QLYHS/ ee: = S47 oh Serl 1,8 — 2a ee ia nig a i ae oka ito. a ay tS Se ee as a] » sit wiles 1 a) Between sorrow and happiness On the 17" of April 2007, Kamal El-Din M. El-Hennawy departed our world. He was a poet, a defender, a revolutionist, and self-educated scientist. His English-Arabic “Medical terms dictionary” (1978) and “Biological terms dictionary” (1990) are still appreciated by Arab universities. He supported SERKET since the beginning of the idea. In August 2007, SERKET sadly celebrated its 20" anniversary without him. Kamal E-Din M. E-Hennawy (1995) 12 January 1920 - 17 April 2007 Seek out—less often sought than found- A soldier’s grave, for thee the best; Then look around, and choose thy ground, And take thy rest. (Lord Byron - On this day | complete my thirty-sixth year) 2K 2k ok 2k ok 2k ok 2 2K ok In February 2007, the Turkish Arachnological Society was founded. The first issue of its journal, Turkish Journal of Arachnology, is ready for publication these days. Tebrik - Congratulations ! Thus, arachnological activities continue between sorrow for those who departed and happiness for new born publications and more fruitful scientific activities in the field of arachnology. The Editor Serket (2008) vol. 11(1): 2-6. Some harvestmen records (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Nigde Province of Turkey Kemal Kurt ', Hakan Demir °, Osman Seyyar® & Aydin Topeu | ' Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Nigde University, TR-51200 Nigde, Turkey ; ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey * Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erciyes University, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: osmanseyyar@hotmail.com Abstract Four species of order Opiliones, Homolophus funestus L. Koch, 1877, Oligolophus hanseni (Kraepelin, 1896), Oligolophus tridens (C.L. Koch, 1836) and Opilio redikorzevi Roewer, 1956 are recorded for the first time from Turkey. The characteristic body parts of these species, and Phalangium punctipes (L. Koch, 1878), are measured and illustrated, and data of their distribution are given. These records increase the number of opilionids in Turkey to 33 species. Keywords: Arachnida, Opiliones, New records, Turkey. Introduction Opiliones are commonly called shepherd spiders, harvest spiders or harvestmen. They have round bulbous bodies and very long legs. Their cryptic colouration affords protection from predators. They are usually able to repel their attackers with a repugnant secretion from odiferous glands. They are normally active during the night. Harvestmen feed on a wide variety of creatures, including small insects and other invertebrates, dead animals and plants. They can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including forests, brushy areas, open grasslands and even disturbed areas. Both Turkish and foreign researches made some important contributions to the Turkish harvestmen fauna. Up to now, 6125 species of 1638 genera of Opiliones have been described in the world (Hallan, 2005). There are only 29 species known from Turkey (Kulcezynski, 1903; Nosek, 1905: Roewer, 1959; Gruber, 1968, 1969, 1976, 1979, 1998; Chevrizov, 1979; Bayram, 1994: Snegovaya, 1999; Bayram ef al., 2005: Bayram & Corak, 2007: Corak & Bayram, 2007). In this study, four species of Family Phalangiidae Latreille, 1802 are recorded for the first time from Turkey. The characteristic body parts of these species, and Phalangium punctipes (LL. Koch. 1878). are measured and illustrated. and data on their distribution are given. With these records, the number of opilionids in Turkey has increased to 33 species. Material and Methods This study was carried out in different periods between April and September 2002-2004 in Nigde. Examined specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the Arachnology Museum of Nigde University (NUAM). The identification was made with a ZX61 Olympus stereomicroscope. Identification references consulted are: Chevrizov (1979) and Babasoglu (1999). All measurements are in millimetres. Abbreviations used: AL = abdominal portion length, Bs = basal segment. CL = carapace length, Ds = distal segment, F = femur, M = metatarsus, P = patella, Ti = tibia, TL = total length, Tr = tarsus. Results Homolophus funestus _. Koch, 1877 (Figs.1-2) Material examined. Turkey: Nigde province: 19. Ulukisla, 37°33'N, 34°28'E, 25.08.2003; 19, Fertek, Ozbelde, 37°58'N, 34°39'E, 06.06.2003; 399, Kemerhisar. 37°49N, 34°34'E, 29.09.2003; 12, Camardi, 34°49'N, 34°59'E, 23.05.2003; 19, Bor, 37°53'N, 34°33'E, 17.08.2003; 39 9, Altunhisar, 37°59'N, 34°22'E, 17.05.2003. Measurements. Female. Dorsal scutum: CL 2.3, AL 3.7; Chelicera: Bs 0.8, Ds 2.2. Peoipaw | le, (F+Ps- Tit Ir)]; 6.3 -(1,74-0:84+1.142.7); Legs [TL (F+P+li+M+Tr)]: I 14.6 See tee Ae 515-9), W193. (4.34 1,6+3.973.346.2), I 1541. @2:54+1.142.343.0+6.2), Py 22. 7-(40+1.54-3.3+5.44+8.5). Habitat: The specimens were collected from stony and meadow places. World distribution: Siberia, Mongolia (Hallan, 2005). Oligolophus hanseni (Kraepelin, 1896) (Figs.3-4) Material examined. Turkey: Nigde province: 19, Ozbelde, 37°58'N, 34°39'E, 27.05.2004; 19, Fertek, 37°58'N, 34°37'E, 29.09.2004; 299, Giimiisler, 37°59'N, 34°46'E, 22.08.2003; 19, Uluagag, 38°25'N, 34°S0'E, 26.08.2004. Measurements. Female. Dorsal scutum: CL 2.0, AL 4.0; Chelicera: Bs 0.8, Ds 2.0. Fedipalp (Tb (F+P+TitIr)]: 4.0 (1.2+0.5+0.7+1.6); Legs [TL (F+P+Ti+M+Tr)]: 1 14.6 (2.2+0.9+2.5+2.6+6.4), II 23.8 (4.4+1.4+4.2+3.8+10.0), III 16.1 (3.6+1.0+2.5+3.2+5.8), 22 34,511 2+3.744.948.0). Habitat: The specimens were collected from tree trunks and meadows. World distribution: Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, (Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Stol, 2007). Oligolophus tridens (C.L. Koch, 1836) (Figs.5-6) Material examined. Turkey: Nigde province: 1¢, Fertek, 37°58'N, 34°37'E, 27.05.2004; 2¢¢, Kayaardi, 37°58'N, 34°39'E, 13.03.1996; 14, Altunhisar, 37°59'N, 34°22'E, 25.06.2003; 24.4, Ulukisla, 37°33'N, 34°28'E, 07.06.2003. Measurements. Female. Dorsal scutum: CL 2.1, AL 5.7; Chelicera: Bs 1.0, Ds 2.3. Pema (Le (Ptr t+lit ir): 5.5 (1.540.7+1.142.2); Legs [TL (P+P+Ti+M+Tr)]: I 13:0 ee 4 OO I 2106. (4.44+1.443.342-979 6), MT 12.92.64 1.142.042. 54477), IV 20.5 (4.1+1.3+2.8+4.3+8.0). Habitat: The specimens were collected from meadow places. World distribution: Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany. Switzerland. Austria, Czech Republic, Hungaria, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Iceland, Finland (Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Stol, 2007). Lo \ N \ Ny \ \ Sa ry x Ww f\ = i, = Wl FEE ‘ Me & a a 4 HE = ~ sy 4 i ¢ slag Hee ‘ f NAN aD ern Ste Figs.1-6: Homolophus funestus (Q). 1. pedipalp, 2. chelicera. Oligolophus hanseni (&). 3. distal segment of chelicera, 4. pedipalp. Oligolophus tridens (2). 5. penis, 6. pedipalp. Scales: 0.5 mm. Opilio redikorzevi Roewer, 1956 (Figs.7-9) Material examined. Turkey: Nigde province: 2¢¢. Kayaardi, 37°58'N. 34°39'E, 13.03.1996: 14, Kemerhisar, 37°49'N, 34°34'E, 01.07.2003: 14, Altunhisar, 37°59'N, 34°22'E, 05.06.2003; 14, Ciftlik, 38°10'N, 34°29'E, 11.05.2003; 1¢, Gélctik, 38°13'N, 34°46'E, 13.08.2003; 1¢ Bor, 37°53'N, 34°33'E, 09.06.2003. Measurements. Male. Dorsal scutum: CL 2.5, AL 3.8; Chelicera: Bs 1.0, Ds 2.3. Pedipalp [TL-(F+P+Ti+Tr)]: 5.4 (1.440541 1424); Less (TL (FP iain) antes (2.7+0.94-2.7+3.0+5.2), Il 24:9 (4:4+1.644.043-97-11,0); Di Wo sa(2, Gre 2 sae oe IV 24.3 (4.3+1.5+3.6+5,9+9.0), Habitat: The specimens were collected from stony places and bare soil zones. World distribution: Caucasus (Hallan, 2005). Phalangium punctipes (L. Koch, 1878) (Figs.10-12) Material examined. Turkey: Nigde province: 2¢¢. Ulukisla, 37°33'N, 34°28'E, 11.06.2003; 1¢, Bor, 37°53'N, 34°33'E, 19.05.2004. Measurements. Male. Dorsal scutum: CL 1.8, AL 3.0; Chelicera: Bs 1.1, Ds 1.6. Pedipalp [TL (F+P+TitTr)]: 13.7 (4.0+1.1+2.6+6.0); Legs [TL (F+P+Ti+M+Tr)]: I 20.8 (4.1+1.0+3.9+4:3+7.5), If 30:8 (6:8+1.345.0+6.1+12.6); UE 21.25(3.150:95-3455 4A) IV 29.7. (5.441.044. 627, 7a 1120). Habitat: The specimens were collected from meadow places. World distribution: Armenia, Congo, Turkestan, Crimea, Syria, Cyprus, Caucasus, Cuba (Hallan, 2005). Figs. 7-12: Opilio redikorzevi (3). 7. chelicera, 8. penis. 9. pedipalp. Phalangium punctipes (3). 10. penis, 11. pedipalp, 12. chelicera. Scales: 0.5 mm. References Babasoglu, A. 1999. Oriimcekgiller (Arachnida). Kiiltiir Kitabevi. Nigde. 371s. Bayram, A. 1994. Tarla kenarlarinda yer alan ot kiimelerinin arthropod faunasi. Yiiziincii Yil Universitesi, Ziraat Fakiiltesi Dergisi, 4: 139-149. Bayram, A., Danigman, T., Corak, I. & Yesilyurt, F. 2005. Kirikkale ilinin araneo-faunasi iizerine (Arthropoda: Arachnida). Ekoloji Cevre Dergisi, 14, 56: 1-8. Bayram, A. & Corak, |. 2007. A new record for the harvest spider fauna of Turkey: Dicranolasma giljarovi Silhavy, 1966 (Opilionida, Dicranolasmatidae). Turk. J. Zool., 31: 9-12. Blick, T. & Komposch, C. 2004. Checkliste der Weberknechte Mittel- und Nordeuropas. Checklist of the harvestmen of Central and Northern Europe (Arachnida: Opiliones). Version 27. Dezember 2004. Online at: http://www.arages.de/checklist/checklist04_ opiliones.htm| Chevrizov, B.P. 1979. A brief key to the harvest-spiders (Opiliones) of the European territory of the USSR. Trudy Zool. Inst. AN SSSR, Leningrad, 85: 4-27 (in Russian). Corak I. & Bayram A. 2007. Harvestmen Fauna of the Soguksu National Park, Ankara (Arachnida: Opiliones). Mun. Ent. Zool., 2(2): 455-460. Gruber, J. 1968. Ergebnisse zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Tiirkei: Calathocratus beieri, ein neuer Trogulide aus Anatolien (Opiliones, Arachnida). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 72: 435-441. Gruber, J. 1969. Weberknechte der Familien Sironidae und Trogulidae aus der Tiirkei. (Ergebnisse der Gsterreichisch-tiirkischen Anatolien-Expeditionen 9). Rev. Fac. Sci. Univ. Istanbul, (B) 34(1-12): 75-88. Gruber, J. 1976. Ergebnisse zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Tiirkei: Zwei neue Nemastomatidenarten mit Stridulationsorganen, nebst Anmerkungen zur systematischen Gliederung der Familie (Opiliones, Arachnida). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 80: 781-801. nN Gruber. J. 1979. Ergebnisse zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Tiirkei. Uber Nemastomatiden- Arten aus der Verwandtschaft von Pyza aus Siidwestasien und Siidosteuropa (Opiliones. Arachnida). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 82: 559-577. Gruber. J. 1998. Beitréage zur Systematik der Gattung Dicranolasma (Arachnida: Opiliones. Dicranolasmatidae). I. Dicranolasma thracium STAREGA und verwandte Formen aus cq Siidosteuropa und Siidwestasien. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 100 B: 489-537. Hallan, J. 2005. Synopsis of the described Opiliones of the world. Online at: http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Opiliones 1] .htm Kulezynski, W. 1903. Arachnoidea in Asia Minore et ad Constantinopolim a Dre F. Werner collecta. Sitz.-ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 112: 627-680. Nosek, A. 1905. Araneiden, Opilionen und Chernetiden. In Penther, A. und E. Zederbauer, Ergebnisse einer naturwissenschaftlichen Reise zum Erdschias-Dagh (Kleinasien). Ann. naturh, Hofmus. Wien, 20: 114-154. Roewer, C.F. 1959. Die Araneae, Solifuga und Opiliones der Sammlungen des Herrn Dr. K. Lindberg aus Griechenland, Creta, Anatolien, Iran und Indien. Goteborgs K. Vetensk.-o. vitterhSamh. Hanal. 8(4): 1-47. Snegovaya, N. 1999. Contribution to the harvest spider (Arachnida, Opiliones) Fauna of the Caucasus. Turk. J. Zool., 23: 453-459. Stol, 1. 2007. Checklist of Nordic Opiliones. Norw. J. Entomol., 54: 23-26. 6 Serket (2008) vol. 11(1): 7-12. An updated checklist of the Philodromidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks Hakan Demir Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: ozyptila@gmail.com Abstract This updated checklist of Philodromidae of Turkey is based on published and unpublished records available to the author. At present, 27 species belonging to 4 genera of family Philodromidae have been identified in Turkey. Keywords: Araneae, Philodromidae, Turkey. Introduction Arachnological studies of Turkey began towards the end of the 19" century. They were increased during the 20" century, specially faunistic and taxonomic works. Recently, they continue with an increased speed. In the fauna of Turkey, Philodromidae must be regarded as an insufficiently studied family. The first data about Turkish philodromids were published by Pavesi (1876), when he recorded Thanatus lineatipes Simon, 1870 from Kadifekale in Izmir. Later, several authors reported some further philodromids from Turkey (Kulcezynski, 1903; Nosek, 1905; Roewer, 1959; Karol, 1967). A detailed study of this family was carried out by Muster & Thaler (2004), who described two new species from Turkey, viz. Philodromus krausi Muster & Thaler, 2004 and Philodromus lunatus Muster & Thaler, 2004. However, the previous works were densely made in central Anatolian region, Black Sea region, and Mediterranean region (Central parts) of Turkey. At present, the fauna of Turkey has not been completely investigated yet. The first list of Turkish spiders (Karol, 1967) included 12 species belonging to 4 genera of family Philodromidae. Thereafter, both Turkish and foreign researchers made important contributions to the Turkish philodromid fauna. They recorded 18 species from Turkey (Bayram, 2002). The most recent checklist by Topgu ef a/. (2005) included 22 philodromid species belonging to 4 genera, most of which are known from a single or just a few localities. The present checklist is based on all available published and some unpublished records of the distribution of philodromid spiders in Turkey. A total of 27 species of 4 genera from family Philodromidae are recorded in this country. Material and Methods The present checklist is mainly based on the data included in “A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey” (Topcu ef al/., 2005). The checklist of the philodromid fauna of Turkey was compiled using published records and original data. World distribution of all species follows Platnick (2008). Distribution of species in geographical regions of Turkey is summarized in remarks according to Topg¢u e7 al. (2005) [MR = Marmara, AR = Aegean. MBR = Middle Black Sea, CAR = Central Anatolia, EAR = East Anatolia. MER = Mediterranean. and SAR = Southeast Anatolia Regions]. The present zoogeographical characterization 1s based on the chorotype classification of Anatolian fauna. recently proposed by Vigna Taglianti ef al. (1999). In this study, as possible as one chorotype description can be identified for each taxon. But this kind of description can not be possible for some taxa. so one or two chorotypes are used for them. The species which are recorded from only one locality in Turkey are characterised by an asterisk (*). Results Family Philodromidae Thorell. 1870 Genus Paratibellus Simon, 1932 Paratibellus oblongiusculus (Lucas, 1846) Records in Turkey: Sivas, Kayseri, Konya (Nosek, 1905): Turkey (Caporiacco, 1935); Mersin (Topcu ef al., 2006: Demir et al., 2008): Gaziantep (Ozdemir ef al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR. SAR and MER. Chorotype: European + Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Europe to Central Asia. Genus Philodromus Walckenaer. 1826 Philodromus albidus Kulczynski, 1911 Records in Turkey: Gaziantep (Ozdemir ef al., 2006: Varol ef al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: SAR *. Chorotype: European. World Distribution: Western, Central Europe. Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757) Records in Turkey: Mersin (Topgu ef al., 2005). Distribution in Turkey: MR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Philodromus bonneti Karol, 1968 Records in Turkey: Bursa (Karol, 1968). Distribution in Turkey: MR *. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Philodromus buchari Kubcova, 2004 Records in Turkey: Mersin (Muster & Thaler, 2004). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: European. World Distribution: Europe. Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996b); Bursa (Kaya & Ugurtas. 2007); Kirikkale (Bayram ef al., 2005). Distribution in Turkey: CAR, MR, EAR and SAR. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Philodromus collinus C.L. Koch, 1835 Records in Turkey: Bursa, Hatay (Roewer,. 1959). Distribution in Turkey: MR and MER. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Europe. Russia. Philodromus fallax Sundevall, 1833 Records in Turkey: Ankara (Szita & Logunov, 2008). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Philodromus fuscolimbatus Lucas, 1846 Records in Turkey: Bilecik (Muster & Thaler, 2004). Distribution in Turkey: MR and MER. Chorotype: Turano-Europeo-Mediterranean. World Distribution: Central Europe to Morocco, Azerbaijan. Philodromus glaucinus Simon, 1870 Records in Turkey: Balikesir (Karol, 1966a). Distribution in Turkey: MR and AR. Chorotype: Turano— Mediterranean + North Africa. World Distribution: Mediterranean to Azerbaijan. Philodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819) Records in Turkey: Bitlis (Roewer, 1959): Konya (Bayram & Allahverdi, 1994, 1999): Van (Bayram & Varol, 1996; Bayram e/ al., 1999); Kirikkale (Bayram ef al., 2005). Distribution in Turkey: EAR and CAR. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Philodromus krausi Muster & Thaler, 2004 Records in Turkey: Amasya, Kiitahya (Muster & Thaler, 2004). Distribution in Turkey: MBR and AR. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Philodromus lividus Simon, 1875 Records in Turkey: Bursa (Kulczynski, 1903). Distribution in Turkey: MR *. Chorotype: Europeo - Mediterranean. World Distribution: Portugal, France, Morocco, Algeria, Italy, Croatia. Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870 Records in Turkey: Balikesir (Muster & Thaler, 2004). Distribution in Turkey: MR *. Chorotype: European + Turanian. World Distribution: Europe, Iran. Philodromus lunatus Muster & Thaler, 2004 Records in Turkey: izmir, Konya (Muster & Thaler, 2004). Distribution in Turkey: AR and CAR. Chorotype: Balkano - Anatolian. World Distribution: Croatia, Greece, Turkey. Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck, 1757) Records in Turkey: Gaziantep (Roewer, 1959). Distribution in Turkey: SAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Philodromus poecilus (Yhorell, 1872) Records in Turkey: Nigde (Nosek, 1905): Ankara (Karol, 1966a). Distribution in Turkey: CAR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826 Records in Turkey: Mersin (Demir e/ a/., 2008). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Genus Thanatus C.L. Koch, 1837 Thanatus atratus Simon. 1875 Records in Turkey: Nigde. Mersin (Demir e/ al. , 2008). Distribution in Turkey: CAR and MER. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996 a, b, c; Bayram & Varol, 1996; Bayram e7 ai., 1999): Izmir. Manisa. Aydin (Bayram ef al., 2000); Mersin, Nigde (Topg¢u er al., 2006: Demir ef al., 2008): Kinkkale (Bayram ef al., 2005); Gaziantep (Ozdemir er al., 2006: Varol ef al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: Widely distributed. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Thanatus lineatipes Simon, 1870 Records in Turkey: Izmir (Pavesi, 1876). Distribution in Turkey: AR *. Chorotype: Mediterranean + Caucasian. World Distribution: Mediterranean, Georgia. Thanatus okayi Karol, 1966 Records in Turkey: Bursa (Karol, 1966b). Distribution in Turkey: MR *. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Thanatus pictus L. Koch, 1881 Records in Turkey: Kayseri (Nosek, 1905); Turkey (Reimoser, 1919): Gaziantep (Varol et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Thanatus striatus C.L. Koch, 1845 Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996a): Izmir, Aydin, Manisa (Bayram ef al., 2000); Mersin, Nigde (Demir e/ a/., 2008): Kinikkale (Bayram ef al., 2005). Distribution in Turkey: Widely distributed. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870 Records in Turkey: Konya, Nigde, Kayseri (Nosek, 1905); Bursa (Giltay, 1932); Ankara (Karol, 1966a); Mersin, Nigde (Topcu ef al, 2006; Demir ef al, 2008); Gaziantep (Ozdemir ef al., 2006: Varol ef al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: Widely distributed. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Genus Tibellus Simon, 1875 Tibellus macellus Simon, 1875 Records in Turkey: Mersin, Nigde (Demir e/ al... 2008). Distribution in Turkey: MER and CAR. Chorotype: European + Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Europe to Central Asia. 10 Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996b: Bayram & Varol. 1996. 1999: Bayram e7 ai.. 1999): Manisa. Izmir. Aydin (Bayram e/ al.. 2000): Denizli (Bayram ef al.. 1998): Mersin, Nigde (Topeu ez al.. 2006: Demir e/ al.. 2008). Distribution in Turkey: Widely distributed. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Zoogeographical Remarks The majority of philodromid species of Turkey can be classified under two chorotypes, the Palearctic (Philodromus aureolus, P. collinus, P. fallax, P. margaritatus, P. poecilus, Thanatus atratus and T. pictus) and the Holarctice (Philodromus cespitum, P. histrio, P. rufus, Thanatus formicinus, T. striatus, T. vulgaris and Tibellus oblongus). Three species are Anatolian endemic (Philodromus bonneti, P. krausi and Thanatus okayi). \t is apparent that Turkey has continental properties. It has a rich biodiversity. With this study, the number of philodromid spiders in Turkey has increased to 27 species belonging to 4 genera. References Bayram, A. 1996a. Spider fauna (Ordo: Araneae) of Carpanak island (Lake Van). Yiiziincii Yil University Journal of Education, \(2): 59-68. Bayram, A. 1996b. Spiders from Akdamar island (Lake Van): Faunistic notes, habitat descriptions and sampling methods. Gazi Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakiiltesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6: 1-10. 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Van YGresi Ot Kiimelerinde Oriimcekler (Araneae) Uzerine Bir Arastirma. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23(1): 15-21. Bayram, A., Allahverdi, H., Varol, M.I.. & Pekdemir, H. 1998. Denizli yéresi tiitiin tarlalarinin driimcek faunasi. Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers, 57: |-6. Bayram, A., Varol, M.ji., Allahverdi, H., Polat, M. & Bulut. M. 1999. Van'da bir korunga tarlasinin Griimcek faunasi. Ekoloji Cevre Dergisi, 8(33): 1-4. Bayram, A., Varol, M.|. & Tozan, i.H. 2000. The Spider (Araneae) fauna of the cotton fields located in the western part of Turkey. Serket, 6(4): 105-114. Bayram, A., Danisman, T., Yesilyurt, F., Corak, 1. & Unal, M. 2005. Kirikkale ilinin Araneo- Faunasi Uzerine (Arthropoda: Arachnida). Ekoloji Cevre Dergisi, 14(56): 1-8. Caporiacco, L. di. 1935. Escursione del Prof. Nello Beccari in Anatolia. Aracnidi. Monitore zoologico italiano, 46(9): 283-289. Demir, H.. Topgu, A. & Seyyar. O. 2008. 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Distribution of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) and Buthacus macrocentrus (Ehrenberg, 1828) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Turkey Ersen Aydin Yagmur ', Mehmet Yalein* & Gékhan Calisir 7 Ege University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Zoology Section, Izmir, Turkey 2 ; j ; : ; ; Gaziantep University, Science and Art Faculty, Biology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: ersen.vagmur(@gmail.com Abstract Previous and new distribution records of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) and Buthacus macrocentrus (Ehrenberg, 1828) in Turkey are presented and discussed. All distribution records of A. crassicauda are determined, especially disjunctive distribution records from Kars and Igdir Province in the eastern part of Turkey. Besides, B. macrocentrus was recorded from Turkey for the second time. Keywords: Distribution, Fauna, Arachnida, Scorpiones, Androctonus crassicauda, Buthacus macrocentrus, Turkey. Introduction Genus Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 has a widespread distribution in Africa and Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Egypt (Sinai), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan?, Yemen) (Fet & Lowe, 2000; Hendrixson, 2006). There is 15 known species that belong to genus Androctonus in this region (Lourengo, 2005: Lourencgo & Qi, 2006a, 2007). Genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 is also distributed in Africa (Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Sudan, Tunisia) and Asia (Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates) (Fet & Lowe, 2000; Crucitti & Vignoli, 2002: Kovarik, 2005: Lourengo, 2006; Lourengo & Qi, 2006b). There is 19 species that belong to genus Buthacus in this region (Kovarik, 2005; Hendrixson, 2006; Lourenco, 2006: Lourenco & Qi, 2006b). In Turkey, there is only one species of each of the two genera, Androcionus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) and Buthacus macrocenirus (Ehrenberg, 1828). The aim of this study is to discuss the distribution of these two species in Turkey. depending on new records in addition to literature records. Material and Methods Field studies were achieved during the period between 1° July 2002 and ie August 2007. The 93 (46 2°. 36 ¢¢@. 11 juv.) specimens of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier. 1807) were collected from 35 different localities and the 31 (17 99, 12 dd. 2 juv.) specimens of Buthacus macrocentrus (Ehrenberg. 1828) were collected from 3 different localities. The specimens were found under stones in daytime and at night using UV lamp. The samples were preserved in 70% ethanol and have been deposited in the private collection of Ersen Aydin Yagmur (PCEAY). The specimens were examined by XTL-3400E stereomicroscope. Results and Discussion Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) Scorpio crassicauda Olivier, 1807 Type Locality: Kashan, Iran. Androctonus crassicauda Vachon, 1948 Synonyms: Buthus crassicauda Simon, 1872 Prionurus crassicauda Pocock, 1895 Buthus (Prionurus) crassicauda Birula, 1896 Buthus (Prionurus) crassicauda crassicauda Birula, 1896 Material examined: 1. Adiyaman: 1. Besni District, Sanyaprak Village, 03.vi11.2006. E.A. Yagmur, M. Yalcin, 2. Batman: 399. Hasankeyf District, Sugeken Village, 13.v.2004, 37°44'18"N, 41°17'48"E, E.A. Ya®mur, A. Akkaya, 3. 19, 2¢¢. Hasankeyf District, 15 km south of Batman, 17.vili.2007, 37°48'04"N. 41°13'43"E, E.A. Yagmur, A. Kiirgat, 4. 229, 1¢. Central District, Oguz Village, 01.ix.2007, E. Yagmur, 5. Diyarbakir: Cinar District, Asagi Konak Village 37°37'35"N, 40°29'35"E: 16, 14.viii.2007, E.A. Yagmur, 229, 1 Juv., Aysebaci Hill, 16.vii1.2007, E.A. Yagmur, 6. 229, 2¢¢. Hani District, Giirbiiz Village, 15.viii.2007, 38°22'46"N, 40°21'51"E, E.A. Yagmur, 7. Gaziantep: Sahinbey District. Gaziantep University: 19, 01.vii.2002, S. Kesmezoglu, C. Toprak, 14, 25.ix.2002, S. Kesmezoglu, C. Toprak, 1d, 23.iv.2003, E.A. Yagmur, 19, 09.vi.2003, E.A. Yagmur, 1 juv., 16.x.2003, E.A. Yagmur, 8. 10. Oguzeli District, Oguzeli Shooting Area, 12.iv.2003, E.A. Yagmur, S. Kesmezoglu, C. Toprak, 9. 19. Sahinbey District, Sehrekiistii Quarter, 09.vii.2003, E.A. Yagmur, 10. Karkamis District, Giirgay Village: 19, 1 juv., 04.x.2003, E.A. Yagmur, C. Toprak. 19, 02.xi.2003) E-A. YaSmur, C. Toprak, 11. 499; 2¢¢, 1 juv. Karkamis Distniet, Giirgay Village, 3 km south (sand factory). 04.x.2003. E.A. Yagmur. C. Toprak, 12. 19. Araban District, Hisar Village, 10.vi.2004. E.A. Yagmur, C. Toprak, 13. 19. Araban District, Center of Araban, 19.vi.2004, E.A. Yagmur, C. Toprak. 14. 329. Karkamis District, Ormetas Village, 25.ix.2004, E.A. Yagmur, C. Toprak, 15. 19, 1¢. Nizip District, Kirath Village. 10.x.2004, E.A. Yagmur, M. Ozkériik, 16. 1¢. Sahinbey District, Sarisalkim Village. 15.x.2006, E.A. Yagmur, 17. 1 juv. Nizip District, Bozcadag Hill, 06-vi.2007; 36°53"58"N, 37°42'18"B, EA’ Yaomur, EB. Koc, AV. ‘Gromov, 18. Igdir: 1 juv. Central District, 12" km of Dogu Beyazit Road. 04.vi.2004, M. Kesdek, 19. 19. Central District, Melekli Village, 04.vi.2004, 39°55'58"N, 44°08'01"E, H. Kog. A.V. Gromoy, 20. Kars: 1¢. Digor District, Halikislak Village. 03.vi.2004, M. Kesdek. 21. Kilis: 244, 19. Central District, Akinci Village, 28.v.2006, 36°41'N 37°15'E, E.A. Yagmur, M. Ozkoriik, 22. Mardin: 22. Central District. Eskikale Village. 04.viii.2007. 14 E.A. Yagmur, M. Yal¢in, 23. 19. Central District, Akinci Village, 08.viii.2006, E.A. Yagmur, 24. Siirt: 19, 1. Central District, Bostancik Village. 19.viii.2004,. M. Kesdek, 25. Sanhurfa: Central District. Horoz Village: 19. 19.11.2003. E.A. Yagmur. 29°. 344, 15.x.2005, E.A. Yagmur, 26. Harran District, Antique Harran University Ruins: 19,10, 3 juv., 12.v.2004, E.A. Yagmur, A. Akkaya, 29 9, 1¢, 06.v.2006, E.A. Yagmur. M.Z. Yildiz, 27. 399, 304, 1 juv. Central District, SaBlik Village, 15.v.2004, E.A. Yagmur, 28. 294. Ceylanpinar District, Evren Pasa Village, 01.iv.2006, C. Oney. 29. 1¢. Central District, Gazibey (Tekagac) Village. 10.v.2006, E.A. Yagmur, M.Z. Yildiz, 30. Suru¢ District, Asagi Kendirci (Miirsitpinar) Village: 19, 07.ix.2006, 1. Yagmur, 299.594, 15.viii.2006, I. Yagmur, 31. 19. Viransehir District, 27 km West of Viransehir, 23.v.2006, A. Avei, 32. 12, 1¢. Harran District, 2 km North-East of Suayipsehir Village, 06.v.2006, E.A. Yagmur, M.Z. Yildiz, 33. 19. Ceylanpinar District. Gellegé¢ Village, 20.v.2007, 36°58'24"N, 39°34'44"E, E.A. Yagmur, H. Koc, A.V. Gromov, 34. 1 juv. Birecik District, 10 km East of Birecik, 09.vi.2007, 37°03'23"N, 38°07'09"E, H. Koc, A.V. Gromov. 35. Sirnak: 1°. Idil District, Y6riik Village. 12.v.2007, E.A. Yagmur, H. Koc, M. Yal¢in. Literature records: 36. Adiyvaman: Cukurtas Village (20 km N of Kahta), 37. Anh Village (between Kahta and Adiyaman) (Crucitti & Cicuzza, 2000; Crucitti & Vignoli, 2002), 38. Batman: Gerciis (Yesilyurt, 2005), 39. Elazig: Palu (Vachon, 1951), 40. Mardin: Deyrulzafaran Monastery (Eskikale Village). 41. Giingéren (Mar Gabriel Monastery, 21 km SE of Midyat) (Crucitti & Cicuzza, 2000; Crucitti & Vignoli, 2002), 42. Nusaybin (Yesilyurt, 2005), 43. Sanhurfa: Kisas, 44. Harran (Crucitti & Cicuzza, 2000; Crucitti & Vignoli, 2002), 45. Aralik (In the paper as Kuljp) (Birula, 1904). Fig. |. Androctonus crassicauda from Turkey. Fig. 2. Buthacus macrocentrus from Turkey. Comments: 4. crassicauda (Fig. 1) has been recorded from Armenia, Azerbaijan. Bahrain, Egypt (Sinai), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey. United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Fet & Lowe, 2000; Hendrixson, 2006). In Turkey, it was previously recorded from Aralik (Igdir) (Birula, 1904), Diyarbakir (Vachon. 1947), Elazig (Palu), Malatya, Mardin, Sanhurfa (Vachon, 1951), icel (Tolunay. 1959), Adiyaman (Crucitti, 1999; Crucitti & Cicuzza, 2001), Kilis (Karatas. 2001: Yagmur ef al., 2007), Gaziantep (Yagmur, 2005), Batman (Yesilyurt, 2005). In the present study, the distribution of A. crassicauda in Adiyaman, Batman, Diyarbakir, Gaziantep, Idir, Kilis, Mardin and Sanliurfa Province is confirmed and it is recorded from Kars. Siirt. Sirnak for the first time (Fig. 3). But, we could not confirm the records in Elazig@ (Palu), Malatya (Vachon, 1951), or I¢el (Tolunay, 1959). All of our records show that A. crassicauda is generally recorded from arid and hot areas and is distributed in South-East Turkey. especially the south of South-East Anatolia Taurus. Furthermore, 15 we have not been able to find any specimen from Eastern Mediterranean Area. Hence. we think that the record of I¢el (Tolunay. 1959) is doubtful. The sampling localities plotted on the map given by Vachon (1951) are not clear. All of our records. except Igdir and Kars records. are from South-East Anatolia and we could not find any specimen from the north of the South-East Anatolia Taurus that includes Elazig and Malatya. Except these records. our localities concur with those of Vachon (1951). Furthermore. the records of A. crassicauda from Igdir and Kars, taking in consideration that it is already known from Armenia. Azerbaijan and Iran (Fet & Lowe, 2000), suggests that the distribution of A. crassicauda in East of Turkey is a continuation of other known distribution records. Sieh 36° avi 38° 39° 40° 41° 42’ 43° 44 45° Fig. 3. Sampling localities of Androctonus crassicauda in Turkey. Circles [1-35]: new findings; Squares [38, 42] (Yesilyurt, 2005); Triangles [36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 44] (Crucitti & Cicuzza, 2000: Crucitti & Vignoli, 2002); Star [39] (Vachon, 1951); Pentagon [45] (Birula, 1904). Buthacus macrocentrus (Ehrenberg, 1828) Androctonus (Leiurus) macrocentrus Ehrenberg, 1828 Type Locality: Sinai, Egypt. Buthacus macrocentrus Kovartik, 2005 Synonyms: Androctonus (Leiurus) macrocentrus Ehrenberg in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828 Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912 Material examined: 1. Sanhurfa: 1199, 72. 2 juv. Harran District, Antique Harran University Ruins, 06.v.2006, E.A. Yagmur, M.Z. Yildiz, 2. 622, 4¢.¢. Birecik District, Cicekalan Village, 11.v.2006, E.A. Yagmur. M.Z. Yildiz, 3. 1¢@. Birecik District, Kérkiin Village, 23.v.2007, E.A. YagZmur, H. Koc, A.V. Gromov. Literature records: 4. Sanhurfa: Harran (Crucitti & Vignoli, 2002). Comments: B. macrocentrus (Fig. 2) has a widespread distribution in Bahrain, Egypt?. Iran, Iraq. Israel, Jordan, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia. Syria and United Arab Emirates (Fet & Lowe, 2000: Kovarik. 2005: Lourengo. 2006). In Turkey. it was recorded by Crucitti & Vignoli (2002) from only one locality. Sanliurfa Province (Antique Harran University Ruins in Harran district). In this study. it is recorded from three localities. It is 16 recorded from Harran District (the same locality of the first record) and two villages in Birecik District in Sanliurfa Province (Fig. 4). These records show that B. macrocentrus is probably more abundant along the Turkish-Syrian Border. 5 S25 <0 36 39° ~ =) Fig. 4. Sampling localities of Buthacus macrocentrus in Turkey. Circles [1-3]: new findings; Triangle [4] (Crucitti & Vignoli, 2002). Acknowledgments We wish to thank Alexander V. Gromov (Institute of Zoology, Almaty, Kazakhstan), Halil Kog, M. Ziilfii Yildiz (Department of Biology, Ege University), Selda Kesmezoglu (Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University), Abdulmuttalip Akaya (Department of Biology, Uludag University), Ekber Ulupinar, Ahmet Kiirsat, Nesrin Askin (Department of Biology, Gaziantep University), Cemali Toprak, Mehmet Ozkériik for their help in field trips; Prof. Dr. Saadet Saygideger (Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey) for providing equipments; Aziz Avci (Department of Biology, Adnan Menderes University), Memis Kesdek (Agriculture District Directorate, Kéycegiz, Mugla), Ismail Yagmur (Hospital of Harran University, Sanliurfa) and Erol Yagmur for providing specimens; and Kadir Bogag Kunt (Turkish Arachnological Society, Ankara) for correcting the manuscript. References Birula, A.A. 1904. Miscellanea scorpiologica V1. Ueber einige Buthus-Arten Centralasiens nebst ihrer geographischen Verbreitung. Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Petersbourg (1904): 1-19. Crucitti, P. 1999. The scorpions of Anatolia: Bio-geographical patterns. Biogeographica, 20: 81- 94. Crucitti, P. & Cicuzza, D. 2000. Gli Scorpioni del Parco Nazionale del Monte Nemrut (Turchia sud-orientale) (Scorpiones). Mem. Soc. entomol. ital., 78(2): 275-294. Crucitti, P. & Cicuzza, D. 2001. Scorpions of Anatolia: ecological patterns. pp. 225-234. In: V. Fet & P.A. Selden (eds.), Scorpions 2001, In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society. Burnham Beeches. Bucks. Crucitti, P. & Vignoli, V. 2002. Gli scorpioni (Scorpiones) dell’ Anatolia sud-orientale (Turchia). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze naturali, Vorino, 19(2): 433-480. Fet. V. & Lowe. G. 2000. Family Buthidae. pp. 54-286. In: Fet, V., Sissom. W.D., Lowe, G. & Braunwalder. M.E. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758-1998). The New York Entomological Society, New York, 690 pp. Hendrixson, B.E. 2006. Buthid scorpions of Saudi Arabia, with notes on other families (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Liochelidae, Scorpionidae). Fauna of Arabia, 21: 33-120. Karatas, A. 2001. Dogu Akdeniz Akrep (Scorpiones) Faunasi. Ege Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitiisti, Doktora Tezi, 93s., Izmir. Kovarik. F. 2005. Taxonomic position of species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 Described by Ehrenberg and Louren¢go, and description of a new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 28: \—13. Lourengo, W.R. 2005. Nouvelles considérations taxonomiques sur les especes du genre Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 et description de deux nouvelles especes (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Rev. Suisse de Zool., 112(1), 145-171. Lourengo, W.R. 2006. Further considerations on the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones, Buthidae), with a description of one new species and two new subspecies. Boln. S.E.A., 38: 59- 70. Lourengo, W.R. & Qi, J.-X. 2006a. A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Afghanistan (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoology in the Middle East. 38: 93-98. Lourengo, W.R. & Qi, J.-X. 2006b. A new species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones, Buthidae), from Pakistan. Boln. S.E.A., 39: 161-164. Lourengo, W.R. & Qi, J.-X. 2007. A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Mauritania (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Boln. S.E_A., 40: 215-219. Tolunay, M.A. 1959. Zur Verbreitung der Skorpione in der Tiirkei. Zeitschrift fiir angewandte Entomologie, 43(4): 366-370. Vachon, M. 1947. Repartition et origine des scorpions de Turquie, C. R. Société de Biogéographie, 206(3): 26-29. Vachon, M. 1951. A propos de quelques Scorpions de Turquie collectés par M. le Professeur Dr. Curt Kosswig. - Prof. Kosswig tarafindan Tiirkiyede toplanan akrepler hakkinda. /stanbul Universitesi Fen Fakiiltesi Mecmuasi, B, 16(4): 341-344. Yagmur, E.A. 2005. Gaziantep Akrepleri (Ordo: Scorpiones) ve Zoocografik Dagilislari. Gaziantep Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitiisii, Yiiksek Lisans Tezi. Gaziantep. 136 s. Yagmur E.A., Kog H., Kesmezoglu S., Yalg¢in M. 2007. Scorpions of Kilis Province, Turkey (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Serket. 10(3): 91-105. Yesilyurt, F. 2005. Anadolu'daki Bazi Akreplerin Sistematigi ve Biyoekolojisi (Arachnida: Scorpionida). Kirikkale Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitiisii, Yiiksek Lisans Tezi. Kirikkale. 80s. 18 Serket (2008) vol. 11(1): 19-22. Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841) (Araneae: Hahniidae), a new record of a comb-tailed spider from Turkey Kadir Bogac Kunt ', Ersen Aydin Yagmur * & Volkan Ulgezer ° ‘Turkish Arachnological Society, Comnples of Eserkoy, 9/A, No. 7, TR-06350, Umitkéy, Ankara, Turkey * Ege University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Zoology Section, TR-35100 izmir, Turkey * University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Arts and Science, Biology Department, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: kbkunt@gmail.com Abstract Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841) is recorded for the first time from Turkey. The characteristic features and female genitalia drawing are presented. in addition to the geographical distribution of the species. Keywords: Araneae, Hahniidae, Antistea elegans, Turkey. Introduction The comb-tailed spiders or dwarf sheet spiders (Family Hahniidae Bertkau, 1878) are small spiders: their bodies are about 2-3 mm in length. They build extremely delicate webs in the form of a sheet, and unlike many spiders, such as agelenids. the web does not lead to a retreat. The silk used in these webs is so fine that they are difficult to spot unless they are coated with dew. They greatly favour locations near water or near moss, and are often found in leaf litter and detritus or on the leaves of shrubs and trees (Murphy & Murphy, 2000). The median pair of spinnerets is composed of one-segment, corresponding to the posterior median spinnerets of other spiders. While, both the intermediate and the lateral pairs of spinnerets are composed of two segments, corresponding to the anterior median and the posterior lateral spinnerets of other spiders, respectively (Opell & Beatty, 1976). The lateral spinnerets are the longest ones and the median spinnerets are the shortest ones. There are three serrate claws on each leg without claw tufts. Most comb-tailed spiders dwell under stones, in leaf litter, mosses, and soil crevices on the ground, or even under a moss-covered tree bark where they build delicate sheet webs and mainly feed on springtails (Collembola) (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995). Until now. 236 comb-tailed spider species belong to 26 genera have been described in the world (Platnick. 2008). However. only four species of the same genus were recorded from Turkey by some European arachnologists (Topgu es al., 2005): Cryphoeca brignolii Thaler. 1980, C. pirini (Drensky. 1921). C. silvicola (C.L. Koch, 1834) and C. thaleri Wunderlich. 1995. In this brief paper. we report Antistea elegans (Blackwall. 1841) as a new spider record for the Turkish araneofauna. Material and Methods Two females of Antistea elegans were examined in this study. The specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the museum of the Turkish Arachnological Society (MTAS-TURKEY). The identification was made by means of a SMZI10A Nikon stereo microscope with camera lucida using the key of Heimer & Nentwig (1991). All measurements are in millimetres. Results Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841) Material examined: 12 (MTAS/Hah: 0001), Oguz Village, (37°48'47.16"N. 41°23'1.68"E, Batman province), 01.1X.2007. found under a stone, in detritus; 19 (MTAS/Hah: 0002), Polateli road, (36°46'06.0"N, 37°04'17.1"E, Kailis province), 01 111.2008, found under a stone, in detritus (Fig. 1). ihr dae dang iit asl Fig. 1: Sampling localities of Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841) in Turkey (circle @: Batman Province, square @: Kilis Province). Description: Body length, 2.76 (2.52-3.01). Prosoma yellowish brown, with faint blackish radiating lines; cephalic region obviously narrower. There are 9-11 conspicuous black bristles with fovea in the midst of the ocular area. Sternum yellowish, heart-shaped. with marginal black spots. Labium and maxillae colour as prosoma. Ocular region with numerous bristles. Opisthosoma greyish-brown, with black bristles. Legs yellowish- brown. Legs measurements as in Table (1). Epigynum heart-shaped with large copulatory openings (Fig. 2). 20 Table 1: Legs measurements of Y Antistea elegans collected in Turkey. Leg (n=2) Femur Patella+ Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total | 0.84 0.99 0.60 ().46 2.89 I 0.84 0.98 0.60 0.46 Nee ll 0.76 0.90 0.72 0.48 2.86 IV 0.79 1.15 0.93 0.57 3.44 Af FPN OGD ~~ / SS O. 2 70. Fig. 2: Female epigynum, ventral view. Distribution: Hungary (Chyzer & Kulezynski, 1897), France (Simon, 1937), Bulgaria (Drensky, 1942), Germany (Harm, 1966), Norway (Waaler, 1971), Central Europe (Heimer & Nentwig, 1991), Northern England (Downie e/ al., 1995), Russia (Mikhailov, 1996), Romania (Weiss & Petrisor, 1999), Portugal (Cardoso, 2000), Spain (Melic, 2000), Eastern Poland (Stanska ef al., 2000), Macedonia (Blagoev, 2002), Czech Republic (Buchar & RU&zitka, 2002), Finland (Koponen, 2002), Sweden (Almquist. 2005), Latvia (Spudgis ef al., 2005), Italy (Trotta, 2005), Netherland and Belgium (Vanuytven, 2006), Denmark (Scharff & Gudik-Sorensen, 2008), Japan (Tanikawa, 2008). Acknowledgments We are extremely indebted to Dr. Yuri Marusik (Magadan, Russia) for his valuable comments. We are also indebted to Ekber Ulupinar (Gaziantep, Turkey) and Ahmet Bozardi¢ (Gaziantep, Turkey) for their help during the field trips. References Almquist, S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). /nsect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 62: 1-284. Barrion, A.T. & Litsinger, J.A. 1995. Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, xix + 700 pp + xvi plates. Blagoev, G.A. 2002. Check List of Macedonian Spiders (Araneae). Acta zool. bulg., 54(3): 9-34. Buchar, J. & R&ziéka, V. 2002. Catalogue of spiders of the Czech Republic. Prague, 351 pp. Cardoso, P. 2000. Portuguese spiders (Araneae): a preliminary checklist. Eko/ogica (Bratislava). 19, sup]. 3:19-29. Chyzer. C. & Kulezynski. W. 1897. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 2: 151-366. Downie. I.S. Butterfield. J.E.L. & Coulson. J.C. 1995. Habitat Preferences of Sub-Montane Spiders in Northern England. Ecography, 18. 1: 51-61. Drensky, P. 1942. Die Spinnenfauna Bulgariens. V. Mitt. kg/. Naturw. Inst. Sofia, 15: 33-60. Harm, M. 1966. Die deutschen Hahniidae (Arach., Araneae). Senckenberg. biol. 47: 345-370. Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. Koponen, S. 2002. Ground-Living Spiders in Bogs in Northern Europe. J. Arachnol., 30:262-267. Melic. A. 2000. Aranas de Aragon (Arachnida: Araneae). Cat. Entomofauna aragon., 22: 3-40. Mikhailov, K.G. 1996. A checklist of the spiders of Russia and other territories of the former USSR. Arthropoda Selecta, 5(1/2): 75-137. Murphy, F. & Murphy, J. 2000. An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 624 pp. + 32 plates. Opell, B.D. & Beatty, J.A. 1976. The Nearctic Hahniidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv, 147: 393-433. Platnick, N.I. 2008. The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History. online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Scharff, N. & Gudik-Sorensen, O. 2008. Checklist of Danish Spiders (Araneae). Version 06-03- 2008, Online at http://www.zmuc.dk/entoweb/arachnology/dkchecklist.htm. Simon, E. 1937. Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espéces Jrangaises de l'ordre des Araneae; Se et derniére partie. Paris, 6: 979-1298. Spuogis, V., Biteniekyté, M. & Rélys, V. 2005. The first year spider (Arachnida: Araneae) community in a burned area of Sudas bog in Latvia. Eko/ogija, 1: 43-50. Stanska, M., Hajdamowicz, |. & Zabka M. 2002. Epigeic spiders of alder swamp forests in Eastern Poland. European Arachnology 2000, Proceedings of the 19th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Arhus, Denmark (S. Toft & N. Scharff eds.): 191-197. Tanikawa, A. 2008. 4 Check List of Japanese Spiders. ver. 2008R, online at www.asahi- net.or.jp/~dp7a-tnkw/japanR TF .rtf Topgu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serkez, 9(4): 109-140. Trotta, A. 2005. Introduzione al ragni italiani (Arachnida Araneae). Memorie Soc. entomol. ital. 83: 3-178. Vanuytven, H. 2006. Checklist of Belgian and Dutch Spiders. Arachnological Society of Belgium, Version 20-03-2006, online at http://www.arabel.ugent.be/BelgianSpiders.htm] Waaler, P.F. 1971. Spiders New to Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr., 18, 1: 18-23. Weiss, |. & Petrisor, A. 1999. List of the spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Romania. 7rav. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 41: 79-107. Serket (2008) vol. 11(1): 23-36. Review of the Oonopidae of Egypt (Arachnida: Araneae) Hisham K. El-Hennawy 4] El-Manteqga E]-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract Eight species of seven genera of family Oonopidae are recorded from Egypt. A key to genera and species and a distribution map of the species in Egypt are included. Ischnothyreus velox Jackson, 1908 is recorded from Egypt for the first time. Gamasomorpha margaritae is transferred to Opopaea margaritae (Denis, 1947) comb. n. Keywords: Araneae, Spiders, Oonopidae, Egypt. Introduction Family Oonopidae Simon, 1890 (Goblin or dwarf hunting/armoured spiders) is a family of tiny (total length mostly <4 mm) haplogyne spiders which are free-living and mostly ground dwelling creatures. Simon (1893a) divided Oonopidae into two sections, Oonopidae molles (7 genera) and Oonopidae loricatae (11 genera). The most recent catalogue of spiders reports more than four times of that number of genera. Now, Oonopidae includes 491 worldwide distributed species of 73 genera, i.e. 1.23% of all described spider species and 1.98% of spider genera (Platnick, 2008). The number of described oonopid species and genera is considerably enlarged during the twentieth century. But, during the last ten years (1998-2007), only 28 taxonomical references dealt with Oonopidae out of more than 1900 references dealt with all spider families (Platnick, 2008). Seven of these references carried the name of Saaristo who studied and described several new species of this family. His works elucidate that “only a small fraction of the species of this family has been discovered and described” (Saaristo, 2007). It is necessary to review the oonopid fauna of every country to put the base line before the start of larger studies in this country and in the world, such as the Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI) of the goblin spider family Oonopidae (http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae/ index.php). "For about eleven weeks between the middle of January and the middle of April 1864". the Reverend Octavius Pickard-Cambridge visited Egypt and collected spiders during his travel from Alexandria on the Mediterranean Sea to Aswan in the south of Egypt (Parker, 1991). Among the specimens collected by Cambridge, there were a few oonopid spiders. He described Oonops scutatus and Oonops pauper as two new species from Alexandria (Cambridge. 1876). This record was the first one of oonopid spiders from Egypt. In 1882. Eugene Simon described Sa/sula longipes as a new genus and species from Alexandria (Simon. 1882). It became a synonym of Cambridge’s Oonops pauper. Talking about Orchestina pavesii. Simon (1890) said: "I discovered this species in Corsica and | found it again later in Algeria and in Egypt". A few years later, Simon (1893b) described Gamasomorpha arabica trom Ain Mouga near Suez. Also, in his Catalogue of North African arachnids, he recorded Opopaea punciata (O. P.-Cambridge. 1872) from Alexandria and Ain Musa (Simon, 1910). After 37 years, Jacques Denis (1947) described Gamasomorpha margaritae from Siwa in the western desert of Egypt. Ovobulbus bokerella, the most recent oonopid species was described 60 years later by Saaristo (2007) from Sinai. The most recent list of Egyptian spiders included only 5 species of 4 genera of Oonopidae (El-Hennawy, 2006). In the present work, an old neglected record is noticed with the record of another species and genus for the first time from Egypt. Now, the known oonopids of Egypt are 8 species of 7 genera. A key to differentiate among the genera and species of Oonopidae recorded from Egypt is prepared. The photographs of four species and a distribution map of the oonopids recorded from Egypt are included (Map 1). Methods The examined material is mentioned in detail with the note about or the description of the related species. The examined specimens are deposited in the Arachnid Collection of Egypt (ACE). The used abbreviations and measurements order are according to Saaristo (2007). All measurements are in millimetres. Abbreviations used: ACE = Arachnid Collection of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt: AL = Length of abdomen; AW = Width of abdomen: CH = Carapace height: CHI = Ratio of carapace height to length: CI = Ratio of carapace width to length; CL = Carapace length: CW = Carapace width; D = Description; Fel = Ratio of femur IV length to carapace length: FelV = Femur IV length; LLI = Ratio of tibia I length to carapace length; N = Note; Til = Tibia I length: TL = Total length. The Oonopidae of Egypt Genus Dysderina Simon, 1891 e 44 species, from: Central and South America. Africa, and Philippines (Platnick, 2008). In 1891, Simon established genus Dysderina and described Dysderina princeps Simon, 1891 as new species from St. Vincent. Two years later, he transferred 7 species from Oonops to Dysderina (Simon, 1893a): i.e. D. scutata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) from Egypt, D. globosa (Keyserling, 1877), D. desultrix (Keyserling, 1881), D. machinator (Keyserling, 1881), D. principalis (Keyserling. 1881) [Type species]. D. propinqua (Keyserling. 1881), and D. similis (Keyserling. 1881) from Colombia and Peru. He also divided the genus into two groups according to eyes arrangement and male palpal organ structure (Simon, 1893a: p.304). In the same year, he described two new species, D. bimucronata and D. purpurea, from Philippines (Simon, 1893c). The same author described 4 new species, i.e. D. capensis, D. keyserlingi, D. speculifera, and D. sublaevis, from South Africa, Brazil, and Algeria (Simon, 1907). He and Fage (Simon & Fage, 1922, Fage & Simon, 1936) described 3 other new species from Kenya and East Africa, 1.e. D. granulosa Simon & Fage, 1922. D. perarmata Fage & Simon, 1936, and D. straba Fage, 1936. The other 27 described species of this genus were mostly found in the New World (Platnick, 2008). The majority of these species. 21. were described by Chickering (1951. 1968) from Panama and Central America. Hence. the distribution of the known Dysderina species extends from Central and South America to Africa (North. East. and South), and Philippines. Dysderina scutata (O. P.-Cambridge. 1876) Figs. 1-8. Oonops scutatus O. P.-Cambridge, 1876: 547-549, pl. 58. f. 2A (D@). Under stones, near Alexandria (31°12'N 29°54'E), 1¢ 299. April 1864, by O. P.-Cambridge (Deposited in Oxford University Museum of Natural History, U.K. (OQUMNH)). D. s. Simon, 1893a: 304. D. s. Simon, 1910: 310 (N) Alexandria. 5 Figs. 1-8. Dysderina scutata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) Figs. 1-6. 7. 1. dorsal view. 2. ventral view. 3. dorsal view of cephalothorax and first legs showing their spination. 4. eyes. 5. right palp, prolateral view. 6. right palp. retrolateral view. Figs. 7-8. Y. 7. dorsal view. 8. abdomen ventral view, showing epigynal area. 25 World distribution: Egypt. Material examined. Egypt. El-Faryum (29°31'N 30°84'E), 12, February 2002. Citrus orchard and Sohag (26°55'N 31°69'E), 2¢¢192. March 2002, Mango orchard, by M. Mohafez (ACE 20020200.01. 20020300.01-03). Description (Extracted. with modifications, from Cambridge. 1876). ' TL 1% line [= 2.65 mm]. The cephalothorax is oval. strongly constricted laterally at the caput [cephalic part]: the thoracic junctional point is (looked at in profile) of an angular form, and elevated above the level of the rest of the cephalothorax, the hinder slope being abrupt: it is of a bright orange-brown colour: and the sides and hinder part are thickly covered with minute tubercles or granulosities, which in some positions assume the appearance of punctures. The eyes are large, six in number, closely grouped together, and occupy nearly the whole of the upperside of the fore extremity of the caput, where they form a quadrilateral figure whose foremost side is considerably shorter than the hinder one; they do not differ much in size, and are all of a more or less oval shape; those of the hind central pair are closely contiguous to each other, their sides of contact being flattened and so closely joined as almost to conceal the junction. The eyes of each lateral pair are very near together, but not quite contiguous to each other, each fore lateral eye being also equally close to the hind central eye on its side, and each hind lateral eye still closer (almost contiguous) to the hind central nearest to it; the interval between those of the front row (or the fore laterals) is about equal to their longest diameter: the height of the clypeus, which projects a little at its lower margin, is rather less than half that of the facial space. The /egs are moderately long and strong, of a lightish orange-yellow colour: and their relative length appeared to be 4, 1, 2, 3: the femora are the strongest. especially at their posterior extremities, which are abruptly enlarged on the upperside close to the articulation, but run evenly thence to the anterior extremities: they are furnished, but not very thickly. with hairs: the tibiae and metatarsi of the first and second pairs arc armed beneath with a double series of long and strong sessile spines: the other two pairs of legs have bristles (or very slender spines) in a similar situation; each tarsus terminates with two curved claws springing from a distinct supernumerary claw- (or heel) joint. The palpi are short and not very strong; their colour is yellow, paler than that of the legs; and they are furnished with hairs and bristles: the cubital and radial joints are short, the former is bent downwards. the latter is rather the longest and strongest: the digital joint is narrow, tapering from the middle to the fore extremity, and no broader than, but almost double as long as, the radial: the palpal organs consist of a very large and prominent oval yellowish lobe with a largish curved, pale brownish yellow. pointed process at its anterior extremity. The falces |chelicerae] are moderately long. but not very strong, directed backwards towards the labium. furnished in front with bristly hairs. and similar in colour to the cephalothorax. The maxillae and labium are of normal form, the latter being rather large: these parts, with the s/ernum, are similar to the legs in colour. The abdomen is of an oval form, moderately convex above. and covered both above and below with a bright reddish yellow-brown somewhat corneous scutum, the approximate edges, according as they are more or less separated, showing a greater or less interval of pale yellowish membranous integument; the spiracular plates are continuous with each other, and, extending forwards, cover the pedicle by which the abdomen is connected with the cephalothorax; this pedicle is longer and more distinctly developed than in most other spiders: the upper scutum is very highly polished and glossy. and it is thinly but evenly covered with minute tubercles, each of which supports a fine bristly hair: the spinners are short and inconspicuous; they are enclosed below by a narrow reddish yellow-brown semicircular band of a similar nature to the scutum with which the abdomen is covered. 26 When the edges of the upper and lower scutum are brought together. they enclose and conceal the spinners. The spiracular openings are four in number, the two extra ones being smaller than the others and situated one close behind each of the two ordinary openings. Note. The description, in detail, of Cambridge (1876) is enough. Only. measurements of male and female are added, in addition to pictures of them and their genitalia (Figs 1-8.) Measurements. ¢: TL 1.80, CL 0.79, CW 0.64. CH 0.53, AL 1.01, AW 0.69, Til 0.64, Feny0: 74, Cl 08, CHI 0:67, LLI 0:8, Fel 0.93; 9: TL 2.07, CL 0:85, CW 0.69, CH'0.53, Pies, AW 0.79, Til 0.53, FelV 0.69, CI 0.81, CHI 0.62, LLI 0.62, Fel 0.81. Genus Gamasomorpha Karsch, 1881 e 57 species, from: USA, Central and South America, Africa, Middle East, Asia, and Australia (Platnick, 2008). Gamasomorpha arabica Simon, 1893 G. a. Simon, 1893b: 302-303 (D¢). Ain Mouga, near Suez (28°33'N 33°5S5'E). G. a. Simon, 1910: 309 (N). Ain Mouca., near Suez. World distribution: Middle East. Description (Translation of Simon, 1893b). ¢ TL 2 mm. — Cephalothorax oval, slightly convex, dark red, longitudinally diluted in middle, with subtle but thick skin-shrivelled and sparse thick white hairs on both sides. Posterior eyes row strongly recurved, medians distinctly separated from laterals. Anterior eyes with at least eye diameter distance between them. Abdominal scuta and sternum dark red, with dense and thin skin-shrivelled and greyish-white slanting slightly lanceolate hairs. Legs short, robust, yellowish-red. Pedipalps yellow, femur robust, patella and tibia subequally short, tarsus narrowly oval, bulb insignificantly cylindrical, lobe about equal length, fortified by a bended spine. Genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 e 19 species, from: Yemen, Seychelles, South East Asia, Pacific islands, USA, Central America, St. Helena, and Europe (introduced) (Platnick, 2008). Ischnothyreus velox Jackson, 1908 Figs. 9-16. I. vy. Jackson, 1908: 51, pl. 4, f. 9-13 (DQ). [Not seen] Ly. Bristowe, 1948: 890, f. 1, 15-20 (¢ 9). Lv. Locket & Millidge, 1951: 76, f. 33C, 35A, 37A, 38C, E (3). 1. v. Saaristo, 2001: 347, f. 146B, 151, 155B (¢Q). [Not seen] World distribution: Seychelles, Europe (introduced), Egypt [NEW RECORD]. Material examined. Egypt. Cairo, Bab El-Khalq (30°02'44"N 31°1S'09"E), 1¢19, 22 July 1999, 10:15 pm, jumping on the floor, inside the building of the Criminal Investigation Laboratory, by H. El-Hennawy (ACE 19990722.01-02). Description. @ Colour yellowish-brown. Cephalothorax darker than abdomen and legs (yellow). A few hairs on clypeus and in the middle of carapace. Cephalothorax oval with cephalic area forwards protruding. with two oblong, pear-shaped, figures behind the ocular area until the middle of the cephalothorax. Abdomen covered by sparse hairs. Dorsal scutum greyish brown covers 88% of the abdomen. Ventral scutum small, light 27 vellow. covering only 69% of the area. Palps dark brown. Spination of legs: Femur | with | prolateral row of 2 spines. Femur II] with | prolateral spine, Tibiae J. I] with 1 prolateral + 1 ventral rows each of 4 spines. Metatarsi J. I] with 1 prolateral + 1 ventral rows each of 2 spines. Other legs only with sparse hairs. Similar to male. without the two oblong, pear-shaped, figures of the cephalic area. Dorsal scutum only covers 78% of the median area of the abdomen and ventral scutum covers only 39% of the ventral side. Measurements. ¢: TL 1.59, CL 0.79, CW 0.64, CH 0.48, AL 0.79, AW 0.42, Til 0.53. FelV 0.66, CI 0.8, CHI 0:6; LLI0:33, Fel 0833-22 Rea nGl0) 90 CWiO 5S acreren. AL ‘0:95; AW 0:58, Til 0.58; FelV 0:79, Ch0:73-CHN0:472 FE Osh Hele 0: Figs. 9-16. Ischnothyreus velox Jackson, 1908 Figs. 9-13. ¢. 9. dorsal view. 10. ventral view. 11. right palp, prolateral view. 12. right palp, retrolateral view. 13. eyes. Figs. 14-16. 9. 14. dorsal view. 15. ventral view. 16. epigynal area. Genus Opopaea Simon, 1891 e 45 species, from: Americas, Africa, Middle East, Asia, and Australia (Platnick, 2008). Opopaea margaritae (Denis, 1947) [NEW COMBINATION] Bie. i Gamasomorpha m. Denis, 1947: 83, pl. IV, f. 13-15 (DQ). Siwa (29°20'N 25°52'E), 19. 27 August 1935. (Deposited in the Natural History Museum of London, U.K. (BMNH)). World distribution: Egypt. Description (Extracted. with modifications. from Denis. 1947). 28 2 TL 1.3 mm. Cephalothorax orange-yellow. very slightly striated on its sides: wider behind than in front: wider at the level of coxae I] and towards coxae III: rather thick and flat. but abruptly sloping behind (as in G. kulcezynskii Berland): clypeus very narrow. equalling the third part of an anterior eye. anterior eyes not quite their radius apart. slightly larger than the median ones; the postero-lateral ones the smallest. Sternum rather like G. kulezynskii, but its hind part more square. less lengthened: yellow with sunk points; maxillae more rounded than in kulczynskii. Palp and legs yellow with red articulations. Abdominal scuta orange-yellow, the posterior one annular, very pale, scarcely visible. Note. The description of Gamasomorpha margaritae by Denis (1947) is very brief. His drawing of its cephalothorax (pl. IV. f. 13) (Fig. 17), its width and the ocular arrangement, suggests that it belongs to genus Opopaea instead of Gamasomorpha. This concurs with the discussions of Brignoli (1974 and 1975) who transferred Gamasomorpha_ kulczynskii to genus Opopaea (Brignoli, 1975). Fig. 17. Opopaea margaritae (Denis, 1947) & cephalothorax, dorsal view. (After Denis, 1947: pl. IV, f. 13) Opopaea punctata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Fig. 18. Oonops punctatus O. P.-Cambridge, 1872: 223-224, pl. 14, f. 3A (Dé). 1¢. "was found under a stone on a wall close to Hasbeiya" (Hassbaya, south of Lebanon (Assi, 1982)). O. p. Simon, 1910: 309. (N) Alexandria (31°12'N 29°54'E), Ain Mouga (28°33'N 33°55'E). O. p. Brignoli, 1975: 224, f. 1-4 (2). O. p. fissi, 1982-87, f. 1:(). O. p. Saaristo, 2007: 133, f. 70-78 (3). World distribution: Egypt, Lebanon, Israel, doubtfully pantropical. Fig. 18. Opopaea punctata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) [70. @, right palp laterally. 73. 9, epigastric area.| (After Saaristo, 2007) Opopaea sp. Figs. 19-26. Material examined. Egypt, Cairo, Bab El-Khalq (30°02'44"N 31°15'09"E), 19, 2 October 1997, inside the building of the Criminal Investigation Laboratory, by H. El- Hennawy (ACE 19971002.01). Egypt. Sallant near El-Mansura (31°10'N 31°3S'E), 1. 28 March 2003. in a cultivated field. by H. El-Hennawy (ACE 20030328.01). Note. Despite of the fact that descriptions of Cambridge (1872). Brignoli (1975). Assi (1982). and Saaristo (2007) are sufficient for the identification of Opopaea punctata, the two studied Egyptian specimens may belong to this species or not. but at least they belong to genus Opopaea. The measurements of the studied male and female specimen are included for comparison with other material. Measurements. ¢ (Sallant): TL 1.43, CL 0.58. CW 0.48. CH 0.37, AL 0.85. AW 0.53. lil 0:21, FelV.0:42,.Cl 0.:82,:CHIV0:64;, EL1.0.36, Fel 37, On Cairo) seer Oks CW 0.40, CH 0.26, AL.0.79, AW 0:53;-TaL0:18RelV.0:377 C0: 75 2CHE Oise Lia Oss: Fel) 0:7. 19 24 25 o = 26 Figs. 19-26. Opopaea sp. Figs. 19-23. ¢ (Sallant). 19. dorsal view. 20. ventral view. 21. eyes. 22. right palp, prolateral view. 23. right palp, retrolateral view. Figs. 24-26. 9 (Cairo). 24. dorsal view. 25. ventral view. 26. epigynal area. Genus Orchestina Simon. 1882 e 43 species, from Africa, Israel, Yemen, Socotra, Seychelles, South East Asia, Philippines, Tasmania, Samoa, USA, Venezuela, Europe. and Canary Is. (Platnick, 2008). Orchestina pavesii (Simon, 1873) Hie. 27. Schoenobates p. Simon, 1873: 45, pl. 1, f. 29-31 (D4). [Not seen] Q. p. Simon, 1882: 237 (N) Egypt [Orchestina = Schaenobates}. QO. p. Simon, 1890: 87 (N). O. p. Simon; 189347291. f. 25122532959: 265i): O. p. Melic, 1994: 114-116, f. 9-11 (49). O. p. Pekar & Gajdo§, 2001: 51, f. 1-4 (¢@). OQ. p. Saaristo & Marusik. 2004: 52. f. 10-15 (¢ 9). O, p. Saaristo, 2007: 125, f. 17, 19(¢Q). World distribution: Algeria. Egypt. Canary Is.. Yemen. Europe: Spain to Slovakia, Bulgaria. Note. This species is widely distributed in the world. It was recently recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula by Melic (1994) and from Slovakia by Pekar & Gajdos (2001). Despite of the fact that Simon (1890) said: "I discovered this species in Corsica and | found it again later in Algeria and in Egypt", Orchestina pavesii was not recorded from Egypt in his catalogue of North African arachnids (Simon, 1910) nor in subsequent catalogues. 17 ao Y | 4 —— — ee ‘ ee ‘ y \ / \ SS ORO Sa Sua 3 ra 3 ag \ Na awit See ‘ / \ \ J a “< } ie \ hn, ~ / a ~ Nie f ¢ % | / \ \ we y bee er a, tp See eR Ss ao =a ca gee ‘ ~ oa te gp et RSS Pas i) ea ‘4 ’ Lon TaN : en } J : VY 19 t Fig. 27. Orchestina pavesii (Simon, 1873) [17. @, right palp laterally. 19. 9, copulatory organ ventrally.] (After Saaristo, 2007) Orchestina sp. Figs. 28-32. 31 eee Figs. 28-32. Orchestina sp. ©. 28. dorsal view. 29-31. right palp. 29. prolateral view. 30. retrolateral view. 31. ventral view. 32. eyes. Material examined. Egypt. El-Faiyum, Ebshowai (29°37'N 30°68'E). 1¢. 19 January 2003, Mango orchard, by G. Sallam (ACE 20030119.01). 3] Note. This male of Ebshowai confirms the presence of, at least. genus Orchestina in Egypt. Measurements. ¢: TL 1.17. CL 0.53. CW 0.42, CH 0.26, AL 0.64, AW 0.53, Til 0.42. FelV O0:58sCh0.8, CHM SAL EDU Shek ie Genus Ovobulbus Saaristo. 2007 @ Only 3 species from the Middle East (Egypt and Israel) (Saaristo, 2007). Ovobulbus bokerella Saaristo, 2007 Fig.33: O. b. Saaristo, 2007: 126, f. 34-38 (DG). World distribution: Egypt, Israel. Note. Genus Ovobulbus is distinguished by the large, more or less egg-shaped bulbus of the male palp bearing a long and narrow psembolus (= trunk-like. sometimes even filamentous, outgrowth of the bulbus) on its lateral face; cymbium and bulbus separate. Only 1¢ was collected from Egypt. Sinai, Wadi Ara'am, 23 January 1969, by S. Reichenstein (Deposited in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, HUJ 15311) (Saaristo, 2007). a) ee Ha ee or ae N ss be. jigs /A B \ \ / ieee ye 4 \ P see 35 / / | \ aa JU iA \ [i x / Ne | } \ { sx f N Ve Ne / } \ a s ae ( j aN — PA <4 Ae Fig. 33. Ovobulbus bokerella Saaristo, 2007 [. 34. right palp laterally (A) and mesially (B). 35. eyes dorsally.] (After Saaristo, 2007) Genus Sulsula Simon, 1882 e@ Only 2 species, S. pauper (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) from Algeria and Egypt and S. parvimana (Simon, 1910) from Namibia (Platnick, 2008). Sulsula pauper (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) Oonops p. O. P.-Cambridge, 1876: 549-550 (D@). Alexandria (31°12'N 29°54'E), under a stone, 1, April 1864, by O. P.-Cambridge (Deposited in Oxford University Museum of Natural History, U.K. (QUMNH)). S. longipes Simon, 1882: 237. 14 Ramleh, near Alexandria (31°14'N 29°58'E), by M.A. Letourneux. Salsula longipes Simon, 1893a: 291. Salsula pauper Simon, 1910: 308 (N) Egypt: Alexandria. Algeria: Biskra! On sand, in the dunes. World distribution: Algeria, Egypt. Description (Extracted. with modifications. from Cambridge. 1876). 2 TL 1% line [= 2.82 mm]. The cephalothorax, falces. maxillae. labium, and sternum of this spider are of a dull orange-yellow colour. the legs and palpi being pale straw-yellow. and the abdomen dull whity brown. The cephalothorax is short. broad behind. and strongly constricted laterally at the caput: the normal indentations are tolerably strongly marked: and the height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the facial space: the highest point (looked at sideways) is at the (thoracic junction. whence it runs by an evenly curved slope to the clypeus, the hinder slope not being very abrupt; the clypeus is furnished with some minute tubercles, each of which was probably furnished with a bristly hair; but if so, these had been rubbed off before this description was made. The eyes are large, seated on black tubercular spots. and occupy the whole width of the fore part of the caput: the hind lateral and central eyes form a slightly curved row, whose convexity is directed forwards; those of the central pair are as nearly as possible contiguous to each other; and each is separated by rather less than its diameter's distance from the hind lateral nearest to it; the hind laterals have a strong sideway and backward direction, and each is very near, but not quite contiguous to its fore lateral eye: the interval between the fore laterals is equal to very nearly two diameters: those of each lateral pair are placed obliquely, and are rather smaller than those of the central pair. The /egs are rather long and slender, except the femoral joints: their relative length appears to be 4, 1, 2, 3. Whatever their armature may have been, it was entirely rubbed off before this description was prepared. The palpi are rather long, slender, and similar in colour to the legs; the digital joint is cylindrical and exceeds in length the radial and cubital joints together. The falces are long, tolerably strong and straight. but strongly directed backwards to the labium; and their front surface is thinly covered with minute, and probably pilose, reddish brown tubercles. The maxillae and /abium are forced backwards into a direction perpendicular to the sternum, owing to the strong backward direction of the falces. Their form is thus very difficult to be ascertained, but it appears to be similar to that of the other species of this genus. The abdomen, is short, oval in form, considerably convex above, and does not project over the base of the cephalothorax: the connecting pedicle being distinct. Four spiracular springs are plainly visible. the two extra ones being placed not far behind the ordinary pair. The spinners are short those of the inferior are much the strongest. Description (Translation of Simon, 1882: 236-237). Genus Sulsula: Cephalothorax wide in rear, greatly attenuated forward, nevertheless wide and obtuse at front; flat above, greatly inclined in rear in the posterior third part. — Eyes, six, arranged in a transverse group at least twice wider than long and occupying nearly all the width of the front, two connivent lateral eyes on each side, two medians fairly placed in rear, at the level of the posterior laterals. — Clypeus wider than the anterior eyes and slightly inclined forwards. — Legs lengths, 4, 2, 1, 3, slender: femurs slightly robust, similar and cylindrical; femurs and tibias armed by thin spines; distance between coxae of the 4"" pair greatly narrower than their length; two thin tarsal claws carried by a tarsal segment. - Tegument delicate, furnished with isolated bristles. This genus belongs to the group of the Oonopides and is especially neighbor of the genus Orchestina E. 8. (= Schaenobates E. S., not Bl.), of which it defers by the shape of the cephalothorax, the legs of the four pairs equally slender, the median eyes much distant, being placed at the level of the posterior laterals. — The S. /ongipes is the biggest species of the group of the Oonopides; its aspect recalls that of a small Loxosceles. Sulsula longipes : ¢. VL 2.7 mm. — Cephalothorax and legs very light testaceous tawny. Abdomen testaceous white. furnished with isolated bristles. — Femur ] provided with 2 spines on the anterior side and 2 dorsals: femur II, by only one dorsal; femurs III and IV. by 2 or 3 dorsals: tibias I and II provided with 3 long lateral spines internal and external. ~ Pedipalps short: patella wide and convex: tibia longer than the patella, attenuated; small tarsus. obtuse: bulb wide pyriform. subglobular, prolonged at tip. fairly wide and cylindrical in the first half. very slim and arched in the second. 2 OK OK A OK OK OK OK OK OK Map |. Distribution of recorded oonopid species in Egypt. A- Dysderina scutata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) - Alexandria, El-Faiyum, Sohag. @ - Gamasomorpha arabica Simon, 1893 - Ain Musa. we Ischnothyreus velox Jackson, 1908 - Cairo. O - Opopaea margaritae (Denis, 1947) - Siwa. ® - Opopaea punctata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) - Alexandria, Ain Musa. O - Opopaea sp. - Cairo, Sallant. A - Orchestina sp. - Ebshowai ® - Ovobulbus bokerella Saaristo, 2007 - Sinai. OD - Sulsula pauper (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) - Alexandria. Key to Genera and Species of Oonopidae recorded from Egypt Oonopidae is roughly divided into two groups called Oonopidae loricati and Oonopidae molles (In Latin: loricatus = clothed in mail, harnessed: mollis = soft) according to the chitinization level of their bodies. The members of the loricati group have their cephalothorax closed inside a casing, which has a large frontal opening to allow insertion of the chelicerae and endites bearing the palps as well as lateral openings for the legs while their abdomen is enclosed between dorsal and ventral shields and also spinnerets are partially surrounded by a chitin ring. The members of the second group have no dorsal scutum on abdomen (In Latin: scutum = shield: pl. scuta) and the ventral scutum is much reduced but apparently never totally absent (Saaristo, 2007). 1. Abdomen without dorsal scutum and the ventral scutum is much reduced but Bratemuy MeEVer totally ADSENE ........00...00cce ese eeeesvevescesent an Oonopidae molles ... 2 -. Abdomen enclosed between dorsal and ventral shields (scuta) and spinnerets are emery surrounded by a Chitin TING .......6. 5... .60ccc cee eeeeeese veene Oonopidae loricati ... 4 2. Femur IV enlarged. Posterior median eyes located between anterior laterals forming a straight or a slightly procurved line (Fig. 27). Legs without spines .... Orchestina pavesii -. Femur IV not enlarged, similar to other femora. Posterior row of eyes recurved. SIRE OS IeMON MNCOIAM EVES 07.0 iccs cues ober. dave sidsouos cohoeencee bosch aicede vitecuesese 8 peers. especially postenots, Sparingly SpINy ......-...0:<00.000sse02seaseenee Sulsula pauper -. Legs without spines, claws conspicuously large. Male palp with large. more or less eamesuapea Dulbus. Byes (Fig: 28). ..c.c.s0. ceed lees enc ectescacceteuseseees Ovobulbus bokerella 4. Dorsal scutum covers less than 89% abdominal length .............. Ischnothyreus velox oe real seuLum covers entire abdominal length .....2 02. ..6 soe eee ene beee cc eee cee end 5 5. Anterior tibiae and metatarsi ventrally fortified by two rows of long slanting 1 ans ecto lytA a Dysderina scutata ee PEMMINN CS MO NMAIIONIE SPINES 422 a5 -.3 ccs. dane vast veins fees un cogee Sonenchenetedtatenctsetsses cee 6 6. Cephalothorax short. convex, posteriorly abruptly declined. Sternum wide. heart- shaped. Male palp with bulbus separate from cymbium ............ Gamasomorpha arabica -. Cephalothorax long, low and flat. Clypeus narrow. Sternum long and oval. Male palp with bulbus fused to cymbium to form cymbiobulbus ...............::::02:. Opopaea ... 7 7. Cephalothorax orange-yellow, 2 TL 1.3 mm, Cl 0.9 (from Fig. 13, Denis, eae aN VE eee ie en ee er ee Opopaea margaritae -. Cephalothorax brownish orange, 9 TL 1.46 (Israel specimen, Saaristo, 2007), 1.66 (Lebanon specimen, Assi, 1982), Cl 0.76 (Israel), 0.88 (Lebanon) ..... Opopaea punctata References Assi, F. 1982. Contribution a la connaissance de l'Oonopidae Opopaea punctata (O. P. Camb.) du Liban (Araneae, Oonopidae). Revue arachnologique, 4: 85-91. Brignoli, P.M. 1974. Su alcuni Oonopidae di Tunisia (Arachnida, Araneae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 81: 409-415. Brignoli, P.M. 1975. Ragni del Libano. I. Note sur Opopaea punctata (O. Pickard Cambridge. 1872) ed altre specie dello stesso genere (Araneae, Oonopidae). Fragmenta entomologica, \1: 223-233. Bristowe, W.S. 1948. Notes on the structure and systematic position of oonopid spiders based on an examination of the British species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, \18: 878- 891. Cambridge, O.P.-. 1872. General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1871: 212-354. Cambridge. O.P.-. 1876. Catalogue of a collection of spiders made in Egypt, with descriptions of new species and characters of a new genus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1876: 541-630. Chickering, A.M. 1951. The Oonopidae of Panama. Bulletin of Museum of comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 106: 207-245. Lo Nn Chickering. A.M. 1968. The genus Dysderina (Araneae. Oonopidae) in Central America and the West Indies. Breviora. 296: 1-37 Denis. J. 1947. Spiders. /n Results of the Armstrong College expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan desert). 1935. Bulletin de la Société de Fouad I. d’Entomologie, 31: 17-103. El-Hennawy,. H.K. 2006. A list of Egyptian spiders (revised in 2006). Serket, 10(2): 65-76. Fage. L. & Simon, E. 1936. Arachnida. II]. Pedipalpi, Scorpiones, Solifuga et Araneae (Ire partie). In Mission scientifique de l'Omo. Mémoires Musée Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4: 293-340. Locket. G.H. & Millidge. A.F. 1951. British Spiders. Ray Society, London, |: 1-310. Melic. A. 1994. Aranhas nuevas o de interés de la fauna ibérica (Arachnida, Araneae): Notas aracnologicas aragonesas, 2. Zapateri (Revita. aragon. ent.), 4: 109-118. Parker, J.R. 1991. The Revd. O. Pickard-Cambridge in Egypt. Serket, 2(3): 62-69. Pekar, S. & Gajdos, P. 2001. Orchestina pavesii (Simon, 1873), an oonopid spider new to Slovakia (Araneae: Oonopidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 21: 50-53. Platnick, N.I. 2008. The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html] Saaristo, M.I. 2007. The oonopid spiders (Aranei: Oonopidae) of Israel. Arthropoda Selecta, 15: 119-140. Saaristo, M.I. & Marusik, Y.M. 2004. Ferchestina, a new genus of oonopid spiders from Russian Far East (Aranei, Oonopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 13: 51-54. Simon, E. 1882. Etudes Arachnologiques. 13e Mémoire. XX. Descriptions d'espéces et de genres nouveaux de la famille des Dysderidae. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, (6) 2: 201-240. Simon, E. 1890. Etudes arachnologiques. 22e Mémoire. XXXIV. Etude sur les arachnides de I'Yemen. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, (6)10: 77-124. Simon, E. 1891. On the spiders of the island of St. Vincent. Part 1. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1891: 549-575. Simon, E. 1893a. Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris. 1: 257-488. Simon, E. 1893b. Etudes arachnologiques. 25e Mémoire. XL. Descriptions d'especes et de genres nouveaux de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 62: 299-330. Simon, E. 1893c. Arachnides. In Voyage de M. E. Simon aux iles Philipines (mars et avril 1890). 6e Mémoire. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 62: 65-80. Simon, E. 1907. Etude sur les araignées de la sous-section des Haplogynes. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique, 5\: 246-264. Simon, E. 1910. Catalogue raisonné des arachnides du nord de l'Afrique (Ire partie). Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 79: 265-332. Simon, E. & Fage, L. 1922. Araneae des grottes de |'Afrique orientale. In Biospeologica, XLIV. Arch. zool. expér. gen., 60: 523-555. 36 wl —aen - -_ - > po” 4 " _ Serket = Sarkat. American Museum of Natural History Received on: 06-24-@8 oN er os. SERKET oS pes Volume ;1 Cairo - Egypt Part 2 2008 SERKET Volume 11 Part 2 November, 2008 Cairo, Egypt Contents Page An updated checklist of the Thomisidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks Hakan Demir a7 The first record of genus Pax (Araneae: Zodariidae) in Turkey Osman Seyyar, Hisham El-Hennawy, Hakan Demir & Tuncay Tiirkes 51 Three new records for the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Araneidae, Palpimanidae, Theridiidae) Kadir Bogacg Kunt , Ersen Aydin YaSmur & Erman Tezcan 55) The first record of family Hersiliidae from Turkey (Arachnida: Araneae) Ersen Aydin Yagmur, Kadir Boga¢g Kunt & Mehmet Yal¢in 62 Sun-spiders of Sudan (Arachnida: Solpugida), [Introductory study] Hisham K. El-Hennawy 65 Subscription for volume 11 (2008-2009): US $ 25.00 (personal rate), US $ 35.00 (institutional rate) Back issues : Volume 1 (1987-1990), Vol. 2 (1990-1992), Vol. 4 (1994-1996), Vol. 5 (1996-1997), Vol. 6 (1998-2000), Vol. 7 (2000-2001), Vol. 8 (2002-2003), Vol. 9 (2004-2005), 10 (2006-2007): US $25.00 (p.r.), US $35.00 (i.r.) per volume Volume 3 (1992-1993): | US $35.00 (p.r.), US $ 45.00 (i-r.) Correspondence concerning subscription, back issues, publication, etc. should be addressed to the editor: Hisham K. El-Hennawy Postal address: 41, El-Manteqa El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt. E-mail: el_hennawy@hotmail.com Webpage: http://groups.msn.com/serket, http://serket2008.multiply.com AK KKK KK KKK ISSN: 1110-502X = ms att vite sipanl faeaer) ri FeV aa ih 4 a’ btof » Ta. 4 rs Bi Rec ra a |, vie bas Ty pa snared: “a ras ul 5 7 “1 a 4 é wh ey “Vijdiga Sette ib ey Foe i ea oti yon ok Soe a : = BOSE ( ation a Mira Tee rts tele Serket (2008) vol. 11(2): 37-50. An updated checklist of the Thomisidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks Hakan Demir Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: ozyptila@gmail.com Abstract This updated checklist of Thomisidae of Turkey is based on published and unpublished records available to the author. At present, 79 species belonging to 14 genera of family Thomisidae have been identified in Turkey. Keywords: Araneae, Thomisidae, Turkey. Introduction Arachnological studies of Turkey began towards the end of the 19" century. They were increased during the 20" century, specially faunistic and taxonomic works. Recently, they continued with an increased speed. In the fauna of Turkey, Thomisidae must be regarded as an insufficiently studied family. The most important papers dealing with the thomisid fauna of the country are those of Kulczynski (1903), Nosek (1905), Roewer (1959), and Simon (1875, 1879, 1884, 1914). Early studies on this family were carried out by Karol (1966a, 1966b, 1966c, 1966d, 1968), who described four new XAysticus species from Turkey. However, X. sislii Karol, 1966, X. turcicus Karol, 1966 and X. pelini Karol, 1968 are now synonyms of X. thessalicus Simon, 1916 (Wunderlich, 1995), and X. jezequeli Karol, 1966 is a synonym of X. gymnocephalus Strand, 1915 (Assi, 1986). The previous works were densely concentrated on central Anatolian region, Black Sea region, and the Mediterranean region, i.e. central parts of Turkey. Turkey has significant ecological properties. It may be the origin country of many spider taxa and it may also be a refugium (an area where conditions have enabled a species or a community of species to survive after extinction in surrounding areas) for living creatures affected by geological and climatic changes more than many countries in the World. A list of 44 species belonging to 10 genera of family Thomisidae from Turkey was firstly published by Karol (1967). Afterwards, both Turkish and foreign researches made important contributions to the Turkish thomisid fauna. They recorded 55 species belonging to 12 genera from Turkey (Bayram, 2002). According to the checklist of Topg¢u et al. (2005), the Turkish thomisid fauna comprises 56 valid species belonging to 10 genera, most of which were known from a single or just a few localities. The present checklist is based on all available published and some unpublished records of the distribution of thomisid spiders in Turkey. A total of 79 species from family Thomisidae are recorded in this country. The principal paper is that of Topcu er al. (2005), which was based on 41 publications. Now, 21 species are added from recently published 14 papers (i.e. Marusik et al., 2005; Topc¢u et al., 2006; Logunov, 2006; Logunov & Demir, 2006; Ozdemir et al., 2006; Varol et al., 2006; Demir et al., 2006, 2007a, 2007b, 2008, 2008a, 2008b, In press; Bayram et al., 2007). Material and Methods The present checklist of the thomisid spesies of Turkey is mainly based on the data included in “A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey” (Topcu et al., 2005). It is compiled using published records and original data. World distribution of all species follows Platnick (2008). Distribution of species in geographical regions of Turkey is summarized in remarks according to Topcu et al. (2005) [MR = Marmara, AR = Aegean, CAR = Central Anatolia, BSR = Black Sea Region, EAR = East Anatolia, SAR = Southeastern Anatolia Region and MER = Mediterranean Regions]. The present zoogeographical characterization is based on the chorotype classification of Anatolian fauna, recently proposed by Vigna Taglianti ef al. (2000). In this study, as possible as one chorotype description can be identified for each taxon. But this kind of description can not be possible for some taxa, so one or two chorotypes are used for them. The species which are recorded from only one locality in Turkey are characterised by an asterisk (*). Taxonomy Family Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 Genus Coriarachne Thorell, 1870 Coriarachne depressa (C.L. Koch, 1837) Records in Turkey: Aegean and Mediterranean region in Turkey (Bayram, 2002). Distribution in Turkey: AR and MER. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Genus Cozyptila Lehtinen & Marusik, 2005 Cozyptila blackwalli (Simon, 1875) Records in Turkey: Ankara (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Cozyptila guseinovorum Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005 Records in Turkey: Sakarya, Izmir (Marusik et al., 2005). Distribution in Turkey: MR and AR. Chorotype: Central Asiatic + East European. World Distribution: Central Asia, Russia, Turkey. Cozyptila thaleri Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005 Records in Turkey: Sakarya, Bolu, Konya, Ankara (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MR and CAR. Chorotype: Eastern European. World Distribution: Turkey, Ukraine. Genus Diaea Thorell, 1869 Diaea livens Simon, 1876 Records in Turkey: Bursa (Bayram et al., 2002); Gaziantep (Ozdemir er al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MR, MER and SAR. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: USA, Central Europe to Azerbaijan. 38 Genus Ebrechtella Dahl, 1907 Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) Records in Turkey: Cankiri, Ankara, Yozgat (Demir et al., 2007a). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Genus Heriaeus Simon, 1875 Heriaeus buffoni (Audouin, 1825) Records in Turkey: istanbul (Kulezynski, 1903). Distribution in Turkey: MR *. Chorotype: North African + South West Asiatic. World Distribution: North Africa, Israel. Heriaeus graminicola (Doleschall, 1852) Records in Turkey: Nigde, Mersin (Topgcu et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: European + Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Europe to Central Asia. Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819) Records in Turkey: istanbul (Simon, 1875; Pavesi, 1876). Distribution in Turkey: MR *. Chorotype: European. World Distribution: Europe to Georgia. Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886 Records in Turkey: Nigde, Mersin, Adana (Top¢u ef al., 2006); Istanbul (Kulezynski, 1903). Distribution in Turkey: MR, CAR and MER. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Heriaeus orientalis Simon, 1918 Records in Turkey: Istanbul (Kulczynski, 1903). Distribution in Turkey: MR *. Chorotype: Balkano — Anatolian. World Distribution: Greece, Turkey, Ukraine. Heriaeus pilosus Nosek, 1905 Records in Turkey: Sivas, Nevsehir, Kayseri (Nosek, 1905); Erzurum, Tokat (Loerbroks, 1983); Turkey (Reimoser, 1919). Distribution in Turkey: CAR, EAR and BSR. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Heriaeus setiger (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) Records in Turkey: Mugla (Dalmas, 1920). Distribution in Turkey: AR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Heriaeus simoni Kulczynski, 1903 Records in Turkey: Hatay, Istanbul (Kulczynski, 1903); Izmir, Bursa, Aydin (Loerbroks, 1983); Turkey (Reimoser, 1919). Distribution in Turkey: MR and MER. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Heriaeus spinipalpus Loerbroks, 1983 Records in Turkey: Adana, Bitlis, Erzurum, Van (Loerbroks, 1983). Distribution in Turkey: MER and EAR. Chorotype: Mediterranean. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean. 39 Genus Misumena Latreille, 1804 Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) Records in Turkey: istanbul (Simon, 1875; Pavesi, 1876); Sakarya (Nosek, 1905); Turkey (Reimoser, 1919); Nigde, Mersin (Top¢u ef al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MER, CAR and MR. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Genus Monaeses Thorell, 1869 Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973 Records in Turkey: Antalya (Bayram ef al., 2007). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: West Asiatic + Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Greece, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Central Asia. Genus Ozyptila Simon, 1864 Ozyptila ankarensis Karol, 1966 Records in Turkey: Ankara (Karol, 1966c). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996a, b), Kinkkale (Bayram et al., 2005). Distribution in Turkey: EAR and SAR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Ozyptila claveata (Walckenaer, 1837) Records in Turkey: Izmir (Lehtinen, 2002); Gaziantep (Ozdemir et al., 2006; Varol et al., 2006); Nigde (Topgu et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: AR and SAR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Ozyptila clavidorsa Roewer, 1959 Records in Turkey: Gaziantep (Roewer, 1959). Distribution in Turkey: SAR *. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Ozyptila conostyla Hippa, Koponen & Oksala, 1986 Records in Turkey: Yozgat (Hippa et al., 1986). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Caucasian. World Distribution: Turkey to Turkmenistan. Ozyptila praticola (C.L. Koch, 1837) Records in Turkey: istanbul (Roewer, 1959); Van (Bayram, 1996a; Bayram & Varol, 1996); Denizli (Bayram et al., 1998); Kirikkale (Bayram et al., 2005); Adana (Top¢u e7 al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MR, EAR, AR, CAR and MER. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Ozyptila rauda Simon, 1875 Records in Turkey: Zonguldak (Roewer, 1959). Distribution in Turkey: BSR (WBR) *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Ozyptila sanctuaria (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996a); Kinkkale (Bayram e7 al., 2005). Distribution in Turkey: EAR and CAR. Chorotype: European. World Distribution: Europe. 40 Ozyptila simplex (O.P.-Cambridge, 1862) Records in Turkey: Turkey (Caporiacco, 1935); Gaziantep (Ozdemir er al., 2006); Adana (Topgu et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: EAR and MER. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Ozyptila spirembola Wunderlich, 1995 Records in Turkey: Bolu (Wunderlich, 1995). Distribution in Turkey: MR *. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Ozyptila tricoloripes Strand, 1913 Records in Turkey: Kahramanmaras, Hatay, (Demir et al., 2008a). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: Turanian. World Distribution: Israel, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan. Genus Pistius Simon, 1875 Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772) Records in Turkey: Nigde, Mersin (Topcu et al., 2006); Istanbul (Simon, 1879); Turkey (Karol, 1967). Distribution in Turkey: CAR, MER and MR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Genus Runcinia Simon, 1875 Runcinia grammica (C.L. Koch, 1837) Records in Turkey: Sakarya (Nosek, 1905); Mersin, Adana (Top¢u ez al., 2006); Balikesir (Karol, 1966d); istanbul, Hatay (Kulczynski, 1903); Turkey (Karol, 1967; Caporiacco, 1935); Bursa (Kaya & Ugurtas, 2007). Distribution in Turkey: MR, MER and AR. Chorotype: Palearctic + Ethiopian. World Distribution: Palearctic, St. Helena, South Africa. Genus Synema Simon, 1864 Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) Records in Turkey: Kocaeli, Sakarya (Nosek, 1905); Hatay, Kilis, Adana, Osmaniye (Demir et al., 2007b); Gaziantep (Ozdemir er al., 2006); NiZde, Mersin, Adana (Topgu ef al., 2006); Bursa (Karol, 1966d); istanbul (Simon, 1875; Pavesi, 1876); Hatay, Istanbul (Kulczynski, 1903); Turkey (Strand, 1917; Caporiacco, 1935); Aydin (Giltay, 1932); Osmaniye (Roewer, 1959); Bursa (Kaya & Ugurtas, 2007). Distribution in Turkey: MR, MER, SAR, AR and CAR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Synema plorator (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) Records in Turkey: Osmaniye, Kahramanmaras (Demir e¢ al., 2007b); Bursa (Karol, 1966d). Distribution in Turkey: MER and MR. Chorotype: South West Asiatic + Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Slovakia to Israel, Central Asia. Synema utotchkini Marusik & Logunov, 1995 Records in Turkey: Kahramanmaras (Demir et al., 2007b). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: Caucasian. World Distribution: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey. 4] Genus Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805 Thomisus citrinellus Simon, 1875 Records in Turkey: Black Sea Region (Top¢u ef al., 2005). Distribution in Turkey: BSR (MBR) *. Chorotype: Afrotropico - Mediterranean. World Distribution: Mediterranean, Africa, Yemen, Socotra, Seychelles. Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805 Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996b; Bayram & Varol, 1996); Denizli (Bayram ef al., 1998); Manisa, Izmir, Aydin (Bayram ef al., 2000); Sakarya, Sivas, Konya, Kayseri (Nosek, 1905); Kinikkale (Bayram er al., 2005); Gaziantep (Ozdemir et al., 2006); Nigde, Mersin, Adana (Top¢u ef al., 2006); Ankara (Karol, 1966d); Turkey (Caporiacco, 1935; Ono & Martens, 2005); istanbul (Simon, 1875; Pavesi, 1876; Kulczynski, 1903; Giltay, 1932); Izmir (Kulezynski, 1903); Hatay, Gaziantep (Roewer, 1959); Bursa (Kaya & Ugurtas, 2007). Distribution in Turkey: EAR, AR, MR, SAR, MER and CAR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Thomisus zyuzini Marusik & Logunov, 1990 Records in Turkey: Osmaniye (Demir ef al., 2008a). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: South West Asiatic + Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Saudi Arabia to Central Asia. Genus Jmarus Simon, 1875 Tmarus piochardi (Simon, 1866) Records in Turkey: Diyarbakir, Mugla (Bayram et al., 2007). Distribution in Turkey: SAR and MER. Chorotype: Mediterranean. World Distribution: Mediterranean. Tmarus stellio Simon, 1875 Records in Turkey: Ankara (Demir et al., 2007a). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Genus Xysticus C.L. Koch, 1835 Xysticus abditus Logunov, 2006 Records in Turkey: Nigde (Logunov, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Balkano — Anatolian. World Distribution: Bulgaria, Turkey. Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872 Records in Turkey: Turkey (Simon, 1914); istanbul (Simon, 1875; Pavesi, 1876); Gaziantep (Roewer, 1959). Distribution in Turkey: MR and SAR. Chorotype: European + Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Europe to Central Asia. Xysticus anatolicus Demir, Aktas & Topcu, 2008 Records in Turkey: Kayseri (Demir et al., 2008b). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Xysticus audax (Schrank, 1803) Records in Turkey: Istanbul, Adana, Osmaniye, Hatay (Roewer, 1959); Turkey (Simon, 1914). Distribution in Turkey: MR and MER. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. 42 Xysticus bacurianensis Mcheidze, 1971 Records in Turkey: Trabzon (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: BSR *. Chorotype: Turanian + East European. World Distribution: Turkey, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan. Xysticus bifasciatus C.L. Koch, 1837 Records in Turkey: Konya (Bayram & Allahverdi, 1994, 1999); Manisa, Izmir, Aydin (Bayram et al., 2000); Kirikkale (Bayram et al., 2005); Nigde (Topcu & Demir, 2004; Topg¢u et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR and AR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus bufo (Dufour, 1820) Records in Turkey: istanbul (Simon, 1875; Pavesi, 1876); Izmir (Pavesi, 1876). Distribution in Turkey: MR and AR. Chorotype: Mediterranean. World Distribution: Mediterranean. Xysticus caperatus Simon, 1875 Records in Turkey: Osmaniye (Demir, et al., In press). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: Mediterranean + East European. World Distribution: Mediterranean, Russia. Xysticus cribratus Simon, 1885 Records in Turkey: Turkey (Lehtinen, 2002); Ankara (Karol, 1966d). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Mediterranean + Asiatic. World Distribution: Mediterranean to China, Sudan. Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1994, 1996b, c; Bayram et al., 1999; Bayram & Varol, 1999); Manisa, Izmir, Aydin (Bayram et al., 2000); Denizli (Bayram et al., 1998); Konya (Bayram & Allahverdi, 1999); Kirikkale (Bayram ef al., 2005); Nigde, Mersin (Top¢u et al., 2006); Trabzon (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: EAR, SAR, AR, CAR, MER and BSR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus demirsoyi Demir, Topgu & Tiirkes, 2006 Records in Turkey: Nigde (Demir, ef al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Xysticus edax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Records in Turkey: Osmaniye, Kilis, Kahramanmaras, Hatay (Demir, ef a/., In press). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: South West Asiatic. World Distribution: Israel. Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996a). Distribution in Turkey: EAR *. Chorotype: West Palearctic. World Distribution: Europe, Russia. Xysticus ferrugineus Menge, 1876 Records in Turkey: Nigde (Topgu & Demir, 2004; Topgu er al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus ferus O.P.-Cambridge, 1876 Records in Turkey: Mugla (Dalmas, 1920). 43 Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: East Mediterranean. World Distribution: Cyprus, Egypt, Israel. Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875 Records in Turkey: Turkey (Simon, 1914, Karol, 1967; Ono & Martens, 2005); Kayseri (Nosek, 1905). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus graecus C.L. Koch, 1837 Records in Turkey: Ankara (Karol, 1966d), Bursa, istanbul (Kulczynski, 1903). Distribution in Turkey: CAR and MR. Chorotype: East Mediterranean + East European. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean, Russia. Xysticus gymnocephalus Strand, 1915 Records in Turkey: Ankara (Karol, 1966a, 1966d). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: South West Asiatic. World Distribution: Turkey, Lebanon, Israel. Xysticus kaznakovi Utochkin, 1968 Records in Turkey: Kahramanmaras, Osmaniye (Demir, et al., In press). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Central Asia. Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872 Records in Turkey: Sakarya, Kayseri (Nosek, 1905); Turkey (Reimoser, 1919); Konya (Bayram & Allahverdi, 1994, 1999); Denizli (Bayram ef al., 1998); Van (Bayram & Varol, 2000); Kirikkale (Bayram ef al., 2005); Nigde, Mersin (Top¢u ef al., 2006); Ankara, Bursa (Karol, 1966d); Istanbul (Simon, 1875; Pavesi, 1876); Turkey (Caporiacco, 1935); Cankin, Konya, Yozgat, Isparta, Bolu, Adana, Kayseri, Sinop, Zonguldak, Nevsehir (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MR, CAR, AR, SAR, MER and BSR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean to Central Asia. Xysticus laetus Thorell, 1875 Records in Turkey: Konya (Nosek, 1905); Turkey (Reimoser, 1919); Mersin (Topgu et al., 2006); Nevsehir, Cankiri, Konya, Kirikkale, Bolu, Yozgat, Nigde, Antalya (Logunov, 2006); Bursa (Kaya & Ugurtas, 2007). Distribution in Turkey: CAR, MER and MR. Chorotype: East Mediterranean + South West Asiatic. World Distribution: Italy to Central Asia. Comment: Al] records of Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872 from Turkey belong to X. laetus (Logunov, 2006). Xysticus lalandei (Audouin, 1825) Records in Turkey: Ankara (Karol, 1966d); Konya, Nigde, Kayseri (Nosek, 1905); Turkey (Strand, 1917); Mugla (Dalmas, 1920). Distribution in Turkey: CAR and MER. Chorotype: North East African - Sindian. World Distribution: Egypt, Israel. Xysticus lanio C.L. Koch, 1835 Records in Turkey: istanbul (Pavesi, 1876); Hatay (Roewer, 1959); Nigde, Mersin (Topcu et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MR, MER and SAR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. 44 Xysticus lineatus (Westring, 1851) Records in Turkey: Mersin (Topgu & Demir, 2004; Topc¢u ef al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MER *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus luctator L. Koch, 1870 Records in Turkey: Nigde (Nosek, 1905). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram & Varol, 1999, 2000; Bayram et al., 1999); Konya (Bayram & Allahverdi, 1994); Gaziantep (Ozdemir et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: SAR, CAR and EAR. Chorotype: Holarctic. World Distribution: Holarctic. Xysticus macedonicus Silhavy, 1944 Records in Turkey: Gaziantep (Ozdemir et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: SAR *. Chorotype: Central European. World Distribution: Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Macedonia, Turkey. Xysticus ninnii fusciventris Crome, 1965 Records in Turkey: Sivas (Nosek, 1905); Turkey (Reimoser, 1919); Van (Bayram et al., 1999; Bayram & Varol, 2000); Mersin (Topg¢u ef al., 2006); Sivas, Cankin, Kayseri, Konya (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: SAR, MERandCAR. Chorotype: Eastern Europe+Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Eastern Europe to Mongolia. Xysticus nubilus Simon, 1875 Records in Turkey: izmir (Simon, 1914). Distribution in Turkey: AR *. Chorotype: Mediterranean. World Distribution: Mediterranean, Azores, Macronesia. Xysticus pseudolanio Wunderlich, 1995 Records in Turkey: Bolu, Artvin (Wunderlich, 1995). Distribution in Turkey: MR and BSR. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Xysticus pseudorectilineus (Wunderlich, 1995) Records in Turkey: Adana (Wunderlich, 1995); Adana, Nigde, Adana, Nevsehir, Osmaniye, Antalya, Kayseri, Mersin, Sanliurfa, Gaziantep (Demir et al., 2008). Distribution in Turkey: MER, CAR and EAR. Chorotype: Anatolian endemic. World Distribution: Turkey. Xysticus rectilineus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) Records in Turkey: Ankara (Karol, 1966d). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: South West Asiatic. World Distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel. Xysticus robustus (Hahn, 1832) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram, 1996a; Bayram & Varol, 1996; Bayram et al., 1999); Konya (Bayram & Allahverdi, 1994, 1999); Manisa, Izmir, Aydin (Bayram et al., 2000); Kirikkale (Bayram et al., 2005); Gaziantep (Ozdemir et al., 2006); NiZde, Mersin (Topgu et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: SAR, CAR, AR, EAR and MER. Chorotype: European + Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Europe to Central Asia. 45 Xysticus sabulosus (Hahn, 1832) Records in Turkey: Van (Bayram e¢ al., 1999); Nigde, Mersin (Topg¢u ef al., 2006): istanbul (Simon, 1875; Pavesi, 1876). Distribution in Turkey: SAR, CAR and MR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus striatipes L. Koch, 1870 Records in Turkey: Ankara (Karol, 1966d); Mersin (Top¢u et al., 2006); Bursa (Kaya & Ugurtas, 2007). Distribution in Turkey: CAR, MER and MR. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus thessalicoides Wunderlich, 1995 Records in Turkey: Antalya, Kastamonu, Bolu, Trabzon (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: MER, BSR and MR. Chorotype: Balkano — Anatolian. World Distribution: Greece, Crete, Turkey. Xysticus thessalicus Simon, 1916 Records in Turkey: Ankara (Karol, 1966d); Konya (Karol, 1966b, 1966d, 1968); Manisa (Azarkina & Logunov, 2000); Konya, Mersin, Yozgat (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR, AR and MER. Chorotype: North East Mediterranean. World Distribution: Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Israel. Xysticus tristrami (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) Records in Turkey: Konya, Nigde, Kayseri (Nosek, 1905); Hatay (Simon, 1884). Distributionin Turkey: CARandMER.Chorotype: South West Asiatic+Central Asiatic. World Distribution: Saudi Arabia to Central Asia. Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) Records in Turkey: Konya (Karol, 1966d); Van (Bayram, 1996c; Bayram ef al., 1999); Kirikkale (Bayram et al., 2005); Gaziantep (Ozdemir et al., 2006); Mersin (Top¢u et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR, SAR, EAR and MER. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus viduus Kulczynski, 1898 Records in Turkey: Nigde (Topg¢u & Demir, 2004; Topgu et al., 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: Palearctic. World Distribution: Palearctic. Xysticus xerodermus Strand, 1913 Records in Turkey: Konya, Yozgat (Logunov & Demir, 2006). Distribution in Turkey: CAR *. Chorotype: South West Asiatic. World Distribution: Turkey, Israel. Discussion Turkey is a bridge between Asia and Europe. Its geographical location is very important in Palearctic region. Turkey consists of two general parts as Trace and Anatolia. The European section of Turkey is eastern Thrace. It forms the borders of Turkey with Greece and Bulgaria. The Asian part of the country, Anatolia, consists of a high central plateau with narrow coastal plains. Turkey has a great variability in topography and climate. The fact that Anatolia is surrounded from three sides by sea, its situation in the temperate climatic zone, its geological and geomorphic structure, and topography are main contributing factors affecting diversity of species in terrestrial 46 ecosystems. This study has increased the number of thomisid spiders in Turkey to 79 species belonging to 14 genera. 200 0 200 Kilometers a | Fig. 1. Provinces of Turkey. Zoogeographically, Coriarachne depressa, Cozyptila blackwalli, Ebrechtella tricuspidata, Heriaeus melloteei, H. setiger, H. simoni, Ozyptila atomaria, O. claveata, O. rauda, O. simplex, Pistius truncatus, Runcinia grammica, Synema_ globosum, Thomisus onustus, Tmarus stellio, Xysticus audax, X. bifasciatus, X. cristatus, X. Jerrugineus, X. gallicus, X. kochi, X. lanio, X. lineatus, X. luctator, X. sabulosus, X. striatipes, X. ulmi and X. viduus have the Palearctic chorotype. Cozyptila guseinovorum has the Central Asiatic + East European chorotypes. Cozyptila thaleri has the Eastern European chorotype. Diaea livens, Misumena vatia, Ozyptila praticola and Xysticus luctuosus have the Holarctic chorotype. Heriaeus buffoni has the North African + South West Asiatic chorotypes. Heriaeus graminicola, Xysticus acerbus and X. robustus have the European + Central Asiatic chorotypes. Heriaeus hirtus and Ozyptila sanctuaria have the European chorotype. Heriaeus orientalis, Xysticus abditus and X. thessalicoides have the Balkano — Anatolian chorotype. Monaeses israeliensis, Synema plorator, Thomisus zyuzini and Xysticus tristrami have the South West Asiatic + Central Asiatic chorotypes. Ozyptila conostyla and Synema utotchkini have the Caucasian chorotype. Ozyptila tricoloripes has the Turanian chorotype. Thomisus citrinellus has the Afrotropico - Mediterranean chorotype. Heriaeus spinipalpus, Tmarus piochardi, Xysticus bufo and X. nubilus have the Mediterranean chorotype. Xysticus bacurianensis has the Turanian + East European chorotypes. Xysticus cribratus has the Mediterranean + Asiatic chorotypes. Xysticus edax, X. gymnocephalus, X. rectilineus and X. xerodermus has the South West Asiatic chorotype. Xysticus erraticus has the West Palearctic chorotype. Xysticus ferus has the East Mediterranean chorotype. Xysticus graecus has the East Mediterranean + East European chorotypes. Xysticus caperatus has the Mediterranean + East European chorotypes. Xysticus kaznakovi has the Central Asiatic chorotype. Xysticus laetus has the East Mediterranean + South West Asiatic chorotypes. Xysticus lalandei has the North East African - Sindian chorotype. Xysticus macedonicus has the Central European chorotype. X. ninnii fusciventris has the Eastern Europe + Central Asiatic chorotypes. Xysticus thessalicus has the North East Mediterranean chorotype. Heriaeus pilosus, Ozyptila ankarensis, O. clavidorsa, O. spirembola, Xysticus anatolicus, X. demirsoyi X. pseudolanio and X. pseudorectilineus have the Anatolian endemic chorotype. 47 References Assi, F. 1986. Note faunistique sur les Thomisidae et les Philodromidae du Liban (Araneae). Revue Arachnologique, 7(1): 41-46. Azarkina, G.N. & Logunov, D.V. 2000. Separation and distribution of Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1758) and X. audax (Schrank, 1803) in eastern Eurasia, with description of a new species from the mountains of Central Asia (Aranei: Thomisidsae). Arthropoda Selecta, 9(2): 133-150. Bayram, A. 1994. Tarla kenarlarinda yer alan ot kiimelerinin Arthropod faunasi. Yiiziincii Yil Universitesi. Ziraat Fakiiltesi Dergisi., 4: 139-149. Bayram, A. 1996a. Spider fauna (Ordo: Araneae) of Carpanak island (Lake Van). Yiiziincii Yil University Journal of Education, \(2): 59-68. Bayram, A. 1996b. 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Koch, 1835 (Araneae: Thomisidae) in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East. Demir, H., Topcu, A. & Tiirkes, T. 2006. A new species of the genus Xysticus C. L. Koch from Turkey Giemeae Thomisidae). Zootaxa, 1364: 45-49. Giltay, L. 1932. Arachnides recueillis par M. d'Orchymont au cours de ses voyages aux Balkans et en Asie Mineure en 1929, 1930 et 1931. Bulletin du Museum royale d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 8(22): 1-40. Hippa, H., Koponen, S. & Oksala, I. 1986. Revision and classification of the Holarctic species of the Ozptila rauda group (Araneae, Thomisidae). Annales Zoologici Fennici, 23: 321-328. Karol, S. 1966a. Description d'une araignée nouvelle en Turquie (Araneae, Thomisidae). Communications de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Ankara, 11(C): 1-5. Karol, S. 1966b. Sur une nouvelle espéce du genre Xysticus (Araneae, Thomisidae) en Turquie. Communications de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Ankara, | 1\(C): 7-9. Karol, S. 1966c. 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Sitzungsberichte der mathematiseh-naturwissenschaft lichen Classe der kaiserlichen akademie der Wissenschaften, 112: 627-680. Lehtinen, P.T. 2002. Generic revision of some thomisids related to Xysticus C.L.Koch, 1835 and Ozyptila Simon, 1864. In Toft, S. & N. Scharff (eds.), European Arachnology 2000: Proceedings of the 19th European Colloquium of Arachnology. Aarhus Univ. Press, pp. 315-327. Loerbroks, A. 1983. Revision der Krabbenspinnen-Gattung Heriaeus Simon (Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae). Verhandlungen des naturwissenschafilichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF), 26: 85-139. 49 Logunov, D.V. 2006. Notes on Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872 and two closely related spider species (Araneae: Thomisidae). Acta arachnologica, 55: 59-66. Logunov, D.V. & Demir, H. 2006. Further faunistic notes on Cozyptila and Xysticus from Turkey (Araneae, Thomisidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 31: 40-45. Marusik, Y.M., Lehtinen, P.T. & Kovblyuk, M.M. 2005. Cozyptila, a new genus of crab spiders (Aranei: Thomisidae: Thomisinae: Coriarachnini) from the western Palaearctic. Arthropoda Selecta, 13: 151-163. Nosek, A. 1905. Araneiden, Opilionen und Chernetiden. In Penther, A. und E. Zederbauer, Ergebnisse einer naturwissenschaftlichen Reise zum Erdschias-Dagh (Kleinasien). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 20: 114-154. Ono, H. & Martens, J. 2005. Crab spiders of the families Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Iran. Acta arachn. Tokyo, 53: 109-124. Ozdemir, A., Varol, I., Akan, Z., Kiitiik, M., Kutbay, F. & Ozaslan, M. 2006. The Fauna of Spider (Araneae) in the Nizip and Karkamis — Gaziantep (Turkey). Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 20(1): 74-77. Pavesi, P. 1876. Gli arachnidi Turchi. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 19(1): 1-27. Platnick, N.I. 2008. The world spider catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Reimoser, E. 1919. Katalog der echten Spinnen (Araneae) des Paldarktischen Gebietes. Abhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 10(2): 1-280. Roewer, C.F. 1959. Die Araneae, Solifuga und Opiliones der Sammlungen des Herrn Dr. K. Lindberg aus Griechenland, Creta, Anatolien, Iran und Indien. Géteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, (6B) 8(4): 1-47. Simon, E. 1875. Liste d'arachnides de Constantinople et description de deux Opilionides. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 5(5): 96-98. Simon, E. 1879. Liste d'arachnides de Constantinople et description d'une espéce nouvelle Epeira turcica. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, (5) 9(Bull.): 36-37. Simon, E. 1884. Etudes arachnologiques. 15e Mémoire. XXII. Arachnides recuellis par M. l'abbé David a Smyrne, a Beirouth et a Akbés en 1883. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, (6) 4: 181-196. Simon, E. 1914. Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espéces frangaises de l'ordre des Araneae; Ire partie. Paris, 6: 1-308. Strand, E. 1917. Arachnologica varia XIV-X VIII. Archiv ftir Naturgeschichte, 82(A2): 70-76. Topgu, A. & Demir, H. 2004. New crab spider (Araneae: Thomisidae) records for Turkey. /srael Journal of Zoology, 50: 421-422. Topgu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar,O.2005. A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serker, 9(4): 109-140. Topg¢u, A., Demir, H., Seyyar, O. & Tiirkes, T. 2006. The spider fauna of the Giilek Pass (Turkey) and its environs (Araneae). In C. Deltshev & P. Stoev (eds.), European Arachnology 2005. Acta zoologica bulgarica Suppl., 1: 287-295. Varol, M.i., Mart, C., Ozaslan, M., Bayram, A., Akan, Z. & Ozdemir, A. 2006. Investigation of spider fauna of Hancagiz Dam-Nizip (Turkey). Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(2): 344-346. Vigna Taglianti, A.V., Audisio, P.A., Biondi, M., Bologna, M.A., Carpaneto, G.M., De Biase, A., Fattorini, S., Piattella, E., Sindaco, R., Venchi, A. & Zapparoli, M. 2000. A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic Region. Biogeographia, 20: 31-59. Wunderlich, J. 1995. Zur Kenntnis west-paldarktischen Arten der Gattungen Psammitis Menge 1875, Xysticus C. L. Koch 1835 und Ozyptila Simon 1864 (Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae). Beitrdge zur Araneologie, 4: 749-774. 50 Serket (2008) vol. 11(2): 51-54. The first record of genus Pax (Araneae: Zodariidae) in Turkey Osman Seyyar ', Hisham K. El-Hennawy’, Hakan Demir? and Tuncay Tiirkes * 1 Erciyes University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey ~ Arachnid Collection of Egypt, 41, El-Mantega El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairol 1341, Egypt > Gazi University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, TR- 06500 Ankara, Turkey * Nigde University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, TR-51200 Nigde, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: osmanseyyar@hotmail.com Abstract The spider species Pax islamita (Simon, 1873) was found in Turkey for the first time. This represents a new record of both the species and genus Pax Levy, 1990 from Turkey. Its description, characteristic features, drawings and photographs of genitalia and general habitus of both sexes are presented. Keywords: Araneae, Zodariidae, Turkey. Introduction Family Zodariidae includes small to large araneomorph spiders with an enormous variation of shapes. They are ecribellate entelegyne spiders. They are diagnosed by having three tarsal claws with teeth on paired tarsal claws implanted on lateral side facing opposing claw, six or eight eyes, very short cheliceral fangs, long anterior lateral spinnerets, reduced posterior spinnerets and by the absence of serrula (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006). Family Zodariidae is a big spider family which includes 868 species in 74 genera with worldwide distribution (Platnick, 2008). Although this family is represented in the eastern Mediterranean region, Turkish zodariids are poorly known. Only 33 species of 3 genera have so far recorded in the country (Top¢u e7 al., 2005). Genus Pax [Type-species. Habronestes libani Simon, 1873, from Lebanon] was described by Levy (1990) to include two new species from Israel [P. engediensis and P. palmonii| in addition to three Levantine species transferred from Habronestes [P. islamita (Simon, 1873) and P. libani (Simon, 1873)] and Lachesis [P. meadi (O. P.- Cambridge, 1872)]. It is considered a senior synonym of Storamia Jocqué, 1991 (Platnick, 2008). Pax is very near to genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 of tropical Africa and south East Asia. This work adds Pax islamita (Simon, 1873) as a new record of the species and genus to the zodariid spider fauna of Turkey. Material and Methods This study is based on specimens collected from southern Turkey and preserved in 70% ethanol. The identification was made by means of a SZX61 Olympus stereomicroscope and according to Levy (1990). Examined specimens are deposited in the Arachnology Museum of Nigde University (NUAM). All measurements are in millimetres. Results Pax islamita (Simon, 1873) (Figs. 1-11) Material examined: TURKEY: Kayseri province, Yahyali district, surrounding of Kapuz basi waterfalls, (37°46'N, 35°23'E), 1270m, under stones, 26.V.2007 (3d, 329). Osmaniye Province, Kadirli district, Karatepe National Park, Ciriikler village, (37°15'N, 36°13'E), 297m, under stone and on soil, 24.V.2007 (2¢@); Hasanbeyli district, (37°09'N, 36°27'E), 661m, under stone, 02.V.2007 (13); Toprakkale district, (37°03'N, 36°08'E), 01.V.2007 (16, 19). Kilis Province, Sabuncu village (36°50'N, 36°53'E), 521m, under stone, 02.V.2007 (19). Hatay Province, Dértyol district, Karakese village, (36°50’N, 36°16’E), 520m, 13.V.2008 (2¢6, 229). Ankara Province, Sincan district (39°58'N, 32°35'E), 855m, 21.VIII.2007 (14, 19). Description: Measurements. 2¢¢ (Fig. 1): Total length 7.5-8.0. Carapace length 3.8-4.0, width 3.0-3.2. Abdomen length 3.7-4.0, width 2.7-2.9; 229 (Fig. 2): Total length 9.0- 10.5. Carapace length 3.7-4.0, width 2.4-2.8. Abdomen length 5.3-6.5, width 3.2-4.0. Prosoma rectangular shaped, slightly narrowed in front, slightly elevated in the middle, shiny blackish-brown with no patterns. Male carapace slightly enlarged and darkened than female. Fovea is narrow and distinct. Anterior and posterior eye rows relatively procurved; all eyes are nearly equal and relatively equidistant. Chelicerae have the same colour of carapace; with small fangs. Endites and labium lighter than carapace. Sternum triangular shaped; dark brown with densely covered by black hairs. Legs reddish-yellow; femora dark brown. Abdomen dark, oval shaped with large dorsal scutum in male. Male palp (Figs. 3-5, 8-9) and epigyne (Figs. 6-7, 10-11) resemble description of Levy (1990). Comment: Adult males and females of Pax islamita were collected in May, except those from Sincan district, Ankara Province, in August. All species of genus Pax are known from the Middle East. P. meadi (O. P.- Cambridge, 1872) is only known from the type locality, Jericho, Palestine. P. libani (Simon, 1873) is recorded from Lebanon and Israel (7 localities, Levy, 1990). Adult males and females were taken in the winter and spring, November to March. P. palmonii Levy, 1990 and P. engediensis Levy, 1990 are only known from Israel. P. islamita (Simon, 1873) is recorded from Syria (Damascus), Lebanon (Beirut and near Ba’albek), and Israel (Tiberias, Dan, Mt Carmel, Wadi Natuf in Samaria, En Matta) where an adult male and a female were collected in May and one male was found in August (Levy, 1990). The recording of this species from Turkey widens its distribution to the north and west (Fig. 12). Acknowledgments The authors are indebted to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No. 1061133) for financial support of this work. They are also grateful to Dr. Aydin Topgu who provided them with the paper of Levy (1990). 3p ancegreaacesion Figs. 1-7: Photographs of Pax islamita (Simon, 1873). 1-2. General habitus. 1. Male. 2. Female. 3-5. Right male palp. 3. Prolateral view. 4. Retrolateral view. 5. Ventral view. 6-7. Female. 6. Epigynum, ventral view. 7. Vulvae, dorsal view. References Jocqué, R. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2006. Spider Families of the World. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, 336 pp. Levy, G. 1990. Spiders of the genus Lachesana and a new storenoid genus from Israel (Araneae: Zodariidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 327-362. Platnick, N.I. 2008. The world spider catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Topcu,.A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A checklist ofthe spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109-140. 53 / Figs. 8-11. Drawings of genitalia of Pax islamita (Simon, 1873). 8-9. Left male palp. 8. Ventral view. 9. Retrolateral view. 10-11. Female. 10. Epigynum, ventral view. 11. Vulvae, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm. Fig. 12. Distribution map of Pax islamita (Simon, 1873) [*] in the eastern Mediterranean region. 54 Serket (2008) vol. 11(2): 55-61. Three new records for the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Araneidae, Palpimanidae, Theridiidae) Kadir Bogac Kunt ', Ersen Aydin YaSmur * and Erman Tezcan ° | Turkish Arachnological Society, Eserkéy Sitesi 9/A Blok No 7, TR-06530 Umitkby, Ankara, Turkey * Ege University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Zoology Section, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey * Gaziantep University, Science and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, TR-27310 Sehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: chaetopelma@gmail.com Abstract Aculepeira carbonaria (L. Koch, 1869), Palpimanus sogdianus Charitonov, 1946 and Episinus maculipes Cavanna, 1876 (Araneidae, Palpimanidae, Theridiidae) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. Their characteristic features and genitalia drawings are presented, together with the geographical distribution of the species. Keywords: Aculepeira carbonaria, Episinus maculipes, Palpimanus sogdianus, Araneae, New records, Turkey. Introduction Turkey, with its different geographic regions, has a peculiar continental fauna rich of species due to its diverse ecosystem types. Although many reports have been made on terrestrial and aquatic animals from Turkey since the late 19" century, detailed studies on some groups are still needed; one of them is the order Araneae (spiders). It currently includes 108 families, 3694 genera, and 40.462 species (Platnick, 2008). Furthermore, 600 fossil species have been described (Selden, 1996; Selden & Dunlop, 1998). The most comprehensive lists of Turkish spiders are those of Karol (1967) who listed 302 species belonging to 119 genera with several subspecies, and Bayram (2002) who listed 520 species belonging to 162 genera from Turkey. Most recently, Topgu et al. (2005) prepared an updated checklist of spiders of Turkey, incorporating data from previous lists. In this study, a total of 613 species and 2 subspecies from Turkey were listed. Thereafter, many authors made contributions in their papers to the spider fauna of Turkey, such as Kaya et al. (2006), Seyyar et al. (2006a, b), Bayram et al. (2007a, b), Demir et al. (2007a, b), Kunt et al. (2008a, b). Currently, the spider fauna of Turkey consists of 676 species belonging to 226 genera (Bayram et al., 2008). The aim of the present study is to present new faunistic records for spider fauna of Turkey. In this paper, Aculepeira carbonaria (L. Koch, 1869), Episinus maculipes Cavanna, 1876 and Palpimanus sogdianus Charitonov, 1946 are reported as new records for the araneo-fauna of Turkey. Material and Methods All specimens were collected from three different localities of Gaziantep Province in Turkey (Fig. 1). The specimens were collected by means of hand aspirator or sweeping net and preserved in 70% ethanol. Identification was made by means of SMZ10A Nikon stereo microscope using the keys of Heimer & Nentwig (1991), Levi (1977), Marusik & Guseinov (2003). A camera lucida attached to the stereo microscope was used for the genitalia drawings. The specimens were deposited in the museum of the Turkish Arachnological Society (MTAS-TURKEY). All measurements are in millimetres. Fig. 1: Map of the study area. Results and Discussion I. Family Araneidae Simon, 1895 (Orb web spiders) includes 2979 described species in 166 genera, to be the third largest family, after Salticidae and Linyphiidae (Platnick, 2008). The araneid spiders are usually big and have relatively short and strong spined legs. The height of clypeus is less than two diameters of anterior median eyes. The chelicerae are always without lateral stridulation grooves and mostly with lateral condyle. The proximal paracymbium of the male palp is relatively small and glossy (Heimer & Nentwig 1991). Genus Aculepeira Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 has a median, ventral white streak on the dorsum but differs in both sexes by the elongate, egg-shaped abdomen; the female has a large sclerotized epigynum with a large scape; the male has a large palpus with long, prominent, median apophysis with two flagella and a large boat-shaped to disk-shaped conductor. Aculepeira differs from the related Araneus by having an elongate, egg- shaped abdomen that is widest anteriorly; the abdomen of the large Araneus usually ranges in shape from spherical to longer than wide and may have humps. Unlike any of the large Araneus species, Aculepeira species have a median, ventral white mark on the dorsum of abdomen (Levi, 1977). 56 Aculepeira carbonaria (L. Koch, 1869) (Fig. 2) Material examined: 399 (MTAS/Ara: 0609-11), Sarisalkim Village, (37°05'32.64"N; 37°16'42.06"E, Gaziantep Province), 02.V.2006, collected from the tops of dry annual plants by a sweeping net. Description: Body length (n=3): 8.08 (7.57-8.65). General appearance is darkish. Prosoma is greyish black, its sides are dark blackish brown with light border. Legs are greyish black with yellowish brown rings and blackish bristles. Legs measurements are given in Table (1). Opisthosoma is blackish, covered by patches of yellowish white spots, also covered with numerous setae. In addition, a yellowish brown pine tree like shape exists on the opisthosoma. World Distribution: Palaearctic (Platnick, 2008). Table 1: Legs measurements of Aculepeira carbonaria from Turkey. Leg (n=3) Femur Patella+ Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total I 4.21 pall, 381 1.43 14.12 I] 4.02 4.85 3.06 1.14 1307 Ill 2.58 2.87 1.82 0.90 8.07 IV 3.93 4.02 2.78 0.95 11.68 Fig. 2: Aculepeira carbonaria (L. Koch, 1869), female. A. Opisthosoma (Dorsal view). B. Epigyne (Ventral view). Scale lines = 0.25 mm. Remarks: This species is very similar to the other Turkish araneid Aculepeira ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802) but mostly dark coloured. According to Levi (1977), A. carbonaria is known only from European mountains, a thing is confirmed by Heimer & Nentwig (1991). Although it is treated by Platnick (2008) as a Palaearctic species, it seems that it has Euro-Asian range. The habitus, genitalia and body size of our specimens are similar to those of European specimens (Heimer & Nentwig, 1991). II. Family Palpimanidae Thorell, 1870 (Palp-footed spiders) includes 130 described species in 15 genera (Platnick, 2008). Instead of the six spinnerets, palpimanids have only two. In addition to the reduced number of spinnerets, palpimanids can be easily recognized by greatly enlarged first legs. All segments of the leg ] are modified. The coxa and trochanter are elongated and frequently bear dorsal tubercles. The femur is usually 57 expanded dorsally to twice the height of femora I] through IV. The patella is enormously elongated and usually longer than the tibia. The tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus bear thick prolateral scopulae composed of spade-shaped setae that may be receptors of some kind. The metatarsus is much shorter than in most other spiders, and rarely is as long as the tarsus, which is typically widened at the tip (Platnick, 1975). Genus Palpimanus Dufour, 1820 is characterized by having a red cephalothorax, more or less dark, large, with almost parallel margins and with a great cephalic development. It has six eyes in two lines on the front margin, the first line strongly procurved and the second slightly recurved. The appendages have the same colour of the prosoma and the first pair of legs is very strong. Palpimanus sogdianus Charitonov, 1946 (Fig. 3) Material examined: 229 (MTAS/Pal: 0703-04), Huzurlu Plateau, (36°58'46"N; 36°28'37"E, Gaziantep Province), 14.V1.2007, found under stones. Description: Body length (n=2), 5.90 (5.79-6.02). Prosoma is reddish brown. Chelicerae have the same colour of prosoma. Legs | are reddish brown. Legs II and IV are yellowish brown. Legs measurements are given in Table (2). Opisthosoma is yellowish brown with a lot of small sclerotized spots. World Distribution: Azerbaijan, Iran (Marusik & Guseinov, 2003); Central Asia (Platnick, 2008). Table 2: Legs measurements of Palpimanus sogdianus from Turkey. Leg (n=2) Femur Patella+ Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total l 1.61 1.14 0.57 O57 «3589 I] 122 1.64 0.57 0.41 3.84 II] 1.09 1.43 0.75 0.42 3.69 IV 1.43 2.00 0.98 0.58 94:99 3 & Fig. 3: Palpimanus sogdianus Charitonov, 1946, female. Epigyne (Ventral view) (redrawn after Marusik & Guseinov (2003: fig. 33). Scale line = 0.25 mm. 58 Remarks: Marusik & Guseinov (2003) recorded Palpimanus sogdianus from Azerbaijan in 2003 and stated that it is most closely related to Palpimanus schmitzi Kulczynski, 1909 which is distributed in Syria and Israel. We could not get type or comparing material of this species, but our specimens are similar to Azerbaijani specimens of P. sogdianus, especially the sclerotised spot pairs of epigyneal area and general appearance. III. Family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Cob web or Comb-footed spiders) includes 2288 described species in 98 genera (Platnick, 2008). Theridiids are commonly found in their webs on vegetation. Their general appearance may vary between genera, and they have relatively small globuler opisthosoma and mostly circular prosoma. Tarsus IV is characteristic with a tarsal comb consisting of a few serrated bristles. These bristles may be absent and are often difficult to recognize in the immature and male (Bayram et al., 2007a). Genus Episinus Walckenaer, 1809 has oval prosoma. Clypeus is usually projecting. Eyes are on slight tubercles. First leg is generally longest. Abdomen flat, usually modified with humps or nipples, widest behind middle. Colulus replaced by two setae. Epigynum with distinct openings. A pair of seminal receptacles present. Palpus complex with all sclerites (Yoshida, 1983). Episinus maculipes Cavanna, 1876 (Fig. 4) Material examined: 12 (MTAS/The: 0612), Sarisalkim Village, (37°05'36.86"N; 37°16'42.29"E, Gaziantep Province), 12.X1.2006, collected from the top of a dry annual plant by aspirator; 12 (MTAS/The: 0824), In the garden of Opet Anatolian High School, (37°00'31.1"N; 36°37'13.4"E, Islahiye District, Gaziantep Province), 27.11.2008, collected from the top of an annual plant by aspirator. Description: Body length (n=2), 5.03 (4.70-5.36). Ocular area is high. Prosoma is yellowish white, with brownish stains. Chelicerae are blackish brown. Sternum has median shiny blackish strips. A V shaped design, of yellowish white bristles, exists behind the ocular area. Legs are yellowish brown with rings, black spots and brownish bristles. Furthermore, first pair of legs is longer than the others. Legs measurements are given in Table (3). Opithosoma is yellowish brown with darkish spots posteriorly. Anterior part is hump shaped. Posterior borders have a lot of blackish brown bristles. In addition, a brownish white cross like shape exists on the opisthosoma. World Distribution: England to Algeria, Ukraine (Platnick, 2008). Table 3: Legs measurements of Episinus maculipes from Turkey. Leg (n=2) Femur Patella+ Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total l 3.43 3.13 3.03 0.28, 9.87 I] 2.29 2.45 1.94 0:22'0'"6.90 I] 1.08 1.09 1.04 0:22)" 343 IV 251 1.99 2.56 0.28 7.40 Remarks: According to Heimer & Nentwig (1991), this species occurs on the leaves of bushes and trees. In this study, the specimens were found on annual plants. E. maculipes is a Western Palaearctic species, widespread throughout southern Europe (Spain, France, Italy, Germany) including Isle of Wight in the north. It has also been recorded from Crimea (Kovblyuk et al., 2008). Our report is the most easternmost range of E. maculipes. The habitus, genitalia and body sizes of our specimens are similar to those of European specimens (Heimer & Nentwig, 1991). 3)) Fig. 4. Episinus maculipes Cavanna, 1876, female. A. Habitus (Dorsal view), B. Epigyne (Ventral view). Scale lines = 0.25 mm. Acknowledgment We are extremely indebted to Dr. Abdullah Bayram (University of Kurikkale, Department of Biology, Turkey) for his valuable comments and corrections. References Bayram, A. 2002. Tiirkiye Oriimceklerinin (Araneae) Tiir Listesi ve Yayilislar1, 23. (pp.638-657) Béliim. Genel Zoocografya ve Tiirkiye Zoocografyasi “Hayvan Cografyasi”’, In: Ali Demirsoy (Ed.), 5. Baski, Meteksan Yayinlari, 2002, 1007 sh. Bayram, A., Danisman, T., Yigit, N., Corak, I. & Sancak, Z. 2007a. New records for the Turkish Araneo-fauna: Theridion varians Hahn 1833, Dipoena melanogaster (C.L. Koch 1837) and Achaearanea riparia (Blackwall 1834) [Araneae: Theridiidae]. Zoology in the Middle East, 40: 119-120. Bayram, A., Danisman, T., Yigit, N., Corak, |. & Sancak, Z. 2007b. Three linyphiid species new to the Turkish araneo-fauna: Cresmatoneta mutinensis (Canestrini, 1868), Ostearius melanopygius (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879) and Trematocephalus cristatus (Wider, 1834) (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Serket, 10(3): 82-85. Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danigman, T. 2008. The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey (Araneae; Arachnida). Version 08.0.1. Turkish Arachnological Society. (on-line: http://www.araknolojidernegi.org.tr/turkishspiders/). Demir, H., Aktas, M., Topgu, A. & Seyyar, O. 2007a. A contribution to the crab spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae). Serket, 10(3): 86-90. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topgu, A. 2007b. A review of the genus Synema Simon, 1864 (Araneae: Thomisidae) in Turkey with a new record, Synema utotchkini Marusik & Logunov, 1995. Serket, 10(4): 120-122. Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. Karol, S. 1967. Tiirkiye Oriimcekleri. 1. On Liste. Ankara Universitesi Fen Fakiiltesi Yayinlart, 109(7): 1-37. 60 Kaya, R.S., Ugurtas, I.H. & Bayram, A. 2006. A new record for the Turkish spider fauna: Oecobius cellariorum (Dugés, 1836) (Araneae: Oecobiidae). Serket, 10(1): 25-28. Kovblyuk, M.M., Nadolny, A.A., Gnelitsa, V.A. & Zhukovets, E.M. 2008. Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of the Martyan Cape Reserve (Crimea, Ukraine). Caucasian Entomological Bull., 4: 3- 40. [In Russian]. Kunt, K.B., Yagmur, E.A. & Elverici, M. 2008a. The cave dwelling arthropods of Dim cave (Turkey: Antalya: Alanya). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 3(2): 682-690. Kunt, K.B., Yagmur, E.A. & Ulgezer, V. 2008b. Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841) (Araneae: Hahniidae), a new record of a comb-tailed spider from Turkey. Serket, 11(1): 19-22. Levi, H.W. 1977. The orb-weaver genera Metepeira, Kaira and Aculepeira in America north of Mexico (Araneae, Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard, 148:185-238. Marusik, Y.M. & Guseinov, E.F. 2003. Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 1. New family and genus records. Arthropoda Selecta, 12(1): 29-46. Platnick, N.I. 1975. A revision of the palpimanid spiders of the new subfamily Otiothopinae (Araneae, Palpimanidae). American Museum Novitates, 2562: 1-32. Platnick, N.J. 2008. The world spider catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Selden, P.A. 1996. First fossil mesothele spider, from the Carboniferous of France. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, volume hors série \\: 585-596. Selden, P.A. & Dunlop, J.A. 1998. Fossil taxa and relationships of chelicerates. 303-331. Jn Edgecombe, G. (ed.). Arthropod fossils and phylogeny. Columbia University Press, New York. 1-347. Seyyar, O., Demir, H. & Topgu, A. 2006a. A contribution to the gnaphosid spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Serket, 10(2): 49-52. Seyyar, O., Demir, H., Topgu, A. & Tasdemir, A. 2006b. Phaeocedus is a new genus of ground spider (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in Turkey. Scientific Research and Essay, |: 26-27. Topgu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar,O. 2005. A checklist ofthespiders of Turkey. Serker, 9(4): 109-140. Yoshida, H. 1983. Spiders from Taiwan IV. The Genus Episinus (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo, 31: 73-77. 61 Serket (2008) vol. 11(2): 62-64. The first record of family Hersiliidae from Turkey (Arachnida: Araneae) Ersen Aydin Yagmur ', Kadir Bo&ag Kunt * and Mehmet Yalgin ° Ege University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Zoology Section, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey ~ Turkish Arachnological Society, Eserkéy Sitesi 9/A Blok No 7, TR-06635 Umitkéy, Ankara, Turkey * Gaziantep University, Science and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, TR-27310 Sehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: chaetopelma@gmail.com Abstract Hersiliola macullulata (Dufour, 1831) (Araneae, Hersiliidae) and family Hersiliidae are recorded from Turkey for the first time. Keywords: Hersiliola macullulata, Hersiliidae, Araneae, New Record, Turkey. Introduction Hersiliidae is a small family of flat, highly cryptic, medium-sized spiders, which mostly live on tree trunks or rocky crags. They can easily be recognized by the flattened body, raised eye region, the extremely long posterior spinnerets, and the long legs stretched out radially on tree bark or lichen-covered crags (Chen, 1994). The spiders are cryptic since their flat bodies are well camouflaged. Only the reflection of the sunlight on guide threads deposited on the tree trunks will help to find them (Dippenaar-Schoemann & Jocqué, 1997). They are very fast movers, in particular after disturbances. They subdue their prey by fixing it to the tree trunk with bands of silk produced by their rapidly rotating long spinnerets. The egg sac can be attached to the tree trunk like a little volcano or may hang on a stalk from branches (Baehr & Baehr, 1987). Hersiliidae Thorell, 1870 includes 157 described species belonging to 11 genera (Platnick, 2008). Genus Hersiliola was described by Thorell in 1870. It includes five species. They are: H. macullulata (Dufour, 1831), H. versicolor (Blackwall, 1865), H. simoni (O.P.- Cambridge, 1872), H. pallida Kroneberg, 1875 and H. afghanica Roewer, 1960. No hersiliid species has been recorded before from Turkey (Topcu ef al., 2005). Only an unidentified specimen of Hersiliola is known from the South-East Anatolian Region of Turkey (Bayram, 2002). This is the first record of Hersiliola macullulata (Dufour, 1831) and the family Hersiliidae from Turkey. Material and Methods Three males and two females of Hersiliola macullulata (Dufour, 1831) were collected from Giivegg¢i village, Yayladag: district, Hatay province, Turkey (Fig. 1). The specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the Arachnology Museum of the Turkish Arachnological Society (MTAS-TURKEY). The identification was made by means of a SMZ10A Nikon Stereo microscope with a camera lucida, using the key and data of Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2005). A B Fig. 1: A. Sampling locality of Hersiliola macullulata (Dufour, 1831) in Turkey (circle ® = Hatay Province). B. Habitat picture. Results Hersiliola macullulata (Dufour, 1831) (Fig. 2) Material examined: 3¢¢ (MTAS/Her:0701-03) and 229 (MTAS/Her:0704-05), Giivegcgi village, Yayladagi district, Hatay province, Turkey (35°53'36.63"N, 36° 9'38.10"E), 29.1V.2007, found under stones. Description: Female (n=2): Body length 3.50-5.97 mm. Prosoma pale yellowish with dark spots; clypeus pale with median dark line. Ocular area darkish brown; opisthosoma yellowish with dark spots. Anterior median eyes are larger than others. Chelicarae are | very elongate. Medioposterior part of epigyne T-shaped, widens posteriorly into broad sclerotization; copulatory ducts elongate, with at least four or more coils, extending well beyond large spermathecae; seminal receptacles small. Leg | measurements (mm): femur 2.47-2.51, patella+tibia 3.13-3.15, metatarsus 2.69-2.70, tarsus 1.01-1.03. Male (n=3): Body length 3.27-3.86 mm, generally resemble females, but prosoma wider and body length smaller than females. Palpal tibia stout, as long as wide. Sperm duct regularly curved. Embolus coiled, filiform, originating retrolaterally on bulbus; median tegular apophysis hook shaped with apex acute. Leg | measurements (mm): femur 2.12- 2.18, patellat+tibia 2.57-2.61, metatarsus 2.24-2.28, tarsus 0.84-0.95. Discussion H. macullulata is a Palaearctic species recorded from the Mediterranean region (Algeria, Spain and Israel) to Turkmenistan and also found in the Afrotropical region (Burkina Faso) (Levy, 2003; Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2005; Platnick, 2008). Habitus and other characters, epigyne and palp structures, are similar to those of Burkina Faso’s specimens (Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2005). However, body size of Turkish 63 specimens is smaller than those specimens’ size. Body length of Turkish specimens is averagely 3.5 mm in male, and 4.7 mm in female, while in Burkina Faso’s specimens it is 3.75 mm for male, and 4.95 mm for female. Fig. 2: Hersiliola macullulata (Dufour, 1831). A. 9 Epigyne (Ventral view), B. 3 Palp (Ventral view). (redrawn after Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2005: figs. 2F, 2A). Scale lines: A = 0.5 mm, B = 1 mm. Acknowledgment The authors are very grateful to Dr. Stefan Foord (Department of Zoology, University of Venda, South Africa) for providing literature and for his valuable help. References Baehr, B. & Baehr, M. 1987. The Australian Hersiliidae (Arachnida: Araneae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Zoogeography. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 1: 351-437. Bayram, A. 2002. Tiirkiye Oriimceklerinin (Araneae) Tiir Listesi ve Yayilislari, 23. (pp.638-657) Boliim. Genel Zoocografya ve Tiirkiye Zoocografyasi “Hayvan Cografyasi”, In: Ali Demirsoy (Ed.), 5. Baski, Meteksan Yayinlari, 2002, 1007 sh. Chen, S.H. 1994. A new record of spider, Hersilia asiatica Song and Zheng, from Taiwan (Araneae: Hersiliidae). Biological Bulletin of National Taiwan Normal University, 29: 1-3. Dippenaar-Schoemann, A.S. & Jocqué, R. 1997. African Spiders: An Identification Manual. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook, no. 9, Pretoria, 392 pp. Foord, S.H. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2005. A revision of the Afrotropical species of Hersiliola Thorell and Tama Simon with the description of a new genus Tyrotama (Araneae: Hersiliidae). African Entomology, 13(2): 255-279. Levy, G. 2003. Spiders of the families Anyphaenidae, Hahniidae, Ctenidae, Zoridae, and Hersiliidae (Araneae) from Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 49: 1-31. Platnick, N.I. 2008. The world spider catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Top¢u, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar,O. 2005. Achecklist ofthe spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109-140. 64 Serket (2008) vol. 11(2): 65-77. Sun-spiders of Sudan (Arachnida: Solpugida) [Introductory study] Hisham K. El-Hennawy 41, El-Manteqa El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el_ hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract This work includes a list of 25 species of 12 genera of 4 families of order Solpugida recorded from Sudan. Fifteen species are endemic. The distribution of every species is included. A key to the recorded families, genera and species is prepared. Keywords: Sun-spiders, Solpugida, Arachnida, Sudan. Introduction My first visit to Sudan (23 July - 10 August 2008) activated me to get an idea about its arachnological fauna. | could find only a few papers dealing with arachnids of Sudan, especially its sun spiders. Hence, the following work is prepared to present a list of sun spiders species previously recorded from Sudan with keys to families, genera and species depending on the works of Roewer (1933, 1934), Turk (1960) and El-Hennawy (1990, 1999). This preliminary list is mainly extracted from the works of Roewer (1933, 1934, 1941), El-Hennawy (1999) and Harvey (2003) in addition to the work of Benoit (1964). It includes 25 solpugid species classified within 12 genera and 4 families. Fifteen species are endemic, only recorded from Sudan. The distribution of every species in Sudan is included in the list after species name. After the list and key to families, a simplified catalogue of solpugid Sudanese species is presented including main references, the page number in Harvey’s catalogue (2003), and distribution in the world and Sudan.. Abbreviations used: {T} = Type species; * = endemic species, known only from Sudan; [H 220] = Harvey’s catalogue, 2003, p. 220. Order Solpugida List and distribution of Sudanese species of Order Solpugida I. Family Daesiidae Kraepelin, 1899 2 genera, 6 species (2 *) Genus Biton Karsch, 1880 Sspp.(273) Biton bellulus (Pocock, 1902) * - Wadi Sinkat (?). Biton ehrenbergi Karsch, 1880 {T} - Dunqulah (northern Sudan), Nubia. Biton lividus Simon, 1882 * - Sennar, Kordofan: EI] Obeid. Biton ragazzii (Kraepelin, 1899) - Port Sudan. Biton wicki (Birula, 1915) - Abu-Gat, Sennar, Senga, Khartoum, Koshak, Darfur: Kulme. Genus Blossia Simon, 1880 1 sp. Blossia spinosa Simon, 1880 {T} - Sennar, Dilling, Kur el Affiun (southern Sudan). I]. Family Galeodidae Sundevall 1833 3 genera, 8 species (4 *) Genus Galeodes Pallas, 1772 6 spp. (2 *) Galeodes arabs C.L.Koch, 1842 — Khartoum, Omdurman, Shendi ?, Mongalla. Galeodes barbarus Lucas, 1846 - Sudan. Galeodes edentatus Benoit, 1964 * - Khartoum. Galeodes granti Pocock, 1903 - Khartoum and its vicinity. Galeodes kraepelini Roewer, 1934 - Shendi ? Galeodes schendicus Roewer, 1934 * - Shendi. Genus Othoes Hirst, 1911 lspt Othoes floweri Hirst, 1911 {T} * - Wadi Halfa. Genus Paragaleodes Kraepelin, 1899 Isp. (ita Paragaleodes sericeus Kraepelin, 1899 * - Shendi ? I]J. Family Rhagodidae Pocock 1897 4 genera, 6 species (6 *) Genus Rhagodalma Roewer, 1933 1 Spree) Rhagodalma melanocephala Roewer, 1933 {T} * - Nubia. Genus Rhagodessa Roewer, 1933 3. spp2G*) Rhagodessa cloudsleythompsoni Benoit, 1964 * - N. of Khartoum. Rhagodessa melanocephala (Simon, 1879) {T} * - Nubia, Darfur (Zalingei). Rhagodessa sudanensis Roewer, 1933 * - Sennar. Genus Rhagodeya Roewer, 1933 tsp. 204) Rhagodeya nubia Roewer, 1933 {T} * - Nubia (Koshesh), Sennar. Genus Rhagoduna Roewer, 1933 lesp:, Cis) Rhagoduna nocturna Roewer, 1933 {T} * - Sennar. IV. Family Solpugidae Leach 1815 3 genera, 5 species (3 *) Genus Solpugassa Roewer, 1933 1 sp. Solpugassa dentatidens (Simon, 1879) - Bahr el Jebel or on the banks of the White Nile. Genus Zeria Simon, 1879 3)spp; (257) Zeria fordi (Hirst, 1907) - Nubia Mountains, Talodi. Zeria funksoni (Birula, 1915) * - Galegu, Sennar (Central Sudan). Zeria schweinfurthi (Karsch, 1880) * - Jur river (southern Sudan), Djebel Marra. Genus Zeriassa Pocock, 1897 spsiGl*) Zeriassa sudanica Roewer, 1933 * - Sennar. 66 Key to Solpugid Families recorded in Sudan 1. Anus : ventrally located Family RHAGODIDAE Tarsal segmentation : 1-1-1-] Heavy-bodied; short-legged; small to large (10-60 mm) Leg | : tarsi : with a pretarsus + 2 claws metatarsi : with a dense ventral clothing of short spinelike setae Male cheliceral flagellum : paraxially immovable; composed of 2 flattened, curled, setae that form a nearly complete, slightly curved, truncate, hornlike tube on the mesial surface Distribution : north-eastern Africa, south-western Asia, and Near East [27 genera, 98 species] SMMC ECO EE NINTICUIRY NOCRUCEL ccccscecestnescrineacheceasasersseererconssscdectiveecssessecstotneosercstsceassenacseusuee 2 2. Tarsal segmentation : 1-4-4-(6-7) Family SOLPUGIDAE Long-legged; small to large (8-60 mm) Leg | : tarsi : without claws Male cheliceral flagellum : paraxially immovable; mesodorsal to dorsal, whiplike structure separated from the fixed cheliceral finger by a suture Distribution : predominantly in Africa [17 genera, 191 species] aed Oram See MMentAtON s) 1-11-10 10 Fa 2-2-4 oo ooo coronccccceccncecncscereccscccsesccccccescccosscedusocesscoese 3 3. Tarsal claws of legs 2 to 4 : setaceous Family GALEODIDAE Tarsal segmentation : 1-2-2-3 Long-legged; small to large (12-70 mm) Leg 1 : tarsi : without claws or with | or 2 claws Male cheliceral flagellum : paraxially movable; a single, capitate (terminally enlarged) seta located on the mesial surface Distribution : northern Africa, and Asia [8 genera, 199 species] -. Tarsal claws of legs 2 to 4 : smooth Family DAESIIDAE Tarsal segmentation : 1-1-1-1 to 1-2-2-4 Long-legged; tiny to moderate-sized (6-23 mm) Leg | : tarsi : without claws Male cheliceral flagellum : paraxially movable, ovate to irregular membranous structure attached to the mesial surface by a disk Propeltidium : exterior lobes : fused Distribution ; Africa, southern Europe, Near East, and South America [6 subfamilies, 28 genera, 189 species] 28 Ok 2K EK KO OK OK KOK KK KK I. Family Daesiidae Kraepelin, 1899 2 genera, 6 species (2 *) Key to genera 1. Tarsal segmentation 1-2-2-4 Biton -. Tarsal segmentation 1-1-1-2 Blossia Genus Biton Karsch, 1880 Seppe) Key dd 1. Movable cheliceral finger with 1 front tooth and 1 main tooth; intermediate teeth wanting. Flagellum (Fig. 1). Body length 10 mm . Eee .. B. ragazzii -. Movable cheliceral finger with 1 front tooth, 1 big main tooth ‘and 1 or 2 small MGR ete VSP ore en eee cee cas cncln a cloinsce's ss stssuivin tein ve acleajenewice sos seenne 2 5 Figs. 1-5. Prolateral view of ¢ right chelicera. (After Roewer, 1933) 1. Biton ragazzii (fig. 278 dp.398) 2. Biton ehrenbergi (fig. 275 b)-2 p.389) 3. Biton bellulus (fig. 275 c p.389) 4. Biton wicki (fig. 276 a p.392) 5. Biton lividus (fig. 277 dp.395) (b2 = tip of immovable finger oblique-lateral) 2. Edge of immovable finger solid, enlarged behind the tip forming a longitudinal groove against the front tooth of the movable finger. Immovable finger without front teeth (Figs. 2, 3)°.scsscecas naqnseete ae soceceae thence: eeeree precede ee tices: (eee are eee ae 3 -. Edge of immovable finger without such longitudinal groove. Immovable finger with | or 2 distinct: frontiteeth cna-ceet. 0. OOS S... eee eee ee 8 ee ee ~ 3. Immovable finger without intermediate teeth, with main tooth and 4 median and lateral cheek teeth. Flagellum (Fig. 2). Pedipalp metatarsus ventrally with 1.2.2.2 spines and tarsus with | median spine. Colour pale yellow, legs yellow. Body length 14-18 mm wid's ince) bisa2e oe a ele CERES On eee se RC eC pais Sees sate anes isle = haloes saan Saar ae eae B. ehrenbergi -. Immovable finger with 1 small intermediate tooth before the main tooth. Flagellum (Fig. 3). Pedipalp only with bristles, tarsus without spines. Colour rusty yellow, opisthosomal tergite with 3 narrow yellow long stripes, legs brown. Body length 13 mm B. bellulus SR mw eee eee EEE HEHEHE EER EEE EH EEE HEHEHE EEE EHEEHEHE EHH HEHEHE EHH EHH EEE EH EH EE TEES 68 4. Immovable finger with only | distinct front tooth and 1 intermediate tooth between the front tooth and the main tooth. Movable finger with 1 intermediate tooth. Flagellum (Fig. 4). Body length 18-20 mm . { BS $0178 .. B. wicki -. Immovable finger with 2 distinct front teeth ‘dl 1 agemmedicie tooth benveen the 2 front teeth and the main tooth. Flagellum (Fig. 5). Body length 10-11 mm........ B. lividus Key 29 1. Chelicerae quite uniformly rusty yellow, without dark brown longitudinal stripes ...... 2 -. Chelicerae with 2 dorsal dark brown longitudinal stripes (often besides a third lateral one). Opisthosomal tergite with more or less distinct brown median stripe ................ 3 2. Tergite of the opisthosoma with distinct brown median stripe. Body length 10-12 mm er ee ain STs Lee I ees Wieden een gee ete B. lividus -. Tergite of the opisthosoma only with a hint of a brown median stripe. Body length 18 DLV hays a Mie Sn cae B. ehrenbergi 3. Tergite of the opisthosoma with three brownish longitudinal stripes. Body length 15 SAIN PY asics a Pec dactacivcnata/Aeniein» Joqwirinie + oid huasinebicies tines ayes «tape ne. Hate oe B. bellulus -.Tergite of the opisthosoma irregularly brownish. Body length 18-20 mm ....... B. wicki Biton bellulus (Pocock, 1902) [H 220] Distribution: Sudan (Wadi Sinkat) ?. Ref: 1. B. b. Roewer, 1933 pp. 391, 401, 402 fig. 27Sc. Note. In Harvey (2003: p.220) “Type locality: Wadi Sikait, A] Bahr al Ahmar, Egypt. Distribution: Egypt”. Nevertheless, Roewer (1933: p. 402) mentioned “Biton bellulus Pocock 1902 S. 6 (sub Daesia). 3, 9- Agypten (Wadi Sinkat)”. El-Hennawy (1998) made the same and recorded this species from Egypt too. But Wadi Sinkat is in Sudan (?). Biton ehrenbergi Karsch, 1880 {T} [H 220-221] Distribution: Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, Italy, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan (Dunqulah (as Dongolah), northern Sudan), Tunisia. Ref: 1. Daesia e. Kraepelin, 1901 pp. 96-97 figs. 65-66. [Nubien] 2. B. e. Roewer, 1933 pp. 390, 391, 400, 402 figs. 275bj-2, 2781. 3. B. e. Roewer, 1941 p. 140. 4. B. e. Benoit, 1964 pp. 96-97. 5. B. e. Delle Cave & Simonetta, 1971 pp. 44-45. Biton lividus Simon, 1882 [H 222] Type locality: Aswan (as Assuan), Aswan, Egypt. Distribution: Egypt, Eritrea, Sudan. Ref: 1. Daesia livida Kraepelin, 1901 p. 98. [Ober- Agypten (Assuan)] 2. B. lL Roewer, 1933 p. 403 fig. 277d [Brit. und Agypt. Sudan (Sennar, Kordofan; El Obeid)]. 3. B. 1. Benoit, 1964 p. 97. Biton ragazzii (Kraepelin, 1899) [H 223] Distribution: Djibouti, Eritrea, Sudan. Ref: 1. Daesiar. Kraepelin, 1901 p. 99 fig. 68. [Erythraea] 2. B. r. Roewer, 1933 p. 403 fig. 278d [Erythraea, Port Sudan]. 3. B. r. Roewer, 1941 p. 140. 4. B. r. Benoit, 1964 p. 97. 5. B. r. Delle Cave & Simonetta, 1971 pp. 46-48. 69 Biton wicki (Birula, 1915) [H 226] Type locality: Abu-Gas, Sudan. Distribution: Egypt, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen. Ref: 1. B. w. Roewer, 1933 p. 403 fig. 276a [Brit. und Agypt. Sudan (Abu-Gat, Sennar, Khartoum, Koshak, Darfur: Kulme); Abessinien (Dire Daua); Somaliland]. 2. Daesia w. Whittick, 1941 pp. 48-49, fig. 8. [Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Abu-Gat, Sennaar, Senga, Khartoum, Koshak, Darfur)] 3. B. w. Benoit, 1964 p. 96. 4. B. w. Delle Cave & Simonetta, 1971 p. 56. Genus Blossia Simon, 1880 1 sp. Blossia spinosa Simon, 1880 {T} [H 218] Type locality: E] Mex, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Egypt. Distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Palestine, Sudan, Tunisia. Ref: 1. B. s. Simon, 1880 p. 400. 2. B. s. Kraepelin, 1901 p. 102 fig. 74. 3. B. s. Roewer, 1933 pp. 371-372, figs. 265a'”. [Oberagypten (Sennar, Dilling, Kur el Affiun)] (Fig. 6) Fig. 6. Blossia spinosa, prolateral view Fig. 7. Tarsal ventral spines of legs. of ¢ right chelicera. a-b. Galeodes. c-d. Othoes. (After Roewer, 1933 fig. 287c p.430) (After Roewer, 1934. fig. 313 d-g p.504) I]. Family Galeodidae Sundevall 1833 3 genera, 8 species (3 *) Key to genera 1. Claws: unguiculus more or less half the length of the pedunculus of the claw. Tarsi of legs 2 & 3, segments 1 & 2 with 1.1.2.2/2 or 1.2.2.2/2 ventral spines (Fig. 7c, d) Othoes -. Claws: unguiculus never more than a quarter of the length of the pedunculus of the claw. Tarsi of legs 2 & 3, segments | & 2 with 1.1.2/2 or 2.2.2/2 ventral spines (Fig. 7a, 2. Tarsus | with a bush of hairs terminally and either without claws or with only rudimentary ones. Pedipalpal metatarsus of more or less equal thickness throughout its length. Tarsus of pedipalp ovate. Appendages short. Body, especially in the males covered with golden or bright canary yellow hairs. Male flagellum cochleariform, the two sides not symmetrically broadened Paragaleodes -. Tarsus | with a pair of small terminal claws usually easily seen. Pedipalpal metatarsus slimmer distally. Tarsus of pedipalp more or less pear-shaped. Appendages long. Body not covered with characteristic yellow hairs. Flagellum of male cultriform with the outline symmetrically broadened Galeodes 70 Genus Galeodes Pallas, 1772 6 spp. (2 *) Key dd ie Movavre cheliceralfinger with t intermediate tOO8h ......5.....c..c.cscceecsncescecraccesteceese ) puMmovable Cheliceral finger with 2 or 3 intermediate teeth... 0. ......ccesecsesscsseoseeseeoeece-es 3 2. Immovable cheliceral finger with 1 intermediate tooth. Metatarsus of the pedipalp, ventrally, without cylindrical bristles. All sternites of the opisthosoma without sensory ctenidia. Plantar bristles of tarsus 4 needle-like (Type 1). Colour uniformly brown. Body ELLs RIEL ak Rl Dialer! ht 2 OE. trl Ae ol A a ee G. granti -. Immovable finger without any clear tooth (Fig. 8). Metatarsus of the pedipalp, ventrally, with 7 pairs of short spines and cylindrical bristles. Sternite 6 of the opisthosoma with ctenidia composed of 14-16 long bristles. Colour yellowish-red. Body MAO STII EN re cde ae ee cL oe rc al erie os catlestadin Sevted G. edentatus 3. Movable finger with 3 intermediate teeth. Immovable finger with 2 intermediate teeth. Metatarsus of the pedipalp without cylindrical bristles. Colour rusty yellow. Opisthosoma with dorsal black median stripe. Body length 18mm ...........:sseeseeeeeeees G. schendicus -. Movable finger with 2 intermediate teeth. Immovable finger with | intermediate tooth Sen ee eer eee es aaerier hae Miian. ee ae cls seat Fwd g ce + ide eacusis vnjape one + daieecie as « = 4. Metatarsus of the pedipalp, ventrally, without cylindrical bristles. Only sternite 6 of the opisthosoma with ctenidia. Opisthosoma dorsally with entirely black median stripe. Plantar bristles of tarsus 4 obtusely clavate (Type IV). Body length until 34 mm erties Senate. Sete nh. ebrode cade x Seiphein d= qdecctesitesilie vias ae i539 s:005'0 Leg IV > Leg II > Leg III. For leg and pedipalp measures see Table (2). Labium and endites pale brown. Abdomen is rounded at the front, narrowed near the posterior point, longer than high, triangular shaped laterally and varies greatly in size and in shape (Figs. 2-5). Posterior point of abdomen ending with four projections. Dorsum variable in colour, especially yellowish-brown, mottled white or with silvery patches and darker cardiac mark is present. The cardiac mark is extending with a dark mid-dorsal thin line to posterior end of abdomen (Fig. 8). Venter brown to black mottled. Male: As female, except for the following: Carapace darker, cephalic region higher than in female, male has a slimmer abdomen, legs darker, thinner and longer than in female. The male distinctly differs in the form of carapace, both clypeal and cephalic projections. Clypeal and cephalic projections bear strong setae and do not bear the eyes (Figs. 6-7). Abdomen dorsum without mid-dorsal dark line. Table 1. General body measurements (in mm) of Neospintharus syriacus (O. P.- Cambridge, 1872). L = length, W = width, TBL = total body length. CarapaceL CarapaceW AbdomenL Abdomen W TBs 1.11-—1.16 0.80-—0.86 1.77-—1.83 0.83-—0.87 2.88—2.99 112-125 0.80-0.85 3.17-—4.27 1.05 — 1.5 4.29 —5.52 Male Female Table 2. Leg and pedipalp measurements (in mm) of male and female specimens of Neospintharus syriacus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872). patella tibia metatarsus 0.38-0.40 0.11-0.13 0.12-14 - 0.29 — 0.32 2.71—2.75 0.27—0.31 2.21-—2.24 211—2:15 Wao 1.73—-1.77 0.28=0.31 1:29—1.33 iA13=—1.16 — 0.63066 0.6-1.0 0.27-0.31 0.51-—0.55 0.58 —0.63 0.46 — 0.5 1.93-—1.97 0.38-—0.41 1.13-—1.16 1.08—1.11 0.4 —0.7 032-04 0.1-015 0.15-0.2 - 0.3 — 0.35 2.8-—3.07 04-047 2.27-2.60 1.62-—1.75 0.82 — 0.9 167-18 0.27-0.42 1.27-—1.47 12-—1.25 0.72—0.77 1.0-1.1 0.3-0.32 0.52-0.57 0.62-—0.7 0.52 — 0.55 2.02—2.25 0.40—0.42 1.22-1.35 1.2-1.3 0.72 —0.77 Pedipalp Leg I Leo Leg III Leg IV Pedipalp Keo Leo Leg III Leg lV Male Female Diagnosis N. syriacus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) can be distinguished from the other known Neospintharus species by the following genital characters (Figs. 9-12): 1. Apical part of median apophysis is rough and granulated, 2. embolus with two branches, one longer and pointed, the other short and rounded, 3. conductor spoon shaped, 4. epigynum with triangle shaped median plate. 90 Figs. 8-12: Neospintharus syriacus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872). 8. Female general habitus, dorsal view. 9-10. Female epigynum, ventral view. 11-12. Male left palpus, retrolateral view. C=conductor, E = embolus, M = median apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1mm. Fig.13. Female Neospintharus syriacus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) is hanging in a pholcid web upside down. © Photo was taken by Mr. Richard Gallon from Titus (Vespasianus) Tunnel, Cevlik, Samandag, Hatay. Fig.14. Titus (Vespasianus) Tunnel where N. syriacus was collected in Hatay city. © Photo was taken by Kadir Boga¢ Kunt. 9] Habitat and distribution Cambridge (1872) collected N. syriacus on webs of Cyrtophora (Araneidae) from Lebanon. Levy (1985) collected most specimens of N. syriacus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) on water-dripping Adiantum ferns. He collected only very few specimens from webs of Linyphiidae and Pholcidae in Israel. More recently, this species was recorded from Greece and Cyprus by Knoflach-Thaler et a/. (2008) and the authors collected most samples of N. syriacus by beating, only a few samples were collected in orb-webs. We collected all of our samples from webs of members of Araneidae, Pholcidae and Theridiidae. The samples were taken their typical positions (hang in the host web upside down) on the host webs (Fig. 13). The majority of our samples were captured in the webs of Pholcidae and Theridiidae among big stones of Titus (Vespasianus) Tunnel (Fig. 14). N. syriacus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) was recorded from Lebanon, Israel, Greece and Cyprus (Platnick, 2009; Knoflach-Thaler er a/., 2008). Knoflach-Thaler et al. (2008) indicated that this species is more widespread through Mediterranean countries. The recording of this species from Turkey widens its distribution in Mediterranean region. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Dr. Yuri M. Marusik (Magadan, Russia) and Dr. Barbara Knoflach-Thaler (Innsbruck, Austria) for providing literature. Thanks are due to Mr. Altug Kiziltug (Ankara, Turkey), Mr. Richard Gallon (North Wales, U.K.), Mr. Guy Tansley (Newcastle, U.K.), Mr. Ray Gabriel (Oxford, U.K.), Mr. Ahmet Bozardi¢ (Gaziantep, Turkey), Mr. Gékhan Calisir (Gaziantep, Turkey), and Mr. Erman Tezcan (Gaziantep, Turkey) for their valuable help during our field trips. Also, authors wish to thank Prof. Dr. Gékay Kaynak for allowing to use Leica M205 C Stereo Microscope (Research Foundation of Uludag University Project No: F-2005/4). References Agnarsson, I. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 141: 447-626. Bayram, A. 2002. Distribution of Turkish spiders. Jn: Demirsoy, A., ed. Zoogeography of Turkey. Meteksan Publ., Ankara, 1005 pp. Cambridge, O. P.-. 1872. General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1871: 212-354. Karol, S. 1967. Tiirkiye Oriimcekleri. IL On Liste. Ankara Universitesi Fen Fakiiltesi Yayinlari, Ankara, 34 s. Knoflach-Thaler, B., Van Keer, J., Askins, A. & Russell-Smith, T. 2008. Neospintharus syriacus — anew widespread species in the Eastern Mediterranean? News/. Br. arachnol. Soc., 113: 9. Levy, G. 1985. Spiders of the genera Episinus, Argyrodes and Coscinida from Israel, with additional notes on Theridion (Araneae: Theridiidae). J. Zool., Lond., (A), 207: 87-123. McCrate, A.T. & Uetz, G.W. 2009. Kleptoparasites: a twofold cost of group living for the colonial spider, Metepeira incrassata (Araneae, Araneidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 1\pp online DOI 10.1007/s00265-009-0855-x Platnick, N.I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Topgu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109-140. oF Serket (2009) vol. 11(3/4): 93-101. _ Genus Uroctea Dufour, 1820 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) in Turkey Kadir Bogac Kunt ', Ersen Aydin YaSmur ”, Tarik Danisman °, Abdullah Bayram ° and Rahsen S. Kaya * Eserkéy Sitesi, 9/A Blok, No:7, TR-06635, Umitkéy Ankara, Turkey * Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, TR-35100, Izmir, Turkey > Kirikkale University, Sciences and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, TR-71450 Yahsihan, Kinikkale, Turkey * Uludag University, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Biology, TR-16059 Niliifer, Bursa, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: chaetopelma@gmail.com Abstract The Uroctea Dufour, 1820 species of Turkey are presented in this study. Until now, only U. durandi (Latreille, 1809) is known from Turkey. Here, we record for the first time from Turkey U. thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007 which was originally described from Yemen. All available information on these little known Oecobiidae species is presented along with comments on their distribution pattern in Turkey. Also, some characteristic features with photographs of genitalia and general habitus of both sexes are presented. Keywords: Uroctea durandi, Uroctea thaleri, Oecobiidae, Spiders, Turkey. Introduction The old world genus Uroctea Dufour, 1820 is one of the six genera currently belonging to the family Oecobiidae. It was described by the French naturalist Léon Jean- Marie Dufour in 1820 and includes 18 species which are predominantly distributed in the Palaearctic region (Platnick, 2009). Roewer (1959) first mentioned Uroctea durandi (Latreille, 1809) from Adana province of Turkey. However, neither a specimen nor a figure was shown in his paper, this makes comparison with other species impossible. Afterwards, Top¢u er al. (2006) have been reported U. durandi from Adana, Mersin and Nigde provinces. In the present study, U. durandi (Latreille, 1809) and U. thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007 of genus Uroctea were studied. U. thaleri is recorded for the first time in the Turkish araneofauna. Material and methods Specimens from the following institutions were examined/cited. Abbreviations, cities and curators are as follows: MNHN = Muséum National d ‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (C. Rollard); MTAS = Museum of Turkish Arachnological Society, Ankara, Turkey (K.B. Kunt); OUMNH = Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, England (Z. Simmons); ZMB = Museum fiir Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, Germany (J. Dunlop). Specimens were photographed using an HP Photosmart R707 camera attached to an Euromex ZE.1654 stereomicroscope. For SEM photographs, the materials were examined at an accelerating voltage of 15 kv under Jeol JSM 6360 LV Scanning Electron Microscope, and the electron micrographs were recorded. All measurements are in millimetres. Epigynes were dissected and submerged in 5% KOH to study internal structures. Results Family Oecobiidae Blackwall, 1862 Genus Uroctea Dufour, 1820 Dufour, Ann. gén. sci. phys. v, p. 198, 1820; Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. i, p. 451, 1893 Uroctea durandi (Latreille, 1809) (Fig. 1). Material examined: Antalya Province. 2 females, Fener Quarter, Muratpasa District (36°50'52.91"N, 30°46'12.27"E), 02.X.2008, K.B. Kunt leg.; 1 female, Mahmutlar Town, Alanya District (36°29'17.18"N, 32°07'3.90"E), 26.IX.2009, K.B. Kunt leg. Bursa Province. 2 females, Firuzkéy, Orhaneli District (39°56'23.79"N, 29°06'23.21"E), 18.VI.2007, R.S. Kaya leg. Erzinean Province. 1 female, Kozlupinar Village, Kemaliye District (39°12'29.61"N, 38°34'3.20"E), 29:1X.2008; M~ Elverici & C. Elvericiteg. Isparta Province. | subadult female, 1 juvenile, National Park of Kovada Lake, Egirdir District (37°37'45"N, 30°51'41"E), 10.V.2007, R.S. Kaya leg.; 4 females, Ayazmana Quarter (37°44'46.46"N, 30°34'57.88"E), 09.11.2008, K. Bozkurt leg. Izmir Province. 1 female, Karag6l, Yamanlar Mountain, Karsiyaka District (38°33'23.30"N, 27°13'2.17"E), 04.X.2008, E.A. Yagmur & S. Anlas leg. Mersin Province. | female, Sertavul Pass, Mut District (36°49'9.55"N, 33°19'14.44"E), 06.X1.2004, K.B. Kunt & A.E. Yaprak leg.; 1 female, 1 juvenile, Camliyayla, Tarsus District (37°09'58.53"N, 34°36'14.93"E), 12.V.2008, R.S. Kaya leg.; 1 female, Degirmendere Village, Silifke District (36°25'53"N, 33°45'21"E), 13.V.2008, R.S. Kaya leg. Nigde Province. 1 female, 2 juveniles, Fertek Quarter (37°58'43.71"N, 34°37'15.55"E), 12.1X.2008, K.B. Kunt leg. Comments: U. durandi has a circum-Mediterranean distribution. It is known in Andorra, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Portuguese, Slovenia and Spain (Helsdingen, 2006). It has been also recorded from England (Selden, 2003). U. durandi is mainly distributed in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey (Map 1). The morphological and genitalia features of our samples collected from Marmara and East Anatolian region are the same of our samples collected from Aegean and Mediterranean regions. Furthermore, no differences have been observed between Turkish population samples and type material. Natural History: Specimens were collected in their tent-like webs under stones from dry areas. We observed the remains of millipedes in their webs (Fig. 2). 94 Zug: _jRoutessi gz kirwvat 9 Seno Stent Sect ipa sap _goren i 2 - ae GEORGIE gy Dilist Clee : inl Me —~ ‘ Rustevi> Td ¥ >. x rm cy eS eat ee haw a: Serpe eres. a aa x 2 ree Batre Samsun Aig Ais bean dha’ 2 a. . ie lecar ti a, : "Eres oMerabuk Vasrhtordl 7 oe y aiinve Fire, : i : Evaniiene Kc ‘ : ? ~ 6 Gram. e 74 As eben eke pozies Behr Prove gietaitan 5 Oras Trabzon. tae My gt : ’ ee Canker Amacy pegs cou 8 ARMENDA- “ | in te s tied pooreshane 2 i Yerevan, ig Beypazas) Sorum gitkat . . Sarikei y a s me een ‘Bayou ie a : ~gAnkara Sung Ht somes % ~s piatckose t ae glzneen ? 4 3 “Sitke Antalcyen Sg i } So sine aia ox amy : Ay Raggah i mo (Al Léohigiyah a / wirkecx oe ee (SYRIA Dey az Zawt.. : iH : £60.40 ere i fis ve e Z oe d a es: Se ey a ae yen CYPRUS ~ ime a. S¥RTE NE ; “ELemewys css Bis ER oy . : cs s se F ap ‘u Map. 1: Distribution of Uroctea species in Turkey. Circles: sampling localities of U. durandi. Squares: sampling localities of U. thaleri. Triangle: Roewer’s record (1959). Fig. 1: Uroctea durandi (Latreille, 1809). Male, Paratype MNHN AR 10145: A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Male palp. Female, Holotype MNHN AR 10145: B. Habitus, dorsal view. D. Epigyne, ventral view. E. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: A, B= 1 mm; C, D, E= 0.5 mm. 95 Fig. 2: Tent-like webs of Uroctea durandi. Photos by courtesy of Mr. Kagan Bozkurt, from Ayazmana Quarter, Isparta Province, Turkey. Uroctea thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007 (Figs. 3-5). Material examined: Adiyaman Province. | subadult male, Aydinlar Village, Gerger District, 20.1V.2008, E.A. Yagmur & E. Tezcan leg. Batman Province. 1 subadult female, Gerctis District (37°37'28.6"N, 41°24'46.8"E), 17.V.2009, E.A. Yagmur & E. Ulupinar leg. Diyarbakir Province. 3 subadult females, Yukari Kuyulu Village, Ergani District (38°35'8.94"N, 39°15'1.02"E), 13.1V.2008, E.A. Yagmur, G. Calisir & M. Ozkoriik leg.; 1 female, Kalkan Village, Egil District, 14 km southwest (38°08'30.13"N, 40°04'18.99"E), 13.1V.2008, E.A. Yagmur, G. Calisir & M. Ozkoriik leg. Gaziantep Province. 1 subadult male, Hanagzi Village, Islahiye District (37°04'4.51"N, 36°36'16.79"E), 14.V.2005, E.A. YaSmur & M. Pehlivan leg.; 1 female (MTAS/Oec: 0805), 1 male (MTAS/Oec: 0806), Sahanlik Hill, Huzurlu Plateau, Islahiye District, 14.V1.2008, E.A. Yagmur & E. Tezcan leg.; Hatay Province. 1 juvenile, Cakiryigit Village, Reyhanli District (36°15'45.31"N, 36°36'24.83"E), 14.1V.2007, E.A. Yagmur, G. Calisir & M. Yalcin leg.; 2 females, 3 juveniles, Kici Village, Belen District (36°29'3.92"N, 36°16'6.84"E), 13.VII.2007, E.A. Yagmur & G. Calisir leg.; 2 subadult females, Aktepe Town, Hassa District (36°41'55.55"N, 36°29'58.83"E), 05.V.2008, E.A. Yagmur, G. Calisir, E. Ulupinar & V. Ulgezer leg.; 2 females, 1 subadult male, Belen Pass, 10.V.2008, E.A. Ya&Smur, G. Calisir & E. Ulupinar leg. Kahramanmaras Province. | subadult male, Baskonus Plateau (37°34'6.55"N, 36°35'4.94"E), 21.VI.2007, E.A. Yagmur & G. Calisir leg.; 1 juvenile, Narli Town, Pazarcik District, 07.11.2008, E.A. Yagmur & G. Calisir leg.; 2 subadult males, Biiyiikkizilcik Town, Géksun District (38°12'1.54"N, 36°42'17.83"E), 30.V.2008, E.A. Yagmur & M.S. Kili¢g leg. Malatya Province. | male, Resadiye Village, Dogansehir District, 03.V.2008, E.A. Yagmur & E. Tezcan leg. Osmaniye Province, Hasanbeyli District, Kuscubeli Pass (37°07'39.21"N, 96 36°33'31.58"E), 24.1V.2008, E.A. YagSmur & E. Tezcan leg. Siirt Province. 1 female, Baykan District (38°03'08"N, 41°46'50"E), 18.V.2009, E.A. Yagmur & M. Uslu leg. Sanhiurfa Province. 1 male, Harran Ruins, Harran (36°52'12.08"N; 39°01'51.47"E), 12.V.2004, R.S. Kaya leg.; 1 female, Karaca Hamlet, Karahisar Village (37°03'48.72"N; 39°15'45.12"E), 09.V.2006, E.A. Yagmur & M.Z. Yildiz leg.; 1 female, 1 juvenile, Asagi Goklii Village, Halfeti District (37°19'35"N; 38°02'4"E), 21.XII.2007, E.A. Yagmur leg.; 3 juveniles, Siverek District, a bridge about 20 km south of Siverek, 11.1V.2008, E.A. Yagmur, G. Calisir & M. Ozkoriik leg. Fig. 3: Abdominal patterns of Uroctea thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007 from Turkey. A. Male. B. Female. C. Subadult male. 97 Comments: According to Rheims ef al. (2007), "The males of Uroctea thaleri can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the extremely wide tegular apophysis 1 and by the long and apically rounded proximal tegular lobe. Females can be distinguished by the long and parallel insemination and fertilization ducts, both describing a median loop between the epigynal plate and the spermathecae. An additional diagnostic character is a blind ending duct emerging basally from the fertilization ducts." Fig. 4: Male palp of U. thaleri (MTAS/Oec: 0806). A, D. Left palp, prolateral view. B. Embolus C. Right palp, prolateral view. A-C: SEM. (D, Scale line = 0.5 mm). Abbreviations: E = embolus; TA1—3 = tegular apophyses; TL = tegular lobe. Unfortunately, despite of our efforts, we could not examine the type specimens of U. thaleri to make comparison between them and our samples. After examining the illustrations of the type specimens of U. thaleri presented by Rheims ef al. (2007, Figs. 5- 8, 11-12), there is no doubt that our Uroctea samples collected from East Mediterranean and South East Anatolian region belong to U. thaleri. Their abdomens are dorsally dark grey with creamy spots or marks (Fig. 3) and they have the same genitalia of male (Fig. 4) and female (Fig. 5). U. thaleri was described by Rheims et al. (2007) from Yemen. However, it has also been recorded from India, Iran and Israel. In fact, it is not unexpected to find U. thaleri in Turkey, taking in consideration its known distribution range. However, the record of U. thaleri from Israel and the seven creamy abdominal spots of juvenile Turkish samples (Fig. 3C) led us to ask a question: Do our U. thaleri specimens belong to U. septempunctata species which description was based on juvenile specimens by O.P.- Cambridge (1872) from Palestine and Syria (Lebanon)? In 1872, O.P.-Cambridge described U. septempunctata as follows: “This species is similar to C. Jimbata in form and structure [Fig. 6A, B]. The whole of the fore part of the spider is yellow, but of a clearer, brighter hue than in that species; the abdomen is dull black, but the upperside, instead of being surrounded by a continuous border of a whitish- yellow colour, has in its place a marginal row of seven large yellow spots; four of these 98 form nearly a square on its fore half, and the three others are in a triangle above the spinners, the apex directed backwards [Fig. 6C]. It is possible that in some examples these spots may become nearly confluent, and so form a band very similar to that on the abdomen of C. limbata; but still some other specific characters, such as a slight difference in the relative position of the eyes, and the less dense armature of the legs with hairs, bristles, and fine spines, seem to show that it is quite distinct from that species, of which six adult examples found in 1864 at Alexandria (Egypt) presented no variation whatever in the uniformity and continuity of the abdominal border. An immature male was found at Jerusalem under a piece of detached rock in the valley of Hinnom, an immature female in a similar situation near Ain Ata, and another at Tiberias.” Fig. 5: Epigyne of U. thaleri (MTAS/Oec: 0805). A. Ventral view. B. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. (Scale line = 0.5 mm). C. Ditto, SEM, arrow shows blind ending duct. After O.P.-Cambridge’s description, the Italian arachnologist Pietro Pavesi (1895) published a short description, without genitalia illustrations, based on an adult female collected from Hermon Mountain in Palestine/Israel. Pavesi (1895) mentioned that his adult female specimen is deposited in “Museo di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata”, but we learned that the invertebrate collection of this museum was moved to “Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino” many years ago. Unfortunately, we could not get a response to our correspondence with the Museum of Torino. Comparing our U. thaleri specimens with a type specimen of U. septempunctata (OUMNH) and the Holotype of U. limbata (C.L. Koch, 1843) (ZMB), we observed that our Turkish samples of U. thaleri are similar to the first species. Especially, the abdominal pattern with seven spots of juvenile U. thaleri and U. septempunctata samples 99 (Fig. 3C, 6C). Also, arrangement of the eyes and position of the spines and hairs on the legs are similar in these two species. As a result, we suggest that U. thaleri and U. septempunctata may be the same species. We could not obtain a new comparison material of U. septempunctata from Israel to be able to reach to definite result. But, we believe that our suggestions and findings will make some contribution to revisional studies and resolve some taxonomical problems of this genus in the future. Natural History: The habitat selection and web designs are similar to that of U. durandi. They run very quickly when disturbed. Fig. 6: Uroctea limbata (C.L. Koch, 1843) Male, Holotype ZMB 2121: A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Male palp, prolateral view. Uroctea septempunctata (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) OUMNH 506-4671. C. Habitus of juvenile female, dorsal view. Scale lines: A, C = 1 mm; B= 0.5 mm. 100 Acknowledgments We would like to thank the following colleagues who kindly provided us with the type material: Dr. Christine Rollard (Paris, France), Dr. Zoe Simmons (Oxford, U.K.), Dr. Jason Dunlop (Berlin, Germany) and Mrs. Janet Beccaloni (London, U.K.). Dr. Peter Jager (Frankfurt am Main, Germany), Marco Isaia (Torino, Italy) and Dr. Paul Selden (Manchester, England) provided old literature. For SEM photographs, we used facilities of Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gazi, Ankara (Dr. Metin Giri and Dr. Cetin Cakanyildirim). We want to express our thanks to Mr. Hisham El-Hennawy (Cairo, Egypt) and Dr. Adalberto J. Santos (Minas Gerais, Brazil) for their valuable comments. We also thank Mr. Kagan Bozkurt (Isparta, Turkey), Mr. Mert Elverici (Ankara, Turkey) and Mr. Can Elverici (Ankara, Turkey) for providing material of U. durandi which collected from different regions of Turkey. Finally, we like to thank Dr. Sinan Anlas (Izmir, Turkey), Gékhan Calisir (Gaziantep, Turkey), Erman Tezcan (Gaziantep, Turkey), Mehmet Ozkériik (Gaziantep; Turkey), Mustafa Pehlivan (Gaziantep; Turkey), Mehmet Yalcin (Hatay, Turkey), Ekber Ulupmmar (Istanbul, Turkey), Volkan Ulgezer (Istanbul, Turkey), Mehmet Sait Kilig (Gaziantep, Turkey), Mustafa Uslu (Siirt, Turkey) for their valuable help during our field trips. References Cambridge, O.P.-. 1872. General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1871: 212-354. Helsdingen, P. 2009. Fauna Europaea: Araneae. Fauna Europaea version 2.1. Online at http://www.faunaeur.org Pavesi, P. 1895. Aracnidi. In Viaggio del Dr E. Festa in Palestina, nel Libano e regione vicine. Boll. Mus. zool. anat. comp. Torino, 10 (216): 1-11. Platnick, N.I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Rheims, C.A., Santos, A.J. & van Harten, A. 2007. The spider genus Uroctea Dufour, 1820 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) in Yemen. Zootaxa, 1406: 61-68. Roewer, C.F. 1959. Die Araneae, Solifuga und Opiliones der Sammlungen des Herr. Dr. K. Lindberg aus Griechenland, Creta, Anatolien, Iran und Indien. Géteborgs K. Vetensk.-o. vitterhSamh. Handl. 8(4): 1-47. Selden, P. 2003. Record of the Mediterranean spider Uroctea durandi (Latreille, 1809) in Britain. Newsl. Br. arachnol. Soc., 96: 4. Topcu, A., Demir, H., Seyyar, O. & Tiirkes, T. 2006. The spider fauna of the Giilek Pass (Turkey) and its environs (Araneae). European Arachnology 2005 (Deltshev, C. & Stoev, P., eds) Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, Suppl. No. 1: 287-295. 101 Serket (2009) vol. 11(3/4): 102-109. Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Araneida: Theridiidae) against greenhouse pests Naglaa Fathy Ragab Ahmad '", Gamal Abd El-Mageed Ibrahim ', Ali H. El-Sherbeny ' and Gad Hamada Hassan Rady * ' Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt * Faculty of Agriculture, Banha University Corresponding e-mail address: naglaaahmad@gmail.com Abstract Mass rearing of Kochiura aulica (C.L. Koch, 1838) (Arachnida: Araneida: Theridiidae) was achieved during two years, 2005-2007, using 200 containers, each contained 150-200 individuals. Egg sacs were collected from every container for four months after maturity. Number of egg sacs during mass rearing period was 55851 egg sacs, yielded 289217 individuals during four months. Spiders release was carried out on 22 October 2006. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse planted with cucumber variety (Gioagosrz) on 9 October 2006 in two levels, 5 and 10 spiderlings/plant, and was left without pesticides. The percent reduction in population density of Bemesia tabaci increased gradually reaching its maximum 67.93 and 74.65% in level 1 and level 2 respectively after two months of release. After two months of release, the percentage reduction of Aphis gossypii was 68.83 and 85.23% in level 1 and level 2, respectively. After two weeks from releasing the predator, we were obligated to use the biocide (Mospilan) to decrease the population density of aphids after studying its toxicity on the predator under laboratory conditions. The percent reduction of Polyphagotarsonemus latus increased gradually after two months of release to reach 69.38 and 70.02% in level 1 and level 2, respectively. Redomel plus 50%W.P. was used as fungicides inside greenhouse. These experiments denote that Kochiura aulica can be used in biological control of insect pests inside greenhouses. Keywords: Kochiura aulica, Theridiidae, Spiders, Mass rearing, Spiders release, Biological control. * This article is a part of the Ph.D. Thesis of the first author (NA). Introduction Spiders, as predators, play an important role in agroecosystems. They are considered biocontrol agents against economic pests of various agricultural crops. Among the 109 families of spiders, Theridiidae is the fourth among six families which number of species exceeds 2000. Family Theridiidae includes 2295 species of 109 genera (Platnick, 2009). The theridiid spider Kochiura aulica is considered one of quasi-social species. Its mass rearing was studied by Abdel-Karim ef al. (2006). In this paper, K. aulica was used as insect pest predator, 1.e. a biological control agent. Material and methods I. Mass rearing of Kochiura aulica (C.L. Koch, 1838) The stock culture of K. aulica was collected from olive trees located in Giza governorate by collecting many spider nests containing a mixture of spiderlings, adults and egg sacs and to be reared in the laboratory according to Abdel-Karim ef al. (2006). About 150-200 adult individuals of K. aulica, at the ratio of 22: 14, were transferred to 2 litre rectangular plastic container as rearing unit (Fig. 1). The central part of the container's cover was replaced by organza textile to facilitate ventilation. The 200 rearing units were supplied thrice a week by the adult stage of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) adults. Egg sacs were collected, using a fine soft brush, from the stock culture before feeding mothers and were transferred to glass tubes, of 5 cm diameter and 10 cm height (Fig. 2), until hatching. The newly hatched spiderlings were counted and each S50 individuals were transferred to a small glass container (about 250 cc) covered by muslin or organza (Fig. 3) and fed on adult fruit flies. As the new hatch reached the third spiderling instar, the contents of each 3-4 glass containers were transferred to a larger glass container (7 cm diameter and 20 cm height) covered by muslin or organza (Fig. 4) and were fed in the same way until reaching adulthood. Adults were then transferred to plastic containers for mating and egg laying. Rearing continued since July 2003 until April 2007. The regular data was noted from 2005 until 2007. Figs. 1-4: Rearing containers. 1. Two litres rectangular plastic rearing unit. 2. Glass tube, 5 x 10 cm. 3. A small glass container, about 250 cc. 4. Glass container, 7 x 20 cm. 103 II. Predator release The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse which is covered with theran. The greenhouse was divided into three divisions; two replicates and a control using transverse barriers made of theran. Each division was planted with 200 plants of cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., variety (Gioagosrz) on October 9, 2006 and was left without pesticides. Release was carried out on 22™ October 2006. Releasing K. aulica was carried out by small bags made of paper. A ring of paper was placed inside the bag, as a pillar, before inserting spiders inside the bag. One bag was prepared for each plant. The rate of predator was 5 spiderlings/plant in the first replicate and 10 spiderlings/plant in the second replicate. For release, we used 3™ and 4" instars spiderlings. Samples of 10 leaves were taken from each replicate as well as the control and examined in the laboratory using a stereomicroscope. The adults of white flies were examined in the greenhouse. Count was undertaken before release at weekly intervals. On 23™ November, we were obliged to spray the specific natural pesticide Mospilan mixed with Redomel plus (See p.107). III. Toxicological studies To study the side effect of some chemical compounds usually used for controlling pests inside the cucumber greenhouse on spiders under laboratory conditions, the following materials were used: 1. Trade name: Vertimec 1.8% EC. Chemical name: 5-O-dimethyl Avermectin Aj, (i) mixture with 5-O-dimethyl-25-de (1- methlypropy)-25-(1-methyl) Avermectin Aj,(ii). 2. Trade name: Lannate 90% WP. Chemical name: methyl N-((methylamino)Carbonyl)oxy) ethanimidothioate. 3. Trade name: Mospilan 20% SP. Chemical name: (E)-N-(6-chloro-3-Pyridinyl)methyl)-N-cyano-N-methylethanimidamide. 4. Trade name: Redomel plus 50% WP. Chemical name: methyl N-(2,6 dimethyl phenyl)-N-(methoxyacety!)-D-alaninate. Small plastic Petri dishes (8 cm diameter, 1 cm depth) were used. The pesticide formulations were diluted in water to prepare the recommended dose. Two circular coffee filters (7.5 cm diameter), dipped in pesticide solution, were used for each dish, one on bottom and one above. Four replicates were used for each concentration, while in control the coffee filters were dipped in water. Five spider individuals were used for each replicate, kept in an incubator under 20 C and 75-80% RH. Mortality rate was recorded, 1, 2, 5 and 7 days, after application. Mortality values were corrected for control mortality according to Abbott's formula (1925). Results I. Mass rearing of Kochiura aulica Two hundred containers were used in rearing spiders during two years 2005-2007. Egg sacs were collected from every container for four months after maturity. During the first month, the average number of egg sacs was 70.37+23.29 (ranged between 127 and 22 egg sacs/container) (Table 1). In the second month, the numbers of egg sacs ranged between 129 and 43. The average number of egg sacs strongly decreased during the third month to reach 75.02+20.87 egg sacs/container (ranged between 127 and 20 egg sacs/container). The average number of egg sacs during the fourth month was the least one as 43.51+16.87 egg sacs/container (ranged between 92 and 11 egg sacs/container). 104 Table 1. Number of egg sacs per container in mass rearing experiments during two years 2005-2007. First month Second month Third month Highest | Lowest | Highest | Lowest | Highest | Lowest | Highest | Lowest number | number | number | number | number | number | number | number 22 129 43 127 20 92 11 127 48 25 92 U1 31 126 53 124 32 92 17 124 36 91 19 19 78 19 123 61 113 41 75 21 62 110 42 75 22 15 22 74 23 Es ee ee ee ee ee ee eee SELES 23 : 3 : 23 The obtained average number of egg sacs was 279.26 egg sacs/container, ranged between 450 and 179 egg sacs. The highest mean per month occurred in the second month (90.01418.99), followed by the third month (75.02+20.87) while least mean occurred in the fourth month (43.51+16.87). Total number of egg sacs collected from 200 containers during four months was 55851 egg sacs (Table 2). Table 2. Average number of egg sacs in mass rearing experiments during two years 2005- 2007. | First mont | Second month | Third month} Fourth month 14145 18001 15004 8701 55851 70.73 90.01 75.02 43.51 279.26 18.99 20.87 16.87 44.76 During the first month, the average of hatching was 282.26, ranged between 509 and 90, individuals/container (Table 3). During the second month, the average of hatching increased to 562.23 (ranged between 933 and 244 individuals/container). The average rates of hatching during the third month dropped to 412.47 individuals/container (ranged between 1016 and 128 individuals/container). During the fourth month, the the average of hatching was the lowest to record 188.96 individuals/container (ranged between 524 and 9 individuals/continuer). The hatching number per container averaged 1445.92 (ranged between 2384 and 884 individuals/container) during the four months (Table 4). The highest number occurred in the second month (562.23) followed by the third month (412.47). The lowest number occurred in the fourth month (189.13) individuals/container. Total number of hatching, collected from 200 containers during four months reached to 289217 individuals. 105 Table 3. Number of hatch per container in mass rearing experiments during two years 2005-2007. First month Second month I Hiighest Lowest | Highest | Lowest | Highest | Lowest | Highest number | number | number | number | number | number | number | number 509 | 90 | 933 | 244 | 1016 | 128 524 21 inp ona 500 | 109 | 930 263 768 160 523 484 {| PaaS | Spore ape 739 196 | 512 ATS (118s [0824 287 7 | 205 475 68 468 |, 23h|0 10 313 7194 oiler 453 69 463 | 124 | 910 314 7TIGT iet2 ae eas | 461 | 124 | 852 317 | 673 219 438 Aas 851 319 651 220 437 A430 livet 25; ijn 7829 327 625 225 419 ase |lP WeSial| CheeT oF amiss 619 y | MAZoNNPANS 78 Table 4. Average number of hatch in mass rearing experiments during two years 2005- 2007. First month |Second month} Third month | Fourth month 56452 112446 82493 37826 289217 282.26 562-23 412.47 189.13 1446.09 96.29 150.90 128.33 101.86 DTS 54 Average IL. Release of Kochiura aulica in a greenhouse of cucumber plants A. Biological control of Bemesia tabaci The release of the predator, K. aulica, was carried out with two levels on 22 October 2006. The rate of predator was 5 spiderlings/plant in the first replicate and 10 spiderlings/plant in the second replicate. The pre-count of population density of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) was 191, 183 and 223 as adult stage/10 leaves in level 1, level 2 and control, respectively. After one week of release of K. aulica, the percent reduction in population density of B. tabaci increased gradually to 26.54 and 28.80% in level 1 and level 2, respectively. In the same time, population density of B. tabaci in control increased from 223 to 267 adults/10 leaves (Table 5). After two weeks of predator release, the reduction in population density of B. tabaci was 30.30 and 37.59% in level 1 and level 2, respectively. On the opposite side, pest population increased in the control reaching 330 adults/10 leaves. After two months of release, the percent reduction of the pest increased gradually reaching its maximum, 67.93 and 74.65% in level 1 and level 2, respectively. At that time, the pest population was reduced to 103 and 78 adults/10 leaves while the pest population increased in the control reaching 375 adults/10 leaves. 106 Table 5. Population density and reduction percentage of Bemesia tabaci before and after release of Kochiura aulica in a greenhouse of cucumber plants (variety Gioagosrz) during the season 2006. Rate of Number (No.) and reduction percent (R%) of adult stages of release, Bemesia tabaci/10 leaves Pre- spiderlings =) 29/10 5/1] 19/11 26.54] 197 | 30.30 233 | 35.54 Feourail 30 | - foot - fart - past - | Table 6. Population density and reduction percentage of Aphis gossypii before and after release of Kochiura aulica in a greenhouse of cucumber plants (variety Gioagosrz) during the season 2006. Rate of release, spider- lings Number (No.) and reduction percent (R%) of movable stages of Aphis gossypii/10 leaves per Pre- Saat 12/ tl 19/11 26/11 plant 5 s/pl. | 73. | 574 |67.27 1326 | 82.26) * | 28 | 20 [53.85] 16 8 10 s/pl 58. | 176 /87.37 | 548 }o086] * 48 Seer cl As * = The experiment was treated with Mospilan. B. Biological control of Aphis gossypii The pre-count of population density of A. gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was 73, 58 and 36 movable stages/10 leaves in level 1, level 2 and control, respectively (Table 6). The percent reduction in population density of 4. gossypii reached 67.27 and 87.37% in level 1 and level 2, respectively, after one week of releasing the predator. In the same time, the population density of the pest in control increased from 36 to 865 movable stages/10 leaves. After two weeks from releasing the predator, the reduction percentage of A. gossypii reached 82.26 and 90.86 movable stages/10 leaves in level 1 and level 2, respectively. In the same time, the population density of the pest increased in the control reaching 3686 movable stages/10 leaves in spite of the reduction increase, so that we were obliged to use the biocide Mospilan, mixed with Redomel plus, 107 Table 3. Number of hatch per container in mass rearing experiments during two years 2005-2007. First month Second month Third month Fourth month Highest | Highest | Lowest | Highest | Lowest | Highest | Lowest number} number | number | number | number | number | number | number 509 | 90 | 933 | 244 a [9 500 {| 109 | 930 | 263 | 768 | 160 | 523 62 aga |) aid | Sone ao some ioe ATS bale |aroa 205 | 475 468 463 ieee 317 673 438 AAS Ose eal 319 651 29 | 125_| 929. [327 Aan i) is stail ehse7 ot Pees 619 Table 4. Average number of hatch in mass rearing experiments during two years 2005- 2007. 56452 112446 82493 37826 289217 282.26 562.23 412.47 189.13 1446.09 96.29 150.90 123-33 101.86 275.54 Average II. Release of Kochiura aulica in a greenhouse of cucumber plants A. Biological control of Bemesia tabaci The release of the predator, K. aulica, was carried out with two levels on 22 October 2006. The rate of predator was 5 spiderlings/plant in the first replicate and 10 spiderlings/plant in the second replicate. The pre-count of population density of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) was 191, 183 and 223 as adult stage/10 leaves in level 1, level 2 and control, respectively. After one week of release of K. aulica, the percent reduction in population density of B. tabaci increased gradually to 26.54 and 28.80% in level 1 and level 2, respectively. In the same time, population density of B. tabaci in control increased from 223 to 267 adults/10 leaves (Table 5). After two weeks of predator release, the reduction in population density of B. tabaci was 30.30 and 37.59% in level 1 and level 2, respectively. On the opposite side, pest population increased in the control reaching 330 adults/10 leaves. After two months of release, the percent reduction of the pest increased gradually reaching its maximum, 67.93 and 74.65% in level 1 and level 2, respectively. At that time, the pest population was reduced to 103 and 78 adults/10 leaves while the pest population increased in the control reaching 375 adults/10 leaves. 106 Table 5. Population density and reduction percentage of Bemesia tabaci before and after release of Kochiura aulica in a greenhouse of cucumber plants (variety Gioagosrz) during the season 2006. Number (No.) and reduction percent (R%) of adult stages of Bemesia tabaci/10 leaves Rate of release, spiderlings per plant (s/pl) pra Pio sipt| 123 [sto] 97 | s622 | ot | oeas | 78 Feontoi] 309 | - [2m] - [ae - [ais Table 6. Population density and reduction percentage of Aphis gossypii before and after release of Kochiura aulica in a greenhouse of cucumber plants (variety Gioagosrz) during the season 2006. Rate of release, spider- lings Number (No.) and reduction percent (R%) of movable stages of Aphis gossypii/10 leaves Pre- ecunt 12/11 19/11 26/11 3/12 10/12 Ue HA per plant (s/pl) R% | No. | R% Precount | No.| R% | No.}| R% 5 s/pl. 1326 | 82.26 orem 53.85 | 16 | 68.83 Feonvor | 36 [ass] - [aeel- [> | a [el - [a] * = The experiment was treated with Mospilan. B. Biological control of Aphis gossypii The pre-count of population density of 4. gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was 73, 58 and 36 movable stages/10 leaves in level 1, level 2 and control, respectively (Table 6). The percent reduction in population density of A. gossypii reached 67.27 and 87.37% in level 1 and level 2, respectively, after one week of releasing the predator. In the same time, the population density of the pest in control increased from 36 to 865 movable stages/10 leaves. After two weeks from releasing the predator, the reduction percentage of A. gossypii reached 82.26 and 90.86 movable stages/10 leaves in level 1 and level 2, respectively. In the same time, the population density of the pest increased in the control reaching 3686 movable stages/10 leaves in spite of the reduction increase, so that we were obliged to use the biocide Mospilan, mixed with Redomel plus, 107 to decrease the population density after studying its toxic effect on the predator under laboratory conditions. This experiment showed that the Mospilan is completely safe for the predator. After fifth week from predator release, the population density of A. gossypii was 20, 18 and 65 movable stages/10 leaves in level 1, level 2 and control, respectively with percent reduction 53.85 and 75.77 in level 1 and level 2, respectively. After two months of release, the percentage reduction of A. gossypii was 68.83 and 85.23 in level 1 and level 2, respectively. C. Biological control of Polyphagotarsonemus latus The examined cucumber leaves collected just before releasing the predator K. aulica (pre-count) harboured high number of the mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) movable stages, with averages 31, 30 and 20 individuals/10 leaves in level 1, level 2 and control, respectively (Table 7). One week after release, the obtained results indicated reduction percentage in number of the target pest in all treatments, averaged 20.97 and 31.67 in level 1 and level 2 of releasing, respectively. In the same time, population density of the P. /atus in control increased from 20 to 40 movable stages/10 leaves. After two weeks from predator release, the reduction percentage in population density was 42.49 and 43.48 in level 1 and level 2, respectively. Then, the percent reduction of the pest increased gradually reaching 69.38 and 78.02 in level 1 and level 2, respectively after two months of release while the pest population increased in the control reaching 276 individuals/10 leaves. At the end of experiments, the predator reached 20 and 50 indiveduals/10 leaves in level 1 and level 2, respectively. Table 7. Population density and reduction percentage of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) before and after release of Kochiura aulica in a greenhouse of cucumber plants (variety Gioagosrz) during the season 2006. ~ nal Number (No.) and reduction percent (R%) of movable stages of Polyphagotarsonemus latus/10 leaves Rate of release, 106 | 64.38 76 "S720" III. Toxicological studies According to mortality and mortality percentage of Kochiura aulica after exposing to different concentrations of the tested pesticides, Mospilan 20% F.b. and Redomel plus 50% W.P. are non-toxic agents for this spider. On recommended dose, the mortality percentage of K. aulica was 0% after exposure to Mospilan 20% F.b. and Redomel plus 50% W.P., while the acaricide Vertimec 1.8% E.C. and insecticide Lannate 108 90% W.P. are toxic compounds agents for K. aulica. The mortality percentage was 100% on recommended dose after exposure to Vertimec 1.8% E.C. or to Lannate 90% W.P. Discussion The mass rearing method, used in this study, was not complicated and inexpensive because the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster can be reared on artificial diet with high reproduction rate. D. melanogaster was used as a common prey in rearing many spider species (Jackson, 1974). During this study, the spider Kochiura aulica was released against greenhouse pests found on cucumber plants in two levels, 5 and 10 spiderlings/plant, the second level was the best. In spite of that the reduction of the pests, Bemesia tabaci, Aphis gossypii and Polyphagotarsonemus latus, was approximate. Comparing the predator K. aulica with other bio-agents, we must take in consideration that this predator is polyphagous. It predates on different kinds of prey simultaneously. The fungicide Redomel plus and the natural compound Mospilan are highly safe to the predator. Therefore, we used them to deal with the fungal diseases and aphids inside the commercial cucumber greenhouses during the release of K. aulica. This study is the onset indicator to start series of experiments for applying the usage of the predator K. aulica which did not interpolate in releasing system against different pests in greenhouses. This work is the first actual experience of using the predator K. aulica experimentally inside greenhouses. It is recommended to use it in pest management programs under Egyptian greenhouses conditions. Acknowledgment The authors are indebted to Col. Hisham K. El-Hennawy (Arachnid Collection of Egypt, Cairo) who provided photographs and revised an early manuscript of the work. References Abbott, W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267. Abdel-Karim, E.H., Rady, G.H.H., Ibrahim, G.A. & Ahmad, N.F.R. 2006. Biology, mass rearing and observations on the behaviour of Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Arachnida: Araneida: Theridiidae). Serket, 10(1): 35-43. Jackson, R.R. 1974. Rearing methods for spiders. Journal of Arachnology, 2: 53-56. Platnick, N.I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html 109 Serket (2009) vol. 11(3/4): 110-118. Arachnida of Ain Gudeirat (Sinai), with notes on family Titanoecidae in Egypt Hisham K. El-Hennawy 41, El-Manteqa El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el_hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract The region of Ain Gudeirat lies in the eastern side of northern Sinai, Egypt. It is almost a small oasis irrigated by a natural spring in this arid desert. During two short fieldtrips, on April and June 2004, to the region of Ain Gudeirat, 85 specimens of four arachnid orders were collected. The collected material contained 1 scorpion species, 1 sun-spider species, 1 pseudoscorpion species, and 72 spiders of 12 families. The majority of spiders belong to two families, i.e. Lycosidae (43.05%) and Titanoecidae (29.17%). The situation of family Titanoecidae in Egypt is discussed. This preliminary study is the first arachnological study of the region of Ain Gudeirat, which is proposed to be a protected area. Keywords: Arachnida, spiders, Titanoecidae, scorpions, sun-spiders, pseudoscorpions, Ain Gudeirat, Sinai, Egypt. Introduction Ain El] Gudeirat is in Wadi El Gudeirat near El Qusaima Village in the northeastern part of Sinai, near Egypt's eastern international borders. It is a spring issuing from Karstic limestones like other Karst springs encountered in the Eastern and Western Deserts of Egypt and in Sinai too. The spring is on the axis of a small syncline gently plunging west to outcrops of Eocene Limestone that overlie the Paleocene shales. Wadi El Gudeirat incises the Limestone formation to the contact between the two formations. Ain El Gudeirat issues from the lowermost part of the highly fractured limestones at a daily rate of 1500 m*. The springwater flows in a small channel and is used to irrigate several hundred feddans (1 feddan = 1.04 acre) of olive trees and as a source of supply for the local villagers. Ain El Gudeirat’s water has a total dissolved solids content of 1440 ppm. Chemical analysis indicates that the water of this spring is of sodium chloride type. Groundwater age dating studies indicate that the age of water from Ain E] Gudeirat is 14 000 years B.P., indicating that the recharge to this spring is late Pleistocene (Idris, 1996). Its water temperature is 23.3 °C (El Ramly, 1965). The fresh water of Ain Gudeirat converted its region of desert to a small oasis rich of plants especially Tamarix trees in addition to different kinds of herbs. Bedouins and their domestic animals, especially goats and dogs, are daily visitors of the area. The flora and fauna of the region is not studied yet. The available information is mostly about the neighbouring region of El] Qusaima. Among 21 species of five orders of mammals recorded from northern Sinai, six species were recorded from El Quseima and two species from Wadi and Ain Gudeirat, i.e. Psammomys obesus terraesanctae Thomas, 1902 and Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758 of order Rodentia (Osborn & Helmy, 1980). Many bird species are present in the region, some are residents and others are migratory. Saleh (1997) recorded 8 lizard, 6 snake, and 1 toad (Bufo viridis) species from the region of El Quseima and its surroundings. Tadpoles were observed swimming in the water of the spring's channel on April 2004. There are many insect species recorded from northern Sinai. Only, a few of them are recorded from Ain Gudeirat because of lack of a survey and continuous study of the region. Of course, many of these insects and other arthropods depend mainly on the spring’s ecosystem. There are plenty of dragonflies, order Odonata, flying near water surface. Several species of wasps, order Hymenoptera, and flies, order Diptera, were also observed in the region. The North African ant Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850) was recorded from El Quseima (Taylor & Sharaf, 2009). Abdel-Dayem (2004) studied the diversity of carabid beetles in the Sinai peninsula and identified “Wadi Godirate” as one of the most seven specious sites in Sinai. He recorded 18 species of 10 genera from this moderately elevated site that is having a fresh water habitat. One of those species was thermophilous, found under stones, while the other species were hygrophilous, found at fresh water edges. A few crabs, Crustacea, order Decapoda, were observed inside water channel and at its edges. Net oN, \ EGYPT = eS ees Se es Map 1. Distribution of Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846) in Egypt. 1. Alexandria. 2. Shebin El-Kom. 3. Giza (Cairo). 4. Al-Kanater. 5. Ras El-Barr. 6. Ain Gudeirat. 111 Methods The region of Ain Gudeirat (30°38'59.8"N, 34°26'13.7"E, Alt. 404 m) lies in the eastern side of northern Sinai, Egypt (Map 1). During two short fieldtrips, for a few hours, on 24 April and 3 June 2004, 85 specimens of four arachnid orders were collected, looking on plants and under stones, using light trap and UV radiation at night. [Abbreviations: TL = total length, L = length, W = width]. All measurements are in mm. Results and Discussion The collected material included 85 specimens of four orders: 1 scorpion, 10 sun- spiders, 2 pseudoscorpions, and 72 spiders of 12 families. I. Order Scorpionida Only 1 scorpion of Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828), Family Buthidae, was collected in June 2004, after sunset, using UV. II. Order Solpugida Ten males of Biton ehrenbergi Karsch, 1880 (Family Daesiidae) were collected; 1 under stone, and 6 attracted to light after sunset, in April + 3 attracted to light about 75 minutes after sunset, in June 2004. II. Order Pseudoscorpionida Two specimens, 1¢ and 1j, of Minniza sp., Family Olpiidae, were found under stones in June 2004. IV. Order Araneida The total of 72 spiders of 12 families were found on plants and under stones. The majority of spiders belong to two families, i.e. Lycosidae (43.05%) and Titanoecidae (29.17%) (Table 1). Table 1. Spiders collected from Ain Gudeirat. Family 24 April 2004 3 June 2004 % 1.388 19 --- Dictynidae 19 --- 1.388 Filistatidae --- 1j : 1d 19 Gnaphosidae -- Linyphiidae Lise 12 4.166 Lycosidae 19 Arctosa cinerea ?; 1° 22, 1j Arctosa cinerea ?; 43.05 (6 species) Hogna ferox; 43,159, 2s3,2j | 146 Wadicosa ?; 1s3, 1j Oecobiidae 1sQ Oecobius putus ? --- 1.388 Pholcidae 12 --- 1.388 | Salticidae ike 14 Menemerus animatus ? | 2.777 Sicariidae 1) Loxosceles sp. 3} Loxosceles sp. 5:555 Tetragnathidae | 2) Tetragnatha sp. ? Is¢, 1sQ Tetragnatha sp.? | 5.555 Titanoecidae | 34,89, 2sQ, 1sQ, 1j Nurscia 14,49, 1j Nurscia 29.17 albomaculata albomaculata 50 spiders 22 spiders NZ El-Hennawy (2002a) recorded 7 families of spiders from ‘Ain Jodairat (misspelling), depending on juvenile specimens collected in 1996 by Dr. Orabi; Filistatidae, Gnaphosidae, Lycosidae, Sicariidae (Loxosceles sp.), Theridiidae, Titanoecidae, and Zodariidae. Theridiidae and Zodariidae are wanting this time. Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846), family Titanoecidae, was the most dominant species in the area after lycosid spiders. The flimsy webs of these cribellate spiders were found under stones and among low herbs near and over water. The pholcid spider was found in her web in a stone cavity. Other spiders were found under stones, in their webs, and moving on the ground or running on water surface. Seven lycosid females were carrying their egg sacs. N. albomaculata was not recorded before from northern or southern Sinai (EI- Hennawy, 2003, 2005). It was found in nature and inside green houses too. It lives inside its snare attached to plants stems on humid ground. It evidently prefers humid places. Therefore, it was not expected in desert. It is very interesting to find this species in the region of Ain Gudeirat’s spring. Beside the 26 protected areas in Egypt, the region of El Quseima and Ain Gudeirat is proposed as a future protected area. The decision makers usually look for big animals, for vertebrates and neglect other groups, especially “insects” (= including all arthropods). However, the region of Ain Gudeirat deserves study before protection. Family Titanoecidae in Egypt Family Titanoecidae Lehtinen 1967 is a small family of 44 species in 5 genera (Platnick, 2009). Its species are "widely distributed in Arctic as well as tropical regions (Indian Ocean Coast in Africa, not in Australia or New Zealand) but tend to be more common in the Northern Hemisphere" (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006). Rock Weavers (Titanoecidae) are small to medium-sized araneomorph spiders. Their diagnostic characters are: three tarsal claws; cribellate; entelegyne; eight eyes; calamistrum long, uniseriate; endites parallel; male palpal tibia complex, with pro- and retrolateral apophyses (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006). The type genus of the family is Titanoeca Thorell, 1870. Only two species of two genera of Family Titanoecidae Lehtinen, 1967 are recorded from Egypt until now (El-Hennawy, 2006). They are Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846) from Alexandria and Cairo (Giza) and Titanoeca tristis L. Koch, 1872 without known distribution in Egypt. L. Koch (1875) described Amaurobius tristis as a new species from Anseba river’s bank. Anseba River (Tigrinya) is now in Eritrea. This species was transferred to Titanoeca in Roewer’s Katalog der Araneae (1954). Its distribution was “South Europe, Russia, and Egypt”! Possibly because of the title of the book?! El-Hennawy (1990, 2002b, 2006) recorded T. tristis from Egypt according to Roewer (1954). Wunderlich (1995) exclaimed when he discussed the didtribution of Titanoeca tristis “Agypten?”. Indeed, Amaurobius tristis is recorded from Eritrea (not Ethiopia), but not Egypt (Platnick, 2009). Its systematic position may be doubtful. Lehtinen (1967: 271) stated that “Amaurobius tristis L. Koch 1875 (Q type preservation unknown - from Ethiopia) was erroneously synonymized with T. tristis L. Koch 1872 by ROEWER (1954a). A. tristis L. Koch 1875 really seems to be a true Jitanoeca but no new-name is here proposed, as its status remains obscure.” The second species is Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846). Genus Nurscia Simon, 1874 includes 4 species recorded from Portugal to France, Bulgaria, Cyprus to Central Asia, Russia, China, Korea, Taiwan, and Japan (Platnick, 2009). It was 113 transferred from the Amaurobiidae by Lehtinen (1967: 253). N. albomaculata is one of four species of genus Nurscia Simon, 1874. The world distribution of N. albomaculata is from Europe to Central Asia (Platnick, 2009). A good summary of the diagnostic characters and figures of N. albomaculata is present in Nentwig, ef al. (2003) and the most recent work dealt with it is that of Trotta (2005). Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846) Synonyms (Platnick, 2009): Epeira albo-maculata Lucas, 1846: 250, pl. 15, f. 6 (D@). Singa albo-maculata Simon, 1864: 256. Amaurobius 12-maculatus Canestrini, 1868: 204 (Dd). Amaurobius distinctus O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 263 (Dd). Titanoeca albomaculata Simon, 1874a: 218, pl. 3, f. 7 (6). Titanoeca distincta O. P.-Cambridge, 1876: 557. * Amaurobius albomaculatus Canestrini, 1876: 213. Nurscia albomaculata Lehtinen, 1967: 253 (T3'Q from Titanoeca). * The record of O. P.-Cambridge of this species from Egypt (1876) was not included in Roewer’s Katalog der Araneae (1954) or in “The World Spider Catalog” (Platnick, 2009). O. P.-Cambridge (1876: 557) recorded Titanoeca distincta, of family Agelenides, from Egypt saying, “Adults and immature examples of this Spider were found among the dead stems and débris of bushes and under stones near Alexandria in April 1864. In the same month of the year following I met with it more abundantly under stones and fragments of rock and among débris on the plains of the Jordan”. He made both Amaurobius distinctus Cambridge, 1872 and Titanoeca albomaculata Simon, 1874 synonyms to his Titanoeca distincta. O. P.-Cambridge (1872: 263-264) described Amaurobius distinctus as follows: Amaurobius distinctus, sp. nov. Male adult, length 2% lines [= 5.82 mm]; female adult 3% [= 6.88 mm]. This remarkably distinct species, although closely allied to A. simplex, may be at once distinguished by two longitudinal rows of pure white spots on the upperside of the abdomen; the ground-colour of which is jet-black; these rows consist each of 5-6 spots, and they converge towards each other a little as they approach the spinners; the four foremost of the spots are the largest and occupy the fore half of the upperside of the abdomen, forming a large and nearly square area; the spots which succeed are smaller, and diminish gradually in size towards the spinners. The cephalothorax is of a dull yellow-brown colour, narrowly margined with black. The eyes are very similarly situated to those of A. simplex, but those of the lateral pairs are rather nearer to each other. The legs are moderately long and strong, and are furnished with hairs and a few spines, of which latter the chief consist of a row beneath the metatarsi of the first pair, short and tooth-like; the colour of the legs is a dull brownish yellow deepening at the extremities of the joints, and thus giving them a kind of indistinctly annulate look. The falces [chelicerae] are rather long, strong, similar to the cephalothorax in colour, slightly hollowed on their inner sides, and impressed near their extremities in front. The males of this species have a supernumerary spinning-organ but no calamistra; the females have both. The palpi are short, strong, and similar in colour to the /egs; the radial joint has some strong irregular prominences at its fore extremity; and the digital, which is large and of a 114 somewhat oblong-oval form, has a strong, rather angular, sharp-pointed prominence at its base on the outer side; the palpal organs are highly developed and prominent, having some large and variously formed corneous processes connected with them. Several examples of both sexes, but the males immature, were found beneath stones and among débris of various kinds on the plains of the Jordan. In similar situations I also found examples of both sexes, both adult and immature, at Alexandria (Egypt) in 1864. The description of O. P.-Cambridge (1872) is adequate for identification. Furthermore, eyes have almost the same diameter. Leg formula I-IV-II-II]. The TL of males and females of Nurscia albomaculata from the region of Ain Gudeirat are: Males 5.30 - 6.30 mm (5.68+0.54), Females 5.17 - 7.10 mm (6.29+0.665). Body measurements of male (Fig. 1): TL 6.30, Cephalothorax L 2.91, Thoracic part W 2.01, Abdomen L 3.45, and female (Fig. 2): TL 7.10, Cephalothorax L 2.81, Thoracic part W 1.96, Abdomen L 4.35. Legs measurements of male and female (Table 2). Male's palpal organ (Figs. 3, 6) and female's cribellum (Fig. 4) and epigynum (Fig. 5). 6 Figs. 1-6. Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846). 1,3,6. Male. 2,4, 5. Female. 1, 2. Habitus, dorsal view. 3, 6. Palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 4. Abdomen, ventral view (Arrow —> cribellum). 5. Epigynum, ventral view. Wes Table 2. Legs measurements of Nurscia albomaculata male and female. Male Female Leg I I] Ill IV I II Ill IV Femur 2.65 De Je alae Ne SR AACS AEE OO 1) | 1.54 1.80 Patella 1.48 O79 0353 “O90 |, LO, 0:90" i075. "ORS Tibia 2.65 [.35:. don. 27) C70 alesse Lay, Ase, Metatarsus 2.39 L385, 59. 196" 7) 70 132 122) ee. Tarsus 1.01 0.95. O79 O35 | 085, 0.69, O69. 0/69 Total length. JOUS. « ./-O7-5 Ole. B5oaltal-OF 0.30). soe oe Records and Distribution of Nurscia albomaculata in Egypt Nurscia albomaculata was recorded from (Fig. 1): 1. Alexandria [31°12'51"N, 29°56'46"E]: Amaurobius distinctus O.P.-Cambridge, 1872: 264. Titanoeca distincta O.P.-Cambridge, 1876: 557. Titanoeca albomaculata (= Amaurobius distinctus) Simon, 1880: 48. Amaurobius (Titanoeca) albomaculata Simon, 1910: 276. Egypt. 2. Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya Governorate (Ghabbour, ef al., 1999) 1 [30°33'17"N, 31°00'32"E] 3. Dokki, Giza (Cairo) (Sallam & El-Hennawy, 2003). [30°01'20"N, 31°12'18"E] 4. Al-Kanater Agricultural Research Station, El-Qalyubia governorate (Zaher ef al., 2005)?. [30°11'39"N, 31°07'54"E] 5. Ras El-Barr, at the Mediterranean coast (New locality). [31°29'58"N, 31°48'30"E] 6. Ain Gudeirat, northern Sinai (New locality). [30°38'59.8"N, 34°26'13.7"E, Alt. 404 m] Among 2170 spiders belonging to 12 families collected by pitfall traps, only 1¢ Titanoecidae was found within Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae) fields in Menoufiya Governorate (Ghabbour, ef al., 1999). During one-year survey on spiders inhabiting fields of nine vegetable crops of two families (Leguminosae and Cucurbitaceae) using pitfall traps at Al-Kanater Agricultural Research Station, El-Qalyubia governorate, Nurscia spiders were collected on April-June 2001 from the fields of summer cucumber and squash (Zaher et al., 2005). Natural history The life style of Titanoecidae was summarized by Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2006) as "Ground-dwelling spiders, making flimsy webs under stones or cribellate space webs". The same authors described the "natural history" of the family as follows: "Titanoeca spp. construct webs that occasionally include one or more pseudo-orbwebs (Shear, 1986). Members of the genus are usually found in dry rocky areas where they spin flimsy webs under stones and rocks. According to Szlep (1966), Titanoeca albomaculata Lucas is found during the day under stones, concealed in a silk retreat. In front of the retreat, a capture-web is attached to low vegetation and stones. The capture- web is compound, consisting of a number of partial webs surrounding the retreat entrance, and may be built in one or more planes and, depending on the substrate, one above the other. This type of web is intermediate between irregular webs and orbwebs. The shape of the web is variable and hackled bands may be present, reminiscent of webs of cribellate orb-weavers" (Dippenaar-Schoeman & Jocqué, 1997). The web spinning of Titanoeca albomaculata was first studied by Szlep (1966). Shear (1986) discussed the "pseudo-orbs" of Titanoeca albomaculata, saying, "The web 116 of Titanoeca albomaculata is spun near the ground, and the spider has a retreat under a rock. No frame threads are spun, and radii are constructed in any particular order; some may be laid during the spinning of the cribellate thread. The cribellate thread appears nearly continuous and is laid across the whole range of radii, the spider turning back at the last radius in each series, and, according to Szlep (1966), the measuring activities of the spider resemble those of the orb-weaving uloborids. Additional elements, including sectors and semicircles, may be added later, so that there appear to be several "hubs" in the same web." Eberhard (2000) added “Titanoeca albomaculata makes webs resembling sections of orbs ... Titanoeca, non-orb weaving species that make geometrically highly organized and stereotyped webs that have semi-independent subunits (Szlep 1966)”. The life cycle of Nurscia albomaculata in laboratory was studied by Sallam & El- Hennawy (2003). It had 5-6 spiderling instars before adulthood for both males and females. It continued for about 109 days. Different instars were reared on different stages of larvae of cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833). Adult females lived longer than males; nearly twice (about 144 against 70 days). Life span of females was also longer than that of males (about 244 against 182 days). Males died between October and March while females died between December and April. The studied individuals were found inside their silk tunnels among plants near the connections of the roots with the stems, immediately on soil surface, and under clusters of clay which cover the roots of the plants inside greenhouses of pepper (Capsicum annum) in Dokki, Giza. It was the dominant ground spider species in greenhouses. The authors noted cannibalism among adults and that N.a. may tolerate a wide range of temperature in nature. Acknowledgments I wish to thank my friends and colleagues: Dr. Ashraf El-Torkey (PPRI, Cairo) who made the transportation of our team to Ain Gudeirat possible; Prof. Hassan H. Fadl, Dr. Haitham Badrawi, Mr. Ayman Mahmoud (Ain Shams University), and Dr. Mahmoud S. Abd El-Dayem (Cairo University) who helped me during the two field trips to Ain Gudeirat; Dr. Gamal Orabi (Suez Canal University) who made his spider collection of 1996 from Ain Gudeirat available to me. References Abdel-Dayem, M.S. 2004. Diversity and spatial distribution of ground and tiger beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in the Sinai peninsula, Egypt. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt, 81: 57-80. Cambridge, O.P.-. 1872. General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1871: 212-354. Cambridge, O.P.-. 1876. Catalogue of a collection of spiders made in Egypt, with descriptions of new species and characters of a new genus. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1876: 541-630. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. & R. Jocqué. 1997. African Spiders: An Identification Manual. Plant Protection Res. Inst. Handbook, no. 9, Pretoria, 392 pp. Eberhard, W.G. 2000. Breaking the mold: behavioral variation and evolutionary innovation in Wendilgarda spiders (Araneae Theridiosomatidae). Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 12: 223-235. El-Hennawy, H.K. 1990. Annotated checklist of Egyptian spider species (Arachnida : Araneae). Serket, 1(4-5): 1-49. El-Hennawy, H.K. 2002a. Spiders of Sinai (Egypt), a list of species (Arachnida: Araneida). Serket, 8(1): 29-34. El-Hennawy, H.K. 2002b. A list of Egyptian spiders (revised in 2002). Serket, 8(2): 73-83. 117 El-Hennawy, H.K. 2003. Arachnids in three Egyptian coastal protected areas on Aqaba gulf (Red Sea). Serket, 8(4): 151-163. El-Hennawy, H.K. 2005. Arachnids in Mediterranean protected areas of Egypt. Serket, 9(3): 73-84. El-Hennawy, H.K. 2006. A list of Egyptian spiders (revised in 2006). Serket, 10(2): 65-76. El Ramly, I.M. 1965. Contribution to the hydrogeological study of limestone terrains in U.A.R. Symposium on Hydrogeology of Fractured Rocks, Dubrovnik (Yugoslavia) 7-14 October 1965. pp. 348-377. Ghabbour, S.I., Hussein, A.M. & El-Hennawy, H.K. 1999. Spider populations associated with different crops in Menoufiya Governorate, Nile Delta, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 77(3): 1163-1179. Idris, H. 1996. Springs in Egypt. Environmental Geology, 27: 99-104. Jocqué, R. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2006. Spider Families of the World. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, 336 pp. Koch, L. 1875. Aegyptische und abyssinische Arachniden gesammelt von Herrn C. Jickeli. Niirnberg, pp. 1-96. Lehtinen, P.T. 1967. Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Ann. Zool. Fenn., 4: 199-468. Nentwig, W., Hanggi, A., Kropf, C. & Blick, T. 2003. Spinnen Mitteleuropas/Central European Spiders. An internet identification key. http://www.araneae.unibe.ch Version of 8.12.2003. Osborn, D.J. & Helmy, I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (Including Sinai). Fieldiana, Zoology, New Series, No. 5, Publication 1309. Platnick, N.I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.htm| Roewer, C.F. 1954. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Bruxelles, 2b: 925-1751. Saleh, M.A. 1997. Amphibians and reptiles of Egypt. Publication of National Biodiversity Unit, No.6, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Nature Conservation Sector, Cairo. 234pp. Sallam, G.M. & El-Hennawy, H.K. 2003. Biological aspects of Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846) (Arachnida: Araneida: Titanoecidae) in Egypt. Serket, 8(4): 147-150. Shear, W.A. 1986. The evolution of web-building behavior in spiders: a third generation of hypotheses. Pp. 364-400. Jn: Shear, W.A. (ed.) Spiders. Webs, behavior, and evolution. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 492 pp. Simon, E. 1880. Liste d'Arachnides recueillis aux environs immédiats d'Alexandrie (Egypte) par M. A. Letourneux. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr., (5) 10(Bull.): 47-48. Simon, E. 1910. Catalogue raisonné des Arachnides du Nord de I'Afrique (Ire partie). Ann. Soc. ent. Fr., 79: 265-332. Szlep, R. 1966. Evolution of the orb-spinning activities: The web spinning in Titanoeca albomaculata Luc. (Araneae, Amaurobiidae). /srael Journal of Zoology, 15: 83-88. (Not seen) Taylor, B. & Sharaf, M. 2009. The Ants of Egypt. Online at: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~plzfg/ants/ants_of egypt_2007/cover.htm Trotta, A. 2005. Introduzione ai ragni italiani (Arachnida Araneae). Memorie Soc. entomol. ital., 83; 3-178. Wunderlich, J. 1995. Revision der Titanoeca tristis-Gruppe, mit zwei Neubeschreibungen aus der westlichen Palaarktis (Arachnida: Araneae: Titanoecidae). Beitrdge zur Araneologie, 4: 731-738. Zaher. M.A., El-Hennawy, H.K., Hassan, M.F., Hussein, A.M. & Ahmad, N.F.R. 2005. Survey and populations of spiders and other arthropods in cucurbit and legume fields in Al-Kanater (Egypt). Serket, 9(3): 91-100. 118 Serket (2009) vol. 11(3/4): 119-128. Scorpions of Saudi Arabia (List of species, their distribution, and identification key) Hisham K. El-Hennawy 41, El-Mantega El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el_hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract This paper presents an updated list of scorpions recorded in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the distribution localities of the species, and simplified identification keys to families and genera. The list includes 23 species and 3 subspecies that belong to 3 families: 18 species of 10 buthid genera, 1 hemiscorpiid species, and 4 species and 3 subspecies of 3 scorpionid genera. Keywords: Scorpions, Saudi Arabia. Introduction Scorpions of Saudi Arabia are not adequately studied yet. The first comprehensive work dealt with them was that of Vachon (1979) who provided a taxonomic study of 14 species and subspecies. Previous and successive infrequent works included the works of Kinzelbach (1985), Vachon & Kinzelbach (1987), and El-Hennawy (1992) who reviewed the scorpion species in the Middle East and the Arab countries. Hendrixson (2006) discussed the taxonomy and species composition of the buthid scorpion fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with notes on two other families. He reviewed the old and recent literature and provided identification keys to families, genera and species of all families with distribution maps of species. Recently, several contributions to the comprehensive study of the scorpion sting syndrome in Saudi Arabia and scorpion's identification appeared in the works of Al-Sadoon & Al-Farraj (2008) and Al-Asmari, ef al. (2007, 2009a, 2009b) to survey different regions of the country, i.e. Jazan, Al-Medina Al-Munawara, Al-Baha, Hail, and Riyadh regions. This paper is prepared to present an updated list of scorpions recorded in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the distribution localities of the species, and simplified identification keys to families and genera. The list includes 23 species and 3 subspecies that belong to 3 families: 18 species of 10 buthid genera, 1 hemiscorpiid species, and 4 species and 3 subspecies of 3 scorpionid genera. The main references consulted for systematics and identification keys are: Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758-1998) (Fet et al., 2000), and the works of Sissom (1990), El-Hennawy (1992), and Kovarik (2009). The list and distribution of species mainly depended on Vachon (1979), El-Hennawy (1992), and Hendrixson (2006), in addition to other references. Scorpions of Saudi Arabia Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 Genus Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 Androctonus bicolor Ehrenberg, 1828 A, b.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 106; Hail; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) Buthus australis citrina; Gough & Hirst, 1927: 4; Madina (= Androctonus amoreuxi (Audouin, 1825)), "misidentification" (Hendrixson, 2006: 109). A. c.; Vachon, 1979: 31-34, figs. 1-2, 4; Riyadh; Al Khardj; Riyadh-Dammam, km 85; Wadi Awsat; Harad; Jeddah; Buraiman, Torquam, Wadi Usfahn (near Jeddah); Wadi Hanifa; Al Khubra; Jebel Shafaf; Shaira; Hawi; Khurma; Qunfidah; Medain Saleh; Rumaiya; Khashm ath Thumani; NE Nariya; S Dharan. A. australis; Levy & Amitai, 1980: 36, 40; Jidda. (El-Hennawy, 1992; Hendrixson, 2006: 38) A. c.; Hendrixson, 2006: 38-43, figs. 1-2, plate 1; Makkah By-pass km 91.5, 21°14'N 39°49'E, 150 m; Makkah By-pass km 126, 21°19'N 40°00'E, 300 m; Jabal Sayid, 23°49'N 40°57'E, 1000 m; Jeddah City Dump, sea level, 21°24'N 39°13'E; Wadi ar-Rika, 22°30'N 44°35'E; Hulaifa, camp near oasis, 3500 ft; Province El Khobar; Wadi Turabah, 21°N 40°E, 1350 m; station Riyadh; Khashm ath-Thumami, 27°40'N 44°55'E; 35 km NE of Nartya, 27°39'N 48°43'E; 5 km S of Dhahran, 26°15'N 50°08'E; Jabal as-Sinfa, Sawawin District, 27°57'N 35°47'E; Hatim al-Khalidi, Wadi Qatan, 18°06'N 44°07'E; “prés de Shigri”, 28°N 36°E; Wadi Qatan, 18°06'N 44°07'E, 1500 m; Makkah By-pass km 80, 21°15'N 39°13'E; Makkah Bypass km 118.3, 21°17'N 39°56'E; Makkah By-pass km 125, 21°19'N 40°40'E, 300 m; Jeddah, 21°25'N 39°12'E; south of Jeddah, near sea; Wadi Hamaq, Camp 2; Riyadh; Sanam; al-Hashbah; 20 km NE of Makkah; Jawf; Wadi Qatan; Dammam; Sahal rimpth, 750 m; Taif; Addar, 22°10'N 39°30'E, 150 m; Khaybar/Hail; Wadi Turabah; 5 km W of al-Mubarraz; Wildlife Research Center, ca. 30 km SE of Taif, 21°16'N 40°42'E, 1400 m; Wadi ar-Rika, 22°30'N 44°35'E; vicinity of Riyadh; Turayf, 31°44'N 38°33'E, 850 m; Makkah By-pass km 80, 21°15'N 39°43'E, 150 m; Jabal al- Ghamdiyah. A, c.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2007: 833; Al-Medina Al-Munawara; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 106; Hail; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. Genus Apistobuthus Finnegan, 1932 Apistobuthus pterygocercus Finnegan, 1932 A, p.; Finnegan, 1932: 92; Uruq Dhahigah, Shena. A, p.; Vachon, 1979: 34-35, figs. 4-5; Uraq (SE Arabia); Dhahiga; Shannah; Andhur; Al Khardj; Dhahran. A. p.; Hendrixson, 2006: 44-46, figs. 3, 6, plate 2; Safura Desert; Shawala, Camp 3. A, p.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 106; Hail. 120 Genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 Buthacus buettikeri Hendrixson, 2006 B. leptochelys ssp.?; Vachon, 1979: 38-39, figs. 7-8, 26, 29, 61-63; Wadi Diriyah; Hofuf Road; Wadi Khuwa; Al Khubra; Jebel Shamar. B. b.; Hendrixson, 2006: 47-52, 59, figs. 4-6, plates 3, 4; Um ad-Dabah. Khashm Dhibi. Addar. Wadi Maraum. Jabal al-Ghamdiyah. Kijat. Makkah By-pass km 91.5. B. leptochelys; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 106; Hail; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. [The identification of B. leptochelys may be wrong. ] Buthacus yotvatensis nigroaculeatus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 B. y. n.; Vachon, 1979: 36-38, figs. 6, 8; Dammam; Al Khardj; Dhahran; Kurais area. B. tadmorensis n.; Kinzelbach, 1985: map III. B. y. n.; Hendrixson, 2006: 52-56, figs. 6-7, plate 5; Rub al-Khali, 22°07'N 48°14'E; Chantier OGER International, Damman; Riyadh; vicinity of Riyadh; Agqabat al- Uhuraytan, 27°48'N 36°04'E; ca. 80 km NW of Riyadh; Riyadh; Khashm Sudayr. B. y. n.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. Genus Butheolus Simon, 1882 Butheolus anthracinus (Pocock, 1895) B. a.; Hendrixson, 2006: 56-59, figs. 6, 8, plate 6; Khamis Mushait, 18°18'N 42°44'E. Butheolus villosus Hendrixson, 2006 B. v.; Hendrixson, 2006: 59-61, figs. 6, 9, plate 7; Khashm Dhibi. Genus Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 Compsobuthus arabicus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 C. a.; Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973: 122-124, figs. 17-20; Daugha; Wadi Mughhin; Ramlat Enfel; Khor Enfel. C. a.; Vachon, 1979: 39-40, figs. 9, 11; Daugha; Ramlat Enfel; Khor Enfel; Wadi Mughohin; SW & NW Dhahran; Quwayiyah; El Khubra, Ath Thamamah, N of Riyadh. C. a.; Hendrixson, 2006: 62-64, figs. 10, 13; Daugha, 900 feet [near Yemen-Oman borders]. C. a.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. Compsobuthus fuscatus Hendrixson, 2006 C. werneri ssp.?; Vachon, 1979: 40-42, figs. 10-11, 58-60; Wadi Marba, Khamis Mushayt; Village Qaraah; Abha-Taif Road; Wadi Usfahn (near Jeddah). C. f:; Hendrixson, 2006: 65-67, 74, figs. 11, 13, plate 8; Jabal Qishayradh, 21°17'N 40°17'E; al-Mashrab Sarat Abidah, nr. 18°N 43.5°E, 2000 m; Wadi Kharrar, 21°17'N 40°06'E, 460 m; Wadi al-Amar, 18°52'N 42°16'E, 2400 m; Namas, 2380 m; Jabal Sawda, 18°18'N 42°20'E, 2000 & 2800 m; Wadi Mahra, 19°38'N 42°38'E, 2000 m; Wadi Mihrim, 13 km Taif al-Had Road, 21°20'N 40°19'E, 1700 m; Wadi Sizan Dam, 17°02'N 41°5S'E, 200 m; Hijla, 14 km E of Abha; Jeddah; Wadi Shuqub, Makkah Province, 20°39'N 41°13'E, 1390 m. C. werneri; Al-Asmari, et al. 2007: 831; Jazan; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 100, 106; Al- Baha, Hail; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. [The identification of C. werneri may be wrong. | Compsobuthus longipalpis Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 C. I.; Hendrixson, 2006: 68-71, figs. 12, 13; Makkah District. 121 Compsobuthus pallidus Hendrixson, 2006 C. p.; Hendrixson, 2006: 71-74, figs. 13, 14, plate 9; Saudi Arabia : 31°40'N 39°30'E, 800 m [near Jordan-Iraq borders]. Compsobuthus setosus Hendrixson, 2006 C. s.; Hendrixson, 2006: 74-78, figs. 13, 15, plate 10; Khashm Khafs; Riyadh; vicinity of Riyadh. Genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908 Hottentotta jayakari jayakari (Pocock, 1895) Buthotus j.; Kinzelbach, 1985: Saudi Arabia. H. j. j.; Hendrixson, 2006: 78-81, figs. 13, 14, 18, plate 11; Farasan Island (Red Sea). H. j.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2007: 831; Jazan. Genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 Leiurus jordanensis Lourengo, Modry & Amr, 2002 L. j.; Hendrixson, 2006: 82-64, figs. 17, 18, 20a, plates 12-13; al-Uyaynah, 28°55'N 36°03'E, 740 m; al-Tawil, 29°58'N 39°34'E, 840 m [near Jordan borders]. Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828) Buthus q.; Gough & Hirst, 1927: 5, fig. 8; Medina. L. q. brachycentrus; Vachon, 1966: 211; ARABIA. L. q.; Vachon, 1979: 49-50, figs. 8, 37, 46-50, 64-66; Wadi Mizbil; Wadi Durmah; Khamis Mushayt; Wadi Tumeir; Wadi Mutaiwiyah, Mecca Road; Jeddah; Wadi Khumra; Abha-Gizan, km 53; Wadi ad Dilla; Kushm Dibi; Jebel Banban; Jubail; Shi area, al Qunfida; Wadi Fatima; Gizan. L. q. brachycentrus; Levy & Amitai, 1980: 47; Jidda (Gumfudam). L. q. hebraeus; Levy & Amitai, 1980: 48-53, figs. 47-51, map 3; Jidda; Medina; Amarna. L. q.; Hendrixson, 2006: 84-64, figs. 18, 19, 20b-c, plates 14-15; Manfah, 17°36'N 43°39'E; Makkah By-pass km 126; Jabal Sayid, 23°49.5'N 40°57'E, 1000 m; Wadi Shayban; Harrat Kuishm, 23°13'N 41°23'E; Grandi Lavori Road, 19°46'N 41°40'E, 960 m; Camp at al-Baha, 20°10'N 41°2S'E, IX.1982; Wadi Knayton, 550-650 m; Khamis; Bani Sar, Baha Province, 20°13'N 41°27'E, 2180 m; al-Fogah, Baha Province, 19°50'N 41°S1'E, 1630 m; Wadi Shuqub, Makkah Province, 20°39'N 41°13'E, 1390 m; Harithi, 21°18'N 40°18'E; Wadi Marwani; Wadi Turabah, Makkah Province, 21°N 41°E, 1250 m; al-Hadda, 21°23'N 40°14'E, 2000 m; Khashm Dhibi; Jizan; Jabal Dabbagh, 27°52'N 35°45'E, 2000 m; Jabal Barad, 21°08'N 40°13'E, 2000 m; Wadi Turabah, 1800 m:; Jiar, 23°38'N 38°33'E; Wadi Thareira, 21°09'N 40°44'E, 1440 m; wadi 30 km NE of al-Jamun, 21°48'N 39°5S'E, 350 m; Hakimah, 17°01'N 42°50'E, 60 m; Wadi Wajj, 21°09'N 40°22'E, 1600 m; Jabal Qishayradh, 21°17'N 40°17'E, 1950 m; 1 9, Makkah By-pass km 97, 21°12'N 39°50'E, 225 m; Makkah By-pass km 91.5, 21°15'N 39°48'E, 200 m; Wadi Qatan, 1350 m; Hila, 14 km E of Abha; 10 km NE of Biljurshi; Shumaisy, 25°06'N 38°43'E, 740 m; an-Naamah, 20°15'N 41°16'E, 2100 m; Baha; Fare, 22°45'N 39°47'E, 850 m; al-Fogah, Baha Province, 19°50'N 41°51'E, 1630 m; Wadi Wajj, 18 km SW of Taif, 1800 m; Wadi Tayyah, 18°32'N 42°14'E, 950 m; Wadi Bani Malik; Wadi Tuweig; Wadi Turabah; Wadi Shuqub; al-Faraah; Adama, 1770 m; Wadi Dhiyan, 19°50'N 41°28'E, 1050 m; Biljurshi, 1840 m; Bani Sar; Wadi Maharish, 1000 m; Wadi Yamaniyah, 1100 m; Wadi Ellah, 20°35'N 41°35'E, 1480 m; Adama, 1770 m; Wadi Asidah, 20°25'N 41°12'E, 1480 m; halfway between Ranja nr. Bisha; Jeddah; Wadi Hanaq; Adama, 1770 m; al-Amar, 25°59'N 50°32'E; Jeddah; Wadi Khumra; Khashm Dhibi; Hesua, Camp 1; Wadi Turabah, 1510 m; Khashm al-Atash; Hudenah, 800 m; 122 Riyadh; vicinity of Riyadh; Wadi Shamrug, 20°29'N 41°19'E, 1600 m; Wadi Mahra, 19°38'N 41°54'E, 2000 m; Grandi Lavori. L. q.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2007: 833; Al-Medina Al-Munawara; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 100, 106; Al-Baha, Hail; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. Genus Orthochirus Karsch, 1891 Orthochirus innesi Simon, 1910 O. i.; Vachon, 1979: 53-55, figs. 36, 38, 55-57; Wadi Mizbil; Wadi Mutaiwiyah, Mecca Road; Al Khardj; Afif, N of Abha; Jeddah; Kushm Dibi. O. i.; Hendrixson, 2006: 91-95, figs. 21, 23, plate 16; Huraymila, ca. 80 km NW of Riyadh; Nugrah, Janabiyal, 25°36'N 41°28'E, 900 m; Wadi Bani Malik; Wadi Nissah; Hudenah; Khashm Khafs; Wadi Mukhtayn; Khashm Dhibi; Wadi Marwani; Riyadh; Dammam. O. i.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2007: 831, 833; Jazan, Al-Medina Al-Munawara; Al-Asmari, ef al. 2009a: 100, 106; Al-Baha, Hail; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. Genus Parabuthus Pocock, 1890 Parabuthus leiosoma leiosoma (Ehrenberg, 1828) Buthus liosoma; Simon, 1882: 244; Gumfuda. P. liosoma liosoma; Vachon, 1979: 55-56, figs. 3, 36, 39; Bahara; Abha-Gizan, km 53; Wadi ad Dilla; Shi area, al Qunfida; Jeddah; Burainam, near Jeddah; near Gizan. P. I. 1.; Hendrixson, 2006: 96-99, figs. 22, 23, plate 17; al-Qunfudhah; nr. Abu Arish, 16°58'N 42°S50'E, ca. 50 m; Jizan; nr. Jizan, ca. 30 m; Khulais nr. Jeddah; Khashm Khafs; Hesua, Camp 1; Lower Grandi Lavori, 19°35'N 41°39'E, 550 m; Tarfa, 17°03'N 42°21'E; N 30 degrees W 13 km from Shuqaygq, 17°50'N 41°57'E, near sea level. P. liosoma; Al-Asmari, et al. 2007: 830; Jazan. Genus Vachoniolus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 Vachoniolus globimanus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 Buthacus minipectenibus; Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973: 128-130, figs. 27-31; Munegger-Sanam; Gebel Shamar; Naifa. V. minipectinibus; Vachon, 1979: 49, figs, 12-17, 27, 30, 33, 36; Munneger Sanam; Gebel Shamar; S of Dharan; Khobar; Naifa. V. g.; Hendrixson, 2006: 100-102, figs. 23, 24, plate 18; Munegger-Sanam; Riyadh. V. minipectinibus; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 100; Al-Baha. Family Hemiscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 Genus Hemiscorpius Peters, 1861 Hemiscorpius arabicus Pocock, 1899 H. a.; Vachon, 1979: 59, figs. 41, 44, 45; Al Hair; Kushm Dibi, (South of Riyadh). H. sp.; Hendrixson, 2006: 103-104, figs. 25, 27, plate 19; Wadi Birk. H. a.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. Family Scorpionidae Peters, 1862 Genus Nebo Simon, 1878 Nebo hierichonticus (Simon, 1872) ? N. h.; Kinzelbach, 1985: Saudi Arabia. N. spp.; Hendrixson, 2006: 106, figs. 26, 27, plate 20; Munegger-Sanam; Riyadh. Grandi Lavori, 19°45'N 41°40'E, 800-1000 m; USGS Camp at al-Baha, 20°10'N 41°25'E, 2000 m; Buraiman, N of Jeddah; al-Uqdah, Baha Province, 19°35'N 41°07.5'E; Wadi Turabah, 123 Makkah Province, 21°N 40°E, 1350 m; Jabal Barad, 21°08'N 40°13'E, 2000 m; nr. Abha, 2000 m:; Bani Sar, 20°05'N 41°26'E, 2130 m; Hakimah, 17°01'N 42°50'E, 60 m; Jabal Qishayradh, 21°17'N 40°17'E, 1950 m; Dalaghan, Asir, 18°05'N 42°43'E; Baha; Namas, 2380 m; Wadi Maharish, 1000 m; Khaybar/Hail; Leyla; Wadi Bani Malik, at foot of Jabal Ibrahim, 20°27'N 41°09'E, 1400 m; A.M. Al-Maliki, WDS; Wadi Mahra, 19°38'N 41°54'E, 2000 m. N. h.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2007: 831; Jazan; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 100; Al-Baha. Genus Pandinus Thorell, 1876 Pandinus (Pandinurus) arabicus (Kraepelin, 1894) Scorpio a.; Kraepelin, 1894: 58-60, fig.10; ARABIA. ? P. a.; Kraepelin, 1899: 120; Homran, ARABIA. Pandinus (Pandinurus) exitialis (Pocock, 1888) P. e.; Vachon, 1966: 215; ARABIA. ? Genus Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 Scorpio maurus Linnaeus, 1758 Scorpio maurus arabicus (Pocock, 1900) Heterometrus a.; Pocock, 1900: 363; ARABIA. S. m. a.; Vachon, 1966: 215; ARABIA. Scorpio maurus fuscus (Ehrenberg, 1829) S. m. f.; Vachon, 1979: 57-59, figs. 43, 45; camp Khamis Mushayt; Road Taif-Abha, 200-300 km south of Taif, S. m. f.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 100; Al-Baha. Scorpio maurus kruglovi Birula, 1910 S. m. k.; Vachon, 1979: 57, figs. 40, 42, 45, 51-53; Wadi Hanifa; petrified forest near Riyadh. S. m. k.; Al-Asmari, et al. 2007: 833; Al-Medina Al-Munawara; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009a: 106; Hail; Al-Asmari, et al. 2009b: 618; Riyadh. Scorpio maurus sspp. S. m. sspp.; Hendrixson, 2006: 108, figs. 27, 28, plate 21; USGS Camp at al-Baha, 20°10'N 41°25'E, 2000 m; Manfah, 17°36'N 43°39'E; Harithi, Makkah Province, 21°18'N 40°18'E, 1910 m; Bani Sar, Baha Province, 20°13'N 41°27'E, 2180 m; Jabal as-Sinfa, 27°57N 35°47'E, 300 m; Jabal Sawda, 18°18'N 42°20'E, 2000 m; Hakimah, 17°01'N 42°S0'E, 60 m; 31°40'N 39°30'E, 800 m; Hijfa; Namas, 2380 m; Adama, 1770 m. List of species Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 Androctonus bicolor Ehrenberg, 1828 Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) Apistobuthus pterygocercus Finnegan, 1932 Buthacus buettikeri Hendrixson, 2006 Buthacus yotvatensis nigroaculeatus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 Butheolus anthracinus (Pocock, 1895) Butheolus villosus Hendrixson, 2006 Compsobuthus arabicus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 Compsobuthus fuscatus Hendrixson, 2006 Compsobuthus longipalpis Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 124 Compsobuthus pallidus Hendrixson, 2006 Compsobuthus setosus Hendrixson, 2006 Hottentotta jayakari jayakari (Pocock, 1895) Leiurus jordanensis Lourengo, Modry & Amr, 2002 Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828) Orthochirus innesi Simon, 1910 Parabuthus leiosoma leiosoma (Ehrenberg, 1828) Vachoniolus globimanus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 Family Hemiscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 Hemiscorpius arabicus Pocock, 1899 Family Scorpionidae Peters, 1862 Nebo hierichonticus (Simon, 1872) ? Pandinus (Pandinurus) arabicus (Kraepelin, 1894) Pandinus (Pandinurus) exitialis (Pocock, 1888) Scorpio maurus arabicus (Pocock, 1900) Scorpio maurus fuscus (Ehrenberg, 1829) Scorpio maurus kruglovi Birula, 1910 Scorpio maurus sspp. Key to the scorpion families in Saudi Arabia 1. Pedipalp patella without ventral trichobothria; sternum subtriangular; anterior margin of carapace not conspicuously notched .......... Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 (804 species) — Pedipalp patella with one or more ventral trichobothria; sternum subpentagonal; nie At CI Of CALADACE Wit GISEINCL NOCD k. ..65..n:aca.0-]); stridulatory patch absent 7. Carapace, in lateral view, with a distinct downward slope from median eyes to anterior margin; carapace and tergites densely granular; small scorpions (usually less than 30 mm LOM®) ...neecsscssennceesevecenccecorecensoedtbdeecenus Meshg renee cs lgcetee ace deen ate ee | en 8 — Carapace, in lateral view, with entire dorsal surface horizontal (or nearly so); carapace and tergites with variable granulation; scorpions of variable SiZe.............:cccccsceesseeeseeeees 2 8. Metasomal segments IV and V punctate; telson elongate, aculeus as long or longer fINAN VESTOUS cs onccnctednvceccreveteeceptes est ey oe eee re ee ee Se Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 — Metasomal segments ventrally smooth or granulated; telson bulbous, aculeus shorter than. GSte le pach 55 ae ee Butheolus Simon, 1882 9. Patella of pedipalp with 8 or 9 external trichobothria; carapace smooth to shagreened; male pedipalp chela swollen and globular .... Vachoniolus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973 — Patella of pedipalp with 7 external trichobothria; carapace granular or smooth; male pedipalp, chela not swollenpe.. 22.05.5502. teee ee eee Buthacus Birula, 1908 Key to the genera of Family Scorpionidae in Saudi Arabia 1. Kelson; wath subaculear: tubercle, 2-0-5. ese oo ee ee Nebo Simon, 1878 + Telsonnwithoutssubaculear tubercle ices ct scssaseassssesecquassocsceseseseseeeee see ee Z 2. Stridulation organ located on opposing surfaces of coxae of pedipalps and first pair of legs. Pedipalp patella with numerous ventral trichobothria ......... Pandinus Thorell, 1876 — Stridulation organ absent. Pedipalp patella with 19 trichobothria, 13 of them on external SPACER orcs hatte tee ce cam ete, Cee oe a a eee noes Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 Notes on species identification I. Hendrixson (2006) differentiated among the following species of different genera as follows: Genus Buthacus 1. Metasomal segments densely hirsute ............. Buthacus yotvatensis nigroaculeatus =—Metasomal segments witht tev Setae) so... 4.-4s aac eee eee ane eee Buthacus buettikeri Genus Butheolus 1. Metasoma and telson densely hirsute; lateral inframedian carinae on metasomal ségment IN absent alsc2e5.) 2 Se eae eee ee Butheolus villosus — Metasoma and telson with few setae; lateral inframedian carinae on metasomal segment TV: presentetiraes. Se eos Oie L0hle.: RE Oe re es caaee Butheolus anthracinus Genus Compsobuthus a-eaipalp chela fingers with outer accessory oranulles ... . 2... .je---p--scgspecenneonesenssoenere 2 — Pedipalp chela fingers without outer accessory granules ....0..........eseeeeseceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeee® 3 2. Lateral inframedian carinae on metasomal segments II and III represented by only a few granules; pedipalp chela fingers extremely elongated ..... Compsobuthus longipalpis — Lateral inframedian carinae on metasomal segments II and III present at least on posterior three-fourths; pedipalp chela fingers not as above ...... Compsobuthus fuscatus 3. Sternite VII and ventral surface of metasomal segments with numerous small red setae; pedipalp chela length/depth approximately 7.00 ..................2. Compsobuthus setosus — Sternite VII and ventral surface of metasomal segments lacking numerous small red eee Pepa ceelaengtn depth <6,00 2 4 cpian Jasez; -deees) 4 avencaatee sacsceased. ateliend atbiecee sees 4 4. Carapacial and tergal surfaces densely, minutely granular; pectinal tooth counts 9-15; nine or fewer rows of granules along dentate margin of pedipalp chela OO OS La tity iete2 Sa lcls odes scdaae ce cee esses’ Compsobuthus arabicus — Carapacial and tergal surfaces not as above; pectinal tooth counts 15-18; 10-11 rows of granules along dentate margin of pedipalp chela fingers .......... Compsobuthus pallidus Genus Leiurus 1. Base colour dark brown to black; ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segment V with RRR NES fy LODICE Mat. Miteia 00. OUR, 201. ee. Leiurus jordanensis — Base colour more or less yellow, often with dusky colouration, but never dark brown to black; ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segment V_ with lobate denticles ee Serres), arty) isa) sk ii. Hodes Ate. eae A reac. bss fo: Leiurus quinquestriatus Il. | agree with Hendrixson (2006) that scorpions of both Nebo and Scorpio need revision. Do all collected specimens of Nebo in Saudi Arabia belong to Nebo hierichonticus (Simon, 1872), or to other species? ' Hendrixson (2006) stated that “a thorough revision, of Scorpio, is badly needed”. Three subspecies of Scorpio maurus are here listed according to Vachon (1966, 1979). Their identification and their situation may be changed after studying a good material from Saudi Arabia and adjacent countries. According to the colour plates of Kovarik (2009), Scorpio maurus fuscus male has dark body while Scorpio maurus arabicus female has a lighter colouration. Scorpio maurus kruglovi female has the same colouration of S. m. fuscus, while its male has lighter pedipalps and metasoma. However, colouration is not enough to differentiate among species or subspecies. Even, the detailed study of Scorpio maurus subspecies by Birula (1910) is not adequate for identification. III. I could not delete the doubtful (?) records of Pandinus from the list. This genus or a similar one was reported from the south of Saudi Arabia, but no available material for examination until now. Acknowledgments The queries of Dr. Mahmoud Desouky (University of Ha’'il) on scorpion identification, meeting Dr. Ali S. Al-Akel (University of King Saud) during a scientific conference to discuss the study of scorpions in Saudi Arabia, and receiving two recent papers on scorpions of Al-Madina and Hail (MD) and an interesting popular book in Arabic on scorpions prepared by Dr. Mohammad K. Al-Sadoon and Dr. Saud A. Al- Farraj (ASA) activated me to prepare this work. I am indebted to them. 127 References Al-Asmari, A.K., Al-Saif, A.A. & Abdo, N.M. 2007. Morphological identification of scorpion species from Jazan and Al-Medina Al-Munawara Regions, Saudi Arabia. J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis., 13(4): 821-843. Al-Asmari, A.K., Al-Saif, A.A., Abdo, N.M. & Al-Moutaery, K.R. 2009a. The scorpion fauna of AI- Baha and Hail Regions, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(2): 96-108. Al-Asmari, A.K., Al-Saief, A.A., Abdo, N.M. & Al-Moutaery, K.R. 2009b. New additions to the scorpion fauna of Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis., 15(4): 612-632. Al-Sadoon, M.K. & Al-Farraj, S.A. 2008. Scorpions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2" ed. Riyadh. 96pp. (In Arabic) Birula, A.A. 1910. Ueber Scorpio maurus Linné und seine Unterarten. Horae Soc. Ent. Rossicae, 39: 115-192. El-Hennawy, H.K. 1992. A catalogue of the scorpions described from the Arab countries (1758-1990) (Arachnida : Scorpionida). Serket, 2(4): 95-153. Fet, V., Sissom, W.D., Lowe, G. & Braunwalder, M.E. 2000. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758-1998). 690 pp. New York; New York Entomological Society. Finnegan, S. 1932. Report on the Scorpions collected by Mr Bertram Thomas in Arabia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 38: 91-98. Gough, L.H. & Hirst, S. 1927. Key to the identification of Egyptian scorpions. A method of identifying Egyptian scorpions from the fifth caudal segment and stings. Bulletin of the Ministry of Agriculture of Egypt, Technical Scientific Service, 76: 7pp., Spls. Hendrixson, B.E. 2006. Buthid scorpions of Saudi Arabia, with notes on other families (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Liochelidae, Scorpionidae). Fauna of Arabia, 21: 33-120. Kinzelbach, R. 1985. Vorderer Orient. Skorpione (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Tiibinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Karte Nr. A VI 14.2. [The scorpions of the Near and Middle East. Wiesbaden. ] Kovarik, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Clairon Production, Prague, 170pp. Kraepelin, K. 1894. Revision der Skorpione. II. Scorpionidae und Bothriuridae. Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst., 11: 1-248. Kraepelin, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. Das Tierreich 8: 1-265, 94 figs. Levy, G. & Amitai, P. 1980. Fauna Palaestina. Arachnida 1: Scorpiones. X + 134 pp. Jerusalem; Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Levy, G., Amitai, P. & Shulov, A. 1973. New scorpions from Israel, Jordan and Arabia. Zoological journal of the Linnean Society, 52(2): 113-140, 48 figs. Pocock, R.I. 1900. The Scorpions of the Genus Heterometrus. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7)6: 362-365. Simon, E. 1882. Etude sur les Arachnides de 1'Yemen méridional. In: Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso “Esploratore” dal 16. Novembre 1879 al 26. Febbraio 1880. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207-260, pl. vili. [Sc. 244- 250, 258-259] Sissom, W.D. 1990. Systematics, biogeography, and paleontology. In: The Biology of Scorpions. Polis, G.A. (ed.): 64-160. Stanford; Stanford University Press. Vachon, M. 1966. Liste des Scorpions connus en Egypte, Arabie, Israél, Liban, Syrie, Jordanie, Turquie, Irak, Iran. Toxicon, 4(3): 209-218. Vachon, M. 1979. Arachnids of Saudi Arabia. Scorpiones. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1: 30-66. Vachon, M. & Kinzelbach, R. 1987. On the taxonomy and distribution of the scorpions of the Middle East. Beihefte zum Tiibinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A, Naturwissenschaften, 28: 91-103. 128 Serket (2009) vol. 11(3/4): 129-137. Eresidae of Sudan (Araneida: Eresidae) Hisham K. El-Hennawy 41, El-Manteqa El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el_ hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract Three species of only one genus of family Eresidae are recorded from Sudan, 1.e., Stegodyphus dufouri, S. lineatus, and S. manicatus. The female of S. m. is redescribed with notes on its biology and habitat. A key to Stegodyphus species in Sudan and a map of their distribution are presented. Keywords: Stegodyphus manicatus, Eresidae, Spiders, Sudan. Introduction There are about 80 spider species of 20 families recorded from Sudan. Family Eresidae C. L. Koch, 1850 is one of those families. It includes 100 species and subspecies, of 10 genera, among 40998 spider species all over the world (Platnick, 2009). Only three eresid species of genus Stegodyphus Simon, 1873 are recorded from Sudan. All of them are described and figured in the revision of the genus by Kraus & Kraus (1989). Four juvenile Stegodyphus specimens were collected from Sudan on July 2008. They were collected from their nests on trees. Three of them died during transportation to Egypt and only one survived and reared in laboratory until becoming adult female. This adult one was identified as Stegodyphus manicatus Simon, 1876 and described below, with notes on its habitat and its biology. The distribution of the three Stegodyphus species of Sudan is plotted on a map, in addition to notes on the three species. Abbreviations used: ALE = anterior lateral eye; AME = anterior median eye; Id = interdistance; L = length; PLE = posterior lateral eye; PME = posterior median eye; TL = total length; W = width. All measurements are in millimetres. Systematics Family Eresidae C. L. Koch, 1850 “Velvet spiders” Diagnosis: Small to large (3-35 mm) araneomorph spiders; cribellate; entelegyne; legs with three tarsal claws; carapace convex, rectangular, with eight eyes; median eyes situated close together, with lateral eyes widely spaced; body usually clothed in a dense layer of short plumose setae (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006). Distribution: Mostly Afrotropical and Palaearctic. Genus Stegodyphus Simon, 1873 There are 21 species of genus Stegodyphus, most of them are recorded from Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, with 2 species from Brazil and 4 species from Southeast Asia (Platnick, 2009). Stegodyphus spiders build their nests and webs on plants. Some of them are social spiders, 1.e., living in colonies. The three species recorded from Sudan are solitary or “sub-social” (“non-permanenly social” or “periodic-social’’) species. The following information about these three species are extracted from literature, mainly from Kraus & Kraus (1989), in addition to photographs of alive specimens to facilitate identification. Stegodyphus dufouri (Audouin, 1825) Figs. 1-2, 8, 10. Eresus dufourii Audouin, 1825: 151-152, pl. 4, f. 12 (Q). Eresus dufourii Audouin, 1827: 376-377, pl. 4, f. 12 (Q). S. manicatus Simon, 1908: 80 (Gonly, misidentified). S. niloticus Simon, 1908: 80-82 (2). S. d. Simon, 1910: 287, f. 4B (¢Q). S. manicatus Simon, 1910: 288, f. 4C (Gonly, misidentified). S. manicatus Berland & Millot, 1940: 158-159, f. 10C-D (4, non @) S. assomptioni Berland & Millot, 1940: 160, f. 12 (2 only). S. d. Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 208-214, f. 104-105, 111-112, 126-131, 142-173, Map 9 (39). World Distribution: Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Tunesia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Yemen, Senegal, (Upper Volta, Niger, Tchad ?). Distribution in Sudan: - E] Khandag (62 BMNH 20.10.35; Sudan Agric. Res. Serv. leg. 30.III. 1936). - Suakim (59 29 pre-Epig. ZMB 3897; Stecker leg. X. 1886). - Wadi Halfa (19° Holotype of niloticus MNHN AR929). Stegodyphus lineatus (Latreille, 1817) Figs. 3-4, 9, 11. S. 1. deserticola Simon, 1908: 79 (D). S. 1 Simon, 1910: 286-287, f. 4A (¢Q). S. 1. deserticola Simon, 1910: 287 (). S. 1. Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 231-235, f. 1-2, 28, 202-205, 227-228, 234-242, pl. 3 (f. A-E, G), Map 7 (SQ). World Distribution: Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Palestine (Israel), Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Uzbekistan; Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Tchad, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen. Distribution in Sudan: - Khartoum (19 pre-epig. MRAC 120.761; Cloudsley-Thompson leg. 1960-61). 130 Stegodyphus manicatus Simon, 1876 Figs. 5, 6, 12-22. S. m. Simon, 1876: 87 (Q). S. m. Simon, 1908: 79-80 (Q, non 3). S. m. Simon, 1910: 288 (2 only, = S. dufouri). S. m. Berland & Millot, 1940: 158-159, f. 1OA-B (2, non G=S. dufouri). S. assomptioni Berland & Millot, 1940: 159-160, f. 11 (4, nec Q). S. m. Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 218-220, f. 108, 114-115, 188-194, Map 6 (4, Q). World Distribution: Senegal, Mali, Niger, Tchad, Sudan, Ethiopia. Mostly south of the Sahara (Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 249, Map 6). Distribution in Sudan: - Khartoum (12 MRAC 123.051; Cloudsley-Thompson leg.). - Kassala (16° MRAC 133.678; Clarkson leg. 1951). - Suakim (12 ZMB [ex 3897]). [BMNH = The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom MNHN = Muséum National d‘ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France MRAC = Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium ZMB = Museum fir Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, Germany] Figs. 1-5. Habitus, dorsal view. 1-2. Stegodyphus dufouri (Audouin, 1825) (Specimens from Egypt.) 3-4. Stegodyphus lineatus (Latreille, 1817) ene © - ne. 42. UO) 1) 5. Stegodyphus manicatus Simon, 1876 &. [Fig. 11A, after Berland & Millot, 1940: 159] 131 a Fig. 6. Stegodyphus manicatus, dorsal colour pattern of opisthosoma (<). [Fig. 108, after Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 200] Fig. 7. Distribution map of Stegodyphus species of Sudan. 1 = Stegodyphus dufouri, 2 = Stegodyphus lineatus, 3 = Stegodyphus manicatus. [Wadi Halfa 21°47'35"N, 31°22'16"E; El Khandaq 18°36'00"N, 30°33'60"E; Sawakin 19°06'01"N, 37°19'56"E; Khartoum = 15°34'48"N, 32°31'12"E; Kassala =: 15°27'36"N, 36°23'24"E; Al-Ubayyid 13°12'11"N, 30°19'22"E] { | 228 os , 227 8 . "198 9 0.25 Fig. 8. Male pedipalp and terminal lamella of Stegodyphus dufouri, Egypt, Djebel Mokattam. [Figs. 126-129, after Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 203] Fig. 9. Male pedipalp and terminal lamella of Stegodyphus lineatus. [Figs. 227-228, after Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 229] 132 Fig. 10. Stegodyphus dufouri epigynum and vulva, type of niloticus. 148-149. Ventral view, 154. Dorsal view. [Figs. 148-149, 154, after Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 210] 234 a2 =? Fig. 11. Stegodyphus lineatus Epigynum and vulva. 234-235. Ventral view. 236. Vulva, dorsal view. [Figs. 234-236, after Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 230] Fig. 12. Stegodyphus manicatus. 188-191. Male pedipalp and details of terminal lamella [188-189: type of assomptioni, 190-191: other specimen]. 192-194. Epigynum and vulva, ventral and dorsal view [type of manicatus]. [Figs. 188-194, after Kraus & Kraus, 1989: 219] 133 Key to Stegodyphus species in Sudan manicatus Seer eae DED ADD Fig.2 | Figs | Fig 40) Fiss 26 ee | [tiers | Fig. 12 | Stegodyphus dufouri lineatus L leg I: L cephalothorax W PME: W AME Abdominal pattern lo Palpal organ ° Epigynum and vulvae ETE Mh ethen Qi FEE Fig. 12 Stegodyphus manicatus from Kordufan, Sudan (Figs. 13-22). Description: Female (Fig. 18): TL 16.142; Cephalothorax (Fig. 16) L 5.95. Cephalic part: L 3.825, W 3.57; L : W = 1.07; elevated, reddish orange, covered by white hairs, except ocular region, frontal region of prosoma, clypeus and chelicerae covered by black hairs. Thoracic part: L 2.125, W 3.825; L : W = 0.55; colouration similar to cephalic part, but with sparse white hairs. Eyes: transparent; AME and PLE equal; posterior medians (PME) largest, slightly larger than anterior laterals (ALE) and 1’ times larger than anterior medians (AME) and posterior laterals (PLE). Median ocular area wider than long. Eye measurements (diameters and interdistances): AME 0.204, ALE 0.238, PME 0.255, PLE 0.204, AM-AM 0.238, AL-AL 2.414, PM-PM 0.374, PL-PL 2.006, AM-AL 1.09, AM-PM 0.136. (Id PME : Id AME = 1.57; Id PLE : Id ALE = 83.09%). Chelicerae: covered by dense black hairs. Sternum dark orange. Labium and maxillae: reddish orange, except internal parts white. Pedipalps: dark orange, covered by black hairs on first and second segments. Legs: orange yellow, covered by white hairs. Metatarsus and tarsus [V blackish. Leg II darker than HI & IV. Leg I darker than II, with dense black hairs on femur, prolaterally and ventrally, and tibia, only prolaterally. Calamistrum about 7% the length of metatarsus IV retrolaterally (Fig. 17). Table 1: 2, Legs measurements (mm). Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total length I 4.081 2.385 2.65 2915 1nSo 13262) II 3,599 1.749 1.908 1.749 1.06 9.805 Ill DAD 1.696 1.431 1.59 0.795 7.632 IV Bill D226 2.65 2.385 1.113 12.084 Relative length of legs 113 : 81 : 63 : 100. Leg formula I-IV-II-III. L leg I: L cephalothorax = 2.29. Spination pattern: ventrally: two distal spines on metatarsus I; two distal + two median spines on metatarsi and two distal spines on tibiae II-IV; none elsewhere. Abdomen: L 10.192; Creamy white dorsally and ventrally, covered by short hairs (Figs. 15, 19). Cribellum bipartite (L 0.583). Epigynum (Fig. 20), W 0.612 ventrally after separating and clearing, and vulvae similar to those figured by Kraus & Kraus (1989: Figs. 192-194) (Fig. 12) except the distance between vulvae, which are contiguous in Kordufan’s specimen (Figs. 21-22). Distribution: S. m. was previously recorded from Khartoum, Kassala, and Suakim (Sawakin) (Kraus & Kraus, 1989). The new material studied was collected near Al- Ubayyid: 3 juveniles, from Khor Tagget (13°12'11.5"N, 30°19'22.2"E, Alt. 559m), near Faculty of Science, Kordufan University, 28 July 2008, in their webs on bark of Adansonia digitata, Tabaldi tree (Baobab); 1 juvenile, from its nest among Acacia 134 bagworm cocoons (Auchmophila kordofensis), on Acacia nubica tree, beside the road from Al-Ubayyid to Kazgail (13°06'15.9"N, 30°11'17.3"E, Alt. 585m), 29 July 2008 (Fig. 7). The described female was one of those collected juveniles, reared in Khartoum and Cairo. Only two moults were observed, 18 August 2008 and 17 September 2008. She lived until 27 June 2009 and preserved on the next day. Biology and Habitat The male type of S. assomptioni was “captured in the garden of the governor inside a small lodge of silk fixed on a shrub’s branch” (Berland & Millot, 1940: 160). Kordufan juvenile specimens were found in their webs on bark of Adansonia digitata, Tabaldi tree (Fig. 13) and among Acacia bagworm cocoons (Auchmophila kordofensis) on Acacia nubica tree. Fig. 13. Web of juvenile Stegodyphus manicatus on tree trunk bark. Fig. 14. Juvenile Stegodyphus manicatus at nest’s entrance. Fig. 15. Subadult female seizing her prey, Musca domestica. Fig. 16. Female’s cephalothorax. Fig. 17. Female’s calamistrum on metatarsus IV. In west Africa, Millot & Bourgin (1942: 299) reported the presence of S. manicatus in a colony. Kraus & Kraus (1989: 220) had seen 13 females from Niger col- | 135 lected together with their large nest that showed funnel-like tubes. They reported that “Various cocoons contained nymphs and the succeeding instar; they must have been produced nearly simultaneously, 1.e., by different females”. They stated “It is not quite clear whether the species may occur in colonies or may perhaps (!) be a social-living species”. S. manicatus juveniles, subadults and adult were reared on different kinds of prey, 1.e., bees, wasps, flies, and sometimes caterpillars (Fig. 15). They were very fast in attack and in subduing the prey. They built dense silk nests, each with a single entrance. The colouration of the juvenile was slightly different, with less blach hairs on frontal region of prosoma, chelicerae, and legs (Fig. 14). Fig. 18. Stegodyphus manicatus Simon, 1876. 9. 19 Fig. 19. Cuticle of adult female's abdomen. Fig. 20. Epigynum, ventral view. 136 | 22 Fig. 21. Epigynum, ventral view, after separating and clearing. Fig. 22. Vulvae, dorsal view. Acknowledgments I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Tigani M. H. Allam, the director of the Natural History Museum, University of Khartoum, who invited me to visit Sudan (23 July - 10 August 2008). His generosity, his kind help and his wide scope of both culture and science are unforgettable. My sincere thanks are due to all Sudanese colleagues who helped me during my visit to Sudan and made me eager to study its fauna. I am grateful too to Prof. Dr. Mashaal A. Saleh, the dean of Faculty of Science, Kordufan University who made my visit to Kordufan possible and hosted me there. My sincere thanks are due to my Sudanese friends Fathy, Serr, Sara, and Aasem who helped me much during my visit to Kordufan. References Audouin, V. 1825. Explication sommaire des planches d'Arachnides de I'Egypte et de la Syrie, Publiées par Jules-César Savigny. In: Description de I'Egypte ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant I'expédition de l'armée francaise. Histoire Naturelle. Tome Premier 1809. Paris. 4e partie, pp. 99-186. Atlas: pls. 1-9 (Arachnides). Audouin, V. 1827. Ibid. 2™ edition. vol. 22, pp. 291-430. Berland, L. & Millot, J. 1940. Les araignées de l'Afrique occidentale frangaise. I]. Cribellates. Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France, 108: 149-160. Jocqué, R. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2006. Spider Families of the World. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, 336 pp. Kraus, O. & Kraus, M. 1989. The genus Stegodyphus (Arachnida, Araneae). Sibling species, species groups, and parallel origin of social living. Verh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 30: 151-254. Millot, J. & Bourgin, P. 1942. Sur la biologie des Stegodyphus solitaires (Aranéides Erésides). Bulletin biologique de la France et Belgique, 76: 298-313. Platnick, N.I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html| Simon, E. 1876. Diagnoses de nouvelles espéces d'Arachnides. Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France, (5) 6(Bull.): 86-88. Simon, E. 1908. Etude sur les especes de la famille des Eresidae qui habitent l'Egypte. Bulletin de la Societé Entomologique d'Egypte, 1: 77-84. Simon, E. 1910. Catalogue raisonné des arachnides du nord de I'Afrique (Ire partie). Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France, 79: 265-332. 137 ” i ~ engi Feahdam vali | : a) Boe) 7 nee Ps M, Bea we * co « ‘ + * i : a . Pf Phe | ~ aS : ¢ \ ah We A’ i ‘ af on sai ny é 4 i ‘ ¥ a ‘ | if) Ma y : te we tsore, agian ; ' Tye ~~ tt ata ‘Pye, ene eb A'D "7 i ite i ar Lee i . Nariel” ries + ;@rni” 1 me i vi he ao ~Be« jon We SOO, Ye 0 it PES i" a> ae any. ta ee La! The Pak tz PM woag Sith pry pa hu ‘a! een eae | r "ay pe Wie hut var oar ue LA a é oh Ne see ay s ao « € / 8s 7 A a : ae Serket = Sarkat. | American Museum of Natural History Received on: 04-06-10 AMNH LIBRARY i 200006 4, vee SERKET oS pew 12 Cairo - Egypt A 2010 SERKET Volume 12 Part 1 May, 2010 Cairo, Egypt Contents Page Leiurus abdullahbayrami (Scorpiones: Buthidae), a new species for the scorpion fauna of Syria Nazir Khalil & Ersen Aydin Yagmur 1 The first record of genus Argyrodes Simon, 1864 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Turkey Rahsen S. Kaya, Kadir Boga¢g Kunt, Yuri M. Marusik & Ersen Aydin YaSmur a New records of ground spiders from Turkey (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) Osman Seyyar & Hakan Demir 13 Additional notes on crab spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae and Philodromidae) Hakan Demir, Metin Aktas & Aydin Topcu 17 Hersiliidae of Sudan (Araneida: Hersiliidae) Hisham K. El-Hennawy we) Subscription for volume 12 (2010-2011): US $ 25.00 (personal rate), US $35.00 (institutional rate) Back issues : Volume | (1987-1990), Vol. 2 (1990-1992), Vol. 4 (1994-1996), Vol. 5 (1996-1997), Vol. 6 (1998-2000), Vol. 7 (2000-2001), Vol. 8 (2002-2003), Vol. 9 (2004-2005), 10 (2006-2007), 11 (2008-2009): US $ 25.00 (p.r.), US $35.00 (i.r.) per volume Volume 3 (1992-1993): US $35.00 (p.r.), US $ 45.00 (i.r.) Correspondence concerning subscription, back issues, publication, etc. should be addressed to the editor: Hisham K. El-Hennawy Postal address: 41, El-Mantega El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt. E-mail: el _hennawy@hotmail.com Webpage: http://serket2008.multiply.com KKK KKK KKK ISSN: 1110-502 ooh 471, Aral oe ayia | i Adini® oi sd iar aeds a Rech egal a “ST sre ee, . a 7 ec oY 9? ( 4 } ne it { 4 fhe ! wv! ndlh jail lee ; es ua LVM an 1 PRT: oi VL ee : » OY 4 iw baci nai wee AW is oe af ln 43, ‘pha © eerste es eo co ee Serket (2010) vol. 12(1): 1-6. Leiurus abdullahbayrami (Scorpiones: Buthidae), a new Species for the scorpion fauna of Syria Nazir Khalil ' and Ersen Aydin Yagmur * ' Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria E-mail: khalil-n@scs-net.org * Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, TR-35100, Izmir, Turkey E-mail: ersen.yagmur@gmail.com (For correspondence) Abstract This study reports second Leiurus species recorded first time for the Syrian scorpion fauna. The scorpion Leiurus abdullahbayrami Yagmur, Ko¢ & Kunt, 2009, was recorded from Al-Hasakah Province and Homs Province. Morphology, ecological conditions and geographical distribution of the species are discussed. Keywords: Leiurus abdullahbayrami, distribution, scorpions, Syria. Introduction Little has been recently published on the scorpion fauna of Syria. Scorpion species of 3 families, Buthidae, Euscorpiidae and Scorpionidae, are represented in Syria under consideration. It is relatively diverse, 11 genera with 21 species being known with certainty. These species are: Androctonus amoreuxi (Audouin, 1825); A. bicolor Ehrenberg, 1828; 4. crassicauda (Olivier, 1807); Birulatus astartiae Stathi & Lourengo, 2003; Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829); B. macrocentrus (Ehrenberg, 1828) (= B. tadmorensis); Compsobuthus carmelitis Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973; C. jordanensis Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973; C. longipalpis Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973; C. matthiesseni (Birula, 1905); C. schmiedeknechti Vachon, 1949; C. werneri (Birula, 1908); Hottentotta judaicus (Simon, 1872); H. saulcyi (Simon, 1880); Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828); Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839); M. nigrocinctus (Ehrenberg, 1828); Orthochirus innesi Simon, 1910 (Buthidae); Nebo hierichonticus (Simon, 1872); Scorpio maurus Linnaeus, 1758 (Scorpionidae); and Euscorpius mingrelicus (Kessler, 1874) (Euscorpiidae) (Kinzelbach, 1985; Khalil, 1997; Kabakibi ef al., 1999; Fet & Lowe, 2000; Stathi & Lourenco, 2003; Kovarik, 2003; Kovarik, 2004; Kaltsas ef al., 2008). Of these, only Birulatus astartiae is endemic for Syria (Stathi & Lourengo, 2003). Since humid habitats are scarce in Syria, Euscorpius mingrelicus record is dubious. Leiurus (Buthidae) in Syria is still poorly known and its geographic range remains rather uncertain. Previously, only Leiurus quinquestriatus (including one subspecies, L. quinquestriatus hebraeus) was known from Syria (Vachon, 1966; Levy & Amitai, 1980; Kabakibi & Khalil, 1997; Kabakibi ef al., 1999; Kaltsas et al., 2008). However, Leiurus abdullahbayrami Yagmur, Ko¢ & Kunt, 2009, is the second species of Leiurus, recorded for the first time, from Syria. Material and Methods Field studies were performed during the period between 30.06.2009 and 30.09.2009 in central and northeastern Syria (Al-Hasakah Province, Homs Province). Three specimens (one male and two females) have been collected under stones in daytime, and fixed in 70% ethanol. The specimens were examined under binocular microscope. Measurements (in mm) were taken with a 0.01 mm accurate Stainless Electronic Digital caliper using the methods described by Stahnke (1970). In addition, 40 specimens of Leiurus were examined that had been collected from southern Syria between 1995-1996 and deposited in the zoology collection of Damascus University. Abbreviations MTAS: Museum of Turkish Arachnology Society, Ankara, Turkey. ZCDU: Zoology Collection of Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. 5 Turkey 7) o #9 O Z (1) Al-Hasakah Damascus 8] 18) KSometers Jordan Fig. 1. Sampling localities of Leiurus abdullahbayrami in Syria and Turkey. [1-8: see Results] Results Material Examined: 1. 192, 1¢. Al-Hasakah Province, eastern Abd Al-Aziz Mountain, 40 km SW Al-Hasakah, 12.07.2009, 36°23'20"N, 40°22'01"E, 674 m a.s.1., N. Khalil leg. (MTAS), 2. 19. Homs Province, Al-Mukharram Region, Al-Sankari Village, 04.07.2009, 34°48'46"N, 37°09'32"E, 655 m as.l., N. Khalil leg. (MTAS). In addition to 40 specimens of Leiurus quinquestriatus from southern Syria are deposited at the ZCDU. Literature Records: 3. Turkey, Gaziantep Province, Sahinbey District, Sarisalkim Village, 37°05'46.5"N, 37°16'51.3"E, 1029 m a.s.l. (Type locality), 4. Turkey, Gaziantep Province, Islahiye District, 36°54'00"N, 36° 44'43"E, 487 m as.l., 5. Turkey, Hatay Province, Reyhanli District, Ogulpinar Village, 36°15'13"N, 36°40'12"E, 316 m a.s.l., 6. Turkey, Kilis Province, Elbeyli District, Camurluhéyiik mound, 36°39'36"N, 37°28'31"E, 525 m as.l., 7. Turkey, Sanliurfa Province, Harran District, Suayipsehir Village, 36°52'36.9"N, 39°22'18.9"E, 506 m a.s.l., 8. Turkey, Sanliurfa Province, Birecik District, Yukari Habib Village, 37°08'49"N, 37°59'S6"E, 670 m a.s.1. (Yagmur ef al., 2009). Description of Leiurus abdullahbayrami: The background colour of prosoma, mesosoma and segment V of metasoma is black, appendages are yellowish. Centrolateral and posteriomedian carinae fused lyre-shaped form. Tergites I and II bear five carinae. Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of the pedipalp is located between trichobothria est and esb. Fixed finger with 11 oblique granule rows. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 4 distal and 11 oblique granule rows. The ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segment V are armed with large and rounded granules. The anal arch comprises 3 rounded lobes laterally and 6 small lobes posteriorly. Sternites [V-VI are smooth. The pedipalp average length/width ratio is 4.54 in the male and 4.49 in the two females. Leg I-IV with short spines on the ventral side of tarsus. Basitarsus of legs I-III] with bristlecombs, basitarsus of legs IV without bristlecombs. Measurements of specimens of L. abdullahbayrami from Al-Sankari Village and Abd Al-Aziz Mountain are given in Table (1). Pectinal tooth counts in male 37-38, in females 30-31 and 34-34. Habitat: This species was found in semi-arid regions on dry calcareous soils, with scattered short vegetation, far from human settlements. It is generally found in steppe and rocky areas (Figs. 2 & 3). The specimens were found in small holes under stones. L. abdullahbayrami was observed to share the same habitat in Al-Hasakah Province with Androctonus crassicauda and in Homs Province with Scorpio maurus. Fig. 2. Leiurus abdullahbayrami habitat (Al-Sankari Village, Homs Province). Table |. Measurements (in mm) of Leiurus abdullahbayrami specimens from Syria. Female from Female from Male from Al-Sankari, Abd Al-Aziz Abd Al-Aziz Homs Mountain Mountain Total — length 64.25 67.70 53.75 -Carapace length 7.17 8.42 6.82 width TAG 8.25 6.69 Mesosoma length 22.99 18.82 13.87 Metasoma length 34.49 41.95 35.37 Segment I length 4.89 5.16 4.49 width 4.17 4.85 3.97 Segment II length 3:07 6.12 3.55) width 3.73 4.39 3.62 Segment III] length 5.81 6.44 5.68 width 3.60 4.23 3.55 Segment IV length 6.21 7.02 6.35 width 3.59 3.94 oe Segment V length 7.50 8.59 7.68 width 3.22 3.87 3.06 Telson length 6.28 9.14 7.83 width 2.94 3.86 3.39 depth DCF 3533 2.54 Vesicule length 4.51 SP 4.48 Sting length 3.20 3:59 3.40 Pedipalp Femur length 5.54 7.20 ITF, width 1.75 219 72 depth 23 1.69 137 Patella length 6.32 TENG 6.46 width 2.43 3.41 2.40 depth 1.90 2532, 2.76 Chela length 10.49 12.78 10.72 width 223 2.95 2.36 depth 1293 2.54 2.04 Movable finger length 6.88 8.40 7.81 Fixed finger length 5.89 7.06 6.55 Manus length 3.70 4.22 4.42 Discussion Leiurus abdullahbayrami was originally described from Turkey (Yagmur ef al., 2009). It was recorded very close to Turkish-Syrian border. Therefore, it is suggested to be present in Syria. Levy & Amitai (1980) recorded L. quinquestriatus 60 km east of Homs and east of Palmyra. These two localities are very close to our Al-Sankari (Homs) record of L. abdullahbayrami. Therefore, it is possible that L. abdullahbayrami from Homs region was misidentified by Levy & Amitai (1980) as L. quinquestriatus. The colouration patterns indicated that three different populations of L. abdullahbayrami occur in Turkey (Yagmur ef al., 2009). The prosomal and mesosomal colouration of our specimens which were collected from Al-Hasakah is grey and fits to colouration pattern of Sanliurfa population of Turkey (Fig. 1, No. 7). Al-Hasakah locality is 130 km far from the easternmost population of Turkey (Sanliurfa Province, Harran District, Suayipsehir Village), so it is not surprising to find this species from Al-Hasakah locality. The colouration of Al-Sankari Village (Homs) specimen is black on prosoma with yellow spots and black on mesosoma. Its colouration pattern fits to Gaziantep and Kilis population of Turkey (Fig. 1, No. 6). Homs locality is 200 km far from the southernmost locality of this population (Kilis Province, Elbeyli District) and some sandy soil begins to occur in south and east parts of Homs Province. On the other hand, Turkish populations of L. abdullahbayrami were not recorded in sandy area. In addition, the average total precipitation there is less than 150 mm annually. However, the species was observed on various altitudes in Syria and Turkey (506-1535 m a.s.].). The Al-Sankari Village (Homs) record extends the distribution of ZL. abdullahbayrami to more southern area, and perhaps this locality is the southern border of distribution. Fig. 3. Leiurus abdullahbayrami habitat (Abd Al-Aziz Mountain, Al-Hasaka Province). Acknowledgments We wish to thank Hisham El-Hennawy (Egypt), Dr. Halil Ko¢ (Sinop University, Turkey) and anonymous reviewers for corrections and suggestions on the manuscript. References Fet, V. & Lowe, G. 2000. Family Buthidae. pp. 54-286. In: Fet, V., Sissom, W.D., Lowe, G. & Braunwalder, M.E. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758-1998). The New York Entomological Society, New York. 690 pp. Kabakibi, M. & Khalil, N. 1997. Study of the distribution of two scorpion: Leiurus quinquestriatus (Buthidae), Scorpio maurus (Scorpionidae) south of Syria. Damascus University Journal, Basic Sciences, 13(1): 113-130. (in Arabic). Kabakibi, M., Khalil, N. & Amr, Z. 1999. Scorpions of southern Syria. Zool. Middle East, 17: 79- 89. Kaltsas, D., Stathi, 1. & Fet, V. 2008. Scorpions of the Eastern Mediterranean. S. E. Makarov & R.N. Dimitrijevic (Eds.) In: Makarov, S.E. & R.N. Dimitrijevic (eds.). Advances in Arachnology and Developmental Biology. Papers dedicated to Professor Bozidar P.M. Curcic. Belgrade- Vienna-Sofia, 209-246. Khalil, N. 1997. Scorpions of southern Syria (taxonomy, distribution and ecology). M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Sciences. Damascus University. 211 pp. (in Arabic). Kinzelbach, R. 1985. Vorderer Orient. Skorpione (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Tiibinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Karte Nr. A VI 14.2. Kovarik, F. 2003. Eight new species of Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 from Africa and Asia (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Serket, 8(3): 87-112. Kovarik, F. 2004. Revision and taxonomic position of genera Afghanorthochirus Lourenco & Vachon, Baloorthochirus Kovarik, Butheolus Simon, Nanobuthus Pocock, Orthochiroides Kovarik, Pakistanorthochirus Lourengo, and Asian Orthochirus Karsch, with descriptions of twelve new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 16: 1-33. Levy, G. & Amitai, P. 1980. Fauna Palaestina. Arachnida 1: Scorpiones. X + 134 pp. Jerusalem; Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Stahnke, H.L. 1970. Scorpion nomenclature and mensuration, Entomological News, 81: 297-316. Stathi, 1. & Lourengo W.R. 2003. Description of a new scorpion species of the genus Birulatus Vachon, 1974 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Syria. Zool. Middle East, 30: 105-110. Vachon, M. 1966. Liste des Scorpions connus en Egypte, Arabie, Israél, Liban, Syrie, Jordanie, Turquie, Irak, Iran. Toxicon, 4(3): 209-218. Yagmur, E.A., Koc, H. & Kunt, K.B. 2009. Description of a new species of Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Southeastern Turkey. Euscorpius. 85: 1-20. Serket (2010) vol. 12(1): 7-12. The first record of genus Argyrodes Simon, 1864 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Turkey Rahsen S. Kaya', Kadir Bogac Kunt*, Yuri M. Marusik* & Ersen Aydin Yagmur* ' Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Beicicc. Uludag University, TR-16059, Niliifer, Bursa, Turkey * Eserkéy Sitesi, 9/A Blok, No 7, TR-06530, Umitkéy, Ankara, Turkey * Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan, 685000 Russia * Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, TR-35100, izmir, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: rkaya@uludag.edu.tr, rahsens@gmail.com Abstract The theridiid spider Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1842) is recorded for the first time from Turkey. This represents a new spider genus and species record for Turkey. The characteristic features and drawings of both sexes are presented in this study. Keywords: Argyrodes argyrodes, Theridiidae, new record, Turkey. Introduction The family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 is one of the most diverse spider families, with 2297 species in 112 genera (Platnick, 2010). Spiders of the subfamily Argyrodinae are well known with their kleptoparasitic behaviour to the web-building spiders. Argyrodinae comprises six genera, Argyrodes Simon 1864, Ariamnes Thorell 1869, Faiditus Keyserling 1884, Neospintharus Exline 1950, Rhomphaea L. Koch 1872, and Spheropistha Yaginuma 1957. The latter five genera have been recently removed from synonymy with Argyrodes (Agnarsson, 2004). Argyrodes Simon, 1864 is represented by 92 species and 5 subspecies and widespread throughout the tropics and warmer regions of the world (Platnick, 2010). Members of the genus are either kleptoparasitic or araneophagic, usually found in webs of larger spiders and they hang in the web upside-down with the front pairs of legs folded (Exline & Levi, 1962; Levi & Levi, 1962). Males of many species of Argyrodes have bizarre projections or other modifications of cephalic region and clypeus. Some bear tubercles on the abdomen, or the abdomen is extended beyond the spinnerets (Exline & Levi, 1962). Only a single species, Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1842), is known in the Mediterranean region (Levy, 1985; Platnick, 2010). So far, 62 species of Theridiidae belonging to 21 genera have been recorded in Turkey, but no member of the Argyrodes has been recorded until now (Bayram ef al., 2010). Recently, only one argyrodine species, Neospintharus syriacus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872), has been recorded from Turkey (Kaya ef al., 2009). This work adds A. argyrodes as a new species and genus record to the theridiid spider fauna of Turkey. Material and Methods The spider specimens were collected from two localities in Turkey (Fig. 1): Locality 1: Izmir [Karaburun District, 1 km North of Parlak Village (38°36'N, 26°23'E, 110 m)]: One female and one male specimens were collected from the webs of Araneus circe (Savigny, 1825) (Araneidae) on 06.06.2009, E.A.Yagmur leg. Locality 2: Antalya [Anamur - Gazipasa road, 30 km to Gazipasa (36°06'N, 32°31'E, 423 m)]: One female was collected from a web of Araneidae on 15.06.2009, R.S. Kaya leg. Fig. 1. The localities from which the specimens were collected: 1. izmir (Karaburun District), 2. Antalya (Anamur — Gazipasa). The identification was made using the descriptions of Exline & Levi (1962: figs. 151-153), Levy (1985: figs. 15-28), Agnarsson (2004: figs. 31 A, B, C) and Agnarsson ef al. (2007: figs. 52-53). The drawings were made by the means of a camera lucida attached to a Zeiss Stemi SR microscope and the measurements were taken by Leica M205 C stereo microscope. Measurements were taken from the dorsal side of the palps and legs. Colouration was described based on alcohol-preserved specimens. The samples were preserved in the collection of the Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey. The taxonomy follows Platnick (2010) and the terminology of male palpus follows Levy (1985), Agnarsson (2004) and Agnarsson ef al. (2007). The abbreviations used in the description are as follows: ALE = anterior lateral eye; AME = anterior median eye; PLE = posterior lateral eye; PME = posterior median eye. Results Family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 Genus Argyrodes Simon, 1864 Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1842) Linyphia argyrodes Walckenaer, 1842, Histoire naturelle des Insectes Aptéres, vol. 2, p. 282, type locality was uncertain and designed as Algeria by Exline & Levi, 1962 (type specimen lost). For more references, see Platnick (2010). Description (Figs. 2-8) Female: General body measurements were given in Table (1). Carapace elongated and flattened. Carapace dark brown, dusky brown along margins and marginal line black. Ocular region high and eyes on a small cephalic projection. Ocular region and thoracic region with black lines. AME and ALE larger than PME and PLE; PLE almost touching. Anterior and posterior rows of eyes strongly recurved. Clypeus brownish and clypeus height about 4.5-5 times of the anterior lateral eye diameter. Chelicerae small, brownish without spots. Labium wider than long; gnathocoxae longer than wide. Labium and endites dark brown. Sternum longer than wide, triangular shaped, dark brown without spots and posterior end blunt. Legs slender, pale yellow with some dark annulations. Legs length formula: I-II-IV-III; first leg 1.6 times longer than second one. For legs and palp measurements see Table (2). Abdomen cone-shaped, higher than long and ending with a single tip. Dorsum of the abdomen grey, mottled white or with silvery patches, four black marks present. The cardiac mark is black and distinct (Figs. 2-3). Venter dusky brown to black with a few silver pigments anterior to the spinnerets. Male: As female, except for the following: Carapace darker, cephalic region higher than in female, male has a slimmer and lower abdomen, legs darker, thinner and longer than in female. The male distinctly differs in the form of carapace, both large clypeal and cephalic projections. Clypeal and cephalic projections dorsally furnished with a brush of short hairs and cephalic projection bears the median eyes. Median eyes on an elevated area and lateral eyes located below their level (Figs. 4-5). Body, leg and palp measurements were given in Tables (1 & 2). Table 1. Body measurements (in mm) of Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1842). L = length, W = width, TBL = total body length. Carapace L_ Carapace W Abdomen L Abdomen W TBL LY 0.9 | tee 1.0 3:09 eee 0.77 —0.9 0.87 — 1.5 0.82 — 2.0 2.07— 2.82 Male Female Figs. 2-3: Female habitus of Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1842). 2. dorsal view. 3. lateral view. Scale line: 0.5 mm. Figs. 4-5: Male carapace of Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1842). 4. dorsal view. 5. lateral view. Scale line: 0.5 mm. Table 2. Legs and pedipalp measurements (in mm) of male and female specimens of Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1842). femur patella metatarsus tarsus Pedipalp 4 : 2.8 0.5 2.45 1.02 = Leg | S| Leg Il vs) 0.4 1.1 137 0.85 Leg Ill 0.95 0.32 052 0.6 0.47 Leg IV 1.6 0.4 0.97 1.05 0.6 0.1-0:37,.., 0.12—017 0.17 -0.2 — 0.32 — 0.35 ZL 2:37....0.4- 047 .1.65—1.97. 1.7 -—1.87,...0.82-—0.95 1.22—1.42 037-04 0.85-0.97 1.02-— 1.1 0.65-0.67 0.77-1.0 0.27-0.3 0.37-0.42 0.57-0.62 0.32-0.47 12-14 035-04 0.6—0.65 0.9=0.95 -/0.52,=0.55 Pedipalp Leg | Leg Il Leg Ill Female xX bees Figs. 6-8: Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1842). 6. Male left palpus, ventral view. 7. Female epigyne, ventral view. 8. Female vulvae, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = conductor, E = embolus, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum, T = tegulum, TTA = theridiid tegular apophysis. Scale lines: 0.1 mm. Male palp (Fig. 6): Cymbium blackish brown, rather ovoid, femur slender and two times longer than patella, patella swollen, median apophysis large and long, conductor C- shaped, embolus large and with three branches, one longer, the second short and pointed, the third one is tight folding and intertwined with conductor, theridiid tegular apophysis long and elongated with a dark line basally and triangular shaped apically. Epigynum and vulvae (Figs. 7-8): Epigynum has a sclerotized broad dark plate with two spherical spermathecae. Vulvae consist of two brown coloured spermathecae, each sperma- theca is narrower posteriorly. Ducts are parallel and located between the spermathecae. Comment: Adult male and females of A. argyrodes were collected in June. Habitat and Distribution Argyrodes is often found in the webs of other spiders, especially in webs of Nephila, Gasteracantha, Argiope, sometimes Latrodectus and others. Walckenaer (1842) collected A. argyrodes while the spider was hanging down from oak tree: “prise le 4 Septembre, tombée d'un chéne secoue dans les bois de chénes du comté de Burke”. O.P.- Cambridge (1872) collected A. argyrodes on webs of Cyrtophora (Araneidae). We collected our two samples from Izmir locality on the web of Araneus circe (Savigny, 1825). The other female was collected from web of Araneidae, from Antalya locality, while A. argyrodes was hanging in the web upside-down with the front pairs of legs folded. A. argyrodes is distributed in Mediterranean countries, Canary Islands, West Africa, Seychelles Islands (Levy, 1985; Platnick, 2010). The Turkish specimens represent the north easternmost record of its known zoogeographical range. Therefore, the recording of this species from Turkey widens its distribution in the Mediterranean region. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Gdkay Kaynak (Uludag University, Department of Physics) for allowing them to use Leica M205 C Stereo Microscope (Research Foundation of Uludag University Project No: F-2005/4). References Agnarsson, |. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 141: 447-626. Agnarsson, I., Coddington, J.A. & Knoflach, B. 2007. Morphology and evolution of cobweb spider male genitalia (Araneae, Theridiidae). J. Arachnol., 35: 334-395. Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danisman, T. 2010. The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey. Version 10.1.0. Online at http://www.spidersofturkey.com Cambridge, O. P.-. 1872. General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1871: 212-354. Exline, H. & Levi, H.W. 1962. American spiders of the genus Argyrodes (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bul/. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 127: 75-204. Kaya, R.S., Yagmur, E.A. & Kunt, K.B. 2009. The first record of genus Neospintharus Exline, 1950 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Turkey. Serket, 11(3/4): 87-92. Levi, H.W. & Levi, L.R. 1962. The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 127: 1-71. Levy, G. 1985. Spiders of the genera Episinus, Argyrodes and Coscinida from Israel, with additional notes on Theridion (Araneae: Theridiidae). J. Zool., Lond., (A), 207: 87-123. Platnick, N.I. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.htm| Walckenaer, C.A. 1842. Histoire naturelle des Insects Apteéres. Paris, 2: 1-549. 12 Serket (2010) vol. 12(1): 13-16. New records of ground spiders from Turkey (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) Osman Seyyar | and Hakan Demir” ' Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Nigde University, TR-38039 Nigde, Turkey * Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: osmanseyyar@hotmail.com, ozyptila@gmail.com Abstract Three ground spider species are recorded for the first time from Turkey: Leptodrassus albidus Simon, 1914, Nomisia excerpta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) and Zelotes scrutatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872). Diagnostic descriptions and photos of general habitus and male palpal organ of Leptodrassus albidus are provided. It is the first record of genus Leptodrassus from Turkey. Keywords: Gnaphosidae, Araneae, new records, Turkey. Introduction The spider fauna of Turkey, despite of its outstanding zoogeographical situation, is rather poorly studied compared to other regions of the world. However, Gnaphosidae is the most studied spider family in Turkey but it is still not adequately studied. Gnaphosidae is one of the big spider families, which contains worldwide 2075 species from 112 genera (Platnick, 2010). In Turkey, 120 species of 29 genera have so far recorded (Seyyar et al., 2008, 2009; Kovblyuk et al., 2009; Panayiotou ef al., 2010). Here, we record genus Leptodrassus Simon, 1878 and three gnaphosid species for the first time from Turkey. Material and Methods In this study, the specimens were obtained by manual collection and from under stones in west and north of Turkey. The specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol. Examined specimens were deposited in the Arachnology Museum of Nigde University (NUAM). The identification and photos were made by means of a SZ61 Olympus stereomicroscope. Abbreviations used: ALE = anterior lateral eye; AME = anterior median eye; C = conductor; E = embolus; OL = opisthosoma length; OW = opisthosoma width; PL = prosoma length; PME = posterior median eye; PW = prosoma width; r = retrolateral process of tegulum; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TL = total length; v = ventral process of tegulum; VA = ventral apophysis. All measurements are in millimetres. RTA Fig. 1. Leptodrassus albidus Simon, 1914: Male palp, A. ventral view, B. prolateral view, C. retrolateral view; D. Male habitus. 14 Results The general characteristics of Turkish specimens of both Nomisia excerpta (O. P.- Cambridge, 1872) and Zelotes scrutatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) are similar to other Mediterranean congeneric species (Chatzaki ef al., 2002). The Leptodrassus albidus Simon, 1914 specimens are similar to Greek specimens description and drawings (Chatzaki et al. , 2002). Leptodrassus albidus Simon, 1914 Material: Turkey, Denizli Province, Civril district, surrounding of Isikl lake, (38°16'077"N, 29°55'498"E), 827 m, 2¢¢, 18.1X.2008, Leg. M. Cemal Darilmaz. Giimtishane Province, Siran District, 14, 18.V1.2008, Leg. Kemal Kurt. The spiders were found under stones. Description: Measurements, TL: 4.5-4.7; PL: 2.0-2.1; PW: 1.35-1.36; OL: 2.5-2.7; OW: 1.45-1.47. Carapace slightly narrowed in front; pale yellow and its ocular area darker; cephalic area slightly elevated. Thoracic groove indistinct in the middle. Anterior row of eyes nearly straight, posterior row slightly recurved in dorsal view; AME relatively large and touching ALE, lateral eyes smallest, circular and touching each other; PME oval and bigger than lateral eyes, separated by more than one diameter. Chelicerae, labium and endites nearly of the same colour of the carapace. Chelicerae with small fangs, with two big retromarginal teeth. Labium triangular in shape. Endites rectangular. Sternum heart- shaped, same colour as carapace, bordered by thin brown strip. Abdomen yellow to brown and without dorsal scutum. Legs yellowish. Palp with 3 ventral spines. Retrolateral tibial apophysis dark and blade-like process. Ventral tibial apophysis light and small. Tegulum with two processes. Conductor small and transparent. Embolus long, curved and disappears at apex. Median apophysis absent (Fig. 1). Comment: Adult males of this species were collected in September. This species is rare in Turkey, because we did not find it before during our trips in different parts of Turkey. L. albidus occurs in Mediterranean countries: Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Greece and Israel. Recording of this species from Turkey widens its distribution. Adult females have not yet been collected from Turkey. World distribution: Spain to Crete, Azores and Israel (Platnick, 2010; Levy, 2009). Nomisia excerpta (O. P-Cambridge, 1872) Material: Turkey, Afyon Province, Cay district, Cayiryazi village, (38°22'468"N, 30°44'550"E), 1112 m, 14, 399, 27.VI.2007, Leg. M. Cemal Darilmaz. The spiders were found under stones. Description and drawings: see Chatzaki et al. (2002); Levy (1995). World distribution: Canary Islands, Tunisia, Crete, Israel (Platnick, 2010). Zelotes scrutatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Material: Turkey, Denizli Province, Honaz district Yukari dagdere village (37°46'621"N, 29°21'901"E), 959 m, 204, 329, 07.V.2008, Leg. M. Cemal Darilmaz. The spiders were found under stones. Description and drawings: see Chatzaki et al. (2003); Levy (1998). World distribution: Africa to Central Asia (Platnick, 2010). References Chatzaki, M., K. Thaler & M. Mylonas 2002. Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae; Araneae) of Crete (Greece). Taxonomy and distribution. I. Revue suisse de Zoloogie, 109: 559-601. Chatzaki, M., K. Thaler & M. Mylonas 2003 Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae; Araneae) from Crete and adjacent areas of Greece. Taxonomy and distribution. III. Ze/otes and allied genera. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 110: 45-89. Kovblyuk, M.M., Seyyar, O., Demir, H. & Topgu, A. 2009. New taxonomic and faunistic data on the gnaphosid spiders of Turkey (Aranei: Gnaphosidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 18(3-4): 169-187. Levy, G. 1995. Revision of the spider subfamily Gnaphosinae in Israel (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Journal of Natural History, 29: 919-981. Levy, G. 1998. The ground-spider genera Setaphis, Trachyzelotes, Zelotes, and Drassyllus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Israel. /srael Journal of Zoology, 44: 93-158. Levy, G. 2009. New ground-spider genera and species with annexed checklist of the Gnaphosidae (Araneae) of Israel. Zootaxa, 2066: 1-49. Panayiotou E., Kaltsas D., Seyyar, O. & Chatzaki M. 2010. Revision of the genus Berinda (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in the East Mediterranean with the description of two new species, Zootaxa, 2362: 44-54. Platnick, N.I. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Seyyar, O., Ayyildiz, N. & Topgu, A. 2008. Updated checklist of ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) of Turkey, with zoogeographical and faunistic remarks. Entomological News, 119 (5): 509-520. Seyyar, O., Ayyildiz, N. & Topgu, A., 2009. Description of a new species of the genus Nomisia Dalmas, 1921 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Turkey with some faunistical remarks. Zootaxa, 2006: 62-68. 16 Serket (2010) vol. 12(1): 17-22. Additional notes on crab spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae and Philodromidae) Hakan Demir ', Metin Aktas ' and Aydin Topgu 7 ' Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey * Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ni&de University, TR-51200 Nigde, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: ozyptila@gmail.com Abstract The spider species Xysticus cor Canestrini, 1873 and Philodromus pulchellus Lucas, 1846 of families Thomisidae and Philodromidae are recorded from Turkey for the first time. Photographs of genitalia and general habitus of these species are presented. Keywords: Thomisidae, Philodromidae, Araneae, new records, Turkey. Introduction The Thomisidae, commonly called "crab spiders", is a big spider family comprising 173 genera and 2101 species worldwide (Platnick, 2010), of which 78 species of 12 genera are known from Turkey (Demir, 2008b; Demir ef al., 2008a, b, 2009a, b; Bayram et al., 2008). The great diversity of form and colour shown by the Thomisidae relates to their exploitation of a wide variety of habitats and their often remarkable capacity for camouflage, sometimes even to the extent of slowly changing colour. The majority of species are rather crab-like in appearance, have the first two pairs of legs longer than the rest, and can walk sideways, as well as forwards and backwards (Roberts, 1995). Philodromidae or “running crab spiders” is a family of laterigrade, i.e. sideways walking, spiders with essentially equal length of all legs. Philodromids have been regarded as a subfamily of Thomisidae by early authors, but since the detailed study of Homann (1975) their family status is generally accepted (see Platnick, 2010). They are swift runners and actively climb about plants, possibly helped by their legs scopulae and claw tufts. For the most part, they live on vegetation and are often collected by sweeping, the foliage in fields and meadows (Levy, 1977). Worldwide, 533 species of Philodromidae have been described in 29 genera (Platnick, 2010), with only 29 species belonging to 3 genera recorded from Turkey (Demir, 2008a; Demir ef al., 2010). In this study, we present two new records for the Turkish araneofauna. Material and Methods In this study, the specimens were collected from eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol. The identification was made by means of a SZX61 Olympus stereomicroscope. Examined specimens were deposited in the GUZM (Zoology Museum of Gazi University) and NUAM (Arachnology Museum of Nigde University). Figs. 1-5: Xysticus cor Canestrini, 1873. 1-2. General habitus. 1. Male. 2. Female. 3-4. Left male palp. 3. Ventral view. 4. Retrolateral view. 5. Epigyne (ventral view). Scales: 1-2: 2 mm, 3-5: 0.5 mm. Results Xysticus cor Canestrini, 1873 (Figs. 1-5) Material examined: TURKEY: Adana province, 12° (NUAM), Aladag, Meydan Plateau 1, 37°31'N, 35°23'E, 925m, 19.06.2007, 12 (NUAM), Darilik village, 37°35'N, 35°27, 950m, 19.06.2008, 12 (NUAM), Biiyiiksofulu village, 37°33'N, 35°09'E, 937m, 19.06.2008, 14 222 (GUZM), Egner village, 37°25'N, 35°26'E, 242m, 29.04.2009; 1d 12 (NUAM), Tufanbeyli, Bozgiiney village, 38°15'N, 36°20'E, 1584m, 12.05.2008, 1¢ 12 (NUAM), Igdebel village, 38°16'N, 36°22'E, 1621m, 12.05.2008, 192 (NUAM), Kayircik village, 38°09'N, 36°17'E, 1325m, 12.05.2008, 1¢ 19 (NUAM), Cakirlar village, 38°19'N, 36°17'E, 1556m, 12.05.2008; 1¢ 12 (NUAM), Saimbeyli, Obruk 18 selalesi, 37°59"N, 36°05'E, 1005m, 12.05.2008, 1g 12 (NUAM), Yardibi village, 37°51'N, 36°07'E, 738m, 12.06.2008; 203 39 2 (NUAM), Feke, K6leli village, 37°52'N, 35°48'E, 1269m, 30.04.2009, 29 9 (NUAM), Ciiriikler village, 37°52'N, 35°57'E, 1522m, 30.04.2009; 32 (GUZM), Kozan, Culluusagi village, 37°40'N, 35°55'E, 716m, 19.05.2009, 14 12 (GUZM), Gedikli village, 37°30'N, 35°52'E, 399m, 19.05.2009, 1 12 (GUZM), Karahamzali village, 37°30'N, 35°52'E, 399m, 19.05.2009; Hatay province, 16 (NUAM), Belen, Miiftiiler village, 36°29'N, 36°08'E, 662m, 25.03.2008, 1¢ (NUAM), Kici village, 36°28'N, 36°16'E, 628m, 14.05.2008; 15° (NUAM), Dértyol, Karakese 1, 36°49'N, 36°17'E, 875m, 24.04.2008, 1d (NUAM), Karakese 2, 36°48'N, 36°17'E, 735m, 24.04.2008; 12 (NUAM), Belen-Antakya 1, 36°16'N, 36°11'E, 101m, 14.05.2008; 12 CNUAM), Belen-Antakya 2, 36°21'N, 36°11'E, 206m, 14.05.2008; Icel province, 13 322 (NUAM), Silifke, Kocaoluk village, 36°40'N, 33°54'E, 1402m, 21.04.2007, 14 (NUAM), Silifke castle, 36°22'N, 33°5S'E, 133m, 21.04.2008, 1d (NUAM), OrtaGren village, 36°27'N, 33°43'E, 652m, 21.04.2008; 19 (NUAM), Anamur, Giingéren village, 36°12'N, 32°38'E, 780m, 17.04.2008, 1¢ 12 (NUAM), Camlipinar village, 36°11'N, 32°41'E, 989m, 17.04.2008, 755 222 (NUAM), Halkali village, 36°23'N, 32°56'E, 1364m, 22.04.2008, 22 9 (NUAM), Evciler village, 36°11'N, 32°55'E, 556m, 22.04.2008, 15 (GUZM), Mut, 36°38'N, 33°26'E, 436m, 29.04.2009, 1d 299 (NUAM), Kavak6zii village, 36°53'N, 33°23'E, 1560m, 18.04.2008, 2292 (NUAM), Cémelek village, 36°43'N, 33°44'E, 1300m, 18.04.2008, 16 12 (NUAM), Sertavul 1, 36°48'N, 33°19'E, 1255m, 19.04.2008, 14° 299 (NUAM), Sertavul 2, 36°51'N, 33°17'E, 1498m, 19.04.2008, 1d (GUZM), Zeyne village, 36°26'N, 33°31'E, 415m, 29.04.2009, 16 (GUZM), Bozdogan village, 36°41'N, 33°13'E, 676m, 29.04.2009, 1d 299 (GUZM), Kurtsuyu village, 36°30'N, 33°32'E, 105m, 29.04.2009, 14 12 (GUZM), Géksu village, 36°33'N, 33°26'E, 123m, 29.04.2009; 14° (NUAM), Tarsus, Giilek, 37°12'N, 34°48'E, 815m, 20.04.2008, 2¢d¢' (NUAM), Kandil sirti, 37°17'N, 34°44'E, 1340m, 20.04.2008, 12 (GUZM), Kaburgedigi village, 37°08'N, 34°48'E, 711m, 20.04.2008; 2292 (NUAM), Erdemli, Ciftepinar village, 36°43'N, 34°20'E, 325m, 21.04.2008, 12 (NUAM), Karayakup village, 36°44'N, 34°24'E, 190m, 21.04.2008, 19 (NUAM), Karakiz géleti, 36°51'N, 34°13'E, 1605m, 21.04.2008, 1d’ (NUAM), Erdemli 3, 36°42'N, 34°OS'E, 1298m, 21.04.2008, 12 (NUAM), Toémiik 1, 36°47'N, 34°20'E, 793m, 21.04.2008, 12 (NUAM), Erdemli 2, 36°40'N, 34°08'E, 886m, 21.04.2008; 14 (NUAM), Giilnar, Balandiz, 36°22'N, 33°46'E, 712m, 21.04.2008, 15 12 (NUAM), Késecobanli village, 36°25'N, 33°09'E, 1319m, 22.04.2008, 12 (NUAM), Goksu village, 36°45'N, 33°10'E, 596m, 22.04.2008; 229 (NUAM), Degnek village, 37°02'N, 34°23'E, 1215m, 20.04.2008; 12 (NUAM), Arslankéy, 36°59'N, 34°16'E, 1390m, 20.04.2008; 222 (NUAM), Findikpmari village, 36°54'N, 34°23'E, 1215m, 20.04.2008; 229 (NUAM), Dogangay village, 36°51'N, 34°26'E, 742m, 20.04.2008; Kahramanmaras province, 229 (NUAM), Géksun, Gélpimar village, 37°58'N, 36°30'E, 1544m, 20.05.2007, 19 (NUAM), Mehmetbey village, 38°05'N, 36°27'E, 1544m, 20.05.2007; 12 (NUAM), Andirin-Geben, 37°37'N, 36°24'E, 1281m, 15.05.2008; 12 (NUAM), Andinn-Torun 1, 37°33'N, 36°20'E, 894m, 15.05.2008; 12 (NUAM), Andirin-Torun 2, 37°31'N, 36°22'E, 610m, 15.05.2008; 12 (NUAM), Andirin, Sarimollali village, 37°35'N, 36°35'E, 1184m, 21.05.2009; 14 (GUZM), Andirin-Geben 3, 37°42'N, 36°30'E, 1267m, 21.05.2009; Osmaniye province, 42 2 (NUAM), Yarpuz valley, Bogaz plateau, 37°05'N, 36°20'E, 587m, 23.05.2007, 429 (NUAM), 24.04.2008; 363 629 (NUAM), Yarpuz village, 37°03'N, 36°25'E, 903m, 01.05.2007, 1d (NUAM), 27.03.2008; 13 (NUAM), Zorkun-Erzin, 36°58'N, 36°18'E, 1264m, 01.05.2007; 12 (NUAM), Bahge, Yaylahi village, 37°17'N, 36°37'E, 382m, 22.05.2007; 1¢ 12 (NUAM), Zorkun, Olukbas1 plateau, 36°58'N, 36°19'E, 1520m, 23.05.2007, 12 (NUAM), 18.06.2008, 12 (NUAM), 19 Karinca plateau, 36°58'N, 36°19'E, 1520m, 27.06.2007, 229 (NUAM), Armutdiizii plateau, 37°01'N, 36°16'E, 805m, 18.06.2008; 229° (NUAM), Zorkun-Erzin, 36°58'N, 36°18'E, 1264m, 18.06.2008. World Distribution: Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Hungary, Azores (Ono & Martens, 2005; Platnick, 2010). Figs. 6-10: Philodromus pulchellus Lucas, 1846. 6-7. General habitus. 6. Male. 7. Female. 8-9. Left male palp. 8. Ventral view. 9. Retrolateral view. 10. Spermathecae (dorsal view). Scales: 1-2: 2 mm, 3-5: 0.5 mm. Philodromus pulchellus Lucas, 1846 (Figs. 6-10) Material examined: TURKEY: Adana province, 14 (NUAM), Pozanti, Belemedik 1, 37°21'N, 34°55'E, 798m, 19.06.2007, 14 (NUAM), Belemedik 2, 37°19'N, 34°58'E, 571m, 19.06.2007; Hatay province, 12 (NUAM), Erzin, Isos harabeleri, 36°58'N, 36°07'E, 47m, 04.05.2007; 12 (NUAM), Samanda®gi, Coriikcii village, 36°04'N, 36°00'E, 129m, 27.06.2007, 16 12 (NUAM), Fidanli village, 36°09'N, 36°01'E, 146m, 27.06.2007; 146 (NUAM), Yayladagi, Yesiltepe village, 35°59'N, 36°02'E, 741m, 27.06.2007, 1¢ (NUAM), Giizelyurt village, 35°55'N, 36°03'E, 507m, 27.06.2007, 722 (NUAM), Hisarcik village, 35°57'N, 36°06'E, 910m, 27.06.2007; 1¢ (NUAM), Dortyol, Karakese 1, 36°49'N, 36°17'E, 875m, 24.04.2008, 246 (NUAM), Karakese 2, 36°48'N, 20 36°17'E, 735m, 24.04.2008; 1¢ (NUAM), Belen, Kici village, 36°28'N, 36°16'E, 628m, 14.05.2008; 12 (NUAM), Belen-Antakya 2, 36°21'N, 36°11'E, 206m, 14.05.2008; I¢el province, 16 (NUAM), Mut, 36°38'N, 33°26'E, 436m, 21.04.2008, 229 (NUAM), Dagpazari village, 36°48'N, 33°25'E, 1442m, 18.04.2008, 1d 12 (NUAM), Demirkap village, 36°54'N, 33°28’E, 1450m, 18.04.2008, 1d 222 (NUAM), Civi village, 36°49'N, 33°32'E, 1390m, 18.04.2008, 12 (NUAM), Bozdogan village, 36°41'N, 33°13'E, 676m, 21.04.2008, 1¢ 222 (NUAM), Kurtsuyu village, 36°30'N, 33°32'E, 105m, 21.04.2008, 1¢ 222 (NUAM), Alahan, 36°46'N, 33°21'E, 911m, 19.04.2008, 12 (NUAM), Sertavul 2, 36°51'N, 33°17'E, 1498m, 19.04.2008, 229 (NUAM), Sertavul 3, 36°54'N, 33°16'E, 1550m, 19.04.2008; 229 (NUAM), Degirmendere village, 34°31'E, 37°02'N, 1286m, 20.04.2008; 22 2 (NUAM), Degnek village, 37°02'N, 34°23'E, 1215m, 20.04.2008; 19° (NUAM), Arslankéy, 36°59'N, 34°16'E, 1390m, 20.04.2008; 14 229 (NUAM), Giilnar, Goksu village, 36°45'N, 33°10'E, 596m, 21.04.2008, 3¢¢ (NUAM), Cukurkonak village, 36°23'N, 33°19'E, 1082m, 22.04.2008, 22 9 (NUAM), Kayrak village, 36°20'N, 33°31'E, 1213m, 22.04.2008; 12 (NUAM), Tarsus, Berdan baraji, 36°57'N, 34°S0'E, 132m, 29.04.2008, 12 (NUAM), Belen village, 37°02'N, 34°41'E, 565m, 29.04.2008, 1¢ (GUZM), Giilek 2, 37°19'N, 34°46'E, 1436m, 02.07.2009, 12 (GUZM), Giilek 3, 37°13'N, 34°45'E, 1028m, 02.07.2009, 12 (GUZM), Kurtcgukuru village, 37°09'N, 34°45'E, 526m, 02.07.2009, 12 (GUZM), Kaburgedigi village, 37°08'N, 34°48'E, 711m, 02.07.2009, 12 (GUZM), Camalan, 37°11'N, 34°48'E, 778m, 02.07.2009; Kahramanmaras province, 146 (NUAM), Karacasu village, 37°29'N, 36°01'E, 637m, 21.05.2007; 322 (NUAM), Tiirkoglu, Kuizilenis village, 37°20'N, 36°46'E, 655m, 22.05.2007, 344 322 (GUZM), Imali village, 37°20'N, 36°43'E, 1104m, 22.05.2009; Osmaniye province, 533 729 (NUAM), Bahge, Nohut village, 37°11'N, 36°31'E, 700m, 17.06.2008, 12 (NUAM), Asagi Aricakh village, 37°11'N, 36°36'E, 375m, 17.06.2008, 13¢¢ 622 (NUAM), 22.05.2007, 146 (GUZM), 20.05.2009; 1¢ 19 (NUAM), Zorkun 1, 37°01'N, 36°17'E, 765m, 23.05.2007; 2¢¢ (NUAM), Yarpuz 1, 37°02'N, 36°26'E, 1132m, 23.05.2007; 1¢ 10292 (NUAM), Hieropolis Castle, 37°10'N, 36°11'E, 100m, 24.05.2007, 229 (NUAM), 26.06.2007, 429 (NUAM), 18.06.2008, 246d 422 (GUZM), 20.05.2009, 5¢¢ 2599 (NUAM), 13.05.2008, 229 (GUZM), 01.07.2009; 14 (NUAM), Zorkun, Karinca yaylasi, 36°58'N, 36°19'E, 1520m, 18.06.2008; 10¢¢ 1129 (GUZM), Yarpuz valley, 37°05'N, 36°20'E, 600m, 20.05.2009. World Distribution: Mediterranean: Algeria, France, Spain, Israel, Italy, Cyprus, Lebanon, Portugal, Tunusia, Grecee (Levy, 1977; Platnick, 2010). Acknowledgments We are very grateful to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No. 1061133) and Gazi University Scientific Research Project Unit (Project No. 05/2009-13) for financial support of this work. References Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B., Ozgen, I., Bolu, H., Karol, S. & Danisman, T. 2008. A crab spider Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802) (Araneae; Thomisidae) new for Turkish araneofauna. 7urkish Journal of Arachnology, \(2): 141-144. Demir, H. 2008a. An updated checklist of the Philodromidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks. Serket, 11(1): 7-12. Demir, H. 2008b. An updated checklist of the Thomisidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks. Serket, 11(2): 37-50. 21 Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Seyyar. O. 2008a. The female of Xysticus pseudorectilineus (Wunderlich, 1995) (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Turkey. Zootaxa, 1674: 65-68. Demir, H., Seyyar, O. & Aktas, M. 2008b. A poorly known species of the spider genus Xysticus C. L. Koch (Aaraneae, Thomisidae) in Turkey. Archives of Biological Sciences, 60(4): 17-18. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topgu, A. 2009a. New records of little-known species of Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835 in Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 46: 99-102. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topcu, A. 2009b. A new species of the genus Synema Simon, 1864 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Turkey. Biologia, 64(4): 742-744. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topgu, A. 2010. On the occurrence of some running crab spiders (Araneae: Philodromidae) in Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 62(1): 103-106. Homann, H. 1975. Die Stellung der Thomisidae und der Philodromidae im System der Araneae (Chelicerata, Arachnida). Z. Morph. Tiere, 80: 181-202. Levy, G. 1977. The philodromid spiders of Israel (Araneae: Philodromidae). /srael Journal of Zoology, 26: 193-229. Ono, H. & J. Martens. 2005. Crab spiders of the families Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Iran. Acta Arachnologica, 53(2): 109-124. Platnick, N.I. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Roberts, M.J. 1995. Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe. Harper-Collins, London, 383 pp. jap) Serket (2010) vol. 12(1): 23-31. Hersiliidae of Sudan (Araneida: Hersiliidae) Hisham K. El-Hennawy 41, El-Manteqa El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el_ hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract Two species of two genera of family Hersiliidae are recorded from Sudan, i.e., Hersilia caudata Savigny, 1825 and Hersiliola eltigani sp.n. It is the first record of genus Hersiliola in Sudan. A distribution map of the two species in Sudan is presented. Keywords: Hersilia caudata, Hersiliola eltigani, Hersiliidae, Spiders, Sudan. Introduction Family Hersiliidae Thorell, 1870 is one of the twenty families of spiders recorded from Sudan. It includes 168 species, of 15 genera, among 41253 spider species all over the world (Platnick, 2010; Marusik, ef a/., 2010) (Table 1). Only one hersiliid species is already recorded from Sudan, i.e. Hersilia caudata Savigny, 1825. Benoit (1967) recorded Hersilia caudata and described a new species from Sudan (Hersilia hirtiventris = H. caudata). Foord (2005) discussed the systematics and distribution of the Hersiliidae of the Afrotropical region (Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006). H. caudata is recorded from three localities in Sudan (Foord, 2005). On 6 August 2008, one juvenile Hersilia spider was found among plants in the campus of Shendi University, 16°40’39.7”N, 33°25°17.9”E, Alt. 367m. Four Hersiliola specimens, 19, 2s, 1j, were collected from Sudan. They were found under stones at Kordufan Mountain’s versant, 13°04’25.9"N, 30°20751.3”E, Alt. 606m, on 30 July 2008. One subadult male was kept alive and reared to moult on 17-18 August 2008 to be adult. It was preserved on 19 August 2008. In this region, I saw a hare, a pair of birds among Acacia trees, plenty of butterflies, and a limbless lizard (Malaga is its vernacular name there). There were several kinds of insects, i.e., wasps, beetles, lepidopteran larvae, hemipteran and neuropteran nymphs, in addition to chilopods, Compsobuthus scorpions, Biton and Galeodes sun-spiders (solpugids), and spiders of nine families. The distribution of the two hersiliid species of Sudan is plotted on a map. Abbreviations used: C = cephalothorax; Er = tip of embolus; L = length; Te = tegular apophysis; TL = total length; W = width. All measurements are in millimetres. Table 1. Genera of Hersiliidae, their geographic range and number of described species. America Iviraiva [2] Tama [1] Prima [1] Deltshevia [2] Tamopsis [50] Yabisi [2] Ypypuera [3] Tyrotama [8] | Duninia [2] Ovtsharenkoia [1] Promurricia [1] Hersilia [72] [] = number of species Systematics Family Hersiliidae Thorell, 1870 “Long-spinnered spiders” Diagnosis: Small to medium sized (5-10 mm) araneomorph spiders; ecribellate; entelegyne; legs with three tarsal claws; carapace ovoid, flattened, with eight eyes on a large tubercle; posterior spinnerets long and slender with apical segment strongly tapering (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006). Distribution: In the tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Lifestyle: Hersiliids have diverse lifestyles, ranging from wandering tree-trunk-dwellers [e.g. Hersilia] to ground-dwelling web-builders [e.g. Hersiliola]. The hunters run around their prey while producing a band of silk to enswathe them. The webs on the ground are very peculiar curtains hanging under rocks and enclosing pebbles (Jocqué & Dippenaar- Schoeman, 2006). Key to the genera of Hersiliidae recorded from Sudan (Adopted from Foord, 2005) 1. Metatarsi biarticulate in legs I, II, and IV; leg I longest; leg III about 0.3 times leg I. Chelicerae armed; posterior lateral spinnerets > carapace width; thoracic region of carapace dorso-ventrallly Matteneda,. 25:2... sacce eek > aude-Ma- cred eee Hersilia -. Metatarsi uniarticulate; leg IV (or IJ) longest; leg III > 0.5 times leg I. Chelicerae unarmed; posterior lateral spinnerets < carapace width; thoracic region of carapace SIOPING. . o.s.0+se.0 se sitinees MERE Sa sies alongs onesie thw oh ap ae ae eee eee Hersiliola Genus Hersilia Savigny, 1825 There are 72 species of genus Hersilia recorded from Africa, Yemen, Socotra, Asia, and Australia (Platnick, 2010); 28 species of them are African. Savigny described genus Hersilia and Hersilia caudata from Egypt in a work accomplished by Audouin (1825) [El-Hennawy, 2000]. Hersilia caudata is recorded from Cape Verde Island, West Africa to China (Platnick, 2010). 24 Hersilia caudata Savigny, 1825 Figs. 1-4. H. c. Audouin, 1825: 115, pl. 1, f. 8 (Q). H. c. Audouin, 1827: 318, pl. 1, f. 8 (Q). H. c. O. P.-Cambridge, 1876: 560-562, pl. 58, f. 6 (j). H. diversa O. P.-Cambridge, 1876: 561 (j). H. hirtiventris Benoit, 1967: 23, f. 6-7 (Q). H. c. Benoit, 1967: 34, f. 37, 40, 44 (¢@). H. c. Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2004: 336-340, f. 1-3, 7-15 (¢Q). H. c. Foord, 2005: 81-84, f. 9, 26b, 33 (¢). H. c. Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006: 59, f. 132-138, 200 (¢Q). World Distribution: Middle East (Egypt, Palestine-Israel), Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde Islands, Cameroon, Chad, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Togo), Asia (Yemen, Socotra, China?), and Australia. Distribution in Sudan (Fig. 4): - Kawa (13°43’N, 32°30’E), 200 km south of Khartoum, 1 9, 2.xii.1961, J.L. Cloudsley- Thompson, MRAC 120872 [MRAC = Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium] - Reuk (10°45’N, 32°50’E), 19, 4.xii.1961, J.L. Cloudsley-Thompson, MRAC 120833 - Bahr-el-Ghazal, Rumbek (6°47’N, 29°40’E), 1 juv. male, 11.i111.1964, G. Lewis, MRAC 126486 - Shendi (16°40739.7°N, 33°25°17.9"E, Alt. 367m), 1 juv., 6.vili.2008, among plants in the campus of Shendi University. Description. [Redescribed in detail by Foord (2005)] O. P.-Cambridge (1876: 561-562) described Hersilia caudata and proposed a new name to his immature specimens of Cairo. He said: “The following description of the examples I met with may perhaps call the attention of araneologists to the differences noted; and possibly the true H. caudata may eventually prove to be a distinct species, in which case I would propose for that now described the name Hersilia diversa. The length of the largest immature female captured is rather over 3% lines [= 7.4 mm]. The colour of the cephalothorax is a deep blackish brown, rather the palest along the middle line, on the hinder slope, and a little above the lateral margins; the upper part of the caput is black, with a short brightish orange-yellow longitudinal streak on the hinder part between the eyes of the hind central pair. The clypeus (which equals in height two thirds of that of the facial space) is orange-yellow above and dull yellow on its lower part, the middle of which has a short longitudinal white streak with a blackish patch on each side of it. This arrangement of colours gives a very distinct and diversified appearance to the "facies," and appears to be pretty well defined in all the examples met with (vide fig. 6 5). The /egs are of a dull yellowish hue, marked and broadly annulated with yellow and blackish-brown; these markings form a broken longitudinal line of deepish black- brown on the fore sides of the femoral joints. The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, and marked with black-brown on their upper or fore sides. The abdomen is of a dull yellowish brown above, thickly punctuated with pale yellowish points mixed with a few blackish spots here and there, chiefly near the cephalothorax, the lateral margins of the upperside of the abdomen are very distinctly defined by the inner edge of the black markings on the sides; this well-defined edge is denticulate or strongly crenellated; along the middle line of the fore half is a strong and very distinct black longitudinal marking, denticulate or irregularly jagged on its edges; Za this marking is broadest near its middle, and comes to a blunt point about two thirds of the distance from the cephalothorax to the spinners, and is followed by some broken angular bars, or chevrons, which decrease in length towards the hinder extremity of the abdomen, in addition to the above markings, there are four pale transverse wavy lines, which cross the whole of the upperside of the abdomen, the two foremost, however, being interrupted by the longitudinal black marking; the sides of the abdomen are marked but not regularly, with blackish brown spots and small markings, some of them assuming an oblique direction; but none of the lateral markings extend far down towards the underside, which is (as are also the sternum, maxillae, and labium) of a plain yellowish hue devoid of markings. The long spinners of the superior pair are dull yellow faintly marked or annulated with yellowish brown, or sometimes with brownish black. .... in fact I saw, and captured, only females, and all those immature.” ° B Fig. 1. Hersilia caudata Savigny, 1825 . A. Drawing by Savigny in Audouin (1825), pl. 1, fig. 8, near Cairo. B. Photograph, Sohag, Upper Egypt. Fig. 2. Hersilia caudata (?) immature, Shendi. Habitus, postero-dorsal view. 26 Fig. 3. Hersilia caudata: Male, left palp: A. ventral view, B. prolateral view. Female: F. epigyne, ventral view, G. vulvae, dorsal view. After Foord (2005, Chapter 2, Figure 9) Khartoum Fig. 4. Distribution map of Hersilia and Hersiliola species of Sudan. 1 = Shendi (16°40°39.7°N, 33°25°17.9”E) 2 = Kawa (13°43’N, 32°30’E), 200 km south of Khartoum 3 = Reuk (10°45’N, 32°50’E) 4 = Bahr-el-Ghazal, Rumbek (06°47’N, 29°40’E) 5 = Kordufan Mountain (13°04’25.9”N, 30°20’51.3”E) © = Hersilia caudata, @ = Hersiliola eltigani sp. n. 2h Genus Hersiliola Thorell, 1870 There are 10 species of genus Hersiliola recorded from Mediterranean countries, Asia (Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China), and Africa (Mali, Nigeria, Cape Verde Is.) (Platnick, 2010; Marusik, ef al., 2010). Diagnosis. [Modified after Marusik & Fet (2009)] Hersiliola can be easily distinguished from other hersiliid genera by short spinnerets (shorter than abdomen length) and the shape of copulatory organs: a digitate cymbium; flattened bulbus of the male palp [= discoid tegulum]; a small, hook-like, median tegular apophysis perpendicular to the axis of the palp; a filiform, elongate, spirally coiled embolus; elongate insemination ducts coiled around fertilization ducts and uncoiled upper loop; small [relatively smaller] seminal receptacles. [Redescribed in detail by Foord and Dippenaar-Schoeman (2005)] 8 Figs. 5-9. Hersiliola eltigani sp.n. 5-6. Habitus, dorsal view. 5. Male, alive. 6. Juvenile. 7-9. Female. 7-8. Dorsal view. 7. Carapace. 8. Abdomen. 9. Ventral view. 28 Hersiliola eltigani sp.n. Figs. 4, 5-14. H. macullulata Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2005: 259-261, f. 2A-2E (3 only, misidentified). Material examined: Holotype 4 (sd was kept alive and reared to moult on 17-18 August 2008 to be adult), Paratypes 19, Isq, 1j, under stones, on 30 July 2008, Kordufan Mountain’s versant (13°04’25.9”N, 30°20751.3”E, Alt. 606m), deposited in the Arachnid Collection of Egypt (ACE 20080730.1-4). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honour of Prof. Dr. El-Tigani M. H. Allam, El-Khartoum, Sudan, who invited me to visit Sudan, to discover this new species. Diagnosis. The male of Hersiliola eltigani sp.n. is most similar to Hersiliola macullulata (Dufour, 1831), from which it can be distinguished by the shape of the tegular apophysis which is sharply pointed and the position of the embolic base at about 4 o’clock. The female of H. eltigani sp.n. differs by an epigynum with a septum thinner than height of epigynal median plate. Description Colouration: Male: carapace pale yellowish brown, abdomen pale reddish brown (Fig. 5); Female: carapace reddish brown, abdomen more brownish (Figs. 7-8); Juvenile: carapace pale yellowish brown, lighter than male, abdomen lighter than carapace (Fig. 6). Carapace outer margin black. Both carapace and abdomen mottled with grey-brown patches. Abdomen with dorsal rhomboidal pattern. No mottling beneath (Fig. 9). Legs with wide annulations, faint in female and juvenile, very dark in male. Male (Holotype). TL 3.50; Cephalothorax: L 1.59, W 1.75 (CL/CW 0.91); Sternum L 0.79; Abdomen: L 1.91, W 1.48. Legs measurements: Table (2). Relative length of legs 85 : 91 : 52 : 100. Leg formula IV-II-I-III. Table 2: 4, Legs measurements (mm). Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total length I 23 0.74 194 2.28 Lid 8.43 II 2.38 0.69 2.28 2.54 1 9.00 Il 1.48 0.53 PLT 32 0.69 Dek IV 2.65 0.58 2.60 3.07 1.01 9.9] Pedipalp: cymbium L 1.06, tegulum diameter 0.53; embolus with about 1.5 coils; embolic base at about 4 o’clock; tegular apophysis sharply pointed; tip of cymbium is shorter than the diameter of the tegulum (Figs. 10-12). Female (Paratype). TL 3.97; Cephalothorax: L 1.59, W 1.64 (CL/CW 0.97); Sternum L 0.79; Abdomen: L 2.38, W 1.85. Legs measurements: Table (3). Relative length of legs 98 : 104 : 57: 100. Leg formula II-IV-I-III. Table 3: 2, Legs measurements (mm). Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus _ Total length I ZT 0.58 1.70 1.85 WIS fips) I 225 0.64 1.85 207 0.95 7.74 Il 1.43 0.42 0.64 ie 0.64 4.24 IV Zee U:53 2.07 pA Ni) 0.64 7.43 29 10 11 12 Figs. 10-12. Hersiliola eltigani sp.n. Male palp. 10. Retrolateral view. 11. Ventral view. 12. Prolateral view. Scale = 0.5 mm. 14 Figs. 13-14. Hersiliola eltigani sp.n. Female. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Vulvae, dorsal view. Scale = 0.5 mm. Epigynum with a distinct median plate and windows; septum thinner than median plate height of epigynal plate; insemination duct with almost five coils around fertilization duct (Figs. 13-14). World Distribution: Sudan and Burkina Faso. Distribution in Sudan (Fig. 4): Kordufan Mountain’s versant (13°04’25.9"N, 30°20°51.3”E, Alt. 606m). Comment. Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2005) described Hersiliola macullulata (Dufour, 1831) depending on males from Burkina Faso (MRAC 172.521, 207.790, 207.791). Those male specimens were misidentified. They are similar to the Sudanese male described here as Hersiliola eltigani sp.n. The female of H. eltigani is different from both H. macullulata and H. versicolor (Blackwall, 1865) of Cape Verde Islands. 30 Acknowledgments ] am grateful to Prof. Dr. El-Tigani M. H. Allam, the director of the Natural History Museum, University of Khartoum, who invited me to visit Sudan (23 July - 10 August 2008). His generosity, his kind help and his wide scope of both culture and science are unforgettable. Iam grateful too to Prof. Dr. Mashaal A. Saleh, the dean of Faculty of Science, Kordufan University who made my visit to Kordufan possible and hosted me there. Jam also grateful to Dr. Abd-El-Rahman E]-Beshir the dean of Faculty of Science, Shendi University who made my visit to Shendi possible and hosted me there. My sincere thanks are due to my Sudanese friends and colleagues Dr. Omar (Shendi University), Fathy, Serr, Sara, Aasem and Mohammad Hasan who helped me much during my visit to Kordufan and Shendi. I am greatly indebted to my friend Prof. Dr. Yuri Marusik (Magadan, Russia) whose precious comments directed me to describe a new Hersilola. He sent me necessary literature too. His advices and the advice of my friend Prof. Dr. Victor Fet (Marshall University, USA) are appreciated. References Audouin, V. 1825. Explication sommaire des planches d'Arachnides de | ‘Egypte et de la Syrie, Publiées par Jules-César Savigny. \n: Description de I'Egypte ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée francaise. Histoire Naturelle. Tome Premier 1809. Paris. 4e partie, pp. 99-186. Atlas: pls. 1-9 (Arachnides). Audouin, V. 1827. Ibid. 2™ edition. vol. 22, pp. 291-430. Benoit, P.L.G. 1967. Révision des espéces africaines du genre Hersilia Sav. et Aud. (Aran.- Hersiliidae). Revue Zool. Bot. afr., 76: 1-36. [Not Seen] Cambridge, O.P.-. 1876. Catalogue of a collection of spiders made in Egypt, with descriptions of new species and characters of a new genus. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1876: 541-630. El-Hennawy, H.K. 2000. The first landmark in the route of Egyptian Arachnology : "Explication Sommaire des Planches d'Arachnides de l'Egypte et de la Syrie" (1825). Serket, 6(4): 115-128. Foord, S.H. 2005. A Revision of the Afrotropical species of Hersilia Audouin (Araneae: Hersiliidae). pp. 50-167, Chapter 2 Jn: Systematics of the Hersiliidae (Araneae) of the Afrotropical Region. PhD thesis, 237 pp., University of Pretoria. On line at http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02082006-161214/unrestricted/O2chapter2.pdf Foord, S.H. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2005. A revision of the Afrotropical species of Hersiliola Thorell and Tama Simon with the description of a new genus Tyrotama (Araneae: Hersiliidae). African Entomology, 13(2): 255-279. Foord, S.H. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2006. A revision of the Afrotropical species of Hersilia Audouin (Araneae: Hersiliidae). Zootaxa, 1347: 1-92. [Not Seen] Jocqué, R. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. 2006. Spider Families of the World. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, 336 pp. Marusik, Y.M. & Fet, V. 2009. A survey of east Palearctic Hersiliola Thorell, 1870 (Araneae, Hersiliidae), with a description of three new genera. ZooKeys, 16: 75-114. Marusik, Y.M., Kunt, K.B. & Yagmur, E.A. 2010. A new species of Hersiliola Thorell, 1870 (Araneae, Hersiliidae) from Turkey. ZooKeys, 37: 27-34. Platnick, N.I. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.htm| Rheims, C.A., Brescovit, A.D. & van Harten, A. 2004. Hersiliidae (Araneae) from Yemen, with description of a new species of Hersilia Audouin, 1826 from Socotra Island. Fauna of Arabia, 20: 335-347. 31 ; ; ea ito ani wir anlliee pe weap) PS i? aw of eed helen vor? bold a ay . 4 ly 2904 obyprar ed \4 J j a Paxil tS 4 LD js nob of Lint Rae) a be iat , on 6 adh a io Lvotsoabia te oe > teeehiqdaedl 4 | “ r, “ : 7% 3 A te oie : a arity) beter wan 9 irri . MY eG eltiay oe) Pa? She % aL as ny ce Au aa S - ica atqad, 9h gees Ay, >” we") ae Pa AL ih) j : ba par add oe : 7 Ving Rie a Vv Y r mG fr cal nq j ai 1 (< Aja Cia4) no Wi hdeak-OOpe8O Scheele F000 ALA er Latte! bi 1h 7H ii im well sn Ating Ww q - a q ul Ot tAS Sephhut inna te” Tn rr ily, tah, ay stsoi"] £01 TEL Aienni (ahaa aaa AAG aad \ tahegh IE EA naenvodilt :, “Ppa bsnl Ve ero ict eee Oi 2uealyS dhire iy Seni UF eth 7 GATE 2 ech vom ar a o at ue a NUM waa vo Ay. O1FD- AA, sone @ i eee “204 ea i ines ae ' bh yy yen } hy alagdbrietrtaeani ipAhitly een Sane ayn tite abet Gewtey ay ela genet i= air ? wa SU | ML rc ji on 6 corn, my | Serket = Sarkat. : American Museum of Natural History | Received on: 06-15-10 a a 00006386 SERKET oS pee qz Cairo - Egypt 2 2010 SERKET Volume 12 Part 2 November, 2010 Cairo, Egypt Contents Page The Turkish Harvestmen (Opiliones) with zoogeographical remarks Kemal Kurt, O. Kéksal Eman, Hakan Demir & Osman Seyyar 33 A new name for a preoccupied specific epithet in the genus Metaphalangium Roewer, 1911 (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) Hiiseyin Ozdikmen, Kemal Kurt & Hakan Demir 45 Systematics of the philodromid spider fauna of Uludag Mountain region (Araneae: Philodromidae) with a review of the Philodromidae in Turkey Zeyhan Uyar, Rahsen S. Kaya & Ismail H. Ugurtas 47 Notes on Spiders of Africa - I Hisham K. El-Hennawy 61 Subscription for volume 12 (2010-2011): US $ 25.00 (personal rate), US $35.00 (institutional rate) Back issues : Volume | (1987-1990), Vol. 2 (1990-1992), Vol. 4 (1994-1996), Vol. 5 (1996-1997), Vol. 6 (1998-2000), Vol. 7 (2000-2001), Vol. 8 (2002-2003), Vol. 9 (2004-2005), 10 (2006-2007), 11 (2008-2009): US $ 25.00 (p.r.), US $35.00 (i.r.) per volume Volume 3 (1992-1993): US $ 35.00 (p.r.), US $ 45.00 (i.r.) Correspondence concerning subscription, back issues, publication, etc. should be addressed to the editor: Hisham K. El-Hennawy Postal address: 41, El-Manteqa El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt. E-mail: el_hennawy@hotmail.com Webpage: http://serket2008.multiply.com 28 EK ok OK OE ISSN: 1110-502X ; (Big rpat ms Pais io . vit ay = >" ira i d Ww a -4ifln Sars Serket (2010) vol. 12(2): 33-44. The Turkish Harvestmen (Opiliones) with zoogeographical remarks Kemal Kurt i O. Kéksal Eman *, Hakan Demir * & Osman Seyyar * ' Giimiishane University, Siran Vocational Scholl, TR-29700, Giimiishane, Turkey ° Atatiirk University, Science and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey *Gazi University, Science and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey *Nigde University, Science and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, TR-51200 Nigde, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: ozyptila@gmail.com Abstract The species of Turkish harvestmen fauna that were recorded by various authors from different localities of Turkey are zoogeographically evaluated. Also, chorotypes for each taxon are given with the zoogeographical remarks. Keywords: Arachnida, Harvestmen, Opiliones, Turkey. Introduction Harvestmen (Opiliones) are represented by more than 6000 described species (Hallan, 2005), and comprise the third most diverse order of Arachnida. They are significant predators in natural ecosystems and often found in disturbed habitats as well as in forests, under stones, in caves, on the trunks of trees, on the soil, in forest litter, in soil crevices, and sometimes rather deep in the soil. Harvestmen are common and abundant arachnids in Turkey. These animals are insufficiently studied in Turkey and there is a need to update faunal and ecological data. There are a few articles on the harvestmen fauna in Turkey. The first data on Turkish opilionid were published by foreigner arachnologists, such as Kulezynski (1903), Nosek (1905), Roewer (1923, 1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1962), Gruber (1968, 1969, 1976, 1979, 1998), Silhavy (1955), Starega (1973, 1976, 1981, 2003), Martens (1978, 2006) and Snegovaya (1999). Recently, harvestmen attracted the attention of Turkish authors and studies on opilionid fauna of Turkey have gradually increased (Bayram, 1994; Bayram ef al., 2005; Bayram & Corak, 2007; Corak & Bayram, 2007; Yigit et al., 2007; Kurt ef al., 2008a, 2008b; Bayram ef al., 2010). Nowadays, such data about the Turkish harvestmen fauna have reached a considerable level. At present, 63 species and 1 subspecies belonging to 7 families have been recorded from the country until the present time. The main aim of the present paper is to evaulate the Turkish harvestmen fauna zoogeographically and faunistically by using known data. Material and Methods In this paper, classification and nomenclature of the harvestmen suggested by Hallan (2005) are followed. Within the family, the genera and species are listed alphabetically. Distribution of species in geographical regions of Turkey is summarized in remarks according to Top¢u eft al. (2005) [MR = Marmara, AR = Aegean, BSR = Black Sea [WBR, MBR, EBR], CAR = Central Anatolia, EAR = East Anatolia, MER = Mediterranean, and SAR = Southeast Anatolia Regions]. The present zoogeographical characterization is based on the chorotype classification of Anatolian fauna, recently proposed by Vigna Taglianti ef al. (1999). In this study, as possible as one chorotype description can be identified for each taxon. But this kind of description can not be possible for some taxa, so one, two or three chorotypes are used for them. Results Family Dicranolasmatidae Simon, 1879 Dicranolasma giljarovi Silhavy, 1966 Distribution in Turkey: CAR, EAR. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasia (Martens, 1965; Starega, 1978; Snegovaya, 1999; Corak, 2004; Bayram & Corak, 2007). Chorotype: Turano-Mediterranean. Dicranolasma hoberlandti Silhavy, 1956 Distribution in Turkey: MR, MER. World Distribution: Southeast European, Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasia, Middle East (Martens, 1965; Gruber, 1969; Starega, 1973; Bayram & Corak, 2007). Chorotype: Turano-Mediterranean. Dicranolasma ponticum Gruber, 1998 Distribution in Turkey: MBR, EBR. World Distribution: Southeast European, Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasia, Middle East (Gruber, 1998; Bayram & Corak, 2007). Chorotype: Turano-Mediterranean. Dicranolasma ressli Gruber, 1998 Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1968). Chorotype: Anatolian. Dicranolasma scabrum (Herbst, 1799) Distribution in Turkey: MR, CAR, EAR. World Distribution: Central Europe to South Europe, Caucasia, Middle East (Martens, 1965; Starega & Chevrizov, 1978; Karaman, 1995; Snegovaya, 1999; Corak, 2004; Bayram & Colak, 2007). Chorotype: W-Palearctic. Family Ischyropsalididae Simon, 1879 Ischyropsalis hellwigi hellwigi (Panzer, 1794) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: European (Spoek, 1975; Bliss & Martens, 1995; Klime’, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Starega, 2002; Komposch, 2004; Komposch & Gruber, 2004; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Kurt e¢ a/., 2008a). Chorotype: European. 34 —~ — Family Nemastomatidae Simon, 1872 Giljarovia tenebricosa (Redikorzevi, 1936) Distribution in Turkey: EBR. World Distribution: Caucasia, Turkey (Martens, 2006). Chorotype: Turano-Anatolian. Giljarovia turcica Gruber, 1976 Distribution in Turkey: MBR, EBR. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1976). Chorotype: Anatolian. Histricostoma caucasicum (Redikorzev, 1936) Distribution in Turkey: EBR. World Distribution: Russia, Turkey, Georgia (Redikorzev, 1936; Roewer, 1951; Starega, 1966, 1978; Snegovaya & Chemeris, 2004; Martens, 2006). Chorotype: E-European. Mediostoma ceratocephalum Gruber, 1976 Distribution in Turkey: MER. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1976). Chorotype: Anatolian. Mitostoma gracile (Redikorzew, 1936) Distribution in Turkey: EBR, CAR. World Distribution: Russia, Caucasia, Bulgaria, Turkey (Starega, 1976; Martens, 1978, 2006; Snegovaya & Chemeris, 2004). Chorotype: E-European. Nemastoma anatolicum Roewer, 1962 Distribution in Turkey: MER. World Distribution: Turkey (Roewer, 1962; Starega, 1973). Chorotype: Anatolian. Paranemastoma supersum (Roewer, 1951) Distribution in Turkey: EBR. World Distribution: Georgia, Turkey (Martens, 2006). Chorotype: Turano-Anatolian. Paranemastoma werneri Kulczynski, 1903 Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Turkey (Hallan, 2005). Chorotype: Anatolian. Pyza anatolica (Roewer, 1959) Distribution in Turkey: EAR, SAR. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1979). Chorotype: Anatolian. Pyza taurica Gruber, 1979 Distribution in Turkey: MER, CAR. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1979). Chorotype: Anatolian. Vestiferum alatum Martens, 2006 Distribution in Turkey: EBR. World Distribution: Georgia, Turkey (Martens, 2006). Chorotype: Turano-Anatolian. Family Phalangiidae Latreille, 1802 Buresilia macrina (Roewer, 1956) Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Turkey (Roewer, 1956; Starega, 1981; Hallan, 2005). Chorotype: Anatolian. 35 Dasylobus kulczynskii Nosek, 1905 Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Turkey (Nosek, 1905; Hallan, 2005). Chorotype: Anatolian. Egaenus convexus (C.L. Koch, 1835) Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Europe to Central Asia (Roewer, 1956; Starega, 2000; Klimes, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Komposch, 2004; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Komposch & Gruber, 2004). Chorotype: Palearctic. Egaenus marenzelleri Nosek, 1905 Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Turkey (Nosek, 1905; Hallan, 2005). Chorotype: Anatolian. Homolophus funestus L. Koch, 1877 Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Siberia, Mongolia, Turkey (Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Stol, 2007; Kurt et al., 2008b). Chorotype: Central Asiatic-European. Lacinius ephippiatus (C.L. Koch, 1885) Distribution in Turkey: EAR. World Distribution: East Europe to North Europe, Caucasia, Turkey (Spoek, 1975; Martens, 1978; Stol, 1993, 2002, 2007; Bliss & Martens, 1995; Farzalieva & Esyunin, 1999; Vanhercke, 1999; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Klimes, 2000; Starega, 2002; Komposch, 2004; Komposch & Gruber, 2004; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Corak er al., 2008). Chorotype: European. Metaphalangium cirtaum (C.L. Koch, 1839) Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: South Europe, Mediterranean (Cokendolpher, 1990; Bayram ef al., 2010). Chorotype: S-European+Mediterranean. Metaphalangium strandi (Nosek, 1905) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Turkey (Nosek, 1905; Hallan, 2005). Chorotype: Anatolian. Metaplatybunus grandissimus (C.L. Koch, 1839) Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean, Georgia (Roewer, 1912, 1923, 1956, 1959; Martens, 1966; Starega, 1966; Mitov, 2000). Chorotype: E-Mediterranean. Metaplatybunus petrophilus Martens, 1965 Distribution in Turkey: CAR, EAR. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean (Corak, 2004; Bayram ef al., 2010). Chorotype: E-Mediterranean. Mitopus morio (Fabricius, 1779) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: European (Spoek, 1975; Martens, 1978; Stol, 1993, 2002, 2007; Bliss & Martens, 1995; Farzalieva & Esyunin, 1999; Vanhercke, 1999; Klimes, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Starega, 2002; Komposch & Gruber, 2004; Komposch, 2004; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005). Chorotype: European. Oligolophus hansenii (Kraepelin, 1896) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Central to West Europe, Turkey (Spoek, 1975; Stol, 1993, 2002, 2007; Bliss & Martens, 1995; Vanhercke, 1999; Starega, 2002; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Kurt et al.,2008b). Chorotype: European. 36 Oligolophus tridens (C.L. Koch, 1836) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: European (Spoek, 1975; Martens, 1978; Vanhercke, 1999; Klimes, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Starega, 2002; Komposch & Gruber, 2004; Komposch, 2004; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Stol, 2007; Kurt e¢ al., 2008b). Chorotype: European. Opilio hemseni Roewer, 1952 Distribution in Turkey: EBR. World Distribution: Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Iran (Starega, 2003). Chorotype: E-European+ Irano-Anatolian. Opilio insulae Roewer, 1956 Distribution in Turkey: AR. World Distribution: Ukraine, Greece, Turkey (Gruber, 1978; Bayram et al., 2010). Chorotype: E-European. Opilio lederi Roewer, 1911 Distribution in Turkey: EAR, SAR. World Distribution: European, Caucasia, Central Asia, North Africa, Turkey (Gruber, 1979; Bayram ef al., 2010). Chorotype: Palearctic. Opilio parietinus (De Geer, 1778) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: European, Caucasia, Central Asia, North Africa, Turkey (Silhavy, 1966; Spoek, 1975; Hillyard & Sankey, 1989; Bliss & Martens, 1995; Snegovaya, 1999; Vanhercke, 1999; Klimes, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Starega, 2002; Komposch & Gruber, 2004; Corak, 2004; Komposch, 2004; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Stol, 2007). Chorotype: Palearctic. Opilio redikorzevi Roewer, 1956 Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Caucasia, Turkey (Redikorvez, 1936; Silhavy, 1966; Kurt e¢ al., 2008b). Chorotype: Turano-Anatolian. Opilio saxatilis C.L. Koch, 1839 Distribution in Turkey: CAR, EAR. World Distribution: European (Silhavy, 1966; Spoek, 1975; Martens, 1978; Hillyard & Sankey, 1989; Bliss & Martens, 1995; Snegovaya, 1999; Vanhercke, 1999; Klimes, 2000; Mitov, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Starega, 2002; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Corak, 2004; Komposch, 2004; Komposch & Gruber, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Stol, 2007). Chorotype: European. Opilio validus Roewer, 1959 Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Turkey (Mitov, 2000). Chorotype: Anatolian. Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1761 Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: European (Silhavy, 1966; Spoek, 1975; Martens, 1978; Hillyard & Sankey, 1989; Bliss & Martens, 1995; Snegovaya, 1999; Vanhercke, 1999; Klime8, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Starega, 2002; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Corak, 2004; Komposch, 2004; Komposch & Gruber, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Stol, 2007;). Chorotype: European. Phalangium punctipes (C.L. Koch, 1878) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Cuba, Congo, Central Asia, Caucasia, Eastern Mediterranean (Silhavy, 1966; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Kurt et al., 2008b; Stol, 2007). Chorotype: Palearctic+Neotropical+A frotropical. Phalangium savignyi Audouin, 1825 Distribution in Turkey: MER. World Distribution: Russian, Caucasia, Mediterranean (Cokendolpher, 1990; Bayram et al., 2010). Chorotype: Mediterranean. 37 Platybunoides argaea Silhavy, 1956 ; Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Turkey (Silhavy, 1956). Chorotype: Anatolian. Platybunus anatolicus Roewer, 1956 Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Turkey (Roewer, 1956). Chorotype: Anatolian. Rafalskia cretica (Roewer, 1923) Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean (Mitov, 2003). Chorotype: E-Mediterranean. Rafalskia olympica (Kulczynski, 1903) Distribution in Turkey: MR. World Distribution: Turkey (Starega, 1981; Karaman, 2002; Hallan, 2005). Chorotype: Anatolian. Rilaena gruberi Starega, 1973 Distribution in Turkey: EAR. World Distribution: Irag, Turkey (Starega, 1973). Chorotype: SW-Asiatic (Irano-Anatolian). Zachaeus anatolicus (Kulczynski, 1923) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean, Yugoslavia, Azerbaijan (Starega, 1978; Snegovaya, 2002). Chorotype: Turano-Mediterranean. Zachaeus crista (Brullé, 1832) Distribution in Turkey: CAR, WBR. World Distribution: European, Turkey, Azerbaijan (Martens, 1965; Gruber, 1969, 1979; Hillyard & Sankey, 1989; Snegovaya, 1999; Klimes, 2000; Corak, 2004; Komposch, 2004; Bayram & Corak, 2007). Chorotype: European. Zachaeus hebraicus (Simon, 1884) Distribution in Turkey: MER. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East (Roewer, 1923, 1956; Starega, 1967, 1973). Chorotype: E-Mediterranean. Zachaeus orchimonti (Giltay, 1933) Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Turkey (Giltay, 1933; Hallan, 2005). Chorotype: Anatolian. Family Sclerosomatidae Simon, 1879 Leiobunum albigenium Sorensen, 1911 : Distribution in Turkey: MER. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean (Silhavy, 1956). Chorotype: E-Mediterranean. Leiobunum ghigii Di Caporiacco, 1927 Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean (Di Caporiacco, 1929; Gruber, 1968). Chorotype: E-Mediterranean. Leiobunum rotundum (Latreille, 1798) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: European (Silhavy, 1966; Spoek, 1975; Martens, 1978; Hillyard & Sankey, 1989; Bliss & Martens, 1995; Snegovaya, 1999; Vanhercke, 1999; Klime’, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Starega, 2002; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Corak, 2004; Komposch, 2004; Komposch & Gruber, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Kurt et al., 2008a; Stol, 2007). Chorotype: European. 38 Leiobunum rupestre (Herbst, 1799) Distribution in Turkey: CAR. World Distribution: European (Martens, 1978; Martens, 1995; KlimeS, 2000; Novak & Gruber, 2000; Starega, 2002; Blick & Komposch, 2004; Komposch, 2004; Bliss & Komposch, 2004; Hallan, 2005; Kurt et al., 2008a; Stol, 2007). Chorotype: European. Leiobunum seriatum Simon, 1878 Distribution in Turkey: MER. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East (Silhavy, 1955; Starega, 1973). Chorotype: E-Mediterranean. Family Sironidae Simon, 1879 Cyphophthalmus duricorius bithynicus (Gruber, 1969) Distribution in Turkey: MR. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1968). Chorotype: Anatolian. Cyphophthalmus duricorius yalovensis (Gruber, 1969) Distribution in Turkey: MR. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1968). Chorotype: Anatolian. Family Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 Calathocratus beieri Gruber, 1968 Distribution in Turkey: MER. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1968; Schénhofer, 2009). Chorotype: Anatolian. Platybessobius caucasicus Silhavy, 1966 Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Russia, Caucasia, Turkey (Roewer, 1923, 1950; Redikorvez, 1936; Silhavy, 1955; Snegovaya, 1999). Chorotype: E-European. Platybessobius singularis Roewer, 1940 Distribution in Turkey: MER, AR, CAR, MR, WBR. World Distribution: Caucasia, Turkey, Greece (Silhavy, 1966; Gruber, 1968; Schénhofer, 2009). Chorotype: Turano-Mediterranean (Balkano-Anatolian). Trogulocratus rhodiensis Gruber, 1963 Distribution in Turkey: MR, AR. World Distribution: Turkey, Greece (Martens, 1965; Gruber, 1978). Chorotype: Turano-Mediterranean (Balkano-Anatolian). Trogulus graecus Dahl, 1903 Distribution in Turkey: Unknown exact locality. World Distribution: Eastern Mediterr- anean (Starega, 1976; Mitov, 2000; Schénhofer, 2009). Chorotype: E-Mediterranean. Trogulus gypseus Simon, 1879 Distribution in Turkey: MER, AR. World Distribution: Mediterranean (Roewer, 1959; Martens, 1965; Gruber, 1968; Schénhofer, 2009). Chorotype: Mediterranean. Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution in Turkey: MR. World Distribution: Central to South Europe (Roewer, 1959; Gruber, 1968; Martens, 1978; Mitov, 2000, Schénhofer, 2009). Chorotype: European. Trogulus uncinatus Gruber, 1973 Distribution in Turkey: MR. World Distribution: Turkey (Gruber, 1968; Schénhofer, 2009). Chorotype: Anatolian. 39 Zoogeographical Remarks Turkish harvestmen include 63 species and 1 subspecies belonging to 7 families. They have different chorotypes as follows: 19 species (+ 1 subspecies), about 31%, have “Anatolian” chorotype. They are endemic to Turkey. These taxa are: Buresilia macrina, Calathocratus beieri, Cyphophthalmus duricorius bithynicus, C. d. yalovensis, Dasylobus kulczynskii, Dicranolasma ressli, Egaenus marenzelleri, Giljarovia turcica, Mediostoma ceratocephalum, Metaphalangium strandi, Nemastoma anatolicum, Opilio validus, Paranemastoma werneri, Platybunoides argaea, Platybunus anatolicus, Pyza anatolica, P. taurica, Rafalskia olympica, Trogulus uncinatus, Zachaeus orchimonti. 11 species, about 18%, have “European” chorotype. These taxa are: /schyropsalis hellwigi hellwigi, Lacinius ephippiatus, Leiobunum rotundum, L. rupestre, Mitopus morio, Oligolophus hansenii, O. tridens, Opilio saxatilis, Phalangium opilio, Trogulus tricarinatus and Zachaeus crista. 8 species, about 11%, have “E-Mediterranean” chorotype. These taxa are: Leiobunum albigenium, L. ghigii, L. seriatum, Metaplatybunus grandissimus, M. Petrophilus, Rafalskia cretica, Trogulus graecus and Zachaeus hebraicus. 6 species, about 8%, have “Turano-Mediterranean” chorotype. These taxa are: Dicranolasma_giljarovi, D. hoberlandti, D. ponticum, Platybessobius singularis, Trogulocratus rhodiensis and Zachaeus anatolicus. 4 species, about 6%, have “Turano-Anatolian” chorotype. These taxa are: Giljarovia tenebricosa, Opilio redikorzevi, Paranemastoma supersum and Vestiferum alatum. 4 species, about 6%, have “E-European” chorotype. These taxa are: Histricostoma caucasicum, Mitostoma gracile, Opilio insulae and Platybessobius caucasicus. 3 species, about 5%, have “Palearctic” chorotype. These taxa are: Egaenus convexus, Opilio lederi and O. parietinus. 2 species, about 3%, have “Mediterranean” chorotype. These taxa are: Phalangium savignyi and Trogulus gypseus. Each, 1 species, about 2%, of the remaining species has a different chorotype. Dicranolasma scabrum has “W-Palearctic” chorotype. Homolophus funestus has “Central Asiatic-European” chorotype. Metaphalangium cirtaum has “S-European+Mediterranean” chorotype. Opilio hemseni has “E-European+Irano-Anatolian” chorotype. Phalangium punctipes has “‘Palearctic+Neotropic+A frotropical” chorotype. Rilaena gruberi has “SW-Asiatic (Irano-Anatolian)” chorotype. So, most Turkish harvestmen species belongs to Anatolian chorotype (31 %). European and E-Mediterranean chorotypes (29 %) follow them. 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Starega, W. 1978. Katalog der Weberknechte (Opiliones) der Sowjet-Union. Fragm. Faun., Warsaw, 23(10): 197-241. 43 Starega, W. 1981. Uber Platybunus strigosus (L. Koch, 1867), nebst Bemerkungen iiber andere Arten der Platybuninae (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Bulletin de L’Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Varsovie, Cl. II. Série des Sciences Biologiques, 28(8-9): 521-525. Starega, W. 2000. Check-list of harvestmen (Opiliones) of Poland. {\nternet]. [cited 16 April 2010] Available from: http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/kosarze.html Starega, W. 2002. Baltic amber harvestmen (Opiliones) from Polish collections. Ann. Zool., Warsawa, 52: 601—604. Starega, W. 2003. On the identity and synonymies of some Asiatic Opilioninae (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Acta Arachnologica, 52(2): 91-102. Starega, W. & Chevrizov, B.P. 1978. Novyj vid roda Zacheus C.L. Koch (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) iz Predkavkazja. [A new species of the harvestmen of the genus Zacheus (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) from Northern Caucasus]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Leningrad, 57(2): 419-422. Stol, I. 1993. Check-list of North European Opiliones. Fauna Norv., B40: 77-79. Stol, 1. 2002. De nordiske langbeinartenes utbredelse (Opiliones), med forslag til norske navn. Insekt-Nytt., 27(4): 11-20. Stol, 1. 2007. Checklist of Nordic Opiliones. Norw. J. Entomol., 54: 23-26. Top¢gu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109- 140. Vanhercke, L. 1999. Opiliones in Belgium. [Internet]. [cited 15 April 2010] Available from: http://www.elve.net/opilio/home.htm Vigna Taglianti, A.V., Audisio, P.A., Biondi, M., Bologna, M.A., Carpaneto, G.M., De Biase, A., Fattorini, S., Piattella, E., Sindaco, R., Venchi, A. & Zapparoli, M. 2000. A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic Region. Biogeographia, 20: 31-59. Yigit, N., Bayram, A., Corak, I. & Danisman, T. 2007. External morphology of the male harvestman Phalangium opilio (Arachnida: Opiliones). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100(4): 574-581. 44 Serket (2010) vol. 12(2): 45-46. A new name for a preoccupied specific epithet in the genus Metaphalangium Roewer, 1911 (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) Hiiseyin Ozdikmen hi Kemal Kurt’ & Hakan Demir ' ' Gazi University, Science and Arts Faculty, Department of Biology, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey * Giimiishane University, Siran Vocational Scholl, TR-29700, Giimiishane, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: ozdikmen@gazi.edu.tr, kemalkurtmyo@gmail.com Abstract According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948 is not correct because the specific epithet is illegitimate. The authors request the replacement name of the specific epithet strandi Caporiacco, 1948 and they suggest rhodesensis nom. nov. Accordingly, new combination is herein proposed for the species: Metaphalangium rhodesensis nom. nov. pro Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948 syn. n. Keywords: Nomenclatural change, homonymy, replacement name, Opiliones, Phalangiidae, Metaphalangium. Family Phalangiidae Genus Metaphalangium Roewer, 1911 Species Metaphalangium rhodesensis nom. nov. Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948. L'aracnofauna di Rodi. Redia, 33, 27-75 (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Preoccupied by Metaphalangium strandi (Nosek, 1905). Araneiden, Opilionen und Chernetiden. Jn: Penther, A., Zederbauer, E., Ergebnisse einer naturwissenschaftliche Reise zum Erdschais-Dagh (Kleinasien). Annalen des Natur- historischen Museums in Wien, 20, 114-154 (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). The names Metaphalangium strandi (Nosek, 1905) and Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948 were included in the family Phalangiidae. The specific epithet strandi was initially introduced by Nosek (1905) with the original combination Phalangium strandi Nosek, 1905 from Nigde province in CSE Turkey. It is still used as a valid species name. Subsequently, Caporiacco (1948) described a new species from Rhodes Island with the same specific epithet as Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948 by original combination. According to Gruber (1978), Martens (1965) accepted the species Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948 might be identical with Zacheus crista (Brullé, 1832). However, it is still used as a valid species name. Metaphalangium strandi (Nosek, 1905) has priority over Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948. Thus, Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948 is illegitimate and consequently can not be correct. The name Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948 is a primary junior homonym of the name Metaphalangium strandi (Nosek, 1905). According to Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), it must be rejected and replaced. It has no synonym. So, we propose for the specific epithet strandi Caporiacco, 1948 the replacement name rhodesensis nom. nov. Etymology: The name is dedicated to Rhodes Island that is the type locality for Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948. Summary of nomenclatural changes: Genus Metaphalangium Roewer, 1911 Species Metaphalangium rhodesensis nom. nov. pro M. strandi Caporiacco, 1948 syn. n., [nec M. strandi (Nosek, 1905)] [orig. comb.: Metaphalangium strandi Caporiacco, 1948 from Rhodes Island] References Caporiacco, L. di 1948. L'aracnofauna di Rodi. Redia, 33: 27-75. Gruber, J. 1978. Weberknechte (Opiliones, Arach.) von Inseln der Agais. Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien, 81: 567-573. ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. 306 pp. Martens, J. 1965. Uber siidagaische Weberknechte der Inseln Karpathos, Rhodos und Kos (Arachnoidea, Opiliones). Senckenberg. biol., 46 (1): 61-79. Nosek, A. 1905. Araneiden, Opilionen und Chernetiden. Jn: Penther, A., Zederbauer, E., Ergebnisse einer naturwissenschaftliche Reise zum Erdschais-Dagh (Kleinasien). Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien, 20: 114-154. 46 Serket (2010) vol. 12(2): 47-60. Systematics of the philodromid spider fauna of Uluda& Mountain region (Araneae: Philodromidae) with a review of the Philodromidae in Turkey Zeyhan Uyar, Rahsen S. Kaya & Ismail H. Usurtas Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Uludag University, TR-16059 Niltifer, Bursa, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: zeyhanuyar@gmail.com Abstract Philodromid spiders were collected and examined between the years of 2006- 2009 from the Uludag Mountain. The paper presents distribution of 7 species from the genera Philodromus and Thanatus. Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757) and Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 are the most dominant species among philodromids. Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826 and P. collinus C.L. Koch, 1835 are rare spiders. This paper presents an annotated checklist of the Philodromidae of Turkey which includes 38 species of four genera. Keywords: Araneae, Philodromidae, Uludag Mountain, Bursa, Turkey. Introduction Philodromid spiders usually have elongate bodies and quite long slender legs with the back pairs nearly as well-developed as the front ones (Levy, 1977). The philodromids have elongate legs of about equal length, except for species of Ebo which have the second pair of legs much longer than the first (Jennings & Cutler, 1996). The Philodromidae are active hunters and have claw tufts and scopulae on the metatarsi and tarsi of legs. Those species which wait camouflaged in flowers, and ambush visiting insect, have venom which is apparently highly toxic to insects such as bumble bees, which are much larger than the spiders themselves (Roberts, 1995). Philodromids make little use of silk other than in constructing egg sacs (Levy, 1977). For a long time, philodromid spiders were regarded as a derived taxon of crab spiders, and were allocated to subfamily rank within the Thomisidae (Muster, 2009). Detailed studies of embryological characters, chromosomes and eye structure later suggested that Philodromidae and Thomisidae are not closely related to each other (Muster, 2009). The spider family Philodromidae Thorell, 1870 comprises 536 species in 29 genera in the world (Platnick, 2010; Logunov & Kunt, 2010). The checklist of Philodromidae fauna of Turkey (Demir, 2008) included 27 species. As pointed out by Logunov & Kunt (2010), records of some species remain doubtful and require verification based upon reference to the pertinent material. For instance, Philodromus lividus Simon, 1875 was recorded by Kulczynski (1903) from Bursa, but its confirmed distribution is restricted to the western Mediterranean, from Spain and Algeria eastward as far as Italy (Logunov & Kunt, 2010). Two species from Turkey: Philodromus krausi Muster & Thaler, 2004 and P. /unatus Muster & Thaler, 2004 are described as new species. Thereafter, Philodromus femurostriatus Muster, 2009 and P. pinetorum Muster, 2009 are described as new from Turkey. The Philodromidae of Turkey includes 38 species of four genera (Bayram ef al., 2010; Demir, 2008; Logunov & Huseynovy, 2008; Logunov & Kunt, 2010). A very conservative estimate could be at least 45 species (Logunov & Kunt, 2010). Although this number of species is higher than those of neighbouring countries such as Greece (27 species), Azarbaijan (22 species) or Israel (19 species), it is hardly exhaustive (Logunov & Kunt, 2010). Philodromus bonneti Karol, 1968, Philodromus bucaensis (Logunov & Kunt, 2010), Philodromus krausi Muster & Thaler, 2004, Thanatus okayi Karol, 1966, and Thanatus nitidus Logunov & Kunt, 2010 are endemic philodromids for Turkey (Muster & Thaler, 2004; Platnick, 2010; Logunov & Kunt, 2010). ® Kadiyayla Osmaniye@ Alagam @ @ Kirazliyayla AUiudag zirve @KUcUkdeliller Fig. 1. The localities from which spider specimens were collected in Uludag Mountain. Material and Methods The specimens were collected from Uludag mountain, Turkey in the spring and summer months of 2006-2009 (Fig. 1). They were collected from under stones, on ground and on plants by hand sampling, aspirator, sweeping and beating bushes and trees. In this study, only adult spiders were identified, and specimens were preserved in 70 % ethanol. The studied specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Zoology Museum, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey. Identification was made by stereo microscope using the keys of Nentwig ef al. (2003), Logunov & Huseynov (2008), Muster & Thaler (2003), Muster (2009), Roberts (1995), and Segers (1992). In this study, drawings of palpus, epigynum, and vulvae of the species are presented. 48 a EEEEOEOOEOEOEEEeEeEeEeEeEeeeee The terminology of male and female genital morphology mostly follows Muster & Thaler (2004) and Muster (2009). Abbreviations used in the text are: aSDL : ascending part of sperm duct loop, dSDL : descending part of s. d. 1., ITA : intermediate tibial apophysis, RTA : retrolateral t. a., VTA : ventral t. a. Results and Discussion Genus Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826 Spiders with oval to angularly shaped body. Carapace is about as long as wide, narrowing in front. Eyes approximately of the same size; eyes of anterior row closer together than eyes of posterior row; lateral eyes of both rows sometimes with small eye tubercles; posterior-median eyes situated closer to posterior-lateral eyes than to each other; median quadrangle of eyes wider than long, or nearly so, with posterior side usually wider than in front. Legs moderately long and slender, second pair slightly longer than others, but legs of nearly equal length; distal joints armed ventrally with scopulae and claw tufts. Abdomen is usually oval and rounded at sides, sometimes with median dark mark and posterior stripes or chevrons (Levy, 1977). Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757) (Figs. 2-4) Material examined: 16, 192, Kadiyayla, (1.252 m), 23.07.2006; 42.9, Saadet, (590 m), 02.07.2007; 19, Uludag, 07.2006; 12, around Kiiciikdeliler, (1.050 m), 07.08.2007; 22 9, Kirazliyayla, (1.505 m), 29.07.2008. This species was found on Silene compacta, Mentha spicata, Eryngium sp. Description: Female: Total body length 4.04-5.71 mm. Earth-coloured. Carapace is a little wider than long and circular shaped. Colouration of carapace dark brown and the middle of carapace is light. Lateral eyes > median eyes. Anterior median eyes are closer to anterior lateral eyes than to each other. Posterior median eyes are closer to lateral eyes than to each other. Distance between anterior median eyes shorter than distance between posterior median eyes and trapezium formed by four median eyes. Eyes except the posterior median eyes, looking semi-circular shaped, arranged in a row as seen from above. Sternum is swollen, with weak hairs, almost as long as wide. Labium is as long as wide. Abdomen is longer than wide. The abdominal folium is brown or almost blackish brown. Hairs on the abdomen are weak. The ventral side of the abdomen is lighter than the dorsal side. Legs yellowish brown or grey with small brown patches and with rare short hairs. First pair and second pair of legs are longer than others. Epigyne is distinctive and large, wider than long. Median septum is bottle-like. There is not sclerotised arch. Receptacula are nearly half as long as copulatory ducts. Glandular mounds are flat. Male: Total body length 5.23 mm. Carapace is much less wider than long, and is circular. Carapace is brown. Lateral eyes > median eyes. Anterior median eyes are closer to the anterior lateral eyes than to each other. Posterior median eyes are closer to lateral eyes than to each other. Distance between anterior median eyes shorter than distance between posterior median eyes and trapezium formed by four median eyes. Eyes except the posterior median eyes, looking semi-circular shaped, arranged in a row as seen dorsally and frontally. Sternum is longer than wide. Labium is as long as wide. Abdomen is longer than wide and its dorsal surface with weak short blackish brown hairs. The ventral side of the abdomen is lighter than the dorsal side. Legs are yellowish brown with rare short hairs and spines. First pair and second pair of legs are longer than others. Embolus is slightly curved and sickle-shaped; tibia with ventral, intermediate and retrolateral apophyses; VTA large, quadrangular and thick; ITA short; RTA long and almost touching cymbial process. Cymbium is a little broad. World Distribution: Palaearctic (Platnick, 2010). 49 4 a b Figs. 2-4: Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757). 2. Female, epigynum, ventral view. 3. Female, vulvae, dorsal view. 4. Male right palpus, ventral view (a), lateral view (b). Remarks: This species was formerly confused with P. cespitum (Muster & Thaler, 2004; Segers, 1992). In P. praedatus, the upper edge of the ventral apophysis is bi-divided and the retrolateral apophysis is bent, whereas in P. aureolus the upper edge of the ventral apophysis as well as the retrolateral apophysis are straight (Segers, 1990). One further difference is the shape of the embolus which is smoothly curved in P. aureolus, whereas in P. praedatus it is distinctly more curved in the proximal part (Segers, 1990). As pointed out by Segers (1990), females of species of the P. aureolus group are known to show important intraspecific variability in epigyne and vulvae (Braun, 1965; Snazell, 1976), it is not possible to identify the two species by examining the epigyne only. The male specimens figured as P. aureolus from Israel by Levy (1977) are similar but the specimens figured as P. aureolus from the Mediterranean by Muster & Thaler (2004) are different. VTA with oblique border, ITA well expressed like specimens of Israel unlike the Mediterranean specimens. The epigyne figured from Israel by Levy (1977) are different: median septum of epigyne with distinct arch whereas our specimens do not have distinct arch. The epigyne figured as P. aureolus from Mediterranean by Muster & Thaler (2004) is similar. 50 Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802) (Figs. 5, 6) Material examined: 19, Akincilar, (470 m), 16.07.2006; 19, Alacam, (770 m), 17.09.2006; 12, Avdan, (620 m), 07.08.2007. This species was found on Eryngium campestre. Description: Female: Total body length 3.7-5.0 mm. Earth-coloured. A slim cream coloured line is extending from the middle of the posterior eyes until the middle of the carapace. There is a cream coloured anchor-like pattern in the middle of the carapace. Eyes are approximately of the same size. Anterior median eyes are closer to the anterior lateral eyes than to each other. Distance between anterior median eyes is shorter than distance between posterior median eyes. Posterior median eyes are closer to posterior lateral eyes than to each other. Row of eyes except the posterior median eyes is semi- circular shaped as anteriorly seen. Labium and sternum are approximately as long as wide. Sternum earth-coloured, like shield. Abdomen is earth-brown, as long as wide, with a dark brown dorsal pattern. Legs are brown with rare short hairs. First pair and second pair of legs are longer than others. Metatarsi and tarsi of all legs with short hairs on the ventral part. Epigyne is quite distinctive and wider than long, with a distinct median plate separated by a quite developed sclerotised arch; median plate almost as long as wide; atrium is narrower than median plate; copulatory duct half ring-shaped and receptacula half as long as copulatory duct; glandular mound is unnoticeable. World Distribution: Holarctic (Platnick, 2010). 0.1 mm 6 Figs. 5-6. Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802). Female. 5. Epigynum, ventral view. 6. Vulvae, dorsal view. Remarks: P. aureolus similis is believed to be a junior synonym of P. cespitum (Segers, 1992). Being one of the most frequent Philodromus-species in central Europe, P. cespitum reaches higher latitudes more than all of its congeners (Palmgren, 1983; Muster & Thaler, 2004). P. cespitum seems to be rare in the Mediterranean region; most of the numerous old records certainly refer to misidentification when compared with recently redescribed or reinstalled species of this group (Muster & Thaler, 2004). Uludag is not exactly Mediterranean. Females can be distinguished from those of P. longipalpis by their smaller epigyne and by their overall darker colour. The epigyne of P. fuscolimbatus has an atrium which is at least as wide as the median plate, whereas in P. cespitum the atrium is normally narrower than the median plate (Segers, 1992). P. cespitum from Italy examined by Muster & Thaler (2004: 314, fig. 22a) is similar to our specimens' epigyne of P. cespitum. Philodromus collinus C. L. Koch, 1835 (Fig. 7) Material examined: 1, Kirazliyayla, (1.505 m), 29.07.2008. This species was found on the ground. al Description: Male: Total body length 3.6 mm. Carapace as long as wide, rounded, dark brown. Eyes are approximately of the same size. Distance between anterior median eyes is approximately equal to distance between anterior lateral eyes. Distance between anterior median eyes is smaller than distance between the posterior median eyes. Posterior median eyes are closer to the lateral eyes than to each other. Eyes except the posterior median eyes, looking semi-circular shaped arranged in a row as seen from above. Labium and sternum are longer than wide. Abdomen is longer than wide. The dorsal side of the abdomen is dark brown, darker than the carapace. First pair and second pair of legs are much longer than others. Legs are slender, with long rare spines and rare hairs. Legs are brown, lighter than carapace and abdomen. There are small dark brown patches on legs. Embolus slim, of intermediate length, with a slight curve upwards and half a circle; tibia with ventral and retrolateral apophyses; ITA not developed; VTA looks like snake's head; RTA thin, long, pencil-like. World Distribution: Europe, Russia (Platnick, 2010). 0.2 mm a b Fig. 7. Philodromus collinus C. L. Koch, 1835 Male left palpus, ventral view (a), lateral view (b). Remarks: It is possibly restricted to higher altitudes in the Mediterranean (Muster & Thaler, 2004). It is very similar in general appearance to P. aureolus and P. cespitum, but the abdomen is usually marked with a midline band of white hairs which tapers to the spinnerets (Roberts, 1995). In contrast to the opinion of Braun (1965), colouration is highly variable. Specimens with unicoloured legs and without dorsal abdominal pattern occur both in the Mediterranean region and in central Europe (Muster & Thaler, 2004). In the most specimens from the Alps and Saxony, the RTA is pointing to a single tip, whereas it is bifid in Greek, and obviously in some British specimens. The RTA of our male specimens is pointing to a single tip, unlike specimens from Britain examined by Roberts (1995: 172, fig. 4) and Muster & Thaler (2004: 310, fig. 9). Philodromus pinetorum Muster, 2009 (Fig. 8) Material examined: 264, near to Sada Canyon, (480 m), 08.03.2007. This species was found on Pinus nigra. Sys Description: Male: Total body length 3.2-3.5 mm. Blackish brown-coloured. Carapace is rather bigger than abdomen, wider than long, often with hairs. A trapezium formed by four median eyes is in front of carapace. Distance between anterior median eyes shorter than distance between posterior median eyes. Median eyes are closer to lateral eyes than to each other. Anterior median eyes and anterior lateral eyes are equal in size. Posterior median eyes are smallest. Posterior lateral eyes > anterior eyes > posterior median eyes. There are a few spines on the anterior of the carapace. Sternum is brown, longer than wide, with dense short hairs. Abdomen is blackish brown, smaller than carapace, longer than wide, with short hairs; its ventral side is dark brown with short hairs. Legs have the same colour of the body; tarsi and metatarsi of first and second legs has more hairs than the other segments of legs; legs I, II are longer than legs III and IV; all legs have rare spines. Embolus is originating at 10 o’clock and conspicuously thick, widened from originating to its half but suddenly narrowing at about 12 o’clock, then becoming filiform with a thin diameter and its end is at about 3 o’clock; tibia with ventral, intermediate and retrolateral apophyses; VTA slim, curved; DTA triangular shaped; RTA bifid; sperm duct asymmetric. World Distribution: France to Turkey (Platnick, 2010). 0.2 mm a b Fig. 8. Philodromus pinetorum Muster, 2009 Male, left palpus: (a) ventral view, (b) lateral view. Remarks: As pointed out by Muster (2009), the identity of this species has repeatedly been mistaken; tube 662 from the Simon collection labelled ‘Ph. poecilus Th. Suecia (Th.) Rossia (Wagner) Gallia’ contained 27 adult specimens of P. pinetorum and five juveniles. Also the figures P. poecilus in Simon (1932) undoubtedly belong to this recently described species. In Turkey, P. pinetorum appears to be a most common species (Muster, 2009). Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826 (Figs. 9, 10) Material examined: 19, Saadet, (590 m), 02.07.2007. This species was found on Silene compacta. Description: Female: Total body length 3.2 mm. Colouration yellow. Carapace is wide and rounded. Eyes are situated on separate tubercles. Row of eyes except the posterior median eyes is semi-circular shaped as seen from the anterior of the carapace. Anterior 53 median eyes are a little closer to anterior lateral eyes than to each other. Lateral eyes a little bigger than median eyes. Labium and sternum are as long as wide; sternum is flat. Abdomen is longer than wide. Two anterior pairs of legs are quite long; metatarsi and tibiae of all legs rarely have spines. Epigyne is distinctive. Receptaculae are not close to each other. World Distribution: Holarctic (Platnick, 2010). 9 10 Fig. 9. Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826. Female. 9. Epigynum, ventral view. 10. Vulvae, dorsal view. Remarks: As pointed out by Dondale (1972), the name of Philodromus sp. near rufus depends on the identity of P. clarkii Blachwall, 1850 and on that of P. pellax Herman, 1879 (Segers, 1989). It further depends on the identity of P. rubidus Simon, 1870 and P. albidus Kulczynski, 1911, two species for which the original descriptions state that they are very close to P. rufus (Segers, 1989). Females of P. albidus are distinguished by the form of the spermathecal organ which is elongated and projects laterally in P. rufus and is curled over in P. albidus (Segers, 1989: figs. 5-7). Laboratory breeding between European and North American lots of Philodromus rufus is demonstrated. On this base, P. rufus of Western Europe is designated P. rufus rufus, which differs from the North American subspecies in colour and in the time interval between successive egg sacs in ovipositing females (Dondale, 1972). Genus Thanatus C. L. Koch, 1837 Spiders with oval to elongate body. Carapace is about as long as wide, rounded at sides and slightly narrowing in front. Eyes are small, approximately of same size; eyes of anterior row distinctly closer together than eyes of posterior row; posterior row of eyes approximately equally spaced, sometimes posterior-median eyes closer to each other than to posterior-lateral eyes; median quadrangle of eyes distinctly longer than wide. Legs are relatively long, fourth pair almost longest; distal joints armed ventrally with scopulae; claws with distinct denticles and tufts of spatulate bristles beneath. Abdomen is oval, rounded in front and slightly tapering posteriorly; dorsum with dark, median, rhomboid or lanceolate marking (Levy, 1977). Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 (Figs. 11-13) Material examined: 3¢ 4, Sultaniye, (835 m), 03.06.2006; 12, near to Osmaniye, (520 m), 13.07.2006. This species was found under stones. 54 es Description: Female: Total body length 6.0 mm. Colouration brown. Carapace is a little longer than wide; the middle of the carapace has a dark brown thick longitudinal stripe, also the sides of carapace with dark brown bands. Anterior median eyes are closer to anterior lateral eyes than to each other. Distance between posterior median eyes is approximately equal to that of posterior lateral eyes. Anterior median eyes are closer to each other than to posterior median eyes. Anterior median eyes smallest. Lateral eyes > median eyes. Labium is approximately as long as wide. Sternum is rounded with rare hairs. Abdomen is longer than wide, also slightly tapering, with dark brown median rhomboid dorsal marking; its ventral side with short hairs. There are dense hairs on all the body and legs. Legs are brown. Epigyne is distinctive and wide. Receptaculae are close to each other. Male: Total body length 5.0-5.6 mm. Colouration brown. The centre of the carapace is light in colour, with a longitudinal dark brown folium. The sides of the carapace are dark brown. Anterior median eyes smallest. Lateral eyes > median eyes. Anterior median eyes are closer to anterior lateral eyes than to each other. Distance between posterior median eyes 1S approximately equal to posterior lateral eyes. Distance between anterior median eyes is shorter than distance between posterior lateral eyes. Carapace and labium are approximately as long as wide. Sternum is brown, rounded with thin hairs. Abdomen is longer than wide, with a dark brown, median, rhomboid dorsal marking; its ventral side is brown, with thin hairs. All the body without strong hairs. Palpus with dense hairs on tarsus and metatarsus; embolus short, and its tip is curved; VTA short, indefinite; RTA triangle-shaped; aSDL and dSDL are parallel; cymbium is narrow. World Distribution: Palaearctic (Platnick, 2010). 0.1 mm - to tll 12 Figs. 11-12. Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875. Female. 11. Epigynum, ventral view. 12. Vulvae, dorsal view. Remarks: The body size of our specimens is similar to those of North Asia. The male specimens figured as 7. atratus from North Asia by Logunov (1996: fig. 191) and eastern Alps by Muster & Thaler (2003: figs. 3, 6) are similar, regarding the embolus and sperm duct. VTA and RTA are different from those of North Asia, but are similar to those of eastern Alps whereas RTA is thicker. Female figured as T. atratus from eastern Alps by Muster & Thaler (2003: figs. 14, 15) is similar. 7. atratus is most closely related to T. vulgaris and T. tuvinensis; the most reliable distinguishing characters of males are the shape and size of the tegular apophysis, the shape of the embolus. Females differ in having the more narrow and not depressed central division of epigyne in comparison with that of 7. vulgaris and also in shape of the bursa copulatrix (Logunov, 1996). be Fig. 13. Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875. Male left palpus: (a) ventral view, (b) lateral view. Thanatus imbecillus L. Koch, 1878 (Fig. 14) Material examined: 2¢'¢, Alpin zone, (2.200 m), 05.07.2009. This species was found under stones. Description: Male: Total body length 12.0 mm. Carapace dark brown, like black, and approximately as long as wide. Median eyes are a little smaller than lateral eyes. Distance between anterior median eyes is shorter than distance between posterior median eyes, as trapezium is formed by four median eyes. Anterior median eyes are closer to anterior lateral eyes than to each other. Posterior median eyes are closer to lateral eyes than to each other. Sternum is reddish brown, shield-like, with rare hairs. Sternum is slightly longer than wide. Labium is brown, wider than long. The dorsum of the abdomen is reddish-brown, with a blackish-brown, rhomboid-shaped folium; its ventral side has three yellowish brown longitudinal lines. Femora, trochanters, and coxae are blackish brown but other segments of legs are brown. Body is without strong hairs. Embolus is slim, its distal end is not curved; VTA trapezoid-shaped; aSDL and dSDL are parallel to each other. World Distribution: Bulgaria to Central Asia (Platnick, 2010). 0.2mm Fig. 14. Thanatus imbecillus L. Koch, 1878 Male left palpus: (a) ventral view, (b) lateral view. 56 ml Remarks: As pointed out by Lyakhov (1999), this is a rare species related to T. meronensis (Levy, 1977: figs 55-58), which has so far been reported from Balkan Peninsula, the Caucasus and Middle Asia. As pointed out by Logunov & Huseynov (2008), it has been suggested (Kovblyuk ef al., 2008: 26) that the records of T. meronensis from Israel could belong to T. imbecillus. Both species are close but distinct: viz., the male palp of 7. imbecillus is twice as large as that of 7. meronensis (figs. 19, 23), its tegular apophysis is longer and the tibial apophysis is stronger and of different shape (figs. 20, 24) (Logunov & Huseynov, 2008). The male holotype of T. meronensis is clearly distinct from the males of true 7. imbecillus, suggesting a separated taxonomic status of the two species (Logunov & Huseynov, 2008). It is one of the commonest species of the Turkish philodromids, displaying a high variation in body size (males from one catch may be twice as large as those from another) and colour (Logunov & Kunt, 2010). The palp figured as 7. imbecillus from Azerbaijan by Logunov & Huseynov (2008: fig. 19) is similar to our specimens. Annotated checklist of the Philodromidae of Turkey The present checklist of the Philodromid species of Turkey is mainly based on the data included in “The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey” Version 10.10 (Bayram et al., 2010); Top¢u et al., 2005; Demir, 2008; Logunov & Huseynov, 2008; Logunov & Kunt, 2010. No. Species Distribution 1 Philodromus albidus Kulczynski, 1911 Southeast Anatolia Region 2 Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757) Mediterranean Region 3. Philodromus azcursor Logunov & Huseynov, 2008 East Black Sea Region Mediterranean Region 4 Philodromus bistigma Simon, 1870 Aegean Region 5 Philodromus bonneti Karol, 1968 Marmara Region 6 Philodromus bucaensis (Logunov & Kunt, 2010) Aegean Region 7 Philodromus buchari Kubcova, 2004 Central Anatolia Region 8 Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802) Middle Black Sea Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region 9 Philodromus collinus C.L.Koch, 1835 Marmara Region Mediterranean Region East Black Sea Region 10 Philodromus dispar Walckenaer, 1826 East Black Sea Region West Black Sea Region Central Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region 11 Philodromus fallax Sundevall, 1833 Central Anatolia Region 12. Philodromus femurostriatus Muster, 2009 Aegean Region Mediterranean Region 13. Philodromus fuscolimbatus Lucas, 1846 Marmara Region 14. Philodromus glaucinus Simon, 1870 Marmara Region 15 Philodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819) East Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region a7 26 2) 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Philodromus krausi Muster & Thaler, 2004 Philodromus lividus Simon, 1875 Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870 Philodromus lunatus Muster & Thaler, 2004 Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck, 1757) Philodromus medius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 Philodromus pinetorum Muster, 2009 Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872) Philodromus pulchellus Lucas, 1846 Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826 Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757) Thanatus imbecillus L. Koch, 1878 Thanatus lineatipes Simon, 1870 Thanatus nitidus Logunov & Kunt, 2010 Thanatus oblongiusculus (Lucas, 1846) Thanatus okayi Karol, 1966 Thanatus pictus L. Koch, 1881 Thanatus sabulosus (Menge, 1875) Thanatus striatus C.L.Koch, 1845 Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870 58 Aegean Region, Middle Black Sea Region Marmara Region Marmara Region Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Central Anatolia Region Aegean Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Black Sea Region Central Anatolia Region Southeast Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Aegean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Marmara Region Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region Southeast Anatolia Region Middle Black Sea Region Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region 37 Tibellus macellus Simon 1875 Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region 38 ©6Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802) Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Acknowledgments Sincere thanks are extended to Dr. Christoph Muster, Institute of Biology I, University of Leipzig, Germany and Dr. Dmitry V. Logunov, The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester, UK. References Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danisman, T. 2010. The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey (Araneae; Arachnida), version 10.10. http:/Avww.spidersofturkey.com/home.php Braun, R. 1965 Beitrag zu einer Revision der palaarktischen Arten der Philodromus aureolus- Gruppe (Arach., Araneae). I. Morphologisch-systematischer Teil. Senckenberg. biol., 46: 369- 428. Demir, H. 2008. An updated cheklist of the Philodromidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks. Serket, 11(1): 7-12. Dondale, C.D. 1972. Laboratory breeding between European and North American populations of the spider Philodromus rufus Walckenaer (Araneida: Thomisidae). Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc., 2(4): 49-52. Jennings, D.T. & Cutler, B. 1996. Crab Spiders (Araneae: Philodromidae, Thomisidae) of Ramsey County, Minnesota. North Central Forest Experiment Station, Minnesota, 1-35. Kovblyuk, M.M., Nadolny, A.A., Gnelitsa, V.A. & Zhukovets, E.M. 2008. Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of the Martyan Cape Reserve (Crimea, Ukraine). Caucasian entomol. Bull., 4: 3-40. Kulezynski, W. 1903. Arachnoidea in Asia Minore et ad Constantinopolim a Dre F. Werner collecta. Sitzungsberichte der mathematiseh-naturwissenschaft lichen Classe der kaiserlichen akademie der Wissenschaften, 112: 627-680. Levy, G. 1977. The philodromid spiders of Israel (Araneae: Philodromidae). Israel J. Zoology, 26: 193-229. Logunov, D.V. 1996. A critical review of the spider genera Apollophanes O.P.- Cambridge, 1898 and Thanatus C.L. Koch, 1837 in North Asia (Araneae, Philodromidae). Revue Arachnologique, 11(13): 133-202. Logunov, D.V. & Huseynov, E.F. 2008. A faunistic review of the spider Philodromidae (Aranei) of Azerbaijan. Arthropoda Selecta, 17(1-2): 117-131. Logunov, D.V. & Kunt, K.B. 2010. Taxonomic-faunistic notes on the Philodromidae (Aranei) of Turkey. Arthropoda Selecta, 19(1): 11-20. Lyakhov, O.V. 2000. Contribution to the Middle Asian fauna of the spider genus Thanatus C. L. Koch, 1837 (Aranei: Philodromidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 8(4): 221-230. 59 Muster, C. & Thaler K. 2003. The Thanatus striatus species group in the eastern Alps, with description of Thanatus firmetorum sp. n. (Araneae: Philodromidae). Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc., 12(8), 376-382. Muster, C. & Thaler, K. 2004. New species and records of Mediterranean Philodromidae (Arachnida, Araneae): |. Philodromus aureolus group. In Thaler, K. (ed.), Diversitaét und Biologie von Webspinnen, Skorpionen under anderen Spinnentieren. Denisia, 12: 305-326. Muster, C. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships within Philodromidae, with a taxonomic revision of Philodromus subgenus Artanes in the western Palearctic (Arachnida: Araneae). Invertebrate Systematics, 23: 135-169. Nentwig, W., Hanggi, A., Kropf, C. & Blick, T. 2003. Spinnen Mitteleuropas/Central European Spiders. An internet identification key. http://www.araneae.unibe.ch Version 8. 12.2003. Palmgren, P. 1983. Die Philodromus aureolus-Gruppe und die Xysticus cristatus-Gruppe (Araneae) in Finnland. Annls zool. fenn., 20: 203-206. Platnick, N.I. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 11.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Roberts, M.J. 1995. Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe. Harper Collins Publishers, London, 1-383. Segers, H. 1989. A _ redescription of Philodromus albidus Kulczynski, 1911 (Araneae, Philodromidae). Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc., 8(2): 38-40. Segers, H. 1990. The identification and taxonomic status of Philodromus praedatus O. P.- Cambridge (Araneae, Thomisidae). Revue Arachnologique, 9(2): 11-14. Segers, H. 1992. Nomenclatural notes on, and redescriptions of some little-known species of the Philodromus aureolus group (Araneae: Philodromidae). Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc., 9(1): 19-25. Simon, E. 1932. Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espéces Jrangaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 4e partie. Paris, 6: 773-978. Snazell, R.G. 1976. The female of Philodromus praedatus O. P.-Cambridge. Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc., 3(8): 230-231. Topgu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A Checklist ofthe spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109-140. 60 EEE Serket (2010) vol. 12(2): 61-75. Notes on Spiders of Africa - I Hisham K. El-Hennawy 41, El-Mantega El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el_hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract It is a preliminary step in the way of assessment of spiders of Africa. How many spider species are recorded from Africa? what is their proportion to the world's described species? What is the difference between North African and sub-Saharan spiders? Keywords: Spiders, Araneae, Africa. Introduction Nowadays, "The world spider catalog" (Platnick, 2010) is the most important source of information in the field of araneology. The present work is extracted from this catalogue. It is a preliminary step in the way of assessment of spiders of Africa. How many spider species are recorded from Africa? what is their proportion to the world's described species? What is the difference between North African and sub-Saharan spiders? Canary islands' spiders are included with spiders recorded from all other African islands. Spiders of Sinai (Egypt) are also included in the study. The first part is a catalogue of genera recorded from Africa. The families are alphabetically arranged. Each genus is followed by the number of species recorded from Africa. Each family is followed by the sum of genera and species. N = North African spiders and S = sub-Saharan spiders. The second part includes comments in tables of: a summary of the catalogue, proportions of African species to the world species and comparison between North African and sub-Saharan spiders. SPIDERS OF AFRICA — FAMILIES AND GENERA Family AGELENIDAE C. L. Koch, 1837 11 genera, 72 species [28 N, 44 S] Agelescape 1 N Lycosoides 9N Tegenaria 5 N Agelena 38[7N, 31 S] Benoitia 8 [2 N, 6 S] Malthonica 4 [3 N, 1 S] Textrix 2[1N, 1S] Kidugua |S Mistaria 2S Neotegenaria |S Olorunia 1S Family AMAUROBIIDAE Thorell, 1870b 8 genera, 17 species [9 N, 8 S] Amaurobius 6N Arctobius 1N Callobius 1 N Coelotes 1 N Chresiona 3S Macrobunus 1S Obatala 1S Pseudauximus 3S Family AMMOXENIDAE Simon, 1893a 2 genera, 13 species [13 S] Ammoxenus 6S Rastellus 7S Family ANAPIDAE Simon, 1895a_ 6 genera, 12 species [1 N, 11 S] Zangherella | N Crozetulus 3S Dippenaaria 1S Forsteriola 2S Metanapis 3S Pseudanapis 2S Family ANYPHAENIDAE Bertkau, 1878 1 genus, | species [1 S] Amaurobioides 1S Family ARANEIDAE Clerck, 1757 73 genera, 388 species [49 N, 339 S] Aculepeira 1 N Araniella 1 N Gibbaranea 2N Leviellus 1 N Nuctenea 2N Poecilarcys 1 N Siwa 2N Zygiella 2N Agalenatea 2[1N, 1S] Araneus 86 [8N, 78 S] Argiope 13 [3 N, 10S] Cyclosa 16[5N, 11S] Cyrtarachne 10[1N,9S] Cyrtophora 7[1N, 6S] Gasteracantha 21 [1 N, 20S] Gea 4[1N,3S] Hypsosinga 3 [1 N, 2S] Larinia 15 [2 N, 13 S] Larinioides 3[2N, 1 S] Nemoscolus 15 [3 N, 12S] Neoscona 28 [2 N, 26S] Pararaneus 5 [1 N, 4S] Prasonica 7[1N, 6S] Singa 8[4N,4S] Acantharachne 8S Acrosomoides 3S Acusilas 1S Aethriscus 2S Aethrodiscus 1S Aetrocantha 1S Afracantha |S Arachnura 15S Aranoethra 3S Artonis 1S Augusta 158 Caerostris 9S Chorizopes 2S Cladomelea 4S Coelossia 28S Cyphalonotus 3S Eriophora 15S Eriovixia 3S Exechocentrus |S Faradja 1S Gastroxya 4S Hypsacantha 1S Ideocaira 2S Isoxya 16S Kilima 3S Lipocrea 1S Madacantha |S Mahembea 15S Megaraneus |S Nemosinga 3S Nemospiza 1S Paralarinia 4S Paraplectana 6S Parmatergus 3S Pasilobus 5S Pherenice |S Poltys 10S Prasonicella 2S Pronous 1S Pseudartonis 4S Pseudopsyllo 1S Psyllo 1S Pycnacantha 48S Sedasta 1S Singafrotypa 3S Thelacantha 1S Togacantha 1S Umbonata |S Ursa 1S Family ARCHAEIDAE C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854 2 genera, 32 species [32 S] Afrarchaea 13S Eriauchenius 19S Family ATYPIDAE Thorell, 1870b 1 genus, | species [1 S] Calommata 1S Family BARYCHELIDAE Simon, 1889m 9 genera, 39 species [39 S] Ammonius |S Cyphonisia 13S Eubrachycercus |S Idioctis 1S Pisenor 9S Sason 1S Sipalolasma 4S Tigidia 8S Zophoryctes 1S Family CAPONIIDAE Simon, 1890a 2 genera, 13 species [13 S] Caponia 11S Diploglena 2S Family CHUMMIDAE Jocqué, 2001 1 genus, 2 species [2 S] Chumma 258 Family CITHAERONIDAE Simon, 1893a_ 1 genus, 4 species [1 N, 3 S] Cithaeron 4[1N, 3S] Family CLUBIONIDAE Wagner, 1887 3 genera, 63 species [8 N, 55 S] Carteroniella 15S Carteronius 4S Clubiona 58 [8 N, 50 S] Family CORINNIDAE Karsch, 1880c 34 genera, 224 species [14 N, 210 S] Castanilla 2N Liophrurillus 1 N Scorteccia 1 N Castianeira 23 [2 N, 21 S] Graptartia 4[1N,3S] Trachelas 14[7N, 7S] Apochinomma 1S Arushina |S Austrophaea | S Brachyphaea 8S Cambalida 3S Cetonana 6S Copa 8S Corinna 10S Corinnomma 3S Fuchiba 6S Fuchibotulus 2S Hortipes 69S Lessertina 1S Mandaneta 1S Medmassa 1S Merenius 10S Messapus 2S Myrmecotypus 1S Orthobula 6S Paccius 8S Planochelas 3S Poachelas 3S Procopius 11S Pronophaea 3S Pseudocorinna 3S Spinotrachelas | S Thysanina 6S Vendaphaea 1S Family CTENIDAE Keyserling, 1877a 11 genera, 141 species [1 N, 140 S] Anahita 14[1N, 13 S] Africactenus 20S Apolania |S Caloctenus 1S Ctenus 80S Mahafalytenus 7S Petaloctenus 4S Thoriosa 4S Trogloctenus 2S Viridasius 1S Vulsor 7S Family CTENIZIDAE Thorell, 1887 3 genera, 47 species [2 N, 45 S] Ummidia 2N Conothele 15S Stasimopus 44S Family CYATHOLIPIDAE Simon, 1894a 14 genera, 44 species [44 S] Alaranea 4S Buibui 5S Cyatholipus 6S Ilisoa 3S Isicabu 5S Kubwa 1S Pembatatu 3S Scharffia 4S Ubacisi 15S Ulwembua 7S Umwani 2S Uvik 158 Vazaha 1S Wanzia 1S Family CYRTAUCHENIIDAE Simon, 1889m_ 5 genera, 73 species [14 N, 59 S] Cyrtauchenius 14N Acontius 9S Ancylotrypa 44S Bolostromus 1 S Homostola 5S Family DEINOPIDAE C. L. Koch, 1850 3 genera, 14 species [14 S] Avellopsis 1S Deinopis 10S Menneus 3S Family DESIDAE Pocock, 1895b 1 genus, 3 species [3 S] Desis 3S Family DICTYNIDAE O. P.-Cambridge, 1871c 16 genera, 51 species [37 N, 14 S] Ajmonia 3 N Altella 4N Chaerea 1 N Devade 2N Emblyna | N Lathys 10N Scotolathys 1 N Archaeodictyna 4[3N,1S] Dictyna 9[6N, 3 S] Mizaga 2[1N, 1 S] Nigma 7[5N, 2S] Anaxibia 2S Helenactyna 2S Hoplolathys 1S Mashimo 1S Shango 1S Family DIPLURIDAE Simon, 1889m 4 genera, 12 species [12 S] Allothele 5S Euagrus 1S Lathrothele 4S Thelechoris 2S Family DRYMUSIDAE Simon, 1893a_ 1 genus, 3 species [3 S] Drymusa 3S Family DYSDERIDAE C. L. Koch, 1837b 4 genera, 133 species [131 N, 2 S] Harpactea 36N Rhode 3N Stalitochara | N Dysdera 93 [91 N, 2 S] Family ERESIDAE C. L. Koch, 1850 10 genera, 75 species [13 N, 62 S] Adonea 1 N Eresus 10N Dorceus 5 [4N, 1 S] Stegodyphus 14[3N,11S] Dresserus 24S Gandanameno 5S Paradonea 4S Penestomus 2S Seothyra 13S Wajane 2S Family FILISTATIDAE Ausserer, 1867 5 genera, 18 species [10 N, 8 S] Filistata 7N Sahastata 1 N Pritha 5 [2 N,3 S] Afrofilistata 1S Andoharano 4S Family GALLIENIELLIDAE Millot, 1947a 5 genera, 29 species [29 S] Austrachelas 9S Drassodella 7S Gallieniella 4S Legendrena 7S Toxoniella 2S Family GNAPHOSIDAE Pocock, 1898c 49 genera, 585 species [177 N, 408 S] Haplodrassus 8N Leptodrassex 2 N Leptopilos 2N Pseudodrassus 2 N Pterotrichina 1 N Scotognapha 13 N Talanites 3 .N Zelominor | N Anagraphis 3 [1 N, 2 S] Aphantaulax 11 [3 N, 8S] Berlandina 10[4N, 6S] Drassodes 49 [20 N, 29 S] Echemus 6 [3 N, 3 S] Gnaphosa 4[3N, 1 S] Heser | NS Leptodrassus 6[1N, 5 S] Megamyrmaekion 7[3N,4S] Micaria 12 [9N, 3 S] Minosia 10[3N, 7S] Minosiella 3 [2 N, 1 S] Nomisia 23 [8 N, 15 S] Odontodrassus 4[1N,3S] Poecilochroa 12 [3N,9S] Pterotricha 20 [13 N, 7S] Scotophaeus 31[10N,21S] Setaphis 28[11N, 17S] Synaphosus 7 [4N, 3 S] Trachyzelotes 9 [7 N, 2S] Urozelotes 2[1N, 1S] Zelotes 130 [33 N, 97 S] Amusia 2S8 Aneplasa 8S Asemesthes 26S Australoechemus 2S Benoitodes 2S Camillina 13S Diaphractus 3S Echemella 6S Eilica 4S Ladissa 2S Latonigena 1S Microdrassus | S Smionia 2S Titus 18 Trephopoda 6S Trichothyse 3S Xerophaeus 42S Zelotibia 22S Zelowan 18S Family HAHNIIDAE Bertkau, 1878 2 genera, 33 species [5 N, 28 S] Hahnia 32 [5 N, 27S] Alistra 15S Family HERSILIIDAE Thorell, 1870b 7 genera, 47 species [4 N, 43 S] Tama 1N Hersilia 31 [1 N, 30S] Hersiliola 4 [2 N, 2S] Murricia 1S Neotama 1S Prima 1S Tyrotama 8S Family HEXATHELIDAE Simon, 1892a 1 genus, 5 species [1 N, 4 S] Macrothele 5 [1 N, 4S] Family IDIOPIDAE Simon, 1889m_ 10 genera, 102 species [2 N, 100 S] Titanidiops 3 [2N, 1 S] Ctenolophus 7S Galeosoma 15S Genysa 3S Gorgyrella 5S Heligmomerus 6S Hiboka 1S Idiops 58S Scalidognathus |S Segregara 3S Family LEPTONETIDAE Simon, 1890a 2 genera, 3 species [3 N] Leptoneta 1 N Paraleptoneta 2N Family LINYPHIIDAE Blackwall, 1859b 121 genera, 627 species [216 N, 411 S] Acartauchenius 8 N Alioranus 1 N Bolyphantes 1 N Brachycerasphora 4N Canariellanum 4N Canariphantes 5 N Centromerus 11 N Cherserigone 1 N Didectoprocnemis | N Diplocephalus 4N Entelecara 2 N Erigonoplus 1 N Frontiphantes 1 N Gnathonarium | N Hybocoptus 2N Lessertia 2 N Maso 1N Mecopisthes 4N Megalepthyphantes 3 N Mermessus 2 N Metopobactrus | N Minicia 4N Ostearius | N Ouedia | N Palliduphantes 1] N Parapelecopsis | N Pecado | N Porrhomma | N Scotargus 5 N Silometopus 1 N Sintula 5 N Tapinocyba | N Thaumatoncus 2N Theonina 2N Troglohyphantes 5 N Typhochrestus 15 N Agyneta 2[1N, 1S] Araeoncus 14 [3 N, 11 S] Bathyphantes 5 [1 N, 4S] Ceratinopsis 13[2N,11S] Erigone 8[1N,7S] Frontinellina 2 [1 N, 1 S] Gonatium 3([2N, 1S] Gongylidiellum 2[1N,1S] Improphantes 6 [4N, 2S] Lepthyphantes 59 [17 N, 42S] Meioneta 22 [2 N, 20 S] Microlinyphia 6[1 N,5S] Neriene 10[1 N, 9S] Oedothorax 12[2N,10S] Pelecopsis 53 [21 N, 32 S] Prinerigone 3 [2N, 1 S] Savignia 2[1N, 1 S] Tenuiphantes 9[8N, 1 S] Trichoncus 4 [2 N, 2 S] Trichopterna 5[1N, 4S] Walckenaeria 44 [26 N, 18 S] Aberdaria 18S Afribactrus 1S Afromynoglenes |S Afroneta 27S Asthenargellus 2S Asthenargus 7S Bursellia 9S Callitrichia 23S Cameroneta |S Ceratocyba 1S Chenisides 2S Comorella |S Deelemania 4S Donacochara 1S Enguterothrix 3S Erigonops 1S Gibbafroneta 15S Haplomaro 1S Helsdingenia 2S Holma 1S Holmelgonia 148 Hypomma 1S Ibadana 18S Koinothrix 15S Labullula 1S Laminafroneta 2S Limoneta 2S Linyphia 3S Locketidium 35S Lucrinus 1S Machadocara 2S Mecynidis 8S Metaleptyphantes 16S Microbathyphantes 2S Microctenonyx |S Microcyba 18S Millidgea 3S Mioxena 2S Moreiraxena |S Murphydium 1S Napometa 2S Neoeburnella 15S 65 Notioscopus 1S Ophrynia 13S Oreocyba 2S Pachydelphus 4S Proelauna 1S Pseudomaso 15S Pseudomicrocentria 1S Simplicistilus 1S Strongyliceps 2S Syedra 1S Thapsagus 1S Theoa 1S Thyreobaeus 1S Tmeticides |S Toschia 9S Trachyneta 2S Troxochrus 1S Turinyphia |S Tybaertiella 3S Typhistes 2S Ulugurella 1S Venia 1S Family LIOCRANIDAE Simon, 1897 12 genera, 42 species [21 N, 21 S] Agroeca 3N Apostenus 6N Cybaeodes 3 N Scotina 1 N Agraecina 4([3N, 1S] Mesiotelus 6 [5 N, 1 S] Andromma 5S Argistes 1S Coryssiphus 3S Donuea 1S Liocranum 2S Rhaeboctesis 7S Family LYCOSIDAE Sundevall, 1833b 52 genera, 632 species [140 N, 492 S] Alopecosella 1 N Cynosa 1 N Orthocosa 1 N Phonophilus 1 N Wadicosa |1N Allocosa 71 [17N, 54S] Alopecosa 23 [19 N, 4S] Arctosa 74 [18 N, 56 S] Crocodilosa 2 [1 N, 1S] Evippa 9[4N,5S] Geolycosa 30 [2 N, 28 S] Hippasa 13 [3N, 10S] Hogna 113 [22 N,91 S] Hyaenosa 3[1N, 2S] Lycosa 33 [13N, 20S] Megarctosa 3 [1 N, 2S] Ocyale 7[1N,6S] Orinocosa 4 [1 N,3 S] Pardosa [18 N, 68 S] Pirata 18[7N, 11S] Trabea 12[1N, 11S] Trochosa 29 [6N, 23 S] Amblyothele 8S Anomalomma |S Arctosomma 15S Artoria 3S Artoriellula 1S Auloniella 1S Brevilabus 2S Bristowiella 2S Caporiaccosa 1S Dejerosa 1S Dolocosa 1S Edenticosa 1S Evippomma 4S Foveosa 5S Hognoides 2S Loculla 48S Malimbosa 1S Minicosa 1S Pardosella 5S Passiena 2S Proevippa 11S Pseudevippa |S Pterartoria 4S Pterartoriola 4S Schizocosa 12S Tricassa 2S Trochosippa 7S Trochosula 15S Xerolycosa 2S Zenonina 6S Family MICROSTIGMATIDAE Roewer, 1942a 1 genus, 6 species [6 S] Microstigmata 6S Family MIGIDAE Simon, 1889m_ 5 genera, 47 species [47 S] Micromesomma | S Moggridgea 30S Paramigas 11S Poecilomigas 3S Thyropoeus 2S Family MIMETIDAE Simon, 188la 4 genera, 21 species [5 N, 16 S] Ero 9[3N,6S] Mimetus 10 [2N, 8S] Kratochvilia 1S Reo 18S Family MITURGIDAE Simon, 1886g 5 genera, 80 species [14 N, 66 S] Cheiracanthium 42 [13 N, 29S] Cheiramiona 27[1N,26S] Parapostenus | S Syrisca 7S Tecution 3S Family MYSMENIDAE Petrunkevitch, 1928 9 genera, 12 species [3 N, 9 S] Calodipoena | N Trogloneta 2N Anjouanella 1S Isela 1S Kilifina 15S Leviola 1S Microdipoena 3S Mysmena 1S Mysmenella 1S Family NEMESIIDAE Simon, 1889m_ 6 genera, 63 species [10 N, 53 S] Nemesia 11 [10N, 1S] Entypesa 3S Hermacha 16S Lepthercus 2S Pionothele |S Spiroctenus 30S Family NEPHILIDAE Simon, 1894a 3 genera, 27 species [27 S] Clitaetra 5S Nephila 20S Nephilengys 2S Family NESTICIDAE Simon, 1894a 3 genera, 8 species [1 N, 7 S] Canarionesticus 1 N Nesticella 5S Nesticus 2S Family OCHYROCERATIDAE Fage, 1912 7 genera, 21 species [21 S] Dundocera 3S Euso 1S Lundacera 1S Ouette 1S Roche 1S Speocera 7S Theotima 7S Family OECOBIIDAE Blackwall, 1862a 5 genera, 53 species [38 N, 15 S] Oecobius 41 [35 N, 6S] Uroctea 8 [3 N, 5 S] Paroecobius 2S Urocteana |S Uroecobius |S Family OONOPIDAE Simon, 1890a 36 genera, 113 species [20 N, 93 S] Ovobulbus 1N Dysderina 7 ([2N,5S] Gamasomorpha 10[1N, 9S] Oonopinus 3 [1 N,2S] Oonops 8 [3 N,5 S] Opopaea 17 [3N, 14S] Orchestina 9 [4N,5 S] Silhouettella 2 [1 N, 1 S] Sulsula 2 [1 N, 1S] Telchius 3 [2N, 1S] Xestaspis 5 [1 N, 4S] Anophthalmoonops_ | S Antoonops 4S Aridella 1S Australoonops 1S Blanioonops 1S Brignolia 1S Caecoonops 2S Calculus 1S Cousinea 1S Diblemma |S Hypnoonops |S Ischnothyrella 1S Ischnothyreus 2S Kijabe 2S Lionneta 8S Lisna 1S Nephrochirus 1S Patri 1S Pelicinus 1S Prida 1S Pseudoscaphiella 1S Stenoonops |S Termitoonops 5S Triaeris 5S Zyngoonops 1S Family ORSOLOBIDAE Cooke, 1965 2 genera, 4 species [4 S] Afrilobus 3S Azanialobus | S Family OXYOPIDAE Thorell, 1870b 4 genera, 121 species [13 N, 108 S] Oxyopes 100 [10N, 90S] Peucetia 15 [3N, 12S] Hamataliwa 5S Hostus 1S Family PALPIMANIDAE Thorell, 1870b 11 genera, 55 species [6 N, 49 S] Chedima 1 N Palpimanus 26[5N,21S] Anisaedus 2S Badia 1S Boagrius 1S Diaphorocellus 4S Hybosida 4S Ikuma 2S Sarascelis 6S Scelidocteus 7S Steriphopus |S Family PHILODROMIDAE Thorell, 1870b 7 genera, 127 species [47 N, 80 S] Halodromus 4 [3N, 1 S] Philodromus 68 [31 N,37S] Thanatus 28 [11 N, 17S] Tibellus 19 [2 N, 17S] Hirriusa 3S Suemus 3S Tibitanus 2S Family PHOLCIDAE C. L. Koch, 1850 22 genera, 226 species [60 N, 166 S] Artema 1N Holocnemus | N Micropholcus 1 N 67 Modisimus | N Nita 1N Ossinissa 1 N Pholecus 46 [28 N, 18 S] Smeringopus 21[{1N,20S] Spermophorides 27 [25 N, 2 S] Anansus 38S Buitinga 20S Cenemus 3S Crossopriza 5S Leptopholeus 6S Ninetis 4S Nyikoa 1S Paramicromerys 14S Pehrforsskalia 1S Quamtana 25S Smeringopina 8S Spermophora 19S Zatavua 17S Family PHYXELIDIDAE Lehtinen, 1967 11 genera, 51 species [51 S] Ambohima 28S Kulalania 1S Lamaika 1S Malaika 2S Matundua |S Namaquarachne 5S Phyxelida 18S Pongolania 2S Themacrys 5S Vidole 5S Xevioso 9S Family PISAURIDAE Simon, 1890a 34 genera, 124 species [7 N, 117 S] Cladyenis 1 N Nilus 1 N Pisaura 4N Dolomedes 23 [1 N, 22 S] Afropisaura 3S Caripetella 1S Charminus 10S Chiasmopes 4S Cispinilus 18S Cispius 10S Conakrya 1S Dendrolycosa 1S Euprosthenops 9S Euprosthenopsis 8S Hala 2S Hygropoda 3S Hypsithylla 1S Maypacius 9S Paracladycnis 1S Perenethis 2S Phalaeops 2S Ransonia |S Rothus 3S Tallonia 1S Tapinothele 1S Tapinothelella 1S Tapinothelops 2S Tetragonophthalma | S Thalassiopsis 1S Thalassius 12S Tolma 1S Voraptipus 1S Vuattouxia 1S Walrencea 1S Family PRODIDOMIDAE Simon, 1884g 13 genera, 80 species [16 N, 64 S] Prodidomus 24[4N,20S] Zimirina 13 [12 N,1 S] Anagrina 2S Austrodomus 2S Eleleis 1S Katumbea 1S Namundra 4S Plutonodomus 1S Prodida 1S Purcelliana 1S Theuma 26S Theumella 2S Zimiris 2S Family SALTICIDAE Blackwall, 1841 148 genera, 1091 species [165 N, 926 S] Ballus 3N Chalcoscirtus 2 N Heliophanillus 1 N Macaroeris 6N Mendoza 1 N Paraneaetha | N Plexippoides 1 N Pseudeuophrys 1N Synageles 3 N Aelurillus 24 [14 N, 10 S] Afraflacilla 6 [2N, 4S] Bianor 10[2N,8S] Carrhotus 8 [2N, 6S] Cosmophasis 10[1N,9S] Cyrba 9[1N, 8S] Dendryphantes 9[1N,8S] Euophrys 23 [12 N, 11S] Evarcha 32 [3 N, 29 S] Festucula 3 [1 N, 2S] Habrocestum 21[6N,15S] MHasarius 9[1N, 8S] Heliophanus 111 [14N,97S] Icius 16[6N, 10S] Langona 21 [2 N, 19S] Leptorchestes 4 [3 N, 1 S] Marpissa 2[1N, 1S] Menemerus 40 [11 N, 29 S] Mexcala 18[1N, 17S] Mogrus 16[7N, 9S] Myrmarachne 81 [2 N, 79 S] Neaetha 10 [6N, 4S] Neon 2[1N, 1S] Pellenes 23 [5N, 18 S] Philaeus 5 [4N, 1 S] Phlegra 50 [8N, 42 S] Plexippus 9 [2N, 7S] Pseudicius 24 [4 N, 20S] Rafalus 4 [2 N,2S] Saitis 6[2N,4S] Salticus 10 [8N, 2 S] Stenaelurillus 16[4N,12S] Thyene 35 [1 N, 34S] Thyenula 10[1N,9S] Yilenus 7[6N, 1S] Aenigma 1S Afrobeata 2S Afromarengo 1S Alfenus 2S Araegeus 2S Asemonea 14S Bacelarella 7S Baryphas 5S Bavia 1S Baviola 3S 68 Belippo 7S Bokokius 1S Brancus 6S Brettus 1S Bristowia 1S Cavillator 1S Cembalea 3S Chrysilla 1S Copocrossa 2S Cynapes 3S Dasycyptus 2S Depreissia 1S Eburneana 3S Echinussa 3S Encymachus 2S Enoplomischus 2S Giuiria 1S Goleba 5S Goleta 2S Gramenca |S Harmochirus 3 S Hermotimus 1S Hispo 9S Holcolaetis 7S Homalattus 6S Hyllus 52S Kima 5S Klamathia 1S Lamottella 1S Langelurillus 11S Longarenus |S Lophostica 3S Macopaeus |S Malloneta 1S Maltecora 3S Margaromma 1S Mashonarus 2S Massagris 6S Meleon 8S Microbianor 5S Microheros 1S Mikrus 1S Modunda 18S Monomotapa 1S Natta 2S Nigorella 4S Nimbarus |S Orsima 1S Pachyballus 6S Pachyonomastus | S Pachypoessa 2S Padilla 17S Pandisus 5S Paraheliophanus 4S Parajotus 3S Pellolessertia 15S Peplometus 2S Pharacocerus 9S Phaulostylus 4S Phintella 6S Pignus 3S Pochyta 14S Poessa 18S Polemus 2S Portia 3S Pseudemathis | S Pseudoplexippus | S Rhene 16S Sadies 5S Salpesia 1S Saraina 3S Schenkelia 4S Sibianor 3S Simaetha 1S Sitticus 2S Sonoita 1S Tanzania 3S Tarne 18S Telamonia 5S Thiratoscirtus 5S Thyenillus 1S Tomobella 2S Tomocyrba 6S Tomomingi 7S Toticoryx 1S Tusitala 9S Ugandinella |S Uxuma 1S Vatovia 1S Veissella 2S Viciria 21S Wesolowskana 2S Xuriella 1S Yogetor 2S Family SCYTODIDAE Blackwall, 1864a 2 genera, 64 species [63 N, 1 S] Scytodes 63 [8 N, 58S] Soeuria 1S Family SEGESTRIIDAE Simon, 1893a 2 genera, 38 species [6 N, 32 S] Ariadna 34 [3 N, 31 S] Segestria 4[3N, 1 S] Family SELENOPIDAE Simon, 1897a 4 genera, 107 species [1 N, 106 S] Selenops 34 [1 N, 33 S] Anyphops 64S Garcorops 3S Hovops 6S Family SICARIIDAE Keyserling, 1880 2 genera, 21 species [3 N, 18 S] Loxosceles 15 [3 N, 12 S] Sicarius 6S Family SPARASSIDAE Bertkau, 1872 36 genera, 238 species [31 N, 207 S] Cerbalus 6N Nonianus | N Cebrennus 9 [8N, 1 S] Eusparassus 20[9N,11S] Micrommata 4 [3 N, | S] Olios 82 [4N, 78 S] Anchonastus 4S Arandisa 18 Barylestis 9S Berlandia 2S Carparachne 2S Cercetius 1S Chrosioderma 9S Damastes 17S Heteropoda 1S Leucorchestris 7S Megaloremmius | S Microrchestris 2S Nisueta 5S Orchestrella 2S Palystella 4S 69 Palystes 18S Panaretella 5S Parapalystes 5S Pleorotus 1S Pseudomicrommata 1S Remmius 5S Rhacocnemis 15S Rhitymna 4S Sarotesius 1S Staianus 1S Stasina 1S Stasinoides 1S Stipax 1S Thelcticopis 3S Thomasettia |S Family STIPHIDIIDAE Dalmas, 1917a 1 genus, 2 species [2 S] Ischalea 2S Family SYMPHYTOGNATHIDAE Hickman, 1931 3 genera, 5 species [5 S] Anapistula 3S Patu 1S Symphytognatha |S Family SYNAPHRIDAE Wunderlich, 1986 2 genera, 7 species [4 N, 3 S] Synaphris 6[4N, 2S] Africepheia 1S Family TELEMIDAE Fage, 1913 3 genera, 7 species [7 S] Apneumonella 1S Cangoderces 3S Seychellia 3S Family TENGELLIDAE Dahl, 1908 1 genus, | species [1 S] Calamistrula 1S Family TETRABLEMMIDAE O. P.-Cambridge, 1873d 7 genera, 11 species [11 S] Afroblemma 2S Anansia 1S Cuangoblemma 1S Hexablemma 1S Mariblemma 1S Shearella 1S Tetrablemma 4S Family TETRAGNATHIDAE Menge, 1866 16 genera, 154 species [12 N, 142 S] Meta 10[4N, 6S] Pachygnatha 18[2N,16S] Tetragnatha 61 [6 N, 55 S] Diphya 1S Dolichognatha 5S Dyschiriognatha 1S Glenognatha 1S Leucauge 45S Mecynometa 2S Mesida 2S Orsinome 1S Parameta 2S Parazilia 18S Pholcipes 1S Sancus 1S Tylorida 2S Family THERAPHOSIDAE Thorell, 1869 30 genera, 162 species [11 N, 151 S] Chaetopelma 3[2N, 1S] Harpactirella 11[1N,10S] Ischnocolus 11 [8N, 3S] Anoploscelus 2S Augacephalus 2S Batesiella 1S Brachionopus 5S Ceratogyrus 10S Citharischius 2S Encyocratella 1S Encyocrates 1S Eucratoscelus 2S Eumenophorus 2S Euphrictus 2S Harpactira 16S Heteroscodra 35S Heterothele 10S Hysterocrates 21S Idiothele 1S Loxomphalia |S Loxoptygus 3S Mascaraneus | S Monocentropus |S Myostola 1S Nesiergus 3S Phoneyusa 25S Pterinochilus 9S Selenogyrus 5S Stromatopelma 6S Trichognathella 1S Family THERIDIIDAE Sundevall, 1833b 55 genera, 382 species [97 N, 285 S] Anatolidion | N Asagena |1N Dipoenata 3 N Echinotheridion 1 N Eurypoena 2N Kochiura | N Macaridion | N Neottiura 3 N Paidiscura 2N Pholcomma | N Rugathodes 1 N Sardinidion | N Simitidion 1 N Achaearanea 4[1 N, 3S] Anelosimus 15 [1 N, 14 S] Argyrodes 28 [2 N, 26 S] Coleosoma 2 [1 N, 1 S] Crustulina 9 [3 N, 6S] 70 Dipoena 20[10N, 10S] Euryopis 8 [4N,4S] Platnickina 2[1N, 1 S] Steatoda 42 [13 N, 29 S] Thwaitesia 9[1N, 8S] Enoplognatha 15[12N,3S] Episinus 12 [4N, 8S] Latrodectus 11 [4N, 7S] Phoroncidia 16[1N, 15S] Rhomphaea 6 [2N,4S] Robertus 2 [1 N, 1 S] Theridion 103[16N,87S] Theridula 7[1N, 6S] Argyrodella 1S Ariamnes 4S Asygyna 2S Audifia 1S Bardala 1S Carniella 1S Chorizopella 18 Coscinida 48 Dipoenura |S Histagonia 1S Moneta 2S Nanume 1S Phycosoma 4S Pycnoepisinus |S Sesato 1S Spinembolia 1S Stoda 1S Theonoe 1S Thymoites 2S Zercidium 1S Family THERIDIOSOMATIDAE Simon, 1881la 4 genera, 8 species [8 S] Andasta 2S Wendilgarda 2S Zoma 18S Family THOMISIDAE Sundevall, 1833b 69 genera, 453 species [71 N, 382 S] Pistius 1 N Firmicus 18 [2 N, 16S] Heriaeus 8 [4N, 4S] Misumena 5 [3 N, 2S] Ozyptila 18[13N,5S] Pherecydes 8[1 N, 7S] Runcinia 14 [2N, 12S] Proboscidula 2S Seycellesa 1S Styposis 1S Tidarren 16S Theridiosoma 3S Tmarus 35 [3 N, 32 S] Ansiea 2S Avelis 1S Camaricus 4S Diaea 12S Epidius 3S Gnoerichia 1S Heriaesynaema |S Holopelus 4S Ledouxia 1S Mystaria 2S Pactactes 3S Parasmodix 1S Phaenopoma 3S Platythomisus 9S Pseudoporrhopis | S Smodicinus 1S Stiphropella 1S Tagulis 1S Thomisops 8S Synema 56 [4N, 52S] Xysticus 57 [31 N, 26S] Apyretina 5S Bonapruncinia 1S Cynathea 3S Diplotychus 1S Felsina 1S Haedanula 1S Heterogriffus 1S Iphoctesis |S Misumenops 35S Ostanes 18S Parabomis 3S Parastrophius |S Phrynarachne 11S Porropis 1S Pyresthesis 1S Soelteria 1S Stiphropus 12S Talaus 1S Trichopagis |S Thomisus 49 [7N, 42 S] Amyciaea 158 Ascurisoma 1S Borboropactus 4S Cyriogonus 6S Emplesiogonus 2S Geraesta 2S Herbessus 1S Hewittia 1S Lampertia |S Monaeses 10S Oxytate 6S Paramystaria 6S Pasiasula 1S Plastonomus |S Prepotelus 4S Simorecus 12S Stephanopis 3S Sylligma 3S Tharrhalea 3S Zametopias |S Family TITANOECIDAE Lehtinen, 1967 2 genera, 2 species [2 N] Nurscia 1N Titanoeca 1 N Family TROCHANTERIIDAE Karsch, 1879d 1 genus, 16 species [1 N, 15 S] Platyoides 16[1N, 15S] Family ULOBORIDAE Thorell, 1869 5 genera, 21 species [5 N, 16 S] Polenecia | N Miagrammopes 4S Hyptiotes 3[2N, 1S] Philoponella 2S Uloborus 11 [2 N,9 S|] Family ZODARIIDAE Thorell, 1881 35 genera, 258 species [42 N, 216 S] Amphiledorus 2 N Lachesana 2N 7 Palaestina 1N Selamia 3 N Mallinus 2 [1 N, 1 S] Akyttara 4S Australutica 2S Chariobas 7S Cydrela 12S Dusmadiores 3S Mallinella 29S Omucukia 2S Psammoduon 3S Systenoplacis 21S Trygetus 3N Zodarion 23 N Ranops 2 [1 N,1 S] Zodariellum 8 [6N, 2 S] Asceua 38S Aschema 28S Caesetius 10S Cicynethus 3S Cyrioctea 5S Heradida 6S Mastidiores 1 S Palfuria 9S Psammorygma 3S Thaumastochilus 2S Capheris 10S Cryptothele 1S Diores 59S Hermippus 7S Microdiores 4S Procydrela 2S Rotundrela 2S Family ZORIDAE F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1893 1 genus, 5 species [5 S] Voraptus 5S Family ZOROCRATIDAE Dahl, 1913 3 genera, 10 species [10 S] Raecius 6S Uduba 28S Zorodictyna 2S Family ZOROPSIDAE Bertkau, 1882 4 genera, 33 species [6 N, 27 S] Zoropsis 6N Pseudoctenus 2S Griswoldia 12S Phanotea 13S Comments in Tables The following table (1) summarizes the catalogue of spider genera recorded from Africa. Family Genera| Species AGELENIDAE C. L. Koch, 1837 11 72 AMAUROBIIDAE Thorell, 1870 8 [Fe ba 2 dO) AMMOXENIDAE Simon, 1893 oe oS ANAPIDAE Simon, 1895 Oe tea | ANYPHAENIDAE Bertkau, 1878 Vole | > | =e ARANEIDAE Clerck, 1757 ARCHAEIDAE C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854 2 =. —|n =| TSR on | Lo ee) sole a i7 BAnSae ATYPIDAE Thorell, 1870 BARYCHELIDAE Simon, 1889 CAPONIIDAE Simon, 1890 CHUMMIDAE Jocqué, CITHAERONIDAE Simon, 1893 CLUBIONIDAE Wagner, 1887 CORINNIDAE Karsch, 1880 CTENIDAE Keyserling, 1877 CTENIZIDAE Thorell, 1887 CYATHOLIPIDAE Simon, 1894 CYRTAUCHENIIDAE Simon, 1889 DEINOPIDAE C. L. Koch, 1850 DESIDAE Pocock, 1895 DICTYNIDAE O. P.-Cambridge, 1871 DIPLURIDAE Simon, 1889 DRYMUSIDAE Simon, 1893 DYSDERIDAE C. L. Koch, 1837 2001 224 a = = Oro LIS | Uo eS lial — i) 62 | FILISTATIDAE Ausserer, 1867 | 5 | 18 | 0 | 8 | GALLIENIELLIDAE Millot, 1947, | 5 | 29 | 29 408 HAHNIIDAE Bertkau, 1878 HERSILIIDAE Thorell, 1870 oom || BERS AVI AR DOAB aaa ial SAT 4 IDIOPIDAE Simon, 1889 2 100 MEETONETIDAM Simon 199000 | 3 8 121 411 LIOCRANIDAE Simon, 1897 21 21 LYCOSIDAE Sundevall, 1833 632 140 | 492 MICROSTIGMATIDAE Roewer, 1942 aio SE 6 MIGIDAE Simon, 1889 47 = 47 MIMETIDAE Simon, 1881 21 5 16 MITURGIDAE Simon, 1886 80 1 66 | MYSMENIDAE Petrunkevitch, 1928 | 9 =| 12, | 3 | 9 NEMESIIDAE Simon, 1889 Gaal. 632 | OL. 53 NEPHILIDAE Simon, 1894 NESTICIDAE Simon, 1894 OCHYROCERATIDAE Fage, 1912 OECOBIIDAE Blackwall, 1862 OONOPIDAE Simon, 1890 ORSOLOBIDAE Cooke, 1965 ele » Ann) N o>) ON — — 2 N — O}r | N]Nn OXYOPIDAE Thorell, 1870 RSs PHILODROMIDAE Thorell, 1870 7 127 7 80 PISAURIDAE Simon, 1890 -FRODIDOMIDAE Sinon, 188d ————[-13| ~s0 | 16) ot 165__| 926 | SEGESTRIIDAE Simon, 1893, | 2 | 38 | 6 | 32 207 2 = 2 5 = 7 a 3 7 EAE SEMIDAn Das, 08binoe a Td Ld fl ee u TETRAGNATHIDAE Menge, 1866 16 154 12 142 ee ee 151 THERIDIIDAE Sundevall, 1833 [ 55 382 7 PAKS THERIDIOSOMATIDAE Simon, 1881 4 8 - 8 THOMISIDAE Sundevall, 1833 69 | 453 TITANOECIDAE Lehtinen, 1967 TROCHANTERIIDAE Karsch, 1879 ZODARIIDAE Thorell, 1881 ZORIDAE F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1893 Total 79 Families World Spider Catalog 109 Families N = North African spiders, S = sub-Saharan spiders. There are 7935 species, 1116 genera, and 79 families of spiders recorded from Africa. This means that more than 70% of the known spider families of the world are represented in the continent, while only 19% of the described spider species are recorded from Africa. About 79% of the African spiders are sub-Saharan. The proportion of African species to the world species of each family and a comparison between North African and sub-Saharan spiders are presented in Table (2). Table 2. Spider species of Africa compared with spiders of the world. me re ae 7 Y [World i Agelenidae 515 | 72 Amaurobiidae 874 17 Nemesiidae Ammoxenidae 18 13 Nephilidae Anapidae 149 | 12 3.88 Anyphaenidae Sera Araneidae Archaeidae Atypidae Barychelidae 121 | 28.14 Chummidae 2 127 Cithaeronidae Pholcidae Clubionidae Phyxelididae A Calis) on us le Nn aN — \O oo Corinnidae 960 Pisauridae Ctenidae 475 Prodidomidae 3020) SOS 2649) Ctenizidae Cyatholipidae 64 Cyrtaucheniidae 8 Deinopidae 107 #2 Desidae Dictynidae Dipluridae 178 Drymusidae 15 Dysderidae 26.03 | Synaphridae A AMADSS BS Eresidae 100 | 75 | 75.00) Telemidae AS {| FUL SS6 74 154 162 7.81 | Theridiidae 382 Hexathelidae Theridiosomatidae 30 33.66 453 | 21.34 . 17 26 Table 3. Spider families representd in Africa by more than 25% of the described species of the world (30 families). Eresidae Ammoxenidae Cithaeronidae xyopidae onopidae There is a great diversity of spider families in Africa (79 families, >70%) although only 19% of the world described spider species are recorded from Africa. This continent needs more intensive studies. Reference Platnick, N.I. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 11.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html (June 11, 2010) 75 ane YS Vee ’ Te | atten. Tea hition BT 150.01) s : cons hae ii eto TBE. iT Qeteret Tees i MetaareT LER ee es Pe oA ah eeeenes iwit isn "Se Sstegotinoncaubind | Ue 152 eras * abudo: ca8) Dat ; ay 5 i, . * abt Pres Serket = Sarkat. American Museum of Natural History Received on: 03-08-11 SERKET SILY sy 12 3 Cairo - Egypt 01 4 7 ae vi ae ; Pare “ss “eae 1 ir ‘a i ty. rn SERKET Volume 12 Part 3 April, 2011 Cairo, Egypt Contents Page First record of Eresus algericus El-Hennawy, 2004 from Israel (Arachnida: Araneae) Karl-Hinrich Kielhorn tei New record species of Diaea Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Thomisidae) for the Turkish spider fauna, with a review of the Thomisidae of Turkey Zeyhan Uyar & Ismail H. Ugurtas 80 Two new theridiid records from Turkey (Theridiidae: Araneae) Tarik Danisman, Naim Oztiirk & M. Rifat Ulusoy 87 Notes on Spiders of Africa — II (Madagascar, Seychelles, Aldabra, Comoro Is., Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodriguez) Hisham K. El-Hennawy 91 Subscription for volume 12 (2010-2011): US $ 25.00 (personal rate), US $ 35.00 (institutional rate) Back issues : Volume | (1987-1990), Vol. 2 (1990-1992), Vol. 4 (1994-1996), Vol. 5 (1996-1997), Vol. 6 (1998-2000), Vol. 7 (2000-2001), Vol. 8 (2002-2003), Vol. 9 (2004-2005), 10 (2006-2007), 11 (2008-2009): US $ 25.00 (p.r.), US $35.00 (i.r.) per volume Volume 3 (1992-1993): US $35.00 (p.r.), US $ 45.00 (i.r.) Correspondence concerning subscription, back issues, publication, etc. should be addressed to the editor: Hisham K. El-Hennawy Postal address: 41, El-Mantega El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt. E-mail: el_hennawy@hotmail.com Webpage: http://serket2008.multiply.com eo a KK KK ISSN: 1110-502X ; c _ ; errno ry eT nin it }. * , slat oft io Weave idgal Inala ‘char we | rik q j niLit €3 fT ee? ou LAR Shieaw ’ ‘ 1» taal is 7 aks nc ee geo re CORP cae : (ata > ue oke ys: oo i. tA a ae iy wink RLF Alpesh ee ee ET dey ee ea (Ra gee tae WP 1 Sa Otis 5 0 wv vee doe aay pee toi 4 he Nee aiibeadl 4 ain ae eA par vf be n ut ~tiw 1 4¢ : i Mi if , 7 7 eee- a + aulpe ‘ Serket (2011) vol. 12(3): 77-79. First record of Eresus algericus El-Hennawy, 2004 from Israel (Arachnida: Araneae) Karl-Hinrich Kielhorn Albertstr. 10, 10827 Berlin, Germany E-mail: kh.kielhorn@gmx.de Abstract Eresus algericus El-Hennawy, 2004 is recorded from Israel for the first time. This is the second record of the species. The holotype was found in Algeria in 1903. Keywords: Araneae, Spiders, Eresidae, Israel. The genus Eresus Walckenaer, 1805 presently contains not more than 17 species (Platnick, 2010). Nevertheless, it is subject to recent taxonomic changes even in the well- known spider fauna of Central Europe (Rezaé ef al., 2008). Recently, Hisham El- Hennawy described a new Eresus-species based on a male specimen from the collection of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (El-Hennawy, 2004a). This spider was found in 1903 in Algeria. The second known specimen of this species, also a male, was collected in the Haluza sand dunes in Israel (leg. D.W. Wrase, 22.111.2008). The Haluza sand dune region (also spelled Khalutsa) lies near the town of Be’er Sheva in the North Western part of the Negev desert (coordinates: 31.066°N 34.466°E). The sand dunes of this region are quite old. The area is characterized by stabilized dunes, few shifting sand dunes and interdunes which are completely stabilized. The vegetation of the interdunes is dominated by the bush Anabasis articulata (Forsk.) (1. Renan i. litt.). Eresus algericus has a characteristic pattern of white rings and transverse lines on the abdomen (Figs. | and 2). The distal parts of the metatarsi, tibiae and patellae are covered with white hairs. A few differences in the patterns of white hairs between the two specimens can be noted. In the spider from Israel, the first transverse line on the abdomen tends to look more like a third pair of (compressed) rings. There is a large patch of white hair on the proximal end of the cephalic part of the carapace. The metatarsi | and II carry a band of white hair on the prolateral side. The main difference between the holotype and the specimen from Israel is their respective size. The spider from Israel has a total length of 6.5 mm, thus reaching only 60 percent of the 10.79 mm of the holotype. Strong variations in size are not unusual in Eresus spiders. Rezaé et al. (2008) report ranges of 2.6-4.2 mm for the carapace of male E. kollari Rossi, 1846 and 3.5—5.6 mm for E. moravicus Rezaé, 2008, respectively. The comparison of the palp of E. algericus (Figs. 1 and 2 in El-Hennawy, 2004a) with the palp of the specimen from Israel (Figs. 3 and 4) leaves no doubt that both specimens belong to the same species. Species of Eresus in the southern Mediterranean mostly have a restricted distribution area (El-Hennawy, 2004b, 2005; Platnick, 2010). Apparently the geographic range of E. algericus is much larger than previously thought. More records of this rare spider are needed to get a better picture of its distribution. 4 Figs. 1-4. Male of Eresus algericus El-Hennawy, 2004 (specimen from Israel). 1-2. Habitus, dorsal view 1. dry. 2. in alcohol. 3-4. left palp 3. prolateral view. 4. retrolateral view. Acknowledgments I would like to thank David W. Wrase (Berlin) for his help and the provision of the specimen, Ingolf Rédel (Lugau) for the photographs, Jacob Kielhorn (Berlin) for the editing of the photos, and Ittai Renan (Tel-Aviv) for information on the locality. 78 References El-Hennawy, H.K. 2004a. A new species of genus Eresus from Algeria (Araneida: Eresidae). Serket, 9(1): 1-4. El-Hennawy, H.K. 2004b. Review of spiders of genus Eresus in Egypt (Araneida: Eresidae). Serket, 9(1): 25-35. El-Hennawy, H.K. 2005. A new species of genus Eresus from Algeria and Tunisia (Araneida: Eresidae). Serker, 9(3): 87-90. Platnick, N.I. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 11.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.htm| Rezaé, M., Pekar, S. & Johannesen, J. 2008. Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae). Zoologica scripta, 37(3): 263-287. 79 Serket (2011) vol. 12(3): 80-86. New record species of Diaea Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Thomisidae) for the Turkish spider fauna, with a review of the Thomisidae of Turkey Zeyhan Uyar & Ismail H. Ugurtas Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Uludag University, TR-16059 Niliifer, Bursa, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: zeyhanuyar@gmail.com Abstract The spider species Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777) of family Thomisidae is recorded for the first time in Turkey. Its characteristic features, drawings of genitalia, and description are presented. In addition, this paper presents an updated annotated checklist of the Thomisidae of Turkey which includes 83 species. Keywords: Diaea dorsata, Thomisidae, Araneae, Spiders, new record, Turkey. Introduction Thomisids are small to median-sized spiders. Legs extending sideways in laterigrade position. First two pairs of legs stout and much longer than posterior pairs. They are all hunting spiders (Levy, 1985). Thomisidae is one of the largest spider families including 2146 species in 177 genera in the world (Platnick, 2011). In Turkey, 79 species of 14 genera are recorded (Topcu ef al., 2005; Bayram et al., 2010; Demir, 2008). Seven thomisid species are endemic in Turkey and most of them are known from a single or just a few localities. Genus Diaea includes 76 species all over the World, but only Diaea livens Simon, 1876 is known in Turkey (Bayram e/ al., 2002; Platnick, 2011). This is the first record of the species Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777) in Turkey. This record increases the number of Turkish species of Thomisidae to 83 belonging to 14 genera. Material and Methods Only one specimen was collected from Uluda& Mountain (Bursa province), Turkey (Fig. 1) by hand sampling. It was found on a plant. The specimen was preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the Zoological Museum of Department of Biology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey. For identification, Roberts (1995) and Nentwig e7 al. (2010) were used. A stereo microscope was used for examination. Epigynum/vulvae have been immersed for 15 minutes in 10% KOH solution before examination. Fig. 1. The locality from which the spider specimen was collected in Turkey. Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777) (Figs. 2-3) Material examined: Turkey: Bursa provice, Kirazlryayla (Uludag Mountein), 1505 m, 06.V11.2008, (12), coll. Z. Uyar. Description Measurements: Total body length 5.5 mm; carapace length 2.0 mm, width 1.9 mm; sternum length 0.9 mm, width 1.0 mm; abdomen length 3.5 mm, width 2.4 mm. Epigyne length 0.3 mm, width 0.4 mm. Legs (Table 1). Table 1: Legs measurements (mm). Patella | Tibia | Metatarsus The Carapace is green, as long as wide, circular shaped. Labium is longer than wide. Sternum is green. Anterior lateral eyes > posterior lateral eyes > anterior median eyes > posterior median eyes. Anterior and posterior lateral eyes are on the light small tubercle. Abdomen is oval, longer than wide, creamy in colour. The abdominal folium is reddish brown, in the centre with yellow design. The outline of the folium is dark while its centre is light. The venter of the abdomen is creamy with white patches. Legs are green, | and II are considerably longer than III and IV. Tarsus and metatarsus are greenish brown. Epigyne (Fig. 2) is pale, with a slightly concave anterior projection. Spermathecae (Fig. 3) are darker. 81 | 3 Figs. 2-3: Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777) 2. Female, epigyne, ventral view. 3. Female, vulvae, dorsal view. Habitat: This species was found on Cirsium sp. Distribution: Palaearctic (Platnick, 2011). Discussion The body size of our specimen is similar to that of European specimens (Roberts, 1995). The abdomen folium figured as D. dorsata from CSSR by Buchar & Thaler (1984) and from Spain by Urones (2000) is similar to our specimen. In addition, no significant differences have been determined in genital structures. The epigyne resembles those of European specimens. Diaea livens was the single species of the genus Diaea that has been recorded from Uludag Mountain in Turkey. Now, Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777) is also recorded from the same region in Turkey as well. This record increases the number of Turkish species of Diaea to two and the number of Turkish Thomisidae to 83 species (Table 2). Table 2: Annotated checklist of the Thomisidae of Turkey. The present checklist of the thomisid species of Turkey is mainly based on the data included in “The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey” Version 10.10 (Bayram e7 al., 2010); Bayram ef al., 2002; 2008; Demir, 2008; Demir ef al., 2009a, 2009b, 2010; Logunov, 2006; Topg¢u ef al., 2005; Yilmaz et al., 2009. Distribution in Turke Coriarachne depressa (C.L.Koch, 1837) Aegean Region Mediterranean Region Central Anatolia Region Cozyptila blackwalli (Simon, 1875) Aegean Region Marmara Region Cozyptila guseinovorum Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005 4 Cozyptila thaleri Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005 Central Anatolia Region Marmara Region 5 6 Diaea dorsata (Fabricius 1777) Marmara Region - new record Diaea livens Simon, 1876 Marmara Region Southeast Anatolia Region Fae Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) Central Anatolia Region 8 Heriaeus buffoni (Audouin, 1825) 82 eee Heriaeus graminicola (Doleschall, 1852) Central Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region 10 | Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819) Mediterranean Region Heriaeus setiger (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) Aegean Region Heriaeus simoni Kulczynski, 1903 Marmara Region Mediterranean Region ad Heriaeus spinipalpus Loerbroks, 1983 East Anatolia Region Aegean Region Marmara Region Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) Central Anatolia Region N Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Ozyptila claveata (Walckenaer, 1837) Ww So Runcinia grammica (C.L.Koch, 1837) Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Ozyptila ankarensis Karol, 1966 Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801) 2 Central Anatolia Region Ozyptila praticola (C.L.Koch, 1837) Aegean Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region. East Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772) Central Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Mediterranean Region Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) Central Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973 os Southeast Anatolia Region 2 Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Synema plorator (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) Marmara Region Mediterranean Region 83 Central Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region Ozyptila rauda Simon, 1875 West Black Sea Region Ozyptila tricoloripes Strand, 1913 East Anatolia Region Aegean Region Marmara Region 34 Southeast Anatolia Region 35__| Synema utotchkini Marusik & Logunov, 1995 Southeast Anatolia Region 36 | Thomisus citrinellus Simon, 1875 Black Sea Region 37 Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805 Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region 38 | Thomisus zyuzini Marusik & Logunov, 1990 Mediterranean Region 39 | Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802) Black Sea Region Southeast Anatolia Region 40 | Tmarus piochardi (Simon, 1866) Aegean Region vee 5 Southeast Anatolia Region 41 | Tmarus stellio Simon, 1875 Central Anatolia Region fee Marmara Region 42 | Xysticus abditus Logunov, 2006 Central Anatolia Region : Marmara Region 43 | Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872 Marmara Region Southeast Anatolia Region 44 | Xysticus anatolicus Demir, Aktas & Topcu, 2008 Central Anatolia Region 45 | Xysticus audax (Schrank, 1803) Marmara Region Mediterranean Region 46 | Xysticus bacurianensis Mcheidze, 1971 47 | Xysticus bifasciatus C.L.Koch, 1837 Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region Aegean Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region 48 | Xysticus bufo (Dufour, 1820) 49 | Xysticus caperatus Simon, 1875 = 50__| Xysticus cor Canestrini, 1873 Mediterranean Region 51 | Xysticus cribratus Simon, 1885 Central Anatolia Region 52 Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region East Black Sea Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region : West Black Sea Region Xysticus demirsoyi Demir, Topcu & Tiirkes, 2006 Central Anatolia Region : Xysticus edax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872 Mediterranean Region 5 S| Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834) East Anatolia Region 56 Xysticus ferrugineus Menge, 1876 Central Anatolia Region 57 Xysticus ferus O.P.-Cambridge, 1876 Aegean Region 58 | Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875 Central Anatolia Region 59 sti i 0 : Xysticus graecus C.L.Koch, 1837 Central Anatolia Region Marmara Region 6 Xysticus gymnocephalus Strand, 1915 Central Anatolia Region 61 | Xysticus kaznakovi Utochkin, 1968 Mediterranean Region 5 4 ———————————————— Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872 Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region West Black Sea Region Central Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region West Black Sea Region. Central Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region _ Southeast Anatolia Region Southeast Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Aegean Region East Black Sea Region West Black Sea Region Central Anatolia Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region Marmara Region Central Anatolia Region Marmara Region Mediterranean Region East Black Sea Region Mediterranean Region West Black Sea Region Xysticus thessalicus Simon, 1916 Aegean Region Central Anatolia Region 85 Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836) Xysticus macedonicus Silhavy, 1944 Xysticus ninnii Thorell, 1872 69 72 Xysticus nubilus Simon, 1875 Xysticus pseudolanio Wunderlich, 1995 73 | Xysticus pseudorectilineus (Wunderlich, 1995) Xysticus rectilineus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) Xysticus robustus (Hahn, 1832) Xysticus sabulosus (Hahn, 1832) Xysticus striatipes L.Koch, 1870 Xysticus thessalicoides Wunderlich, 1995 80 | Xysticus tristrami (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) Central Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region East Anatolia Region, Mediterranean Region Southeast Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region Central Anatolia Region Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) 1 82 | Xysticus viduus Kulczynski, 1898 83 | Xypsticus xerodermus Strand, 1913 References Bayram, A., Ozdag, S. & Kaya, R. 2002. New spider [Araneae] records for Turkey: Hyptiotes paradoxus (Koch C.L., 1834) [Uloboridae], Diaea pictilis (Banks, 1896) [Thomisidae], Alopecosa fabrilis (Clerck, 1757) [Lycosidae] and Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757) [Salticidae]. Israel Journal of Zoology, 48: 250-251. Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B., Ozgen, i., Bolu, H., Karol, S. & Danigman, T. 2008. A crab spider Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802) (Araneae: Thomisidae) new for Turkish Araneofauna. Turk. J. Arach., \(2): 141-144. Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danisman, T. 2010. The checklist of the spiders of Turkey (Araneae, Arachnida), version 10.1.0, online at http://www.spidersofturkey.com/home.php Buchar, J. & Thaler, T. 1984. Eine Zweite Diaea-Art in Mitteleuropa: Diaea pictilis (Araneida, Thomisidae). Vestn. csl. Spol. zool., 48: 1-8. Demir, H. 2008. An updated checklist of the Thomisidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks. Serket, 11(2): 37-50. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topcu, A. 2009a. New records of little-known species of Xysticus C. L. Koch , 1835 in Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 46: 99-102. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topcgu, A. 2009b. A new species of the genus Synema Simon, 1864 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Turkey. Biologia, 64/4: 742-744. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topgu, A. 2010. Additional notes on crab spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae and Philodromidae). Serket, 12(1): 17-22. Levy, G. 1985. Fauna Palaestina Arachnida II. Araneae: Thomisidae. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities: 114 p. Logunov, D.V. 2006. Notes on Xysticus kempeleni Thorell , 1872 and two closely related spider species (Araneae, Thomisidae). Acta Arachnologica, 55(1): 59-61. Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Gloor, D., Hanggi, A. & Kropf, C. 2010. Araneae Spinnen Europas. Version 10. An internet identification key. http://www.araneae.unibe.ch/speclist.php?gen=92 Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 11.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. Roberts, M.J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. Top¢u, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109-140. Urones, C. 2000. El género Diaea Thorell, 1869 (Araneae, Thomisidae) en la Peninsula Ibérica. Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 24(1-2): 85-96. Yilmaz, Z., Ugurtas, I.H. & Kaya, R.S. 2009. The Crab Spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) of Uludag Mountain. Journal of Biological & Environmental Sciences, 3(7): 11-16. 86 — Serket (2011) vol. 12(3): 87-90. Two new theridiid records from Turkey (Araneae: Theridiidae) Tarik Danisman ', Naim Oztiirk? & M. Rifat Ulusoy : . Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Kirikkale, 71450 Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey * Adana Plant Protection Research Institute, Yiiregir, Adana, Turkey ozturkn01@hotmail.com : Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey mrulusoy@cu.edu.tr Corresponding author e-mail address: tarikdanisman@yahoo.com.tr Abstract This short paper reports two theridiid species which are new for the Turkish araneo-fauna. The characteristic features and photographs of Theridion hannoniae Denis, 1944 and Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914 are presented. The total number of theridiid species recorded from Turkey is now 64. Keywords: Araneae, Theridiidae, Taxonomy, New records, Turkey. Introduction Theridiids are a large group of space-web builders found throughout the world. These spiders build irregular snares, from the threads of which they suspend themselves in an inverted position waiting for their prey. They have a comb of serrated bristles on the tarsus of the fourth leg. A total of 2310 species in 113 genera have been identified in the family Theridiidae all over the world (Platnick, 2011). Genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 is well studied in the Palaearctic and Mediterranean regions and hitherto 7 species have been known from Turkey (Bayram ef al., 2010). These species are 7: adrianopoli Drensky, 1915, 7. betteni Wiehle, 1960, 7. cinereum Thorell, 1875, 7. melanurum Hahn, 1831, 7. mystaceum L. Koch, 1870, T. pinastri L. Koch, 1872 and 7. varians Hahn, 1833. This paper deals with the characteristic features and distribution of 7. Aannoniae Denis, 1944 and 7. hemerobium Simon, 1914 adding two new species to the araneo-fauna of Turkey. Material and Methods The present study is based on the material deposited in the collection of the Arachnological Museum of Kirikkale University (KUAM). Two specimens were examined in this study. The specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol. Pictures were taken using a Leica S8APO microscope by means of the Leica DC 160 camera. The description of colour was based on live specimens. The epigyne was macerated in 10% KOH. The keys of Heimer & Nentwig (1991), Roberts (1995) and Tyschchenko (1971) were used. All measurements are in millimetres. Results 1. Theridion hannoniae Denis, 1944 (Figs. 1-4) Material examined: |, Alifakili village, Tarsus, Mersin, (N 36°54', E 34°58'), from a pomegranate garden, 21.11.2009; 699, Yahsihan, Kirikkale (N 39°50', E 33°30'), from a garden. 20.3.2010 (KUAM-THE.The.hann.0 1-07). Description of female: Body length: 1.7. Prosoma: length 0.6, width 0.6. Opisthosoma: length 1.1, width 1.0. Prosoma is yellowish dark brown. Legs are grey-white to yellowish, with dark annulations (Fig. 1). Opisthosoma is dorsally greyish brown to dark brown with white brighter spots, ventrally grey with 2 big brighter spots between epigyne and spinnerets (Fig. 2). Legs formula: I-IV-II-II] (Table 1). Epigynal cavity includes a copulatory orifices situated at the anterior edges. This cavity is surrounded by two longitudinal, sclerotised ridges roughly encircling a square. Receptacula seminis is slightly elongated or oval shaped (Fig. 3). Copulatory ducts diverge sideways forming a wider inwards coil and another small turn again before entering receptacula seminis (Fig 4). Table 1. Measurements of the legs of the female Theridion hannoniae. Distribution: Europe, North Africa, Madeira, Canary Is. (Platnick, 2011). 2. Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914 (Figs. 5-6) Material examined: 1,7, Pekmezci village, Kozan, Adana, (N 37°26', E 35°51'), from a garden, 01.04.2010; 1.4, Akarsu village, Tarsus, Mersin, (N 36°53', E 34°56'), from a pomegranate garden, 18.02.2009 (KUAM-THE.The.heme.01). Description of male: Body length: 2.5. Prosoma: length 1.2, width 0.9. Opisthosoma: length 1.3, width 1.2. Prosoma is light yellow with blackish median stripe, ocular area blackish. Opisthosoma with a whitish pattern, bordered with grey. 7. hemerobium has less contrast colours (Fig. 5). Legs formula: I-I-IV-III (Table 2). Conductor and median apophysis have diagnostic 88 shapes. Subtegulum is half of the bulbus. Bulbus with basin-shaped, terminal hooked conductor. Embolus is semicircular (Fig. 6). Table 2. Measurements of the legs of the male Theridion hemerobium. Patella Tibia | Metatarsus | Tarsus ea <7 Cee sola P09 | oe | 0 Figs. 1-4. Female of Theridion hannoniae Denis, 1944. 1. Habitus, dorsal view, 2. ventral view (scale = | mm). 3. Epigyne, ventral view, 4. vulvae, dorsal view (scale = 0.1 mm). 89 Figs. 5-6. Male of Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914. 5. Habitus, dorsal view (scale = | mm). 6. Pedipalp, ventral view (scale = 0.1 mm). References Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danisman, T. 2010. The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey (Araneae; Arachnida), version 10.1.0, online at http://www.spidersofturkey.com/home.php Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 11.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. Roberts, M.J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. Tyschchenko, V.P. 1971, Identification Key to Spiders of the European USSR. Opred Faune USSR, 105, Leningrad, 281 pp. 90 Serket (2011) vol. 12(3): 91-112. Notes on Spiders of Africa — I (Madagascar, Seychelles, Aldabra, Comoro Is., Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodriguez) Hisham K. El-Hennawy 41, El-Mantega El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract This is the second step in the way of assessment of spiders of Africa. It is devoted to the spiders of the islands at the eastern side of the continent, i.e. Madagascar, Seychelles, Aldabra, Comoro Is., Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodriguez. The 60 families, 320 genera, and 847 species/subspecies recorded from these islands are listed in addition to the endemic species of each island. Keywords: Spiders, Araneae, Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, Aldabra, Comoro Is., Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez. Introduction This work depends, as its predecessor (El-Hennawy, 2010), on "The world spider catalog" (Platnick, 2010) in addition to the papers of Gertsch & Ennik (1983) and Knoflach & van Harten (2002) for the records of both Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) and Latrodectus geometricus C.L. Koch, 1841 from Madagascar. The families, genera, and species/subspecies recorded from these islands are alphabetically arranged in Table (1). The sum of spider genera and species of each family are arranged in Table (2), in addition to the sum of endemic species. In Table (3), the sum of families, genera and species of spiders of each island/s, in addition to the sum of endemic species are recorded. The sum of spider genera and species of African islands at the eastern side of the continent are arranged within families in Table (4). The aim of this work is to facilitate the assessment of spiders of the African islands at the eastern side of the continent and the comparison between them and the main continent. Abbreviations used: E = endemic species/subspecies, G = genera, Sp = species/subspecies. Table 1. Spider species of African islands at the eastern side of the continent. Agelenidae Agelena borbonica Vinson, 1863 Araneidae Acantharachne giltayi Lessert, 1938 A. madecassa Emerit, 2000 A. milloti Emerit, 2000 Acrosomoides acrosomoides (O. P.- Cambridge, 1879) Arachnura scorpionoides Vinson, 1863 Araneus amygdalaceus (Keyserling, 1864) A. kraepelini (Lenz, 1891) . lenzi (Roewer, 1942) . madagascaricus (Strand, 1908) . margitae (Strand, 1917) . nossibeus (Strand, 1907) Other Countries Aldabra Mauritius el sfefes || madagascar el Seychelles me _ pallescens (Lenz, 1891) . saccalava (Strand, 1907) A. sambava (Strand, 1907) Argiope comorica Bjorn, 1997 Sa eS fre SO re Se rea eS i A. coquereli (Vinson, 1863) A. ranomafanensis Bjorn, 1997 Augusta glyphica (Guérin, 1839) Caerostris cowani Butler, 1882 C. ecclesiigera Butler, 1882 C. ecclesiigera Butler, 1882 _C. hirsuta (Simon, 1895) EE Fe 4 EREE a | | +] gi EI C. mayottensis Grasshoff, 1984 C. mitralis (Vinson, 1863) entral Africa C. sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) Chorizopes antongilensis Emerit, 1997 C. madagascariensis Emerit, 1997 Coelossia trituberculata Simon, 1903 Cyclosa hova Strand, 1907 C. quavansea Roberts, 1983 | C. sanctibenedicti (Vinson, 1863) Cyphalonotus columnifer Simon, 1903 Cyrtarachne grubei (Keyserling, 1864) C. ixoides (Simon, 1870) lea = ; C. madagascariensis Emerit, 2000 Exechocentrus lancearius Simon, 1889 (e Africa Gasteracantha clarki Emerit, 1974 G. rhomboidea Guérin, 1838 G. r. comorensis Strand, 1917 G. r. madagascariensis Vinson, 1863 G. rufithorax Simon, 1881 a G. sanguinolenta andrefanae Emerit, 1974 G. s. bigoti Emerit, 1974 G. s. emeriti Roberts, 1983 G. s. insulicola Emerit, 1974 G. s. mangrovae Emerit, 1974 G. thorelli Keyserling, 1864 G. versicolor avaratrae Emerit, 1974 G. v. formosa Vinson, 1863 Isoxya cowani (Butler, 1882) I. mahafalensis Emerit, 1974 I. milloti Emerit, 1974 I. reuteri (Lenz, 1886) || E Bae | Kilima decens (Blackwall, 1866) ae ball Southern Africa | Larinia dasia (Roberts, 1983) || aoe Pee | L. tamatave (Grasshoff, 1971) TE * [| [| yvitllinveaent sn Y- | | Nemoscolus waterloti Berland, 1920 | * |__| aetna cwcutl~| | Neoscona angulatula (Schenkel, 1937) | * | | * | mito eee |. cereolella (Strand, 1907) dT * {| | CC nce N. quincasea Roberts, 1983 == Central, Southern Africa N. triangula mensamontella (Strand, 1907) eon eas sa At | Paraplectana walleri (Blackwall, 1865) = est, Central frica > Pararaneus uncivulva (Strand, 1907) Parmatergus coccinelloides Emerit, P. c. ambrae Emerit, 1994 P. lens Emerit, 1994 Pasilobus antongilensis Emerit, 2000 P. capuroni Emerit, 2000 Poltys horridus Locket, 1980 P. kochi Keyserling, 1864 P. reuteri Lenz, 1886 P. vesicularis Simon, 1889 Prasonica albolimbata Simon, 1895 P. anarillea Roberts, 1983 P. seriata Simon, 1895 Prasonicella cavipalpis Grasshoff, 1971 P. marsa Roberts, 1983 Pronous tetralobus Simon, 1895 Pycnacantha fuscosa Simon, 1903 Thelacantha brevispina (Doleschall, 1857) . | \O BS * Congo. Yemen Africa India to Philippines. Australia Archaeidae Afrarchaea fisheri Lotz, 2003 A. godfreyi (Hewitt, 1919) A. mahariraensis Lotz, 2003 Eriauchenius ambre Wood, 2008 E. anabohazo Wood, 2008 E. borimontsina Wood, 2008 South Africa 93 bourgini (Millot, 1948) gracilicollis (Millot, 1948) griswoldi Wood, 2008 halambohitra Wood, 2008 Jeanneli (Millot, 1948) lavatenda Wood, 2008 legendrei (Platnick, 1991) . hamoroka Wood, 2008 _ pauliani (Legendre, 1970) . ratsirarsoni (Lotz, 2003) . Spiceri Wood, 2008 . tsingyensis (Lotz, 2003) . vadoni (Millot, 1948) . voronakely Wood, 2008 . workmani O. P.-Cambridge, 1881 Barychelidae cod icoiicol teoifcod coll colicol (colitis alt Tisa) 1968) Idioctis intertidalis (Benoit & Legendre, Sason sechellanum Simon, 1898 Tigidia alluaudi (Simon, 1902) T. bastardi (Simon, 1902) 7. dubia (Strand, 1907) T. majori (Pocock, 1903) * T. mathiauxi (Simon, 1902) T. mauriciana Simon, 1892 T. processigera (Strand, 1907) T. typica (Strand, 1907) Zophoryctes flavopilosus Simon, 1902 Clubionidae Carteronius argenticomus (Keyserling, 1877) C. fuscus Simon, 1896 C. vittiger Simon, 1896 Clubiona alluaudi Simon, 1898 C. hitchinsi Saaristo, 2002 *_ hoffmanni Schenkel, 1937 * mahensis Simon, 1893 alalca ”. nemorum Ledoux, 2004 C. nigromaculosa Blackwall, 1877 Corinnidae Castianeira majungae Simon, 1896 Cetonana aculifera (Strand, 1916 Copa auroplumosa Strand, 1907 C. lineata Simon, 1903 Corinna nossibeensis Strand, 1907 | Orthobula impressa Simon, 1897 Q. sicca Simon, 1903 Paccius angulatus Platnick, 2000 P. elevatus Platnick, 2000 P. griswoldi Platnick, 2000 Myrmecotypus scrobiculata Thorell, 1881 India, Taiwan. Seychelles to Philippines Sri Lanka \O & P. madagascariensis (Simon, 1889) P. mucronatus Simon, 1898 P. quadridentatus Simon, 1898 P. quinteri Platnick, 2000 P. scharffi Platnick, 2000 Ctenidae Anahita zoroides Schmidt & Krause, 1994 Apolania segmentata Simon, Mahafalytenus fo Silva, 2007 M. fohy Silva, 2007 A I M. hafa Silva, 2007 ata «| bE | M. isalo Silva, 2007 M. osy Silva, 2007 M. paosy Silva, 2007 M. tsilo Silva, 2007 Trogloctenus briali Ledoux, 2004 Viridasius fasciatus (Lenz, 1886) Vulsor bidens Simon, 1889 V. isaloensis (Ono, 1993) V. penicillatus Simon, 1896 V. quartus Strand, 1907 V. quintus Strand, 1907 V. septimus Strand, 1907 V. sextus Strand, 1907 Ctenizidae Conothele truncicola Saaristo, 2002 ‘2 Cyatholipidae | ~~ WO oo ‘Oo oo E ale 4 B EE EE hy > =I ° ) Alaranea alba Griswold, 1997 A. ardua Griswold, 1997 A. betsileo Griswold, 1997 A. merina Griswold, 1997 Ulwembua antsiranana Griswold, 1997 U. nigra Griswold, 2001 U_ranomafana Griswold, 1997 Vazaha toamasina Griswold, 1997 Deinopidae Deinopis madagascariensis Lenz, 1886 Desidae Desis crosslandi Pocock, 1903 Dipluridae Thelechoris rutenbergi Karsch, 1881 T. striatipes (Simon, 1889) Eresidae Stegodyphus mimosarum Pavesi, 1883 ‘ S. simplicifrons Simon, 1906 es * East, Southern Africa Filistatidae Andoharano decaryi (Fage, 1945) | A. milloti Legendre, 1971 | Pritha heikkii Saaristo, 1978 95 P. sechellana Benoit, 1978 Gallieniellidae Gallieniella betroka Platnick, 1984 G. blanci Platnick, 1984 G. jocquei Platnick, 1984 G. mygaloides Millot, 1947 Legendrena angavokely Platnick, 1984 L. perinet Platnick, 1984 L. rolandi Platnick, 1984 L. rothi Platnick, 1995 L. spiralis Platnick, 1995 L. steineri Platnick, 1990 L. tamatave Platnick, 1984 Gnaphosidae Camillina aldabrae (Strand, 1907) | C. cordifera (Tullgren, 1910) | C. fiana Platnick & Murphy, 1987 | * || oT * | | C. tsima Platnick & Murphy, 1987 | * | [TT Drassodes malagassicus (Butler, 1879) Microdrassus inaudax (Simon, 1898) fall Ta Pe Central, Southern Africa, Borneo Central, Southern Africa (oll aeer alin be -Odontodrassus aphanes (Thorell, 1897) Poecilochroa malagassa Strand, 1907 Myanmar to Japan, New Caledonia. Jamaica Scotophaeus nossibeensis Strand, 1907 Xerophaeus oceanicus Schmidt & Jocqué, 1983 Zelotes bastardi (Simon, 1896) Hahniidae Alistra personata Ledoux, 2004 Hersiliidae Hersilia aldabrensis Foord & Dippenaar- Schoeman, 2006 H. eloetsensis Foord & Dippenaar- Schoeman, 2006 H. insulana Strand, 1907 H. tamatavensis Foord & Dippenaar- Schoeman, 2006 Zimbabwe, South Africa H. vinsoni Lucas, 1869 Prima ansieae Foord, 2008 Idiopidae Genysa bicalcarata Simon, 1889 G. decorsei (Simon, 1902) Hiboka geayi Fage, 1922 Scalidognathus seticeps Karsch, 1891 Linyphiidae Afroneta longipalpis Ledoux & Attié, 2008 Comorella spectabilis Jocqué, 1985 Erigone convalescens Jocqué, 1985 Helsdingenia extensa (Locket, 1968) | Labullula annulipes Strand, 1913 I * St. Helena. Africa Cameroon, Centra ‘Oo ion) SE eee ee ee Africa, Angola | Lepthyphantes louettei Jocqué, 1985 || | Meioneta alboguttata Jocqué.1985_ || | M. flandroyae Jocqué, 1985 | | M. pogonophora Locket, 1968 |_| * | |M. tinctaJocqué, 1985 | Metaleptyphantes perexiguus (Simon & fem ie EE ngola Africa Fage, 1922) M. praecipuus Locket, 1968 Lf Microbathyphantes palmarius (Marples, bas “i 1955) | Microlinyphia cylindriformis Jocqué, 1985 |_| __ etic = - Angola Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Polynesia Malaysia ai | B. seychellensis (Bristowe, 1973) | G. urbana hova (Strand, 1907) Hognoides urbanides (Strand, 1907) Es Lycosa madagascariensis Vinson, 1863 = 4 | L. signata Lenz, 1886 2 [4 Ocyale fera Strand, 1908 Pardosa cinerascens (Roewer, 1951) A - * S * Tricassa madagascariensis Jocqué & ss Alderweireldt, 2001 P. vinsoni (Roewer, 1951) P. zorimorpha (Strand, 1907) ca P. andasibe Raven, 2001 ca P. goodmani Griswold & Ledford, 2001 Migidae Micromesomma cowani Pocock, 1895 : Moggridgea nesiota Griswold, 1987 Paramigas alluaudi (Simon, 1903) P. milloti Griswold & Ledford, 2001 P. oracle Griswold & Ledford, 2001 P. macrops Griswold & Ledford, 2001 P. manakambus Griswold & Ledford, 2001 P, P. pectinatus Griswold & Ledford, 2001 P. perroti (Simon, 1891) P. rothorum Griswold & Ledford, 2001 LJ feed eat | P. pauliani (Dresco & Canard, 1975) | * i! ithe i ay Thyropoeus malagasus (Strand, 1908) Ph al e-on| calle pened T. mirandus Pocock, 1895 Pt ah — ee hea Mimetidae Ero comorensis Emerit, 1996 E. lokobeana Emerit, 1996 E. madagascariensis Emerit, 1996 Mimetus comorensis Schmidt & Krause, - 1994 M. madacassus Emerit, 1996 agen oem mn eee | |p Miturgidae Cheiracanthium africanum Lessert, 1921 C. furculatum Karsch, 1879 EE Africa Cape Verde Is., Africa a C. inclusum (Hentz, 1847) C. insulare (Vinson, 1863) C. leucophaeum Simon, 1897 Mysmenidae Anjouanella comorensis Baert, 1986 Microdipoena elsae Saaristo, 1978 Nemesiidae Entypesa annulipes (Strand, 1907) * ial E. nebulosa Simon, 1902 mmm iat Nephilidae Clitaetra episinoides Simon, 1889 ‘ : He aia! a c EE Zz oO = 5 es a > =i fe) p ee * C. perroti Simon, 1894 Nephila comorana Strand, 1916 | N. inaurata (Walckenaer, 1841) N. i. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863) * * aie South Africa to Seychelles N. komaci Kuntner & Coddington, 2009 | | | |__| South Africa N. pilipes malagassa (Strand, 1907) N. senegalensis hildebrandti Dahl, 1912 Nephilengys borbonica (Vinson, 1863) Nesticidae Nesticella sechellana (Simon, 1898) Ochyroceratidae Euso muehlenbergi (Saaristo, 1998) Ouette ouette Saaristo, 1998 Roche roche Saaristo, 1998 Oonopidae Aridella bowleri Saaristo, 2002 Brignolia cubana Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1983 Cousinea keeleyi Saaristo, 2001 Diblemma donisthorpei O. P.-Cambridge, 1908 G. insularis Simon, 1907 Mascarene Is. Britain (introduced) Madeira. Bioko, Sado Tomé, St. Helena. Yemen G. mornensis Benoit, 1979 Ischnothyrella jivani (Benoit, 1979) SEs Ischnothyreus serpentinum Saaristo,2001 | | * | ae aE we apres Cuba, Yemen pee we fie | pa ga PiaP some B E B O. sechellorum Benoit, 1979 Patri david (Benoit, 1979) Prida sechellensis (Benoit, 1979) Silhouettella curieusei Benoit, 1979 Oxyopidae Hostus paroculus Simon, 1898 Se (introduced) ES SS) ae oS aa i a | a OR (a ee oe NOs aD a ee ee ee ESS Se ee a a ee ee a oT ele ia a i ee ee ee ee eee Js )60 Soe a ee eee eer ee EE ep Pe eee . veli (| ae ae el ee ee ee SS CEC) ae | Oonopinus kilikus Suman, 1965 | dT * | OT CTT | Opopaea probosciella Saaristo,2001_ || =f * | [ [| [| [| [| Persisouenci(Bencit, 197) Ie Oxyopes dumonti (Vinson, 1863) Ethiopia, Congo. East Africa L. veli Saaristo, 2002 Pelicinus mahei (Benoit, 1979) Stenoonops opisthornatus Benoit, 1979 | ° 4 ° O. maureen Saaristo, 2001 ps . Yemen to South Africa, St. Helena O. pallidecoloratus Strand, 1906 Peucetia lucasi (Vinson, 1863) H. lucida Simon, 1898 Steriphopus lacertosus Simon, 1898 Philodromidae Philodromus niveus Vinson, 1863 Thanatus philodromicus Strand, 1916 Pholcidae Cenemus culiculus (Simon, 1898 C. mikehilli Saaristo, 2002 C. silhouette Saaristo, 2001 Crossopriza nigrescens Millot, 1946 * Leptopholcus sakalavensis Millot, 1946 Ninetis toliara Huber & El-Hennawy, 2007 Paramicromerys betsileo Huber, 2003 P. coddingtoni Huber, 2003 P. marojejy Huber, 2003 99 P. megaceros (Millot, 1946) ial Da aed ed ee ker P. nampoinai Huber, 2003 Pe a P. quinteri Huber, 2003 Pet) |] soe lose 1 one a P_ rabeariveloi Huber, 2003 et Teri) ibe eae P_ ralamboi Huber, 2003 i coe ire P. rothorum Huber, 2003 Lr mio fe P. scharffi Huber, 2003 in a A Pholcus lambertoni Millot, 1946 nnn. Smeringopus madagascariensis Millot, 1946] * | | 2 |__ Prvel| seahpoe Nevin ea | Spermophora jocquei Huber, 2003" Tl | S. lambilloni Huber, 2003 a | ee i Re ee eee S. vyvato Huber, 2003 hai are eee Spermophorides lascars Saaristo, 2001 Tl | * ie ea | Zatavua analalava Wuber,2003 “| |) =) || St ae Z. andrei (Millot, 1946) [Thos hele ae Z. ankaranae (Millot, 1946) TT Dt aa |Z. fagei (Millot, 1946) = |—--+-}+-+—}— Z. griswoldi Huber, 2003 * | __ Lord) alan erie ear ee imerinensis (Millot, 1946) Ten ier Z. impudica (Millot, 1946) ME mn mmin = . Z. isalo Huber, 2003 Teal il a Z. kely Huber, 2003 eT | ay Jiostl aiticed ie a Z. madagascariensis (Fage, 1945) Tl - | ll ae ree eee Z. punctata (Millot, 1946) ig Z. talatakely Huber, 2003 rey |_| eer lke |Z: tamatave uber, 2003, | eT |Z. voahangyae Huber, 2003") "8. an a | Z. vohiparara Huber, 2003" al | al lee |Z. zanahary Huber, 20030 Wi 1 a Phyxelididae ised Ambohima pauliani Griswold, 1990 Ka ak Ge A. sublima Griswold, 1990 = Phyxelida fanivelona Griswold, 1990 el | J) eee P. malagasyana Griswold, 1990 rie [| | Cea actress ak aaa Ca [| | hn eal aa Caripetella madagascariensis (Lenz, 1886) | * = | Dolomedes saccalavus Strand, 1907 |_| * {|/ |__|) S| aay) aiel an ee [ Hala impigra Jocqué, 1994) | * |) | | | H. paulyi Jocqué; 1994... | | Hygropoda borbonica (Vinson, 1863) [| H. madagascarica Strand, 1907 Ee Hypsithylla linearis Simon, 1903 eee. ae Maypacius bilineatus (Pavesi, 1895) ar ek ee M. vittiger Simon, 1898 MEM Mma meio Paracladycnis vis Blandin, 1979 +i) | | | [ited i Perenethis simoni (Lessert, 1916) fri a) | 1 * | | det J oni Ransonia mahasoana Blandin, 1979 * | | || cele oloaril s sania iene aaa an Tallonia picta Simon, 1889 [si]. |__| a a Thalassiopsis vachoni Roewer, 1955 ¥4 [ |__| poe ipa aca Thalassius esimoni Sierwald, 1984 * | | |. ei pa Prodida stella Saaristo, 2002 SS Prodidomus revocatus Cooke, 1964 Fos t. 3 Salticidae Aelurillus madagascariensis Azarkina, 2009| * Asemonea ornatissima Peckham & Wheeler, 1889 Bavia albolineata Peckham & Peckham, * 1885 PS] | Baviola braueri Simon, 1898 | | * | | B.luteosignata Wanless, 1984 || * | Brettus madagascarensis (Peckham & Peckham, 1903) Carrhotus bellus Wanless, 1984 C. harringtoni Proszynski, 1992 C. sannio (Thorell, 1877) S ; ‘ ‘J Cynapes canosus Simon, 1900 * > ry ° * India to Sulawesi Cyrba legendrei Wanless, 1984 Echinussa imerinensis Simon, 1901 Goleta peckhami Simon, 1900 Harmochirus bianoriformis (Strand, 1907) entral, East frica C A H. mahensis Wanless, 1984 H. rufociliatus Simon, 1898 Heliophanus activus (Blackwall, 1877) H. eccentricus Ledoux, 2007 Z2ae ECO ee Zimbabwe pf fff ff 3 Se ee ie {ee ete es Se ae Sef SoutAtica | = St SS eS LS eee Poppies rica he Os loon iN) aoe ae VEE Ee 2 eee 10] | H. cingulata Simon, 1886 dT * TT CT H. frenata (Simon, 1900) fe lt —H H. georgius (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) ited H. pullata Wanless, 1981 (cae fe 4 H. striolata Simon, 1898 | ae [el [Poole aa | Hi. sulcata Wanless, 1081) aan Dee a ieee eee H. tenuis Wanless, 1981 ee feat Hyllus acutus (Blackwall, 1877) et * H. albomarginatus (Lenz, 1886) H. albooculatus (Vinson, 1863) (eae a a H. bifasciatus Ono, 1993 [Ps | een apres 9 = | H. lugubrellus Strand, 1908 ‘s H. lugubris (Vinson, 1863) H. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863) H. macfarlanei Wanless, 1981 * * (2) entral, East. outhern Africa DN H. nossibeensis Strand, 1907 H. vinsoni (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) H. virgillus Strand, 1907 * L. minor Ledoux, 2007 L. nova Ledoux, 2007 Macopaeus spinosus Simon, 1900 Meleon insulanus Logunov & Azarkina, | 2008 M. madagascarensis (Wanless, 1978) M. raharizonina Logunov & Azarkina, 2008 Lh | Lophostica mauriciana Simon, 1902 |_| || * ee M. russata (Simon, 1900) M. golovatchi Logunov, 2000 | M. madagascarensis Logunov, 2009 M. nigritarsus Logunoy, 2000 M. saaristoi Logunov, 2000 He] Myrmarachne andringitra Wanless, 1978 4 Pico cna gE M. constricta (Blackwall, 1877) M. cowani (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) _M. diegoensis Wanless, 1978 M. electrica (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) M. eugenei Wanless, 1978 M. eumenes (Simon, 1900) + M. peckhami Roewer, 1951 M. ransoni Wanless, 1978 >) ieee et Ee | - FERRE RERI SRE aRRRE C A Southern Africa hina, Vietnam frica | P. armata Peckham & Peckham, 1894 | * | P.astina Andriamalala,2007__— | * _P. boritandroka Andriamalala, 2007__|_* | | P. foty Andriamalala, 2007__— | * | P. graminicola Ledoux,2007__— | | _P. griswoldi Andriamalala, 2007_—| * |__| 5 taveandroka Anéveralale, 2007 _t +] a oe P. maingoka Andriamalala, 2007 P. manjelatra Andriamalala, 2007 P. mazavaloha Andriamalala, 2007 P. mihaingo Andriamalala, 2007 P. mitohy Andriamalala, 2007 P. ngeroka Andriamalala, 2007 P. ombimanga Andriamalala, 2007 | Pandisus decorus Wanless, 1980 | * | || _P. modestus (Peckham & Wheeler, 1889) | * | | | [| eet P. grammicus Simon, 1902 P. grandidieri Simon, 1902 P. leucolophus Simon, 1902 Pochyta albimana Simon, 1902 Poessa argenteofrenata Simon, 1902 Portia schultzi Karsch, 1878 Central, East. Southern Africa Pseudemathis trifida Simon, 1902 Pseudicius seychellensis Wanless, 1984 P. unicus (Peckham & Peckham, 1894) Sadies castanea Ledoux, 2007 S. fulgida Wanless, 1984 S. gibbosa Wanless, 1984 S. seychellensis Wanless, 1984 S. trifasciata Wanless, 1984 Salpesia soricina Simon, 1901 Salticus coronatus (Camboué, 1887) Thyene inflata (Gerstacker, 1873) T. tamatavi (Vinson, 1863) T. varians Peckham & Peckham, 1901 Tomobella andasibe (Maddison & Zhang, 2006 T. fotsy Sziits & Scharff, 2009 Tomocyrba barbata Simon, 1900 T. berniae Sziits & Scharff, 2009 T. decollata Simon, 1900 T. griswoldi Sziits & Scharff, 2009 T. thaleri Sziits & Scharff, 2009 T. ubicki Sziits & Scharff, 2009 Africa i=) Lo Scytodidae Scytodes bertheloti Lucas, 1838 S. oswaldi Lenz, 1891 S. pholcoides Simon, 1898 S. socialis Miller, 2006 | Soeuria soeur Saaristo, 1997 Mediterranean to Turkmenistan Segestriidae Ariadna ustulata Simon, 1898 Segestria madagascarensis Keyserling, 1877 Selenopidae Anyphops benoiti Corronca, 1998 Garcorops jocquei Corronca, 2003 G. madagascar Corronca, 2003 * G. paulyi Corronca, 2003 Hovops dufouri (Vinson, 1863) H. legrasi (Simon, 1887) H. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863) H. modestus (Lenz, 1886) H. pusillus (Simon, 1887) | H. mariensis (Strand, 1908) | *# | TT EE g E fy Selenops comorensis Schmidt & Krause, 1994 S. ivohibe Corronca, 2005 S. secretus Hirst, 1911 S. vigilans Pocock, 1898 Sicariidae Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) Sparassidae Chrosioderma albidum Simon, 1897 C. analalava Silva, 2005 C. havia Silva, 2005 C. mahavelona Silva, 2005 C. mipentinapentina Silva, 2005 West. Central. East Africa Cosmopolitan C. namoroka Silva, 2005 C. roaloha Silva, 2005 C. soalala Silva, 2005 | Damastes atrignathus Strand, 1908 C. ranomafana Silva, 2005 D. coquereli Simon, 1880 D.c. affinis Strand, 1907 D. decoratus (Simon, 1897) D. fasciolatus (Simon, 1903) D. flavomaculatus Simon, 1880 D. majungensis Strand, 1907 D. malagassus (Fage, 1926) =>) & Megaloremmius leo Simon, 1903 Olios coenobitus Fage, 1926 O. erraticus Fage, 1926 O. lamarcki (Latreille, 1806) Madagascar to Sri Lanka, India | al g Ei «| Pleorotus braueri Simon, 1898 Stiphidiidae Ischalea incerta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877) I. longiceps Simon, 1898 Symphytognathidae Synaphridae Africepheia madagascariensis Miller, 2007 S. wiljoi Saaristo, 1978 Telemidae Seychellia lodoiceae Brignoli, 1980 Tengellidae Calamistrula evanescens Dahl, 1901 ‘g Tetrablemmidae Shearella browni (Shear, 1978) Tetrablemma benoiti (Brignoli, 1978) Diphya pumila Simon, 1889 Dolichognatha comorensis (Schmidt & Dyschiriognatha argyrostilba (O. P.- | Leucauge argyrescens Benoit, 1978 | | * |__| _L. comorensis Schmidt & Krause, 1993 ||| * Cameroon to Egypt, St. Helena 105 _L. leche Strand, 190804 Be, Es) ss) ale L. moheliensis Schmidt & Krause, 1993. | | | |* {| [| |. L. tetragnathella Strand, 1907 feeecc L. undulata (Vinson, 1863) hahaa Mecynometa gibbosa Schmidt & Krause, ie a : 1993 Mesida thorelli (Blackwall, 1877) apa M. t. mauritiana (Simon, 1898) me Oe i | Orsinome vorkampiana Strand, 1907 a ee Be Pachygnatha longipes Simon, 1894 i | Bl et P. mucronata comorana Schmidt & Krause, ae 1993 Pholcipes bifurcochelis Schmidt & Krause, ir ie Sthiopia, East frica 1993 Tetragnatha boydi O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 s T. b. praedator Tullgren, 1910 ee ee T. ceylonica O. P.-Cambridge, 1869 2 South Africa to Philippines, New Britain South Africa. Australia to Tonga T. demissa L. Koch, 1872 rat ig T. maralba Roberts, 1983 T. nigrigularis Simon, 1898 me 3) T. protensa Walckenaer, 1841 * ef strandi melanogaster Schmidt & Krause, 1993 Tylorida mornensis (Benoit, 1978) Theraphosidae | Encyocrates raffrayi Simon, 1892 a Mascaraneus remotus Gallon, 2005 * Monocentropus lambertoni Fage, 1922 ack (a a se Nesiergus gardineri (Hirst, 1911) eet te aa N. halophilus Benoit, 1978 (Sava steal beeen sam Ulcer hs N. insulanus Simon, 1903 one Sore) eles | Phoneyusa bouvieri Berland, 1917 | * {| | TT Theridiidae | Achaearanea alboinsignita Locket, 1980 Madagascar to Australia. New Caledonia. Palau Anelosimus amelie Agnarsson, 2009 A. andasibe Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 +t A. decaryi (Fage, 1930) i ie a = Pe | A. may Agnarsson, 200505 1 1) SNS) A. nazariani Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 if cso eed le | irs! fas = ie) ies ial) oe A, placens (Blackwall, 1877) er oh A. sallee Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 Faia ren Oe 9 A. salut Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 fer i ea A. vondrona Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2005 at Argyrodella pusillus (Saaristo, 1978) Pee Argyrodes abscissus O. P.-Cambridge, 1880 A. argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1841) pi Mediterranean to _ SSS aii ee S ; West Africa A. zonatus (Walckenaer, 1841) Asygyna coddingtoni Agnarsson, 2006 (= ad fanaa Wanda Rove. (Rt sr - ee Mozambique * nail |_| East Africa, Bioko D. pristea Roberts, 1983 D. transversisulcata Strand, 1908 Euryopis helcra Roberts, 1983 Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch, 1841 L. menavodi Vinson, 1863 Phoroncidia aurata O. P.-Cambridge, 1877 P. quadrispinella Strand, 1907 Cosmopolitan Cape Verde Is. P. rubroargentea Berland, 1913 Phycosoma excisum (Simon, 1889) India, China, Korea, Ryukyu Is., Philippines P. martinae (Roberts, 1983) R. recurvata (Saaristo, 1978) T. leve Blackwall, 1877 T. mehlum Roberts, 1983 T. melanostictum O. P.-Cambridge, 1876 Kenya, Yemen Mediterranean, China, Japan, USA, Canada, Hispaniola T. nagorum Roberts, 1983 T. palanum Roberts, 1983 T. puellae Locket, 1980 T. quadrilineatum Lenz, 1886 con) —~ Theridula perlata Simon, 1889 T. theriella Strand, 1907 T. aureosignata (Lenz, 1891) 7. inaurata (Vinson, 1863) 7. pulcherrima Butler, 1882 Tidarren apartiolum Knoflach & van | Harten, 2006 T. horaki Knoflach & van Harten, 2006 Theridiosomatidae Andasta benoiti (Roberts, 1978) A. siltte Saaristo, 1996 Zoma zoma Saaristo, 1996 Thomisidae Apyretina catenulata (Simon, 1903) A. nigra (Simon, 1903) A. pentagona (Simon, 1895) T. dasyglossa Knoflach & van Harten, 2006 aE T. ephemerum Knoflach & van Harten, 2006 2 SS ae T. obtusum Knoflach & van Harten, 2006 Ee a a rs ie en Thwaitesia argenteosquamata (Lenz, 1891) ESR RRR el hee Ee el eee ere oso pant amen Cot Babe LA | eS SS eee ee sere teal | Pee calle cen | (aed eae pow ea fe: * * A. quinquenotata (Simon, 1903) A. tessera (Simon, 1903) Cyriogonus fuscitarsis Strand, 1908 C. lactifer Simon, 1886 C. rutenbergi (Karsch, 1881) C. simoni Lenz, 1891 C. triquetrus Simon, 1886 C. vinsoni (Thorell, 1875) Diaea nakajimai Ono, 1993 Emplesiogonus scutulatus Simon, 1903 F-insularis (Blackwall, 1877) Geraesta bilobata Simon, 1897 Herbessus decorsei Simon, 1903 Iphoctesis echinipes Simon, 1903 Lampertia pulchra Strand, 1907 Ledouxia alluaudi (Simon, 1898) Phrynarachne clavigera Simon, 1903 5 E E EE +| +] «| B Diplotychus longulus Simon, 1903 E. striatus Simon, 1903 Firmicus bimaculatus (Simon, 1886) G. hirta Simon, 1889 es P. pusiola Simon, 1903 P. rugosa (Latreille, 1804) Plastonomus octoguttatus Simon, 1903 Prepotelus curtus Ledoux, 2004 P. lanceolatus Simon, 1898 est Africa, alawi P. limbatus (Simon, 1898) P. pectinitarsis (Simon, 1898) Pseudoporrhopis granum Simon, 1886 Pyresthesis laevis (Keyserling, 1877) Runcinia oculifrons Strand, 1907 Soelteria nigra Dahl, 1907 i=) oo * S. lunulatum Dahl, 1907 S. obscurifrons Dahl, 1907 | Tharrhalea cerussata Simon, 1886 | * | | T. semiargentea Simon, 1895 * | | T. superpicta Simon, 1886 | T. citrinellus Simon, 1875 ‘s T. lamperti Strand, 1907 T. madagascariensis Comellini, 1957 | T. madagascariensis pallidus Comellini, 1957 T. nossibeensis Strand, 1907 a Tmarus foliatus Lessert, 1928 Trichopagis manicata Simon, 1886 Trochanteriidae [s P. vao Andriamalala & Ubick, 2007 P. velonus Platnick, 1985 oak re Uloboridae er Uloborus aureus Vinson, 1863 U. vanillarum Vinson, 1863 = Zodariidae Asceua radiosa Jocqué, 1986 Aschema madagascariensis (Strand, 1907) Zoridae Voraptus tenellus (Simon, 1893) Zorocratidae Uduba dahli Simon, 1903 Z. oswaldi (Lenz, 1891) Total number of species +f el * * Mediterranean, Africa, Yemen, Socotra rine es. | eee i ee Tees Gabon, Guinea, South Africa ee | Kenya * Ww Ww ‘© 0 109 in addition to the sum of endemic species. ° Table 2. Sum of spider genera and species of African islands at the eastern side of the continent arranged within families ZONSIIPOY Ei sniqline yy *S] O1OWIOD =e Sa|[o2ydAag ee MR manana 29 eb EST ae ee ReMi pl ol=llalsllelalala a siiih) SERRE SESS GRBSRSSs = = Agelenidae penera/species |Sparassidae | 8 | 40 [39/5 | 5 | 5 [-|-[-]i [i [i]-]-[-]-]-]-[-| [Stiphidiidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - [-[-]-]-]-|-|-|-[-[ifiqi]-| | Symphytognathidae| - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-]-|-[-]-|-| | Synaphridac | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - [-|-|-]-|-|-|-|-]-]-[-]-[-| ielemidace ee a> |= | = i | 2) 2-|-|-|-]-]-]-]-|-[-]-]-|-]-| | Tengellidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - [-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| aft = | Tetrablemmidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 [-|-[-|-|-|-|-|-| |= | | Tetragnathidae | 5 | 71515 | 8 | 3 [1 [2] 1]6]9{7]-]-]-Jrfifiii| | Theraphosidae | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 |-|-|-|-|-| SHnDSs | Theridiidae | 12 | 37 | 28 | 11 | 15 | 13 [9 |15]12/5 [6/3 /2/5|3] -[-[-|-| | Theridiosomatidae | - | - | - | 2 | 3 | 3 |-|-| -|-]-[-|-[-]-|-| (> ee eeeean OB an Bis eee ese = (A100 - |= - Lele ol |. | BVeaahe = | re | 6. = | a Xe | Zorocratidae —s[ 2 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | Total number of eet ie 556 145 Table 3. Sum of families, genera and species of spiders of each African island/s at the eastern side of the continent, in addition to the sum of endemic species. Seychelles Aldabra Comoro Is. Mauritius Rodriguez 87.77 % Conclusion 74.48 % 60.00 % There are 60 families, 320 genera, and 847 species/subspecies recorded from the islands at the eastern side of the African continent, i.e. Madagascar, Seychelles, Aldabra, Comoro Is., Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodriguez. There are 691 endemic species in these islands, i.e. 81.58 % of the species of these islands and 1.63 % of the known spider species in the world. The highest ratio of endemic species is in Madagascar (87.77 %) followed by Seychelles (74.48 %) and the lowest one is in Réunion (51.28 %) while Rodriguez is out of comparison with its only two recorded species. Family Salticidae has the priority in number of species (143) followed by Araneidae (82). In Madagascar, the two families are represented by 106 and 65 species, respectively, with 94 endemic salticid species (88.68 %) and 49 endemic araneids (75.38 %). This denotes the uniqueness of the spider fauna of this region. 111 Table 4. Sum of spider genera and species of African islands at the eastern side of the continent arranged within families. Family G Lo Oo N]} oO —|N 4a F WIliN + 5 5 | Be El Corinnidae Phyxelididae Ctenidae Pisauridae “lle /s Cyatholipidae Dipluridae Filistatidae Salticidae Sparassidae Stiphidiidae a = be! ma wl e|ry “| ~ 8 - “| oe : el Be | Symphytognathidae | 2 4 | Tengellidae Tetrablemmidae 3 l Tetragnathidae Theraphosidae Theridiidae Theridiosomatidae Linyphiidae Liocranidae N 1o>) ig n} G2 Nn | N Mysmenidae Nephilidae Ochyroceratidae 3 2 60 Families 847 species Thomisidae Trochanteriidae Uloboridae Zodariidae NO Nn References El-Hennawy, H.K. 2010. Notes on Spiders of Africa — 1. Serket, 12(2): 61-75. Gertsch, W.J. & Ennik, F. 1983. The spider genus Loxosceles in North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Araneae, Loxoscelidae). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., 175: 264-360. Knoflach, B. & van Harten, A. 2002. The genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) from mainland Yemen, the Socotra Archipelago and adjacent countries. Fauna of Arabia, 19: 321-361. Platnick, N.I. 2010. The world spider catalog, version 11.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html (June IT, 2010) 112 rs a ji} Serket = Sarkat. 7 _ American Museum of Natural History Received on: @1-24-i2 Mand, | Cairo - Egypt 2011 SERKET Volume 12 Part 4 December, 2011 Cairo, Egypt Contents Page The first record of Cheiracanthium molle in Saudi Arabia Hisham K. El-Hennawy 113 New records of Linyphiidae (Araneae) for Turkish araneo-fauna Hayriye Karabulut & Tuncay Tiirkes 1T7 Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Araneae) of the Central Anatolia Region, with a new record for Turkey Tuncay Tiirkes & Hakan Demir 124 New records of family Lycosidae (Araneae) in Turkey Nurcan Demircan & Aydin Topcu 135 A new linyphid spider record from Turkey (Araneae: Linyphiidae) Tarik Danisman, Zafer Sancak, Ilhan Cosar & Melek Erdek 14] The cobweb spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) of Uludag mountain, Bursa Rahsen S. Kaya & Ismail Hakki Ugurtas 144 The spider fauna of islands of Lake Uluabat, Turkey Rahsen S. Kaya, Ismail Hakki Ugurtas, Kadir Boga¢ Kunt & Abdulmittalip Akkaya 154 Subscription for volume 12 (2010-201 1): US $ 25.00 (personal rate), - US $ 35.00 (institutional rate) Back issues : Volume | (1987-1990), Vol. 2 (1990-1992), Vol. 4 (1994-1996), Vol. 5 (1996-1997), Vol. 6 (1998-2000), Vol. 7 (2000-2001), Vol. 8 (2002-2003), Vol. 9 (2004-2005), 10 (2006-2007), 11 (2008-2009): US $ 25.00 (p.r.), US $35.00 (i.r.) per volume Volume 3 (1992-1993): US $35.00 (p.r.), US $ 45.00 (i-r.) Correspondence concerning subscription, back issues, publication, etc. should be addressed to the editor: Hisham K. El-Hennawy Postal address: 41, El-Manteqa El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt. E-mail: el hennawy@hotmail.com Webpage: http://serket2008.multiply.com 76K 6 OK EK A KK ISSN: 1110-502X ass aioe Bir PRE igen | eT eae Fe | ouf a is @ 7 ar | avnet A) ale ‘reral ay ne rs 4 wan pe ea 2 AT ae. a ol ey 4 =?) heel yet? bai whi pra Y ‘etl. care in nS 7 ob! sant On Te Le + intnyel AMA Yet aed fix it satan! ede ta an a y 1 mio} ee Ne Pian | Ord _ a Noite : . Pe Te | oes Py ' ney - ao: “AOR p page es lai “dase une o | ote edie Oe 8 i ai - st. ey Us a y 2 ce, ge A eee OO (Adri con tay (go Mae Serket (2011) vol. 12(4): 113-116. The first record of Cheiracanthium molle in Saudi Arabia Hisham K. El-Hennawy 41, El-Mantega El-Rabia St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11341, Egypt E-mail: el_ hennawy@hotmail.com Abstract Cheiracanthium molle L. Koch, 1875 of family Miturgidae is recorded from Al- Baha, Saudi Arabia. It is the first record of this species outside Africa. Keywords: Spiders, Miturgidae, Cheiracanthium molle, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Introduction Genus Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch, 1839 was transferred from the Clubionidae by Ramirez, Bonaldo & Brescovit, 1997 and recently placed in "Chiracanthiidae" by Ono, 2009 (Platnick, 2011). On the other side, some scientists "follow Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) and Raven (2009, and references therein) in placing the Eutichurinae with Cheiracanthium in the Clubionidae" (Jager & Dankittipakul, 2010). This genus includes 178 species and | subspecies, worldwide distributed. In Africa, 42 species of Cheiracanthium were recorded (El-Hennawy, 2010). Cheiracanthium molle L. Koch, 1875 is an African species recorded from: Botswana, Chad, Comores, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zimbabwe (Lotz, 2007). It was described as a new species from Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) by L. Koch (1875) and re-described, in detail, by Lotz (2007: 45-49, Figs. 84-92, 137). It is collected for the first time from Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. This is the first record outside Africa (Map 1). Al-Baha province is situated between Makkah and Asir region, in south-western Saudi Arabia. It represents different altitudes, mostly between 800 and 2500m above the sea level. It is characterized by natural tree cover and agricultural plateau. Due to its location, Al-Baha's climate is moderate in summer and cold in winter (Doha, 2009). It belongs to the Afrotropical region. The spiders of Al-Baha are not studied yet. Abbreviations used: ALE = anterior lateral eye; AME = anterior median eye; AM-AM = inter-distance between anterior median eyes; CA = cymbial apophysis; Cl (CL/CW) = carapace index; CL = cephalothorax length; CLL = clypeal length; CON = conductor; CW = cephalothorax width; L = length; LI = total length of leg I; MOQAW = median ocular quadrangle anterior width; MOQPW = median ocular quadrangle posterior width; OAL = ocular area length; OAW = ocular area width; p = prolateral: PLE = posterior lateral eye; PME = posterior median eye; r = retrolateral; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; STL = sternum length; STW = sternum width; TA = tegular apophysis; TL = total length; v = ventral. All measurements were taken in millimetres. Cheiracanthium molle L. Koch, 1875 (Figs. 1-6, Tables 1-2, Map 1) Material examined: 1%, Is@, Saudi Arabia, Al-Baha, Gebel El-Baher (20°00'N, 41°27'E, elevation 2170m). Coll. M.S. El-Hawagry, 25 May 2011. Description: Male (Fig. 1): TL 4.67; body and legs are creamy-yellowish; CL 2.12, CW 1.61; OAL 0.66; OAW 0.32; CLL 0.05; CI (CL/CW) 1.32 [similar to Lotz (2007)], L1:CL 6.78, STL 1.T1STW 0.79: Eyes: posterior medians (PME) largest; anterior laterals (ALE) smallest; all inter- distances equal the diameter of AME and PLE. Eye measurements (diameters and inter- distances): AME 0.11, ALE 0.05, PME 0.13, PLE 0.11, AM-AM 0.11, AM-AL 0.11, PM-PM 0.11, PM-PL 0.11, MOQAW 0.32, MOQPW 0.37. Chelicerae: fang without distinct basal extension, on the contrary of Lotz (2007) (Fig. 2). Legs: leg formula I-IV-II-II] (Table 1) and leg spination (Table 2) almost similar to Lotz (2007). Table 1: Legs and pedipalp measurements (mm) Femur : 2.39 1.85 : Patella 1.06 0.79 0.64 0.90 0.26 Tibia 3.82 2.38 1.59 2.65 0.53 Metatarsus 4.24 2.76 2.38 Sal | --- Tarsus 1.70 0.79 0.74 0.85 1.01] Total length 14.37 9.11 7.20 11.08 2.86 Table 2: Leg spination Leg Femur Tibia Metatarsus I p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1 Vv 2-2,2,2-0 v 2-1,-l, I] p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1 p 1-0-1, v 1-2-0 p 1-1-0, v 2-2,2 Ill p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1 p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1, v 1-0-0 p I-I-l,r I-I-1, v 2-2-2 IV p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1 p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1, v 1-0-0 p I-I-1,r 1-l-1, v > 20 Abdomen: L 2.55; more yellowish than cephalothorax; with two darker transverse bands (Fig. 3), not "an indistinct heart-mark" as in Lotz (2007). Palp (Figs. 4-6): "cymbium elongate, longer than patella and tibia combined; three short sharply pointed RTA that curve outward; tegular apophysis large, parallel to conductor and double lobed, fishtail- like at apex; embolus long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at conductor apex; conductor unsclerotised but distinct" as described by Lotz (2007). Habitat Collected from a mountainous region, inside a building among rocks with scattered herbs. 114 Figs. 1-6: Cheiracanthium molle L. Koch, 1875 <. 1. Habitus. 2. Cheliceral fang, a. dorsal view, b. ventral view. 3. Abdomen, dorsal view. CA 6 4 4-6. Palp (left). 4. ventral view. 5. prolateral view. 6. dorsal view, showing three pointed apophyses. CA = cymbial apophysis; CON = conductor; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis: TA = tegular apophysis. L135 Map |. Distribution of Cheiracanthium molle L. Koch, 1875 * = Al-Baha, e = known records from Africa (modified after Lotz (2007: 69, fig. 137). Acknowledgment | am grateful to Dr. Magdi S. El-Hawagry, Professor of Insect taxonomy, Cairo University and Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, who collected the studied specimen during his supervision of the project "Survey and Classification of Agricultural and Medical Insects in Al-Baha District", supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research of Al-Baha University. References Doha, S.A. 2009. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in different localities of Al- Baha province, Saudi Arabia. Egypt. Acad. J. biolog. Sci., E. Medical Entom. & Parasitology, iCi):3il=3m. El-Hennawy, H.K. 2010. Notes on Spiders of Africa - 1. Serket, 12(2): 61-75. Jager, P. & Dankittipakul, P. 2010. Clubionidae from Laos and Thailand (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa, 2730: 23-43. Koch, L. 1875. Aegyptische und abyssinische Arachniden gesammelt von Herrn C. Jickeli. Niirnberg, pp. 1-96. Lotz, L.N. 2007. The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical region. 1. Revision of known species. Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, 23: 1-76. Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. 116 oe —_———— Serket (2011) vol. 12(4): 117-123. New records of Linyphiidae (Araneae) for Turkish araneo-fauna Hayriye Karabulut & Tuncay Tiirkes Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Nigde University, TR-51100 Nigde, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: tuncayturkes@nigde.edu.tr Abstract Bathyphanites similis Kulezynski, 1894, Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833), Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841), Mansuphantes fragilis (Thorell, 1875), Micrargus subaequalis (Westring, 1851), Neriene peltata (Wider, 1834), N. radiata (Walckenaer, 1841), Tenuiphantes cristatus (Menge, 1866), and 7. jacksoni (Schenkel, 1925) are nine new records for the spider fauna of Turkey. The characteristic features and drawings of female genitalia and male palpal organs are presented. Distribution of these species is plotted on a map. Keywords: Spiders, Linyphiidae, new records, Black Sea Region, Turkey. Introduction Linyphiidae is the second largest family of spiders, including 4401 species (Platnick, 2011). There are 68 species known in the Turkish fauna (Bayram e/ al., 2007, Demir ef al., 2008, Marusik & Kunt, 2009, Seyyar e/ al., 2008, Tanasevitch e/ al., 2005, Topg¢u ef al., 2005, 2008). The new records in this study raise the number of linyphiid species known from Turkey to 77. Material and Methods This study was carried out through 2007-2010 in 8 localities in the 6 provinces of the Black Sea region (Map1). Spiders were collected using aspirator from among leaves and stems of plants, fallen leaves in forests, on ground, algae upon rocks, soil cracks, stones, boulders and tree bark. They were preserved in 70% ethanol. Examined specimens were deposited in the NUAM. The identification and genitalia drawings were made by means of a SZX-16 Olympus stereomicroscope with a camera lucida, depending on the keys of Heimer & Nentwig (1991) and Roberts (1995) were used. Abbreviations used: cd = copulatory duct, cdo = copulatory duct opening, cym = cymbium, emb = embolus, fd = fertilization duct, m = metre, mm = mill limetre, NUAM: Arachnology Museum of the Nigde University, peym = paracymbium, Sc = scapus, sp = spermatecha, tib = tibia. All measurements are in millimetres and scale lines in the figures correspond to 0.1 mm. = ata ie, +4 Ermenista Jropaykethnclogie: US Dept of StatelCecaranned Map |: Distribution map of linyphiid species newly recorded in the Black Sea Region, 2007-2010, in Turkey. Numbered dots correspond to locality *L-1...9° as shown in “Material examined”. 1. Bathyphantes similis Kulezynski, 1894 . Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833) 3. Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841) . Mansuphanites fragilis (Thorell, 1875) 5. Micrargus subaequalis (Westring, 1851) . Neriene peltata (Wider, 1834) 7. Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1841) . Tenuiphantes cristatus (Menge, 1866) 9. Tenuiphantes jacksoni (Schenkel, 1925) Sa f-N Results Bathyphantes similis Kulczynski, 1894 Material examined: 14 [L-1], Artvin Province, Murgul District, 11.09.2009 (T. Tiirkes). Male. (Fig. 1) Carapace: 1.00 long, 0.90 wide, brown; sternum brown. Abdomen: 1.00 long, 0.80 wide, black. Legs: orange-brown. Distribution. Europe, Russia (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new record). Habitat. Specimen was collected from low vegetation. Fig. 1: Bathyphantes similis Kulezyhski, 1894 3 Palp, retrolateral view. 118 | Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833) Material examined: | 9 [L-2], Trabzon Province, Macka District, 26.08.2010 (T. Tiirkes). Female. (Figs. 2-3) Carapace: 1.50 long, 1.15 wide, yellow with laterally dark greenish brown; sternum dark yellow with laterally dark brown. Abdomen: 2.1 long, 1.25 wide, yellowish brown, dorsally with irregularly arranged spots. Legs: yellowish to light brown, with long, robust spines. Distribution. Palaearctic (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new genus record). Habitat. Specimen was collected from subalpine zone. Figs. 2-3: Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833) 9 2. Epigyne, ventral view. 3. Vulvae, dorsal view. Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841) Material examined: 1 [L-3], Corum Province, the road of Lagin, 1078 m, 28.10.2007 (T. Tiirkes). Female. (Figs. 4-5) Carapace: 1.25 long, 0.80 wide; sternum and carapace yellow. Abdomen: 1.50 long, 0.75 wide, greyish yellow. Legs: light yellow. Distribution. Holarctic (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new record). Habitat. Specimen was collected among dry plant residues in wooded area. Figs. 4-5: Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841) ° 4. Epigyne, ventral view. 5. Vulvae, dorsal view. Mansuphantes fragilis (Thorell, 1875) Material examined: 19 [L-4], Trabzon Province, Macka District, 2150 m, 14.09.2009 (T. Tiirkes). Female. (Fig. 6) Carapace: 1.20 long, 0.80 wide, light yellow; sternum yellowish green. Abdomen: 1.30 long, 0.75 wide, yellow. Legs: light yellow. Whe Distribution. Europe (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new record). Habitat. Specimen was collected from humid forest area on low vegetation. Fig. 6: Mansuphantes fragilis (Thorell, 1875) 2 Epigyne, ventral view. Micrargus subaequalis (Westring, 1851) Material examined: 39, 14 [L-5], Artvin Province, Ardanug¢ District, 2520 m, 29.08.2010 (T. Tiirkes). Male. (Fig. 9) Carapace: 0.90 long, 0.75 wide, yellowish brown; sternum brown. Abdomen: 0.85 long, 0.75 wide, dark brownish black. Legs: light yellowish brown. Female. (Figs. 7-8) Carapace: 0.80 long, 0.70 wide; sternum and carapace yellowish green. Abdomen: 0.85 long, 0.75 wide, greyish green. Legs: light yellowish green. Distribution. Palaearctic (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new record). Habitat. Specimens were collected from dry open land. Figs. 7-9: Micrargus subaequalis (Westring, 1851) 7. Epigyne, ventral view. 8. , Vulvae, dorsal view. 9. ° palp, retrolateral. 120 Neriene peltata (Wider, 1834) Material examined: 39 Y [L-6], Rize Province, Elevit District, 02.07.2009 (T. Tiirkes). Female. (Figs. 10-11) Carapace: 1.00 long, 1.00 wide, yellowish brown; sternum brown. Abdomen: 2.00 long, 1.00 wide, dorsally with dark longitudinal band and irregular white lined margin. Legs: yellow. Distribution. Greenland, Palaearctic (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new record). Habitat. Specimens were collected from on bushes and trees. Figs. 10-11: Neriene peltata (Wider, 1834) ° 10. Epigyne, ventral view. 11. Vulvae, dorsal view. Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1841) Material examined: 1° [L-7], Zonguldak Province, Eregli District, 380 m, 28.07.08; 14 and 12, Giresun Province, Bulancak District, 21.05.08 (T. Tiirkes). Female. (Fig. 12) Carapace: 2.00 long, 1.50 wide, yellowish brown with cephalic part brown; sternum brown. Abdomen: 2.75 long, 1.25 wide, with black pattern. Legs: brown. Distribution. Holarctic (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new record). Habitat. Specimens were collected from high vegetation, on half-shadowed bushes and trees. Fig. 12: Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1841) 9 Vulvae, dorsal view. 121 Tenuiphantes cristatus (Menge. 1866) Material examined: 299 [L-8], Kastamonu Province, BallidaZ District, 1587 m, 19.10.2007 (T. Tiirkes). Female. (Figs. 13-14) Carapace: 1.00 long, 0.75 wide, yellowish orange; sternum orange- brown. Abdomen: 1.50 long, 0.75 wide, grey-white with dark pattern. Legs: yellowish orange. Distribution. Palaearctic (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new record). Habitat. Specimens were collected from litter layer of a deciduous forest. 14 Figs. 13-14: Tenuiphantes cristatus (Menge, 1866) 9 13. Epigyne, ventral view. 14. Vulvae, dorsal view. Tenuiphantes jacksoni (Schenkel, 1925) Material examined: 1) [L-9], Trabzon Province, Caykara District, 2053 m, 01.07.2009 (T. Tiirkes). Female. (Figs. 15-16) Carapace: 1.00 long, 0.75 wide, yellow; sternum yellowish brown. Abdomen: 1.50 long, 1.25 wide, yellowish grey with black chevrons. Legs: muddy yellow. Distribution. Switzerland, Austria (Platnick, 2011), Turkey (new record). Habitat. Specimen was collected from subalpine zone in a soil crack. Pigs. 15-16: Tenuiphantes jacksoni (Schenkel, 1925) ° 15. Epigyne, ventral view. 16. Vulvae, dorsal view. 122 Conclusion Comparing the previously recorded 68 linyphiid species from Turkey with the 2367 Palaearctic species of family Linyphiidae, we expect that there are more unrecorded linyphiid species in Turkey. Linyphiid species need more detailed studies in Turkey to know their real number and distribution. Acknowledgment We are very grateful to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for its financial support of this work (Project No. TBAK: 107T017). References Bayram, A., Danisman, T. Yigit, N., Corak, |. & Sancak, Z. 2007. Three linyphiid species new to the Turkish araneo-fauna: Cresmatoneta mutinensis (Canestrini, 1868), Ostearius melanopygius (O.P.-Cambridge, 1879) and Trematocephalus cristatus (Wider, 1834) (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Serket, 10(3): 82-85. Demir, H., Topgu, A. & Seyyar, O. 2008. A new species of Palliduphantes from Turkish caves (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Ent. News, 119: 43-46. Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. Marusik, Y.M. & Kunt, K.B. 2009. Spiders (Araneae) new to the fauna of Turkey. 7. New species and genera records of Linyphiidae. Serket, 1 1(3/4): 82-86. Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DOI: 10.5531/db.iz.0001. Roberts, M.J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. Seyyar, O., Demir, H. & Tiirkes, T. 2008. Walckenaeria aksoyi sp. n. (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Turkey. Biologia (Bratislava), 63: 684-685. Tanasevitch, A.V., Kunt, K.B. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A new species of the genus Megalepthyphantes Wunderlich from Turkey (Aranei: Linyphiidae: Micronetinae). Arthropoda Selecta, 13: 279-280. Topgu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109- 140. Topg¢u, A., Tiirkes, T. & Seyyar, O. 2008. A new spider of the genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from a Turkish cave. Zoology in the Middle East, 45: 91-95. 123 Serket (2011) vol. 12(4): 124-134. Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Araneae) of the Central Anatolia Region, with a new record for Turkey Tuncay Tiirkes ' & Hakan Demir” ' Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Nigde University, TR-51100 Nigde, Turkey ° Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, TR—06500 Ankara, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: tuncayturkes@nigde.edu.tr Abstract Faunistic data, including zoogeographical distribution, of 28 species belonging to the families of Thomisidae and Philodromidae are presented. All species were collected from Central Anatolia Region in Turkey between 1996 and 2007. Philodromus buxi Simon, 1884 is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Keywords: Thomisidae, Philodromidae, Araneae, new record, Turkey. Introduction Arachnological studies of Turkey began towards the end of the 19" century. They were increased during the 20" century, specially faunistic and taxonomic works. Recently, they continue with an increased speed. The Thomisidae, commonly called the crab spiders, is a big spider family comprising 177 genera and 2152 species worldwide, of which 78 species of 12 genera are known from Turkey (Bayram e/ al., 2008; Demir, 2008b; Demir e7 al., 2008a,b, 2009a,b: Platnick, 2011). The great diversity of form and colour shown by the Thomisidae relates to their exploitation of a wide variety of habitats and their often remarkable capacity for camouflage, sometimes even to the extent of slowly changing colour. The majority of species are rather crab-like in appearance, have the first two pairs of legs longer than the rest, and can walk sideways, as well as forwards and backwards (Roberts, 1995). Philodromidae or “running crab spiders” are a family of laterigrade, i.e. sideways walking, spiders with essentially equal length of all legs. Philodromidae has been regarded as a subfamily of Thomisidae by early authors, but since the detailed study of Homann (1975) their family status is generally accepted (Platnick, 2011). These spiders are found living under stones, under bark on trees, and in vegetation (Roberts, 1995). The SSS. eh! eee” aa ae oe aria total of 535 species of Philodromidae have been described so far in 29 genera (Platnick, 2011), with only 27 species belonging to 4 genera were recorded from Turkey (Demir, 2008a). Material and Methods The material was collected by pitfall trapping and sweeping net over plants between 1996 and 2007. They were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the collection of the Arachnology Museum of Nigde University (NUAM). For identification, the keys given by Demir ef al. (2008a,b, 2009a,b), Levy (1973, 1976), Logunov & Demir (2006), Logunov (2006), Marusik & Logunov (1990, 1995), Roberts (1995), Simon (1932), and Wunderlich (1995) were used. World distribution of all species follows Platnick (2011). Results Family Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 Genus Diaea Thorell, 1869 Diaea livens Simon, 1876 Material examined: 1%, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Isik mountain 10.07.2003. World Distribution: USA, Central Europe to Azerbaijan. Genus Misumena Latreille, 1804 Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) Material examined: |, Nevsehir, Avanos, 05.06.2000; 14, Ankara province, Giidiil district, 24.5.2003; 294, 599, Cankiri province, Ilgaz district, 28.07.2005; 19, Ankara province, Cubuk district, surroundings of Karagél lake, 16.07.2003. World Distribution: Holarctic. Genus Monaeses Thorell, 1869 Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973 Material examined: 29, Ankara province, Polatli district, 18.06.2003; 1, Ankara province, Nallihan district, 14.05.2003; 1¢, 499, Ankara province, Ayas district, 14.05.2003; 12%, 29, Ankara province, Giidiil district, 21.05.2003. World Distribution: Greece, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Central Asia. Genus Ozyptila Simon, 1864 Ozyptila praticola (C.L. Koch, 1837) Material examined: |‘), Aksaray province, Ihlara district, 28.06.2004. World Distribution: Holarctic. Ozyptila simplex (O.P.-Cambridge, 1862) Material examined: |, Ankara province, Gélbasi district, 24.06.2003. World Distribution: Palaearctic. Genus Runcinia Simon, 1875 Runcinia grammica (C.L. Koch, 1837) Material examined: 699, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 30.07.2001; 13, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 13.06.2003; 344, Ankara province, Serefliloghisar district, Tuz lake, 15.06.2002; 1¢, 229, Ankara province, Gélbas! 125 district, Topakli village, 24.06.2003; 14, 19, Ankara province, Gélbasi district, Koparan village, 24.06.2003; 474, 19, Ankara province, Polatl district, Sapanca village; 49 9, Eskisehir province, Beyyazi district, Abbashalimpasa village, 14.07.2004; 12, Ankara province, Polatli district, Sabanézii village, 18.06.2003; 544, 19, Ankara province, Polatl district, Sarihalil village, 18.06.2003; 1, Aksaray province, Ortakéy district, Akin village, 29.06.2004; 14, 299, Ankara province, Gélbasi district, 24.06.2003; 499, Ankara province, Akyurt district, 23.07.2003; 603, 599, Eskisehir province, Caylom village, 13.07.2004; 244, 299, Yozgat province, Akdagmadeni district, 18.07.2003; 10.4%, 1729, Ankara province, Kazan district, 16.06.2003; 4¢¢, 299, Ankara province, Nallihan dist) Atcga village, 23.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Giidil este 09.07.2003; 54.3, 299, Ankara province, Nallihan district, 23.06.2003; 2¢¢, 10%’, Ankara province, ile dither 16.06.2003; 644, 79%, Ankara province, Bala Hestige 21.06.2003; 44%, 19, Ankara province, Ayas district, Oren village, 20.06.2003; 235, 629, Kirikkale panes. 25.06.2004; 29°, Kirsehir province, Mucur district, 26.06.2004; 63.4, 229, Kayseri province, Biinyan district, 23.06.2005; 432, 499, Ankara province, Polatli district, Giindogan village, 18.06.2003. World Distribution: Palaearctic, St. Helena, South A frica. Genus Synema Simon, 1864 Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) Material examined: 9), Nigde province, Koyunlu village, 22.05.2002; 39, Ankara province, Serflikochisar district, Tuz lake, 05.06.2002; 399, Ankara province, Kiigtikesat, 27.05.2005; 39%, NiZde province, Fertek village, 09.06.2005; 39.2, Nigde province, Fertek village, 29.05.2002; 229, NiZde province, Ulukisla district, Kolsuz pass, 14.05.1996; 2"), Ankara province, Elmada® district, 15.05.2003; 14%, 19, Ankara province, Evren district, Inebeli village, 28.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Giidiil district, Akbas village, 18.05.2005; 19, Ni&de province, Fertek village, 13.05.2004; 39 9, Ankara province, Sereflikochisar district, Tuz lake, 05.06.2002: 19, Nigde province, Fertek village, 19.05.2005; 1-4, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Karag6l lake, 16.07.2003. World Distribution: Palaearctic. Synema utotchkini Marusik & Logunov, 1995 Material examined: | 7, Nigde, Bor, Okcu village, 09.09.2006. World Distribution: Turkey, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. Genus Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805 Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805 Material examined: 34%, Ankara province, Polatl district, Sarthalil village, 18.06.2003; 5.4, Ankara province, Haymana district, 25.05.2003; 344, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Karagél lake, 16.07.2003; 1144, 899, Ankara province, Sereklikoghisar district, 29.05.2004; 94.4, 692, Ankara province, hae district, gitar village, 14.05.2003; 19, Nigde province, Bor district, Tepekéy village, 24.07. 1996; 34 |’, Nevsehir province, Urgiip district , 26.06.2004; 14, 229, Ankara province, Be district, 29.05.2004; 1244, 499, Nigde province, wnaeae pond, 05.06.2002: 1, Cankiri province, Ilgaz district, Musakéy village, 28.07.2005; 19, Kirikkale province, center, 23.08.2003: 1, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Tuglakéy village, 25.06.2003; 4.4, Nigde province, Fertek village, a 05.2002; 1344, 429, Ankara province, Bala distin Beldren village, 21.06.2003: , Ankara province, Avss district, Akcakavak village, 14.05.2003; 244, Ankara saves Kizilcahamam district, Kavak6zii village, 21.05.2003; 14, 299, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Karagél lake, 16.07.2003; 237, Ankara province, Nallihan district, 14.05.2003; 39 9, Ankara province, Haymana district, Kesikkavak village, 25.05.2003; 1, 12, Nigde province, Fertek village, 28.05.2005: 14 126 299, Yozgat province, Saraykent district, 18.07.2003; 229, Nevsehir province, Hacibektas district, 31.07.2001; 14, 19, Sivas province, Kangal district, 19.07.2003; 244, 12, Ankara province, Evren district, inebeyli village, 28.05.2003; 229, Ankara province, Polatli district, Sapanca village, 18.06.2003; 14, Ankara province, Gélbal1 district, Topakli village, 24.06.2003; 244, 49 9, Ankara province, Evren district, Deliler village 28.05.2003; 20¢¢, 16929, Ankara province, Tuz lake, 05.06.2002; 299, Nevsehir province, Hacibektas district, 31.07.2001. World Distribution: Palaearctic. Genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 Tmarus piochardi (Simon, 1866) Material examined: |, Nigde province, Meydan plateau, 01.04.2002. World Distribution: Mediterranean. Tmarus stellio Simon, 1875 Material examined: | 9, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 17.06.2003. World Distribution: Palaearctic. Genus Xysticus C.L. Koch, 1835 Xysticus caperatus Simon, 1875 Material examined: |, Nigde province, Bor district, Hancerli village, 03.07.1996; 244, 12, Aksaray province, Hasan mountain, 28.06.2004; 1, Nigde province, Fertek village, 17.06.2002; 14, Ankara province, Polatli district, Sarihalil village, 18.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Giidiil district, 09.07.2003; 19, Kayseri province, Yahyali district, Ovagiftligi village, 21.07.2003; 19, Kayseri province, Giizeléz district, 23.06.2001; 2%, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Yukari: Emirler village, 04.09.2003; 19, Nigde province, Giimiisler village, 18.07.2004; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 13.06.2001. World Distribution: Mediterranean, Russia. Xysticus edax (OQ. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Material examined: 14, 19, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Madenkéy village, 14.05.2002. World Distribution: Turkey, Israel. Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875 Material examined: |, NiZde province, Ulukisla district, Meydan plateau, 28.06.2007; 2°, Kayseri province, Erciyes mountain, 28.06.2007; 14, Nigde province, Camardi district, Demirkazik mountain, 18.05.2001; 19, Cankiri province, Ilgaz district, 21.07.2004; 19, Nigde province, Ciftlik district, Azatl village, Murtaza dam, 27.06.2004; 19, Kayseri province, Erciyes mountain, Tekir pond, 21.07.2003. World Distribution: Palaearctic. Xysticus gymnocephalus Strand, 1915 Material examined: | 4, Konya province, Ermenek district, 2005. World Distribution: Turkey, Lebanon, Israel. Xysticus kaznakovi Utochkin, 1968 Material examined: | 4, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Kolsuz pass, 14.05.1996; 1, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Ciftehan village, 18.05.1996; 14, Ankara province, Bala district, 15.05.2003; 14, Ankara province, Kalecik district, Ahmetadil village, 30.05.2003; 14, Ankara province, Evren district, Deliler village, 28.05.2003. World Distribution: Turkey to Central Asia. 127 Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872 Material examined: 19%, Konya province, Cumra district, G6kkéyik village, 27.05.2005; 24 499, Ankara province, Haymana district, Culuk village, 10.05.2003; 2.4%, Ankara province, Kizileahamam district, Siileler village, 21.05.2003; 24.4, 829, Nigde province, Kayaardi, 05.05.2001; 14, Konya province, Cihanbeyli district, Beskavak village, 13.05.2005; 19, Konya province, Bozkir district, Akcapinar village, 15.05.2005; 1, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Sarisu village, 16.05.2003; 14, Ankara province, Ayas district, Basbereket village, 30.05.2004; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Seyhamami village, 21.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Sereflikochisar district, Tuz lake, 09.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Evren district, Catalpinar village, 28.05.2003; 244, 19, Ankara province, Kizileahamam district, Seyhamami village, 21.05.2003; 244, 19, NiZde province, Fertek village, 07.05.2002; 2‘, Ankara province, Kalecik district, Ahmetadil village, 30.05.2003; 399, Ankara province, Kiicgiikesat district, 27.05.2005; 14, Ankara province, Batikent district, 01.06.2002; 444, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 21.05.2003; 2¢¢ 19, Ankara province, Giidiil district, IIhankéy village, 24.05.2003; 14, 19, Ankara province, Evren district, Deliler village, 28.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Gélbasi district, 09.05.2003; 1’, Ankara province, Sereflikoghisar district, center, 09.05.2003; 14, Nigde province, Itulumaz mountain, 01.06.2002; 14, 19, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Maden village, 09.06.2001; 19, Konya province, Cihanbeyli district, Kuscu village, 13.05.2005; 244, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Kavak6ézii_ village, 21.05.2003; 1%, 19, Ankara province, Nallihan district, Davutoglan village, 14.05.2003; |’, Cankiri province, Cerkes district, Isik mountain, 27.07.2005; 344, Konya province, Seydisehir district, Taras¢1 village, 15.05.2005; 1.4, Kayseri province, Yesilhisar district, Soganli village, 23.06.2001; 299, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Seyhamam1 village, 21.05.2003; 14, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Kavak6zii village, 21.05.2003; 1, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, 18.07.2003; 14, Nigde province, Fertek village, 06.05.2001: 19, Ankara province, Ayas district, Basbereket village, 20.06.2003; 399, Ankara province, Giidiil district, Garipce village, 24.05.2003; 1¢, Ankara province, Haymana district, Cingirli village 10.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Nallihan district, Atca village, 23.06.2003; 24, 19, Ankara province, Elmada® district, Kiiciik Edige village, 15.05.2003; 299, Nigde province, Selcuk district, 22.05.2005; 233, 19, Ankara province, Bala district,15.05.2003; 14, Gélciik, 10.05.2004; 1°, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Evci village, 29.05.2003; 344, Ankara province, Evren district, Catalpinar village, 28.05.2003; 14, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Cavundur village, 16.05.2003; 399, Nigde province, Fertek village, 13.05.2004; 299, Nigde province, Giimiisler village, 04.06.2005; 14, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Kiglacik village, 29.05.2003; 14, 399, Nigde, Fertek, Ozbelde, 28.05.2005; 229, Ankara, Tuz lake, 05.06.2002; 1.7, Ankara province, Haymana district, Dikilitas village, 25.05.2003; 2°)’, Nigde province, Fertek village, 28.05.2005; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Siileler village, 21.05.2003; 244, Ankara province, Ayas district, Akgakavak village, 14.05.2003: 49), Ankara province, Gélbali district, Topakli village, 24.06.2003; |), Kirsehir province, Cicekdagi district, 25.06.2004; 299, Nigde province, Fertek village, 22.05.2005; 299, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 21.05.2003; 19, Nigde province, Uluagac village, 29.05.2005. World Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean to Central Asia. Xysticus laetus Thorell, 1875 Material examined: |, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Alihoca village 18.05.2002; 3), Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Siileler village, 21.05.2003; 19, Eskisehir province, Mihaliggik district, Giirleyik village, 13.07.2004; 19, NiZde province, Uluaga¢ 128 pound, 19.05.2004; 399, Kirsehir province, Mucur district, 26.06.2004; 299, Ankara province, Ayas district, Basbereket village, 20.06.2003; 39 2, Ankara province, Nallihan district, Belenéren village, 23.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Ayas district, Bayat village, 20.06.2003; 22, Ankara province, Giidiil district, Garipce village, 24.05.2003; 299, Ankara province, Evren district, Deliler village, 28.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Polatl district, Sapanca village, 18.06.2003; 299, Ankara province, Beypazari district, Karaéren village, 07.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Kazan district, Karalar village, 16.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Polat district, Sabandzii village, 18.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Elmada® district, 15.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Korkmazlar village, 21.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Evren district, Torunobas1 village, 28.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Kavakézii village, 21.05.2003; 14, Ankara province, Elmadag district, Kuscuali village, 15.05.2003; 12, Nigde province, Camardi district, Buldurus pass, 22.04.2001; 14, Nigde province, Bor district, 07.04.1996; 14, 399, Ankara province, Haymana district, Boyalik village, 10.05.2003; 1, Ankara province, Ayas district, Akcakavak village, 14.05.2003; 19, Kirikkale province, Keskin district, Yeniyapan village, 21.06.2005; 19, Ankara province, Gélbasi district, 09.05.2003; 19, Konya province, Cihanbeyli district, Kuscu village, 13.05.2005; 299, Ankara province, Bala district, 15.05.2003; 19, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Madenkéy village, 26.06.2002; 299, Ankara province, Elmadag district, Kiigitik Edige village, 15.05.2003; 19°, Nigde province, Fertek village, 08.07.2003; 19, Cankirt province, Korgun district, Kiyisin village, 28.07.2005; 19, Ankara province, Ayas district, Oren village, 20.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Elmadag district, Akgaali village, 08.06.2003; 19, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Ciftehan village, 18.05.1996; 19, Ankara province, Haymana district, Yesilyurt village, 10.05.2003; 19, Konya province, Cumra district, Gdkkéyiik village, 27.05.2005; 19, Cankiri province, Cerkes district, Isik mountain, 27.07.2005; 19, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Durhasan village, 25.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Bala district, Karaali village, 21.06.2003; 19, Sivas province, Koyulhisar district, Akseki village, 21.07.2005; 2’) 4’, Ankara province, Nallihan district, Davutoglan village, 14.05.2003; 599, Ankara province, Ayas district, Feruz village, 20.06.2003; 299, Ankara province, Ayas district, Basbereket village, 20.06.2003. World Distribution: Italy to Central Asia. Xysticus pseudorectilineus (Wunderlich, 1995) Material examined: 49%, Kayseri province, Yahyali district, Dikme village, 26.05.2007; 19, Kayseri province, Yahyali district, Kapuzbasi waterfalls, 26.05.2007: 233, 19, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Yukari Emirler village, 04.09.2003; 1%, Ankara province, Elmadaé district, Yesildere village, 23.07.2003; 299, Nigde province, 23.04.2002; 19, Nigde province, Bor district, Kemerhisar village, 15.06.2003; 99), Nigde province, Giimiisler village, 06.05.2002; 19, Nigde province, incesu village, 12.05.2003. World Distribution: Greece, Turkey. Xysticus striatipes L. Koch, 1870 Material examined: 1, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Elmali village, 04.09.2003; 2‘), Nigde province, Fertek village, 20.05.2005; 19, Ankara province, Camlidere district, Atga village, 11.09.2003; 13, Ankara province, Akinci village, 04.09.2004; 1, Nigde province, Bor district, 06.07.2001; 19, Nevsehir province, Derinkuyu district, Til village, 20.03.2005; 19, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Giiney village, 14.05.1996; I’, Nigde province, Bor district, Havuzlu village, 23.04.1996; 24%, Nevsehir province, Derinkuyu district, 29.06.2003: 1, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, 26.05.2003; |'y, 129 Ankara province, Besevler district, 18.07.2006; 14, Nigde province, Fertek village, 29.05.2002: 299, Nigde province, Incesu village, 12.05.2003. World Distribution: Palaearctic. Xysticus thessalicus Simon, 1916 Material examined: 2.44, 49.2, Konya province, Seydisehir district, 21.05.2006; 19, Kayseri province, Yahyali district, Dikme village, 26.05.2007; 19, Nigde province, Giimiis village, 28.06.2007; 14, Kayseri province, Talas district, 18.05.2007; 4929, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Pazar village, 17.06.2003; 14, Nigde province, Fertek village, 18.07.2003; 19, Ankara province, Giidiil district, Garipce village, 24.05.2003; 1¢, Konya province, Doganhisar district, Destigzin village, 14.05.2005; 234, 1’, Ankara province, Gélbasi district, 09.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Yukarigavundur village, 16.05.2003; 14, Nigde province, Fertek village, 08.10.2002; 2\;';, Ankara province, Ayas district, Basbereket village, 30.05.2004; 14, Ankara province, Evren district, Torunobasi village, 28.05.2003; 19, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Alihoca village, 26.05.2002; 344, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Siileler village, 21.05.2003; 999, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Seyhamami village, 21.05.2003; 399, Ankara province, Ayas district, Akcakavak village, 14.05.2003; 244, 19, Ankara province, Kizilceahamam district, Kavakézii village, 21.05.2003; 17,4, 19, NiZde province, Fertek village, 29.05.2002; 19, NiZde province, Ulukisla district, 18.07.2003; 19, Ankara province, Giidiil district, Akbas village, 18.05.2005; 1‘), Ankara province, Haymana district, 29.05.2004; 29 9, Ankara province, Sereflikoghisar district, Tuz lake, 05.06.2002; 244, Kayseri province, Hacilar district, 28.04.2004; 2.7.4, Nigde province, Altunhisar district, Kegiboyduran hill, 27.06.2004; |, Kayseri province, Hisarcik district, 05.05.2006; 19, Kayseri province, Kiranardi Village, 27.04.2004; 19, Ankara province, Haymana district, 29.05.2004; 244, Nigde province, Koyunlu village, 22.05.2003; 229, Ankara province, Ayas district, Bayat village, 20.06.2003. World Distribution: Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Israel. Xysticus tristrami (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Material examined: 1, Kayseri province, Yahyali district, Kapuzbasi waterfalls, 26.05.2007; 34.4, 399, Kayseri province, Yahyali district, Dikme village, 26.05.2007; 6, Konya province, Beysehir district, Bademli village, 28.06.2007; 24.4, 39 2, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Kolsuz pass, 14.05.1996; 299, Nigde province, Fertek village, 09.06.2005; 19, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Elmali village, 04.09.2003; | ;, Kayseri province, Yesilhisar district, Araplibeli village, 18.05.2003; 14, 799, Nigde province, Fertek village, 28.05.2005; 19, Nevsehir province, Urgiip district, 14.05.2005; 2‘, ;, Ankara province, Beypazari district, Geyikpinari village, 07.06.2003; 19, Nigde province, Fertek village, 05.07.2002; 14, 399, Nigde province, Ulukisla district, Meydan plateau, 01.06.2002; 19, Kirikkale province, Giirler village, 12.08.2003; 399, Nigde province, Giimiisler village, 04.06.2005; 14, Ni&de province, 22.05.2004; 14, 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 21.05.2003; 14, 22 9, Nigde province, Fertek village, 13.05.2004; 29%, Konya province, Cihanbeyli district, Beskavak village, 13.05.2005; 1, Ni&de province, Itulumaz mountain, 01.06.2002; 99%, Aksaray province, Giilagac¢ district, 19.03.2005; 274, 19, NigZde province, Fertek village, 08.10.2002: 59 9, Nigde province, Roma pond, 01.06.1996; 14, 19, Nigde province, Kayaardi, 14.05.1996; 19, Nigde province, Giimiisler village, 17.07.2003; 544, 699, Ankara province, Akyurt district, Kozludere village, 30.05.2003; 49, Nigde province, Fertek village, 24.03.1996. World Distribution: Saudi Arabia to Central Asia. 130 Xysticus xerodermus Strand, 1913 Material examined: | 9, Ankara province, Ayas district, Feruz village, 20.06.2003. World Distribution: Turkey, Israel. Family Philodromidae Thorell, 1870 Genus Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826 Philodromus buxi Simon, 1884 (Figs. 1-3) Figs. 1-3: Philodromus buxi Simon, 1884 i. 3 habitus, dorsal view. 2. 4 palp, ventral view. 3. ‘; Epigyne, ventral view. Material examined: 14, 19, NiZde province, [7 Camardi district, Yelatan village, 17.06.2005; 29°, Cankiri province, Sabanézii district, Bulduk village, idl 29.07.2005; 17, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Baséren village, 16.07.2003; 69°, Ankara province, Akyurt district, 23.07.2003; 19, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Ovacik village, 25.06.2003; 399, Cankiri province, Ilgaz district, 21.07.2004; 399. Yozgat province, Camlik, 18.07.2003; 499, Cankiri province, Cerkes district, Karga village, 27.07.2005; 299, Ankara province, Haymana district, Dikilitas village, 25.05.2003; 4443, 899, Ankara province, Ayas district, Ilica village, 30.05.2004; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Kavakézii village, 17.06.2003; 29, Ankara province, Ayas district, Bayat village, 20.06.2003; 19, Yozgat province, Akdagmadeni district, Oluk6zii village, 20.07.2005; 14, 19, Aksaray province, Giilaga¢ district, Dogantarla village, 18.06.2005; 19, Ankara province, Nallihan district, 23.06.2003; 13, Konya province, Cumra district, Gékkéyiik village, 27.05.2005; 19, Ankara province, Nallihan district, Atca village, 23.06.2003; 399, Kirsehir province, Mucur district, 26.06.2004; 1{), Kirsehir province, Kaman district, Akpinar village, 25.06.2004; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Isik mountain, 10.07.2003; 14, Ankara province, Sereflikochisar district, Sadikli village, 28.05.2003; 699, Ankara province, Giidiil district, 09.07.2003; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 17.06.2003; 131 |',, Ankara province, Bala district, Atca village, 21.06.2003; 19, Cankir1 province, Ilgaz district, Musakéy village, 28.07.2005; 292, 299, Kayseri province, Himmetdede district, 24.06.2005; 19, Ankara province, Beypazari district, Geyikpinari village, 07.06.2003; 39, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Pazar village, 17.06.2003; | ';, Ankara province, Beypazari district, Kara6ren village, 07.06.2003; 14, 19, Kayseri province, Yesilhisar district, Giizeléz village, 22.06.2005. Distribution: Europe to Kazakhstan. Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802) Material examined: 1%, |, Kayseri province, Yesilhisar district, Soganli, 23.06.2001; 3''¥, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 30.07.2001; 499, Aksaray province, Giilaga¢ district, Belisirma village, Ihlara valley, 12.08.2001; 14, Ankara province, Kazan district, Memlik village, 16.06.2003; 14, Aksaray province, Ihlara district, Ihlara valley, 28.06.2004; 1, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Durhasan village, 25.06.2003; 2%, Ankara province, Giidiil district, ilhankdéy village, 24.05.2003; 14, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Evci village, 29.05.2003; 244, Yozgat province, Yenifakil1 district, Bektash village, 24.06.2005; 14, Ankara province, Elmadag district, Giimiisyayla village, 08.06.2003; 344, 19, Aksaray province, Ortakéy district, Yukarikabakulak village, 16.06.2005; 344, 49 9, Ankara province, Bala district, Karaali village, 21.06.2003; 443, 19, Nigde province, Uluagac village, 29.05.2005; 14, 429, Kirsehir province, Mucur district, Karginl village, 26.06.2004; 394, 899, Kayseri province, Pinarbasi district, Karabogaz village, 23.06.2005; 14, 19, Nigde province, Camardi district, Yelatan village, 17.06.2005; 344, 19, Ankara province, Ayas district, Basbereket village, 20.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Haymana district, Sogulca village, 25.05.2003; 1%, 29, Ankara province, Elmadag district, Akcaali village, 08.06.2003; 1°, 19, Nevsehir province, Urgiip district 26.06.2004; 19, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Tuglakéy village, 25.06.2003; 799, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Seyhamami village, 17.06.2003; 19, Ankara province, Ayas district, Feruz village, 30.05.2004; 1.4, 499, Ankara province, Kazan district, Karalar village, 16.06.2003; 19, Nevsehir province, Urgiip district, Mustafapasa village, 22.06.2005; 19, Kuirsehir province, Boztepe district, Eskidoganli village, 22.07.2003; 14, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 17.06.2003; 19, Sivas province, Yildizeli district, Mentepe village, 22.07.2005; 2434, 599, Ankara province, Ayas district, Feruz village, 20.06.2003; 19, Cankiri province, Ilgaz district, Musakéy village, 28.07.2005; 24, Ankara province, Ayas district, Bayat village, 20.06.2003; 244, 29 9, Kayseri province, Himmetdede district, 24.06.2005; 729, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Pazar village, 17.06.2003; 344, Kayseri province, Yesilhisar district, Giizeléz village, 22.06.2005; 1.4, Kayseri province, Tomarza district, Képriiky village, 23.06.2005; 13, Ankara province, Ayas district, Oren village, 20.06.2003; 344, Ankara province, Beypazari district, Geyikpinari village, 07.06.2003. Distribution: Holarctic. Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872) Material examined: |), Nigde province, Bor district, 03.07.2004; 19, Ankara province, Ayas district, Ilica village, 30.05.2004; 19, Ankara province, Giidiil district, 09.07.2003. Distribution: Palaearctic. Genus Thanatus C.L. Koch, 1837 Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870 Material examined: 22%, 1029, Ankara district, Sereflikoghisar district, Tuz lake, 05.06.2002; 1.4, 19, Ankara province, Bala district, Nalligélciik village, 21.06.2003; 1d, 132 Nigde province, Bor district, Kizilca village, 01.06.1996; 244, Ankara province, Sereflikoghisar district, 29.05.2004; 14, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 21.05.2003. Distribution: Holarctic. Genus Tibellus Simon, 1875 Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802) Material examined: 14, 1 9, Ankara province, Golbali district, Topakli village, 24.06.2003; 13, 299, Ankara province, Sereflikochisar district, Sadikli village, 28.05.2003; 19, Ankara province, Ayag district, Feruz village, 30.05.2004; 19, Ankara province, Ayas district, Bayat village, 20.06.2003: 494, 399, Ankara province, Ayas district, Basbereket village, 20.06.2003; 14, Ankara province, Ayas district, Basbereket village, 30.05.2004; 244, 299, Ankara province, Haymana district, 29.05.2004; 19, Nigde province, Fertek village, 27.05.2005; 14, 229, Ankara province, Elmadag district, Kiigiik Edige village, 15.05.2003; 13, 322, Sivas province, Yildizeli district, Mentepe village, 22.07.2005; 14, 399, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Pazar village, 17.06.2003; 44,4, 599, Nigde province, Akkaya dam, 06.07.2001; 14, 32, Ankara province, Cubuk Rihict Ovacik village, 29.05.2003; 14, 19, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Ovacik village, 25.06.2003; 244, Ankara province, Haymana district, ¥ nop 2003; 44.3, 39 9, Ankara province, Sereflikochisar district, Tuz lake, 09.05. ae 3, 2 29, Ankara province, Elmadag district, Giimiisyayla village, 08.06.2003; 4409 ss Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, 21.05.2003; 244, Ankara Suis: GG6lbasi district, Tuluntas village, 20.05.2003; 14, 49.9, Konya province, Kulu district, Kozanli village, 13.05.2005; 14, 392, Ankara province, Giidiil district, Garipge village, 24.05.2003; 22.9, Ankara province, Nallihan district 17.07.2003; 244, 29.9, Kayseri province, Sultan morass, 27.05.2005; 19, Ankara province, Bala district, ates village, 21.06.2003; 244, 299, Ankara province, Elmadag district, Kuscuali village, 15.05.2003; 244, 299, Ankara province, Kazan district, Bitik village, 16.06.2003; 1°, I‘), Ankara province, Evren district, Torunobas village, 28.05.2003; 1, Ankara province, Ayas district, Akkaya village, 14.05.2003; 19, Yozgat province, Topcu village, 20.07.2005; 14, 299, Kirsehir province, Mucur district, Karginli village, 26.06.2004. Distribution: Holarctic. References Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B., Ozgen, i., Bolu, H., Karol, S. & Danisman, T. 2009. A crab spider Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802) (Araneae; Thomisidae) new for Turkish araneofauna. Turk J Arach., \(2): 141-144. Demir, H. 2008a. An updated checklist of the Philodromidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks. Serket, 11(1): 7-12. Demir, H. 2008b. An updated checklist of the Thomisidae (Araneae) of Turkey with zoogeographical remarks. Serket, 11(2): 37-50. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Seyyar. O. 2008a. The female of Xysticus pseudorectilineus (Wunderlich, 1995) (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Turkey. Zootaxa, 1674: 65-68. Demir, H., Seyyar, O. & Aktas, M. 2008b. A poorly known species of the spider genus Xysticus C. L. Koch (Aaraneae, Thomisidae) in Turkey. Archives of Biological Sciences, 60(4): 17-18. Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topcu, A. 2009a. New records of little-known species of Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835 in Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 46: 99-102. 133 Demir, H., Aktas, M. & Topcu, A. 2009b. A new species of the genus Synema Simon, 1864 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Turkey. Biologia, 64(4): 742-744. Homann, H. 1975. Die Stellung der Thomisidae und der Philodromidae im System der Araneae (Chelicerata, Arachnida). Z. Morph. Tiere, 80: 181-202. Levy, G. 1973. Crab-spiders of six genera from Israel (Araneae: Thomisidae). Israel J. Zool., 22: 107-141. Levy, G. 1976. The spider genus Xysticus (Araneae: Thomisidae) in Israel. Israel J. Zool., 25: 1- 57. Logunov, D.V. 2006. Notes on Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872 and two closely related spider species (Araneae: Thomisidae). Acta arachn. Tokyo, 55(1): 59-66. Logunov, D.V. & Demir, H. 2006. Further faunistic notes on Cozyptila and Xysticus from Turkey (Araneae, Thomisidae). Arachnol. Mitt., 31: 40-45. Marusik, Y.M. & Logunov, D.V. 1990. The crab spiders of middle Asia, USSR (Aranei, Thomisidae). |. Descriptions and notes on distribution of some species. Korean Arachnol., 6: 31- 62. Marusik, Y.M. & Logunov, D.V. 1995. The crab spiders of Middle Asia (Aranei, Thomisidae), 2. Beitr. Araneol., 4: 133-175. Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DOI: 10.553 1/db.iz.0001. Roberts, M.J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. Simon, E. 1932. Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espéces frangaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 4e partie. Paris, 6: 773-978. Wunderlich, J. 1995. Zur Kenntnis west-palaarktischer Arten der Gattungen Psammitis Menge 1875, Xysticus C. L. Koch 1835 und Ozyptila Simon 1864 (Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae). Beitr. Araneol., 4: 749-774. 134 Serket (2011) vol. 12(4): 135-140. New records of family Lycosidae (Araneae) in Turkey Nurcan Demircan & Aydin Topcu Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Nigde University, TR-51200, Nigde, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: aydintopcu@nigde.edu.tr Abstract Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822), A. stigmosa (Thorell, 1875), Pardosa aenigmatica Tongiorgi, 1966, P. blanda (C.L. Koch, 1833), P. mixta (Kulczynski, 1887), P. saltans Tépfer-Hofmann, 2000, and Pirata insularis Emerton, 1885 are identified as new records for the Turkish araneofauna to increase the number of Turkish lycosids from 63 to 70. Their characteristic features and illustrations are presented. Keywords: Spiders, Lycosidae, systematics, habitat, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Introduction The family Lycosidae is known as wolf spiders. They live mostly solitary and hunt alone. They are real hunters that live in a wide variety of terrestrial habitats. They have eight eyes arranged in three rows. The bottom row consists of four small eyes, the middle row has two large eyes and the top row has two medium-sized eyes. They have excellent eyesight and they can look in four directions. The species of Lycosidae are usually marked with various shades of brown, gray, buff and black. They have well- developed legs. They carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets. Family Lycosidae includes 118 genera and 2382 species worldwide (Platnick, 2011). It is represented by 63 species classified in 11 genera in Turkey (Topgu ev. al., 2005). In this study, Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822), Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell, 1875), Pardosa aenigmatica Tongiorgi, 1966, Pardosa blanda (C.L. Koch, 1833), Pardosa mixta (Kulezynski, 1887), Pardosa saltans Tépfer-Hofmann, 2000, Pirata insularis Emerton, 1885 are recorded for the first time from Turkey. Material and Methods The specimens were collected from different locations of Central Anatolia Region. These specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol. The identification keys of Simon (1937), Locket & Millidge (1951), Tyschchenko (1971), Heimer & Nentwig (1991), and Roberts (1995) were used. SZX16 and SZ61 Olympus _binocculer stereomicroscopes were used during identification. The photographs of species were taken by digital camera. Zoogeografic distributions of species have been given according to the world spider catalog database (Platnick, 2011). Examined specimens were deposited in the Arachnology Museum of Nigde University (NUAM). All measurements are in millimetres and scale lines in the figures correspond to | mm. Results Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) Material examined: 3°, Turkey, Kayseri province, Yahyali district, Delialiusagi village, 22.V1.2005. Description: Female (Fig. 1): Prosoma length 4.1-4.5, reddish brown with dark spots, brighter median band distinctly serrated. Legs yellowish, femora with weak annulations. Opisthosoma light brown with yellow median stripe. Epigynal atrium divided by broad septum. World distribution: Europe, Russia. Fig. 1: Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822). a. Habitus of female. b. Epigyne. Scale lines = 1.0 mm Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell, 1875) Material examined: |), Turkey, Cankiri province, Dodurga district, 21.VII.2004. Description: Female (Fig. 2): Prosoma length 2.7-3.7, yellow-brown, whitish in eye region. Opisthosoma yellowish green, median longitudinal stripe merging anteriorly with two brighter spots. Legs yellowish, vaguely annulated. Epigyne with anteriorly divergent median part. World distribution: France, Norway to Ukraine. Pardosa aenigmatica Tongiorgi, 1966 Material examined: 1%, Turkey, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Siileler village, 21.V.2003; 19, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Korkmazlar village, 21.V.2003. 136 Description: Female (Fig. 3): Total length 8.0. Prosoma dark brown with light median stripe. Opisthosoma greyish brown. Epigynal atrium narrow medially, widening posteriorly. World distribution: Italy, Azerbaijan. Fig. 2: Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell, 1875). c. Habitus of female. d. Epigyne. e. Vulvae. Scale lines = 1.0 mm Fig. 3: Pardosa aenigmatica Tongiorgi, 1966. f. Habitus of female. g. Epigyne. h. Vulvae. Scale lines = 1.0 mm Pardosa blanda (C.L. Koch, 1833) Material examined: 19, Turkey, Cankiri province, Cerkes district, Isik mountain, 27.V11.2005; 19, Cankiri province, BayramGren district, 27.VII.2005; 19, Yozgat province, Aydincik district, 22. VI1.2005. Description: Female (Fig. 4): Prosoma length 2.9-3.4, dark brown with yellowish median band and lateral bands. Legs dark brown, tarsi and metatarsi annulated. Opisthosoma reddish brown. Septum of epigyne longer than wide. World distribution: Palaearctic. 137 Fig. 4: Pardosa blanda (C.L. Koch, 1833). 1. Habitus of female. j. Epigyne. k. Vulvae. Scale lines = 1.0 mm Pardosa mixta (Kulczynski, 1887) Material examined: |‘), Turkey, NiZde province, Merkez district, 05.VI.2003. Description: Female (Fig. 5): Prosoma length 3.0, dark brown. Opisthosoma red-brown. Legs with weak annulations, leg | with oppressed hairs. Femur dorsally with long spots. Epigyne with parallel sides of septum, posterior angle obtuse, often wrinkled. World distribution: Europe. Fig. 5: Pardosa mixta (Kulczynski, 1887). 1. Habitus of female. m. Epigyne. n. Vulvae. Scale lines = 1.0 mm Pardosa saltans Tépfer-Hofmann, 2000 Material examined: 2{)9, Turkey, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Siileler village, 21.V.2003; 24, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Kavakézii village, 21.V.2003; 19, Ankara province, Giidiil district, Tahtadrencik village, 24.V.2003; 13, 35’, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Karag6l 29.V.2003; 299, Ankara province, Kizilcahamam district, Giivem 10.VII.2003; 244, Ankara province, Cubuk district, Kislacik village, 16.VII.2003; 19, Cankirt province, Cerkes district, 27.VII.2005; 19, Konya province, Yunak district, Bes isikl village, 13.V.2005; 2¢¢, 329, Konya province, Doganhisar district, 14.V.2005; 12, Yozgat province, Akdagmadeni district, 20.V11.2005. 138 Description (Fig. 6): Male: Total length 4.7, female: 5.7. Prosoma dark brown with distinct median stripes with white hairs, no lateral pattern. Opisthosoma brown with light brown median stripe. Palp dark brown to almost black. Cymbium narrow dorso-ventrally. Terminal apophysis a rectangular plate curved almost at right angle. Anterior rim of epigynal atrium with distinct projection. Anterior median septum glass-ilke. World distribution: Europe. Fig. 6: Pardosa saltans Tépfer-Hofmann, 2000. 0. Habitus of female p. Male palp, lateral view. q. Epigyne r. Vulva. Scale lines = 1.0 mm Pirata insularis Emerton, 1885 Material examined: | ¢, Turkey, Yozgat province, Yenifakili district, 24.V 1.2005. Description: Male (Fig. 7): Total length 4.0. Prosoma yellowish brown. Opisthosoma greyish brown with white median line. Legs yellowish brown. Palp with brown cymbium. Tegular apopyhsis large, sickle-shaped and with tooth basally. Embolus terminating close. World distribution: Holarctic. Fig. 7: Pirata insularis Emerton, 1885. s. Habitus of male t. Palp, ventral view. Scale lines = 1.0 mm 139 Table 1. Examined specimens of family Lycosidae. GENERA SPECIES Arctosa C.L. Koch, 1847 Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) wet Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell, 1875) Parse enigmatic Tengo 1966 | 2 | im” ee 5 Es | < Pardosa blanda (C.L. Koch, 1833) Pardosa mixta (Kulezynski, 1887) ae Pardosa C.L. Koch, 1847 Pirata Sundevall, 1833 Pirata insularis Emerton, 1885 = ee Conclusion In this study, 7 species belong to 3 genera from the family Lycosidae were identified (Table 1) and the number of species belonging to family Lycosidae in Turkey has been increased from 63 to 70. Lycosid species in Turkey is expected to increase along with detailed studies. Thus, important contributions to Turkey's biological wealth are necessary. References Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. Locket, G.H. & Millidge, A.F.1951. British Spiders. Ray Society, London, I: 1-310. Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DOI: 10.553 1 /db.iz.0001. Roberts, M.J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. Simon, E. 1937. Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espéces frangaises de l'ordre des Araneae; Se et derniére partie. Paris, 6: 979-1298. Top¢u, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109- 140. Tyschchenko, V.P. 1971. Opredelitel’ paukov evropejskoj casti SSSR. (Identification Key to Spiders of the European USSR), Leningrad, pp. 1-281. 140 Serket (2011) vol. 12(4): 141-143. A new linyphid spider record from Turkey (Araneae: Linyphiidae) Tarik Danisman, Zafer Sancak, Ilhan Cosar & Melek Erdek Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Kirikkale, 71450 Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: tarikdanismanwyahoo.com.tr Abstract This short paper reports one linyphid species as a new record for the Turkish araneo-fauna. The characteristic features and photographs of Diplocephalus crassilobus (Simon, 1884) are presented. The total number of linyphid species recorded from Turkey is now 90. Keywords: Araneae, Linyphiidae, Taxonomy, New record, Turkey. Introduction A total of 4401 species in 586 genera have been identified in the family Linyphidae all over the world (Platnick, 2012). Genus Diplocephalus Bertkau, 1883 is well studied in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions. Hitherto, 5 species have been known from Turkey (Bayram e/ al., 2010). These species are D. caucasicus Tanasevitch, 1987, D. cristatus (Blackwall, 1833), D. latifrons (O.P.-Cambridge, 1863), D. picinus (Blackwall, 1841) and D. turcicus Brignoli, 1972. This paper presents the characteristic features and distribution of Diplocephalus crassilobus (Simon, 1884) adding a new species to the araneo-fauna of Turkey. Material and Methods The present study is based on the material deposited in the collection of the Arachnological Museum of Kirikkale University (KUAM). One male specimen was examined in this study. The specimen was preserved in 70% ethanol. Pictures were taken using a Leica S8APO microscope by means of the Leica DC 160 camera. Identification depended on the descriptions and figures of Millidge (1979) and Gnelitsa (2006). All measurements are in millimetres. Results Diplocephalus crassilobus (Simon, 1884) (Figs. 1-4) Material examined: | ¢, Amasra, Bartin, (41°43'N, 32°22'E), from a garden, 11.09.2011; (KUAM-LIN.Dip.cras.01). Description of male Body length: 2.05, Prosoma: length 1.0, width 0.7. Opisthosoma: length 1.05, width 0.75. Prosoma is yellowish brown and its shape in lateral view as in Figs. (1-2). Male carapace with cephalic pits. Opisthosoma is dark grey. Legs are grey-white to yellowish. Male palpal tibia with a long curved apical apophysis. In the male pedipalp, shape of the distal piece of the anterior radical process is characteristic and its ventral tooth is sharply pointed (Figs. 3-4, 5). Leg formula: IV-I-II-II] (Table 1). Distribution: Europe (Platnick, 2011). Leg Femur a ee eS 0.125 0.55 0:45 bile 232 0.100 0.50 0.45 1.95 0.125 | 0.80 | 060 | 030 | 2.62 | 142 b Fig. 5. Diplocephalus crassilobus (Simon, 1884) ¢ palp. Comparison between a. Millidge (1979), fig. 55 and b. the Turkish specimen. References Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danisman, T. 2010. The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey (Araneae; Arachnida), version 10.1.0, online at http://www.spidersofturkey.com/home.php Gnelitsa, V.A. 2006. A new species of the genus Diplocephalus Bertkau, 1883 (Aranei: Linyphiidae) from the Crimea. Arthropoda Selecta, 14(4): 373-376. Millidge, A.F. 1979. Some erigonine spiders from southern Europe. Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc., 4(7): 316-328. Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DOI: 10.553 1/db.iz.0001. 143 Serket (2011) vol. 12(4): 144-153. The cobweb spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) of Uludag mountain, Bursa Rahsen S. Kaya & Ismail Hakki Ugurtas Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Uludag University, TR-16059 Niliifer, Bursa, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: rkaya@uludag.edu.tr, rahsens@gmail.com Abstract The cobweb spiders, Theridiidae, were collected from 57 different localities between 2002 and 2007 from the Uludag Mountain, Turkey. A total of 355 adult specimens were examined and identified to species level. The family is represented by 12 species belonging to 6 genera in the study area. The Holarctic species are dominant among the Theridiids of this fauna. Keywords: Araneae, Theridiidae, Uludag Mountain, Turkey. Introduction The spider family Theridiidae, also known as cobweb or comb-footed spiders, is one of the most species-rich families of spiders, with 2324 species in 119 genera (Platnick, 2011). This family is represented in Turkey by 64 species in 23 genera (Bayram et al., 2010). Members of the family have great variation in shape and colouration, the majority has an abdominal pattern, but some are uniformly greyish or black. The first list of spiders of Turkey, a list of 302 species, was published by Karol (1967) and later supplemented by Bayram (2002). Recently, Topcu e/ al. (2005) published an updated checklist of spiders in Turkey. Now, the total number of species of Araneae in Turkey is 717, belonging to 247 genera and 47 family (Bayram er al., 2010). The spider fauna of the Uludag Mountain region has not been known in detail. Scattered data about the spiders of Uludag Mountain can be found in papers of Kulczynski (1903) and Karol (1967). The authors have been studying the spider fauna of this region in recent years. Because of the geographical and zoogeographical features of the mountain, this region has great significance. To date, some new faunistical studies about the spiders of Uludag Mountain can be found in the papers of Kaya & Ugurtas (2008), Yilmaz ef al. (2009) and Uyar e7 al. (2010). The aim of the present study is to document the theridiids of Uluda& Mountain. This represents the first faunal study of the Theridiidae of Uludag, Bursa. Study Area Uludag is the highest mountain in the Marmara region including Thrace and Northwest side of Anatolian peninsula. Its range is about 40 km long and 15-20 km wide. The highest point is Uludag hill (2543 m) (Fig. 1). The geomorphologic structure of the mountain is very interesting with very steep southern slopes of calcareous rocks and north-western parts constituted of granite. The climate of the mountain changes from low altitudes to summit, while the lower slopes facing Bursa city have a subtype of the Mediterranean climate. In the upper parts, the climate is very cold and icy (Akman, 1990). Because of these changes in its climate and the geomorphologic structure, six vegetation belts can be distinguished in the Uludag: Lauretum belt (up to 350 m), Castanetum belt (from 350 to 700 m), Fagetum belt (from 700 to 1500 m), Pinetum belt (between 1000 and 1200 m), Abietum belt (from 1500 to 2100 m) and Alpinetum belt (from 1900 to 2543 m) (Daskin & Kaynak, 2010; Giileryiiz, 2000). —_— ” ) Niliitero Bieurss e mika Okestel Cumalikizik Yigitali SJGokcedren * ¥ Oka tg te OF Rest @ Jan Cobankaya Pouaoat Alagame@ ne Sogukpinar Karersiah Seferisiklar@ Bis Fevziyee Goyniikbelen@ Slee | ahd ae Olfiye® = iaatiyes ie : ~—e Harmartalan fole) Ded@ler mane @Kocayayla @Bogazova dey \ KelesO @ Sadagi Canyon } OBiyikorhan e OHarmancik Fig. 1. The localities where the spiders have been collected on Uludag Mountain. Material and Methods The survey of Theridiids of UludaZ Mountain is based on the material collected in the spring and summer months of 2002-2007 at 57 sites. The collection was performed by hand aspirator, sweeping net, and beating bushes and trees. Only adult individuals were identified and evaluated. Specimens were preserved in 5% glycerin alcohol and housed in the Zoology Museum of Department of Biology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey. The taxonomy and general distribution of all species follow Platnick (2011). The localities where the spiders have been collected are shown in Fig. (1). The spider specimens were identified according to Heimer & Nentwig (1991), Levy & Amitai (1982), Levy (1998), Nentwig ef al. (2003) and Roberts (1995). 145 Results In this study, cobweb spiders were collected between 2002 and 2007 from Uludag Mountain. A total of 12 theridiid spider species in 6 genera were identified. Family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 Genus Asagena Sundevall, 1833 Asagena phalerata (Panzer, 1801) (Figs. 2-3) Specimens examined: Sogukpinar, 03.06.2002, 14; Aras Valley, 06.06.2002, 229; Sarialan, 16.07.2003, 499; Kadiyayla, 27.06.2004, 299; Sarialan, 27.06.2004, 19; Godk¢eGren, 13.05.2005, 19; around Kaplikaya Stream, 30.07.2005, 229,14; Kaplikaya Valley, 25.09.2005, 19; Osmaniye, 03.06.2006, 299; Aras Valley, 09.07.2006, 39 9; Kadtyayla, 12.07.2006, 2° 9; Kaplikaya Valley, 15.06.2007, 1°. Description: Total body length 5.5-6 mm in females and 5 mm in males. Carapace and sternum dark reddish brown with wrinkles and granulations. Abdomen shiny black, dorsum with two pairs of white horizontal markings and reddish dots, venter dark brown. Legs light brown. Epigynal plate almost circular, anterior margin with a projection. Male palp: terminal apophysis like beak of bird, embolus long. World Distribution: Palaearctic (Platnick, 2011). Figs. 2-3. Asagena phalerata (Panzer, 1801) 2. Epigynum, ventral view. 3. Male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm Genus Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982 (Figs. 4-5) Specimens examined: Orhaneli-Keles crossroads 19. km, 06.05.2004, 1°; Géyniikbelen, 09.05.2005, 19; Gédkgedren, 13.05.2005, 329, 16; Kirazl, 15.06.2005, 399; Hiiseyinalan, 14.05.2006, 19; Miirseller, 19.05.2006, 399: Sayfiye, 20.06.2006, 19; Alagam, 28.06.2006, 329, 234; 13.07.2006, 243; Cumalikizik, 12.04.2007, 19; Gelemig¢, 20.06.2007, 23.3. Description: Total body length 5.5-6.5 mm in females and 5-6 mm in males. Carapace light brown, marginal line black. Sternum pale yellow with small central and lateral lines. Abdomen yellow or white with 4-5 mid-dorsal pairs of black spots. Legs white. Posterior margin of epigynum strongly sclerotized. Male palp: conductor hook-shaped and its tip directed upwards, embolus strongly arched. World Distribution: Holarctic (Platnick, 2011). 146 Figs. 4-5. Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982 4. Epigynum, ventral view. 5. Male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757) (Figs. 6-7) Specimens examined: Géyniikbelen, 09.05.2005, 17; Behe ores: 13.05.2005, 229, 10; Miirseller, 15.06.2005, 14; Kiiciikdeliller, 18.06.2005, 19; Inayet, 25.06.2005, 29 9, 10; Godk¢eGren, 19.05.2006, 19, 14: Inegél-Maden, 37.08.2006, 22°; Alagam, 26.09.2006, 229, 33; Kozludren, 26.10.2006, 22 9, 12. Description: Total body length 5.5-6. 5 mm in females and 5-5.5 mm in males. Carapace yellowish brown, marginal line black. Sternum pale yellow with black narrow central and lateral lines. Abdomen yellow or white with 6 mid-dorsal pairs of black spots. Legs yellow. Posterior margin of epigynum not strongly sclerotized. Male palp: conductor hook-shaped and its tip directed downwards, embolus strongly arched. World Distribution: Holarctic (Platnick, 2011). Figs. 6-7. Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757) 6. Epigynum, ventral view. 7. Male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm Genus Parasteatoda Archer, 1946 Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757) (Figs. 8-9) Specimens examined: around Yigitali, 14.05.2006, 399; Sayfiye, 16.07.2006, 299: Kozluéren, 16.07.2006, 32.9; 2 34; Cumalikizik, 12.04.2007, 429; 2 dd; entrance of Oylat Cave, 01.07.2007, 39 9; Derekizik, 21.07.2007, 599; 2 3d. Description: Total body length 3-4 mm in females and 2.5-3 mm in males. Carapace reddish-brown, cephalic region higher, carapace darker than sternum. Abdomen colourful and higher than long. Legs yellowish and annulated with black. Epigynum with circular Opening, anterior margin with a small tip pointing posteriorly. Male palp: conductor big and twisted, embolus long and thin. World Distribution: Palaearctic (Platnick, 2011). 147 Figs. 8-9. Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757) 8. Epigynum, ventral view. 9. Male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm Genus Phylloneta Archer, 1950 Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881) (Figs. 10-11) Me ' Specimens examined: Tuzakli, 13.05.2005,19,14; Kirazl, 15.06.2005, 299, Fevziye, 25.06.2005, 299, 14; Oylat, 28.06.2005, 19; between Sorgun and Bogazova, 23.04.2006, 19; Osmaneli, 03.06.2006, 192; Kozluéren, 20.06.2006, tO A 2 Ineg6l- Akincilar, 16.07.2006, 399, 14; Keles-Biyiklialan, 18.07.2006, 299, 14; Gelemig, 18.07.2006, 3) 2: Kiran-Ciftlik crossroads, 22.08.2006, 12; Alacgam to Sayfiye, 2-3 km, 26.08.2006, 49.9, 14; Alacam, 26.10.2006, 19; Sule, 20.06.2007, 499, 24; Fevziye, 20.06.2007, 399, 14; Alacam, 21.07.2007, 399. Description: Total body length 4-5.5 mm in females and 3-3.5 mm in males. Carapace reddish brown, central and lateral lines darker. Sternum brown, darker in laterally. Abdomen whitish, dorsum with dark markings, venter dark brown with some dark spots. Legs yellowish with dark annulations. Epigynum broader than long and has paired funnel like openings. Male palp: median apophysis small, conductor big and apically broad, embolus fine arched. World Distribution: Holarctic (Platnick, 2011). Figs. 10-11. Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881) 10. Epigynum, ventral view. 11. Male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm 148 Genus Steatoda Sundevall, 1833 Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) (Figs. 12-13) Specimens examined: around Volfram, 08.07.2006, 39°; Kestel, Osmaniye, 24.08.2006, 1; Gézede, 24.08.2006, 29 9; Alacam, 26.10.2006, 2° 9. Description: Total body length 5.5-6 mm in females and 3.5 mm in male. Carapace and sternum brown to black, without granulations. Abdomen brownish black, dorsum with a series of white median spots and lateral lines, venter black with white markings. Legs yellowish brown with dark annulations. Epigynal plate and groove large, transverse band broad. Endites of males with distinct protuberances. Male palp: median apophysis strongly angulate and pointing finger-like away from the bulbus. World Distribution: Cosmopolitan (Platnick, 2011). Figs. 12-13. Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) 12. Epigynum, ventral view. 13. Male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm WS HE SS ee TSK SS ——S SSH AY \ | = aS NRA SS Fic, Oe Va ) Ws ‘ \ Figs. 14-15. Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 14. Epigynum, ventral view. 15. Male palp, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs. 14-15) Specimens examined: Sogukpinar, 03.06.2002, 299; around Sogukpinar, 05.06.2003, 5‘); Kirazli, Leylek Stone, 21.07.2003, 299, 14; Kadiyayla, 27.06.2004, 14; Bakacak, 27.06.2004, 299, 14; Gékgedren, 13.05.2005, 229; Kirazlryayla, 19.05.2005, 79%; Miirseller, 15.06.2005, 229, 344; around Oylat cave, 28.06.2005, 399, 10; Sogukpinar, Ketenlik, 12.08.2005, 19; Alacam, 01.10.2005, 399; Inkaya, 13.04.2006, 29; Sogukpinar, 19.05.2006, 399, 244; Karaislah-Sogukpinar crossroads, 19.05.2006, 479, 14; Sarialan, 26.06.2006, 19; Kiran-Ciftlik, 22.08.2006, 49%; Alacam, 26.10.2006, 19: Harmanalan 13 km, 08.03.2007, 1°. 149 Description: Total body length 5-6.5 mm in females and 4.5-5 mm in males. Carapace and sternum shiny brown to black with some lines and spots. Abdomen brownish black, dorsum with white lateral lines, venter black. Legs dark brown with some dark annulations. Epigynal plate square shaped and pointing posteriorly. Male palp: median apophysis and embolus big and thick. World Distribution: Holarctic (Platnick, 2011). Steatoda grossa (C.L. Koch, 1838) (Figs. 16-17) Specimens examined: Kusaklikaya, 12.06.2004, 19; Inayet, 25.06.2005, 299; Oylat, 28.06.2005, 19; Tahtakdprii, 28.06.2005, 19; Kaplikaya Valley, 30.07.2005, 229; Alagam, 23.10.2005, 399; Sogukpinar, 19.05.2006, 19; Inegél-Cayyaka, 5 km, 23.08.2006, 399; Kiran, 24.08.2006, 19; Alacam, 26.09.2006, 29 9: between Dedeler- Firuzkdy, 08.03.2007, 3° 9,14; before Dedeler-Orhaneli 3 km, 08.03.2007, 24; Keles- Dedeler, 08.03.2007, 49 9,1. Description: Total body length 8-9 mm in females and 6-6.5 mm in males. Carapace dark brown. Sternum yellowish brown. Abdomen purplish black, dorsum with white central triangles and white lateral lines, venter black with some light spots posteriorly. Legs brown. Epigynal plate round, epigynum with slender septum. Male palp: median apophysis small and hooked, embolus spiral shaped. World Distribution: Cosmopolitan (Platnick, 2011). Figs. 16-17. Steatoda grossa (C.L. Koch, 1838) 16. Epigynum, ventral view. 17. Male palp, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1805) (Figs. 18-19) Specimens examined: Orhaneli to Harmancik, 2 km, 20.05.2002, 399; Orhaneli to Harmancik, 6 km, 20.05.2002, 29 9; Tuzakli crossroads, 06.06.2002, 39.9, 14; Keles- Kocayayla, 07.07.2003, 299; Kocayayla to Bogazova, 07.07.2003, 499; Bakacak, 16.07.2003, 19; Kadiyayla, 27.06.2004, 19; Sarialan, 27.06.2004, 29 9; Seferitsiklar- Goéyniikbelen crossroads, 09.05.2005, 29%; Godkcebren,13.05.2005,19; Kirazli, 15.06.2005, 499,14; Inayet, 25.06.2005, 229, 2¢¢; Epgeler, 18.06.2005, 2293 Kadiyayla, 31.07.2005, 429, 14: Kestel, 20.10.2005, 14; inkaya, 13.04.2006, 299; Hiiseyinalan, 14.05.2006, 399; Gédkcedren, 19.05.2006, 299; Harmanalan, 13 km, 08.03.2007, 19; Pinarcik, 23.06.2006, 229; Dagdibi, 23.06.2006, 19; Yigitali, 23.04.2007, 19; Firuzkéy, 18.06.2007, 499, 2¢¢4; Daggiiney, 18.06.2007, 499; Fevziye, 20.06.2007, 19; Cayyaka, 20.06.2007, 12, 240. Description: Total body length 9-13 mm in females and 6-7 mm in males. Carapace and sternum dark brown to black, without granulations. Abdomen shiny black, encircled in front, dorsum with white central markings and white lateral lines, venter black with some light spots. Legs light brown with dark annulations. Epigynal plate rectangular, posterior projection strongly sclerotized. Male palp: median apophysis short and its tip hook- shaped, embolus extending above median apophysis. World Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean to Central Asia (Platnick, 2011). 150 Figs. 18-19. Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1805) 18. Epigynum, ventral view. 19. Male palp, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) (Figs. 20-21) Specimens examined: Kirazli, 21.07.2003, 19; Alacam, 01.10.2005, 299; Alagam, 25.06.2006, 19,244 ; Alacam, 28.06.2006, 14. Description: Total body length 5.5-7 mm in females and 3-4 mm in males. Carapace and sternum shiny brown without granulations in females and with some granulations in males. Abdomen shiny black, dorsum with white triangular markings and white lateral lines, venter black with some light spots posteriorly. Legs yellowish brown with dark annulations. Epigynal plate with narrow openings. Male palp very slender, median apophysis with s-shaped tip, embolus short. World Distribution: Cosmopolitan (Platnick, 2011). 21 / Figs. 20-21. Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) 20. Epigynum, ventral view. 21. Male palp, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm Genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 Theridion mystaceum L. Koch, 1870 (Figs. 22-23) Specimens examined: Kaplikaya Valley, 25.06.2004, 299; Kadiyayla, 31.07.2005, 19.14; Sarialan, 05.08.2005, 19; Kozludren, 20.06.2006, 19,14; Sayfiye K6yii, 20.06.2006, 1:4; Babasultan, 20.06.2006, 299, 14; Alagam, 25.06.2006, 3% 'Y: GékceGren, 30.06.2006, 499; Sorgun, 10.07.2006, 399, 14; Akincilar, 16.07.2006, 3‘); Gelemig, 18.07.2006, 12; Alacam, 30.06.2007, 399. Description: Total body length 2-2.5 mm in females and 1.5-2 mm in males. Carapace brown with dark margins. Sternum brown. Abdomen grey to black with central light stripe, venter dark brown with white spot behind epigastric furrow. Legs yellowish with dark annulations. Epigynal opening circular shaped, ducts visible. Male palp: conductor with small projecting tip, embolus short. World Distribution: Palaearctic (Platnick, 2011). 151 Figs. 22-23. Theridion mystaceum L. Koch, 1870 22. Epigynum, ventral view. 23. Male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm Theridion varians Hahn, 1833 (Fig.24) Specimens examined: Tuzakli crossroads, 06.06.2002, 19; Gékgedren, 13.05.2005, 2°93 Tuzakh, 13.05.2005,19; Kirazli, 15.06.2005, 229; Fevziye, 25.06.2005, 19; Oylat, 28.06.2005, 299; Alagam, 01.10.2005, 19; KozluGren, 20.06.2006, 292°; Sayfiye, 20.06.2006, 19; inegél-Yenice, 16.07.2006, 19; Biyiklialan, 18.07.2006, 29°: Gelemig, 18.07.2006, 19; Alagam, 26.08.2006, 32 9; Alacam, 26.10.2006, 19; between Kozlu6ren and Babasultan, 26.10.2006, 19; Alacam, 02.06.2007, 49 9. Description: Total body length 3-3.5 mm in females. Carapace pale brown with dark median band. Sternum white, laterally darker. Abdomen reddish brown with dark dorso- median stripe. Legs whitish with dark annulations. Epigynal opening longer than wide and apple-shaped. World Distribution: Holarctic (Platnick, 2011). 24 Fig. 24. Theridion varians Hahn, 1833 24. Epigynum, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm Acknowledgment We would like to thank Dr. Ruziye Daskin (Uludag University) for her help in the field studies. References Akman, Y. 1990. /klim ve Biyoiklim. Palme Yayinlari. Ankara. 2 Bayram, A. 2002. Distributions of Turkish Spiders. In: Zoogeography of Turkey. Demirsoy, A.. Ed. Meteksan. Ankara. 1005 pp. Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danisman, T. 2010. The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey. Version 10.1.0. Online at http://www.spidersofturkey.com Daskin, R. & Kaynak, G. 2010. Vascular Flora of Uludag Mt (Bursa, Turkey)-I. Phytologia Balcanica, 16(3): 367-381. Giileryiiz, G. 2000. Uludag Alpin Cigekleri. Bursa Valilizi i] Turizm Miidiirligii. Bursa. Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp. Karol, S. 1967. Tiirkiye Oriimcekleri I. On Liste. Ankara Universitesi Fen Fakiiltesi Yayinlari. Ankara. Kaya, R.S. & Ugurtas, |.H. 2008. The orb-weaver spiders (Araneae, Araneidae) of Uludag Mountain, Bursa. Turkish Journal of Arachnology, 1(2): 160-165. Kulezynski, W. 1903. Arachnoidea in Asia Minore et ad Constantinopolim a Dre F. Werner collecta. Sitz.-ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 112: 627-680. Levy, G. 1998. Araneae: Theridiidae. In Fauna Palaestina, Arachnida II]. \srael Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. Levy, G. & Amitai, P. 1982. The cobweb spider genus Steatoda (Araneae, Theridiidae) of Israel and Sinai. Zoologica Scripta, 11: 13-30. Nentwig, W., Hinggi, A., Kropf, C. & Blick, T. 2003. Spinnen Mitteleuropas/Central European Spiders. An internet identification key. http://www.araneae.unibe.ch Version 8.12.2003. Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DOI: 10.5531/db.iz.0001. Roberts, M.J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp. Topgu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serket, 9(4): 109- 140. Uyar, Z., Kaya, R.S. & Ugurtas, I.H. 2010. Systematics of the philodromid spider fauna of Uludag Mountain region (Araneae: Philodromidae) with a review of the Philodromidae in Turkey. Serket, 12(2): 47-60. Yilmaz, Z., Ugurtas, [.H. & Kaya, R.S. 2009. The crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) of Uludag Mountain. Journal of Biological & Environmental Sciences, 3(7): 11-16. 33 Serket (2011) vol. 12(4): 154-157. The spider fauna of islands of Lake Uluabat, Turkey Rahsen S. Kaya‘, ismail Hakki Ugurtas | Kadir Bogac Kunt* & Abdulmiittalip Akkaya ' ' Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Uludag University, TR-16059, Niliifer, Bursa, Turkey * Poligon Sitesi, 71/27-B, TR-06810, Dodurga, Cayyolu, Ankara, Turkey Corresponding e-mail address: rkaya@uludag.edu.tr, rahsens@gmail.com Abstract The survey of the spider fauna of islands of Lake Uluabat (Bursa), western part of Turkey, was conducted during the years 2003-2005. A total of 64 spider species belonging to 54 genera and 25 families were collected. The fauna showed that Palaearctic species are dominant. Keywords: Araneae, Island fauna, Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Introduction Lake Uluabat is located in Bursa, North-western part of Turkey, lying east to west, south of the Marmara Sea. The length of the lake from east to west is approximately 15 km. Lake Uluabat is one of the most important area for wetlands of Turkey. There are 8 major islands located in the Lake Uluabat (Fig. 1). The land of the islands is mainly composed of grasslands, rocky habitats and large farming areas (cultivated olives) also available. The coastal region of the islands is covered with reeds. The spiders of the world comprise 42473 described species (Platnick, 2011), of which about 717 spider species are known in Turkey (Topcu e7 al., 2005, Bayram e7 al., 2010). Despite the huge increase in the studies on Turkish spiders during recent years, there are still many regions of the country that remain poorly studied. However, some spider records from Lake Uluabat can be found in the paper of Kaya & Ugurtas (2007). The purpose of this study is to make contribution to the spider diversity of Turkey. Material and Methods The specimens were collected from the islands of Lake Uluabat in the spring and summer months of 2003-2005. The collection was performed by hand aspirator, sweeping net, and beating bushes and trees. The specimens were preserved in 5% glycerin alcohol and deposited in the Zoology Museum of Department of Biology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey. The taxonomy and general distribution of all species follows Platnick (2011). —— Lake border ---- Marsh border rd TURKEY ~—— Ramsar area ia ae Fig. 1. Map showing the islands in the Lake Uluabat, from which the spiders have been collected. Results In this study, a total of 1198 adult individuals of 64 species from 54 genera and 25 families were collected in the Islands of Lake Uluabat from 2003-2005, including: ' | Ctenizidae, | Scytodidae, 1 Pholcidae, 2 Segestriidae, 2 Dysderidae, | Mimetidae, | Eresidae, 1 Uloboridae, 2 Theridiidae, 1 Linyphiidae, 3 Tetragnathidae, 8 Araneidae, 6 Lycosidae, | Pisauridae, | Oxyopidae, 4 Agelenidae, | Dictynidae, | Amourobiidae, | Titanoecidae, 1 Miturgidae, 8 Gnaphosidae, 1 Sparassidae, 2 Philodromidae, 7 Thomisidae and 6 Salticidae. The spider species recorded from the study area are given in Table (1). In this study, the richest spider families, of number of species, were Araneidae : and Gnaphosidae. This was followed by crab-spiders, Thomisidae, wolf spiders, Lycosidae, and jumping spiders, Salticidae. Araneidae, Gnaphosidae, Thomisidae and Salticidae were represented by the greatest number of genera. Concerning habitats, most of the species were found in reeds and forest areas. Among them, Tetragnathids and Araneids were the most abundant families. The zoogeographic classification of the spiders, on the basis of literature data reflecting their current distribution, shows that Palaearctic species are dominant (Platnick, 2011). Table 1. The spider species collected from the islands of Lake Uluabat, Bursa. Families / Species World Distribution Ris, ame eof a i ee ee aan 155 [3 PHOLODAE WL iD ee ol [ 4. SEGESTRIDAR. 0 Ariadna insidiatrix Audouin, 1826 Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790) Europe to Georgia Li Lasoo . [7 ERESIDAB 0) ge ND aaa [ 8. ULOBORIDAB, == >see itaRS Se A 9. THERIDIDAE coe 0 Nene (ana a | 10. LINYPHUDAE SS [11 TERAGNATHIDAR] | [a2 ARANEIDAE. 1 so lag Uae Glyptogona sextuberculata (Keyserling, 1863) | 13. LYCOSIDAE. 987" i Se oe al Alopecosa fabrilis (Clerck, 1757) Holaretic [_14. PISAURIDAE (77 G0" (Ve TT rs ea a | 1S:OXYOPIDAE? "k's TRWULA IT Wt PUI Tesi Sate a [16 AGENDA E siya ec Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) LE , Mediterranean to Allagelena gracilens (C.L. Koch, 1841) peal i me coeled Maimuna vestita (C.L. Koch, 1841) 17. DICTYNIDAE Ee i Unie Sac Dictyna latens (Fabricius, 1775) Europe to Central Asia 156 | 18. AMAUROBIIDAE i ae eee Amaurobius fenestralis (Strém, 1768) Europe to Central Asia 19. TITANOECIDAE aia saa Nurscia albosignata Simon, 1874 Bulgaria, Cyprus to Central Asia SS a a eT 23. PHILODROMIDAE ee Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802) Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870 Europe, Iran, Azerbaijan 24. THOMISIDAE Jil), 2 ) Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) ae a SS Canary Islands to Central Asia Palaearctic ee ne Canary Islands to Azerbaijan; Menemerus semilimbatus (Hahn, 1829) Riana USA Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761) Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757) Holarctic Acknowledgment We are indebted to Uluda& University (The Scientific Research Project no: 2003/8) for its financial support. References Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danisman, T. 2010. The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey. Version 10.1.0. Online at http://www.spidersofturkey.com Kaya, R.S. & Ugurtas, |.H. 2007. A faunistic study on spiders (Araneae) of Terzioglu Island (Uluabat Lake, Bursa). Journal of Biological & Environmental Sciences, \(1): 31-36. Platnick, N.I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 12.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DOI: 10.553 1/db.iz.0001. Topgu, A., Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2005. A Checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Serker, 9(4): 109-140. £7 ERRATA linyphid = linyphiid Linyphidae = Linyphiidae In Contents of Serket 12(4) and p. 141: Title, Abstract, and Introduction ip PAN PAP, = ewe Pir We an : aoe ae vey ] Nee ie ; a Pa Py hee 0 Aa : ioe al 4 ar ry a J, ee, an i” cAd 4 i ' D ‘ | ~Serket = Sarkat. American Museum of Natural History Received on: 01-24-12 AMNH LIBRARY VUONINNI 100213405 ; . ry) y ; ¥ ig = ; “ ze ily ‘ é r ay S : : ‘ f ; » Z eV i pels > ey + * “ bo / am at ) va ¥ a . “ - ae ‘