underside
of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red-
brown.
Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 3 5,1 Q type;
MasHonatann (Dobbie), 1 9. Hxp., 3.18, 9 20-22 mm.
(32) Diatrea perfusalis, sp. n.
Q@. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with deep red-brown ;
abdomen brownish white; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen suffused with red-brown. Fore wing yellowish strongly
suffused with deep red-brown ; two small almost conjoined black
discoidal spots with a diffused dark brown fascia from them to
the indistinct rather diffused curved dark subterminal line; a
terminal series of minute black spots. Hind wing creamy white
with a slight brown terminal line to submedian fold. Underside
of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red-
brown.
Hab. S. Ni@erta, Yorubaland, Ogbomoso (Sir G. Carter),
2 2 type. Hap. 26 mm.
(33) Diatrea costifusalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax creamy white mixed with black; abdomen
creamy white, the ventral surface brown ; pectus and legs suffused
‘with red-brown. Fore wing creamy white tinged with rufous, the
costal area broadly suffused with bright red-brown; the basal area
below the cell sparsely irrorated with large dark brown and silvery
scales and the inner margin towards tornus irrorated with black-
brown ; a small spot formed by blackish and silvery scales in
middle of cell and a curved medial series of similar spots between
subcostal nevure and vein 1; two small black discoidal spots ; a
5*
56 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
subterminal series of minute silver and black spots, hardly traceable
on costal half; a terminal series of small black spots; cilia black
mixed with whitish. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 ¢,1 Q type.
Exp. 26 mm.
Genus CHILOPSIS, nov.
Type, C. squamata.
Proboscis small; palpi obliquely porrect, extending about the
length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi triangularly
dilated with scales; frons smooth, with small tuft of hair;
antenne of male minutely serrate and fasciculate; tibie fringed
with rather long hair. Fore wing narrow, the costa slightly
arched, the apex somewhat produced, the termen obliquely curved ;
vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle,
the discocellulars curved; 6, 7 very shortly stalked or from cell;
8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell; the cell on underside clothed with
long scales. Hind wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell;
4, 5 from angle or stalked; the discocellulars angled; 6, 7 from
from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.
Chilopsis squamata, sp. n.
do. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with red-brown, the
patagia with a few black scales; abdomen red-brown to beyond
middle, then ochreous suffused with red-brown, the ventral surface
ochreous irrorated with brown. Fore wing ochreous suffused with
red-brown and irrorated with large raised black-tipped scales, the
costal area browner; an indistinct diffused slightly sinuous and
very oblique brown line from just beyond the cell to inner margin
before middle; a more distinct diffused oblique postmedial brown
line, slightly excurved below veins 7 and 2; a terminal series of
minute black spots; cilia tipped with black except towards tornus.
Hind wing ochreous whitish tinged with brown, the inner area
suffused with deep red-brown; a brown postmedial shade; a
brown terminal line; cilia with a brown line through them; the
underside with small black-brown discoidal spot, the postmedial
line obsolescent below vein 5.
Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo,1 ¢ type. Exp. 64 mm.
Doratoperas vinasella, Schaus, from Costa Rica, belongs to the
same genus, also Chilo incanellus, Hampson, from Brazil, and
C. nigristigmellus, Hampson, from Brazil.
(1 6) Chilo albimarginalis, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen whitish tinged with rufous, the last
with subventral series of dark brown points except towards
extremity. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale rufous and
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 57
sparsely irrorated with large dark brown scales, the costal area
rather whiter, the terminal area white irrorated with dark brown ;
black points at middle of costa, at upper angle of cell, and middle
of discocellulars ; a postmedial series of blackish striz, oblique to
vein 7, excurved to below vein 5, then very oblique to middle of
inner margin with a slight angle inwards at submedian fold; a
subterminal series of blackish strie, bent outwards below costa,
forming a short streak to the postmedial series at discal fold, and
strongly incurved below vein 3; a terminal series of black points.
Hind wing whitish suffused with pale red-brown, the costal area
white to near apex; a terminal series of dark brown stria except
towards tornus; cilia white. Underside of fore wing whitish
suffused with brown except on inner area, the subterminal series
of strie present but almost obsolete below vein 3; hind wing white
slightly tinged with brown, a brownish subterminal line to vein 2,
bent inwards to costa where there is a black point.
Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 2 type. Exp. 44 mm.
(1c) Chilo diffusifascia, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax pale glossy yellow, the sides of head and
tegule and the patagia suffused with brown; abdomen glossy
yellow, with subdorsal tufts of white hair at base; antennze
brown; palpi suffused with red-brown; pectus and legs whitish
tinged with brown. Fore wing glossy ochreous yellow irrorated
with brown; a diffused red-brown fascia from base in and below
the cell to termen where it extends from just below apex to
submedian fold; a minute black-brown discoidal spot slightly
irrorated with white and defined on outer side by some white;
traces of a curved brown postmedial line; a terminal series of dark
points with white points beyond them at base of cilia, which are
‘deep glossy red-brown. Hind wing glossy white faintly tinged
with ochreous ; a slight brownish terminal line to vein 2. Under-
side white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with
red-brown except on terminal area.
Hab. Unveuayr, Monte Video (de la Garde), 1 2 type. Exp.
52 mm.
(10 b) Chilo pyrocaustalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax fiery red; abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd
segments dorsally fulvous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen whitish suffused with red. Fore wing fiery red, the
veins whitish ; the medial area with two slight. brownish spots
below the cell and two on vein 1; two faint oblique brownish
strie from middle of costa to and to beyond upper angle of cell,
then an oblique postmedial series of minute dentate marks on the
veins; a subterminal series of minute dentate brownish marks on
the veins; cilia with a dark line near base, the tips silvery white.
Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area
of hind wing suffused with rufous.
58 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
Hab. W. Arnica (Dudgeon), 2 9 ; S. Nramrta, Lagos ( Bray),
1 3; N. Nieerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 $,1 Q type, Zungeru
(Macfie),3 2. Exp. gb 20-22, 2 26-30 mm.
(10 d) Chilo rufulalis, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with brownish
rufous, the last with the 2nd and 38rd segments dorsally suffused
with fulvous. Fore wing ochreous uniformly suffused with
brownish rufous, the inner area with slight dark irroration ; the
cilia brown. Hind wing ocherous white with a slight brownish
tinge; a faint brownish terminal line to vein 2.
Hab. Ur. BurMa, Kinyua (Bingham), 1 Q type. Hep. 36 mm.
(11 a) Chilo mesostrigalis, sp. n.
Head white; thorax and abdomen whitish tinged with red-
brown ; antennz, palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white tinged with brown. Fore wing white slightly tinged with
reddish brown and sparsely irrorated with blackish scales ; a series
of five black striz, arising at discal fold just beyond the cell,
angled outwards beyond lower angle, then very oblique to middle
of submedian fold ; a rather interrupted black postmedial line,
strongly excurved below costa, then obliquely curved; a terminal
series of black points. Hind wing white slightly tinged with
brown. Underside white slightly tinged with brown.
Hab. PortueuEsE E. Arrica, Kola Valley (eave), 1 o,
Ruo Valley (Weave), 1 Q type. Exp. 36 mm.
(15 a) Chilo submedianalis, sp. n.
3. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white tinged with red-
brown. Fore wing ochreous white suffused with red-brown, the
terminal half of costa whiter ; some darker brown suffusion in and
beyond end of cell and in basal half of submedian fold interrupted
by a medial white spot; an indistinct narrow whitish subterminal
band. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia whiter.
Underside ochreous white tinged with red-brown.
Hab, Cryuton, Batticaloa (Green), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mm.
(15 ¢) Chilo ascriptalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax white tinged with reddish brown; abdomen
white; pectus and legs white faintly tinged with brown. Fore
wing white tinged with reddish brown; a minute black discoidal
point and terminal series of slight black points. Hind wing
glossy white. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind
wing tinged with red-brown,
Hab. N. Niaerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 9; Uaanpa, Gondo-
koro (Reymes-Cole), 3 3,8 2 type; Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje
(Neave),1 9. Hzxp., g 20-24, 9 22-28 mm.
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 59
(15 d) Chilo gemininotalis, sp. n.
9. Head and thorax red-brown with a greyish tinge; abdomen
whitish tinged with red-brown; palpi irrorated with dark brown ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the legs slightly
tinged with red-brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with red-
brown and irrorated with large blackish scales except on basal and
terminal areas and in submedian fold; a diffused blackish fascia
along median nervure; a terminal series of small black spots
bisected with white; cilia red-brown at base, whitish glossed with
silver at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside white, the
fore wing and costal area of hind wing faintly tinged with rufous.
Hab. Cacuar, Kanny Koory, 1 9 type. Exp. 30 mm.
(25a) Chilo strigatellus, sp. n.
White; sides of palpi and antenne and streaks on tegule
cupreous brown. Fore wing with the veins, except on costal and
inner areas, and also the submedian fold streaked with brown,
sometimes reduced in places to series of scales; a discoidal spot ;
a fine terminal line and a line through the cilia. Hind wing
slightly tinged with brown ; a fine terminal line.
Hab. W. Ausrrata, Sherlock R, (Clements), 3 3,1 Q type.
Exp., 6 16, 2 20 mm.
(25d) Chilo argyrostola, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the sides of frons
and palpi except at base red-brown ; legs tinged with red-brown.
Wings uniform silvery white, the underside of fore wing tinged
with red-brown except on inner and terminal areas.
Hab, Venezveta (Dyson), 1 92 type. Hap. 22 mm.
(266) Chilo phlebitalis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax white tinged with red-brown at sides ;
abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally rufous ;
antenne red-brown except above; palpi, pectus, and legs tinged
with red-brown. Fore wing silvery white irrorated with red-brown,
the scales forming slight streaks defining the veins above and below,
the costal area tinged with red-brown leaving the costal edge white ;
a black discoidal point; a slight dark terminal line ; cilia white
with fine dark lines near base and tips. Hind wing silvery white
with a slight dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing
and the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1d,
Ocampo, Santa Fé (Wagner), 2 3 type. Hap. 16-20 mm.
60 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
(26 c) Chilo calamistis, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white ; palpi slightly
irrorated with brown. Fore wing whitish tinged with red-brown
and slightly irrorated with brown; faint white streaks irrorated
with black in discal and submedian folds; a black discoidal point ;
a terminal series of black points, the point above tornus rather
larger. Hind wing white tinged with brownish ochreous. Under-
side tinged with red-brown, the inner area of hind wing white.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 2, Godman-Salvin Coll. ;
ArGeENntINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 4 Q type. Lap.
22-28 mm.
(26d) Chilo leptigrammalis, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown ;
palpi strongly irrorated with brown. Fore wing white tinged with
reddish brown and rather thickly irrorated with black; the costa
whiter, the discal and submedian folds and interspaces beyond the
cell with white streaks irrorated with black ; a black discoidal point ;
traces of a dark postmedial line angled outwards at discal and
submedian folds ; a fine double dark subterminal line filled in with
white, strongly bent inwards to costa, then closely approximated
.to the termen and minutely waved; a terminal series of rather
lunulate black points slightly defined on inner side by white ;, cilia
with a dark line near base, the tips browner. Hind wing glossy
white slightly tinged with ochreous brown except on inner area; a
fine dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and
costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown, the terminal
area whiter.
Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 4 3,2 2
type. Hap, 24-32 mm.
(26) Chilo leucocraspis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax white, tinged with rufous at sides;
abdomen white, the 2nd to 4th segments dorsally suffused with
rufous ; antenne rufous; palpi irrorated with brown ; pectus, legs,
and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown.
Fore wing pale rufous, the inner area white slightly rorated with
brown ; the costal edge white on terminal half; a black discoidal
point and slight oblique brown striga above it from costa ; a curved
white subterminal line slightly defined on inner side by brown; a
terminal series of black points ; cilia with a dark line near base, the
tips pure white except at tornus. Hind wing silvery white; a
terminal series of slight black points to vein 2. Underside of fore
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown,
the hind wing with blackish discoidal point.
Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 9 type.
Exp. 28 mm.
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 61
(28) Chilo argentifascia, sp. n.
Q. Head ochreous white, pale rufous at sides and behind ;
thorax pale rufous, the patagia silvery white; abdomen white
tinged with brownish ochreous; antenne tinged with rufous ;
pectus and legs white tinged with brownish ochreous. Fore wing
pale rufous ; the costal edge silvery white, expanding into a narrow
fascia from before middle to apex; a broad silvery white fascia
edged by slight dark brown lines from base, where it extends to the
inner margin, in and below the cell and thence to the termen below
apex and to the cilia. Hind wing silvery white, the inner area
faintly tinged with brown. Underside glossy white, the costal area
of both wings faintly tinged with rufous.
Hab. W. Ausrratia, Sherlock R. (Clements), 2 2 type. Eup.
30 mm.
(2) Leucargyra xanthoceps, sp. n.
Head, tegule, and some of the hair on prothorax orange-yellow,
the rest of thorax white ; abdomen white tinged with orange-yellow,
the 2nd and 38rd segments dorsally fulvous ; antenne with the shaft
white above ; palpi fuscous brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen white, the fore legs fuscous brown in front, the cox
yellow and white at base. Wings uniform silvery white above
and below.
Hab. Prrv, Yahuarmayo,2d,19 type. L£zxp., 550, 974mm.
(6a) *Eschata irrorata, sp. n.
Q@. Pure white; palpi blackish except at tips; antenne brown;
fore tibie orange fringed with white; tarsi orange ringed with
white ; abdomen with dorsal orange patch on 2nd and 38rd seg-
ments; wings silvery white. Fore wing with faint traces of a
sinuous golden medial line from vein 2 to inner margin; a curved
subterminal golden line, the area on its inner side broadly irrorated
with large black scales, extending on inner area to the medial line ;
cilia reddish golden.
Hab. Assam, Khasis, type in Coll. Rothschild. Hap. 52 mm.
(2) Doratoperas fulvescens, sp. n.
3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with red-brown,
the head whiter in front, the thorax irrorated with dark brown ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-
brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with fulvous brown and
sparsely irrorated with large black scales, the costal area rather
whiter to beyond middle; the medial area with oblique rufous
shade from subcostal nervure to vein 1; a black discoidal point ;
an indistinct rather diffused brownish postmedial line, arising below
the costa, excurved to vein 4, then very oblique to middle of inner
62 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
margin ; an indistinct curved slightly waved brownish subterminal
line; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish
suffused with red-brown, the costal area whiter to near apex; a
terminal series of black points to submedian fold. Underside
whitish tinged with rufous, the costal area of both wings slightly
irrorated with black.
Hab. Prrv, Yahuarmayo, 3 d type. Exp. 36-42 mm.
(8) Doratoperas xanthotherma, sp. n.
3. Head brownish white, the antenne brown, the palpi fulvous
yellow; thorax dorsally brownish white, the tegule with brown
subdorsal stripes, the tegule at sides and patagia chrome-yellow
tinged with rufous and with brown stripe above ; abdomen dorsally
blackish brown, the anal tuft white; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white, the fore tibize with tufts of blackish
hair, the tarsi fulvous. Fore wing chrome-yellow, the inner area
suffused with rufous from before middle, expanding to vein 2
beyond the postmedial line and at termen to vein 3, the rest of
wing irrorated with a few brown scales; a minute red-brown
discoidal spot ; the postmedial line represented by slight obliquely
placed rufous spots on veins 4and 8 and a rather diffused red-brown
line angled inwards below vein 2 near its origin and below vein 1
bent inwards to inner margin before middle; a terminal series of
dark red-brown points ; cilia pure white at base, dark brown at tips,
wholly brown towards tornus. Hind wing pale yellow, the apical
area whitish, the inner area tinged with red-brown; a terminal
series of slight dark points to below vein 3; cilia white, tinged
with red-brown towards tornus. Underside white with a slight
rufous tinge on costa of fore wing and inner area of both wings,
Hab, Prru, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 66 mm,
(ld) Mesolia albimaculalis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax black-brown mixed with some white ;
abdomen red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white, the legs with some blackish scales and the tarsi banded with
black. Fore wing cupreous red-brown; a diffused white ante-
medial shade with a short blackish streak beyond it above vein 1 ;
a white spot at middle of costa and diffused sinuous line from
diseal fold to inner margin ; a triangular white spot from costa at
end of cell, its apex indenting a blackish discoidal spot with a
minute white point at lower angle of cell and some silvery scales
beyond it; a subterminal white bar from costa and series of small
dentate white marks on veins 6 to 2 defined on outer side by
minute black spots; a white bar from costa before apex, its outer
edge indented and a series of small conical spots on termen from
below vein 6 to above tornus; cilia white with a black line near
base and dark tips towards apex, then cupreous brown. Hind wing
glossy grey-brown, the cilia with dark line near base and white tips
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 63
to discal fold. Underside grey-brown, the costa of fore wing white
towards apex. ;
Hab. N. Nieerta, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type. Hap. 18mm.
(2a) Masolia presidialis, sp. n.
Mesolia plurimella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 297 (part.), nee Wlk.
Antenne of male with short branches.
Head and thorax red-brown nixed with grey ; abdomen whitish
suffused with red-brown, the extremity whiter; palpi with some
white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white
faintly tinged with brown, the tarsi banded with brown. Fore
wing red-brown mixed with grey ; a diffused antemedial dark brown
patch on vein 1; an obscure diffused dark medial line, arising at
median nervure, angled outwards at submedian fold and inwards at
vein 1 ; postmedial line diffused dark red-brown, oblique and defined
on inner side by whitish to vein 6, where it is angled outwards,
angled outwards and forming diffused dentate patches above vein 1
and inner margin, a dark point beyond it above vein 6; sub-
terminal line silvery whitish defined on each side by red-brown,
curved, a small white spot beyond it on costa and patch at middle
with oblique black streak above it and longitudinal streak below it ;
an oblique white subapical streak and striga on termen below apex ;
cilia red-brown to the hook with a white striga below apex and
streak above the hook, then white tinged with red-brown. Hind
wing whitish suffused with brown, the cilia white. Underside of
fore wing red-brown.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 13, 1 Q type, Godman-
Salvin Coll. Huxp., ¢ 20, 2 22 mm.
(26) Mesolia diaperatalis, sp. n.
Mesolia plurimella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het, ii. p. 297 (part.), nec W1k.
Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; palpi white at base ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-
brown. Fore wing red-brown slightly mixed with whitish ;
postmedial line deep red-brown, arising below the costa, waved to
submedian fold, then strongly incurved and forming a small diffused
patch on inner area, veins 6 to 2 beyond it with obscure dark
streaks ; subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown,
oblique to discal fold and with an oblique white streak beyond it
across apical area, incurved below discal fold and waved below
vein 3; a bilunulate white mark before middle of termen; cilia
white to the hook with a black line at middle, then white at base,
brown at tips. Hind wing whitish strongly suffused with red-
brown, the cilia whiter. Underside whitish suffused with red-
brown, the fore wing with the costa white towards apex.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 9 type, Godman-Salvin
Coll. Hap. 24 mm.
64 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
(2c) Mesolia gamaicensis, sp. n.
Antenne of male serrate.
¢. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey; antenne
blackish ; abdomen whitish suffused with brown ; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing red-brown varie-
gated with white ; an incurved medial white line from cell to inner
margin with a diffused dark patch beyond it in submedian inter-
space; a red-brown postmedial line, bent inwards to costa;
subterminal line silvery white defined on each side by red-brown,
bent inwards to costa, a white patch beyond it between discal and
submedian folds with short black streaks above and below it and
one at middle; an oblique dentate white subapical mark; a red-
brown terminal line ; cilia pure white with blackish lines near base
and at tips to the hook, then red-brown with some white at base.
Hind wing white tinged with red-brown. Underside white, the
fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Jamaica (Gosse), 1 d type, Mandeville (Cockerell),
13. Hap. 16 mm.
(1b) Prionopteryx sinensis, sp. n.
Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate.
3. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown slightly mixed with
whitish ; palpi red-brown and white ; pectus, legs, and ventral sur-
face of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing red-
brown mixed with some white, especially on inner area; an
antemedial patch of black-brown scales above inner margin ;
postmedial line red-brown, oblique to discal fold where it is angled
outwards, then incurved and angled outwards at submedian fold ;
subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown, very
oblique to discal fold, then incurved and excurved below vein 2, a
whitish patch beyond it before middle of termen with small dentate
blackish mark on it at vein 4 and short streaks below veins 3 and 2.
Hind wing red-brown with a greyish tinge. Underside red-brown
tinged with grey.
Hab. W. Cuina, Chang-Yang (Pratt), 1 dtype. Hxp. 18 mm.
(4b) Prionopteryx brevivittalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax dark reddish brown mixed with grey-white ;
abdomen white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antenne with the
branches black; palpi with black mixed; pectus and legs white
tinged with brown, the tarsi brown tinged with white. Fore wing
with the costal half red-brown mixed with white, the inner half
white irrorated with red-brown ; a subbasal series of slight oblique
black marks in and below the cell and above inner margin, the last
met by a streak from base; a slight black mark above middle of
median nervure ; a dentate white medial line defined on inner side
by two small black lunules in the cell and on outer by red-brown
Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 65
and black; two slight black spots beyond the cell; subterminal
line white defined on each side by red-brown with slight black
marks before it below costa and at middle, obliquely excurved to
discal fold, then incurved and slightly angled outwards at vein 1,
a series of white spots beyond it from costa to vein 2 with short
black streaks between them; the terminal area red-brown finely
pencilled with white; cilia white with a red-brown line through
them and red-brown tips to the hook, then white with the tips
tinged with red-brown. Hind wing white slightly tinged with
red-brown ; a red-brown terminal line to submedian fold; cilia
pure white. Underside of fore wing brown with a series of diffused
white spots before termen ; hind wing with the costal area tinged
with brown.
Hab. Transvyaat, Gemsbokfontein (Janse), 1 3, Rietfontein
(Janse), 2 5,1 2 type, Van der Merwe’s farm (Janse), 1 3;
Narat, Durban (Leigh), 1 5,192; Orange R. Colony, Bloem-
fontein (Hekersley), 2 $. Exp. 24-26 mm.
(4c) Prionopteryx mesozonalis, sp. n.
9. Head and thorax pale red-brown mixed with white; abdo-
men white dorsally tinged with red-brown towards base ; palpi with
some blackish mixed ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white tinged with red-brown, the tarsi red-brown ringed with
white. Fore wing white mostly suffused with red-brown and
irrorated with blackish; an oblique red-brown antemedial line,
arising below the costa and with some black before it in the cell ;
a white medial line defined on outer side by black and on inner by
a diffused black band, angled outwards in the cell and waved below
it ; a black discoidal point ; postmedial line white, defined on inner
side by blackish and with a black patch beyond it on costa, angled
outwards at discal fold, then incurved and angled inwards at vein 1;
a highly dentate white subterminal line with short black streaks
beyond it in the interspaces from below costa to vein 1 ; cilia white
with a line near base, black to the hook, then red-brown, and
blackish line near tips. Hind wing silvery white with a very faint
red-brown tinge. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind
wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 2 type.
Hap. 26 mm.
(49) Prionopteryx albirufalis, sp. n.
?. Head and thorax white mixed with some red-brown ; abdo-
men white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antennz ringed with
blackish ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the
fore tibie and the tarsi banded with red-brown. Fore wing white
irorated with red-brown ; some black irroration on antemedial area
from below costa to inner margin, somewhat angled outwards in
the cell; a somewhat dentate white medial line defined on outer
66 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
side by a diffused dark red-brown band; subterminal line white
defined on each side by red-brown, oblique to discal fold, then
incurved and minutely dentate, a small black spot beyond it below
costa ; a fine red-brown terminal line with two minute black spots
before it at middle; cilia white with a fine red-brown line near
base to submedian fold and the tips tinged with red-brown at
middle. Hind wing silvery white faintly tinged with red-brown,
the cilia pure white. Underside white, the fore wing tinged with
red-brown on costal half.
Hab. Supan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 9 type. Hap.
18 mm.
(4h) Prionopteryx rubricalis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax rufous slightly mixed with whitish ; abdo-
men whitish suffused with rufous; antenne blackish ringed with
white ; palpi red-brown mixed with white, blackish at extremity ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with
red-brown, the tarsi red-brown ringed with white. Fore wing
rufous irrorated with white ; a small antemedial white spot above
inner margin; small medial white spots on costa and in cell and
above and below vein 1; diffused blackish spots in and beyond end
of cell with a white spot between them on the discocellulars ; a
postmedial series of small white spots, somewhat incurved below
the costa and excurved beyond the cell; a terminal series of small
blackish spots defined on inner side by a lunulate white line; cilia
red-brown and white. Hind wing whitish tinged with rufous, the
cilia white with a red-brown line near base and some red-brown at
tips. Underside whitish suffused with rufous.
Hab. N. -Nieerta, Zungeru (Macfie, Simpson), 5 2 type.
Exp. 20 mm.
(56) Prionopteryx microdontalis, sp. n.
Antenne of male uniserrate ; hind wing with veins 4, 5 stalked.
Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some white; abdomen
white, dorsally tinged with red-brown towards base; antenne
blackish ; palpi banded with blackish; pectus and legs white
tinged with red-brown, the fore tibize and the tarsi banded blackish
and white. Fore wing red-brown mixed with whitish, a whitish
fascia in submedian interspace ; a blackish subbasal mark above
inner margin with traces of the angled whitish antemedial line on
its outer side; a rather diffused curved red-brown postmedial line,
interrupted at submedian fold and with short blackish fascia before
it on vein 1, defined on inner side by a white bar from costa; sub-
terminal line whitish, very oblique and defined on inner side by
red-brown to discal fold, then dentate and defined on inner side
by minute dentate black marks, the area beyond it blackish below
discal fold, the apical area red-brown with a sinuous white streak
across it; a fine black terminal line defined on inner side by white
Pyralide: of the Subfamily Crambinee. 67
below the hook; cilia white at base, red-brown at tips and with
black line near base to the hook. Hind wing white faintly tinged
with red-brown. Underside suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Sirrra Leone, Mano (Dudgeon), 12; Gorn Coast
(Dudgeon),1 3 ; S. Nreerta, Lagos (Dudgeon), 2 2, Old Calabar
(Miss Kingsley, Sampson), 23,19, Warri Distr. (Claydon),
1 2; N. Nieerra, Borgu, Yelwa L. (Migeod), 1 9. Exp.
18-22 mm.
Genus PARANCYLA, nov.
Type, P. argyrothysana.
Proboscis fully developed; palpi downcurved, extending about
the length of head and thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi dilated with
scales; frons smooth, with ridge of scales above ; antenne of male
laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing rather long and narrow,
the apex rounded, the termen somewhat excised below discal fold ;
vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4,5 from angle; 6 from
below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell,
the latter becoming coincident with 12. Hind wing with veins
8 and 5 from angle of cell, 4 absent; 6 obsolescent from well
below upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with 7.
In key differs from Surattha in vein 11 becoming coincident
with 12.
Parancyla argyrothysana, sp. n.
$. Head white, the antenne blackish except above, the palpi
tinged with brown and slightly irrorated with black, the tips black ;
thorax white tinged with red-brown and slightly irrorated with black;
abdomen white tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral sur-
face of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing white
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with black; a small rather
annulate blackish discoidal spot; a metallic silver subterminal line
defined on inner side by a pale rufous line, slightly excurved below
costa; the terminal area rather whiter with a terminal series of black
points ; cilia metallic silver, tinged with brown at tips. Hind
wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia whiter. Underside
white tinged with red-brown.
2. More strongly suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 4 3, 4 2 type,
Ruo Valley (Neave),1 9. Hap., 5 22, 9 32-38 mm.
(la) Surattha africalis, sp. n.
3. White irrorated with fuscous ; branches of antenne blackish.
Fore wing with a subbasal series of patches of black scales between
the veins; a medial sinuous white line defined by black on either
-side; a prominent white discoidal spot with black suffusion be-
tween it and the medial line ; a subterminal minutely waved black
line obtusely angled at middle and with a diffused brown line parallel
68 On new Pyralida of the Subfamily Crambine.
to its inner edge; some terminal fuscous suffusion and a series of
black points. Hind wing white with a fine fuscous terminal line.
Ab. 1. Fore wing strongly tinged with ochreous.
Q. Fore wing with the area between the medial and postmedial
lines suffused with black.
Hab. Suvan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 3 ; Br. HE. Arrica,
Athi-ya-Mawe (Betton),1 9; “Germ. E. Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam,
1 ¢ type; TransvaaL, Rietfontein (Janse), 1 do. Haxp. 22-
26 mm.
(16) Surattha selenalis, sp. n.
3. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen white faintly tinged with
rufous, the rest of abdomen strongly suffused with rufous ; antennz
with the branches black; palpi suffused with brown; pectus and
legs white, the tibize and tarsi banded with brown. Fore wing
pale red-brown slightly irrorated with whitish, the postmedial part
of costal area white slightly irrorated with rufous ; antemedial line
whitish, defined on outer side by a slight blackish mark at costa,
then indistinct to submedian fold where it is angled outwards, then
oblique and defined on each side by blackish ; medial line whitish
defined on each side by blackish, angled outwards in submedian
fold; “a pure white discoidal lunule; subterminal line white,
excurved at middle and slightly waved towards costa and inner
margin; a fine white line just before termen, defined on outer side
by slight blackish points; cilia white with a rather interrupted
red-brown line near base and some red-brown at tips. Hind wing
silvery white. Underside of fore wing except the inner area and
the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Asysstnta, Taddecha Mullka (Degen), 1d type. Exp.
28 mm.
(36) Surattha soudanensis, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with fulvous yellow, the
thorax irrorated with black; antenne of male with the branches
black ; palpi suffused with rufous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore wing white suffused
with pale fulvous and irrorated with black in the interspaces, those
of postmedial area rather more thickly irrorated ; a diffused curved
whitish antemedial band defined on inner side by pale fulvous; a
narrow white medial band defined on outer side by pale fulvous, its
edges slightly waved; a rounded white discoidal spot defined by
blackish; a narrow white postmedial band defined on inner side
by pale fulvous, its outere dge slightly dentate, somewhat excurved
beyond the cell ; a lunulate white subterminal line defined on outer
side by a series of black points; cilia white mixed with brownish.
Hind wing white faintly tinged with reddish brown, the cilia pure
white. Underside white faintly tinged with rufous.
Hab. Supan, Port Sudan ( Waterfield), 4 3,1 9 type. Eup.
22-26 mm.
(To be continued. }
Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 69
IX.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—XXXIX. New
Sphecoidea collected in Palestine by Mujor E, E. Austen.
By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.
Psammecius austent, sp. n.
3. Niger; scapo subtus flavo; segmentis abdominalibus tribus
basalibus, pedibusque, coxis exceptis, rufo-ferrugineis ; flagello
articulis 9-10 subtus ferrugineis, excavatis; articulo apicali
subtus et apice brunneo-ferrugineo, fortiter curvato ; alis hyalinis,
cellula radiali, cellulisque cubitalibus secunda tertiaque fortiter
_infuscatis ; venis nigris, stigmate flavo.
2. Mari simillima, flagello nigro, articulis haud excavatis ; cellula
cubitali tertia hyalina.
Long., ¢ 9 mm., 2 10 mm.
3. Eyes strongly convergent towards the clypeus, posterior
ocelli a little further from each other than from the eyes;
vertex and front strongly and closely punctured. Clypeus
broadly and roundly deflexed at the apex, the deflexed portion
smooth and shining, the basal portion closely punctured.
Thorax and sides of the median segment closely and coarsely
punctured ; the triangular basal area of the median segment
coarsely longitudinally striate-reticulate. First and second
tergites strongly but not very closely punctured, less closely
than in P. punctulatus, Lind., and less coarsely than in
P. luxuriosus, Rad. ; the apical tergites more closely and
finely punctured ; sternites shining, very sparsely punctured.
At the apex of the three basal tergites the red colouring shows
a tendency to change to yellow, forming an obscure, narrow,
reddish-yellow apical fascia. Neuration asin P. punctulutus.
9. Pygidial area longitudinally striate ; fore metatarsus
with five long spatulate whitish spines, Flagellum simple,
the apical joints not excavated or curved.
Hab. Jerisheh, N.E. of Jaffa; 1 g, May 1-8, 1918; 1 9,
April 29, 1918.
Very different in colour to punctulatus and luxuriosus ; the
antenne are also stouter and the pulvilli larger than in either
of those species. I think Psammecius, Lep., is sufficiently
distinct to be given generic rank, though Handlirsch sinks it
under Gorytes. The name Gorytes certainly cannot stand,
and must be replaced for the genus in the widest sense either
by Ceropales, Latr., or Arpactus, Jur.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 6
70 Mr. R. BE. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.
Palarus hastatifrons, sp. n.
3. Niger; abdomine segmentis tribus basalibus, pedibus inter-
mediis posticisque, femoribusque anticis infra fulvis; clypeo,
mandibulis, apice excepto, orbitis internis usque ad antennarum
basin, macula frontali, longitudinali, hastiformi, mesonoto macula
parva angulis anticis, tegulis tibiisque tarsisque anticis flavis ;
flagello supra sordide flavo ; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, venis
testaceis ; ano tridentato.
. Mari simillima; abdomine fere omnino fulvo.
Long., d 8mm., 9 11 mn.
$. Clypeus rounded at the apex, shining, with sparse and
minute punctures; front opaque, coriaceous, clothed with
very delicate silver pubescence. [yes separated on the vertex
by a distance slightly exceeding the length of the second
joint of the flagellum; posterior ocelli somewhat elongate,
oblique and almost touching the eyes. Mandibles not excised
on their outer margin. Second joint of the flagellum dis-
tinetly longer than the third, twice as long as the first and
nearly twice as long as its apical breadth, the flagellar joints
not arcuate beneath. ‘Thorax shining, rather sparsely but
very deeply punctured ; median segment strongly obliquely
striated, broadly concave in the middle, the sides of the
segment finely and closely obliquely striated, the posterior
slope finely rugulose, with a raised V-shaped median area.
Abdomen rather sparsely punctured ; first tergite deeply and
widely emarginate anteriorly ; second sternite gradually raised
into an acute transverse carina at the apex. Seventh tergite
tridentate at the apex, the middle spine the longest. Second
cubital cell petiolate, the petiole very short; third cubital
cell half as long again on the radius as on the cubitus ; first
recurrent nervure received close to the base of the second
cubital cell, second just beyond three-quarters from the base.
9. Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance only equal
to the length of the first joint of the flagellum, nearer to each
other than in the male ; second joint of flagellum at least
twice as long as its apical breadth. Sixth tergite elongate,
pointed at the apex, with sparse elongate punctures. Basal
joint of fore tarsus with six spines.
Hab. Khan Yunnus, 12 miles 8.W. of Gaza, June 1917 ;
13,42 ¢.
‘This belongs to the group of P. lepidus, Klug; but, in
addition to the strong colour-differences, the abdomen is much
more sparsely and more strongly punctured ; the eyes in both
sexes are nearer together on the vertex, and the carina of the
second sternite is acute, not broad as in & lepidus.
On Reduviide from British India. 71
X.—Descriptions of new Species and Genera of the Hete-
ropterous Family Reduviide from British India. By
W. L. Disranr.
I AM indebted to the kindness of Mr. E. A. Butler for sub-
mitting for examination another collection of this family
made by his indefatigable friend and excellent collector
Dr. T, V. Campbell in Southern India. The types of all the
species are now in the collection of the British Museum.
Ploiariola scotti.
Ploiariola scotti, Dist. Tr. Linn, Soe. xvi. p. 163, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1918).
Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Originally described from the Seychelle Islands.
Stenolemus hirtipes, sp. n.
Head and pronotum very pale ochraceous, apex of head
and basal area of prenotum more vireseent ; scutellum
blackish ; corium of hemelytra greyish white, a small linear
spot on clavus, and a large and more quadrate spot on apical
area fuscous ; membrane greyish white, mottled with large
fuscous spots which are discal on basal half and marginal on
apical half, the central and largest spot with ochraceous
linear mottlings ; body beneath brownish olivaceous ; rostrum
fuscous ; legs greyish, anterior legs mottled with fuscous
brown, intermediate and postericr femora strongly and longly
pilose and blackly annulate, intermediate and posterior tibize
longly pilose and with a black annulation near base ; antennse
fuscous, with a few pale annulations, of which the broadest
is at base; pronotum anteriorly globose, the central area
narrow and cylindrical, the posterior area strongly tricarinate.
Long. 11 mm.
Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Eugubinus intrudans, Dist. Entomologist, xlviii. p. 8 (1915).
I originally described this species found in webs of spiders
(Cyrtophora cicatrosa, Stoliczka) in 8. India, Cochin State,
Mrmakulam. Dr. Campbell has now sent Mr, KE. A. Butler
another specimen from Chikkaballapura.
NEOKLUGIA, gen. nov.
Allied to Oncocephalus, Klug, but with the apical spine to
the scutellum moderately curved upwardly; rostrum with
6%
72 Mr. W. L. Distant on
the first joint much shorter than the two apical joints to-
gether, subequal in length to the second joint ; anterior
femora only slightly or moderately incrassated, with a single
series of slender short spinules beneath ; head cylindrical,
shortly but distinctly spined at base of each antenna, the
anteocular area much longer than the postocular ; first joint
of the antennse about as long as the pronotum, distinctly
finely hirsute ; pronotum with the anterior lobe shorter than
the posterior lobe, shortly but distinctly armed on each side
of anterior margin, and moderately tuberculous on disk,
posterior lobe strongly centrally longitudinally furrowed, the
lateral basal angles distinctly spined ; posterior legs with the
femora and tibiz about or almost of equal length.
Neoklugia typica, sp. n.
Head and anterior area of pronotum very dark ochraceous
or purplish red; eyes black, and between them the colour is
sometimes more or less of the same hue; posterior pronotal
area, scutellum, corium, rostrum, body beneath, and legs more
or less ochraceous ; membrane dull greyish brown; a small
spot outside apex of clavus, the large basal areola before
membrane, and a subapical linear spot to membrane casta-
neous ; apices of femora a little darker in hue; apical spine
to scutellum black and distinctly, concavely, upwardly
curved ; other characters as in generic diagnosis.
Long. 14 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
NEOTHODELMUS, gen. nov.
Body elongate, narrow; head long, cylindrical, anteocular
area longer than postocular area, the latter longitudinally
margined on each side with a series of short spines ; antennee
with the first joint about or nearly as long as head, mode-
rately incrassated ; rostrum with the first joint about as long
as the second and third joints together; pronotum long and
slender, very narrow from about one-third from base, which
is truncate, more than twice longer than broad at base ;
scutellum small, elongately triangular ; membrane extending
to base of posterior abdominal segment ; anterior femora
distinctly incrassated, shortly and very finely spined beneath,
about subequal in length to anterior tibie; posterior and
intermediate tibize and femora slender, the posterior about
twice as long as the intermediate.
Allied to Thodelmus, Stal.
Reduviide from British India. 73
Neothodelmus typicus, sp. n.
Pale dull ochraceous: basal area of pronotum and the
membrane dull greyish, the first palest, and with a dark spot
near each basal angle, head purplish black, the anteocular
area darker than the postocular ; body beneath and legs pale
ochraceous, anterior femora finely inwardly streaked with
black, anterior tibie centrally, basally, and apically (more or
less distinctly) annulated with black; all the tarsi more
or less distinctly annulated with black ; a rounded black spot
near base of membrane.
Long. 18 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Pasiropsis major, sp. n.
Black ; antenne and tibizw brownish ochraceous, the latter
darker on basal areas; tarsi pale ochraceous ; a transverse
arcuated greyish-white fascia crossing corium near base, but
not entering clavus; first joint of antennz slightly incras-
sated, scarcely or only slightly passing apex of head, darker
in hue than the other joints ; anterior pronotal lobe strongly
sculptured, posterior lobe with a narrow central longitudinal
incisure and with a broadly coarsely punctate submarginal
incisure before each lateral margin, the lateral basal angles
subnodulose ; scutellum passing claval apex, but not poste-
riorly elevated ; femora robust; hemelytra more opaqucly
black than pronotum and scutellum.
Long. 14 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Edocla annulata, sp. n.
Head and anterior lobe of pronotum dull dark ochraceous,
narrow lateral margins of head and margins of anterior pro-
notal lobe black ; posterior pronotal lobe, the corium, and
legs stramineous ; scutellum (excluding apical spine), clavus,
membrane, triannulations to femora and tibiew, abdomen
beneath, large sternal spots, rostrum, and eyes dark fuscous
brown ; antenn with the first and second joints ochraceous,
remaining joints fuscous, bases of first and second joints
stramineous ; apical area of membrane paler in hue ; first joint
of antennz shorter than head, second joint about as long as
head and anterior lobe of pronotum together ; anterior pro-
notal lobe strongly and irregularly rugulose ; apical spiue of
74 Mr. W. L. Distant on
scutellum obliquely erect ; connexivum stramineous spotted
with fuscous.
Long. 9 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Allied to EZ. pelia, Dist., but differing by the shorter basal
joint of the antenne, the triannulated femora, stramineous
corium, &c.
Ectomocoris simulans, sp. n.
Allied to £. tibialis, Dist. (Faun. Brit. Ind. i. p. 293,
1904), but differing in having the whole of the first and
second joints of the antenna brownish ochraceous ; the rudi-
mentary hemelytra broader, less oblique, and the whole of
their apical marginal areas black, not only spotted as in
E. tibialis, but also generally reaching or only just passing
the base of the first abdominal segment.
Long. 13-20 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura and Nandidrug (Dr. T. V.
Campbell) ; Vizagapatam.
Ectomocoris melanopterus, sp. n.
Dull black, opaque ; first and second joints of the antenne,
rostrum, legs, and irregular broad transverse fascia to hem-
elytra ochraceous ; apex of hemelytra reaching the posterior
margin of the third abdominal segment, the segmental mar-
gins very narrowly ochraceous ; legs somewhat longly
hirsute; second joint of the antenne a little longer than head.
Long. 14 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Ectomocoris picturatus, sp. n.
Head, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, and body
beneath black ; posterior lobe of pronotum purplish brown ;
hemelytra pale brownish; clavus (excluding base) and an
oblong spot outside clavus stramineous ; legs ochraceous or
reddish ochraceous ; connexivum beneath with minute ochra-
ceous marginal spots; antennge ochraceous, second joint about
as long as head; anterior lobe of pronotum longitudinally
suleate ; hemelytra reaching abdominal apex ; anterior
femora strongly incrassated.
Long. 14 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
~
Cr
Reduviide /rom British India.
Ectomocoris apicimaculatus, sp. n.
Allied to E. cordiger, Stal (Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 295,
1904), but differing in the following characters :—First joint
of antenne black or piceous, and the second joint longer than
anterior lobe of pronotum ; connexivum unspotted ; apices of
femora, tibia, and tarsi“ black or piceous; membrane un-
spotted ; anterior lobe of pronotum much more finely, centrally,
longitudinally impressed, and the pronotal coloration more
opaque and piceous.
Long. 15 mm.
Hab, 8. India ; Yercand (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Sphedanolestes aurescens, sp. n.
Bright shining golden yellow; antenne, apex of head,
eyes and a spot behind them, apex of corium, membrane,
tibize, apex and lateral margins of the penultimate abdominal
segment beneath, and the tarsi black; basal joint of antennae
shorter than head and pronotum together, both pronotal lobes
centrally longitudinally sulcate ; femora nodulose ; membrane
moderately passing the abdominal apex.
Long. 9 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Bangalore (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Sphedanolestes aterrimus, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, scutellum, and femora shining black ;
corlum, membrane, and tibie more darkly fuscous ; con-
nexivum above and beneath spotted with ochraceous; antennz
black, first joint (excluding base and apex) and basal area of
second joint ochraceous ; first joint of antennee about as long
as head and pronotum together; pronotum with the anterior
lobe centrally longitudinally broadly sulcate, the posterior
lobe discally centrally excavate; femora nodulose ; membrane
extending slightly beyond the abdominal apex.
Long. 7 mm.
Hab. §. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Allied to S. indicus, Reut.
Endochus albomaculatus.
Endochus albomaculatus, Stal, dafv. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1859, p.194; Dist.
Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 366 (1904),
This species, already recorded from Ceylon, has now been
received from Dr. T. V. Campbell, who found it in 8. India
76 Mr. W. L. Distant on
(Chikkaballapura). It is also recorded by Lethierry and
Severin from ‘ Cambodgia.”
Endochus erectus, sp. n.
Pale ochraceous ; antenne, body beneath, and legs stra-
mineous; apical areas of abdomen (both above and beneath)
fuscous ; antenne ochraceous, apex of first joint and the
whole of the apical joints rosaceous ; eyes black; head dark
ochraceous, about as long as pronotum ; first joint of rostrum
distinctly longer than second joint; lateral basal pronotal
spines somewhat long, acute, and upwardly and forwardly
produced.
Long. 15 mm.
L/ab. Nilgiri Hills ; Lovedale (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Allied to 2. albomaculatus, Stal, but differing from that
species in the colour, shape, and direction of the pronotal
spines, absence of white spot to corium, &c.
Findochus campbelli, sp. n.
Greyish black, shortly greyishly pilose; head behind
ocelli, rostrum, coxe and trochanters, upper surfaces of |
anterior femora and tibia testaceous; intermediate and poste-
rior legs stramineous, with the apices of the femora testa-
ceous ; sternum and body beneath dull testaceous, thickly and
very finely mottled with greyish white ; abdomen above dull
testaceous, the connexivum with large ochraceous spots and
oe beneath ncar apex ; antenne testaceous, becoming darker
in hue towards apex, more palely annulate near apex and
middle of first and near apex of third joints, first joint about
as long as posterior femora; lateral pronotal spines ochra-
ceous, somewhat longly acute, and nearly straightly directed
outwardly ; head about as long as pronotum.
Long. 22 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Allied to 2. cingalensis, Stal, but differing by the colour of
the head and legs, the longer first antennal joint, &e.
Endochus parvispinus, sp. 0.
Head thickly greyishly pilose, with a central, dark, longi-
tudinal, incised line, and a similar dark transverse line be-
tween eyes; anterior pronotal lobe dark ochraceous, with
irregular white linear markings ; posterior pronotal lobe
paler and thickly minutely spotted with greyish white, lateral
basal spines black; lateral margins and apex of scutellum
Reduviide from British India. 77
greyish white; corium similar in hue to posterior pronotal
lobe, but without the minute greyish-white spots ; abdomen
above brassy black, connexivum ochraceous; body beneath
thickly greyishly pilose; basal joint of antennz black or
blackish and about as long as head, pronotum, and scutellum
together ; spines at bases of antenna minute; lateral pro-
notal spines slender, black, and laterally slightly upwardly
directed.
Long. 17-22 mm.
Hab. 8. In ia ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Brassivola hystrix.
Brassivola hystrix, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 374; fig, 236, p. 373
(1904). 9.
3. Smailer than ?, lateral margins of abdomen not
dilated, .
Long., 3, 18 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
The female type was from Ceylon,
Isyndus modestus, sp. 0.
Black ; antenne with a broad subapical annulation to first
joint, basal or subbasal annulations to second and third joints,
and apical annulations to third and fourth joints, tessellate
markings to anterior pronotal lobe, broad anterior margin and
narrow hind margin to posterior pronotal Jobe, lateral margins
and apex to scutellum, corium (excluding clavus), and seg-
mental spots to connexivum more or less ochraceous ; mem-
brane bronzy black ; body beneath greyishly pilose, marginal
spots, stigmata, and abdominal incisures black; legs black,
anterior femora with two subapical annulations, intermediate
and posterior femora with a single basal annulation, testaceous
or ochraceous; lateral pronotal angles somewhat shortly
spinous, the spines slightly directed backwardly, auterior
pronotal lobe with a short tuberculous spine on each lateral
margin.
Long. 17-22 mm.
flab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Allied to I. reticulatus, Stal.
Coranus militaris, sp. n.
Black ; posterior lobe of pronotum (excluding a black spot
near each lateral margin), a curved transverse line to scu-
tellum, corium (excluding clavus and apex), and spots to
78 On Reduviidee from British India.
connexivum sanguineous ; tarsi pale fuscous ; anterior femora
strongly incrassated ; anterior pronotal lobe centrally sulcate,
but the sulcation not reaching the anterior margin, the poste-
rior lobe with its hind margin moderately excavate before
scutellum.
Long. 8 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Coranus vitellinus, sp. n.
Brownish ochraceous ; eyes, broad lateral fasciz to post-
ocular area of head, eyes, clavus, spots to connexivum, mem-
brane, and submarginal fascize to abdomen beneath either
fuscous or pale bronzy brown; legs brownish ochraceous, the
femora either distinctly or indistinctly darkly annulate ; an-
tenne ochraceous, the extreme apices of the joints usually
distinctly darker in hue; scutellum with a central, pale,
narrow, longitudinal fascia ; first joint of antenna about as
long as head; basal lateral pronotal angles broadly angulate ;
apical joint of the rostrum fuscous.
Long. 9-10 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Alleorhynchus notatus, sp. n.
Stramineous, eyes and posterior lobe of pronotum black ;
ocelli dark purplish ; two discal spots on anterior lobe of
pronotum, scutellum, apical half of clavus, and corium (ex-
cluding base and a marginal spot beyond middle) pale purplish
brown; connexivum with four marginal black spots ; legs
stramineous, femora with darker subapical annulations ; large
lateral spots to meso- and metasterna and subapical marginal
annulations to posterior half of counexivum beneath black ;
antenne black, basal joint stramineous ; membrane purplish
brown, with the apical area greyish white and passing the
abdominal apex; intermediate femora with a short black
spine near middle of posterior margin.
Long. 53-6 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Alleorhynchus bicoloratus, sp. n.
Pale ochraceous; head and posterior lobe of pronotum
shining black ; scutellum and corium (excluding base) dull
black ; meso- and metasterna and a central longitudinal fascia
to abdomen beneath black ; second joint of antenne distinetly
On Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 79
black, basal joint of antennee shorter than head ; connexivum
with small black spots.
Long. 53 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Phorticus varicolor, sp. n.
Head black; pronotum ochraceous, with two large basal
black spots which occupy nearly the whole of base and nar-
rowly extend up the lateral margins; scutellum and hemelytra
dark brownish, the latter with a large basal angular and an
apical ochraceous spot; membrane black ; body beneath and
legs ochraceous ; antennz ochraceous, second joint blackish,
basal joint scarcely passing apex of head; first and second
joints more or less incrassate ; membrane slightly passing abdo-
minal apex; abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous, sternum
black ; abdominal incisures very distinct and slightly darker
in hue.
« Long. 34 mm.
Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Genus LANnca.
Lanca, Dist. Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. p. 369 (1906) ; Faun.
Brit. Ind., Rhynch. v. p. 212, fig. 117 (1910).
Epidaus, Bergr. (nec Stal), Journ. Bomb, Nat. Hist. Soc. xxiv. p. 175
(1915).
Rostrum with the first joint shorter than the two remaining
TELITUS) 3 07 UST epee ete BO hen ee A Epidaus.
Rostrum with the first joint slightly longer than second joint. Lanca.
Bergroth (supra) writes that Lanca “is a plain synonym
of Epidaus.”’ I have figured the rostrum of each genus in
my faun. Brit. Ind.
XI.—On the Discovery of Two Species of Brachycheteumide,
a Minor Group of Millipedes peculiar to the British Isles.
By RicuHarp 8. BaGNnaLL, F.L.S.
THE species of the genus Brachycheteuma are smallish
millipedes ranging from 7 to 8 mm. in length, belonging to
the Ascospermophora, white to dirty yellowish-white in
80 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on
colour, being devoid of pigment. They have thirty body-
segments, the lateral keels are weakly defined, and the ocelli
few in number, usually indistinct and poorly pigmented.
That they are clearly of Chordeumid (s. 1.) affinities may be
recognized on the field.
The members of the genus are to be found on the ground
surface beneath shallow coverings of fallen leaves or under
stones, sheltering in crevices or about the roots of vegetation.
If found on the surface of the earth or perhaps on the under
surface of the upturned stone, they usually remain quiet for
some little time, and will then, or if but slightly disturbed,
run away with a quick gliding movement. If less mildly
disturbed, or touched for instance by the dead leaves one may
be removing, they will quickly curl up, and, the conformation
of the ground being suitable, roll away.
The best time to search for these animals would seem to
be from the early spring (say, March) to May, and again in
the late autumn. y
Although we now know four species of Brachycheteuma,
the genus is only of recent discovery. The first species and
type of the genus and family, Brachycheteuma bagnallt,
Verhoeff, was described in 1911*, and in greater detail the
following year t, from a single male example collected by
the writer in Gibside, a fine old piece of woodland in the
county of Durham.
Until 1917, when Dr. Hilda and the Rev. S. Graham
Brade-Birks diagnosed Brachycheteuma bradee (Brol. et
Brade-Birks) | from Lancashire (examples of both sexes
having been secured), no further discoveries of the group had
been made. ‘They referred this species to a new genus—
Jacksoneuma,—but upon the rediscovery of Brachycheteuma
bagnalli, as detailed below, Verhoeff’s description of the
genus proved to be at fault in three important particulars, so
that the genus Jacksonewma, the erection of which was fully
justified upon the data at that time available, had to be
* Verhoeff, K. W., “ Ueber Brachycheteuma, n. g., und Titanosoma
Jurassicum aus England,” Zool. Anz. xxxviii. pp. 455-458, Noy. 14, 1911.
+ Verhoeff, K. W., “On the Occurrence of Brachycheteuma, Titano-
soma, and Polymicrodon in England,” Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northd.,
Durham, and Newcastle, n. s. iv. pp. 143-167, pls. ix. & x., June 1912.
Bagnall, R. 8., “ Brief Records of Chetechylene vesuviana, Newp., and
other Myriapods new to the British Fauna,” The Zoologist, xvi. pp. 264—
266, July 1912.
} Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rev. 8. G., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—VIT.
“ A new Member of the Order Ascospermophora (Jacksoneuma bradee,
gen. et sp. noy.),” Journ. Zool. Res. ii. pp. 185-149, figs., Dec. 1917.
Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 81
withdrawn, and the diagnosis of the genus Brachycheteuma
and the family Brachycheeteumide amended *.
The Discovery of Brachycheteuma melanops.
A few months after Brachycheteuma bradee had been
made known I happened to be in London, and between
appointments with Admiralty officials 1 spent a short week-
end with a friend in the Honorable Artillery Company, then
encamped at Swanage. Thusit happened that on the evening
of my arrival on April 6th, 1918, and when it was almost
dusk, I stumbled upon another species of the genus, which
occurred in numbers below Belle Vue, and, proving to be
new, has been described by my friends under the name
Brachycheteuma melanops F.
The cliffs at Belle Vue are very beautiful, standing out in
somewhat marked contrast to those on either side. High
up are plantations of evergreens, cedars, pines, laurestinas,
and holly-oaks, and from here one can see the bay flanked to
the left by a green-clothed prominence screening Peveril
Point, and to the right by the undercliff stretching away to
Durlston Head. ‘The undercliffs are intersected by paths,
the main one leading to Durlston Head, but here broken
away and there perhaps blocked by a fall of rock from
above; the undergrowth is chiefly of bracken and bramble,
but towards the ‘‘ Head” and below the plantations are little
groves—conifers, poplars, and privet predominating,—with
tracks leading perhaps to a little knoll or winding to the
shore below.
I first discovered B. melanops in some plenty by scraping
the surface covering of fallen leaves and needles in the lower
plantations and groves where somewhat damp; later I found
it under stones, but only in this sparsely wooded area, and
not on the undercliffs. It was very plentiful—perhaps the
most plentiful myriapod in early April,—but was found in
less numbers six weeks later.
In October 1918 I found a few examples of a Brachy-
cheteuma in the neighbourhood of Torquay and Babbacombe
which proved to be the Swanage species, B. melanops, and
on December 31st, 1918, and New Year’s Day, 1919, it
* Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rev. G.8., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—X.
On the Family Brachychzeteumide,” /. c. ili. pp. 47-58, figs., Oct. 1918.
+ Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rey. S. G., ‘‘ Notes on Myriapoda,—Xf.
Description of a new Species of Diplopoda (Brachycheteuma melanops),”’
1. c, ill. pp. 55-61, figs., Oct. 1918.
82 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on
occurred more frequently than in October, probably because
the undergrowth was less dense and I had better opportunities
for this class of collecting.
On this latter visit I spent some hours exploring Kent’s
Cavern with my friend Mr. J. Williams Vaughan, where
B. melanops was one of the dominant myriapods ; it occurred
in the inmost depths of the caves and in all the galleries.
The Re-discovery of B. bagnalli.
Although I repeatedly searched for B. bagnalli in Gibside,
I was never able to turn up further examples ; but shortly
after my return from Swanage and the discovery of B. me-
lanops Mr. H. S. Wallace gave me a tube collected in
a garden at Haddrick’s Mill, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the
last week of April 1918, which contained six examples of
B. bagnalli, 5 9 @ and 1 g, and a 9 example of another
recently described millipede, Alonacobates tenuis, Bigler *.
I accordingly accompanied my friend to Haddrick’s Mill,
where we took several examples of both sexes in and
about the precincts of an old quarry; and subsequent
visits proved that the species was well established and not
uncommon.
Later I found a little colony under a log in a garden at.
Fenham, another residential part of Newcastle 2 miles or
more distant from Haddrick’s Mill, and only this month (May)
Mr. Wallace found a female example at Hexham, where I
ultimately turned up both sexes, and thus established its
identity.
Ecological Notes.
In the cited discoveries of B. melanops and B. bagnalli I
noticed a certain definite association of allied forms, and if
zoologists find certain of the millipedes or centipedes named
below there should be a chance of meeting with Brachy-
cheteuma.
For the uninitiated I should add that Stigmatogaster
subterraneus, Clinopodes linearis, and Chetechylene vesuviana
are large Geophilids, a family of long slender centipedes,
generally yellow or yellowish-brown and bearing a large
number of legs. Chordeumella scutellare is a “ square-backed ”
* Bigler, Walter, ‘ Die Diplopoden von Basel und Umgebung,” Rey.
Suisse Zool. Genéve, xxi. pp. 675-793, pls. xvil.—xix., 1918.
Bagnall, R. S., “ Records of some new British Diplopods and Pauro-
pods, with a Preliminary Check List of the British ‘ Myriapoda,’” Journ.
Zool. Res. iii. pp. 87-93, Oct. 1918.
Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 83
millipede belonging to the Microchordeumide, and therefore
more closely related to Brachycheeteumide ; it is smallish,
has 28-30 body-segments, and the lateral keels are vestigial.
Macrosternodesmus palicola and Ophiodesmus albonanus ave
our two smailest examples of the true square-backed milli-
pedes of the family Polydesmide ; they are both white; the
former is the smaller and more slender, has 19 body-segments,
and tle lateral keels are irregular (notched or “ toothed”’) as
in Polydesmus and Brachydesmus, whilst Ophiodesmus has
20 body-segments, with the lateral keels entire as in Ortho-
morpha, Muonacvbates isa Protoiulid, very slender and small,
like a short piece of animated wire,
Brachycheteuma melanops.
SWANAGE (Jurassic formation). Stigmatogaster subter-
raneus, common 3; Alacrosternodesmus palicola, frequent; the
recently discovered Ophiodesmus albonanus, both sexes,
several ; and Monacobates tenuis, rare.
Torquay Disrrict (Middle Devonian). Whilst collecting
in this district no species were found commonly or in company,
but the following were noted while searching for Brachy-
chateuma :—Stigmatoguster, rare and apparently replaced by
Chetechylene vesuviana, a species so far only known from
South Devon in our country ; Macrosternodesmus, Ophio-
desmus, wud tle Monacobaies, rare.
Brachycheteuna bagnalli.
Gibside, Co. DurHAmM (Carboniferous). Stigmatogaster,
rare; Macrosternodesmus and Monacobates, in numbers. The
original example of B. bagnalli was found here, but has not
yet been rediscovered, and a solitary female example of
Chordeumelia is also recorded.
NEWCASTLE-ON-1'YNE (Carboniferous). Haddrick’s Mill :
Stigmatogaster, not uncommon; Macrosternodesmus and
Monacobates, frequent ; Chordeumella sp., once only. Fen-
ham: St:ymatogaster, Macrosternodesmus, and Monacobates
were all found under the single log harbouring the Fenham
colony of B. bagnall?,
HexHAM (Millstone Grit). Monacobates occurred in very
large numbers, together with a few of a similar creature—
Nopotulus palmatus,—but only two examples of Macrosterno-
desmus were found. A Geophilid, curiously resembling
Stigmatogaster, proved to be Clinopodes linearis, arare southern
form that I had not previously met with.
84 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide cc.
An Atlantean Group ?
Species of terrestrial arthropods peculiar to our country are
rare, and particularly so if we consider groups which have
had an equal or greater attention from Continental naturalists.
Since the pioneer work of Newport, Leach, and (later) Meinert
and Latzel, the Central and Southern European “ Myriapods ”
have received close study, whilst until very recently the
British forms have been entirely neglected. Yet here we
have a natural group containing four species * widely distri-
buted in this country, not extraordinarily small and without
any near relatives on the Continent. If the group’ had its
centre of distribution in Western Europe, then it would have
spread east and south, and remnants would have surely been
found on the Continent of to-day. Similarly, were the group
of Lusitanian origin it would be more richly represented in
the Mediterranean subregion than with us. But not only is
Brachycheteuma or allied genus unknown elsewhere, but its
distribution with us (north, south, midlands, east, and west of
England) does not suggest a Lusitanian group, and we are
thus forced to suggest that Braehycheteuma is of Atlantean
origin, and that in the very dim past it formed a modest
member of the fauna of the old continent of Atlantis.
XII.—New Species and Genera of Nymphalide, Syntomide,
and Sphingide in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kaye,
F.E.S.
Family Nymphalidae.
The confusion over certain species of Callithea is consider-
able, and as a foreword to the description of the new forms
that follow it is as well to state the position adopted. Calli-
thea davisi was described by Butler (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 4, vol. xx. p. 123, 1877), as Hewitson had confused two
species under one name—markii. Fig. 2 of Hewitson (Ex.
Butt., Callithea, pl. i.)—the first under the species—becomes
* For description of the fourth species see Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and
Rev. S. G., “ Notes on Myriapods.—XII. A Preliminary List for Derby-
shire, with a Description of Brachycheteuma quartum, sp. u., and Chord-
eumella scutellare bagnalli, var. u.,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, xi.
pp. 319-336, figs., Oct. 1918.
in the Joicey Collection. 85
the type of the species marki?, and fig. 5 is another species
which Butler named davist. This was all correct till
Staudinger, not knowing of Butler’s description, described
this same insect as hewitsont in Exot. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888).
Staudinger also gave the name wallacei to Hewitson’s figs. 2,
3, 6, but quite unjustifiably. C. davist now seems to have
several local races, of which I describe below two as new.
The C. refulgens may be a race of markit. C. batesi is most
probably a distinct species, with the hind margin of the hind
wing bluish green and the broad apical area of fore wing of
the same colour. The 2 ? of batesi and markii may be
distinguished by these characters and also by the amount of
yellow at the base of the hind wing. Bates has a large
yellow area stretching halfway across the cell, while markii
has a very small amount and much broken up with brown.
The synonymy of these three species is as follows :—
Callithea markit, Hew. Ex. Butt., Call. 1. publ. 1862 (plate
dated 1857, ined.).
Callithea wallacet, Steger. Ex. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888).
Callithea markt (=wallacet), Rob. in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915).
Hab. Upper Amazons, Tetfé.
Callithea batest, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. i. pl. xi. (1850).
Callithea batesi, Hew. Ex. Butt., Calhthea, pl. i. figs. 1,4 (1862); Rob.
in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915).
Hab. Upper Amazons.
Callithea davisi, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xx.
p. 123 (1877).
Callithea markii, Hew. (part.), Exot. Butt., Cadi. pl. i. tig. & (1862).
Callithea hewitsoni, Stgr. Exot. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888) ; Rob. in Seitz.
Mac, Lep. v. p. 491 (1918).
Hab. Colombia, Upper Amazons, Peru,
This species has at least three separate races :—
Callithea davisi davisi, Butl.
Colombia.
Callithea davist croceus, Kaye.
N. Peru, Contamana, Rio Ucayali.
Callithea davisi tirapatensis, Kaye.
S. Peru, Tirapata.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 7
86 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalidae ce.
Callithea davisi croceus, subsp. n.
Fore wing ochreous with a slight pinkish tinge. Broad
apical area black except near costa, which is deep blue.
Inner margin black with only very slight suffusion near base.
Hind wing purplish blue, with the area about tornus brightest.
Expanse 62 mm.
Hab, Ecuador, Sarayacu, Upper Amazons, Jurua.
This subspecies is very like davist davisi, except for the
yellow fore wing. The next following subspecies from South
Peru is much further removed.
Type in Coll: Joicey.
Callithea davisi tirapatensis, subsp. n.
Fore wing yellowish ochreous, the inner margin blackish
extending basally into the cell. Apical area black, with
hardly a trace of blue, and the small apical greenish streak
often with a whitish area in centre. Hind wing black, with
a conspicuous blue patch at tornus extending beyond vein 2
internally and beyond vein 4 externally. Fore wing below
with the lower part cf the greenish apical area blackish
internally.
Expanse 62 mm.
Hab. &. Peru, Tirapata, Yahuarmayo.
Type in Coll, Joicey.
Callithea refulgens, sp. n.
3. Fore wing like markit, Hew., but the blue of the distal
half deeper internally and lighter externally and in costal
area. The base pinkish ochreous inclining to reddish. The
apex dull blackish, with a narrow subapical slaty green band.
Vhe whole broad distal half or more of the wing various
shades of deep brilliant blue, becoming blackish internally
and on the innér margin. Hind wing with a faint indication
of a slaty greenish subterminal band mostly obseured by the
deep blue of the ground-colour, Costa dull blackish, without
a basal or subbasal orange patch, Inner margin broadly and
outer margin narrowly dull blackish. Blue area of hind wing
brightest between veins 2 and 4, Fore wing below with the
basal area ochreous ; tornus, except at extreme margin and
along veins for a short distance, blackish. A pair of small
biack spots between veins 4, 5 and 5,6. Broad apical area
glistening slaty blue. Hind wing below with an ochreous
basal stripe. Ground-colour slaty bluish, with four transverse
rows of black spots in distal half, the two outermost spots at
apex suffused with ochreous.
Expanse 60 mm.
in the Joicey Collection. 87
Hab. Brazil, Parana (?).
This locality is more than questionable. Typical markiu
occurs at Kea, on the Upper Amazon, and it is even possible
the present species may be an aberration of it, Hewitson’s
locality for markit is New Grenada, but as he figures both
davisi and markit under the same name, his locality probably
refers to the davis?, which is a Colombian species. His fig. 2
on pl. i., Callithea in Ex. Butt., agrees with what is known
from the Ega district of the Amazon.
Type in Coll, Joicey.
Family Nymphalidae.
Subfamily Jrvouwrzy2z.
Velamysta pardalis totumbra, subsp. n.
6. Fore wing like pardalis pardalis, except that there are
no blackish marks in dise and the S-shaped black discoidal
mark is much less pronounced. Inner margin less heavily
black. Hind wing ochre-brownish as in fore wing, without
discoidal patch and no trace of a black band thence to inner
margin,
2. Both fore and hind wing ochre-brownish. Fore wing
with all the black markings less than in pardalis pardalis.
Hind wing with asmall black mark along discocellular within
the cell. No black band connecting the inner margin.
Expanse 74 mm.
Hab. N. Peru, River Tabaconas, 6000 ft. (A. LH. & F.
Prait).
‘Type in Coll. Joicey.
Haensch, in Seitz. vol. v. p. 158, says of pardalis :—* In
the @ the hind wing is of the same brownish colour as the
fore wing.” ‘This is incorrect, as in both pardalis pardalis
and pardalis totumbra the sexes are alike as to colour ; par-
dalis has white hind wings and totumbra brownish.
Family Syntomide.
Mimagyrta chocoensis, sp. n.
Head blue-black; palpi black; frons white; antenna
black ; legs with coxe white and white stripes on femur and
tibia ; tarsus wholly black. Abdomen bluish black, with
slender subdorsal white streaks, below white. Fore wing
bluish black shot with bright blue at base; a hyaline sub-
apical narrow patch with veins 3, 4, and 5 showing black
across it. A triangular flat hyaline streak below the cell,
with its sharp apex ‘pointing to base and its short side Apainst
vein 2. Hind wing shot with brilliant blue, the apex blackest
(he
88 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide dc.
and with least gloss; a large hyaline transverse area occu-
pying the central area of wing and with the median and
veins 3 and 4 showing black upon it.
Expanse 30 mm.
Hab. W. Colombia, Tado, Rio San Juan, Choco, Colombia,
250 ft. (@. M. Palmer), June 1909.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Pseudomelisa demiavis, sp. n.
@. Head blue-black, frons white and white patches at the
sides of the eyes. Tegule and patagia black, with a few
white hairs. Abdomen elongated, shiny dark blue. Legs
dark bluish black. Fore wing dark steely blue. A small
divided transparent spot in middle of cell; a long narrow
transparent spot lying just outside cell close to base, and a
series of fine irregularly shaped spots across disc to tornus.
The upper one is between veins 5 and 6, the next two are
close together and between veins 3, 4 and 4, 5. The next is
the largest and is immediately below cell between veins 2, 3,
and the last is placed just above vein 16. Hind wing very
small, dark steely blue except for a small transparent spot at
base.
Expanse 35-mm.
Hab. W. Africa, Cameroons, Bitje, Ja River, 2000 ft.,
Oct.-Nov. 1912.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Chrysocale olivotincta, sp. n.
Base of palpi white and some white scaling on fore coxe.
Frons black. Tegule with a few white scales. Thorax
black. Abdomen black, with segments 3, 4, 5, 6 edged above
with clayish ochreous and with a series of white dorsal spots
on all the segments except the last, which is black. Fore
wing dark olive-green, with an elongated transparent spot
below the median. A faint indication of a white mark just
above within the cell. Hind wing very dark olive-green,
with a large wedge-shaped area below the cell transparent,
but not reaching base or inner margin. A lateral series of
white spots to abdomen and two or three ventral white spots.
Legs black except for the white on fore cox.
Expanse 48 mm.
Hab. ?
The species looks as if it might have come from the same
locality as Chrysocale enigma, but this is mere conjecture.
This is a Chrysocale in all points of neuration, but there is rio
rough hair on the abdomen. It comes close to Chrysocale
im the Joicey Collection. 89
chryseis, which appears in Hampson’s ‘ Catalogue Phalenz,’
vol. i. under Calonotos.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Cyanopepla fulgurata, sp. n.
Palpi black, with some white scales above, metallic green
beneath. Frons, collar, tegule, and patagia metallic green.
Thorax black, with metallic green, abdomen green. Fore
wing black, with a rather narrow crimson band com-
mencing below costa and finishing just before tornus. Be-
tween veins 4 and 5a short metallic-green streak. At base
extending nearly to discal band four metallic-green streaks.
Cilia black, at tip white. Hind wing brilliant metallic blue.
In the median area and on inner margin slightly paler.
Cilia black on apical margin and white on inner margin.
Expanse 36 mm.
Hab, N. Peru, Pachitea.
This may be a race of C. julia, but it has slightly less
elongated wings and a completely blue hind wing.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Cyanopepla parvistria, sp. n.
Palpi black above, metallic green below. Collar and tegule
metallic green; patagia black, with some metallic-green
sealing. Abdomen metallic green. Fore wing black, with a
very narrow discal crimson band. A minute green dot on
costa at base and a metallic-green streak along vein 15 heavy
at base. Hind wing deep metallic blue without any greenish
shade. |
Expanse 50 mm.
Hab, Unknown.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
ACUTIA, gen. nov.
Proboscis fully developed, but weak. Antenne bipecti-
nated. Spurs to mid tibia minute. Fore wing with vein 2
placed very far back. Veins 3 and 4 before angle, 5 from
angle, 6 from middle of discocellulars, 7 from upper angle,
8 and 9 stalked, 10 and 11 from cell. Hind wing with 2 long
before end of cell, 3 and 4 shortly stalked from angle of cell,
5 from middle of discocellulars.
Type, A. bidensis.
90 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide de.
Acutia bidensis, sp. n.
g. Fore wing very long and narrow, the base with a
golden streak. Margin and apical half dark brownish black.
A large transparent patch within the cell and a much larger
double transparent patch immediately below. A small square
transparent spot in apex, divided by vein 5. Hind wing
small, greatly pointed at apex, yellow, with the apex rather
broadly black. A small grey patch on costa. Abdomen
segmented with yellow. Head black, collar orange. Thorax
black, metathorax yellow.
?. Similar to male, except that the transparent patches
are much more yellowish. The hind wing larger, less pointed.
The fore wing more ample.
Expanse 26 mm.
Hab. Sarawak, Bidi, 1907-8 (C. J. Brooks).
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Aithria tenumarginata, sp. n.
3S. Palpi black above, white beneath. Coxe above white,
beneath black. Frons with some white scales. © Tegule
mostly metallic blue, but with some white scales. Patagia
metallic blue. Abdomen dark metallic bluish green, with a
large crimson anal tuft. Fore wing bluish hyaline, with
narrow black margins and narrow discoidal black spot. Hind
wing bluish hyaline, with a narrow black margin hardly
broader than the costal and inner margin Of fore wing.
Expanse 27 mm.
Hab. French Guiana, St. Laurent.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Phenicoprocta variabilis, sp. 0.
6. Head black, frons metallic peacock-blue. Tegule with
some metallic blue and orange scales, Patagia orange.
Metathorax with a patch of blue. Abdomen with subdorsal
stripe of metallic green. Anal tuft crimson. Antenne
black, bipectinated, under surface white at tips. Fore cox
white below, crimson above. Mid and hind coxz with some
crimson hair. Fore wing dull brownish black, partly hyaline
at base of cell and immediately below. Hind wing trans-
parent, with a broad black margin.
Expanse 26 mm.
Ab. melapatagia. sa,
Tegule and patagia black, with a few metallic-blue scales.
Hab. Panama, Bugaba.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
I
in the Joicey Collection, I1
Pheia attenuata, sp. n.
Head black. Minute crimson dots behind the eyes.
Tegule with bright crimson spots preceded by some metallic-
green scaling. Base of patagia crimson. Abdomen black,
with some metallic-green scaling. On first segment a pair
of crimson dots. Fore wing black and transparent. Costa
narrowly black. Apex rather broadly black and at tornus a
rather heavy black area. Discoidal spot black. Hind wing
transparent, the apex broadly black, inner margin narrowly
black. Abdomen beneath with all but the last three segments
white.
Expanse 26 mm.
lab. Panama, Gatun, 1. ii. 1913 (A. Hall).
Type in Coll. Joicey.
_
Pheia simillima, sp. n.
Frons, tegule, collar, and vertex of head with metallic-
green scaling. Thorax and patagia dark brownish black.
Metathorax with metallic green, Second abdominal segment
with subdorsal crimson spots. Abdomen black, with some
metallic-green scaling, terminal segment crimson. Fore wing
diaphanous, with margins and discocellular spot black. Apex
rather broadly black and an extension inwards at tornus.
Hind wing diaphanous, with outer margin narrowly black,
greatly reduced’ between veins 2 and 4, Abdomen beneath
with the first three segments covered by large white valve.
Fore cox pink beneath.
Expanse 23 mm.
Hab. Upper Amazon, Rio Ucayali.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
| Huagra monoscopa, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dark peacock-blue. Fore wing
with the base brilliant blue, the apex bluish black; a large
trapezoidal transparent area between veins 2 and 3, bounded
above by the wall of the cell and terminating just before
outer margin. Hind wing deep brilliant blue, darkest near
the outer margin.
Expanse 34 mm.
Hab. EK. Ecuador, Alpayacu, Rio Pastazza (MZ. G. Palmer).
Type in Coll. Joicey. .
This insect strongly recalls Agyrta monoplaga, which las
the same scheme of colouring and a hind wing without any
transparent area.
92 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide ce.
Coreura sinerubra, sp. ni. :
Palpi with the basal joint orange. Collarorange. Thorax,
tegule, and patagia dull greenish black. Abdomen dull
metallic green. Fore wing dull greyish black, with a straight
transverse pale yellowish narrow band across disc just touching
the discocellulars and ending just short of the tornus. Hind
wing rather dull greyish metallic green; cilia yellow. Fore
wing below with the transverse yellowish band much wider
than above. Hind wing below with the yellow colour of the
cilia extending to margin of wing. Both wings dull blackish,
with a slight metallic gloss.
Expanse 44 mm.
Hab, N. Peru, W. slope of Andes, 4000 ft. (Pratt).
Type in Coll Joicey.
Heliura guadriflavata, sp. n.
Head dark brownish black, collar orange. Thorax dark
brownish black, metathorax with orange patch. Abdomen
blackish. Fore wing olivaceous, with transparent patches.
The base blackish, with a conspicuous orange spot. A long
transparent area lying just beneath the cell and a triangular
transparent area occupying the middle of the cell. The veins
olivaceous and two ,-shaped olive marks on the inner margin,
Four rectangular-shaped hyaline spots in pairs forming a
discal band. The extreme tip of the wing whitish. Hind
wing transparent, with the apex very broadly black and the
inner margin much less narrowly black. Fore and hind
wing below wholly black and transparent, without any viola-
ceous tint. Coxze pink and the basal half of mid and hind
femora also pink.
Eixpanse 38 mm.
flab. French Guiana.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Napata levata, sp. n.
Frons bluish white. Bluish-white spots on gulz, patagia,
tegule, and behind the antennee. Fore wing very dark olive-
green, with a small hyaline spot at end of cell; asimilar spot
near base of cell, with a large semicircular spot immediately
below the cell. ‘Two pairs of spots on disc—one pair just
beyond end of cell and the other pair between veins 3, 4 and
4, 5,—the smaller spot of the two here uppermost, while in
the former case it is reversed. Hind wing with a large
double basal hyaline spot and a hyaline spot in the cell, the
rest of the wing dark olive-green. Metathorax with metallic-
ereen spot. Abdomen with a pair of greenish-white spots on
in the Joicey Collection. 93
first segment; the remaining segments metallic cupreous,
with the segmental joints darker.
Expanse 46 mm.
Hab, H.C. Peru, Chanchamayo.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Delphyre leucomela, sp. n.*
Fore coxe orange, midand hind coxe black ; palpi black ;
collar orange ; thorax and abdomen black. Fore wing dark
brownish black, with a semihyaline roundish discoeellular
spot; discal area paler brownish, with elongated black
divided streaks along the veins ; median area of wing blackish ;
a triangular semihyaline spot near base within the cell and a
large elongated spot immediately below. Hind wing with
the larger basal half semihyaline; a broad black marginal
band, broadest at apex and narrowest at lower corner of cell.
Underside of fore wing dull black except for hyaline spots;
hind wing as above, except for some brownish scaling at outer
margin.
Iixpanse 28 mm.
Hab. French Guiana.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Family Sphingide.
TIMORIA, gen. nov.
Type, 7’. concolorata.
3 ¢. Antenna slender, rather short, ending in a short
hook and bristle at the apex. Tongue very long. Palpus
rather short, not conspicuously protruding. Eyes large, not
Jashed. Wings long and rather narrow. Abdomen long.
Legs long, without spines on tibize. Tarsi very heavily
spined ; mid and hind tarsi with long combs at base ; first
segment of hind tagsus very long, and longer than the other
four joints together ; hind tarsus altogether Jess than twice
the length of the cell. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing from
angle of cell. Pulvillus and paronychium present, the latter
with two flaps on each side.
Hab. Timor Laut.
The genus differs from Meganoton by the shorter antennze
and much shorter hook, the non-stalking of veins 6 and 7
of hind wing, and by the shorter and less robust legs; the
palpus is also markedly smaller and less protruding.
Timoria coneolorata, sp. n.
@. Fore wing dull blackish brown, with small pale discal
spot ; several indistinct darker striz ; a dark brown elongated
94 Mr. Hf. A. Baylis on a new Species of
basal patch ; a heavily dented and strongly curved postmedian
line; a subapical triangular brown patch, succeeded by an
intraneural series of large» brown subterminal patclies ; cilia
conspicuously chequered with white and brown. Hind wing
dull brown, paler than fore wing, with three darker indica-
tions of transverse bands near base ; basal area pale brownish
rey. Abdomen with a broad greyish-black dorsal stripe and
subdorsal black and white patches ; at base of first segment
subdorsal tufts of orange. ‘Thorax blackish brown. Abdo-
men below pale, whitish.
Expanse 100-110 mm.
Hab. Tenimber Island (W. J. Frost), 1918; 2 ¢ ¢.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
XIII.—A new Species of the Nematode Genus Crossocephalus
from the Rhinoceros. By H. A. Bayuts, M.A.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
THE genus Crossocephalus has hitherto been known only
from its type-species, C. viviparus (v. Linstow)*, which
occurs in the zebra. I have now to place on record a second
form, parasitic in a rhinoceros (2. sumatrensis) from the
Malay Peninsula. The material at my disposal is unfortu-
nately not in the most perfect state of preservation, but it
serves for the purpose of a brief description, and is sufficient,
in my opinion, to warrant the erection of a new species.
Incidentally it also throws some light on a matter which has
been a source of confusion in the descriptions of C. viviparus,
viz., the structure of the very complicated and peculiar
mouth-apparatus. m
Crossocephalus longicaudatus, sp. 0.
Host: Rhinoceros sumatrensis.
This is a short, stout little worm, tapering rather suddenly
at the anterior end, in the region of the cesophagus. The
male measures about 7 mm. in length* and 0°5 mm. in
maximum thickness, the female 9 to 10 mm. in length and
about 0°63 mm. in thickness. The cuticle has very fine
transverse striations. ‘There are no lateral ale. ‘The mouth
is provided with six chitinous jaws (fig. 1, J.), each of which
bears a row of bristles externally, and a sharp, slightly curved
* Pterocephalus viviparus, vy. Linst., 1899; Crossocephalus viviparus,
Railliet, 1909.
Crossocephalus from the Rhinoceros. 95
tooth at its free end. The jaws are arranged in three pairs,
with the bristles of each pair turned towards each other.
Between the pairs of jaws there are very slightly raised
papille (fig. 1, P.). The jaws may either be everted and
project forward, as in the figure, or they may. be completely
inverted into the buccal end of the cesophagus, in which ease
the teeth point backwards, and the rows of bristles meet in
the middle of the lumen. Behind the head there is a cuticular
collar, bearing on each side a very large forwardly curved
papilla (fig. 1, C.P.). When the jaws are inverted these
papillz: project in front of the head like a pair of horns or
ears. No second pair of “ neck-papille’’ corresponding to
those of C. viviparus has been detected.
Fig. 1.
O-4 mr.
Crossocephalus longicaudatus. The head, showing the jaws in the everted
position; dorsal view, highly magnified.
C.P., ear-like papilla on the cuticular collar; J., jaw; P., oral papilla.
The cesophagus is. about 1 mm. long, and expands into a
bulb before opening into the intestine.
The excretory pore is situated at about 2 mm. (slightly less
in the male) from the-anterior end. It is in the form of a
long transverse slit on the ventral surface, having its lips
enclosed within an oval border of radiating cuticular ridges,
as has been described and figured by Gedoelst (1916) in the
case-of the type-species.
In the male the tail (fig. 2) is 0°25-0-3 mm. long, and has
a fairly well-marked ventral flexure. ‘There are no ale.
The spicules (fig. 2, 8.) are unequal in length, measuring
96 ‘Mr. H. A. Baylis on a new Species of
respectively (in a straight line from base to tip) about
0-44 mm. and 0:24 mm. The caudal papille are rather
large and conical. ‘There are ten pairs, four preanal (fig. 2,
I-IV) and six postanal (fig. 2, 7-6). The fourth preanal
pair (JV) and the fifth postanal (5), counting from the tail-
tip, are laterally placed. ‘The second postanal pair (2) are
actually dorsal in position.
The body of the female narrows suddenly at the base of
the tail. The anus opens in a transverse fold of the cuticle,
which is followed by several wrinkles. The tail tapers to a
Fig. 2.
Crossocephalus longicaudatus. Lateral view of the tail of the male,
highly magnified.
S., spicules; 1-6, postanal papille ; I-IV, preanal papille.
fine point, and is 1'7 mm. to 1°9 mm. long. ‘The position of
the vulva has not been made out with certainty, but it is
probably very close to the anus. The uterus contains
embryos in various stages of development, not always enclosed
in an egg-membrane, and often of very large size, so that the
species is evidently viviparous, like the type-species.
The chief points in which this species differs from C. vivi-
Crossocephalus from the Rhinoceros. 97
parus, according to the descriptions of v. Linstow (1899) and
ot Gedoelst (1916), are :—
(1) The much greater length of the tail in the female.
(2) The absence of a second, flattened pair of neck-
papillee behind the cuticular collar bearing the
long ear-like papillee.
(3) The absence of the six curved anterior spines
(‘‘crochets” of Gedoelst; ‘‘ Haken ” of v. Linstow)
on the lips when the jaws are in the inverted
position,
(4) The larger number of caudal papille in the male.
The following comparative table of measurements in the
two species may serve to complete the foregoing account. It
will be observed that the correspondence between them is
remarkably close, the most striking exception being the
length of the tail in the female. All the measurements are
in millimetres. The figures in square brackets have been
calculated from v. Linstow’s fractional measurements :—
C. viviparus C. viviparus :
(v. Linstow). (Gedoelst). LE
SIE. MoH Sie te Res 3 a:
LES eee ee 632 676 |... 55-95 70 = =9-10
Thickness: ..< +s. 0-43 0°55 .. 0:28-0°512; 05 0°63
Length of ceso-
phagua. 2.5.) 1:02] [0°9] -- 10-115 10 10
Length of tail ..| [0°26] [0°55] | .. 0°575 = (0:25-0°3 1°7-1:2
Length of spi-| | 0°35, 0-44,
BIER ote 34) ste 0-26 F fit 0°24 ie
Vulva from anus. .. [2°34] | .. 0°192-0:208) . (probably
(probably an close to
error), anus),
Excretory pore) (close behind
from ant. end .| esophagus). | .. 19-22 (|(lessthan2), 2:0
Excr. pore, out-
' side measure-
ments of stri-
ated border .. ee Pe .. 04x0:055 0°31 x 0:07
Do., thickness of
border ..:..-. a zs ee OO: 0:025
As regards the structure of the mouth-parts, it has already
been stated that some confusion exists in the descriptions of
C. viviparus. ‘his appears to have been due to the fact
that v. Linstow (1899) saw examples with the jaws in both
positions—everted and inverted,—whereas Gedoelst (1916)
was dealing only with specimens having the jaws inverted
98 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and
within the cesophagus. It must he admitted, however, that
the figures accompanying v. Linstow’s account are decidedly
confusing, and it is not improbable that a failure to recognize
the manner in which the entire jaws fold down, like the
blades of a penknife, into the cesophagus, has been at the root
of the matter. The condition in the present species makes it
almost certain that the action of the jaws will be found to be
the same in C. viviparus.
One other point remains to-be noticed. It does not seem
at all clear that the “kegelformige Spitzen” of v. Linstow
are the same as the “ papilles céphaliques” of Gedoelst, as
the latter supposes, since the former not only figures them as
being within the six “ Haken,” but expressly states that this
is the case. The fact that both authors describe and figure
six outwardly directed hooks on the lips in addition to what
I have termed the jaws (‘ Fliigel”” of v. Linstow, “lames
pectinées? of Gedoelst) seems to indicate that they are both
referring to the same structure. The presence of the
“ Spitzen,”? however, seems doubtful, and one is rather led to
believe that v. Linstow’s account, in this particular, may be
erroneous, possibly as the result of a misinterpretation of the
structure of the jaws. The present species apparently
possesses neither the “Spitzen” nor the ‘ Haken,” but it
occurs to meas not impossible that the incurved terminal
teeth of the jaws, when partly, but not wholly, everted, might,
by crossing each other, give rise to the appearance of six
forwardly-directed points occupying the centre of the oral
ererture.
“The writer’s thanks are again due to Dr. G. A. K. Marshall,
of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, for the opportunity
of examining this material, which was collected by Mr. T. R.
Hubback.
REFERENCES.
Grportst,L. 1916. ‘Notes sur la Faune Parasitaire du Congo belge,”
Revue Zool. Afric. v. fase. 1, p. 1.
Linsrow, O. von. 1899. ‘Nematoden aus der Berliner Zoologischen
Sammlung,” Mitt. Mus. Nat. Berlin, 1. 2.
XIV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXXVI.
By T. D. A. Cocxeruii, University of Colorado.
Tur Indian bees recorded below were all received from
Mr. T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar.
Crocisa ramakrishne, Cockerell.
Bangalore, at flowers of Cosmos, Aug. 25 (T. B. F.);
Records of Bees. 99
Taliparamba, Malabar District, Sept. 830-Oct. 4 (Rama-
krishna Ayyar).
Crocisa histrio (Fabricius).
Beeravalli-Bellary District (C. N.). India.
Crocisa macraspis, sp. u.
¢ .—Length about 10 mm.
Robust, black, with clear white markings (hair-patches) ;
anterior wings fuliginous ; scutellum unusually large, the
apical incision broad and open, but with straight sides; no
‘white hair on scutellum, but a large white tuft beneath the
incision; thoracic markings with the usual pattern, but
median line reduced to a rather small elongate mark, stripe
above tegulze reduced to anterior portion, median and
posterior mesothoracie spots large and rounded; pleura with
a very broad median transverse band, narrowly connected
anteriorly with a large patch beneath wings, aud an isolated
round spot ventrally ; anierior and middle tibiz covered
with white hair on outer side, hind tibie with about the
basal half white, the white divided from the black diagonally ;
hind basitarsi with a small tuft of white near base; head
with white hair; white on abdomen reduced to lateral
patches; on first segment shaped much like a bird’s head
and neck (reversed), the inner projection broad and obtuse,
but narrowing toward end; marks on the other segments
broader than long. The hind femora have a rounded keel
beneath, but no tooth. .
Saidapet farm, Sept. 6, 1907, on flower (7. V. R.). The
locality is in Madras.
Differs from C. ramosa by the much larger scutellum,
_ abdominal markings, &c.; the scutellum is also quite different
from that of C. ramosella. Compared with C. reductula, it is
larger and broader, with more white hair on tibiz.
Crocisa chionotricha, sp. n.
? .—Length about 9 mm.
Looks like C. ramosella, Ckll., but is smaller, with the
markings pure white (instead of creamy white), scutellum
with white hair above the notch, and no long stripe of white
hair above the tegule. Anterior wings fuliginous; head
with white hair; markings of thorax as usual, anterior
median band reaching level of anterior end of middle pair of
spots, s'ripe above tegu e reduced to a large cuneiform mark
anteriorly ; posterior mesothoracic spots oblique ; pleura
marked nearly as in C. macraspis; scutellum deeply incised,
W-like, the points acute; middle tibiz with rather more,
and hind tibize with rather less, than basal half covered with
100 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and
white hair; abdominal markings reduced to lateral patches,
those on first segment shaped like a boot, those on second
curved upward and broadly emarginate laterally (shaped like
a human mandible), the others broader than long.
Coimbatore, S. India, the type Feb. 7, 1913 (T. V. R.);
another Jan. 1, 1913 (4. G. R.).
In Friese’s tables this runs to C. ramosa, but the seutellum
is quite different.
Crocisa reducta, Cockerell.
Described from Singapore, but the same species comes
from the Island of Penang (Baker).
The posterior and lateral mesothoracic markings have
much the outline of the stem and bowl of a clay pipe.
Crocisa crucifera, Cockerell.
Described from the Philippine Is., but I cannot separate
one from Sancdakan, Borneo (Baker, 9966).
Anthophora violacea, Lepeletier.
Parlakimedi, Nayaranapuram, Ganjam District, India,
May 1914 (Ramakrishna Ayyar). @.
Anthophora cingulifera, Cockerell.
Rockhill, 3500 ft., Coorg, Sidapur, April 1913(7.V.R.).¢.
Anthophora confusa, Smith.
Pulney Hills, 8. India, May 1917 (P. 8. Nathan). 2.
Anthophora zonata (Linnzus).
Rockhill, 3500 ft., Coorg, Sidapur, April 1913(7.V.R.).9.
Celioxys apicata, Smith. :
‘Coimbatore, India, January, May, October, November
(T. V. R., A. G. R.); Devanakonda, Kurnool District,
August (Ponniah). All females.
Celioxys dormitans, Cockerell.
Coimbatore, February, on wheat-ear (P. S.); Yemmi-
ganur, Bellary District, December (Ponniah). Females.
The female of C. dormitans differs from that of C. apicata
in the venation, the first recurrent nervure meeting the first
transverso-cubital. In other respects they are so much alike
that one hesitates to regard them as distinct. The type of
C. apicata was a female from Northern India, in the Baly
collection. My knowledge of the venation (not mentioned
in Smith’s description) comes from a female from “ India,”
from F, Smith’s collection. The group of species or races
Records of Bees. 101
related to C. decipiens, Spinola, presents difficulties which
can only be overcome in the presence of more material from
various localities.
Celioxys sexmaculata, Cameron.
Coimbatore, May 5 (7. V. R.); Devanakonda, Aug. 15
(Tav,, Re). > Kemales:
According to Bingham’s table this should have “ tarsi
with golden pubescence,” a character derived from Cameron’s
description. The specimens before me have pale ferruginous
hair on the inner side of the tarsi only ; the hind basitarsi
have white hair on the outer surface. No doubt Cameron
referred to this condition. In the case of C. fulvitarsis,
which he says is near to seemaculata, he definitely states that
the rufo-fulvous hair is on the under side of the tarsi.
Celioxys pachyrhina, sp. nu.
? .—Length about 13°5 mm., anterior wing 8 mm..
Black, including legs and tegule, except that the an-
terior legs, especially the tibiz, are rufescent anteriorly,
and the middle legs are also partly rufescent; pubescence
forming pure white markings, the white areas including
sides of face, cheeks, upper part of pleura, patch before
tegule, spot behind tegule, sides of metathorax, linear
bands on hind margins of abdominal segments, expanding
laterally, broad longitudinal bands on each side of first
segment, base and middle of first ventral segment, and
broad interrupted bands on ventral segments 2 to 4;
clypeus very prominent and very strongly keeled (roof-like),
very convex in lateral profile; a broad flattened longitudinal
elevation from the front to the upper margin of clypeus ;
mesothorax strongly punctured, with a median anterior patch
of slightly yellowish pubescence, and there are two yellowish-
white spots at base of scutellum ; scutellum rugoso-punctate
all over, very broadly rounded ; axillar spines prominent.
Wings pale fuliginous ; first r.1. Joining second s.m., as far
from base as the second from apex; hind spurs pale dull
reddish. Abdomen strongly punctured : last dorsal segment
elongated, shining, the narrow apical part strongly keeled ;
last ventral very narrow, with entire margins, extending far
beyond dorsal, and curved downward, its basal margins
(under the dorsal plate) fringed with white hair,
Devanakonda, Kurnool District, India, Aug. 15, 1913
(PT. Vi Tle
In Bingham’s table runs to C. confusa, Smith, from which
it is easily known by the structure of clypeus and front. A
Ann. & Maa N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 8
102 Mr. I. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and
really related species, with darker wings and stout axillar
spines, is C. philippensis, Bingham, from the Philippine Is.
Celioxys ramakrishne, sp. un.
3S .—Length slightly over 10 mm.
Black, including legs and tegule ; eyes greenish, with
abundant short hair; face and clypeus flat, covered with
white hair ; cheeks with a broad depressed sharply defined
band, filled with snow-white hair; vertex with large
punctures ; antenne black ; mesothorax and scutellum with
very large punctures, not covering the whole surface ; no
hair-spots on mesothorax ; scutellum broadly rounded pos-
teriorly ; axillar spines large ; pleura not densely hairy, but
a white line runs down from the tubercles ; tegule black.
Wings dilute fuliginous, hyaline basally; second sub-
marginal cell receiving recurrent nervures almost equally
far from base and apex; anterior cox spined. Abdomen
polished, strongly but sparsely punctured, hind margins of
segments with linear white hair-bands, broadening laterally ;
sides of first segment with only a rather thin and narrow
longitudinal band ; fifth segment with a small spine on each
side ; sixth (terminal) segment with long and slender lateral
spines at base, and four apical ones, the lowermost long and
slender. The fourth ventral segment is entire. Hind spurs
dark reddish.
Coimbatore, India, February (7. V. R.).
Runs in Bingham’s table to C. confusa, Smith, but appears
to differ by the longer axillar spines, more strongly
punctured abdomen, and the very small (scarcely noticeable),
white hair-marks at base of scutellum. Smith described the
female, and Bingham only gives two lines of description
for male confusa, so exact comparisons cannot be made.
Meade-Waldo, on comparing types, found that Cameron’s
C. tenuilineata from Simla was confusa. This differs from
our insect by the dense hair on base and apex of mesopleura,
and the emarginate scutellum. No doubt the two insects
are allied, but I believe them to be distinct.
Nomioides patruelis, sp. 0.
? .—Length about 4 mm.
Head circular seen from in front, dark bluish green ;
clypeus, a small round supraclypeal mark, labrum, mandibles
(except the ferruginous apical part), and the long scape in
front, all pale yellow ; flagellum pale yellowish ferruginous
beneath, reddish brown above; mesothorax bright green,
shining ; plevra dark green; metathorax black, the base
finely rugose; upper border of prothorax, tubercles, line
Records of Bees. 103
bordering axilla, two large eye-shaped areas on scutellum,
and postscutellum, all pale yellow. Wings hyaline, with
extremely pale nervures and stigma; first r.n. meeting
second t.-c.; second s.m. narrowed practically to a point
above. Legs very dark brown basally, the apices of the
femora and the tibiz and tarsi wholly yellow. Abdomen
cream-colored, the first segment basally suffused with reddish,
with a dark dot on each side, and its apical region with a
very broad well-defined black band, the margin narrowly
reddish ; segments 2 and 8 with arched black bands, leaving
a broad pale reddish area posteriorly except at sides ; seg-
ments 4 and 5 with the bands broken into a large median
spot and a band on each side; venter suffused with dusky
reddish.
Shevaroys-Yergand, India, 4500 ft., April 21-May 13
(Y. R.).
Very similar to N. parvula, Fabr. ( pulchella, Sch., cerca,
Nurse), but easily separated by the broader head, green
eyes, two marks on scutellum, and heavy abdominal banding.
Stelis tuberculata, sp. nu.
? —Length about 6 mm.
Black, with creamy-white markings as follows: band
along each side of clypeus (and sometimes whole upper part),
broad band on each side of face (narrowing above, ending as
a free finger-like projection close to upper end of each eye).
stripe on upper part of cheeks (away from eye), interrupted
band on occiput, small spot on tubercles, L-shaped mark at
lateral anterior corners of mesothorax, spot on axille,
interrupted band on scutellum, under side of anterior and
middle femora, and short stripe on hind ones, stripe on
anterior tibiz in front (the knees are ferruginous), large
mark on each side of first abdominal segment, very broadly
interrupted band on second segment, less broadly interrupted
one on third, narrowly interrupted band on fourth and fifth,
but these also interrupted laterally. Mandibles with a
yellowish spot near base, and a large red one subapically ;
lower part of clypeus with two prominent tubercles :
flagellum dark red beneath; tegule piceous, with a pallid
mark in front. Wings hyaline, with a dusky apical cloud ;
second r.n. going beyond end of second s.m. Mesothorax
dull, very closely and finely punctured. Abdomen shining,
with distinct punctures; pulvilli small, but distinct ;
anterior cox with a white apical spot.
Coorg Sanivarsandai, Hansey Estate, India, 4000 ft., on
coffee, April 29-30, 1918 (7.V.R.), type. Another
104 Descriptions and Records of Bees.
is marked Coorg Sidapur, Rockhill, 3500 ft., April 23-26,
1919 (7. V. R.).
Readily known from S. parvula, Cam., by the tuberculate
elypeus.
Lithurgus australior, Cockerell.
Described from the male. A female is from Coimbatore,
India, Dec, 24, 1918 (Ramakrishna Ayyar). It is about
125 mm. long, and runs in Friese’s table nearest to the
Australian L. dentipes, but the structure of the face is
different. It is very near LZ. scabrosus (Smith), but the
white hair-bands on abdomen are broader. The ventral
scopa is brownish black.
Ceratina binghami, Cockerell.
Salem, India, Dec. 2-18, 1914 (Ramakrishna Ayyar).
Nomia iridescens, Smith.
Bangalore, India, May (7. V. f.).
Nomia histrionica, sp. i.
g .—Length about 10°5 mm.
Running in Bingham’s table to N. curvipes, from which -
it differs conspicuously in the mesothorax, which shows the
black densely and minutely punctured surface, with a con-
spicuous band of ochreous hair all around the margins ; in
the smaller scutellum, the creamy-white hair of metathorax,
the ivory-colour (not greenish or reddish) abdominal bands,
the hair fringing sixth abdominal segment white, and the
clear red (instead of black) basal part of hind femora. In
my table in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XXXVil. p. 233, it runs to
N. aureohirta, Cam., to which it is also closely allied, differing
by the paler hair of face, the flagellum chestnut-red beneath,
the mesothorax as described above, the scutellum with the
densely punctured surface exposed, the broad tegumentary
abdominal bands bare, and the hind tibize with a large black
spot. ~The shape of the hind tibiz is also highly charac-
teristic ; the anterior margin is undulating, so that the whole
tibia resembles the head of a deer, the apical lamina
representing the ear. The abdomen has a well-developed
subapical dentiform process. It is also related to N.
eburnigera, Ckll., but the face and abdomen are broader, and
the hind tibia is different. It is quite distinct from N.
julvohirta, Cam., and N. varipes, Cam., from Allahabad.
Koilpaty, Tinnevelly, India, Dec. 3, 1906 (7. V. R.).
Andronicus cylindricus, Cresson.
Boulder, Colorado, May 14, 1919, 3 (Katherine Fitz-
gerald).
THE ANNALS
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[NINTH SERIES.}
No. 21. SEPTEMBER 1919.
XV.—Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by
Mr. G. E. Bryant and others. By Ut.-Col. Winn
Sampson, F.E.S.
Tue following pages do not complete the descriptions of the
very varied examples placed in the writer’s hands for exami-
nation, but it is hoped that the rest of the specimens may
be dealt with at an early date. At present, Mr. Bryant’s
collection has been found to contain
Family Platypodide.
Genus Crossorarsus, Chap.
Crossotarsus wallacei, Thoms. Malacca, Borneo, Sumatra.
A good series of both sexes from Sarawak (Mt. Matang
and Quop).
Crossotarsus penicillatus, Chap., ? (lege ¢). Borneo.
A number of specimens were taken on Mt. Matang, and
several females taken at the same time coincide so exactly
with the description of C. cincinnatus, Chap., that there is
little doubt the two species are merely the sexes of C. peni-
cillatus, Chap.
Crossotarsus penicillatus, Chap., ¢ (lege 3), 3 (lege ?),
nov.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 9
106 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on
Crossotarsus wollastoni, Chap., 2 (lege ¢). Borneo.
Amongst the specimens of this species taken in Sarawak
(Quop) is one that may be the female (nec Chap.), but
further material is necessary before deciding the question.
Crossotarsus squamulatus, Chap., ¢ (lege ¢). Java.
Hitherto only taken in Java, but now captured by
Mr. Bryant at Penang and Sarawak (Quop).
Herr Strohmeyer suggests that C. fragmentus, Samp., may
be the male of this spegies. My type, now in the British
Museum, was described from a Singapore specimen, and
since then I have received a long series of both sexes bred
by Mr. C. F. C. Beeson, Imperial Forest Zoologist, Dehra
Dun, from Sundri Wood, the females of which agree with
Chapuis’s type in the British Museum; but if my species is
the male, then C. sguamulatus, Chap., must be transferred
to the group subdepressi from the coleoptrati.
As regards Strohmeyer’s further suggestion, that C. fractus,
Samp., may be the male of C. venustus, Chap., he has over-
looked the fact that Mr. Blanford described the male of this
species twenty-four years ago (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6,
vol. xv., April 1895, p. 324).
Genus PuatyPus, Chap.
Platypus perrisi, Chap., 3 ¢ (lege ¢ ¢). Borneo, Malacca.
Further specimens from Sarawak (Mt. Matang) and a
female from Penang.
Platypus westwoodi, Chap., ¢ (lege 3). Borneo.
One male from Penang, also a single female from Sarawak
(Mt. Matang) that is probably the undescribed female of
this species or P. signatus, Chap.
Platypus solidus, Walk. Ceylon, India, Sunda Is.
Two specimens from Penang.
Platypus pilifrons, Chap.,¢. India and Indian Archipelago.
One example from Penang.
Chapuis considered this to be the male (lege ?) of
P. solidus Walk. Herr Strohmeyer has not mentioned this
species in his fascicule in the ‘ Genera Insectorum,’ although
it is placed in the group Platypi Oxyuri in his list of the
Platypodide (Coleopt. Catalog. W. Junk, 20, vi. 1912,
p. 17).
Platypodide and Scolytide. 107
Platypus candezei, Chap., 3 2 (lege? 3g). Borneo, Malacca.
A single male specimen from Sarawak (Puak) and others
from Sarawak (Mt. Matang).
Platypus suffodiens, Samp.
In the description of this species published in the Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii., Nov. 1913, the following
was accidentally omitted, and should be added at the
end of the description of the male: The abdominal segments
in both sexes are hairy, the fourth segment in the male
having a transverse row of stiff bristles on each side of the
centre, the other segments being furnished with transverse
rows of piliferous tubercles, the fifth segment being the
most strongly tuberculate at the apex and variclose on the
rest of the surface ; in the female, the hairs are more scanty
and the variolosity slighter.
Genus Drapus, Chap.
Diapus pusillimus, Chap., § 2 (lege 2 g). New Guinea.
Both sexes from Penang and a male from Sarawak (Mt.
Matang).
Diapus quinquespinatus, Chap., g ? (lege 2 3). Celebes,
Borneo, New Guinea, Morty, Java.
The sexes were taken at Sarawak (Mt. Matang).
Family Scolytide.
Genus Diamerus, Er.
The following new species was taken by Mr. Bryant in
Sarawak (Mt. Merinjak) :—
Diamerus merinjaki, sp. n.
Black, slightly shining. Front elongate, concave, and
narrow, covered with palish hairs and closely punctured,
with a slight central depression ; eyes large, vertical and not
emarginate ; antennz inserted at the base of the eyes in
deep depressions; the funicular joints slightly hairy, the
antennal club elongate and broadened apically, the surface
solid with two lateral septa meeting diagonally in the centre,
the rest of the surface being hairy and porous. Prothorax
transverse with rounded sides, the frontal edge straight with
a broad margin, the posterior angles rounded, the whole
; 9%
108 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on
surface very deeply punctured and covered with thick, black,
erect hairs; there is an obscure median line on the basal
third. Scutellum absent. Elytra slightly more than twice
as long as the prothorax and broadef except basally, where
they are abruptly narrowed to the size of the prothoracic
base, increasing in width until again narrowed at the blunt
apex, punctate-striate, the interstices convex, with rows of
punctures and short semi-erect scale-like brownish hairs,
the declivity somewhat abruptly rounded both dorsally and
laterally. Anterior cox widely separated. The antenne
and tarsi testaceous.
Long. 6°3 mm.
Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (Bryant).
This species differs from any other of the genus known to
me by the greater size, the increasing breadth of the elytra
apically, the very deeply punctured thorax, the different
construction of the antennal club, etc.
There is an undescribed specimen collected at the same
time with parallel-sided elytra and of smaller size, which may
prove to be the male when more material is available.
The next species was taken also in Sarawak (Mt. Matang) :—
Diamerus matangi, sp. u.
Black, slightly shiny. Front elongate, concave, and
narrow, Closely punctured and with a central depression ;
eyes large, vertical, and not emarginate ; funicular joints
somewhat hairy, club solid, not broadened apically and
having a septum placed diagonally from the basal third to
the centre, and another faintly marked one immediately
anterior to the first and parallel to it. Prothorax transverse
with rounded sides and very slightly contracted anteriorly
and at the base, the whole surface semi-opaque, closely and
evenly punctured with a faint median line from the base
towards the centre. Scutellum absent. Elytra more than
twice as long as, and slightly broader than, the prothorax
except at the immediate base; punctate-striate, the inter-
stices convex with rows of semi-erect hairs and punctures ;
the elytral surface convex from base to apex where there is
a very slight thickening of the sutural angle. The anterior
coxve are widely separated.
Long. 4°5-5'1 mm.
Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (Bryant).
This species is very similar to the last, but smaller, and
has a differently constructed antennal club, the prothoracic
punctures are also much smaller. A similar broadening of
Platypodide and Scolytide. 109
the elytra laterally from near the base to the apex is common
to both species, but in the present one there is a slight pro-
duction of the elytra at the sutural apex, of which the former
shows no trace. The regular and shiny punctures of the
elytral striz are more evident than in the preceding species.
Genus XyLEesorvs, Eichh.
Xyleborus submarginatus, Blandf., ¢ .
Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes) ; Ceylon (Thwaites in
Mus. Oxon.) ; Celebes (Wallace); New Guinea, Dorey
(Wallace).
A single specimen now taken in Sarawak (Mt. Matang).
Xyleborus sumatranus, Haged.
Hab. Sumatra.
One example from Sarawak (Mt. Matang).
The following two new species were taken at Sarawak :—
Xyleborus comans, sp. n.
Black, globose; antenne and tarsi ferruginous. Front
nearly flat, thickly hairy with a transverse row of paler hairs
over the mouth; rugose, the rugosity becoming longitudi-
nally confluent apically. Prothoraz as broad as long, rounded
laterally and anteriorly, the front sharply depressed with
two large and two small-prominent recurved tubercles on
the anterior edge, the surface rugose as far as the central
transverse gibbosity and punctured posteriorly, the whole
surface densely hairy with a very thick transverse ridge of
erect hair just before the base. Scutellum absent. Elytra
. the same length as the prothorax, laterally rounded to the
blunted apex and furnished with obscure rows of piliferous
punctures; an abrupt depression commences before the
middle and is margined by a few obscure tubercles, the suture
being raised and the apex margined on the apical half; the
fundus is furnished with more or less irregular piliferous
punctures.
Long. 6 mm.
Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Mt. Merinjak and Quop) (G. E.
Bryant).
This species differs from Hagedorn’s very incomplete
description of X. ursinus in size, the frontal tubercles, the
basal prothoracic collar of thick hair, and the length of the
elytra, etc. It is no doubt allied to, but varies in many
110 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on
respects from, X. hirtus, Hichh., and X. geminatus, Eichh.,
both described from single specimens taken in India (Dar-
jeeling).
The prothoracic tubercles vary in size in different speci-
mens, but there are generally four more prominent than the
rest.
Ayleborus bryanti, sp. n.
Black, semiopaque. vront slightly convex and strongly
punctured apically, becoming longitudinally aciculate to-
wards the vertex and having a short median elevation from
the epistoma to a slight central depression, also a transverse
row of pale hairs anteriorly ; eyes transverse and entire.
Prothoraz subquadrate, anteriorly rounded but emarginate
in the centre and crenate on either side, rugose anteriorly
to the prominent central gibbosity, the posterior portion
smoother and punctured laterally, the basal angles sub-
rectangular. lytra half as long again as the prothorax
and of equal width, sides nearly parallel to past the centre
and then narrowed to the rounded apex; viewed laterally,
the elytra appear slightly elevated a short distance from the
base, this being caused by the local enlargement of the 3rd |
and 4th interstices; the striz consist of closely placed
shallow impressions with centres of minute dots; the Ist
interstice obscurely tuberculate, the 2nd ceasing after the
basal third, being continued again from the declivity to the
apex, the 3rd interstice is the most prominent and is tuber-
culate from the basal third, the whole surface, except the
raised portions of the 3rd and 4th interstices, of a dull black
colour, the declivity being somewhat flattened.
Long. 6°5 mm.
Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Mt. Matang) (Bryant).
‘There is a similarity in the facies of this species and those
forming the cone-shaped group of Xyleborus, such as X. cune-
atus, X. andrewesi, etc., and the strial impressions are very
like those of X. comptus described below, these markings
differing from the umbilicate punctures of Crossotarsus
fuirmairei, Chap., in the Platypodide.
Ayleborus submarginatus, Bldf., ? .
Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes) ; Ceylon (Thwaites, in
Mus. Oxon.); Celebes (Wallace) ; New Guinea, Dorey
(Wallace).
A single specimen was taken in Sarawak (Mt. Matang).
Platypodide and ‘Scolytide. Bol
Ayleborus sumatranus, Haged.
Hab. Sumatra.
One specimen from Sarawak (Mt. Matang).
Xyleborus scabripennis, Bldf., ? .
Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace) ; Sumatra, from tobacco
(Grouvelle).
One example from Penang and another from Sarawak
(Mt. Matang).
The next two new species of Xyleborus were taken, one by
Mr. E. Ernest Green in Ceylon, the other by Mr. C. F. C.
Beeson in Bengal :—
Xyleborus comptus, sp. n.
Cylindrical, dark brown, with prothorax paler than the
elytra. Hront convex, rugose, with slight fringe over the
mouth. Prothorax subglobose, sides slightly and front
strongly rounded, anteriorly asperate to the transverse node
and posteriorly faintly punctate. H/lytra less than one-third
longer than the prothorax and slightly narrower, the sides
nearly parallel and obtusely rounded at the apex ; the strize
are furnished with large but shallow depressions, which
decrease in size towards the base, the interstices are slightly
convex with uniseriate punctures, except the second which
is biseriate up to the declivity and deeply depressed towards
the apex, the elytral declivity is semiopaque.
Long. 2°6 mm.
Hab, Ceylon (E. E. Green).
Food-plant, Hevea brasiliensis.
Xyleborus undulatus, sp. n.
?. Cylindrical, brown and somewhat shiny, sparsely
pilose. Front dark and subconvex, sparsely punctured on a
reticulate surface with a longitudinal carina extending half-
way to the vertex, the mouth thinly fringed, eyes deeply
emarginate. Prothoraa slightly longer than broad, strongly
rounded apically and much less so laterally, transversely
scabrous as far as the prominent transverse gibbosity, poste-
riorly finely reticulate and sparsely granulate and _ hairy,
paler in colour than the elytra and with a faintly marked
longitudinal. median smooth space from the base to the
transverse ridge. lytra about one-fourth longer than the
prothorax and of equal breadth at the broadest part of each,
with a transverse depression commencing near the base and
142 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on
extending to the centre, the declivity beginning before the
apical third ; laterally narrowed from near the base to the
apical third and then broadening again before the bluntly
rounded apex, the strize are furnished with large variolose
impressions increasing in size from the base and each having
a minute hair at its circumference; the interstices flat with
minute piliferous punctures partially replaced in the first six
interstices by tubercles before the rounded declivity, the
second interstice being unarmed to the apex which is acutely
margined ; the elytral base is furnished with a transverse
row of longish hairs along the edge. The legs and antennz
testaceous.
Long. 2 mm.
Hab. Bengal, India (C. Beeson).
The elytral depression gives the appearance of a saddle-
back to this species, which is very distinctive, although it is
similar in many ways to X. laticollis, Bldf., which, however,
is much larger, with a differently shaped prothorax and
elytral declivity, etc. Sh
Genus Eccorrorrerus, Motsch.
Eccoptopterus, Motsch. Bull. Mose. xxxvi. 1863, i. p. 515.
Platydactylus, Kichh. Not. Leyden Mus. viii. 1886, p. 110.
Eurydactylus, Haged. Deut. Ent, Zeit. 1909, p. 733.
Eccoptopterus gracilipes, Kichh,
Hab. Molucea.
Several females from Sarawak (Quop).
Genus Puia@osinus, Chap.
The following species is described from a long series is
the Caleutta Museum Collection; they are only labelled
“‘Deyhra Dun,” and there is no locality mentioned :—
Phiewosinus jubatus, sp. u.
3. Oblong; head black, and in mature specimens the
prothorax is black and the elytra a deep brown. Front
slightly concave, rugose, with a median shiny ridge to the
centre. Prothorax not longer than broad, narrowed apically ;
the dorsum slightly flattened in a semicircle from the anterior
end of the shiny median line, as far as two other shiny
spaces on each side of the basal third; the anterior edge
furnished with a broad polished band, the rest of the pro-
thoracic surface being covered with piliferous punctures,
with longer hairs on the sides. Jlytra striate, the striz
Platypodide and Scolytide. 113
consisting of rows of double lunate plates facing each other
transversely but separated, the intervening space furnished
with a single hair bent towards the apex of the elytra; the
interstices transversely rugose and sparsely hairy, the de-
clivity commencing at the apical third, with a fundus formed
by the outward deflexion of the first interstice, the continued
narrowing of the second until the subsequent fusion of the
first and third, leaving a flat, dull, irregularly punctured
surface to the apex ; interstices 1 and 3 become strongly
toothed at the commencement of the declivity, and 5 and 7
have smaller teeth closer to the apex ; the basal edge of the
elytra is raised and strongly toothed.
Long. 3-3°5 mm.
Hab. India,
2. Differs from the male in the slightly convex front
and stronger longitudinal rugosity, and in the rather shal-
lower and narrower fundus, as well as in the smaller inter-
stitial teeth. Immature specimens are very pale in colour,
but the prothorax eventually becomes black and shining,
and the elytra a dark brown.
Long. 3°5 mm.
If the single specimen in my collection of P. cristatus,
Lec., is correctly named, the present species is very nearly
allied to it, but in the former the interstices are straight, the
first and second become obsolete at the declivity, and the
third only has large black tubercles.
Genus CryPHaLvs, Er.
The new species of Cryphalus is determined from a series
of specimens in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes :—
Cryphalus corpulentus, sp. n.
3. Subovate, brown. Front slightly concave and punc-
tate, longitudinally aciculate at the vertex. Prothorax
transverse, sharply narrowed apically, with 4-6 frontal
tubercles, above which are two central ones and three con-
centric transverse elevations, the last being on the vertex
of the prothoracic gibbosity. /ytra lineate-punctate, the
striz faintly impressed and furnished with small irregularly
placed scales, the interstices nearly flat with large erect
scales of a pale colour and placed at considerable intervals
apart.
Long. 1°4-1°5 mm.
Hab. India, Nilgiri Hills.
114 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a
?. Similar to the male, but with the front slightly convex,
the prothorax less sharply contracted apically, and with the
two prothoracic tubercles replaced by a concentric ridge.
Long. 1°4—1°5 mm.
Hab. India, Nilgiri Hills.
Type in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes.
In neither sex do there appear to be many scales on the
prothorax, unless they have been worn off in the series of
specimens examined. The species is very closely allied to
C. tihe, Panz., but is easily separated from it by the elytral
clothing alone.
Genus Wessia, Hopk.
Webbia dipterocarpi, Hopk., 3 ?.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
Several females from Penang anda pair from Sarawak
(Mt. Matang).
XVI.—On a curious Malformation in Teenia saginata.
By H. A. BAy.is, M.A.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
A VERY curious specimen of the common tapeworm of man,
Tenia saginata, recently came into my hands through the
courtesy of Mr. W. 'T. Hillier, of the Pathological Depart-
ment of the Queen’s Hospital for Children, Hackney. As is
so often the case with cestodes removed by anthelminthic
remedies, the head and anterior portion of the strobila were
not recovered. ‘Tle absence of the head is regrettable, as it
might have thrown interesting light on the peculiarities of
the worm.
The total length of the fragment recovered was about
165 cm. In its general shape and appearance there is nothing
remarkable. It is flattened dorso-ventrally as usual, and
most of the segments are of the size and shape characteristic
of T. saginata. On closer inspection, however, two types of
anomaly are found to occur very frequently :—
(1) Imperfectly divided segments, with two or more genital
pores on alternate sides, and a separate set of in-
ternal organs corresponding to each pore.
(2) Segments normally divided from their neighbours, but
with two genital pores, on opposite sides but at the
same level.
curtous Malformation in Teenia saginata. 115
Some idea of the proportions of normal and abnormal
segments in this specimen may be gathered from the follow-
ing figures for a portion measuring about 70 cm, in length.
Complete intersegmental divisions ,..... 5: spare eye ovale gor 00
Imperfect intersegmental divisions ............ Brite ork
N ormally-divided segments with single pore Naud
CONAUAOTIS cove ieeiees Gist sn Maleidertaliaté aw 9 6 Sale
Normally-divided segments with two opposite pores ea ae
The first-mentioned kind of abnormality calls for passing
comment only. It is by no means uncommon in Tenia
saginata; indeed, as Leuckart * remarks, “ traces of it may
be seen in almost every chain.” ‘The commonest case is that
in which the division extends only a little way across the
width of the strobila. Sometimes it reaches to the middle
line, or beyond it. Owing to the divided side being longer
than the undivided side of the joint, the partial dividing-line
usually curves forwards somewhat before it disappears. ‘This
forward curve may be carried so far that it meets the pre-
ceding intersegmental division, in which case a triangular
‘supernumerary 7’ segment is formed, wedged in between
two normal segments. Such “ supernumerary ” ” seoments
may occasionally be the starting-points of the double, or
rather forked, chains of segments that are sometimes met
with.
The second anomaly ep eaibats with two opposite genital
pores) ismoreremarkable. Leuckart observed such segments
in 7. saginata, but says of them J ‘here one finds behind
each opening a set of male and female ducts, with cirrhus-
pouch and vesicula seminalis, but the reproductive organs
proper are as usual—the two vaginee passing into a common
shell-gland, and into a single uterus.’’? In the present case,
however, further examination shows that. the reduplication is
not confined to the pores and ducts—th re are: two complete
and bilaterally symmetrical sets of genital organs in each of
the segments with double pores. Kach vagina has its own
distinct shell-gland, yolk-gland, ovary, and ‘uterus. The two
uteri present a remarkable appearance in gravid segments
(see figure), running forward parallel to each other, and each
sending out the usual lateral branches. The branches on the
two inner, opposed sides of the uteri, however, have not room
enough for their normal development, and are stunted and
frequently unbranched, many of them containing few or no
* ‘The Parasites of Man,’ English translation by W. E. Hoyle,
1886, p. 450.
+ Lc. p. 451,
116 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a
ova; while the branches on the outer sides appear normal.
In younger segments the finger-shaped lobes of the inner
halves of the two ovaries are in close contact and somewhat
confused.
As regards the female apparatus the condition in most of
the segments of this worm is similar to that normally found
in certain genera of cestodes (Dipylidium, Moniezia, Citto-
tenia, to mention only a few well-known examples), but
Gravid segment of Tenia saginata, showing abnormal, bilaterally
symmetrical arrangement of the genital organs.
P., P., the two genital pores, from which the two vagine, V., V., lead
to two shell-glands, S., S. From these the main stems (U¢., Ut.)
of the two uteri extend forward parallel to each other.
unknown in Tenia. Were T. saginata not well known to be
a variable species, such a peculiarity might have been con-
sidered sufficient ground for creating not merely a new species
but even a new genus. There can, however, be no question
of this kind in this case, for two reasons. In the first place,
the strobila is not entirely composed of double segments, but
here and there we find a normal segment with a single pore
and median uterus. In the second place, the reduplication
extends also to the male organs—not only to the ducts, but
curious Malformation in-Tzenia saginata. 117
to the testes themselves. This is shown by the great over-
crowding of these organs in the median field of the segments,
between the two uteri. Here we have, I think, clear evidence
that two sets of testes, enough for two segments—fused
together, as it were, side by side,—overlap each other at the
point of junction.
Both sets of organs in the double segments appear to be
functionally active, as is shown by the presence of spermatozoa
in the two vasa deferentia, and by the large numbers of
normal ova in the two uteri.
Apart-from the genital apparatus, the double segments
appear to be normal—the excretory system, for example,
shows only the usual two pairs of longitudinal vessels and
the usual transverse connections.
In examining the possible causes of this malformation, it
must not be confused with the cases of “ triradiate,”’ “ pris-
matic,” or “ polyradiate” cestodes, which have been noted
by many observers, and recently studied by Foster *, who has
found forty-four instances of the phenomenon mentioned in
literature. The triradiate forms, as far as is known, are
always associated with a triradiate scolex, with six suckers
instead of four, and their segments usually have only a single
genital pore situated on one of the three “ wings.” Where
two or more pores are present, they are not, as in the present
case, placed at the same level on opposite sides, but one
behind the other, usually in regular alternation. It is not,
therefore, to cases of this sort that we must look for an
explanation of the double symmetrical arrangement. Had
the scolex been available, it is, of course, possible that the
worm might have proved to be some kind of “ double-headed
monster” ; but this is rendered rather improbable by the fact
that a certain proportion (though a very small one) of the
segments are of normal type, with single pore and single set
of genital organs. .
On the whole, it seems more likely that we have here a
case where the tendency repeatedly to form partially-divided
and ‘supernumerary ” segments, which has been seen to be
very marked, has been carried a step further than usual, and
many of the divisions have failed to make their appearance
at all. We know that there is a tendency for supernumerary
segments to assume a position diagonal to the long axis of
the worm, and that they often cause the succeeding segment
to be pushed out laterally in the opposite direction so as to
form a kind of “elbow” in the strobila. If this process
* ‘Journal of Parasitology, il. no. 1 (1915), p. 7,
118 Colonel C. Swinhoe on
were pushed to extremes at the time of the formation of the
young segments (when presumably they are in a plastic
. condition), and if at the same time the intersegmental divi-
sion were suppressed, the result would be a “double segment”’
of the kind that has been described. - It.is difficult, of course,
to understand what force or forces may have been operating
to bring about such a condition, but it is suggested that some
such process may have been the cause of this malformation,
rather than that the specimen is a ‘‘ double monster.”
Although a number of records are to be found in literature
of segments of JZ. saginata with two opposite or nearly
opposite genital pores, I have been unable to find an account
of a case similar to the present example, with two bilaterally
symmetrical sets of internal organs. A very curious case
has, however, been described and figured by Blanchard ™%,
where a single segment, in a chain otherwise consisting of
quite normal segments, contained a set of organs at each end,
both leading into a common uterus in the normal median
position. The ovary, yolk-gland and associated organs at
the posterior end of the segment were arranged in the usual
order, but those at the anterior end were reversed, so as to
form a “mirror-image” of the former. Hach set had its own
ducts and pore, the pores being situated one on either side of
the segment, but not quite opposite to each other. Although
this has been referred to asa single segment, it ought perhaps
to be regarded as two segments, since there was a partial
transverse division on one side.
XVIT.—Jndo- Malayan and Australian Noctuide.
By Colonel C. Swinuoz, M.A., F.L.S., &c.
Subfamily Sarroruriprv2.
Characoma perfecta, nov.
3. Upperside: fore wing grey irrorated and suffused
with pale black, a deep black patch on middle of costa
angled downwards, narrowly extending on costa to near
apex, and also to the base of the wing, its inner edge with
a white patch irrorated with black and containing on its
lower part three black spots and another below near the
* Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xv. 1890, p. 166, The writer is indebted
to Prof. A. Railliet for drawing his attention to this case.
Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. ng
hinder margin ; two black spots on a whitish ground in the
middle of the disc, a white spot at the base of the wing ;
a postmedial outwardly curved, dentated white line and
another submarginal, marginal line finely dark brown ; cilia
checkered white and brown : hind wing dark brownish grey,
marginal line and cilia as on the fore wing ; head and body
dark grey, a white spot on the middle of the thorax, the
abdomen with some whitish suffusion especially at its
extremity. Underside grey: fore wing grey, a white spot
in the middle: hind wing paler, with some whitish in the
interspaces ; face and body white, legs grey above, white
beneath.
Expanse of wings, 775 inch.
Hab. Khasia Hills.
Characoma araca, nov.
S 2. Fore wing greyish white minutely irrorated with
black atoms, four highly deutated transverse black lines,
subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal, the first
and second lines constricted hindwards, the third bent out-
ward in its middle, a blackish patch on the costa against the
outer side of the third line, a black costal spot on the sub-
marginal line, all the lines more or less finely bordered with
white, a series of minute black lunules pricked with white
on the outer margin ; cilia coloured like the wing, crossed by
darker grey lines opposite the vein ends : hind wing whitish,
semihyaline, tinged with grey on the costa and outer border,
veins grey ; head and body concolorous with the wings.
Underside nearly uniform pale grey, three white dots near
the apex on the costa of the fore wing ; palpi beneath, face
and body smeared with white; legs striped with white.
Expanse of wings, 1 inch.
Hab. Khasia Hills, 1 go, 4 2.
Giaura multipunctata, nov.
Symitha punctata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 236, pl. vii.
fig. 15 (preeoce.).
Hab. Tenasserim, Khasia Hills, Nilgiri Hills.
Lucas, in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, (2) iv.
p- 1675 (April 1890), described Sarotricha punctata from
Queensland, Australia ; it is also a Giaura, and in Phal. xi.
p- 284, Sir George Hampson has put my name as a synonym
to Lucas’s name. I eannot believe that a rare Australian
species is the same as an equally rare Indian species. Un-
fortunately I have no Australian punctata to dissect, but in
120 Colonel C. Swinhoe on
every instance but one (a common Perigea) all the genitalia
I have had examined show a marked difference between
Australian and Indian forms.
Selepa demiota.
Sarotricha demiota, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 464 (Q only).
Plotheia gerea, Hampson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p. 582
(1905).
Selepa gerea, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 300, pl. clxxxii. fig. 15 (1912).
Hab. Port Moresby, Br. N. Guinea, Queensland, Australia.
Meyrick described both sexes ; if his male really falls to
Walker’s type of Selepa circulella from Celebes (see Phal. xi.
p. 303), and his female is the same as Hampson’s gerea from
Queensland, Meyrick’s name must take precedence.
Barasa suffida, nov.
¢. Fore wing milk-white irrorated with minute grey
atoms, the costal portions slightly the darkest, the costa
with black spots on the outer half, commencing with minute
dots and gradually enlarging towards the apex, transverse
lines ochreous-grey, indistinct basal, antemedial (double,
well separated), and somewhat sinuous, medial similar, but.
more sinuous and bent inwards on the hinder margin ; post-
medial line commencing with two black dots somewhat
sinuous and bent inwards in a square form in its middle,
submarginal line in a round curve, the upper half of it
formed of black dentations, all the lines with white outer
edgings, marginal line grey inwardly pricked with white ;
cilia grey with a white base: hind wing greyish white, the
costal portion slightly suffused with grey ; palpi black, last
joint white; head-and body concolorous with the wings,
abdomen with some white marks. Underside uniform pale
grey ; costa of fore wing with black and white dots.
Expanse of wings, | inch.
Hab. Khasia Hills.
Superficially somewhat resembles B. costalis, Hampson,
from Bhutan.
Subfamily Opowropivz.
Stictoptera anca, nov.
@. Fore wing pale fawn-colour, ochreous-tinged ; costa
and hinder margin suffused with grey, costal line brown,
a brown costal patch at the apex ; a longitudinal brown band
Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuids. 121
through the middle of the wing, from the base to the outer
margin a little above the middle, another similar but
shorter band, edged outwardly with white across the hinder
angle, the white continued upwards in lunules near the
margin, all the lunules inwardly edged with brown; ante-
ciliary line white, inwardly edged with black in slight
inward curves in the interspaces; cilia grey: hind wing
white slightly greyish, nearly hyaline, the veins grey ; costal
and marginal borders broadly black, broadest at the apex.
Underside: fore wing uniform blackish brown: hind wing as
on the upperside ; palpi, head, and collar dark brown above,
abdomen grey; on the underside the palpi white, the body
and legs dark grey, the abdomen with some white suffusion.
Expanse of wings, 1,4, inch.
Hab. Khasia Hills, two examples.
Gyrtona yucca.
Gyrtona yucca, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p. 264 (1893).
Gyrtona divitalts, Hampson (part.), Phal. xi. p. 217, pl. clxxx. fig. 1
(1912).
Type, Singapore. I have it also from Goping Perak, the
Andaman Islands, and Ceylon; it appears to me to be
perfectly distinct from divitalis, Waiker, from Borneo. I
cannot make out what Hampson’s figure represents ; it is
nearly three times the size of my species and very different
in colour and markings.
Lophoptera apirtha.
Stictoptera aptrtha, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. ii. p. 92 (1900),
Gyrtona chalybea, Butler, P. Z. 5. 1888, p. 163 (nom. preeoce.) *.
Stictoptera chalybea, Hampson, Moths India, iv., App. p. 529 (1896).
Lophoptera plumbeola, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 184, pl. clxxviii. tig. 27
(1912).
Type, Solon, Simla, in B.M. Type?, from the same
locality, im my collection. I have it also from Sikkim,
Khasia Hills, Fort Stedman, and Port Blair, Andamans;
Sir George Hampson makes no mention of my species;
he appears to have described my type of apirtha from
Simla as plumbeola. I suppose my type-label has dropped
off the specimen in the B.M.
Lophoptera hampsoni, nov.
Gyrtona chalybea, Hampson, Il. Het. B.M. viii. p. 86, pl. cxlvi. fig, 24
(1891).
Lophoptera chalybea, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 187 (1912) (preocc.) *.
Hab. Nilgiris.
* Phal. xi. p. 191.
Ann. & Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. ; 10
122 Colonel C. Swinhoe on —
Lophoptera cerea.
Stictoptera cerea, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 167
(1897).
Lophoptera pustulifera, Hampson (part.), Phal. xi. p. 190, pl. clxxix.
fic. 5 (1912).
Hab. Gilolo.
Cerea is not the same as the Sarawak species pustulifera.
I have both species in my collection, both sexes of cerea,
from Gilolo. Itis nearly double the size of Walker’s species ;
the hind wings have a pure white cilia, whereas in pustuli-
fera they are checkered white with clean-cut brown spots
opposite the vein ends.
Subfamily Nocrvrvz.
Simplicia schaldusalis.
Bocana schaldusalis, Walker, xvi. p. 180 (1858).
Culicula bimarginata, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soe, vil. p. 178 (1864).
Simplicia infausta, Felder, Reise Noy. Lep. pl. cxx. fig. 45 (1873).
Simplicia griseolimbalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxix. p. 47, pl. ii.
fig. 4 (1886).
Simplicia schaldusalis, Hampson, Moths of India, iii. p. 35 (1895) ;
Swinhoe (part.), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, xix. p. 341 (1917).
Type, Sarawak, Borneo, in B.M.
Type, bimarginata, Sarawak, in Mus. Oxon.
Type, infausta, Sarawak, in Mus. Rothschild.
Type, griseolimbalis, Sumatra, in Coll. Snellen.
I have examples also from Singapur, Obi Isl. (Moluccas),
and from the Solomon Isls., and they all seem to be identical.
Simplicia moore, nov.
Nabartha marginata, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii, p. 234, pl. elxxvii. fig. 2
(1885) (preeoce.) *.
Simplicia schaldusalis, Hampson (part.), Moths of India, iii. p. 35
(1895).
Type, Ceylon, in B.M. I have three examples from
Kandy and Gampola in Ceylon; they appear to me to be
quite distinct from schaldusalis, especially on the underside.
Floccicura trilinea.
Simplicia trilinea, Beth.-Baker, Nov, Zool. xv. p. 205 (1908).
Type, Br. N. Guinea, in Coll, Bethune-Baker. I have
four examples from N. Guinea, one from Perak, and one
each from Madras, Assam, and Sikkim.
* Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 195, pl. vi. fig. 19 (1882).
Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. 123
Libisosa obiana, nov.
&o ?. A smaller insect than ceneusalis, Walker, from
Queensland, or phedrusalis, Walker, from Borreo: fore
wing narrower ; hind wing white.
Hab. Obi, six examples.
Plecoptera occulata.
Poaphila occulata, Moore, Lep. Atkinson, p. 172, pl. v. fig. 11 (1882).
Heliothis juncea, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 448, pl. xxvil. fig. 4.
Heliothis resistens, Hampson (nec Walker), Moths of India, ii, p. 519
(1894).
Hab. Khasia Hills, Bombay.
I have a long series of both sexes ; it is a perfectly distinct
species, no variations. Moore’s figure is so bad I did not
recognize it when describing juncea, and the type was in
coll. Staudinger, in Germany.
Plecoptera quesita.
Remigia quesita, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 468, pl. xxvii. fig. 8.
Heliothis resistens, Hampson (nec Walker), Moths of India, ii. p.519
(1894). .
Hab. Khasia Hills, Bombay, Nilgiris, Burma, Andamans,
Gugerat.
I have along series of both sexes; no variations, All these
Plecopteras are very constant in their coloration and pattern.
Oresia argyrosigna.
Oresia argyrosigna, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 77, pl. cliii. fig. 4
(1884).
Calpe provocans, Hampson (nec Walker), Moths of India, ii. p. 565
(1894).
Hab. Ceylon, Nilgiris, Sikkim, Assam.
Provocans is an African insect, and is certainly not the
same as the Indian species. I have it from Natal, where the
type came from ; the shading is somewhat similar, but it is
otherwise different in character. I will publish the genitalia
of both in another paper.
Genus ATTONDA, nov.
Palpi and venation as in Acantholipes, antennz of male
minutely ciliated: fore wing with the costa nearly straight,
apex subacute, outer margin evenly rounded, wing broad :
10*
124 Colonel C. Swinhoe on
hind wing also broad, the outer margin rounded, the entire
shape of the wings almost more like Capnodes than
Acantholipes.
Type, Capnodes trifasciata, Moore, P. Z.S. 1877, p. 612.
Acantholipes trifasciatus, Hampson, Moths of India, ii. p. 528
(1894).
Attonda natha, nov.
& ¢. Upperside: palpi, head, body, and both wings very
dark liver-brown, transverse lines indistinct, black, very fine
and dentated, five on the fore wing and four on the hind
wing, the antemedial line of the fore wing absent : the fore
wing has a white subcostal dot near the base, two just before
the antemedial line, and four or five on the postmedial line,
aud the hind wing has four or five similar dots on the
medial line, all very minute, and black dots on the outer
inargin of both wings. Underside pale brownish, the hinder
margin of fore wing and abdominal margin of hind wing
whitish ; two postmedial outwardly curved brown lines on
both wings and lunulate marginal black line.
Expanse of wings, 1,2, inch.
Hab. Cape York, Australia.
Diomea padanga, nov.
@. Palpi, head, thorax, and fore wing uniformly dark
cupreous brown : fore wing with six white costal dots, one
near the apex, the largest joined to a somewhat larger white
spot immediately below it ; outer marginal line ochreous,
cilia dark greyish brown: hind wing pale brown inclining to
greyish on the abdominal half; outer marginal line ochreous,
somewhat lunulate ; cilia as in the fore wing; abdomen con-
colorous with the hind wing. Underside: fore wing pale
brown, a short ochreous mark on the outer margin from the
apex, hinder marginal area pale grey, a transverse postmedial
brown line, outwardly curved ; body, legs, and hind wing
grey.
Expanse of wings, 1,1, inch.
Hab, Padang, Sumatra.
Hypospila andamana, nov.
d. Palpi, head, body, and both wings brownish ochreous :
fore wing with a small white spot at the end of the cell and
two white dots in an inwardly oblique line below it ; a broad
Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. 125
blackish patch across the wing before the middle, broad at
the costa and gradually somewhat narrowing to the hinder
margin, the outer margin of the patch curving round the
white spot, then straight down to the hinder margin ; ante-
medial and medial black, irregular and thin transverse lines,
the medial line running through the outer margin of the
patch, a blackish thin straight band from near the apex of
the fore wing to the abdominal margin of the hind wing
close to the hinder angle, its outer edge somewhat suffused ;
a fine lunulate black marginal line pricked with white dots.
Underside: fore wing blackish brown, a white spot ringed
with a fine black line at the end of the cell, a line of black
submarginal marks interrupted by the veins, the space from
this to the margin ochreous, hinder marginal space whitish :
hind wing pale ochreous suffused with blackish, a black
ringed white spot at the end of the cell, two outwardly
curved lunulate lines across the middle, a submarginal series
of white spots; abdomen and legs concolorous with the
wings, a white spot at the base of the palpi.
?. Fore wing uniform blackish brown, very dark, nearly
black ; a white spot at the end of the cell; a black transverse
straight band as in the male, but pale-edged outwardly :
hind wing slightly paler, no other markings. Underside:
both wings as dark as the upperside of the fore wings;
markings as in the male, but without the ochreous space at
the outer margin of the fore wing.
Expanse of wings, ¢ ?, 1,4, inch.
Hab. Port Blair, Andamans, 2 ¢, 1 2, Nicobars, 1 2.
Tochara creberrima.
Thermesia creberrima, Walker, xv. 1574 (1858).
Iluza pyralina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 610.
Tochara obliqua, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 175, pl. vi. fig. 27 (1882).
Thermesia creberrima, Hampson, Moths of India, il. p, 536 (1894).
The type came from Silhet; it is described by Walker as
a female, but the description is that of a male; the female
does not seem to have been described by anyone. The
pattern is that of the male, but the colour is uniform dark
purplish brown. I have both sexes from the Khasia Hills
(four females) and a male from Goping Perak ; Hampson
also records it from the Andamans,
Tochara gilloloensis, nov.
g. Antenne and palpi dark grey. Upperside: head,
body, and both wings pinkish white ; wings irrorated with
126 On Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide.
minute grey atoms, thickest on the costa of the fore wing ;
a reniform stigma made somewhat lunulate by its black
borders ; a postmedial thick chestnut straight line inwardly
edged with white, from apex of fore wing to the abdominal
margin of hind wing a little above the hinder angle ; a fine
marginal, lunulate black line pricked with black points and
a few white points. Underside as on upperside without the
grey irrorations : fore wing with a black dct in the cell, a
small black ringlet at the end: hind wing with antemedial
and medial line of black dots, both wings with a postmedial
series of small black spots, the one nearest the apex of the
hind wing the largest ; body and legs concolorous with the
wings ; shape of the wings much as in 7. criberrima, but it
is a smaller insect.
Expanse of wings, 14; inch.
Hab. Gilolo Isl., N. Moluccas.
Tochara uniformis, nov.
3g. Antenne longer than usual in the genus, shaft brown,
pectinations grey, shorter than usual; palpi and top of
head black ; body and wings of a uniform pale ochreous-
grey colour, slightly pinkish tinged, a faint whitish reniform
mark on fore wing, a white straight postmedial line across
both wings from the costa near the apex of fore wing to the
abdominal margin of hind wing one-third above the hinder
angle ; cilia white, no other markings. Underside nearly
white, very uniform in colour ; a blackish lunule at the end of
each cell, a black postmedial outwardly curved line across
both wings, and a black lunular marginal line ; body and
legs concolorous with the wings, fore and mid legs black in
front. A large insect, the wings much broader than usual.
Expanse of wings, 1,8; inch.
Hab. Padang, Sumatra.
Tochara salea, nov.
@. Palpi, head, body, and both wings ochreous brown ;
the ground-colour is really ochreous, but both wings are
densely irrorated with olive-brown ; a dark spot in the cell of
fore wing, another at the end and one below it; a thick
white straight line, outwardly edged with black, from near
apex of fore wing to the abdominal margin of hind wing
near the hinder angle; a marginal lunular, thin black line
ricked with black dots; cilia pale with a somewhat darker
internal line. Underside pale ochreous brown; all the cells
On a new Species of Kuneomys from Patagonia. 127
with internal black dot and black spot at the end, a medial
and discal transverse series of black spots, a marginal series
of black lunules ; body and legs concolorous with the wings.
Expanse of wings, 1,‘ inch.
Hab. Fergusson Isl., Tobriand Group, Papua.
Genus Prrata, nov.
Male with a slight tuft of hair on inner side of 2nd joint
of palpi and very large tuft on inner side of 8rd joint ;
antenne ciliated: fore wing with the costa arched, outer
margin oblique, wing long and somewhat narrow; a large
costal fold: hind wing ample, outer margin rounded, veins
3 and 4 from angle of cell; section iv. of Hampson’s group
of the genus Adrapsa.
Type, Perata curiosalis, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) xv. p. 16 (1895).
XVIII.—A new Species of Kuneomys from Patagonia.
By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
AMONG some small mammals which, through the kind inter-
mediary of Dr. R. Dabbene, the British Museum owes to the
authorities of the Zoological Museum, Buenos Ayres, is an
example of a new species of Huneomys, which may be called
EKuneomys dabbenei, sp. v. °
Size very much less than in other species. Fur soft and
fine, hairs of back about 6-7 mm. in length. General colour
pale neutral grey slightly tinged by the buffy brown of the
ends of the hairs, but nothing like so strongly as in Z. chin-
chilloides. Under surface greyish white, the bases of the hairs
deep slaty, the ends faintly tinged with buffy or cream, not
strongly buffy as in chinchilloides. Hands and feet pure white.
Tail markedly bicolor, blackish above, white below.
Skull conspicuously smaller than that of LE. chinchillvides,
broader and shorter in proportion. Interorbital region with
sharply square but not beaded edges. Palatal foramina large,
with sharp raised edges round them, their hinder edge level
with the middle of m’,
128 Mr. O. Thomas on
Measurements (the external ones as taken by the col-
lector) :—
Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 53; hind foot (c. u.) 24,
(s. u.) 22; ear 14.
Skull: greatest length 25:2 ; condylo-incisive length 24 ;
zygomatic breadth 15°6 ; nasals 10°5 ; interorbital breadth
3°5; breadth of brain-case 13:1; height of crown from base
of m?7°7; palatilar length 11°8; palatal foramina 6°8; upper
molar series 5°3.
Hab. Lago Viedma, Santa Cruz, Patagonia.
Type. Young adult male. B.M. no. 19. 6.26.1. Original
number 360. Collected 17th December, 1914, by J. R.
Pemberton. Presented by the Buenos Ayres Museum.
This species differs so materially in size of skull from
E. chinchilloides and E. petersoni that it should evidently be
distinguished from them. Whether they are distinct from
each other I very much doubt, as the typical skulls of the
two are of almost precisely the same size, and in describing
E. petersoni Dr. Allen contents himself by referring to the
Tierra del Fuego locality of chinchilloides without assigning
any reason for the separation of the Patagonian animal
from it.
Although not old, the type of HL. dabbenez is not materially
younger than that of /. chinchilloides.
XIX.—List of Mammals from the Highlands of Jujuy, North
Argentina, collected by Sr. E. Budin. By OLDFIELD
@ Homas.
(Published by permission of the ‘Trustees of the British Museum.)
THE following is a list of some mammals collected by
Sr. Budin at Abrapampa and Casabindo, on the high plateau
of North-western Jujuy. The former locality is at an alti-
tude of about 3500 metres, and the latter 4000, while there
are, in addition, a number obtained higher up on the Casa-
bindo Cerro or Voleano, as high as 4800 m.
As with the Maimara mammals, of which I gave an account
in 1913, these collections clearly indicate the close affinity
of the highland Jujuy fauna with that of Bolivia, this
being represented by the series sent home by the late
Mr. Perry O. Simons. By their help I am enabled more
Mammals from North Argentina. 129
accurately to work out the distribution of the different forms *.
The most striking novelty is the new Abrocoma, a genus
not previously known from Argentina.
In fulfilment of my promise of further information on the
subject, I may record here that the locality ‘Otro Cerro,”
where the collection was obtained of which I gave an account
in the May ‘ Annals’ J, proves, after all, to be in the Province
of Catamarca, Sr. Budin was thus right as to the Province,
but wrong as to the distance and direction from Chumbicha,
Otro Cerro being really about 18 kilometres N.N.W. of
Chumbicha, and just to the south of Poman.
Correction is therefore needed as to the Province for all the
species then described.
1. Andinomys edax, Thos.
dg. 524, 527, 531, 533, 5443 9. 529, 530, 536, 541.
Cerro Casabindo, 4000-4800 m.
“Caught among the rocks on the banks of a stream.’’—
ii. B.
* The following new Euneomys, coming from the same general
region as the present collection, and, in fact, from the same locality as
the type of the new Galea, may be conveniently described here :—
Euneomys (Auliscomys) leucurus, sp. n.
Allied to E. sublimis, but larger.
Size intermediate between those of FE. pictus and sublimis. Colour
not very exactly definable, as the available specimens are either in
spirit or have recently been skinned out of it, with resultant discolora-
tion. The general tone, however, appears to be somewhat as in sublimis,
but more drabby or greyish ; hairs of under surface slaty, broadly washed
with pale buffy. Hands, feet, and tail white, a very faintly marked
narrow darker line perceptible along the top of the latter.
Skull considerably larger than that of sublimis, but similarly built ;
not so broad and stout as in boliviensis and pictus. Zygomatic plate
rather narrow. Palatal foramina long, reaching the level of the middle
root of m’. Bulle small, proportionally as in szbdimis, smaller than in
micropus, much smaller than in pictus and boliviensis.
Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen, which is
probably somewhat contracted) :—
Head and body 102 mm. ; tail 58 ; hind foot 21-3; ear 20.
Skull: greatest length 30:5; condylo-incisive length 29; zygomatic
breadth 16°3; nasals 11-7; interorbital breadth 4; breadth of brain-
case 128; palatilar length 15; palatal foramina 7-7; antero-posterior
length of bulla 4°7 ; upper molar series 5°7,
Hab. La Lagunita, Maimara, Jujuy.
Type. Adult female in spirit. B.M. no. 19. 7.10.8. Collected by
E. Budin. Five specimens examined, two of them quite young.
As shown by its small bulla, this species is clearly most closely allied
oe = sublimis, but is readily distinguishable by the greater size of its
skull.
+ Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (9) iii. p. 489,
130 Mr. O. Thomas on
2. Phyllotis ricardulus, Thos.
gS. 410, 411, 420, 421, 457, 458,473, 482; 9. 412, 456,
459, 463, 469, 479, 481, 483. Abrapampa, 3500 m.
S. 503, 506, 516, 517, 526, 535; 2. 502, 510, 525, 528,
543. Casabindo, 4000-4500 m.
The Pericotes from Maimara, Jujuy, provisionally referred
to P. wolffsohni in 1913*, appear also to be referable to
P.ricardulus, recently described from Otro Cerro, Catamarca.
The true P. wolffsohni of Bolivia has decidedly larger
molars.
3. Hesperomys carillus argurus, subsp. n.
3. 455, 477, 499, 500; 9. 496, 497. Abrapampa,
3900 m.
“On the bank of the laguna, in humid pasture-land.”
Essential characters apparently quite as in the true 7. ca-
villus, but colour throughout much paler. General colour
above pale drabby buffy varying to greyish buffy ; sides
clearer, sometimes with a well-marked buffy line. Under
surface greyish white, the bases of the hairs broadly slaty.
Head like back. Ears with proectote brown lined with
buffy ; metentote strongly buffy ; a whitish postauricular
spot present. Hands and feet white. Tail wholly white,
one specimen only having its upper median line faintly
darkened. Mamme apparently 3—2=10.
Skull apparently much as in carillus, thouga he zygo-
matic plate is slightly broader than in our only example of
that animal. |
Dimensions of the type :—
Head and body 79 mm.; tail 45; hind foot 16:5;
ear 16°5.
Skull: greatest length 22 ; condylo-incisive length 20:2 ;
zygomatic breadth 12; nasals 8°5; interorbital breadth 3:3 ;
palatilar length 9°2; palatal foramina 5; upper molar
series 34.
Hab. as above.
Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 19, 8.1.21. Original
number 496. Collected 17th February, 1919.
This pretty laucha is evidently the dry-area representative
of the forest H. carillus, from which it differs by its con-
spicuously lighter colour.
* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 189 (1918).
Mammals from North Argentina. 131
4, Eligmodontia hirtipes jucunda, subsp. n.
3d. 438, 447, 449, 450, 472, 474, 488,495 ; 9. 451, 471,
478, 487. Abrapampa, 3500 m.
“Caught in sandy soil. Inhabits deserted burrows of
Tuco-tucos.’—E. B.
Similar in proportions and other essential characters to the
typical Airtipes of the Lake Poopo region of Bolivia, but the
colour much less bright and buffy. Upper surface drabby
buff, much darker than the sandy buff of hirtipes—the rump
only more distinctly buffy. Hairs of sides with a lessened
but still perceptible whitish subterminal ring. Face greyish
buffy. Head and sides drabby buff. Under surface pure
white or creamy white to the bases of the hairs. An incon-
spicuous whitish area between eye and ear. Ears with pro-
ectote markedly darker. Hands and feet white. Tail white,
with a darker line generally present along its upper surface,
but this is absent in the oldest individuals ; in Airtipes the
darker line is scarcely ever perceptible.
Skull as in hirtipes.
Dimensions of the type:—
Head and body 85 mm.; tail 80; hind foot 22;
ear 18.
Skull: greatest length 25; condylo-incisive length 22:2 ;
zygomatic breadth 13°2; palatilar length 10°23 palatal
foramina 5°7 ; upper molar series 4,
Hab. as above.
Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 19.8.1. 29. Original
number 488. Collected 5th February, 1919.
This Jujuy representative of the beautiful little gerbil-
mouse of the desert-region round Lake Poopo may be readily
distinguished by its greyer and duller coloration.
5. Bolomys albiventer, Thos.
3. 437, 439, 452, 460, 461, 464, 466, 470, 475, 480, 486;
?. 404, 408, 419, 453, 465, 467, 485, 494. Abrapampa,
3500 m.
gd. 501, 505, 519; 2. 504, 542. Casabindo, 4000 m.
This is evidently the common vole-mouse (as the members
of.the Akodon group might be termed) of the whole of the
high Octodentomys area of Bolivia and N. Argentina.
6. Octodontomys gliroides, Gerv. & D’Orb.
fd. 513, 514, 521. Casabindo, 4000 m.
132 Mr. O. Thomas on
7. Ctenomys luteolus, Thos.
G6. 415, 416, 423, 426, 427, 432, 433,442,493; 9. 407,
409, 413, 424, 431, 440, 441, 445, 489, 492. Abrapampa,
3500 m.
This tuco-tuco was described in 1899 on a single specimen
from the “ Cordillera of Jujuy ’—therefore very much the
same locality as the present.
The coloration, notably the whitish or white nose, proves
to be absolutely constant throughout this fine series, while
in the skull I find that the anterior cheek-teeth are slightly
less in diameter than in opimus, and the skull itself does not
seem to attain so great a size. I consequently now use the
name in a binomial form.
8. Abrocoma cinerea, sp. n.
3. 540. Cerro Casabindo, 4800 m. (=15,600'), 22nd
March, 1919. . B.M. no.19"S22) 29:4 Pype.
A grey mountain Abrocoma, with very short tail and feet.
Size about as in A. murrayi, smaller than in A. bennetti.
-Fur very soft and fine; hairs of back just over 20 mm. in
length. General colour above light grey, slightly paler than
“pale neutral grey’; lighter on sides ; belly broadly washed
with greyish white. Ears very large, almost naked, brown.
Forearms and lower legs buffy whitish; hands and feet
silvery white. Soles of the same crenulated structure as in
the other species, but the feet themselves disproportionally
small, only about half the length of theskull. Tail also very
short, about half as long as in the other species, uniformly
closely haired, not crested, pale neutral grey above, white
below. |
Skull showing an extreme development of the differences
that separate A. murrayt from bennettii. A, murrayt has a
bowed skull, with small incisors and large bullve; in A. cv-
nerea the skull is more bowed, has still smaller—indeed,
quite abnormally small—incisors and still larger buile.
Otherwise there is little to distinguish the two, and the struc-
ture of the molars is quite the same in all. Height of middle
part of zygomata greatest (4°5 mm.) in bennett, 3:4 in
murrayt, least (2°38 mm.) in einerea. Posterior palatine
foramina quite small, not the conspicuous opening found in
the other species.
Dimensions of the type :—
Head and body 192 mm.; tail 70; hind foot 27°5;
ear 29°5.
Mammals from North Argentina. 133
Skull: greatest median length 48; condylo-incisive length
44:7; zygomatic breadth 23°3; bimeatal breadth 25°95;
nasals 19°5x6°3; interorbital breadth 8°5; least breadth
across brain-case 20°3 ; palatilar length 21°5 ; palatal fora-
mina 11 ; bullw, diagonal horizontal length 16°8, height to
protruding part on top of skull 17; upper cheek-tooth series,
crowns 9, alveoli 9°7.
Hab, and type as above.
So different does this ‘‘ Raton Chinchilla,” as Sr. Budin
calls it, look from anything known, that it was at first sup-
posed to represent a new genus ; but close study shows that
its peculiarities are only a further specialization of those
shown by Wolffsohn’s Abrocoma murrayi, and that there is
no reason to separate it generically. It is, however, in any
case a very striking addition to the mammal fauna of Argen-
tina, the other species of the genus being Chilian or Peruvian.
The single specimen was trapped by Sr. Budin—to his
‘great delight—among the rocks on the Volcano of Casabindo,
at the very considerable altitude recorded above. Of H. ben-
netttt we have examples taken by Mr. Wolffsohn at 200 and
800 metres, and of H. murrayi at 600 metres in the lower
highlands of Chili. But how far they range up on the main
Cordillera I do not know.
9. Lagidium vulcant, sp. n.
3. 507; 2. 508. Casabindo, 4000 m.
3. 538, 539, and a separate skull. Cerro Casabindo,
4800 m. .
“ Shot among the rocks.” —Z. B.
Near L. tucumanum, but much more suffused with buffy,
and with white incisors.
General colour of adult strongly suffused with buffy, the
ends of the hairs more or less buffy yellow. Sides and belly
brighter yellowish. White axillary and inguinal patches
present. Face more greyish or whitish buffy than the body,
the colour there much lighter than in other species. Hands
and feet buffy whitish. ‘Tail with the usual blackish under
surface.
Skull larger than in tucumanum. Nasals fairly narrow,
slightly inflated anteriorly, but not broader than the pre-
maxille. Frontal processes of premaxillee more surpassing
the nasals, Lacrymal bones larger, projected over the orbit.
Projecting area of bulle on top of skull of the same shape as
in tucumanum, but larger. Incisive fissure quite narrow, not
134 Mr. O. Thomas on
open as in lockwoodi. Bullee much inflated, larger. than in
tucumanum, nearly equalling those of lockwoodt.
Incisors wholly white. Molars larger and heavier than in
tucumanum, and their laminz slightly less oblique, more
transverse than in that species.
Dimensions of the type :—
Head and body 370 1am.; tail 301; hind foot 90; ear
(dry) 71 *.
Skull: greatest length 88; condylo-incisive length 81;
zygomatic breadth 44 ; nasals 83°5 x 10°5; breadth of brain-
case 35; projecting upper part of bulla 5°6 x 8:5 ; palatilar
length 41 ; diameter of bullee at right angles to their longest
axis 11°8 ; upper tooth-series, crowns 21, alveoli 21°8 ;
greatest breadth across the two series 21°8; breadth of m! on
lamina 5°2.
Hab. Cerro Casabindo, 4800 m.
Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 19. 8.2.32. Original
number 538. Collected 20th March, 1919. ‘
The two specimens from the lower altitude (4000 m.) of
Casabindo itself are not so buffy as the two from the Cerro
at 4800 m., but they are both much younger, and I put
down their greater greyness to this cause.
This species is distinguishable from LZ. tuewmanum by its
white incisors, all our four specimens of that animal having
them deep yellow, as is also the case in L. cuscus and
lockwoodi, its larger teeth, larger bulla, and by the yellowish-
buffy colour of the fur.
10. Galea comes, sp. n.
3. 490, 491; 9. 448. Abrapampa, 3500 m.
External characters quite as in G. boliviensis.
Skull stout and strongly built, very much as in G. anceps.
Nasals running back in the centre to a point projecting con-
siderably further backward than the premaxillary processes—
more so than in the lectotype of G. boliviensis. Mesoptery-
goid fossee parallel-sided, their anterior edge nearly squarely
transverse, or notched, their general -shape resembling the
upper half of the figure called “ scutiform ” by Ridgway f.
‘he same is the case in G. anceps, while in G. boliviensis
they are narrowed anteriorly to a V-shaped notch, not unlike
* There is an obvious Japsus calami in the measurement given on
Sr. Budin’s label, so I have simply measured the dry ear.
+ ‘Nomenclature of Colours,’ ed. 1, pl. xii. (1912).
Mammals from North Argentina. 135
the top part of the figure named “ cuneate.”’? Bulle about
as in G. boliviensis, not so swollen as in anceps.
Dimensions of the type:—
Head and body 243 mm. ; hind foot 39; ear 22.
Skull: greatest length 54 ; condylo-incisive length 48:2 ;
zygomatic breadth 33; nasals 20 x 8:2; interorbital breadth
12; palatilar length 24 ; antero-posterior length of bulla 13;
upper tooth-series, crowns 13; breadth across m? 15°3. *
Hab. Jujuy. Type from Maimara, 2230 m. Other speci-
mens from Abrapampa.
Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 12. 12.12.53. Original
no. 25. Collected 15th March, 1912, by E. Budin and
presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild. Hight speci-
mens examined.
This Cuiso agrees with G. boliviensis in the size of its
bulle, but differs by the peculiarly broadened shape of the
choanze, which are more like those of the large-bulla species,
G. anceps.
11. Dasypus nationt, Thos.
3. 435, 436. Abrapampa, 3500 m.
“ Quirchincho.”
So far as I am aware, no specimen of this distinct species
has been recorded since I described it in 1894* on an
example sent from Oruro to Prof. Nation of Peru, by whom
it was presented to the British Museum.
The type having had quite an imperfect skull, I am glad
to be now able to record the skull-measurements of an old
male of the species, no. 435:—Condylo-nasal length 73 ;
basal length 60°5 ; zygomatic breadth 46; nasals 24x 8°5 ;
interorbital breadth 18°5; bi-meatal breadth 45; palatal
length 42; greatest breadth of palate including teeth 16.
These two specimens differ in the number of scale-rows in
the shoulder-shield, no. 436, like the type, having only three
rows in the centre, while no. 435 has four.
Both specimens are rather more hairy than the type, but
the latter looks somewhat worn and may possibly have been
in confinement.
12. Marmosa elegans pallidior, ‘Thos.
2. 462. Abrapampa, 3500 m.
g. 512, 518, 520, 522; 9. 509, 511, 515, 523, 537.
Casabindo, 4000—4500 m.
* Ann, & Mag. N. H. (6) xiii. p. 70;
136 On Two Species of Cicadidee.
XX.—Two apparently undescribed Species of Cicadidee
from Tropical Africa. By W. L. Distant.
THE two species of Ugada here described are in the Collection
of the British Museum, a collection now, without a doubt,
the finest and most comprehensive in the world.
: Ugada nigrofasciata, sp. n.
Body dark castaneous bro\n; pronotum with a broad
transverse black fascia at the anterior margin of the posterior
area of the pronotum, which is dull ochraceous, and the
extreme posterior margin of same, black ; mesonotum with
four small dark obconical spots, on anterior margin of which
the two central ones are largest, and a longer but more
obscure spot on the lateral areas ; abdomen above darker in
hue with the segmental margins narrowly ochraceous, the
three terminal segments thickly whitely tomentose ; body
beneath with the pronotal angular dilatations, the tibis and
rostrum—excluding base—black or blackish; base of rostrum,
streaks to cox and trochanters, and the opercula in g,
ochraceous ; tegmina dull greyishly opaque, excepting on
apical area where it is marginally, submarginally, and on
most of postcostal area vitreous, the venation black and the
basal cell thickly, pale stramineously tomentose, the costal
membrane ochraceous ; wings pale castaneous brown, the
venation darker in hue, the posterior marginal area vitreous,
darkly, suffused near anal angle; pronotal angles strongly
angularly produced ; head including eyes about two-thirds
the width of base of mesonotum; rostrum reaching base of
posterior trochanters ; face strongly centrally longitudinally
sulcate and on each side strongly transversely sulcate.
Long., ¢ & ¢ (excl. tegm.), 35-38 ; exp. tegm. 105-112 ;
breadth between pronot. angl. 22-23 mm.
Hab. Kamerun; Buar, Tazada.
Ugada atratula, sp. n.
Body black, eyes shining black ; lateral areas and posterior
marginal area of pronotum, sternum, and opercula more
fuscous in hue; legs black; tegmina with about basal half
fuscous brown where all the veins are somewhat broadly
piceous, remaining area hyaline or subhyaline, the veins
black, a subapical fuscous angulated fascia crossing the
unional veins of the four upper ulnar and apical areas and
marked with a few pale spots and a somewhat similar apical
submarginal fascia enclosing five marginal pale spots, another
On new Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 137
pale spot enclosed on the union of the two lower apical areas ;
wings fuscous, the venation sanguineous, the marginal fringe
pale hyaline ; pronotal lateral angles prominently broad and
acute; head including eyes a little more than two-thirds the
width of base of mesonotum ; rostrum passing the posterior
trochanters; opercula (in @) short, broadly rounded, their
inner angles almost uniting; face centrally longitudinally
and on each side strongly transversely sulcate.
Long., 3, 30 (exel. tegm.) ; exp. tegm. 100 mm.
Hab. French Central Africa; Tuburi Marsh (P. A,
Talbot).
XXI1.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Georce F. Hampson,
Bart; F.Z.8., &e.
[Continued from p. 68. ]
(3c) Surattha rubrifusalis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax white tinged with red-brown, the former
faintly ; abdomen white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antennz
black; palpi tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown, the fore
tibis and tarsi suffused with red-brown, the mid and hind tarsi
banded with red-brown. Fore wing white suffused with pale red-
brown and slightly irrorated with black, especially on basal and
costal areas; a short diffused black fascia below base of cell; an
indistinct diffused curved black antemedial line; a black bar from
middle of costa and point above vein 1; a black fascia in and just
beyond end of cell with a white discoidal spot on it; a white sub-
terminal line defined on inner side by blackish, excurved below vein
6, then faint; a terminal series of blackish points; cilia white with
a brown line through them. Hind wing white faintly tinged with
red-brown. Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown.
2. Thorax and fore wing strongly suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Br. E, Arnica, Manda I. (Jackson), 1 3,1 Q type.
Exp. 22 mm.
(8d) Surattha pheomesa, sp. n.
2. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with brown and
some rufous, the abdomen more rufous towards base of dorsum ;
antenne fuscous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white tinged with brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with brown
and some rufous, the costal area almost entirely white, extending on
outer half of medial area to the median nervure and vein 4, the
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 11
138 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
terminal area white; a diffused black subbasal line, oblique below
submedian fold and slightly angled outwards above inner margin ;
antemedial line formed by diffused black marks below the costa
and in and below the cell, then almost obsolete; medial line rather
diffused, black, angled outwards at median nervure and vein 1; the
outer half of medial area grey suffused with fuscous, white to vein
4; a small black discoidal spot; postmedial line rather diffused,
black defined on outer side by rufous, somewhat dentate and
slightly angled outwards below submedian fold, forming a small
spot at costa; subterminal line strong, rufous with some black
at costa, its outer edge slightly dentate, its inner éxcurved at
middle; a maculate black terminal line. Hind wing greyish
fuscous. Underside greyish fuscous, the fore wing with the
terminal half of costa white with a small black postmedial spot
on it.
Ab. 1. Fore wing with a white line beyond the antemedial black
marks, the terminal area with the rufous much broader and the
white before and beyond it reduced.
Ab. 2. Fore wing with the outer half of medial area dark except
at costa.
Hab. “Gero. E. Arrica,” Lulanguru, nr. Tabora (Carpenter),
4 2 type. Hep, 18-20 mm.
(8e) Surattha diffusilinea, sp. n.
Head white; thorax and abdomen white tinged with rufous ;
antenne of male with the branches black; palpi slightly tinged
with rufous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white.
Fore wing white faintly tinged with rufous and slightly irrorated
with blackish ; a diffused oblique black antemedial line, excurved
below submedian fold; two similar medial lines, the inner more
diffused and indistinct, the outer with a pure white discoidal lunule
on its outer.edge; a diffused curved black postmedial line and
similar but narrower and somewhat dentate subterminal line;
a terminal series of slight blackish points; cilia white mixed with
some red-brown. Hind wing white faintly tinged with rufous.
Underside white tinged with rufous.
Hab. N.S. Wares, Broken Hill (Zower),1 5,1 9 type. Eup.
2) mm.
(3) Surattha albicostalis, sp. n.
©, Head and thorax white tinged with rufous; abdomen white ;
sate white mixed with rufous and with some blackish at tips; pectus
and legs white. Fore wing white suffused with rufous and thickly
irrorated with black in the interspaces, the costal area pure white,
with a slight rufous tinge towards base; slight subbasal and
antemedial marks in the cell and a black streak below vein 1
on antemedial area; an indistinct oblique white medial line from
subcostal nervure to inner margin, defined on each side by slight
Pyralide 07 the Subfamily Crambine. 139
diffused black marks; black bars before and beyond the disco-
cellulars ; postmedial line white, defined on inner side by diffused
black except at costa and on outer by fulvous yellow, excurved
beyond the cell and incurved at submedian fold; a series of small
dentate black spots before termen; cilia white with red-brown
lines near base and tips. Hind wing white faintly tinged with red-
brown, the cilia pure white with a pale red-brown line near base.
Underside white slightly tinged with rufous.
Hab. Mapras, Horseleykonda (Campbell), 1 2 type. Exp.
28 mm.
(4a) Surattha endoleuca, sp. n.
do. Head and thorax white irrorated with brown; antenne with
the shaft white, the branches black; abdomen red-brown with some
white at base and extremity and with white segmental lines except
towards base, the ventral surface white irrorated with brown;
pectus and femora white; tibiz and tarsi pale red-brown. Fore
wing reddish brown tinged with grey and irrorated with white, the
inner area and the termen except towards apex white irrorated with
brown; a faint, pale fulvous, almost medial line oblique towards
costa, then waved and ending at vein 1, defined on outer side by
black irroration below subcostal nervure and on inner side below
the cell; a subbasal patch of black irroration above and below
vein 1; a small white discoidal spot; subterminal line white
towards costa then pale fulvous, ending at vein 1, dentate except
towards costa and defined on inner side by black irroration,
somewhat excurved at middle, then oblique; a rather maculate
black terminal line; cilia white tinged with fulvous, with two
slight blackish lines through them and some black scales at tips.
Hind wing whitish suffused with reddish brown; a fine dark
terminal line; the cilia whiter with traces of two dark lines
through them. Underside white tinged with reddish brown
especially on fore wing which has the subterminal line white
and maculate.
Hab. 8. Pauestine, El Fukhari (Austen), 2 35 type. Exp,
20 mm.
(46) Surattha arenalis, sp. n.
dg. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale
red-brown ; antenne with the shaft white, the branches pale red-
brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore
wing whitish uniformly suffused with pale reddish brown; traces
of a sinuous dark line from lower angle of cell to inner margin and
of a postmedial line excurved towards costa and inner margin and
incurved at vein 2. Hind wing whitish strongly suffused with
reddish brown. Underside whitish suffused with reddish brown.
9. Hind wing paler.
Hab. Punsas, Moghal Sarai (Betton), 1 5,3 2 type. Ezxp.,
3 20, 2 24-26 mm.
EL
140 Sir G. F. Hampson on new ©
(5a) Surattha ochrifasciata, sp. un.
3. Head and thorax black irrorated with a few white scales ;
abdomen whitish suffused with black; pectus and legs white mixed
with black. Fore wing black mixed with grey-white, the costal
area tinged with red-brown to towards apex with a black streak
below its medial part; a reddish-ochreous fascia in ‘submedian
interspace to beyond middle with a deep black streak below it on
terminal half; another reddish-ochreous fascia in and beyond end
of cell. Hind wing whitish tinged with brown; a blackish streak
on terminal part of vein 1 and some black scales on termen from
apex to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing and costal area of
hind wing suffused with reddish brown.
Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Eb Urru (Betton), 1 d type. Eup.
28 mm.
Genus CATANCYLA, nov.
Type, C. brunnea.
Proboscis fully developed; palpi downcurved, extending about
twice the length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi
triangularly dilated with scales; frons with pointed conical
prominence; antennz of male bipectinate with rather long
branches to apex. Fore wing rather narrow, the apex rounded,
the termen evenly curved; vein 2 from towards angle of cell;
3 and 5 from angle, 4 absent; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9
stalked; 10, 11 from cell, 11 not anastomosing with 12. Hind
wing with vein 2 from well before angle of cell; 3 and 5 from
angle, 4 absent; 6 obsolescent from below upper angle; 8 approxi-
mated to 7, but not anastomosing with it.
In key differs from Ancylolomia in the fore wing having vein 4
absent and 11 free.
Catancyla brunnea, sp. n.
3g. Head and thorax bright red-brown; abdomen whitish
suffused with red-brown; pectus and legs whitish suffused with
red-brown. Fore wing bright red-brown mixed with some whitish
and irrorated with blackish, a whitish fascia in submedian fold to
end of cell; traces of an oblique postmedial series of blackish points
on veins 6 to 1; a red-brown terminal line and line near base of
cilia. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown. Underside of fore
wing whitish tinged with red-brown.
@. Fore wing more uniform red-brown without the whitish
fascia below the cell, traces of a blackish medial line bent outwards
below costa and incurved below submedian fold, the postmedial
points more distinct and somewhat clavate, a subterminal series
of blackish points on the veins.
Hab. W. AusTraia, Roebourne,1 ¢, 2-9 type. Hap., d 22,
Q°24 mm.
Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 141
(la) Ancylolomia castaneata, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax glossy black-brown ; abdomen rufous with
a cupreous gloss ; palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
red-brown suffused with blackish. Fore wing chestnut-brown, the
inner half -to near termen and a postmedial shade except at costa
fuscous brown; a black streak in the cell with some silvery scales
above it, two short streaks beyond the cell, and a short streak
in submedian fold below end of cell; a slightly sinuous dark
subterminal line with some silvery scales on it; a series of black
points before termen ; cilia with a dark line at base. Hind wing
pale reddish brown. Underside greyish tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 2 3 type. Exp. 32 mm.
(1b) Ancylolomia melanella, sp. n.
Head and thorax black-brown ; abdomen greyish dorsally tinged
with brown. Fore wing black-brown; cupreous fascie with streaks
of black scales on them in the cell, on the veins for some distance
beyond it and in submedian interspace; silvery streaks above
median nervure, in the interspaces beyond the cell for some
distance and below submedian fold; a whitish terminal band with
series of fuscous and black points on it, defined on inner side by
silvery and brown lines and angled at vein 3; cilia black with pale
tips. Hind wing white, the costal area and terminal area to vein 2
in male, in female the costal area only tinged with brown.
Hab. “ Ger. E. Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 19; Narat, Maritz-
burg (Queckett),1 3 type. Exp. 30 mm.
(1d) Ancylolomia perfasciata, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax golden cupreous with a black streak on
vertex of head and thorax and fascia at sides of tegule and patagia,
the outer edge of base of patagia white; abdomen white with some
fulvous at base of dorsum and forming slight segmental lines ;
antenne tinged with black; pectus and legs white, the latter
tinged with golden cupreous; ventral surface of abdomen with
subventral and ventral cupreous streaks. Fore wing golden
cupreous; a blackish fascia through the cell to the subterminal
line, rather diffused beyond the cell, and another on basal half
of vein 1, then in submedian interspace to the subterminal line;
streaks of black scales through the cell, in terminal half of sub-
median fold and on the veins beyond the cell; silvery streaks above
median nervure, above and below terminal half of submedian fold
and in the interspaces beyond the cell to the subterminal line,
which is double, silvery blackish filled in with orange-yellow,
oblique towards apex, then minutely dentate to vein 3 where it
is angled outwards, then incurved; a silvery blackish line before
termen, arising before apex, slightly waved to below vein 4 where
it is interrupted and oblique from below vein 3 ; cilia silvery fuscous
142 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
at base, then silvery white tinged with fuscous at tips. Hind wing
glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing
suffused with red-brown except on terminal area.
2. Fore wing with the black fascie much stronger.
Ab. 1. Hind wing suffused with fuscous, the base white.
Hab. Asysstnta, Zegi Tsana (Degen), 1 2; Br. E. Arrica,
Nakura (Bodeker),1 3,1 Q type; Uaanpna (Doggett), 1 2 ;
MasHONALAND, Salisbury (Marshall),1 3; Transvaau(Cholmley),
2 3, Johannesburg (Cregoe), 1 3, Pretoria (Distant), 1 Q ;
ZULULAND, Lr. Tugela R. (Reynolds), 2 6,1 2 ; Navan, Maritz-
burg (Burnup), 1d; Mapagascar, Antananarivo (Kingdon), 29.
Exp. 32-42 mm.
(le) Ancylolomia prepiella, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white; palpi brown at sides; patagia
with the upper half brown. Fore wing golden brown with pure
white fasciz on costa to near apex, below the cell to just beyond
lower angle, on inner margin, and above vein 5; two silver streaks
in cell, one in submedian interspace, and others in the interspaces
beyond the cell; series of black scales on the veins, in the cell, and
in submedian interspaces; a terminal white band with series of
black points on it and defined on inner side by silvery and white
lines; cilia silver at tips. Hind wing pure white.
Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cook), 1 3,1 2, Modderfontein
(Cruger), 1 2, Johannesburg (Cregoe), 1 g ; Narat, 1 Q type;
Basutotanp, Masite (Weigall), 1 6, Pithaneng R. Valley
(Crawshay), 1 3; C. Conony, Zuurberg (Bairstow), 4 3.
Exp. 28-36 mm.
(1f) Ancylolomia albicostalis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax pale fulvous; abdomen white; antenne
tinged with fuscous, pectus white; legs and ventral surface of
abdomen pale fulvous. Fore wing pale golden cupreous, the costal
area whitish to near apex with the costal edge fuscous ; a white
fascia along median nervure to origin of vein 2; silvery streaks
above terminal half of median nervure, below terminal half of
submedian fold, and in the interspaces beyond the cell to near the
subterminal line; streaks of black scales through the cell, on
terminal part of median nervure, in terminal half of submedian
fold, on medial part of vein 1, and on the veins beyond the cell to
the subterminal line, which is double, silvery, slightly waved, and
angled outwards at vein 3; the termen creamy white with a black
point before it below apex; cilia silvery fuscous at base, then
silvery white with some brown at tips. Hind wing glossy white.
Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown except on inner and
terminal areas.
Hab, Masnonatand, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 9 type. Exp.
42 mm.
Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 143
(46) Ancylolomia lentifascialis, sp. n.
3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with brown:
antenne tinged with fuscous; palpi and fore legs fulvous brown.
Fore wing whitish irrorated with brown and the costal area tinged
with golden cupreous to beyond middle, a brownish shade through
the cell; faint silvery streaks above median nervure, along vein 1,
and in the interspaces beyond the cell; streaks of black scales
through the cells and on the veins just beyond the cell and a patch
of black and silver scales in submedian fold below origin of vein 2;
subterminal line double, silvery, oblique towards costa, then slightly
waved to vein 3 where it is angled outwards; the termen white
with a brownish line before it from below apex with a series
of slight black points on it; cilia silvery at base, silvery white
at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and
costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown, the termen
whitish.
Hab. Transvaat, Zoutspanberg (Janse), 4 3 type. Exp.
32 mm.
(4¢) Acylolomia fulvitinctalis, sp. n.
Q. Head and thorax white tinged with rufous ; abdomen white,
the base of dorsum tinged with fulvous ; pectus white ; legs tinged
with rufous; abdomen with blackish subventral spots on medial
segments. Fore wing white tinged with fulvous and sparsely
irrorated with black-brown scales ; faint silvery streaks above end
of median nervure, above middle of vein 1, and in the interspaces
beyond the cell; some black scales tending to form short streaks
in end of cell, in the interspaces just beyond the cell, and below
base of vein 2; an indistinctly double brownish and silvery sub-
terminal line, oblique towards costa, then slightly waved to vein 3
where it is angled outwards; a series of prominent black points
before termen; cilia metallic silvery at base, then silvery white
with some brownish at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside
of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous.
Hab. Ueanpa, Gondokoro (Heymes-Cole), 1 Q type. Eup.
36 mm.
(4e) Acylolomia melanothoraeia, sp. n.
Q@. Head and thorax black; abdomen brownish grey, dorsally
fulvous yellow towards base then with whitish segmental lines;
fore legs whitish. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the costal area to
near apex and the inner area towards base red-brown, the costa
darker towards base; slight streaks of silvery scales with some
black scales above them below discal and submedian folds to end
of cell and in the interspaces of postmedial area; a deep rufous
discoidal bar; a lunulate black postmedial spot between veins
6 and 4 with a quadrate patch beyond it on termen, and an oblique
144 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
mark below vein 2 with a wedge-shaped patch beyond it on termen.
Hind wing glossy fuscous grey, the cilia whiter. Underside fuscous
grey, the fore wing with the costa fulvous yellow towards apex.
Hab. “Gero. KE. Arrica,” Lulanguru, nr. Tabora (Carpenter),
1 Q type. Exp. 26 mm.
(4f) Ancylolomia agraphella, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown, the last dorsally
ochreous towards base. Fore wing pale golden brown irrorated
with a few black scales; a black point at upper angle of cell;
traces of a subterminal series of specks on the veins; a terminal
series of points. Hind wing fuscous.
Hab. Assam (Badgley), 1 2 ; Trmor, Oinainissa (Doherty),
1 Q type. Exp. 28-32 mm.
(5a) Ancylolomia chrysargyria, sp. n.
Head and thorax rufous with some whitish on vertex of head;
abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally fulvous; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white suffused with rufous.
Fore wing golden cupreous; a diffused whitish fascia on medial
part of costa ; a white fascia on and below median nervure to origin
of vein 2, then below vein 2 to end of cell; a silvery streak below
submedian fold to well beyond middle, a streak below the terminal
half of the white fascia and short streaks in the interspaces beyond
the cell; streaks formed by black scales in terminal half of cell, on
terminal part of median nervure, in submedian fold, and on the basal
half of the veins beyond the cell; the terminal area white with a
narrow silvery subterminal band to submedian fold, excurved at »
vein 8, with a fine slightly waved rufous line before it; a series of
minute black points before termen to submedian fold, placed on a
fine brown line interrupted at vein 8; cilia silvery at base, white at
tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside white, the fore wing
and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous except on terminal
area.
Hab. S. Niaerta, Foreados (Simpson), 13 , Lokoja (Dudgeon),
19; N. Nigeria, Minna (Macfie), 6 5,1 92 type, Zungeru
(Macfie),19. Exp., 3 22, 2 26-28 mm.
(5b) Ancylolomia cresus, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax fulvous ; abdomen white, the 2nd and 3rd
segments dorsally fulvous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen white suffused with red-brown, the fore tibizw and tarsi
white in front. Fore wing golden cupreous; a diffused whitish
fascia on medial part of costa; a pure white fascia below median
nervure to end of cell, silvery streaks on median nervure, below
submedian fold, and in the interspaces beyond the cell to well beyond
middle; streaks formed by black scales from middle of cell, in
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 145
submedian fold, above vein 1, and on the veins beyond the cell to
well beyond middle; the terminal area white with a silvery sub-
terminal line to submedian fold, angled outwards at vein 3, a fine
rufous line before it ; a series of minute black points before termen
to submedian fold, placed on a fine brown line interrupted at vein 3 ;
cilia silvery white with a brownish line at base. Hind wing glossy
white. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind
wing tinged with red-brown except on terminal area.
Q. Fore wing with the medial part of costa only slightly pale,
the rutous line before the subterminal line hardly traceable.
Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 bd, 4 Q type,
Kikuyu (Crawshay),2 2, Eb Urru (Betton),1 db. Exp., 5 26-
30, 2? 34-40 mm.
(5¢) Ancylolomia dives, sp. n.
3S. Head and thorax rufous; abdomen white tinged with rufous;
pectus whitish; legs rufous. Fore wing golden cupreous; a dif-
fused white fascia on medial part of costa; silvery streaks from
middle above and below submedian fold and in the interspaces
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; streaks formed by
black scales in discal fold from before middle, on terminal parts of
subcostal and median nervures, in submedian fold, and on the
veins beyond the cell to well beyond middle ; a silvery subterminal
line to submedian fold with a fine rufous line before it and defined
on outer side by a narrew white band, somewhat dentate on costal
half and slightly angled outwards at vein 3 ; the termen pale yellow
with a series of minute black points before it to submedian fold
placed on a brown line interrupted at vein 3; cilia silvery at base,
white at tips. Hind wing glossy white, faintly tinged with red-
brown except on inner and terminal areas. Underside of fore wing
and costal half of hind wing suffused with red-brown except at
termen.
Hab. Manvras, Belgaum ( Watson), 3 5 type. Exp. 24 mm.
(5e) Ancylolomia ophiralis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax rufous, the patagia with white stripe at middle
and black stripe above, the dorsum of thorax with some black ; abdo-
men white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally fulvous ; pectus
whitish ; legs and ventral surface of abdomen pale rufous. Fore
wing golden cupreous, the medial part of costal area suffused with
white; silvery streaks above basal half of subcostal nervure, in
upper and lower parts of cell, above vein 1, and in the interspaces
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; slight rather diffused
streaks formed by black scales through middle of cell, on terminal
parts of subcostal and median nervures, in terminal half of sub-
median fold, and on the veins beyond the cell to near the subterminal
line; the terminal area white with a silvery subterminal line with
slight rufous line before it, minutely dentate on costal half and
146 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
angled outwards at vein 3; a slightly waved brownish line just
before termen with some blackish points on it. Hind wing white
tinged with reddish brown except on basalarea. Underside of fore
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown
except at termen.
2. Head and thorax uniform rufous; fore wing with the medial
part of costal area only slightly paler, the markings less distinct.
Hab. 8. NieEerta (Dudgeon), 1 3, 1 @ type. EHup., 3 382,
© 36 mm.
(5 f) Ancylolomia atrifasciata, sp. n.
Head white with a red-brown streak; thorax ochreous rufous
with black stripes at sides of tegule and upper edge of patagia and
dorsum of thorax; abdomen white tinged with brownish ochreous,
the 2nd segment dorsally fulvous ; antennz and palpi fulvous, the
latter with some black scales at tips; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white suffused with rufous. Fore wing reddish
ochreous with a golden gloss, the costal edge white towards base
and the medial part of costal area suffused with whitish, a white
fascia below the cell to near extremity; silvery streaks below sub-
costal and above median nervure and streaks in the interspaces
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; a streak formed by
black scales through middle of cell; a diffused black fascia on and
above vein 1 to below origin of vein 2 and a short fascia below
vein 2 below end of cell; a double pale red-brown subterminal line
filled in with white, oblique towards apex, then minutely dentate
to vein 3 where it is angled outwards; a series of black points
before termen placed on a slight brownish line; cilia silvery white
with a dark line at base. Hind wing white, tinged with red-brown
except on basal and inner areas. Underside of fore wing and costal
area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown.
Ab. 1. Q. Fore wing with black fascia in the cell and the fascize
on vein 1 and below vein 2 stronger.
Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nakutu (Bodeker), 2 5, 3 2 type.
Exp., 3 30, 9 40 mm.
(9a) Ancylolomia trrorata, sp. n.
S$. Head and thorax whitish tinged with rufous and slightly
irrorated with red-brown; abdomen white, dorsally tinged with
rufous towards base; antennze with the branches brownish; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with rufous.
Fore wing white largely tinged with rufous and irrorated with
brown, the costal area with a golden gloss; traces of a dark streak
in the cell; a slight fuscous discoidal point, point below origin of
vein 2 and slight bar below end of cell; a series of black points
just before termen. Hind wing glossy white with a series of slight
dark terminal points to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing
and costal area of hind wing suffused with rufous.
Hab. 8S. Niaerta, Lagos (Boag), 2 d type. Hap, 22 mm.
°
Pyralide: of the Subfamily Crambine. 147
(9h) Ancylolomia holochrea, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax ochreous; abdomen, pectus, and legs
ochreous white. Fore wing ochreous, the costal areaj tinged with
rufous, the rest of wing irrorated with red-brown, less strongly
below the cell on basal half; a terminal series of black points.
Hind wing nearly pure white.
Hab. S. Nieerta, Warri (Roth, Claydon), 1 3 type; N. Nr-
Gerta, Zunguru (Simpson), 1d. Hap. 22-24 mm.
Genus PROsMIXISs.
: Type.
Talis, Guen. Eur. Micr. Ind. Meth. p. 86 (1845), non descr.. quercella.
Prosmixis, Zell. Linn. Ent. i. p. 270 (1846) ....cccceceecenseeees quercella.
Hednota, Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 270...............085 bifractella,
Arazates, Rag. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) viii. p. 281 (1888)...... pulcherrima.
(7 a) Prosmixis radialis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax whitish tinged with ochreous yellow, the
tegule at sides and patagia ochreous yellow; abdomen silvery white
tinged with ochreous; pectus white; legs ochreous yellow. Fore
wing ochreous yellow; a silvery white streak below costa from base
to near apex ; a silvery white streak on median nervure and streaks
on veins 5, 3, 2 defined above and below by some black-brown
scales; a silvery white line before termen from apex to vein 3;
cilia silvery white with a pale fulvous line near base. Hind wing
silvery white tinged with ochreous yellow, the cilia white with a
pale fulvous line near base. Underside tinged with ochreous
yellow, the costa more strongly.
Hab. W. Avsrratia, Waroona (Berthond), 1dtype. Exp.
30 mm.
(22 ¢) Prosmixis discilunalis, sp. n.
g. Head white, the antenne tinged with red-brown, the palpi
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with black, white above;
thorax red-brown mixed with white; abdomen white tinged with
red-brown; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown. Fore
wing white suffused with red-brown and irrorated with a few black
scales especially in basal half of submedian fold, the inner and ter-
minal areas white; traces of a sinuous whitish medial line from
subcostal nervure to inner margin; a minute white discoidal lunule
defined by some black scales; postmedial line double, brown filled
in with white, excurved below costal, then oblique, some darker
brown beyond it on costa; the termen red-brown with slight blackish
points at the interspaces; cilia with a fine brown line near base. Hind
wing white slightly tinged with red-brown, the termen deeper red-
brown ; cilia white with a pale red-brown line near base. Underside
of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown,
the terminal area of fore wing whitish except towards tornus.
Hab. Vicrorta, Melbourne (Anderson), 1 3 type. Exp.22 mm.
148 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
(22d) Prosmixis plumbealis, sp. n.
3. Head rufous, the antenne dark brown, the palpi red-brown ;
thorax glossy red-brown; abdomen whitish suffused with red-
brown ; pectus and legs rufous. Fore wing whitish suffused with
reddish brown with a silvery leaden gloss and irrorated with black
scales; an indistinct diffused oblique white antemedial line; a
narrow white waved medial band defined on outer side by rufous
followed by some blackish, a small black spot on its inner side at
middle of cell and a small discoidal spot on its outer edge; a narrow
white subterminal band with slightly waved edges, defined on inner
side by rufous with some black scales before it except towards
inner margin, slight marks formed by black scales on its outer
edge at costa and below vein 6 with a rufous subapical patch be-
tween them, the band slightly incurved below costa and excurved
below vein 6; the termen white with some black points towards
apex and points below veins 4 and 2. Hind wing white tinged
with brown and with indistinct narrow white band before termen.
Underside white tinged with brown, the apical area of fore wing
whiter.
Hab. MasHonatann (Dobbie), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 20 mm.
(22e) Prosmixis albimaculalis, sp. n.
9. Head and thorax rufous mixed with some white; abdomen
white suffused with rufous except at base of dorsum; antennz
blackish ringed with white; palpi brownish tinged with fuscous ;
pectus and legs white tinged with brown. Fore wing whitish
suffused with pale red-brown and sparsely irrorated with dark
brown; a diffused white fascia in basal part of submedian fold ;
rather ill-defined spots in middle of cell and beyond its extremity
with a rufous patch between them and short black streak beyond
them ; ill-defined white spots in submedian interspace below middle
and end of cell with a rufous patch between them; postmedial line
white, excurved beyond the cell, then sinuous; a terminal series of
black points ; cilia silvery white with a brown line near base and
the tips tinged with brown. Hind wing white slightly tinged with
brown, the cilia pure white. Underside of fore wing and costal
area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Transvaat, Enkeld (Janse), 1 2 type. Hap. 24 mm.
(23d) Prosmixis flavipars, sp. n.
¢. Head and thorax black-brown, the outer part of patagia
red-brown ; abdomen whitish mixed with brown ; antenne black ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white mixed with red-
brown. Fore wing red-brown mixed with some blackish, the costal
area, the cell and area below it to just above vein 1 ochreous yellow
with some rufous irroration at costa; a series of slight black marks
in the interspaces just before termen; cilia dark brown mixed with
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 149
white. Hind wing white suffused with brown. Underside white
suffused with red-brown.
Hab. MasHonatand, Salisbury (Marshall), 2 3 type. Exp.
26-28 mm.
(23 e) Prosmixis albofascialis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax whitish suffused with red-brown; abdomen
white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd segment with a dorsal rufous
band; antenne black; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown.
Fore wing whitish suffused with red-brown ; a creamy white fascia
in submedian interspace to below end of cell with a rufous streak
below it on medial area ; some white in terminal half of cell with
some rufous scales on it at middle of cell and a rufous discoidal
bar; an indistinct whitish postmedial line, strongly excurved from
costa to vein 3, then incurved and with a rufous mark before it below
vein 2; some slight dark pomts on termen. Hind wing white
tinged with red-brown, the inner half of hind wing whiter.
Hab, Transvaat, Piet Reteif (Crawshay), 1 3 type. Exp.
30 mm.
(264) Prosmixis molybdella, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white suffused with pale
reddish brown ; head above and Ist segment of abdomen whiter.
Fore wing ochreous white, the basal area with obscure fuscous
streaks in and below the cell and a dark brown streak above vein 1 ;
a medial brown line produced to very long points on costa, in and
below the cell and to a shorter point on vein 1, the area beyond it
suffused with leaden grey except towards costa and with some white
in submedian fold; a double brown subterminal line filled in with
ochreous, strongly dentate inwards below costa then with dentitions
which increase in length to vein 2; the terminal area with some
white scales; slight brown points ona fine terminal ochreous line.
Hind wing yellowish white with a fuscous tinge; cilia pure white.
Hab. Orance R. Cotony, Bloemfontein (Eckersley), 2 3,
Kronstadt (Hekersley), 3 3d; Carpe Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F.
Barrett), 1 3 type, Grahamstown, 1 9. xp. 26-30 mm.
(266) Prosmizxis albiceps, sp. n.
@. Head white with a few pale brown scales; thorax and abdo-.
men brown mixed with whitish; antenne tinged with brown;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with
brown. Fore wing reddish brown mixed with grey-white; blackish
subbasa] streaks above and below vein 1; a dentate black medial
line strongly angled outwards at discal and submedian folds and
defined on inner side by white except towards costa; subterminal
line white defined on each side by blackish, dentate, angled inwards
at discal fold and above and below vein 8; a slightly waved dark
brown terminal line; cilia white with dark lines near base and
150 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
tips. Hind wing white tinged with brown; cilia white slightly
tinged with brown at tips. Underside white suffused with brown
except on apical area of fore wing.
Hab. Care Cotony, Capetown, Table M. (Meade-Waldo), 19
type. xp. 80 mm.
(26 c) Prosmixis argentescens, sp. n.
Head and thorax bright red-brown mixed with some whitish ;
abdomen white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd segment with some
fulvous on dorsum; antenne black ringed with white; palpi white
at base and with some black at tips; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing
bright red-brown mixed with some silvery whitish and slightly
irrorated with black scales except on costal and terminal areas ;
a faint blackish streak in end of cell and obscure red-brown
discoidal spot defined by whitish; the veins beyond the cell with
slight blackish streaks ; a faint whitish subterminal line excurved
above and below middle; a series of black points before termen
from below costa to vein 2; cilia silvery white tinged with red-
brown. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown; cilia white
with a pale red-brown line near base. Underside white tinged with
red-brown.
Hab. Transvaat, Lydenburg, 1 ¢; Cape Conony, Deelfontein
(Hoggett), 1 2 type, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett),1 2. Hap.
28-32 mm.
(26d) Prosmixis albescens, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax white mixed with red-brown, the head
whiter ; abdomen white tinged with red-brown ; palpi suffused with
black except towards base; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen white irrorated with red-brown. Fore wing white more
or less strongly mixed with red-brown and irrorated with black,
the costal area whiter ; a small rather diffused black discoidal spot ;
postmedial line indistinct, white defined on outer side by blackish,
angled outwards to near termen at vein 6, then oblique to below
vein 3, then bent inwards to vein 1 before middle and incurved to
inner margin. Hind wing white slightly tinged with red-brown,
the cilia almost pure white. Underside of fore wing white suffused
-with red-brown, the terminal area whiter.
Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Crawshay, Anderson), 2 2 type.
Exp. 34 mm.
Genus CONOTALIS, nov.
Type, C. aurantifascia.
Proboscis nearly fully developed; palpi downcurved, extending
about the length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi
strongly dilated with scales; frons with rounded prominence;
antenne of male typically strongly laminate. Fore wing with the
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 151
apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; veins 8 and 5 from near
angle of cell; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9
stalked ; 10, 11 from cell, 11 usually anastomosing with 12. Hind
wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ;
6 obsolescent from well below upper angle ; 8 slightly anastomosing
with 7.
In key differs from Prosmixis in the frons having a rounded
prominence.
Sect, I, Antenne of male with rather long uniseriate branches, the apex
ciliated.
(1) Conotalis nigrisquamalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax yellowish white tinged with rufous ; abdomen
yellowish white. Fore wing yellowish white with golden streaks
in the interspaces irrorated with large black scales; an almost
straight erect bright orange line just before middle; cilia golden.
Hind wing white tinged with brown.
Hab. Transvaaut (Ross, Janse), 13,19, Lydenburg, 1 ¢;
Natat, 2d; Cape Conony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett),1 3
type. Hep. 24-30 mm.
Sect, II, Antennz of male laminate.
(2) Conotalis aurantifascia.
Charltona awrantifascia, Hmpsn. P. Z.S. 1895, p. 970.
Gampia; SreRRA LEONE; Goip Coast; S. & N. Nigeria.
(8) Conotalis nigroradians.
Crambus nigroradians, Mab. Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 479.
Congo; “ Germ. E. Arrica”; Br. C. Africa,
Genus DIPLOPTALIS, nov.
Type, D. metallescens.
Proboscis aborted and slight; palpi downcurved, extending
about the length of the head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi
strongly dilated with scales at extremity; frons smooth and
rounded; antenne of female ciliated. Fore wing with the
apex rounded; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from
below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell,
11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3 from just
before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 obsolescent from below
upper angle; 8 anastomosing slightly with 7.
In key differs from Charltona in the fore wing having the apex
rounded, vein 11 anastomosing with 12.
152 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
Diploptalis metallescens, sp. n.
2. Head and thorax golden brown with a silvery gloss; abdo-
men white; pectus and legs white, the latter tinged with golden
brown. Fore wing metallic golden brown largely glossed with
greenish silver in the interspaces; a white fascia on costa, narrow-
ing to base and apex; a white fascia in submedian fold to below
end of cell and a white fascia in discal fold beyond the cell, ex-
panding to termen; a slightly incurved golden line at end of cell,
arising just below costa; an ocellate postmedial mark between
veins 4 and 2 with two black pupils defined by chrome-yellow
streaks which are connected on inner side; cilia silvery white with
a golden tinge. Hind wing glossy white, the cilia silvery. Under-
side white, the fore wing with the cell and area just beyond its
upper extremity tinged with red-brown.
Hab. N. Niaerta, Ilorin (Mac%e),1 2 type, Minna (Macfie),
12. xp. 30 mm.
Genus Canorauis, nov.
Type, C. distictalis.
Proboscis aborted and small; palpi downcurved, extending about
three times length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi
strongly dilated with scales at extremity ; frons rounded, with tuft
of scales above; antennz of male laminate. Fore wing with the
apex produced and acute, the termen oblique; vein 3 from well
before angle of cell; 5 from above angle; 6 from below upper
angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 anastomosing with 12.
- Hind wing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5
stalked; 6 obsolescent from below upper angle; 8 anastomosing
with 7.
In key differs from Gadira in the fore wing having vein 10
stalked with 8, 9, and 11 anastomosing with 12.
Cenotalis distictalis, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with rufous; palpi
white, irrorated with black-brown. Fore wing white tinged with
rufous and irrorated with dark brown; two obliquely placed black
discoidal points; an indistinct oblique brownish line from costa
before apex to vein 2 just beyond the cell; a fine black terminal
line; cilia with a fine dark line at middle. Hind wing glossy
white faintly tinged with ochreous. Underside white tinged with
rufous, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing more strongly.
Hab. N. Nigerta, Borgu, Yelwa L. (Mitgeod), 1 3,1 2 type.
Exp., 3 22, 2 24 mm.
Genus PRIONOTALIS, nov.
Type, P. peracutella.
Proboscis small; palpi downcurved, about three times length of
head and fringed with hair below ; maxillary palpi strongly dilated
with scales ; frons smooth and without tuft of hair; antennz of
Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 153,
Female almost simple. Fore wing very long and narrow, the costa
arched, the apex produced to an acute point, the termen very
oblique; the cell long; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5
from angle; 6 from well below upper angle; 7 from just below
the angle; 8,9 stalked; 10,11 from cell, 11 anastomosing with 12.
Hind wing with the cell long; vein 3 from well before angle of
cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 slightly
anastomosing with 8.
In key differs from Charltona in the fore wing having the apex
produced and acute, vein 11 anastomosing with 12.
Prionotalis peracutella, sp. n.
2. Head and thorax whitish tinged with pale pink ; abdomen
white faintly tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral!
surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown. Fore
wing whitish suffused with pale pink, the terminal half of costa
deeper pink; a small dark brown spot below the cell near base,
slight antemedial marks formed by dark scales below costa and
cell, a similar medial bar below costa, spots below the cell
and above vein 1, and spots in and beyond upper angle of cell; a
double curved postmedial series of slight dark spots on the veins ;
a terminal series of black points; cilia dark brown mixed with
some whitish. Hind wing silvery white; the underside with the
costal area slightly tinged with ochreous.
Hab. Gouin Coast, Sekondi, 1 9; N. Nreerta, Zungeru (Simp-
son), 1 9 type; Br. C. Arrica, Zomba (Rendall). Hxp.36 mm.
(6a) Charltona rufalis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax whitish suffused with rufous; abdomen
golden brown; palpi and legs golden brown, the fore legs darker.
Fore wing brownish rufous mixed with whitish; a white streak in
base of cell continued along median nervure and on bases of veins
4, 3, defined by a dark brown streak below basal half of cell and a
dark streak above from middle of cell; an ill-defined white spot
at upper angle of cell and some diffused white above inner margin
before middle; short blackish streaks in the interspaces at termen ;
cilia with some whitish mixed. Hind wing dark glossy reddish
brown, the cilia paler with a fine whitish line at base. Underside
uniform dark glossy reddish brown.
Q. Abdomen with the anal tuft fulvous yellow; fore wing paler
rufous irrorated with elongate dark brown scales.
Hab. Manpras, Nilgiris, Ouchterlony Valley (Andrewes), 2 3,
3 2 type; Travancore, Trivandrum (Fergusson),1 2. Exp.,
3 40, 9-54 mm.
(7a) Charitona endothermalis, sp. n.
2. Head and thorax pale ochreous white mixed with red-brown;
abdomen pale ochreous tinged with red-brown except at base ; palpi
red-brown except above; legs suffused with red-brown. Fore wing
ochreous white, the costal area slightly tinged with red-brown, the
Ann. & Mag.-N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 12
154 Mr. O. Thomas on
inner area suffused with red-brown, sparsely irrorated with dark
brown scales, some of the scales forming a slight diffused obliquely
curved shade from discal fold beyond the cell to below middle of
cell; a terminal series of black points from apex to submedian fold.
Hind wing creamy white suffused with reddish brown except at
base and inner margin ; a slight brown terminal line to submedian
fold; cilia creamy white. Underside creamy white tinged with
red-brown, the fore wing with obscure white discoidal bar.
Hab. Manras, Belgaum (Watson), 1 2 type. Hap. 44 mm.
(8a) Charltona interstitalis, sp. n.
2. Head golden yellow, the antenne black; thorax ochreous
white with dorsal black streak and oblique streak across base of
patagia ; abdomen pale yellow, tinged with brown except at base ;
legs suffused with blackish. Fore wing ochreous white; a black
streak on costa; a black fascia in discal fold from before middle of
cell to termen, interrupted by a pale discoidal bar; a black fascia
in submedian fold from base to below end of cell; a black fascia on
inner margin from before middle to tornus; a subapical black spot
on termen ; the terminal area with black fascie in the interspaces
from below vein 7 to above 2, the fascia below vein 5 short and
the one below 3 extending to below end of cell ; a small black spot
at submedian fold on termen. Hind wing yellowish white suffused
with reddish brown, the base, inner area, and a streak above median
nervure paler ; a terminal series of blackish points to submedian
fold; cilia pale. Underside yellowish white tinged with reddish
brown.
Hab. N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type, Torin
(Lugard),1 2. Hwp. 42 mm.
[To be continued. |
XXII.— Two new Rodents from Tartagal, Salta,
NN. Argentina. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
BEFORE obtaining the series from Abrapampa and Casabindo,
of which an account is given above, Sr. Budin tried collect-
ing at Tartagal, in the comparatively lowland part of the
Province of Salta. Conditions, however, were not very
suitable for the work, while a plague of ants rendered
trapping almost nugatory. Examples of the following species
were however obtained, among them being a new tuco-tuco
with the highly exceptional habit of living in thick forest
instead of open country :—
1. Hesperomys venustus, Thos.
¢. 401. Tartagal, 600 m.
“ Caught in woods,”—Z. B.
Two new Rodents from Argentina. 155
2. Akodon tartareus, sp. n.
oie a9 9:
‘« Caught in aravine onriver-bank. ‘Toes eaten by ants.”’—
B
A large vole-mouse of the varius group.
Size very large, larger than in any of the genus except the
Brazilian A. arviculoides and its allies. Fur long, soft, and
fine, hairs of back 12-13 mm. in length. General colour
above greyish buffy or clay-colour becoming more intense
posteriorly, the rump more ochraceous tawny. Under surface
slaty washed with pale pinkish cinnamon, not whitish as it
is in varius. Chin with a white patch, as in other members
of this group, but it is not very conspicuous, Hands and
feet butty whitish. Tail long, finely scaled, dark brown
above, dull buffy whitish below. :
Skull larger than in A. varius, Nasals long, much pro-
jected behind. Supraorbital edges sharply angular, though
not beaded. Interparietal rather broad antero-posteriorly,
short transversely. Palatal foramina reaching to the level of
the front of the middle lamina of m!. Incisive angle 73°.
Dimensions of the type :—
Head and body 134 mm.; tail 94; hind foot 25;
ear 19.
Skull: greatest length 31°5 mm.; condylo-incisive length
29°2; zygomatic breadth 16°6; nasals 12; interorbital
breadth 5:2; breadth of brain-case 13°53; palatilar length
13°5 ; palatine foramina 7°2 ; upper molar series (worn) 4°6,
Hab. as above.
Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 19.7. 25.2. Original
number 399. Collected 30th November, 1918.
This fine Akodon may be distinguished from A. varius, its
nearest ally, by its larger size and by the buffy or cinnamon
wash on its under surface.
3. Ctenomys sylvanus, sp. n.
6. 395; 2. 396, 397, 398, 400, 402, 403.
‘In sparse colonies in the woods on vegetable soil.”—
A very dark-coloured species allied to C. budina.
General colour above dull bistre-brown, very variable
according to the extent to which the slaty bases of the hairs
are hidden by their cinnamon-brown subterminal rings. In
addition, partly or wholly plumbeous specimens are in the
majority ; indeed, only one example, no. 397, is wholly free
from plumbeism, the type having a median blackish area on
the back. Under surface dark slaty washed with brownish
156 On Two new Rodents from Argentina.
cinnamon. Muzzle darker brown, but not definitely blackened.
Area round ears dark slaty. Hands thinly haired, whitish ;
feet almost naked, the few fine hairs white. ‘Tail practically
naked, its minute hairs brownish white.
Skull not distinguishable by any definite character from
that of C. budini. A separate bone present at the front of
the parietal in the only specimen in which this part has not
been broken. Interparietal distinct, but small. Palate
ending opposite the front edge of m?. Bulle about as in
budint.
Teeth as in budini, though the incisors may be slightly
more opisthodont (angle, 100°-103°).
Dimensions:of the type :—
Head and body 200 mm.; tail 73; hind foot 34;
ear 8.
Skull: upper median length 44°5 * mm. ; condylo-incisive
length 45*; gnathion to back of bulla 46°5*; zygomatic
breadth 27; nasals 168-2; interorbital breadth 10:5 ;
palatilar length 20; upper tooth-series. (crowns) 10:3;
ereatest diameter of p* 4:2.
Flub. as above.
Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 19. 7.25.4. Original
number 396. Collected 20th November, 1918.
The remarkable note made by Sr. Budin on the labels that
this species is found in thick forest is confirmed by the
following extract from one of his letters (translation) :—‘ In
spite of having been ill I have secured some specimens of
Tuco-tuco which certainly will interest you very much, and
I believe are new. They are in general of a dark plumbeous
colour, and the largest measures 200 mm. in length. I have
been surprised to find these animals in the thickest woods, as
I believed that Tuco-tucos only inhabited open country.
They are very rare, besides being exceedingly shy and diffi-
cult to trap, and it has given me great trouble to get this
small series.”’
In spite of this great difference in habits, which is as great
a surprise to me as it was to Sr. Budin, there is unexpectedly
little essential difference between C. sylvanus and C. budint,
the different colour and the more naked feet and tail being
practically the only distinguishing points, the skulls being
almost precisely similar. But as not one of the seven skulls
has escaped damage in the trapping, more perfect skulls may
in the future indicate some cranial difference not now
perceptible.
* These measurements were taken before the skull was separated for
cleaning, it having been broken in half by the trap.
THE ANNALS
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[NINTH SERLES.]
No, 22, OCTOBER: 1919.
XXIII.—Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris,
Fab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual
Characters. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S.
Tus paper is based upon astudy of the African and Asiatic
species of Melyris, Zygia, and Pseudozygia belonging to the
British Museum, the Hope Collection at Oxford, the Genoa
Museum, and the Congo Museum at Tervueren, Belgium.
The collections together possess upwards of 1000 specimens
of these insects, representing not less than 80 species, 36 of
which are here described as new. Melyris, in the wide sense,
extends over the whole of Africa, and is abundantly repre-
sented in the vicinity of the Great Lakes, the British Museum
collection being particularly rich in material from these
places. Numerous peculiar forms, too, inhabit Somaliland,
Abyssinia, and the Cape Region. Kastward, in Arabia,
Mesopotamia, and Syria, and northward, in Algeria, Tunis,
and the Mediterranean Region, there are also a certain
number of representatives. The small northern forms allied
to M. granulata, F., are excluded from the present enumera-
tion, the available material adding nothing to the account of
them given by Schilsky in 1897. ‘The types of three species
only were to be found in the British Museum—J, migra, F.,
and M, monticola and insularis,Gahan ; but amongst the ex-
tensive material kindly lent me by Dr. Gestro and M. Schou-
teden, there are many types or co-types of Reiche, Harold,
Gorham, and Pic, so that a certain number of the species of
these authors could be identified with certainty. he type
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. 13
158 Mr. G. C. Champion on the
of M. nigra, F., in the Banks collection at the British
Museum, is a South-African insect, which has been wrongly
identified by modern writers, mainly owing to Fabricius
subsequently referring another species (from Tangier) to it.
Amongst the large number of forms here enumerated *, no
fewer than 18 are represented by females only in the material
before me, the males being as a rule very much rarer: of
one species, M/. incompleta, Fairm., upwards of 50 examples
have been examined, all females. The genera Melyris, type
M. viridis, F., from 8. Africa, Zygia, type Z. oblonga, F., from
Syria, and Pseudozygia, type P. rubricollis, Pic, are treated
as synonymous, no character of sufficient value having been
detected by which to separate them. Melyris, it is true, has
a peculiarly formed «deagus and long, loosely articulated
antenne in ¢, and, if restricted to the forms possessing
these characters, it would include two species only, both
S. African. In that case the remainder, excluding those
with a non-carinate prothorax, would have to be placed
under Zygia, an arrangement followed by both Pic and
Schilsky. Pseudozygia is based upon Somaliland forms with
a very convex, red, non-carinate prothorax. M. granulata,F¥.,
and its allies, included by Schilsky under Melyris, require
a distinctive subgeneric or group name, and Melyridella is
here used for these insects, three of which are described in
the present paper. ‘The American forms, all of small size,
placed under Melyris by Leconte, have unarmed tarsal claws,
non-costate elytra, &c., and they, again, require a separate
generic name. The tarsal claws (described as simple by
Lacordaire +) are toothed in all the Old World forms, the
tooth varying in length and position according to the species,
but no use can be made of this character in grouping the
very numerous members of the genus. ‘I'he sexes are easily
distinguished by the form of the terminal ventral segments
of the abdomen, which are described by Baudi and Schilsky.
In addition five Arabian or East-African species (including
M. kiugi, Baudi) have the basal or second joint of the inter-
mediate, or the basal joint of the posterior, tarsi produced
into a spur or lobe in the males. The ¢ genital armature
has been examined in a number of forms, but no very
important differences have been detected in the general
* M. marginicollis, Ancey (? =collaris, Fairm.), olivacea, Guér., steboldi,
Gredl., semihirta, incostata, testacerpes, Fairm., limbata, Péring., rubripes,
Luc., sinaila, obscuritarsts, rubrolimbata, atriceps, femoralis, and taborensis,
Pic, reitteri, Heyd., and longicollis, Schilsky, have not been found or
identified in the collections studied.
+ Gen, Coléopt. iy. p. 407 (1857).
ito)
African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 15
structure, except that the median lobe of the wedeagus of the
S. African M. viridis and lazicornis is strongly toothed
towards the tip, the tooth being altogether absent in all the
other species dissected by myself. The females have the
fifth ventral segment truncate at the apex, and the sixth so
deeply sulcate down the middle as to appear cleft, this
terminal segment (and the corresponding dorsal one) being
almost invariably infuscate or black, even when the abdomen
is testaceous. The males have the fifth ventral segment
more or less hollowed or emarginate at the apex, the sixth
smoother, notched at the tip, and usually hollowed or foveate
on each side of the somewhat convex median portion, the
sixth sometimes rufescent when the rest of the ventral
surface of the abdomen is metallic or black. In some species
the abdomen differs in colour in the two sexes, the base,
apex, or median portion being infuscate in 9? , when the rest
of the ventral surface is wholly testaceous in ¢. The
colour of the metasternum (pectus) and legs has been used
by various authors as a distinctive specific character in the
present genus, and on the whole it seems to be fairly
reliable.
In arranging the African Melyris it has been found
convenient to group them under various geographical areas,
notwithstanding the fact that some of the species of wider
distribution are not confined to the areas in question, there
being a mixture of Eastern and Western forms in Uganda,
Northern Rhodesia, and the Congo Region.
According to the notes attached to various specimens
captured by Dr. G. H. D. Carpenter, H.C. Dollman, and
other collectors, these insects are mainly found upon flowers,
especially of Acacia.
The material examined belongs to the British Museum
when the collector’s name only is quoted.
Key to the Arrangement of the Species of Melyris, sensu lato.
I. Prothoracic carine present.
a. Antenne loosely articulated, long in d, joints 4-10
triangular; prothoracic carinze abbreviated pos-
teriorly ; median lobe of ¢ edeagus armed with a
sharp, backwardly-directed triangular tooth towards
apex beneath. [S. Africa] [Metynis, F.,s.str.] .. Nos. 1, 2.
b. Antenne shorter and broader (except in Nos. 20 and
43), strongly serrate or dentate ; median lobe of ¢
zedeagus without tooth *.
* So far as ascertained in the species dissected.
13*
160 Mr. G. C. Champion on the
a. Ventral segments 3-5 of df without linear de-
pressed areas. [Africa, generally] .....+...+.. Nos. 3-71.
b'. Ventral segments 3-5 of ¢ with linear depressed
areas. [Paleearctic and Asiatic] [Subgen. Zyera,
TES) ARTE bhseast ays iinet es Fa hee the verre Nos. 72-75.
If. Prothoracie carinee wanting, or, at most, indicated
near anterior margin.
a. Anterior margin of prothorax very prominent in the
middle in front, the prothorax itself convex or
gibbous: species larger and more robust, with the
elytra metallic and the prothorax and under surface
testaceous, [Somaliland] [Subgen. Psrupozyeta,
Bic HNe beak Montel ate ne els Ri DIT iboats Claws Sink ate Nos. 76, 77.
b. Anterior margin of prothorax not or but little extended
in front, the prothorax itself moderately convex :
species smaller and more depressed, black or
metallic, exceptin M. fulvipennis. { Africa,generally,
and Mediterannean Region*] [Subgen. MELyRI-
PRL EAL) ) Bs; Bea APR aes ewe cere ote bes tewis te ..++ Nos. 78-80.
Norz.—Species belonging to I, a, b, and a’ (Nos. 1-71) are
tabulated under six geographical headings in the accom-
panying text: S. Africa (Nos. 1-15), W. and W. Central
Africa (Nos. 16-23), E. and E. Central Africa (Nos. 24-46),
Somaliland (Nos. 47-55), Abyssinia (Nos. 56-64), and
N. Africa, &c. (Nos. 65-71).
MELyRIS,
Melyris, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 58 (1775) (type M. viridis, F.).
Zygia, Fabricius, loc. eit. p. 126 (type Z. oblonga, F.).
Pseudozygia, Pie, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 506 (1898) (type
P. rubricollis, Pic).
Section I.
South African Forms.
a. Antenne long and loosely articulated, at least in ¢.
[ MmrLYRIs, 8. St.) sac ee car cries ess aye Ee poe Nos. 1, 2.
1. Melyris viridis.
Melyris viridis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 58 (1775); Oliy. Ent. ii. 21, p. 1,
t. 1. fig. 1; Guér. Icon. Régne Anim. p. 50; Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr. 1888, p. 174.
g. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate ex-
cavation in the middle, broadly arcuate-emarginate at apex,
6 short, convex along the centre, angularly emarginate at
tip; median lobe of edeagus broad, subangularly dilated
* M. granulata, F., and its N. African and Asiatic allies are not enume-
rated in this paper.
African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 161
towards apex, rapidly, obliquely narrowed and excavate
ventrally thence to the pointed tip, the apical ventral portion
with a strongly raised, prominent median keel terminating
proximally in a backwardly-directed acute triangular tooth
(figs. la, 6) ; tegmen feebly emarginate and fringed with
long flavous hairs at tip.
Fig. 1.
Melyris viridis, F., 3.
Hab. S. anv S,W. Arnica (Mus. Ovon., Mus. Genoa),
Cape of Good Hope, Port Nolloth, and Damaraland (Mus.
Brit.), Owampo (3 Schinz, sec. Fairmaire).
The British Museum possesses a long series of M. viridis
(3 2) from Cape Town, also four females from Port Nolloth
and two males from Damaraland. This insect, the type of
the genus Melyris, has the head small and rather elongate ;
the antennal joints 4-10 triangular, 6-10 transverse, strongly
so in 2 ; the tarsal claws feebly toothed at the middle (the
tooth being so small that it seems to have been overlooked
by Lacordaire) ; and the median lobe of the g edeagus
furnished with a strong backwardly-directed tooth. The
body is green, rarely blue, above and beneath, the legs
included, pubescent, and not very shining ; the head and pro-
thorax are closely, rather coarsely, umbilicate-punctate ; the
lateral carina of the prothorax is sinuate, abbreviated pos-
teriorly ; the elytra are feebly tricostate, the interspaces
with about five rows of crowded coalescent punctures ; and
the legs are more elongate than in M. abdominalis and its
allies. ‘l'wo males have been dissected.
2. Melyris laxteornis, sp. n.
Oblong-oval, rather dull, green or bluish-green, the elytra
and under surface sometimes sneous or xneo-cupreous, the
antenne black with the basal joints more or less reddish :;
finely pubescent ; the head and prothorax densely punctulate
162 Mr. G. C. Champion on the
and reticulate. Head small, narrow; antenne (¢) long,
the joints loosely articulate, 4-10 triangular, longer than
broad, gradually decreasing in length, ( ?) shorter, joints
6-10 broader than long. Prothorax transverse, explanate
laterally, the sides rounded posteriorly and rapidly converging
anteriorly, the lateral carina sinuate and not reaching the
base, the disc feebly convex and shallowly canaliculate.
Elytra wider than the prothorax, acuminate at tip; alu-
taceous, sharply tricostate, the interspaces with from 3-5
irregular rows of rather fine punctures, the lateral margins
somewhat explanate, the inferior margin crenulate. Abdomen
closely punctured, without long hairs at tip. Legs long ;
tarsal claws with a small tooth at the middle.
¢. Ventral segments 4 and 5 each with a deep, trans-
verse, arcuate excavation in the centre, that on 4 small, 5
broadly arcuate-emarginate at apex, 6 bi-impressed ; median
lobe of zedeagus stout, lanciform, armed with an acute trian-
gular tooth on the ventral aspect at some distance before
the tip (figs. 2a, 6).
Length 63-8, breadth 8-4 mm, (¢ ?.)
Fig. 2.
a. b.
Melyris laxicornis, sp. n., do.
Hab. S.W. Arrica, Namaqualand (C. H. B. Grant: 3 9),
Port Nolloth (ev coll. Fry: 3 2).
Ten specimens, a ¢ from Namaqualand taken as the type.
Closely related to the 8S. African MV. viridis, F., but much
smaller; the antennz elongated and loosely articulated, and
the median lobe of the edeagus differently shaped, in ¢ ; the
elytra sharply costate and more finely punctate. The colour
is variable. MJ. laxicornis cannot be identified with any
of the Melyris from Caffraria described by Boheman. A 3
from each locality has been dissected.
African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, 163
6, Antenne shorter, strongly serrate.
a, Species small, black or metallic, above and beneath,
elytral margins red in M. rufoman GUE D es « a, 65 ot or Nos. 3-15.
b'. Species larger and more robust, metallic above, the
legs in part and abdomen rufescent, the meta-
sternum PEGUINC CSCI. sad nad de esa tees dae one Nos. 14, 15.
3. Melyris ite
Melyris miger, Fabr. Spec. Ins. i. p. 67 (1781)*; Ent. Syst. i, p. 226
(1792) ?; Syst. Eleuth.i. p. 311 PiSOLY °, Oliv. Ent. ii: 21, p. 5, t. 1.
figs. 3a, bs (nec M. nigra, Schilsky, Kaf. Europ. XXXiyv. no. 97, 1897).
Melyri ts nigrita, Gory, in litt. (in Mus. Brit. and Mus. Oxon.).
Oblong, opaque above, moderately shining beneath, nigro-
piceous or black, the basal joints of the antenne slightly
rufescent ; thickly clothed with rather stiff blackish pub-
escence, which forms a conspicuous close fringe along the
margins of the body, the abdomen also with long black hairs
at the tip; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and
reticulate. Head short, rather broad, the eyes convex ;
antenne short. Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowed
anteriorly, obsoletely canaliculate, the lateral carina feebly
sinuate. Elytra moderately long, at the base very little
broader than the prothorax, slightly widened posteriorly and
rounded at the apex ; sharply tricostate to near the tip, the
interspaces coarsely and regularly triseriate-punctate, the
inferior apical margin sharply crenulate. Beneath alu-
taceous, sparsely, minutely punctate. Legs slender ; tarsal
claws sharply toothed near the base.
3. Ventral segment 5 transversely excavate in the middle,
broadly emarginate at tip, 6 smoother, unimpressed, notched
at apex.
9. Ventral segment 6 deeply sulcate down the middle.
Length 4-54, breadth 2-24 mm. (¢ 2.)
Hab. Sourn Arrica, Cape of Good Hope (Mus. Brit.,
Mus. Oxon.), Table Mountain (W. Bevins: § 2), Cape
Town (G. A. K. Marshall).
The type (?) of this species in the Banksian collection
(preserved in the British Museum) has been carefully
cleaned, and it proves to be a S. African insect (as is also
M. viridis, F.), which can be exactly matched in a series of
eight examples from the Cape. [Fabricius in his earlier
papers ** gave no locality for MW. nigra, but in 1801° he added
“anger,” obviously in error. Schilsky’s M. nigra=
granulata, F.
164 Mr. G. C. Champion on the
-
4. Melyris rufomarginata, sp. n.
Melyris rufomarginata, De}. Cat., 3rd edit. p. 125 (1836) *.
Moderately elongate, depressed, opaque; piceous or nigro-
piceous, the outer margins of the elytra testaceous or rufo-
testaceous, the pallid coloration sometimes extending inward
over the humeral callosities and forward fora short distance
along the suture at the apex ; somewhat thickly clothed with
short, bristly, fuscous hairs, which form a conspicuous ciliate
margin along the sides of the body, the abdomen also with
a few long hairs at the tip ; the head and prothorax closely
punctulate and reticulate. Head small, short; antenne short,
the outer joints moderately widened. Prothorax strongly
transverse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, canaliculate, the
lateral carina sharp and almost straight, reaching the base
at some distance from the hind angles, the margins finely
crenulate. Elytra moderately long, wider than the pro-
thorax; feebly tricostate, the interspaces rather finely tri-
or quadri-seriate-punctate, the lateral and apical margins
narrowly explanate, the inferior margin conspicuously crenu-
late. Legs short, rather slender ; tarsal claws comparatively
short, toothed near the base.
g. Ventral segment 5 broadly, feebly arcuate-emarginate,
6 almost smooth, notched at the tip.
2. Ventral segment 6 deeply sulcate down the middle.
Length 33-5, breadth 14-2 mm. (¢ ?.)
Hab. S. Avarca (Mus. Br it., Dr. Andrew Smith), Grahams-
town, Cape of Good Hope * (2 coll. Fry), Enon, Algoa Bay
(J. S. Duncan, 1835, in Mus. Oxon.).
Nine specimens, including one @. Apparently un-
described, though examples of it had been received by the
British Museum in 1844 and 1848.
iG
ive)
J
bee |
OO
~I
co
22°3-25°7 += 27°1-29°2 27
Ro
2
Ct
Masseter lateralis.
Least antero-posterior dia-
meter of outer wall of
infraorbital canal .... 17'8 16°3-17°7 14°5-16°4 15-4
Temporal.
Mastoid breadth minus the
least distance between
temporal ridges behind. $827 31:2 29°1 28°8
Collector's measurements of type.—Head and body 300 mm. ; tail 357 ;
hind foot 70; ear 35 (hind-foot measurement too large, 65 on skin).
Measurement of skull.—Condylo-basal length 62°4 ; zygomatic breadth
31°7; interorbital constriction 9°38; mastoid breadth 23:4; nasals
25:2 x 88; incisor to m.* 34:3; diastema 20; length of anterior palatal
foramina 6:4; length of preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 10°7 ;
least diameter of zygomatic plate 6:1; molar crowns 10:4,
2. The emini or sleek-furred group.
In the southern part of the tract occupied by C. gambianus
and in the forested region to the south of it we meet with a
number of forms which, if judged by external appearance
alone, would all be referred to one single species. ‘The forms
in question range from the Gambia, Fernando Po, Gold
Coast, and adjoining countries on the west, eastwards and
southwards right through the Congo Basin; they appear also
to have an outlying representative in the island of Zanzibar.
All are characierized by the possession of soft, sleek, and silky
fur, which varies in length and density in different parts of
the enormous range indicated. Beneath the uniform coats a
great wealth of variation is displayed in the skulls ; and IL
Ann. & Mag. N, Hist, Ser. 9. Vol. iv, ZL
286 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on
believe that these forms represent several perfectly distinct
species. It is difficult to compare skulls of poensis, dolichops,
and emini without coming to such a conclusion. Far more
material is needed, however, before any attempt to work
out the relationships can succeed. On the present occasion
I have to describe two new forms: one from the southern
part of the Belgian Congo, best treated as a subspecies of
C. emint, Wroughton ; the other from the island of Zanzibar,
provisionally accorded full specific rank.
Cricetomys emini sanctus, subsp. n.
Type-—An adult male (teeth more than half-worn)
collected at Inkongo, Sankuru, on August 27, 1912, by
Mr. H. Wilson; B.M. 13. 4.7. 5. "No vother ‘specimen
known.
Description.—Compared with typical C. emint, this form
differs in having much shorter and thinner, though equally
sleek fur, and more importantly in its much paler coloration
and smaller size.
The back is a light brown approaching clay-colour, while
the flanks are still lighter ; underparts pure white. The ears
and a stripe extending forwards between the eyes dusky ;
owing to the pallid dorsal coloration the ears are more
strikingly contrasted with the pale cheeks and surrounding
parts than in typical eminz. ‘The feet are brown, practically
concolor with the back. The white of the tail occupies
rather more than the terminal third.
Apart from its smaller size the skull differs from that of
typical eméni only in having relatively shorter palatal
foramina; their length amounts to 9°8 ‘/, of the condylo-
basal length instead of 11°7-13°4 °/, as in true emini.
Collector's measurements.—Head and body 297 mm.; tail 395; hind
foot 69; ear 38.
Measurements of skull (with corresponding dimensions of the type of
emini in brackets).—Condylo-basal length 65:1 (74:6); zygomatic
breadth 30°8 (85:4); interorbital constriction 103 (11:4); mastoid
breadth 23 (26°6); nasals 27°9 x 9:2 (82°7 x 11:1); incisor to m.° 35:7
(40:2); diastema 22°] (24:1); length of anterior palatal foramina 6:4
(9:5) ; length of preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 11°8 (15-6) ; least
diameter zygomatic plate 5°6 (7); molar crowns 10:1 (11°4),
Cricetomys cosenst, Sp. 0.
Type—An adult female (B.M. 19. 6. 9. 20) collected by
Mr. H. H. Swinny on the island of Zanzibar on April 29,
1919; presented to the National Collection by Colonel Cosens,
the Genus Cricetomys. 287
In addition to the type we have from Zanzibar three speci-
mens collected by Mr. J. T. Last and an adult male collected
and presented by Dr. Aders.
Description—Apart from its larger size this species is
very similar in outward appearance to C. emini sanctus, just
described. The fur is short and thin, but quite soft and
sleek. In four of the specimens, including the type, the
general colour of the back ranges from russet or cinnamon
to mummy-brown; but one sent by Dr. Aders is consider-
ably darker. There is no distinct trace of mid-dorsal
darkening in any. The underparts are thinly clothed with
pure white or yellowish hairs. The ears are brown, nearly
matching the dorsal colour. The hands are whitish in colour
from the wrists, The feet are dark brown above, with the
digits and inner margins whitish. The terminal half of the
tail is white.
The skull is about as large as in emini (condylo-basal
length 68-73°3 mm.), and considerably larger than in
gambianus ; it agrees with that of emdéni further in its
relatively small zygomatic breadth ; this dimension expressed
as a percentage of the condylo-basal length ranges between
46°7 and 47°8 in cosensi, 45°4-47°8 in emini, and 49-52°5 in
gambianus. The anterior palatal foramina are relatively
larger than in eminz, their lengths ranging between 12°5 and
14:2 °/, of the condylo-basal length instead of between 9°8
and 13°4 °/,, and the breadth 4°9-6°2 °/, instead of 4:3-4:8 °/..
In other respects the skull agrees with that of emin.
Collector's measurements of type (with dimensions of Dr. Aders’s speci-
men in brackets).—Head and body 343 (3869) mm. ; tail 390 (881); hind
foot 70 (72); ear 41.
Measurements of skull of type (with those of Dr. Aders’s specimen in
brackets),—Condylo-basal length 72 (73°3); zygomatic breadth 33°6
(34°7) ; interorbital constriction 11°3 (10°6); mastoid breadth 25:1 (25-4);
nasals 31 x 10 (83°3 x 10); incisor to m.* 39°8 (40°7); diastema 24:2
(24-7) ; length of anterior palatal foramina 10-2 (9°7); length of pre-
orbital fossa for masseter medialis 14°4 (145); least diameter of
zygomatic plate 6:3 (5°3) ; molar crowns 10°7 (10:7).
Remarks.—The Zanzibar Cricetomys is of quite excep-
tional interest, and I have much pleasure in naming it after
Colonel Cosens, who is most generously finding the funds for
Mr. Swinny’s collecting work. ‘The nearest geographical
allies of C. cosenst are the mainland forms named by Heller
C. g. enguvi and C. g. osgoodi; but these in common with
the numerous mountain races described from East Africa
are animals of a wholly different type. They resemble
ambiinus, as well as the southern subspecies vitor, eunctator
: i
288 On the Genus Cricetomys.
and adventor, described from the region between Lake Nyassa
and Zululand, in having long loose fur which imparts a
characteristic shagg appearance—and in their skulls, of
course, they have their own peculiarities. On the other hand,
cosenst is clearly very closely allied to the eeographically
remote emini, differing from the typical race of the latter
species in little beyond its paler coloration and thinner fur.
3. Other groups.
The discussion of the relationships of the KE. African
members of the genus must be reserved for another occasion.
Thomas has described a very distinct species, C. ansorgei, from
Angola ; this animal is of large size and the characters of its
coarse pelage, dark ventral coloration, large skull, and teeth
have suggested a possible affinity with some of the E. African
forms. The skull-characters, however, seem to show that
there is no close affinity between ansorgei and the many
mountain forms from HE. Africa. I would take this oppor-
tunity to describe a Cricetomys from Lagos which, resembling
ansorget in external appearance, is of far smaller size. It
may be known as
Cricetomys servorum, sp. 0
Type.—An adult female (B.M. 10. 10. 24. 2) from Lagos;
collected and presented by Captain Lawrence.
Deseription.—This species closely resembles C. ansorgei in
general appearance; it is distinguished by its much smaller
size (hind foot about 60, instead of 72-79 mm.) and by
various cranial peculiarities.
The fur is loose, thin, and of harsh quality. The general
dorsal colour is near mummy-brown gradually lightening to
erey on the flanks ; the flank-colour merges insensibly in the
o
daik ashy grey of one underparts, the ventral hairs having
slaty bases. Bars dull brown, sharply contrasted with the
pale cheeks in front, but matching the dorsal colour behind.
Hands and feet lighter dorsally, their colour being near
Brussels brown; the digits and lateral margins whitish.
The tip of the tail is white, but much of the caudal epidermis
has peeled off in the type and only known specimen, so that
it is uncertain how far upwards the white extends.
The skull is distinguished from that of ansorge: by its
much smaller size, small bullee, relatively shorter nasals
longer diastema and anterior palatal foramina. It lacks the
Method of taking the Iicisive Indew in Rodents. 289
rather prominent postorbital processes which are characteristic
of the larger species.
Measurements.— Hind foot measured on the skin about 60 mm.
Measurements of skull (with corresponding dimensions of a skull of
ansorgei in parentheses).—Condylo-basal length 68°7 (77) mm. ; zygomatic
breadth 33 ea. (38) ; interorbital constriction 10-2 (11°4) ; mastoid breadth
24-2 (27:1); nasal 28x 10:1 (33x 10°5); incisor to m.° 36°8 (42°3) ; dia-
stema 22 (23-9); length of anterior palatal foramina 88 (82) ; length of
preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 14 (14); least diameter of zygo-
matic plate 6:2 (8:1) ; molar crowns 10° (12'8).
XXVIU.—The WWethod of taking the Incisive Index in
Rodents. By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
THE angle at which rodent incisors protrude from the jaw
has long been recognized as an important character of diffe-
rent groups, but it is only recently that an attempt has been
made to define that angle more exactly, instead of merely
speaking of ‘incisors thrown forward” and so on.
; ore ae ee
(anny -
My
Zi. My
= Upp,
Diagram showing method of talking incisive index in rodents,
This angle, when exactly measured and defined, proves
to be exceedingly useful as a systematic character, but it is
essential that the way it is taken should be clearly understood,
290 Mr. H. E. Anudrewes on Oriental Carabideé.
The line of the grinding-edge of the check-teeth being taken
as a basis, the angle was in the first paper * deduced from
that formed by the terminal part of the incisor; but later on ¢
I have found it better to use the whole extruded part of the
latter tooth. But since the description of the taking of the
angle might be easily misinterpreted, I have now had pre-
pared the accompanying diagram showing the way the process
is carried out and the angle read off. This will, I hope,
facilitate the work of other observers.
Incisors thrown forward are those with a high resultant
angle, and might be called, as suggested in 1918 f, “ pro-
odont,” upright ones (approximating 90°), ‘* orthodont,” and
those turned in towards the throat, with low angular index,
* opisthodont.””
The benefits of such definition as is given by a numerical
angle have already been fully emphasized, and need not be
here again detailed.
XXIX.—Papers on Oriental Carabidee.—ILII.
By H. E. AnpRrewes.
CARABINI,
Calosoma beesoni, sp. n.
Length 24-25 mm. ; width 10°5 mm.
Black ; vertex and sides of head, sides of prothorax,
elytra, and underside (except along median line) zeneous.
Head (455 mm. wide) convex, closely punctate, more
finely on neck, strigose near eyes; mandibles not much
curved, with moderate cross-striation ; joints 2 and 3 of
antennz compressed, with a sharp edge, 3 half as long
again as 4,
Prothorax transverse (7 x 4°5 mm.), cordate, bordered in
front and at sides, slightly emarginate in front; base bi-
sinuate, hardly wider than apex; sides strongly rounded,
faintly sinuate behind, border not quite reaching base ;
median line faint ; basal fovee rather small, adjacent to hind
* J. Bombay N. H. Soc. xxiv. p. 408 (footnote) (1916).
+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. p. 302 (footnote) (1916).
{ Jbid, (9) i. p. 85 (footnote) (1918).
Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 291
angles ; surface moderately convex, closely punctate, more
sparsely on disk, more coarsely along base and front margin.
Klytra moderately short and wide, nearly four times as
long as prothorax, with a long scutellary stria, a fine sutural
stria, and fifteen more or less crenulate strize (punctate on
disk near base) ; a wide aciculate marginal area, in which
towards apex two further ill-defined striz can generally be
detected ; primary intervals (4, 8, and 12) with a series of
shallow, brassy punctures, each with a fine raised point ; all
intervals imbricate, but on the first two or three near base
the cross-lines are replaced by fine punctures; interval 6
usually wider towards apex, with the surface irregularly
broken up.
Underside coarsely punctate, more finely on middle of
ventral surface; metasternum smooth, middle of prosternum
nearly so, the punctures more or less confluent on met-
episterna and sides of ventral surface, latter irregularly
depressed, last segment transversely striate ; grooves on pro-
sternal process not reaching apex, metepisterna hardly longer
than wide, a tuft of hairs on their outer margin near base.
3. Front tarsi with three dilated joints; intermediate tibic
curved, hind tibie straight, former densely clothed on inner
and middle of outer surface, latter on inner surface towards
apex with light brown hairs.
2. All tibiz straight, the intermediate ones clothed with
light brown hairs on middle of outer surface.
The species belongs to Motchulsky’s Caminara group, and
is closely allied to C. imbricatum, Klug, but a little larger;
the colour is almost identical. Head more coarsely punctate,
less noticeably striate near eyes; mandibles much more finely
striate, antenne thicker; prothorax more coarsely punctate,
a little less contracted behind ; punctures on the primary
intervals of the elytra less numerous; underside much more
coarsely sculptured, intermediate tibiz (¢) more curved.
N. India, United Provinces: Mondali, Kathian, Molta,
and Bodyar, all Jaunsar Himalayas, 7500’-8000’ (C.F. C.
Beeson). Thano, Dehra Dun District, 4000’. Kalela
Forest, Simla Division, “found eating the deodar’s defo-
liating caterpillar.” 11 ex., ¢ 2. All Forest Research
Institute, Dehra Dun.
N.W. Himalayas (4. P. Stebbing) 5 ex., all very defective.
British Museum.
The type (Beeson) is in the British Museum,
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.
bo
to)
bho
OMOPHRONINI.
Omophron rotundatum, Chaud.
This species was described by Chaudoir from Mesopotamia
and the Transcaucasian Provinces of Russia. In the col-
lection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, there are two
examples (both very defective) which I refer to this species,
one labelled “Quetta, Baluchistan (Webb-Ware),” the other
‘** Mussoorie, W. Himalayas, c. 7000 ft.” In both the green
patch on the prothorax continues nearly to the side margin,
the colour, however, merging into brown, lighter in the
Quetta, darker in the Mussoorie example. In the former
there is a small, rather faint fuscous spot at the middle of
the base of the elytra; in both examples the sides of the
median green patch on the elytra are quite dissociated from
the central part, and form separate rounded spots ; the hind
patch is of the’same width as in the type-form, but longer.
Omophron bicolor, sp. 1.
Length 3°75-4°0 mm.; width 2°75-3°0 mm.
Black ; upperside blue-green ; labrum, clypeus, middle of
front, antennz, palpi, legs, ventral surface, and a broad
border on prothorax and elytra, together with epipleure,.
testacecus.
Head moderately convex, flat in front, shiny, moderately
and sparsely punctate, the testaceous colour on clypeus and
front not quite reaching level of hind margin of eyes.
Prothorax strongly transverse, moderately convex, base
projecting backwards in middle and bisinuate at sides,
emarginate in front ; front angles acute, porrect, contiguous
to eyes, hind angles about right, side margin reflexed but
continuing with hardly any break the contour of elytra;
median line just visible, surface shiny, moderately and
uniformly punctate, smooth near margin, testaceous border
covering on each side in front one-fourth of width of front
margin, but contracting to half the width at base.
Elytra rather flat for the genus, not much dilated below
shoulder, widest at a fourth from base ; striate-punctate,
the punctures evanescent towards apex, strize 1-12 and 15
clearly marked, only traces of 13 and 14 visible, intervals
smooth; the broad testaceous border reaches stria 9 at base,
contracts to stria 10 at a third from base, expands again to
Mr. H. B. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee, 293
stria 7 at a half, and contracts to stria 9 at two-thirds ; the
green colour, pointed at extremity, does not quite reach
apex, and the line of junction of the two colours is a little
jagged throughout.
Underside coarsely but sparsely punctate, ventral surface
smooth,
Larger than O. brettinghame, Pasc., similar in outline,
but much less convex, a bluer green in colour, testaceous
border on both prothorax and elytra much wider, the line
where the colours meet on the elytra much less regular,
striz less evanescent towards apex.
Dacca 1 ex., “India” 2 ex., all from coll. Bowring.
British Museum.
Calcutta, Eden Gardens, 7.x1.1911 (fF. H. Gravely), 1 ex.,
“at light.” Indian Museum.
Omophron testudo, sp. n.
Length 7:0-7°5 mm.; width 4°5-5°0 mm.
Brown-black ; vertex and sides of head, a large spot on
prothorax, and elytra dark green; front, clypeus, labrum,
palpi, front and sides of prothorax, two irregular fascize on
elytra, with margins, apex, and epipleure, ventral surface
and legs testaceous-red.
Head wide (2°25 mm.), front smooth, but with a little
transverse striation, finely striate near eyes, green area at
back coarsely shagreened, very coarsely, sometimes con-
fluently punctate, clypeal suture angular in middle.
Prothorax strongly transverse (87 75 mm. wide), both
front and hind margins produced in middle, latter slightly
bisinuate on each side, median projection forming an obtuse
angle, former emarginate on each side beliind eyes, all angles
acute, width gradually increasing from apex to base, sides
slightly rounded in front and faintly sinuate before hind
augles; surface coarsely shagreened, smoother at sides, lon-
gitudinally striate along base, middle of base flattened and
coarsely punctate, sparsely punctate along front margin,
median line fine but distinct, not reaching margins; green
patch more or less rectangular, extending from middle of
base a little more than halfw ay towards both apex and sides,
margins ill defined.
Elytra shortly oval, shiny, with fifteen very finely punctate
strie, of which only 1 and 15 actually reach apex, 2, 3, 7, 8,
and 11 terminating long before it, intervals convex, minutely
294 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.
and sparsely punctate. The front fascia is wide at the
margin and just reaches the shoulder; it contracts aud
almost disappears on interval 10, widens again over 7 and 8,
contracting and disappearing on 5. “The hind fascia is
similar outwardly, but inwardly it extends over interval 4.
The testaceous apical area sends an arm forward along inter-
vals 7-9; the green colour extends nearly to apex along
intervals 1 and 2.
Underside smooth and glabrous ; prosteruum in front of
coxee, its episterna at base, and the prosternal plate with a
few punctures, last-named bordered at sides, subocular ridge
well marked, extending inwards rather beyond buccal fissure,
the area between it and the eye longitudinally striate. ‘The
first two joints of the front tarsi and the first joint of the
intermediate tarsi are dilated in the ¢.
I have compared examples of this species with a specimen
in my collection taken by Pére Cardon at Nowatoli in Chota
Nagpur, which (though I have not had the opportunity of
comparing it with the type) I identify with O. guttcdum,
Chaud. The new species is larger, more nearly circular,
but otherwise very similar both in form and pattern, though
in C. guttatum the latter is more clearly defined. Head
more roughly sculptured, more coarsely punctate, clypeal
suture with an angle in the middle, instead of semicircular,
subocular ridges similar ; sides of prothorax more rounded,
base flattened, surface more coarsely but less punctate ;
intervals of elytra more convex, surface more shiny, front
fascia extending inwards to interval 5 only (in gutfatum it
reaches 4), hind fascia and testaceous apical area wider, the
latter with a more jagged front margin; punctures on
prosternum and its episterna fewer.
Annam: Keng Trap. Tonkin: Tranninh. Laos: Ko
Kieng (R. Vitalis de Salvaza), 5 ex. The type is in the
British Museum.
Inthe genus Omophron there is usually present beneath
the head on each side a subocular ridge. ‘This runs inwards
and a little forwards from near the side of the head and
extends as far as the buccal fissure or even beyond it. The
area between the ridge and the eye is somewhat depressed
and rugose or punctured. In O. “imbatum, V., the ridge is
short and inconspicuous, the area in front of it coarsely
punctate. In the species just described the ridge is very
evident, the front adjacent area longitudinally — striate,
without punctures. I mention this character, as I find it a
variable one and I think it may possibly prove useful for
purposes of classification,
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 295
OzH#NINI.
Before describing any new species I give a table of the
Oriental genera :—
1 (4). Ligula bisetose or ending in a sharp
spine, last joint of palpi cylindrical,
gene embracing back of eye, mentum
toothed, joint 11 of antenne shorter
than 9+10.
2 (3). Ligula ending in a sharp spine; para-
glossze wide, with setose margins, ex-
tending far beyond ligula, but not en-
veloping it; genze forming a tooth and
extending outwardly beyond level of
eye*; mandibles with three or four
teeth ; both labrum and clypeus with-
out sete on upper surface............
5 (2). Ligula bisetose, completely enveloped by
the paraglosse, which are glabrous;
genze not extending outwardly beyond
eye-level; mandibles with one or two
teeth; front margin of labrum pluri-
setose (8-setose in JI. castaneus, Schm,
Goeb., and 12-setose in J. dentatus m.)
4 (1). Ligula quadrisetose, paraglossze wanting
(or at all events indistinguishable), last
joint of labial palpi acuminate, gene
not embracing back of eye, joint 11 of
antennee equal to or longer than 9+-10.
5 (6). Mentum with an obtuse tooth; front
margin of labrum plurisetose but not
denticulate (8-setose in D. bioculata m.
and 6-setose in D. parallela m.); joint
Mot antennze—9--110) easeae ce
6 (5). Mentum edentate; front margin of labrum
plurisetose and denticulate (8-setose
in LE. plagiata, Schm. Goeb., L. japonica,
Bates}, and £. matanga m., 10-setose
in £, bryanti m.) ; joint 11 of antenne
epee OMe Serine siitt is oielslei< nin tee ee .
Itamus dentatus, sp. n.
PsEUDOZENA, Cast.
Itamus, Schm. Goeb.
DHANYA, gen. nov.
Evstra, Schm. Goeb,
Length 15°0-17°5 mm.; width 40-5°0 mm. (The further
measurements given are those of the larger specimen, which
is the type.)
* Of P. spissicornis, Fairm., of which I have not seen an example, its
author says “tuberculo pone-oculari nullo.” Mr, Lesne (Mission Pavie,
1904, 62, t. 8. f. 13) says that the species belongs to another genus.
+ In Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. 1918 (published 2.11914), p. 418, Com-
mandant Dupuis says that in LZ, japonica, Bates, joint 11 of the antenne
=9+10. Lhave numerous cotypes before me and find that 11=8+9+10
as in the other species of this genus.
296 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.
Pitch-black above, dark red beneath; tibize and tarsi nearly
black.
Head large (3°75 mm. wide), flat, uneven, sides of front
depressed, leaving a raised area in middle, a few setiferous
pores on vertex and sides; front margin of labrum 12-setose,
including a large setiferous pore on each side, just behind
the rounded angles; clypeus transverse, with well-marked
suture, finely and remotely punctate, slightly emarginate in
frout, a seta at each side.
Prothorax transverse (4°0 x 3°5 mm.), moderately convex
on disk, margins explanate and reflexed behind, with half-a-
dozen setiferous pores ; apex widely but faintly emarginate,
much wider than base, which is truneate; sides almost
parallel in front, rather strongly contracted about middle
and sinuate before base ; front angles sharp, slightly acute,
porrect, hind angles right, but sharp, projecting a little
laterally, median line short, bounded by transverse impres-
sions, which are well marked ; surface shiny on disk, with
a few coarse setiferous punctures, margins rougher, longi-
tudinally striate in front, coarsely and irregularly trans-
versely striate along base.
Klytra elongate, parallel, not quite three times as long as
prothorax, shoulders carinate but not dentate, a recurved
outwardly channelled tooth at a fourth from apex; striz
deep, coarsely shagreened and vaguely punctate, intervals
smooth, odd ones seriately punctate, an uninterrupted row
of umbilicate pores along margin.
Underside sparsely punctate and pubescent, more evidently
on ventral surface; front femora with a strong tooth.
Much larger and darker than J. castaneus, surface rougher,
front margin of labrum 12-setose, instead of 8-setose, front
femora with a strong tooth (in Z. castaneus the front femora
have a short fine carina on the middle of the underside,
which occasionally develops into a moderate tooth).
Tonkin: Hoabinh, 2 ex. (R. Vitalis de Salvaza). The
type is in the British Museum.
DHANYA, gen, nov.
Ligula short, truncate at apex, quadrisetose, paraglossz
wanting.
Mentum with a broad rounded tooth in the emargination,
much shorter than side lobes, which are outwardly rounded
and obtuse at apex.
Palpi sparsely setose, acuminate at apex; in the maxil-
lavies 4 is half as long again as 2, which is strongly dilated
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 297
outwardly, 3 very short ; labials with penultimate plurisetose
on inner margin.
Maxillz slender, hooked at tip, inner margin ciliate.
Eyes moderately prominent, not embraced behind by gene.
Labrum elongate, truncate, plurisetose, and without
denticulations along front margin.
Antenne clavate, pubescent, but only densely so from
(and including) joint 5; joints strongly transverse towards
extremity, joint 11=9+10.
Sides of prothorax not much contracted behind, margins
more or less crenulate, without denticulations.
Elytra elongate, parallel, an incision aud recurved tooth at
external angle of apical truncature.
Tarsal joints short ; in hind legs 1=2+8+4=5; claws
simple; underside of front tarsi Pepa ed but I cannot dis-
tinguish the sexes.
The type of the genus is D). bioculata m.
The name is derived from a Kanarese word meaning “a
grain of corn.”
Dhanya bioculata, sp. u.
Length 4:0 mm. ; width 1°6 mm.
Dark testaceous ; head, prothorax, and suture of elytra dull
red, antennze (except joint 1) fuscous; each elytron with a
roundish spot just before middle, not quite reaching margin
or suture, and apex black.
Head elongate, smooth, shiny, moderately convex; frontal
foveve large, fairly deep and rugose, a small curved impression
behind clypeal suture ; sides longitudinally striate, bounded
outwardly by a ridge; eyes small, antenne reaching a little
beyond base of prothorax; ligula hidden behind base of labial
palpi, labrum 8-setose along front margin.
Prothorax transverse, moderately convex, shiny, rather
wider than head, equally contracted at extremities, widest at
middle, truncate at base, widely though slightly emarginate
at apex ; sides with a fine reflexed border, very faintly cre-
nulate foaards base, gently rounded in front, with a wide
though slight sinuation before base, some * setiferous pores
along sides and sides of front margin; both front and hind
angles about right, projecting a litéle laterally, median line
well marked, reaching base but not apex, a depressed and
finely granulate area near hind angles ; surface glabrous on
disk, sparsely pubescent near margin, finely striate along
base.
EKlytra convex, parallel, rather compressed at sides, half
as wide again as prothorax and three times as long, shoulders
298 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Ortental Carabide.
square ; surface shiny, the strize vaguely indicated by rows
of faint punctures, glabrous on disk, but with several seti-
ferous pores on intervals 3 and 5, shortly pubescent at sides
and apex, where the surface is finely granulate, a row of
umbilicate setiferous pores along margin.
Underside finely granulate, nearly smooth along median
line, sparsely punctate and pubescent, more obviously so on
last ventral segment.
S.E. Borneo: Martapura, 1891 (Doherty), 2 ex. British
Museum.
Dhanya parallela, sp. n.
Length 4-0 mm. ; width 1°5 mm.
Testaceous; head, prothorax, and antenne red; elytra
with an ill-defined blackish area, covering the middle third
of each elytron, wider outwardly, but not quite reaching
either margin or suture ; ventral surface fuscous.
Head convex (0°75 mm. wide), smooth, moderately shiny,
a curved depressed line on middle of front, bicarinate at
sides; labrum 6-setose; mandibles and maxille both very
sharp at apex; ligula short, but not concealed, slightly
emarginate at apex. [Iam unable to determine the number
of sete on the penultimate joint of the labial palpi.
Prothorax a little transverse (1 mm. wide), disk convex ;
side margins explanate, widely so behind, base truncate,
hardly wider than apex, which is emarginate; sides forming
an obtuse angle at two-fifths from apex, margin obviously
crenulate, almost straight from front to side angle, and from
side to hind angle; several sete justinside border; froutangles
sharp, strongly porrect, hind angles right, reflexed, transverse
impressions and median line well marked; surface mode-
rately shiny, almost smooth, a little rough near base, with a
few irregularly disposed, long, erect setz.
Hlytra more than three times as long as _prothorax,
elongate, parallel ; shoulders very square, a re-entrant angle
at suture; disk flat, depressed at a third from base, sides
compressed rather behind middle ; striate-punctate, but the
strive, though fairly regular, are not well defined ; intervals
smooth, rather shiny, 3 and 5 with a row of erect sete.
Underside sparsely punctate and pubescent, more obviously
on ventral surface; front femora with a blunt tooth.
The species differs in many points from D. bioculata m. ;
the ligula is a little longer, maxilla more acute, labrum
6-setose ; front angles of thorax more acute, sides angular,
striz of elytra more clearly defined, especially at base, disk
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 299
flat and depressed near base, dark spot less clearly defined,
front femora dentate.
W. Sarawak, Mount Matang, 2000’, 23.1.14 (G@. . Bryant),
1 ex. in my collection,
Kustra.
1 (2). Size 6 mm., labrum 10-setose, front
margin of prothorax deeply exca-
WA bes 5, ttafeievere 00k «0 ons - ORO SGAne E. bryanti m.
2 (1). Size 2°5-3:'0 mm., labrum 8-setose,front
of prothorax emarginate.
3 (4). Side border of prothorax without den-
ticulations, front angles very sharp
AMUSACULCS . Head and thorax white ; abdomen white tinged with fulvous
Db
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 315
brown leaving whiter segmental lines ; antenne tinged with fulvous
brown; palpi with the 2nd joint dark brown above to near
extremity ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white.
Fore wing white suffused with fulvous brown leaving the base, the
costa to beyond middle, the apical part of terminal area and a spot
below end of cell white; a faint oblique antemedial shade ; traces
of a dark discoidal annulus; a faint dark subterminal shade from
costa to vein 3 with slight dark streaks on it at the veins, inter-
rupted by a white streak in discal fold; black points on termen
from apex to vein 3, rather wedge-shaped towards apex. Hind
wing white; the termen with black points to vein 3 then a fine
line to near tornus; cilia tinged with fulvous at base. Underside
of fore wing tinged with fulvous brown except on inner area.
Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 2 type. Exp.
20 mm.
(6) Obtusipalpis albidalis, sp. n.
3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white slightly tinged in parts
with fulvous brown; palpi, with the 2nd joint black above ;
pectus, Jegs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore tibia
and tarsi banded with blackish. Fore wing white slightly tinged
with fulvous ; a faint dark discoidal bar and oblique diffused post-
medial line from vein 4 to inner margin ; a terminal series of black
points to vein 4, then a fine line; cilia more strongly tinged with
fulvous. Hind wing white; a terminal series of black points to.
vein 4, then a fine line to near tornus. Underside white faintly
tinged with fulvous.
Hab. Sterra LEONE (Clements), 3 3 ; Gotp Coast, Kumasi
(Whiteside), 1 9 type. Exp. 18-20 mm.
(7) Brihaspa tinctalis, sp. n.
Donacaula cutorodes, Turner, Ann. Queensl. Mus. 1911, p. 118, non descr:
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the sides of head, tegulz,.
and patagia tinged with fulvous brown, the abdomen with some
fulvous on dorsum near base ; palpi at sides and fore legs in front
fulvous brown. Fore wing white tinged with fulvous brown.
leaving slight white streaks on the veins, the inner and terminal
areas whiter; a double very slightly sinuous fulvous brown sub-
terminal line, arising from apex, oblique to vein 2, then bent
inwards to inner margin before middle; a black terminal line ;
cilia with a slight fulvous brown line near tips. Hind wing white
with a very slight fulvous brown tinge. Underside of fore wing
and costa of hind wing slightly tinged with fulvous brown.
Hab. QuEENSLAND, Kuranda (Dodd), 19 type. Hap. 20 mm.
(3a) Patissa fulvipunctalis, sp. n.
Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ;:
a slight orange-fulvous discoidal spot and a subterminal spot on:
316 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
vein 6 with a point above it on vein 7. Hind wing and underside
white.
Hab. Ueanna, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1 9 type. Hap.
16 mm.
(36) Patissa stenopteralis, sp. n.
3. Pure white. Fore wing very long and narrow; a pale
cupreous brown point below costa near base and patch below the
eell; a straight erect antemedial band; a discocellular spot con-
joined to ‘the postmedial band which is bent inwards to lower angle
of cell; a subterminal highly dentate line ; a fine marginal line.
Hab. QuEENnstand, Innisfail, type td in Coll. Rothschild.
Hap. 16 mm.
(5a) Patissa rubrilinealis, sp. n.
2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ;
a slightly inwardly oblique scarlet medial line from just below costa
to inner margin ; an oblique scarlet subterminal striga from below
costa to vein 7 with a point below it on vein 6. Hind wing and
underside silvery white.
Hab, Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 2 type. up.
12 mm.
(5 6) Patissa atritinealis, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ;
an inwardly oblique cupreous black-brown line from upper angle of
cell to inner margin; an oblique slightly sinuous cupreous black-
brown line from apex to discal fold ; a terminal series of cupreous
black-brown points. Hind wing and underside silvery white.
Hab. Br. E. Arrica (Hinde), 1 2 type. Harp. 18 mm.
(5d) Patissa rufitinctalis, sp. n.
¢. Head and thorax white suffused with pale rufous ; abdomen
white ; palpi blackish ; pectus and legs suffused with pale rufous.
Fore wing white suffused with pale rufous leaving some white in
and below end of cell and the terminal area white except at costa ;
a minute black point at upper angle of cell and small spot at lower
angle. Hind wing white; a pale rufous subterminal spot below
vein 2 and a spot at tornus. Underside white.
2. Hind wing with the inner area suffused with pale rufous and
without the spots below vein 2 and at tornus.
Hab. Strrra Leone (Clements),1 36,12 type. Hap. 20mm.
(5 f) Patissa geminalis, sp. n.
3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pure white, the sides of frons,
palpi, pectus, fore and mid legs suffused with fuscous. Fore wing
silvery white with prominent black points at upper and lower
Pyralide of the Subfamily Siginz. ou
angles of cell. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing
with the costal area tinged with fuscous.
2. Without any fuscous except on inner side of fore legs.
Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Mukuniu (Betton), 1 2, Samburu
(Betton), 12; Ueanna, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1d ; “GERM.
E. Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 1 9 ; Br. E. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje
(Neave), 6 5, 6 2 type; MasHonaranp, Salisbury (Marshall),
Le Sino Pe Exp. 20-30 mm.
(5h) Patissa monostidzalis, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white; antenne blackish except
above; palpi blackish; pectus and legs tinged with cupreous
brown. Fore wing silvery white; a minute black spot at lower
angle of cell. Hind oe and underside silvery white.
Hab. 8. Niaerta, Lagos (Dudgeon), 1 3 ; N. Niaerta, Minna
(Macfie), 13,19 type. Exp. 20 mm.
(66) Patissa ochreipalpalis, sp. n.
é. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white; palpi ochreous
yellow ; fore tibize fuscous. Fore and hind wings “attics silvery
white. Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Comoro Is., Mayotta (Meade-Waldo), 2 3 type. Eup.
14 mm.
(6c) Patissa fulvicepsalis, sp. n.
3. Head orange-fulvous; antenne white, brown at. sides;
thorax and abdomen silvery white; fore legs tinged with brown.
Fore and hind wings uniform silvery white. Underside of fore
wing tinged with brown except on terminal area.
Ab. 1. Tegule and legs tinged with orange-fulvous.
Hab. W. Arrica (Dudgeon), 36; N. Nicerta, Minna
(Macfie), 4 3 type; Uaanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 2 ¢ ;
Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 4.6. Hxp. 16-22 mm.
(7c) Patissa atricostalis, sp. n.
3. Pure white; palpi at sides and shoulders black-brown ;
antenne blackish. Fore wing with the costa blackish, tapering to
before apex.
Hab. QUEENSLAND, Cedar Bay, Cooktown (Meek); W, Auvs-
TRALIA, Sherlock R. (Clements), 1 3, 3 Y type, Roebourne, 1 ¢.
Exp. 18-22 mm,
(7d) Patissa ochroalis, sp. n.
3d. Head reddish brown ; thorax and abdomen ochreous yellow ;
pectus, legs, and ventral eae of abdomen ochreous white, the
fore legs tinged with brown. Wings ochreous yellow, the costa of
fore wing red-brown.
318 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
Q@. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white, the sides of
head and palpi fulvous yellow; fore wing ochreous yellow, the
costa narrowly red-brown towards base; hind wing and underside
ochreous white. a
Hab. Surinam, Rio Derg, 1 ¢ type; Braziz, Amazons, Ourem
(Schulz), 12. Eap., 5 22, 2 14mm.
(8a) Patissa fractilinealis, sp. n.
Head and.thorax white more or less irrorated with chocolate-
brown ; abdomen white ; palpi and fore legs more strongly tinged
with chocolate-brown. Fore wing white irrorated with chocolate-
brown ; the costal edge more or less strongly chocolate-brown on
basal half ; a minute chocolate-brown spot at upper angle of cell ;
an oblique chocolate-brown line from costa just before apex to inner
margin beyond middle, obsolescent towards apex, below vein 2
reduced to a small spot on vein 1, or reduced to points on the veins
throughout; a fine chocolate-brown terminal line. Hind wing
white irrorated with a few chocolate-brown scales on terminal half ;
a fine chocolate-brown terminal line. Underside white irrorated
with chocolate-brown scales; fore wing with oblique chocolate-
brown line from costa before apex to vein 2; hind wing with
oblique punctiform chocolate-brown line from costa before apex
to submedian fold.
Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Crawshay, Anderson), 2 2 ;
Ueanpa, Katesa (Betton), 1 d type, Ketoma (Doggett), 1 3.
Exp. 22 mm.
(La) Styphlolepis leucosticta, sp. n.
Head and thorax cupreous rufous; palpi white below to near
extremity of 2nd joint; abdomen cupreous rufous, the base, sides,
and anal tuft whitish ; pectus and legs white tinged with cupreous
rufous; ventral surface of abdomen with white segmental lines.
Fore wing cupreous rufous irrorated with a few dark brown scales,
the costa towards base and terminal area rather browner ; a small
subbasal silvery white spot defined by darker brown above vein 1;
an indistinct slightly sinuous brown medial line, oblique below the
cell; an indistinct brown postmedial line, slightly excurved below
costa, then oblique; cilia dark brown with a fine whitish line at
base, the tips white at submedian fold. Hind wing white, the
apical area pale cupreous brown, broadly at costa, narrowing to a
point at termen at vein 3, a slight waved brown subterminal line
from costa to vein 4; cilia with a rufous line near base to sub-
median fold, rufous at tips towards apex. Underside of fore wing
with the cell and areas just beyond its upper and lower extremities
dotted with white scales.
Antenne with uniseriate laminate branches; fore wing with
veins 6, 7 hardly stalked.
Hab. W. Avsrrata, Sherlock R. (Clements), 1 3 type. Exp.
50 mm.
Pyralide of the Subfamily Siginze. 319:
Genus ScIRPOPHAGA, insert
Topeutis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 366 (1827), type prelata, which has priority.
(86) TLopeutis rhodoproctalis, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the anal tuft rose-
pink ; antennz blackish at sides ; fore tibiz on outer side, the fore
and mid tarsi and the hind tarsi except basal joint fuscous. Wings
silvery white, the fore wing with small black spot at lower angle
of cell.
Hab. Stncarore (Ridley), 1 2 type. Exp. 36 mm.
(8d) Topeutis flavidorsalis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax white suffused with ochreous yellow ;
abdomen white, the two basal segments dorsally suffused with
fulvous yellow. Fore and mid legs ochreous brown, the hind legs
ochreous white. Fore wing chalky white, the basal area suffused
with ochreous yellow, the costal edge brownish to middle; a round
black spot at lower angle of cell. Hind wing silvery white, the
costal area, the cell and area beyond it, and the submedian fold
suffused with brown. Underside of fore wing suffused with reddish
brown except on terminal area. Hind wing with the costal area
to beyond middle and the area just beyond the cell tinged with
reddish brown.
Hab. Buutin (Dudgeon), 1 3 type. Exp. 30 mm.
(8d) Topeutis brunnealis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax ochreous brown; abdomen white tinged
with brown ; palpi fuscous brown to near " extremity of 2nd joint,
the tips white tinged with ochreous; fore and mid legs fuscous
brown, the hind legs white tinged with brown. Fore wing ochreous
brown ; an oblique black bar at lower angle of cell. Hind wing
white tinged with ochreous brown. Underside of fore wing
fulvous brown ; hind wing white tinged with fulvous brown, the
inner area whiter.
Hab. Burma, Up. Chindwisi Distr., 1 ¢ type. Hap. 30 mm.
(18 a) Topeutis termipunctalis, sp. n.
Q. Head and thorax pale pink, the head with some white ;
abdomen white with fulvous yellow dorsal patch on 2nd and 38rd
segments ; pectus white ; legs white tinged with pink. Fore wing
pale pink irrorated with a few dark brown scales; a slight dark
brown spot at lower angle of cell ; a terminal series of black points ;
cilia white mixed with dark brown. Hind wing silvery white.
Underside of fore wing white tinged with pink.
Hab. Br. C, Arrica, Mt. Mlanje, Luchenya R. (Weave),
1 9 type. Hap. 16 mm.
320 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
(18¢) TLopeutis irrorata, sp. n.
Head and thorax ochreous tinged with red-brown; abdomen
ochreous white, dorsally suffused with fulvous yellow towards base ;
autenne brownish ; palpi dark brown above, whitish below ; pectus
and legs ochreous white, the fore legs tinged with brown. Fore
wing ochreous tinged with red-brown and irrorated with dark brown,
the costal edge brown ; an indistinct brownish discoidal bar; an
oblique rather diffused brownish subterminal line; the termen
rather more strongly tinged with brown. Hind wing silvery white
with subterminal series of slight reddish brown points to vein 2
and terminal series of more distinct points. Underside of fore
wing tinged with red-brown, a slight brownish subterminal line
with diffused white beyond it; hind wing tinged with red-brown
except on inner area, a slight brownish postmedial line to vein 2.
Hab. Braztt, Castro ParahMa (D. Jones), 25, 19 type.
Exp. 12-16 mm.
(la) Schenobius pyraustalis, sp. n.
do. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with rufous ; abdomen
white dorsally tinged with rufous ; fore and mid legs pale rufous.
Fore wing yellowish suffused with rufous, the costal area suffused
with dark red-brown to end of cell; small antemedial and medial
black spots on median nervure and vein 1; a diffused oblique
rather maculate blackish bar from upper angle of cell to vein 3
beyond the cell; a diffused maculate blackish subterminal band
from costa to below vein 8. Hind wing glossy white, faintly
tinged with brown except towards base. Underside of fore wing
and the costal area of hind wing and the terminal area except
towards tornus suffused with rufous, the costal area of fore wing
suffused with dark brown to beyond end of cell.
Hab. Argentina, Goya Corrientes (Perrens), 2 3 type.
Exp. 22 mm.
(3a) Schenobius rufalis, sp. n.
®. Head and thorax rufous suffused with red-brown ; abdomen
ochreous white, dorsally tinged with rufous towards base ; antennw
brown ; pectus and hind legs ochreous white; fore and mid legs
ochreous suffused with rufous, the tarsi brown with slight pale
rings. Fore wing ochreous suffused with rufous and irrorated
with dark red-brown; a black point at lower angle of cell; a
terminal series of slight black points; cilia white tinged with
rufous. Hind wing silvery white with a tinge of buff; a terminal
series of black points to vein 2. Underside of fore wing ochreous
suffused with red-brown, the costa whiter to beyond middle ; hind
wing brownish white, the costal half suffused with red-brown to
beyond the cell.
Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Alubas (Betton), 19; Ucanpna
(Doggett), 2 Q type. Hap. 40-44 mm.
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigiuse. 321
(8b) Schenobius ignitalis, sp. n.
do. Head and thorax rufous mixed with dark brown; abdomen
silky whitish, dorsally tinged with rufous towards hase: pectus,
legs, and Ste surface of. abdomen whitish, suffused with rufous.
Fore wing fiery rufous, the costal half suffused with dark brown ;
a small black spot at lower angle of cell and smaller spot at upper
angle; antemedial and medial points in submedian fold; a
maculate black line from apex to submedian fold below end of cell :
a terminal series of strong black points. Hind wing silky white
with a slight brownish tinge ; a terminal series of black points to
‘vein 2; cilia ochreous. Wuderside of fore wing ochreous tinged
with brown, the oblique line from apex indistinet and diffused ;
hind wing ochreous white, an indistinct diffused oblique aeney
line from. apex to vein 2.
@. Fore wing without the black spot from upper angle of cell,
the oblique line from apex indistinct and diffused.
Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 ¢,1 92 type; Narat,
Durban (Queckett, Marley, Leigh, Clark), 72. Exp. & 82,
2 38444 mm.
(7b) Schenobius attenuata, sp. n.
3. Very slender; fore wing very longand narrow. White; head,
thorax, abdomen, and fore wing tinged with ochreous. Fore wing
irrorated with By ge dark ae scales ; ; a fine dark terminal nel
Hind wing nearly, pure white.
Hab. Naat, Kimbolton (Hutchinson), 2 d type.” Exp. 16 mm.
(7c) Schenobius micralis, sp. n.
3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous
brown ; antenne fuscous; palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen white, the palpi and legs tinged with fuscous. Fore
wing white suffused with brownish ochreous. Hind wing white
with a slight ochreous tinge. Underside white suffused with
brownish ochreous.
Hab. C. Cutna, Fokien, Ting-hai (de la Garde), 2 3 type.
Exp. 16 mm.
(lla) Schenobius semifuscalis, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax fuscous brown with a slight cupreous tinge,
the vertex of head with some whitish ; abdomen white tinged with
rufous ; fore and mid legs red-brown, the hind legs whitish. Fore
wing glossy fuscous brown tinged with rufous especially on inner
half ; a small black spot at lower angle of cell; a terminal series of
black points; cilia with some whitish mixed and a punctiform
blackish line at middle. Hind wing glossy white with a slight red-
brown tinge, the terminal area more strongly suffused with reddish
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 24
322 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
brown to submedian fold; a terminal series of black points.
Underside of fore wing pale reddish brown ; hind wing white, the
costal area and terminal area to submedian fold suffused with red-
brown ; both wings with terminal series of black points to vein 2.
Hab. ARGENTINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 3 type.
Exp. 24 mm.
(116) Schenobius pulverealis, sp. n.
3. Head white tinged with pale red-brown; palpi pale red-
brown, white below towards base ; thorax pale red-brown ; abdomen
white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd and 8rd segments with dorsal
fulvous yellow patch ; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown.
Fore wing grey-white tinged with brown and irrorated with fuscous,
the costal half to submedian fold and to the oblique line from apex
browner ; ‘a small black spot at lower angle of cell and usually a
point at upper angle ; blackish ante- and postmedial points in sub-
median fold and an oblique blackish line from apex to discal fold ;
a terminal series of prominent black points. Hind wing white
tinged with reddish brown especially on costal half; a terminal
series of black points to vein 2. Underside pale red-brown, the
inner area of hind wing white.
@. Fore wing redder brown, the spot at lower angle of cell
reduced to a point, the points and oblique line from apex obsolete.
Hab. Paraauay, Sapucay (Foster), 1d ; ArGENTINA, Santa Fé,
Ocampo (Wagner), 235, 19 type, Gran Chaco, Florenzia
(Wagner),1 9 ; Hab.ign,19. Exp., g 22-24, 9 40-44 mm.
(14a) Schenobius fulvitinctalis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax pale fulvous brown; abdomen white
slightly tinged with fulvous brown except at base; pectus and legs
white tinged with fulvous brown. Fore wing pale fulvous brown ;
a diffused brown streak in and beyond end of cell; slight diffused
fuscous spots at angles of cell and an oblique series of slight rather
diffused blackish spots from apex to vein 4; a terminal series of
black points. Hind wing silvery white with a faint brownish tinge.
Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with
fulvous brown.
Hab. Puturprines, Ticao I. (McGregor), 1 2 type. up.
30 mm,
(146) Schaenobius pheopastalis, sp. n,
3. Head and thorax brown with a slight cupreous tinge;
abdomen whitish tinged with brown; pectus and legs whitish
suffused with reddish brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with
reddish brown and irrorated with fuscous brown ; a slight blackish
spot at lower angle of cell and point at upper angle; an oblique
blackish shade from apex to just beyond lower angle of cell; a
terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish tinged with
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 323
brown ; a faint oblique dark shade from apex to beyond lower angle
of cell; a terminal series of slight blackish points to vein 2.
Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused
with reddish brown, the rest of hind wing brownish white.
Hab. Transvaal, Pretoria (Distant), 1d type. Exp. 30 mm.
(196) Schenobius ochritinctalis, sp. n. ~
3. Head and thorax white, the antenne fuscous except above,
the palpi reddish brown; abdomen white dorsally tinged with
fulvous yellow, the 1st segment at extremity and the 2nd and 8rd
segments deeper fulvous yellow; legs tinged with brown. Fore
wing white, tinged with ochreous especially on basal area and
costal area to end of cell, the costal edge fuscous towards base.
Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and the costal
area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown.
fab. Sierra Leone (Clements), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mm.
(2) Donacaula pulverea, sp. n.
White ; head, thorax, and fore wing thickly irrorated with
fuscous ; abdomen less strongly irrorated and dorsally yellowish
towards base. Fore wing with black point at lower angle of cell ;
a curved fuscous line from apex to middle of inner margin, with
less irroration on each side of it towards inner margin; a terminal
series of black points. Hind wing with traces of a line from apex
to tornus formed by slight fuscous irroration ; a terminal series of
black points.
Hab. Natat, Weenen, types in Coll. Rothschild and B.M.
Exp., 5 24, 9 26 mm.
(46) Cirrhochrista annulifera, sp. un.
Pure white; palpi red at sides; antenne reddish; thorax and
abdomen with dorsal series of red-brown marks. Fore wing with
the costa fulvous irrorated with dark brown and emitting a sub-
basal speck and antemedial and medial triangular marks; an
antemedial line arising from the 1st triangular mark, very oblique
to vein 1 where it is angled; a large annulus between the
2nd triangular mark and tornus; a postmedial annular fulvous
mark on costa emitting a line across apical area to termen,
obtusely angled inwards on vein 6; a terminal line with points
running inwards on the veins and expanding into an annulus at
tornus. Hind wing with terminal fulvous and dark brown line
joined at vein 2 by a short oblique line from vein 5.
Hab. D’EntreEcAsTEAux Is., Fergusson I., Goodenough I.
(Meek), 1 3 type. Exp. 20 mm.
24*
324 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
(5b) Cirrhochrista convoluta, sp. n.
@. Pure white; palpi, sides of frons, antenne, shoulders, and
bands on fore legs rufous; abdomen with dorsal rufous stripe
emitting oblique lateral lines. Fore wing with yellow and brown
costal fascia ; a short subbasal line ; an oblique antemedial line ex-
panding and enclosing a pale spot on costa; a pale yellow discoidal
line conjoined to the costal fascia and defined by a strong brown line -
giving rise to fine lines enclosing a rounded space above submedian
fold where they touch then an elliptical space above inner margin,
the inner line being strongly dentate outwards above the margin ;
a line across apical area dilated and enclosing pale yellow spots on
costa and termen at vein 4, strongly dentate inwards on veins
5 and 6; a terminal crenulate line and a line through the cilia.
Hind wing with crenulate terminal line from vein 6 to submedian
fold emitting an oblique striga at vein 3 and with a line through
the cilia beyond it.
Hab. Gourd Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 9 ; S. NigErta,
Sapele (Sampson), 1 2 type, Lesha (Humfrey), 1 2 ; Navan,
Durban (Gooch), 2 9. Huxp, 24-30 mm.
(5¢) Cirrhochrista wanthographis, sp. n.
2. Pure white; palpi, antennez, shoulders, and bands on fore
legs yellow; abdomen with dorsal yellow band on 38rd segment
followed by a series of spots. Fore wing with yellow costal fascia ;
a yellow antemedial line defined by done scales, oblique from eoged
to submedian fold where it is acutely angled; a yellow discoidal
spot defined by brown lines; a waved postmedial band incurved
below costa, excurved between veins 5 and 8, then bent inwards to
below end of cell; a crenulate terminal line. Hind wing with
waved yen eabbeerminel band irrorated with dark scales between
veins 6 and 2; a crenulate terminal line.
Hab. D’Enrrecasteavx Is., Fergusson I, (Meek), 1 9 type.
Exp. 28 mm. °
(5e) Cirrhochrista diploschalis, sp. n.
3S. Head and thorax white, the dorsum of thorax tinged with
rufous, the antennze brownish at sides, the palpi, sides of head, and
shoulders yellow and dark brown ; abdomen white, dorsally suffused
with red-brown except at base and with slight blackish bands
towards extremity ; fore tibie and tarsi tinged with rufous and
banded with black. Fore wing silvery white ; the costa suffused
with orange-yellow with a streak of silver y and dark brown scales on
it on basal area ; ; a narrow oblique orange-yellow antemedial band,
defined on outer side by dark brown scales and dilated towards
costa; rather diffused dark red-brown medial and postmedial lines
with some silvery scales on them towards costa, the former oblique,
the latter incurved, anastomosing with the former at middle and
ending at tornus, their forks towards costa and inner margin filled
Pyralidze of the Subfamily Sigine. 325
in with orange-yellow ; a curved dark red-brown subterminal line
from costa to the postmedial line at vein 1, the area beyond it
suffused with orange-yellow and with a silvery and brown streak
beyond it below costa; a narrow red-brown terminal band with a
series of minute silvery spots on it; cilia orange-yellow with some
brown scales before tips which are whitish. Hind wing silvery
white, the termen and cilia tinged with yellow. Underside white,
the costa of fore wing tinged with yellow-brown.
Hab. D’EnrrecastEaux Is., Fergusson I. (Meek), 2 3 type.
Exp. 26 mm.
(5 f) Cirrhochrista bifurcalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax white; antenne slightly tinged with rufous ;
palpi black-brown glossed with silver, white below towards base ;
abdomen white, dorsally suffused with dark brown on medial seg-
ments, the penultimate segment with yellow band with black points
at sides, the anal tuft with yellow spot and black point; fore tibiz
and tarsi banded with orange and black. Fore wing white, the
costa orange ; a dark brown and silvery streak just below costa to
middle ; a narrow oblique orange antemedial band with an incurved
silvery and dark brown line on it; red-brown medial and post-
medial lines with small silvery spots on them, the former excurved,
the latter incurved and anastomosing with the former at middle,
ending on termen above tornus, its fork towards costa filled in with
orange and with an orange mark on it below vein 3; an oblique
slightly sinuous red-brown line with black and silvery points on it
at the veins from costa before apex to termen below vein 4, a brown
and silvery streak beyond it below costa; a narrow silvery and
brown terminal band with some black points before it towards apex.
Hind wing silvery white. Underside white; fore wing with
oblique series of dark points from costa beyond middle to vein 4
_ near termen and dark points on termen towards apex. :
Ab. 1. Abdomen with subdorsal dark brown and silvery spots on
medial segments and without the yellow mark and black points
on terminal segments. Formosa.
Ab. 2. Abdomen tinged with rufous except at base; fore wing
tinged with yellow-buff. Philippines to N. Guinea.
Ab. 3. Fore wing with the area below the cell suffused with
black-brown between the antemedial and medial lines.
Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei (Wileman), 4 2 ; Assam, Khasis,
ldtype; Purrrines, Mt. Makiling (Baker), 19; S. CeLEBEs
(Doherty), 1 3, Sangir I. (Doherty), 1 ¢ ; Dutcu N. Guinea,
Humbolt Bay (Doherty), 13. Hxp. 22-26 mm.
(59) Cirrhochrista primulina, sp. n.
2. Head and thorax white; antenne tinged with red-brown ;
frons black at sides ; palpi tinged with red-brown and with blackish
326 On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine.
mixed ; abdomen white, tinged with red-brown except at base ; fore
tibize and tarsi banded with rufous and black-brown. Fore wing
white suffused with yellow-buff ; the costa deeper yellow to middle
with a dark red-brown and silvery streak below it; a narrow
oblique red-brown and silvery antemedial band ; medial and _post-
medial red-brown and silvery lines, the former excurved, the latter
incurved, anastomosing with the former at middle and ending at
submedian fold near termen, enclosing a spot of the ground-colour
at vein 2; a curved red-brown subterminal line from costa to the
extremity of the postmedial line at submedian fold, crossed by a
silvery streak below costa extending to termen; a narrow silvery
terminal band edged with dark red-brown; cilia orange-yellow.
Hind wing silvery white. Underside white ; fore wing with curved
subterminal series of brown points from costa to vein 4.
Hab. Br. N. Gutnea, Kumusi R. (Meek), 1 2 type.
Exp.
26 mm.
(5h) Cirrhochrista aurantialis, sp. n.
3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow; palpi black at base
and tips; abdomen banded with black. Fore wing orange-yellow
with silver markings on fuscous; the base of costa streaked with
silver and fuscous ; anantemedial line angled inwards below the cell ;
an excurved medial line more or less angled at lower end of cell
and approaching the Ist line at costa and inner margin, at lower
angle of cell it is quite or almost conjoined toa large somewhat
irregular U-shaped mark from costa beyond middle ; bright silver
and fuscous lines on apical part of costa and outer margin. Hind
wing white becoming yellowish towards outer margin.
Ab. 1. Fore wing with the area between the antemedial and
medial lines filled in with fuscous black.
Hab. Ampoyna (Doherty), 2 3 type. Exp. 26 mm.
(8) Loxostegopsis pheopasta, sp. n.
2. Head and thorax white tinged with fuscous brown ; abdomen
white, pectus and legs white, the tarsi slightly tinged with brown
towards extremities. Fore wing white strongly irrorated with
dark brown; a slight dark brown postmedial line, excurved to
discal fold, then oblique to inner margin beyond middle; a fine
dark brown terminal line. Hind wing white slightly irrorated
with brown except on inner area; a rather punctiform dark brown
terminal line to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing suffused
and irrorated with brown.
Hab. U.S.A., Arizona, Phoenix (Kunze), 1 9 type.
J5! vp :
14 mm,
On new Bryozoa from Esthonia. 327
XXXII.—New Bryozoa from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia.
By Henprik Bekker, Cand. Geol., University of Tartu
(Dorpat).
[Plate VII.]
INTRODUCTION.
In the summer of 1917, I made a collection of bryozoa in
the quarries of the villages Tiirpsalu and Kukruse or
Kuckers, 10 km. N.W. of Jewe Station. These quarries had
been taken in hand by the Russian Committee of Fuel
in Petrograd, for the purpose of determining the existence
and thickness of shale in the Kuckers stage of the Middle
Ordovician in Esthonia. I was unable to obtain the results
of their research, and because of war conditions could move
without restriction only in a very limited area.
During the winter of 1917, and in the first quarter of 1918,
I determined a part of the collection in the Geological
Institute of the University of Tartu (Dorpat or Jurjev).
For the more complete examination and study of my
collection, 1 had the opportunity of visiting London.
I am indebted to the officers of the Geological Department
of the British Museum for facilities in the library, for the
use of Dr. R. 8. Bassler’s bryozoa collection from Esthonia,
and the bryozoa material collected by Dr. F. A. Bather from
Hsthonia and the Swedish formations, especially those
of Ocland.
1 have also been permitted to work in the Library and
Museum of Practical Geology.
Finally, I must express my warmest thanks to Dr. F. A.
Bather, F.R.S., for his indispensable help in revising the
manuscript.
KUCKERS STAGE IN KUKRUSE AND TURPSALU.
In the vicinity of the villages Kukruse and Tiirpsalu,
3-6 km. from the shores of the Gulf of Finland, the Middle
Ordovician strata rise in a sloping terrace, varying in height
from 3 to 5 or 6 metres. On the slope of this ascent the
Kuckers stage (C, of F. Schmidt *) crops out. This stage is
a white or greyish-yellow limestone or marl, with intercalated
layers of bituminous shale.
* F, Schmidt, ‘‘On the Silurian and Cambrian Strata of the Baltic
Provinces ete.,” Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc. xxxviii. p. 514 (1882).
328 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa
In a quarry on the top of the ascent in the village Turpsalu
is the following section :—
Ground moraine and soil.
60 in.—Greyish limestone, marly in the lower part.
8 in.—Bituminous shale.
12 in.—Marly limestone.
16 in.—Bituminous shale.
20 in.—Compact greyish limestone, marly in the upper part.
The lowest limestone, of which only the upper 20 inches
are here observed, contains abundant remains of different
species of Orthoceratites, Brachiopoda, Cystoidea—among
these Echinospherites aurantium, Gyll.,—and other fossils.
The upper part of this limestone has thin interlayers of
yellow-brown shale.
On this limestone rests a shale layer, 16 in. thick, of
a rusty-brown or amber colour ; the shale bas absorbed a
_ certain amount of underground water, is soft, and can be
ground with the fingers. After drying the shale is lighter
in colour, with different shades of light or dark brown,
walnut, or amber—the lighter portions being those which
contain more calcareous remains of organisms. The hardness
of the shale depends on the amount of lime or clay-marl ;
the hardness of the lime-shale may be 1°5-2, whilst the clay-
shale is very soft (1). The dry shale can be split into irre-
gular slates with conchoidal fracture.
According to Paltshinski (“ Denj,” viii. 1917), the bitumi-
nous shale occurred from Zamburg (Russia) to Reval
(sthonia)—200 km.—over an area 50 km. wide. ‘he
total quantity of the bituminous shale may be 40 to 90
milliards of tons.
Then follows a thin bed (12 in.) of greyish or light yellow
marly limestone ; this limestone is interbedded with thin
layers of shale from a quarter to three-quarters of an
inch thick.
On this limestone again rests a bed of shale (8 in.), like
that already described.
Finally, above this shale bed is a greyish limestone (60 in.) ;
its lower part is marly or softer, with thin interlayers of
shale ; towards the top it is more compact and greyish white.
The surface of this limestone and the slopes of the terrace
are covered with a ground-moraine—boulder clay, or gravel
and sand,—varying in thickness from 2 or 3 in. to 80 in. and
more. The lower part of this ground-moraine is the “ rtihk,”
composed of limestone boulders.
from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 329
The whole thickness of the Kuckers stage, which may
vary from 30 to 50 feet, is not seen in the beds of the quarry
described above.
Below the terrace bituminous shale is found under peat
for a distance of 1 km. northwards, ‘The shale was to be
used in the summer 1917 for fuel in some factories in
Esthonia and Petrograd. In Kukruse and ‘Tiirpsalu-it was
worked from quarries and adits under the terrace-like ascent.
The marly bed and the limestone of the Kuckers stage
contain very fine crystals of mareasite, galena, groups of
calcite crystals, and copper glance.
The fauna of the Kuckers stage is very abundant: though
closely related to the Hchinospheerite limestone (C,), the
development of species and individuals is greater. In great
abundance are brachiopods, gasteropods, crinoids, cystideans,
orthoceratites, ostracods, and fragmentary remains of trilobites.
The characteristic fossil Phacops (Chasmops) ordini can often
be found in excellent preservation, as can also other fossils.
The various bryozoa exist in great abundance. Very. often
the shale-beds are crowded with bifoliate and other fine
bryozoa, whose white calcareous skeletons compose 30 to 40
per cent. of the shale in some parts.
New Bryozoa OF THE KUCKERS STAGE.
Pacuypicrya, Ulrich.
FE. O. Ulrich, 1882, Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 152.
E. O. Ulrich, 1890, “ Paleozoic Bryozoa,” Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. viii.
part 2.
R. S. Bassler, 1911, “ Early Paleoz. Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces,”
Bull. U.S. National Mus. Ixxvii. p. 187.
Pachydictya kuckersensis, sp. un. (Pl. VII. figs. 1-6.)
Div gnosis. Zoarium bifoliate, frequently branching. The
zocecial apertures circular, arranged in transverse, often
sinuous rows.
Locality and Horizon. Kukruse (Kuckers) and Tiirpsalu,
Esthonia. Middle Ordovician, stage O, of Prof. F. Schmidt.
Material. Holotype in my collection in the Geological
Museum of the University of Tartu (Dorpat). Paratypes, two
specimens of my collection in the British Museum, Geological
Dept., Regd. D. 29836-7.
Description. Zoavium dichotomously branching ;__ the
branches may be situated close to (L mm.) or at any distance
(21 mm. or more) from each other (figs. 1, 2, 3). The
%
330 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa
branches on my fragment are 2 mm. broad near the stem and
gradually get broader ; their normal width is 3 mm.; the
goarium is 1-1°5 mm. thick and elliptical in transverse
section.
Zocecia are situated on both sides of the zoarium, but not
on its margins. On the surface the shape of the zoccia is
circular, sometimes one end of the aperture is slightly
narrower ; the zocecial apertures have a distinct peristome.
Transverse to the axis of the zoarium, within 2 mm. are 5
zowcia. The transverse rows of zocecia, often sinuous, vary
in number from 4 to 6 within 2 mm. according to the size of
the interspaces. On the face of a zoarium 3 mm, wide ina
transverse row are 7-9 zocecia. The surface of the zoarium
between the zocecial apertures and on the margins is covered
with numerous minute granules (fig. 4.)
A tangential section (fig. 5) shows in the greyish calcite
mass lighter, hexagonally shaped figures, with circular or
oval transverse sections of zocecial tubes, a little smaller than
the zocecial apertures on the surface of the zoarium,
A transverse section (fig. 6) shows the zocecial tubes with
ihin, light-coloured, narrow walls; in the tubes are some
diaphragms ; the tubes are a little larger on the surface than
in the interior of the zoarium. In the middle of the same
section are two layers of median tubuli, as seen in transverse
section.
Comparison with other Species of Pachydictya in Esthonia *.
— P. elegans always has elliptical zooscial apertures, with less
distinct peristome ; between the longitudinal zocecial rows
are distinct ridges, and the ends of the elliptieal apertures are
also joined by ridges. P. flabellum differs from P. elegans
and P. kuckersensis by its oviform zocecial apertures, and
from the latter by its ridges on the surface of the zoarium.
P. cyclostomoides differs from all other species of Pachydietya
in its large zocecial apertures and in its granular ridges
between the zocecial rows. PP. crassa differs strikingly from
P. kuckersensis in the distinct straight ridges between the
zocecial rows and in the shape of its zocecial apertures,
Pachydictya crassa, Hall. (Pl. VII. figs. 7, 8.)
Stictopora crassa Hall, 1852, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. ii. p. 45,
pl. xviii. figs. 4 a—c.
Pachydictya crassa, Hall, Bassler, 1906, “ Bryozoan Fauna of the
Rochester Shale,” Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. cexcii. p. 57, pl. xviii.
fies. 11, 12, pl. xxi. figs. 14-16.
* See R. S. Bassler, 1911, “arly Paleoz. Bryozoa of the Baltic
Provinces,” Bull, U.S. National Mus. lxxvii.
from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 331
Diagnosis. Zoarium dichotomously branching with parallel
edges ; branches in cross-section elliptical, with narrow,
non-celluliferous, striated margins. Zocecial apertures ellip-
tical, in parallel longitudinal rows, separated by linear ridges,
without granules.
Locality and Horizon. Kukruse, Esthonia. Middle Ordo-
vician, stage C,; in the bituminous shale.
Material. Figured specimen (fig. 8) in the British Museum,
Geological Dept., Regd. D. 29832. Specimens in my
collection in the Geological Museum of the University
of Tartu (Dorpat).
Description. The fragmentary zoaria of my specimens
possess zocecia on both sides, branching dichotomously. The
branches are 2-2°5 mm. wide. The length of the figured
zoarlal fragment (fig. 7) is 22 mm.
The zocecial apertures are elliptical, a very few are slightly
pointed. The apertures have a thin-walled peristome. Longi-
tudinally to the axis of the zoarium, within 2 mm. are 3°5-4
apertures. ‘The zoeecia are in longitudinal parallel rows ;
they are separated from each other by spaces equal to the
half of their longer diameter. On each side of the zoarium
are 7 or 8 rows of zcecia (fig. 8). The zocecial rows are
separated from each other by fine linear ridges. The zoarium
is elliptical in cross-section, with sharpened striated margins.
My specimens are in all respects very similar to the
American specimens of P. crassa figured by Bassler (Joe. cit.).
Nematopora, Ulrich.
Ulrich, 1888, Amer. Geol. vol. i. p. 234.
Ulrich, 1890, “ Paleozoic Bryozoa,” Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. viii,
pt. 2, pp. 401, 644.
8. Bassler, 1911, “Early Paleoz. Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces,”
Bull. U.S. National Mus. Ixxyii. p. 155.
O.
O.
E.
E.
R
Nematopora boyoljubovi, sp.n. (PI. VII. figs. 9, 10.)
JINagnosis. Zocecia surround the cylindrical zoarium in
more or less parallel rows. Between the rows of the
elliptical zocecial apertures are fine canaliculate longitudinal
ridges ; these are divided by little transverse ridges into
squares,
Locality and [lorizon. Kukruse, Esthonia. Middle Ordo-
vician, stage Cy; rare in the bituminous shale.
Material. Holotype in British Museum, Geological Dept.,
Regd. D. 25833. Paratype in my collection in the Geological
Museum of the University of Tartu (Dorpat).
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333
from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia.
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334 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa
Description. Fragment of the zoarium (fig. 9) is 8 mm.
long, the diameter of the cylindrical zoarium is 15 mm.
‘The zocecial apertures are elliptical, with rather sharpened
ends; the rows of the zocecial apertures run more or less
parallel to each other, around the zoarium. In all there are
12 zoccial rows. Longitudinally, within 2 mm, are 4 zoecial
apertures; the apertures are 0°2 mm. wide. The zocecial
apertures are separated from each other by spaces equal to,
or a little less than, their longer diameter. The apertures
have a distinct peristome. The surface of the zoarium is
sculptured ; the sharpened ends of the zocecial apertures are
connected by two fine ridges; from these some transverse
ridges may go to the longitudinal ridges (tig. 10). These
longitudinal ridges run parallel between the rows of the
zocecial apertures ; they are grooved above or canaliculate.
This fine groove is divided by numerous fine transverse ridges
into little squares ; little apertures sometimes occur on the
bottoms of these squares.
Comparison with other Species in Esthonia.—l. bogoljubovi
has more numerous rows of zoecia (18,12), whilst VV. consueta
has only 4 rows, WV. ovalis 4 or 5, N. fragilis 6, N. lineata
6 (or less). In addition the structure of the surface is more
complicated in this species.
The trivial name is in honour of my first teacher of geo-
logy in Tartu (Jurjev), Professor N. Bogoljubov.
On the table (pp. 332 & 333) are marked with asterisks the
species of bryozoa recorded by Bassler (1911, “ Early Paleoz.
Bryoz. Baltic Prov.”) from the Kuckers stage, and the stages
above or below this stage. From the Kuckers shale and
limestone near Jewe and Kuckers, the district in which I
collected, Bassler quotes 37 species (from the Kuckers stage,
from Jewe to Reval, Bassler quotes 46 species). Of these
37 species, I have found 18 in my collection.
In the columns, with the exception of the third and two
last, are species which Bassler described among others from
the Glauconite, Echinospherite, and Jewe limestones, the
Wassalem bed, and the Wesenberg, Lyckholm, and Bork-
holm limestones. I have found these species—16—in the
Kuckers shale and marl or limestone in the quarries of the
villages Kukruse and Tiirpsalu.
In the last column are marked with (x) all the species,
with two new spp. and one American, which I found in the
Kuckers shale and marl or marly limestone.
The bryozoan fauna in the Kuckers stage is very rich. In
a very limited locality (3 to 5 km.) I have found 87 species.
from the Kuekers Stage in Esthonia. 335
With the other species named by Bassler for this stage, this
makes a total of 56 species.
In the British Museum, Geological Dept., there are of the
species of my collection which I found in the Kuckers stage,
named on the table (pp. 332 & 333), the following :—Proto-
ertsina exigua, Ulrich, Regd. D. 29830; Pachydictya bifur-
cata, Hall, Regd. D. 29838 ; Chasmatopora tenella, Kichwald,
Regd. D.29831; Batostoma winchelli, Ulrich, Regd. D. 29834;
Batustoma fertile circulare, Ulrich, Regd. D. 29835. The
other species that I found in the Kuckers shale and marl,
named on the table, are in my collection in the Geological
Museum of the University of Tartu.
The mode of occurrence of the various species is remark-
able. In some places the fine delicate white skeletons of
diverse bryozoa are in great abundance ; locally they are
absent from the shale. In the bituminous or oil shale the
following abound :—Chasmatopora furcata, Pseudohornea
bifida, Protocrisina exigua, Pachydictya elegans, P. cyclosto-
moides, P. kuckersensis, Graptodictya bonnemat. There is
an abundance of Trepostomata in the shale and still more in
the marl or limestone, e.g.: Diplotrypa petropolitana,
Inanulites petropolitana, Hallopora dybouskyi, and various
species of Batostoma and Hemiphragma.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.
Pachydictya kuckersensis, sp. n.
Figs. 1-3. Outlines of zoarial fragments, nat. size.
Fig. 4. Portion of zoarial surface, x 12 diam.
Fig. 5, Tangential section of zoarium, X 12 diam.
Fig. 6, Transverse section of zoarium, X 12 diam.
Pachydictya crassa, Hall.
Fig. 7, Outline of zoarial fragment, Brit. Mus., Geol. Dept., D. 29832 ;
nat. size.
Fig. 8. Portion of zoarial surface of the same specimen, x 7 diam.
Nematopora bogoljubovi, sp. n.
Fig. 9. Zoarial fragment ; holotype; Brit. Mus., Geol. Dept., D. 29833 ;
nat. size.
Fig. 10. Portion of zoarial surface of the holotype, x 13 diam,
336 Prof. E.-L. Trouessart on
XXXIII.—Diagnose de Genres nouveaux de Sarcoptides
plumicoles (Analgesine). Par E.-L. Trougssart, Pro-
fesseur au Muséum National de Paris.
Depuls la “ Révision” des genres de ce groupe que j’ai
publiée dans le ‘ Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France,’
tome xl. 1916, p. 207, de nouvelles recherches m/’ont fait
connaitre plusieurs types inédits appartenant principalement
aux révions Orientale et Austrahenne, et dont le plus re-
marquable est le genre Hemzalges*, riche déja de plus de 30
especes nouvelles, et qui se distingue autant par sa distri-
bution géographique que par ses caractéres. D’autres genres,
anciennement connus, ont besoin d’étre subdivisés et plusieurs
sont entiérement nouveaux. J’en donne ici les caractéres.
ANALGES (Nitzsch, 1818), genus restrictum, 1919.
Male hétéromorphe.—Pattes de la III® paire 4 1° article
plus étroit que les suivants, retréci & son extrémité distale ;
les quatre derniers articles soudés et renflés en forme de
ballon ; la griffe terminale du tarse dépourvue d’ambulacre.
Type: Analges chelopus (Hermann), sur Passer domesticus,
d’ Europe.
ANALGOPSIS, gen. nov.
Analges (partim), auctorum.
Male hétéromorphe.—Pattes de la III° paire réguliérement
fusiformes, sans rétrécissement au 1 article, le 2° étant le
plus renflé. La griffe terminale portant quelquefois un reste
de la tige de l’ambulacre, sous forme d’une griffe mince,
transparente et incolore.
Remarque.—Dans ces deux genres (Analges et Analgopsis)
les males homéomorphes (ou complémentaires), 4 pattes. IIT
plus gréles, different peu, et par conséquent ne peuvent étre
utilisés pour la distinction des espeéces et du genre, qui doit
étre basée sur le male hétéromorphe.
Type: Analges passerinus (L.), sur plusieurs Fringillide
d’ Europe.
PLESIALGES, gen. nov.
Male hétéromorphe-—Trés semblable & Analges par le
renflement des articles 2 et 3 de la ILI* paire, mais la griffe
* Wne Monographie de ce genre, avec figures, est en préparation.
new Genera of Analgesinze. 337,
terminale ayant conservé la tige de l’ambulacre renflée en
forme de bouteille dépourvue de col. Abdomen entier et plus
développé en largeur que chez Analges——Femelle semblable
a celles d’Analges.
Type: Plesialges mimus, nov. sp., sur Pomathorinus
superciliosus, d’ Australie.
HeMIALGES, Trt., 1888 (subg. ; genus, 1915).
Bull, Soc. Zool. France, 1915, p. 218.
Male hétéromorphe.—Généralement trés robuste, 4 trone
plus ou moins large, les pattes III insérées trés en avant et
portant des ambulacres plus ou moins courts ou atrophiés.
Abdomen entier ou trés faiblement échancré.— Femelle sem-
blable a celles d’ Analges.
Type: Megninia pappus, sur Manucodia atra de Nouvelle-
Guinée.
Remarque.—Ce genre, qui par ses caractéres s’intercale
entre Analgopsis et Megninia, comprend des espéces de grande
taille mais dont le polymorphisme des males est souvent trés
accusé. Sa distribution géographique, trés nette, a son centre
& la Nouvelle-Guinée, avec quelques espéces aberrantes
s’étendant jusqu’d la Malaisie et & Madagascar d’une part,
jusqu’a l Australie Septentrionale de autre, et & la Polynésie
occidentale. :
HyYPERALGES, Trt., 1915.
Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1915, p. 219,
Male hétéromorphe-—Rappelant Hemialges, mais beaucoup
plus allongé, avec abdomen échancré et aminci, formant trois
étages ; les ventouses copulatrices placées sur |’étage inter-
inédiaire de maniére a constituer avec l’étage antéro-inférieur
une poche qui recoit abdomen de la femelle pendant l’accou-
plement.
Type: Hemialges magnificus, sur Melanorhectes nigrescens
de Nouvelle-Guinée (c’est le géant des Sarcoptides plumi-
coles).
Remarque.—C’est par erreur que cette espéce a d’abord été
attribuée & Lophorina superba, le premier male, longtemps
seul connu, ayant été rencontré (accidentellement) sur ce
Paradisier du méme pays.
* _ PSOROPTOIDES, gen. nov.
Male hétéromorphe.—Conformation des pattes rappelant le
genre psorique Psoroptes, c’est-d-dire le tarse des pattes
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv, 25
338 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on
antérieures terminé par une griffe, la tige de l’ambulacre
(rejetée sur le cété) longue et gréle; le tarse des pattes IV
tronqué comme chez Mesalges.—Femelle a pattes IIL portant
trois pines autour de la tige de l’ambulacre, et munie d’une
plaque notogastrique. MNymphes et larves dépourvues d’ambu-
lacre & cette patte, qui se termine par des épines.
Type: Megninia psoroptopus sur Dichoceros bicornis de
Malaisie.
METANALGES, gen. nov.
Male & abdomen trés allongé, dépassant de beaucoup les
pattes III qui ont le tarse court; pattes IV sous-abdominales,
plus courtes mais aussi grosses 4 leur base que les pattes ILI,
4 tarse tronqué et échancré. Abdomen fortement échancré,
bilobé. Manchettes des pattes antérieures peu prononcées.—
Femelle dépourvue de plaque notogastrique.
Type: Megninia elongata sur Tricholimnas lafresnayanus
de Nouvelle-Calédonie.
Nota.—C’est par suite d’une erreur d’étiquette que cette
espéce a été mdiquée précédemment comme trouvée sur
Ocydromus australis. L’espéce était classée dans le genre
Ocydromus avant la création du g. Tricholimnas, Sharpe, en
1893.
XXXIV.—On the Genus Aorus, Schh. ( Coleoptera, Curcu-
lionide). By Guy A. K. Marsuat, D.Sc.
SCHONHERR’S genus Aorus appears to have been entirely
overlooked by recent students of the Curculionids, and this
has probably been due to the fact that Lacordaire, who
professed to have been acquainted with the type-species,
erroneously placed it among the Cossonine, although Schéu-
herr himself quite rightly pointed out its very close relationship
to his South-American genus Ama/actus. ‘The genus has
consequently been redescribed by several authors, as shown
in the following synonymy :—
Genus Aorus, Schh.
Aorus, Schonherr, Gen. Cure, iii, 1886, p. 253.—Type, A. spadiceus,
Gyl.
Leptobaris, Gerstaecker, Monats. Berl. Ak. 1855, p. 639 (syn. nov.).—
Type, A. castaneus, Gerst.
the Genus Aorus, Schh. ooo
Lxarcus, Pascoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xix. 1880, p- 372 (syn.
nov.).—Type, A. hearseyt, Pase.
Stenodema, Faust, Ent. Nachr. xi. 1885, p. 16.—Type, A. castaneus,
Gerst. (=ferrugineus, Fst.).
Gerstaecker assigned the genus to the Baridine, from
which, however, it must be excluded owing to the structure
of the mesepimera; whereas Faust placed it in the Erirrhininee,
and this seems the most satisfactory conclusion.
Key to the Species of Aorus.
1 (14). Second joint of front tarsi as broad as or
broader than long ; prothorax coarsely
punctate at the sides.
2 (5). Prothorax coarsely punctate throughout ;
intervals of elytra each with a single
row of distinct widely spaced punc-
tures.
(4). Punctures on the prothorax much broader
than the interspaces between them;
punctures in the striz of the elytra
subquadrate and as broad as or
broader than the intervals.......... spadiceus, Gyl.
4 (5). Punctures on the prothorax narrower
than the interspaces; punctures on
the elytra round and narrower than
thesintervals 23 6.23 ..4 < coe -cees. castaneus, Gerst.
5 (2). Prothorax finely punctate on the disk
and much more coarsely so at the sides
and base ; intervals of elytra impunc-
tate or with minute irregular punc-
tures.
6 (13). Prothorax not or but very slightly
broader than long; length 7-10 mm.
7 (10). Form more elongate, the elytra nearly
three times as long as the prothorax ;
second joint of funicle longer, the
third as long as broad; colour red-
brown. (Asiatic species.)
8 (9). Anterior tibiz with a very strong an-
gular process internally in the middle,
bearing a.tooth that is directed ob-
liquely forwards; the width of the
tibia to the tip of this tooth as great
as at the apex including the uncus;
the basal external angles of the ely tra
BCHLE as ene sence. . hearseyi, Pase,
co
EQUMUBUMY aeelaeer. eS stones M, prilsbiyt, sp. un.
B. Carina not projecting far below scutum, the
basal margins of the two valves in line or
forming an even curve as seen from the
side.
a. Occludent margin of scutum nearly
straight, carina with narrow sides, trans-
versely expanded at base ........ w.». MM. rectum, Pilsbry.
* Based on the keys given by Pilsbry (Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. Lx. 1907,
p. 83, and Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1907, p. 415).
+ On this point Pilsbry’s description of M. annandalei is at variance
with his key and with his figure of that species (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. Ly.
1907, pp. 83 & 90, pl. vii. fig. 15). :
27
364 Dr. W. T. Calman on
b. Occludent margin of scutum convex, sides
of carina widening below.
a. Basal width of capitulum little less
than one-third of its length.
a. Basal margin of carina, seen from the
side, shorter than that of scutum.. MM. subcarinatum,
f. Basal margin of carina, seen from the {Pilsbry.
side, about as long as that of
scutum. [A pair of long filamen-
tary appendages placed far forward
on dorsal surface of prosoma, and a
pair of short ones close to base of _
PURSE ACIDE | Mi ec sees tens eather eae M. orientale, sp. u.
b. Basal width of capituium not more than Reh we
one-fourth of its length. i,
a. Numerous filamentary appendages a
dorsal surface of prosoma ........ M. carinatum (Hoek).
8. A pair of uncinate processes on dorsal
BUTLACE Of PTOSOMMB. 5 arspsieie se ais ere M. hamatum, sp. n.
Megalasma (Glyptelasma) gigas (Annandale).
Pecilasma (Glyptelasma) gigas, Annandale, Journ. Straits Branch Roy.
Asiatic Soc. no, 74, 1916, p. 299, pl. iv. fig. 4, pl. v. figs. 10-14,
ple vi. figs’, Ge
Localities—Lat. 8° 46’ §., long. 114° 44’ E., 400 fath.
2 specimens,
lat. 11° 0’ '8., long. 121°°0" E.; 500 fath.’ “Aboutets
specimens. .
Lat. 11° 0' S. “fons. 121° 30’ E., 500 fath. 8 specimens.
Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 122° 0’ E., 600 fath. 4 specimens.
All specimens taken by C./S. ‘ Patrol’ from Java—Australia
cables.
Measurements.—Largest specimen, length of capitulum
30 mm., breadth 15 mm., length of peduncle 36 mm. In
another specimen, length of capitulum 25 mm., of peduncle
43 mm.
Remarks.—The specimens agree in general with Annan-
dale’s description and figures, the most conspicuous difference
being that the peduncle is frequently longer—sometimes
much longer—than the capitulum. The cuticle may be
much paler, sometimes nearly colourless. I can find no trace
of a tooth at the basal occludent angle of the tergum on
either side. ‘There is some variation in the depth of the sides
of the carina. ‘The peduncle shows, more or less distinctly,
a longitudinal keel on the carinal side. There are no fila-
mentary appendages,
It seems probable that Annandale’s species is related to
—)
Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 365
M. rectum, Pilsbry, in which the “auriculate” structure of
the base of the carina suggests the beginning of such a
transverse expansion as is seen in this species.
Fig. 1.
Megalasma (Glyptelasma) pilsbry2, sp, n., holotype.
A, Lateral view, outlines of valves as seen after partial removal of cuticle.
B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface. C, Carina, inner surface,
Megalasma (Glyptelasma) pilsbryi, sp. n.
(Text-figs. 1 and 2.)
Loealittes—Lat. 9° 15' S., long. 115° 10’ E., 800-1500
fath. 1 specimen.
Lat. 10° 45’ §., long. 120° 50’ E., 700 fath. 2 specimens
(including holotype).
Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 121° 30’ E., 500 fath. 1 specimen.
366 *, W. 'T. Calman on
Ali specimens taken by C./S. ‘Patrol’? from Java—
Australia cables.
Description. Capitulum covered with a thick opaque
cuticle, the surface of which has a very fine, short, velvety
pile, with stouter but still short seta interspersed. Valves
separated by distinct interspaces, that separating the scutum
from the upper part of the carina being especially wide. The
lines of growth are well-marked, regularly and rather widely
spaced; when the cuticle is removed, rather faint radial
Fig. 2.
oe hik
Yaw
UY |
a \
/ | |
Poa 7
\
\
\
\
x
Meyalasma (Gilyptelasma) pilsbryt, sp. n.
Body, from the side, showing dorsal filamentary appendages, first cirrus,
and caudal appendages.
striations are visible on the scutum. Seutuwm with occludent
margin slightly convex, tergal margin straight, carinal margin
convex, passing in an even curve into the straight basal
margin, which forms a little less than a right angle with the
chord of the oecludent margin. A submarginal ridge runs
from umbo to apex, but there is no definite ridge from umbo
to tergo-carinal angle; the basal margin is slightly everted
and thickened. On the inner surface is an umbonal tooth or
Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 367
tubercle on each valve. Tergum with apex slightly re-
curved ; occludent margin convex in its upper half ; angle of
occludent and scutal margins slightly produced; a “well-
marked groove from apex to scuto-carinal angle. Carina
with sides expanding evenly from above downwards, so that
the inner margin is regularly concave; basal margin ex-
tending well below base of scutum and at right angles with
it ; septum with concave margin, its lateral angles prominent
in ‘side-view.
Peduncle about one-third of ecapitular length, coarsely
corrugated, with obscure carinal keel. “Attachment almost at
the margins of scuta and carina.
A single pair of rather short, slender, filamentary ap-
pendages on dorsum of prosoma near its ‘posterior margin.
Rami of jirst cirrus with 9 and 10 segments respectively,
Caudal appendages less than one-fourth as long as peduncle
of sixth cirri.
Measurements.x—Length of capitulum 25 mm., breadth
13 mm.; length of peduncle 8 mm.
Remarks.—In some respects this species seems to approach
M. annandalei, Pilsbry, from the North Atlantic. It differs
in having no sudden widening of the sides of the carina and
no excavation of the adjacent margin of the scutwn, as well
as in the thick cuticle covering the valves and many other
details which forbid its identification with that species.
Megalasma (Glyptelasma) orientale, sp. n.
( Vext-figs. 3 and 4.)
Localities.—Vat. 9° 15’ §., long. 115° 10’ E., 800-1500
fath. 5 specimens (incluling holoty e).
Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 122° 0' E., 600 fath. 1 specimen.
Specimens taken by C./S. ‘Patrol? from Java—Australia
cables.
ee lice 2 Wales of shell resembling those of A. sub-
carinatum, Pilsbry. Seutum with oecludent margin convex,
carinal margin convex above, deeply excavated below, basal
margin everted, forming about a night angle with the chord
of the occludent margin. Submarginal ridve from umbo to
apex very close to the actual occludent margin, which is
concealed when capituluim is viewed from the side. On the
inner surface the “smooth basal area”? las its upper edge
(which marks the line of attachment of the peduncle) much
less arched than in Ad. subcarinatum, Tergum with carinal
margin inclined towards the occludent, apex acute. Carina
368 Dr. W. T. Calman on
with sides expanded in the lower part to four to five times
their depth in the upper part (as against about three times in
the figure of J/. subcarinatum), transverse width of upper
part (in large specimens) about one-third of that of basal
Margin ; areal margin, as seen from the side, equal to or
slightly longer or shorter than that of seutum. Inner septum
with upper edge concave but not distinctly bilobed, not pro-
jecting when the detached carina is seen from the side.
Pedunele very short, its diameter much less than that of
Fig, 3.
Megalasma (Glypte’asma) orientale, sp. n., holotype.
A. Lateral view. 5B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface.
C. Carina, inner surface.
the peduncular orifice, and attached some distance above the
basal margins of scuta and carina.
A pair of long tapering filamentary appendages are attached
side by side on the anterior part of the dorsal surface of the
prosoma.