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Proposed Forest Land and Resource Management Plan
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Forest Plan
Table of Contents
Chapters
Chapter 1- Introduction Chapter 2- Public Issues
Chapter 3- Summary of the Analysis of the Management Situation
Chapter 4- Management Direction
Chapter 5- Monitoring and Evaluation Requirements
Appendices
Appendix A - Required Resource/Implementation Plans Appendix B - Research and Technical Planning Needs Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program Appendix D - Timber Data
Appendix E -Water Quality -- Best Management Practices
Appendix F- Developed Recreation Sites - Acres/Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Classes Appendix G - Fish, Wildlife, and Botany (see Draft EIS)
Appendix H - Budgets and their Relationship to the Forest Plan Appendix I - Timber Land Suitability Criteria
Appendix J - Description of Silvicultural Treatments Used in Timber Management Prescriptions Appendix K - Road Construction, Maintenance and Use Standards Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices Appendix M- Fire Management Program
Appendix N - McCloud River Coordinated Resource Management Plan Appendix O - Soil Quality Standards Appendix P - Sensitive and Endemic Plant List Appendix Q - Wilderness Opportunity Class Descriptions
Forest Plan
Table of Contents
Page
Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1
A. Purpose of the Proposed Forest Plan 1-1
B. Relationship of the Forest Plan to Other Plans 1-1
C. Plan Implementation Process 1-2
D. Forest Plan Amendments and Revisions 1-2
E. Plan Organization 1-2
F. Public Review and Appeal Rights 1-3
Chapter 2 Public Issues 2-1
A. Summary of Public Issues 2-1
B. Public Issues
Biological Diversity 2-1
Cultural Resources 2-1
Facilities 2-2
Fire and Fuels 2-2
Fisheries/Water 2-2
Human and Community Development 2-3
Minerals 2-3
Range 2-3
Recreation 2-4
Riparian Areas 2-4
Special Areas 2-4
Timber 2-5
Visual Quality 2-6
Wild and Scenic Rivers 2-6
Wilderness and Roadless Areas 2-7
Forest Plan
Table of Contents (continued)
Page
Chapter 3 Summary of the Analysis of the Management Situation . .3-1
A. Introduction 3-1
B. Existing Situation 3-1
C. The Economic Environment 3-1
D. The Social Environment 3-3
E. Resource Environment 3-5
Air Quality 3-5
Biological Diversity 3-5
Biomass 3-6
Botany 3-6
Cultural Resources 3-7
Facilities 3-8
Fire and Fuels 3-9
Fisheries 3-9
Forest Pests 3-11
Geology 3-12
Lands 3-12
Law Enforcement 3-13
Minerals 3-13
Range 3-14
Recreation 3-14
Riparian Areas 3-16
Soils 3-16
Special Areas .3-17
Timber 3-18
Visual Quality 3-20
Water 3-20
Wild and Scenic Rivers 3-21
Forest Plan
Table of Contents (continued)
Page
Chapter 3 E. Resource Environment (continued)
Wilderness and Roadless Areas 3-21
Wildlife 3-22
F. Production Potential 3-26
G. Resource Uses and Development Opportunities 3-26
Chapter 4 Management Direction 4-1
A. Introduction 4-1
B. Forest Goals 4-4
C. Forest Objectives 4-6
D. Desired Future Conditions 4-6
E. Forest Standards and Guidelines 4-11
F. Management Prescriptions 4-27
Prescription I - Unroaded N on-motorized Recreation 4-29
Prescription II - Limited Roaded Motorized Recreation 4-31
Prescription III - Roaded Recreation 4-33
Prescription IV - Roaded, High Density Recreation 4-35
Prescription V - Wilderness Management 4-37
Prescription VI - Wildlife Habitat Management 4-40
Prescription VII - Threatened, Endangered, and Selected
Sensitive Species 4-42
Prescription VIII - Timber Management 4-45
Prescription IX - Riparian Management 4-46
Prescription X - Special Area Management 4-53
Prescription XI - Cultural Resource Management 4-55
Management Area (MA) Direction 4-57
MA 1 - Porcupine Butte 4-61
MA 2 - McCloud Flats 4-67
MA 3 - Mt. Shasta 4-73
Forest Plan
Table of Contents (continued)
Page
Chapter 4 Management Area Direction (continued)
MA 4 - Forest Wildernesses
Castle Crags 4-79
Chanchelulla 4-83
Mt. Shasta 4-87
Trinity Alps 4-91
Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel 4-97
MA 5 - Parks-Eddy 4-101
MA 6 - Upper Trinity 4-107
MA 7 - Weaverville/Lewiston 4-113
MA 8 - National Recreation Area 4-115
MA 9 - Slate-Delta 4-129
MA 1 0 - McCloud River 4-133
MA 11 - Pit 4-139
MA12-Nosoni 4-143
MA 13 -Front 4-147
MA 14 - New River/North Fork/Canyon Creek 4-151
MA 1 5 - Trinity River .4-155
MA 16 - Corral Bottom 4-159
MA 17 - Hayfork Creek 4-163
MA 18 -Hayfork 4-167
MA 19 - Indian Valley/Rattlesnake 4-171
MA 20 - South Fork Mountain 4-175
MA 21 - Wildwood 4-181
MA 22 - Beegum 4-187
Chapter 5 Monitoring and Evaluation Requirements 5*1
A. Introduction 5-1
B. Monitoring System 5-1
C. Evaluation Reports 5-2
Forest Plan
Table of Contents (continued)
Page
Appendices
Appendix A - Required Resource/Implementation Plans A-1
Appendix B - Research and Technical Planning Needs B-1
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program C-1
Appendix D - Timber Data D-1
Appendix E - Water Quality -- Best Management Practices E-1
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites - Acres/Recreation
Opportunity Spectrum Classes F-1
Appendix G - Fish, Wildlife, and Botany (see Draft EIS)
Appendix H - Budgets and their Relationship to the Forest Plan H-1
Appendix i - Timber Land Suitability Criteria 1-1
Appendix J - Description of Silvicultural Treatments Used in
Timber Management Prescriptions J-1
Appendix K - Road Construction, Maintenance and Use Standards K-1
Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices L-1
Appendix M - Fire Management Program M-1
Appendix N - McCloud River Coordinated Resource Management Plan . . . N-1
Appendix O - Soil Quality Standards 0-1
Appendix P - Sensitive and Endemic Plant List P-1
Appendix Q - Wilderness Opportunity Class Descriptions Q-1
Forest Plan Chapter 1 Table of Contents
Page
Chapter 1 - Introduction 1-1
A. Purpose of the Proposed Forest Plan 1-1
B. Relationship of the Forest Plan to Other Plans .1-1
C. Plan Implementation Process 1-2
D. Forest Plan Amendments and Revisions 1-2
E. Plan Organization 1-2
F. Public Review and Appeal Rights 1-3
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Purpose of the Proposed A Forest Plan
This proposed National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (proposed Forest Plan) has been prepared to guide the management of the Shasta and Trinity National Forests. The primary goals of this Plan are to integrate a mix of management activities that allow use and protection of forest resources, meet the needs of guiding legislation, and address local, regional, and national issues. To accomplish these goals, the proposed Forest Plan would do the following:
1 . Establish Forest-wide multiple use goals and objec- tives; objectives are short-term and long-range tar- gets or projections;
2. Establish Forest-wide standards and guidelines to fulfill National Forest Management Act (NFMA) re- quirements relating to future management ac- tivities;
3. Designate Management Areas and establish direc- tion which applies to future management activities;
4. Designate land suitability for timber production;
5. Establish an allowable sale quantity;
6. Make non-wilderness multiple use allocations for those roadless areas released by the 1984 California Wilderness Act;
7. Include monitoring and evaluation requirements;
8. Provide information for the development of pro- gram and budget proposals; and
9. Provide a source of resource inventory data for Resource Planning Act (RPA) assessments.
The alternative presented in this document (Preferred Alternative) contains specific management actions for the next 10-15 years (the planning period) and com- patible long-range Forest objectives for the next 50 years (the planning horizon).
The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Plan- ning Act (RPA), as amended by the NFMA, requires Forest Plans. Assessment of its environmental impacts is
1
required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the implementing regulations of NFMA. This assessment of environmental impacts is contained in an accompanying document, the Draft Environmental Im- pact Statement (Draft EIS).
Relationship of the Forest Plan to B Other Plans
The Forest Plan establishes integrated land management direction, including time frames for implementing, monitoring, and evaluating projects, activities, programs, and budgeting within the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Therefore, the proposed Forest Plan either supersedes existing plans or incorporates them by reference.
Existing plans that would be superseded by this proposed Forest Plan include the following:
Ranger District Multiple Use Plans;
Timber Management Plans; and
Unit Plans:
--Medicine Lake --Upper Trinity.
Coals, objectives, and standards and guidelines from existing plans, incorporated by reference, are described in Appendix A. These plans would be brought into con- formance with the Forest Plan where necessary.
In addition to superseding or incorporating existing plans, resource/implementation plans would be developed during the planning period. These special area manage- ment plans and implementation plans, intended for specific resources or programs, would rely on the Forest Plan for a broad "umbrella" of direction. These plans would be in full compliance with and incorporated into the Forest Plan as completed.
In February 1989, the Pacific Southwest Region issued a Vegetation Management for Reforestation Final ESS and Record of Decision which selected the continued use of the full range of treatment methods, including her- bicides. This Final ESS is hereby incorporated by refer- ence.
Future project level environmental analyses would tier directly to this Plan and its accompanying Final EiS.
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Chapter 1 - Introduction
Plan Implementation Process
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The Forest Plan would provide three levels of direction: (1) general Forest-wide management direction; (2) direc- tion specific to each management prescription (or type of land allocation); and (3) specific (or supplemental) direction for each management area within the Forests.
The plan implementation process provides the framework for translating management direction into actual projects or activities which are consistent with the environmental and administrative objectives of the Forest Plan. After approval of the Plan, the Forest Super- visor would ensure that, subject to valid existing rights, all outstanding and future permits, contracts, coopera- tive agreements, and other instruments for occupancy and use of affected lands would conform to the Plan.
If a proposed project is determined to be incompatible with the direction in the Forest Plan, the action would be revised or not permitted. Recurring conflicts may result in review of the relevant plan direction and monitoring and evaluation process (Chapter 5) to determine whether a plan amendment or revision is needed to the Forest Plan.
The Forest Plan would be implemented on each of the seven Ranger Districts. Projects would continue to be planned and evaluated through the interdisciplinary process. District and Forest staffs would conduct environ- mental analyses for projects and document them in appropriate environmental documents which would be tiered to the Final EIS.
Forest Plan Amendments and D Revisions
In accordance with NFMA, the Forest Plan will normally be revised every 10 years (at least every 15). The Plan may also be revised whenever the Forest Supervisor determines that conditions or demands, including RPA policies, have changed enough to affect Plan implemen- tation or when triggered by monitoring results (Chapter 5). For the above reasons, the Forest Supervisor is re- quired to review conditions of the lands covered by this Plan at least every five years. Plan revisions require Regional Forester approval.
Plan amendments may occur whenever monitoring re- quirements indicate a need for change. The Forest Super- visor can approve amendments to the Plan if they are determined to be non-significant. Significant amend- ments require Regional Forester approval. Public notifica- tion and adherence to NEPA is required in any case.
Plan Organization
E
This Forest Plan has five chapters:
-Chapter 1 - Introduction;
-Chapter 2 - Public Issues. This chapter discusses the issues that were established at the start of the planning process and how they are resolved;
-Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Management Situation. This chapter summarizes the Draft EIS 'Affected Environment' (Chapter III). It describes the management situation, supply and demand, and resource uses and development oppor- tunities;
-Chapter 4 - Management Direction. This chapter is the heart of the Plan. It contains the Forest goals and objectives, Forest standards and guidelines, manage- ment prescriptions to be applied to land areas, and management area direction. The management area maps in this chapter show where the prescriptions are applied;
-Chapter 5 - Monitoring and Evaluation Require- ments. This chapter sets the requirements for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the Forest Plan.
A map packet also accompanies the Forest Plan. In- cluded in this packet are the following maps to supple- ment written direction.
-Off-highway Vehicle (OF1V) Management Plan -Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Classifications -Visual Quality Objectives -Wilderness and Released Roadless Areas - Alternative Maps
The maps which accompany this Plan are primarily il- lustrative in nature and must be used in conjunction with the written direction contained in this Plan. While logical and readily identifiable boundaries (roads, ridges, etc.) are used wherever possible, the limitations of accuracy and precision inherent in the map scale must be recog- nized. For example, streamside protection zones or cor- ridors which are only 200 feet wide do not appear on the Plan map. However, when these areas are identified in the field, standards and guidelines for Prescription IX (Riparian Management) would apply.
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Chapter 1 - Introduction
Public Review and Appeal Rights
F
The public is encouraged to review both the proposed Forest Plan and the accompanying Draft EIS and to comment on the analysis and proposals. These draft documents will be amended in response to public comments, after which the Forest Plan and Final EIS will be forwarded to the Regional Forester for approval.
An administrative appeal of his decision to approve the Plan and EIS can be filed according to the Code of Federal Regulations (36 CFR Part 217). Decisions made during the Forest planning process, prior to the Regional Forester approving the Plan through a record of decision, are not subject to administrative appeal.
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CHAPTER 2
Public Issues
Forest Plan Chapter 2 Table of Contents
Page
Chapter 2 - Public Issues 2-1
A. Summary of Public Issues 2-1
B. Public Issues
Biological Diversity 2-1
Cultural Resources 2-1
Facilities 2-2
Fire and Fuels 2-2
Fisheries/Water 2-2
Human and Community Development 2-3
Minerals 2-3
Range 2-3
Recreation 2-4
Riparian Areas 2-4
Special Areas 2-4
Timber 2-5
Visual Quality 2-6
Wild and Scenic Rivers 2-6
Wilderness and Roadless Areas 2-7
CHAPTER 2 Public Issues
Summary of Public Issues
A
The scoping process, conducted early in the planning process, identified important public issues. These issues represent important reasons for considering changes in the current management direction. They were also in- strumental in formulating this proposed Forest Plan and the alternatives considered in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (Draft EIS). More detailed information on the scoping process and public issues can be found in Chapter I and Appendix A of the Draft EIS.
Following are the 21 major public issues and how the Preferred Alternative (proposed Forest Plan) deals with each.
Public Issues
B
Cultural Resources
Issue #1 How should the Forests effectively provide identification, protection, and interpretation of archaeological, historical, and religious sites?
Many traditional Indian religious sites/areas or practices, such as the gathering of religious materials, involve Na- tional Forest lands. In addition, there are numerous ar- chaeological and historical values on these lands.
Disposition: The identification, management, and protection of archaeological, historical, and religious sites is addressed in the Forest Standards and Guidelines and in the Cultural Resource Management allocations (Prescription XI) where needed. Prescription XI has been assigned to approximately 300 of the best examples of cultural resource sites. These sites would receive added management emphasis such as interpretation, protec- tion measures, adaptive reuse, and research. Subject to available funding, these sites would be formally nominated to the National Register of Historic Places. Sites which are not eligible for Prescription XI would be protected by Forest Standards and Guidelines. Manage- ment plan direction would be evaluated periodically through a formalized monitoring plan. Implementation of this Plan maintains the rights of Native Americans to gather forest products and conduct religious ceremonies.
Biological Diversity
Issue #2 How should the Forests' vegetative resources be managed for ecosystem diversity? Special consideration would be given to providing habitats that maintain or enhance popula- tions of threatened and endangered (T&E) species and viable populations of sensitive species and/or manage- ment indicators.
There is public concern that a wide variety of ecosystems should be maintained on the Forests to specifically pro- vide for the:
1. Maintenance and/or enhancement of habitats for Federally listed T&E species (plants and animals);
2. Maintenance and/or enhancement of habitats suf- ficient to provide for viable populations of all other existing species (plants and animals);
3. Maintenance and/or enhancement of the Forests' ecosystems and the biodiversity (plants and animals) associated with them; and
4. Maintenance and/or enhancement of special ele- ments or components of these ecosystems (i.e., snags, down logs, cliffs, vegetative serai stages, etc.).
Disposition: The maintenance and/or improvement of wildlife habitats and their diversity is addressed in the Forest Standards and Guidelines. These Standards and Guidelines include retaining a minimum of five percent of each vegetative/seral stage over time. They also pro- vide for special habitat components of diversity: eveness, richness, and pattern. Sn addition, the management in- dicators would be managed to average moderate levels of habitat capability models (see Appendix G). Also, Prescriptions VI (Wildlife Habitat Management) and VII (Threatened, Endangered, and Selected Sensitive Species) have been developed specifically for wildlife. To assess effects of management practices on diversity and associated components such as older over-mature habitat, snags, etc., an extensive monitoring program is proposed.
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Chapter 2 - Public Issues
Issue #3 How much of the older vegetative serai stages existing on the Forests should be retained?
There is public concern that sufficient amounts of old growth habitats be retained and/or enhanced on the Forests to provide for the:
1. Viability of all species (plants and animals) requir- ing this type of habitat for all or part of their life cycle; and
2. Sufficient representation and retention of this ecosystem component for the sake of maintaining vegetative biodiversity.
Disposition: The importance of maintaining and manag- ing older over-mature habitat is addressed in: (1) the Forest and prescription-specific standards and guidelines; (2) the allocation of over 1,203,000 forested acres to prescriptions which have little or no timber harvest scheduled, including about 541,000 acres in Prescription VII (i.e., includes spotted owl territories which would be managed to perpetuate older over-ma- ture habitat conditions); and (3) the use of older over- mature habitat associated species as indicators to be managed to average moderate levels of habitat capability models. To assess the effects of management practices on older over-mature habitat and associated com- ponents, an extensive monitoring program is proposed. It is predicted that there would be 334,172 acres of older over-mature habitat existing at the end of the fifth decade compared to 263,000 acres that exist today.
Facilities
Issue #4 How many miles of additional roads are needed and to what standard should they be constructed and maintained in order to meet future needs?
Roads create impacts directly on the landscape and indirectly on other resources by making access easier for users. At issue is the amount of additional reading needed and to what standard they should be maintained. Also of concern is whether or not the roads should remain open to public use.
Disposition: Road construction would average 22 miles a year in the first decade and be down to 5 miles a year by the fifth decade. Road reconstruction would remain relatively constant at about 20 miles per year. Proper management and maintenance of the Forest road sys- tem, to permit safe travel and minimize erosion, is ad- dressed in the Forest and management prescription Standards and Guidelines. Specific requirements for
roads, as they relate to riparian values, are found in Management Prescription IX, (Riparian Management). Roads would be constructed or reconstructed in such a manner that a stable road prism would be established. Each road would be assigned a specific maintenance level and all roads would be maintained to at least maintenance level 1. Surfacing on the Forests' arterial road system would be upgraded. First priorities for main- tenance would be to protect natural resources and pro- vide for user safety. Road closures would be used to protect resources and road surfaces, to provide safety, and for fire situations. A public information program would accompany any road closure program.
Fire and Fuels
Issue #5 To what extent should prescribed burning be used as a way to reduce fuel hazards, prepare sites for reforestation, and improve wildlife habitat?
Prescribed burning is the intentional burning of a predetermined area for planned objectives. At issue is the Forest Service's ability to balance beneficial uses of prescribed fire with the negative consequences of burn- ing, such as smoke, energy waste, loss of soil protection, and modification of wildlife habitat.
Disposition: The use of prescribed fire for fire hazard reduction and other resource management (e.g., wildlife habitat improvement), as well as the means to mitigate its effects, is addressed in the Forest standards and guidelines and management prescriptions. These stand- ards and guidelines emphasize utilization of activity fuels over prescribed burning. Fuel treatments would em- phasize biomass utilization and firewood availability while maintaining enough woody material to meet wildlife needs and provide watershed protection. Prescribed fire, while not emphasized, would still take place to accomplish management objectives. Prescribed burning would be initiated only on approved burn days as specified by the Air Pollution Control District.
Fisheries/Water
Issue #6 How should watersheds be managed to maintain or enhance water quality and fisheries?
The Shasta-Trinity National Forests contain the head- waters of two important watersheds in the State: the Sacramento and Trinity Rivers. These watersheds provide high quality water that has a broad variety of uses, including that of supporting an important anadromous fishery (salmon and steelhead).
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Chapter 2 - Public Issues
Disposition: Forest Standards and Guidelines, manage- ment prescriptions, Best Management Practices (BMPs), Management Prescription IX Standards and Guidelines (riparian standards), special mitigation measures, and supplemental management area direction would protect the viability of the Forests' sensitive watercourses and their inhabitants. This direction prohibits scheduled har- vest within riparian areas along perennial streams and on extremely steep and unstable areas (inner gorges). It also prohibits the use of chemical herbicides and broadcast burning within riparian areas and calls for protection of streambank vegetation. It calls for locating roads across streamcourses only in areas where water quality and fishery impacts would be minimized. Roads and trails would be located to avoid wetlands and wet meadows. In addition, existing stream crossings would be evaluated to assess their potential failure and the affects from a 100 year flood. If the affects are unacceptable, steps would be taken to upgrade the crossing. Riparian area conflicts would be resolved in favor of wildlife and fisheries. The effects of forest management practices on water quality and fisheries (and the need for any additional mitigation) would be assessed as described in the monitoring plan.
Human and Community Development
Issue #7 What activities and outputs should be provided to maintain community stability?
For most small communities stability is largely a matter of economics. Forest activities affect local economies in several ways: (1) jobs are created from Forest resources, primarily timber harvesting; and (2) payments of Forest Service shared receipts help build roads and support local schools.
Disposition: The need to promote community stability (to the extent that Forest personnel have an influence), is addressed through the integration of multiple resource standards and guidelines. Forest standards and guidelines, management prescriptions, and manage- ment area direction help provide for safe use and enjoy- ment of various resources and the production of goods and services. An estimated 3,600 jobs would be main- tained or created through implementation of this Plan. This would be about a 40 percent reduction from recent levels. County receipts would be about 5.4 million dol- lars. This would be a 10 percent reduction from recent historical levels.
Minerals
Issue #8 How can mineral development and exploration be encouraged while
minimizing adverse impacts to non- mineral surface resources?
Concern exists that minerals and energy development is not being recognized as a valid use of National Forest land.
Disposition: Minerals activities are recognized as a valid use of National Forest land. This is evidenced by the goal statement and standards and guidelines that are designed to minimize the impacts on mineral activities. Mineral activities are encouraged, consistent with other resource needs. Monitoring would be done to assure that minerals activities are carried out as required by the terms of operating plans.
Issue #9 Is livestock grazing an appropriate use of wilderness? If so, how should conflicts be minimized between live- stock use and recreationists?
There is concern that livestock grazing can degrade the attributes associated with primitive recreation within Wilderness.
Disposition: Established livestock grazing would be al- lowed to continue on allotments within Wildernesses. Minimizing conflicts between grazing and wilderness values is addressed in the Forest standards and guidelines.
Issue #10 How should livestock grazing be managed to minimize degradation of riparian areas?
There is concern that livestock grazing in riparian areas diminishes vegetation, breaks down stream banks, and adversely affects fish and wildlife habitat, as well as water quality.
Disposition: Resolving adverse resource conflicts in riparian areas within livestock grazing allotments is ad- dressed in the Range Standards and Guidelines and in specific direction for Riparian Management (Manage- ment Prescription IX). The riparian standards explicitly require that necessary administrative measures be taken to assure that grazing within riparian areas is in accordance with riparian area goals.
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Chapter 2 - Public Issues
Recreation
Issue #11 How much of the Forests should be open, closed, or restricted to off- highway vehicle (OHV) use?
Concern exists that OHV use can cause damage to other resources such as soils and wildlife. The use of OHVs has increased while the lands open to this use have diminished. Conflicts can also occur between various OHV users and other recreationists.
Disposition: A wide range of OHV use is provided. Type, degree of control, and location of use varies by prescrip- tion. Each prescription has specific OHV direction. OHV use is restricted in areas rated highly erodible and where OHV use would conflict with other resource manage- ment objectives. In some areas use is restricted to roads or trails. About 239,175 acres are open to cross-country summertime use. About 81 0 miles of roads are closed to OHV summer use. An estimated 1 76,200 acres are avail- able for wintertime use. About 815 miles of roads are closed to OHV winter use. About 500,000 acres would be closed to all types of OHV use. There are no roads open only to OHV use.
Issue #12 How should the Forests supply water-oriented recreation facilities and opportunities to meet increasing demand?
There is a statewide public need for additional water- oriented recreation activities. The Forests have the poten- tial to supply most forms of water-oriented recreation. However, the current supply of support facilities will not meet estimated demand. Conflicts are occurring be- tween different types of use.
Disposition: Areas with significant water-oriented recreation opportunities are maintained by prescriptions appropriate to the intended use. The prescriptions in- clude extensive areas of Roaded Recreation (Prescription III) allocations associated primarily with both units of the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA). Designated and proposed wild, scenic, and recreation river values are maintained by assigning 1 /4 mile corridors on both sides of the rivers to Unroaded Non-Motorized Recreation (Prescription I), Limited Roaded Motorized Recreation (Prescription II), or Roaded Recreation (Prescription III), depending on the proposed classification of the river segments. Other major streams, lakes, and reservoirs are maintained through assignment of areas bordering the water to Riparian Management (Prescription IX). There is a suffi- cient supply of water-oriented opportunities to meet anticipated demand; however, these opportunities can- not be realized until additional facilities are constructed.
Riparian Areas
Issue #13 How wide should riparian manage- ment zones (RMZs) be and what management activities should be al- lowed within them?
Forest management activities have the potential to affect water quality and the fisheries resource on the Forests. Timber harvesting, prescribed burning, and road con- struction near streamcourses are of particular concern to many people, because these activities have a high poten- tial for degrading water quality and fisheries habitat.
Disposition: Streamcourse protection, riparian manage- ment zoning, watershed restoration, and cumulative im- pact assessment are addressed in Forest Standards and Guidelines. Prescription IX (Riparian Management) has been specifically developed to provide protection and management for all riparian areas on the Forests. This direction establishes RMZs along class I and II streams. These RMZs are described in terms of the 100 year floodplain, the outer edge of riparian vegetation, the top of the inner gorge, or two site potential trees, whichever distance is greater. This would average about 300 feet on each side with no scheduled harvest allowed. Along class
III streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands greater than one acre, the RMZs are described in terms of the 100 year floodplain, outer edge of riparian vegetation, the top of the inner gorge, or one site potential tree, whichever is greater. This would average about 1 50 feet on each side with no scheduled timber harvest allowed. Along class
IV streams and other wetlands an interdisciplinary team would evaluate an area equal to one site potential tree or 100 feet, whichever is greater. Activities would be allowed only if they do not adversely affect the riparian values. Modified timber harvest would be allowed.
Special Areas
Issue #14 What areas should be recommended for Research Natural Area (RNA) and Special Interest Area (SIA) estab- lishment?
This issue relates to the number, size, and location of RNAs to be recommended for establishment on the Forests. RNAs are established: (1) to contribute to the preservation of examples of all significant natural ecosys- tems for purposes of research and ecological study; (2) to provide gene pools; and (3) where appropriate, to protect habitats of T&E and sensitive species of plants and animals.
This issue also relates to SIAs. The objectives of estab- lishing SIAs are: (1) to protect, and where appropriate,
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Chapter 2 - Public Issues
foster public use and enjoyment of areas with scenic, historical, geological, botanical, zoological, palentologi- cal, or other special characteristics, and (2) to classify areas that possess unusual recreation and scientific values so that these special values are available for public study, use, or enjoyment.
Disposition: Identifying, managing, and preserving typi- cal examples of important ecosystems addressed in the allocation of 34,500 (net) National Forest acres (in 14 areas) for RNAs. In addition to the RNAs, 19 SI As are proposed for classification, and 22 other areas would be evaluated for possible classification as SIAs.
Timber
Issue #15 Should herbicides be used to control vegetation in order to meet timber management objectives?
There has been growing controversy regarding the use of chemicals, particularly herbicides, for the control of undesirable vegetation in forest plantations. At issue over the use of herbicides is: the effects of herbicides on human health, domestic animals, fish and wildlife; the cost and effectiveness of herbicides as compared to other vegetative control treatments; the need to maintain tim- ber growth and water quality; and the registration of chemicals.
Disposition: The pesticide issue is Regional in scope and cannot be resolved in the proposed Forest Plan. The full range of vegetation management practices, including pesticides, are available for timber stand establishment and growth in the proposed Forest Plan. However, herbicides would be used only when essential to achieve assigned land management objectives and not at all within riparian areas. Essential, in this case, is defined as being biologically, physically, or economically impracti- cal to achieve objectives using other methods. The actual methods selected would depend on relative effective- ness, environmental effects, and costs of feasible alter- native methods, to be determined at the project level by site specific analysis. These site specific analyses would tier to the Regional Environmental Impact Statement on Vegetation Management for Reforestation.
The number of acres requiring some form of vegetation management (release) is estimated to be approximately 4,000 acres per year.
The consequences of not using herbicides, on yields and costs, are addressed in Chapter II of the Draft EIS.
Issue #16 What should the timber harvest level or allowable sale quantity (ASQ) be?
Public opinion is sharply divided on the question of timber harvests. Many people feel that timber harvesting should be increased; others feel that the Forests are being overcut to the detriment of other resources.
Disposition: Of the approximately 1,077,800 acres of tentatively suitable timber land identified on the Forests, about 575,300 acres (or 53 percent) would be managed to varying intensities for timber production. On about 473,000 acres of the 575,300 acres, timber management would be relatively intensive, but would be subordinate to other resource objectives in some areas. On the remaining 102,300 acres, minimal timber management would be used where other resource objectives are the primary concern.
The corresponding allowable sale quantity (ASQ) is 87 million board feet (MMBF) per year. This ASQ would remove about 9.6 percent of the current timber inventory on suitable lands in the first decade this Plan is in effect. The ASQ of 87 MMBF per year is about 57 percent less than the actual average sell volume in recent years.
Issue #17 What silvicultural practices should be used to assure reasonably successful reforestation of harvested lands and to maintain tree species diversity?
There is concern over the success of the Forests' refores- tation program, particularly on the areas that were pre- viously clearcut. There is also concern that the conversion of some nontimber growing areas (i.e., brush- fields) to forest plantations reduces deer habitat, result- ing in lower deer populations. Public concern has also been expressed over reforesting plantations with a single species of trees.
Disposition: Regenerability was one of the major con- siderations in determining timber land suitability, as re- quired by the National Forest Management Act. Approximately 54,500 acres of land were classified as unsuitable for timber production, because regenerability cannot be reasonably assured within five years after final harvest.
Approximately 4,600 acres are scheduled to be reforested under this Plan each year. The Forest monitor- ing plan requires evaluation of the reforestation program. Any significant reforestation failures could result in a reclassification of suitable lands.
On the other hand, lands currently classified as un- suitable due to regenerability could be reclassified as suitable if new technology or knowledge becomes available. In either case, any significant change in the
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Chapter 2 - Public Issues
suitable timber land base could result in a revision of the Plan.
The current direction and practice of encouraging a mixture of native tree species in areas to be reforested would be continued. This is specified in a Forest Standard and Guideline.
Issue #18 What harvest methods/ including dearcutting, should be used to meet management objectives?
Public concern over the practice of clearcutting has occurred mainly because of the appearance of the clear- cut, the effects on water quality, and the possibility of herbicide use to reestablish new stands.
Disposition: Clearcutting is expected to be the selected method of cutting on only about 5 percent of suitable timber land acres scheduled for harvest in the first decade of this Plan. This is a significant reduction com- pared to the previous Draft EIS and 44 percent less than the current situation.
Direction calls for leaving manageable, advanced reproduction and at least five square feet of basal area per acre of hardwoods within areas proposed for regeneration cutting. Several large, green conifer trees would also be retained in many harvest units.
In areas such as scenic highways, sensitive soils, etc., special cutting practices, such as green tree retention, shelterwood, and selection cutting, would normally be practiced. Actual silvicultural systems would be deter- mined by site-specific prescriptions at the project level.
The Forests' monitoring plan requires evaluation of the various harvest methods to assure that all resource ob- jectives are met.
Visual Quality
Issue #19 How and where should visual quality be protected and enhanced?
Visual effects of management practices have become more apparent in recent years. There is public concern that scenic quality has declined overall and that certain silvicultural practices and road building activities have contributed to this decline. There is also concern that visual quality does not receive adequate emphasis. This is most notable along sensitive travel corridors. Others feel that visual resource practices are too restrictive on management activities, particularly timber harvesting and mining.
Disposition: Identifying, protecting, and enhancing visual quality is addressed in specified adopted Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) set for each management prescription. State scenic highways and National Recrea- tion Areas would be managed to protect the scenery within foreground and middleground views. Several other roads and high use areas would be managed to protect the scenery within the foreground. The Wilder- nesses and distinctive landscape features are also protected. Visual quality would generally be enhanced where visual rehabilitation occurs. The allocation of over 500,000 acres to Prescription VII (Threatened, En- dangered, and Selected Sensitive Species) with no scheduled harvest, would result in fewer acres being disturbed by timber management practices than has historically occurred. The result is less impact on visual quality.
Wild and Scenic Rivers
Issue #20 What river segments should be recommended tor inclusion in the Federal Wild and Scenic Rivers sys- tem?
Portions of the New River, the North Fork and South Fork of the Trinity River, and the Trinity River were added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System in 1981. Several other major rivers and streams on the Forests have the potential for Wild and Scenic River designation. This designation would maintain examples of pristine aquatic and riparian ecosystems and provide river- oriented recreational opportunities. There is concern that designation would restrict other management activities, such as timber harvesting, and adversely affect private inholdings.
For those rivers that have a high percentage of private lands there is concern by private landowners (especially along the McCloud River) that access and land use would be restricted.
Disposition: Approximately 106.4 miles of Wild and Scenic Rivers exist on the Forests. An additional 76.7 miles, including Hayfork Creek, the upper segments of the North and South Fork of the Trinity River, Beegum Creek, and Virgin Creek would be recommended for Congressional designation and managed as Wild and Scenic Rivers. Canyon Creek would not be recom- mended because existing and proposed designations include similar natural features. The Sacramento River would not be recommended because of the large amount of private land and the concerns of private landowners along the river. In addition, State legislation is being proposed to prohibit dams along the River. In lieu of recommending Wild and Scenic River designation for the McCloud River system, including Squaw Valley Creek, the Forest Service has taken the lead in working
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Chapter 2 - Public Issues
with adjacent private landowners to develop a Coor- dinated Resource Management Plan for the river cor- ridor. A primary objective of the Plan is to retain the characteristics of the river which made it eligible for wild and scenic river consideration.
This is a preliminary administrative recommendation that would receive further review and possible modification by the Chief of the Forest Service, Secretary of Agricul- ture, and the President of the United States. Final decisions have been reserved by the Congress to desig- nate rivers to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.
Wilderness and Roadless Areas
Issue #21 How should the Forests' roadless areas be managed/ including the Mt. Eddy further planning area?
Approximately 498,776 acres, or 24 percent of the Shas- ta-Trinity National Forests, are designated in five Wilder-
nesses. One roadless area, Mt. Eddy, was designated for further planning and is evaluated for wilderness clas- sification as part of the Forests' planning process. The 1 984 California Wilderness Act stated that those roadless areas, not designated as either wilderness or further planning, be managed for multiple-use purposes, and that they be reviewed again for wilderness option when the Forest Plan is revised in 10-15 years. At issue are management activities that would occur in some of the undesignated roadless areas between now and the next revision of the Forest Plan.
Disposition: Some 498,776 acres of National Forest lands are allocated to Wilderness Management (Prescription V). While the Mt. Eddy area is not recom- mended for wilderness designation, wilderness attributes would be retained on about 90 percent of the area through allocations to Unroaded Non-motorized Recrea- tion and Limited Roaded Motorized Recreation (Prescrip- tions I and II) and Special Area Management (Prescription X). All or major portions of the other road- less areas are retained in an undeveloped state. About 81 percent of the 29 released roadless area acreage would remain undeveloped.
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CHAPTER 3
Summary of the Analysis of the
Management Situation
Forest Plan Chapter 3 Table of Contents
Page
Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Management Situation 3-1
A. Introduction 3-1
B. Existing Situation 3-1
C. The Economic Environment 3-1
D. The Social Environment • 3-3
E. Resource Environment 3-5
Air Quality 3-5
Biological Diversity 3-5
Biomass 3-6
Botany 3-6
Cultural Resources 3-7
Facilities 3-8
Fire and Fuels 3-9
Fisheries 3-9
Forest Pests 3-11
Geology 3-12
Lands 3-12
Law Enforcement 3-13
Minerals 3-13
Range 3-14
Recreation 3-14
Riparian Areas 3-16
Soils 3-16
Special Areas 3-17
Timber 3-18
Visual Quality 3-20
Water 3-20
Wild and Scenic Rivers 3-21
Wilderness and Roadless Areas 3-21
Wildlife 3-22
F. Production Potential 3-26
G. Resource Uses and Development Opportunities 3-26
CHAPTER 3
Summary of the Analysis of the Management Situation
Introduction
A
The analysis of the management situation (AMS) is an assessment of the physical, biological, social, and economic environments of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. From this assessment needed changes in management direction or emphasis can be identified.
Most of the AMS is presented in detail in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (Draft EIS) Chapter III, The Affected Environment. This chapter is a summary, by resource, of that information. Background information used in developing the management situation is on file in the planning records at the Forest Supervisor's Office, 2400 Washington Avenue, Redding, CA 96001.
This chapter also includes a brief description of the existing situation and supply and demand relationships for resource commodities and services. Production potentials, resource use, and development opportunities anticipated in the future, and proposed by this Plan, are also described.
Existing Situation
B
Location. The Shasta-Trinity National Forests are located in the center of Northern California. Figure 3-1 illustrates the location of the Forests and their relationship to the surrounding region.
Within the Forests' boundaries are a diverse and complex array of vegetation types representing portions of at least four major physiographic provinces:
• the Cascade Mountains;
• the Klamath Mountains;
• the Coast Range; and
• the Sacramento Valley.
These two Forests, which have been combined into one administrative unit, possess a broad cross-section of resources and opportunities typical of those found within this part of the State. Oak and grass-covered foothills, ponderosa pine flats, and coastal type Douglas-fir stands grow in addition to the predominant mixed conifer forest. This diversity supports a wide variety of wildlife, domestic grazing, and recreation use.
Interstate 5 (the major north-south freeway on the West Coast) and State Highway 299 (the major east-west route across Northern California) enhances visitor access to an area with a large variety of recreation opportunities. Mt. Shasta, Shasta Lake, Clair Engle (Trinity) Lake, the Trinity Alps Wilderness, and the Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilder- ness are the most popular recreation destinations on the Forests.
The Forests are located within four hours' driving time of the San Francisco and Sacramento population centers. The boundaries are only a few minutes drive from Red- ding, a city of over 70,000 people. Other population centers within the Forests' zone of influence include Anderson, Burney, McCloud, Mt. Shasta City, Dunsmuir, Weed, Hayfork, and Weaverville.
The Economic Environment
c
The economic impact area is defined as Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, and Trinity Counties. Three Counties -- Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity -- comprise the area of greatest influence. These Counties contain 96 percent of the Forests' acreage; they also receive most of the measurable, direct and indirect economic effects of the Forests' activities. Tehama County makes up most of the remaining acreage.
A discussion of the following elements: (1) shared receipts with Counties; (2) employment patterns; (3) unemployment rates; (4) localized employment and in- come; and (5) impacts of budget levels is important to understanding the role of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests in the economic life of the area.
Shared Receipts with Counties. Returns are distributed back to the counties, in the amount of 25 percent, to help finance roads and school budgets. The majority of these payments comes from the value of harvested timber. Additional payments come from land use permits, graz- ing fees, recreation permits, and user fees. County receipts have averaged about 9 million dollars annually from 1 988 to 1 992.
For 1992 and 1991 payments to Counties were com- puted under a provision of the Interior and Related Agencies 1992 Appropriations Act and the 1991 Ap- propriations Act. For those National Forests affected by decisions on the northern spotted owl, the Acts provide for payments to States of not less than 90 percent of a five-year average for Fiscal Year 1992 and a three-year
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
Figure 3-1 Location Map
MM©
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
average of payments for Fiscal Year 1991. Payments to the counties would be lower if based solely on actual receipts.
Employment Patterns. The four Counties, as a group, display some striking employment differences from the State pattern, namely:
1. Lumber manufacturing accounts for approximately 6 percent of the employment in these Counties, in marked contrast with less than one percent for the State.
2. Government (State, Federal, and Local) employment is substantially more important in these Counties (ranging from 18 percent to 45 percent) than it is for the State (16 percent).
3. Except for Shasta County, employment in services, finance, insurance and real estate is less important in these Counties than it is in the State.
Unemployment Rate. The unemployment rate in the impact area is generally twice the State (and National) average. In-migration has brought more job-seekers than the economy could absorb, and the seasonal nature of many timber, recreation, and tourism related jobs has also raised the unemployment rate.
Localized Employment and Income. The production of goods and services from the Forests affects the economy of the local area by generating income and employment. Timber harvest, recreation visitor days, total expendi- tures, and grazing animal months (AM) are the primary forest outputs that produce income and employment.
Budget Level. In the preceding section the impact of the Forest Service budget was related to local income and employment. This discussion of budget levels relates to the difference in identified budget needs versus actual historical levels. How this difference might affect resource programs and implementation of management activities in the proposed Forest Plan is an important consideration.
The Shasta-Trinity National Forests' budget has averaged 37 million dollars (in 1989 dollars) from 1989-1993. The proposed Forest Plan recommends a budget of ap- proximately 49 million dollars (1989$). This increase occurs primarily in wildlife, recreation operations and construction, and fire. Timber management and its re- lated activities (multi-resource support, Knutson-Van- denberg Act [KV] reforestation, and brush disposal [BD] fuels treatment) decreased sharply in 1992 and 1993 because of regulations for northern spotted owl manage- ment.
Should the Forests be funded at a lower level than the Land and Resource Management Plan's recommended budget, resource outputs and facilities would be reduced
accordingly. Regardless of the level of the annual budget, the Forests would implement minimum management requirements, monitoring, and standards and guidelines proposed in the Plan.
The Social Environment
D
The management and activities of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests influence individuals and groups of people living in the primary impact Counties and in the extended zone of influence. The primary counties affected include Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, and Trinity, which have a combined population of over 250,000.
Social Categories. Individuals and groups of individuals are affected differently by Forest management activities primarily because of different social linkages to the Forest. Social categories are used to describe the various linkages and effects of management activities.
Individuals within the primary social impact area have been grouped within several broad categories. These categories are not intended to represent specific social groups, but rather to serve as a means of describing social linkages and effects of Forest management activities. The Native American category, however, is an exception in that it can be considered descriptive of a social group. Social categories have been formed based on historical and projected trends of user groups, public hearings, informal interviews of Forest personnel and users, newspaper articles, other government studies and docu- ments, use survey, and census data.
Individuals within these categories may hold similar or divergent personal values. Lifestyles exhibited may also be similar or divergent. A common bond which may be found in these categories is a general similarity in their feelings concerning the use of natural resources on Na- tional Forest lands. Individuals within the primary social impact area have been classified into a series of social categories.
Resource Utilization Emphasis Category. One broad classification is titled the Resource Utilization Emphasis Category. These are individuals who are directly or in- directly associated with the utilization/marketing of the natural resources located in the impact area.
An example of the Resource Utilization Emphasis Category is those individuals whose occupations and/or political activities are associated with the wood products industry. The consolidation of these individuals within several local communities has given rise to what could be classified as timber dependent communities.
Timber dependent communities are those where the social and economic situation of the community is inter- twined with and dependent on the timber industry. The towns of Weaverville and Hayfork in Trinity County and
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
Weed in Siskiyou County are examples of timber depend- ent communities. While timber plays a major role in these communities, secondary occupations dealing with the recreation industry and government industries also make significant contributions.
It should be noted that not all Resource Utilization Em- phasis individuals reside within timber dependent com- munities. Others who are also oriented towards a Resource Utilization Emphasis reside in other locations within and outside the primary social impact area.
Individuals sharing a resource utilization emphasis view- point may be long term residents within the social impact area (i.e., local residents for over 15 years, or relative newcomers to the area.) Many individuals within this category are retired workers.
As previously discussed, many residents of local settle- ments and small towns within the impact area have occupations which are dependent upon commodities produced from the National Forests. Often these in- dividuals are from families who have been in the area for several generations. Loggers, mil (workers, and com- munity business people located in timber dependent communities are examples.
New residents have often immigrated from urban population centers. They have moved to this area for the rural environment including a lower cost of living, more recreational opportunities, and a slower pace of life. Some of these individuals hold professional occupations such as teachers, doctors and lawyers or are retirees and second homeowners. Others come in hopes of joining the local business communities but eventually leave the area due to limited opportunities.
Resource Amenity Emphasis Category. Another broad classification is titled the Resource Amenity Emphasis Category. These individuals typically value natural resources more for their amenity and symbolic values than their economic conversion values.
Natural resources within the area have a higher intrinsic value to these individuals than their potential conversion dollar values. For example, these individuals would prefer that local natural resource commodity items, such as timber, not be harvested but be retained for future generations. Concerns exhibited by this category of in- dividuals often go beyond the actual production of specific commodities to include philosophies and strategies forming a potential policy basis for Federal land management.
These individuals may also be long term residents within the area or newly relocated residents from other areas. However, resource amenity emphasis individuals are generally not identified within occupational communities.
New residents who hold resource amenity emphasis viewpoints may be involved in a range of activities from local businesses to farming and/or mining. Some new residents can be considered as alternative lifestyle resi- dents. These individuals are often seeking a simplified existence while practicing subsistence and/or commer- cial organic farming or mining.
Retirees and second homeowners are growing segments of the population in the study area. Some exhibit resource amenity emphasis values. Many of these in- dividuals find that their economic stability is not tied to the use of natural resources as commodities. They value the Forests more for their recreation opportunities, par- ticularly hunting, fishing, and boating.
These two categories of individuals, exhibiting Resource Utilization Emphasis and Resource Amenity Emphasis characteristics, view their lifestyle and quality of life as being interconnected with the natural resources.
Recreationists. The Forests are also important to another large, diverse group of people: visitors and recreationists who do not live in the primary area of influence. Many live in the San Francisco/Sacramento area and value the opportunity to escape the urban environment for a weekend or more in the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Water-oriented and back-country recreation, as well as hunting and fishing, are more important to this group than timber-related industries.
Preservation of the Forests' amenity values is a major concern of this group. Many of these individuals have a sense of ownership as strong as that of area residents. They are often effective at lobbying for specific environ- mental issues.
Native Americans. Native Americans include American Indians, as well as those of Eskimo and Aleut ancestry. Native Americans indigenous to the area include the Hoopa, Yana, Wintu, Achuimawi, Shasta and Chir- mariko. Many of these people still maintain traditional values and practices.
Native Americans commonly maintain a continuing in- terest in the Forests. In some cases, this interest is in the production of forest commodities to provide for con- tinued employment opportunities. An example of these individuals are Native Americans who are also loggers. These individuals commonly hold a viewpoint similar to individuals exhibiting a resource utilization emphasis.
Other individuals are concerned with forest manage- ment practices as they may affect traditional com- modities gained from the forest. The availability of these products for personal and/or spiritual use is of concern.
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
Native Americans, in some cases, are also concerned with National Forest outputs and management activities as they may impact traditional spiritual and/or religious activities.
Resource Environment
E
1. AIR QUALITY
The air quality standard on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests is very high. Forest activities which contribute to air quality degradation are: burning of forest vegetation, exhaust from vehicle and machinery use, and dust generation from logging equipment and other vehicular use of unpaved roads.
The majority of the Shasta National Forest lies within the Sacramento Valley Air Basin, while most of the Trinity National Forest is located within the North Coast Air Basin. There are no major heavy industrial areas in either of these air basins.
Logging is the primary industrial activity that takes place on National Forest and private lands. Logging, transpor- tation vehicles, burning of logging slash, and burning for fuels reduction and wildlife habitat improvement ac- count for a large percentage of the pollutants emitted into the air.
The Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness has been desig- nated as a Class I air quality area. Because of this, management of the air quality in this area requires iden- tification of air quality related values (AQRVs) by measur- ing sensitive indicators of those values. The AQRVs are inventoried and monitored in cooperation with the Men- docino National Forest.
The Forests are in compliance with all national ambient air quality standards. Flowever, like most air basins in the State, those within the Forests exceed the California ambient air quality standard for PM-10 (particulates less than 10 microns in size). Primary sources for PM-10 are burning and dust generating activities. Less prescribed burning would be emphasized in the future in order to maintain soil quality and habitat diversity. There would be more emphasis on better utilization of excess slash for biomass and firewood. Therefore, emissions would be reduced and air quality would be better. Since no major industries are planned, other dominant pollutants would not be a problem.
2. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Biological diversity is a broad ecological concept that can be described in many ways. Generally, it describes the relative degree of abundance of wildlife species, plant
species, plant and animal communities, habitats, or habitat features per unit of area.
The main components of diversity include: richness (number and type of different species); evenness (amount of various components); and pattern (structure and location of components).
There are several broad ecosystems on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests: conifer forests, hardwoods, and chaparrals. All of the vegetation types, their successional stages, and their localized, special components such as caves, talus slopes, rock outcrops, snags, downed logs, etc. provide habitat for a diverse array of fish and wildlife species.
Conifer Forests. Four major coniferous forest types grow on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests: mixed conifer, Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine/Jeffrey pine, and red fir/white fir. They comprise roughly 79 percent of the Forests' land base.
An estimated 14 percent of the vegetation on the Forests is in early serai stages, 49 percent is in mid serai stages, and 37 percent is in late serai stages.
There is much public debate over the management of "old-growth" coniferous forests. Most concerns seem to focus on large, old conifer stands that have a high level of decadence. For tracking purposes in this Plan, "old- growth" is labeled "4C-older" and is described as older over-mature habitat. These older stands make up about 10 percent (210,000 acres) of the vegetation on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests.
Hardwoods. Hardwoods, including black oak (Quercus kelloggi), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis), madrone (Arbutus menziesii), tanbark oak (Lithocarpus densiflora), and big leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) grow in pure stands and also as components of some conifer stands.
Chaparral. About 149,300 acres of chaparral grow on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. In addition, another 60,000 acres of chaparrai are found under a sparse canopy of tree species. An estimated 21,600 acres of this chaparral are on lands classified as suitable for timber production.
A wide variety of chaparral species combinations grow in the understory which is composed predominantly of evergreen (sclerophyllic) shrubs and scrub tree species. Chaparral stands basically originate in one of two ways: (1) as the successional stage of vegetation allowed by local environmental conditions, and (2) from past natural or human-induced processes such as fire and timber management.
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
The benefits derived from chaparral are varied. Wildlife (foraging, nesting, thermal and escape cover), range (foraging and thermal cover), and watershed (soil stabilization) represent the major beneficial resource outputs. Negative impacts can also occur primarily in the form of unavailable or impenetrable vegetation with high evapotranspiration rates.
In addition, adverse fire situations can develop in old, decadent, and dense stands. Most of the chaparral brushfields on the Forests are over-mature and decadent. The location and extent of chaparral types offer very limited opportunities to reduce wildfire hazard.
Shasta-Trinity National Forests' personnel have histori- cally had prescribed burning programs to enhance brush- fields on deer winter ranges. This burning has been in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG).
Riparian Woodland. The riparian woodland grows where water runs intermittently or year-round. The most common species are alders (Alnus ssp.), cottonwoods (Populus ssp.), and willow (Salix ssp.). An estimated 85,500 acres of riparian habitat are scattered throughout all vegetation types across the Forests.
Natural Grasslands. About 11,000 acres of grasslands are scattered throughout the Forests.
In addition to the vegetated lands, there are about 1 10,100 acres of non-vegetated lands comprised of rock or water.
The size and location of the Forests' broad ecosystems will not change over time. Even the size and location of vegetation types will not change significantly. Wildfire and people, primarily through prescribed burning and timber management activities, can alter the amount and pattern of structural diversity. This alteration of habitat is important to wildlife by providing a continuous rejuvena- tion of forest vegetation.
3. BIOMASS
Biomass is of increasing interest on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Once a discarded by-product of log- ging, biomass now has growing value as fuel for home heating and for generating electricity. There is a recog- nized need to encourage the orderly removal and use of biomass, while considering other resource values. In- creased utilization of biomass would reduce the amount of prescribed burning on the Forests.
Most available biomass material is generated from log- ging debris. Recent inventories of logging debris indicate
that there is in excess of 50 tons per acre of suitable biomass material on many harvest units after logging.
Additional biomass comes from precommercial thinning activities and brushfields. in addition, significant amounts of biomass are located on non-commercial land where no timber management activities are planned.
Biomass is distributed throughout the Forests, but its availability for use is limited by factors such as slope, accessibility, and competing demands.
The existing demand for biomass is in the form of hardwoods for firewood. Relatively little of the available biomass on the Forests is being used to generate electricity in wood-burning power plants. However, this use is expected to increase.
Nine wood fiber power plants are operating in the area. No new plants are planned in the near future. The existing plants need about 1,640,000 bone-dried tons of fuel per year. Most of these plants are connected to lumber mills and rely heavily on fuel from mill waste rather than forest residues (biomass). Less than 20 per- cent of the material required by these plants is being supplied from forest residues. This is expected to increase to over 50 percent within the next few years.
The demand for biomass will be met by the Shasta-Trinity National Forests, other National Forests in the area, and private lands. Currently the demand for wood fuel for power plants is greater than supply.
The opportunity exists to increase biomass supplies for electricity without impairing the availability of firewood. The removal and use of excess biomass can produce related benefits including reduced loss from wildfires, improved air quality, improved land productivity, in- creased wildlife and range browse, and added employ- ment. The ecological role of biomass in the forest environment must be considered in conjunction with its removal and use.
4. BOTANY
Threatened/Endangered
No plants on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests are Federally listed as threatened or endangered.
Sensitive
Forty-two plant species native to the Shasta-Trinity Na- tional Forests are on the Pacific Southwest Region's (Region 5) sensitive species list. One third of these are
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
endemic to the Forests. The majority of these endemics are restricted to serpentine soils.
The Forests' sensitive plants include two State-listed species: Brandegee's eriastrum (Eriastrum brandegeae), listed as rare, and Trinity buckwheat (Eriogonum al- pinum), listed as endangered.
Rare plants can be affected positively or negatively by natural or human-caused disturbances. Examples in- clude road building and maintenance, excavation of rock sources, grazing, logging, changes in hydrology, wildfire, fire suppression activities, introduction of non-native, competitive weed species, natural succession, climatic conditions, and plant collecting. However, some sensi- tive plants rely on wildfires or other disturbances for maintenance of their habitat.
Management and protection of sensitive plants is ac- complished through identification and inventory of suitable habitat, surveys of project areas for potentially affected populations, protection of habitat, and popula- tion monitoring. It may also include manipulation of habitat to increase or stabilize populations. Species Management Guides have been developed to address the individual needs of each species.
Endemics
Four non-sensitive plants are endemic to the Shasta- Trinity National Forests. These are: Dubakella Mountain buckwheat (Eriogonum libertini), serpentine haplopap- pus (Haplopappus ophitidis), Shasta eupatory (Eupatorium shastense), and veiny arnica (Arnica venosa).
Endemics are surveyed for, mapped, and avoided where possible. In addition, habitat management plans are being developed for them.
5. CULTURAL RESOURCES
Several professional anthropologists and archaeologists were contracted to prepare overviews concerning local history, Native American religious places, prehistoric Indian sites, and Native American place-names. These contracts were awarded to: Bauman, 1981; Martin and Hodder, 1981; Theodoratus Cultural Research, 1981; and Theodoratus Cultural Research, 1984.
Additionally, a workshop was held to solicit information from local historical societies, academic institutions, the Native American community, and the State Historic Preservation Office. A review of the California Inventory of Historic Resources (State Plan, 1976) indicated that of the nine themes identified, all are represented by recorded sites in the Forests.
As of 1 990, several hundred thousand acres in the Forests had been inventoried for cultural resources, with about 1,050 historic and 1,600 prehistoric sites being recorded. Since most of the inventories were done in support of other resource activities (e.g., timber sales), most of the recorded properties occur in areas managed for multiple use.
Wildernesses, the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area, and non-commercial timber land have either been lightly sampled or not surveyed at all. Some level of inventory is needed on other areas to be sure that a representative sample of the Forests' cultural resources are documented for study and management. Also, as of 1 990, about 1 , 1 00 of the recorded cultural resources had been evaluated against criteria for the National Register of Historic Places, and approximately 500 have been determined eligble.
The inventory and evaluation of cultural resources has been guided by two research orientations that have been termed "cultural ecology" and "the direct historical ap- proach." The former is concerned with how societies, through time and space, have used culture to adapt to changing or static environments. The latter involves studying the history of a particular ethnographic group, such as the Wintu of the Redding area, by using the written historical record to interpret archaeological remains. Both approaches seem particularly appropriate to the Shasta-Trinity National Forests, since there is a diverse and well documented ethnographic record and multiplicity of environments that must have fostered variable adaptive responses. The two-fold research orientation revolves around the subject of land uses and requires detailed chronological and environmental data, as well as a thorough understanding of prehistoric tech- nologies.
The historic overview prepared for the Forests identified a number of themes which highlight events of the last 150 years. The earliest theme identified was exploration, beginning in the 1830s. The first explorers were fur trappers. During the 1840s, several military expeditions, such as that of John C. Fremont, passed through the Forests. Beginning in 1848, with the discovery of gold by P.B. Reading, Shasta and Trinity Counties witnessed the first significant population influx.
Trails, stage routes, and wagon roads were established throughout much of the Forests by the 1 870s. These early endeavors culminated in 1 887 with the completion of the Central Pacific Railroad linking Oregon with California. The completion of the railroad and other transportation routes set the stage for several other historic themes that characterized the next few decades: lumbering, recrea- tion, and mining.
Early recreational use in the Forests was associated predominately with resorts, typified by those along the
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
upper Sacramento River. Mining activities continued off and on during the last decade of the 19th century. They reached a peak between 1895 and 1920 with the development of copper mines and smelters in the vicinity of present-day Shasta Lake. When the Shasta and Trinity National Forests were created (in 1905 and 1907, respec- tively), the present era of Forest Service multiple-use management began.
Within the general area of the Forests are several Califor- nia Indian groups including the Wintu, Chimariko, Achumawi, Yana, Hoopa, and several Shastan peoples. Interest in local Native American culture has continued unabated for over a century. Archaeological field work at prehistoric Indian sites began in the first decade of this century, with studies of caves around Shasta Lake (i.e., Samwel and Potter Caves). Reservoir projects were the primary impetus for archaeological work between the early 1940s and the late 1960s.
In the 1970s, several programs were established that significantly increased the scope of archaeological work within the Forests' zone of influence. Projects begun by the Forest Service and the U.S. Bureau of Land Manage- ment (BLM) included inventory, evaluation, research, and interpretation of cultural resources.
During the past several years, there has been an in- creased use of cultural resources and associated records by outside parties. Archaeological excavations have been carried out on National Forest lands by various organiza- tions including academic institutions and private consult- ing firms. These types of activities and passage of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-95), the Native American Craves Protection and Depatriation Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-601), and recent amendments (1992) to the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 will require increased consult- ations with Native Americans.
Public and agency concerns indicate the major problems with cultural resource management include difficulty in evaluating the significance of cultural resources, safely protecting sites during project activities, and adequately considering Native American concerns. New direction in the proposed Forest Plan should mitigate these concerns.
Personnel of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests will pur- sue opportunities to cooperate with local organizations and institutions (for example, Shasta College, California State University, Chico, and Local Indians for Education, Inc.) to do further research and interpret important cul- tural resources.
6. FACILITIES
There are over 6,800 miles of inventoried roads and about 1,000 miles of uninventoried roads on the Shasta-
Trinity National Forests. Following are mileages of roads and their respective maintenance levels. (See the Glos- sary in the Draft EIS for a definition of each maintenance level).
Miles
Level 1 941
Level 2 4,241
Level 3 1,309
Level 4 262
Level 5 66
The number of miles of roads that are maintained may vary from year to year. Some 1,500 miles of the Forests' road system are jointly owned or cost-shared with private landowners, and 110 miles are under Countyjurisdiction. Another 370 miles of Forest highways are under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service and State or County agencies. The Shasta-Trinity National Forests' transpor- tation system represents an investment of approximately $300 million.
About 1 5 percent of the Forests' inventoried road system is closed seasonally by gates, and as much as 30 percent more is closed by snow during normal winters. An addi- tional 10-12 percent of the road system is closed follow- ing completion of management activities such as timber harvesting. These roads are kept closed, providing there is adequate public access into the area, until future management activities necessitate re-opening.
Officially recognized as recreation facilities, but com- monly thought of as part of the transportation system, are three categories or classifications of trails. They in- clude the Pacific Crest Trail (154 miles), National Recrea- tion Trails (26 miles), and other Forest trails (1,139 miles). The majority of the users are backpackers, equestrian groups, hunters, and anglers.
Other facilities include over 460 recreation buildings and about 300 nonrecreation buildings. Many of the recrea- tion buildings are in need of maintenance and/or re- placement; this will be accomplished as funds become available. Some of the administrative facilities at Hyam- pom, Harrison Gulch, Big Bar, Weaverville, Lakeshore, Turntable, and the Northern California Service Center are in need of major reconstruction or replacement. A significant capital investment program will be pursued to accomplish this needed improvement. Many of the fire lookouts on the Forests are old and in need of replace- ment. This will be accomplished on a priority basis while protecting significant historical values. Additional lookouts may be abandoned as new detection systems are implemented.
A decision has been made to eliminate all administrative site facility leases.
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
7. FIRE AND FUELS
The Shasta-Trinity National Forests provide wildland fire protection for approximately 2.4 million acres. Of this area, 364,081 acres are private or State-owned lands protected for the State of California by cooperative agreement. The State has wildfire protection respon- sibilities on 200,000 acres of National Forest land within the boundary of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests.
By the end of 1987, seven years of the 1981-1990 plan- ning period had elapsed resulting in 126 lightning and 103 man-caused fires burning an average of 13,880 acres. The fire season of 1987 was extremely bad, and nearly 90,000 acres were burned on the Forests. During the ten-year period between 1971-1980, an average of 1 20 lightning and 1 44 man-caused fires burned annually. These fires averaged 8,470 acres within the total protec- tion area.
The configuration and size of the present protection organization resulted from base fire plans prepared in 1972 for the 1971-1980 period. The size of the fire organization is a function of the budget which has declined significantly since 1980.
A Fire Protection Agreement is in effect with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) that provides for the sharing of fire protection resources, thus augmenting the fire suppression capabilities of each agency.
The wildland fire protection problem is becoming more acute as values-at-risk increase. Wildland fuels manage- ment presents an opportunity for long-range mitigation of the increasing demand and escalating costs of fire protection.
Fuels management activities have consisted of construc- tion and maintenance of fuelbreaks, burning of timber sale slash, and broadcast burning in timber and brush fuels. Fuel treatment has been accomplished on about 11,000 acres per year. The majority of the prescribed burning is done to prepare brushfields for reforestation. The remainder of the burning is done to benefit wildlife and reduce natural fuels.
An increasing demand for logging residue, for the genera- tion of electricity, is emerging. This demand has the potential for removing significant amounts of debris that is being burned through prescribed fire.
8. FISHERIES
Environmental Setting. Fishing, the Nation's second most popular outdoor sport, after swimming, is in
abundance on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Of the 5,500 miles of rivers and streams within the Forests, 1 ,900 miles are fishable. In addition, there are more than 50,000 acres of lakes and reservoirs.
Outstanding coldwater fisheries are found in the Mc- Cloud and Pit Rivers. Eight miles of the McCloud River (below McCloud Reservoir) are classified as a Wild Trout Stream and offer a blue-ribbon fishing experience of National acclaim.
The headwater areas of the Trinity River (above Clair Engle [Trinity] Lake); the North and South Forks of the Trinity River and their tributaries; Squaw Creek; and Squaw Valley Creek also support fisheries of regional interest.
The fish in Shasta, Trinity, Lewiston, McCloud, and Iron Canyon Reservoirs, as well as in over 80 alpine lakes, are also of major recreational interest.
The Sacramento and Trinity River Basins once sustained several of the largest populations of important anadromous fish (salmon and steelhead) in California. However, factors such as dam construction, catastrophic floods, natural landslides, road construction, timber har- vesting, and grazing, as well as the over harvest of fish, have contributed to reduced habitat quality and popula- tion levels.
Two types of habitat problems can impose long-term impacts to anadromous or inland coldwater fish stocks - those that are human-induced and those that are naturally inherent to a system (i.e., unstable soils or geological formations.) Human-induced activities are fur- ther delineated by those that are under Forest Service administrative control and those that are outside the purview of Forest Service authority. Only those Forest Service activities that have a potential to impact either anadromous or inland coldwater fish habitat will be discussed here. Forest Service land management ac- tivities are not expected to impact inland warmwater fish habitat.
Instream habitat improvement and watershed rehabilita- tion projects, coupled with biological (fish stock) enhancement opportunities, are helping bring about the recovery of salmon and steelhead populations in the Trinity River Basin.
Forest Service involvement with plans to initiate recovery of anadromous fish in the Sacramento River Basin has been limited because of the small amount of National Forest land involved (Beegum Creek).
Fisheries Program Planning. National and Regional attention has focused on the need to provide direction
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
to the National Forests to develop and implement viable fisheries programs.
National emphasis has focused on the "Rise to the Future" program (March, 1987). This action plan further in- tegrates fish habitat management into the overall multiple use goals of the Forest Service.
The Pacific Southwest Region's (Region 5) "Rise to the Future" program (October, 1987) reiterates integration of the fisheries program with other resource programs. This document also acknowledges the State-approved "Partners in Fish" program (May, 1987) which asks the Forest Service to take a strong leadership role in protect- ing, restoring, and improving fish habitats within the National Forests.
In addition, Forest personnel have assisted in the preparation of fisheries plans with other agencies, includ- ing the California Department of Fish and Came (DFG). Each of these plans sets goals for achieving the long-term stability of selected fish species or bodies of water.
Shasta-Trinity National Forests' personnel are in the process of developing a Five-Year Fish and Wildlife Action Plan consistent with the proposed Forest Plan.
Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Fish Species
There are no Federally designated threatened or en- dangered fish species on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests.
The sensitive fish species include the spring-run (sum- mer) steelhead, bull trout, rough sculpin, and the red- band trout.
Anadromous Fish Concerns
The primary area of concern is the South Fork Trinity River. Even though this basin is gradually recovering from the catastrophic impacts of the 1 964 flood event, popula- tions of fall and spring-runs of chinook salmon, like the summer steelhead, have not responded. Their numbers remain relatively low.
Because of its geological nature, this river system is vulnerable to disturbances which include timber harvest- ing and road construction. Although both activities are potential sediment producers, timber harvest oppor- tunities can be sensitive to watershed and fisheries needs in order to maintain populations of fall and spring-runs of chinook salmon in this drainage.
Within Canyon Creek, New River, and the North Fork T rinity River spring-run chinook adults, like summer steel- head, are vulnerable to poaching during the summer since they are extremely visible in clear canyon pools. The DFG recognizes poaching as one of the most imme- diate threats to these fish. These latter tributaries to the mainstem Trinity River have not been identified as major sediment producers accelerated by human-induced ac- tivities, although areas of natural instability do exist within their systems.
Anadromous Fish Opportunities
The Forest Service plays an important role in the enhancement of anadromous fish within the T rinity River Basin. Major investments have been made by the agency and the Trinity River Restoration Program (TRRP) to facilitate the improvement of adult returns of winter-run steelhead and increase the survival of rearing juveniles within the South Fork Trinity River basin. This effort is expected to continue throughout the next two decades.
Although the spring-run (summer) steelhead stocks within the New River and North Fork Trinity River basin are stable, they are not stable in the South Fork Trinity River. Adult returns of spring-run chinook are very low within these three basins as well as Canyon Creek and throughout the Klamath-Trinity River Basin. Cooperative efforts are ongoing with DFG and other concerned agen- cies as to the most appropriate methods that can be applied to protect and enhance these stocks.
Concerted efforts have been undertaken by the TRRP agencies to implement a 10-year program to restore fish and wildlife resources within the Trinity River Basin to pre-Central Valley Project levels. The Forest Service con- tinues to be a supportive and active member of this restoration effort.
inland Coldwater Fish Concerns
Because of budget constraints, little effort is being con- centrated on the wild trout populations of the Forests. Insufficient funds prohibit development of a significant inventory and improvement program in inland coldwater and warmwater fisheries.
After five years of drought conditions, major concerns have been expressed over the viability of the small tributary streams to support wild trout populations, espe- cially redband trout.
The greatest concerns for the redband trout streams center on cattle grazing/disturbance, high point source recreational use, and water drafting for dust abatement.
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The upper Sacramento River (above Shasta Lake) sup- ported a unique wild trout fishery until the summer of 1991. Unfortunately, the prized trout populations from a 45-mile stretch of this river were lost as a result of a major chemical (metam sodium) spill in July, 1991. The non- selective toxicant not only eliminated a splendid wild trout gene pool, but also decimated native nongame fishes and stream invertebrates as well. The loss of these species may not be easily replaced with natural tributary or upstream recruitment.
Inland Coldwater Fish Opportunities
DFC has recommended that special management protection be provided for all redband trout waters on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests.
In an effort to improve the informational database on inland fish streams, habitat typing began in 1 990. Surveys have been completed on Raccoon Creek, Squaw Creek, Squaw Valley Creek and the Upper McCloud River. In addition, three redband trout streams (Moosehead Creek, Sheepheaven Creek and Trout Creek) have been habitat typed.
Further assessments of the alpine lake resources need to be made to identify ways of emphasizing the diversified recreational sportfishing opportunities offered by these waters. The Upper Trinity River, tributary to Trinity Lake, needs to be evaluated to determine watershed rehabilita- tion and fish habitat restoration needs and establish its candidacy as a State wild trout stream.
Inland Warm water Fish Concerns
Impacts from land management activities on warmwater fish habitat and associated recreational sportfishing is minimal within the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA).
Two concerns exist with respect to the maintenance of reservoir levels and the continued perpetuation of black bass populations at Shasta and T rinity lakes. First, prevail- ing drought conditions in California have reduced water storage capacities to critical levels. Secondly, the Bureau of Reclamation adjusts its Central Valley Project operat- ing plan annually to meet water rights for downstream water users.
The first action has decreased bass access to traditional spawning and rearing areas and has left numerous fish habitat improvement structures unusable. Secondly, water releases, which may benefit downstream fish species like the winter-run chinook salmon, Delta smelt (candidate species for listing), and native nongame fish species within the Sacramento River, need to be regu- lated to meet the lifecycle needs of black bass at Shasta Lake.
Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
Inland Warmwater Fish Opportunities
Opportunites to improve shoreline rearing habitat at Shasta and Trinity Lakes are being pursued jointly by the Forest Service and the DFG. Habitat typing preceded the development of habitat improvement plans at each lake. This was conducted in order to locate the most suitable sites for planting willows and button bush as well as locating areas for structural habitat improvements.
Establishing sound partnerships will be important in ac- complishing future habitat improvement efforts, espe- cially in the warmwater fisheries program.
Selection of Fish Assemblages. Fish species have been grouped into specific assemblages or groups to simplify tracking the effects of Forest Service management ac- tivities on fish habitats. Three assemblages have been established. These are: (1) Fish Habitat - Anadromous Assemblage, (2) Fish Habitat - Inland Coldwater As- semblage, and (3) Fish Habitat - Inland Warmwater As- semblage. The species associated with these assemblages are listed in Appendix G of this document.
Winter-run steelhead, spring-run chinook and summer steelhead were selected as management indicators for the anadromous fish assemblage. The rainbow trout was selected for the inland coldwater fish assemblage, and the largemouth bass was selected for the inland warmwater fish assemblage.
Selection of Management Indicators. The Forest Service manages fish habitats to maintain viable populations of wild, native fish (rainbow trout, salmon, and steelhead) or to enhance fish populations of wild or introduced (largemouth and smalimouth bass) species. To ensure that viable populations are maintained, these manage- ment indicators are selected to act as "barometers" for aquatic communities. These indicators can then be used in determining the needs of a species and for predicting habitat capability responses to management activities. Simply put, these management indicators are used to guide and monitor Forest management activities in a manner that will maintain biological diversity in addition to producing enough fish to meet recreational and com- mercial needs.
Management indicators are selected from species with similar habitat requirements. Management of these species will ensure that viable population levels of other species represented by the indicator species are also maintained.
9. FOREST PESTS
Plants, animals, insects, fungi, and other organisms in the natural forest environment that interfere with the
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
attainment of Forest goals and objectives are referred to as forest pests. These forest pests exploit certain ecologi- cal niches or conditions which occur at times during a forest's development.
Mortality of mature conifers usually involves a complex of forest pests and predisposing site and stand condi- tions. Bark beetles are usually the immediate cause of conifer mortality. Stresses caused by dwarf mistletoe infestations, root diseases, overstocking, and drought increase the susceptibility of a tree to bark beetle attack. When these trees have commercial value, the mortality may be recovered by salvage logging. Over the last few years, about one-half of the mortality was salvage logged on suitable lands. Annual mortality has ranged from 15-20 million board feet (MMBF) during periods of rela- tively normal precipitation, to as high as 80 MMBF fol- lowing several years of drought.
Forest pests also account for significant losses to young tree seedlings. Competing vegetation, deer, and gophers are the major pests which contribute to plantation failures and/or the need for replanting.
In addition to losses to the timber resource, pests can have significant effects on other resources as well. Loss of vegetation in campgrounds can affect their manage- ment and use. Small openings and dead trees may pro- vide habitat for wildlife. High levels of mortality along streams may affect streambank stability and on hillsides visual quality may be impaired.
The overall approach to preventing or controlling forest pests is called Integrated Pest Management (1PM). IPM recognizes the interrelationships of the entire pest-host system and, rather than just attacking the pest, treats one or more of the components in an integrated manner.
IPM combines various strategies into a decision-making process. The process includes one or more of the follow- ing steps: prevention, surveillance, detection, evalua- tion, suppression, and monitoring. The goal is to prevent and/or reduce unacceptable resource losses. This ap- proach includes pest-related information in the develop- ment and implementation of silvicultural prescriptions. In selecting appropriate techniques to minimize pest- caused losses, a range of options is considered on a case-by-case basis, including chemical, biological, manual, and cultural methods.
Maintaining acceptable levels of pest effects is usually related to the level of vegetation management that can be implemented. Most pest management measures occur as a result of silvicultural manipulations, not from direct control of the offending organism. For analysis purposes, the intensity of pest management practiced is partially dependent on the level of vegetation manage- ment that can be applied.
10. GEOLOGY
Two active volcanoes are located in the northeastern portion of the Shasta Forest: Mt. Shasta and Medicine Lake Volcano. The U.S. Geological Survey has identified an area of 1,200 square miles around Mt. Shasta as having a significant hazard from ash fall, mudflows, pyroclastic flows, and lava flows. The hazards associated with the Medicine Lake Volcano are still being assessed.
The extent of seismic hazards within the Forests is un- known. Earthquakes of Richter magnitude 4.5 and 3.7 were recorded in 1978 and 1981. Both occurred near Stephens Pass in the northern portion of the McCloud District and resulted in localized surface rupture.
Nearly all of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests have been inventoried for landslide hazards. Significant landslide hazards are present within the Trinity National Forest and in portions of the Shasta National Forest, especially in canyon lands adjacent to the Sacramento, McCloud, and Pit Rivers.
Avalanche hazards are extensive in steep, high elevation, alpine areas. These areas are generally above treeline or in sparsely vegetated areas. Major avalanche areas on the Forests include theTrinityAlps, theTrinity Divide, and Mt. Shasta. Other than Mt. Shasta, winter access is limited and use within these areas is light.
There are over 80 groundwater wells, with an annual output of nearly 657 acre-feet/year of water, on the Forests. The majority of the well water is used at recrea- tion and administrative sites. Additional uses include dust abatement, wildlife habitat, and fire suppression.
11. LANDS
There are a variety of complex land ownership patterns within the boundaries of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. This diversity of ownership results from disposals of land under a variety of public land and mining laws enacted before and after the Forests were established. Homestead laws, general mining laws, grants to schools, and railroad land grants are a few examples.
This complex landownership pattern can diminish the effectiveness and benefits that can be derived from Forest resources. The intermingled ownership results in increased costs for boundary line establishment and maintenance, the need for right-of-way acquisition, com- plexity of fire protection and general administration, oc- cupancy trespass, a demand for special uses, and increases in complexity of other basic realty manage- ment and protection responsibilities.
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
Conversely, the need to consolidate in areas where the intermingled lands are large tracts of single private owners may not be needed when there are advantages to the public of retaining the mixed ownership pattern, and there is an opportunity to promote better land use through coordinated efforts.
Land exchange is the principal method for accomplishing landownership adjustments. The Forests' land adjust- ment program is the vehicle to develop and implement a coordinated program of adjusting ownership patterns to optimize public benefits and administrative effective- ness consistent with private landowners needs.
The Resources Planning Act (RPA) requires that all property boundary lines between Forest and private lands be surveyed by the year 2020. About 1,900 miles of boundary line remain to be located and posted.
Hydroelectric power is the major energy resource as- sociated with the Forests. The Bureau of Reclamation operations at Shasta and Trinity Dams, along with PC&E operations in the Pit River, yield a maximum potential capacity of 1,352 megawatts. Several small hydro projects have been developed and a few are in various stages of planning. Numerous opportunities exist for small hydro but development has been curtailed because of economical considerations.
12. LAW ENFORCEMENT
Shasta-Trinity National Forests' personnel administer their responsibilities for regulating use and protecting National Forest lands under Title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) and appropriate sections of Titles 16, 18 and 21 of the United States Code.
According to the U.S. Constitution, the authority and responsibility to protect citizens and their property and the general police power is reserved to the States. Except in specific areas, the States have delegated their general police powers to city police departments or local county sheriffs.
While the Forest Service does not assume the sheriff's responsibilities in these matters, it is essential that the agency continue to provide and enforce 36 CFRs which govern public behavior. Specific examples relate to the rights, safety, and enjoyment of other users. The Forest Service enforces the CFRs in full partnership with local law enforcement agencies. State, local, Forest Service, and other Federal law enforcement authorities, each with somewhat different responsibilities and authorities, share in the law enforcement role on National Forest lands.
Although only a small percentage of visitors and users on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests commit violations, the
number of law enforcement incidents is rising steadily due to an increase in the following:
a. visitors and users;
b. conflicts between users;
c. enclaves of lawlessness on National Forest and ad- jacent lands;
d. users involved in illegal activities; and
e. the trend toward increased criminal activity in areas suffering from economic depression or uncertainty.
These increased violations of the law, with their com- plexity and diversity, require professional law enforce- ment support. Staffing of appropriately trained and equipped personnel commensurate with the volume of violations will continue. The philosophy that all Forest Service employees have law enforcement responsibilities will continue and will be strengthened.
13. MINERALS
Forest Service policy is to encourage mineral exploration and development. The Forest Service integrates the development and use of mineral resources to the fullest extent possible under the laws governing mineral removal.
Noteworthy minerals in the Forests, based on past and present mining or exploration interests, are gold, lime- stone, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, chromite, barite, sodium, geothermal energy, oil and gas, and rock ag- gregate.
The removal of beatable minerals is administered under 36 CFR 228, Subpart A through a Plan of Operations or Notice of Intent. Removal of mineral materials of com- mon variety (non-locatable) is administered under 36 CFR 228, Subpart C through a Mineral Materials Permit.
There is no interest in oil and gas exploration on the Forests.
The Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-581) authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to issue leases for exploration, development and utilization of geothermal resources on National Forest lands. There is interest in the geothermal resource on the Shasta Forest, particular- ly a portion of the Glass Mountain Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) located on the eastern edge of the Forest. The majority of this KGRA is on the Modoc National Forest.
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
14. RANGE
Historically, livestock grazing on public land reached its peak during the late 1 800s and declined over the next 50 years. The decline in stock permitted on public land was largely a result of a reduction in livestock numbers to achieve proper stocking rates. In addition, more reliance on family-owned ranching operations lead to decreased demand.
The Forests' permit and administer 7,028 animal months (*AM) of grazing for 2,350 cattle, 2,120 sheep, and 45 horses on 26 term and temporary allotments. These allotments include 245,834 acres of suitable range land. Twenty-nine permittees are dependent upon the Forests' range resource to maintain part of their ranching opera- tions.
* An AM is one month's use and occupancy of the range by one animal.
15. RECREATION
The Shasta-Trinity National Forests are recognized na- tionally for the wide variety of outstanding recreation opportunities they provide. A large share of the Pacific Southwest Region's (Region 5) recreation activities is offered on the Forests. Other Federal agencies, State and local governments, and the private sector also share in the type of recreation activities offered.
Recreation on the Forests can be best described in terms of supply and demand. Supply is the quantity of recrea- tion facilities or settings available for visitor use. In the case of developed sites, supply is expressed in terms of capacity. This is determined by the number of camping units or parking spaces available. For dispersed recrea- tion, supply is expressed as a mixture of settings that are conducive to various activities. The recreation oppor- tunity spectrum (ROS) is used to describe recreation settings offered; they range from primitive to rural. The recreation setting supply is measured in acres within each ROS class.
Demand for recreation is more difficult to determine than supply. Demand varies according to numerous factors associated with the preferences of recreationists and the settings offered. One indication of probable demand, which is easily measured, is recreation use. Current and projected use levels give an estimate of the recreation settings that may be needed in the future.
Recreation Supply
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS). ROS is a system that inventories National Forest lands for a variety
of existing and potential recreation opportunities based on the size, distance from roads, and degree of develop- ment of a given area. The ROS classes pertinent to the Shasta-Trinity National Forests are: Primitive (P), Semi- primitive Non-motorized (SPNM), Semi-primitive Motorized (SPM), Roaded Natural (RN), and Rural (R). These terms are defined in the Glossary (Draft EIS, Chap- ter VIII).
Inventoried SPNM and SPM categories include the majority of about 306,000 acres (within 29 areas) that were released for non-wilderness resource management under the 1984 California Wilderness Act. (Refer to the "Wilderness and Roadless Areas" Section in this Chapter and to the "Recreation" Section in Chapter IV).
Developed Recreation Facilities. Developed sites in- clude campgrounds and picnic areas, observation and interpretive sites, fishing areas, boating and swimming sites, trailheads, recreation residences, marinas and resorts. The ROS settings include the semi-primitive (motorized and non-motorized) and roaded settings (roaded natural and rural).
Approximately 1,300 acres are allocated to developed recreation areas on the Forests. These include 81 campgrounds with 1,355 camping units; 20 picnic areas with 127 units; 14 parking areas for boaters; 3 day use swim areas; and 20 resorts and marinas. The total capacity of developed recreation facilities, estimated by the number of people-at-one-time (PAOT) multiplied by the season of use (days), is 1,147,500 PAOT-days.
Developed recreation use (1.5 million recreation visitor days [RVDs]) is at 65 percent of the theoretical maximum capacity for developed facilities (2.3 million RVDs). Regional standards state that if a Forest's developed facilities are reporting use greater than 40 percent of the theoretical maximum capacity, demand is exceeding supply.
Some developed sites on the Forests are overcrowded and in poor condition. Many campgrounds are frequent- ly filled to capacity. Most of the Forests' campgrounds were designed and constructed 30-50 years ago and are not suited to today's recreational pursuits. Recreation budgets have not kept pace with facilities maintenance and reconstruction needs. It is estimated that 90 percent of the developed recreation facilities on the Forests are operated below standard.
Downhill ski facilities were in operation in the Ski Bowl on Mt. Shasta from 1957-1978. Studies for possible redevelopment were delayed pending final wilderness allocation of the California Wilderness Act of 1984. An environmental statement was completed in 1988. The Record of Decision selected an alternative involving development of downhill skiing on 1,950 acres of Nation- al Forest land on Mt. Shasta, with a potential to serve up
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
to 4,800 skiers-at-one-time (SAOT). A new Record of Decision will be issued for the ski area developer when the updated review and analysis are completed. This review will determine the eligibility of Mt. Shasta for the National Register of Historic Places.
Mt. Shasta Ski Park, located on a lower elevation section of private land, became operational for the 1985/86 ski season. It has an estimated capacity of 2,000 SAOT.
Dispersed Recreation Settings. Dispersed recreation settings include forest roads and highways, backcountry areas, rivers, lakes, streams, and wildernesses. The ROS settings include the primitive, semi-primitive (motorized and non-motorized), and roaded settings.
Roaded settings include scenic byways, highways, wild and scenic rivers, lands adjacent to timber harvest areas, and many lakes within the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA). Developed recreation sites are generally located within the roaded settings. In addition to the developed sites, there are opportunities for many kinds of dispersed recreation. Because roaded settings are located on relatively gentle terrain with abun- dant access, most of the acreage within the setting is usable.
Semi-primitive settings include wild and scenic rivers, large lakes, and backcountry areas. These settings pro- vide remoteness, challenge, and solitude. Some of these areas are managed for motorized travel by boat or off- highway vehicle (OHV) travel. Other areas are managed for non-motorized travel by foot, horseback or mountain bike. Location, access, and attractions affect the semi- primitive areas' level of use. As with developed sites, some semi-primitive areas are lightly used. Other areas attract enough use so that crowding and user conflicts occur. In these settings, terrain and trail access could limit the usable area. Although total acreage may be high, recreation use is usually concentrated along a trail or shoreline.
Many semi-primitive areas on the Forests offer desirable attractions, but use is limited. These areas generally lack an identity, adequate signing, or published information. Therefore, many potential visitors turn toward more publicized, Congressionally designated areas like NRAs and Wildernesses.
The largest and most remote backcountry areas are classified as primitive. All of the primitive ROS settings on the Forests are within Congressionally designated Wildernesses. There are five Wildernesses on the Shas- ta-Trinity National Forests: Castle Crags, Chanchelulla, Mt. Shasta, Trinity Alps, and Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel.
The Forests' OHV Plan designates 239, 1 75 acres to cross- country travel. An additional 1,383,596 acres restrict OHV use to existing roads and trails because of highly
erodible soils, steep terrain, critical wildlife habitat, or other resource conflicts. About 500,000 acres on the Forests are closed to OHVs, primarily because of wilder- ness designation.
A Draft Statewide OHV Motor Vehicle Recreational Trails Plan has been developed for the State of California Department of Parks and Recreation. This plan presents the concept of a statewide OHV trail system that con- nects use areas to provide opportunities for long distance trail touring. Although the State Plan identifies specific route locations, it recognizes that the actual route may vary. Existing OHV trails and low-standard roads can serve as part of the statewide system and provide long distance touring opportunities. There are 4,300 miles of road on the Forests that are ideal for OHV travel. Lands designated as semi-primitive motorized would be managed to provide a primitive recreation experience, while maintaining motorized access.
Recreation Demand: Current and Projected Use
Recreation use on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests is extremely high when compared to other National Forests in the United States. It ranks among the top ten in the nation. An estimated 4.1 million RVDs occurred in 1989; this figure does not include 0.7 million RVDs related to hunting and fishing. This use is the result of the unique and abundant recreation opportunities which are easily accessible from Interstate 5, the primary north/south transportation corridor for the West Coast. 1-5 passes directly through the Shasta Unit of the NRA and in close proximity to the Castle Crags Wilderness and the Mt. Shasta Wilderness and Recreation Area. Between Shasta Lake and Mt. Shasta the Interstate parallels the upper Sacramento River. From 1-5, State Highway 299 west provides access to the Trinity Scenic Byway, the Trinity Unit of the NRA, the Trinity Alps Wilderness, and the Trinity Heritage Scenic Byway.
The current (1989) recreation use of 4.1 million RVDs is distributed as follows:
Developed Recreation (Public)-- 15 Percent. This in- cludes campgrounds, group campgrounds, and pic- nic areas.
Developed Recreation (Private)- 10 Percent. This includes facilities under special use permit, such as resorts, campgrounds, and recreation residences.
Dispersed Recreation— 70 Percent. This includes boating, hiking, car camping, backpacking, pleasure driving, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snow play, river rafting, mountain biking, and OHV use.
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
Wildemess-5 Percent This includes hiking, back- packing, horseback riding, camping, mountaineering, and rock climbing.
The 1989 RPA document, "An Analysis of the Outdoor Recreation and Wilderness Situation in the United States: 1989-2040", lists 1 1 activities that are expected to exhibit the greatest growth in the number of recreational trips away from home. In order from greatest to least are: pleasure walking, pleasure driving, picnicking, stream/lake/ocean swimming, family gatherings, pool swimming, wildlife observation and photography and other outdoor photography, motorboating, bicycle riding, and day hiking.
Of particular interest is the projected growth in demand for the following water and snow activities: 27 percent increase for motorboating and 233 percent increase for downhill skiing. The Shasta-Trinity National Forests will play a major role in meeting these increasing recreational demands.
Additional private sector demand is expected in the areas of downhill skiing, outfitter guide services, and resorts. This increased demand is addressed in various NRA Plans, wilderness plans, and other environmental docu- ments.
16. RIPARIAN AREAS
There are about 2,000 miles of perennial streams, 3,500 miles of intermittent streams, and 53,000 acres of lakes and reservoirs within the Forests.
Some of the most productive, sensitive, and diverse sites on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests are within riparian areas. These areas are adjacent to streams or other bodies of water. Along perennial streams, lakes, and reservoirs, riparian areas generally comprise the area within 100 feet of high water marks. For nonperennial streams, wet meadows, and marshes, riparian areas are usually defined as being within 50 feet of the channel or standing water. There are about 67,000 acres of riparian area on the Forests.
Riparian areas provide important habitat for fish and other aquatic life-forms, as well as a variety of wildlife species, including the willow fly catcher, fisher, and bald eagle. Riparian areas have high wildlife values because of the close proximity of water and structural diversity of the vegetation. Riparian areas are the focus of water-re- lated recreation uses; other uses are for livestock foraging and watering, water developments, and protection of wood products. This wide array of uses often results in conflicts between uses and the way riparian areas should be managed.
The condition of the Forests' riparian areas varies from areas that have never been disturbed to areas which have recovered or are in the process of recovering from dis- turbance. Other areas are in need of restoration efforts to help them recover more quickly. Riparian area damage can occur from natural causes, such as floods, as well as from livestock grazing, timber harvesting, mining, road building, and recreation use.
Past land management activities have been inconsistent in the application of riparian area management. Current management objectives within riparian areas are directed toward maintenance/improvement of the riparian ecosystem and protection of water quality and streamcourses. Wildlife and fisheries are emphasized while timber management and other non-dependent resource practices are not emphasized.
Forest personnel use Best Management Practices (BMPs) for the protection of water quality as described in "Water Quality Management for National Forest System Lands in California." These BMPs provide for watershed and riparian area improvement and the conduct of land-dis- turbing activities in a manner that will not result in the pollution of water from nonpoint sources. The use of BMPs will also minimize future conflicts and provide protection or enhancement of riparian areas. Riparian management zones along perennial, intermittent, and major ephemeral streams add additional protection to the riparian areas and the streams.
17. SOILS
A Soils Resource Inventory (SRI) has been completed for the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. This SRI is an Order 3 (reconnaissance) level survey which is suitable for broad land management planning. Soil/Water Resource Specialists provide the project level information. In addi- tion, an Ecological Unit Inventory (EUI) is in progress. This EUI will provide integrated soil/geology/vegetation data for project level ecosystem management planning.
The SRI has identified 105 different soil types on the Forests. The productivity of these soils ranges from un- suitable to high. The greatest threat to the maintenance of soil productivity is erosion-both sheet and gully. Al- most any soil is subject to erosion if a sufficient amount of surface water flow is present. Some soils have a higher propensity to erode than others. Examples of highly erodible soils are: Howtow, Chawanankee, Chaix, and Oval; they have developed from coarse-grained granitic bedrock.
Approximately 195,000 acres of National Forest land have a high to very high erodibility factor. Several management tools can be used to prevent unacceptable soil loss resulting from management activities These tools include: (1) an Interagency Erosion Hazard Rating system
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
for identifying soil erosion hazards; (2) management guidelines for granitic soils for controlling the manage- ment activities; and (3) Soil Quality Standards (SQS) which require the amount and kind of ground cover to be retained for soil protection.
The SQS are being implemented to provide better long term protection for the soil. These SQS are threshold values that are being established to protect soil produc- tivity from significant change or impairment of the soil's productivity capacity through land management prac- tices. Long term impairment or change of the soils can occur in several ways: through compaction, loss of or- ganic matter, loss of large, woody material and erosion.
Shasta-Trinity National Forest personnel have completed a soil moisture/seedling survival study and a soil fertility study on a variety of plots in Northern and Central California. The results of this study will be used to identify opportunities for increasing productivity. In addition, there is a program in place to monitor the implementa- tion and effectiveness of the SQS.
18. SPECIAL AREAS
Research Natural Areas (RNAs)
Only one RNA, the Shasta Mud Flow RNA, is established on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Approximately 3,703 acres (3,115 acres, net) were designated as the
Shasta Mud Flow RNA by the Chief of the Forest Service in 1971. This RNA represents young growth Pacific ponderosa pine for the Cascade Physiographic Province and the scientific geologic values of a volcanic mud flow.
Fourteen areas have been screened and found to be viable candidates for RNA status. Nine of these are recommended for establishment. See Table 3-1.
The Pacific Southwest Region's RNA Committee recently identified several gaps in the array of natural habitat types currently represented in the California RNA system. In addition, new target types were added in 1 990 as a result of refinement in the classification of non-forested ecosys- tems.
On the Shasta-Trinity National Forests 87 elements (ecosystems) are targeted by the Pacific Southwest Region for investigation, screening, and possible in- clusion into the RNA system. These elements include: 19 meadow and wetland types, 1 1 riparian and bottomland types, 8 scrub and chaparral types, 1 grassland type, 9 woodland types, 36 forest types, 2 alpine types, and 1 limestone type.
A list of RNA targets and their correlation with RNA candidates on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests is shown in Appendix F of the Draft EIS, along with descrip- tions of the RNA candidates.
|
Table 3-1 Candidates for Research Natural Areas |
|||
|
Area Name \ liilliMlIi |
Acres |
Ranger District |
|
|
i. |
Bald Mountain Creek |
800 |
McCloud |
|
2. |
Bear Creek |
4,500 |
Hayfork |
|
3. |
Cascade |
2,000 |
Mt. Shasta |
|
4. |
* Cedar Basin |
1,160 |
Mt. Shasta |
|
5. |
* Devils Rock-Hosselkus |
5,550 |
Shasta Lake |
|
6. |
* Manzanita Creek |
7,250 |
Big Bar |
|
7. |
Murphy Glade |
1,260 |
Yolla Bolla |
|
8. |
* Mt. Eddy |
890 |
Mt. Shasta |
|
9. |
* Preacher Meadows |
1,850 |
Weaverville |
|
10. |
* Red Butte-Red Fir Ridge |
1,640 |
McCloud |
|
11. |
* Rough Gulch |
3,960 |
Hayfork/Yolla Bolla |
|
12. |
* Smoky Creek |
960 |
Hayfork |
|
13. |
South Fork Mountain |
1,180 |
Yolla Bolla |
|
14. |
* Stuart Fork |
1,500 ■ |
Weaverville |
|
TOTAL |
34,500 |
* Recommended for RNA establishment.
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
Special Interest Areas (SIAs)
There are no established SIAs on the Shasta-Trinity Na- tional Forests. However, 19 areas are recommended for SIA designation. Special features of these SIAs include limestone caves, waterfalls, volcanic craters, fossil localities, and serpentine plant communities. Twenty- two other candidates will be evaluated for their suitability as SIAs during the Plan period.
Table Sill-14 (Draft E!5) lists the 19 areas recommended for designation as SIAs and the candidates to be evaluated for SIA suitability. Each is described briefly in Chapter 111 of the Draft ESS.
19. TIMBER
Forest Land Description. Of the 2,121,547 acres of National Forest lands on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests about 76 percent, or 1,629,000 acres, is forested with commercial conifers. Of that amount, about 1,077,775 acres are classified as tentatively suitable and available for timber production.
Tentatively suitable timber lands occur in four major commercial forest types: mixed conifer, Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and red fir. Lodgepole pine, knobcone pine, and hardwoods are also found, but they are in limited supply with minor timber yields. Six percent of the tentatively suitable timber land base is occupied by brush and other non-commercial species and is devoid of com- mercial trees.
The predominant conifer species on the Forests are Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, red and white fir, sugar pine, and incense-cedar. The predominant hardwooa species are black oak and live oak.
The size and age class distribution of the Forests' com- mercial conifer timber is not in an even or regulated condition. There is a large amount of land in the small sawtimber class and less in the smaller and larger size classes.
Nearly one-third of the tentatively suitable land is under- stocked. In fact, many stands are understocked and/or over-mature and are not fully utilizing the growth poten- tial of the site. In addition, most of the existing stands on the Forests have culminated in mean annual increment of cubic foot growth.
Refer to Appendix D for additional timber related data.
Timber Management Direction. The latest timber management direction was established in the May 8, 1975, Shasta-Trinity National Forest Timber
Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact State- ment (Final EIS). Among other things, this Plan set an annual potential timber yield for the Forests based on timber inventory conditions that occurred in the 1 960's.
Several of the assumptions on which these potential yield calculations were based have changed or have proven incorrect. Recent changes in multiple-use direction for timber producing lands, such as for spotted owls, as well as reductions in the amount of land suitable and available for timber production, such as for new wildernesses and land exchanges, have changed the Forests' timber base significantly.
Suitable Timber Land Base. The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976 required Forest per- sonnel to do an assessment of lands which are capable, available, and tentatively suitable for timber production. Based on this assessment, completed in 1990, 622,870 acres on the Shasta Forest and 454,905 on the Trinity Forest, for a total of 1,077,775 acres, have been identified as tentatively suitable for timber production. Of this amount, 924,230 acres are suitable for all silvicultural systems (including clearcutting); 37,945 acres are suitable for all systems except clearcutting (primarily high elevation red fir); and 1 1 5,600 acres are suitable for stand maintenance or salvage only (due to site limitations such as low soil productivity, high rock content, and soils with poor water-holding capacity.)
Herbicides/Timber Stand Improvement. Timber stand improvement (TSI) consists of suppressing competing vegetation (release) and thinning young stands. Between 1988 and 1992, an average of about 8,000 plantation acres per year were released on the Forests, and about 1,600 were precommercially thinned.
The Annual TSI Needs Report identifies the amount of acreage that has been inventoried and requires TSI treat- ments. The most recent Needs Report (October 1992) shows about 34,000 acres in need of release; an addi- tional 22,000 acres need thinning. An unknown number of acres in need of TSI treatments has not yet been inventoried.
Precommercial thinning is normally done manually by chainsaw, but some thinning is done mechanically on flat ground. Until 1984, release of plantations on the Forests was normally accomplished by chemical methods, using herbicides. Since 1984, release treatments have been done either by manual or mechanical methods due to a moratorium on the use of herbicides. This moratorium has been lifted, and herbicides are available for use once again.
Harvest Level. The annual programmed harvest level under the 1 975 Timber Management Plan was about 242 million board feet (MMBF) after adjustments were made for the California Wilderness Act. This harvest level was
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
based on a suitable timber land base of about 1,074,000 acres.
The actual volume sold between 1975 and 1992 averaged about 200 MMBF per year (95 MMBF on the Shasta side and 1 05 MMBF on the T rinity). The actual sell volume was less than the programmed harvest level due primarily to budget limitations, poor timber markets during the early 1980s, and restrictions on the timber land base (such as herbicides and roadless areas.)
The recent listing of the northern spotted owl has further reduced the Forests' timber sale program. The actual volume sold between 1990 and 1992 averaged about 90 MMBF per year.
Reforestation. Artificial regeneration by planting is the most commonly used method to assure adequate and prompt regeneration. Over 130,000 acres of plantations have been artificially regenerated. Many of these planta- tions are less than 20-25 years of age. Between 1 984 and 1992 an average of about 9,500 acres was regenerated by planting annually.
The seedling survival rate after one growing season has consistently been about 85-90 percent for tne pines and 70-75 percent for Douglas-fir. The success of planted seedlings, along with the natural regeneration that oc- curs, has resulted in a high percentage (95 percent +) of the Forests plantations meeting minimum stocking standards within five years after harvest.
Natural regeneration is not normally relied on due primarily to the unreliability of natural seed sources. Past experience with natural regeneration in shelterwood and selection cuttings has resulted in failures.
Clearcutting/Silvicultural Systems. The 1975 Timber Management Plan and Final EIS selected even-aged management as the preferred method for the Plan period (1975 to present). Clearcutting has been the primary method used to regenerate stands under this Plan. During the period from 1984 through 1990, about 49 percent of the acres harvested on the Forests were clear- cut, or an average of about 8,700 acres per year. The average size of clearcut openings has been between 10 and 12 acres in recent years.
Even-aged management is the preferred silvicultural sys- tem for the commercial forest types, particularly when timber growth and yield are a primary management objective. Uneven-aged management may be ap- propriate where resources other than timber are em- phasized and a continuous forest cover is desired.
Timber Supply. According to inventories completed for the Shasta and Trinity Forests in 1980, and updated in 1989, there are about 19.0 billion board feet of standing
timber on lands classified as tentatively suitable for tim- ber production.
The average volume harvested from the Forests between 1975 and 1992 was about 97 MMBF per year on the Shasta Forest and 115 MMBF on the Trinity Forest. This amount will decline in the next few years due to the listing of the northern spotted owl.
As of September 30, 1 992, the volume under contract on existing timber sales was about 80 MMBF. The volume under contract has been steadily declining in recent years.
Timber Demand. About 20 local mills get their timber supply from the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Nearly all of the Forests' timber is processed in the local impact Counties of Shasta (40 percent), Trinity (26 percent), Tehama (16 percent), and Siskiyou (12 percent). The annual capacity of the local mills is estimated at 700-800 MMBF.
The demand for timber is high because mill capacity is about four times the Forests' annual sell volume. This demand leads to highly competitive bidding on most sales. The mills in the smaller local communities rely heavily on Shasta-Trinity timber; as much as one-half of the processed timber comes from the Forests. Timber harvest levels have a significant impact on those com- munities most dependent on the wood products in- dustry.
In recent years, due to high demand, all of the timber offered for sale on the Forests has been sold. Sales typically sell for several times more than the advertised rates.
Real timber prices have steadily increased over the years, as reflected in the average prices paid for timber sales. These long term price trends reflect the increasing scar- city of timber in relation to demand.
Demand for the major conifer species on the Forests can be reflected in their relative stumpage values. Sugar pine and ponderosa pine are high value species; Douglas-fir and incense cedar are moderate value species; and the true firs, red and white fir, are low value species.
The demand for hardwoods for home heating has risen dramatically since the cost of electricity has increased. However, there are large quantities of hardwoods avail- able on the Forests.
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
20. VISUAL QUALITY
About 373 miles of roads on the Forests are managed so that adjacent beauty and attractiveness can be main- tained or enhanced.
The Shasta and Trinity Units of the Whiskeytown-Shas- ta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA) were desig- nated by Congress "for the public outdoor recreation use.. .and the conservation of scenic, scientific, historic, and other values..." (Public Law 89-336). The NRA is managed accordingly.
The Mt. Shasta Recreation Area possesses "much scenic beauty which should be conserved and developed for use and enjoyment by the general public for purposes of outdoor recreation..." This area, located on the upper slopes of Mt. Shasta, is also managed for scenic quality.
Views from State and Federal highways, identified as being eligible for designation as scenic highways, are managed to protect scenic quality. In addition, developed recreation sites and Wildernesses are managed to protect scenic values.
Over time, the landscape has undergone significant change. The existing visual condition of the Forests varies from an unaltered appearance to areas which have been physically altered on a large scale. About 75 percent of the Forests are natural or near natural in appearance. Inventories indicate there is a historic trend toward more change to a less natural apprearing landscape. This trend has been accelerating during the past 35 years, principal- ly in the areas seldom visited by recreationists.
In order to estimate the level of visual quality which would be acceptable to most people, recommended standards for managing the visual resource have been established. These inventoried visual quality objectives (VQOs) were based upon estimates of public concern for scenic quality (sensitivity levels), the quality of the landscape (variety class), and distance of the landscape from the viewing area. VQOs identify how much a management activity can contrast visually with the char- acter of the landscape.
Management activities are being monitored to determine the trend of visual quality throughout the Forests.
21. WATER
Water Yield
Of the 5.45 million acre-feet of water yielded from the Shasta-Trinity National Forests' watersheds annually,
almost all is used for human benefit in some manner. The water temporarily stored in Shasta and Clair Engle (Trinity) Lakes is used extensively for consumptive and nonconsumptive uses. The Water Quality Control Plans for the North Coast and Central Valley Regions list benefi- cial uses for the waters of the major tributaries on the Forests. The Plans list potential as well as existing uses. Aquatic habitat, lake-oriented recreation, production of hydroelectric power, and downstream agricultural irriga- tion are the primary water uses. Lake storage and releases also affect wildlife habitats and provide flood control.
Nine communities within the Forests have organized water supply agencies that obtain community water from surface sources. They are: Big Bar, Castella, Covington Mill, Craigview, Del Loma, Hayfork, Lakeshore Heights, Trinity Center, and Weaverville. Shasta and Trinity Lakes also provide domestic water to several communities and/or resorts: Jones Valley, Silverthorn Resort, Bridge Bay Resort, Mountain Gate, Shasta Dam Public Utilities District, and Fairview Marina. There is no formal agree- ment with these users regarding watershed manage- ment; however, water quality for these domestic uses meets State objectives.
In addition to community water systems, many domestic water systems are scattered throughout the Forests. Management direction is to protect water quality for domestic uses while maintaining State objectives.
The current water yield is sufficient to meet existing and future local needs. However, it is anticipated that there may be a water shortage in Southern California for irrigation and domestic uses. A portion of the water produced from the Shasta-Trinity National Forests is transported to Southern California.
Water Quality
Generally, water quality meets standards for beneficial uses. There are some areas where, because of past management activities, the quality of water does not meet standards during storm runoff periods. Cumulative impacts of successive activities, such as road construc- tion and timber harvesting on private and National Forest lands, also contribute to the degradation of water quality.
Sixty-one watersheds have been identified within the Forests; they range from 11 to 410 square miles in size. An inventory of the existing condition of these water- sheds indicates that seven have high disturbance levels due to past management activities or the 1987 fires. These watersheds are the East Fork of the South Fork Trinity River, Rattlesnake Creek, Hyampom, Gulch, But- ter Creek, Plummer Creek, and Upper Hayfork Creek. Cumulative impacts have occurred within subwater- sheds of these watersheds, and there is a significant risk
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
of initiating additional cumulative impacts within the main channels draining these watersheds.
22. WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS
In 1968, Congress established the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System and encouraged States and local governments to participate in the program. In 1972, a California System was established under the California Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (Behr Bill). In 1976, the Forest Service and the California Department of Fish and Came (DFG) entered into a Memorandum of Understanding on cooperative relationships in handling Wild and Scenic River matters for both the National and State systems. This agreement included cooperation in carrying out studies and in preparing management plans.
In July, 1980, the Governor of California petitioned the Secretary of Interior to include certain segments of the previously designated California Wild and Scenic Rivers System as part of the National System. In January, 1981, approximately 106 miles of the Trinity River system, on National Forest lands, were designated as part of the Wild and Scenic Rivers System.
Public demand for existing wild and scenic rivers, as measured through recreation use, is low to moderate. Projected demand for free-flowing rivers, as measured through growing public interest, is expected to increase significantly in the next five decades. As more dams and diversions are constructed in the western states, the availability of wild and scenic rivers will decrease. There- fore, it is likely that additional river designations will continue as long as the related concerns of water quality maintenance, fishing habitat protection, and scenic protection remain in the forefront.
In 1 982, the Department of Interior completed an inven- tory and screening of potential rivers and river segments. A total of 134.6 miles of additional rivers within the Forests' planning area were identified under the National Rivers Inventory. Public comments on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests' Draft Environmental Impact Statement (Draft EIS), issued in August 1986, recommended that Squaw Valley Creek also be considered as a potential wild river. Field analysis indicates that 10.5 miles of Squaw Valley Creek are eligible for designation. Seg- ments of the public also recommended Canyon Creek and Hayfork Creek for designation. While these streams were not listed on the Nationwide Rivers Inventory, they total about 21.5 miles and 14.0 miles, respectively, and have been determined to be eligible for designation. The public has also requested evaluation of Beegum Creek and the Sacramento River (above Box Canyon Dam) for eligibility.
Through this document Forest personnel have made a preliminary administrative recommendation for National
Wild and Scenic River designations. This recommenda- tion is subject to further review and modification by the Chief of the Forest Service, Secretary of Agriculture, and the President of the United States. The Congress reserves the right to designate rivers to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.
A Coordinated Resource Management Plan (CRMP) has been adopted for long term management of the Lower and Upper McCloud River. This agreement is between private landowners, the Forest Service, Pacific Gas & Electric, Nature Conservancy, CalTrout, and the DFG. This plan will effectively maintain the outstandingly remarkable values of this potential wild and scenic river. If, for any reason, the terms of the CRMP are not followed and the wild and scenic river eligibility is threatened, the Forest Service will recommend these segments for Federal Wild and Scenic designation.
A Wild and Scenic River Management Plan has been completed for the 53-mile section of the South Fork Trinity River (lower portion). Plans are needed for the New River, North Fork Trinity River (lower section), and the Trinity River (mainstem).
23. WILDERNESS AND ROADLESS AREAS
Wilderness
About 498,776 acres of the Shasta-Trinity National Forests are in five designated Wildernesses. The net acreage of these Wildernesses represents about 24 per- cent of the Forests. This figure includes a portion, 36,805 acres, of the Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness. In addi- tion, there are 405, 1 28 acres in the Forests' portion of the Trinity Alps Wilderness. The Castle Crags Wilderness totals 1 0,483 acres; the Chanchelulla Wilderness encom- passes 7,800 acres; and the Mt. Shasta Wilderness in- cludes 38,560 acres.
There are scattered parcels of private land within the Wildernesses. Because of potential conflicting resource management objectives, it is desirable to acquire these inholdings. There are also conflicts between recreationists and cattle grazing primarily related to ad- verse effects on drinking water sources. Trail main- tenance has been deferred for many years; therefore, many trails require extensive rehabilitation. A number of trails, some built during intensive gold mining days and others located for early grazing use, should be closed and/or relocated to reduce safety and erosion problems.
Public demand for the existing wildernesses, as measured through recreation use, is low to moderate. Projected demand for wilderness and roadless recreation opportunities is expected to increase significantly in the
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
next five decades. The 1 989 RPA document "An Analysis of the Outdoor Recreation and Wilderness Situation in the United States 1989-2040" projects increases in wilderness demand, based on projected future demand for activities commonly occurring in Wildernesses. Day hiking is projected to increase 193 percent; backpacking 155 percent; general outdoor photography 105 percent; and wildlife observation and photography 74 percent.
Further Planning Areas
The Mt. Eddy Roadless Area, containing 7,720 acres, is the only area in this category. Areas in the further plan- ning category are to be considered for wilderness and non-wilderness options. Potential uses include dispersed recreation, downhill ski development, wilderness, wildlife management, research natural area, and a limited amount of timber management.
Released Roadless Areas
The 1984 California Wilderness Bill released 29 inven- toried RARE II roadless areas, totalling 306,060 acres, to be managed for multiple-uses other than wilderness. Wilderness designation cannot be considered for these areas until the Forest Plan is revised in 10-15 years.
Table 3*2
Released Roadless Areas
of High Public Interest
|
Name |
Total Acres |
|
Castle Crags (B) |
1,732 |
|
Chanchelulla |
3,865 |
|
*Chinquapin |
21,520 |
|
Devils Rock |
13,896 |
|
East Beegum: >: |
7,963 |
|
*East Fork |
5,195 |
|
East Girard (Nature Conservancy Portion) |
226 |
|
Fisher Gulch |
4,472 |
|
Little French Creek |
11,227 |
|
Mt. Shasta (B) |
2,958 |
|
*Pattison |
28,326 |
|
Penney Ridge |
4,844 |
|
* South Fork |
17,261 |
|
Underwood |
|
|
West Beegum |
5,480 |
|
*West Girard |
34,892 |
|
TOTAL |
167,076 |
* Five top priority areas of particular concern to the public.
Sixteen of these released roadless areas, containing 167,076 acres, are highly controversial as to the type of activities to be allowed. Some segments of the public urge intensive management, including road building and timber harvest, while others support proposals for non- development, such as semi-primitive non-motorized recreation activities or research natural area designation. A listing of these 16 areas is contained in Table 3-2.
24. WILDLIFE (General)
The Forests' diversity of habitats helps provide for the needs of about 370 wildlife species either seasonally or on a year-round basis. These wildlife are made up of 240 species of birds, 85 species of mammals, and 45 species of reptiles and amphibians.
Because the success of species management is depend- ent on habitat and population management, close coor- dination is required between the Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG), as well as partner- ships with conservation and sports groups. These in- clude: the Mule Deer Foundation, Defenders of Wildlife, National Wildlife Federation, Rocky Mountain Elk Foun- dation, the National Audubon Society, and more.
The public enjoys wildlife for photography, viewing, na- ture study, hunting, etc. Most of the wildlife are non-con- sumptive species. Some of the consumptive species are: black bear, elk, mule deer, wild pig, gray squirrel, rabbits, pigeon, dove, grouse, quail, bobcat, and grey fox.
Management Indicators
The management indicator approach is used to reduce the complexity of discussing all the wildlife species on the Forests. Assemblages or groups of wildlife associated with vegetative communities or key habitat components have been selected as management indicators. Manage- ment of these assemblages will be directed under tne standards and guidelines. Flowever, not all of the as- semblages are used as management indicators for every project.
Assemblages of Management Indicators include *:
1. Late Serai Stage Wildlife Assemblage;
2. Openings and Early Serai Stage Wildlife Assemblage;
3. Multi-habitat Wildlife Assemblage;
4. Snag and Down Log Wildlife Assemblage;
5. Riparian Wildlife Assemblage;
6. Aquatic Wildlife Assemblage;
7. Hardwood Wildlife Assemblage;
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Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
8. Chaparral Wildlife Assemblage; and
9. Cliffs, Caves, Talus, and Rock Outcrop Wildlife As- semblage
* See the Wildlife Section in Chapter III of the Draft EIS for a more detailed discussion of these assemblages.
1. Late Serai Stage Wildlife Assemblage
The late serai stages are important to wildlife for cover, thermal cover, large trees for nesting, large snags and down logs, vertical diversity, older over-mature habitat, etc. Some species represented in this assemblage are: northern spotted owl, goshawk, fisher, marten, Trowbridge shrew, and northern flying squirrel.
2. Openings and Early Serai Stage Wildlife Assemblage
Meadows, shrublands, and early forest serai stages pro- vide diversity within the forest landscape. The openings provide forage areas for some big game species and habitat for small birds and mammals. Some species represented with this assemblage are: the racer, western meadowlark, California quail, song sparrow, western harvest mouse, brush mouse, brush rabbit, California vole, and deer.
3. Multi-Habitat Wildlife Assemblage
Some wildlife species depend upon a variety of vegetated habitats, serai stages, and special habitat components. Their needs may vary from winter to summer, from night to day or during breeding season. Some harvest species are represented in this multi-habitat assemblage: black bear, mule deer, elk, and turkey.
4. Snag and Down Log Wildlife Assemblage
Snags and down logs, components of decadence, are requirements for many wildlife species. Some species represented by this assemblage are: long-toed salamander, pileated woodpecker, black bear, western screech owl, pygmy owl, sawwhet owl, and tree swallow.
5. Riparian Wildlife Assemblage
The riparian assemblage represents species which use the terrestrial vegetation of the riparian zone. Riparian vegetation is dependent on a high water table. Riparian areas have a high diversity of plant and wildlife species. Many wildlife species are dependent on this habitat type and adjacent vegetation. With the dense canopy provid- ing cover, shade and cooler temperatures, riparian forests provide corridors, connective habitat, and
migration routes. Some species represented by this wildlife assemblage are: California red legged frog, black salamander, yellow warbler, willow flycatcher, and fisher.
6. Aquatic Wildlife Assemblage
There are several large reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and streams within the Forests. Along with fish, many wildlife species are dependent on water for their living or fish for their diet. The use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) helps provide for water quality protection. Aquatic sys- tems are also managed through fishery and riparian management.
Aquatic dependent wildlife need good water quality, adequate water quantity, riparian and forested cover, fish or aquatic insects, and large woody debris. Some species represented by this assemblage are: tailed frog, western pond turtle, bald eagle, river otter and water shrew.
7. Hardwood Wildlife Assemblage
Hardwoods are found throughout the Forests either in pure stands or as individual trees in conifer forest types. Hardwoods have a high value to wildlife. Wildlife use hardwoods for forage, nesting, and shelter. Acorn production from the oaks is especially important as a food source. Some species represented by this as- semblage are: acorn woodpecker, scrub jay, evening grosbeak, white breasted nuthatch, and Hutton's vireo.
8. Chaparral Wildlife Assemblage
Chaparral is the general name given to a diverse com- bination of shrubs that provide habitat for many wildlife species. Chaparral is maintained as a shrubland through time. It is also included within the early serai stage category. Many rodents inhabit chaparral, and deer and other herbivores find forage here. Chaparral can vary in elevation, and can provide winter range, summer range, escape cover and fawning areas for deer. The shrubs provide flowers, seeds, and leaves for birds in addition to providing cover and nest sites. Some species represented by this assemblage are: bushtit, green-tailed towhee, wrentit, and mountain lion.
9. Cliffs, Caves, Talus, and Rock Outcrops Wildlife Assemblage
Cliffs, caves, talus, and rock outcrops are geologic fea- tures that provide unique habitat for wildlife. These fea- tures provide nesting, denning, and shelter. Because of rough, broken terrain and less vegetation, these features are normally protected from change. For example, cliffs and talus are protected because they are avoided by
3-23
Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
construction activities. Some species represented by this assemblage are: Shasta salamander, canyon wren, peregrine falcon, and Townsend's big eared bat.
Management Opportunities
Wildlife habitats are managed through project design, habitat improvements, protection, and mitigation. Wildlife habitats are also managed through application of standards and guidelines for riparian areas, snags, down logs, hardwoods, and serai stages.
There is an opportunity to increase the viewing and hunting possibilities for the hunted species: deer, bear, elk and turkey. Water, as a drinking source, has a low availability and poor distribution, especially during a drought cycle. Guzzler installation, spring development, riparian improvements and closures can help meet drink- ing water needs. Prey and vegetative forage needs to be maintained or increased in chaparral, hardwood and conifer forest communities. Prescribed fire or crushing of decadent browse, orchard pruning, oak thinning, etc., will improve food availability, abundance, variety, and nutritional value.
Two emerging programs, for mostly non-consumptive species, are the Watchable Wildlife and Neotropical Migrant Bird Program. The Watchable Wildlife Program emphasizes increasing the access, interpretation, and education for public enjoyment of viewing, nature study, and photography of wildlife. The goal of the Neotropical Migrant Bird Program is to maintain, enhance, and re- store declining populations of these birds. The need and opportunity exists to determine the status and possible causes of population changes of these migrant birds. Mapping habitat changes, bird banding, and breeding bird surveys will help determine the status and changes.
There is also an opportunity to market the species, habitat, and program for Watchable Wildlife and Neotropical Migrant Birds. Creation of view sites, viewing pamphlets and brochures, news releases, magazine ar- ticles, local presentations, etc., can be used to promote the enjoyment of wildlife viewing and nature study op- portunities. There is an opportunity to increase partner- ships with civic, recreation, and conservation groups interested in these species.
Several funding sources are available for habitat manage- ment: program management funds, challenge cost share funds, partnership contributions, and Knutsen-Vanden- berg (KV) funds.
WILDLIFE (Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species)
Nationwide, there has been a reduction in certain fish and wildlife species due, in part, to past usage of environ- mentally persistent insecticides such as DDT, but primarily due to the reduction in the quality and quantity of habitat. This reduction has resulted in placing certain species on Federal and/or State lists of threatened and endangered (T&E) species.
Policy direction for the Forest Service is to manage "habitats for all existing native and desired non-native plants, fish, and wildlife species in order to maintain viable populations of such species". The Forest Service has management authority only over those elements related to habitat alteration on National Forest lands. Forest Service activities and programs are intended to assist in the recovery of T&E species and to avoid actions that may cause a species to become threatened or en- dangered.
State/Federal Lists. Various species lists are maintained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the U.S. Forest Service, and the State of California, in addition to State and Federal T&E species lists, the Pacific Southwest Region (Region 5) maintains a "sensitive" species list. The Regional Forester's "sensitive" species list for the Shasta- Trinity National Forests includes 42 plants, 2 birds, 2 mammals and 1 fish.
Species requiring special management considerations due to low population numbers and/or the potential for their habitats to be degraded are included. State listed threatened, endangered, and rare species may also be listed.
Eight of the Forests' T&E and sensitive wildlife species are discussed in this section. They are the northern spotted owl, marbled murrelet, bald eagle, peregrine falcon, goshawk, marten, Pacific fisher, and willow flycatcher. For a complete listing of T&E and sensitive species refer to Appendix G of the Draft EIS.
Threatened
Northern Spotted Owl. The northern spotted owl (NSO) (Strix occidentalis caurina) has been listed by the USFWS as a threatened species and, therefore, is protected under the provisions of the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973.
To provide for a viable population of spotted owls throughout their historic range a network of habitat conservation areas (HCAs) has been delineated in A Conservation Strategy for the Northern Spotted Owl. In addition, the USFWS has designated critical habitat,
3-24
Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
some of which (21,509 acres) is in addition to the HCA acres. Twenty-two HCAs lie within the Forests' boun- daries or are shared with adjacent Forests. In addition, activity centers (territorial pairs or singles) have been located across the Forest landscape but outside of the 22 HCAs.
The Forests' HCAs are only part of the conservation strategy network that has been established throughout Northern California, Oregon, and Washington. The net- work provides for a self-sustaining population of northern spotted owls, but in order to reduce impacts to other resources not all northern spotted owl habitats are protected. In areas managed intensively for timber, ad- ditional northern spotted owl habitats may be lost. Other spotted owl habitat will be maintained outside the HCA network, including some critical habitat, in areas not managed for timber.
In addition to the HCA network, dispersal for the species is being provided through the 50-11-40 rule. This rule states that 50 percent of the forest landscape will be maintained in stands having trees with at least all inch diameter at breast height (dbh) and a 40 percent crown closure.
Marbled Murrelet. On September 28, 1992, the North American subspecies of the marbled murrelet (Brachy ramphus marmoratus marmoratus) was listed as a threatened species by the USFWS.
The marbled murrelet is a small sea bird of the Alcidae family. Its normal range extends from British Columbia, south through Washington, Oregon, and Central Califor- nia.
Marbled murrelets feed primarily on fish and inver- tebrates in or near shore marine waters and the majority are found within or adjacent to the marine environment.
While they spend the majority of their lives on the ocean, they come inland to nest in larger, older trees. Some have been observed nesting inland up to 50 miles in Washington and up to 30 miles in Northern California.
Portions of the Trinity National Forest fall within 35-50 miles from the coast and have the potential to provide suitable nesting habitat. As of November 1, 1992, there had been no verified sightings and/or nests on the Forests.
Endangered
Bald Eagle and Peregrine Falcon. The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) have been listed by the USFWS as en- dangered and, therefore, are protected under the provision of the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973.
Management direction is identified in individual nesting territory management plans. These plans, which are in compliance with official species recovery plans, call for managing approximately 25 pairs of bald eagles and 6 pairs of peregrine falcons on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests.
Sensitive
Goshawk. The goshawk can be found throughout the Forests in late successional stages of most conifer timber types. The Forests have sufficient habitat to support about 200+ nesting pairs. Current management direc- tion is to maintain a minimum of 200 acres of habitat for each of the 190 nesting pairs.
Marten. The marten is a Region 5 sensitive species. It is a close relative of the fisher and both belong to the mustelid family. The marten prefers stands of coniferous forest, primarily the true fir types at higher elevations. Current management direction is similar to that for the fisher.
Pacific Fisher. The fisher is a Region 5 sensitive species that frequents riparian areas as well as dense, deciduous stands of many forest types. Current management direc- tion is to provide a network of suitable habitat to include linkage in the form of dispersal habitat. This direction is being fulfilled, in part, through the development of HCAs. To add to the HCAs, additional wildernesses, roadless areas, riparian management zones, and wild and scenic rivers help provide habitat and maintain viability of the species.
Willow Flycatcher. The willow flycatcher is a Region 5 sensitive species and a State listed threatened species. This species is associated with riparian woodland vegeta- tion, primarily willow and alder, but is known to use upland shrub-type vegetation. Current management direction is to provide for population viability through the protection of habitat in the form of riparian habitat such as riparian management zones and wet meadows.
Extirpated
Several wildlife species no longer exist on the Shasta- Trinity National Forests. These include the California grizzly bear (ursus chelan), bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), and wolf (Canis lupis). The State Fish and Game Commission has no plans to reintroduce these species.
Management Opportunities
Future management goals for TE&S species will be directed towards (1) reaching viable populations in the case of T&E species; and (2) maintaining or, if possible,
3-25
Chapter 3 - Summary of the Analysis of the Mgt. Situation
increasing existing viable populations of sensitive species.
Forest personnel will continue to survey for additional populations and habitats of TE&S species. Comprehen- sive surveys have begun for bald eagles, peregrine fal- cons, and NSOs. These surveys will intensify as management activities continue on the Forests. Addition- al inventory and/or surveys will be necessary to deter- mine location, distribution, and habitat requisites of additional species and populations.
T&E species will continue to be managed under existing recovery goals identified in individual species recovery plans.
Production Potential
F
The Shasta-Trinity National Forests contain a wide range of production potential associated with various resources and activities. Production potential is defined as the opportunity to capture 1 00 percent of a resource's given biological production capacity. Production potentials are established for single resources, but also include mini- mum multiple-resource and legal and administrative constraints. Therefore, the constrained maximum quan- tity-quality available for any given resource or element is
expressed as production potential. Refer to Chapter II and Appendix B of the Draft El S for a complete discussion of the various "benchmarks” used in the analysis process which determined the production potentials for each resource.
Resource Uses and Development G Opportunities
Although production potentials for individual resources are important considerations in the analysis process, the Shasta-Trinity National Forests are mandated by legisla- tive acts and administrative regulations to implement multiple-use management techniques rather than manage the Forests for any single resource emphasis. The allocations associated with this proposed Plan reflect not only the capability and suitability of the land for various uses, but also respond to the public issues and development opportunities identified during the plan- ning process. Refer to Chapter 2 for specific descriptions of how this Plan responds to various issues.
Because of the multiple-use mandates, public issues, and competition among resources for the same land areas, individual resource production potentials are not usually attainable when developing implementable alternatives.
3-26
CHAPTER 4
Management Direction
' ; * ■ jp
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Forest Plan Chapter 4 Table of Contents
Page
Chapter 4 - Management Direction 4-1
A. Introduction 4-1
B. Forest Coals 4-4
C. Forest Objectives 4-6
D. Desired Future Conditions 4-6
E. Forest Standards and Guidelines 4-11
F. Management Prescriptions 4-27
Prescription I - Unroaded N on-motorized Recreation 4-29
Prescription II - Limited Roaded Motorized Recreation 4-31
Prescription III - Roaded Recreation 4-33
Prescription IV - Roaded, High Density Recreation 4-35
Prescription V - Wilderness Management 4-37
Prescription VI - Wildlife Habitat Management 4-40
Prescription VII - Threatened, Endangered, and Selected Sensitive
Species 4-42
Prescription VIII - Timber Management 4-45
Prescription IX - Riparian Management 4-46
Prescription X - Special Area Management 4-53
Prescription XI - Cultural Resource Management 4-55
Management Area (MA) Direction 4-57
#1 Porcupine Butte 4-61
#2 McCloud Flats 4-67
#3 Mt. Shasta 4-73
#4 Forest Wildernesses
Castle Crags 4-79
Chanchelulla 4-83
Mt. Shasta 4-87
Trinity Alps 4-91
Yolla Bolly - Middle Eel 4-97
#5 Parks-Eddy 4-101
#6 Upper Trinity 4-107
Forest Plan Chapter 4 Table of Contents (Continued)
Page
#7 Weaverville/Lewiston 4-113
#8 National Recreation Area 4-115
#9 Slate - Delta 4-129
#10 McCloud River 4-133
#11 Pit 4-139
#12 Nosoni 4-143
#13 Front 4-147
#14 New River/North Fork/Canyon Creek 4-151
#15 Trinity River 4-155
#16 Corral Bottom 4-159
#17 Hayfork Creek 4-163
#18 Hayfork 4-167
#19 Indian Valley/Rattlesnake 4-171
#20 South Fork Mountain 4-175
#21 Wildwood 4-181
#22 Beegum 4-187
CHAPTER 4 Management Direction
Introduction
A
The development of a Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (proposed Forest Plan) occurs within the framework of regional and national Forest Service planning. The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resour- ces Planning Act of 1974 (RPA) sets the national direction and output levels for 191 million acres of National Forest lands.
The nine Forest Service Regions, in turn, disaggregate their share of the national production levels to the Forests within that Region. This distribution is based on detailed, site-specific information gathered at the Forest level. Each Forest Plan then validates or provides a basis for changing the production levels assigned by the Region.
Management direction for the Shasta-Trinity National Forests includes three integrated levels: (1) Forest-wide Direction, (2) Management Prescription Direction, and (3) Management Area Direction. The concepts and tech- niques of Ecosystem Management have been woven into these three levels of management direction. The first level, Forest-wide Direction, applies to the entire 2.1 million-acre Forests and carries out the intent of various laws, regulations, and policies. Management Prescription Direction identifies the resource activities that will be emphasized on specific types of land. The third, and most specific level, is Management Area Direction. It provides supplemental direction not specified in Forest-wide or Management Prescription Direction. Management Area Direction is unique to selected areas of land.
Figure 4-1 displays the hierarchy of management direc- tion. This direction applies to National Forest lands and not to private land within or near the National Forests.
Forest-wide Direction
Forest-wide direction includes: (1) Forest goals, (2) Forest objectives, including Forest-wide prescription assign- ment by acres, outputs and activities, and (3) Forest Standards and Guidelines. Forest goals state the manage- ment philosophy of the Forest Plan. Forest-wide prescription assignments allocate acreages to Manage- ment Prescriptions. Outputs and activities quantify Forest-wide resource outputs and costs by decade. Forest Standards and Guidelines provide basic direction for implementation of management activities Forest-wide. Standards are not explicitly distinguished from guidelines; the language of each statement indicates the
degree, if any, of management discretion. They apply Forest-wide.
Management Prescription Direction
A Management Prescription assigns a management pur- pose to a particular kind of land (campgrounds, spotted owl habitat, etc). Prescriptions specify management practices and standards and guidelines that apply to identifiable areas in addition to Forest Standards and Guidelines.
Management Area Direction
Management Area Direction establishes additional sup- plemental direction for specific units of land (Manage- ment Areas). It applies in addition to Forest Standards and Guidelines and Management Prescriptions to ac- commodate the unique characteristics of each Manage- ment Area. For purposes of this Plan, the Shasta-Trinity National Forests have been divided into 22 Management Areas.
Site-Specific Projects
The management direction presented in this Forest Plan will be implemented through the development of site- specific projects, such as timber sales, recreation developments, and wildlife habitat improvement proposals. Key to this implementation process is the need for additional environmental analysis at the project level. This analysis is done under the umbrella of the Forest Plan and in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Site-specific projects would consider and disclose local issues, concerns, mitigation measures and effects not dealt with in this document. As further outlined under Forest Goals, much of this analysis would be conducted on a landscape level, and it would evaluate such consequences as cumulative effects, connectivity, and fragmentation. The analysis for site-specific projects would also include consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) where threatened or en- dangered species are involved.
Laws/Regulaiions/Pollcies
The Shasta-Trinity National Forests will continue to be guided by laws, regulations, policies, Forest Service Manual direction ana Handbook procedures. This Forest Plan supplements, but does not replace, the direction from these sources. The Plan generally does not restate
4 - 1
Chapter 4 - Management Direction
this direction, except where it is necessary for clarification of an issue.
Deviations from Management Direction
Deviations from Forest-wide Direction, Management Prescription Direction, and Management Area Direction may be appropriate occasionally due to site specific conditions or catastrophic events. However, there will be no deviation from direction based on laws or regulations. Any variances must be justified during project analysis and documented in the appropriate environmental docu-
ment. Recurrent deviations could result in Plan amend- ments or revisions as specified in Chapter I.
Chapter Contents
The purpose of this Chapter is to (1 ) discuss the resources that will be emphasized throughout the Shasta-Trinity National Forests; (2) establish goals and objectives for the goods and services that will be provided; and (3) prescribe direction for achieving specific goals and ob- jectives. This management direction provides the framework for project planning and implementation on the ground.
4-2
Chapter 4 - Management Direction
Figure 4-1
The Management Direction System
on the
Shasta-Trinity National Forests
National & Regional Management Direction:
1. Forest Service Manual (FSM) Direction
2. Minimum Management Requirements (MMRs)
3. Minimum Implementation Requirements (MIRs)
4. Timber Policy Requirements
5. Regional Vegetative Management Policy
Forest-Level Management Direction:
1. Forest Management Requirements
2. Associated Standards and Guidelines
Management Prescriptions:
1. Management Practices
2. Associated Standards and Guidelines
Management Areas:
1. One or More Management Prescriptions
2. Supplemental Management Direction
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Chapter 4 - Management Direction
Forest Goals
B
The overall management philosophy of the Shasta- Trinity National Forests is to realize integrated multiple resource land management in the context of Ecosystem Management. This goal is to be achieved through the implementation of an environmental agenda that has three major facets:
• Preservation -- the protection of unique landscapes and their wild and scenic characteristics for the indefinite future.
• Biodiversity -- on an ecosystem level, the main- tenance of a rich diversity of plants, fish, and
wildlife.
• Sustainable Development for People -- providing high quality recreational experiences, a long-term sustained yield of timber, forage and other resource products, and services consumed by society. This last facet would be compatible with the Preserva- tion and Biodiversity goals.
Specific resource goals, as shown below, describe the desired future condition of the Forests:
Air Quality
1. Maintain air quality to meet or exceed applicable standards and regulations.
Biological Diversity
2. Integrate multiple resource management on a landscape level to provide and maintain diversity and quality of habitats that support viable popula- tions of plants, fish, and wildlife.
Biomass
3. Encourage the commercial use of biomass that is excess to silvicultural, ecological, wildlife, and per- sonal needs, in lieu of burning the excess material. Reduce biomass to natural levels.
Chaparral
4. Manage the chaparral resource to enhance wildlife habitat, livestock forage, and watershed condition, and reduce wildfire hazard.
Cultural Resources
5. Preserve and interpret significant historic and prehis- toric sites for the benefit of Forest visitors.
6. Provide archaeological research opportunities for the professional community.
7. Develop partnerships with Native American tribes and organizations to enhance those cultural resour- ces that reflect their heritage.
Facilities
8. Manage the Forests' transportation system to facilitate resource management activities, protect wildlife, meet water quality objectives, and provide recreational access.
9. Provide and maintain those administrative facilities that effectively and safely serve the public and Forest Service work force.
Fire and Fuels
1 0. Return fire to its natural role in the ecosystem.
1 1. Achieve a balance of fire suppression capability and fuels management investments that is cost effective and able to meet resource objectives and protection responsibilities.
12. Develop fire management action plans for wilder- ness that consider the appropriateness of prescribed fire using planned or unplanned ignitions.
Fisheries
13. Emphasize sport fisheries as a major recreation ac- tivity by expanding recreational fisheries oppor- tunities.
1 4. Coordinate the management of fish habitats with the California Department of Fish and Game (DFC).
15. Emphasize the restoration of summer steelhead and spring-run chinook habitat in the South Fork Trinity River Basin.
1 6. Provide for the protection, maintenance, and im- provement of wild trout and salmon habitat in selected streams.
4-4
Chapter 4 - Management Direction
Lands
17. Plan for long-range land ownership adjustments which support resource objectives.
18. Complete property line and corner surveys adjacent to private lands.
19. Work towards eliminating occupancy trespass.
20. Provide for continued use and new development of hydroelectric facilities.
Law Enforcement
21. Establish priority in law enforcement activities as follows:
a. provide for employee and public safety;
b. protect resources and property;
c. provide for the accomplishment of management objectives; and
d. prevent violation of laws and associated loss and damage.
Minerals
22. Provide for and encourage the orderly development of minerals resources.
Range
23. Manage available and suitable range lands in response to demand and the needs of other resour- ces.
Recreation
24. Manage the Shasta-Trinity National Forests land base and resources to provide a variety of high quality outdoor recreation experiences. Increase emphasis on areas of national significance such as: Mt. Shasta, the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity Nation- al Recreation Area (NRA), and the Wild and Scenic Rivers System.
25. Encourage use of the Forests by the disadvantaged, physically challenged, and minorities.
Riparian Areas
26. Maintain or improve riparian habitat.
Social/Economic
27. Cooperate in the research and development of rural economic opportunities for alternative agricultural products consistent with existing law, financial realities, and known environmental constraints.
28. Work with rural communities to help diversify their economic base.
29. Emphasize the development of partnership programs through coordination with interested publ ics and agencies.
Soils
30. Maintain or improve soil productivity and prevent excessive surface erosion, mass wasting, and cumulative watershed impacts.
Special Areas
31. In response to research request, evaluate, and recommend the establishment of suitable candidate areas needed to complete a comprehensive Re- search Natural Area system.
32. Recommend the establishment of Special Interest Areas so that recognition can be given to unique features.
Threatened, Endangered, and Sensi- tive Species (Plants and Animals)
33. Monitor and protect habitat for Federally listed threatened and endangered (T&E) and candidate species. Assist in recovery efforts for T&E species. Cooperate with the State to meet objectives for State-listed species.
34. Manage habitat for sensitive plants and animals in a manner that will prevent any species from becoming a candidate for T&E status.
Timber
35. implement practices which are designed to maintain or improve the health and vigor of timber stands,
4-5
Chapter 4 - Management Direction
consistent with the ecosystem and needs of other resources.
36. Provide a sustained yield of timber and other wood products to help support the economic structure of local communities and to supply regional and na- tional needs.
37. Provide a sustained supply of firewood for personal use.
Visual Quality
38. Develop or expand opportunities for scenic drives and vista points.
39. Maintain a diversity of scenic quality throughout the Forests, particularly along major travel corridors, in popular dispersed recreation areas, and in highly developed areas.
Water
40. Maintain or improve water quality and quantity in order to meet fish habitat requirements and domes- tic use needs.
41 . Maintain water quality to meet or exceed applicable standards and regulations.
Wilderness
42. Manage Wildernesses to meet recreational, scenic, educational, conservation, and historic uses while preserving wilderness values.
43. Manage Wildernesses to disperse use and minimize resource impacts.
Wildlife
45. Coordinate wildlife management programs with other resource programs to meet habitat or popula- tion objectives established for management in- dicators.
46. Cooperate with Federal, State, and local agencies to maintain or improve wildlife habitat.
47. Emphasize habitat management for species depend- ent on snags, nest cavities, and dead and down wood.
48. Maintain natural wildlife species diversity by con- tinuing to provide special habitat elements within Forest ecosystems.
49. Take advantage of management opportunities to maintain and/or increase populations of game species including mule deer, black-tailed deer, elk, and turkey in balance with the ecosystem.
Forest Objectives
c
The following tables show the planned Forest land-use allocations, commodity outputs, resource management activities, and operating costs that will move the Forests toward accomplishing the Forest goals.
Table 4-1 shows the Forest-wide acres allocated to each management prescription. Table 4-2 lists the planned resource outputs and activities for decade one and potential resource outputs and activities for decades 2 through 5.
Desired Future Conditions
D
The Desired Future Condition (DFC) of the Forests is embodied in the previously listed Forest Coals and Ob- jectives. The DFC is further clarified by the Forest Stand- ards and Guidelines contained in the next section. In addition, a DFC is described for each Management Area. The Management Area write-ups appear at the end of this chapter.
44. Provide management direction to meet the Forests' share of habitat objectives in State deer herd plans.
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Chapter 4 - Management Direction
|
Table 4-1 Acreage Allocation by Management Prescription |
|||
|
Prescription |
Acreage |
Percent of Forest |
|
|
Unroaded Non-motorized Recreation |
65,048 |
>.03 |
|
|
u |
Limited Roaded Motorized Recreation |
62,926 |
.03 |
|
ill |
Roaded Recreation |
313,878 |
.15 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Recreation |
6,247 |
<.01 |
|
V |
Wilderness Management * |
498,776 |
<24 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
214,962 |
.10 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
536,069 |
.25 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management** |
366,572 |
.17 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management*** |
27,775 |
>01 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
25,724 |
.01 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
3,570 |
<.01 |
|
Total Acres |
2,121,547 |
100.0 |
* Acreage shown includes Wild and Scenic Rivers, Research Natural Areas, and cultural resource areas within wilderness.
** Acreage includes both suitable and unsuitable timber lands.
*** All riparian areas would be managed according to this prescription. Acreages are estimates and would be approximately the same in all alternatives. Acres do not include riparian area acreage in Prescriptions V and VII.
4-7
Chapter 4 - Management Direction
Table 4-2
Average Annual Outputs by Decade - Alternative PRF*
Base '90RPA
Year** Coals** DECADE
|
Resource Element |
1989 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Economics |
|||||||
|
Total Budget (MM$) |
40 |
- |
43,2 |
44*4 |
45*9 |
47.2 |
49.7 |
|
Total Cost (MM$) |
44 |
- |
56.8 |
58.1 |
53.6 |
60.9 |
63.3 |
|
Facilities |
|||||||
|
Transportation |
|||||||
|
Trail Construction/Reconstruction (miles) |
0/1 |
- |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
|
Road Construction (miles) |
63 |
- |
22 |
11 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
|
Road Reconstruction (miles) |
73 |
- |
22 |
22 |
20 |
20 |
21 |
|
Road Maintenance (miles) |
6,500 |
* |
6,570 |
6,680 |
6,780 |
6,830 |
6,880 |
|
Dams and Reservoirs (number) |
|||||||
|
Forest Service |
2 |
- / |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Other Federal |
3 |
- |
: 3 ' |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Other State/loca! |
1 |
- |
t |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Private |
10 |
- |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
|
Administrative Sites (number) |
|||||||
|
Forest Service Owned : . |
24 |
- |
26 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
|
Leased |
2 |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Fire and Fuels
|
Total Fuel Treatment (acres) |
6,300 |
- |
6,48© |
6,540 |
6,560 |
6,580 |
6,580 |
|
Fire- Related T reatment |
: 1,500 |
- |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
|
Timber-Related fuel Treatment |
4,500 |
*> |
4,400 |
4,400 |
4,400 |
4,400 |
4,400 |
|
Other Fuel Treatment (for wildlife) |
300 |
- |
380 |
440 |
460 |
480 |
480 |
|
Expected Acres Burned by Wildfire |
11,000 |
11,000 |
11,000 |
11,000 |
11,000 |
||
|
Intensity Class 1 |
32 |
- |
55 |
55 |
55 |
55 |
55 |
|
Intensity Class 2 |
48 |
- |
154 |
154 |
154 |
154 |
154 |
|
Intensity Class 3 |
774 |
- |
330 |
330 |
330 |
330 |
330 |
|
Intensity Class 4 |
850 |
* : |
451 |
451 |
451 |
451 |
451 |
|
Intensity Class 5 |
/ 3,345 |
llllll |
4,686 |
4,686 |
4,686 |
4,686 |
4,686 |
|
Intensity Class 6 |
1,350 |
- |
5,324 |
5,324 |
5,324 |
5,324 |
5,324 |
|
Fish |
|||||||
|
Inland Fish Other Than T&E |
|||||||
|
(M Pounds) |
1,424 |
1,794 |
1,817 |
1,817 |
1,817 |
1,817 |
1,817 |
|
Anadromous Fish |
|||||||
|
Commercial (M Pounds) |
363 |
457 |
691 |
691 |
691 |
691 |
691 |
|
Sport (M Pounds) |
113 |
142 |
353 |
353 |
353 |
353 |
353 |
* See the last page of this table for abbreviated terms and meanings.
* * A base year of 1 989 and the 1 990 RPA program were used as instructed by the Regional Cuide for the Pacific Southwest Region; revised 1990.
4-8
Chapter 4 - Management Direction
Table 4-2
Average Annual Outputs by Decade - Alternative PRF (continued)
Base '90 RPA
Year** Coals** DECADE
|
Resource Element |
1989 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
ill |
5 |
|
Fish (Continued) |
|||||||
|
Direct Habitat Improvement |
|||||||
|
Acres/Structures |
|||||||
|
Inland Fish |
15/25 |
- |
30/90 |
30/90 |
30/90 |
30/90 |
30/90 |
|
Anadromous Fish (Commercial) |
0/0 |
- |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
0/0 |
|
Anadromous Fish (Sport) |
5/50 |
- ; |
30/64 |
30/64 |
30/64 |
30/64 |
30/64 |
|
Thousand Fish User Days (MFUDs) |
|||||||
|
Inland Fish |
396 |
- |
410 |
410 |
410 |
410 |
410 |
|
Anadromous Fish (Sport) |
40 |
* |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
|
Human Resources |
|||||||
|
Programs (Enrol lees) |
50 |
- |
50 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
|
Lands and Minerals |
|||||||
|
Land Acquisition (Acres) |
6,996 |
* |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
|
Minerals (Operating Plans) |
122 |
146 |
125 |
137 |
151 |
166 |
183 |
|
Range |
|||||||
|
Crazing (M AMs) |
12 |
12 |
11.9 |
11.9 |
11.9 |
11.9 |
11.9 |
|
Recreation |
|||||||
|
Developed Public (MM RVDs) |
.71 |
0.75 |
0.86 |
0.97 |
1.09 |
1,2 |
|
|
Developed Private (MM RVDs) |
.49 |
0.51 |
0.59 |
0.68 |
0.75 |
0.83 |
|
|
Dispersed (MM RVDs) |
2.56 |
* |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
53 |
|
Wilderness (MM RVDs) |
.13 |
0.14 |
0.16 |
0.19 |
0.22 |
0.25 |
|
|
Open, Usable OHV Areas-Summer (Acres) |
239.2 |
- |
239175 |
239175 |
239175 |
239175 |
239175 |
|
Open, Usable OHV Areas- Winter (Acres) |
176.2 |
- :/ |
176200 |
176200 |
176200 |
176200 |
176200 |
|
Roads and Trails |
|||||||
|
Open Only to OHV Use-Summer (Miles) |
0 |
- : |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Open Only to OHV Use-Winter (Miles) |
:,v o |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Closed to OHV Use-Summer (Miles) |
810 |
- |
810 |
810 |
810 |
810 |
810 |
|
Closed to OHV Use-Winter (Miles) |
815 |
- |
815 |
815 |
815 |
815 |
815 |
|
Timber |
|||||||
|
Allowable Sale Quantity (MMCF) |
28 |
- |
13 |
13 |
13 |
13.7 |
14.4 |
|
Allowable Sale Quantity (MMBF) |
184 |
- |
87 |
87 |
87 |
91,3 |
95.9 |
|
Long Term Sustained Yield (MMCF) |
- |
- •; |
16.4 |
16.4 |
16.4 |
16.4 |
16.4 |
|
Long Term Sustained Yield (MMBF) |
- |
lllllllll |
109.6 |
109.6 |
109.6 |
109.6 |
109.6 |
|
Reforestation (Acres) |
9,400 |
8,084 |
4,600 |
4,600 |
4,600 |
4,600 |
4,600 |
|
Timber Stand Improvement (Acres) |
7,800 |
«»: |
6,600 |
6,600 |
6,600 |
6,600 |
6,600 |
4-9
Chapter 4 - Management Direction
Table 4-2
Average Annual Outputs by Decade - Alternative PRF (continued)
|
Base |
'90 RPA |
||||||
|
Year** |
Coals** |
DECADE |
|||||
|
Resource Element |
1989 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Timber (Continued) |
|||||||
|
Wood Products Other Than Sawtimber |
|||||||
|
Firewood (M Cords) |
21 |
- |
25 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
|
Visual Quality |
|||||||
|
Visual Quality Index |
1273 |
- |
1273 |
130.2 |
131.7 |
131,5 |
131,5 |
|
Water |
|||||||
|
Quality (M Acre feet at standard) |
5,448 |
5,438 |
5,436 |
5,436 |
5,433 |
5,437 |
|
|
Increased Quantity (M acre feet)*** |
5,450 |
- |
-12 |
-14 |
-14 |
-17 |
-13 |
|
Watershed Improvement (Acres) |
399 |
706 |
300 |
300 |
300 |
300 |
300 |
Wildlife
Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Species (TE&S)
|
Bald Eagle {# managed pairs) |
25 |
32 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
|
Goshawk (# pairs) |
150 |
150 |
150 |
150 |
150 |
150 |
|
Peregrine Falcon (# managed pairs) |
6 |
9 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
Spotted Owl (# pairs) |
97 |
170 |
180 |
190 |
200 |
210 |
|
Other Than TE&S |
||||||
|
Deer (M animals) |
62 |
- 62 |
62 |
62 |
62 |
62 |
|
Direct Habitat Improvement (MWUDs) r |
||||||
|
All Species 2 Acres/Structures of Direct Habitat Improvement |
44 |
51 |
59 |
69 |
61 |
|
|
All Species |
1360/35 |
5050/150 |
8550/180 |
8652/216 |
8652/260 |
8760/310 |
|
Wildlife User Days (M WUDs) |
||||||
|
Consumptive Species |
282 |
338 282 |
282 |
282 |
282 |
282 |
|
Non-Consumptive Species |
282 |
347 282 |
323 |
375 |
435 |
504 |
|
Total WUDs |
564 |
608 |
III!!;!!; 656 |
716 |
786 |
llllll 847 |
*** The value for Decades 1 -5 is the difference between the increased quantity, in Base Year 1 989, and the projected quality water yield by decade. This is not an indicator of decreased water quality, only of the net increase/decrease of water yield.
Abbreviated Terms and Meanings for this Table.
M = Thousand MM=Million MMBF= Million Board Feet MMCF = Million Cubic Feet
OH V = Off-Highway Vehicle AMs <= Animal Months
RVDs = Recreation Visitor Days
TE&S = Threatened,. Endangered & Sensitive
WUDs - Wildlife User Days
4 - 10
Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
Forest Standards and Guidelines
E
The following Forest Standards and Guidelines apply to the entire 2.1 million-acre Shasta-Trinity National Forests. They expand the Forest goals into general management direction for each resource.
The two levels of direction below Forest Standards and Guidelines, Management Prescriptions and Manage- ment Area Direction, are more specific but consistent with the Forest Standards and Guidelines.
Criteria that may trigger the need to modify the Standards and Guidelines includes:
(1) Loss of soil or vegetation resulting in reduced land productivity;
(2) Degradation of air or water quality;
(3) Adverse impacts on habitat for threatened, en- dangered, and sensitive species;
(4) Adverse impacts on recreational uses, visual quality, and cultural resources;
(5) Adverse impacts to others using the National Forests;
(6) New technological changes; and
(7) Changes in objectives for managing the National Forests.
1. Air Quality
a. Protect air quality while achieving land and resource management goals and objectives. Base line levels would be established, and available technology would be used to protect and monitor changes. Activities such as burning, which are under the Forests' control, would be coordinated with affected landowners and control agencies.
b. Identify, assess, and monitor significant air quality related values (AQRV) and sensitive indicators of those values in the Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness in cooperation with the Mendocino National Forest.
c. Establish and maintain close coordination with Federal, State, and local officials in the research and application of new air quality standards particularly in relation to smoke and dust management.
d. Incorporate smoke management controls into the development of prescribed bum plans and coor- dinate with local authorities.
2. Biological Diversity
a. To assure distribution across the Forest landscape, manage components of diversity in accordance with the diversity flow chart in Appendix G of the Draft EIS (Figure G-2). Measure hardwoods and vegetative type/seral stage components of diversity on a Management Area basis. Measure snags and dead/aown material on an integrated project plan- ning area basis.
b. Reduce existing deficits of diversity components by 20 percent per decade. If a Management Area or project planning area is below acceptable levels, manage the area so that no further reduction would occur.
c. Analyze and develop a forest landscape dispersal pattern consistent with the 50-11-40 rule (as described in the Interagency Scientific Committee [ISC] Report). Where possible, use the 50-11-40 rule to help meet diversity objectives in areas around natural openings, springs, seeps, lakes, reservoirs, and along streams.
Natural Openings
d. Except for McCloud Flats, maintain natural openings equal to or greater than one acre in size to benefit wildlife. The need to modify management activities in areas adjacent to these natural openings would be determined at the project level.
e. Natural openings less than one acre would be evaluated on a site-by-site basis to determine management emphasis.
Cliffs, Caves, Taluses, Rock Outcrops
f. Manage these unique habitats on a site-by-site basis to protect their existing micro environments and the viability of dependent animal and plant species. Manage nearby water sources to perpetuate natural cave processes.
Snags
g. Maintain snag densities according to management prescription standards. Manage primarily for groups of snags. However, no more than eight snags per acre can be counted towards the density requirements in order to maintain adequate distribution throughout the project planning area. At least 50 percent of these snags should be hard snags. Snags which do not constitute a safety or fire hazard would be left standing if they are needed to meet snag require- ments. Snags which exhibit active wildlife use would be favored for retention.
4 - 11
Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
h. Over time, provide the necessary number of replace- ment snags to meet density requirements. Live, green culls and trees exhibiting decadence and/or active wildlife use are preferred.
Dead/Down Material
i. Maintain unburned dead/down material in the quan- tity prescribed for each management prescription. Use the current U S DA Technicaf Report, Photo Series for Quantifying Forest Residues, for specific vegeta- tion types to help determine when the standard has been met. During project planning, identify areas where small slash accumulations (about two per acre) can be left for wildlife needs.
Serai Stages
j. Provide for and maintain at least five percent of each timber type/seral stage combination shown in Table 4-3. When determining timber type/seral stage con- ditions for project planning, follow the diversity flow chart in Appendix C of the Draft EIS. The entire area in each timber type should be used for this calcula- tion. Both suitable and unsuitable timber lands should be used to meet these serai stage requirements. Determine specific arrangements (size, distribution, and location) of serai stages for each Management Area in order to meet species viability criteria as shown in Wildlife Habitat Relationship (WHR) models.
Hardwoods
k. Apply the following standards in existing hardwood types:
(1) Retain at least 90 percent of the existing basal area per acre unless the stand is being regenerated for wildlife purposes; and
(2) Conversion to conifers may only take place in order to meet wildlife objectives.
l. Where hardwoods occur naturally within existing conifer types on suitable timber lands, manage to provide the amount of hardwoods required in management prescription standards.
Retain groups of hardwoods over single trees.
Corridors
m. Provide connecting travel corridors for wildlife species, particularly late serai stage dependent species, by using riparian management zones, the
50-11-40 rule, and management prescriptions with limited or no timber harvest.
3. Biomass
a. Incorporate biomass opportunities into site-specific projects that would meet user needs and other resource requirements, such as dead/down material for wildlife and ground cover for soil protection, and to reduce fuel loading to complement the natural fire regime.
b. Remove only biomass material that is in excess of that required to meet the standards for soil quality and wildlife diversity, and natural fire regimes.
4. Botany (Plants)
Sensitive and Endemic Plants
a. Map, record, and protect essential habitat for known and newly discovered sensitive and endemic plant species until conservation strategies are developed.
b. Analyze the potential effects of all ground-disturbing projects on sensitive and endemic plants and their habitat. Mitigate project effects to avoid a decline in species viability at the Forest level.
c. Monitor the effects of management activities on sen- sitive and endemic plants. If monitoring results show a decline in species viability, alter management strategy.
d. Provide reports of sensitive plant populations to the California Natural Diversity Database (Dept, of Fish and Game [DFG]) annually.
e. Coordinate sensitive plant inventory and protection efforts with the DFG, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- vice, The Nature Conservancy, the California Native Plant Society, and other concerned agencies, or- ganizations, and adjacent landowners.
f. Develop at least one conservation strategy per year.
g. Review the Forests' sensitive species list periodically. Recommend appropriate changes to the Regional Forester.
h. Protect type localities of sensitive and endemic plants for their scientific value.
4 - 12
Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
|
Table 4-3 Timber Type/Serai Stage Requirements |
||||
|
Minimum Desired Occur/ Percent |
WHR* Serai Stages |
Canopy Closure**/ Total Percent |
dbh*** (inches) |
Serai Stage Description |
|
5 |
1 |
<10 |
N/A |
Grass/forb stage consisting of annual and perennial grasses and forbs, with or without scattered shrubs and seedlings. |
|
5 |
2 |
<10 |
N/A |
Shrub/seedling/sapling stage consisting of mixed or pure stands up to 20 feet in height. |
|
5 |
3a |
10-39 |
5-21 |
Pole/medium tree stage including larger trees in the size range 20 to 50 feet in height. |
|
5 |
3b |
40-69 |
5-21 |
Pole/medium tree stage including larger trees in the size range |
|
3c |
>_ 70 |
5-21 |
20 to 50 feet in height. |
|
|
5 |
4a |
10-39 |
21 + |
Large tree stage corresponding roughly to a mature and over- mature classification. Trees generally exceed 50 feet in height except perhaps some of the oak types at lower elevations. The average age of the stands is generally over 1 10 years. |
|
5 |
4b |
40-69 |
21 + |
Large tree stage corresponding roughly to a mature and over- |
|
4c |
>. 70 |
21 + |
mature classification. Trees generally exceed 50 feet in height except perhaps some of the oak types at lower elevations. The average age of the stands is generally over 110 years. |
|
|
5 |
4c-otder |
WO |
21 + |
Multi-layered large tree stage with obvious signs of decadence (older^ over-mature habitat). At least 2.5 snags per acre and 20 tons of dead/down material should be present. Stands should contain at least 3 trees (alive or dead) per acre over 36 inches dbh. Dominant trees are over 1 80 years of age. |
* Wildlife Habitat Relationship (WHR)
** All canopy layers above 10 feet in height (includes conifer and deciduous species) may be used in determining the total canopy closure. The overstory layer should make up at least 40 percent of the total canopy closure in 4b and 4c stands.
*** Diameter-at-breast height (dbh)
4 - 13
Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
5. Chaparral
a. Coordinate the planning of chaparral treatment projects with adjacent private landowners and ap- propriate State and Federal agencies. Optimize multi- resource and multi-agency/owner benefits.
b. Manage selected chaparral lands to create a natural mosaic of vegetative conditions and/or age classes.
c. Assess brushfields for multi-resource management opportunities, and develop project plans for treat- ment. Selection of specific areas and the treatment methods used would be guided by the following criteria:
(1) The effectiveness of producing multi-resource benefits through modification of the specific vegetation associations;
(2) The cost effectiveness of the project;
(3) The degree of fire protection provided by conver- sion; and
(4) The risk to watersheds.
6. Cultural Resources
a. Manage cultural resources, including "Archaeological Interest" - 36 CFR 296, not covered by Forest Stand- ards and Guidelines or Prescription XI, according to the Shasta-Trinity National Forests' Manual Supple- ment to Forest Service Manual (FSM) 2361.
b. Cultural resources inventory procedures would comply with the Supplement to FSM 2361. As dis- cussed in the supplement, the intensity of the inven- tory would be a function of how sensitive the project area is for cultural resources, as well as the extent and kind of project activites. For instance, an area that is known or thought to have many prehistoric ar- chaeological sites, and which would be logged with tractors, would then be inventoried completely with tightly spaced transects. On the other hand, a project involving little or no ground disturbance, located in a area where adjacent parcels have been surveyed without positive findings, might be surveyed only cursorily.
c. Evaluate significant cultural resources that might be affected by project activities for eligibility to the Na- tional Register of Historic Places (NRHP). This would be done in consultation with the State Historic Preser- vation Office.
d. Identify sites that would require protection (e.g., by signing and/or flagging) prior to implementation of management activities adjacent to the site.
e. Identify cultural resources in areas of recreation use (e.g., signed) only if visitor use is impairing the site's values or if the site is to be interpreted.
f. Historic sites, unless assigned to Prescription XI, would not be enhanced or interpreted. They would be managed so that the site is not adversely affected and no hazard is caused to the public. Modifications to historic structures must be compatible with stand- ards and guidelines issued by the Department of the Interior and the Advisory Council on Historic Preser- vation (ACHP).
g. Mitigate adverse effects to cultural resources that are eligible for the NRHP, according to direction issued by the Department of the Interior and the ACHP.
h. Provide for Native American needs for collection and/or use of traditional resources.
i. Protect traditional Native American rights and prac- tices (cf. P.L. 95-341) to ensure that access to sacred sites would continue and use would not be impaired.
7. Facilities
a. Perform road maintenance activities to meet a variety of management objectives. Not all roads would be maintained every year due to unforseeable variations in weather, use, and other factors. Schedule road maintenance activities according to the following priorities: (1) to protect natural resources; (2) to pro- vide for user safety; (3) to meet contractual and legal obligations; and (4) to provide an efficient transpor- tation system.
b. Assign every road or road segment a specific main- tenance level (see Appendix K) each fiscal year based on traffic management and use objectives. Maintain all Forest roads to at least Maintenance Level 1.
c. Construct or reconstruct roads so that a stable road prism is established. This includes road cuts and fills and the road surface. Minimize sedimentation by employing construction practices such as: (1) placing surfacing on the roadway; (2) establishing a vegeta- tive cover on slopes; and (3) installing proper drainage structures.
d. Use a full range of vegetative management techni- ques along roads, trails, and transmission corridors with emphasis on nonchemical means.
4 - 14
Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
e. Closures of roads and/or selected areas, to assist in the management of the Forests' resources, may be made for the following purposes:
• To protect the road surface during the wet season so that maintenance and erosion are reduced;
• To protect wildlife and/or help meet wildlife management objectives;
• For safety, fire, and general administrative pur- poses; and
• For special closures per Code of Federal Regula- tions (CFR).
Make road closures according to pertinent regula- tions (i.e., 36 CFR 212.7 through 212.12 and 36 CFR 261.53 and 261.54.) In addition, adhere to 36 CFR 261.50 and 36 CFR 261.51, covering closure orders and the posting of those orders.
f. A public information/education program would accompany any new road closure program. Closure areas would be signed for the seasons and periods of closure. The reason for closure, the regulations providing for closure, and the responsible agencies would also be indicated.
g. Retain roads on the Forest transportation system which would be needed for future activities (beyond one season) such as: timber management, fire protec- tion, recreation management, mining, wildlife, and range. Analyze uninventoried roads to determine whether they should be added to the transportation system or obliterated as time and funding allow.
h. Coordinate road improvement and maintenance projects with other Forests, State and local agencies, and cooperators, as needed.
i. Upgrade the surfacing on the Forests' arterial road system.
j. Trails would be maintained as needed for specific management objectives. Erosion control and primary access would receive first priority.
k. T rails which go through areas that would be disturbed by management activities may be temporarily rerouted and then restored as part of the activity cleanup.
l. Trails and trail bridges would be located, designed, constructed, and maintained so that they are suitable for the type of travel being served.
m. Consider volcanic, seismic, flood, and slope stability hazards in the location and design of administrative and recreation facilities.
n. Manage, construct, and maintain buildings and ad- ministrative sites to meet applicable codes and to provide the necessary facilities for economical resource management.
o. Inspect dams and bridges at prescribed intervals and provide the maintenance necessary to keep them safe.
p. Monitor potable water sources and designated swim- ming areas according to the Safe Drinking Water Act and other regulatory health requirements.
8. Fire and Fuels
a. Wildland fires would receive an appropriate suppres- sion response which may range from confinement to control. Unless a different suppression response is authorized in this Plan, or subsequent approved Plans, all suppression responses would have an ob- jective of "control."
b. All wildland fires, on or threatening private land protected by agreement with the State of California, would receive a "control" suppression response.
c. Activity fuels that remain after meeting wildlife, riparian, soil, and other environmental needs would be considered surplus and a potential fire hazard. The amount and method of disposal would be determined in the project environmental analysis and would be consistent with Regional fuels management guidelines.
To assist in determining the future fuels profile, USDA Technical Reports, Photo Series for Quantifying Forest Residues, would be used to visualize desired conditions. These photo series are: PNW-51, PNW- 52, and PN W-95. They can be modified by 1 0 percent in any fuel size class and no more than 10 percent of the total.
d. Plan and implement fuel treatments emphasizing biomass utilization, firewood availability, wildlife re- quirements, air, soil and water quality maintenance, and reforestation needs.
e. Natural fuels would be treated in the following order of priority: (1 ) public safety; (2) high investment situa- tions (structural improvements, powerlines, planta- tions, etc.); (3) known high fire occurrence areas; and (4) coordinated resource benefits, i.e., ecosystem maintenance for natural fire regimes.
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
f. Consider fuelbreak construction investments when the following situations exist: (1) very high and exten- sive resource values are at risk; (2) they can be located near roads; and (3) if maintenance can be ac- complished with little or no special funding.
g. Design fire prevention efforts to minimize human- caused wildfires commensurate with the resource values-at-risk.
9. Fisheries
a. Develop an instream flow assessment program to determine fish needs and to protect the integrity of fish habitat in selected streams.
b. Coordinate instream flow needs with the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG), Counties, and other local agencies to benefit fish habitat. Specific projects may entail hydroelectric facilities, water diversions, and water impoundments.
c. Improve the anadromous fishery within the South Fork Trinity River and its tributaries. This can be done by evaluating and implementing opportunities for stream habitat improvement, watershed restoration, and biological (stock) enhancement. These projects would be done in conjunction with the Trinity River Basin Fish and Wildlife Management Program.
d. Coordinate rehabilitation and enhancement projects with cooperating agencies involved in the Model Steelhead Stream Demonstration Project Plan and the Trinity River Basin Fish and Wildlife Management Program.
Additional Forest Standards and Guidelines affecting fisheries are contained in the Range and Soils and Water sections in this chapter.
1 0. Forest Pests
a. When planning management activities and projects, consider the possible effects that Forest pests may have on management objectives.
b. Implement an integrated pest management (IPM) program to maintain or reduce forest pest impacts to acceptable levels and to maintain or enhance forest health and vigor.
c. Continue to protect selected sugar pine trees and collect cones for screening for resistance to blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Implement the Forests' sugar pine management plan.
d. In stands managed for timber production, maintain stocking levels which would reduce susceptibility to bark beetle attack.
e. Take measures that limit the spread of Port-Orford- cedar root disease.
f. Evaluate the need for conducting animal damage management activities on a site-by-site basis. Such evaluations and activities would be conducted in accordance with the latest Forest Service manual direction. These activities are subject to the NEPA process.
g. Residual overstory trees infected by dwarf mistletoe should not be left. However, if this is necessary, favor non-host species in the understory or for regenera- tion.
h. Do not regenerate a dwarf mistletoe infested stand with a shelterwood or seed tree system using natural regeneration, unless the infected seed or shelter trees are to be removed or killed within 1 0 years of the seed step harvest.
i. During thinning operations, discriminate against trees infected by dwarf mistletoe. When much of the stand is infected, select leave trees that have the lowest mistletoe ratings. Do not leave trees with ratings of 5 or 6 unless they are needed to fulfill management objectives.
j. When regenerating wildfire areas, non-host species should be planted if dwarf mistletoe infected over- story trees are retained. Overstory trees should be removed or killed within 10 years of planting.
119 Geology (see Soils and Wafer Section) 12* Lands Special Uses
a. Do not approve special use applications if such use can reasonably be accommodated on private land.
b. Bury new telephone lines and new or reconstructed power lines less than 35 KV, unless: (1 ) Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) can be met without burying; (2) geologic conditions make burying infeasible; and (3) burying would produce greater long-term site disturbance.
c. When evaluating special use applications for a facility serving a proposed interior subdivision:
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(1) Consider impacts generated by the lone-term needs of the private development, including utilities, fire stations, solid waste disposal sites, etc;
(2) Confine facilities to private land if they are essen- tial to the development; and
(3) Allow only one access route per subdivision or private parcel, unless public safety warrants al- ternative escape routes (i.e., fire or other natural disaster).
Rights-of-Way Acquisition
d. Acquire rights-of-way needed to manage Forest resources efficiently.
(1) When analyzing a proposed right-of-way, evaluate the need for full public access versus limited use (administrative and commercial haul- ing only); consider:
(a) Proportion of public ownership;
(b) Road maintenance responsibilities;
(c) Alternate public access; and
(d) Resource management closures.
(2) Participate in cost-sharing agreements with ad- jacent landowners, where appropriate.
Withdrawals
e. Pursue land withdrawals or rights-of-way reservations when needed.
Confine withdrawal applications to lands vulnerable to mineral or hydropower development that are oc- cupied by permanent improvements or other values that may be threatened.
Land Ownership Adjustment
f. Implement the landownership adjustment program through all available procedures such as exchange, donation, and purchase while maintaining resource balance. Condemnation procedures would be limited to extreme needs, such as campground expansion. The following landownership adjustment direction shall be applied for each of the described situations:
(1) Wildernesses, Research Natural Areas, National Wild and Scenic Rivers, Special Management Areas, and National Recreation Trails. Retain Na- tional Forest Sands and acquire available, un-
Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
developed private lands within these designated areas;
(2) Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA). Within and adjacent to the NRA acquire available, undeveloped private lands needed to fulfill the management goals and ob- jectives of the recreation resource program. Ac- quire those parcels of land which are specifically needed: (a) for public development; (b) to protect major visual resource values; (c) to protect prime wildlife habitat; and (d) to preserve important cultural values and make them available for public enjoyment. As an interim measure, county zoning ordinances would be used to assist in achieving the above goals and objectives.
(3) General Wildland Areas (with small, private ownerships). Retain National Forest land and ac- quire those non-National Forest lands which would: (a) promote special resource manage- ment goals; (b) prevent incompatible land use; and (c) contribute to the consolidation of land- ownership.
(4) General Wildland Areas (with large, private ownerships - "checkerboard" pattern). Obtain gradual improvement of ownership patterns on a case-by-case basis.
(5) Expanding Permanent Communities. Make Na- tional Forest land available for community expan- sion when there is clear evidence that the land is needed and suited for that use and not in conflict with higher public or environmental purpose. Secondly, retain and/or obtain land needed to preserve or improve environmental conditions to the extent that National Forest programs can contribute.
(6) Areas of scattered National Forest ownership. Dispose of National Forest Sands that are not needed for achieving resource objectives. Adjust administrative boundaries to locations backed by consolidated National Forest land.
(7) Recreation Composites. Seek a landownership pattern that adequately provides for public needs.
g. Strive for resource balance when negotiating and designing land exchange projects.
h. As part of the land exchange process, assess Federal lands for all resource needs (wildlife habitat, etc).
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
Transportation and Utility Corridors
i. Avoid proliferation of separate utility rights-of-way.
(1) Establish transportation and utility corridors as needed to accommodate existing and planned facilities. Future rights-of-way would be confined to existing corridors unless there are overriding economic or environmental concerns.
(2) Major power transmission lines, from the north and south, would be confined to an eastern corridor within or in the dose proximity to exist- ing intertie Sines.
Occupancy Trespass
j. Resolve unauthorized occupancies on National Forest lands.
Hydroelectric Power Projects
k. During licensing procedures, require licensees to develop, operate, maintain, or replace recreational facilities, the need for these actions would be generated by the project in proportion to its size.
l. Request that essential studies, agreements, and per- mits be completed and signed prior to license is- suance by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
m. Complete and approve essential studies and agree- ments prior to Forest Service permit issuance.
n. Mitigation for loss of public resources, resulting from hydroelectric project development, would be borne by the licensee. Included, as applicable, would be compensation for lost riparian areas, wildlife habitat, timber, commercial forest lands, cultural resources, fishery values, and recreational experiences.
o. Bury penstocks and power lines, where feasible and desirable, for resource mitigation. This mitigation would be determined by an environmental analysis.
p. Insure that Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) and/or Environmental Assessments (EAs) for hydroelectric projects evaluate and propose mitiga- tion measures for secondary, and/or side effects of projects, such as crew housing, recreational needs, and Saw enforcement problems.
q. During the project planning phase, consider the need for construction of trails, roads, and/or recreational facilities. The intent is to maintain or enhance current
use and mitigate adverse impacts during construc- tion.
r. Licensee would adopt the Forests' design motif and standard details to coordinate recreational/visual standards.
s. Transmission lines, switchyards, and access roads are direct impacts of a project; they would be evaluated with the other project facilities and documented in an EA or EIS.
t. For an EA, cumulative watershed effects for more than one project are to be addressed in the drainage in which they occur. These cumulative effects start from the last point on the stream where impacts may cease or are not evident, and include the entire major drainage above it.
u. Enter into a collection agreement to cover U.S. Forest Service costs in relation to planning, development, implementation, and administration of the project.
v. Coordinate with the DFG the establishment of in- stream flow needs to benefit fish habitat, especially with respect to hydroelectric projects, water diver- sions, and water impoundments.
w. Use landslide hazard information, in addition to that obtained during necessary on-site geologic investiga- tions, in the design and location of any facility or structure.
MuSti-User Electronic Sites
x. The following have been designated as multi-user electronic sites for the Shasta-Trinity National Forests' electronics site network:
(1) Plummer Peak
(2) Pickett Peak
(3) Hayfork Bally
(4) Ironsides
(5) Gray Butte
(6) Jack Flat
(7) Park Mountain
(8) Mt. Bradley
(9) Sugarloaf Mountain
(10) Bass Mountain
(11) Pettijohn Mountain
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
These sites should be developed to capacity prior to establishing new ones.
y. The following are designated as electronic sites for potential expansion of the electronic site network. If developed, they are to be designed as multi-user sites:
(1) Dubakella Mountain
(2) McFarlane Ridge
(3) Knob Peak
(4) Black Fox
(5) Bear Mountain
(6) Grizzly Peak
(7) Tomhead Mountain
Land Lines
z. Survey, mark, and post all property boundary lines and corners to Forest Service standards prior to management activities taking place adjacent to them.
13. Law Enforcement
Protect the public interest by a thorough investigation of actual or potential tort claims.
14. Minerals
a. In actively producing sites or areas containing known mineral reserves, undertake only those Forest ac- tivities that are compatible with mineral activity. Ex- ceptions would be made in cases of unique resource values.
b. Avoid or minimize capital investments in or adjacent to areas with known reserves and outstanding mineral rights.
c. Minimize adverse impacts of mineral-related ac- tivities on surface resources through required lease stipulations and the administration of plans of opera- tions.
d. In plans of operations, require reclamation of lands disturbed by mining.
e. Recommend denial of mineral lease applications in areas where the Forest Service or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have concluded that the operation would jeopardize the survival or recovery of a Federally-listed threatened or endangered species or cause a species to become a candidate for listing.
f. Process geothermal lease applications within one year from the date of receipt. Submit site specific lease recommendations to the Regional Forester based on the approved Environmental Assessment for Geothermal Leasing (December, 1981) or other approved environmental assessments.
g. Maintain an inventory of common variety mineral materials sites, specifying which are available for public use and which are available for Forest Service use.
h. Prepare a site development and rehabilitation plan before development and use of a common variety mineral materials site.
i. In areas withdrawn from mineral entry, a Forest Ser- vice mineral examiner would verify any claimed, valid existing rights prior to authorization of surface-dis- turbing mineral activities or surface-disturbing access development.
j. Restrict access and development in legally designated areas (areas withdrawn from mineral entry where valid existing rights may be exercised).
15. Range
a. Maintain domestic livestock grazing at levels com- patible with other resource needs. Develop proper forage utilization standards during Allotment Management Plan revision using procedures con- tained in FSH 2209.21.
b. Develop water sources to meet domestic livestock needs provided they do not conflict with human consumption needs and/or vested water rights.
c. Management of the forage resource for big game would take preference over livestock use on desig- nated elk and deer winter range.
d. Coordinate proposed vegetative management prac- tices within range allotments with the affected per- mittee.
e. Design and construct range fencing to allow for safe passage of big game (deer, elk, antelope, etc.). Con- sider big game use and movement patterns to minimize impacts on water, food, cover, seasonal ranges, meadows, and openings.
f. Manage grazing use so that riparian habitats are maintained or improved. (Refer to Prescription IX, Riparian Management.)
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
g. Revise allotment management plans for active range allotments with the objective of minimizing other resource conflicts and improving forage production. (See Appendix A for schedule). These plans would specificially address stem f, above.
h. Range land in an unsatisfactory or fair condition would be treated through continued development of improved allotment management, including use of structural and nonstructuraS range improvements and stocking rate adjustments.
16. Recreation
a. Manage developed recreation sites according to the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) classes listed in Appendix F.
b. Projects planned within the foreground areas ad- jacent to the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), trailheads, camps, or other PCT related developments would incorporate the following requirements:
(1) Schedule activities which are visually evident to the PCT user to correspond with periods of low use.
(2) Provide a safe, usable, and convenient passage through the project area or a reasonable detour during the entire period of project activities. As a minimum, detours would consist of temporary route markers and a four foot wide travel way cleared of vegetation. Tread work would only be performed to allow safe stock passage.
(3) Permit landform alterations such as temporary roads, log landings, skid trails, borrow areas, etc., only when their location is not practical outside the foreground areas. Restore all landform modifications to approximate the original con- tour. Seed all exposed soil prior to winter in the year of last use. Landform modifications should be subordinate to the natural surroundings within one year after completion.
(4) Permanent roads that cross the PCT should be located where excavations can be minimized.
(5) Locate crossings of roads and utility lines as per- pendicular to the PCT as practical.
(6) Repair to original condition or replace all facilities damaged during project activities with new facilities equivalent in size and quality to those originally provided.
(7) Plant trees on sites to be regenerated within two years after removal.
c. Provide barrier free recreation facilities that are acces- sible to physically challenged individuals. Emphasize these facilities at urban interface and other developed recreation locations.
d. Prepare objectives and prescriptions for managing vegetation in and around developed recreation sites.
e. Manage off-highway vehicle (OHV) use according to direction specified in the OHV Management Plan. Allow mountain bike (non-motorized) use on most trails. Exceptions where use is prohibited include the PCT and trails within designated Wildernesses.
f. Cooperate with the State, other agencies, and user groups to identify potential OHV trails. Where com- patible with management objectives, develop seg- ments of OHV trails that support the concept of a statewide OHV trail system.
g. Provide interpretive services to direct visitors to their recreation destinations, to facilitate understanding of resource management activities, and to acquaint them with unique or special features on the Forests and the function of forest ecosystems.
h. Management direction for the Whiskeytown-Shasta- Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA) would be based on and responsive to the following (as written in Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, Section
251.40[a]):
(1) Provide public outdoor recreation opportunities;
(2) Conserve scenic, scientific, historic, and other values that contribute to public enjoyment; and
(3) Manage, use, and dispose of renewable natural resources which would promote, but do not sig- nificantly impair, public recreation or conserva- tion of scenic, scientific, historic, or other values contributing to public enjoyment.
i. Make no new allocations for recreation residential purposes. (This does not apply to sites provided for in lieu of existing sites).
j. Complete a recreation opportunity guide for each Ranger District. Highlight special places, theme areas, and unique recreation opportunities.
k. Create additional opportunities for winter recreation, including alpine skiing, cross-country ski areas, snow- mobile areas, and snow play areas.
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
l. Continue to improve access to rivers, streams, and lakes for water-oriented recreation activities. Continue to provide access to hunting, fishing, and wildlife viewing areas.
m. Facilitate urban use of lands adjacent to National Forest lands with pocket parks, group sites, and environmental education study areas. Develop or expand city-to- Forest and other day use trail oppor- tunities.
n. Mitigate the physical impacts of increased, dispersed recreation use. Rehabilitation efforts should respond to resource damage to soils, water, and vegetation.
o. Evaluate public demand for outfitter/guide services. Encourage commercial outfitting and guide permits where there is a demonstrated need that is com- patible with general public use and resource condi- tions.
p. Develop and administer an operating plan consistent with Management Area direction for each outfit- ter/guide and, when appropriate, for other recreation special use permittees.
q. Promote partnerships with user groups to assist in the operation, maintenance, and development of recrea- tion sites and facilities.
r. Reduce campsite maintenance expenses for garbage collection by promoting a "pack it in, pack it out" policy.
s. Encourage the private sector to help provide needed recreation sites, facilities, and services with emphasis on level 5 type of facilities.
t. Provide environmental education services through school programs and talks to special interest groups.
18. Soils and Water
a. Analyze each land disturbing project for its effect on the appropriate 2nd or 3rd order watershed (average size about 1,000 acres), in order to prevent excessive cumulative impacts on stream channel condition and water quality.
( 1 ) Determine the sensitivity of each 2nd or 3rd order watershed using soil, geologic and streamflow characteristics.
(2) The threshold of concern (TOC) for a watershed is expressed as the percentage of disturbed or compacted soil area within a total watershed. The Equivalent Roaded Acres (ERA) threshold equals 18 percent in low sensitivity watersheds, 1 6 percent in moderate sensitivity watersheds, 1 4 percent in high sensitivity watersheds, and 12 percent in extremely sensitive watersheds. The extremely sensitive watersheds are Hyampom, Happy Camp Creek, and Hidden Valley.
(3) Projects on National Forest lands should not increase the ERA above the proportional share (depending on land ownership) of the TOC un- less, as part of the project, existing ERAs would be reduced or the ERA recovery factor would be improved. Watersheds that are over TOC, regardless of ownership, would not be further impacted unless they can be improved with ap- propriate mitigation measures.
(4) Coordinate projects with adjoining landowners.
b. Management activities within 5th order watersheds, which are in condition class 3, would emphasize watershed improvement and overall reduction in ERA levels. These watersheds are identified in Chapter ill of the Draft EIS.
u. Provide Interpretive Association sales outlets for in- terpretive and recreation information at the Forest Supervisor's Office and at Mt. Shasta, Shasta Lake, and Weaverville District offices.
1 7. Riparian Areas
a. Project plans would identify riparian areas and riparian management zones which would be managed according to Riparian Management Prescription IX.
b. Maintain riparian area values, particularly when locating and constructing new roads and trails.
c. Identify and treat riparian areas that are in a degraded condition.
c. Implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) for protection or improvement of water quality, as described in "Water Quality Management for Nation- al Forest System Lands in California," for applicable management activities. Determine specific practices or techniques during project level planning using information obtained from on-site soil, water, and geology investigations. (In addition, see Appendix E.)
d. Implement Forest Soil Quality Standards (Appendix O) and the Forest supplement of the Regional BMPs for areas identified as having highly erodible soils. Specifically, apply the special practices dealing with timber harvest, site preparation, and road construc- tion in highly erodible soils.
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
e. Forest Soil Quality Standards, in relation to ground cover, soil organic matter, and soil porosity would be used to protect soil productivity (Appendix O).
f. Identify and treat areas with a degraded watershed condition in a cost-effective manner and according to beneficial use priorities. High priority items include domestic use, anadromous fish habitat, and sensitive species habitat. Improvement activities would be designed to meet Management Area objectives.
g. Secure water rights for existing and foreseeable future National Forest consumptive uses.
h. Give full recognition to the tendency for erosion, mass land movement, and severe watershed damage potential when implementing timber harvest and re- lated land management activities.
i. Assess the potential impacts of timber harvest, road construction, and related activities on slope stability and watershed condition for areas identified as being moderately or highly unstable.
j. Dedicate no more than 15 percent of the land har- vested by even-aged systems and no more than 20 percent of the land harvested by uneven-aged sys- tems to non-productive purposes such as roads, trails, landings, etc.
k. When watering roads for dust abatement, adhere to the following rules:
(1) Allow drafting from fishery streams only where immediate downstream discharge is maintained at 1 .5 cubic feet per second (CFS) or greater.
(2) Allow drafting from ephemeral streams, intermit- tent streams, wetlands or constructed ponds provided that sufficient water quantity and quality remains to support associated wildlife species and riparian values.
(3) In no case allow drafting to remove more than 50 percent of any stream discharge or 75 percent of constructed pond water.
l. Continue Ecological Unit Inventories primarily in those areas that are suitable for timber management.
19. Special Areas Research Natural Areas (RNA)
a. Coordinate and consult with the Regional Research Natural Area Committee to set priorities for
identification and establishment of RNAs. During this Plan period, identify and propose suitable areas on the Forests for the target elements needed to com- plete the comprehensive regional RNA system.
b. Maintain RNA candidates in their current condition until the Chief of the Forest Service decides on their establishment.
c. Manage RNAs to maintain unmodified conditions and natural processes as set forth in Forest Service Manual (FSM) 4063.3.
d. Develop and implement a management plan, through an interdisciplinary process, for each estab- lished RNA.
Special Interest Areas (SIA)
e. Maintain SIA candidates in their current condition until the Regional Forester decides on their estab- lishment.
f. Develop and interpret SIA in a way that protects their special values as set forth in FSM 2372.4.
g. Develop and implement a management plan, through an interdisciplinary process, for each desig- nated SIA.
20. Timber
Suitability/AEIowable Sale Quantity
a. Harvest of scheduled timber would occur only on lands which are determined to be capable, available and suitable. The suitability of land for timber produc- tion would be field verified at the project level using the timber suitability criteria shown in Appendix I. Yields from suitable lands would be chargeable towards the allowable sale quantity (ASQ).
b. Harvest timber on lands unsuitable for timber produc- tion only when necessary to protect and enhance other resource values. Timber harvest would be con- sistent with silvicultural and environmental standards. Yields from unsuitable lands are nonchar- geable towards the ASQ. Specific examples include:
(1) Trees or stands that are substantially damaged by fire, windthrow, or other catastrophe, or which are in imminent danger from insect or disease attack, may be harvested for salvage or sanitation purposes.
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
(2) Individual trees or stands may be cut to test logging systems, to conduct experiments, or for the purpose of gathering information about tree growth, insect or disease organisms, or determin- ing the effect of such harvesting on other resour- ces.
(3) Trees would be cut to protect the safety of forest users, such as hazard-tree removal in campgrounds and picnic sites, administrative sites, and along roads open to the public.
(4) Trees or stands may be harvested to meet habitat objectives for threatened or endangered animal or plant species, or to maintain or improve habitat for other fish or wildlife management indicator species.
(5) Timber may be harvested to meet certain forage production objectives for livestock.
(6) Timber may be harvested to improve the visual resource by opening scenic vistas or by improving visual variety.
(7) Trees or stands may be harvested for firewood and Christmas trees.
(8) Trees or stands may be cut to provide access, as in road construction.
Silvicultural Systems/Harvest Methods
c. A variety of silvicultural and timber management treatments may be practiced on lands managed for timber. A description of the various practices which may be used is found in Appendix J.
d. Determine the silvicultural system for a specific area after a stand evaluation by a silviculturist. The system chosen would reflect the recommendations made during the interdisciplinary environmental analysis process. A site-specific prescription might select any even-aged or uneven-aged method, depending upon current stand conditions and the type of vegetative cover desired in the future. A description of when a particular silvicultural system might be most ap- propriate is found in Appendix C.
e. New regeneration harvest units, created by even- aged management, would comply with the following:
(1) An opening created by timber harvesting would no longer be considered an opening when the minimum number of trees specified above has reached a height of 4.5 feet, unless, on a project-
by-project basis, greater heights are needed to meet other resource objectives.
(2) Openings shall generally be surrounded by tim- ber stands 5 acres or larger in size, except that on a case-by-case basis openings may have up to 15 percent of their periphery in common with other openings. Openings would vary in size to fit resource objectives or natural variation in vegetation and topography and would not nor- mally result in leave strips or areas less than logical harvest unit size between openings.
(3) The maximum size of created openings would be 60 acres for the Douglas-fir type and 40 acres for other forest types. New regeneration units may be created adjacent to existing openings on Na- tional Forest land as long as the collective total acreage does not exceed the maximum size limitation. Exceptions to the maximum size limitation may be permitted for specific timber sales (after a 60-day public notice period and review by the Regional Forester) or in case of catastrophes, such as fires, windstorms, and in- sect attacks.
The actual size of each harvest unit would be determined through environmental analyses by an interdisciplinary team of resource specialists. Units would usually be considerably less than the maximum size limitation, normally in the 5 to 25 acre range.
(4) Even-aged stands of timber must have reached at least 95 percent of culmination of mean annual increment (cubic measure) prior to regeneration harvest (final harvest). Mean annual increment is to be based on expected growth according to planned management intensities and on forest type and site quality.
f. Emphasize the regeneration harvest of understocked and poorly-growing stands, whether using even or uneven-aged systems. Intermediate cuttings in over- stocked stands (thinning) and the salvage of dead and dying trees would also be emphasized.
g. Include an economically feasible mixture of under- stocked areas and well-stocked, culminated stands in regeneration harvest.
h. Select one timber compartment on the Shasta Forest and one on the T rinity Forest where intensive uneven- aged management would be used to validate the growth and yield assumptions for selection cutting.
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
Reforestation
i. Achieve the following stocking of well distributed trees within five years of final harvest (unless a dif- ferent period is needed to achieve wildlife, visual, or other resource objectives) under all silvicultural
methods:
Minimum
limber Type IrgesJEcnAcrg
Mixed Conifer 150
Douglas-fir 125
Red Fir 200
Ponderosa Pine 75-150
(varies by site)
Recommended
200
225
300
125-200
j. Provide for diversity of tree species indigenous to an area, in the course of conducting reforestation ac- tivities, by one or more of the following:
(1) plant an appropriate mix of tree species in areas to be artificially regenerated;
(2) encourage the regeneration of shade tolerant and intolerant tree species in areas to be naturally regenerated; and
(3) leave manageable, salvable, and residual ad- vanced reproduction in areas planned for regeneration cutting.
k. Examine the possibility of regenerating nonstocked suitable timber lands (brushfields, etc.)
1. The use of terracing as a site preparation treatment for reforestation purposes would be limited and determined through site-specific analysis.
Timber Stand Improvement and Forest Health
m.Consider a full range of vegetation management methods to treat competing vegetation and ensure adequate seedling establishment and plantation growth. These practices may include mechanical, manual, prescribed fire, biological, and chemical (herbicide) methods as well as grazing. Herbicides would be used only when essential to achieve the assigned land management objectives. Essential, in this case, is defined as follows: it is biologically, physi- cally, or economically impractical to achieve the Sand management objectives using other methods. The method selected would be determined at the project level by site specific analysis during the environmen- tal analysis process and would include monitoring and enforcement plans, as appropriate.
n. Use commercial thinnings to maintain or improve tree health and vigor and to provide a marketable supply of wood products.
o. Timber stand improvement projects would em- phasize maintaining or improving growth, and heal- thy, vigorous trees, through release and thinning.
21, Visual Quality
a. Manage activities and projects to meet adopted Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) of: (1) preservation (P); (2) retention (R); (3) partial retention (PR); (4) modification (M); or (5) maximum modification (MM). On rare occasions the adopted VQO may not meet management's objectives (i.e., catastrophic events). Any proposed modification to adopted VQOs must go through the NEPA process and be approved by the Forest Supervisor.
b. In the following sensitive travel corridors the foreground portions (areas located up to 1/4 to 1/2 mile from the road viewer) would be managed primarily to meet the adopted VQO of R:
(1) Everitt Memorial Highway (County A10)
(2) Interstate 5
(3) State Highway 3
(4) State Highway 36
(5) State Highway 89
(6) State Highway 299
(7) U.S. Highway 97
c. In the following sensitive travel corridors the middleground portions (areas between 1/4 to 1/2 mile and 3 to 5 miles from the road viewer) would be managed primarily to meet the adopted VQO of PR:
(1) Everitt Memorial Highway (County A10)
(2) Interstate 5
(3) South Fork (Sacramento River) Road (40N26)
(4) State Highway 3
(5) State Highway 36
(6) State Highway 89
(7) State Highway 299
(8) U.S. Highway 97
d. In the following sensitive travel corridors the foreground portions (areas located from 1 /4 to 1 /2 mile from the road viewer) would be managed primarily to meet the adopted VQO of PR:
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Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
(1) Ah-Di-Na Road (38N53)
(2) Canyon Creek Road (County 401 to Ripstein Campground)
(3) Castle Lake Road (County 2MO20)
(4) Coffee Creek Road (County 104)
(5) Eastside Road (County Road 106)
(6) Everitt Hill Road (Arterial Route 88)
(7) Fowlers Road (39N28.01)
(8) Gilman Road (35N60/County 7H01 from Inter- state 5 East to McCloud River Bridge)
(9) Harris Springs Road (43N15.1 from State High- way 89 to Powder Hill Road 43N49)
(10) Hobo Gulch Road (34N07Y/County 421)
(11) Hyampom Road (County 301)
(12) Mt. Shasta Round the Mountain Road
(13) New River Road (County 402 to Denny)
(14) Powder Hill Road (43N49)
(15) Rush Creek Road (County Road 204)
(16) South Fork Mountain Road (6N12/6N01)
(17) South Fork (Sacramento River) Road (40N26)
(18) Trinity Dam Boulevard (County Road 105)
(19) Wildwood Road (County Road 302)
22. Water (see Soils and Water Section)
23. Wild and Scenic Rivers
a. Develop Management Plans, using the limits of ac- ceptable change process (LAC) for the existing Wild, Scenic and Recreation Rivers. They include: the South Fork T rinity River, nnainstem T rinity River below T rinity Dam, New River, and the North Fork Trinity River.
b. Protect the existing character within a 1/4 mile boundary on either side of the proposed Wild and Scenic Rivers pending the outcome of their formal classification by Congress. These rivers include: Hayfork Creek from Nine Mile Bridge to the con- fluence of the South Fork Trinity River, the upper segments of the North Fork and South Fork Trinity River, Beegum Creek from Beegum Gorge CampgrouncT to the Forest boundary Section 5, and Virgin Creek. (See Appendix E in the Draft E1S.) Follow procedures outlined in Forest Service Handbook 1909.12, Section 8.2, and the 1982 USDA Guidelines on Eligibility Classification and Management.
c. Recommend that the State of California include the Sacramento River, between Box Canyon and the NRA boundary, as part of the State's Wild and Scenic River System. That portion of the river meets recreation eligibility standards for wild and scenic river designa- tion. However, about 84 percent of the adjacent lands are privately owned.
d. Manage the Upper and Lower McCloud River as well as Squaw Valley Creek in accordance with the Coor- dinated Resource Management Plan (CRMP) con- tained in Appendix N. A primary objective of the Plan is to retain the characteristics of the waterways which made them eligible for wild and scenic river con- sideration, while at the same time recognizing the concerns of adjacent large private landowners. Should the CRMP be dissolved, the Forest Service would seek classification of the waterways into the National Wild and Scenic River System.
24. Wilderness
a. Develop Wilderness Plans for each Wilderness using the LAC process. Designate management zones and allocate transition, semi-primitive, primitive, and pris- tine opportunity classes as defined in Appendix Q.
b. Post the boundaries of the five Wildernesses within five years of Plan implementation.
c. Complete a Fire Management Plan for each Wilder- ness in a timely manner. Permit fire management activities that are compatible with wilderness objec- tives.
d. When developing or revising Wilderness Manage- ment Plans consider the following:
( 1 ) Require visitor permits to monitor demographics, travel patterns, and use levels;
(2) Ban or limit use of wood fires if resource damage occurs;
(3) Effects of domestic pets and recreation stock on vegetation, wildlife, and social quality; and
(4) Establish maximum levels of use, including party size and length of stay, in order to allow natural processes to continue and to retain social wilder- ness values.
e. Emphasize uses which are dependent upon the wilderness environment and cannot be reasonably accommodated elsewhere.
4-25
Chapter 4 - Standards & Guidelines
f. Initiate visitor information and education programs which interpret and emphasize values and behaviors that protect wilderness resources. Post regulations, orders, and/or permits outside the Wilderness boun- daries.
g. Include in each Wilderness Plan search and rescue procedures in conjunction with the local sheriff(s).
h. Maintain surface and sub-surface waters at the "high quality level" as defined by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards.
i. Manage vegetation to retain the primeval character of the wilderness environment and to allow natural ecological processes to operate freely. Remove trees only under emergency conditions such as fire, or insect and disease control.
j. Maintain fish and wildlife species indigenous to wildernesses with emphasis on preserving threatened, endangered, and sensitive species. Allow natural ecological dynamics of fish and wildlife populations to occur.
k. Address fish stocking in Wilderness Management Plans. Where already established, allow stocking to continue provided it does not interfere with peak recreation use. Give preference to native species. Do not permit fish stocking aircraft to land in Wilder- nesses.
l. Allow endemic levels of insect and disease infesta- tions. Consider treating only epidemic levels that severely threaten wilderness values or adjacent non- wilderness lands.
25. Wildlife (General)
a. Minimize accidental electrocution of raptors by en- suring that newly constructed overhead power lines meet safe design standards.
b. Consider transplants, introductions, or reintroduc- tions of wildlife species only after thorough analysis and coordination with other agencies and the public.
c. Manage habitat for neotropical migrant birds to main- tain viable population levels.
d. Develop interpretation/view sites for wildlife viewing, photography, and study. Provide pamphlets, slick shows, and other educational material which en- hance the watchable wildlife and other interpretive programs.
e. Develop additional guzzlers, spring boxes, etc., to improve distribution and availability of drinking water for wildlife.
Black-Tail and Mule Deer:
f. (1) Design and construct new roads to minimize
potential conflicts.
(2) Where possible, provide for line-of-sight barriers, consisting of vegetation and/or topography, along open roads in important deer areas.
(3) Use seasonal or permanent road closures to reduce disturbance during critical periods such as fawning season (see road closure policy under 7e).
g. Use seasonal or permanent road closures to reduce disturbance during critical cub rearing periods in selected black bear areas within Prescriptions VI and VII.
Wildlife (Threatened, Endangered, and Sen sitive [TE&S] Species)*
h. Maintain and/or enhance habitat for T&E species consistent with individual species recovery plans. T&E species should be managed at the high capability levels.
i. Survey and evaluate habitat for TE&S species at the project level in coordination with the USFWS. Place in Prescription VII or Prescription IX, as appropriate.
j. Protect potential bald eagle and peregrine falcon sites for future occupancy.
k. Restrict management activities around active goshawk nesting sites, outside the goshawk matrix in Prescription VII, until the young leave the area. This buffer should include the nest grove or an area about 300 feet around the nest tree.
I. Develop a network of goshawk territories and place in Prescription VII.
rm.Survey and monitor fisher and marten populations annually to determine status and trend.
n. Maintain and/or enhance northern spotted owl habitat so that it is not inconsistent with the Inter- agency Scientific Committee (ISC) report.
* See Management Prescriptions (Standards and Guidelines) for additional TE&S species direction.
4-26
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
Management Prescriptions
F
Management Prescriptions apply a management theme to specific types of land. Within the general framework of the Forest Standards and Guidelines, they identify the specific activities that are to be emphasized or permitted on that land.
Each Management Prescription consists of five parts:
1 . Objective Statement. This describes the purpose of the prescription.
2. Emphasized Practices. These are to be imple- mented as an integral part of the prescription.
3. Permitted Practices. These are allowed in the implementation of the prescription provided they are not detrimental to the objectives of the prescription.
Management practices not listed as either em- phasized or permitted are incompatible under that given prescription. (See Appendix L for a description of these management practices.)
4. Areas Where the Prescription is Applied. This describes the land or type of land to which the prescription is applied.
5. Prescription Standards and Guidelines. These give further guidance on specifically how to im- plement the prescription.
Eleven Management Prescriptions were considered in the development of the proposed Forest Plan. They range from emphasis on timber management activities, to Wilderness, to minimal management. Their distribution among the 22 Management Areas on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests is displayed in Table 4-4.
4-27
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
Table 4-4
Summary of Acreage Allocations by Management Area and Prescription Management Management Prescription
|
Area |
* 1 |
II |
III |
IV V |
VI |
VII |
VIII |
IX |
X |
XI |
Total |
|
1 |
5,124 |
31,711 |
4,737 |
38,484 |
2,032 |
5,485 |
195 |
87,768 |
|||
|
1111 |
5,625 |
177 |
13,110 |
59,095 |
60,377 |
2,139 |
3,778 |
449 |
144,750 |
||
|
ill! |
1,210 |
53,240 |
143 |
46 |
5,081 |
1,474 |
566 |
108 |
61,868 |
||
|
111!! |
498,776 |
498,776 |
|||||||||
|
5 |
8,393 |
629 |
19,117 |
189 |
4,471 |
34,420 |
885 |
2,561 |
145 |
70,810 |
|
|
6 |
1,215 |
7,026 |
11,862 |
369 |
11,022 |
13,061 |
25,301 |
1,532 |
1,505 |
35 |
72,928 |
|
7 |
43 |
13,968 |
431 |
6,653 |
42,013 |
11,916 |
890 |
240 |
76,154 |
||
|
8 |
33,186 |
103,350 |
2,235 |
30,809 |
3,743 |
746 |
143 |
174,212 |
|||
|
9 |
881 |
1,714 |
4,082 |
111 |
14,216 |
15,454 |
20,155 |
1,110 |
31 |
761 |
58,515 |
|
10 |
319 |
5,335 |
483 |
591 |
54,546 |
182 |
122 |
88 |
61,666 |
||
|
11 |
5,181 |
121 |
874 |
48,196 |
8,404 |
393 |
241 |
30 |
63,440 |
||
|
12 |
7,991 |
2,578 |
955 |
194 |
32,037 |
15,344 |
15,004 |
1,585 |
4,660 |
40 |
80,388 |
|
13 |
2,658 |
5,298 |
16,530 |
2,438 |
1,431 |
702 |
15 |
29,072 |
|||
|
14 |
1,817 |
562 |
2,290 |
198 |
3,919 |
43,817 |
4,744 |
365 |
10 |
57,722 |
|
|
15 |
109 |
1,685 |
29,352 |
319 |
15,671 |
29,046 |
11,812 |
1,590 |
411 |
89,995 |
|
|
16 |
461 |
2,596 |
13,859 |
7,210 |
2 77 |
24,403 |
|||||
|
17 |
16,092 |
1,529 |
65 |
5,635 |
4,102 |
8,057 |
846 |
40 |
36,366 |
||
|
18 |
60 |
17,486 |
21,923 |
30,404 |
17,390 |
1,534 |
180 |
179 |
89,156 |
||
|
19 |
10,464 |
627 |
23,395 |
397 |
4,630 |
19,447 |
60,565 |
2,697 |
943 |
246 |
123,411 |
|
20 |
4,106 |
5,986 |
1,223 |
40 |
3,523 |
40,110 |
18,801 |
908 |
4,162 |
275 |
79,134 |
|
21 |
1,051 |
203 |
369 |
3,781 |
24,817 |
33,873 |
1,060 |
30 |
110 |
65,294 |
|
|
22 |
11,930 |
10,444 |
406 |
22,023 |
5,273 |
23,048 |
1,830 |
714 |
50 |
75,718 |
|
|
Total |
65,046 |
62,926 |
313,878 |
6,247 498,776 |
214,962 |
536,069 |
366,572 |
27,775 |
25,724 |
3,570 |
2,121,547 |
|
Management area names with page references begin on page 4-57 |
4-28
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
I. UNROADED NON-MOTORIZED RECREATION
A. Objective
The purpose of this prescription is to provide for semi- primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities in un- roaded areas outside existing Wildernesses while maintaining predominantly natural-appearing areas with only subtle modifications. Special recreational and visual values, fisheries, and riparian resources are emphasized. Also emphasized in this prescription is retention of old- growth vegetation and management of wildlife species requiring late serai stage conditions.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Coldwater Fishery Habitat Management
• Fisheries Habitat Management - Sensitive Fish
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized Recreation
• Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Non-Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Cultural Resource Management - Native American Sacred Places
• Fire Management
• Integrated Pest Management
• Livestock Grazing
• Minerals Development
• Soils and Water Improvement
• Vegetation Treatment by Burning
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription I Would Be Applied
These areas are generally 2,500 to 5,000 acres in size unless contiguous to Wilderness. There is little evidence of roads, and the area is normally closed to motorized travel. The natural setting may have some subtle
modifications that would be noticed but would not draw the attention of an observer in the area. Structures are rare and isolated. Relatively few parties per day would be encountered on trails, and even fewer parties would be visible at camp sites. On-site restrictions and controls are present, but subtle. Typical activities include hiking, cross-country skiing, horseback riding, rafting, canoeing, swimming, hunting, fishing, camping, and sightseeing.
This prescription also applies to designated Wild seg- ments of Wild and Scenic Rivers outside of Wildernesses. These rivers, or sections of rivers, and adjacent areas are free of impoundments and generally inaccessible except by trail.
D. Standards and Guidelines
1. No new roads would be constructed for Forest Ser- vice generated activities.
2. Trails should be located, designed, constructed, and maintained so that they are suitable for foot and horseback travel. Trail density should provide a low frequency of user contact.
3. Blasting may be used for trail maintenance/con- struction and fish barrier removal.
4. Treatment of natural fuels or fuels resulting from resource activities would be determined during project planning.
5. Wildfire suppression tactics would favor the use of natural barriers and low-impact suppression techni- ques. Use small camps and staging areas and pro- vide for their return to as near a pre-use condition as possible.
6. Camp sites should be primitive in nature. On-site restrictions and controls can be present, but subtle.
7. Management activities would be compatible with Semi-primitive Non-motorized Recreation Oppor- tunity Spectrum (RQS) guidelines.
8. Identify and develop interpretive publications and exhibits which explain recreation features, manage- ment practices and benefits. Special emphasis should be on nationally significant wild rivers.
9. Retain Sate seraS stage forest stands.
10. Manage to meet adopted Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) of retention and partial retention as indi- cated on the adopted VQO map. VQOs would be
4-29
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
evaluated from sensitive travel corridors both inside
and outside the prescription area.
11. Use of mechanized equipment would be permitted
for the following reasons:
a. Helicopter access to snow survey courses until such time as corollary courses are established outside of the Prescription 1 area;
b. Helicopter access to remove aircraft wreckage;
c. Motorized medical rescue equipment for search or evacuation of dead or severely injured persons or livestock;
d. Chainsaw, rock drill, and hand portable yarder as necessary to meet the objectives of the prescrip- tion;
e. Mineral activities as permitted;
f. Aerial stocking of fish;
g. Motorized equipment, including aircraft, for firefighting and law enforcement;
h. Transportation of material, supplies, and person- nel for range management activities, if such ac- cess has a history of prior use;
i. Management of insects, disease, and other pests interfering with the attainment of recreation and non-recreation values; and
j. Enhancement of cliff faces for peregrine falcon nesting sites.
12. Proposals for removal of dead, dying, or high risk trees, due to catastrophic events, are subject to additional site-specific environmental analysis at the project level.
13. Maintain snags, dead/down material, and hardwoods at naturally occurring levels.
14. Use this Prescription to help provide additional habitat and connecting corridors for fisher and mar- ten and to provide additional habitat for goshawk.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
II. LIMITED ROADED MOTORIZED RECREATION
A. Objective
The purpose of this prescription is to provide for semi- primitive motorized recreation opportunities, while maintaining predominantly natural-appearing areas with some modifications. Recreational and visual resources are important values; semi-primitive activities are em- phasized. Managing for old-growth vegetation and wildlife species requiring these late serai stages is also an important consideration.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Coldwater Fishery Habitat Management
• Fisheries Habitat Management - Sensitive Fish
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Semi-Primitive Motorized Recreation
• Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Warmwater Fishery Habitat Management
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Non-Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Cultural Resource Management - Native American Sacred Places
• Fire Management
• Integrated Pest Management
• Livestock Grazing
• Minerals Development
• Road Construction and Reconstruction
• Soils and Water Improvement
• Timber - Minimal Management
• Timber - Uneven-aged Management
• Vegetation Treatment by Burning
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription II Would Be Applied
These areas are generally 2,500 to 5,000 acres in size. There are a few service level D and a limited number of service level C roads. The area is open to motorized travel primarily by off-highway vehicles (OHV) on designated routes. The natural setting may have some noticeable modifications but they would not draw the attention of an observer in the area. Structures are rare and isolated. Relatively few parties per day would be encountered on trails and even fewer parties would be visible at camp sites. On-site restrictions and controls are present, but subtle. Typical activities include OHVs, snowmobiles, power boating, hiking, cross-country skiing, horseback riding, rafting, canoeing, swimming, hunting, fishing, camping, ana sightseeing.
This prescription also applies to designated Scenic seg- ments of Wild and Scenic Rivers. These rivers, or sections of rivers, and adjacent areas are free of impoundments and generally accessible by a limited number of trails or roads.
D. Standards and Guidelines
1 . Road density for existing and new roads would be planned and managed to insure that user contact does not exceed low to moderate levels.
2. Trails should be located, designed, constructed, and maintained so that they are suitable for their in- tended purpose. Trail density and use would be limited to insure low to moderate frequency of user contact. Those trails qualifying under Item 9 would be open to motorized vehicles.
3. Blasting may be used for trail maintenance/con- struction and fish barrier removal.
4. Shaded fuel breaks may be constructed and main- tained consistent with Forest-wide direction. Pre- attack facilities are limited to safety zones and helispots.
5. T reatment of fuels created by project activities would be determined during project planning.
6. Wildfire suppression tactics would favor use of low- impact techniques.
7. Campsites and wildfire suppression camps should be primitive in nature. On-site restrictions and controls can be present, but subtle.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
8. Management activities would be compatible with Semi-primitive Motorized Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) guidelines.
9. Designate suitable trails and areas for OHV use. Such use should be located and scheduled to mini- mize conflicts with other recreation use and wildlife needs. Refer to the OHV Management Plan map for special use areas.
10. Identify and develop interpretive publications and exhibits which explain recreation features, manage- ment practices and benefits. Emphasis should be on nationally significant scenic rivers and recreation areas.
1 1 . Design vegetative manipulation to meet recreation and wildlife objectives.
12. Adjacent management activities that are seen from within developed recreation sites would meet a VQO of retention in the foreground and partial retention in the middieground. The area within the
developed recreation site would meet a VQO of retention.
13. The use of mechanized equipment is permitted.
1 4. Provide an average of at least 30 square feet of basal area per acre in hardwoods. If less than 30 square feet of basal area is present naturally, maintain the existing level of hardwoods.
15. Maintain an average of 20 tons of unburned dead/down material per acre. Preference is to have a portion of this tonnage in large material (i.e., 6 to 8 logs over 10 feet long at the largest available diameter).
1 6. Manage for an average of at least 2.5 snags per acre greater than 15 inches in diameter and 20 feet in height.
17. Use this Prescription to help provide additional habitat and connecting corridors for fisher and mar- ten and to provide additional habitat for goshawk.
4-32
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
III. ROADED RECREATION
A. Objective
The purpose of this prescription is to provide for an area where there are moderate evidences of the sights and sounds of humans. Modifications are evident and may appear moderate to observers in the area but would be unnoticed or visually subordinate from sensitive travel routes. This prescription emphasizes recreational oppor- tunities associated with developed road systems and dispersed and developed camp sites. Fish and wildlife management, which supports the recreational use of wildlife species (hunting, fishing, and viewing), is also emphasized. The emphasis of timber harvesting activities would be to meet recreation, visual, and wildlife objec- tives while maintaining healthy and vigorous stands.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Fuels Reduction and Management
• Road Construction and Reconstruction
• Roaded Natural Recreation
• Soils and Water Improvement
• Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Vegetation Treatment by Burning
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Non-Consumptive Species
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Cultural Resource Management - Native American Sacred Places
• Fire Management
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Integrated Pest Management
• Livestock Crazing
• Minerals Development
• Timber - Modified Management (Partial Retention, Modification VQOs)
• Timber - Minimal Management (Retention VQOs)
• Timber - Uneven-Aged Management
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription III Would be Applied
Resource activities and modifications are evident, but they are in harmony with the natural environment set- ting. A moderate to high frequency of user contact occurs on roads and a low to moderate frequency occurs on trails and away from roads. On-site user controls are noticeable, but they harmonize with the natural environ- ment. Typical activities include: hiking, cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, power boating, snowmobiling, touring, resort-supported recreation, trailer camping, hunting, fishing, and wildlife viewing.
This prescription also applies to designated Recreation segments of Wild and Scenic Rivers. Areas adjacent to these rivers or sections of rivers that are readily accessible by road or railroad, and may have undergone some development in the past, are also included. This is also the primary prescription for the Shasta and Trinity Units of the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA).
D. Standards and Guidelines
1. Roads and trails should be located, designed, con- structed and maintained so that they are compatible with Roaded Natural Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) activities. These activities include hiking, auto touring, wildlife viewing, OHV use, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, and horseback riding.
2. Wildfire suppression tactics would favor use of low impact techniques.
3. Pre-attack facilities should be located where there is minimum conflict with recreation activities.
4. T reatment of fuels created by project activities would be determined during project planning.
5. Provide information and interpretive services to direct visitors to their recreation destinations. Ac- quaint the visiting public with the significant histori- cal and cultural features, plants, wildlife, and management programs on the Forests.
6. Locate cross-country skiing developments where terrain and snow conditions are highly suitable.
7. Designate suitable trails and areas for OHV use. Such use should be located and scheduled to minimize conflicts with other recreation use and
4-33
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
deer winter range. Refer to the OHV Management Plan map for specific use areas.
8. Plan, design, and implement management activities that are compatible with Roaded Natural ROS guidelines.
9. Identify and develop interpretive publications and exhibits which explain recreation features, manage- ment practices and benefits. Special emphasis should be on nationally significant recreation rivers and areas. Coordinate the placement of interpretive services with developed site planning, construction, rehabilitation, or major site maintenance.
1 0. Timber management activities would be designed to meet recreation, visual, and wildlife objectives.
11. Timber yields would be less than the biological potential. Rotation lengths would range from 90 to 1 60 years with the average about 1 25 years.
12. Disperse openings created by timber harvesting throughout project areas. Size of openings would average 5 acres or less.
13. Manage to meet adopted Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) of retention, partial retention, or modifica- tion as indicated on the adopted VQO map. Unseen areas within any mapped VQO may be managed for modification except in recreation river corridors.
14. Management activities that are seen from developed recreation sites would meet a VQO of retention in the foreground and partial retention in the middleground.
1 5. Provide an average of at least 30 square feet of basal area per acre in hardwoods. If less than 30 square feet of basal area are present, maintain the existing level of hardwoods.
16. Maintain an average of 10 tons of unburned dead/down material per acre on slopes less than 40 percent. Preference is to have a portion of this ton- nage in large material (i.e., 4 to 6 logs over 10 feet long at the largest diameter available). Where feasible, maintain the same amount on slopes over 40 percent.
1 7. Manage for an average of at least 1 .5 snags per acre greater than 15 inches in diameter and 20 feet in height.
4-34
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
IV. ROAD ED, HIGH DENSITY RECREATION
A. Objective
The purpose of this prescription is to provide for areas which are characterized by a substantially modified natural environment. Sights and sounds of humans are readily evident, and the interaction between users is often moderate to high. Facilities are designed for use by a large number of people. Recreational and visual resour- ces are important values with rural recreation em- phasized.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Coldwater Fishery Habitat Management
• Developed Site Management
• Fuels Reduction and Management
• Integrated Pest Management
• Road Construction and Reconstruction
• Rural Recreation
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Warmwater Fishery Habitat Management
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Minerals Development
• Soils and Water Improvement
• Streamside and Wetlands Management
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription IV Would Be Applied
The natural environment is substantially modified to the point that developments are clearly obvious to travelers in and around these visually sensitive areas. Structures are readily evident; they may be widely scattered or occur in small dominant clusters. Pedestrians or other slow moving observers are constantly within view of culturally changed landscapes. The social setting en- courages moderate to high visitor contact. Controls, regulations, and law enforcement activities are obvious. Typical activities or facilities include: camping, fishing, information centers, aerial tramways, convenience
stores, resorts, marinas, downhill ski areas, and picnic sites.
D. Standards and Guidelines
1. New roads and trails would be constructed for the purpose of accessing fishing trails, interpretive trails, or providing links to primary trails. These roads and trails would be located, designed, constructed, and maintained to standards which complement Rural Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) activities.
2. Treatment of natural fuels or fuels resulting from resource activities would be determined during project planning.
3. Standard range management practices (herding, fencing) would be applied to keep livestock out of developed recreation sites. This is especially true when conflicts occur between recreation and graz- ing use.
4. Locate and schedule OHV use to minimize conflicts.
5. Management activities should be accomplished in accordance with Rural Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) guidelines.
6. Include developed recreation sites in interpretive plans. Develop and maintain incentives to reduce vandalism. Coordinate operation and maintenance of interpretive facilities with other functions. Coor- dinate placement of interpretive services with developed site planning, construction, rehabilitation or major maintenance. Work with special use per- mittees to keep the public informed about manage- ment policies, practices, and programs. Establish interpretive facilities as indicated in interpretive plans.
7. Provide information and interpretive services to direct visitors to their recreation destinations. Ac- quaint the visiting public with the significant histori- cal and cultural features, plants, wildlife, and management programs on the Forests.
8. Through hazardous tree evaluation and control, pro- vide an acceptable level of public safety with the least amount of damage and impact to the environ- ment.
9. In developed recreation areas keep conifer stocking at levels which would reduce mortality.
4-35
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
10. In developed recreation and other high value areas treat conifer stumps immediately after tree felling to prevent infection by Heterobasidion annosum.
11. Areas within developed recreation sites would meet a VQO of modification. Management activities that are seen from developed recreation sites would meet
a VQO of retention in the foreground and partial retention in the middleground.
1 2. Areas within developed site boundaries are not sub- ject to snag, dead/down material, and hardwood standards due to safety considerations and recrea- tion use.
4-36
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
V. WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT
A. Objective
This prescription provides for management of Congres- sionally designated Wildernesses in accordance with the National Wilderness Preservation Act of 1964 and as- sociated regulations. Emphasis is placed on maintaining natural ecosystems. This includes retention of old- growth vegetation and management of wildlife species requiring these late serai stage conditions.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Primitive Recreation
Permitted
• Coldwater Fishery Habitat Management
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Cultural Resource Management - Native American Sacred Places
• Fire Management
• Fisheries Habitat Management - Sensitive Fish
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Integrated Pest Management
• Livestock Crazing
• Minerals Development (subject to prior valid exist- ing rights)
• Research Natural Area Establishment and Manage- ment
• Soils and Water Improvement
• Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Existing T&E Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription V Would Be Applied
This prescription applies to areas which have been desig- nated or recommended for Wilderness and which are 5,000 acres in size, or greater. The setting is essentially an unmodified natural environment. Evidence of trails is acceptable, but structures are rare. Few users would be encountered on trails and few parties would be visible at
camp sites. Typical activities include: hiking, horseback riding, backpacking, camping, fishing, hunting, sightsee- ing and photography. This prescription also applies to designated Wild segments of Wild and Scenic Rivers within designated Wildernesses.
D. Standards and Guidelines
1 . Discourage visitor concentration in areas of cultural resource values.
2. Prepare Fire Management Action Plans that would consider and define the circumstances to use in confine, contain, and control suppression strategies.
3. Wildfire suppression tactics would favor the use of natural barriers, topography or water courses, and low impact techniques. After fires are declared out, take appropriate action to rehabilitate and/or re- store the site.
4. Locate incident bases and staging areas outside of Wildernesses. When necessary, within a Wilderness, use small (50-60 people) suppression camps in areas where degradation of water quality can be avoided. Return sites to a pre-use condition.
5. Use of prescribed fire from planned ignitions to perpetuate natural ecosystems, or to protect ad- jacent resources, may be undertaken only after Washington Office (WO) approval.
6. Permit helispots when approved by the Forest Super- visor. Use natural openings to the extent possible.
7. Biological enhancement opportunities for fish and wildlife would be coordinated with the California Department of Fish and Came (DFG).
8. Pest management activities would only be con- ducted to prevent the unnatural loss of Wilderness resources or to protect timber and other valuable resources adjacent to Wildernesses.
9. Existing livestock grazing allotments are to be evaluated and managed in such a manner so as not to be detrimental to riparian habitats or other natural existing resources.
As grazing allotments come up for renewal within the Wilderness, they will be evaluated as to the appropriateness of that activity in that area.
10. Permit recreational stock use as long as impacts remain within acceptable limits. Recommend
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
packing supplemental feed. Confine stock at least 200 feet from ponds, lakes, streams, springs, trails, camps, and other high interest features.
1 1 . Management activities should be compatible with Primitive Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) guidelines unless otherwise specified in approved Wilderness Management Plans.
1 2. Manage recreation use according to operation and development plans.
13. Provide educational materials attrailheads to explain wilderness use and protection. Stress wilderness manners, health, safety, no-trace camping, domestic pet control, and use of firearms.
14. Manage to meet Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) of preservation.
15. Maintain snags, dead/down material, and hardwoods at naturally occurring levels. Dead / down vegetation may be used in amounts that can be replaced annually through natural accumula- tion. Standing vegetation (green or dead) may not be used.
16. Use this prescription to provide additional habitat and connecting corridors for fisher and marten and to provide additional habitat for goshawk.
17. Trail construction, reconstruction, relocation, and maintenance should be accomplished in a manner consistent with the purposes of the Wilderness Act. Apply the following stipulations to the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT):
a. Authorize relocation only if necessary to meet wilderness objectives;
b. Do not publicize the Wilderness portion of the PCT as a special attraction;
c. Use markers only to the extent necessary to direct uses at trail junctions; and
d. Accommodate winter use where feasible.
18. Determine the historic significance of existing struc- tures. Limit structures and improvements, not of historic significance, to those needed for the protec- tion and management of wilderness.
19. Do not use signing within primitive and pristine opportunity classes. Limit signing in other oppor- tunity classes to those needed for administration and protection of the Wilderness.
20. Locate campsites to take advantage of vegetative screening and topography. Where terrain allows, set campsites back at least 100 feet from ponds, lakes, streams, trails, and other interest features. Maintain healthy, native vegetation around campsites.
21. Consider revegetation projects under the following conditions:
a. Use patterns that have caused loss of vegetation can be modified;
b. Only native species may be used; and
c. Candidate areas are site specific and can be dosed until new vegetation is established. Tem- porary signing and string barriers may be used as a protective barrier if necessary.
22. Mitigate effects of human use, which exceed stand- ards and guidelines for wilderness management, as stated in this proposed Forest Plan or individual wilderness management plans using the following sequence of actions:
First Level Action - Public Information and Site Restoration
a. De-emphasize attraction of excessively used areas and promote use of alternate areas.
b. Inform the public of low-impact backcountry techniques and no-trace camping practices through public service media messages, trailhead notices, informational brochures, and personal contact.
c. Adjust or remove administrative and information- al signing.
d. Remove or reduce any facilities contributing to concentration of use beyond capacity.
e. Reduce fishing use, in coordination with the DFC, if excessive impacts occur at a specific location.
f. Revegetate damaged areas and post site restora- tion messages.
g. Restrict commercial outfitter/guide use of the af- fected area.
Second Level Action - Use of Regulations
a. Limit or ban campfires.
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b. Designate campsites.
c. Require minimum spacing between campsites.
d. Impose a minimum camp site setback from water and trails.
e. Restrict types of use in a specific area or on trails leading to an affected area.
f. Restrict group size.
g. Limit length of stay.
h. Close revegetated campsites.
i. Install toilet facilities to correct major sanitation problems (transition opportunity classes only).
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
Third Level Action - Restrict Number of Users
a. Allow only day use.
b. Restrict time of entry.
c. Restrict location of entry.
d. Restrict number of entries.
Fourth Level Action - Close Area to All Users
An area may be closed to all recreation use until it is rehabilitated and restored to wilderness conditions.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
VI. WILDLIFE HABITAT MANAGEMENT
A. Objective
The primary purpose of this prescription is to maintain and enhance big game, small game, upland game bird and non-game habitat, thereby providing adequate hunt- ing and viewing opportunities. Habitat management for species which are primarily dependent upon early and mid-seral stages is an important consideration. While this prescription does not emphasize those wildlife species dependent on late serai stages, habitat favorable to these species would occur within this prescription. Vegetation is manipulated to meet wildlife habitat management objectives and to maintain healthy, vigorous stands using such tools as timber management and prescribed fire. Cutting unit sizes and locations, timing of stand entries, and intensity of site preparation, release, and thinning are modified to provide desirable habitat conditions through time. Roaded natural recreation opportunities would be maintained. Riparian habitat is managed under Prescrip- tion IX for riparian dependent fish and wildlife species.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Hardwood Habitat Management
• Soils and Water Improvement
9 Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Vegetation Treatment by Burning
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Non-Consumptive Species
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Fuels Reduction and Management
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
9 Integrated Pest Management
• Livestock Grazing
• Minerals Development
9 Road Construction and Reconstruction
• Roaded Natural Recreation
• Timber - Minimal Management
• Timber - Modified Management
• Timber - Uneven-Aged Management
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
C Description of Areas Where
Prescription VI Would Be Applied
This prescription may include designated wildlife areas for black bear, deer, and gray squirrel. Black bear and deer would generally receive a higher level of emphasis in this prescription than in other areas of the Forests. Also included are major wildlife forage/browse areas (e.g., bitterbrush ranges).
D. Standards and Guidelines
1 . T reatment of fuels created by project activities would be determined during project planning.
2. Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use may occur only in designated areas and on trails. Use would be located and scheduled to minimize conflicts with wildlife objectives. Refer to the OHV Management Plan map for specific use areas.
3. Management activities should be compatible with Roaded Natural Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) guidelines.
4. Develop exhibits, publications, and signs that inter- pret wildlife practices and benefits.
5. A combination of even-age and uneven-aged timber management practices would be used to achieve desired wildlife goals and objectives and to maintain healthy, vigorous stands.
6. Timber yields would be less than the biological potential. Rotation lengths would range from 90 to 1 60 years and average about 1 25 years. This is due in part to less intensive silvicultural practices such as site preparation and control of competing vegetation (i.e., release for plantation establishment would be accomplished when needed, but release for growth would be foregone to meet wildlife objectives).
Rotations for management indicators would general- ly be within the following ranges:
Bear 120 to 160 years (140 average)
Deer 90 to 110 years (100 average)
Squirrel 90 to 140 years (125 average)
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
7. Manage to meet adopted Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) of retention, partial retention, and modifica- tion as indicated on the adopted VQO map.
8. Provide an average of at least 30 square feet of basal area per acre in hardwoods. If less than 30 square feet of basal area is present naturally, maintain the existing level of hardwoods.
9. Maintain an average of 10 tons of unburned dead/down material per acre on slopes less than 40 percent. Preference is to have a portion of this ton- nage in large material (i.e., 4 to 6 logs over 10 feet
long at the largest available diameter). Where feasible, maintain the same amount on slopes greater than 40 percent. Where bear habitat is em- phasized, maintain an average of 30 tons per acre with 1 2 to 1 6 logs of the larger material as described above.
1 0. Manage for an average of at least 1 .5 snags per acre greater than 15 inches in diameter and 20 feet in height.
11. Use this Prescription to help provide additional habitat for fisher, marten, and goshawk.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
VII. THREATENED, ENDANGERED, AND SELECTED SENSITIVE SPECIES
A. Objective
The purpose of this prescription is to provide special management for threatened and endangered (T&E) species. It also includes special, selected sensitive wildlife species which are primarily dependent on late serai stage conditions. This prescription also emphasizes retention and enhancement of sensitive plant species, old-growth vegetation, and hardwoods. Sensitive fish and wildlife species, which are dependent on riparian areas, would be managed in accordance with the standards and guidelines in Prescription IX.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Existing T&E Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Fuels Reduction and Management
• Integrated Pest Management
• Livestock Crazing
• Minerals Development
• Road Construction and Reconstruction
• Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized Recreation
• Semi-Primitive Motorized Recreation
• Streamside and Wetlands Management © Trail Construction and Reconstruction @ Vegetation Treatment by Burning
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Non-Consumptive Species
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription VII Would Be Applied
This prescription applies to known sites and/or territories of T&E or special, selected sensitive species which occur on the Forests as well as selected connecting corridors. These species include: bald eagles, peregrine falcons,
spotted owls, martens, fishers, and goshawks. Identified and newly found sensitive plant locations are also in- cluded. When new sites of T&E and the selected sensitive plants and animal species are identified in other prescrip- tions, they would be reallocated to this prescription, where needed, to prevent further decline in sensitive species and to aid in the recovery of listed species. The marbled murrelet was recently listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Habitat requirements will be identified in the Recovery Plan and then incorporated into this document (see Chapter II, Draft EIS, Minimum Manage- ment Requirements).
D. Standards and Guidelines
1 . T reatment of fuels created by project activites would be determined during project planning.
2. Proposed minerals development would be reviewed on a case-by-case basis to determine effects on species within this prescription.
3. Management activities should be compatible with Semi-primitive Non-motorized or Semi-primitive Motorized Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) guidelines.
4. Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use may occur only on designated trails. This use would be located and scheduled to avoid conflicts with wildlife objectives. Refer to the OHV Management Plan map for specific use areas.
5. Develop publications that explain protective measures and benefits for T&E and sensitive species.
6. Manage to meet adopted Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) of retention, preservation, or partial reten- tion as indicated on the adopted VQO map.
7. Maintain dead/down material, hardwoods, and snags at naturally occurring levels.
8. Timber harvest would occur only as a result of vegetative manipulation for the enhancement of species according to approved species recovery or management plans.
Bald Eagles
9. Maintain and/or enhance the habitat necessary to provide for 27 pair of bald eagles (Shasta-Trinity prorated share of the Regional Recovery Plan).
10. Survey populations and habitat annually to deter- mine status and trend.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
11. Update or develop and implement management plans for all known and newly discovered nesting and roosting sites. Such plans would have site specific management direction established for the benefit of the bald eagles and would be coordinated with the Bald Eagle Recovery Plan.
Peregrine Falcons
12. Maintain and/or enhance the habitat necessary to provide for 9 pair of peregrine falcons (Shasta-Trinity share of the Regional Recovery Plan).
13. Survey populations and habitat annually to deter- mine status and trend.
14. Develop and implement specific territory manage- ment plans for all known and future sites necessary for population viability. These plans would be coor- dinated with the Peregrine Falcon Recovery Plan.
Spotted Owls
15. All category one, two, three, and four Habitat Con- servation Areas (HCAs) would be placed in this prescription. No activities would occur within these areas that are inconsistent with the Interagency Scientific Committee (ISC) Report. (See Appendix Q of the ISC Report).
16. Incorporate the recovery plan objectives for the spotted owl into this document when completed. The recovery plan objectives are being developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
17. Road construction, to access areas within HCAs, is prohibited except where access is granted by existing laws or regulations. Road construction through HCAs, required to access areas adjacent to but out- side HCAs, may occur only where there is no other feasible alternative.
18. Immediate fire suppression activities would take place for all incidents occurring within or adjacent to HCAs. The TE&S biologist or Forest biologist would be contacted to aid in coordinating suppression ac- tivities within these areas.
Goshawks
19. Develop site-specific plans for each goshawk territory. A Forest-wide network consisting of ade- quately spaced territories (one territory approximately every 18 square miles) would be re- quired.
20. The above plans shall include:
a. Provide for 1 50 to 1 80 acres (can be disaggregated into six 30-acre patches) for nesting site areas for each designated territory.
b. Provisions for restricting human activity.
21. Territories with active nests would take priority in establishing a population network.
22. Exclude management activities within occupied nest stands during the nesting period.
Fisher and Marten
23. Manage HCAs to provide habitat and maintain viable populations of these furbearers.
24. Two additional territories, that lie outside HCAs, have been designated; they would also be managed as part of the fisher territory matrix and placed in this prescription.
25. Two areas, that lie outside HCAs, are needed by the Six Rivers National Forest to complete marten territories; they have been designated and included in this prescription.
Sensitive Plants
26. Conduct inventories of known populations, habitat analysis, and field reconnaissance for potential populations in project influence zones.
27. Known sensitive plants, and those identified in the future, would be afforded the protection necessary to maintain or increase populations. Suitable habitat would be maintained or increased at a level that would assure the successful survival of the species throughout their range.
28. Modify projects so that sensitive plants would not be jeopardized; document such action. If actions that may have an adverse effect on sensitive species cannot be avoided, the activity would be deferred until such time as the affect of the proposed action can be assessed. Subsequent action will follow the recommendation resulting from such study, (i.e., protection, mitigation or action as planned.)
29. Information pertaining to numbers, distribution, population dynamics, and response to the manage- ment of Forest sensitive plant species would oe recorded and communicated to the Regional Office annually. Forest personnel would make recommen- dations to the Region for status revision or retention.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
30. Once Species Management Guides have been developed, recommend that identified critical habitat be withdrawn from mineral entry.
31. Attempt to acquire identified critical habitat through land exchange.
32. Permit livestock grazing within established allot- ments where information shows that grazing is com- patible with the maintenance of sensitive plant habitat.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
VIII. TIMBER MANAGEMENT
A. Objective
The purpose of this prescription is to obtain an optimum timber yield of wood fiber products from productive forest lands. Timber yields are planned from suitable timber lands to meet the timber management objectives of producing maximum wood fiber and sawlog volume. Major investments would be made in road construction, fuels management, reforestation, vegetation manage- ment, and timber stand improvement. Timber stands would be managed to obtain maximum growth and yields using cultural practices which control competing vegetation (release and weeding), obtain stocking con- trol (thinning), and minimize mortality (pest manage- ment). Rotation lengths would normally be short, ranging from 70 to 140 years and averaging about 110 years, depending on site and species. Vegetative manipulation would provide habitat for those wildlife species primarily dependent on early and mid-seral stages.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Fuels Reduction and Management
• Integrated Pest Management
• Road Construction and Reconstruction
• Soils and Water Improvement
• Timber - Intensive Management
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Hardwood Habitat Management
• Livestock Grazing
• Minerals Development
• Roaded Natural Recreation
• Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Timber - Modified Management
• Timber - Uneven-Aged Management
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Vegetation Treatment by Burning
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Non-Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription VIII Would Be Applied
This prescription applies to productive forest lands which, through field examination, are classified as suitable for timber production. These lands are not sig- nificantly constrained by other resource objectives. Therefore, an optimum yield of wood fiber production can be expected.
D. Standards and Guidelines
1 . T ransportation system planning would consider total needs of a compartment or large area.
2. Treatment of fuels created by project activities would be determined during project planning.
3. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) experien- ces would be compatible with timber objectives. In most cases this would be the Roaded Natural Recreation ROS class.
4. Develop exhibits and publications which explain tim- ber management practices and benefits and which are identified in interpretive plans.
5. Manage to meet the adopted Visual Quality Objec- tives (VQOs) of partial retention, modification, and maximum modification as shown on the adopted VQO map.
6. Manage for an average of at least 1 .5 snags per acre greater than 15 inches in diameter and 20 feet in height
7. Where hardwoods occur naturally within existing conifer types, manage to provide an average of at least 1 0 square feet of basal area of hardwoods per acre total while maintaining an average of at least 5 square feet of basal area per acre on Sand classified as suitable for timber production. Retention of larger hardwoods (13 inches in diameter, where available) exhibiting active wildlife use is preferred.
8. Maintain an average of 5 tons of unburned dead/down material per acre on slopes less than 40 percent. Preference is to have a portion of this ton- nage in large material (i.e., 4 to 6 logs over 10 feet long at the largest available diameter). Where feasible, maintain the same amount on slopes greater than 40 percent.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
IX. RIPARIAN MANAGEMENT
A. Objective
The purpose of this prescription is to maintain or enhance riparian areas, wildlife and fisheries habitat, and water quality by emphasizing streamside and wetland manage- ment. Multiple resource uses and activities would occur in support of, and to the extent that they do not adversely affect the maintenance of riparian area dependent resources (e.g., fish, wildlife, water quality). Fish habitats would be maintained and enhanced along with those semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities associated with riparian areas. This prescription also emphasizes retention and/or enhancement of old- growth vegetation. The retention and/or enhancement of habitat for sensitive species, such as the willow flycatcher, summer steelhead, and Trinity bristle snail, is also an important objective. This prescription also provides connective habitat for migration, dispersal, and foraging for several wildlife species.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Coldwater Fishery Habitat Management
• Fisheries Habitat Management - Sensitive Fish
® Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized Recreation (Peren- nials)
® Semi-Primitive Motorized Recreation (Intermit- tent/Ephemerals)
• Soils and Water Improvement
« Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Warmwater Fishery Habitat Management
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Existing T&E Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Cultural Resource Management - Native American Sacred Places
• Fuels Reduction and Management
• Integrated Pest Management
• Livestock Crazing
• Minerals Development
• Road Construction and Reconstruction
• Roaded Natural Recreation and Rural Recreation
• Timber - Modified Management (Intermit- tent/Ephemerals)
• Timber - Uneven-aged Management
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Consumptive Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Non-Consumptive Species
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription IX Would Be Applied
The purpose of this prescription is to maintain or enhance riparian areas which consist of riparian ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems, wetlands, and riparian management zones (RMZs). RMZs vary in width depending upon slope, stability, and soil erodibility. These areas also include inner gorge hazard zones. This prescription also applies to meadows, springs, marshes, and sensitive intermittent and ephemeral streams. Although widespread, these riparian areas are small and dissemi- nated and cannot accurately be represented at the scale of mapping used. This prescription would override less restrictive mapped prescriptions where riparian areas are present. Their exact location would be indicated during project planning. For a more detailed explanation, see RMZ Designation, next page.
D. Standards and Guidelines
Management Goals
Riparian ecosystems are physical-biological systems in or near surface waters that have primary values associated with water and the proximity of land to water. Riparian ecosystems include terrestrial, semi-aquatic (land/water interface) and aquatic components and habitats. Whole- system analysis is crucial, pulling individual system com- ponents together and attempting to evaluate all important influences, interconnections, and interactions.
Nine specific riparian condition goals have been iden- tified to facilitate riparian zone management on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Forest personnel will develop criteria for each goal that is measurable and locally appropriate.
NOTE: Criteria that can be readily measured are desirable. The technical feasibility of establishing measurable criteria varies among the important charac- teristics. The desirable ranges vary from place to place
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
and depend on varying system characteristics. Some important parameters, such as sediment loads, are dif- ficult to measure accurately. Forests will develop specific project level criteria for riparian conditions that are con- sistent with current scientific knowledge and local con- ditions. Examples of criteria that might apply in some areas of the Klamath Mountain physiographic province are listed after the goals.
Riparian Condition Goals
1. Maintain water quality to a degree that provides for stable and productive riparian ecosystems. Water quality parameters that apply to all riparian ecosys- tems include:
Water Temperature: Water temperature ranges should be suitable to maintain productive native and desired non-native plant and animal communities (e.g., maximum summer water temperatures should be between 56 and 68 degrees in 3rd to 5th order cold water streams).
Sediment Loads: Sediment loads should not exceed the transport capacity of the stream (e.g., sediment loads would be deemed excessive in 3rd to 5th order streams where there is more than 1 5 percent fine sediment in spawning areas, and riffle embedded- ness exceeds 20 percent).
Nutrient Loading: Nutrient loading should be at background levels. Background levels may be deter- mined by sampling in wilderness streams or other suitable reference waters.
2. Maintain or restore stream channel integrity and channel processes consistent with that anticipated under the range of desired conditions (e.g., bank stability maintained or restored to a minimum Pfankuch stability rating of "good".)
3. Maintain instream flows to support riparian and aquatic habitats; maintain the stability and effective function of stream channels; and retain the ability to pass flood discharges.
4. Maintain or restore the natural elevation of the water table in wet meadows while taking into considera- tion the effect of climatic variability (e.g., the natural water table fluctuations caused by wet or dry years).
5. Maintain or restore native and desired non-native plant community diversity and productivity.
6. Maintain or restore riparian vegetation to provide desired levels of large woody debris input to the aquatic system (e.g., 20 pieces of large wood per 1,000 lineal feet of 3rd to 5th order channels).
7. Maintain habitat to support populations of well-dis- tributed, native and desired non-native plant, ver- tebrate, and invertebrate populations that contribute to the viability of riparian-dependent communities.
8. Maintain or restore riparian vegetation to provide adequate summer and winter thermal regulation within the riparian zone (e.g., vegetation canopy adequate to provide 80 percent stream surface shad- ing in summer, or maximum site potential).
9. Maintain or restore riparian vegetation to provide ground cover, minimize soil erosion and sediment movement, and provide stream channel stability (e.g., average basal area greater than or equal to 250 square feet per acre, or site potential).
Riparian Management Zones (RMZs)
RMZs are areas established by the Forest Service where special management considerations are given to riparian- dependent resources. RMZ widths for streams are horizontal distances that are measured on each side from the edge of the active channel. Active channels consist of all portions of the stream channel carrying water at bankfull flows. They include side channels and back- waters, which may not carry water during seasonal low flows. RMZ distances for lakes, ponds, springs, seeps, meadows, and small wetlands are measured from the edge of the seasonally saturated soils. In the case of reservoirs, distances are from the maximum pool.
Stream classes used in the RMZ definitions are from the Region's Soil and Water Conservation Handbook (FSH 2509.22), Chapter 30 (Appendix A). Updates to the hand- book will be made as appropriate.
The RMZ Designation
Riparian areas are the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They encompass a wide range of environmental factors, ecological processes, and plant communities. Riparian areas are not easily delineated because they are comprised of mosaics of landforms, communities, and environments within the larger landscape (Gregory et. al. 1991). Planning for and managing these areas necessitates their delineation in the most standardized fashion practicable. In this strategy, specific boundaries for management practices within riparian areas are termed RMZs. Two types of RMZs are proposed: RMZ 1 and RMZ 2. The RMZ size and management varies based on stream class and aquatic ecosystem type as outlined below.
RMZ 1 . The RMZ 1 is the area of primary importance for maintaining desired ecological functions and processes in riparian and aquatic ecosystems. The size and
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
management strategy for RMZ 1 is based on the nine goals described earlier. The RMZ 1 includes the riparian vegetation, the floodplain, the inner gorge, aquatic ecosystem, and associated high and extreme landslide areas.
RMZ 1 Width.
Class I and II Streams . The RMZ would consist of the area from the edge of the active stream channel to the top of the inner gorge, or to the top of high and extreme landslide areas associated with the inner gorge, or to the outer edge of the 100 year floodplain, or to the outer edge of the riparian vegetation, or the height of two site potential trees, whichever distance is greatest. Where the above conditions have not been determined by interdis- ciplinary (ID) team analysis, use 300 feet horizontal distance.
Class III Streams. The RMZ would consist of the area from the edge of the active stream channel to the top of the inner gorge, or to the extent of associated high and extreme landslide areas, or to the extent of the 100 year floodplain, or to the outer edge of the riparian vegetation, or to the height of one site potential tree, whichever is greatest. Where the above conditions have not been determined by ID team analysis, use 150 feet horizontal distance.
Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs and Wetlands Greater than One Acre. The RMZ would consist of the area from the edge of the body of water to the outer edge of the riparian vegetation or to the extent of the seasonally saturated soil whichever is greater. Where the above conditions have not been determined by ID team analysis, use 150 feet horizontal distance for lakes, ponds and wetlands greater than one acre, and use 1 50 feet from the edge of the maximum pool for reservoirs.
Class N Streams. N/A
Other Wetlands. N /A
RMZ 2. The RMZ 2 is a zone of consideration on Class IV streams and other wetlands less than one acre in size where the emphasis is on conserving the riparian and aquatic ecosystem. Riparian goals help describe the desired future condition (DFC) and guide management activities. ID teams will analyze proposed management activities on a site-specific basis at the project level of planning. The area evaluated would be one site potential tree height or 100 feet from the edge of the riparian vegetation, whichever is greatest. The RMZ 2 designation applies to categories of riparian ecosystem with high variability in size and site specific characteristics. While the zone of consideration concept allows for flexibility in management of these areas, it is not meant to imply that these areas have less importance in maintaining healthy and functioning riparian and aquatic ecosystems. Criteria
to be addressed in the site specific evaluation includes, but is not limited to, the riparian goals. In the absence of site specific analysis a 100 foot exclusion zone would be adopted.
Recommended Standards and Guidelines for Management of RMZs
Timber Management
1. No timber harvest would be scheduled in RMZ 1.
2. Where catastrophic events such as fire or insect damage result in degraded riparian conditions, sal- vage may be used as a tool to restore desired condi- tions. Removal of salvage trees may occur as long as site specific analysis determines present and future woody debris needs are met and other riparian goals are not adversely affected.
3. Prohibit firewood cutting within RMZ 1.
4. Exclude heavy equipment from RMZ 1 s and the area determined by ID Team analysis in RMZ 2s. In the absence of SD Team analysis the exclusion for RMZ 2s is 100 feet. This requirement may be waived if approving activities inside the RMZs would result in less impact to Forest resources than approving the activities outside the riparian area.
5. Locate skid trails, cableways, and skyline corridors so as to minimize impacts to RMZs.
6. Protect streambanks by suspending logs during yarding.
7. Design silvicultural prescriptions for existing regenerated stands within RMZs.
8. Develop silvicultural prescriptions for riparian areas affected by past harvest or catastrophic events. Design prescriptions to reestablish stands that pro- vide desired vegetation characteristics (e.g., species composition and age class structure).
9. Do not apply fertilizers and pesticides in RMZs ex- cept in situations where prescribed to meet riparian resource objectives. Approve exceptions on a case- by-case basis where ID Team analysis indicates that there would be no adverse effects on the riparian resource.
10. Locate landings outside of RMZs. Approve excep- tions where ID Team analysis determines that a landing inside the RMZ would result in less impact to Forest resources than a landing outside the RMZ.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
Roads and Facilities Management
1. Roads would not be constructed in RMZs unless there is no other way to meet management objec- tives, or the construction in the RMZ would result in the least impact to the overall riparian resource. Roads approved within RMZs are to be constructed and maintained in a manner consistent with riparian management goals. Use design measures to mini- mize erosion, sedimentation, and other associated impacts to riparian and aquatic resources. These may include minimum impact location, appropriate road surfacing, armoring of ditchlines, controlled compaction or fills, outsloping of roads, mechanical and vegetative slope protection, wet weather traffic control, and annual maintenance and inspection.
2. Evaluate stream crossings to see if they can handle 100-year flood flows. Where crossings do not meet the 1 00-year flood flow capacity develop a program to upgrade those crossings. Show through analysis that a lesser structure with higher risk of failure would result in less habitat damage than the larger structure with less risk of failure. Construct and maintain crossings of fish-bearing streams so as not to impede the up or down stream migration of fish. Design and construct crossings so that they would not divert streamflow out of tne channel and down the road alignment if the crossing should fail or plug with debris.
3. In scheduling annual road maintenance, give high priority to road drainage problems that contribute to degrading riparian resources.
4. Do not allow sidecasting beyond roadway clearing limits within RMZs.
5. Schedule and conduct an ID team review of all forest roads to arrive at a DFC of the road network within respective watersheds. Prioritize roads for relocation and restoration or closure, based on the impact to riparian resources, the value of the riparian resources affected, and the need for each road. Systematically close and apply watershed restoration treatments based on this planning.
6. Implementation of maintenance level standards is necessary to protect riparian resources. Closed and restored roads should be configured for long-term drainage and stability.
7. Close temporary roads and landings that are no longer needed and restore them to productivity.
8. Designate sites for water drafting during project- level analysis, or as part of road maintenance or fire management planning. Design, construct, and main- tain water drafting sites so they would not de-stabi-
lize stream channels or contribute sediment to streams.
9. Use the necessary permits, easements, cooperative agreements, or any combination of the above, to assure that roads owned and operated by other landowners or entities meet the standards for riparian resource protection where they may affect National Forest riparian resources.
1 0. Roadside safety hazard trees may be felled within the RMZ. Removal of these trees may be allowed where adequate sources of woody debris still remains to meet riparian and other resource goals.
Range Management
1. Manage permitted livestock (cattle, sheep, pack- stock) within RMZs in accordance with the riparian area goals.
2. If annual monitoring of a grazing allotment indicates that riparian condition goals have not been met, use the annual operating plan to adjust grazing practices to eliminate the adverse effects to the riparian resources. If this is infeasible, consider putting the allotment into non-use status until it is determined that grazing practices can resume in a manner that would allow attainment of the riparian area goals.
3. To meet riparian area goals use a wide range of grazing management strategies including adjusting livestock numbers, season and length of use, or exclusion of livestock from the area,
4. The use of vegetation reference areas is strongly encouraged as a way to measure potential site productivity and stream channel morphology in the absence of grazing, as well as the condition of the ecosystem. Reference areas may include exclusion plots, larger exclosures, or other sites with a low disturbance history. They should be placed in areas representative of the vegetative community and stream channel types to be managed. Design ex- closures to exclude both wild and domestic ungu- lates (grazing animals) so that a forage use comparison may be made.
5. Locate new livestock handling facilities outside RMZs. For existing livestock handling facilities inside the RMZ, that are essential to the permittee opera- tions, apply proper use standards to meet riparian goals and mitigate damage to riparian resources. Where goals cannot be met, work with permittee to relocate facilities.
4-49
Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions Recreation Management
1 . Within riparian areas the location and construction of new OHV trails would be allowed only where necessary for crossings. Where construction within riparian areas is necessary, these crossings should be at least impact locations to avoid adverse effects on riparian resources. Evaluate existing OHV roads and trails within RMZs and relocate or eliminate those that are not compatible with riparian area goals. Design additional areas for snow-related OHV use as appropriate.
2. Development of recreation facilities within RMZs should be avoided unless no other suitable location is available and the facility would not prohibit attain- ment of riparian resource goals (i.e., construction adjacent to reservoirs). Recreation facilities within the 100-year flood plain would be guided by Execu- tive Orders 1 1 990 and 1 1 988 with any exceptions consistent with requirements of FSM 2527. Access facilities may be located within the riparian areas if they contribute to universal access requirements or are needed to meet management objectives (i.e., boat ramps, fishing platforms, viewing platforms, etc.).
3. Locate trails outside the RMZ where possible. Where trails are necessary within the RMZ, locate and con- struct them to minimize impacts to riparian depend- ent resources.
4. Monitor the impacts of dispersed or developed recreation activities in riparian areas. When riparian goals are not being met, consider a variety of management options to reduce impacts including education, use limits, and/or area closures.
5. Relocate or obliterate trails where continued use is incompatible with management objectives for riparian ecosystems. Accelerate maintenance where current use is causing adverse impacts to riparian resources.
6. Use design criteria that minimizes impacts to riparian resources for proposals that maintain and/or expand existing developed recreation facilities within RMZs.
Minerals Area Management
1. RMZs which may be adversely affected by a proposed minerals operation would be designated on the ground by an authorized Forest Service offi- cial.
2. Mining activities within a RMZ would be coordinated with appropriate State and Federal agencies (i.e., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS], California Department of Fish & Game [DFG], Army Corps of
Engineers, and the Bureau of Land Management [BLM]).
3. Require written authorization for mineral operations within a RMZ as part of the plan of operation, lease, sale contract, or permit. Notices of intent for mineral operations under 36 CFR 228 would not constitute authorization to operate within a RMZ.
4. Require a reclamation plan and bond adequate to carry out that plan for activities authorized within a RMZ. Chemically neutralize and revegetate process- ing sites within a RMZ. To the extent possible: stock- pile topsoil for reclamation use, restore natural topography, allow no more disturbance than can be reclaimed within the same operating season, and accomplish complete stabilization before the normal winter storm season begins. Use native or desirable non-native species where revegetation is prescribed.
5. Authorize only those mineral activities that are es- sential to the mineral operation within RMZs. Locate and authorize other related mineral activities (park- ing areas, equipment storage, etc.) outside the RMZ. Authorize no permanent structures or residential occupancy within any RMZ. Limit road development to the minimum that is reasonable and necessary for the authorized mining activity.
6. For plans of operation, contracts, leases, and permits authorizing mineral operations within RMZs: (1) re- quire exclusion of waste dumps; (2) require effective drainage control of both surface and subsurface waters; (3) require the control of leachates consis- tent with State and Federal standards; (4) prohibit the storage of toxic or hazardous materials; and (5) require the control of sediment from waste and settling ponds.
7. Prohibit oil, gas, and geothermal exploration and development activities within RMZs where contracts and leases do not already exist.
Fire/Fuels Management
1. Design fuel treatment and fire suppression strategies, practices and activities to meet desired condition goals for the riparian ecosystem and to minimize disturbance of riparian ground cover and vegetation.
2. Locate incident bases, Incident Command Posts, camps, helibases, staging areas, spike camps, helispots and other centers for incident activities outside of RMZs. Line officers may approve excep- tions if no other safe location exists. Full restoration would be required upon completion of fire suppres- sion activities as defined by the recovery team.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
3. Prohibit aerial application of chemical retardant, foam, or additives in RMZ 1 except when approved by the Incident Commander.
4. Do not construct dozer lines parallel to stream chan- nels or shorelines within RMZs. Extend dozer lines through RMZs perpendicular to the channel or shoreline where they are essential to safe control of the fire.
5. Design prescribed burn units/prescriptions for areas adjacent to RMZs, to exclude RMZ areas, except where riparian ecosystem management objectives would be enhanced through the use of fire.
6. Establish an emergency rehabilitation team to deter- mine the rehabilitation prescriptions needed to return riparian areas to desired conditions in the shortest time possible. This would be done if RMZs are adversely affected by a fire burning out of prescription.
7. Use minimum impact suppression methods in RMZs whenever possible.
Lands and Hydropower Development
1 . Recommend flows and habitat conditions that main- tain riparian resources and provide for channel main- tenance at levels which approximate favorable pre-project conditions for hydroelectric and other surface water development proposals. Coordinate with the DFC and the State Division of Water Rights regarding instream flow needs relating to fisheries, water quality, riparian vegetation, and channel in- tegrity.
2. Make written and timely recommendations to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to require flows and habitat conditions more favorable to maintaining riparian resources and channel main- tenance during relicensing of hydroelectric projects. Coordinate relicensing projects with the DFG.
3. Require flows and habitat conditions more favorable to maintaining riparian resources and channel con- ditions during re-issuance of special use permits, if the existing project has degraded these resources.
4. Where possible, locate facilities that are not required within the RMZ (such as control rooms, housing, temporary construction buildings, etc.) outside the RMZ. Facilities within the RMZ would be located to minimize effects on riparian resources.
5. When granting easements or other rights-of-way across National Forest lands to access private lands, apply the riparian standards and guidelines to pro-
vide the terms and conditions necessary to protect riparian resources.
Watershed and Habitat Restoration
1. Coordinate the planning, implementation, and monitoring of all watershed, fisheries, wildlife and other habitat restoration projects in riparian zones to ensure that they are integrated and all riparian resource objectives are addressed. Begin program- ming projects on a basin-wide scale to maximize benefits and increase the cost effectiveness of res- toration.
2. Identify and control the cause of riparian area degradation prior to initiating restoration projects.
3. Avoid activities that would disturb riparian values during critical low flow periods, or when warm water temperatures may result in adverse effects to fish. Discourage activities that may result in disturbance (fishing, swimming, project construction) by manag- ing road and trail access, through cooperative measures with the DFG and sharing information with the public.
4. Use directional felling to protect streambanks in cases where felling trees is used to benefit riparian dependent resources.
5. Use of heavy equipment within RMZs for riparian habitat restoration would be approved only after ID team review.
Key Watersheds
Key watersheds are those areas that provide aquatic and riparian habitat essential to the maintenance, recovery, or enhancement of identified anadromous fish popula- tions. In these key watersheds the potential affect upon the aquatic ecosystems would receive first priority in consideration of management alternatives.
The following key watersheds or key watershed areas have been proposed for the Shasta-Trinity National Forests:
1. Upper South Fork Trinity River (Hayfork Creek to Headwaters)
2. East Fork South Fork Trinity River (Mouth to Head- waters)
3. Lower Hayfork Creek (Mouth to 9-Mile Bridge)
4. Upper Trinity River (New River to North Fork Trinity) (Lewiston Weir to Lewiston Dam)
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
5. New River (Mouth to Virgin Creek)
6. Slide Creek (Mouth to Headwaters)
7. Virgin Creek
8. North Fork Trinity River (Mouth to Headwaters)
9. Canyon Creek (Mouth to Headwaters)
Each Forest will designate key watershed areas consider- ing the following goals and objectives:
Overall goals:
1. Provide habitat essential to the health of identified anadromous fish populations.
2. Aid in the recovery of anadromous fish populations identified as being at moderate to high risk of extinc- tion by the American Fisheries Society (Nehlsen et. al. 1991; Higgens et. al, 1992).
3= Maintain aquatic biodiversity of the riparian ecosys- tem.
Objectives towards reaching these goals include:
1 . Coordinate with the DFG to eliminate non-native fish stocking where such stocking could adversely affect native stocks and to reduce or eliminate direct im- pacts such as those resulting from over fishing and poaching.
2. Schedule and conduct an ID team review of forest roads to arrive at a DFC of the key watershed road network. Prioritize roads for relocation and restora- tion or closure, based on the impact to riparian resources, the value of the riparian resources af- fected, and the need for each road.
• Establish acceptable road densities based on watershed size, landscape stability and the ability of distinct topographic areas to deliver sediment to the stream. Where feasible, maintain road den- sities at or below established standards, and strive to eliminate roads in over-roaded areas.
• Evaluate existing crossings to see if they can handle 150-year flood flows. Where crossings do not meet the 150-year flood flow capacity, develop a program to upgrade those crossings or show through analysis that a lesser structure with
higher risk of failure would result in less habitat damage than the larger structure with less risk of failure.
• In fish-bearing streams design new road crossings to maintain a natural stream bottom. Existing low water crossings would be evaluated for impacts on aquatic resources and reconfigured as ap- propriate.
• Roads and landings that are not part of the transportation plan would be obliterated and res- tored to conditions where the riparian resource would be benefited. Needed non-system roads would be added to the system and properly main- tained.
3. Develop silvicultural prescriptions that are consis- tent with maintenance and/or improvement of the riparian values.
4. Encourage land acquisitions to consolidate inhold- ings. Where mixed ownership exists, encourage the development of Coordinated Resource Manage- ment Plans (CRMPs) or other cooperative agree- ments to protect the riparian values within key watersheds.
5. Recognize fire as a part of the key watershed ecosys- tem planning and management. Incorporate its natural role in maintaining biodiversity. Use prescribed fire where appropriate to maintain ecosystem function.
6. Common variety mineral extraction, except for channel or habitat restoration purposes, would not be permitted within RMZs subject to valid permitted rights.
7. Recommend to FERC that hydropower develop- ment not be approved within the key watersheds.
8. Mineral operating plans within key watersheds, that would further degrade the riparian resource, would require restoration and mitigation measures along with a performance bond sufficient enough to re- store the damaged area.
Key Watershed Standards and Guidelines
All activities would be evaluated to see if they meet the key watershed goals and objectives. Only activities that are consistent with meeting the overall goals and objec- tives of the key watersheds will be implemented.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
X. SPECIAL AREA MANAGEMENT
A. Objective
This prescription provides for protection and manage- ment of special interest areas (SIAs) and research natural areas (RNAs). Protection and management of associated amenity values, including unique plant, animal, and aquatic systems, would be consistent with special area objectives.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Research Natural Area Establishment and Manage- ment
• Special Interest Area Establishment and Manage- ment
Permitted
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
• Cultural Resource Management - Native American Sacred Places
• Fire Management
• Livestock Grazing
• Minerals Development (SIAs)
• Semi-Primitive N on-Motorized Recreation
• Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Trail Construction and Reconstruction
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Existing T&E Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription X Would Be Applied
This prescription applies to RNAs which are currently established or are proposed Forest candidates. These are areas which: (1) contribute to the preservation of ex- amples of all significant natural ecosystems for the pur- poses of research and ecological study; (2) provide genetic diversity (gene pools); and (3) protect, where appropriate, habitats of T&E (or sensitive) species of
plants and animals. This prescription also applies to
proposed SIAs.
D. Standards and Guidelines
1 . No natural fuels treatment or construction of shaded fuel breaks would be made within RNAs without appropiate planning and approval by the Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (PSW).
2. Wildfire suppression tactics would favor low impact techniques and minimize mechanical disturbance.
3. Allow off-highway vehicle (OHV) use on existing, designated roads only. Where no existing roads occur, prohibit OHV use. Close roads if necessary to maintain RNA and SIA values.
4. Management activities should be compatible with Semi-primitive N on-motorized Recreation Oppor- tunity Spectrum (ROS) guidelines.
5. Once RNAs have been classified by the Regional Forester, recommend that they be withdrawn from mineral location and leasing.
6. Permit livestock grazing in SIAs within established allotments as long as that use preserves and does not detract from the original values for which the area was established. Discontinue livestock grazing in RNAs.
7. Develop a management plan for each RNA and SIA to safeguard the particular values while encouraging intended uses.
8. Monitor the condition of each SIA annually and each RNA bi-annually.
9. Identify and give priority to projects based on special area evaluations. Identify objectives, audiences, messages, methods, and requirements for each. Prepare maps, brochures, and interpretive devices to explain special features and reduce area damage.
1 0. Management activities within RNAs should be com- patible with the objective of the establishment report and any guidelines developed by PSW.
11. Special use permits or cooperative agreements would be used to coordinate planned research activities within RNAs. These would be executed between the research proponent and Station Direc- tor, with review and approval by the District Ranger and Forest Supervisor. Permits for activities within designated or recommended wildernesses would be approved by the Regional Forester.
12. When possible, acquire private land within RNA and SIA boundaries.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
13. Manage to meet the designated VQO for the 14. Use this Prescription to help provide additional management area. habitat for fisher, marten, and goshawk.
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Chapter 4 - Management Prescriptions
XI. CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
A. Objective
The primary theme of this prescription is to protect designated cultural resource values, interpret significant archaeological and historical values for the public, and encourage scientific research of these selected proper- ties. Visual resources, water quality, wildlife habitat, and vegetation would be protected.
B. Management Practices
Emphasized
• Cultural Resource Management - Archaeological and Historical Sites
Permitted
• Habitat Management - Sensitive and Endemic Plants
• Integrated Pest Management
• Livestock Crazing
• Semi-Primitive Motorized Recreation
• Semi-Primitive N on-Motorized Recreation
• Soils and Water Improvement
• Streamside and Wetlands Management
• Vegetation Treatment by Burning
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Exisiting T&E Species
• Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
C. Description of Areas Where Prescription XI Would Be Applied
This prescription would be applied to areas that have been determined to be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and which have one or more of the following attributes:
• The site has known or potential scientific values that are highly important or unique and are con- ducive to long-term study.
• The site has a potential for interpretation of cul- tural resource values to Forest visitors.
• The site has cultural importance to Native Americans.
D. Standards and Guidelines
1 . Cultural resources would be protected primarily by locating trails and camp sites away from sensitive areas. Recreational activities and development would be limited in such a way that visitor use does not take place on or in the immediate vicinity of cultural resources, unless it is an interpretive activity.
2. Archaeological and ethnographic surveys would be designed to inventory the area so that all cultural resources are located and recorded.
3. All cultural resources associated with this prescrip- tion would have a protection plan that specifies the need for signing, patrolling, flagging, etc. Periodic monitoring of sites would also oe conducted, as needed, to determine success of protection efforts. (Refer to the Monitoring and Evaluation Require- ments in Chapter 5.)
4. Consult with Native Americans so that management direction can be developed for those areas having cultural importance.
5. Historic structures would be operated and main- tained in accordance with standards and guidelines issued by the Department of the Interior and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP). Appropriate programmatic agreements and treat- ment plans would be used whenever possible.
6. No new road or trail construction would be allowed unless approved by the Forest Supervisor. Reconstruction would be allowed only if adverse effects are not created.
7. Implement wildfire suppression strategies to provide the least possible adverse impacts on cultural resource values.
8. Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use would be prohibited.
9. Identify and give priority to projects based on inter- pretive plans. Prepare brochures and displays to explain cultural features and reduce area damage.
10. Management activities should be compatible with Semi-primitive Non-motorized or Semi-primitive Motorized Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) guidelines dependent on the level of interpretation proposed for the sites.
1 1 . Manage to meet the visual quality objectives (VQOs) of preservation, retention, and partial retention of the site and the immediate area.
4-55
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Shasta-Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
MANAGEMENT AREA DIRECTION
A Management Area is a contiguous unit of land of manageable proportions. The boundaries follow definite topographical lines where possible, and are consistent with specific boundaries (e.g., Ranger District boundaries).
The Shasta-Trinity National Forests are divided into 22 Management Areas with separate, distinct management direction in response to localized issues and resource opportunities. Management Area direction applies only to National Forest land, not private land.
The following information is included for each of the 22 Management Areas on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests:
Management Area Map - Shows the area boundary, general geographic features, public/private land, the road system, developed recreation sites, management prescription boundaries, etc.
Description - Describes the location, size, prominent features, terrain, watersheds, soil types, vegetation, wildlife, fire history, cultural resources, recreation, timber production, mining, and other uses.
Desired Future Condition - A statement of the desired future condition (DFC) is included for each management area. A DFC is a description of future resource, social, economic, and/or cultural elements. Implementation of this Plan will help direct management activities towards attaining these DFCs.
Management Prescriptions - Lists the number of acres allocated to each management prescription. Except for those areas which are dedicated to single purposes, such as Research Natural Areas (RNAs) or Wildernesses, most management areas consist of two or more management prescriptions.
Management Area Descriptions
Number Name of Management Area
Page
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 21 22
Porcupine Butte 4-61
McCloud Flats 4-67
Mt Shasta 4-73
Forest Wildernesses
Castle Crags 4-79
Chanchelulla 4-83
Mt. Shasta 4-87
Trinity Alps 4-91
Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel . . . . . 4-97
Parks-Eddy 4-101
Upper Trinity . . . 4-107
Weaverville / Lewiston 4-113
National Recreation Area 4-115
Slate-Delta . . . 4-129
McCloud River 4-133
4-139
4-143
4-147
Pit
Nosoni
Front
New River / North Fork / Canyon Creek 4-151
Trinity River 4-155
Corral Bottom 4-159
Hayfork Creek 4-163
Hayfork 4-167
Indian Valley / Rattlesnake ....... . . ... 4-171
South Fork Mountain . .... . . 4-175
Wildwood . . . ...... . . 4-181
Beegum .... 4-187
4-57
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1
Supplemental Management Direction - Lists additional direction (similar to standards and guidelines) unique to each management area. For example, the riparian area along the McCloud River is different from the riparian area alone the South Fork of the Trinity River. The McCloud has opportunities for management of a wild trout fishery, and the South Fork is managed primarily for anadromous fisheries.
The Forest-wide Standards and Guidelines (Section E of this chapter) are also part of the direction for each of the Management Areas described on the following pages.
NOTE: The acreages on the Management Area tables may not add up due to independent rounding.
4-58
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All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1
1 - Porcupine Butte
County: Siskiyou Ranger District: McCloud Elevation: 3,900 - 7,300 feet National Forest Land: 87,768 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Porcupine Butte Management Area (MA) lies in the northeastern edge of the Shasta National Forest and borders the Modoc National Forest. This MA overlies a portion of the Medicine Lake Volcano, classified by geologists as 'active.'
Physical Environment:
This MA was shaped by successive lava flows that originated from the base of the Medicine Lake Volcano. On much of the MA these flows have created moderately productive soils. The very recent giant crater lava flow, which covers much of the MA, exhibits a relatively barren landscape typified by lava fields, ice caves, craters, and lava tubes. An equal proportion of the MA is typified by frequent lava outcrops with small pockets of moderately productive soils. Average annual rainfall for this MA is 20 to 30 inches. There is no surface water and there is no drainage pattern. This MA includes a portion of the Glass Mountain Known Geothermal Resource Area.
Biological Environment:
The predominant timber types in this MA are ponderosa pine/bitterbrush associations at lower elevations and white fir forests at higher elevations. Western juniper, incense cedar and knobcone pine stands are very com- mon on recent lava flows. Mixed conifer stands in this MA include sugar pine, particularly on cinder cones where they commonly dominate the stand. Greenleaf manzanita, snowbrush, and bittercherry are common shrub species.
This MA supports an extensive summer range for deer and habitat for furbearers.
Sensitive Plants - The Forests' only population of talus collomia, a sensitive plant, occurs in this MA on Little Mt. Hoffman. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Timber management activities have been concentrated on the areas with productive soils. Deer hunting has been the largest single recreational pursuit. Two major power transmission corridors cross the MA. Fuel modification, to reduce wildfire damage, is evident. The prehistoric archaeological sites represent early obsidian gathering and hunting practices as well as early Native
American mobility and travel. The historic sites represent the McCloud River Lumber Company logging and rail- road operations.
Special Areas:
Unique volcanic features, such as the Giant Crater Lava Tube System, Deep Crater, Little Glass Mountain, Pumice Stone Mountain, Paint Pot Crater, and Spatter Cones, are proposed for classification as geologic Special Interest Areas (SI As).
Desired Future Condition
B
The forest landscape is more ecologically diverse than in the past. Immature stands have developed complex characteristics, including dead standing and down material, closed and multi-layered canopies, and open forage-producing areas. Mature stands are managed for old growth-dependent species. Downed logs, debris, and snag/recruitment components remain intact follow- ing harvest. Reforestation activities focus on stocking productive soils to achieve full stocking based upon a site's capability. Livestock and wildlife forage compatibly are achieved on summer range. Water sources continue to be an important consideration.
Large (40-100 acre) wildfires are continuing an historic pattern, that of adversely affecting portions of the MA. Lands where fuels have been modified present the best opportunity to reduce wildfire damage. Prescribed burn- ing and natural fire management is used to treat fuels and enhance wildlife habitat.
Manipulation of forest stands occurs primarily through thinning young, dense stands. Newly created openings vary in size and shape creating naturally occurring open- ings. The primary wood products being removed are biomass, wood chips, and small sawlogs. Mechanized harvesting is commonplace. Organic material has been left on newly harvested areas to provide for long-term forest productivity. A regulated, vigorous forest is the primary goal for management of lands allocated to tim- ber management. Stands are manipulated to sustain close to maximum productivity through stocking and species control, utilizing intensive cultural treatments, and protection from catastrophic loss.
Social activities consist primarily of hunting, firewood gathering, nonconsumptive wildlife viewing, and visits to interpretive sites. Vehicular access has been reduced and few new roads have been built. Visitors travelling the scenic byway are attracted to interpretive services at the geologic SIAs, lava tubes, caves, heritage awareness sites, and mature ponderosa pines.
The archaeological sites are protected through stabiliza- tion, fencing, and limiting public use. Because the prehis- toric sites in the Medicine Lake Highlands are important
4-61
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1
to broader research goals in Northern California con- cerning the use of Medicine Lake Highlands obsidian, speciaf emphasis is placed on long term thematic study of these sites.
Two large powerline corridors bisect the eastern portion of the MA, but they cannot be seen from major visitor routes. Geothermal power potential is recognized al- though development has not yet taken place.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-5 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-5
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 1
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
5,124 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
31,711 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered & Selected Sensitive Species |
4,737 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
38,484 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
2,032 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
5,485 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
195 |
|
Total |
87,768 |
Supplemental Management
D Direction
1. Pending development of a conservation strategy, protect the collomia population from road main- tenance operations and foot traffic.
2. Protect Grasshopper Flat as a cultural resource. Determine whether other areas along the obsidian flow south of Grasshopper Flat are prehistoric quar- ries. Define how these cultural resources will be managed. This will be done in consultation with the State Office of Historic Preservation.
3. Interpret archaeological sites in areas where visitors are already directed such as along the scenic byway and/or geologic special interest areas (SIAs).
4. Conduct a long term thematic study of the prehistoric archaeologicaF sites in the Medicine Lake Highlands.
Establish partnerships with Shasta College, California State University Chico, or other institutions.
5. Manage natural occurring openings of five acres or more for range and wildlife. Management of natural openings less than five acres will be determined on a site by site basis.
6. Manage for bitterbrush in selected areas mapped as Prescription VI (Wildlife Management) within this MA.
Areas with less than 30 percent conifer crown closure and with significant amounts of bitterbrush (greater than 500 plants/acre) will be managed primarily for bitterbrush production.
Areas with more than 60 percent conifer crown closure and without significant amounts of bit- terbrush (less than 500 plants/acre) will be managed primarily for timber production.
Areas with 30-60 percent conifer crown closure and with significant amounts of bitterbrush (500 or more pSants/acre) will have management activities designed to achieve optimal use of both the bit- terbrush and timber resources. This will usually result in an irregular pattern and/or mosaic of patches, clumps and/or stringers of bitterbrush inter- woven with timber stands, or vice versa. Specific areas will be designated for management of one of the two types, but not both, on the same area. The minimum sized stand to be managed for, in timber, is about one acre and, in bitterbrush, about one/tenth acre.
7. Allow fire to play its natural role in this MA through natural ignitions. Allow for prescribed natural fire where values at risk indicate confine suppression strategies and consumption of biomass meets future resource protection needs.
8. Maintain the existing and planned fuelbreak system to a level which will result in wildfires generally not exceeding 40 acres in size. Maintain fuel manage- ment investments and suppression resources capable of eliminating a single outage on the power- line system. Maintain a staffing capability that provides a 1 5 minute initial attack response for fires.
9. Plan for geothermal and common minerals develop- ment in coordination with the area's significant geologic and visual resource values.
1 0. Maintain Tilted Rock Lava Flow, Burnt Lava Flow, and Papoose Hill in their current conditions until they can be evaluated for suitability as SIAs.
4-62
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1
1 1 . Search for a suitable lodgepole pine Research Natural Area candidate.
12. Manage caves and lava tubes for increased visitor interpretation, sensitive habitat protection, and public safety. Monitor this use to determine if any environmental changes are occurring to the subsur- face resource.
13. Manage for old growth pine stands along the scenic byway and Powder Hill Road because they are an important component of the highly scenic, heavily used road to Medicine Lake.
14. Locate, develop, and maintain water sources, where necessary, for wildlife, domestic grazing, fire control, and road maintenance purposes.
15. Emphasize seasonal vehicle closures for wildlife management in the East McCloud Road Manage- ment Area. Reduce road density and rejuvenate browse to enhance big game species habitat.
1 6. Evaluate opportunities to enhance elk populations and habitat.
17. Emphasize maintenance and/or retention of existing hardwoods including aspen.
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4-64
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Manaeempnt Area Roundades I and Npf and intpdor delineations
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
Shasta -Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
2 - McCloud Flats
County: Siskiyou Ranger District: McCloud Elevation: 3,600 - 7,000 feet National Forest Land: 144,750 acres
Description
A
Location:
The McCloud Flats Management Area (MA) is bordered on the north by the Klamath National Forest and on the east by the Porcupine Butte MA (MA #1). It is located north and east of the community of McCloud.
Physical Environment:
The geography of this MA is characterized by level to gently sloping basalt flows, alluvial basins, escarpments, cinder cones and volcanic buttes. Soil productivity ran- ges from low to moderate on the level basalt flows to high on other landforms. Average annual precipitation is 30 to 40 inches. There is little surface water. Where streams exist, they flow into sinks and reappear as springs along the McCloud River.
Biological Environment:
This MA is dominated by white fir mixed conifer forest types. Red fir forests grow at the highest elevations, ponderosa pine/bitterbrush stands grow on recent lava flows, lodgepole pine stands occur in alluvial basins and black oak/Dougias-fir mixed conifer grows on gently sloping lava flows and escarpments. This MA has large openings, such as Dry Lake, Big Sand Flat, and White Deer Lake; there are also many small openings throughout the area.
The entire MA is deer summer range and black bear habitat. Sheephaven Creek, Swamp Creek, and Trout Creek support red band trout populations. There is also habitat for goshawks, spotted owls, and furbearers within the MA.
Sensitive Plants - Two sensitive plants grow in this MA: long-haired star-tulip and Salmon Mountains wakerobin. A third rare plant, Columbia cress, grows here as well. Columbia cress is not currently listed as Sensitive as of this writing but it has been proposed for addition to the Regional Forester's Sensitive Species list. Refer to Appen- dix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
This MA is highly suitable for timber, range, wildlife, and off-highway use. The area contains some of the most highly productive ponderosa pine stands in Northern California. McCloud Flats has contributed a significant portion of the Shasta Forest's harvest volume. A large
Chapter 4 - Management Area 2
portion of the Forest's active range allotments (sheep and cattle) are concentrated in this area. Flabitat manage- ment for the McCloud Flats deer herd, black bear, red- band trout, and spotted owls is an important consideration.
Special Areas:
A portion of this MA (3,115 acres) was formally classified as the Shasta Mud Flow Research Natural Area (RNA) in 1971.
Desired Future Condition
B
Forest management activities have created a diverse variety of habitats. While immature serai stages occur on over half of this MA, these areas are becoming more ecologically diverse as they develop complex habitat characteristics. These include dead standing and down material, closed and multi-storied canopies, and deformed trees suitable for raptor nesting. Much of the MA is being managed for old-growth dependent species. Habitat is being managed for several threatened, en- dangered or sensitive species, including northern spotted owls, goshawks, and various furbearers. To support elements of wildlife habitat, recently harvested lands are left with standing dead and other organic material. Reforested lands are occupied predominantly by ponderosa pine, but many species, such as white fir and incense cedar, are being included. Riparian and red band trout habitat continues to improve.
Roaded recreation opportunities abound. Several of the main visitor routes, such as Pilgrim Creek Road, Harris Springs Road, and Powder Hill Road, are surfaced. Road- less recreation activities are limited. The primary dis- persed recreation pursuits are deer hunting, nonconsumptive wildlife viewing, firewood gathering, and day use activities. Snowmobiling and cross-country skiing are popular winter activities.
The archaeological sites are protected through stabiliza- tion, fencing, and/or limiting public use. Monitoring of sites is emphasized in areas heavily impacted by dis- persed recreation activities. Because the McCloud River Lumber Company railroad logging system has been determined eligible to the National Register under local and state significance, special emphasis is placed on a long term thematic study of these sites.
Harvesting activities occur throughout the "Flats". Mechanical harvesting is used to thin immature stands. Clearcuts are sometimes established, but openings are small and dispersed. Snags, hardwoods, and manage- able clumps of trees are apparent within the openings. Biomass, sawlogs, firewood, wood chips, and other mis- cellaneous forest products are being removed.
4-67
Chapter 4 - Management Area 2
The forest landscape is a blend of intensively managed lands supporting many forest products and minimal to nonmanaged areas where natural processes are primari- ly responsible for the existing landscape character. Much of the area appears as a regulated mosaic of various size classes. Stands established during the 1 980s are maturing and are intermixed with older stands that have been thinned to maintain forest health and to control species diversity and stand composition. Newly created openings are relatively small, while existing natural openings offer scenic diversity as contrasted with forested areas. Most timber stands are still immature.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-6 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-6
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 2
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
5,625 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
177 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
13,110 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered & Selected Sensitive Species |
59,095 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
60,377 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
2,139 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
3,778 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
449 |
|
Total |
144,750 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Survey for additional populations of long-haired star tulip, Salmon Mountains wakerobin, and Columbia cress. Pending completion of conservation strategies, identify key habitat for the three plants and manage these areas for maintenance or enhance- ment of the species.
2. Implement a thematic study of the archaeological sites representing the McCloud River Lumber Com- pany operations. This study will answer research questions posed in the Determination of Eligibility of the McCloud Lumber Company Historic District. Pursue partnerships with Shasta College, California State University Chico, or other institutions.
3. Conduct an evaluation program at archaeological sites in heavily used dispersed recreation areas such as Trout Creek, Toad Well, Bear Springs, and Lost Springs. If sites are eligible for the National Register, carry out protection measures such as fencing and public education.
4. Develop a partnership with the Native American community at Coonrod Flat to emphasize the con- temporary Native American use of the area.
5. Evaluate and interpret the Military Pass Road for its cultural significance.
6. Manage the non-timbered portions of Coonrod Flat, Elk Flat, Big Sand Flat, Toad Lake, and Mud Creek Meadow as natural vegetation emphasizing wildlife, recreation, and/or range values.
7. Manage for bitterbrush in selected areas mapped as Prescription VI (Wildlife Management) within this MA.
Areas with less than 30 percent conifer crown closure and with significant amounts of bitterbrush (greater than 500 plants/acre) will be managed primarily for bitterbrush production.
Areas with more than 60 percent conifer crown closure and without significant amounts of bit- terbrush (less than 500 plants/acre) will be managed primarily for timber.
Areas with 30-60 percent conifer crown closure and with significant amounts of bitterbrush (500 or more plants/acre) will have management activities designed to achieve optimal use of bitterbrush and timber resources. This will usually result in an ir- regular pattern and/or mosaic of patches, clumps and/or stringers of bitterbrush intermingled with tim- ber stands or vice versa. Specific areas will be desig- nated for management of one of the two types, but not both, on the same area. The minimum size stand to be managed for, in timber, is about one acre and, in bitterbrush, about one/tenth acre.
Management objectives for selected bitterbrush stands are as follows:
a. Provide for an average of 800 bitterbrush plants per acre.
b. Average conifer canopy closures should not ex- ceed 30-40 percent.
c. Maintain a mix of age and condition classes.
8. Protect and enhance redband trout habitat in Trout, Sheephaven, Edson, and Swamp Creeks through
4-68
Chapter 4 - Management Area 2
implementation of riparian management standards, evaluation of watershed characteristics, and con- struction of instream habitat structures. This will be done in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Came (DFG). Pursue acquisition of private lands along these streams.
9. Continue to develop the adopt-a-watershed project with emphasis on Trout Creek. Emphasize partner- ships.
10. Pursue acquisition of private land within the Shasta Mud Flow RNA that is needed to fulfill research objectives.
11. Rehabilitate Atkins Meadow as part of a riparian restoration project.
12. Regulate the collection of edible mushrooms to a level compatible with sustaining a population.
13. Maintain Big Sand Flat in its current condition pend- ing evaluation of its suitability as a Special Interest Area.
14. Search for suitable candidates for knobcone pine and lodgepole pine RNAs.
15. Propose a goshawk network to link known nesting territories and provide for suitable habitat.
1 6. Develop forest stands that are resistant to epidemic insect or disease attack through stocking control, manipulation of species composition, and introduc- tion of tree improvement technology. Maintain and enhance a sustainable level of wood fiber production from regulated areas.
17. Evaluate the possibility of developing a Mt. Shasta scenic byway.
1 8. Locate, develop, and maintain water sources, where necessary, for wildlife, domestic grazing, fire control and road maintenance needs.
19. Evaluate opportunities to enhance elk populations and/or habitat management.
20. Consider expanding the East McCloud Road Management Area to emphasize seasonal vehicular closures for wildlife management. Reduce road den- sity and rejuvenate browse to enhance big game species habitat.
21. Maintain natural openings of five acres or more for range and wildlife. Management of natural openings less than five acres will be determined on a site-by- site basis.
22. Emphasize maintenance and/or retention of existing hardwoods, including aspen.
4-69
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4-70
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MANAGEMENT AREA 3
3 - Mt. Shasta Management Area
County: Siskiyou
Ranger Districts: McCloud/Mt. Shasta Elevation: 3,300 to 8,000 feet National Forest Land: 61,868 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Mt. Shasta Management Area (MA) lies north, east, and west of the towns of Mt. Shasta and McCloud. The MA is bordered by the Klamath National Forest to the north. Majestic Mt. Shasta, part of the Mt. Shasta Wilder- ness, is encircled by this MA.
Physical Environment:
Dominant features include 6,325 foot Black Butte, a volcanic plug dome, and 5,709 foot Everitt Hill, a shield volcano. Major topographic features are Signal Butte, McKenzie Butte, and Ash Creek which were formed by geologically-recent volcanic activity. The area contains lava flows, glacial melt streams from Mt. Shasta, and several mudflows. This MA lies within the Upper Mc- Cloud, Squaw Valley, Shasta River, and Upper Sacramento watersheds.
Biological Environment:
The dominant vegetation includes dense stands of evergreen and deciduous brush, mainly greenleaf man- zanita and bitterbrush. High elevations are dominated by pure stands of Shasta red fir. Other tree species include white fir, ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, knobcone pine, lodgepole pine, juniper, and mountain mahogany. This MA contains about 41,800 acres of suitable timber land. Mule deer, black-tailed deer, and pronghorn an- telope inhabit the area. Portions of this MA contain important deer winter range. All or portions of two category 2 and 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C-39, C-40) are located within this MA.
Sensitive Plants - Three sensitive plants occur in the MA, including two that have very restricted ranges; they only occur here and on adjacent lands. The latter are Cooke's phacelia, endemic to the Military Pass area on the north- east flank of Mt. Shasta, and pallid bird's beak, known from private and Shasta National Forest land in the vicinity of Black Butte. Potential habitat for three more sensitive plants can also be found in this MA. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Cattle grazing takes place on the Andesite allotment. The MA contains spring sources and intake and pipeline systems for the water supplies for McCloud and Mt. Shasta. Habitat management for the Miller Mountain
Chapter 4 - Management Area 3
and McCloud Flats deer herds and spotted owls is an important consideration. Maintaining diversity is also important. This MA receives year-long recreation use. The Sand Flat, Bunny Flat, and Panther Meadow areas are popular for people visiting Mt. Shasta. The former Mt. Shasta Ski Bowl serves as a take-off point for people climbing Mt. Shasta. Cross-country and downhill skiing are also popular here. The Mt. Shasta Ski Park, located primarily on private land, opened for business during the 1 985-86 season. A second ski area, to be located primari- ly on National Forest land, is being evaluated. Special interest and religious groups, hunters, campers, botanists, and geologists are also attracted to the area.
Special Areas:
Black Butte is recommended for designation as a geologic special interest area (SIA). The entire MA is recommended for designation as a scenic SIA.
Desired Future Condition
B
This MA forms a circle around the Mt. Shasta Wilderness and is managed predominantly for visual quality and recreational values. Activities include driving for pleasure, viewing Mt. Shasta, skiing, snowmobiling, sled- ding, hiking, camping and other activities centered on the spiritual and social aspects of the mountain.
With the exception of developed campgrounds, Forest Service facilities are meeting visitor demand. This need is balanced by campground facilities in the private sector. Quality nordic and alpine skiing is available on public and private lands. Although road access has not increased appreciably over the Fast ten years, several wilderness access roads are surfaced. Developed facilities including trails, campgrounds, warming huts, day use areas, park- ing areas and the new year-round visitor center have been designed with visual quality, resource protection and visitor distribution in mind. There is an active and ongoing signing program to designate, roads, trails, vis- tas, ana unique interest areas. Use has been dispersed from high use areas such as Panther Meadows, Sand Flat, and Bunny Flat, and restoration has taken place where resource damage had occurred. A balance of both roaded and roadless hunting opportunities is being main- tained.
Regulation of forest vegetation provides for a sustained yield of wood fiber and wildlife habitat. Thinning and salvage harvest has improved stand health and increased growth in many areas. The installation of numerous wildlife guzzlers in the late 1 980's and early 1990's has increased deer populations. These populations match the forage supply on the north and west slopes of Mt. Shasta. Bitterbrush and mountain mahogany stands have been retained and rejuvenated in prime deer winter habitat. The percentage of older, mature stands has increased since the 1980's. Small game and observable wildlife have also increased because of the increased
4-73
Chapter 4 - Management Area 3
water supply from guzzlers. The forage/cover ratio on the north side of the mountain is approaching the preferred ratio of 50:50 for deer herd management.
Visitors traveling on State Highways 89 and 97 and Interstate 5 can see a variety of vistas which are centered on Mt. Shasta. There are several age classes of trees, and species composition varies from ponderosa pine to pine and fir mixtures. The stands of Shasta red fir in the Sand Flat, Bunny Flat and Red Fir Flat areas are being managed for recreation and their natural qualities, consistent with the northern spotted owl habitat conservation area. These stands continue to thin themselves, and stands of young red fir are growing in the openings. Sensitive, threatened and endangered species populations are monitored and habitats are improving.
The converted brushfields of the 1 930's to present, and more recently harvested units, are established and ap- pear as dense, multi-storied stands. The lands adjacent to the urban areas of Weed, Mt. Shasta and McCloud have been managed to reduce the possibility of wildfires. Reductions in fuel loading and restrictions on visitor use are managed cooperatively with the cities, county, and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF). Firewodd and Christmas tree cutting continue to be popular activities in this area.
Archaeological sites are protected through stabilization, fencing, and/or limiting use. Monitoring is conducted at significant sites. Historic Forest Service/Civilian Conser- vation Corps sites, including the Mt. Shasta Ranger Dis- trict compound, are the focus of public interpretation. Special emphasis on the management of Panther Meadows as a significant historic site is instituted.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-7 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of prescriptions within the management area.
Table 4-7
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 3
Number Name Acres
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
1,210 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
53,240 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
143 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
46 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered & Selected Sensitive Species |
5,081 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
1,474 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
566 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
108 |
|
Total |
61,868 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Survey for Peck's lomatium in the Hotlum area. Survey for pumice moonwort in potentially suitable lodgepole pine habitat. Survey wetlands for adder's- tongue fern.
2. Pending completion of a conservation strategy for Wilkins' harebell, limit recreational impacts to the harebell in the Panther Creek area.
3. Conduct a long-term thematic study of the ar- chaeological sites representing the Weed Lumber Company Railroad Logging System. Assess the potential for long term scientific research and public interpretation, including the possible recreational use of the historic railroad grade.
4. Interpret the historic character of the Mt. Shasta Ranger District Office. Provide direction concerning structural restoration. Nominate the Mt. Shasta Ranger District compound for inclusion in the Nation- al Register of Historic Places.
5. Interpret the Everitt Memorial Highway and the Mud Creek Dam and Ditch for their cultural significance.
6. Develop and implement a management plan for Panther Meadows in partnership with the Native American community. The plan should emphasize the health of the meadow and its continued use by Native Americans.
7. In order to create a desirable mosaic of vegetation on the north and west sides of the area, continue the
74
program of brushfield conversion and reforestation in areas that are not prime deer habitat.
8. Manage for bitterbrush in Prescription VI lands and in areas within Prescription VIII.
Areas with less than 30 percent conifer crown closure and with significant amounts of bitterbrush (more than 500 plants/acre) will be managed primarily for bitterbrush production.
Areas with more than 60 percent conifer crown closure and without significant amounts of bit- terbrush will be managed primarily for timber.
Areas between 30-60 percent conifer crown closure and with significant amounts of bitterbrush (500 or more plants/acre) will have management activities designed to achieve optimal use of bitterbrush and timber resources. This will usually result in an ir- regular pattern and/or mosaic of patches, clumps or stringers of bitterbrush intermingled with timber or vice versa. The minimum size stand to be managed for, in timber, is about one acre and, in bitterbrush, about one/tenth acre.
9. Work with the cities, county and the CDF to em- phasize fire protection of structures and plantations along the urban interface.
10. To reduce the possibility of wildfire, restrictions will be used, when needed, to manage the plantations adjacent to Mt. Shasta City. Reduce human-caused ignitions from campfires, smoking and overnight camping.
11. Evaluate and prepare communication site plans for all electronic sites as needed.
12. Review options and develop winter OHV facilities. Coordinate this effort with the existing sites on ad- jacent National Forests and other lands to provide a cohesive network of trails and facilities.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 3
13. Study opportunities for winter sports including snow- mobiling, nordic and alpine skiing, and snow play. Designate appropriate roads as snowmobile and skiing routes.
14. Maintain winter OHV closure above Everitt Memorial Highway from Cascade Gulch to Panther Meadows. Maintain summer OHV closure in the Sand Flat area by restricting travel off the main Sand Flat Road. Maintain summer OHV closure in the upper ski bowl by restricting travel above the parking lot.
1 5. Monitor recreation use, minimize impacts, and re- store vegetation in high use areas such as Panther Meadow.
16. Establish a year-round visitor center along the 1-5 corridor. This center would provide the public with information and interpretation of surrounding areas.
1 7. Maintain McGinnis Springs/Wagon Camp in its cur- rent condition pending evaluation of its suitability as a SI A.
1 8. Search for a suitable lodgepole pine Research Natural Area candidate.
1 9. Coordinate management of pallid bird's-beak with Siskiyou County and adjacent private landowners.
20. Protect water quality of important domestic water sources at Intake, Bear, McBride, McGinnis, and Howard Springs as well as Squaw Valley Creek. Identify and develop water sources for road main- tenance, fire suppression, and wildfires.
21. Manage existing hardwood types to maintain or im- prove stand health and wildlife habitat.
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4 - 76
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Shasta-Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
MANAGEMENT AREA 4
FOREST WILDERNESS • CASTLE CRAGS
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
4 - Forest Wildernesses
Castle Crags Wilderness
Counties: Shasta/Siskiyou Ranger District: Mt. Shasta Elevation: 2,300 to 7,200 feet National Forest Land: 10,483 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Castle Crags Wilderness lies southwest of Dunsmuir just off Interstate 5. The southeast boundary of this Wilderness is shared with Castle Crags State Park.
Physical Environment:
The terrain in this Wilderness is characterized by out- standing and spectacular sheer granite cliffs and spires along an east-west ridge. Many small lakes and streams are found in the area.
Biological Environment:
Vegetation consists of large brushfields with scattered mixed conifers in the draws. There are large areas of unvegetated outcrops and bare ground.
Sensitive Plants - Two sensitive plants are known to occur in this MA, Castle Crags harebell and the newly described Klamath cinquefoil. Castle Crags ivesia, another new species, may also occur in this MA. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Castle Crags was designated as a Wilderness with the passage of the California Wilderness Act in 1984. It is used primarily by hikers and backpackers. The area is bisected in an east-west direction by the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT).
Desired Future Condition
B
The diorite and granodiorite cliffs of the crags provide high quality climbing opportunities for all experience levels. Information and education programs have been instituted to reduce climbing related accidents. In addi- tion to the spectacular cliffs of the crags themselves, the PCT leads to several alpine lakes where camping and fishing are popular. Water quality is very high at the springs in the area and good in the creeks and lakes. Very few of the creeks run above ground year-round, and water availability continues to limit use to those areas with abundant water.
Air quality is high and exceeds the Federal Air Quality standards for the Sacramento Air Basin. Visual quality is high within and around the Wilderness. The rugged slopes and difficult access keep disturbance to a mini- mum. The surrounding views include Mt. Shasta to the north, Trinity Alps to the west, and Mt. Lassen to the south.
Hiking and riding trails are well marked and well used. Trails are maintained and the Little Castle/Heart Lake trail has been improved. The parcel which holds this trail segment has been acquired. Fire hazards are managed according to the Wilderness Management Plan using natural and planned ignitions. This has allowed some fires to burn without large scale destruction.
Sites important to Native Americans, including the site of the Battle of Castle Crags, are interpreted for the public. Non-native American history is also interpreted.
Management Prescriptions
c
All 10,483 acres in this Wilderness are managed under Management Prescription V - Wilderness Management. This figure includes 1 0 acres of cultural resource manage- ment.
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Search appropriate habitat for Castle Crags ivesia. Coordinate management of the ivesia and the Castle Crags harebell with the State Parks Department.
2. Develop an interpretive plan that provides historical information on the significance of the Castle Crags for Native Americans. This Plan should also address the Battle of Castle Crags. Provide information on available Non-native American history.
3. Develop a fire plan for the area which uses planned and unplanned ignition to restore and maintain natural conditions. Upon implementation of this plan, maintaining air quality is an overriding con- sideration.
4. Acquire the Castle Lake parcel (Sec. 1 9, T39N., R4W).
5. Coordinate recreation plans, a Wilderness Manage- ment Plan, and resource management activities with Castle Crags State Park personnel.
6. Emphasize special recreational values and unique wildlife, fisheries, and riparian resources.
7. Develop trailhead facilities as described in the interim management plan for the PCT.
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4-80
MANAGEMENT AREA 4
FOREST WILDERNESS • CHANCHELULLA
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
Chanchelulla Wilderness
County: Trinity
Ranger Districts: Hayfork/Yolla Bolla Elevation: 3,200 to 6,400 feet National Forest Land: 7,800 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Chanchelulla Wilderness lies in rural Trinity County about 10 miles southeast of Hayfork.
Physical Environment:
Topography is moderate to steep, with 40 to 70 percent slopes. This Wilderness is within the Browns Creek and Hayfork watersheds. These watersheds contain several streams, which originate within 1.5 miles of the Wilder- ness boundary. What little water is available has good quality. The summit of Chanchelulla Peak has religious significance for Native Americans (Wintu Indians).
Biological Environment:
Vegetation consists of brushfields interspersed with pockets of conifers in the drainages on the south side of the main divide. The north side of the divide consists of mixed-conifer stands. The natural low flows of the local streams offer limited fishing opportunities. The area has favorable wildlife habitat, especially for deer. It also contains limited spotted owl habitat. Part of spotted owl habitat conservation area C-14 is within this area.
Sensitive Plants - Little is known about the area botani- cally, and no sensitive plant populations are docu- mented.
Management of the Area:
Chanchelulla was officially designated a Wilderness with the passage of the 1984 Wilderness Act. The area receives limited recreation use.
Desired Future Conditions
B
The landscape of this Wilderness has remained in a natural state, with subtle evidence of human interven- tion. Large areas without trails provide solitude for users.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
Management direction is consistent with the Chanchel- lula Wilderness Plan. The Wilderness Plan, developed in partnership with local Wintu Indians, reflects the sen- sitivity of the cultural resources issues for the area.
Interpretive plans for the area are effective in marketing the wilderness experience to relieve excessive use in adjacent wildernesses. Interpretation is also helping the public become aware of the opportunities provided by the wilderness - an essentially unmodified area.
Prehistoric and historic archaeological sites, which are located along the historic Deerlick Springs Trail, are interpreted. Prehistoric and historic archaeological sites are protected through stabilizing, patrolling and limiting public use.
Management Prescriptions
c
All 7,800 acres in this Wilderness are managed under Management Prescription V - Wilderness Management. This figure includes 40 acres of cultural resource manage- ment.
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Encourage botanical exploration of this area by botany students and the California Native Plant Society.
2. Develop a management plan for Chanchelulla Peak in partnership with the Native American community. The plan should emphasize contemporary Native American use of the area.
3. Develop a fire plan for the area which uses planned and unplanned ignition to restore and maintain natural conditions. Upon implementation of this plan, maintaining air quality is an overriding con- sideration.
4. Develop a Wilderness Management Plan.
5. Provide users with pamphlets pertaining to the his- tory and prehistory of the Wilderness.
6. Increase public awareness concerning the historic nature of the trail systems that are still in use today.
4-83
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4-84
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process
Trinity Alp. Wilderness lends administered by _ oihen Forests or Agencies,
Shasta-Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
Volla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness lands administered by other forests
only approximate at this scale
Management Area boundaries and land
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MANAGEMENT AREA 4
FOREST WILDERNESS • MT.
SHASTA
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
Mt Shasta Wilderness
County: Siskiyou
Ranger Districts: McCloud/Mt. Shasta Elevation: 8,000 to 14,162 feet National Forest Land: 38,560 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Mt. Shasta Wilderness surrounds Mt. Shasta from about the 8,000-foot level to its peak.
Physical Environment:
Formed by periodic volcanic activity over the last 1 00,000 years, Mt. Shasta and its surrounding lands display many unique geologic features. These include numerous lava flows, mud flows, five glaciers, and three major water- falls. Other unusual geologic features include Shastina, the smaller cone on the flank of Mt. Shasta, the Red Banks, and Thumb Rock. Terrain on Mt. Shasta is rugged and dissected. Slopes range from 20 to 40 percent at the lower elevations and between 55 and 65 percent higher on the mountain. This Wilderness is within the Upper McCloud, Squaw Valley, Shasta, and Sacramento water- sheds. Three major perennial streams and many inter- mittent streams originate high on the mountain slopes.
Biological Environment:
Low growing forbes and dwarf shrubs are scattered among the mixed-conifer forest. Older over-mature Shasta red fir is found below the 8,000-foot level.
Sensitive Plants - Two sensitive plants have been reported from the MA: Wilkins' harebell and northern daisy. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Mt. Shasta was officially designated a Wilderness with the passage of the California Wilderness Act of 1 984. The area is managed for yearlong recreation use. Photog- raphers and painters, both private and commercial, are attracted by its outstanding characteristics. The most significant historical feature is the Sierra Club alpine cabin which was built from native stones in 1922. Lo- cated on private land within the Wilderness boundary, the lodge serves as a stop-over point for many people climbing the south side of the mountain.
Special Areas:
In addition to its wilderness designation, Mt. Shasta is also a Recreation Area and a National Natural Historic Landmark. In 1926 the Secretary of Agriculture desig- nated the Mt. Shasta Recreation Area. Fifty years later, in 1 976, about 8,000 acres on the top of Mt. Shasta were classified as a National Natural Historic Landmark by the
Secretary of Interior. Some 1,640 acres have been proposed for inclusion in a Red Butte-Red Fir Ridge Re- search Natural Area (RNA). Mt. Shasta has retained its long-held religious significance as a focal point for Native American tribes in the region.
Desired Future Condition
B
At 14,162 feet, Mt. Shasta dominates the landscape. While most of the area is above treeline, large stands of Shasta red fir and whitebark pine grow at lower eleva- tions. With the exception of the Red Butte-Red Fir Ridge RNA this area is managed for wilderness goals.
Most climbers continue to use the historic route in Avalanche Gulch to reach the summit of Mt. Shasta. The rugged landscape and limited water continues to inhibit backcountry camping and recreation use.
The Mt. Shasta Wilderness Plan and the accompanying Environmental Impact Statement are in place. They have successfully distributed visitor use to minimize resource impacts and to provide solitude. Wilderness rangers are available year-round to provide information and answer questions. In addition, the Wilderness Plan has also addressed sensitive plant populations, fire management concerns, new and existing trail routes, interpretive needs and the management of the Red Butte-Red Fir Ridge RNA.
As an eligible property for the National Register of His- toric Places, the cultural and spiritual areas have been evaluated. Spiritual use and worship continue to be high. They are compatible with protection and restoration of this fragile alpine environment. Historic sites are inter- preted. Public use is limited and monitored at sites sacred to Native Americans.
Management Prescriptions
c
All 38,560 acres in this Wilderness are managed under Prescription V - Wilderness Management. This figure includes the proposed Red Butte-Red Fir Ridge RNA.
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Survey for additional populations of northern daisy.
2. Pending completion of a conservation strategy, protect Wilkins' harebell from recreational impacts in Squaw Creek meadows.
3. Develop an interpretive plan that will emphasize the importance of the mountain to Native Americans as well as its spiritual significance to Non-native Americans. Provide information on the cosmological
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Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
and spiritual aspects of the mountain as it relates to the many Native American groups who are as- sociated with it. Provide information on Non-native American historic aspects of the mountain including exploration, recreation, art, and science.
4. Search for a suitable lodgepole pine RNA candidate.
5. Complete and implement the Environmental Impact Statement and Wilderness Management Plan. The Plan would include the following;
• Provide visitor interpretation of the unique fea- tures of the mountain;
• Pending completion of a species management guide, protect Wilkins' harebell from recreation impacts in Squaw Creek Meadows; and
• Develop a fire plan for the area which uses planned and unplanned ignition to restore and maintain natural conditions.
4-88
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Shasta-Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
Portion of the Trinity Alps Wilderness Area administered by the Bureau of Land Management.
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
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Shasta -Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
Portion of the Trinity Alps Wilderness Area , administered by the Bureau of Land Management.
MANAGEMENT AREA 4
FOREST WILDERNESS • TRINITY ALPS
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Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
Trinity Alps Wilderness
County: Trinity
Ranger Districts: Big Bar/Weaverville Elevation: 2,000 to 9,000 feet National Forest Land: 405,128 acres
Description
A
Location:
The T rinity Alps Wilderness is located in portions of three National Forests -- the Shasta-Trinity, Klamath, and Six Rivers.
Physical Environment:
The eastern portion of the Alps (the "White or Red Trinities") is characterized by high granite peaks, alpine meadows, and mountain lakes. The rugged, timbered terrain on the west side of the Alps is known as the "Green Trinities." The high, rugged terrain which dominates the eastern portion makes this the most spectacular part of the Wilderness. Here Pleistocene glaciers carved valleys and created beautiful lake-filled basins. Sawtooth ridges, sharp peaks, ice-scoured domes, glacial moraines and grassy meadows can also be seen here. Unique geologic features include: Limestone Ridge, Manzanita Cave, and Soldier Creek Cave. Major peaks dominate the area; they are: Salmon Mountain, Potato Mountain, Cabin Peak, Thompson Peak, Tri-Forest Peak, Black Mountain, Red Rock Mountain, Sugar Pine Butte, and Ycatapom Peak.
Remnants of early-day mining activity are scattered throughout the Wilderness. Old ditches, adits, equip- ment, and structures are widely dispersed and substan- tially unnoticeable.
Many lakes are found in the eastern and central portions of this Wilderness; the most predominate are Canyon Creek, Granite, Papoose, Mirror, Sapphire, and Emerald. The area is dissected from north to south by tributaries of the Trinity River, many of which are important to anadromous fisheries. The most prominent drainages are Virgin Creek, Slide Creek, East Fork of New River, Upper Big French Creek, North Fork Trinity River, Rattle- snake Creek, East Fork of the North Fork Trinity River, Upper Canyon Creek, Stuart Fork, Swift Creek, and Upper Salmon River. The northeastern portion of the Wilderness is within the Coffee Creek watershed.
Climate is moderate, but varies considerably with al- titude. Annual precipitation is 60-70 inches with much of it occurring as snow. A few permanent snowfields are found on north-facing slopes at higher elevations.
Biological Environment:
In some of the higher glaciated areas, where bedrock has been scoured by ice, there are few trees surviving on thin and poorly developed soils. Pine, fir, cedar, spruce, and other evergreens predominate above 4,000 feet. Oak, laurel (or bay), maple, madrone, and other hardwood trees grow on the lower slopes. On many south-facing slopes, especially in the areas which have burned, there is dense manzanita, scrub oak, and other types of brush. A variety of grasses and flowers flourish throughout the area, particularly in the high meadows.
A wide variety of wildlife is found in this Wilderness. The mountain lakes are stocked with brook, rainbow, and German brown trout. The area also provides habitat for steelhead and salmon populations. It contains good habitat for deer, bear, goshawk, wolverine, pine marten and fisher. Parts of five category 1 and 2 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (HCAs) (C-11, C-29, C-30, C-32, C-33,) are within this area.
Sensitive Plants - This MA is very diverse botanically and includes populations of 1 1 sensitive plant species which are concentrated in riparian areas, rock outcrops, and on ultramafic soils. Tracy's penstemon is endemic to this MA. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
With the passage of the California Wilderness Act in 1984, the Salmon-Trinity Alps Primitive Area became known as the Trinity Alps Wilderness. The area is fre- quented by hikers, hunters, campers, fishermen, and equestrians. Slightly more than 254 miles of hiker/equestrian trails are maintained for recreation use. About 19 miles of the Pacific Crest Trail pass through the area. Within the Wilderness is a three-mile segment of New River which is a component of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. An additional 11 miles of Virgin Creek and 12 miles of the North Fork Trinity are proposed for addition to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The Wilderness contains portions of many grazing allotments. The Big Bar, Trinity Alps, Swift Creek, Trinity River, and Battle Canyon allotments are administered by the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. (The Trinity Alps and Swift Creek Allotments are in an inactive status and will not be reactivated during this planning period). An additional five allotments are located along the Trinity Divide and are administered by the Klamath National Forest. Seasonal mining takes place in portions of the Wilderness. Wildlife and fisheries are important considerations in the management of this area.
Special Areas:
Three areas have been proposed for establishment as Research Natural Areas (RNAs): (1) Stuart Fork (1,500 acres); (2) Preacher Meadows (1,850 acres); and (3) Manzanita Creek (7,250 acres).
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Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
Desired Future Condition
B
The T rinity Alps Wilderness is a mix of landscapes ranging from low elevation chaparral and mixed conifer forests to scenic alpine areas. Evidence of human activity is scarce. The trail system accesses the area, however, most of the landbase is accessible only by cross-country travel. Visitors can view wildlife, vegetation, virgin stands of old growth, large granite features, lakes, and streams. Events such as wildfires and naturally-caused vegetative disturbances are occasionally apparent but do not dominate the landscape. Air and water resources are of very high quality.
Ground disturbing management activities are limited to those specifically approved in the Wilderness Manage- ment Plan. Evidences of human activity remain apparent where culturally significant sites occur. There is limited evidence of historical uses in areas that were inhabited from the 1 850s to the 1 930s. Approved range and mining activities continue and are reasonably compatible with wilderness values. Administrative presence that existed prior to the wilderness designation is evident.
Wilderness education programs have raised visitor awareness concerning human refuse. As a result, the levels of refuse within the wilderness have been sig- nificantly reduced from those of 1 980's.
The Trinity Alps trail system has a variety of maintenance levels. High standard trails exist where public demand is highest. Other trails are maintained at differing, lower standards to accommodate more primitive, less used areas.
Cultural resources are inventoried and interpreted. Sig- nificant historical sites are retained and periodically main- tained to preserve interpretative qualities for wilderness visitors. Non-significant sites are either rehabilitated or left to natural processes of deterioration.
Wilderness patrol is provided at a level commensurate with public use, the need for protection of the Wilder- ness, and safety of the users.
Fisheries management consists of providing a fishing experience to sportsmen. Modifications for fishery habitat are considered only for threatened or en- dangered species. Artifical planting of hatchery reared trout in high mountain lakes continues under the juris- diction of the California Department of Fish and Came (DFC).
A variety of wildlife habitat is available to support in- digenous species. Wildlife species are present at levels that represent the natural state.
Active mining claims are administered to minimize im- pacts. There is an approved Plan of Operations for each active claim. Only mining claims which have passed a mineral exam, or prior rights determination, remain ac- tive.
Crazing allotments are administered and monitored to eliminate impacts. Allotment Management Plans are updated and followed.
Resource inventory is performed periodically to ensure that impacts remain within the acceptable limits. Where the acceptable limits are exceeded, mitigation is in- stituted immediately.
All special uses are administered to maintain the environ- mental quality of the wilderness resource.
Search and rescue actions are coordinated with local agencies to ensure that all personnel involved are aware of the management emphasis specific to wilderness. Search and rescue operations are performed in a manner consistent with other wilderness uses/restrictions.
Fire management is prescriptive, allowing wildfire to per- form its ecological function within defined parameters.
All inholdings have been acquired; this reduces the presence of nonconforming uses within the Wilderness boundary.
Management Prescriptions
c
All 405,128 acres in this Wilderness are in Management Prescription V - Wilderness Management. This figure includes proposed RNAs, Wild and Scenic River seg- ments, and cultural resource management.
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Inventory the cultural resources found within the Wilderness and include them in the Forests' inventory for evaluation of significance. Identify those cultural resources that are eligible for inclusion in the Federal Register of Historic Places and prepare preliminary management plans for them.
2. Interpret the designated historic sites in the Wilder- ness by using off-site (outside the Wilderness) inter- pretations.
3. Where possible, within Wilderness management guidelines, maintain or improve anadromous fish habitat in the New River, Canyon Creek, the North Fork and their tributaries.
4-92
4. Develop a fire management plan which uses planned and unplanned ignition to restore and maintain natural conditions. When implementing this plan, maintaining air quality is an overriding consideration.
5. Determine pre-existing valid mineral rights for all mining claims. For those claims determined to have valid rights prior to Wilderness establishment, and upon receipt of a request for an operating plan, work with the claimant to design an economical operation consistent with wilderness values. Operating plans cannot be approved prior to determination of pre-ex- isting valid rights.
6. Manage the grazing allotments so that they will not create erosion problems or cause over use of the forage resource or deterioration of riparian habitat.
7. Search for suitable candidates for dry subalpine meadow, fen, and montane freshwater marsh RNAs.
8. Incorporate protection of sensitive plants into the Trinity Alps Wilderness Plan.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
9. Protect the domestic water supply for Grasshopper Flat.
1 0. Subsequent to designation by Congress, prepare a Wild/Scenic/Recreation River Management Plan for National Forest lands within the proposed corridors of Virgin Creek, the North Fork Trinity River, and the existing Wild and Scenic New River corridor.
11. Develop a Wilderness Management Plan which defines the future protection and management of this diverse area.
12. Within Wilderness guidelines emphasize wildlife management within key wildlife areas and spotted owl HCAs.
13. Assess the opportunity for reintroduction of the Roosevelt elk in cooperation with the the California Department of Fish and Game.
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4-94
Volta Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness lands administered by other forests
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Shasta -Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
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FOREST WILDERNESS YOLLA BOLLY-MIDDLE EEL
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness
Counties: Tehama/Trinity Ranger District: Yolla Bolla Elevation: 2,600 to 7,863 feet National Forest Land: 36,805 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness lies within the boundaries of the Mendocino, Six Rivers, and Shasta- Trinity National Forests.
Physical Environment:
Within the Shasta-Trinity National Forests, topography is generally moderate although Devils Hole and Buck Creek are extremely rugged. The area is drained by tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River and Cotton- wood Creek. Black Rock and North Yolla Bolla Lakes are the only lakes within the Wilderness that offer fishing and camping opportunities. The headwaters of the South Fork Trinity River begin here.
Biological Environment:
Vegetation at low elevations consists of pine-oak, oak- woodland, chamise-chaparral and, at mid-elevations, mixed conifer types. The upper elevations are covered with true fir stands interspersed with high elevation glades. Western white and fox tail pines grow in limited amounts. The spotted owl habitat conservation area C-15 is within this Wilderness. This area also provides good habitat for deer, black bear, pileated woodpecker, goshawk, pine marten, and fisher.
Sensitive Plants - This MA is poorly known botanical ly but may have potentially suitable habitat for several sensitive plants.
Management of the Area:
The Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness was formally designated as a Wilderness in 1964 with additions under the 1984 Wilderness Act. A short segment of the South Fork Trinity River is proposed as an addition to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Managing wildlife is an important consideration.
Desired Future Condition
B
This Wilderness is located in a Class I Federal airshed, subject to Section 169A of the Clean Air Act. It is governed by EPA regulations to assure progress toward the Congressionally declared goal of; ..."the prevention of any future, and the remedying of any existing, impair- ment of visibility in mandatory Class I Federal areas in which impairment results from manmade air pollution".
Working together personnel of the Mendocino and Shas- ta-Trinity National Forests continue to gather baseline data on air quality to monitor the achievement of Class I standards for this Wilderness.
The fire management plan addresses confine, contain, and control suppression strategies. Topography and natural barriers are used to minimize the impact on wildfire suppression tactics.
Stream fishing is limited to early summer, because many of the streams are intermittent and disappear by August. Big game, blacktail deer, and black bear range during summer. Deer are plentiful in the Wilderness. Small game species include mountain quail, grouse, and tree squirrels. Predators and raptors include mountain lions, bobcats, coyotes, and golden eagles.
Camping and big game hunting are the major recreation activities in this Wilderness. There is concentrated recreation use at Black Rock Lake, North Yolla Bolla Lake, Tomhead Saddle, and East Low Gap. The lakes are popular for hiking and horseback riding. Adverse im- pacts resulting from concentrated recreation activities, hiking, camping, and equestrian use are subsiding be- cause of an effective Wilderness Management Plan and routine backcountry patrols. Limited water availability continues to inhibit widespread backcountry camping.
There are few signs of people except on trails, around lakes, and in camping areas. The degree and amount of grandeur and scenic splendor typical to many areas is limited in this Wilderness. Only a trace of alpine scenery exists. Virgin stands of native forest are found at the middle elevations. Many interesting and unusual shrubs and herbs grow in the Wilderness.
Management Prescriptions
c
All 36,805 acres in this Wilderness are managed under Management Prescription V - Wilderness Management.
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Protect air quality of this Class I area in accordance with the Clean Air Act. Determine sensitive in- dicators for monitoring.
2. Conduct a botanical survey of ultramafic areas for Peanut sandwort and Howell's Ssnanthus. Search upper elevation glade margins for clustered green gentian.
3. Remove the lookout and related improvements from Black Rock Peak for safety reasons. Mitigate any
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Chapter 4 - Management Area 4
adverse effects to historic values prior to removing the lookout.
4. Develop a fire management plan which uses planned and unplanned ignition to restore and maintain natural conditions. When implementing this plan, maintaining air quality is an overriding consideration.
5. Look for an opportunity to propose a Red Fir Research Natural Area (RNA).
6. Subsequent to designation by Congress, prepare a Wild/Scenic/Recreation River Management Plan for National Forest lands within the proposed corridors of the South Fork Trinity River.
7. Refer to the Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness Management Plan for further direction.
8. Assess the opportunity for the reintroduction of Roosevelt elk in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Came.
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5
MANAGEMENT AREA 5
5 - Parks-Eddy
Counties: Shasta/Siskiyou Ranger District: Mt. Shasta Elevation: 3,000 to 9,000 feet National Forest Land: 70,810 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Parks-Eddy Management Area (MA) is located in the Klamath Mountains immediately west of Mt. Shasta City. The area is bordered on the northwest by the Klamath National Forest, the Trinity Divide, and the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT).
Physical Environment:
This mountainous MA includes the headwaters of the Sacramento River, Dale Creek, Eddy Creek, and Parks Creek. Dominant features are Mt. Eddy (9,025 feet), and the Upper Sacramento River (South, Middle, and North Forks). Many alpine lakes are present near the PCT and the Trinity Divide along the western boundary. Castle Lake is one of the largest and deepest alpine lakes in the area. Little Castle Creek provides water to the com- munity of Craigview for domestic use . The area is within the Willows, Parks, South Fork Sacramento, and Upper Sacramento watersheds. Soils in the MA are usually mixed ultramafic basil intrusive and granitic types which have a high erodibility, low to non-plantable site and high landslide potential.
Biological Environment:
Vegetation is generally mixed-conifer and evergreen brushfields. The wide variety of conifer tree species in- cludes: mountain hemlock, foxtail pine, whitebark pine, Port-Orford cedar, and Shasta red fir. This MA contains about 43,400 acres of suitable timber land. Three category 2 and 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C-35, C-36, C-37) are located within this MA. Good habitat exists for deer, black bear, goshawks, and resi- dent coldwater fisheries.
Sensitive Plants - Mt. Eddy is one of the outstanding botanical attractions on the Forests. In addition to its high degree of diversity, it supports populations of eight sensitive plants, most of them serpentine endemics. Trinity buckwheat, listed by the State of California as endangered, is concentrated in this MA. Refer to Appen- dix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
The MA offers a variety of resource opportunities. Much of the past use has centered on mining and logging. Timber harvesting occurs on both public and private lands. In addition, there are outstanding recreation op-
Chapter 4 - Management Area 5
portunities. National Forest lands surrounding Toad Lake are closed to off-highway vehicles thus providing excel- lent back-country dispersed recreation activities. The Sisson-Callahan National Recreation Trail (NRT) follows the North Fork of the Sacramento River through this MA. The PCT traverses the Trinity Divide with several access points. A portion of the Sacramento River below the Box Canyon Dam is being recommended for inclusion in the State Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The West Parks, Eddy, and portions of the Bear Creek and South Fork grazing allotments are located in this area. There is a past history of beatable mineral activity. Mineral exploration is a continuing activity with the potential for development of active extraction of the resource. Habitat management for the Klamath deer herd, black bear, spotted owls, and resident coldwater fisheries is an important resource activity. Maintaining diversity is also important.
Special Areas:
Research Natural Areas (RNAs) are recommended for the Cedar Basin (1,160 acres) and the Mt. Eddy area (890 acres). China Mountain and Toad Lake are recom- mended for designation as botanical Special Interest Areas (SIA).
Desired Future Condition
B
Forest vegetation in the area appears as a wide mosaic of age classes with older stages emphasized in the old growth dependent wildlife habitat areas. Sensitive riparian drainages and meadows have been protected and enhanced where needed. Fisheries are still limited due to stream size but waterways provide high quality aquatic habitats.
Recreation is primarily dispersed and includes hunting, fishing, camping, hiking, mountain biking, photography, snowmobiling, skiing and sightseeing. Forest Road 17 over the Parks Creek summit has been designated as part of a scenic byway. The PCT and the historic Sisson-Cal- lahan National Recreation Trail (NRT) traverse this area; visitor use on these trails is increasing. The trails are well maintained and signed, and interpretive material is avail- able at the District Offices. This material discusses the trails, their development, and the scenic vistas and fea- tures along each. In addition, the many alpine lakes on the western half of the area have been linked through a series of roads and trails.
Dispersed campsites are monitored for resource impacts, and closures are used where needed to allow for revegetation. Developed camping facilities complement the developments on surrounding private lands, includ- ing Lake Siskiyou. Traditionally high visitor use of Castle and Gumboot lakes has been dispersed to other areas while these campgrounds have been improved to protect them from visitor impacts. Interpretive trails have been developed to highlight features unique to this manage- ment area.
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Chapter 4 - Management Area 5
Roads are evaluated on a regular basis to determine treatment needs based on recreation, wildlife, water quality and visual quality objectives. Fire danger and fuel loading have been managed and reduced along the urban interface with the towns of Mt. Shasta and Dunsmuir, as well as along Interstate 5 and the Southern Pacific railroad. This action is a cooperative effort with the cities and county. Cultural features in this area have been identified and evaluated for significance. The his- tory and importance of the area for transportation, log- ging and mining has been interpreted for visitors at developed recreation sites.
Properties surrounding the summit of Mt. Eddy have been acquired and now provide a high quality back- country experience for hikers, campers and skiiers. The Upper Sacramento River above Lake Siskiyou continues to receive high use but is managed to protect the soil and water quality for wildlife and domestic use.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-8 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of prescriptions within the management area.
Table 4-8
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 5
Number Name Acres
I Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. 8,393
II Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. 629
I I I Roaded Recreation 1 9, 1 1 7
IV Roaded, High Density Rec. 189
VI Wildlife Habitat Management 4,471
VII Threatened, Endangered & 34,420
Selected Sensitive Species
IX Riparian Management 885
X Special Area Management 2,561
XI Cultural Resource Management 145
Total 70,810
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Develop and implement a management plan for standing historic structures including a supplemental management plan for Mt. Bradley lookout. Provide stabilization and protection where necessary.
2. Conduct additional inventories and evaluations to identify significant prehistoric sites. Develop a re- search design that will address important questions regarding prehistory on a local and regional level.
3. Emphasize alpine lakes fisheries management through increased trail access and habitat improve- ment projects.
4. Dispose of lands heavily encumbered by long-term use.
5. Acquire private lands around high value recreation areas.
6. Evaluate the potential to acquire private lands ad- jacent to Castle Crags in T39N., R4W Sections 29 and 33 and in T38N., R4W Section 3. Develop new access points and emphasize non-wilderness climb- ing opportunities on these lands if acquired.
7. Acquire inholdings on the north side of Mt. Eddy to allow expansion of the RNA boundary.
8. Develop an interpretive plan to provide historic infor- mation for recreational trail users.
9. Conduct inventories and site evaluations on historic mining sites to better understand the range of site types present and the potential for scientific research and public interpretation.
10. Develop public access points to the Sacramento River.
1 1 . Consider impacts to traditional recreation uses of the Sisson-Callahan NRT when planning projects in the vicinity of the trail.
12. Maintain and improve access to dispersed recreation sites including access along the South Fork Sacramento River.
13. Maintain Dobkins/Durney Lake Basin in its current condition pending evaluation of its suitability as a SIA.
14. Search for RNA candidates for dry subalpine meadow, fen, and montane freshwater marsh tar- gets.
1 5. Evaluate the effects of grazing on sensitive plants and botanical diversity. Implement plans to mitigate these effects. Consider reducing grazing allotments if necessary.
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16. Perform a Port-Orford cedar risk analysis for any planned management activities in areas with that species. Implement appropriate mitigation measures to prevent the introduction of Phytoph- thora lateralis, the cause of Port-Orford cedar root disease.
17. Plan activities in the Little Castle Creek watershed so that water quality will be protected for domestic use.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 5
18. Emphasize fishing and hunting over non-game aspects of fish and wildlife management.
19. Maintain and/or improve selected habitats for deer, bear, goshawks and spotted owls.
20. Assess the opportunity for reintroduction of Roosevelt elk in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Came.
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4 - 104
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of Management Area, are excluded from the plann
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Shasta-Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
Yolla Bollv-Middle Eel ■. Wilderness lands administered by other forests
• Management Area boundaries and land net are only approximate at this scale
MANAGEMENT AREA 6
UPPER TRINITY
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
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All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
SCALE
_ _ Shasta -Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
MANAGEMENT AREA 6
UPPER TRINITY
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
6 - Upper Trinity
Counties: Shasta/Siskiyou Ranger Districts: Mt. Shasta/Weaverville Elevation: 2,400 to 9,000 feet National Forest Land: 72,928 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Upper Trinity Management Area (MA) is located in the Klamath Mountains west of the Trinity Divide and east of the Trinity Alps. The northern boundary is com- mon with the Klamath National Forest. The southern boundary follows the ridge between Cozem Peak, Bonanza King Peak, the northern boundary of the Whis- keytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area, and up the Coffee Creek corridor.
Physical Environment:
The area is characterized by steep, mountainous terrain. Prominent features are the Upper Trinity River, the East Fork of the Trinity River, Mt. Eddy, and Bonanza King Peak. There are numerous alpine lakes and mountain meadows. The area is within the Upper Trinity, East Fork T rinity and Coffee Creek watersheds. Geology within the Upper Trinity MA is mixed ultramafic (serpentine) and granitic rock. Soils derived from these rock types present a host of management concerns due to high erodibility, low to non-plantable site, and high landslide potential.
Biological Environment:
Vegetation is generally mixed conifer and evergreen brush at lower elevations, with true fir and lodgepole pine at the higher levels. This MA contains 51,153 acres of suitable timber land. The area provides summer deer range and habitat for a variety of wildlife species. All or part of three category 2 and 3 spotted owl habitat con- servation areas (C-32, C-33, C-34) are located within this MA. There is also some resident coldwater fisheries habitat here.
Sensitive Plants - This MA is botanically very diverse because it includes a large proportion of wet to mesic ultramafic areas. Nine sensitive plants are known to occur in the area. In addition to sensitive species, this MA is rich in wet ultramafic plant communities, especially Darlingtonia seeps. The latter are exceptionally diverse botanically and provide spectacular wildflower displays over a long blooming season. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
The MA offers a variety of resource opportunities. Much of the area has been accessed by roads for timber har- vest. National Forest land surrounding Dead Fall Lakes
Chapter 4 - Management Area 6
is closed to off-highway vehicles, thus providing excellent backcountry dispersed recreation activities. Alpine lakes and trails attract a moderate amount of recreation use. Portions of the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) and the Sisson- Callahan National Recreation Trail are also located here. Hunters and fishermen frequent the area. A moderate amount of exploration and mining for gold occurs. Por- tions of the Bear Creek, South Fork-Highland and Trinity River range allotments are in this MA. Small portions of several grazing allotments along the northern boundary of the area are administered by the Klamath National Forest. Habitat management for the Klamath and Weaverville deer herds and spotted owls is an important option. Maintaining diversity is also important.
Special Areas:
China Mountain, Cory Peak, Deadfall Basin, Kangaroo Ridge, and Scott Mountain are recommended for desig- nation as botanical Special Interest Areas (SIAs).
Desired Future Condition
B
The U pper T rinity MA displays dramatic ecosystem diver- sity and provides a variety of recreational opportunities. Fisheries are an important resource; they are managed by providing quality riparian habitat. Monitoring the impacts of management activities, the levels of recrea- tional use, and the general forest health is critical to the continued success of management practices.
The landscape varies considerably in this MA.
Timber harvest includes all silvicultural methods and provides a steady supply of wood products. Thinning and salvage logging have improved stand health and increased growth in many areas.
Riparian corridors thrive along the Upper Trinity River, the East Fork of Trinity River, and Coffee Creek. Forested areas range from young plantations to old growth stands, primarily mixed conifer. True fir and lodgepole pine stands grow at higher elevations. The creeks and forest stands, along with brushfields, mountain meadows and alpine lakes provide a wide variety of recreational oppor- tunities and wildlife habitats. Port-Orford cedar, found primarily along stream courses, remains healthy and free of the root disease that threatens this species in areas to the north.
This MA is noted for its botanical diversity. The ultra- mafic soil type supports several sensitive plant species. These populations have been identified and mapped and favorable habitat is created through management ac- tivities. Many streams and creeks feed into the upper Trinity River which transects the area from north to south. Mining practices modified the riparian habitat along much of this river in the past, and revegetation efforts are underway.
4 - 107
Chapter 4 - Management Area 6
Populations of numerous sensitive plant species are thriv- ing. Public access provides recreational opportunities along Coffee Creek and the Upper Trinity River. The fisheries resource has improved as a result of habitat improvement projects.
Wildlife populations, includingthe resident deer herd and the northern spotted owl, are healthy and stable. Water quality is high in all rivers and tributaries. Cold water fisheries are being improved along the Trinity River. Dis- persed recreation activities include fishing, hunting, camping, snowmobiling, hiking, backpacking and skiing. These activities are concentrated mostly along the water- ways and alpine lakes and meadows. Visual quality is high along travel corridors and at popular recreation sites. The Deadfall Lakes area continues to be a popular destination for recreationists. Improved trails, roads, and signs have helped to distribute this use to other areas.
Land management corridors have been established along the Upper Trinity River and Coffee Creek. Cadastral surveys have established accurate land lines in the Coffee Creek area. Efforts to acquire privately- owned lands within the corridors have been successful. Public access to the Upper Trinity River and Coffee Creek provides recreational opportunities such as fishing, swimming, and rafting.
Monitoring activities continue to demonstrate the effec- tiveness of the fisheries management plan for the Upper Trinity River. Fish populations meet the carrying capacity of the river. Riparian habitat and water quality conditions are excellent. Partnerships exist with support groups such as Cal Trout and Trout Unlimited to accomplish management plan direction.
Mining activities continue along Coffee Creek and the Upper T rinity River. However, the heavy impacts typical- ly associated with these operations are not readily evi- dent.
Commercial cattle grazing along the Upper Trinity River has been phased out. Isolated pasture permits on fenced meadows are administered to avoid adverse impacts to sensitive plant species.
The locations of sensitive plant populations are recorded and mapped. Management activities, such as grazing, are generally avoided in these locations, except where such a disturbance is known to enhance a plant popula- tion. The sensitive plant management guide indicates which sensitive plant populations may actually be en- hanced by certain activities.
The multi-purpose trail head for the PCT, completed in cooperation with the Klamath National Forest, accom- modates both winter and summer recreationists on Scott Mountain. Other trailhead access points into the Trinity
Alps Wilderness have been improved according to the Wilderness Management Plan direction.
The Big Flat campground, although located on the Klamath National Forest, continues to be administered by Shasta-Trinity National Forests' personnel. Facilities at Big Flat, Trinity River, Eagle Creek, Cold Field, and Horse Flat campgrounds are maintained according to the assigned recreation opportunity spectrum classes. Campground use is monitored to determine the need for maintenance, improvement, or elimination.
Wildlife enhancement projects, primarily focusing on emphasis species, are supported by partnerships with groups such as the Mule Deer Foundation, Quails Un- limited, and Bear Hunters. Healthy animal populations are thriving in the abundant and diverse wildlife habitat.
Forest vegetation management emphasises regulated wood fiber yields from sustainable ecosystems consistent with other resource objectives.
A cultural resource inventory has been completed, and interpretive programs are offered for certain sites. Protection of all cultural resources continues to be a management objective.
An intensive soil survey has been completed. It serves as a management tool to indicate areas with serpentine soil, low site, mass movement, as well as low plantability and regeneration potential.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-9 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
4 - 108
Chapter 4 - Management Area 6
Table 4-9
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 6
Number Name Acres
|
1 |
Unroaded N on-motorized Rec. |
1,215 |
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
7,026 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
11,862 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
369 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
11,022 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
13,061 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
25,301 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
1,532 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
1,505 |
|
XJ |
Cultural Resource Management |
35 |
|
Total |
72,928 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Conduct a grazing exclosure study of showy raillar- della. Develop a management guide for the species.
2. Conduct inventories and site evaluations on historic mining sites to better understand the range of site types present and the potential for scientific research and public interpretation.
3. Conduct additional inventories and evaluations to identify significant prehistoric sites. Develop a re- search design that will address important questions regarding prehistory on a local and regional level.
4. Perform a risk analysis for any planned management activities in areas with Port-Orford cedar. Implement the appropriate mitigation measures to prevent the introduction of Phytophthora lateralis, the cause of Port-Orford cedar root disease.
5. Acquire lands in the vicinity of Masterson Meadow (Section 3, T39N., R7W).
6. Continue the cadastral survey program in the Coffee Creek area to establish a reliable and accurate land net.
7. Acquire private lands around high value recreation areas.
8. Phase out grazing in the River Unit of the Trinity River Allotment because of conflicts with traffic and private lands.
9. Update the range management plan for the South Highland grazing allotment.
10. Monitor recreation and grazing use in the Deadfall Basin area. Limit resource impacts to this area.
1 1 . Develop an interpretive plan to provide historic infor- mation for recreational trail users.
1 2. Consider the mass movement potential of the ser- pentine soil types during management activities.
13. Identify the ultra-low site areas with mass movement, lowplantability, and low regeneration potential in the serpentine soil types.
14. Conduct a search for a Darlingtonia seep SIA that includes showy raillardella.
15. Maintain the Twin Lakes Basin area in its current condition until it is evaluated for suitability as a SIA.
16. Search for Research Natural Area candidates for dry subalpine meadow, fen, and montane freshwater marsh targets.
17. Coordinate management of botanical SIAs with the Klamath National Forest.
18. Maintain or improve selected habitats for deer, spotted owls, and resident coldwater fisheries.
19. Assess the opportunity for reintroduction of Roosevelt elk, in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Came.
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MANAGEMENT AREA 7
WEAVERVILLE • LEWISTON
Chapter 4 - Management Area 7
7 - Weaverville/Lewiston
Counties: Shasta/Trinity Ranger District: Weaverville Elevation: 2,000 to 8,100 feet National Forest Land: 76,154 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Weaverville/Lewiston Management Area (MA) is split into two separate parcels. Portions of this MA are located to the east and west of the Whiskeytown-Shas- ta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA). The Trinity Divide forms part of the easternmost boundary. The Trinity Alps Wilderness lies to the north and northwest.
Physical Environment:
Topography ranges from flat and gentle to steep and mountainous. The climate is hot and dry during the summer months and wet in the winter. Some of the higher elevations get heavy accumulations of snow. Soil types vary from highly fertile with few erosion or stability problems to granitic soils with inherent erosion problems. Major streams include: Swift Creek, Stuarts Fork, East Fork of Stuarts Fork, Clear Creek, East and West Weaver Creeks, and Rush Creek. Many of the streams provide domestic water supplies for small developments or in- dividual homes. The watersheds of East Weaver, West Weaver, Swift Creek, and East Fork of Stuarts Fork pro- vide water for local communities. The area is within the mainstem Trinity, Swift, Stuarts Fork, Trinity Reservoir, East Fork Trinity, Lewiston, Clear Creek, Rush Creek, and East and West Weaver watersheds. A major historic cultural feature, the LaMoine Railroad (used for logging), is located in the northern portion of the area. Another major feature, the LaGrange Mining Ditch System, is located north of Weaverville. Many aboriginal sites and examples of early-day mining also exist; some of these sites have historical significance.
Biological Environment:
Vegetation varies from oak-digger pine to high site mixed conifer stands and large, dense brushfields. This MA contains 36,000 acres of suitable timber land. Some brushfields at lower elevations provide winter range for the Weaverville deer herd. All or parts of four category 1 through 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C- 29, C-30, C-31, C-32) are located within this MA. East Weaver, West Weaver and Rush Creek are classified as anadromous streams and contribute to the fishery in the Trinity River system.
Sensitive Plants - Three sensitive plants occur in this MA: thread-leaved penstemon, Heckner's lewisia, and Sal- mon Mountains wakerobin. The recently described Scott Mountain fawn lily, proposed for addition to the Regional
Forester's Sensitive Species list, is likely to grow here as well. Veiny arnica, a Forest endemic, is concentrated in this area as well. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Timber management activities, in support of wildlife and visual objectives and the production of high quality water for domestic use, are the predominant management opportunities in this MA. Recreation opportunities are limited; the area is used mostly by hunters and fishermen. The majority of the recreation use occurs along major streams, trails, and roads. A major trailhead into the Trinity Alps is located on the Stuarts Fork. Habitat management for the Weaverville deer herd and the anadromous fishery will occur where opportunities are present. The area has a history of locatable mineral activities.
Desired Future Condition
B
The timbered areas include trees of many age classes. Timber stands are in good health. A variety of ecosys- tems exists, meeting the needs of all indigenous species.
All cultural resources have been inventoried and evaluated. Sites that are eligible for inclusion in the Federal Register of Historic Places are nominated and management plans have been completed. Significant historic sites are interpreted and readily available to the forest visitor.
Bonanza King fire lookout is in excellent shape and in service. The old Weaver Bally lookout is available for public interpretation on the Weaverville administrative site.
All cadastral surveys are complete, enabling resource management projects within this MA to be completed without threat of trespass.
National Forest land north of the community of Weaver- ville has been exchanged for high priority private land parcels in the wilderness, the NRA, and in other impor- tant areas. Land ownership meets the needs of the Weaverville Community Development Plan.
Resources around the town of Weaverville (such as prime winter deer range, off-highway vehicle developments, and hiking trails) are protected and in excellent condition.
Preacher Meadows and Clear Creek campgrounds are maintained according to their ROS classification. Rush Creek campground is used only as an overflow area; it has no facilities. East Weaver campground continues to be used by people who are attending special events in the community of Weaverville.
4 - 113
Chapter 4 - Management Area 7
The East Weaver, Long Canyon, Stony Creek, and Rush Creek Wilderness trailheads meet the standards developed in the Wilderness Management Plan.
There is a mountain bike trail system near the community of Weaverville and other locations within this MA. This bike system uses historical mining ditches.
A hiking trail system has been established around the community of Weaverville. This trail system is a result of the Weaverville Community Development Plan.
Improvements to Scorpion Lake have developed this area into a popular dispersed fishing and camping site.
Forest management direction emphasizes regulated wood fiber yields. These yields provide for sustainable ecosystems that are consistent with other resource ob- jectives.
Wildlife habitat for emphasis species is of high quality. Populations of emphasis species are healthy as a result of management activities.
The Merrian turkey is established as a viable harvest species. This is due to successful management as a result of a partnership with the Trinity County Fish and Game
Commission.
West Weaver, East Weaver, and Rush Creeks provide excellent habitat for anadromous fish species. These creeks experience capacity use in seasons where the migration numbers are high. The Trinity River Restora- tion program, as well as the U. S. Forest Service's "Rise to the Future" program, continue to be active. Both have shown measurable successes.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-10 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-10
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 7
Number Name Acres
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
43 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
13,968 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
431 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
6,653 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
42,013 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
11,916 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
890 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
240 |
|
Total |
76,154 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1 . Representative segments of the LaMoine Lumber and Trading Company should be identified and retained for historic research and public interpretation.
2. Consider the historic mining features of the LaGrange Mine for interpretation potential.
3. Perform a risk analysis for any planned management activities in areas with Port-Orford cedar. Implement the appropriate mitigation measures to prevent the introduction of Phytophthora lateralis, the cause of Port-Orford cedar root disease.
4. Make National Forest land available for established community expansion when there is clear documen- tation that the land is needed and suited for that use.
5. Plan and conduct management activities near trail- heads and adjacent to trails to minimize effects on recreation use.
6. Resolve access problems into the Stuarts Fork Trail- head.
7. Plan and conduct activities in East and West Weaver Creek, Swift Creek, East Fork of Stuarts Fork, and Snow and Bear Gulch so that water quality will be protected for domestic use.
8. Implement habitat management activities for the winter deer range and the anadromous fishery where opportunities exist.
9. Assess the opportunity for introduction of wild turkeys.
4-114
Chapater 4 - Management Area 8
8 - National Recreation Area
4 - 115
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4-116
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Chapater 4 - Management Area 8
8 - National Recreation Area
Shasta Unit
County: Shasta
Ranger District: Shasta Lake
Elevation: 1,000 to 4,300 feet
National Forest Land (including Shasta Lake):
115,138 acres
Shasta Lake: 114,067 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Shasta Unit of the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity Na- tional Recreation Area (NRA) encompasses lands sur- rounding Shasta Lake.
Physical Environment:
Topography near Shasta Lake ranges from hilly to ex- tremely steep. The Shasta Unit is within the Pit Arm, Squaw Creek, McCloud Arm, and Sacramento Arm watersheds. Bridge Bay Resort, Jones Valley, Mountain Cate, Shasta Dam Public Utilities District, and Silverthorn Resort get domestic use water from Shasta Lake. Charlie Creek provides domestic water to the community of Lakeshore Heights. Interesting features on the Shasta Unit include Shasta Dam, second largest concrete dam in the United States, and Shasta Caverns, a natural limestone cave. Early mining and smelting operations have denuded an area around Shasta Lake. Recreation facilities include resorts, marinas, campgrounds, OHV staging area, picnic areas, boat launching ramps, shoreline hiking trails, restaurants, and motels. Private land ownership within the Forest boundary is generally well developed with residences and small communities.
Biological Environment:
Vegetative cover within this unit varies from dense brush ana shrubs to hardwood stands and mixed conifers. The lake and its environs~provide especially good habitat for bald eagles and osprey. The area also contains one known peregrine falcon eyrie. The area also contains habitat for deer, elk, and turkey. Habitat for cold and warmwater fish species is abundant. This area contains no suitable timber land.
Sensitive Plants - The new shrub species, Shasta snow- wreath, has been found in this management area. This species, first discovered in 1 992, has been proposed for addition to the Regional Forester's Sensitive Species list. No other sensitive plants are known from the unit, but several are to be expected. Two other plants endemic to the Shasta Lake area, veiny arnica and Shasta eupatorium, are found here. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
This MA offers practically every form of outdoor recrea- tion imaginable. However, water-oriented activities such as boating, fishing, water skiing, and houseboating are the main attractions. Recreation use at the Shasta Unit exceeds 2,000,000 visitor days annually. Nearly all of the lake surface and shoreline is administered by the Forest Service. A small area around the dam is administered by the Bureau of Reclamation. Major wildlife considerations include habitat management for bald eagles. Cold and warmwater fisheries are also important to the area. A separate management plan covers the NRA and is incor- porated as part of the proposed Forest Plan.
Special Areas:
Samwel Cave, proposed as a geologic Special Interest Area (SIA), lies within the Shasta Unit. Also within this unit is the southernmost portion of the recommended Devils Rock-Hosselkus Research Natural Area (RNA) (5,550 acres).
Desired Future Condition
B
The Shasta Unit of this MA is managed as a showcase recreation area. It provides high quality recreation op- portunities at a variety of lake levels. Associated scenic, scientific, and historical values are conserved and inter- preted through an actively managed interpretive pro- gram. Management and utilization of renewable resources is compatible with public recreation or other values contributing to public enjoyment. The unit is managed according to the current NRA Management Plan. This Plan is reviewed and revised every 5 years in order to meet public needs and demands and to support natural resource values.
Facilities are constructed and maintained to a high stand- ard with universal access a priority for funding. A wide variety of high quality recreation opportunities are provided at all lake and economic levels. This includes adequate low water access via roads, ramps, and trails. Large, modern campgrounds have replaced small, scat- tered sites which were not cost effective to operate and maintain. An innovative interpretive services program has been implemented and excellent interpretive ser- vices are available. Dispersed camping opportunities, for those seeking a less managed and more tranquil recrea- tion experience, are plentiful, especially those areas ac- cessible by boat. Management activities maintain the visual quality at a level which provides for a landscape in which human activities are subordinate to the natural landscape.
Vegetation is managed to a level that results in healthy forest stands, maintenance of wildlife habitat, good scenic quality, public health and safety, and reduction of fire hazards. Within designated conservation areas and bald eagle and peregrine falcon nest territories,
4 - 121
Chapater 4 - Management Area 8
vegetation is managed for habitat enhancement to retain critical habitat elements over the long term.
Fish habitat is managed to enhance inland coldwater and warmwater fisheries for sport fishing and a wildlife prey base. Quality fisheries and wildlife habitat is maintained and enhanced for indicator and emphasis species at various lake levels. An innovative information and educa- tion program promotes increased awareness and ap- preciation of fish and wildlife resources in the management unit. Potential conflicts between lake users and wildlife needs are anticipated and resolved to ensure public enjoyment and safety as well as to provide for viable wildlife populations.
Threatened, endangered, and sensitive species manage- ment focuses on protecting, enhancing, and restoring their habitat. Species Management Guides have been developed and are being implemented for plant species of interest. The spread of weed plant populations has been arrested and native plants are being re-introduced where suitable.
Water quality remains excellent and is managed cooperatively with the Central Valley Water Quality Con- trol Board.
Full service resorts are permitted and managed to meet current recreation demands while allowing for ap- propriate protection of other resource values. Private landowners, residents, and small communities within the forest boundary are educated and informed about local forest resources and issues. Four summer home tracts, with a total of 1 60 homes, are managed to meet estab- lished standards and not detract from the quality of the NRA.
An active law enforcement program provides a visible presence in the management unit while providing protec- tion and security for visitors, facilities, and resources. The emphasis on habitat protection, under the Endangered Species Act, and boating safety has resulted in significant improvements in implementing special programs. These programs are designed to meet the needs of both wildlife and National Forest users.
Cultural resources are managed to specified standards. Sites include: Clikapudi, Squaw Creek, FHirz Mountain Lookout, Dog Creek Bridge and Potter and Samwel Caves.
4 - 122
Chapater 4 - Management Area 8
Trinity Unit
County: Trinity
Ranger District: Weaverville
Elevation: 1,900 to 4,500 feet
National Forest Land (including Trinity and Lewiston Lakes): 60,145 acres Trinity Lake: 16,400 acres Lewiston Lake: 750 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Trinity Unit of the NRA includes lands around Clair- Engle (Trinity) Lake.
Physical Environment:
The mountainous terrain bordering Trinity Lake contains flat and gently sloping land. The Trinity Unit is within the main stem Trinity, East Fork Trinity, Stuarts Fork, Lewiston and Trinity Reservoir watersheds. Fairview Marina ob- tains its domestic water supply from Trinity Lake. Recrea- tion facilities include resorts, marinas, campgrounds, picnic areas, boat launching ramps, restaurants, and motels.
herd, bald eagles, and osprey is an important considera- tion in this unit. Also important is the management of cold and warmwater fisheries habitat in T rinity and Lewis- ton Lakes. An important factor in the continuation of natural salmon and steelhead production in the mainstem Trinity River is the management of the artificial spawning riffles located between Lewiston Dam and E)eadwood Creek. A separate management plan covers the NRA and is incorporated as part of the proposed Forest Plan.
Desired Future Condition
B
The Trinity Unit of the NRA centers around Trinity and Lewiston Lakes. The visual landscape, as viewed from the lakes, is a mosaic of vegetative cover - primarily mature mixed conifer stands with some brushfields. Manage- ment activities are generally visually subordinate on the landscape.
A special visitor interpretive center at Osprey provides recreationists with a focal point of interpretation for the unique cultural history and natural history of the recrea- tion area. This center emphasizes historical mining, ranching, and logging in addition to the natural history of the area. Programs, displays, and interpretive informa- tion are provided.
Biological Environment:
The Trinity Unit generally supports a mixed conifer forest with a few areas of oak and grass. This area contains 6,400 acres of suitable timber land. The southern portion around Lewiston Lake and several south facing slopes on Trinity Lake contain brushfields that are prime winter range for the Weaverville deer herd. Trinity and Lewiston Lakes, along with adjacent land, provide habitats for cold and warmwater fisheries as well as for bald eagles and osprey. All or parts of four category, 1 through 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C-29, C-30, C-31, C-32) are within this MA.
Sensitive Plants - One sensitive plant, thread-leaved penstemon, is found in this management area. Heckner's lewisia and Scott Mountain fawnlily (the latter is a newly described plant that has been proposed for addition to the Regional Forester's Sensitive Species list) probably grow here as well. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Where appropriate, all facilities within the NRA are hand- icap accessible. Handicap fishing opportunities are provided at Carrville dredge pond and at Lewiston Lake. Handicap opportunities are provided for wildlife viewing at Lewiston Lake. There is a viewing platform in the vicinity of Lake View Terrace. Trinity Vista provides an opportunity for handicapped viewing as well.
The west side of Lewiston Lake is highly developed with facilities for wildlife viewing, hiking, mountain biking, and fishing. The east side of Lewiston Lake is to remain undeveloped to preserve its excellent wildlife habitat. This area provides an enhanced opportunity for people to view wildlife.
Trinity Lake is accessed by boat ramps which accom- modate boat launching at all lake levels. Floating boat ramps access the lake surface when the lake levels are low.
Management of the Area:
Several private resorts and many campgrounds along the lake shores provide recreation opportunities during the summer season. Recreation use diminishes during the winter. The mixed conifer forests contribute to the regu- lated timber harvest of the Weaverville District. Main- tenance of visual quality in all resource or development activities is a major objective. Opportunities exist for habitat improvement and maintenance for fish and wildlife. Habitat management for the Weaverville deer
The Trinity Heritage Scenic Byway extends from Inter- state 5 to Weaverville, via the Parks Creek road and State Highway 3. This byway provides a continued opportunity to showcase the NRA. Road standards for the byway provide for a wide range of recreational vehicles.
The Trinity Reservoir Fisheries Management Plan is being implemented. Warmwater fisheries improvement has been successful through a cooperative venture with the Bureau of Reclamation, California Department of Fish
4 - 123
Chapater 4 - Management Area 8
and Game (DFG), Trinity County, and Trinity River Con- servation Camp inmate crews.
Anadromous fisheries habitat, below Lewiston Dam, is maintained to provide high quality spawning habitat.
The management plan for the bald eagle is being imple- mented. Conflicts between the bald eagles' use of the Trinity Lake-lewiston Lake habitat and human use of the
area have been resolved.
Monitoring and habitat enhancement projects continue to result in healthy populations of emphasis species such as deer and waterfowl. Recreational hunting and wildlife viewing are popular outdoor activities.
Forest vegetation is managed to maintain and enhance forest health, visual quality, recreational opportunities and wildlife habitat within the NRA. Regulated yields of wood fiber are provided.
Land ownership has been consolidated. There is no privately owned land within the NRA. This eliminates the opportunity for private development which sometimes conflicts with the goals and objectives of the NRA.
The NRA boundary is posted where conflicting uses threaten to encroach into it. Previous encroachments, such as the mining on Buckeye Creek and the Lewiston rifle range road, have been resolved.
^Management Prescriptions
c
Subject to Public Law 89-336, Table 4-11 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The management area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-11
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 8
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
33,186 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
103,350 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
2,235 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
30,809 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
3,743 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
746 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
143 |
|
Total |
174,212 |
** Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Search for additional populations of Shasta snow- wreath and Scott Mountain fawn lily. Avoid distur- bance pending completion of a conservation strategy.
2. Construct new roads for timber harvest in the foreground areas of Trinity Lake, Lewiston Lake, and the Trinity River only where these roads can meet adopted Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs). Con- struct no additional, permanent roads on the Shasta Unit for timber harvest. Existing roads may be re- located to improve esthetics.
3. Cooperate with the DFG in developing fish habitat management plans for Shasta, Trinity, and Lewiston Lakes. Maintain a fishery consistent with demand, recognizing that there are habitat limitations which cannot be overcome. Emphasize coldwater and warmwater fish habitat management at Shasta and Trinity Lakes.
4. Continue habitat improvement and maintenance ef- forts for anadromous fish on the spawning riffles in the Trinity River immediately below Lewiston Dam.
5. Perform a risk analysis for any planned management activities in areas with Port-Orford cedar. Implement the appropriate mitigation measures to prevent the introduction of Phytophthora lateralis, the cause of Port-Orford cedar root disease.
6. Consolidate public ownership with emphasis on shoreline property.
7. Do not acquire Sands with significant known pollution sources, specifically those lands affected by mine discharges.
8. Develop and implement a plan to reduce the adverse effects of the mine drainage from Golinsky Mine.
9. Determine pre-existing valid mineral rights within the Trinity Unit. Evaluate requests for mineral leases as provided in the NRA Act.
* Combined prescription acreage for the Shasta and Trinity Units.
** Applies to both the Shasta and Trinity Units.
4-124
Chapater 4 - Management Area 8
10. Authorize no new exclusive uses of National Forest lands or water within the N RA except for those private recreation occupancy vessels (ROVs) provided for in the NRA Management Plan. Phase out existing ex- clusive uses, other than private ROVs, as oppor- tunities and conditions allow.
11. Administer the NRA according to specific direction provided in the Management Plan for the Shasta and Trinity Units. This Plan is subject to periodic review and revision apart from the land management plan- ning process.
12. Maintain Potter Creek Cave and Hirz Mountain in their current conditions until their suitability as Spe- cial Interest Areas is determined.
13. Treat slash from timber harvest activities to meet adopted VQOs or fire hazard reduction objectives, whichever are the most restrictive standards. Natural fuel manipulation for fire hazard reduction will be done to maximize protection of forest investments and interface area.
14. Plan no regulated timber harvest in the Shasta Unit. Unregulated harvest will occur to maintain a healthy, diverse, esthetic, residual stand. In the Trinity Unit, conduct regulated harvest in a manner that is com- patible with NRA objectives.
15. Continue to improve watershed conditions near Shasta Dam where smelting operations have left areas denuded of vegetation.
16. Plan and conduct any activity in Charlie Creek drainage so that water quality will be protected for domestic use.
17. Maintain or improve habitat for wildlife, including self-sustaining populations of ospreys, bald eagles, and Shasta salamanders. Improve habitat for harvest wildlife species.
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4 - 126
«£
Chapter 4 - Management Area 9
9 - Slate- Delta
Counties: Shasta/Siskiyou Ranger District: Mt. Shasta Elevation: 1,000 to 7,000 feet National Forest Land: 58,515 acres
Description
A
Location:
The majority of the Slate-Delta Management Area (MA) lies east and west of the Sacramento River and Interstate 5. The east, south, and western boundaries of this MA are the common boundary between the Mt. Shasta Ranger District and those of the McCloud, Shasta Lake, and Weaverville Ranger Districts. An area just south of State Highway 89 forms the boundary to the northeast.
Physical Environment:
Terrain is mountainous. Slope instability is evident within its steep canyon walls. Fossiliferous limestone outcrops and caves are unique features near the Tombstone Peak Area. The area is within the Upper Sacramento, Lower Sacramento, and Sacramento River watersheds. The Sacramento River flows through the area. Castle Creek provides domestic use water to the community of Cas- tella. Interstate 5 and the railroad provide a major transportation corridor. The LaMoine Railroad, in the Slate Creek drainage, is a significant historic site.
Biological Environment:
Vegetation in the north half of the MA is generally mixed conifer and California black oak. The Big Canyon area contains plantations of ponderosa pine and dense man- zanita brush. Vegetation in the south half of the area is enerally mixed conifer (predominantly Douglas-fir) and lack oak on north-facing slopes. Scrub black oak, canyon live oak, and digger pine grow on south-facing slopes. This MA contains 43,800 acres of suitable timber land. The area contains all or parts of two category 1 through 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C-31, C-38) and one peregrine falcon site. Important habitat for deer, black bear, fisher, goshawk, and turkey is also found within the MA.
Sensitive Plants - Two sensitive plants, thread-leaved penstemon and Scott Mountain phacelia, are highly con- centrated in this MA. Suitable rock outcrop and lime- stone habitat for several other sensitive and endemic plants is found here as well. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
There are a variety of resource uses and values throughout the area. A portion of the South Highland grazing allotment is here. The Pacific Crest Trail (PCT)
traverses the northern portion of the MA. The Sacramen- to River offers recreationists outstanding whitewater boating and fishing opportunities. The Sacramento River, between Shotgun Creek and the backwaters of Shasta Lake, is managed as a wild trout fishery by the State of California. Habitat management for the Klamath and Weaverville deer herds, black bear, and spotted owls is an important consideration. Maintaining diversity is also important.
Desired Future Condition
B
All age classes of trees are present with some larger stands of old growth in reserved habitat stands. Forest vegetation is managed under an appropriate mix of sil- vicultural principles and practices to maintain or enhance forest health and provide for sustainable ecosystems and a regulated flow of wood products. Vegetation types, ranging from mixed conifer stands to pine and hardwoods, vary from the higher to lower elevations. Trees and shrubs have been managed to the extent that they provide quality habitat for those species which have been identified as indicators. Prime deer winter range in the oak woodlands along the Upper Sacramento is thriv- ing and supports a healthy herd. Water quality is high in the Sacramento River and its tributaries.
The Sacramento, a State designated Wild and Scenic River, provides for many uses including fishing, rafting, sightseeing, domestic consumption, and a high quality cold water fisheries habitat. Access to the river has been improved with several developed day use and overnight recreation facilities. Fishing access at Pollard Flat has been improved. There is a picnic area for fishermen and rafters as well as a scenic rest stop for interstate travelers. Restoration of degraded watersheds has improved water and visual quality in the canyon. These activities have improved the health and numbers of many of the wildlife species dependent on the riparian habitats which are abundant in this area.
The interstate 5 corridor bisects this area from north to south along the historic travel route with its associated artifacts and features. It is one of the main travel routes in California and provides easy access to the backcountry along Forest roads. Visual quality along this route is high with a mosaic of vegetation types.
The historic development of the transportation corridor through the Sacramento River Canyon is interpreted for the public.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-12 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
4-129
Chapter 4 - Management Area 9
Table 4-12
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 9
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
1 : ; |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
881 |
|
11 |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
1,714 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
4,082 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
111 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
14,216 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and |
15,454 |
|
Selected Sensitive Species |
||
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
20,155 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
1,110 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
31 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
761 |
|
Total |
58,515 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1 . Develop and implement a management plan for the LaMoine Lumber and Trading Co. Railroad Logging System and for the Burns-Castle Crags Logging Rail- road System. Explore opportunities for public inter- pretation and recreation.
2. Conduct inventories and site evaluations on historic mining sites to better understand the range of site types present and the potential for scientific research and public interpretation.
3. Refine and implement existing management plans for the two eligible historic lookouts. Restore and utilize the Girard Ridge Lookout as a recreational cabin. Provide historic interpretation on the Forest Service fire detection system and the California Conservation Corps (CCC). Stabilize and protect the Slate Mtn. Lookout or provide extensive mitigation prior to its removal.
4. Conduct additional inventories and evaluations to identify significant prehistoric sites. Develop a re- search design that will address important questions regarding prehistory on a local and regional level.
5. Develop and implement an interpretive plan for sites and features within the Sacramento River Canyon that are associated with the evolving transportation
6. Provide a parking and picnic area at the Pollard Flat fishing access point.
7. Maintain Tombstone Peak Caves and Fossil Locality in their current condition until they are evaluated for Special Interest Area status.
4-130
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
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MANAGEMENT AREA 10
McCLOUD RIVER
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 0
10 - McCloud River
Counties: Shasta/Siskiyou Ranger District: McCloud Elevation: 1,500 - 6,200 feet National Forest Land: 61,666 acres
Description
A
Location:
The McCloud River Management Area (MA) lies in the southern portion of the McCloud Ranger District south of State Highway 89. The area includes much of the Upper McCloud River drainage and part of the Lower McCloud as well.
Physical Environment:
The area between Highway 89 and the McCloud River is generally flat. Steep slopes with many streams and drainages can be found elsewhere in this MA. The area is within the Squaw Valley, Upper McCloud, and Lower McCloud Watersheds. Prominent features include Lake McCloud, Hawkins and Squaw Valley Creeks, and the Upper and Lower McCloud River. Water from the lake is transported via an aqueduct to Iron Canyon Reservoir for power generation at the Lower Pit River Power Houses. The northern portion of the area, surrounding Lake McCloud, is owned by the Hearst Corporation. There is a potential for geothermal exploration.
Biological Environment:
Timber stands, with large volumes of older over-mature timber, can be found on public land. Predominant tim- ber species include Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar. Live oak, black oak, and tan- bark oak grow on dry sites at low elevations. This MA contains 7,700 acres of suitable timber land. Common brush species include: manzanita, snowbrush, buck- brush, bitterbrush and deer brush. Alder and willow grow in the riparian areas. One of the premiere trout streams in California, the McCloud, supports a native strain of rainbow trout once used to stock many rivers around the world. The McCloud River was the only river in California supporting a remnant population of bull trout (listed as 'endangered' by the State of California.) This species was declared extirpated by the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG) in 1986, but a recovery plan is being formulated. Lake McCloud, a popular fishing lake, is part of the Pit River hydroelectric project. All or parts of three category 1 through 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C-42, C-43, C-44) are located within this MA. A wide variety of other wildlife habitat includes black bear, deer, pine marten, fisher, goshawks, and mountain lions.
Sensitive Plants - Much of this MA is poorly known botanically. Two sensitive plants are known to occur
here, the Salmon Mountains wakerobin and Howell's lewisia. In addition, a local endemic, Shasta eupatorium, is known from limestone outcrops in the southwest corner of the MA. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Most of the District's developed recreation sites are located in this MA. Developed and dispersed recreation use is very high. Fishing and the waterfalls of the Mc- Cloud River are the main attractions. The Lower Mc- Cloud River is designated as a State Wild Trout Stream for about 1 0 miles below the dam. The Upper and Lower McCloud River, as well as Squaw Valley Creek, is managed under a Coordinated Resource Management Plan (CRMP) to protect its unique and outstandingly remarkable features. Habitat management for black bear and spotted owls is important.
Special Areas:
Bigelow Meadow is recommended for designation as an ecological Special Interest Area (SIA).
Desired Future Condition
B
The Upper McCloud River offers excellent fishing for stocked trout. The Lower McCloud is an outstanding native trout fishery. High quality habitat for spotted owls dominates the Lower McCloud area. High quality sum- mer deer range and cover is found in the Upper McCloud area. Excellent opportunities for bird and mammal view- ing are available. The area offers an opportunity for the enjoyment of consumptive and non-consumptive wildlife use.
The McCloud River area and Lake McCloud are recog- nized as important recreation resources. Primitive recreational experiences are found along Squaw Valley Creek and the Lower McCloud River. Dispersed and developed recreation are emphasized along the Upper McCloud River. Visitors travelling alone the McCloud Loop Road are attracted to natural and other cultural resource features.
Archaeological sites are interpreted in areas where visitors are already directed. Archaeological sites are protected through stabilization, fencing, monitoring, and limiting public use. Because the archaeological sites along the McCloud River are important in understanding early Native American and early settler use of the River, special emphasis is placed on a thematic study of these sites.
Forest management activities are directed toward main- taining and improving the various special features found in the area. Timber harvesting activities are not readily noticeable in the Lower McCloud area; they are only minimally noticeable in the Upper McCloud area.
4-133
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 0
Private landowners are cooperating in resource manage- ment activities.
The Upper McCloud area is forested with trees that were planted in the 1980s. Visitors traveling Highway 89 notice little difference from the past. Travelers driving through the McCloud River Loop see young timber stands averag- ing 20 feet in height The Lower McCloud area is un- changed.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-13 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various
prescriptions.
Table 4-13
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 10
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
319 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
5,335 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
483 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
591 |
|
vn |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
54,546 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
182 |
|
x |
Special Area Management |
lllli;.: 122 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
88 |
|
Total |
61,666 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1 . Conduct a thematic study of the archaeological sites representing the Native American uses of the Mc- Cloud River. Emphasize sites that are being disturbed by dispersed recreation activities such as Ash Camp, Camp 4 , Four Mile Flat, and Ah-Bi-Na. Pursue partnerships with Shasta College, California State University Chico, or other institutions.
2. Interpret archaeological sites along the McCloud River in areas where visitors are already being directed.
3. Manage for bitterbrush in selected areas mapped as Prescription VI (Wildlife Management) within this MA.
Areas with less than 30 percent conifer crown closure and with significant amounts of bitterbrush present (greater than 500 plants/acre) will be managed primarily for bitterbrush production.
Areas with more than 60 percent conifer crown closure and without significant amounts of bit- terbrush (less than 500 plants/acre) will be managed primarily for timber.
Areas with 30-60 percent conifer crown closure and with significant amounts of bitterbrush (500 or more plants/acre) will have management activities designed to achieve optimal use of the bitterbrush and timber resources. This will usually result in an irregular pattern and/or mosaic of patches, clumps and/or stringers of bitterbrush interwoven with tim- ber stands or vice versa. Specific areas will be desig- nated for management of one of the two types, but not both, on the same area. The minimum size stand, to be managed for in timber, is about one acre and in bitterbrush one/tenth acre.
Management objectives for selected bitterbrush stands are as follows:
a. Provide for an average of 800 bitterbrush plants per acre.
b. Average conifer canopy closures should not ex- ceed 30-40 percent.
c. Maintain a mix of age and condition classes.
4. Emphasize fuel management strategies that will reduce risk and hazard from wildfires adjacent to the California-Oregon Transmission Project (COTP) powerline corridor. To enhance forest health, develop a natural fire program to reinstate fire into the ecosystem under controlled and monitored con- ditions.
5. Cooperate with the DFC in developing a Wild Trout Management Plan for the Lower McCloud River.
6. Bivest of public lands in the Mushroom Rock area.
7. Acquire public access along the McCloud River and Squaw Valley Creek.
8. Continue to develop trail access to and along Squaw Valley Creek and the McCloud River. Emphasize the dispersed recreational use of Tom Dow, Tom Neal, and the Pacific Crest Trail systems. Complete trail- heads at Squaw Valley Creek and Ash Camp.
9. Evaluate whitewater boating opportunities.
4 - 134
Chapter 4 - Management Area 10
1 0. Complete the implementation of the Upper McCloud Management Plan.
11. In cooperation with private landowners, PG&E, and the DFG manage the Upper and Lower McCloud River and Squaw Valley Creek under a CRMP. This Plan would help protect the unique and outstanding-
ly remarkable features of the river environment. This Plan is included as Appendix N.
1 2. Maintain or improve selected habitats for black bear, spotted owls, deer, elk, and turkey.
4 - 135
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4 - 136
~ 1
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■ - 80
0. c
— I
MANAGEMENT AREA 11
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 1
11 - Pit
County: Shasta Ranger District: Shasta Lake Elevation: 1,200 - 6,200 feet National Forest Land: 63,440 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Pit Management Area (MA) encompasses the east- ern portion of the Shasta Lake Ranger District. It lies within the District's boundary on the east and the top of the Pit River drainage on the west. Potem Creek and the watershed divide between the Pit River and Squaw Creek bound the area on the west. The Whiskeytown-Shasta- Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA) forms the south- west boundary.
Physical Environment:
Major physiographic features in this area include the Pit River, Pit Reservoir Numbers 4, 6, and 7, Iron Canyon Reservoir, Grizzly Peak, and Chalk Mountain. The area is within the Kosk, Lower McCloud, Iron Canyon, Nelson, Pit #4, Pit #5, and Pit #7 watersheds. Portions of this area, adjacent to the Pit River, are geologically unstable. The Pit River has been extensively developed for hydroelectric energy. There is potential for geothermal exploration in this MA.
Biological Environment:
The area is forested with mixed conifers, containing Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, white fir, and incense-cedar. N umerous stands of black oak and mixed montane chaparral are interspersed throughout the area. This MA contains 11,900 acres of suitable timber land. The wide variety of vegetation contributes to an abun- dance of wildlife species, including black bear, deer, elk, and turkey. Known threatened and endangered (T&E) species include the bald eagle, the peregrine falcon, and the northern spotted owl. Portions of three category 1 through 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C-42, C-44 and C-45) are located within the MA. The Pit River drainage system is an important trout fishery. The rough sculpin (listed as "rare" by the State of California) is present in the Pit River reservoir system.
Sensitive Plants - Two sensitive plants are known from this MA: Salmon Mountains wakerobin and rough rail- lardella. Another rare plant, the Shasta jewelflower, is concentrated here. Grizzly Peak has recently been dis- covered to have a large number of rare and disjunct plant species, including the Forests only population of rough raillardella, a Sensitive species. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
This MA offers a wide variety of resource opportunities. Hunting and fishing activities, along with camping in low developed and undeveloped sites, are very popular. A section of the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) crosses this MA. Protection of bald eagles, peregrine falcons, and north- ern spotted owls is an important management objective. Habitat management for deer, elk, turkey, and black bear is an important consideration. Maintaining diversity is also important. Timber management activities can be expected to continue on suitable areas. Nearly half of this area is in private ownership; this requires good coordination of management activities. Continued em- phasis on hydroelectric generation can be expected.
Special Areas:
Grizzly Peak is recommended for designation as a botani- cal Special Interest Area (SIA).
Desired Future Condition
B
The majority of the MA is managed for continuous vegetative cover that supports threatened, endangered, sensitive, and harvest species of wildlife. Vegetation in the area from Hogback Mountain and Goose Gap on up to Bagley Mountain is managed for early serai stages as well as wood fiber and biomass production.
Sensitive plant populations are managed for protection and enhancement of their habitat. Species Management Guides have been developed and are being implemented for plant species of interest. The areas of old growth habitat from Bagley Mountain up to Stump Creek Butte and in the Chalk Mountain/Bunchgrass Mountain area are managed for old growth dependent species. Riparian zones along the Pit River are managed for bald eagle and peregrine falcon habitat. Early serai stage management for turkey, elk, black bear, and deer habitat is evident in the area of Hogback Mountain, Goose Gap, Reynolds Basin, and Bagley Mountain. Water quality in the Pit River drainage is maintained at a high level to promote the trout fishery. Re-licensing of the hydroelectric projects along the Pit River has resulted in better flow conditions for the trout fishery.
A multi-agency administrative facility is operated in cooperation with the California Department of Forestrynd Fire Protection (CDF) to provide fire protec- tion for the Big Bend area. Recreation opportunities are dispersed in nature, keeping with the intent of the Pit River Study (developed by Pacific Gas and Electric) to protect and enhance bald eagle and peregrine falcon habitat. The PCT, along the Grizzly Peak/Mushroom Rock area, continues to be maintained to national stand- ards.
Vegetation is managed to maintain or enhance forest health through an appropriate mix of silvicultural
4 - 139
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 1
principles and practices. Regulated yields of wood fiber are consistent with sustaining ecosystem viability.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-14 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-14
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 1 1
Number Name Acres
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
5,181 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
121 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
874 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
48,196 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
8,404 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
393 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
241 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
30 |
Total 63,440
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Relocate the Big Bend administrative facility.
2. Utilize natural fuels reduction to protect special habitat areas and forest investments.
3. Maintain or improve selected habitats for coldwater and warmwater resident fisheries.
4. Divest of public lands in the Mushroom Rock area.
5. Manage the Pit River for dispersed, water-oriented recreation opportunities.
6. Search for a MacNab cypress stand that meets the criteria for a Research Natural Area candidate.
7. Develop a management plan for Grizzly Peak SIA.
8. Maintain or improve selected habitats for deer, elk, turkey, bear, bald eagles, peregrine falcons, and spotted owls.
4 - 140
/
If^iC
All private lands, lying within the boundaries ot this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
MANAGEMENT AREA 12
NOSONI
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 2
1 2 - Nosoni
County: Shasta Ranger District: Shasta Lake Elevation: 1,200 - 5,300 feet National Forest Land: 80,388 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Nosoni Management Area (MA) lies to the north of the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area and south of the McCloud Ranger District bound- ary. The eastern boundary follows the watershed divide between Squaw Creek and the Pit River. The short western boundary follows the Sacramento River.
Physical Environment:
The irregular topography is characterized by steep, dry, brush-covered south-facing slopes and forested, moist north-facing slopes. Limestone outcrops frequently occur in mountain peaks such as Tombstone Mountain and Devils Rock. These outcrops hold potential for a variety of unique features such as limestone caves, paleontological features (fossils), and limestone-related sensitive plants. Much of the riparian area along Squaw Creek is on National Forest land. The MA includes two miles of the Sacramento River and 1 1 miles of the Lower McCloud River. The area is within the Lower McCloud, Squaw Creek, Pit Arm, McCloud Arm, and Sacramento Arm watersheds. Private land ownership along Gilman Road and in the Interstate 5 corridor is well developed with residences and small communities. Lands along the McCloud River are owned by private clubs. There are lodges and cabins on these properties as well as large acreages of undeveloped lands. Upstream, about six miles of river are within The Nature Conservancy's Mc- Cloud River Preserve. This preserve straddles the Shasta Lake/McCloud Ranger District boundary.
Biological Environment:
Brush and hardwoods comprise 42 percent of the vegeta- tion cover, and mixed conifers comprise the rest. Most of the timber stands are a mixture of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, white fir, and incense-cedar. There are also extensive stands of commercial-sized black oak. This MA contains 33,300 acres of suitable timber land. Vegetation in the area supports a wide variety of wildlife species. The area contains high quality trout habitat and is a summer range for resident black- tailed deer. Rocky Mountain elk, black bear, mountain lion, band-tailed pigeons, and wild turkeys also inhabit the area. The Federally listed (endangered) bald eagle and the State listed (rare) Shasta salamander also inhabit the area. Wolverines have been sighted at several loca- tions. A portion of the spotted owl habitat conservation area (HCA) C-42 plus one category 3 (HCA) ST-111 are located within this MA.
Sensitive Plants - The area is poorly known botanically. One sensitive plant, Howell's lewisia, is known to inhabit rock outcrops along the McCloud River. Shasta eupatorium and veiny arnica, Forest endemics, occur in many locations in the MA. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
This MA offers a variety of resource opportunities. Wildlife habitat management and timber management are important considerations. This area is not well roaded. There is a lot of private land interspersed among the National Forest land. Fishing and hunting are popular.
Special Areas:
This MA includes the proposed Devils Rock-Hosselkus Research Natural Area (RNA) (5,550 acres).
Desired Future Condition
B
The majority of the MA is managed for emphasis species of wildlife which includes deer, black bear, wild turkey, elk, and band-tailed pigeons. There is a wide mixture of serai stages in the Nosoni and Squaw Creek drainages. Vegetative manipulation takes place to manage habitat for elk, turkey, deer, black bear, and old growth depend- ent species. Natural fuel management, for fire hazard reduction, is occurring. The Squaw Creek drainage em- phasizes riparian vegetation which is managed for bald eagle, northern spotted owl, willow flycatcher, and other riparian-dependent species. There is a large component of fairly continuous old growth in the Beetle-Shoeinhorse area. Other stands in this area show evidence of past timber harvest activities. These stands are being managed to bring them to maturity as old growth habitat. The area west of McCloud River, in the Nawtawaket Mountain area, provides an unroaded, semi-primitive recreation experience. The Devil's Rock area is a can- didate Research Natural Area and remains in an un- managed, natural state.
McCloud River and Squaw Creek are managed for riparian habitat and high water quality to support coldwater fisheries. Squaw Creek is also managed as a designated furbearer corridor. Vegetative manipulation takes place to create openings for browse and forage for deer, elk, black bear, and turkey along with ample areas of forested area for cover. Northern spotted owls in the designated HCAs are producing to recovery plan stand- ards. Limestone outcrops in the Brock Mountain area are managed for the Shasta salamander. There are opportunities for a wide variety of dispersed recreation activities. These opportunities range from a low develop- ment campground at Madrone to a large, unroaded semi-primitive area in the McCloud River drainage. All recreational programs and facilities are in support of hunting and fishing.
4 - 143
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 2
Vegetative manipulation in the majority of the MA is for maintenance and enhancement of wildlife habitat. In the Satin Peak to East Fork area timber growth and wood fiber production are emphasized. The theme of refores- tation is to perpetuate the mixed conifer stands except where a modification is appropriate for wildlife habitat enhancement. In hardwood stands, wildlife habitat is emphasized with wood fiber and firewood being secon- dary products. Sensitive and endemic plant species are managed according to Species Management Guides.
Forest health is maintained throughout the MA by inven- torying, monitoring, and managing stands and their con- dition relative to the management prescription allotted to this area. Stands in which the retention of wildlife habitat diversity components are emphasized are allowed to retain more decadence and insect/disease activity than those stands in which the focus is on wood fiber production.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-15 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-15
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 12
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
7,991 |
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
2,578 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
955 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
194 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
32,037 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
15,344 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
15,004 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
1,585 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
4,660 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
40 |
|
Total |
80,388 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Maintain and enhance the resident coldwater fish habitat in Squaw Creek.
2. Cooperate with the DFG in developing a Wild Trout Management Plan for the Lower McCloud River.
3. Continue to work with the Nature Conservancy, the DFG, and the McCloud River Club to manage the recreation fishery in the McCloud River.
4. Reduce naturally occurring fuels to protect forest investments and interface areas from losses due to wildfire.
5. Provide low development and dispersed recreation facilities and emphasize hunting, fishing, and hiking opportunities.
6. Maintain Potem Falls in its present condition pending evaluation as a Special Interest Area.
7. Develop and implement a program to manage and use hardwoods for energy, fiber, and wildlife habitat.
8. Observe the following special management direction in the McCloud River corridor:
Timber access:
a. Minimize new road construction and attempt to locate new roads away from streamcourses (by design of mid-ridge and ridgeline roads);
b. Minimize stream crossings; and
c. Design logging systems for maximum resource protection.
9. In cooperation with private landowners, PC&E, and the DFG manage the Lower McCloud River under a Coordinated Resource Management Plan (CRMP) to protect the unique and outstandingly remarkable features of the river environment. The CRMP is in- cluded in Appendix N.
10. Maintain or improve selected habitats for deer, elk, turkey, bear, bald eagle, northern spotted owl, and Shasta salamander.
1 1 . Maintain Potem Falls in its present condition pending evaluation as a Special Interest Area.
4-144
MA
vate lands, lying within the boundaries of this * ;ement Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Shasta-Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
NAGEMENT AREA 13
FRONT
NORTH
SCALE
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale
13 - Front
County: Shasta Ranger District: Shasta Lake Elevation: 1,000 to 4,420 feet National Forest Land: 29,072 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Front Management Area (MA) lies along the southern edge of the Shasta Lake District and east and west of Shasta Lake.
Physical Environment:
Topography is moderate to steep and rugged with rock outcroppings at the higher elevations. The area contains a two-mile segment of the Sacramento River. The area is within the Clear Creek, Sacramento Arm, Pit Arm, and Pit #7 watersheds. The upper half of Charlie Creek provides domestic water for the Lakehead community. Tracts of private property, south of Shasta Lake and within the Forest boundary, are developed with residen- ces and small communities.
Biological Environment:
Vegetation within the area is highly variable, ranging from dense brush and shrubs to heavy stands of mixed conifers and oaks. This MA contains 17,541 acres of suitable timber land. The southern portion of the area appears desolate compared to the northern end. This is because of the copper smelting operations which took place near Shasta Dam in the 1920s and 30s. The fumes denuded the land of vegetation, and erosion was a serious prob- lem. Planted trees and manmade erosion structures are evidence of efforts to rehabilitate these areas. The area provides limited habitat for turkey, bear, and elk. A portion of the spotted owl habitat conservation area (HCA) C-31 is located within this MA.
Sensitive Plants - Very little is known about this MA botanically. No sensitive plants are known to occur here, but there is suitable habitat for Canyon Creek stonecrop on Behemotash Mountain and Mammoth Butte. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Special emphasis has been placed on providing deer winter range. The area was extensively mined in the early 1 900s, and some limited mining occurs today. The Chap- pie/Shasta off-highway vehicle (OHV) area is located on the west side of Shasta Dam. The heavy intermix of private lands among National Forest lands requires good coordination of any management activities. Recreation opportunities are emphasized along the Sacramento River.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 3
Desired Future Condition
B
Vegetative cover remains very sparse west of Shasta Lake ana south of Backbone Creek due to the heavy smelter activity in the early part of this century. North of Back- bone Creek the vegetation was not as heavily impacted and stands generally are healthier and more productive. In timbered areas management emphasis is on wildlife habitat. The riparian corridor along Backbone Creek is managed as a designated furbearer corridor.
The area around Dog Creek Mountain is managed for wood fiber production with a concern for the transition to wildlife emphasis on the perimeter. The southwest corner of the MA provides the opportunity to work with private interests to negotiate easements for the Shas- ta/Chappie OHV area. In this area vegetation manipula- tion is utilized to enhance visual quality and provide sound barriers for the recreation users on the lake. The southern portion of the MA consists of small, scattered parcels where management is difficult due to lack of rights-of-way.
Acid mine drainage from the Mammoth Mine and other mines in the area has been reduced to the point where fish kills are no longer an issue in Shasta Lake, and the tributary streams are beginning to recover. Vegetative manipulation to improve wildlife habitat west of tne lake has improved deer winter range as well as turkey and black bear habitat. Management of the Shasta salamander occurs in limestone outcrops. Species Management Guides have been developed for plant species of interest. Project planning for logging and road construction emphasizes the importance of minimizing erosion and sedimentation into Shasta Lake. The OHV Plan includes management emphasis which minimizes impacts on wildlife and their habitat. A designated HCA (C-3) is managed to promote the recovery of the northern spotted owl. Natural fuels management is occurring for fire hazard reduction.
Bass Mountain and Sugarloaf Mountain are managed as electronic sites to serve the north state. Sugar Pine Conservation Camp is managed under a special use permit by the California Department of Corrections.
The high quality, all level OHV area serves four-wheel drives, dirt bikes, all-terrain vehicles, and mountain bike users. It is being managed in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the National Park Service, and private land owners in the area. Dispersed recreation opportunities west of Shasta Lake emphasize equestrian use.
Water quality in the MA remains acceptable with the emphasis in project planning on prevention and mitiga- tion of erosion in the rocky soils. The Charlie Creek watershed is the domestic water source for Lakehead; water quality is excellent.
4-147
Chapter 4 - Management Area 13
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-16 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various
prescriptions.
Table 4-16
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 13
Number Name Acres
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
2,658 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
5,298 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
16,530 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
2,438 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
1,431 |
|
lx |
Riparian Management |
702 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
15 |
|
Total |
29,072 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Reduce naturally occurring fuels to protect Forest investments and interface areas from losses due to wildfire.
2. In concert with the BLM and the State of California acquire lands that facilitate the Shasta Lake OHV Plan. Use green sticker funds to acquire these lands.
3. Do not acquire lands with known significant pollution sources.
4. Search for a MacNab cypress Research Natural Area candidate.
5. Plan and conduct any activity in the upper half of Charlie Creek so that water quality will be protected for domestic use.
6. Maintain or improve selected habitat for deer, elk, and turkey.
4 - 148
0
1
I 2
NEW RIVER • NORT
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
NEW RIVER • NORTH FORK • CANYON CREEK
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 14
14 - New River/North Fork/Canyon Creek
County: Trinity Ranger District: Big Bar Elevation: 1,382 to 5,800 feet National Forest Land: 57,722 acres
Description
A
Location:
The largest portion of this Management Area (MA) lies in the northwest corner of the Trinity National Forest ad- jacent to the Six Rivers National Forest. The remainder of the area is in the middle and eastern portions of the Big Bar Ranger District, south of the Trinity Alps.
Physical Environment:
This MA is composed of two separate areas. These areas are characterized by very steep, rugged terrain with the major drainage flowing from north to south. Occasional areas can be found with slope stability problems or erodible soils. Several county roads parallel portions of the rivers in this area in addition to providing access to the Trinity Alps Wilderness. The Hobo Gulch, Canyon Creek, New River, East Fork, and Jim Jam trailheads, plus several minor trailheads are located in this MA. Also found are three campgrounds and the Denny Guard Station. The area is within the following watersheds: East Fork of North Fork Trinity, North Fork Trinity, Canyon Creek, New River, Upper New River, and East Fork New River. All of these watersheds are major tributaries to the Trinity River.
Biological Environment:
Douglas-fir is the predominant tree species within the area. Ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar also grow here. Hardwood and brush species, such as tanoak, black oak, madrone, golden chinquapin, ceanothus, and manzanita are common. This MA con- tains 9,400 acres of suitable timber land. The East Fork of North Fork, North Fork, Canyon Creek, and the New River offer fair to excellent anadromous fisheries. An abundance of deer, bear and other wildlife species can be found in this MA. A portion of the area provides prime deer winter range for the New River subunit of the Weaverville deer herd. The spotted owl habitat conser- vation area C-1 1 covers a major portion of this MA. No sensitive plants have been documented here.
Sensitive Plants - This MA is scarcely known botanically. No sensitive plants have been documented from the area. Canyon Creek stonecrop may occur in the drainages into Canyon Creek and in the canyon itself. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Fishing and hiking are the two most popular forms of recreation. Portions of the Big Bar grazing allotment lie within this area. The area was extensively mined during the California gold rush and the Depression. Some min- ing still takes place today. This MA provides important access to the Trinity Alps Wilderness. Twenty-one miles of the New River and the lower portion of the North Fork were included as part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System in 1 981 (see map in Appendix E of the Draft EIS). Habitat management for the New River deer herd, spotted owls, steelhead, and salmon is an important consideration. Maintaining diversity is also important.
Desired Future Condition
B
The New River and North Fork Trinity Wild and Scenic River Plan and the Forest Land and Resource Manage- ment Plan are being used to direct certain management activities. These activities relate to recreation, cultural resources, fisheries and wildlife management, watershed improvement, special uses and mining, and vegetation management. All activities are aimed at maintaining forest health and vigor and providing improved or en- hanced habitat conditions for threatened or endangered species. Additionally, the anadromous fish populations, which are recognized to be the outstanding remarkable value for the wild and scenic North Fork Trinity River and New River, are enhanced and protected during all management activities.
This area is rich in historic and prehistoric cultural resour- ces. The location, identification, and cataloging of sites and the development of interpretive displays regarding cultural resources is continuing.
Fisheries, wildlife, and watershed enhancement projects, based on ecological unit inventories, habitat surveys, and various management plans, are providing habitat condi- tions to maintain the ecosystems within the MA. Chapar- ral management continues to provide excellent habitat for deer and other game species.
The recreational opportunities offered in the MA include: camping, swimming, fishing, hunting, and mineral prospecting.
All riparian ecosystems are healthy and productive in terms of indigenous flora and fauna. Canyon Creek is stabilized, and spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous fish is improving.
Forest management activities emphasize silvicultural practices aimed at sustaining healthy ecosystems. Regu- lated yields of forest products are compatible with other resource objectives.
4-151
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 4
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-17 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Tabie 4-17
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 14
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
1,817 |
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
562 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
2,290 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
198 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
3,919 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
43,817 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
4,744 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
365 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
10 |
|
Total |
57,722 |
Supplemental Management
D Direction
1. Develop on-site interpretation of selected historic features which are considered as significant by the State Historic Preservation Office and which are ac- cessible to public areas.
2. Upgrade the surfacing on the Forests' arterial road system.
3. Upgrade the surfacing on the Forests' campground road system.
4. Assess roaded stream crossings and upgrade where necessary to meet riparian management standards.
5. Emphasize the long-term improvement of anadromous fisheries habitat by assessing channel capacity for modification and developing projects based on the assessments. Projects could include barrier removal, rearing habitat enhancement, and riparian planting.
6. Acquire undeveloped private lands along the New River and isolated parcels in the upper New River area.
7. Dispose of isolated National Forest lands in Canyon Creek between Cwin Gulch and Conrad Gulch.
8. Continue the comprehensive cannabis prevention and eradication plan and monitor its effectiveness.
9. Develop trailheads and visitor information services at wilderness entrance points.
10. Develop and implement comprehensive public awareness programs concerning recreation, fishing, hunting, backpacking, whitewater rafting, and camp- ing opportunities in the New River drainage.
11. Implement identified watershed improvement projects.
1 2. Maintain or improve selected habitats for T&E&S and game species.
4 - 152
<§■ 50$? fiREENMTN \
I 2 9 |
MANAGEMENT AREA 15
TRINITY RIVER
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 5
15 - Trinity River
County: Trinity Ranger District: Big Bar Elevation: 1,000 - 6,200 feet National Forest Land: 89,995 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Trinity River Management Area (MA) is located in the north central part of the Trinity National Forest. It lies south of the Trinity Alps Wilderness.
Physical Environment:
The mainstem of the Trinity River, which flows east to west through the middle of this MA, dominates the area. Running parallel to the Trinity River is State Highway 299, a major transportation tie between U.S. 101 and Inter- state 5. Located within this MA are the Big Bar Ranger Station, the Junction City and Burnt Ranch Guard Sta- tions, six developed Forest Service campgrounds, the Hayfork Bally and Ironsides lookouts and electronic sites, and several rest stops. The Trinity River, with its clear water, deep gorges, and cascading waterfalls, offers high scenic value. Watersheds within this MA are the sources for many domestic water supplies. The area is within the Burnt Ranch and Helena watersheds. Many portions of this area are very unstable and have highly erodible soils, particularly the steep canyon lands and many tributary watersheds. Del Loma Cave is one of several unique geologic features in the area.
Biological Environment:
Douglas-fir is the predominant tree species within the area. Ponderosa pine, sugar pine, digger pine, and many hardwood and brush species, such as tanoak, madrone, golden chinquapin, ceanothus, and manzanita also grow here. This MA contains 19,500 acres of suitable timber land. Grass thrives on the south facing slopes. The Trinity River drainage provides important deer winter range. Bald eagles, golden eagles, pileated woodpeck- ers, ospreys, peregrine falcons, great blue herons, band- tailed pigeons and hooded mergansers frequent the area. Portions of two spotted owl habitat conservation areas C-1 1 and C-12 are located within this MA. This drainage also provides habitat for the Trinity bristle snail. The Trinity River has an important anadromous fishery. Little of the area has been explored botanically, and no sensi- tive plants are known to inhabit this AAA.
Sensitive Plants - Little of the area has been explored botanically, and no sensitive plants are known to inhabit the MA.
Management of the Area:
Fishing, hunting, camping, swimming, gold panning, whitewater rafting, and kayaking are popular recreation pursuits within this MA. Extensive gold mining took place in the past, and many gold dredging operations are still active today. These operations vary from year-round mining to dredging for summer recreation. Segments of the Trinity River are designated as Recreation and Scenic within the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Habitat management for the New River deer herd and threatened, endangered, and sensitive (TE&S) species is an important objective.
Desired Future Condition
B
The Trinity Wild and Scenic River Plan and Forest Land and Resource Management Plan direct management activities. These activities relate to recreation, cultural resources, fisheries and wildlife management, watershed improvement, special uses and mining, and vegetation management. All activities are aimed at producing op- portunities for the public while maintaining forest health and vigor.
This MA is rich in historic and prehistoric cultural resour- ces. The location, identification, and cataloging of sites and the development of interpretive displays regarding cultural resources is continuing.
Fisheries, wildlife, and watershed enhancement projects, based on ecological unit inventories, habitat surveys, and the various management plans, are providing habitat conditions to maintain viable ecosystems within the MA. Wildlife viewing and interpretation are important com- ponents of the Wild and Scenic River Management Plan.
The recreational opportunities offered in the MA include: camping, swimming, fishing, recreational gold panning, whitewater sports, and scenic viewing. A variety of facilities is developed and maintained at major access sites and use areas to adequately meet the needs of the public and maintain other resource values.
Vegetated riparian areas have expanded as a result of the regulated streamflow provided by the Central Valley Project. Efforts are being made to maintain a healthy pre-dam riverine ecosystem on the mainstem and pre- mining conditions on anadromous tributaries. This in- cludes some modification to the expanded riparian areas along the mainstem Trinity River.
Forest management activities emphasize silvicultural practices aimed at sustaining healthy ecosystems while providing for regulated yields of forest products where compatible with other resource objectives.
The Visual Quality Objectives meet the designation standards for Highway 299. As a scenic byway, the
4 - 155
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 5
corridor is used for the viewing enjoyment of the public. Viewing portals that include interpretive sites and trail accesses have been developed along Highway 299.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-18 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-18
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 15
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
109 |
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
1,685 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
29,352 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
319 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
15,671 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
29,046 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
11,812 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
1,590 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
41 1 |
|
Total |
89,995 |
SuppSementaS Management
D Direction
1. Develop site-specific management plans for sig- nificant and historic homesteads in the area.
2. Upgrade the surfacing on the Forests' arterial road system.
3. Upgrade the surfacing on the Forests' campground road system.
4. Assess roaded stream crossings and upgrade where necessary to meet riparian management standards.
5. Emphasize anadromous fisheries habitat manage- ment.
6. Use National Forest lands in the Hocker Flat, Bull Gulch, and Dutch Creek areas west of Junction City and the National Forest lands west of Burnt Ranch as a land exchange base. Acquire undeveloped private lands, especially those near the Trinity River.
7. Improve trail access to the Trinity River.
8. Continue coordination of whitewater rafting activities on the Trinity River with other agenices and Forests.
9. Manage commercial rafting in Burnt Ranch and New River Gorge to provide a quality recreational ex- perience which is compatible with the classification of that river segment.
10. Develop a management plan for the Del Loma Cave.
1 1 . Plan and conduct management activities so that domestic water quality is maintained.
12. Implement identified watershed improvement projects.
1 3. Maintain or improve selected habitats for T&E&S and game species.
4 - 156
I private lands, lying within the boundaries of this magement Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Shasta-Trinity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
MANAGEMENT AREA 16
CORRAL BOTTOM
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 16
1 6 - Corral Bottom
County: Trinity Ranger District: Big Bar Elevation: 2,400 - 5,100 feet National Forest Land: 24,403 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Corral Bottom Management Area (MA) is located in the southwest portion of the Big Bar District adjacent to the northern boundary of the Hayfork Ranger District.
Physical Environment:
The area consists of well-forested, gently-sloping lands. The primary streams in this area are Corral, Clark, and Allen Creeks. All streams flow towards the South Fork Trinity River. The area is within the Gulch and Corral Creek watersheds. The Gulch watershed has a high risk of undergoing cumulative watershed effects due to past management activities and recent wildfires. Soils in some portions of this area are extremely erodible, and there are some existing erosion problems. This area has a well-developed transportation system and includes a major power transmission corridor.
Biological Environment:
Douglas-fir is the predominant tree species; ponderosa pine, white fir, and sugar pine are also common. Many hardwood and brush species, such as tanoak, madrone, golden chinquapin, ceanothus, and manzanita are also present. This MA contains 8,700 acres of suitable timber land and a large proportion of highly productive timber land. The area has an abundance of deer, bear, and other wildlife species. The fisher and Trinity bristle snail are also found in this MA. A spotted owl habitat conser- vation area (HCA) C-12 covers a major portion of this MA.
Sensitive Plants - Little is known about this MA botani- cally. One sensitive plant, Howell's lewisia, probably occurs in the area. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Dispersed recreation activities emphasize big game hunt- ing, woodcutting, camping and fishing. A portion of the Eltapom, Corral Creek, and Big Bar range allotments are within the boundaries of this MA. Habitat management for the Hayfork deer herd, black bear, spotted owls, Trinity bristle snail and fisher is an important resource activity. Timber harvesting is an important consideration on areas outside spotted owl HCAs.
Desired Future Condition
B
The South Fork Trinity River Wild and Scenic River Plan and the Forest Land and Resource Management Plan direct management activities. These activities relate to cultural resources, fisheries and wildlife management, watershed improvement, special uses and mining, and vegetation management. All activities are aimed at main- taining forest health and vigor and providing improved or enhanced habitat conditions for threatened or en- dangered species.
This MA is rich in historic and prehistoric cultural resour- ces. The location, identification, and cataloging of sites and the development of interpretive displays regarding cultural resources is continuing.
Fisheries, wildlife, and watershed enhancement projects, based on ecological unit inventories, habitat surveys, and various management plans, are providing habitat condi- tions to maintain the viable ecosystems within the MA - especially for threatened, endangered, sensitive, and game species. All riparian ecosystems are healthy and productive in terms of indigenous flora and fauna. Water quality and habitat conditions are in excellent condition for both the anadromous fishery Eltapom Creek and residential fishery Corral Creek basins.
The recreational opportunities offered in the MA include: hunting, dispersed camping, and fishing along streams and flat areas. Winter sports activities are increasing; these include snowmobiling and cross-country skiing. Some facilities are developed and maintained at major use areas to adequately meet the needs of the public.
Forest management activities emphasize silvicultural practices aimed at sustaining healthy ecosystems. Regu- lated yields of forest products are compatible with other resource objectives.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-19 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
4 - 159
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 6
Table 4-19
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 16
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
1 |
Unroaded N on-motorized Rec. |
461 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
2,596 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
13,859 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
7,210 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
277 |
|
Total |
24,403 |
Supplemental Management
D Direction
1. Protect rock outcrops from excavation until they have been surveyed for Howell's lewisia.
2. Upgrade the surfacing on the Forests' arterial road
system.
3. Upgrade the surfacing on the Forests' campground road system.
4. Assess roaded stream crossings and upgrade where necessary to meet riparian management standards.
5. Maintain or improve habitat conditions for resident coldwater trout with emphasis on sediment control and cover.
6. When considering lands for acquisition, evaluate ex- isting erosion problems and their effects on T&E&S species.
7. Develop a Coordinated Resource Management Plan between Federal agencies and private landholders to protect all resource values.
8. Implement identified watershed improvement projects.
9. Maintain or improve selected habitats for T&E&S (particularly the northern spotted owl and fisher) and game species.
4-160
Ail private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
MANAGEMENT AREA 17
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 7
1 7 - Hayfork Creek
County: Trinity Ranger District: Hayfork Elevation: 1,250 to 6,300 feet National Forest Land: 36,366 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Hayfork Creek Management Area (MA) is located along the northern boundary of the Hayfork Ranger District. The western boundary is formed by the South Fork Trinity River.
Physical Environment:
The area is characterized by long, continuous, south- facing slopes broken by the many tributaries of Hayfork Creek. Side slopes of these streams are moderate to steep. Prominent landmarks are Pattison Peak, Rays Peak, and Underwood Mountain. Slope instability and highly erodible soils are management concerns in por- tions of this MA. The area is within the Gulch, Corral, and Lower Hayfork watersheds. The Gulch watershed was affected by recent wildfires and is susceptible to cumulative watershed impacts.
Biological Environment:
Large brushfields of manzanita, chamise, other xeric shrubs, scattered knobcone pine, and digger pine dominate much of the area. Mixed conifer forests are found on north-facing slopes, at higher elevations, and in fingers and pockets along streamcourses and bench areas. This MA contains 9,600 acres of suitable timber land. A spotted owl habitat conservation area Cl 2 lies within this MA. It also contains habitat which supports deer, black bear, Trinity bristle snail, bald eagle, fisher, steelhead, and salmon.
Sensitive Plants - Suitable habitat exists within the MA for Niles' madia, pale yellow stonecrop, and Howell's lewisia, but this habitat has not yet been surveyed botani- cally. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
There are important recreational and scenic values along the South Fork Trinity River and Hayfork Creek Canyon areas. Hayfork Creek, from 9 Mile Bridge to its con- fluence with the South Fork Trinity River, is being proposed for inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system. Anadromous fisheries are very important. Wildlife habitat management is also an important con- sideration.
Approximately 12,550 acres of wildland vegetation were burned during October, 1987. Within the burned area,
the primary management emphasis is on reforestation. Concurrently, other opportunities will be explored for the long term recovery of the watersheds as well as wildlife ana fisheries habitat. Special emphasis should be placed on the short term maintenance of emergency erosion control structures that were put in place after the fires were contained. Close monitoring of the burned area should provide early detection of undesirable situations.
Desired Future Condition
B
The Hayfork Creek Wild and Scenic River Plan and the Forest Land and Resource Management Plan direct management activities.
The landscape of this MA is generally natural in ap- pearance with some evidence of human modification or manipulation. All serai stages are represented forming a visually diverse mosaic. Areas burned by wildfire during 1987 are regenerated with well stocked pole-sized mixed conifer/hardwood forest vegetation. Riparian manage- ment zones support thriving vegetation. Human presence is common in areas close to population centers.
Semi-primitive non-motorized recreation opportunities are available in the unroaded areas of this MA. Recreationists are enjoying the wild and scenic values of the South Fork Trinity River.
Vegetation is being managed to maintain and enhance forest health. Conifer plantations are healthy and vigorous. Under-stocked and poor-growing conifer stands are being replaced by young, thrifty, fast-growing stands. Regulated wood fiber yields are consistent with ecosystem sustainability.
Anadromous fisheries habitat is available in Hayfork, Bear, and Miners Creek. Habitat in the South Fork of the Trinity River can sustain native fisheries runs all year.
Threatened, endangered, sensitive and other wildlife species populations are stable.
Archaeological sites are protected through stabilization, patrolling and limiting public access. Because the ar- chaeological sites located in the Hyampom Valley are important in understanding early Native American and early settler use of the valley, special emphasis is placed on a long-term program of scientific research .
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-20 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
4-163
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 7
Table 4-20
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 17
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
16,092 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
1,529 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
65 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
5,635 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
4,102 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
8,057 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
846 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
40 |
|
Total |
36,366 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Protect rock outcrops from excavation until they have been surveyed for pale yellow stonecrop and Howell's lewisia.
2. Search suitable habitat for Niles' madia.
3. Establish a long-term study of the prehistoric and early historic settlement archaeological site in the Hyampom Valley. This study would include a Re- search Design, a data gathering phase through site testing, mitigation, and an evaluation program to determine eligibility to the National Register of His- toric Places. Establish partnerships with Universities or other institutions.
4. Develop a management plan for archaeological sites that are affected by grazing, vehicular traffic, camp- ing, and vandalism.
5. Maintain or improve selected habitat for steelhead and salmon with emphasis on spawning, rearing, and streamside cover areas, as well as barrier removal.
6. In cooperation with the DFC, develop and implement a species management plan for spring-run chinook and summer steelhead for the South Fork Trinity River.
7. Emphasize recreational and scenic values along the South Fork Trinity River and Hayfork Creek Canyon areas.
8. Develop an interpretive plan for sites in the Hyam- pom Valley. The plan will specify sites to be inter- preted and methods of interpretation.
9. When implementing projects, recognize the poten- tial for cumulative watershed effects, especially within the Gulch watershed.
1 0. Identify two watersheds in granite terrain that should be monitored. One watershed is to be monitored as a managed watershed and the other is to be monitored as a control watershed.
1 1 . Evaluate Hayfork Creek from 9-Mile Bridge to Hyam- pom to determine its suitability for Interim Artificial Propagation (IAP).
12. Recommend and manage Hayfork Creek, from 9- Mile Bridge to its confluence with the South Fork Trinity River, as a component of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.
13. Subsequent to designation by Congress, prepare a Wild and Scenic River Management Plan for National Forest lands within the Hayfork Creek corridor.
14. Assess brushfields for multi-resource management opportunities, especially to enhance wildlife forage values.
1 5. Maintain or improve selected habitat for deer, black bear, fisher, and spotted owls.
4 - 164
All private lands, lying within the bound. Management Area, are excluded from th
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale
Chapter 4 - Management Area 18
18 - Hayfork
County: Trinity Ranger District: Hayfork Elevation: 1,600 to 6,275 feet National Forest Land: 89,156 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Hayfork Management Area (MA) surrounds the Hayfork Valley and lies on both sides of the Hayfork Divide.
Physical Environment:
The area is characterized by moderate to steep slopes adjacent to tributaries of Browns Creek, Hayfork Creek, and Salt Gulch. Prominent land features include Wells Mountain, Sugarloaf Peak, Hoosimbim Mountain, Hayfork Summit, Morgan Hill, Plummer Peak, Tule Divide, Thompson Peak, Barker Mountain, and Sims Cap. An electronic site is located on Plummer Peak. The area contains the primary source of domestic water for the community of Hayfork. The area is within the Helena Creek, Browns Creek, Hayfork, Upper Hayfork, Big Creek, and Salt Creek watersheds. Portions of the area have highly erodible soils. Unique geologic features are located at the gorge in the upper portion of Browns Creek and at Naturaf Bridge. There has been a long history of minerals development in this MA. State Highway 3 runs through the area.
Biological Environment:
The area supports a mixed conifer forest of ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, sugar pine, incense-cedar, white fir, and red fir. Hardwoods consist mainly of black oak, Oregon oak, live oak, and madrone. This MA contains 35,800 acres of suitable timber land. Scattered throughout the area are brushfields of manzanita, chamise, deer brush, whitethorn, and ceanothus. Impor- tant habitat for deer, black bear, goshawk, fisher, Trinity bristle snail, steelhead and salmon is found in the area. A portion of two category 1 through 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C-1 2, C-14) is located within this MA. A furbearer (marten and fisher) habitat management area is located here.
Sensitive Plants - Brandegee's eriastrum, Peanut sandwort, and pale yellow stonecrop inhabit this MA. There is also suitable habitat for Niles' madia that has not yet been surveyed botanically. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Timber and grazing are important resource management activities. Habitat management for fisheries and wildlife
is also an important activity. Portions of the Salt Creek, Tule Creek, Grassy Flats, and Hayfork Divide grazing allotments are located here. Some mining takes place, and the potential exists for significant increases. State Highway 3 has been designated as a State Scenic High- way.
Approximately 5,010 acres of wildland vegetation were burned during October, 1987. Within the burned area, the primary management emphasis is on reforestation activities. Concurrently, other opportunities will be ex- plored for the long term recovery of the watersheds as well as wildlife and fisheries habitat. Special emphasis should be placed on the short term maintenance of emergency erosion control structures that were put in place after the fires were contained. Close monitoring of the burned area should provide for early detection of undesirable situations.
Special Areas:
Natural Bridge is proposed for classification as a geologic Special Interest Area (SIA).
Desired Future Condition
B
The landscape of this MA is natural in appearance with evidence of human modification and manipulation. All serai stages are represented; they form a visually diverse mosaic. Riparian management zones support thriving vegetation. Human presence is common due to the close proximity of this MA to population centers.
Natural Bridge has been classified as a geologic SIA.
Interpretive recreation opportunities are available to the general public and educational institutions.
Vegetation is being managed to maintain or enhance forest health. Conifer plantations are healthy and vigorous. Under-stocked and poor-growing conifer stands are being replaced by young, thrifty, fast-growing stands. Regulated wood fiber yields are consistent with ecosystem sustainability.
Hayfork, Big, Salt and Tule Creeks are capable of sup- porting sustainable populations of anadromous fish.
Threatened, endangered, sensitive and other wildlife species populations are stable.
Archaeological sites are protected through stabilization, patrolling, and limiting public access. Monitoring is em- phasized at sites heavily impacted by dispersed recrea- tional activities. Research is being carried out by university archaeological departments on both prehis- toric and historic cultural resources.
4 - 167
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 8
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-21 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-21
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 18
Number Name Acres
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
60 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
17,486 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
21,923 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
30,404 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
17,390 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
1,534 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
180 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
179 |
|
Total |
89,156 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Protect rock outcrops from excavation until they have been surveyed for pale yellow stonecrop.
2. Survey suitable habitat for Niles' madia.
3. Develop an interpretive plan for the Natural Bridge Site in partnership with the Native American com- munity.
4. Develop an interpretive plan for sites along Hayfork Creek. The Plan should specify sites to be interpreted and methods of interpretation.
5. Develop a management plan for cultural sites that are affected by grazing, vehicular traffic, camping, and vandalism.
6. Maintain or improve selected habitat for steelhead and salmon with emphasis on spawning, rearing, and streamside cover areas.
7. Recognize Public Law 167 stipulations to surface rights on mining claims located in Sections 1 3, 1 8, 1 9, and 24, T32N, R11 and 12W (20 acres); in Sections 21 and 28, T31N, R11W (40 acres); and in Sections 21, 28, 23, 26, T31N, R11W(160 acres).
8. Emphasize firewood availability.
9. Plan and conduct any activity in the Big Creek Water- shed so that domestic water quality is protected for the community of Hayfork.
1 0. Maintain or improve selected habitat for the Hayfork deer herd, black bear, fisher, and spotted owl.
4 - 168
W-est,
\Creek^f^
|
\ ^ ®\ z*''' |
|
o
MANAGEMENT AREA 19
INDIAN VALLEY • RATTLESNAKE
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 9
19 - Indian Valley/Rattlesnake
County: Trinity Ranger District: Hayfork Elevation: 1,300 to 5,800 feet National Forest Land: 123,411 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Indian Valley/Rattlesnake Management Area (MA) is located west and southwest of the community of Hayfork.
Physical Environment:
The area is characterized by long, broad ridges breaking into the South Fork T rinity River and Hayfork Creek. Long serpentine ridges, such as Rattlesnake and Blue Point, are also common. Other prominent features are Friend Mountain, Grassy Mountain, Copper Hill, Rattlesnake Creek, and the South Fork Trinity River. Slope stability problems are common in steep canyon grounds and within the lower Butter Creek, Deep Gulch, and Indian Valley Creek watersheds. Highly erodible soils are found scattered throughout the area. This MA is within the Lower Hayfork, Butter, Plummer, Smoky, Rattlesnake, and Salt Creek watersheds. Rattlesnake Creek and But- ter Creek watersheds are at high risk of undergoing cumulative watershed effects due to past management activities and recent wildfires. Unusual geologic features include the limestone outcrops of Limedyke Mountain, Marble Caves, and the limestone caves and gorge at Butter Creek.
Biological Environment:
The forested areas are composed of mixed conifers, with white and red fir growing at the higher elevations. Scat- tered throughout the area is Jeffrey pine, digger pine, incense-cedar, large brushfields, and various grasses. The area includes a large amount of highly productive timber land, much of which is sparsely stocked with conifers. This MA contains 80,300 acres of suitable timber land. Habitat supporting the Hayfork deer herd, black bear, pileated woodpecker, goshawk, and spotted owls is found in the area. A portion of two category 1 through 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C-13, C-14) is located within this MA. Streams within the area support steelhead and salmon.
Sensitive Plants - Niles' madia, pale yellow stonecrop, and Peanut sandwort inhabit this MA. The entire geographic range of Niles' madia is contained in this MA. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
Timber harvesting, recreation activities, and grazing take place within this MA. Recreation opportunities are oriented to the South Fork Trinity River and are con- centrated near Forest Glen. Nearly all or portions of the following grazing allotments are located here: Grassy Flats, Butter Creek, Tule Creek, and Post Creek. The South Fork Trinity River is proposed for addition to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system. About eight miles of the South Fork National Recreation Trail (NRT) are located in this area. Habitat management for the Hayfork deer herd, black bear, and goshawks is an important consideration. Maintaining diversity is also important.
Approximately 33,235 acres of wildland vegetation were burned during October, 1987. Within the burned area, the primary management emphasis is on reforestation activities. Concurrently, other opportunities will be ex- plored for the long term recovery of the watersheds, as well as wildlife and fisheries habitat. Special emphasis should be placed on the short-term maintenance of emergency erosion control structures that were put in place after the fires were contained. Close monitoring of the burned area should provide for early detection of undesirable situations.
Special Area:
Smoky Creek Research Natural Area (RNA) (960) acres is recommended for establishment.
Desired Future Condition
B
The landscape within this MA is natural in appearance with evidence of human modification and manipulation. All serai stages are represented; they form a visually diverse mosaic. Areas burned by wildfire during 1987 are regenerated with well stocked pole-sized mixed con- ifer/hardwood forest vegetation. Riparian management zones support a thriving vegetation.
Recreationists are enjoying the wild and scenic values of the South Fork Trinity River.
Vegetation is being managed to maintain or enhance forest health. Conifer plantations are healthy and vigorous. Under-stocked and poor-growing conifer stands are being replaced by young, thrifty, fast-growing stands. Regulated wood fiber yields are consistent with ecosystem sustainability.
The South Fork of the Trinity River, Hayfork, Butter, Rusch, Bear Wallow, Little Bear Wallow, Plummer, Rattlesnake, and Smoky Creeks are capable of support- ing sustainable anadromous fish populations.
4-171
Chapter 4 - Management Area 1 9
Cumulative watershed effects have been reduced through management activities such as road obliteration and restoration.
Threatened, endangered, sensitive and other wildlife species populations are stable.
The Indian Valley Environmental Education Camp is providing educational opportunities for students and teachers. Here they learn about the wise use, care and responsibility of the environment and to promote a better understanding of multiple use resource management.
Archaeological sites are protected through stabilization, patrolling, and limiting public access. Monitoring is em- phasized at sites heavily impacted by dispersed recrea- tional activities. Research is being carried out by university archaeological departments on prehistoric and historic cultural resources.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-22 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-22
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 19
Number Name Acres
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
10,464 |
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
627 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
23,395 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
397 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
4,630 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
19,447 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
60,565 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
2,697 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
943 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
246 |
|
Total |
123,411 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1 . Survey suitable habitat for additional populations of Niles' madia.
2. Protect rock outcrops from excavation until they have been surveyed for pale yellow stonecrop.
3. Protect the type localities of Niles' madia and pale yellow stonecrop for their scientific value.
4. Develop a management plan for archaeological sites that are effected by grazing, vehicular traffic, erosion, camping, and vandalism.
5. Maintain or improve selected habitat for steelhead and salmon with emphasis on spawning, rearing, and streamside cover areas, along with sediment control.
6. Develop a site plan for the Scott FlatTrailhead on the South Fork (NRT).
7. Establish an interpretive plan for sites in Indian Valley. The plan will specify sites to be interpreted and methods of interpretation. Adapt the interpretive plan to the interest of young children who will be attending the Environmental Education Camp at In- dian Valley.
8. Maintain Dubakella Mountain in its present condition pending evaluation as a Special Interest Area.
9. Rehabilitate poorly or sparsely-stocked suitable tim- ber land.
10. When implementing projects within ecosystem management areas, recognize the potential for mass wasting and severe watershed damage. This is par- ticularly true in the inner gorges along the South Fork Trinity River.
1 1 . Identify watershed and fisheries improvement oppor- tunities within the Rattlesnake Creek watershed.
12. When planning projects, recognize the potential for cumulative watershed effects, especially within the Rattlesnake Creek and Butter Creek watersheds.
1 3. Subsequent to designation by Congress, prepare and revise a Wild and Scenic River Management Plan for National Forest lands within the proposed corridors of the South Fork Trinity River.
14. Manage selected habitat for deer, black bear, and goshawks.
4-172
Trinity Alps Wilderness lands administered by other Forests or agencie
Shasta-Trinity National Forests
Yolla Boliy-Middle Eel Wilderness lands administered by other forests
* Management Area boundaries and land net are only approximate at this scale
Management Area Boundaries, Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate at this scale.
MANAGEMENT AREA 20
SOUTH FORK MOUNTAIN
All private lands, lying within the boundaries of this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process.
SCALE
2 3 * SBIIM
Shasta-Trmity National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
Chapter 4 - Management Area 20
20 - South Fork Mountain
Counties: Trinity/Humboldt Ranger Districts: Hayfork/Yolla Bolla Elevation: 1,200 to 6,070 feet National Forest Land: 79,134 acres
Description
A
Location:
The South Fork Mountain Management Area (MA) is located along the western boundary of the Trinity Na- tional Forest. It is bordered on the west by the Six Rivers National Forest.
Physical Environment:
This MA is moderate to steep and contains lands which are highly unstable. The area is drained by the South Fork Trinity River and its tributaries. The primary focal points are South Fork Mountain and the South Fork Trinity River. (South Fork Mountain is reported to be the longest continuous ridge in the world). The area is within the Hyampom, FI idden Valley, Happy Camp, and Upper South Fork Trinity watersheds. The Hyampom water- shed has a high risk of undergoing cumulative watershed effects due to past management activities and recent wildfires. Archaeological features, which have been nominated to the National Register of Historic Places, are concentrated in the Blake Mountain area. The South Fork Mountain area includes some of the most important archaeological resources identified on the Trinity Forest.
Biological Environment:
This area contains some of the heaviest concentrations of older over-mature stands remaining on the Shasta- Trinity National Forests. Mixed conifers, Douglas-fir, and red fir are the predominant species. The lower slopes support large areas of hardwoods, mainly tanoak, chin- quapin, and madrone. This MA contains 18,801 acres of suitable timber land and a large proportion of highly productive timber land. The older over-mature timber stands support populations of spotted owls and other species dependent on this type of habitat. A spotted owl habitat conservation area C-13 covers a large portion of this MA. The South Fork Trinity River supports an anadromous fishery. This area provides summer range for the Hayfork deer herd. A portion of a furbearer (marten and fisher) habitat management area is located here.
Sensitive Plants - Two sensitive plants are known from this MA: Umpqua green gentian and pale yellow stonecrop. A unique set of eaaphic features has resulted in a high level of botanical diversity along the east side of South Fork Mountain, about which little is known. These meadow habitats and surrounding plant com- munities may contain unique botanical components
which are not presently known. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
This MA is highly suitable for timber, range, wildlife, and dispersed and developed recreation activities. The area contains all or part of three grazing allotments. There are 12 recreation residences under special use permit. Portions of the South Fork Trinity River, downstream from Forest Glen, are Wild, Scenic, and Recreation com- ponents of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system. From Forest Glen upstream, an additional 25 miles of the South Fork Trinity River have been inventoried and proposed as an addition to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system. Almost all of this mileage lies within the geologically unstable inner gorge.
Approximately 4,450 acres of wildland vegetation were burned during October, 1 987. Within the burned area, the primary management emphasis is on reforestation activities. Concurrently, other opportunities will be ex- plored for the long term recovery of the watersheds as well as wildlife and fisheries habitat. Special emphasis should be placed on the short term maintenance of emergency erosion control structures that were put in place after the fires were contained. Close monitoring of the burned area should provide for early detection of undesirable situations.
Special Areas:
Rough Gulch (3,960 acres) is being proposed for Re- search Natural Area (RNA) designation.
Desired Future Condition
B
The landscape within this MA is natural in appearance with a continuous forest vegetative cover representing many size classes, but primarily older serai stages. The majority of the area is in older serai stages which exhibit old-growth characteristics. Riparian management zones support thriving vegetation.
The entire stretch of the South Fork Trinity River within this MA has been designated as a Wild and Scenic River and mangement plans are in place. Recreationists are enjoying dispersed and developed activities such as hiking, fishing, camping and wildlife viewing.
Vegetation is being managed primarily to support old- growth dependent species. Populations of spotted owl and other old growth-dependent species are stable.
Anadromous fisheries habitat can sustain native fisheries runs year-round. Neotropical migratory birds are normal- ly found within the river zone.
The Rough Gulch RNA has been established.
4 - 175
Chapter 4 - Management Area 20
Roads and stream channels are stable, and maintenace and soil erosion needs are minimal. The Forest Service has entered into Coordinated Resource Management Plans (CRMP) with private land owners to ensure that common problems/projects are shared cooperatively.
Archaeological sites are protected through stabilization, patrolling, and limiting public access. Monitoring is em- phasized at sites heavily impacted by dispersed recrea- tional activities. Research is being carried out by university archaeological departments on both prehis- toric and historic cultural resources.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-23 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-23
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 20
|
Number |
Name |
Acres |
|
I 1 : |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
4,106 |
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
5,986 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
1,223 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
40 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
3,523 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
40,110 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
18,801 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
908 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
4,162 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
275 |
|
Total |
79,134 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Maintain an active program of site protection and monitoring to preserve archaeological and scientific values along the crest of South Fork Mountain.
2. Establish a long term study of the prehistoric and early historic settlement sites along South Fork Mountain. This study would include a research design, a data gathering phase through site testing and mitigation, and an evaluation program to deter- mine the sites' eligibility for the National Register of
Historic Places. Establish partnerships with Univer- sities or other institutions.
3. Develop a management plan for cultural sites that are effected by grazing, vehicular traffic, camping, and vandalism.
4. Maintain or improve selected habitat for steelhead and salmon with emphasis on spawning, rearing, and streamside cover areas.
5. In cooperation with the DFG, develop and implement a species management plan for spring-run chinook and summer steelhead for the South Fork Trinity River.
6. Do not acquire the lands known as the "University Hill Property" in the northern portion of this MA.
7. Continue to enforce anti-cultivation laws.
8. Develop an interpretive plan for the Historic Forest Glen Guard Station. The plan would specify methods for interpreting the station.
9. Evaluate the meadow areas on the east side to deter- mine if cattle grazing is resulting in decreased biodiversity and degradation of plant communities. Implement mitigation efforts if necessary.
10. Within riparian areas of the South Fork Trinity River consider the following:
a. Encourage camping and other dispersed recrea- tion activities that are compatible with the Nation- al Wild and Scenic Rivers classifications.
b. Maintain existing foot trails to levels commen- surate with public use and resource protection. To minimize poaching, avoid building access trails that lead to spring-run chinook holding habitats.
c. Request that the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) withdraw these areas from mineral prospecting and development.
d. Control wildfires using fire suppression methods which have the least impact on soils, water, and vegetation. Hand-tool fireline construction will be used unless a large fire potential dictates other methods.
1 1 . Maintain Blake Mountain in its present condition pending evaluation as a Special Interest Area.
1 2. Continue to work with private landowners to identify and correct sediment-producing land practices.
4-176
Chapter 4 - Management Area 20
13. When implementing land management activities, recognize the potential for mass wasting and severe watershed damage. This is particularly true in the inner gorges along the South Fork Trinity River.
14. Maintain or enhance the water quality of tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River.
1 5. Subsequent to designation by Congress, prepare and revise, as appropriate, a Wild and Scenic River Management Plan for National Forest lands within the proposed corridors of the South Fork Trinity River.
4 - 177
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4 - 178
MAr
All private lands, lying within the boundaries ot this Management Area, are excluded from the planning process
>/
SCALE
2 3
MANAGEMENT AREA 21
WILDWOOD
Shasta-Trimty National Forests
MANAGEMENT AREA LOCATION
Management Area Boundaries,
Land Net and interior delineations are only approximate
at this scale.
21 - Wildwood
County: Trinity Ranger District: Yolla Bolla Elevation: 3,100 to 5,500 feet National Forest Land: 65,294 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Wildwood Management Area (MA) is partially lo- cated along the northwestern edge of the Yolla Bolla District. It also lies north of and adjacent to the South Fork Trinity River. State Highway 36 traverses the north- ern portion of the area.
Physical Environment:
Topography is variable with steep, unstable areas along the South Fork Trinity River and its tributaries. More gentle slopes lie above these areas. One of the focal points in this area is the South Fork Trinity River. The area is within the Smoky, East Fork of the South Fork Trinity River, Upper South Fork Trinity, Upper Hayfork, and Browns Creek watersheds. Upper Hayfork Creek and the East Fork of the South Fork Trinity River are at high risk of undergoing cumulative watershed effects due to past management activities. Areas having highly erodible soils are found scattered throughout the area. Highly serpentinized soil types and some south slopes are either noncommercial forest lands or marginally suitable lands. Archaeological sites are scattered throughout the MA. Hall City Cave, an interesting geologic area, is located within this MA.
Biological Environment:
The area supports stands of commercial, mixed conifer timber. Vegetative types are extremely variable. The coastal Douglas-fir type can be found along the South Fork Trinity River. This MA contains 33,800 acres of suitable timber land and a large proportion of highly productive land. Browns Creek is one of the most im- portant tributaries of the Trinity River system for anadromous fish. Deer habitat in the area is good. Road and trail access provides spectacular views of the river and surrounding environment. Portions of two category 1 through 3 spotted owl habitat conservation areas (C- 13, C-14) are located within this MA.
Sensitive Plants - This MA is the center of distribution for Peanut sandwort and Stebbins' madia; both are serpen- tine endemics. Refer to Appendix P for additional infor- mation.
Management of the Area:
A wide variety of management activities is supported by diverse resources and facilities. This MA is generally
Chapter 4 - Management Area 21
suitable for timber production. The privately owned Deerlick Springs Resort lies along Browns Creek and has provided mineral springs for bathing and drinking since the 1870s. The main lodge was gutted by fire in early 1989; however, the owner intends to rebuild it. The government-owned Deerlick Springs Campground lies adjacent to the resort. All or a portion of two grazing allotments are located within this MA. The South Fork is proposed as an addition to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Habitat management for the Hayfork and Yolla Bolla deer herds, black bear, and anadromous fisheries is an important resource activity. Maintaining diversity is also important.
Special Areas:
A western azalea community, located along Bramlet Road, is recommended for designation as a botanical Special Interest Area (SIA).
Desired Future Condition
B
This MA exhibits a high degree of ecological diversity. It ranges from relatively continuous older serai stages in the northern portion to a mosaic of healthy, multi-aged timber stands in the southern portion. Younger serai stages predominate.
Wood products, such as sawlogs and biomass, provide economic stability to small communities dependent on these products. Reforestation and timber stand im- provement activities maintain vigorous timber stands to optimize growth and yield. These activities remain com- patible with the surrounding landscape. Activity fuels are treated primarily through the firewood program, thereby reducing the need for burning. This helps maintain air quality in the Class 1 airshed in the Wilderness to the south.
In the northern portion of the MA, old growth dependent species, such as the northern spotted owl, can be found. In the remainder of the area, timber management ac- tivities favor early serai stage dependent species. Disper- sal habitat is provided by continuous forest cover and in travel corridors along drainages. Nesting habitat and future snags are provided by retaining large trees within harvest units.
Road beds and drainages have become stable. Open road density has been reduced and, along with erosion control projects, water quality has been improved. Riparian and meadow enhancement projects have en- hanced habitat for neotropical migratory birds, deer, and amphibians. The East Fork and South Fork Trinity River are able to support year round runs of anadromous fish, primarily due to an active habitat improvement program. Grazing allotment plans have been updated and are ecologically compatible with these resource areas.
4-181
Chapter 4 - Management Area 21
The designation of State Highway 36 as a Scenic Byway has increased the need for developed and dispersed recreation opportunities in the MA. The designation of the South Fork Trinity River as a Wild and Scenic River has increased recreation opportunities for hiking, angling and wildlife viewing.
The heritage resource program provides a support ser- vice to activities such as timber management and in- creased minerals development. An interpretive program has been developed to depict both prehistoric and his- toric use of the area.
Cooperative law enforcement and fire prevention programs provide for protection of forest visitors and resources. Fire suppression programs provide for rapid initial attack deployment of resources, resulting in mini- mal acreage lost. The fuels management program provides for fuel reduction through utilization and natural fuels reduction.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-24 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-24
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 21
Number Name Acres
|
II |
Limited Roaded Motorized Rec. |
1,051 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
203 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
369 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
3,781 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
24,817 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
33,873 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
1,060 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
30 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
110 |
|
Total |
65,294 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1. Maintain an active program of site protection and monitoring to preserve archaeological and scientific values at sites determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.
2. Establish a long term study of the prehistoric and early historic sites along the East Fork and South Fork Trinity River. This study would include a research design, a data gathering phase through site testing and mitigation, and an evaluation program to deter- mine the sites' eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. Establish partnerships with Univer- sities or other institutions.
3. Develop a management plan for cultural sites that are affected by grazing, vehicular traffic, camping, and vandalism.
4. Maintain or improve selected habitat for steelhead and salmon with emphasis on spawning, rearing, and streamside cover areas.
5. In cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG), develop and implement special management plans for spring-run chinook and sum- mer steelhead for the South Fork Trinity River.
6. Maintain the Browns Creek fish habitat improvement structures.
7. Exchange out of the Deerlick Springs area.
8. Continue to enforce anti-cultivation laws.
9. Provide greater educational opportunities for the public.
10. Within riparian areas of the South Fork Trinity River consider the following:
a. Encourage camping and other dispersed recrea- tion activities that are compatible with the proposed National Wild and Scenic Rivers clas- sifications.
b. Maintain existing foot trails to levels commen- surate with public use and resource protection. To minimize poaching, avoid building access trails that lead to spring-run chinook holding habitats.
c. Request that the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) withdraw these areas from mineral prospecting and development.
d. Control wildfires using fire suppression methods which have the least impact on soils, water, and vegetation. Hand-tool fireline construction will be used unless a large fire potential dictates other methods.
11. When implementing land management activities, recognize the potential for mass wasting and severe watershed damage. This is particularly true in the inner gorges along the East Fork and South Fork Trinity River.
4-182
Chapter 4 - Management Area 21
12. Maintain or enhance the water quality of tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River and Hayfork and Browns Creek.
13. Subsequent to designation by Congress, prepare a Wild and Scenic River Management Plan for National
Forest lands within the proposed corridors of the South Fork Trinity River.
14. Maintain or improve habitat for deer, black bear, and spotted owls.
4 - 183
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4 - 184
22 - Beegum
Counties: Shasta/Tehama Ranger District: Yolla Bolla Elevation: 2,000 to 6,000 feet National Forest Land: 75,718 acres
Description
A
Location:
The Beegum Management Area (MA) lies east of the Yolla Bolla Ranger District.
Physical Environment:
This MA is characterized by steep, rugged terrain at the lower elevations breaking off into more gentle terrain at the higher levels. One of its most prominent features is Beegum Gorge. The Gorge lies along the Middle and South Forks of Beegum Creek. The area is within the Beegum, South Fork Cottonwood, and the Middle Fork Cottonwood Creek watersheds. Highly serpentinized soil types and most south slopes are either non-commer- cial forest lands or marginally suitable lands. Ar- chaeological sites are located throughout the MA. Chromium ore was mined from the Gorge in the 1930s and 1940s. Much evidence of this activity remains in the form of tailing piles, old jeep roads, buildings, and aban- doned mining equipment. Wells Creek Falls, an impres- sive geologic area, is located in this MA. State Highway 36 traverses the area. The old, privately owned Midas Mine, one of the largest in California until the early 1 900s, is within the area.
Biological Environment:
Vegetation varies from chaparral at the lower elevations to mixed conifer at higher levels. This MA contains 33,600 acres of suitable timber land. Angling success in the Beegum Creek area is good. Much of the area is very good transitional range for deer. Hunter success is high. Portions of the MA provide foraging habitat for peregrine falcon and golden eagle. A portion of a spotted owl habitat conservation area C-14 is located within this MA.
Sensitive Plants - This MA is rich in botanical diversity because of the vast amount of serpentinized soils. Two sensitive plants inhabit the area: Howell's linanthus and Stebbins' madia. The entire geographic range of Howell's linanthus is contained in this MA. Refer to Appendix P for additional information.
Management of the Area:
The area is well roaded, and this contributes to a variety of resource management opportunities. Timber produc- tion and wildlife (deer habitat) management are em- phasized. There are two grazing allotments within this MA. There has been recent renewed interest in mining.
Chapter 4 - Management Area 22
A small portion of Beegum Creek from Beegum Gorge Campground to the Forest boundary is being proposed for inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.
Special Area:
Tedoc Mountain is recommended for designation as a botanical Special Interest Area (SIA).
Desired Future Condition
B
The Beegum Creek Wild and Scenic River Plan (a coor- dinated effort with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Forest Land and Resource Management Plan direct management activities.
This MA contains a high degree of ecological diversity as a result of land capability and management activities. About two thirds of this MA is located in the front zone or the interface between the Sacramento Valley and the east side of the Klamath Mountain Physiographic Province. This zone is comprised of barren lands, oak stands, gray pine stands, commercial conifer stands and a mosaic of chaparral brushfields in various stages of serai stage development. This is as a result of intensive deer habitat improvement and fuels reduction activities taking place in cooperation with adjacent land owners.
The remainder of the MA supports commercial conifer stands. All serai stages are represented as a result of forest management activities which provide economic stability to the wood products industry. These activities remain compatible with the landscape because of an ecological approach to forest management. Reforesta- tion and timber stand improvement activities maintain vigorous, healthy timber stands and optimize timber growth and yield. Activity fuels are treated through utilization and a firewood program. This helps maintain air quality in the Class 1 airshed in the wilderness to the south.
Through habitat manipulation of chaparral vegetation this area is able to support a variety of wildlife popula- tions. Deer, neotropical migratory birds, carnivorous species such as the mountain Sion, bobcat and coyote, and other species such as rabbits, ground squirrels and reptiles survive here. Foraging habitat is also improved for such species as the peregrine falcon, bald eagle, golden eagle and other raptors. Along the interface with conifer stands, black bear habitat is also provided. This habitat manipulation greatly reduces the potential for catastrophic wildfires.
Though timber harvest in the remainder of the MA favors early sera! stage dependent species, old growth habitat is managed in designated activity centers. Connectivity and dispersal habitat are provided for old growth de- pendent species by green tree retention in harvest units
4-187
Chapter 4 - Management Area 22
and untreated travel corridors along drainages. This is particularly true in the habitat conservation area located in the Wilderness to the south.
Road beds, drainages and stream channels are stable and erosion rates are consistent with the natural erosion processes. Through an integrated effort, meadows and riparian areas have been restored and grazing allotment plans have been updated so that grazing is compatible with these fragile ecosystems.
There has been a renewed interest in minerals develop- ment within the MA and, through an ecological ap- proach, this historic use is compatible with the surrounding landscape.
Management activities remain compatible with the water quality and fisheries programs. Anglers are able to lure native trout from the waters of Cold Fork Creek, Beegum Creek and the Middle Fork Cottonwood Creek.
Through an interpretive/educational program, these ac- tivities are compatible with travelers and recreationists using the Highway 36 Scenic Byway and other portions of this MA. The Cultural Resource Interpretive Center, located at the historic CCC era compound at Harrison Gulch, presents the tourist with a picture of the past. The Center displays prehistory, early travel routes, settle- ment, early mining and cattle grazing, historic lookouts, and the development of the district as a whole.
Cooperative law enforcement and fire prevention programs provide for protection of forest visitors and resources. Fire suppression programs provide for rapid initial attack deployment of resources, resulting in mini- mal acreage lost. The fuels management program provides for fuel reduction through utilization and natural fuels reduction.
Management Prescriptions
c
Table 4-25 depicts the acres of each management prescription within the management area. The manage- ment area map shows the location of the various prescriptions.
Table 4-25
Management Prescriptions for Management Area 22
Number Name Acres
|
1 |
Unroaded Non-motorized Rec. |
11,930 |
|
III |
Roaded Recreation |
10,444 |
|
IV |
Roaded, High Density Rec. |
406 |
|
VI |
Wildlife Habitat Management |
22,023 |
|
VII |
Threatened, Endangered and Selected Sensitive Species |
5,273 |
|
VIII |
Timber Management |
23,048 |
|
IX |
Riparian Management |
1,830 |
|
X |
Special Area Management |
714 |
|
XI |
Cultural Resource Management |
50 |
|
Total |
75,718 |
Supplemental Management D Direction
1 . Protect the type locality of Howell's linanthus for its scientific value, and conduct a thorough survey of suitable habitat. Coordinate with the BLM if the plant is found on adjacent BLM land.
2. Maintain an active program of site protection, monitoring, and interpretation to preserve ar- chaeological and scientific values for sites deter- mined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.
3. Develop an interpretive plan for the historic Harrison Gulch Ranger Station and the surrounding early min- ing communities.
4. Develop a management plan for cultural sites that are affected by grazing, vehicular traffic, camping, and vandalism.
5. Work with Shasta County to upgrade the Harrison Gulch Road and make it more suitable for commer- cial haul traffic.
6. Continue to enforce anti-cultivation laws.
7. Continue to work with private landowners to identify and correct sediment-producing land practices.
8. Maintain the Wells Creek Falls area in its current condition pending evaluation as a SIA.
4 - 188
CHAPTER 5
Monitoring and Evaluation
Requirements
Forest Plan Chapter 5 Table of Contents
Page
Chapter 5 - Monitoring and Evaluation Requirements 5-1
A. Introduction 5-1
B. Monitoring System 5-1
C. Evaluation Reports 5-2
CHAPTER 5
Monitoring and Evaluation Requirements
Introduction
A
This Plan provides long-range management direction for the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. As previously stated, the plan implementation process establishes the framework for translating management direction into goals and objectives for specific on-the-ground projects.
Monitoring and evaluating the implementation process, effects, and outputs will determine how well the Forest Plan objectives are being met and how closely standards and guidelines are being followed. This chapter estab- lishes the monitoring framework (refer to table 5-1). Estimated costs of this program are listed by resource element. There might be additional annual costs of monitoring as a result of implementing this Plan.
Monitoring System
B
Monitoring Units. Information obtained through the monitoring and evaluation system can be reported for several different geographic units. These units may in- clude management areas, third-order watersheds, or the Forest as a whole.
Management areas provide continuity within the Forest Plan. They are contiguous units of land with separate, distinct management direction in response to localized issues and resource opportunities. In contrast, water- sheds are physiographic units with particular environ- mental attributes which can be sensitive to some Forest management practices.
For an overall means of tracking the implementation of the Forest Plan, all information will be aggregated at the Forest level. Other units of land, such as Ranger Districts, may be used from time to time for monitoring and evaluating various aspects of the Plan.
Monitoring Levels. Three levels of monitoring will be used to track implementation of the Forest Plan. These levels are listed below:
1. Project Environmental Analysis;
2. Forest-wide Multiple Resource Assessment; and
3. Single Resource/Forest Program Assessment.
Each level consists of two components: data acquisition and administrative review. Data acquisition refers to the collection and processing of environmental data. Ad- ministrative review refers to program analysis after the
information has been evaluated and compared with Forest Plan objectives, standards, and guidelines.
The Forest-wide data base will be updated periodically. Each of the above levels will contribute to the process, but project level assessments will be the most often used means of insuring that District level information is incor- porated into the broader Forest data base.
Project Environmental Analysis. Environmental analyses, associated with project development, involve collection and analysis of highly-detailed, site-specific data. Typically, this kind of assessment yields information on water quality, slope stability, vegetative cover, and soil condition. This information is collected using field survey and inventory techniques.
The information presented in the environmental analysis will be compared with the existing data base for analysis and updating, if necessary. This information will also be compared to management areas to verify assigned prescriptions, projected outputs, and objectives or the Forest Plan.
Monitoring and evaluation, using project environmental analyses, is not expected to be applied evenly throughout the Forests. However, it will be an on-going process where the majority of activities occur. Additionally, this type of monitoring will be used to check for trends of environmental improvement/degradation and attain- ment/non-attainment of Forest objectives. Significant changes may trigger an administrative review and re- evaluation of the Forest Plan.
Forest-wide Multiple Resource Assessment A second monitoring level would involve Forest-wide multiple resource data acquired through remote sensing and field survey techniques. The level of detail will vary depending on the kind(s) of remote sensing data used and the type(s) of analysis techniques applied. Major types of information generated by this type of monitoring will be related to vegetative cover type, e g., timber strata, vegetative diversity, fire management, and watershed conditions. Forest-wide multiple resource assessments will be used to update the existing data base and for comparison with the objectives contained in the Forest Plan.
The administrative review process for this monitoring level provides an extremely important check on manage- ment practices which may result in environmental chan- ges through long-term cumulative impacts. Where the project level assessment provides a highly detailed and
5-1
Chapter 5 - Monitoring and Evaluation Requirements
specific perspective, the Forest-wide assessment provides the "big picture" of cumulative and interrelated effects of management.
Single Resource-Forest Program Assessment. The final level identified in the monitoring and evaluation framework is a Forest-wide assessment of single resour- ces and Forest programs. Neither of these elements is adequately addressed by the previous two levels, primarily due to limitations in coverage, resolution, and cost. For example, single resources, such as bald eagle habitat or anadromous fisheries, are site-specific, but they may not coincide with project environmental as- sessments. The Forest-wide scheme may not provide the necessary resolution and detail to adequately monitor these resources.
However, intensive field surveys, high resolution remote sensing data, or a combination of both, provides the necessary framework for monitoring single resources and Forest programs. As in the other two levels, informa- tion obtained in these assessments will be used for updating the existing data base and comparing results with Forest objectives.
The administrative review process for monitoring single resources and Forest programs includes individual im- plementation plans in addition to Forest Plan objectives. Implementation plans (e.g., Fire Management Plan, Five- year Timber Sale Action Plan) display the desired results in greater detail, and are typically short-range in com- parison with the Forest Plan. Implementation plans are necessary intermediate planning links between the long- range Forest Plan and project planning.
Precision and Reliability. Precision is the exactness or accuracy of measurement. Reliability or validity is the expected probability that information acquired through sampling will reflect actual conditions (see shaded area below).
When appropriate, statistical methods will be used to determine the minimum sample size required to insure that selected precision/reliability levels are met. Ac- curacy limits will usually not be established for general
monitoring actions such as activity reviews or General Management Reviews.
Targets, such as thousand board feet (MBF) or animal month (AM) goals, which have a 100 percent sample, normally have a high level of precision and reliability. Other targets, such as vegetation trends and population levels, may have a moderate or low level of precision, if the accuracy of the initial data base elements and form of measurement are not very high.
Evaluation Reports
c
The Forest Supervisor, Staff Officers, and District Rangers will monitor the activities listed in Table 5-1.
Evaluation reports will be prepared periodically for all resources, programs, and management practices iden- tified in the Monitoring Action Plan (Table 5-1). The reports will contain, as a minimum, the following ele- ments:
• A quantitative estimate of performance, comparing outputs and services with those projected by the Forest Plan;
• Documentation of measured effects, including any change in productivity of the land;
• Recommendations for changes;
• A list of needs for continuing evaluation of manage- ment systems and for alternative methods of management; and
• Unit costs associated with carrying out the planned activities compared with unit costs estimated in the Forest Plan and Draft EIS.
These resource evaluation reports will be documented in an annual evaluation report prepared by the Land Management Planning Staff. The significance of the results of the monitoring program will be analyzed and evaluated by the Forest interdisciplinary team.
Ranges of Precision and Reliability Used in the Monitoring Plan Include:
Level of
Precision/Reliability
Accuracy Limits
High maximum measurement of ±10% of the sample mean
Moderate maximum measurement of ± 33% of the sample mean
Low maximum measurement of ± 50% of the sample mean
N/A accuracy I imits cannot be establ ished
5-2
Chapter 5 - Monitoring and Evaluation Requirements
Based on the evaluation, any need for further action will be recommended to the Forest Supervisor. The recom- mendations can include:
• No action needed; monitoring indicates goals, ob- jectives, and standards are achieved;
• Refer recommended action to the appropriate line officer for improved application of management area direction;
• Modify standards and guidelines or change alloca- tion of prescriptions in the form of a Plan amend- ment (refer to Chapter I for more information on amendments and revisions);
• Revise the projected schedule of outputs; or
• Initiate revision of the Plan.
The Forest Supervisor will then recommend or make Plan modifications and/or revisions in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
5-3
Chapter 5 - Monitoring and Evaluation Requirements
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APPENDIX A
Required Resource/ Implementation Plans
APPENDIX A
Required Resource / Implementation Plans
|
Name or Type of Plan |
Purpose |
Target Completion |
Responsible Unit |
|
Cave Management Plans (See Supplemental Man- agement Area Direction) |
Establish interpretive, scien- tific study, and public use and safety objectives |
1994 / 1995 |
Recreation / Geology |
|
Chaparral Management Action Plan |
Set priorities and schedules for coordination with CDF in developing management plans for chaparral treatment |
1996 |
Fire / Wildlife / Watershed |
|
Coordinated Resource Management Plan |
Monitor management ac- tivities for the Lower McCloud River in conjuction with private landowners |
In Progress |
McCloud Ranger District |
|
Corridor Plans |
Establish visual character and management guidelines within the foreground and in- terpret significant natural and management activities |
1994 / 2003 |
Recreation |
|
Deer Herd Action Plans for McCloud Flats, Weaverville, Hayfork, Yolla Bolla, and Klamath Deer Herds |
Habitat maintenance and en- hancement |
In Progress |
Wildlife / Department of Fish & Game (DFG) |
|
Endemic Plant Management Plans |
Specific management direc- tion for non-sensitive en- demics |
1993-2000 |
Biological Sciences |
|
Fire Management Action Plan |
Specific management direc- tion for fire |
1994 |
Fire |
|
Fish and Wildlife Management Program |
Specific management direc- tion for fish and wildlife |
Annually |
Fish / Wildlife |
|
Forest Interpretive Plans |
Establish plans to interpret natural/cultural resources and management activities |
1994-1999 |
Recreation |
|
Forest Land Ownership Adjustment Plan |
Guidance and direction for acquisition and disposal of National Forest Lands |
1993 |
Lands |
|
Forest Road Program |
Displays current year's pro- gram |
Annually |
Engineering |
|
Forest Transportation Development Plan |
Update to conform to the road and trail inventory |
Annually |
Engineering |
A- 1
Appendix A - Required Resource/Implementation Plans
|
Name or Type of Plan |
Purpose |
Target Completion |
Responsible Unit |
|
Geologic Resource Inventory |
Set priorities and procedures for inventorying geologic resources |
1994 |
Watershed |
|
Grazing Allotment Plans |
Establish proper range management |
1994 |
Range |
|
Historic Homestead Management Plans |
Establish plan to preserve and interpret historic values |
1994 |
Recreation |
|
Land and Water Conserva- tion Fund (L&WCF) Plans |
Sets recreation fees for L&WCF sites |
In Progress |
Recreation |
|
Model Steelhead Stream Demonstration Project Plan |
Implement a fisheries and watershed restoration pro- gram in the South Fork Trinity River Basin |
Annually |
Fisheries and Watershed |
|
Native American Issues & Concerns Inventory & Im- plementation Plan |
Improve relations with local Native American com- munities |
In Progress |
Recreation |
|
Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) Management Plan |
Designate vehicle restrictions and closures |
Existing |
Recreation |
|
Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail (PCT) Develop- ment and Operation Plan |
Specific management direc- tion for the PCT |
1995 (revision) |
Recreation |
|
Redband Trout Comprehensive Habitat Management Plan |
General direction for management of redband trout on the McCloud Ranger District |
Existing |
Fisheries |
|
Research Natural Areas (RNA) Management Plans |
Specific management direc- tion for RNAs to conserve re- search values |
1993 -2003 |
Biological Sciences / Districts |
|
Special Interest Areas (SI As) Management Plans |
Specific management direc- tion for SIAs |
1995-2000 |
Recreation / Geology / Biology |
|
Threatened and Endangered (T&E) and Sensitive Species Management Plans & Guides |
Implement special habitat and species management direction |
1994 |
Wildlife/Botany |
|
Trinity Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Management Plan |
Improve recreational sportfishing opportunities at Trinity Reservoir |
Annually |
Fisheries |
|
Trinity River Restoration Program (Extension) |
Implement interagency fisheries, watershed, and wildlife restoration program in the Trinity River Basin |
Annually |
Fish / Wildlife / Watershed |
A - 2
Appendix A - Required Resource/Implementation Plans
|
Name or Type of Plan |
Purpose |
Target Completion |
Responsible Unit |
|
Water Resource Inventory Plan |
Set priorities and procedures for inventorying the Forests' water and riparian resources |
1994 |
Watershed |
|
Watershed Improvement Plan |
Set priorities and procedures for watershed and riparian improvement projects |
1994 |
Physical Sciences |
|
Whiskeytown Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA) Management Plan |
Specific management direc- tion for the NRA |
1994-2000 (revision) |
Recreation |
|
Wild and Scenic Rivers Management Plans |
Specific management direc- tion for three Wild and Scenic Rivers (New River, North Fork Trinity and Trinity River) |
1993 - 1995 |
Recreation |
|
Wilderness Management Plans (1) |
Specific management direc- tion for Chanchelulla Wilder- ness |
1994 - 1995 (Yolla-Bolly-Existing) |
Recreation |
A - 3
APPENDIX B
Research and Technical
Planning Needs
APPENDIX B
Research and Technical Planning Needs
Research Needs
A number of research needs were identified during the development of the proposed Forest Plan. It is an- ticipated that additional research needs will surface during the monitoring and evaluation phases. Much of this research has already been initiated and will continue to be coordinated by the Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (PSW) and the Pacific South- west Regional Office (Region 5).
1 . Assess and verify current and potential production for fall chinook, coho, and steelhead, within the Trinity River basin, using existing and potential habitats.
2. Obtain a better understanding of the status and trends of aquatic threatened, endangered, and sen- sitive (T&E&S) species and habitats and their conser- vation. Develop an integrated approach to aquatic T&E&S management emphasizing ecosystem and biodiversity concepts.
3. Continue research on the social and economic value of recreation, tourism, and visual resources.
4. Conduct research on recreational carrying capacities, especially those capacities relating to water-oriented activities.
5. Conduct periodic assessments of user preference/satisfaction levels.
6. Conduct biological studies to obtain missing informa- tion needed to develop Species Management Guides for sensitive plants. Such research would include studies of distribution, habitat requirements, popula- tion dynamics, and responses to management ac- tivities. These studies would include information necessary to supplement existing data to assure the continuation of reproducing plants throughout the range of the species.
7. Continue research into the characteristics and dynamics of the black stain root disease on timber stands in the McCloud Flats area.
8. Examine the relationships between soil moisture stress and seedling survival and growth. Establish practical, field-tested parameters to use in determin- ing potential, non-regenerable sites and incorporate them into Soil Resource Inventory (SRI) systems.
B-
9. Continue research on the relationships between vegetative disturbance in older over-mature forests and spotted owl habitat. The objective is to attempt to establish more clearly defined thresholds of population viability.
1 0. Continue to investigate the impacts on timber yields those stands which are managed under cutting regimes designed to meet specific Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs).
1 1 . Continue research on the effects of logging and road construction on sediment delivery, runoff, and water quality using localized information or other means.
12. Continue research on the long-term effects of peri- odic timber harvest and reforestation practices on soil productivity.
13. Conduct research to assess the costs and effective- ness of various vegetation management treatment methods, including herbicides.
14. Conduct research to assess the effectiveness of various treatment methods and practices on the regeneration of harsh timber sites.
15. Conduct research to further define the role of hardwoods in wildlife habitat requirements.
16. Continue investigations of habitat needs for in- dividual species of birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles under the framework of the Wildlife Habitat Relationships (WHR) Program initiated by Region 5.
1 7. Conduct research to assess the role of fire suppres- sion and fuels management in meeting habitat needs for different species of wildlife.
Technical Planning Needs
The development of the proposed Forest Plan included construction of a comprehensive resource data base. Despite the size of the data base, several information areas need to be addressed more thoroughly in the next round of Forest planning.
Integrated resource inventories will be conducted, where feasible. These inventories blend physiographic, edaphic, and vegetative attributes into a single ecological type
1
Appendix B - Research & Technical Planning Needs
classification system. This product provides an assess- ment tool for planning and managing a number of resour- ces. Ecological Unit Inventory (EUI) maps and data will be the foundation for Ecosystem Management and the next round of Forest planning. This inventory integrates geology, soils and potential! natural vegetation com- munity characteristics to identify ecological types. Physi- cal and biological characteristics are documented and interpretations made for each ecological type. In an ecological approach to resource management, this infor- mation is vital for planning land management activities. Interpretations will address multi-resource management considerations such as wildlife habitat conditions, fuel levels, and forage production. For example, data for each ecological type will include information about vegetation structure and composition, plant community succession, productivity, soil erodibility and slope stability hazards. Ecological types are mapped as ecological land units. These units of Sand occur repeatedly across the landscape in a predictable fashion. These maps can be used for landscape level spacial analyses and planning.
Specific technical planning needs include the following:
1. Identify sensitive Air Quality Related Value (AQRV) indicators for the Class ! Yolla Botly-MiddSe Eel Wilderness and establish an effective monitoring sys- tem in close coordination with the Mendocino Na- tional Forest.
2. As funding is available, complete the cultural resource inventory by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) target date.
3. Inventory and evaluate places used by Native Americans for resource, spiritual and other cultural activities. Data will be used to develop implementa- tion plans.
4. Complete a process to maintain the Forest-wide data base and update it periodically.
5. Determine the effects of the fire exclusion policy on wilderness ecosystems as part of wilderness manage- ment planning.
6. Incorporate a Forest-wide streamcourse resource data base into CIS. Develop Forest-wide layers for: (a) all streamcourses; (b) perennial fish-bearing streams; (c) perennial non-fish-bearing streams; and (d) intermittent streams. Separate perennial fish- bearing streams according to anadromous and in- land coldwater fish use.
7. Develop an integrated fisheries/hydrology survey format for use in evaluating aquatic resources within designated ecological units.
8. Obtain additional data on forage production and use, including transitional range use. This information will be incorporated with EUls, as noted above. Docu- ment additional information concerning carrying capacities for each ecological map unit.
9. Implement the Recreation Resource Inventory Sys- tem (RRIS).
1 0. Complete an inventory of recreation opportunities within theme areas.
11. Interpretations of non-regenerable forest lands will require further field validation and verification, fol- lowed by any needed adjustments in the current data base prior to the next planning cycle. Especially criti- cal is field verification of moisture stress and its role in the regeneration and survival of forest seedlings.
1 2. Complete the inventory, evaluation, and screening of aquatic, geologic and botanical elements for all iden- tified gaps for the Research Natural Area (RNA) net- work, prior to the next Plan revision.
13. Inventory and evaluate all Special Interest Areas (SIAs) identified in the proposed Forest Plan.
14. Update existing vegetation maps in those areas where ecosystem management projects are being proposed. Sn order to serve project planning, this mapping will be performed as a second-order inven- tory, and it will be coordinated with the EUI.
1 5. Obtain additional data on visual sensitivity of travel routes.
1 6. Obtain information on water yield and timing of flow in response to vegetative management.
1 7. Additional wildlife habitat information will need to be gathered prior to the second round of planning. Many of these needs may be met through EUI vegeta- tion mapping and classification. Highest priorities for additional habitat data will be within those Manage- ment Areas where significant vegetational changes are anticipated due to resource activities.
1 8. Obtain deer winter range information, as part of the cooperative program of herd management with the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG), prior to the next round of planning.
1 9. Determine and map the mineral potential of the Forests.
20. Determine the effect of retaining old growth habitat for wildlife on fire suppression capabilities.
B - 2
APPENDIX C
Tentative Ten-Year Timber
Sale Program
APPENDIX C
Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
Reasons for Harvest
Harvest Priority
Stands to be Managed Intensively - Harvests will be carried out for the following purposes:
-To regenerate stands to meet regeneration acreage allocations to provide planned future yields.
- To remove trees with insufficient net growth (selection cutting).
-To salvage dead and dying trees.
-To reduce stocking where trees are excess to desired basal area stocking (thinning).
To meet local and national demand for wood fiber.
Stands to be Managed for Special Emphasis - Timber yields are obtained as a result of the management of other resource objectives such as landscape or wildlife management objectives. All timber harvest systems may be used to achieve these objectives.
Priorities for timber harvest follow the linear program solution (FORPLAN) for the plan alternative. Two types of harvest are recognized:
Regeneration Harvest - intended to carry the Forests toward a regulated condition.
Intermediate Cuttings - intended to maintain stocking for optimum net growth of young stands or to capture mortality in older stands.
Regeneration is the means by which productivity can be increased and regulation approached. The understock- ed and poorly-growing strata should receive first con- sideration. The FORPLAN harvest schedule for the plan alternative shows the timber strata of highest priority for the plan decade.
Intermediate harvests for stocking control should be scheduled whenever the opportunity arises.
Table C-1 shows the tentative priorities for harvest by stratum as interpreted from the FORPLAN Harvest
Table C-1
Tentative Priority for Harvest - Decade 1993-2002 Shasta-Trinity National Forests
|
Type of Harvest |
Timber Stratum |
Priority |
Total Acres (Decade) |
|
Even-aged Regeneration |
M4G |
2 |
3,700 |
|
(Clearcut & Green Tree Retention*) |
M3P |
1 |
8,300 |
|
M3G |
2 |
13,800 |
|
|
D4G |
2 |
100 |
|
|
R3G |
2 |
500 |
|
|
R3P |
1 |
100 |
|
|
R4G |
2 |
100 |
|
|
Uneven-Aged Regeneration (Selection Cutting) |
Alt |
1-2 |
17,600 |
|
Intermediate Thinning |
M2G |
2 |
21,200** |
|
M3G |
1 |
162,800** |
|
|
Sanitation-Salvage |
All |
1-2 |
Not Specified |
* Includes shelterwood cuts.
** Represents total accessible acreage of stratum. This total acreage represents the candidate acres to be examined to find those that will produce an intermediate harvest.
C-1
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
Report. Priorities are graded from 1 to 2 with priority 2 the lowest for entry.
Silvicultural Systems
A silvicultural prescription will be written for each stand to be treated. The silvicultural system to be used will be determined through site-specific analysis of each stand. This will be based on land management objectives, en- vironmental considerations, stand and site conditions, and economic considerations. Some of the key items to consider in determining the appropriate silvicultural sys- tem are as follows:
Managerial
- Land Management Objectives - e.g. optimize timber production vs. other resource objectives.
- Environmental Considerations
Water Recreation Air Fisheries
Visuals Sensitive Vegetation Wildlife Cultural Resources
- Desired Future Stand Condition
Biological/Physical
- Existing Stand Conditions
Stocking Stand Growth
Age Competing Vegetation
Pests Understory (releasability)
Species
- Topography
- Genetics
- Soils (regenerability, productivity)
Economic/Social
- Social Attitudes
- Transportation/Logging Systems (including landings and skid trails)
- Economics/Costs
- Manpower
Both even-aged and uneven-aged systems will be con- sidered, when appropriate. The following criteria should be used as a guide for identifying the situations where the different silvicultural systems might be most appropriate.
Selection Harvest
- land management objectives restrict large openings or a continuous tree cover is desired (i.e.visual retention areas, riparian zones);
- land management objectives emphasize resource values other than timber growth and yield (i.e.key wildlife habitat);
- stands which display an uneven or mixed size struc- ture (three or more distinct size/age classes);
- stands which have adequate stocking levels in the various size/age classes, including a manageable component of sapling and pole-size trees which are of crop tree quality;
- younger stands which are relatively vigorous and free of insect and disease problems (i.e. dwarf mistletoe and root diseases);
- stands on slopes less than about 40 percent (tractor loggable);
- stands where the tree species are not highly suscep- tible to logging damage;
- stands where the majority of the tree species are highly to moderately tolerant to shade;
- stands with relatively few shade tolerant hardwoods;
- stands where repeated entries do not create significant soil compaction problems.
Thinning Harvest
- objective is to grow larger trees, faster;
- objective is to maintain stand vigor/growth;
- stands which are overstocked (too many trees per acre);
- stands which are young (immature);
- stands which are healthy and vigorous;
- species which are not highly susceptible to logging damage;
- all slopes, but limited to fewer entries on slopes over 40 percent;
- stands with adequate merchantable harvest volume (economical).
Shelterwood Seed Step
- other resource considerations preclude other harvest methods;
- suitable seed/shelter trees are present in the stand;
- no significant insect/disease problems;
C - 2
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
- windfirm;
- cone-bearing;
- stands within the red fir type;
- all slopes;
- stands on harsh sites (all species).
Shelterwood Overstory Removal
- two-storied stands;
- stands with scattered, merchantable overstory which can be removed without significant damage to the understory;
- stands with adequate, manageable understory stock- ing (healthy and relatively insect/disease free);
- all slopes, but limited on slopes over 40 percent due to economics.
Clearcut Harvest
- area has low sensitivity to other resource issues;
- single-storied stands;
- stands which are understocked (especially on steep slopes);
- stands with little or no manageable understory;
- stands with high incidence of insects and/or disease;
- stands with high mortality due to catastrophic events (fire, windstorms, etc.);
- species that are intolerant to shade;
- all slopes;
- areas which are regenerable/plantable.
Green Tree Retention
- stands with an adequate number of large, live trees suitable for wildlife purposes;
- leave trees will not substantially interfere with the management of the newly regenerated stand;
- all slopes, but limited on slopes over 40 percent due to economics.
Timber Management Controls
Regulation is the organization and control of the Forests' growing stock to achieve a sustained yield of wood products over time. The Forests' goal is to approach regulation through scheduled regeneration harvests over
a period of time called the "conversion period". Two methods of control are commonly employed during this conversion period:
Area Control - This method is generally associated with even-aged silviculture. It provides for harvesting and regenerating areas of equal productivity. The expected result at the end of the conversion period is an equal distribution of age classes. Table C-2 shows the area controls for the Plan period.
Table C-2
Vegetation Management Practices (Annual Average Acreage in First Decade for Suitable Lands)
|
Practice |
Acres |
|
Regeneration Harvest: |
|
|
Clearcut |
300 |
|
Creen Tree Retention* |
2,360 |
|
Selection |
1,760 |
|
Intermediate Harvest: |
|
|
Commercial Thinning |
550 |
|
Salvage/Sanitation |
930 |
|
Timber Stand Improvement |
6,600 |
|
Reforestation (natural and artificial) |
4,400 |
|
* Includes shelterwood cuts. |
Volume Control - This method can be applied to even- aged or uneven-aged management schemes. It provides for somewhat equal yields over the conversion period based on present and predicted stand volumes. Table C-3 shows the volume controls for the Plan period.
Implementation of the timber management portion of the Plan requires maintaining a degree of control over both volume and area to achieve optimum yields both during the conversion period and thereafter.
The Allowable Sale Quantity (ASQ) is established as the maximum harvest for the Forests for the Plan period. The scheduled, chargeable volume offered in any given year may exceed, or fall short of, the average annual ASQ, but the decade scheduled volume must be in compliance. This scheduled volume is based on inventory data and growth and yield projections from the suitable, regulated timber land base. Additional non-chargeable volume may be obtained from unsuitable timber Sands, primarily from salvage/sanitation cutting, but is not part of the ASQ. This non-chargeable volume may, or may not, be offered for sale in any given year, depending on the availability and demand for this material, and the availability of funding to prepare sales.
C-3
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
Table C-3
Allowable Sale Quantity (ASQ) and Timber Sale Program Quantity (Annual Average Volume for the First Decade)
ASQ*
Sawtimber Other Products
|
Harvest Method |
MMCF |
MMBF |
MMCF |
MMBF |
|
Regeneration Harvest: |
||||
|
Clearcut |
0.7 |
5.0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Green Tree Retention** |
5.7 |
38.0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Selection |
5.4 |
36.0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Intermediate Harvest: |
||||
|
Commercial Thinning |
0.6 |
4.0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Salvage/Sanitation |
0.6 |
4.0 |
0 |
0 |
|
(Stand maintenance) |
||||
|
Total ASQ |
13.0 |
87.0 |
0 |
0 |
* Includes only chargeable scheduled volumes from suitable lands. ** Includes shelterwood cuts.
MMCF = Million Cubic Feet; MMBF = Million Board Feet
Figure C-1 shows the relationship of the ASQ to the
long-term sustained yield.
The volume and acre controls may have to be adjusted
to reflect changing conditions over the Plan period, such
as:
- changes in the timber land base (resulting from new planning evaluations or land status changes);
- inability to meet volume or acre goals due to inade- quate financing and/or personnel;
- irresolvable restrictions on regeneration and stand maintenance methods (such as brush control);
- failure to meet restocking time limits or accomplish regenerated stand maintenance;
- inventory changes resulting from catastrophic damage such as fire or insect and disease attack;
- consistent and significant differences between the cur- rent Forest timber inventory and new compartment or stand examination data;
- changes in the projected clearcut/shelterwood/green tree retention/selection regeneration acreage ratios resulting from prescriptions based on intensive on-the- ground examinations that consider site specific condi- tions and factors;
- consistent trends in per-acre volume yields that differ from the predicted yields.
Tentative Ten Year Timber Sale Action Plan
It is difficult to prepare a firm timber sale program with much reliability, especially for periods much longer than about 5 years. This is due to a number of factors.
Figure C-1
Long-Term Sustained Yield and Allowable Sale Quantity (Million Cubic Feet)
C - 4
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
The timber sale planning process for an individual sale normally takes at least 3 years to complete, from the time the compartment inventory and analysis is initiated until the sale is finally sold. Also, harvest levels in the first few years of the program are tied to current program budget levels. Therefore, the first 5 years of the program, and particularly the first 2 or 3 years, are largely in response to the existing timber management plan for the Forests and current projected budget levels.
First Five Years (1993-1997) - Tables C-4 through C-8 show the proposed timber sale program for the first five years of the Plan. Individual sale information is presented by Ranger District and fiscal year. (The volume projected to be sold during this period averages about 65 MMBF per year.) This program is based on current information.
It is a tentative plan subject to periodic revisions, at least annually.
Second Five Years (1998-2002) - Specific details of exact sale areas, volume to be harvested, and road construc- tion are not known for sales in the second half of the Plan period. This information will become available, and in- corporated into the Forest Plan, as the timber sale pro- ram is updated and revised. (The volume projected to e sold during this period would average about 87 MMBF per year.) Timber sales during this period will be subject to the volume and area controls discussed previously in this Appendix.
C - 5
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
Table 04 Fiscal Year 1993
|
Ranger District |
Sale Name |
MA# |
Area (Acres) |
Proposed Volume (MMBF) |
Road Miles C R |
Primary Harvest Methods Silvicultural Logging Systems Methods |
||
|
Yolla Bolla |
Round Mtn. |
22 |
100 |
2.0 |
1 | |
3 |
GTR, OSR |
Tr |
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
2.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Hayfork |
Alder |
18 |
350 |
7.4 |
2 |
3 |
CC, Salvage |
Tr, Cab, Helo |
|
Dubaditch |
19 |
150 |
2.0 |
2 |
6 |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Ran/na Pulp |
19 |
120 |
.6 |
- |
- |
Thinning |
Tr |
|
|
Small Sales |
- |
- |
1.3 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Big Bar |
Line |
15 |
50 |
.4 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
Gaily |
15 |
100 |
.5 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
1.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Weaverville |
Halls 11 |
7 |
120 |
2.3 |
1 ' |
2 |
CC, SW, Sel |
Tr |
|
Mule |
7 |
100 |
1.5 |
1 |
2 |
CC, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
West Weaver |
7 |
50 |
.7 |
- |
1 |
CC, Thin |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Elk Gulch II |
7 |
50 |
.8 |
- |
2 |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Small Sales |
* |
- |
.3 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Shasta Lake |
Reynolds |
11 |
50 |
.2 |
- |
- |
Salvage, Sel |
Tr |
|
Small Sales |
- |
- |
.2 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Mt. Shasta |
Top Dog |
9 |
50 |
.6 |
- |
1 |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
Whiskey |
6 & 9 |
100 |
1.8 |
1 |
2 |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Pass |
5 |
100 |
2.0 |
1 - |
2 |
CC, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Panther |
6 |
80 |
1.5 |
- |
1 |
CC, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Fawn Chip |
5 |
100 |
2.0 |
- |
- |
Thinning, Sel |
Tr |
|
|
Small Sales |
: - |
- |
.5 |
- |
' - ' |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
McCloud |
Caribou |
2 |
500 |
10.0 |
4 |
Salvage, Thinning, Sel |
Tr |
|
|
Plantation |
2 |
50 |
1.0 |
- |
1 |
Thinning |
Tr |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
10.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Total |
All Sales (FY93) |
- |
52.6 |
9 |
30 |
* |
■' y:’y' |
|
|
See the last page of this appendix for abbreviated terms and meanings. |
C - 6
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
Table C-5 Fiscal Year 1994
|
Ranger District |
Sale Name |
MA# |
Area (Acres) |
Proposed Volume <MMBF) |
Road Miles C R |
Primary Harvest Methods Silvicultural togging Systems Methods |
||
|
Yolla Bolla |
Meadow |
20 |
100 |
1.5 |
1 |
2 |
GTR, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
Front Country |
22 |
120 |
2.0 |
1 |
1 |
GTR, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Jones Pulp |
21 |
150 |
,8 |
- |
- |
Thinning |
Tr |
|
|
Salvage |
* |
* |
2.0 |
III! |
* |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Hayfork |
China EM |
18 |
200 |
4.0 |
2 |
2 |
GTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
Kingsbury |
18 |
50 |
.9 |
1 |
2 |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Small Sales |
- |
2.6 |
* |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
||
|
Big Bar |
Salvage |
- |
- |
2.5 |
- |
Salvage |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Weaverville |
Papoose Thin |
7 & 8 |
200 |
2.6 |
1 |
- |
Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
|
Slipper |
6 |
100 |
1.1 |
1 |
- |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Hobeep |
7 |
50 |
.7 |
- |
1 |
GTR, Sel |
Tr |
|
|
Small Sales |
- |
ill - |
.2 |
- . : ; |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Shasta Lake |
Sugarloaf |
13 |
40 |
.3 |
- |
1 |
Salvage, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
Bohemotash |
13 |
40 |
.2 |
- Ill; |
- |
Salvage, GTR |
Tr |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
.2 |
- : |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Mt Shasta |
Lucke |
5 |
50 |
.3 |
- |
- |
CC, OSR |
Tr |
|
Shiloah |
9 |
80 |
.5 |
1 |
1 |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Cedar |
5 |
120 |
2.0 |
2 |
1 |
CC, SW |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Blue |
6 |
100 |
1.5 |
1 |
1 |
GTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Flat |
6 |
120 |
2.0 |
1 |
1 |
CTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
■ - |
- |
1.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
McCloud |
Sign |
3 |
140 |
2.2 |
1 |
1 |
GTR, Sel |
Tr |
|
Flats |
2 |
400 |
10.0 |
2 |
4 |
GTR, Sel |
Tr |
|
|
Hopper |
1 |
50 |
.6 |
- |
- |
Thinning |
Tr |
|
|
Still |
2 |
150 |
3.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, Set |
Tr |
|
|
Broken |
1 |
60 |
.9 |
- |
- |
CC, Sel |
Tr |
|
|
Salvage |
; - |
- |
5.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Total |
All Sales (FY 94) |
- |
- |
50.6 |
16 |
19 |
- |
- |
|
See the last page of this appendix for abbreviated terms and meanings. |
C-7
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
|
Table C-6 Fiscal Year 1995 |
|||
|
Ranger District |
Sale Name |
Proposed Area Volume Road Miles MA# (Acres) (MMBF) C R |
Primary Harvest Methods Silvicultural Logging Systems Methods |
|
Yolla Bella |
Duba Saddle |
21 |
100 |
2.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, CTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
Prospect |
21 |
200 |
4,0 |
2 |
2 |
GTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
; - |
4.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Hayfork |
Butter EM |
19 |
200 |
4.0 |
2 |
2 |
CTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
Eltapom |
17 |
50 |
1.0 |
- |
- |
CTR, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Luckie |
18 |
150 |
3.0 |
1 |
2 |
CC, Salvage |
Cab, Helo |
|
|
Mill Creek |
20 |
100 |
2.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
♦ |
X;X;X;X;X;X;!;WjX;X;X\;X |
2.0 |
- |
1 1 |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Big Bar |
Hennesey |
15 |
100 |
1.5 |
1 |
1 |
CC, GTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
Salvage |
«► |
- |
1.5 |
* |
X; ■*» X;X; |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Weaverville |
Baxter |
7 |
100 |
2.0 |
1 |
2 |
Thinning, Salvage |
Tr |
|
Lewiston |
8 |
50 |
1,0 |
- |
- |
GTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
1.0 |
- |
♦ |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Shasta Lake |
Squaw |
12 |
100 |
1.0 |
1 |
2 |
CC, GTR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
1.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Mt. Shasta |
Parks |
5 |
100 |
2.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, GTR, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
Shoemaker |
9 |
120 |
2.5 |
1 |
2 |
GTR, SW |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
1.5 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
McCloud |
Porcupine |
1 |
200 |
4.0 |
1 |
1 |
GTR, Sel |
Tr |
|
Slagger |
2 |
300 |
6,0 |
1 |
GTR, Thinning |
Tr |
||
|
Military |
3 |
150 |
3.0 |
- |
1 |
SW, OSR |
Tr |
|
|
Dry Lake |
2 |
300 |
6.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, Thinning |
Tr |
|
|
Salvage |
* |
- |
4.0 |
- |
• ♦ • |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Total |
All Sales (FY95) |
- |
- |
60.0 |
16 |
20 |
- |
|
|
See the last page of this appendix for abbreviated terms and meanings. |
C - 8
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
Table C-7 Fiscal Year 1996
|
Ranger District |
Sale Name |
MA# |
Area (Acres) |
Proposed Volume (MMBF) |
Road Miles C R |
Primary Harvest Methods Silvicultural Logging Systems Methods |
||
|
Yolla Bolla |
Fern |
20 |
200 |
4.0 |
2 |
2 |
GTR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
|
Foss |
21 |
150 |
3.0 |
1 |
1 |
CTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Murphy |
22 |
250 |
5.0 |
2 |
2 |
CC, CTR, SW |
Cab, Helo |
|
|
Salvage |
♦ |
4.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
||
|
Hayfork |
Bark |
18 |
200 |
3.0 |
1 |
2 |
CTR, OSR |
Cab, Helo |
|
Bridge |
18 |
250 |
4.0 |
2 |
2 |
CC, CTR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Boney |
19 |
150 |
3.0 |
1 |
2 |
CTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Rusch |
19 |
200 |
4.0 |
2 |
1 |
CC, CTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
llllll - |
llllll - |
2.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Big Bar |
Soldier |
15 |
100 |
2.0 |
I-':. |
2 |
CC, CTR |
Cab, Helo |
|
Salvage |
- |
1.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
||
|
Weaverville |
Scorpion |
6 |
120 |
2.0 |
2 |
2 |
CC, CTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
Snowy |
7 |
80 |
1.0 |
: 1 ! |
CTR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
||
|
Salvage |
- |
♦ |
1.0 |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
||
|
Shasta Lake |
Brock |
12 |
150 |
2.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, CTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
Salvage |
• • ♦ |
1.0 |
* |
* |
Salvage |
Tr |
||
|
Mt Shasta |
Spike |
6 |
180 |
3.0 |
2 |
2 |
CC, OSR, CTR |
Tr, Cab |
|
Cun |
9 |
120 |
2.0 |
1 |
1 |
Thinning, Salvage |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
2.0 |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|||
|
McCloud |
Powder |
1 |
250 |
5.0 |
1 |
- |
CTR, CC, OSR |
Tr |
|
Rainbow |
2 |
200 |
4.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, CTR, Sel |
Tr |
|
|
Cold |
3 |
300 |
6.0 |
2 |
2 |
CTR, SW |
Tr |
|
|
Iron |
1 |
250 |
4.0 |
1 |
1 |
CTR, Thinning |
Tr |
|
|
Sink |
2 |
200 |
3.0 |
- |
1 |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
4.0 |
- |
- |
||||
|
Total |
All Sales (FY96) |
♦ |
75.0 |
24 |
25 |
- |
||
|
See the last page of this appendix for abbreviated terms and meanings. |
C - 9
Appendix C - Tentative Ten-Year Timber Sale Program
Table C-8 Fiscal Year 1997
proposed Primary Harvest Methods
|
Ranger District |
Sale Name |
MA# |
Area (Acres) |
Volume (MMBF) |
Road Miles C R |
Silvicultural Systems |
Logging Methods |
|
|
Yolla Bolla |
Wilcox |
20 |
200 |
4.0 |
1 |
2 |
GTR, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
Black Rock |
21 |
160 |
3.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, CTR |
Cab, Helo |
|
|
String |
21 |
280 |
5.0 |
2 |
1 |
GTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Cotton |
22 |
220 |
4.0 |
1 |
GTR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
||
|
Salvage |
* . |
lllll : - |
3.0 |
* |
Salvage |
Tr |
||
|
Hayfork |
Lake |
20 |
320 |
6.0 |
2 |
2 |
CC, GTR, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
Post |
19 |
150 |
3.0 |
1 |
2 |
CTR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Deeper |
19 |
220 |
4.0 |
- |
1 |
GTR, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Pant |
18 |
180 |
4.0 |
1 |
- |
CC, GTR |
Cab, Helo |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
>§ - ■ |
2.0 |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
||
|
Big Bar |
Barn |
15 |
100 |
2.0 |
1 |
- |
CC, CTR |
Cab |
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
2.0 |
- |
* |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Weaverville |
Stoney |
7 |
80 |
1.0 |
* |
1 |
CTR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
|
Mooney |
8 |
120 |
2.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, Thinning, Sel |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Minnie |
6 |
100 |
1.0 |
1 |
2 |
GTR, OSR |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
1.0 ■ |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Shasta Lake |
Bluejay |
11 |
140 |
2.0 |
2 |
1 |
CC. GTR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
1.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Mt Shasta |
White |
5 |
160 |
3.0 |
2 |
1 |
CC, GTR, Sel, |
Tr, Cab |
|
Bonanza |
6 |
180 |
lllll:i;.3.0 |
1 |
; - ■ ' |
CTR, OSR, Thinning |
Tr, Cab |
|
|
Salvage |
1 : - : . |
- |
2.0 |
- |
- |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
McCloud |
Class |
1 |
250 |
5.0 |
2 |
2 |
CTR, Sel, Thinning |
Tr |
|
island |
1 |
250 |
4.0 |
1 |
2 |
GTR, Thinning |
Tr |
|
|
Kinyon |
2 |
300 |
6.0 |
1 |
1 |
CC, GTR, Sel |
Tr |
|
|
Nine |
2 |
260 |
4.0 |
- |
1 |
GTR, Sel, Thinning |
Tr |
|
|
Pilgrim |
■. 3 |
260 |
5.0 |
1 |
- |
GTR, SW, OSR |
Tr |
|
|
Salvage |
- |
- |
5.0 |
- |
xxvx|x*:xx|x |
Salvage |
Tr |
|
|
Total |
All Sales (FY 97) |
- |
- ■ ; |
87.0 |
22 |
21 |
llllfislllllili:! |
Abbreviated Terms and Meanings for this Appendix:
|
c |
Construction |
|
Cab |
Cable |
|
CC |
CSearcutting |
|
CTR |
Green Tree Retention |
|
Helo |
Helicopter |
|
MA# |
Management Area # |
|
MMBF |
Million Board Feet |
|
OSR |
Overstory Removal |
|
R |
Reconstruction |
|
SEL |
Selection |
|
SW |
Shelterwood |
|
TR |
Tractor |
C- 10
APPENDIX D
Timber Data
APPENDIX D Timber Data
Appendix D displays some of the more important data related to the management of the timber resource.
Table D-1 shows the land classification for timber. Land classification is determined in accordance with the tim- ber suitability criteria set forth in 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 219.14. Suitable lands constitute the land base for determining the allowable sale quantity (ASQ).
Table D-2 shows the area, volume, growth and age for each timber condition class (strata) on the suitable lands on the Forests.
Table D-3 shows the present and future conditions of the timber on the Forests. The data is based on existing inventories and reflects the current condition of the Forests. The data for the future Forest is based primarily on planning model (FORPLAN) outputs for the last decade of the planning horizon (160 years in the future) to reflect the expected future condition of the Forests under the proposed Forest Plan.
Table D-4 shows acres by timber productivity class. Productivity is based on the potential growth of natural stands.
D-1
Appendix D - Timber Data
Table D-1
Land Classification for Timber (M Acres in Decade 1) Shasta-Trinity National Forests
Total - Both
|
Shasta Forest |
Trinity Forest |
Forests |
|
|
1, Non-forested Land (includes water) |
85 |
35 |
120 |
|
2. Forested Land |
983 |
1,018 |
2,001 |
|
3. Forested Land Currently Withdrawn from Timber Production* |
135 |
315 |
450 |
|
4, Forested Land Not Capable of Producing Industrial Wood |
173 |
156 |
329 |
|
5. Forested Land Physically Unsuited |
|||
|
■ Irreversible Damage to Soils, Watersheds or Productivity Likely to Occur |
23 |
67 |
90 |
|
■ Unregenerable within 5 Years of Final Harvest |
29 |
25 |
54 |
|
6. Inadequate Information to Project Responses |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
7. Tentatively Suitable Timber Base (Item 2 minus Items 3, 4, 5, and 6) |
623 |
455 |
1,078 |
|
8. Not Suitable for Timber under the Proposed Forest Plan** |
323 |
180 |
503 |
|
9. Total Unsuitable Acres (Items 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8) |
683 |
743 |
1,426 |
|
10. Total Suitable Acres (Item 2 minus 9) |
300 |
275 |
575 |
|
11. TOTAL National Forest Acres |
1,068 |
1,053 |
2,121 |
(Items 1 and 2)
**
Areas withdrawn by an Act of Congress, the Secretary of Agriculture, or the Chief of the Forest Service.
Lands identified as not appropriate for timber production due to (1) assignment to other resource uses to meet Forest Plan objectives; (2) management requirements; or (3) not cost efficient in meeting Forest Plan objectives over the planning horizon.
M = Thousand acres
D - 2
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r N M t
Appendix D - Timber Data
|
Table D-3 Present and Future Forest Conditions |
|||
|
Unit of Measure |
Suitable Land |
||
|
Present Forest* |
|||
|
Crowing Stock |
MMCF2 |
1,474.1 |
|
|
MMBF |
9,834.1 |
||
|
Live Cull |
MMCF |
66.1 |
|
|
: MMBF v |
218.9 |
||
|
Salvable Dead |
MMCF |
6.0 |
|
|
MMBF |
40.9 |
||
|
Annual Net Growth |
MMCF |
21.6 |
|
|
MMBF : |
144.1 |
||
|
Annual Mortality |
MMCF . " ■ |
9.3 |
|
|
MMBF |
64.2 |
||
|
Future Forest-* |
|||
|
Crowing Stock |
MMCF |
2,259.7 |
|
|
Annual Net Growth - |
MMCF |
25.9 |
|
|
Rotation Age |
■ Years . |
1204 |
1 Data Source: Summary reports for the Forest Timber Inventory, Shasta and Trinity National Forests, dated March 30, 1 982. Volumes include trees 11 + inches dbh (diameter-at-breast height) to a utilized top.
2 MMCF/MMBF = million cubic feet/million board feet.
3 Data Source: FORPLAN (a linear programming model) run PRF, November 18, 1992, for the 1 6th period (160 years in the future).
4 Average rotation age for regenerated stands.
^MTable
Timber Productivity Classification
|
Potential Growth (Cubic ft/acre/year) |
Suitable Lands (M acres)* |
|
Less than 20 |
0.0 |
|
20-49 |
25.9 |
|
50-84 |
363.0 |
|
85-119 |
144.4 |
|
120 + |
42.0 |
|
TOTAL |
575.3 |
* M acres = thousand acres
D - 4
APPENDIX E
Water Quality - Best Management
Practices
APPENDIX E
Water Quality — Best Management Practices
Introduction
The Forest Service water quality maintenance and im- provement measures, called Best Management Practices (BMPs), were developed in compliance with Section 208 of the Federal Clean Water Act, PL92-500, as amended. After a lengthy development and public review process from 1 977 to 1 979, the practices developed by the Forest Service were certified by the State Water Resources Control Board and approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The signing of a 1981 Management Agency Agreement (MAA) resulted in the formal designation of the Forest Service as the water quality management agency for the public domain lands it administers. The BMPs are the measures the State and Federal water quality regulatory agencies expect the Forest Service to implement to meet water quality objectives and to maintain and improve water quality.
There are currently 99 practices documented, 96 of which are certified and approved as BMPs. The three remaining practices are still being improved before refer- ral to the State and EPA for certification and approval. In a like manner, work continues on developing new management practices and evaluating the effectiveness of the existing BMPs.
Due to the dynamic nature of management practice development and refinement, the original Forest Service publication documenting BMPs is continually being up- dated. The current publication reference is: Water Quality Management for National Forest System Lands in California, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific South- west Region publication, 1979. This publication is hereby incorporated by reference into this document. Work is underway to republish the updated version of this text as a Soil and Water Conservation Handbook.
Water quality management is administered on National Forest lands through the continued implementation of BMPs and through the guidance of a 1 981 MAA with the State of California Water Resources Control Board.
Implementation Process
Forest Plans are broad level planning documents that encompass the entire Forest and a multitude of different management activities. Because of the physical-biologi- cal diversity of any given National Forest (different soils,
vegetation, slopes, presence of surface water, etc.) and the mixture of activities that can occur on various por- tions of the Forest, site specific methods and techniques for implementing the BMPs are not identified at the Forest planning level. For each individual project that is initiated to implement the Forest Plan, a separate site specific environmental assessment is conducted. The appropriate BMPs necessary to protect or improve water quality and the methods and techniques of implementing the BMPs are identified at the time of this onsite, project specific assessment. In this manner the methods and techniques can be tailored to fit the specific physical- biological environment as well as the proposed project activities. There are commonly many methods available for implementing a BMP, and not all are applicable to every site. An example is BMP 2.7 Control of Road Drainage. This BMP dictates that roads will be correctly drained to disperse water runoff to minimize the erosive effects of concentrated water.
There are many ways to drain a road correctly, e.g., outslope the road surface, install water bars, install French Drains, inslope the road surface, install culverts, etc. It is during the onsite environmental assessment of a specific road construction project proposal that the appropriate method or combination of methods to cor- rectly drain the road are identified.
After the methods and techniques of implementing the appropriate BMPs are identified, they are discussed by the project interdisciplinary team. As a result of discus- sions, the appropriate mix of implementation methods and techniques is selected and incorporated into the environmental document as required mitigation measures. These mitigation measures are then carried forward into project plans and implementation docu- ments, e.g., contract language, design specifications, etc., to assure they are part of the project work ac- complished. Implementation on the ground is assured by the Forest Service official responsible for on-site ad- ministration of the project. Supervisory quality control of BMP implementation is attained through review of en- vironmental assessments and contracts, field reviews of projects, and monitoring the quality of the water in the project area when warranted.
The Best Management Practices
There are 99 practices identified in eight different resource categories. They are as follows:
E - 1
Appendix E - Water Quality-Best Management Practices
limber Practice No.
1.1 Timber Sale Planning Process
1.2 Timber Harvest Unit Design
1.3 Use of Erosion Hazard Rating for Timber Harvest
Unit Design
1.4 Use of Sale Area Maps for Designating Water Quality Protection Needs
1 .5 Limiting Operating Period of Timber Sale Activities
1.6 Protection of Unstable Areas
1.7 Prescribing the Size and Shape of Clearcuts
1.8 Riparian Management Zone Designation
1.9 Determining Tractor Loggable Ground
1.10 Tractor Skidding Design
1.1 1 Suspended Log Yarding in Timber Harvesting
1.12 Log Landing Location
1.13 Erosion Prevention and Control Measures During Timber Sale Operations
1.14 Special Erosion Prevention Measures on Dis- turbed Land
1.15 Revegetation of Areas Disturbed by Harvest Ac- tivities
1.16 Log Landing Erosion Prevention and Control
1.17 Erosion Control on Skid Trails
1.18 Meadow Protection During Timber Harvesting
1.19 Streamcourse Protection
1 .20 Erosion Control Structure Maintenance
1.21 Acceptance of Timber Sale Erosion Control Measures Before Sale Closure
1.22 Slash Treatment in Sensitive Areas
1 .23 Five-Year Reforestation Requirement
1 .24 Non-recurring "C" Provision That Can Be Used For Water Quality Protection
1 .25 Modification of the Timber Sale Contract
Road And Building Site Construction
Practice No.
2.1 General Guidelines for the Location and Design of Roads
2.2 Erosion Control Plan
* These are three practices that have snot been recom- mended for certification and approval as BMPs at this time.
2.3 Timing of Construction Activities
2.4 Road Slope Stabilization (Preventative Practice)
2.5 Road Slope Stabilization (Administrative Practice)
2.6 Dispersion of Subsurface Drainage from Cut and Fill Slopes
2.7 Control of Road Drainage
2.8 Constraints Related to Pioneer Road Construction
2.9 Timely Erosion Control Measures on Incomplete Road and Streamcrossing Projects
2.10 Construction of Stable Embankments
2.1 1 Minimization of Sidecast Material
2.12 Servicing and Refueling Equipment
2.13 Control of Construction in Riparian Management Zones
2.14 Controlling In-channel Excavation
2.15 Diversion of Flows Around Construction Sites
2.16 Stream Crossings on Temporary Roads
2.17 Bridge and Culvert Installation
2.18 Regulation of Streamside Gravel Borrow Areas
2.19 Disposal of Right-of-Way and Roadside Debris
2.20 Specifying Riprap Composition
2.21 Water Source Development Consistent with Water Quality Protection
2.22 Maintenance of Roads
2.23 Road Surface Treatment to Prevent Loss of Materials
2.24 Traffic Control During Wet Periods
2.25 Snow Removal Controls to Avoid Resource Damage
2.26 Obliteration of Temporary Roads
2.27 Restoration of Borrow Pits and Quarries
2.28 Surface Erosion Control at Facility Sites
Mining
Practice No.
*3.1 Administering Terms of the U.S. Mining Laws (Act of May 10, 1872) for Mineral Exploration and Extraction on National Forest system lands
3.2 Administering Terms of BLM-lssued Permits or Leases for Mineral Exploration and Extraction on National Forest system lands
3.3 Administering Common Variety Mineral Removal Permits
E - 2
Appendix E - Water Quality-Best Management Practices
Recreation
Practice No.
4.1 Sampling and Surveillance of Designated Swim- ming Sites
4.2 On-Site Interdisciplinary Sanitary Surveys Will be Conducted to Augment the Sampling of Swim- ming Waters
4.3 Provide Safe Drinking Water Supplies
4.4 Documentation of Water Quality Data
4.5 Control of Sanitation Facilities
4.6 Control of Refuse Disposal
4.7 Assuring that Organizational Camps Have Proper Sanitation and Water Supply Facilities
4.8 Water Quality Monitoring Off-highway Vehicle Use According to a Developed Plan
4.9 Sanitation at Hydrants and Faucets Within Developed Recreation Sites
4.10 Protection of Water Quality Within Developed and Dispersed Recreation Areas
4.11 Location of Pack and Riding Stock Facilities in Wilderness, Primitive, and Wilderness Study Areas
Vegetative Manipulation
Practice No.
5.1 Seed Drilling on the Contour
5.2 Slope Limitations for Tractor Operation
5.3 Tractor Operation Excluded from Wetlands and Meadows
5.4 Revegetation of Surface Disturbed Areas
*5.5 Tractor Windrowing on the Contour
5.6 Soil Moisture Limitations for Tractor Operation
5.7 Contour Disking
5.8 Pesticide Use Planning Process
5.9 Apply Pesticide According to Label and EPA Registration Directions
5.10 Pesticide Application Monitoring and Evaluation
5.11 Pesticide Spill Contingency Planning
5.12 Cleaning and Disposal of Pesticide Containers and Equipment
5.13 Untreated Buffer Strips for Riparian Area and Riparian Management Zone (RMZ) Protection During Pesticide Spraying
Fire Suppression and Fuels Management
Practice No.
6.1 Fire and Fuel Management Activities
6.2 Consideration of Water Quality in Formulating Fire Prescriptions
6.3 Protection of Water Quality from Prescribed Burn- ing Effects
6.4 Minimizing Watershed Damage from Fire Sup- pression Efforts
6.5 Repair or Stablization of Fire Suppression Related Watershed Damage
6.6 Emergency Rehabilitation of Watersheds Follow- ing Wildfires
Watershed Management
Practice No.
7.1 Watershed Restoration
7.2 Conduct Floodplain Hazard Analysis and Evalua- tion
7.3 Protection of Wetlands
7.4 Oil and Hazardous Substance Spill Contingency Plan
7.5 Control of Activities Under Special Use Permit
7.6 Water Quality Monitoring
7.7 Management by Closure to Use (Seasonal, Tem- porary, and Permanent)
*7.8 Cumulative Off-Site Watershed Effects
Grazing
Practice No.
8.1 Range Analysis, Allotment Management Plan, Crazing Permit System, and Permittee Operating Plan
8.2 Controlling Livestock Numbers and Season of Use
8.3 Controlling Livestock Distribution Within Allot- ments
8.4 Range Land Improvements
E - 3
APPENDIX F
Developed Recreation Sites
Acres/ROS Classes
APPENDIX F
Developed Recreation Sites Acres/Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Classes
Shasta-Trinity National Forests:
|
Number of Recreation Sites |
Acres |
|
|
81 |
Forest Service Campgrounds |
726 |
|
20 |
Forest Service Picnic Areas |
61 |
|
5 |
Observation/Interpretive Sites |
20 |
|
14 |
Parking Areas for Boating |
67 |
|
3 |
Swimming Sites |
6 |
|
73 |
Forest Service Trailheads |
94 |
|
2 |
Special Use Rifle Ranges |
9 |
|
1 |
Organization Camp |
10 |
|
6 |
Recreation Residence Tracts |
68 |
|
20 |
Resorts/Marinas |
219 |
|
8 |
Other Special Use Sites |
26 |
|
ROS Class |
Acres |
|
R |
620 |
|
RN |
571 |
|
SPM |
83 |
|
SPNM |
10 |
|
Total |
1,284 |
(1,355 camping units)
Abbreviations:
R Rural
RN Roaded Natural ROS Recreation Opportunity Spectrum SPM Semi-primitive Motorized Recreation SPNM Semi-primitive Non-motorized Recreation
F - 1
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
Big Bar Ranger District
|
Number of |
Recreation Sites |
Acres |
|
9 |
Forest Service Campgrounds |
39 (110 camping units) |
|
2 |
Forest Service Picnic Areas |
4 |
|
12 |
Forest Service Trailheads |
16 |
|
ROS Class |
Acres |
|
RN |
59 |
|
Total |
59 |
|
Recreation Site |
Acres |
ROS Class |
|
Big Bar |
1 |
RN |
|
Big Flat |
2 |
RN |
|
Burnt Ranch |
7 |
RN |
|
Cedar Flat Picnic Area |
3 |
RN |
|
Denny |
5 |
RN |
|
Hayden Flat |
8 |
RN |
|
Hobo Gulch |
5 |
RN |
|
Pigeon Point |
3 |
RN |
|
Ripstein |
5 |
RN |
|
Skunk Point Group Campground |
3 |
RN |
|
Whites Bar Picnic Area |
1 |
RN |
|
Trailheads |
||
|
Bear Gulch |
1 |
RN |
|
Big East Fork Canyon Creek |
1 |
RN |
|
Big French Creek |
1 |
RN |
|
Canyon Creek |
1 |
RN |
|
East Fork New River |
2 |
RN |
|
Green Mountain |
1 |
RN |
|
Hobo Gulch |
2 |
RN |
|
Jim Jam |
1 |
RN |
|
Manzanita Ridge |
1 |
RN |
|
Virgin Creek |
3 |
RN |
|
Waldorff Crossing |
1 |
RN |
|
Treloar |
1 |
RN |
F - 2
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
Hayfork Ranger District
Number of Recreation Sites
5 Forest Service Campgrounds
2 Forest Service Picnic Areas
1 Recreation Residence Tract 9 Forest Service Trailheads
Acres
38
4
7
9
(60 camping units)
ROS Class Acres
R 7
RN 49
SPM 2
Total 58
Recreation Site Acres
Big Slide 3
Forest Glen 4
Hell Gate 4
Little Rock Picnic Area 3
Natural Bridge Picnic Area 1
Philpot 2
Scotts Flat 25
Special Uses
Forest Glen Recreation Residence Tract 7
Trailheads
Bear Creek 1
Big Slide 1
Chanchellula 1
Lower South Fork 1
Marble Caves 1
Natural Bridge 1
Smokey Creek 1
Trinity River National Recreation Trail (NRT) 1
Wintoon Flat 1
ROS Class
RN
RN
RN
RN
SPM
RN
RN
R
RN
RN
SPM
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
F - 3
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
McCloud Ranger District
Number of Recreation Sites
8 Forest Service Campgrounds
6 Forest Service Picnic Areas
2 Observation/Interpretive Sites
1 Parking Area for Boating
2 Forest Service Trailheads
2 Special Use Rifle Ranges
Acres
93 (89 camping units)
33 8 2 2 9
|
ROS Class |
Acres |
|
R |
16 |
|
RN |
127 |
|
SPM |
2 |
|
Total |
145 |
Recreation Site Acres ROS Class
|
Ah-Di-Na |
30 |
RN |
|
Algoma |
5 |
RN |
|
Bigelow Bridge |
4 |
RN |
|
Camp 4 |
6 |
RN |
|
Cattle Camp |
7 |
RN |
|
Cattle Camp Picnic Area |
3 |
RN |
|
Fowlers Camp |
20 |
RN |
|
Harris Springs |
7 |
RN |
|
Lake McCloud Ramp |
2 |
R |
|
Lakin Dam |
4 |
RN |
|
Lower Falls Picnic Area |
5 |
R |
|
Middle Falls |
2 |
SPM |
|
Nitwit Camp |
6 |
RN |
|
Skunk Hollow |
6 |
RN |
|
Trout Creek Meadow |
12 |
RN |
|
Upper Falls |
6 |
RN |
|
Upper Falls Picnic Area |
9 |
R |
|
Special Uses |
||
|
Black Powder Range |
5 |
RN |
|
Rifle Range |
4 |
RN |
|
Trailheads Brewer |
1 |
RN |
|
Clear Creek |
1 |
RN |
F - 4
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
Mt Shasta Ranger District
Number of Recreation Sites
6 Forest Service Campgrounds
1 Forest Service Picnic Area
1 Observation/Interpretive Site
1 Organization Camp
20 Forest Service Trailheads
Acres
43 (49 camping units)
3 3
10
32
|
ROS Class RN SPNM Total Recreation Site |
Acres 81 10 91 |
Acres |
ROS Class |
|
Castle Lake |
3 |
RN |
|
|
Castle Lake Picnic Area |
3 |
RN |
|
|
Everitt Vista |
3 |
RN |
|
|
Cumboot |
10 |
RN |
|
|
McBride Springs |
5 |
RN |
|
|
Panther Meadows |
5 |
RN |
|
|
Sims Flat |
10 |
RN |
|
|
Toad Lake |
10 |
SPNM |
|
|
Special Uses |
|||
|
Scott Camp Creek Organization Camp Trailheads |
10 |
RN |
|
|
Black Butte |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Black Lava |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Bolam Creek |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Bunny Flat |
3 |
RN |
|
|
Castle Crags |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Castle Lake |
2 |
RN |
|
|
Deadfall Meadow |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Dobkins |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Grey Butte |
3 |
RN |
|
|
Grey Rock Lake Road |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Gumboot |
2 |
RN |
|
|
Horse Camp-Sand Flat |
2 |
RN |
|
|
North Gate Road |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Old Ski Bowl |
5 |
RN |
|
|
Parks Creek |
2 |
RN |
|
|
Picyune |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Sisson Callahan |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Soda Creek |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Toad Lake |
1 |
RN |
|
|
Whitney Creek Road |
1 |
RN |
F - 5
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
Shasta lake Ranger District
|
Number of |
Recreation Sites |
Acres |
|
20 |
Forest Service Campgrounds |
138 |
|
3 |
Forest Service Picnic Areas |
2 |
|
6 |
Parking Areas for Boating |
32 |
|
3 |
Forest Service Traiiheads |
3 |
|
13 |
Resorts |
186 |
|
5 |
Recreation Residence Tracts |
61 |
|
8 |
Other Special Use Sites |
26 |
|
ROS Class |
Acres |
|
R |
336 |
|
RN |
87 |
|
SPM |
25 |
|
Total |
448 |
(421 camping units)
|
Recreation Site |
Acres |
ROS Class |
|
Antlers |
18 |
R |
|
Antlers Ramp |
8 |
R |
|
Arbuckle Flat |
4 |
SPM |
|
Bailey Cove |
10 |
R |
|
Bailey Cove Ramp |
3 |
R |
|
Centimudi Boat Ramp |
6 |
R |
|
Deadlun |
5 |
SPM |
|
Dekkas Rock |
5 |
RN |
|
Ellery Creek |
8 |
RN |
|
Fishermans Point Picnic Area |
2 |
R |
|
Gooseneck Cove |
4 |
SPM |
|
Greens Creek |
6 |
SPM |
|
Gregory Creek |
8 |
RN |
|
Hirz Bay |
5 |
R |
|
Hirz Bay Group Campground |
4 |
R |
|
Hirz Bay Ramp |
5 |
R |
|
Jones Valley (Both Loops) |
10 |
RN |
|
Jones Valley Boat Ramp |
5 |
R |
|
Lakeshore East |
7 |
RN |
|
Madrone |
6 |
SPM |
|
McCloud Bridge |
4 |
RN |
|
Moore Creek |
4 |
RN |
|
Nelson Point |
3 |
RN |
|
Oak Grove |
15 |
RN |
|
Packers Bay Boat Ramp |
5 |
R |
|
Pine Point |
3 |
RN |
|
Ski Island |
9 |
RN |
F - 6
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
Shasta Lake Ranger District (Continued)
Recreation Site Acres ROS Class
Special Uses
Antlers Resort 4
Antlers Trailer Resort 25
Bridge Bay Resort 40
Campbell Creek Recreation Residence Tract 14
Didallas No. 1 Recreation Residence Tract 1
Didallas No. 2 Recreation Residence Tract 2
Digger Bay Marina 5
Doney Creek Yacht Club 1
Jones Valley Resort 5
Kamloops 5
Lakeshore Resort 3
Lakeshore Villa Dock 1
Lakeside Woods Yacht Club 1
Lakeview Resort 2
O'Brien Holiday Harbor 64
Packers Bay Marina 1
Salt Creek Recreation Residence Tract 27
Shasta Caverns 1 0
Shasta Lake Trailer Park 9
Shasta Lake Yacht Club 5
Shasta Marina 18
Silverthorn Resort 6
Silverthorn T ract 1 7
Sugarloaf Cottages Dock 2
Sugarloaf Marina 4
Tsadi Docks 1
Trailheads
Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) Peavine 1
PCT Rock Creek 1
Waters Gulch-Packers Bay 1
R
R
R
R
RN
RN
R
R
R
RN
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RN
RN
RN
F - 7
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
Weaverville Ranger District
Number of Recreation Sites
Acres
|
27 |
Forest Service Campgrounds |
355 (584 camping units) |
|
5 |
Forest Service Picnic Areas |
13 |
|
2 |
Observation/Interpretive Sites |
2 |
|
7 |
Parking Areas for Boating |
33 |
|
3 |
Swimming Sites |
6 |
|
23 |
Forest Service Trailheads |
27 |
|
7 |
Resorts |
33 |
|
ROS Class |
Acres |
|
|
R |
261 |
|
|
RN |
145 |
|
|
SPM |
50 |
|
|
Total |
456 |
|
|
Recreation Site |
Acres |
ROS Class
|
Ackerman |
20 |
R |
|
Alpine View |
25 |
R |
|
Bowerman Barn |
2 |
RN |
|
Bowerman Boat Ramp |
10 |
R |
|
Bridge Camp |
6 |
SPM |
|
BushytaiS Group Campground |
13 |
RN |
|
Captains Point |
1 |
SPM |
|
Clark Springs Picnic Area |
3 |
R |
|
Clear Creek |
7 |
SPM |
|
Cooper Gulch |
6 |
RN |
|
Eagle Creek |
10 |
RN |
|
East Weaver |
5 |
R |
|
Fawn Group Campground |
20 |
RN |
|
Fairview Boat Ramp |
1 |
R |
|
Goldfield |
4 |
SPM |
|
Hayward Beach |
3 |
R |
|
Hayward Flat |
98 |
R |
|
Horse Flat |
12 |
SPM |
|
Jackass Springs |
7 |
SPM |
|
Mariners Roost |
3 |
SPM |
|
Mary Smith |
8 |
RN |
|
Minersville |
11 |
RN |
|
Osprey Visitor Center |
1 |
RN |
|
Pine Cove Boat Ramp |
4 |
R |
|
Preacher Meadow |
6 |
RN |
|
Ridgeville |
6 |
SPM |
|
Ridgeville Island |
2 |
SPM |
F - 8
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
Weaverville Ranger District (Continued)
Recreation Site Acres ROS Class
Rush Creek 25
Scott Mountain 4
Stoney Creek Croup Campground 3
Stoney Creek Swim Area 4
Stoney Point 1 1
Stuart Fork Boat Ramp 1
Tanbark Picnic Area 3
Tannery 37
Tannery Beach 3
Trinity Center Boat Ramp 3
Trinity River 3
Trinity Visitor Center 3
Tunnel Rock 2
Special Uses
Cedar Stock Resort 7
Estrellita Marina 2
Trinity Alps Marina 3
Pine Cove Marina 2
Pinewood Cove Resort 1 0
Recreation Plus Resort 8
Wyntoon Resort 1
Trailheads
Adams Lake 1
Bear Creek 1
Boulder Creek 1
Boulder Lakes 2
Eagle Creek 1
East Fork Coffee Creek 1
Long Canyon 1
North Fork Coffee Creek 1
Ripple Creek 1
Stuart Fork 2
Sugarpine 1
Swift Creek 2
Union Creek 1
Tangle Blue 1
East Weaver Lake 1
Rush Creek Lake 1
Stonewall Pass 2
Granite Peak 1
North Fork Swift Creek 1
Packers Peak 1
South Fork Coffee Creek 1
Billy's Peak 1
Lake Eleanor 1
RN
RN
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RN
RN
RN
RN
R
R
RN
R
R
R
R
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
SPM
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
RN
F - 9
Appendix F - Developed Recreation Sites
Yolla Bolla Ranger District
Number of Recreation Sites Acres
6 Forest Service Campgrounds 20 (42 camping units)
|
1 |
Forest Service Picnic Area |
|
4 |
Forest Service Trailheads |
|
ROS Class |
Acres |
|
RN |
23 |
|
SPM |
4 |
|
Total |
27 |
Recreation Site Acres ROS Class
|
Basin Gulch |
9 |
RN |
|
Beegum Gorge |
1 |
SPM |
|
Deerlick Springs |
6 |
RN |
|
Gemmill Gulch Picnic Area |
2 |
RN |
|
North Fork Beegum |
1 |
SPM |
|
Tomhead Saddle |
2 |
SPM |
|
White Rock |
1 |
RN |
|
Trailheads |
||
|
Rat Trap Gap |
1 |
RN |
|
Stuart Gap |
1 |
RN |
|
Tomhead |
2 |
RN |
|
West Low Gap |
1 |
RN |
F- 10
APPENDIX G
Fish, Wildlife > and Botany
(see Draft EIS)
APPENDIX H
Budgets and their Relationship
to the Forest Plan
APPENDIX H
Budgets and their Relationship to the Forest Plan
The purpose of this appendix is to explain the Shasta- Trinity National Forests' (STNF) funding process and the relation between funding levels and implementation of the Forest Plan. The appendix explains: (1) the Federal budget process; (2) the STNF budget and management priorities; (3) supplemental sources of funding; and (4) monitoring of results.
The Budget Process
The Federal budget process is lengthy, spanning two years, and complex. The STNF's proposed budget is combined with the proposed budgets of all other ad- ministrative units to form the Forest Service's proposed budget. This is incorporated into the Department of Agriculture's proposed budget which then becomes part of the President's budget (Office of Management and Budget). After conferee action in the Legislative Branch and compromises to gain Presidentiaf approval, the budget becomes law. The process reverses as funds are allocated downward through administrative levels (Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Chief's Office, Regional Offices) until, finally, the budget becomes reality at the Forest level two years later. The budget is usually amended every step of the way and, thus, can be quite different from what was originally proposed by the Forest. Figure H-1 shows the Forests' evolutionary budget process to and from Congress.
The role of the Forest Plan in this process is to identify a program level for the Secretary of Agriculture, Congress, and the public which utilizes the identified resource capabilities and maximizes net benefits to the public. Congress retains the ultimate decision-making power over the budget, not just in total, but also over a variety of individual budget line items such as timber sales, recreation operations, wildlife management, etc., on a nation-wide basis. The Land and Resource Management Plan program level is typically higher than actual budget levels, since it is based on full utilization of resource capability and full service concepts. For this reason, and because of the budget process outlined above, it is probable that the actual STNF's budget would never match the budget shown in the Plan. Therefore, it is necessary to measure budgetary performance in im- plementing the Plan in terms of meeting minimum re- quirements of the standards and guidelines.
STNF Budget and Management Priorities
The proposed budget of the Forest Plan would increase by 17 percent when compared to the 1989 average budget. Increases in the budget are recommended for fire, wildlife, recreation and water. These additional dol- lars are necessary to more adequately control fires, protect and manage wildlife, maintain and enhance recreational opportunities, and protect water quality. (See Figure H-2)
Decreases in the budget are proposed for Forest roads. The majority of the STNF is already roaded and fewer roads will be needed in the future. The Forest Plan provides adequate funding to complete all new roads by the 5th decade and to maintain existing roads.
Timber funding has been reduced to reflect the reduction in the volume harvested in order to provide for manage- ment of the northern spotted owl. The remaining acres would require more intensive preparation to satisfy more stringent regulations and to provide for more elaborate cutting prescriptions required under uneven-aged management. Unit costs reflect these requirements.
Should Congress continue to fund resource programs separately as in the past, or provide inadequate overall funding, adjustments would be required in planned out- put levels and the rate at which some provisions of the Plan would be implemented. For example, should allo- cated funds to the STNF's for timber sale preparation and administration decrease below the current level, the sale targets in the proposed Forest Plan would have to be decreased. If funds for recreation construction projects stay at the current level, most of the planned campground and trail construction projects would not be completed in the coming decade.
While output levels listed in the Plan are tied to budget levels, output targets are only one aspect of the Plan. The Plan establishes clear management policy and practices for the Forests. This includes the minimum management requirements (MMRs), minimum implementation re- quirements (MIRs), Forest goals and policy, standards, and guidelines (see Chapter II of the Draft EIS and Chapter 4 of the proposed Forest Plan). In addition, the Plan establishes activities that are appropriate throughout the Forests (See Management Prescriptions and Management Area Direction). For example, areas designated for semi-primitive non-motorized recreation would not be accessed by new, permanent roads or
H-1
Appendix H - Budgets & Their Relationship to the Plan
scheduled for timber harvesting, while other areas would be managed primarily for timber production. The Forest goals and policies and land allocations are budget-inde- pendent. They would be adhered to no matter what budget level is appropriated in the yearly funding process.
Some of the Plan's management direction is budget-de- pendent, as described above. This applies not only to commodity production and recreation development, but to watershed rehabilitation and wildlife habitat enhance- ment as well. In no case, however, would MMRs, MIRs and management standards and guidelines be violated in order to meet production goals. For example, the Plan requires that in riparian areas preference be given to protection of riparian-dependent resources. This stand- ard cannot be relaxed to increase timber harvesting or grazing.
In addition, under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) an environmental analysis is prepared for every project that may affect the Forests' resources. If such an analysis shows that a project cannot be accomplished without violating the Forests' standards and guidelines, the project would be modified or not done at all.
Supplemental Sources Of Funding
The budget the Congress gives to the Forest Service authorizes it to spend appropriated and trust funds. However, while the budget is paramount in order to carry out National Forest activities, it is not the only factor that allows a Forest to get work done. Forests also receive money and services from other sources. These other sources are becoming increasingly important.
Cooperators aid greatly in accomplishing needed work. Historically, a range of between one and two million dollars has been provided by others to do "co-op" work. Each year, significant amounts of road maintenance, boat ramp maintenance, and wildlife habitat improve- ments are accomplished with money deposited by cooperators and supplemented by Forest Service funds.
Some of these require matching Forest Service funds and accomplishing specific cooperator goals which are com- patible with Forest Service management objectives. Another class of cooperative work is that which is per- formed by the Forest Service and billed back to cooperators for reimbursement. Reimbursements for work performed have also added significantly to some progam areas. For example, in 1989 the following projects were funded in this way:
Project Amount
Trinity River Basin $635,000
Shasta Dam Off-Highway Vehicle
(OHV) Phase I $50,000
Shasta Dam OHV Phase II $50,000
As a continuing effort, Forests' personnel are investigating ways to improve efficiency and productivity by looking at all available programs, to be funded through the Federal treasury or from other sources, in an attempt to accomplish more with the resources avail- able.
Monitoring
The Forest Plan includes a section on monitoring which keeps track of the goals set during the planning period (see Chapter 5). If the Forests vary to a large extent from accomplishing the objectives set in the Plan, a Plan amendment or revision may be required. The reasons for not meeting specific targets can be many, lack of funding being only one of them. Environmental factors, such as weather, major fires, and project level environmental analysis can have significant impacts. Since objectives are expressed in average annual terms for a ten year period, accomplishment levels at less than the annual average would not automatically trigger a Plan amend- ment. The allowed variability for eacnmonitoring item is shown in the Monitoring Plan. If Forest activities fall outside of the allowed variability, then a Plan amend- ment or revision could be required.
Appendix H - Budgets & Their Relationship to the Plan
Figure H -1
Budget Process Flow Chart
LMP
RPA
Regional directions & guidelines Funding constraints
Forest Supervisor builds budget proposal
LMP
RPA
Regional emphasis F.S. Chief's directions & guidelines
C LMP RPA
President's directions & guidelines US DA Secretary's direction & guidelines Personnel ceilings Funding constraints
President's direction & guidelines Funding Constraints Personnel ceilings
Political strategies & interests
Economic factors Competing agencies
^RPA N
Political interests Special
interest groups Committee biases Competing agencies Public pressures National Budget
Regional Forester proposes a budget to F. S. Chief
F.S. Chief proposes a budget to USDA Secretary
V J
USDA Secretary proposes a budget to President
I
^President ^
proposes a budget ” to Congress
Congress appropriates or approves a budget
constraints
H - 3
Appendix H - Budgets & Their Relationship to the Plan
Figure H - 2
Historical and Planned Budgets Percent of Total 1989 Budget
36%
Millions of Dollars
|
□ |
Fire |
4,777 |
|
1 1 |
Timber |
13,381 |
|
Roads |
3,735 |
|
|
Pfl| |
Wildlife |
900 |
|
Recreation |
2,164 |
|
|
Water |
648 |
|
|
i |
Other |
11,171 |
Total Budget 36,776,000
Forest Plan 1 st Decade Average
Millions of Dollars
|
Fire |
7,000 |
|
Timber |
12,050 |
|
Roads |
3,140 |
|
Wildlife |
2,610 |
|
Recreation |
7,640 |
|
Water |
750 |
|
Other |
9,810 |
Total Budget 43,000,000
H - 4
APPENDIX I Timber Land Suitability Criteria
APPENDIX I
Timber Land Suitability Criteria
Lands which are considered as tentatively suitable for timber production will be determined in accordance with the National Forest Management Act (NFMA) regulations (36 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 219.14). This determination must be made before timber harvesting can be done. Timber suitability is to be determined by site-specific analysis using the following criteria and pro- cedures:
Forest Land Withdrawn From Timber Production.
Lands designated by the Congress, the Secretary of Agriculture, or the Chief of the Forest Service, for pur- poses that preclude timber production, are classified as unsuitable. Examples are Congressionally designated Wildernesses and classified Research Natural Areas (RNAs). On the Shasta-Trinity National Forests, the fol- lowing lands are withdrawn from timber production:
• Castle Crags Wilderness;
• Chanchelulla Wilderness;
• Mt. Shasta Wilderness;
• Trinity Alps Wilderness;
• Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness; and the
• Shasta Mud Flow RNA.
Forest Land Incapable of Producing Industrial Wood.
Lands that are non-productive or not capable of produc- ing crops of industrial wood are classified as unsuitable for timber production. On the Shasta-Trinity Forests, lands which are incapable of producing an average of at least 20 cubic feet per acre per year are included (Dun- ning Site Class VI - see below). Tree species which are not being utilized or not expected to be (within the next 10 years) constitute a primary criterion for assigning lands to this category. Forest types such as digger pine, live oak, and pinyon-juniper fall into this classification.
Dunning Site Class
Mean Annual Growth
Site Class (Cubic Feet/Acre)
|
1 |
120 + |
|
II |
85-119 |
|
III |
50-84 |
|
IV |
50-84 |
|
V |
20-49 |
|
VI |
<20 |
Physically Unsuitable Forest Land. Forest lands which are physically unsuitable for timber production are lands where technology is not available to ensure timber production without irreversible damage to soils produc- tivity or watershed conditions. In addition, there is no reasonable assurance that these lands can be adequately restocked within five years after harvest. Economic ef- ficiency is not a factor in determining physical suitability. On the Shasta-Trinity Forests, the following criteria are to be used to determine physical suitability:
Irreversible Resource Damage. Extremely unstable lands, including active landslides and inner gorge areas, are classified as unsuitable.
Non-Regenerable Lands. The following lands are con- sidered unsuitable:
Slope - continuous slopes greater than 80 percent;
Water Table - high water table and wet soil areas, where water is within two feet of the surface year- round;
Nutrient-Chemical Balance - areas of moderate ser- pentine minerology or pumaceous minerology where pH is less than or equal to 4.5;
Rock Fragments - areas where coarse rock frag- ments greater than 2 inches in diameter, within 12 inches of the soil surface, make up more than 60 percent of the soil profile and where the available water-holding capacity (AWC) is less than 1.9 inches;
Moisture Stress - areas where the AWC is less than or equal to 1.3 inches and the Dunning Site Class equals IV or V.
Lands which are considered to be suitable but are very difficult to regenerate by artificial means will be classified as suitable, but not for clearcutting. Natural regeneration will normally be relied upon to reforest these areas.
The process used in developing the criteria for determin- ing timber land suitability is found in Forest Service Handbook 2409.13, Timber Resource Planning Hand- book. An interdisciplinary process, with public involve- ment, was used on the Forests. Monitoring will determine the need for any necessary changes in these suitability criteria.
I - 1
APPENDIX J
Description of Silvicultural Treatments
Used in Timber Management
Prescriptions
APPENDIX J
Description of Silvicultural Treatments Used in Timber Management Prescriptions
Site Preparation Options
Broadcast Burn. This treatment includes burning debris, brush, and trees in place after construction of firelines. It includes spot or jackpot burning where no mechanical piling is involved. On moderate and low regenerability sites having southerly aspects spring burning is recom- mended.
Brush Rake. Brush rake attachments are mounted on crawler tractors that pile or windrow brush and/or slash to a "free of dirt" standard. Such operations will grub the root crown of sprouting vegetation. This method will be used on slopes less than 40 percent.
Dessicate and Burn. This treatment includes herbicide spraying followed by burning or mechanical crushing followed by burning. It is used to increase the proportion of dead fuels to insure complete burns.
Disking. Disking will be used primarily on sites east of the Sacramento River Drainage. The disk will be pulled by crawler tractor over brush less than 3 feet high. Disking will be done in 2 treatments separated by one month to allow for drying. Disking must be done the summer before spring planting. Disking is limited to slopes less than 20 percent. This treatment is limited to areas which are free of debris over 1 0 inches in diameter and free of rocks over 24 inches in diameter.
Fell and Bum. This treatment includes the felling of residual trees and brush followed by broadcast burning. It is used where standing vegetation would make burning difficult and/or where additional dead fuels are needed for complete burning. Work is generally done by hand.
Herbicides. This treatment can be initiated after burning to suppress regrowth of competing vegetation or it can be applied without burning. Herbicides are applied before planting for plantation establishment. Two methods are available:
Aerial. This involves application by aircraft, usually helicopters.
Ground. Application is by any method traveling on the surface of the ground.
Lop and Scatter. This treatment includes the cutting, lopping, and scattering of residual vegetation to provide planters access to planting spots. No burning is involved.
Masticators. The Hydroax, Shar, and Tomahawk mas- ticators can be used on slopes equal to or less than 30 percent. When using this method, the vegetation and debris is chopped. This treatment is not generally fol- lowed by burning. It is not recommended for use with sprouting species.
Scalp. This treatment includes hand scalping of un- desirable grass, rock, sosl, debris, or ash from the imme- diate planting area. It is most often used on steep slopes where only scattered portions of the planting areas need treatment or mechanical methods are not environmen- tally or economically feasible.
Subtilling. This treatment is used on areas with shallow hardpans, such as volcanic soils on the McCloud and Mt. Shasta Districts. Soil is plowed to about an 18-inch depth to break up hardpans and facilitate planting; it is also called ripping.
Terracing. This treatment is used on slopes between 20 and 60 percent to cut below the root system of compet- ing sprouting species where herbicides or mechanical means are not practical. It is also used to remove inhibit- ing surface soil layer (pumice rock) on grounds steeper than those which can be handled by V-plow or where volcanic areas are involved. Terracing is also used on harsh sites to improve the soil structure, soil moisture holding capacity, and the seeding environment.
V-Plow. The V-plow can be used for very Sow brush and grass areas such as rabbit brush, sagebrush, scrub man- zanita, and grass. Areas treated with V-plow can be planted immediately after treatment. The V-plow removes the top 4 to 18 inches of soil from the planting site but is not good on rocky soils where rocks greater than 24 inches in diameter exist. The V-plow is not suited for shallow soil areas. This treatment can be used on slopes that are equal to or less than 20 percent. In actual practice the V-plow is used primarily on the east edge of the Mt. Shasta District and on the McCloud District.
j-1
Appendix J - Silvicultural Treatments
Competing Vegetation-Explanations and Assumptions
Control of competing vegetation can be broken into three categories:
Site Preparation. Treatments are applied before planting to suppress regrowth of the root systems of competing vegetation. This is necessary for conifer seedlings to become established during their first growing season.
Plantation Release. Under this option treatments are applied after planting. Two variations of this option are used:
Release for Establishment. Treatments are aimed at reducing root competition from competing vegeta- tion to increase the availability of moisture and nutrients to insure that planted seedlings can be- come established. This option is usually performed within three years of planting.
Release for Growth. Treatments are applied to es- tablished plantation to increase the growth rate of the planted trees by reducing shade from compet- ing vegetation. Root competition is reduced as well. This treatment is usually done between the 3-8 years after planting.
Vegetative control for plantation establishment and/or growth is usually necessary where grass or persistent leafed, sprouting brush and/or trees are found under nonstocked or sparsely stocked conifer stands (i.e., con- ifer crown closures which are less than 40 percent).
Reforestation Options
Bare Root Planting. This method is used primarily be- cause of the economics of purchasing stock. It is the best option to use on high to moderate regenerability sites.
Containerized Seedlings. These are generally used in hard-to-plant areas or special circumstances. Two methods are available:
Regular containerized seedlings are used primarily when planting pine on rocky sites or where brush and stumps prohibit use of Hoedad-planting tool.
"Super cells" type are employed on low regenerability sites for planting large true fir and Douglas-fir stock.
Natural Regeneration. These treatments include two methods:
Copice. This involves regeneration of sprouting hardwood species, plus Pacific yew.
Natural Seeding. This method is used primarily on low sites for true firs, lodgepole pine, and knob- cone pine to supplement artificial regeneration.
Seedling Protection Options
Domestic Livestock Control. Horses, sheep, and cattle are controlled through fencing or other means.
Herbicide Ground Applications. Used to control gophers by eliminating preferred gopher feed plants. It is not necessary on ground steeper than 40 percent slopes.
Insecticide Application. The insecticide is placed on or around seedlings to protect them from insect damage. It most commonly involves the use of baited meal or sprays for grasshopper control.
Pheromone Treatment. This treatment involves applica- tion and insect attraction used primarily for pine tip moth control in plantations. It may work well for other insects as well.
Rodenticide Bait. The bait is placed in underground burrows to control pocket gophers. Both mechanical burrow builders and hand baiting are used.
Shade. This method is employed to control microclimates at or near soil surfaces to reduce maxi- mum temperatures or stress. It is primarily useful on southerly aspects for true firs and Douglas-fir. Two methods of shade control are feasible:
Artificial Shade. This involves the placement of off- site shading materials, such as shade cards made of treated cardboard.
Natural Shade. This method uses shading material found on the site, such as stumps and slash.
Tube. This (Vexar) is a device to protect seedlings against stem or top damage by animals.
Release Options (Vegetative Manage- ment)
Disking. Tractor pulled plows or disks turn the soils; they are employed on sites that are equal to or less than 20 percent.
J-2
Appendix J - Silvicultural Treatments
Hand Tools. Cutting or grubbing brush by saws, axes, hoes, etc. This treatment method is most effective when used for release for establishment of plantations with nonsprouting hardwood and brush, and for release for growth of established plantations for all species of com- petition except perennial grasses.
Herbicide Release. Three methods are involved:
Aerial Application. This method primarily employs helicopters but fixed wing aircraft may also be used.
Boom Spray. A tractor mounted spray rig is employed using lateral booms.
Hand Application. This is herbicide use where brush is less than 50 percent crown closure and less than 6 feet high. Several methods are employed: stem injection; mistblower; "Hudson" sprayers; high pressure hoses from control pump- ing units; hand application of herbicide pellets; and cut stump.
Other Mechanical Methods. Self-propelled machines cut, chop, or crush the competing vegetation on slopes equal to or less than 40 percent.
Precommercial Thinning or Weeding
Chemical. This involves hand injection of undesirable trees.
Christmas Tree Cutting. This is a treatment used in true firs and Douglas-fir only. Leave trees or cut trees, whichever is the lesser, will be marked before cutting. On trees removed for Christmas tree use the cut is made below the lowest living branch.
Hand Tools. Hand operated cutting tools, such as chain- saws, handsaws, pruners, hoes, etc., are used to remove unwanted trees.
Other Mechanical Methods. This includes self-propelled machines which disk, plow, chop, crush, or cut the unwanted trees. This method is usually employed in areas with less than 40 percent slope. All treatments are usually followed by hand or chemical treatments to cut unwanted trees immediately adjacent to crop trees.
Intermediate Harvest Options
Commercial Thinnings. Commercial thinning entries will normally be not less than 20 years apart. This is done in younger stands prior to regeneration cutting or final harvest. Normally, one to two thinning entries will be scheduled in a stand, depending on slope, site, and species.
Sanitation/Salvage. Older dead, down, dying, and high risk trees, which are not expected to survive, are removed prior to the final regeneration cut. May involve one or more entries.
No Treatment. A plantation is allowed to grow to final harvest with no cuttings beyond the precommercial thin- nings.
Final Harvest Options
Clearcutting. This can be done in the form of patch, strip, or group cutting and is usually followed immediately by artificial reforestation (planting).
Green Tree Retention. This practice involves the reten- tion of an average of six live trees per acre that exceed the average diameter of the stand. The trees are retained through the life of the new, regenerated stand, primarily for wildlife and aesthetic purposes.
Selection. Includes both single-tree and group selection systems. Regeneration and intermediate cuttings are usually done in one operation, with entries occurring about every 10 to 15 years. Reforestation can be done either artificially or naturally. This treatment is most commonly employed in areas where timber production is not the primary objective.
Shelter-wood. This treatment includes preparatory step and/or seed step, and the final overstory removal step. Planting usually takes place under the seed trees imme- diately after the seed step. Overstory removal is initiated as soon as shade is no longer needed for seedling estab- lishment, which is approximately 10 years or less after the seed cut. The use of seed step as a sole means of reforestation without planting is rarely done. The treat- ment is most commonly employed on sites containing true fir and Douglas-fir on southerly aspects with moderate to low regenerability sites.
J-3
APPENDIX K
Road Construction , Maintenance and
Use Standards
APPENDIX K
Road Construction, Maintenance and Use Standards
Functional Road Classifications
Forest Arterial Roads. These roads provide service to large land areas and usually connect with public high- ways or other Forest arterial roads to form an integrated network of primary travel routes. The location and stand- ards of these roads are usually determined by a demand for maximum mobility and travel efficiency rather than a specific resource-management service. They are usually double lane, developed and operated for long-term land and resource management purposes and constant ser- vice. Forest arterial roads are normally Maintenance Level 3, 4, and 5.
Forest Collector Roads. These roads serve smaller land areas and are usually connected to a Forest arterial road or public highway. They collect traffic from Forest local roads or terminal facilities. The location and standards for these roads are influenced by long-term multi- resource service needs and travel efficiency. Forest col- lector roads may be operated for either constant or intermittent service, depending on land use and resource management objectives for the area served by the facility. Forest collector roads are normally Maintenance Level 2, 3, or 4.
Arterial and collector roads usually have standards com- mensurate with the level of use and mix of traffic types, (i.e., logging and recreation vehicles.)
Forest Local Roads. These roads connect terminal facilities with Forest arterial or collector roads or public highways. The location and standard of these roads is usually determined by factors required to serve a specific resource activity, rather than travel efficiency. Forest local roads may be developed and operated for constant or intermittent service. They are usually single lane and are designed to fit the ground with the least impact. Forest local roads are normally Maintenance Level 1, 2, or 3.
Local roads, outside of developed recreation sites, will usually be designed and constructed according to the following guidelines:
Single lane, 12-14 feet wide, outsloped;
Native surface;
50 feet minimum radius curves;
Turnouts where topography allows;
Permanent drainage structures in stream crossings;
5-10 mile per hour travel speed.
Within developed recreation sites roads may be single or double lane, usually surfaced or dust abated, and main- tained to Level 3, 4, or 5.
Road Maintenance Levels
The distinction between maintenance levels is not always sharply defined. Some criteria may overlap two or more different maintenance levels. Assignment at specific maintenance levels should be based on the criteria that best fits the management objectives for the road. Some road management objectives, such as for an interior campground road, may not be compatible with some of the following criteria. In these situations, the desired level of user comfort and convenience should be used as the overriding criteria to determine the maintenance level.
Maintenance levels are defined as follows:
Level 1 . This level is assigned to intermittent service roads during the time that management direction requires the road be closed or otherwise blocked to traffic. Basic custodial maintenance is performed to protect the road investment and to keep damage to adjacent resources to an acceptable level. Drainage facilities and runoff patterns are maintained.
Roads receiving Level 1 maintenance may be of any type, class, or construction standard and may be managed at any other maintenance level when management direc- tion requires that they be open for traffic. However, while roads are maintained at Level 1, they are closed or blocked to traffic.
Roads assigned maintenance levels 2-5 may be constant service roads or intermittent service roads during the time they are open to traffic.
Level 2. This level is assigned when management direc- tion requires that the road be open for limited passage of traffic. Traffic is normally minor and usually consists of one or a combination of administrative, permitted, dis- persed recreation, or other specialized uses. Log haul may occur at this level.
Roads in this maintenance level are normally charac- terized as single lane, rough facilities intended for use by high clearance vehicles. Passenger car traffic is not a consideration.
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Appendix K - Road Use Standards
Level 3. This level is assigned when management direc- tion requires the road to be open and maintained for safe passenger car travel. Traffic volumes are minor to moderate; however, user comfort and convenience is not considered a priority.
Roads at this maintenance level are normally charac- terized as low speed, single lane with turnouts and spot surfacing. Some roads may be fully surfaced with either native or processed material. The functional classifica- tion of these roads is normally local or collector.
Level 4. This level is assigned where management direc- tion requires the road to provide a moderate degree of user comfort and convenience at moderate travel speeds. Traffic volumes are normally sufficient to require a double lane aggregate surfaced road. Some roads may be single lane and some may be paved and/or dust abated The functional classification of these roads is normally collector or arterial.
Level 5. This level is assigned where management direc- tion requires the road to provide a high degree of user comfort and convenience. These roads are normally double lane, paved facilities. Some may be aggregate surfaced and dust abated. Functional classification of these roads is normally arterial.
The relationship between maintenance levels is shown in Table K-1
Table K-2 defines traffic service levels as used in these documents.
K-2
Appendix K - Road Use Standards
TABLE Kri
Road Maintenance Levels
(This table is a general guide to help define road maintenance levels) v.
MAINTENANCE LEVEL
1 :/ i ■ ; 3,: "4 5
In accordance with Land Management objectives, provide for the protection of investment, environment, adjacent resources, and User safety. V
|
Operational Status |
Intermittent Service- Closed Status |
Constant Service or Intermittent Service - Open Status (some users may be restricted under 36 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 261.50). |
|||
|
Traffic Typte: x |
Closed N/A |
Administratively per- mitted, dispersed recreation, special- ized, commercial haul. |
All National Forest traffic general use, commercial haul. |
||
|
Vehicle Type - |
Closed N/A |
High clearance, pick-up, 4x4, etc.. |
All types - passenger cars to large ^ trucks. |
||
|
Traffic Volume |
Closed N/A |
Traffic volume generally increases with maintenance level. |
|||
|
Surface Type |
All types |
Native ..aggregate |
Native aggregate, . BituminpM:::: |
Aggregate, Bituminous :: : |
Bituminous |
|
Travel Speed |
Closed N/A |
: Travel speed generally increases with maintenance level. |
|||
|
User Comfort & Convenience |
Closed N/A |
Degree of user comfort and convenience increases with '• maintenance level. |
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Appendix K - Road Use Standards
APPENDIX L
Descriptions of Management Practices
APPENDIX L
Descriptions of Management
Practices
Cultural Resource Management
Archaeological and Historical Sites
This practice includes protection and enhancement of cultural resources, including physical protection, patrol, law enforcement, signing, and review of permit applica- tions for excavation and research. This management practice also involves the preparation of cultural /histori- cal sites for public interpretation.
Native American Sacred Places
This practice includes identification and protection of places of traditional value to Native Americans, specifi- cally those having religious or sacred significance. Con- sultation with Native Americans is mandatory (Public Law 95-341), and mitigation is not normally possible.
Facilities
Road Construction and Reconstruction
Preconstruction functions such as road reconnaissance and route analysis, road location, road surveys, road design, and field review are included under this practice. Engineering construction activities include road staking ana inspection. Road system inventory and road management activities are also included.
This category also includes arterial, collector, and local road construction/reconstruction as well as timber pur- chaser road construction and reconstruction, bridge and major culvert preconstruction, and specific construction tasks.
Trail Construction and Reconstruction
This practice includes trail and trailhead preconstruction functions such as reconnaissance, location and selec- tion, survey and design, and field review. Trail construc- tion, reconstruction, construction inspection, and the building of trail structures are also included under this practice.
Trail systems inventory and planning and trail system management are also included.
Fire and Fuels
Fire Management
This practice includes all fire management activities with the exception of fuels management. Included are fire management planning and analysis, fire prevention, fire detection, primary/initial attack forces, secondary attack forces, fire reinforcements, forest fire support and facilitating services, initial attack fire suppression action, and escaped fire suppression.
Fuels Reduction and Management
This practice consists of fuels treatment resulting from activities such as timber sales, road construction, etc., and the treatment of prior activity (timber sales, roads, etc.) fuels. In these cases treatment was not ac- complished or is unsatisfactory under existing standards.
Fuels treatment may be accomplished by:
--Prescribed Fire (broadcast burn, pile and burn, etc.); -Rearrangement (crushing, shredding, disking, etc.);
-Removal (yarding unmerchantable material [YUM], piling, salvage sales, free use permits etc.); and
-Biomass Utilization (energy generation, especially commercial).
Natural fuels would be treated by either prescribed fire, rearrangement, or removal when they present a serious threat.
The use of fuelbreaks, in lieu of or in combination with fuel treatment, would be used to break up large areas of continuous fuel or unsatisfactory fuel conditions. A fuelbreak is a strip of land one to five chains wide, and is usually located on a major ridge where vegetation has been modified to control wildfires. Fuelbreaks may be constructed by machine or hand using prescribed fire, removal, rearrangement or combinations thereof.
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Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices
Maintenance of areas, including fuelbreaks that have previously received fuel treatment, may be done by burning, removal, rearrangement or spraying.
Vegetation Treatment by Burning
Vegetation (i.e., chaparral) would be treated by burning for timber stand improvement, wildlife habitat improve- ment, range improvement, etc.
Fisheries
Coldwater Fishery Habitat Management
This management practice includes:
1. installing in-stream structures (boulders, gabion and boulder weirs, half logs, log and crib deflectors, etc.) to modify channel morphology and increase suitable fish habitat;
2. fencing streamside areas and planting riparian vegetation to increase streambank cover and canopy over the stream;
3. removing fine sediments from spawning gravels;
4. stabilizing landslide toes to reduce fine sediment delivery to stream channels; and
5. modifying or removing barriers to migrating spawn- ing fish, particularly for anadromous fish species. This objective would be accomplished in lakes by planting or protecting riparian vegetation to mini- mize sedimentation, controlling human access, and regulating water levels to increase suitable living space.
Fisheries Habitat Management - Sensitive Fish
Summer Steelhead
1. Management practices recognized as specific to Coldwater Fishery Habitat Management also apply to this description.
2. Summer steelhead populations entering different tributaries would be recognized as discrete, unique, and wild.
3. Summer steelhead populations would be managed recognizing the standards prescribed in the 1986 Region 5 Forest Service edition of the "Summer Steelhead Management Direction." These guidelines are currently being updated by the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG).
4. During project level planning, insure that other resource objectives are consistent with the manage- ment of wild populations of summer steelhead.
5. Conduct annual snorkeling surveys in Canyon Creek, the North Fork Trinity River and the South Fork Trinity River to assess the number of summer steelhead adults holding in these tributaries.
6. Continue to evaluate the South Fork Trinity River with the DFG to better determine and understand the relationships between habitat suitability and fish productivity.
7. Given the progressive, but slow recovery process of the anadromous fish habitat within the South Fork Trinity River, the Forest Service would not attempt to manage fish habitat toward historical population levels. Rather, the river habitat would be managed in a manner more conducive to a reduced produc- tion potential level.
8. Encourage recreational sportfishing of summer steelhead populations when it will not compromise the viability of a population or conflict with DFG harvest management policies and regulations.
9. Evaluate the best methods available to identify spawning tributaries preferred by summer steel- head within the South Fork Trinity River. Also iden- tify and measure habitat characteristics selected by summer steelhead spawners.
10. Inventory tributaries within the South Fork Trinity River to identify opportunities for Interim Artificial Propagation (IAP).
1 1 . Implement IAP operations only after completion of the criteria selection (screening) process as estab- lished by the Trinity River Restoration Program (TRRP) and final approval by DFG.
Warmwater Fishery Habitat Management
This management practice includes:
1. installation of fish attractors/artificial reef struc- tures;
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Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices
2. seeding and planting of flood-tolerant and/or drought resistant vegetation in reservoir drawdown zones;
3. nutrient enrichment of select coves;
4. construction of sub-impoundment(s) to increase recruitment of desirable fish species to the parent reservoir;
5. installation of wave-attenuating floating break- waters to reduce turbity and improve spawning conditions;
6. assistance to private groups with the monitoring of rearing cages;
7. encouraging the management of water levels by the Bureau of Reclamation to reflect the lifecycle needs of black bass species.
Integrated Pest Management
This practice deals with the regulation of pest popula- tions to minimize their effects on management objectives in an ecologically sound manner. It consists of a decision- making process and action alternatives.
The decision-making process considers the ecology of the host and its pests throughout the rotation of the Forests. It also considers management objectives and economic values of the resource, coupled with monitor- ing data on pest populations and environmental factors, that favor their increase. These data are required to decide for or against action to reduce excessive losses to the resource.
Action alternatives may be oriented toward prevention of losses or they may be in direct response to chronic or catastrophic losses. One or more approaches may be used. These approaches emphasize retention of natural systems and include cultural, mechanical, biological, regulatory, and chemical tactics. A no-action alternative may also be appropriate.
Integrated pest management is a dynamic process. It includes monitoring to measure accomplishments, iden- tification of knowledge gaps that interfere with sound decision making, and implementation of new knowledge to continuously update and increase the effectiveness of the system.
Minerals Development
Surface (Locatable Minerals*)
Placer mining or open-pit mining are the standard methods for extracting shallow-depth ores. Placer mining involves the washing of loose alluvium containing minerals such as gold, tin, and tungsten. Open-pit mining is normally used Tor lower grade ores such as limestone, pumice stone, asbestos, and diatomaceous earth. A waste site and access road are standard operation fea- tures.
With either of these methods, the ground surface is normally disturbed. The amount of ground disturbance will vary between 2 and 20 acres, depending on the amount of ore removed and the nature of the operation.
The most common form of mineral extraction on the Shasta-Trinity National Forests is dredging. Little or no surface disturbance generally occurs with this method of mining. Operations must be authorized.
Subsurface (Locatable Minerals*)
Vertical shafts or horizontal adits are the standard methods for reaching deep deposits; however, the horizontal adit is preferable. A mine plant, waste site, and access road are normal operation features.
*ln the Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area (NRA) these minerals are leaseable, and leases are under the authority of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM).
Geothermal (Leaseable Minerals)
The U.S. Department of Interior (USDI), through the BLM, has sole authority to issue leases on National Forest lands, and the BLM is responsible for administering these leases. Forest Service responsibility is outlined in a Memorandum of Understanding with the BLM which deals with protection of surface resources through the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process.
The first major phase in geothermal development is exploratory drilling. Site preparation for drilling includes road construction, drill pad construction, and sump con- struction. Roads are designed to carry heavy loads year- round. The drill pad is an area leveled and cleared of vegetation. The sump is designed to contain fluids. The drill pad and sump require a surface area of between 1 and 3 acres.
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Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices
If a power plant is constructed, it must be located within 1 mile of the geothermal wells. A typical power plant site occupies from 3 to 5 acres. The stream is transported from the wells to the plant via above ground pipes, normally 20 inches in diameter. The power plant consists of a turbine, stream condenser, and cooling towers. Transmission lines are normally on towers and occupy a right-of-way area of 18 acres per mile (150 feet wide).
Oil and Gas (Leaseable Minerals)
The Forest Service has sole authority to issue and ad- minister leases on National Forest lands. Forest Service responsibility is outlined in the On-Shore Oil and Gas Act
of 1987.
Exploration is the major phase in oil and gas develop- ment. An exploration well entails all of the effects of deep well drilling operations. A pad is excavated and a derrick is erected, and there may be road construction. Usually a mud sump is built.
When oil or gas is discovered, a well is developed and transportation facilities are constructed. Buried pipelines are the most common method of transportation to a central collection point. Usually when oil or gas is dis- covered, a field is developed. Spacing for production wells is usually 40 acres for oil and 160 to 640 acres for gas. Thus, at 40 acre spacing one section of land could have 1 6 wells and assorted roads and at 1 60 acres 4 wells per section. Most fields range from 1,000 to several thousand acres.
Range
Livestock Grazing
This practice provides domestic livestock grazing at cur- rent carrying-capacities on primary and secondary ran- ges. Three levels of management intensity or alternative management strategies are involved:
Strategy B. - Livestock numbers are controlled so that use is within the apparent grazing capacity. Improve- ments are minimal, and they are constructed only when needed to protect and maintain the range resource. The unit of measure is animal months (AMs), and they are affected by the level of manage- ment applied.
Strategy C. - The amount of forage available to live- stock is fully utilized. Cost-effective management systems and techniques, including fencing and water development, are designed and applied to obtain relatively uniform livestock distribution, use of forage, and maintenance of plant vigor. AMs are affected by the level of management practiced.
Strategy D. - Production and utilization are optimized based on the amount of forage available for livestock use. Cultural practices such as brush control, type conversion, or seeding may be combined with fencing and water systems. The number of AMs is directly affected by the level of management applied.
Recreation
Roaded Natural Recreation
This practice includes activities applied to an area which is characterized by predominantly natural appearing en- vironments with moderate evidences of the sights and sounds of humans. Interaction between users may be low to moderate, with evidence of other users prevalent. Visual Resource Management (VRM) activities may visually dominate the original landscape. However, al- terations of vegetation and land form must borrow from naturally established form, line, color, or texture.
Off-highway vehicle (OHV) travel is permitted on roads, trails, and areas rated suitable for OHV use. This includes rivers or sections of outstandingly remarkable rivers that are readily accessible by road or railroad and that may have some development along shorelines, or may have undergone some impoundment or diversion in the past. Recreation Rivers within the Wild and Scenic Rivers Sys- tem would be managed to protect or enhance the values that caused them to be designated as Recreation Rivers. Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) include Retention (R), Partial Retention (PR), and Modification (M).
Rural Recreation
This practice includes activities applied to an area which is characterized by a substantially modified natural en- vironment. Sights and sounds of humans are readily evident, and interaction between users is often moderate to high. Facilities are designed for use by a large number of people. VRM activities of vegetation and landform may dominate the landscape in the foreground and mid- dleground. However, alterations must remain visually subordinate as viewed in the background. OHV travel is permitted in areas rated suitable for OHV use. VQOs include M and Maximum Modification (MM).
Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized Recreation
This practice includes activities applied to an area which is characterized by a predominantly natural or natural appearing environment of a moderate to large size. Interaction between users is low, but there is often evidence of other users. VRM activities are not usually evident. Wild Rivers within the Wild and Scenic Rivers
L - 4
Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices
System, and rivers or sections of outstandingly remark- able rivers free of impoundments and generally inacces- sible except by trail, would be managed to protect or enhance the values which caused them to be designated as Wild Rivers. No motorized travel is permitted. VQOs include R and PR.
Semi-Primitive Motorized Recreation
This practice includes activities applied to an area which is characterized by a predominantly natural or natural appearing environment of a moderate to large size. Concentration of users is low, but there is often evidence of other users. VRM activities are visually subordinate to the natural landscape. Scenic Rivers within the Wild and Scenic Rivers System and rivers or sections of rivers that are free of impoundments, with shorelines largely un- developed but accessible in places by roads, would be managed to protect or enhance the values which caused them to be designated as Scenic Rivers. OHV motorized travel is permitted on roads and trails during summer months and in winter on areas rated suitable for winter OHV use. VQOs include R and PR.
Developed Site Management
This practice includes activities applied to an area where landform and vegetation are substantially modified to accommodate intensive occupancy use. Included are structural facilities for public use and enjoyment, includ- ing but not limited to water and sanitation systems, pedestrian and vehicular circulation systems, and other user facilities. Also included are developed recreation areas and downhill skiing. VQOs of foreground and middleground areas, as seen from designated developed recreation sites, include R and PR.
Riparian Areas
Streamside and Wetlands Management
This practice applies to the management of areas ad- jacent to streams and wetlands for the protection of the riparian environment, water quality, and stream courses. Areas to be protected would include inner-gorge landforms, and they would be designated as a riparian management zone (RMZ).
Soils and Water
Soils and Water Improvement
This management practice includes erosion-reduction, and soil/water quality enhancement projects. An erosion-reduction project might entail the plugging of gulleys and the revegetation of slopes to reduce sedi- ment that would otherwise run off during wet weather. Soil quality enhancement projects might include fertiliza- tion or scarification of the soil.
Water resource improvement practices would be directed toward improving the quantity, quality, or timing of water flows. Projects listed above for soil improvement would also be included here, except for fertilization.
Special Areas
Research Natural Area Establishment and Management
This practice includes the establishment of Research Natural Areas (RNAs), in as close to a natural condition as possible, for research and educational purposes.
For each RNA established, a specific management plan would be developed to maintain the target element and other resource values in the best possible condition.
Special Interest Area Establishment and Management
This practice includes the establishment of Special Inter- est Areas (SIAs) that possess unusual recreation and scientific values. These values would be available for public study, use, or enjoyment.
For each SIA established, a specific management plan would be developed to protect the important resources while accommodating an appropriate level of public use.
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Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices
Threatened, Endangered (T&E), and Sensitive Species (Plants and Animals)
Wildlife Habitat Management - Existing T&E Species
Peregrine Falcon
Management practices include protection of the nesting territory from disturbance and maintenance and/or en- hancement of foraging areas, especially riparian areas. A high level of vegetation diversity is maintained through prescribed fire and silvicultural prescriptions.
Within an approximate 1 /2 to 3/4 of a mile zone around the nest some management activities may be restricted. These activities include logging, road construction, haul- ing, mining, grazing, recreation, etc.
Bald Eagle
Management practices are designed to protect nesting bald eagles from disturbance; to maintain nest tree and stand characteristics; and to maintain the forage resource.
Prescribed fire and silvicultural prescriptions are used to maintain nest trees, future nest trees, roosts, perches, and screening cover. Ponderosa pine and sugar pine tree species are maintained as the dominant canopy within the nesting territory.
Activities within an approximate 1 /2 to 3/4 of a mile zone around the nest may be restricted. These activities in- clude logging, road construction, hauling, grazing, recreation, marinas, etc.
Associated water bodies (lakes and rivers) would be managed to maintain the fishery for bald eagles.
Spotted Owl
Special habitat has been identified for the primary pur- pose of protecting the spotted owl. This habitat includes the Habitat Capability Areas (HCA) identified in the In- teragency Scientific Committee Report (ISC). This also requires that habitat outside the HCAs be managed according to the 50-11-40 rule. In addition, the habitat for owl includes critical habitat outside of HCAs identified by the Fish and Wildlife Service in their draft Recovery Plan.
Wildlife Habitat Management - Sensitive Animals
Goshawk
A network of managed nest territories would provide habitat for goshawks. These stands would be managed to provide a dense, mature coniferous forest. Decadence is an important component of these stands. Silvicultural prescriptions would be designed to provide for these stands.
Activities within an approximate 1 /2 to 3 /4 of a mile zone around the nest may be restricted. These activities in- clude logging, road construction, hauling, grazing, recreation, etc.
Habitat Management-Sensitive and Endemic Plants
This management practice includes habitat protection and enhancement for maintaining viability of sensitive and endemic plant populations.
Techniques for protection include: (1) avoidance of occupied habitat during project design and implementa- tion; (2) designation of SIAs and RNAs with existing sensitive and endemic plant populations to serve as refugia; (3) fencing of populations in high-impact areas; and (4) appropriate signing to increase public awareness of potential impacts.
Habitat enhancement techniques for disturbance-de- pendent species include prescribed burning, surface scarification, and limited shrub or overstory removal. Watershed stabilization and other rehabilitation techni- ques are suitable for species needing undisturbed condi- tions. Land acquisition of parcels with suitable habitat is used to increase the amount of habitat available for sensitive and endemic plants on the Forests.
Propagation may be used to increase individual popula- tions or to reintroduce sensitive plants into formerly occupied sites.
Timber
Intensive Management
This management practice includes the use of even-aged silvicultural systems to achieve a high timber volume output from that part of the Forest land base classified as fully suitable for timber management. Occasional use of uneven-aged silvicultural systems may be warranted.
L - 6
Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices
The goal is to capture a large percentage of the potential yield. Cutting units are generally greater than 5 acres and less than 40 acres in size, averaging between 1 0-20 acres. Timber yields are chargeable towards the Allowable Sale Quantity (ASQ).
This timber management regime assumes a wide range of cultural and silvicultural treatments including: (1) precommercial thinning to maintain optimal growth rates; (2) brush control (release) to reduce competition; (3) appropriate intermediate harvest methods including commercial thinnings and sanitation salvage; (4) ap- propriate final harvest methods under a variety of even- aged silviculture including regeneration cutting systems such as clearcutting, green tree retention, and shelter- wood cutting and occasional uneven-aged systems such as selection cutting; (5) site preparation; (6) artificial reforestation by planting; and (7) the inclusion of genetic improvement and fertilization, as feasible.
Rotation length is relatively short, ranging from about 90 to 140 years and averaging about 100 to 110 years, depending on site, species, and management intensity.
Tractor or cable logging systems would normally be used, with occasional use of aerial systems. The ap- propriate transportation system would be constructed with arterial, collector, or local roads.
Modified Management
This management practice includes timber and silvicul- tural related activities which would be implemented primarily to meet other special resource management objectives, such as recreation, visual, wildlife, or water- shed objectives.
Timber is managed with the goal of yielding about 70-80 percent of the biological potential from suitable timber lands. Reduced yields are the result of extended rotations and/or less area harvested. Timber yields are chargeable towards the ASQ.
Silvicultural and cultural practices are similar to the in- tensive management practice and may include site preparation, reforestation, release, stocking control by thinning, sanitation/salvage cutting, and regeneration cutting. However, the intensity and scope of these treat- ments is often less than under the intensive management practice. Regeneration cutting is normally done by a mix of even-aged and uneven-aged systems.
Regeneration harvest units are usually smaller than in the intensive management practice, as little as less than 2 acres in size, but they may be as large as 5-25 acres. Harvest units are typically designed to meet the other resource objectives.
Rotation ages are normally longer than for the intensive management practice. Rotations lengths would vary, depending on the site, species, and resource objective, but would generally range from a minimum of 90 years to as much as 1 60 years or more; the average is about 1 25 years.
A variety of timber harvest methods may be used, depending on specific site and resource considerations. These methods include tractor/skidder, high-lead cable, skyline cable, and helicopter.
Roads would be constructed to facilitate the manage- ment of the timber resource, whenever possible, when compatible with other resource objectives.
Minimal Management
This management practice includes primarily individual tree harvest by salvage and high-risk sanitation for the removal of fire killed, insect infested, and dead trees, although other live trees may be cut in the process. This practice is often referred to as stand maintenance.
The primary purpose of this practice would be to protect or enhance other resource values. This practice is applied to lands which are suitable for timber management, but where other resource values or site conditions preclude normal timber activities. This practice is applied to visual retention and riparian areas, difficult to regenerate lands, and some low site lands that are sparsely stocked.
Regeneration harvests are not foreseen, and cultural activities would not normally be employed. Regeneration would normally be by natural seeding.
Timber yields would be minimal, normally about 20 percent of potential. Yields are chargeable towards the ASQ.
Tractor logging is most common, although cable and aerial systems may be used. Harvesting is generally done in areas that already have access, so road construction is usually unnecessary.
Uneven-Aged Management
This management practice includes the use of uneven- aged silvicultural systems to achieve resource objectives. There are two options available: single tree selection or group selection. Normally, group selection cutting methods would be used with stands typically ranging from about a tenth of an acre to two acres in size.
Linder the uneven-aged option, practices would be employed in special management situations where the
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Appendix L - Descriptions of Management Practices
land is suitable for timber management, but where it is more appropriately allocated to purposes which make it desirable to maintain a continuous forest cover over time. Three or more distinct size/age classes would be present in a stand at all times.
Cultural practices would normally include site prepara- tion for reforestation. Both artificial and natural regenera- tion methods would be employed. Timber stand improvement, including release and thinning, would be used as necessary.
Logging methods include primarily tractor, with oc- casional cable and aerial yarding. Roads would be con- structed as necessary to facilitate management.
Timber yields are chargeable towards the ASQ.
Uneven-aged management would most commonly be used on lands where modified timber management in- tensity is practiced, but it may also be used on land where intensive timber management is practiced.
Wilderness and Roadless Areas
Primitive Recreation
Includes practices which can be applied to existing Wilderness and/or other areas which are characterized by unmodified environments. Evidence of humans would be unnoticed by observers in the area. VRM activities include very low visual impact recreation facilities. These areas must have opportunities for solitude or primitive type recreation and be at least 5,000 acres in size to make practicable their preservation. Motorized travel is prohibited.
Wildlife
Hardwood Habitat Management
In nearly pure stands of hardwoods both even-age and uneven-age management would be used to maintain all age classes. Thinning would be implemented in oak stands to provide for fewer large trees that would be greater mast producers.
In managed stands, where conifers are the dominant species, single hardwoods or groups of hardwoods would be left.
Wildlife Habitat Management - Consump- tive Species
Black Bear
Management for black bear is aimed at providing a diverse array of vegetative types, serai stages, and special components (i.e. dead and down). An important element is the management of mature berry producing brush- fields. Within these habitats black bear must be free from human harassment. Prescribed fire, hardwood manage- ment, and control of human access can be required to manage black bear habitat.
Mule Deer
Optimum mule deer range is divided into 40 percent cover and 60 percent foraging area. Foraging areas are early successional stages of forest vegetative types, young brushfields, meadows, and riparian areas. Deer must be free of intense human harassment to fully utilize the habitat.
Direct treatments include prescribed fire, hardwood management, water development, and control of access. In timber management areas coordination of silvicultural practices and wildlife objectives would provide for the habitat needs of deer.
Non Consumptive Species
Management for non-game species is all encompassing. Non-game species would be provided for to some degree through management of endangered, sensitive, and har- vest species as well as hardwood resources. Manage- ment of these species, plus maintenance of overall plant diversity, would provide for healthy non-game popula- tions.
All commercial timber types and associated serai stages would be provided through coordination with timber management activities. Other timber/vegetation types would receive direct improvement such as thinning in hardwoods types and prescribed burning of brushfields. Water sources would be developed where they are lack- ing. Dead and down management would provide the habitat for many species.
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APPENDIX M
Fire Management Program
APPENDIX M Fire Management Program
This appendix describes the overall fire management program for the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. Included is a discussion about the following aspects of that pro- gram: (1) the National Fire Management Analysis System (NFMAS); (2) the Fire and Aviation Management Pro- gram; (3) the annual fuels treatment; ana (4) the an- ticipated annual acres burned by wildfire.
1. National Fire Management Analysis System (NFMAS). This analysis is carried out at the Nation- al Forest level for planning, budgeting, and ad- ministering the Forest fire protection program. Data developed from the analysis is aggregated for program planning, budgeting and evaluation at the Regional and National levels.
NFMAS uses a computer simulation model that systematically tests proposed fire organizations and dispatch strategies against wildfire-related conditions (i.e., fire occurrence patterns, weather, fuels, terrain, and access) that occur on the plan- ning unit. The NFMAS process is designed to be used for "marginal analysis", that is, to estimate the magnitude of the differences in the outputs that would occur as a result of changes of a known amount in one or more of the inputs.
The NFMAS data is used to provide an estimate of the consequences in changes in Regional and Na- tional fire program budgets, and to support the National fire program in the annual Forest Service budget request. It is also used to help guide the efficient allocation of constrained fire funds to Regions and Forests.
The program is used to help understand the prob- able effects of changes in the kind, location, and number of initial attack forces; changes in fuels conditions; changes in access; changes in fire oc- currence; and changes in dispatch strategies.
2. Fire and Aviation Management Program. This program, including fuels management, is predi- cated using the NFMAS process. The Forest-wide fire and aviation management organization for the Fiscal Year (FY) 1995 budget is as follows:
Forest Service Resources
25 prevention patrol units
1 0 engine crews, T ype 1 1 S
1 1 brush engine crews, Type IV
3 water tenders
8 fixed lookouts
1 5-person initial attack hand crew
2 transports with dozers
1 Type II helicopter with initial attack crew
7 5 person natural fuels hand crews
3. Annual Fuels Treatment There are two types of fuels treatment programs managed by the Fire Management program: (1) natural fuels hazard reduction, which is the treatment of naturally
enerated fuels to reduce fire hazard; and (2) tim- er generated activity fuels treatments, which is the treatment of fuels to reduce the increased fire hazard following timber harvesting practices. Treatments include prescribed burning as well as other fuel reduction practices (i.e., type conver- sions, crushing, biomass utilization, firewood collection, brush removal, etc.). The proposed fuel treatments are shown in Table M-1.
4. Wildfire Acreage Burned. The anticipated annual acreage burned by wildfire, by decade and inten- sity, is shown in Table M-2.
M-1
Appendix M - Fire Management Program
Table M-1
Annual Fuel Treatment by Benefiting Resource (acres)
Decade 1 Decade 2 Decade 3 Decade 4 Decade 5
Fire-related Fuel Treatment (Natural Fuel) 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000
Timber-related Fuel Treatment (Activity Fuel) 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400
TOTAL 8,400 8,900 9,400 9,900 10,400
Table M-2
Average Annual Acres Burned by Wildfire
Burned Acres Decade 1 Decade 2 Decade 3 Decade 4 Decade 5
Fire Intensity Class 1 55 55 55 55 55
Fire Intensity Class 2 154 154 154 154 154
Fire Intensity Class 3 330 330 330 330 330
Fire Intensity Class 4 451 451 451 451 451
Fire Intensity Class 5 4,686 4,686 4,686 4,686 4,686
Fire Intensity Class 6 5,324 5,324 5,324 5,324 5,324
TOTAL 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000
M-2
APPENDIX N
McCloud River Coordinated Resource
Management Plan
APPENDIX N
McCloud River Coordinated Resource Management Plan
The purpose of this plan is to define the organizational structure and establish guidelines to coordinate manage- ment activities with principle landowners in the McCloud River Drainage area and public agencies that administer programs in that area.
The McCloud River Coordinated Resource Management Plan (CRMP) is attached. The CRMP contains:
1. Part 1 - Introduction;
2. Part 2 - Memorandum of Understanding (MOU);
3. Part 3 - Assessment of the Existing Situation;
4. Part 4 - Membership and Functions of the Coor- dinating Group;
5. Part 5 - Plan Area Objectives and Allowable Prac- tices; and
6. Appendix - MOU, Statement of Intent.
N - 1
McCloud River Coordinated Resource Management Plan
Contents
Part 1 - Introduction
Part 2 - Memorandum of Understanding Part 3 - Assessment of Existing Situation
Part 4 - Membership and Functions of the Coordinating Group Part 5 - Plan Area Objectives and Allowable Practices Appendix
2
Part 1
Introduction
Introduction to the
Coordinated Resource Management Planning
in
McCloud River Drainage
I. Purpose
The purpose of this Plan is to define the organizational structure and establish guidelines to coordinate management activities with principle landowners in the McCloud River Drainage area and public agencies that administer programs in that
area.
II. Coordinated Planning
Coordinated planning is a process designed to achieve compatabality between the uses being made of natural resources in a specified area, such as fisheries, water- shed, wood products, and recreation. These resources are improved if necessary, where degraded, and perpetuated in a condition of high quality for future genera- tions. This approach uses the best efforts and knowledge of everyone involved; private landowners and involved Federal, State, and local agencies. A coordinated resource management plan (CRMP) sets the framework for activity planning with- ing the CRMP boundary. All major uses of the area are considered and coor- dinated to avoid unacceptable and unnecessary conflicts. This plan is a coor- dinated resource management program administrated by the principal owners and managers of the resources addressed in the McCloud River Coordinated Resour- ces Management Planning Area (hereafter "the CRMP area", See map, Appendix Item 1). It includes provisions for public input into the planning process.
St is essential that all members of the CRMP participate actively in the coordinated planning process. Where full-time agency and landowner participation does not or cannot take place, a review of the CRMP should be made with all landowners at in- tervals so that its goals and objectives may be reasonably assured of success and the results will be acceptable to all CRMP participants.
Each agency and group has its own program of activities for which priorities are es- tablished. Coordinated resource management and planning should be structured to dovetail with each agency's and landowner's activity schedule to the extent feasible. This requires reasonable flexability among the CRMP's participants in as- signing priorities.
4
III. Policy
The Memorandum of Understanding (M.O.U., See Part 2) establishes policy and general guidelines for coordinating planning, management, and educational ac- tivities for the McCloud River Drainage.
Its signatories agree to cooperate to the fullest degree possible in fostering coor- dinated resource management planning on land within the CRMP area boun- daries, recognizing that ownership patterns within the boundaries are complex.
All parties need not necessarily be involved in all planning decisions. It may be that for logical reasons, a particular project may involve only a small portion of the land within the CRMP boundaries. When this occurs, the signoratory parties who will cooperate on planning on such an area will vary depending upon the pattern of land ownership and administration within that area, the nature of the project, and the capacity of the project to affect lands within the CRMP boundaries outside the immediate project area. Other agencies and organizations will be involved as needed or appropriate, where required by and consistant with Federal, State, and local laws and ordinances.
IV. Authority
Authority for State and Federal agencies to participate in coordinated planning is contained in existing statutes or delegations of authority. Interagency coordinated resource management in California is defined in the Memorandum for Under- standing for Coordinated Resource Management Planning in California signed by all agencies participating in this Plan.
V. Plan Area Objectives
The signatories of the M.O.U. agree that the mission of the CRMP is to coordinate various land management activities:
5
A. To improve management of resources while promoting cooperation between agencies, groups, and individuals responsible for resource management and land use planning and implementation within the CRMP area boundaries.
B. To implement resource management plans to achieve compatible resource uses based on sound ecological relationships for logical managment areas such as subwatersheds.
C. To allow a sustained flow of wood, fiber, recreation use, and other services and benefits from such lands while at the same time protecting and enhancing the area's natural environmental qualities and fully recognizing and protecting the rights of private participants in their property.
The M.O.U. outlines general goals of the the CRMP pertinent to these overall ob- jectives. Part 5 of the Plan outlines more specific and measurable objectives. The Coordinating Group will develop follow-up schedules to monitor and evaluate im- plemented programs to measure the success of specific management practices. Recommendations by the Coordinating Group (discussed infra) will be developed to improve the coordinated program to meet these objectives or recommend changes in the targets associated with these objectives to assure that the CRMP remains functional.
VI. Organization
Representatives from all landowners, resource administering agencies, and other appropriate organizations described herein are invited to join the Coordinating Group (See Part 4). These representatives should have authority to make decisions for the agency or group they represent.
All representatives engaged in coordinated resource planning and management will present information about on-going and proposed resource and land use plan- ning activities of local concern to the Coordinating Group.
The CRMP will not be amended without a unanimous vote of all signatories there- to.
6
Part 2
Memorandum Of Understanding
♦
7
Memorandum Of Understanding Between Agencies and individuals Concerned with the McCloud River Drainage Coordinated Resource Management Planning Area
The signatories to this Memorandum recognize the need to coordinate land management activites between public agencies and private landowners, and to evaluate and discuss matters of mutual interest concerning the management and planning of resource activites in the McCloud CRMP Area.
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, The McCloud River CRMP Area, composed of privately owned lands and lands managed by the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, has been selected to be used for the planning and implementation of Coordinated resource management activities:
WHEREAS, Several agencies, which do not have management or ownership responsibilites, have statutorily mandated program responsibilities within the Mc- Cloud River Area: and
WHEREAS, The private landowners and all agencies with statutorily mandated land management (or program) responsibilites recognize the value of a cooperative ap- proach in the management of all natural resources in the McCloud River Area.
Now, therefore, we, the undersigned, for the McCloud River Coordinating Group, hereinafter called the Coordinating Group, establish the following principles, objec- tives, and goals:
8
1. Signatories may cooperate with one another in the performance of project work related to the McCloud River Area.
2. The Coordinating Group will be headed on a rotational basis by a member of the Coordinating Group. A representative of the Forest Service will chair the Coor- dinating Group for the first year of the CRMP, beginning on the effective date of the CRMP. Thereafter, the Chairmanship of the Coordinating Group shall rotate on an annual basis among the voting members of the Group according to an order mutually agreed upon. The Coordinating Group shall meet at least annually for the purpose of project evaluation and updating of plans.
3. The Coordinating Group shall, at its first meeting, establish its operating proceedures and policies, including but not limited to, such proceedures and policies as the frequency of meetings other than the annual meeting, election of officers, formation of committees, and the ordinary manner of conducting busi- ness.
4. Additional members are invited to join the Coordinating Group if they meet any of the following criteria:
a. They own or manage land in the McCloud River Area.
b. They have statutory responsibility for governmental programs that directly affect the McCloud River Area.
The mission of the Coordinating Group is to coordinate, between agencies and
landowner participants, the various land management activities in such a way so
as to achieve the following goals:
1. To maintain respect for the property rights of the participants.
2. To enhance and improve habitat for wildlife and fish by coordination with other resources and by specific habitat improvement projects.
3. To improve water quality for fisheries and other beneficial uses.
4. To improve and coordinate recreation resource opportunities and interpretation.
5. To maintain soil resources for beneficial uses.
6. To develop the timber resource to its reasonable attainable potential in harmony with other resources.
THEREFORE, St is mutually agreed that:
9
1. All parties will adopt and manage their lands according to the objectives and land management practices identified in Part 5.
2. Nothing herein shall be construed as obligating any signatory agency or individual to expend in any contract or other obligation for the future payment of money in excess of appropriations by law and administratively allocated for this work.
3. No member of, or Delegate to, Congress shall be admitted to any share or part of this agreement, or to any benefit that may arise therefrom; but this provision shall not be construed to extend to this agreement if made with a corporation for its general benefit.
4. No governmental agency which is a party hereto shall exercise the power of eminent domain over any private property within the CRMP boundaries. This provision shall not be construed to prohibit or discourage said agencies from entering into consensual agreements with private parties for the sale, lease, or other transfer of property, or for consensual exchanges of land by and among said agencies and private parties.
5. The private parties hereto may perform a habitat study and resource survey of the private lands within the CRMP boundaries for the purposes of enhancing the knowledge base necessary to thorough planning. Upon completion of said study, if undertaken, the data obtained shall be provided to the United States Forest Service for inclusion in its computer data base, which data base is currently limited to information regarding federal lands. If said study is undertaken, it shall be funded through the efforts of said parties and the Coordinating Group shall take the needs of the study into account when planning for significant changes in use of the areas under study during the course of the study. The United States Forest Service shall make the data base reasonably available to CRMP participants.
6. Entry into this agreement by the United States Forest Service is a demonstration of its determination that the CRMP is the preferred alternative to designation of the McCloud River under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act; provided, however, that the United States Forest Service reserves the right to pursue such designation if either:
(a) The CRMP is terminated or significantly impaired by withdrawal of CRMP participants under the provisions stated below; or
(b) The CRMP, after a period of good faith efforts at implementation, fails to protect the values which render the river suitable for such designation as measured by an objectively reasonable standard.
10
7. This agreement shall be effective upon execution by all parties hereto.
8. Any party may withdraw from this agreement by providing one year's written notice. Written notice may be given by mail or by any other means reasonable under the circumstances. Notice shall become effective when receive^ oy all parties or their representatives or seven days after transmitted, whichever is earlier.
9. The Record of Decision for the Shasta-Trinity Forest Land Management Plan will authorize participation in this CRMP by the Forest Service.
10. California-Trout, Inc. (Cal-Trout) shall be a signatory hereto and a member of the Coordinating Group as a voting, at-large member representing the following organizations: (1) the Audubon Society, (2) Friends of the River, (3) Citizens for Better Forestry, and (4) Sierra Club, Inc., Mother Lode Chapter, provided that at the time of signing by proposed CRMP members Cal-Trout evidences by written authorizations that it has the proxy to represent the above-named environmental organizations. Cal-Trout shall have one vote and one vote only based upon said written authorizations. If any of said four environmental organizations withdraws its written authorization for any reason, the remaining members of the Coordinat- ing Group shall determine by vote whether Cal-Trout, Inc. shall continue to have voting power or the rights of a signatory. Notwithstanding the outcome of such determination, it shall continue to be eligible to be a non-voting, at-large member.
TERMINATIONS:
This agreement shall continue in force until terminated by mutual agreement of the parties. Termination shall become effective one year after the date of decision to terminate. Withdrawal from the agreement of any party pursuant to the provision for withdrawal above shall not terminate this agreement as to those par- ties remaining.
AMENDMENTS:
This agreement shall not be amended without the unanimous consent of all sig- natories.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF^the parties hereto have executed this agreement as of the last date written below.
The following is a list of signatures. The original document with signatures is on file at the McCloud Ranger District.
11
Signed this day of
BoSlibokka Land Company Title:
Crane Mills Title:
Shasta-Trinity National Forest Title:
McCloud Fly Fishing Club Title:
Pacific Gas and Electric Title:
Sierra Pacific Industries Title:
State of California,
Department of Fish and Game Title
The Hearst Corporation
By:
The Nature Conservancy Title:
California-Trout, Inc.
Title:
By and on behalf of and Representative for the Audubon Society, Friends of the River, Citizens for Better Forestry, and the Sierra Club, Inc. (Mother Lode Chapter).
13
Part 3
Assessment Of Existing Situation
14
Assessment of Existing Situation
for the
McCloud River Coordinated Resource Management Plan
The purpose of this Assessment is to provide a generalized description of the exist- ing physical, biological, social, and political situation with respect to the McCloud River CRMP area; to identify ownerships, jurisductions, roles and responsibilities, and; to identify public issues, management concerns and opportunities for the Mc- Cloud River CRMP area.
I. Plan Area Description; Physical And Biological
A. Location of Plan Area
The McCloud River CRMP area is divided into two segments: the lower McCloud and upper McCloud areas. The CRMP area is essentially that area visible from the river, that is, ridgetop to ridgetop, and the like area visible from Squaw Valley Creek.
Lower McCloud: This segment covers the McCloud River and Squaw Valley Creek drainages from Shasta Lake north to Lake McCloud on the river and to Cabin Creek on Squaw Valley Creek. The east boundary extends up to approximately one mile on the east side of the river. The west boundary extends up to four miles from the river and Squaw Valley Creek (see map).
Upper McCloud: This segment generally encompasses the inter-gorge area of the river from Lake McCloud up stream to Aigoma Campground.
B. Climate
The McCloud River is situated in a Mediterranean climatic regime. It is typified by cool, moist winters and dry, warm summers. Average rainfall ranges from 80 in- ches per year in the canyon of the lower McCloud to 40 inches on the upper reaches of the river. Most of the precipitation falls as rain with occasional mid- winter snowfalls. Average summer temperatures cover a diurnal range of 45 to 90 deg. F. Average winter diurnal variation is 20 to 40 deg. F.
C. Soil and Geology
Lower McCloud: The Lower McCloud crosses a geologic province known as the eastern Paleozoic belt. It is characterized by a complex melange of metamorphic sedamentary and metamorphic volcanic rocks with frequent outcrops of the Mc-
15
Cloud limestone. Soils are typically moderately deep (20-40") with very gravelly surface soils and very cobbly or shaley subsoils. Deep, non-stony soils are found on river terraces. Erosion hazards are moderate.
Upper McCloud: The Upper segment of the McCloud river follows the interface be- tween the eastern Paleozic belt and the lava flows and outwash deposits as- sociated with Mt.Shasta. The south bank of the river abuts a sloping upland of metamorphic rock that is overlain by deposits of wind-laid volcanic ash. Typical soils are deep and non-stony with ashy surface textures. The north bank of the river is a level terrain of Shasta mudflows and lava flows. Typical soils range from shallow, stony soils on lava flows to deep, sandy deposits of mudflow landforms.
D. Hydrology
Lower McCloud: The eastern paleozoic belt is being uplifted by tectonic forces and consequently the drainage pattern is deeply incised with very steep canyons and sideslopes. Flows in the Sower McCloud are regulated by the dam to maintain a constant water level for the fishery. When the tributary flows are high, releases at the dam are reduced. Fish habitat is maintained but flushing flows have been all but eliminated. The lower McCloud's main tributaries are Hawkins Creek, Squaw Valley Creek, and Clairborne Creek.
Upper McCloud: The upper McCloud arises from the uplands near Colby Meadow and meanders westward as a small stream with high seasonal flucuations in-flows. The upper reaches of the river is intermittent in some years. The upper McCloud is subject to flooding during winter flows due to the "flashy" or Sow lag time charac- teristic of the tributaries that flow off the uplands to the south. There is essentially no tributary flow from the north. The stream gradient is nearly level except for the falls and cascades that occur where the river enters its narrow gorge. Just downstream from the falls of the McCloud is Big Springs which approximately doubles the river's flow. A mile or so below Big Springs, Mud Creek enters the McCloud river and dumps its heavy load of glacial silt. This natural source of sedi- ment has the largest effect on McCloud river water quaiilty.
E. Vegetation
There are broad ranges of vegetation types in both areas, and especially in the lower river/Squaw Valley drainages where types vary from the riparian vegetation along the streams to the chinquapin brush fields on the south and west facing slopes. Live oak and black oak stands are found throughout the area. Commercial species of Douglas-fir, white fir, ponderosa pine, incense cedar, and sugar pine are found in virgin and managed stands throughout the area.
The upper river area, except for inner-gorge from Lower Falls to Lake McCloud, has been logged extensively. The riparian vegetation is much the same as the
16
lower river except the upper river canyon is generally wider and the riparian zones more extensive and there are more meadows, especially above Upper Falls.
F. Wildlife and Fish
There is a variety of wildlife throughout these two areas including black bear, black tail and mule deer, bobcat, mountain lion, coyote, river otter, wolverine, grey squir- rel; upland game including blue grouse, mountain quail, turkey, and bandtail pigeon; several species of waterfowl, including wood duck, mergansers, widgeon, mallard and occasionally Canadian geese, and numerous species of birds of prey.
Fish species include rainbow, brook, and brown trout. Dolly Varden were once known to inhabit the river but none has been reported in several years. Redband trout could be present in some of the upper reaches of the upper river area.
H. Ecological, Economic, Social, and Cultural Considerations
A. Sensitive, Threatened, and Endangered Species
Unites States Forest Service surveys indicate that the northern spotted owl, goshawk, bald eagle, Shasta Salamander and wolverine inhabit some portions of the plan area. Information available to the Forest Service indicates that willow flycatcher exist in some portions of the upper river area and may exist in portions of the lower river as well.
B. Cultural Resources
Archaeological surveys have been conducted on the upper river from Lower Falls north through the planning area. Also, a portion of the lower McCloud from Ash Camp to Ah-Di-Na has been surveyed. Numerous pre-historic sites have been lo- cated and recorded. Most have to do with the McCloud River Wintun Tribe and their uses associated with the river and Squaw Valley Creek, and probably as- sociated with the salmon and steelhead runs up these streams.
Also, there are historic sites relating to early Forest Service fire practices, and early private fishing and hunting of the McCloud River, Squaw Valley Creek and
tributaries.
C. Visual Quality
Because of the inner-gorge nature of most of this area, it is not easly viewed from a distance, except from certain vantage points and from the air. Most of the scenic values must be enjoyed by people who use the area for hiking, fishing or using the streams. Long-term visual quality and visitor sensitivity must be con- sidered with all planned activities for the area.
17
D. Wildlife
Wildlife objectives should provide for protection of meadows and riparian habitat and maintain a diverse habitat for the wildlife species that use this area. There may be opportunities for habitat enhancement projects for fisheries and waterfowl.
E. Water
The McCloud River and its tributaries contribute significantly as a water source to Shasta Lake and, ultimately, for agricultural purposes in the Sacramento Valley. It is important that activities carried on in this CRMP area do not have significant ad- verse effects on water quantity or quality.
F. Range
There are no active range uses occurring inside the Lower McCloud portion of the CRMP area, and livestock use is probably incompatable with proposed uses inside the CRMP area. Livestock use appears to be inconsistant with the area's planning objectives. Livestock use has been a compatable use throughout the Upper Mc- Cloud portion of the CRMP area.
G. Vegetation
The major concern with vegetative management should be with the riparian zones along McCloud River and Squaw Valley Creek. In the upper river area, develop- ment should be designed to avoid adverse pubic impact on these sensitive zones. Timber and vegetation management activities within either upper or lower river areas should be planned and implemented with concern for the recreation, scenic, watershed, and wildlife values.
An introduced species (black locust) in the Ah-Di-Na/Nature Conservancy area is spreading throughout the immediate area and in the riparian areas downstream. The proliferation of this species is at the expense of the native species in the area.
H. Recreation
The general direction will be to emphasize high-density developed recreation in those public areas of the upper river area acquired from Champion International, and dispersed recreation with trail access on the lower river/Squaw Valley area. Development of public facilities on private lands will not be encouraged and the public agencies which are signatories hereto will not exercise the power of eminent domain to acquire such facilities, but may enter into consensual agree- ments to acquire Sand for such purposes.
18
I. Fuels Management
Objectives for fuels management should be to identify and bum by prescription those areas that need treatment for wildlife, recreation, watershed, and wildfire hazard reduction purposes.
HI. Plan Area Ownerships, Jurisdictions, Roles And Responsibilities
Coordinated resource planning offers a voice to all private landowners and in- volved public agencies in the planning and scheduling of management activities in the CRMP area. The value of a cooperative approach to the management of all natural resources in the McCloud River CRMP area is very high.
A. Public Agencies
7. USDA-Forest Service
The McCloud and Shasta Lake Ranger Districts, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, are responsible for the administration of about 33,288 acres within the CRMP Area.
Management direction on National Forest lands is presently guided by Dis- trict Multiple Use Plans and the Forest Timber Management Plan and EIS. Both plans emphasize multiple use management. The CRMP is intended to be an integral part of the Land Management Plan for the Shasta-Trsnity National Forest.
The Forest Service has responsibility for fire protection on National Forest Lands. A Mutual Aid Agreement with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) gives the Forest Service protection responsibility for all private lands in the CRMP area. This pertains to wildland fires. The Forest Service is not responsible for structural fire suppression.
2. California Department of Fish and Game (DF&G)
This state agency is responsible for management of *he fish and wildlife species in California. Issues that are likely to be of particular concern to DF&G within the CRMP area will be fishing regulations, wild trout and put- and-take fisheries, redband trout, Dolly Varden Trout, and the impacts of concentrated public use on these resources. Also of concern will be wildlife species such as deer, black bear, mountain lion, and the effects of land and resource management on any sensitive wildlife species in the CRMP area.
19
B. Private Landowners
Private landowners in the area include the Hearst Corporation, Nature Conservan- cy, McCloud River Fly Fishing Club, Bollibokka Land Co., Crane Mills, Sierra Pacific Industries, and Pacific Gas and Electric Company.
C. At-Large Members
The Coordinating Group shall include two "at-large" member seats for public inter- est organizations. One of the two at-large groups will be occupied by California- Trout, Snc. (Cal-Trout) as a representative of four environmental organizations: (1) the Audubon Society, (2) Friends of the River, (3) Citizens for Better Forestry, and (4) The Sierra Club, Inc., Mother Lode Chapter, upon the obtaining of written authorizations from each and all said groups pursuant to and subject to the provisions of the Memorandum of Understanding. This at-large seat will have voting power and the rights of a signatory for so long as Cal-Trout retains such authorization from all constituent groups. If any of said organizations withdraws its authorization for any reason, the remaining members of the Coordinating Group shall determine by vote whether Cal-Trout, Inc. shall continue to heave voting power or the rights of a signatory. Notwithstanding the outcome of such determination, it shall continue to be eligible to be a non-voting, at-large member.
20
Part 4
Membership and Function
of The
Coordinating Group
21
Coordinating Group for the
McCloud River Coordinating Resource Management Plan
L Members
A BoSSibokka Land Co.
B. Crane Mills
C U.S.D.A. Forest Service
D. McCloud River Fly Fishing Club
E. Pacific Gas and Electric
F. Sierra Pacific Industries
C. State of California Department of Fish and Game H. The Hearst Corporation
/. The Nature Conservancy
J. At-Large, Non-Voting Public Interest Member
K. At-Large, Voting Public Interest Member
Consistent with paragraph 4 of the Memorandum of Understanding, new mem- bers are invited to join the Coordinating Group If they meet the criteria set forth in
paragraph 4.
One At-large Public Interest Member Seat (paragraph LK. supra) will be occupied by California-Trout, Inc. (Cal-Trout) as a representative of the following organiza- tions: (1) the Audubon Society, (2) Friends of the River, (3) Citizens for Better Forestry, and (4) Sierra Club, Inc., Mother Lode Chapter, upon the obtaining of the written authorization from each and all said groups pursuant to and subject to the provisions of the Memorandum of Understanding. If, at any time and for any reason, Cal-Trout ceases to act as representative for said groups, the remaining members of the Coordinating Group shall determine by vote whether Cal-Trout, Inc. shall continue to have voting power or the rights of a signatory. Notwithstand- ing the outcome of such determination, it shall continue to be eligible to be a non- voting, at-Sarge member.
22
II. Function of the Coordinating Group
A. Establish guidelines and/or management direction that shapes Coordinated Resource Program.
B. Evaluate projects and monitor progress and accomplishments and assure that they are consistent with the objectives and allowable practices identified in part 5.
C. Make decisions and modify the CRMP as necessary.
D. Provide a focal point for consideration of public concerns.
E. Recognize and seize opportunities to guide Coordinated planning in the Plan area.
F. Establish procedures for operation of the Coordinating Group.
23
Part 5
Plan Area Objectives
and
Allowable Practices
24
Plan Area Objectives
The signatories to this plan recognize that the McCloud River Basin is one of those few remaining areas within the State of California with outstanding natural resource values. Fisheries, geology, scenery, cultural, and historic values are all considered outstandingly remarkable. In recognition of these values and the fact that the McCloud River at certain locations may be eligible for inclusion in the Na- tional Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the signatories hereto have joined together to effectuate protection of the river's pristine resources by utilizing a mechanism to protect its resources which is, in their opinion, more effective than Wild and Scenic designation, namely the Coordinated Resource Management Plan.
The intent of the CRMP is to coordinate large-scale resource planning. The Coor- dinating Group evaluates projects to be implemented according to the consensus of group members on long range goals, principles, and strategies. Agencies and private landowners cooperate in individual project planning and implementation.
The main objective of this process is to assure that projects are compatible with the objectives and allowable practices identified in this CRMP.
Consistant with the Memorandum of Understanding, this CRMP can be used as an acceptable alternative to Wild and Scenic River Designation for the Mc- Cloud River.
I. Objectives
The primary objective of the CRMP is to preserve the pristine quality of the river resources described herein.
The CRMP area includes significant recreation and visual resource values. Objec- tives for management are:
(a) maintenance of a predominately natural appearing area;
(b) provision for public use consistant with wildlife and watershed protection and the rights of private landowners.
The CRMP area includes significant vegetation resources. The objective for mange-
ment is:
(a) vegetation use consistent with watershed, viewshed and fisheries values protection.
25
Portions of the McCloud River have been designated by the Department of Fish and Game as wild trout waters under the California Wild Trout Program. The general fisheries management objectives of the Wild Trout Program are:
A. Maintenance of wild trout populations at levels necessary to provide satisfactory recreational angling opportunities.
B. Maintenance and enhancement; where appropriate, of the habitat required for optimum wild trout production.
C. Presentation of the natural character of the streamside environment.
These objectives are appropriate for land management practices adopted pursuant to this management plan since they relate to the central issues of the McCloud watershed, including recreation management, timber management, wildlife management, watershed protection, and fisheries management.
II. Management Practices
A. Logging and Road Construction
Minimize new road construction and locate new roads away from stream courses by designing mid-ridge and ridgeline roads. Locate roads across stream courses only in areas where water quality and fisheries impacts will be minimized. Avoid significant wetlands and wet meadoes wherever possible.
Except for necessary road crossings as noted above, no logging or road construc- tion will take place within riparian areas. These riparian management zones are defined as 50/100 feet from ephemeral and key intermittent streams, significant wet meadows, and marshes and 100/250 feet from perennial streams, lakes, and reservoirs depending on slope and stability.
In the remainder of the CRMP area, timber management activities will not be more intensive than prescription VI (Wildlife Management) of the proposed Shasta- Trinity Forest Plan. All parties to this plan will be consulted during the planning phases of both private and public timber sales.
B. McCloud-Pit Dam Operation
The operation of the McCloud-Pit Dam has direct influence on the McCloud River Basin. Any changes in the operation of the dam will be a subject for study by the CRMP coordinating group.
26
C. Recreation Development
Sanitation and support facilities may be developed between reservoir and Ah-Di- Na Campground.
Development of the upper McCloud will be according to the Upper McCloud River Management Plan.
On the lower river, existing, developed and dispersed recreation sites on public lands (Ah-Di-Na, Star City Creek and Ash Camp) will be maintained. Development of public use facilities on private lands will not be encouraged.
D. Road and Trail Access
Public access within the lower McCloud area will be primarily by trail. Forest Ser- vice will develop an overall trail system for the area. Current, existing, and planned trails on National Forest lands will be incorporated, including the Pacific Crest Trail, Tom Dow Trail, Tom Neal Trail, and the Squaw Valley Creek Trail. The Tom Dow Trail will be rerouted so that it does not cross privately owned property.
Roads necessary for administrative use, and those acceptable under logging prac- tices described earlier, will be allowed. Initially, additional road access for public use will not be made available.
The Forest Service will analyze the need for trailheads and road access within the area and will first present any proposals for additional public access to all involved landowners. Protection of resource values and respect for private property rights will be prime considerations when proposing any additional motorized access to the area.
E. River Use
The Forest Service may manage use of the river through a permit system. The United States Forest Service will determine whether commercial or noncommer- cial white water boating is an acceptable public use. The determination will be based upon appropriate studies to establish the suitability or nonsuitability of the McCloud River for such use. This provision shall not be construed to require the Service to conduct such studies in the absence of a specific application to permit such use.
Public use of hiking trails, recreational camping, and fishing will be encouraged consistent with types, levels and locations of use to be determined by the Coor-
27
dinating Group consistent with the principles herein and stated in the Memoran- dum of Understanding.
F. Fisheries
The Coordinating Group shall encourage reduced legal fishing limits on streams through public and private lands.
G. Wildlife Habitat Management
Management activities within identified Threatened, Endangered, or Sensitive species habitat will emphasize enhancement of habitat for target species. Con- sumptive harvests of game consistent with California Department of Fish and Game population objectives will be allowed. Nongame species habitat will be em- phasized throughout the area with special concern in riparian zones.
H. Wildfire and Fuels Management
Wildfires will continue to be suppressed at a level consistent with protecting high value resources found throughout the area. Prescribed fire will be an acceptable tool to reduce wildfire hazard and improve wildlife habitat where protection of aes- thetic values is assured.
Maintenance of existing helispots, trails, and roads will be encouraged to provide access for wildfire suppression.
I. Soil and Watershed Management
All management activities will recognize potential effects upon soil and water resources and attempt to minimize any significant adverse impact. Watersheds will be monitored on the subdrainage unit with any activity designed to remain below the "watershed threashold of concern".
J. Range management
Domestic livestock use of commercial dimensions will not be permitted throughout the Lower McCloud area. Use may be permitted within the Upper Mc- Cloud area but utilization will be managed to ensure consistency with wildlife forage needs. Range habitat and structural improvements will not be encouraged except where consistency with resource values can be ensured.
28
K. Private Management
No private management activity of an landowner will be required to be undertaken unless specifically set forth in the CRMP or subsequently agreed upon by a vote of the members as set forth herein.
No private management activity of a landowner consistent with the principles herein and in the Memorandum of Understanding will be prohibited by the CRMP unless such prohibition is specifically set forth in the agreement or is subsequently agreed to by a vote of the members as set forth herein.
29
Appendix
30
This page is for the map.
31
Appendix
Memorandum Of Understanding Statement of Intent Regarding the McCloud River Coordinated Resource Management Plan
Purpose
This Statement of Intent identifies the agreed upon responsibilities of the sig- natories to pursue and complete a Coordinated Resource Management Plan (CRMP). The purpose of the CRMP is to establish guidelines for management ac- tivites in both federal and private lands within the McCloud River drainage. Any CRMP which is ultimately accepted pursuant to this agreement is intended as an acceptable option to Wild and Scenic designation for the McCloud River. The CRMP to be devleoped pursuant to this agreement is not intended by the sig- natories hereto to be a Management Plan for implementation of any Wild and Scenic legislation. Subject lands are shown on the map attached hereto and labeled Exhibit A. The United States, through the USDA, Forest Service, hereinafter known as "Forest Service"; Bollibokka Land Company; Crane Mills; Mc- Cloud River Co-Tenants; Pacific Gas and Electric Company; Sierra Pacific In- dustries; State of California, Department of Fish and Game; The FHearst Corpora- tion; and The Nature Conservancy, agree to expeditious action to prepare the CRMP. The private parties listed above will hereinafter be known as "Landowners".
Agreement;
A. Landowners and the Forest Service will jointly prepare a CRMP in accordance with the purpose as set forth above. Other groups or agencies, not listed as signatories of this agreement, may be consulted in the preparation of this document, and shall be listed as contributors in the CRMP.
B. Forest Service will participate in the CRMP preparation and, prepare all necessary documents required by law to enable the Forest Service to participate in the CRMP. The Forest Service will comply with the NEPA process prior to the adoption of CRMP management direction. Conformance with NEPA may be satisfied by:
1) Incorporation of CRMP management direction into the Final Land Management Plan; or
2) Development of separate decision documents that are compatible with the Final Land Management Plan.
32
Principals
For the purpose of expeditious completion of this CRMP, the principal repre- sentatives of the signatories are:
Bollibokka Land Company Leighton Hills, Vice President 16 Miller Avenue, Suite 202 Mill Valley, CA 94941
Crane Mills Robert Crane P.O. Box 318 Corning, CA 96021
Forest Service
Robert R. Tyrrel, Forest Supervisor Shasta-Trinity National Forests 2400 Washington Avenue Redding, CA 96001
McCloud River Co-Tenants Walter H. Leimert, Jr.
606 North Larchmont Blvd., Suite 302 Los Angeles, CA 90004-1395
Pacific Gas and Electric John Sandhofner, Hydro-Supervisor Star Route 1,Box 50 Burney, CA 96013
Sierra Pacific Industries Thomas Nelson P.O. Box 496014 Redding, CA 96049-6014
State of California
Benky Curtis, Regional Manager
Region One
6012 Locust Street
Redding, CA 96001
The Hearst Corporation AmoryJ. Cooke, Vice President The Hearst Corporation Sunical Division 200 Hearst Building 5 Third Street San Francisco, CA 94103
The Nature Conservancy George Stroud P.O. Box 409 McCloud, CA 96057
33
Terminations:
This agreement shall continue in force until terminated by mutual agreement or by 90 days written notice to the other signatories.
Signed this 20th day of September, 1990.
Bollibokka Land Company Title:
Crane Mills Title
Forest Service Title:
McCloud River Co-Tenants Title:
Pacific Gas and Electric Title:
Sierra Pacific Industries Title:
State of California,
Deptartment of Fish and Game Title:
The Flearst Corporation Title:
The Nature Conservancy Title:
34
APPENDIX O
Soil Quality Standards
APPENDIX O Soil Quality Standards
Soil Quality Standards
Soil quality standards provide threshold values to identify when changes in soil properties or conditions become detrimental. This condition results in significant change or impairment in the productive capacity, hydrologic function or environmental health of the soil.
Areas of detrimental soil disturbance that affect soil productivity, should not be of a size or extent that would result in a significant change in production potential for the activity area. The size or extent of detrimental soil disturbance that is allowable and which affects hydrologic function is determined by the Region 5 Cumulative Watershed Effects Analysis (Chapter 20, R-5 Forest Service Handbook [FSH] 2509.22).
Use the following threshold values to identify detrimental soil disturbance for an activity area: Soil Productivity, Soil Hydrologic Function, and Soil Environmental Health.
Soil Productivity
Soil cover for erosion protection is sufficient to prevent the rate of accelerated soil erosion from exceeding the rate of soil formation.
The kind, amount and distribution of soil cover necessary to avoid detrimental accelerated soil erosion is guided by the Region 5 Erosion Hazard Rating system (Chapter 50, R-5 FSH 2509.22) and locally adapted standard erosion models and measurements.
For highly erodible soils (soils developed from granitic parent material), ground cover should be in excess of 90 percent and evenly distributed. Skid roads, trails, tem- porary roads, and landings would be tilled to the depth of 1 8 inches or more, straw mulched or re-spread slash, and planted.
Soil porosity is at least 90 percent of the total porosity found under undisturbed or natural conditions. Porosity is evaluated between 4 and 8 inches below the surface for soils with tree and shrub potential, and between 0 and 4 inches for soils with herbaceous potential.
Organic matter is present in sufficient amounts to prevent significant short or long-term nutrient cycle deficits, and to help avoid adverse physical soil charac- teristics.
The kinds and amounts of organic matter are guided below and by local analyses.
Soil organic matter in the upper 1 2 inches of soil is at least 85 percent of the total soil organic matter found under undisturbed conditions for the same or similar soils.
Surface organic matter is present in the following forms and amounts:
Litter and duff occurs over at least 50 percent of the activity area. Determine minimum organic layer thickness locally and base it on an amount sufficient to persist through winter season storms and summer season oxidation.
Use the presence of living vegetation that could con- tribute significant annual litter fall to compensate for conditions when immediate post-disturbance litter and duff coverage is too thin or less than 50 percent.
If the soil and potential natural plant community are not capable of producing cover over 50 percent of the area, adjust minimum amounts to reflect potential soil and vegetation capability.
Large woody material , when occurring in forested areas, is at least 5 logs per acre in contact with the soil surface. Desired logs are about 20 inches in diameter, about 10 feet long and represent the range of decomposition classes defined in exhibit 2, section 2.41. Attempt to protect logs in decomposition classes 3 through 5 from burning and mechanical disturbance. Do not count stumps as large woody material. Large woody material requirements may be waived in strategic fuel break areas.
Soil Moisture Regime is protected where productivity or potential natural plant community are dependent upon specific soil drainage classes.
Soil Hydrologic Function
Infiltration and permeability are not reduced to ratings of 6 or 8 as defined in Region 5 Erosion Hazard Rating System (Chapter 50, R-5 FSH 2509.22).
0-1
Appendix 0 - Soil Quality Standards
Soil Environmental Health
Soil reaction class, buffering or exchange capacities, or biological populations are not altered to the degree that significantly affects soil productivity, soil hydrologic func- tion, or the health of humans and animals.
Definitions
Litter and duff are the organic layers on top of mineral soil consisting of fallen vegetative matter in various stages of decomposition. Specifically referred to as O horizons in soil descriptions (Qi, Qe and Qa horizons). Litter includes woody material up to 3 inches in diameter.
Soil environmental health is the inherent capacity of a soil to absorb, filter or degrade added chemicals, heavy metals or organic compounds.
Soil hydrologic function is the inherent capacity of a soil to intake, retain and transmit water.
Soil organic matter is the organic fraction of soil. In- cludes plant, animal and microbial residues, fresh and at all stages of decomposition, and the relatively resistant soil humus.
Tillage is the mechanical treatment of compacted or puddled soils to restore desirable porosity. Tillage is accomplished with implements such as winged sub- soilers, forest cultivators and disks. Ripping with toolbar mounted rock rippers is not considered tillage.
Activity area is that area of land to which soil productivity soil quality standards are applied. It is that area within a management area where soil disturbing activities take place. It is of a practical size for management, sampling and evaluation. Activity areas include timber harvest units within a sale area, burn areas within a prescribed burn, and grazing areas within an allotment. System roads and trails and other dedicated areas are not con- sidered activity areas.
0-2
APPENDIX P Sensitive and Endemic Plant List
APPENDIX P
Sensitive and Endemic Plant List
Appendix P consists of Table P-t which shows the "Sensitive and Endemic Plant List for 1993" for the Shasta-Trinity National Forests. This table includes:
• Sensitive plants known to occur on the Forests;
• Sensitive plants suspected to occur on the Forests; and
• Plants endemic to the Forests (in addition to en- demic sensitive species).
NOTE: Refer to Appendix C in the Draft EIS for a discus- sion of the botany program.
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Table P-1 (continued)
Scientific Name Range on Shasta-Trinity Elevation Habitat
Common Name Districts Mgt. Areas (in feet)
Rorippa columbiae** McCloud 2 500-4500? Seasonal lakebeds and drainages east of the
Columbia cress Cascades.
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APPENDIX Q
Wilderness Opportunity Class
Descriptions
APPENDIX Q
Wilderness Opportunity Class
Descriptions
Pristine Opportunity Class
1. Resource Setting
The Pristine Opportunity Class is characterized by an unmodified natural environment. Ecological and natural processes are not measurably affected by the actions of wilderness users. Environmental impacts are minimal and usually restricted to temporary loss of vegetation where camping occurs. These areas typical- ly recover on an annual basis; impacts are not apparent to most visitors.
2. Social Setting
This area provides an outstanding opportunity for isola- tion and solitude free from evidence of human ac- tivities. Encounters with other users are very infrequent and non-existent at campsites. The user has excellent opportunities to travel cross country using a maximum degree of outdoor skills. This environment often offers opportunities for a very high degree of challenge, self- reliance, discovery, and risk.
3. Managerial Setting
Management strongly emphasizes sustaining and en- hancing natural ecosystems. Direct on-site manage- ment of visitors seldom occurs. Necessary rules and regulations would be conveyed to visitors outside the area, usually at wilderness portals. Visitor contact by Wilderness Rangers would primarily be in reaction to unacceptable impacts. Infrequent patrols and monitor- ing of conditions would be conducted only as neces- sary to achieve management objectives. Trails would normally be absent or in an abandoned condition. No new administrative structures would be provided or permitted.
Primitive Opportunity Class
1. Resource Setting
The Primitive Opportunity Class is characterized by an essentially unmodified natural environment. User ac- tions minimally affect the ecological and natural processes and conditions. Environmental impacts are low and restricted to minor losses of vegetation where camping occurs and along most travel routes. Most
impacts recover on an annual basis and are apparent to a low number of visitors.
2. Social Setting
A high probability exists for experiencing isolation from the sights and sounds of humans. The probability of encountering other users is low along trails and at campsites. The user has good opportunities for ex- periencing independence, closeness to nature, and tranquility through the application of primitive recrea- tion skills. This environment offers opportunities for a high degree of challenge, discovery, and risk.
3. Managerial Setting
Management would emphasize sustaining and en- hancing natural ecosystems. Direct on-site manage- ment would involve minimum visitor contacts. Necessary rules and regulations would be communi- cated to visitors outside of the area, usually at wilder- ness portals. Visitor contact by Wilderness Rangers would be mostly reactive and by invitation. Infrequent patrols and monitoring of conditions would be con- ducted only as necessary to achieve management ob- jectives. Trails would be managed for light, infrequent, and difficult travel conditions. Pack stock would not normally be accommodated. Trail signs would provide only the minimum information necessary. Administra- tive structures would be provided or permitted only in a few extreme cases.
Semi-primitive Opportunity Class
1. Resource Setting
The Semi-primitive Opportunity Class is characterized by an essentially unmodified natural environment. In a few areas natural processes may be moderately af- fected by user actions, such as the grazing of domestic livestock. Environmental impacts are moderate, with travel routes and campsites showing losses of vegeta- tion. Most impacts persist from year to year and are apparent to a moderate number of visitors.
2. Social Setting
the sights and sounds of humans would be found.
Q - 1
Appendix Q - Wilderness Opportunity Class Descriptions
The probability of encountering other users is moderately frequent along trails and at campsites. The user has some opportunities for experiencing inde- pendence, closeness to nature, and tranquility through the application of primitive recreation skills. This en- vironment offers some opportunities for challenge, dis- covery, and risk.
3. Managerial Setting
Management would emphasize sustaining and en- hancing natural ecosystems. Direct on-site manage- ment tactics may be used. Necessary rules and regulations would be communicated to visitors inside and outside of the area. Routine visitor contacts would be made by Wilderness Rangers. Frequent patrols and monitoring of conditions would be conducted as neces- sary to achieve management objectives. Trails would be managed for moderate levels for the majority of the use season and high use during short-term periods (such as National holidays). Pack stock would also be accommodated. Trail signs would provide the mini- mum information necessary. Administrative structures would be provided or permitted only in a few cases.
Transition Opportunity Class
1. Resource Setting
The Transition Opportunity Class is characterized by a predominantly unmodified natural environment. Natural conditions in many areas may be substantially affected by the actions of users. Environmental impacts
are relatively high at entry points, along travel routes, and at campsites. Most impacts, such as vegetation loss and soil compaction, persist from year to year and are apparent to most visitors.
2. Social Setting
Moderate to low opportunities for experiencing isola- tion from the sights and sounds of humans would be found. The probability of encountering other users is moderate to high along trails and at campsites. The user has some opportunities for interacting with the natural environment. This environment offers few oppor- tunities for challenge and risk.
3. Managerial Setting
Management would sustain and enhance natural ecosystems to the extent feasible given relatively high levels of recreational use. Direct on-site management tactics would be used. Necessary rules and regulations would be communicated to visitors inside ana outside of the area. Routine and frequent visitor contacts would be made by Wilderness Rangers. Frequent patrols and monitoring of conditions would be conducted as neces- sary to achieve management objectives. Trails would be managed for moderate to high levels for the majority of the use season. Pack stock would be safely accom- modated. Trail signs would provide information to en- courage and disperse use. Administrative structures would be provided or permitted only in a few cases.
Q - 2
Appendix Q - Wilderness Opportunity Class Descriptions
|
Wilderness Opportunity Class Description |
||||
|
Setting |
Pristine |
Primitive |
Semi-primitive |
Transition |
|
Physical |
Unmodified natural environment |
Unmodified natural environment |
Unmodified natural environment |
Predominantly unmodified natural environment |
|
Social |
No contact with other users No evidence of use |
Minimum contact with other users Minimum evidence of use |
Low to moderate contact with other users Moderate evidence of use |
Highest contact with other users Greatest evidence of use |
|
Management Action |
Virtually no management presence |
Minimal management presence |
Low management presence |
Moderate management presence |
|
Wilderness Opportunity Class LAC* Indicators |
||||
|
Indicators |
Pristine |
Primitive |
Semi-primitive |
Transition |
|
Physical |
0 camps/640 acres |
1 camp/640 acres |
3 camps/640 acres |
6 camps/640 acres |
|
No permanent campsites |
No highly or moderately impacted camps/640 acres |
No highly impacted, maximum 2 moderately impacted camps/640 acres |
Maximum 1 highly and 3 moderately impacted camps/ 640 acres |
|
|
No user-created trails |
No user-created trails |
No more than 1 discernible user- created trail/640 acres |
No more than 2 discernible user- created trails/640 acres |
|
|
Social |
0 encounters/day |
1 encounter/day |
4 encounters/day |
Encounters not regulated |
|
0 camps within sight |
0 camps within sight |
1 camp within sight |
Camps within sight not regulated |
|
|
* Limits of acceptable change (LAC) |
Q - 3
Klamath Province National Forest Land
State of California
Approximate Scale 1:700.000
1993
Legend
□
Reserved Area
National Forest Land administratively and legislatively removed trom timber management In both the May 1993 preferred alternatives and the President's plan
[SI
m
□
Reserved Area additions In the President s plan
Reserved Area In the May 1993 preferred alternatives not reserved In the President's plan
Adaptive Management Area
Sources: i May 1993 Preferred Alternatives from Draft Land and Resource Management Plans for Klamath. Six Rivers. Mendocino, and Shasta-Trlnlty National Forests.
2. Draft SEIS and FEMAT report, July 1993.
State Boundary Forest Boundary
Reserved Lands Boundary
County Boundary -0- Roads
USDA Forest Service
Map Base BUM State Map, 1988 Original Sealo. 1,750.000 Stale Land Status Provided by the CDF. 1990
£
5-
SHASTA NATIONAL FOREST 1 ;
PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE (PRF)
SHASTA NATIONAL FOREST
CALIFORNIA
MT DIABLO MERIDIAN
XI
MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS*
SHASTA-TRINITY NATIONAL FORESTS
fl UNROADED NON-MOTORIZED RECREATION II LIMITED ROADEO MOTORIZED RECREATION if ROADED RECREATION Q ROADED, HIGH DENSITY RECREATION WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT VI WILDLIFE HABITAT MANAGEMENT
SHASTA NATIONAL FOREST
CALIFORNIA MT DIABLO MERIDIAN
DENVER. CO Kn?:
■ SPECIAL AREA MANAGEMENT Special Interest Areas Research Natural Areas UlTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
|
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SHASTA-TRINITY NATIONAL FORESTS
RECREATION OPPORTUNITY SPECTRUM CLASSIFICATIONS*
SHASTA NATIONAL FOREST
CALIFORNIA
MT DIABLO MERIDIAN
CENTER
tir
SHASTA NATIONAL FOREST
CALIFORNIA MT. DIABLO MERIDIAN
I
SHASTA-TRINITY NATIONAL FORESTS
OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE (OHV) MANAGEMENT PLAN
SHASTA'
MT. SHASTA WIU
IT. EUOVipRTHER PLANNING AREA
castle cm
is wilderness;
ALPS WILDERNESS
BONANZA ltlNG
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KETTLE MOUNTAIN
SHASTA NATIONAL FOREST
CALIFORNIA MT DIABIX) MERIDIAN
FURTHER PLANNING AREA
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