^ Mo L

A monthly publication since 1969.

ISSN 0747-6078

1701 Hyland St.

Bayside, CA 95524

Tanzania: Shelling on Dar es
Salaam’s Offshore Reefs

Lewis R. Macfarlane, Deputy Chief of Mission.
U.S. Embassy KATHMANDU, U.S. Department of State,
Washington, DC 20520

The United Republic of Tanzania, off the
beaten path and wracked with economic
problems, is nonetheless a rewarding
destination for the resourceful traveler.
Besides the better known attractions —
hospitable people, a rich and varied historical
and cultural tradition, some of the world’s
greatest game parks and reserves, Mt.
Kilimajaro, Zanzibar, Ngorongoro Crater —
it is also prime territory for divers,
snorkelers, and shellcrs. In the immediate
vicinity of Dar es Salaam, the capital, there
are inviting sand beaches, islands, and patch
and fringing reefs. What follows is an
account of a few hours off Bongoyo Island,
just north of Dar es Salaam ....

0855 - Off from the Dar Yacht Club, on the
good ship Five Cent Cigar (as in "What this
country needs is a Good ....") This is, in fact,
a modest inflatable with an Evinrude 15. In
the excellent company of Mike Gould, USIS’s
head man hear, I head off toward Bongoyo, a
few miles to the north.

0920 - Arrive at Bongoyo. Water is flat
and clear, but we still sneak up on the reef
carefully. Check equipment, the minimum
in 85 degree water: prescription mask,
snorkel, mesh collecting bag, fins and, after a
moment’s hesitation, no T-shirt (a decision to
be questioned the next day).

0923 - No time to waste. Into the water,
check the anchor, and into the shelling area,
which means clearing the 20-30 foot "deeps"
off the reef, moving through the fringe
staghorn, soft and broken coral, a rainbow of
fish, and into the lagoon.

0926 - Exchange of salutes with a couple of
timid but bad customers — a stonefish,
atypically stretched out on the sand, and a
moray eel, guarding what looks like a
common Conus leopardus under a chunk of
brain coral. These waters are incredibly
benign if you keep your hands in view and
your feet off the bottom. The only real
killer is the stonefish and, like most of his
less lethal colleagues, he’s not looking for a
fight — quite the contrary.

July, 1985 — Vol. 17, No. 7
$2.50

0931 - A little close exploring in a sandy
bay flanked by low coral walls. Turning
over loose coral slabs and fanning the sand (a
surprisingly little-used and vastly rewarding
enterprise) turns up the following; two Conus
arenatus, one mature, one small and delicate,
both with a slight greenish cast which will
come off with cleaning; Conus tessalatus, with
vivid orange dashes on white, and a purple
tip; and a perfect orange and white Terebra
guttata, cruising along an inch or two below
the sand but betrayed by a faint trail.

0935 - Heading over a coral shelf, some
promising-looking chunks conceal a pair of
beautiful Conus nussatella and a dead but
prime condition Conus generalis. A few
yards over, almost concealed by algae and
other growths on the back, but betrayed by
the shape (for those who have been looking
for a while) a small, perfect Lambis crocata.
This species often has one or more of its seven
spines broken off, but not this specimen.
Into the bag.

0950 - Time for a change of pace — to the
less colorful coral slabs near the tideline.
Cowry country. A few minutes’ search turns
up C. annulus, carneola, helvola, Isabella, lynx
and erosa. This is not a heavily shelled area
by Sanibel standards, but these are already
well represented in the collection, so back
they go. Today’s tide is particularly good
for shelling/snorkelling, a minus -.3 (meaning
three tenths of a meter below mean low) in
this part of the world where the range is
about 13-1/2 feet. One of todays’s bonuses is
particularly good access to that soft white
coral which is the habitat of Procalpurnus
lactea, locally known as the small egg cowry.
Sure enough, there’s a whole family out today
on one yard-wide, spongy coral head, grazing,
covered by smooth gray-black mantles. I
take one and leave the rest. A few minutes
later, Procalpurnus' larger relative — Ovula
ovum, with a gold-flecked, jet-black mantle in
contrast to the pure white shell underneath,
grazing on some greenish soft coral. With
several in the collection, I go on by.

1010 - Parts of the inner reef area are a mix
of eelgrass and broken coral/shells, yet
another sub-habitat with its own population.
This one is a favorite hangout for octopus
(hint: dig around their holes in the sand;
today’s search turned up an impeccably
cleaned but still perfect Conus stratus:
Cypraea tigris, not as common here as it used
to be; bubble shells {Bulla ampulla), ubiquit-
ous, strictly brown-and-white but handsome.
These usually turn up dead but sometimes one
encounters colonies of live ones, usually
gobbling up something else.) Another find is
Strombus lentiginosus L. — no rarity here, but
with beautiful butterscotch-colored aperture,
soulful eyes, a snappy foot action. If the
eyes don’t convince you to throw him back,
the backward flip may have the same effect
anyway.

1024 - Back to the boat for a quick beer.
On the way, my eye is caught by some
promising-looking slabs in deeper water just
off the reef. One of these turns up little of
interest. But the other, after some tugging,
flushes out not only a moray (who takes off
for a neighboring hideout) and also three
distinct finds; Conus vexillum, a striped
brown-orange beauty with white patches; a
Lambis scorpius\ and — bingo! — a Cypraea
scurra Gmelin. This specimen is less
cylindrical than most, fat with a subtle gray-
blue dorsal network of color. Time for that
beer.

Shells and Sea Life, 16(7):193

1048 - Back into the lagoon, in another direction, heading into
large coral heads surrounded by sandy avenues. Hovering under
one head is a family of lionfish, tipped with white and cream-
colored poisonous fronds. They, obviously, want no part of me,
and edge further under the coral. Right below me, at the edge of
the coral head, is a promising-looking sandy well with telltale shell
fragments. Yield: a medium sized Conus varius and, even better, a
handsome Conus terebra: uncommon in these parts — symmetrical,
heavily grooved, dull under a thick periostracum but due to clean
up to beautiful pastel browns, yellows, and whites.

1103 - Local fishtraps are another special hunting ground. These
are large hexagonal affairs, woven from bamboo strips, with a
triangular notch on one side and, usually, a few confused looking
fish inside. A check of a trap usually turns up nothing but you
have to play the odds, and today they’re in my favor — a small
Cypraea clandestina. They like weedy, muddy environments and
this one, wrapped in a smooth black mantle, is (was) crawling along
underneath the bamboo.

1123 - Along comes an nealawa . a local outrigger fishing boat.
Local fishermen often spend some of their time, at low tides,
looking for shells (to clean up and sell to tourists) or octopus (for
home consumption). They seem to have a special knack for
turning up some of the bigger cones and, especially, the Bull Mouth
Helmet which frequents these waters (Cypreacassis rufa). Today,
their minds are on fish, and, after an exchange of greetings in
Swahili, they head on out to the Zanzibar Channel.

1135 - The sun is beginning to take its toll, as are the small
stinging jellyfish in the water and, Saturday, or not, there is work
to be done back ashore. We agree on another fifteen minutes,
which I spend in the shallow areas near the reef edge. The tide is
coming in and some of the deeper areas are now harder to work.
This area, although less attractive due to wave action and, I hate to
say, some recent dynamiting, is still a rich shelling area. The day’s
last circuit produces the following: a small characteristically dull
but perfect Harpa amouretta, buried just under the sand; two
different specie of drupe shells, rupa lobata and grossularia, hesLyily
encrusted on back but with shining brown-black and golden
apertures, respectively; a nice specimen of Terebra crenulata;
fragments of what had been a perfect C. argus (and looked as
though it still might be, until I pulled it from the sand), and a
poorly-camouflaged Lambis chiraga.

1150 - Back in the boat and off to Dar. The wind is kicking up
and we’ll have a shower or two before we get back, this being
coastal Tanzania’s rainy season. No shelling, probably, next
weekend, since the good spring lows always fall in the late morning
on a rough two week cycle. But the weekend after that ....

♦ ♦ ♦ * *

Editorial Staff

Managing Editor Steven J. Long

Assistant Editor Sally Bennett

Contributing Editor Hans Bertsch

Photographic Editor David K.Mulliner

Contributing Editor Tom Rice

Editorial Review Board

R. Tucker Abbott David W. Behrens
Hans Bertsch Kerry B. Clark

Walter O. Cemohorsky Malcolm Edmunds
Eugene V. Coan Terrence Gosliner

Michael T. Ghiselin James R. Lance

George L. Kennedy T.E. Thompson

William G. Lyons

SHELLS and SEA LIFE wjis formerly known
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SHELLS and SEA LIFE ISSN 0747-6078 is
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Steven J. Long <fe Sally Bennett, 1701
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@ Copyright Steven J. Long Si Sally Bennett 1985

Shells and Sea Life, 16(7):194

EDITOR’S NOTES

This July issue is coming about one week after the June issue and
we hope to keep up this pace until we get back on schedule. Please
bear with us while we find out what works well and what doesn’t
relating to format, typestyle and print size.

We will be including several of the larger lists and works in the
next two or three issues until we are on calendar schedule. As soon
as that schedule is current we will be resuming the current events
and other news.

June was the month for the Conchologists of Anierica convention
in Philadelphia. We have not seen much in the way of photographs
from the meetings this year since we were in the process of moving
from Phoenix, Arizona to Bayside, California. If you have
photographs of the meetings, people, and events, please send them to
us. We will pick out a selection and print them in an upcoming
issue. All photos will be returned. Please identify your
photographs with your return address on the back and any
information you have on the participants.

We spent the entire month of July packing, moving, and
unpacking some 40,000 pounds of household goods, books and shells.
One of the very first nice things was meeting one of our
subscribers, Louise Watson, who lives on our street, a block away!
Shortly after that we found Ruth Greenberg (Tidepool Gallery,
Malibu) and Virginia and Jim Waters.

We miss our friends from the Southwestern Malacological Society
in Phoenix but we are finding many new friends here in Humboldt
County. It is really a joy to be able to look out our windows and
see the ocean and the tall trees at the same time. We hope that all
of you will find time to stop and see us when you are in the area.

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PUBLICATIONS

BURGESS’

COWRIES

OF THE WORLD

304 PAGES IN FUEL COLOUR. HARDCOVER

The cowrie animal and its
habits, as well as the shells,
is the subject of this book by
the author of The Living
Cowries, C.M. Burgess. Over
200 are discussed — species,
distribution and synonymy —
all are illustrated in full colour
of which over 150 show the
living animal. In addition,
there are 18 plates showing
significant variations within
a species, two plates showing
species described since 1970,
and schematic drawings of
conchological and anatomical
characters of the cowries.

READER FORUM

American Malacological Union "Common Names List" for. North
American Mollusks. I just got back from three weeks collecting
along the North Gulf of Alaska. Got lots of mollusks, but not
much I had not collected before. Did get some of the undescribed
species of Cocculina from about 120 meters in Port Dick on the
outer coast of the Kenai Peninsula. This is a range extension of
about 550 km and a depth distribution from 120 to 465 m.

Here is a better copy of my comments on the mollusk list as per
request by Dr. Turgeon. You are welcome to edit my comments
any way that you see fit. As I said, I do not have access to all the
literature so many of my comments may be in error.

I have added a number of species to the list that are generally
collected only in very deep waters further south. Collecting in
Alaska has greatly increased during the past 16 years from
dredging, trawling and from stomach contents of 16 commercially
important fishes. As a result quite a few species that had been
taken commonly in waters less than 200 meters deep in Alaska.

There are a lot of areas deeper than 200 meters in the inside
waters of Alaska, especially Prince William Sound and Southeastern
Alaska, so I have also included mollusks from these areas. My
listing of the mollusks of Alaska includes only those found inside
of the Fishery Conservation Zone. This zone extends 320
kilometers off shore.

ORIONIDOE

Ebesbysaon boreale Pilsbry, 1346

ProDhysaori ; Pilsbry described tnis soecies as "new species"
on page 690 of Land Mollusca of North America, V 0 I..I. 1 :, Part
£, isBijed March 19, 1948

SUCCINIDfiE

iyEEinea ItCiSata out o’f alphabetically order',

HELICARIONIDPE

@yBE^3 HynbiSEbi P^t of alphabetically order'.

iyEEhuius fulyus aiaskensis ^Pilsbry, 18992

Origional descr'i pt i on, THE NAUTILUS Vol.lS, No. 10, page 116,
placed this species in the genus Conulus.

LEPETIDAE

UEEEtl aiby ^hd L,_ EEL'EEL't rica are in the genus Crygtobranchia.

See McLean 1966 West Piner'ican Prosobranch Gastropoda; Super'—
-families Patel lacea, P leurot ornar'i acea, arid F 1 ssure 1 1 acea,
page 129.

iStbi® iiL'bbergi McLean, 1985. Occurrance Pacific.

lEtbiS fyiya (MUller, 1776). Occur'r'ance Atlantic

COCCULINIDAE

QeEEyiina agassizii Dali, 1908. See Hickman 1981 VELIGER £3<3)
fig. 16-17; McLean 1966 Prosobranch pi. 4 (14-16). Occurance
Eastern Pacific.

TROCHIDAE

LiSEbEsi® E§i.LEil generally placed in the genus Bathybembix (but
not consi St ant 1 y ) Bee Ber'nard 1970 SYESIS Uol. 3, page 79.

Uischkeia Eidaris also tends to be in the genus gathybembix or
Cidar ina

Li^EbhEi^ E^Cielta. Bernard placed in genus Caliiot rggis. See

SYESIS V0Lr3;79

Margarites rhgdia Dali, 1922. See Dali 1921 Bulletin 112:179

dEQl^iEBE'tD® iacunatum (Carpenter, 1864). Occurrance N£ Pacific,
Attu Island to San Diego, Originally as Margargtes

2aEynat um.

dEMslEE'M® iybEbso2etum (Willett, 1937).

dEEileCi® Ecysiana = Sp i rgmoel 1 er ia guadrae. See Baxter & McLean
1984 VELIGER 27(2) :223.

SEiCECQSEliEEi^ i<§EbE!!!yEgD§i§ Baxter & McLean, 1984. Occurence
Nort heast er'n Pacific.

dSEliECiS 9y®dC§E “ §EiLE[!!EEiiECi3 gygdrae. See Baxter & McLean
1984 VELIGER 27(2) :2£3.

RISSOIDAE

I follow Coan, 1964. A proposed revision of the Rissoacean

families Rissoidae, Rissoinidae, and Ci ngulops 1 dae. VELIGER
6 (3): 164., for' the spelling of the genus Siy^nia Monterosato,
1884, with an "i", instead of the "a". There are a few
species of A2yan2a, with an "a", that r'ange across the Ar'ctic
that enter the Ber'ing Sea.

SiyiDiy EECSDyEty and 0,^ EyCByCE® dot in alphabetical order.

Qidgu2g MEECchi = A2yan2a (with "a") moerch2 (Collins, 1886) See
War'fen 1974 Revision of the Ar'ct i c-At 1 ant ic Rissoidae.
Zoologica Scr'ipta. Vol.3, page 133.

VITRINIDAE

Vitrina alaskana Dali, 1905

Dali’s l!gy,_ for' this species was on page 3 7 in Har'r'irnan

Alaska Series, Vol. XIII. Land and Frewh Water' Mollusks. Date
of publication July, 1910. It was apparently privately
printed in 1905 (Maybe June 15, 1905) by Doubleday, Page &

Company, copyright 1905 by Edwar'd H. Harriman.

HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE

dSdadenia ca22ipep2yEj- ECistyiE^Ei. CEtifEL cif order.

SCISSURELLIDAE

Scissurelia iamEilEt® repor'ted from Easter'n Pacific only on the
basis of my specimens fr'orn Prince William Sound and kachernak
Bay in McLean 1966 Prosobranch i a : 1 44. In 1984 McLean
described these as a new species, Anatpma baxteri VELIGER
26 ( 3 ) ;£ 33 .

§EisEyCEli.E ECiEESbS — Bdatgma cr2§EEt®

§Ei§§y!2Eii5 EEYEEE again is based my soecirnens fr-om Pr'ince
William Sound and Por't Dick identified by McLean. McLean
stated that he now believes this to be an undescribed
species of Angtoma and he is waiting for me to get some
living specimens.

FlSfeURELLIDAE

EllSyCi^ESt^ E^EifiE Cowan, 1969. See VELIGER 12(1) :£4

dEfflitSDQS BEiiS See McLean 1966 A new genus of F i ssur'e 1 1 i dae and
a new name for a misunderstood soecies of West America
Diodora. Cont r' i but i ons in Science, LACM, No. 100, where he
shows the name Hemjitgma is not corr'ect . 1 do not r'ernember

where the name Arginual came from that is to reolace
SEEiiEEtEDia that McLean used.

(HlEaSfeEPEDDys PiDDEEylEtus = Fi ssurel i.idea bimaculata Dali, 1871.

See McLean 1984, Shiell r'eduction and loss in Fi ssur'el 1 i ds : a
review of genera and soecies in the Fi 5sure22.lEEE gr'ouo.
Amer'ican Malacological Bulletin, Vol. £ ( 1 984 > : £ 1 -34

VERMETIDAE

SECEylECBiS EQyEBliSELyy ■ Palmer' 1958 Type specimens of marine
mollusca described by P. P. Carpenter fr'om the West Coast,
page 173, gives 1856 as date of publication.

CERITHI IDAE

glttiyfJl EtlEiiiEEE = iitiium yancguyerense. In Barnard 1970 A
distri but lonal check list of the marine mollusks of British
Columbia, SYESIS vol. 3:80.

llttiyC] EEDjySDEDSE - gittium yancguyerense. In Barnard 1970
SYESIS 3:60

QECitbiEEEiS EElECDQyM = G;- EElyML'§ Ber'nar'd 1970 SYESIS 3:80.

GECitBiEEEis fraseri = Cerit h i ggsi s char2ot t ens 1 s. In Barnard

GEEifeBiEESi s wiilEiti = GECitBiEBEiS EElyL’DE I''' Bernard 1970
SYESIS 3:30.

ditiBlEEElE iL'BiEDECy!!! (Carpenter, 1864). See DuShane 1979

VELIGER ££(£> :1137

Qstergghila jaggnica Randall & Heath, 1912. Occurrence Northern
Bering Sea. I took a number of this soecies froni the star-
— fish Legtasteria gglEElS from the Southeastern Chukchi Sea
and Nor't heast ern Ber'ing Sea, Alaska". Also see: Hober'q,

Feder, & Jewett 1980 OPHELIA l9(l):73-77. "Some aspects of
the Biology of the Parasitic Gastropod, Asteroghial jaggnica
Raridall and Heath ( Prosobranch 1 a : Melanel 1 idae) .

HIPPONIDIDAE

Sabia ggniga (Schumacher, 1817). Cowan 1974 Sab^a ggcXEE

(Schumacher') on the Pacific Coaast of North America.
Probably introduced.

lEiEBstrogis ganceilata Hinds, 1843. I do not have the first

paper, but in Hind’s other 1843 paper, The Zoology of the

voyage of H. M. S. Sulbher, on page 39 he does call this
species IrLEBEtESEiar par'ent het 1 ca 1 rnar'ks.

SyOEtyCEilE EyEyiiEfeEi Bn. EEEQCata, P,_ major, and P^ my i ilE.1-E.iEtE
all in the subger-er'a Cranogsis probably should be elevated
to the genus GEEDESEIe- See Cowan & McLean 1966 VELIGER
11 ( 2 ): 13 -.

LAMELLAR! IDAE

WEMEiiEEiS EBEOlBiEE Lamellaris stearnsii ar'e

MarseninE. In Behrens 1980 VELIGER £2(4)
Lamel Iri idae fo the North Eastern Pacific".

EyDEtyEEiiE EyEEdE"! Dali, 1924 is a valid soecies ft'om Pr'ince
Will iarn Sound.

ACMAEIDAE

GSiiiEEllE BiSi-tEliEi. Qn. EEltEi_ BEtEEEOEE PEEEEDEi. ESytum, and
BiEBSEE EEEEEE ^11 should have Rathke, 1833 as the on)y
author. Eschscholtz collected the soecirnens, but did not
describe them. See McLean 1970 VELIGER 13(1); 112.

Velutina undata (Brown, 1839) should be according to MacGinitie
1959 PUSNM 109(3412) :94, "Marine Mollusca of Point Barrow,
Alaska", Velutina undata Browni nSmi t h, 1839.

NATICIDAE Mostly based on Marincovich 1977 Bull. of American
Paleontology Vol. 70(294), "Cenozoic Naticidae of the
Northeastern Pacific. He has more changes than I note, but
they are not in my area, nor have I collected them.

Shells and Sea Life, 16(7):195

SisslicoBSis’ EycBiicea

“ 05iauroEai« isiSD^ica

Cr'^Et9!2*'tiS3 eiayS§ = iQC^Bt9I2aS.i£a2. 9i3Si§§ Broderio &

Sowerby, 1029.

Euagira

Eufoira

Eusgira

Euagira

igyiiii = E9iiDi99i liyisEic^i isyisii
= Neverita INeyerita). nana
gaiiida = PoiiQces lEuseira). Qajllidya
B9ii£i39§ ~ Neyerita INeyerita). goli,tiana

N§tica J.anthostotna Deshayes, 1641. Marincovich and othera giva
1839 as date of publication.

COLUMBELLIDOE

0!5Et!iS§§ iDall, 1916).. Onigionallv oeacribed as a

"variety” of Columbiana.

§yccinum tgnebrgsum “ feyccinum cyaneum. In Macpherson 1971 The
Marine Mollusca of Arctic Canada p. 89

NEPTUNIDAE

®*CiI3Siy5 PgtlCiC!9i (Middendorf f , 1848) This is the most common

igCiOHiyS the Eastern Bering Sea.

bigEtyngg PgbCiDSigDS “ i!gniD3iy§ fegticicsi- Besides my feeling
about this, see j Tiba 1972 VENUS 30<4):154.

NgEtyDgg t!9!295 (Gray, 1950). Most common Neptunid of the Bering
Sea. Seei Macintosh. 1976. A Guide to the identification of
some common Eastern Bering Sea Snails. Northwest Fisheries
Center Processed Report, March, 1976. National Marine Fish-
-eries Service, Nortwest Fisheries Center, Kodiak Facility,
Kodiak, Alaska.

PHOLADIDAE

Xi:l9Ebaaa ISSabiDfltona » Xyloghaga EaiifoQica Bartsch, 1921. Xt
caiifgrniea proceeds Xj. wastjiQutgQ on page 32 of Bartsch 1921
Proc. Biological Society of Washington.

There are a great number of problems with Alaskan mollusks
that have not yet been cleared up. Although publication of the
following list of probable changes has n^t been made, I include
them inorder that others might be tempted to work on them.

ECSbiacrnaea agicina I think is an 0E!B*aa based on its radula and
in that I have never seen larva with a protoconch shell in
the body cavity as I have with ECEbScmaea syfearitica.

USESta esecoideg » QciJEtEbcaDEbifi concentrica

Q9E£yliQS casaniga The holotype, USNM 222,069 is beyond any doubt
kEBS&g £gS9S based on my examination of the holotype.

iibBiiDSalys <E.A. smith, 1899) Occurrence N. Pacific
and Bering Sea.

gCBSD&g&yg Gould, 1841. Occurrence Bering Sea, Arctic,
North Atlantic.

biinSlCi&ES bSCiOBSQSil (E-A* smith, 1899). Occurrence Bering Sea
to Southeastern Alaska. Has been confused in the literature
with Mj. bgiiEiOy® because of Dali naming it Mj. baiisicys
eHES^gty® (holotype is a shell that was damaged about 1/3 of
a whorl from its lip) and Qi. hgilEiDyg SiS^ata.

Managcites aitbECBenSi® •= CbEbia- Holotype of Mj. aithgrgoQsis,
USNM 208,559 is stunted and a little mors elevated than
typical Mj. rhodig. Its a moderately common form, as I have
collected a few of this variety.

NgBtyClg SDidblObECf f i»D» MacSinitie, 1959. I did not think this
was a valid species until we took a number of them from the
Pribilof Islands area with the NOAA Vessel "Miller Freeman"
last year. They were taken with N^ bgE9§»
y§DtEi99®*-

FASCIOLARIIDAE

EygiQys OEOflSgg Dall, 1915. Author is without parentheical marks?
When Dali renamed Fusus robustus Trask, 1955, Dall used the
genus Fusinus. See Dall 1915 NAUTILUS 29(5) :55.

OLIVIDAE

Qiivgiia baetica. Palmer 1958 "Type Specimens of Marine Mollusca
Described by P. P. Carpenter for the West Coast", page 217,
states than Carp.enter’ s name is nomen nudum and that authoi —
-ship is Marrat in Sowerby, 1871.

HlCQacites bggl^i “ !!!8£:B8CiigS EBStalis
Hargarites iiruiatus •= L,icyiaci§ EgCEiDiEta
Hgcaacitgs igisjoDsys *■ Macaacitss cb9bia

iaiacisila isyisas “ ebscura. Holotype, LACM 1084, is a

typical form of S^. obscura.

Homalogoma EsIEEgDtgCi ” Homaiogoma iuridum

HomaieE9!2a SDBbgEai " HgmaloBgma iacunatum

H2!!!al9B9CD3 J.a»D®D§iS “ Homaiogoma iuridum

!aiib9B9!!3a BibbSCESa what happened to Batrgga ?

VOLUTOMITRIDAE

Did you lump Voiutomitra aiaskana Dall, 1902 with V. oroen-
Cigndica on purpose? If you did, then the occurrence” is
Arctic and South to the Eastern Pacific Ocean in Prince
William Sound. I have wondered if this was not so.

VOLUTIDAE

BCEtECIgiED stgannsii. I notice that most Pacific taxonomists use
§9CS2[I!gl.on

TURRIDAE

Saccharot urris is out of alphabetical order.

DenoB 9 ba concinnuie = Oenogota imeressa in Grant 8 Gale 1931:521.

gengBEta nova jasemijens i s. This has been spelled many different
ways, but I think the second "j" might be an "i",
DEvajasemiiensis? ’

QEbiEbgCEDgiia Cbingl (Dall, 1908), new name for Q,_ canceiiata

QbEstomia liyaieai EBokeana Bartsch, 1910. in Bartsch 1910
NAUTILUS 23(11) :138.

QbSStE'nia iiyaieai bi:Batia Dall 8 Bartsch in Bartsch, 1912. in
Bartsch 1912 PUSNM 42 ( 1 903 ) : 282.

Qb95b9!Di§ litcigt ySCbEDi 1 lal bgCEiSKonsi s. Misspelled barkley,
named for Barkley Sound.

QbEStomig chocoiata Palmer 1958 CARPENTER : 255 gives 1864 as date
of publication.

BIVALVIA

MYTILIDAE

bYbilus edulis out of alphabetically order.

BbbiiEEaci® iyCDECi Dall, 1887. Occurance Arctic Ocean - Bering
Sea, Pribilof Islands where I took 2 living and 1 dead in
April 1984.

Littgrina sgual.i.da Broderip & Sowerby, 1829. Common in
Northeastern Boring Sea in shallow water on eel grass.

BlyiDi® §i®sli®na = 0^ EaiBbgigi

Bivicia aiEDO “ EyCEECga

Biyania bCKEbia = EciflibEalygnia bCKEbia, Occurrence to Arctic
Alaska and Chukchi Sea.

Bivinia bUCCacbensis “ Biyinia rggang
SiyiDib Eastaneg » Singula cgstaQgg
0iviDi§ Easignella « Biyinia migbelsi

Qiyinia filosa = Biyinia EElOBacta
BiMiQia Beenag - 0i'viDig Eargentgri
Bivioia kyskaensis =* Biyinia carBgnieri

Biyibia MiabgiSi (Stimpson, 1851). Occurrence Panarctic, to
Southeastern Alaska in the Eastern Pacific.

BiyiOia ggbCEana = Biyinia cgnigacta

Giyania scrgbiguiata (with an "a") (Mfiller, 1842) ranges to the
Beaufort Sea in Arctic Alaska.

Einayia aigutica « Egisicinguia aigutica Personal correspondance
from Dr. Winston Ponder from specimens I sent to him.

OSTREIDAE

Qcassoirea gigas is a widely introduced species on
Coast from Cook Inlet, Alaska - California.

the Pacific

EiDflyia assgr = QnobS asser

QiDByla Eastanea ranges from Arctic Alaska to Central Bering Sea.

Qsbrga iurida (Carpenter,

- California. Bernard
SsbCgoia EEDchgghiia.

1864). Occurrence: Southeastern
keeps this species separati

Alaska
( from

Qingyia Egcingiia = Qnoba Egcingiia
EiDBElb gygcbgmi *■ QOEba Kygkgniis

CARDIIDAE

EliDEEardiym ESiif oriense. May
better name as it is very <
the Bering Sea. Its habitat ;

be "gravel cockle" would be a
common in Alaska as far north as
s generally in or on gravel.

TELLINIDAE

ySESDia iigaca - Macoma bCEbS- Even Dall
the height of his splitting. This is
lives in soft mud.

named it a subspecies at
a habitat vairation that

Shells and Sea Life, 16(7):196

QiDByla forrgstereQBis = Qnoba f EDDgStgCgDsiS

Einaylg hsbbgciDyg “ §9cg2EiDByia EabbgciDae
Qinayla hyshgQgi® ~ Qnabg BygbgDsi®

Qinayls EgitogDi ” QD9ba bysEggsis
QiDByla cEbyata SEiBiE - Qinguia ssiBiE

SEASHELL TREASURES BOOKS

CATALOG, FALL 1985

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Part 2

7500 Clarke, A.H. 1960. Catalogue
and illustrations of molluscs
described by Wesley Newcomb....
Bull. Amer. Paleontol., 41(188):-
135-160. $2.50

7469 Clarke, A.H. 981. The Fresh-
water Molluscs of Canada. Field
guide 179 species. All species
illustrated in halftones. 446p.
$39.95

3017 Clench, W.J. 1941. The land
Mollusca of the Solomon Islands
(Succineidae, Bulimulidae, and
Partulidae). AMNH Novitates
(1129):1-21, figs. 1-13. — $4.20

3018 Clench, W.J. 1956. A new
Cerion from Bimini, Bahamas
(Mollusca). AMNH Novitates
(1794):l-3, figs. 1-2. — $2.50

3019 Clench, W.J. 1957. New land
Mollusca from the Admiralty and
Bismarck Islands. AMNH Novi-
tates (1863):l-6, figs. 1-7. —$2.50

0475 Clover, P. Latiaxis Catalog &;
illustrated check list of Corallio-
philidae family. Black and white
copies of most Latiaxis species.
With several undescribed species.
A great help to Latiaxis lovers.
38 pages, 310 text-figs. Softcover
— $9.50

7112 Coale, R.D. Preparing Sea
Shells for Display. Shell cleaning
techniques. Organizing a shell
collection. Methods of displaying
shells. 34 pages, illustrations.
Softcover — $3.95

7114 Coan, E.V. 1968. A Biological
Survey of Bahia de Los Angeles,
Gulf of California, Mexico. Ill
Benthic Mollusca. p. 107-132.
$2.50

3007 Cockerell, T.D.A. 1913. A
new slug from the Himalaya

Mountains. Bull. AMNH 32(41)-
:617-619, figs. 1-7. — $2.00

3001 Cole, W.S. 1942. Strati-
graphic and Paleontologic Studies
of Wells in Florida — No. 2.
Florida Geological Survey, Geol.
Bull. (20):l-89, pis. 1-16. [Good

condition, back cover torn, bottom
corner] — $8.00

7118 Coleman, N. A Field Guideto
the Marine Life of South-Eastern
Australia. Rigby Publishers Ltd.,
167 pages, 200 color photos.
Introductory guide to fishes and
invertebrates of the region.
Includes scientific and common
name, habitat, depth, size, range,
and abundance. Hardbound —
$19.50 ’

7498 Coleman, N. Shells Alive. A
fascinating pictorial insight into
shells and the animals that make
them. 96 pages. Color and halftone
illustrations. Hardcover —

$14.95

7322 Coleman, N. Shells in
Australia. An Australia-wide
selection of shells - some common,
some rare - showing an incredible
array of shapes, sizes, patterns and
colors. 32 pages. Illustrated in full
color. Softcover — $4.95

7440 Coleman, N. What Shell is
That? Close up photos of shells
and their animals. Describing the
living world of nature’s most
astute architects. One of the most
enjoyable and beautiful shell
books. This book has been out of
print for some time and is difficult
to obtain. Vital information on
ecology, natural history and shell
conservation. 750 color photos.
Hardbound — $39.95

0843 Colin, P.I. Caribbean Reef
Invertebrates & Plants, A field
guide to the invertebrates and
plants occuring on the coral reefs
of the Caribbean, the Bahamas
and Florida. 512 pages, illustrated

in full color. Hardbound — $29.95

7640 Collier, C. & W.M. Farmer
1964. Additions to the nudibranch
fauna of the East Pacific & the
Gulf of California. $2.95

7175 Conrad T.A. 1893. Fossil
Shells of the Tertiary Formations
of No. Amer. 1963 reprint of this
valuable work. SB. 122p., 20
B/W plates, map. $9.25

7420 Cooke & Clench 1943. Land
Shells (Synceridae) from the
Southern and Western Pacific.
Occ. Pap. Bernice Bishop Mus.,
17(20):250-262, figs. 1-9. $3.25

7339 Cooke, C.M., Jr. 1931. The
land snail genus Carelia . Bernice
P. Bishop Museum, Bull. 85, p. 1-
98, pis. 1-18. Reprint 1971,
softbound $18.95

7338 Cooke, C.M., Jr. 1934. Land
shells of Makatea. Bernice P.
Bishop Museum, Occasional
Papers, 10(ll):l-ll. Reprint 1971,
$3.25

3027 Cooke, C.W. 1928. New
Vicksburg (Oligocene) mollusks
from Mexico. Proc. USNM,
73(10);1-11, pis. 1-2. (2 copies)
$3.20

7342 Cotton, B.C. South Austral-
ian Mollusca - Archaeogastropoda.
— $25.00

7341 Cotton, B.C. 1961. South
Australian Mollusca - Pelecypoda,
complete and detailed coverage.
SB., 363p. 350 text-figs. $19.95

7340 Cotton, B.C. 1964. South
Australian Mollusca - Chitons,
detailed coverage of the group. SB.
151p. 139 text-figs. $9.95

7520 Cotton, B.C. illustrated pam-
phlets on Haliotidae, Cerithiidae,
Strombidae, Potamididae, Con-
idae, Pyrenidae (Australia). $24.

0165 Coulombe, D.A. The Seaside
Naturalist. Phalarope Books, 246
pages, illustrations. Emphasis on
Atlantic coastal shallow water life
forms. Softbound — $13.95

2530 Cowry, The 1961, 1(2)

Original. $3.95

2779 Cowry, The All numbers
published. Reprint $8.95

3023 Crampton, H.E. 1956. New
species of land snails of the genus
Partula from Raiatea, Society
Island^ AMNH Novitates

(1761):1-17, figs. 1-3. *3.40

7550 Crickman, C.H. 1925. III. A
Note on Two of Hyatt’s Liassic
Ammonites. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.,
14(3):77-81, pi. 9. $1.50

Fig. i!i. — Troclu(s zizyphimts'.

7560 Crowder, W. 1931. Between
the Tides. 461pp., illus. Original
hardbound edition. AV $15.00

0293 Crowder, W. Seashore Life
Between the Tides. 461 pages,
illustrated. A guide for the
seashore life of the lower Atlantic
Coast of the U.S. and the offshore
waters. Fully illustrated with
drawings and halftones. Very
complete & well-organized. Plas-
ticized cover — $7.50

3049 Cushman, J.A. & Hanna
1927. Foraminifera from the
Eocene near San Diego, California.
Trans. SD Soc. Nat. Hist., 5(4):45-
64, pis. 4-6. $5.30

7570 Cushman, J.A. ii M.A.
Hanna 1927. Foraminifera from
Eocene Near San Diego, Califor-
nia. Trans. SD Soc. Nat. Hist.,
5(4):45-64, pis. 4-6. $5.30

3045 Cushman, J.A. Siegfus
1942. Foraminifera from the type
area of the Kreyenhagen shale of
Calif. Trans. SDSNH, 9(34):385-
426, pis 14-19 — $9.50

3046 Cushman, J.A. <k Stewart
1930. Tertiary foraminifera from
Humboldt County, California.
Trans. SDSNH, 6(2)'.41-94, pis 1-
8. — $7.50

7580 Cushman, J.A. & U.S. Grant
1927. Late Tertiary &. Quaternary
Elphidiums W. Coast N. America.
Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.,
5{6);69-82, 2 pis. $3.60

3071 Cushman, J.A. 1919. Recent
foraminifera from off New Zealand.
Proc. USNM, 56:593-640, pis. 74-
75. $9.50

3072 Cushman, J.A. 1921.
Foraminifera from the north coast
of Jamaica. Proc. USNM, 59:47-
82, pis. 11-19. (2 copies) $10.

Trans. SDSNH, 19(12):169-179,
figs 1-4 $2.30

7133 D’Attilio, A. Catalogue of
Coralliophilidae. 15 page catalog
listing species, authors, types &,
identifying literature. $4.50

0294 D’Attilio, A. Seashore Life
Coloring Book. 46 pages. 150
forms of marine life included in a
most delightful coloring book that
will acquaint you with the colorful
plants and animals from the coral
reefs and tidepools while you have
fun coloring anemones, jellyfish,
corals, barnacles, shells and sea
stars. All drawing reproduced in
color on the covers as a guide to
help your coloring. Common &:
scientific names of all creatures are
given. Softcover — $2.25

0204 Dahlem, T. How to smoke
seafood, Florida cracker style.
Smoking of all seafoods is easy
with this booklet. Covers fish,
scallops, oysters, shrimp and
clams. Includes plans to build your
own smoker. Softbound — $2.95

7139 Dali, Bartsch & Rehder 1938.
Manual Recent & fossil mar.
pelecypod mol. Hawaiian Islands.
Bull. 153:1-233, pis. 1-58, figs. 1-
28 RPT 1971 SB $50.95

7620 Dali, W.H. 1889. Reports ...
Gulf Mexico & Caribbean Sea ...
Report Mollusca. H. - Gastropoda
& Scaphopoda, 1967 RPT, 492pp.,
pis. X-XL, SB $19.75

7142 DaMotta, A.J. & P. Lenavat
Cone Shells of Thailand. We have
just received the last few of these
now out of print books. Describes
and illustrates 176 cone shells from
the Anadaman Sea. Distributional
data and abundance information
provided. Softbound — $15.00

7868 Dana & Wol. Eastern Pacific
Crown-of-Thorns in Gulf of
California, separate $2.25

0137 Dance, S.P. Collectors
Encyclopedia of Shells. This
extremely popular book has
excellent color photos of over 1500
species with complete data.
Scientific & common names.
Arranged according to new
classification system. Best quality
throughout. Hardcover — $24.95

7366 Dance, S.P. The World’s
Shells. 192 pages, color, halftone
& line illustrations, [a beautifully
illustrated book with complete
information on how to collect
shells for the beginner as well as
considerable content for the
advanced collector. Includes an
excellent glossary, bibliography,
and index Hardbound — $10.95

3020 de la Torre & Bartsch 1938.
Cuban operculate land shells of
the subfamily Chondropominae.
Proc. USNM, 85:193-423, figs. 71-
101, pis. 7-39. $23.

7368 de Oliveira &. de Oliveira
1974. Dicionario Conquilio Mala-
cologico. 190 pages, softbound.
Spanish language dictionary of
malacological terms. $3.95

3013 De Spieghel 1952. "Gloria
Maris" Shells. 80 p., 64 plates.
Hardbound — $9.50

0863 DeLeiris, L. Shell Coloring
Book. Excellent figures of shells
with color illustrations of each
page as a guide for coloring.
Softbound — $2.50

3002 Dell, R.K. 1952. The Recent
Cephalapoda of New Zealand.
Dominion Mus. Bull. (16):1-157,
pis. 1-35. $16.

0423 DeLuca, C.J. & D.M. DeLuca
Pacific Marine Life. A survey of
Pacific Ocean invertebrates. 66
pages, illustrated. Softbound —
$2.75

7808 Delucia, D. 1984. Guide to
the Mail Order Shell Dealers of the
US. gives basic information on
several major shell dealers along
with some basic guidelines for
buying shells by mail. Spiral
bound — $5.00

4026 DeLucia, David. 1984. Deal-
ing with Dealers: On Returning
Shells. S&SL, 16(12):244. —

$2.50

4025 DeLucia, David. 1984. Deal-
ing with Dealers: Those Exas-
perating One-of-a-Kind Shells.
S&SL, 16(11):197. — $2.50

7590 Cushman, J.A. 1927.
Foraminifera of the Genus
Siphonina and Related Genera.
Proc. USNM, 72(20):1-15, pis. 1-4.
[$4.25]

7512 D’Attilio, A. & B. Meyers
1984. Descriptions of Five New
Muricacean gastropods. Trans.
San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 14p.,
illus. $3.95

7468 D’Attilio, A. & H. Bertsch
1980. Four Species of Pterynotus
and F avartia ... Philippine Islands.

7650 de Oliveira, M.P. 1969. As
Conchas. Introduction to the
study of shells. Spanish. Soft-
bound, 86 pages. $2.95

Fife'. 511. — Animal de I'AcU-oii
liji notilis cn inaiclio (Woodw;.

Fig. 282.— Aaiulhndorix jn-
los.'T, Muller, hr, lu anchies;
n, anus; f, I'liinophore.-;
(.Vldur I't llaiirock).

0373 Dewees, C.M. 1984. The
Printer’s Catch: An Artist’s Guide
to Pacific Coast Edible Marine
Life. 128 pages, 43 color plates
and 22 black &: white plates.
This is the first book to present the
work of an American Gyotaku
(i.e., Japanese fish printing) artist.
Includes fish and shellfish.
Narrative covers life history,
consumer information and a
description of fisheries. Instruc-
tions for making your own fish
prints. Hardbound — $26.95

7680 Dickerson, R.E. 1921. I.
Notes on Fauna of Vigo Group &
Its Bearing on Evolution Mar.
Molluscan Faunas. Proc. Cal.
Acad, sci., ll(l):l-26. $5.20

7302 Ditlev, H. 1980. A field-guide
to the reef-building corals of the
Indo-Pacific. 291p., 390 photos,
20p. color. Hardbound $26.95

4027 Donaldson, Sven Si Sandra
Millen, 1984. Floating Docks:
Unique Microcosms lie just
Beneath Your Feet. SifeSL,
16(5):52-53, 1 fig. — $2.50

4028 Donaldson, Sven & Sandra
Millen, 1984. Wood-Wrecking
Worms are Actually Calamitous
Clams. S&SL, 16(9):136-137, 2
photos, 1 fig. — $2.50

7862 Drake, R. Type Material Eu-
calodium orcutti Dali, separate.
$1.50

7690 Dugan, J., R.C. Cowen, et.
al., 1967. World Beneath the Sea.
204pp., color photos. $14.00

4029 Dullas, Norma. 1984. One
Way to Start a Shell Collection.
Opisthobranch, 16(2):13. — $2.50

7470 DuShane, H. 1962. A
checklist of mollusks for Puerto-
citos, Baja California, Mexico.
Veliger, 5{l):39-50, 1 map. $2.75

7485 DuShane, H. 1968. Three new
epitoniid gastropods from the
Panamic Province. Contrib. Sci.
LACMNH, (145):l-6, figs. 1-6.
$1.95

7486 DuShane, H. 1970. Five new
epitoniid gastropods from the west
coast of the Americas. Contrib.
Sci., LACMNH, (185):l-6, figs. 1-
5. $1.95

7502 DuShane, H. 1970. Two new
epitoniidae from the Galapagos
Islands (Mollusca: Gastropoda).
Veliger, 12(3):330-332, pi. 51, tbl.
1. $1.95

7514 DuShane, H. 1977. Epiton-
ium textimattum , a new gastropod
from the west coast of Mexico.
Nautilus, 91(3):89-91, figs. 1-7.
$2.75

2678 DuShane, Helen 1974. The
Panamic-Galapagan Epitoniidae.
The Veliger, 16(Supp.):l-84, figs.
1-154 (most B&W photos), tbls.
$22.50

4030 DuShane, Helen. 1984.
Casmaria vibexmexicana (Stearns,
1894). Opisthobranch, 16(4):48,
1 photo. — $2.50

7700 Ecologae Geologicae Helvet-
iae 1923-24. Vol. 18(l-4):l-635 -f
many color Si B&W pis. Si illus.,
fold-outs. Societe Geol. Suisse.
Library binding $48.00

7136 Edmondson, Fisher et ^
1925. Marine Zoology of Tropical
Central Pacific. Bishop Museum,
Bull. 27, p. 1-148, pis. 1-11. RPT
1971, softbound $29.75

4031 Edmunds, Malcolm. 1984.
Beginner’s Luck. Opisthobranch,
16(4):36-37, figs. 1-2. — $2.50

0138 Eisenburg, J. Collector’s
Guide to Seashells of the World.
The most comprehensive single
volume guide to seashells
available. There are 158 plates in
full color, showing almost 4000
specimens. Characteristics of 142
families are described in detail.
One of the most popular books in
print today. A must in every
library Hardbound — $24.95

3041 Emerson Si Chace 1959.
Pleistocene mollusks fromTecolote
Creek, San Diego, California.
Trans. SD Soc. Nat. Hist., 12(21):-
335-346, figs. 1-3. $2.20

7866 Emerson Si Hertlein 1964.
Invertebrate Megafossils of the
Belvedere Expedition to the Gulf
of California. Trans. San Diego
Soc. Nat. Hist., 13(17);333-368,
figs. 1-6 (includes 2 pis.) — $4.40

7865 Emerson Si Jacobson 1964.
Terrestrial Mollusks of the
Belvedere Expedition to the Gulf
of California, p. 313-332, figs. 1-5,
tbls. 1-4. $1.95

7684 Emerson, W.K. Si M.
Jacobson Guide to Shells
American Museum of Natural
History. This is the first guide to
contain in a single volume, the
land snails, freshwater and marine
shells of the entire western
seaboard of the United States Si
Canada. 1000 illustrations with 47
pages of photographs, 16 full color
pages, 512 pages, covers over 800
species. Arranged for ease of
identification. Cross-referenced by
both common and scientific names.
Hardbound 7684H — $17.50;

Softbound 7684S — $9.95

7740 Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Old
1963. Results Puritan Amer. Mus.
N.H. Exp. West. Mexico. 19.
Recent Mollusks: Gastropoda,
Strombacea, Tonnacea, and Cy-
matiacea. $3.50

7710 Emerson, W.K. 1958.
Results Puritan Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Exp. to Western Mexico. 1.
General Account. $3.00

7720 Emerson, W.K. 1964.
Results Puritan Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Exp. West. Mexico. 20.
Recent Mollusks: Gastropoda:
Harpidae, Vasidae, Si Volutidae.
$3.50

3008 Emerson, W.K. Si W.E. Old,
Jr. 1979. Scaphella contoyensis . a
new volutid (Gastropoda) from
East Mexico. Nautilus, 93(1):10-
14, figs. 1-7. — $2.00

7335 Emmerich, K. Shells on
Postage Stamps Around the
World. 110 pages, many illustra-
tions in color and black and white.
Very complete. Hardbound —
$19.95

7443 Estival, J.C. Cone Shells of
New Caledonia and Vanuatu.
This book describes 104 identified
cones and has 41 full color plates
showing excellent reproductions of
the shells. Historical background
and geographical data are included
as well as the biology of cones. It
is a complete guide to New
Caledonia cones. All shellers will
want this book. Hardbound —
$25.00

Fig. 6i. Pectoi varitts'.

7750 Evans, I.O. 1964. The
Observer’s Book of Sea and
Seashore, HB $4.50

7760 Evans, J.G. 1972. Land
Snails in archaeology. With special
reference to the British Isles.
Seminar Press, London & New
York, 436pp. $17.50

7248 Fair, R. Murex Book. A very
good, reasonably priced book with
complete coverage of the living
Muricidae. Covers the Muricidae,
Muricopsinae and Ocenebrinae. 23
pages of high quality photo plates.
Over 400 species shown with full
synonymy. Softbound — $9.50

7303 Fair, R. Shell Collectors
Guide. A lively, well written and
illustrated book, offering the basic
knowledge necessary for acquiring,
preserving and displaying shells.
35 halftone drawings, 9 maps. A
lifetime of knowledge of collecting
all over the world by the author.
Hardbound — $9.50

7166 Farley, M.B. L.K. Farley
Baja California Diver’s Guide.
Marcor Publishing, 220 pages, 7
pages of color photos. Guide to
diving sites, air stations, boats,
etc. for the peninsula. — $13.95

3043 Farmer, W.M. 1963. Two new
opisthobranch mollusks from Baja
California. Trans. SD Soc. Nat.
Hist., 13(6):81-84, color pit. $2.

7402 Farmer, W.M. Sea-Slug
Gastropods. Opisthobranchs re-
presenting 7 orders, 41 families
and 157 species occurring from
Panama to Alaska are drawn by
the author. Collectors will find this
compilation easy to follow in
identifying and categorizing these
beautiful sea creatures. 177 pages,
color key for all drawings.
Softcover — $10.00

4032 Farmer, Wesley M. 1984.
Note on Tambja eliora. Opistho-
branch, 16(2);16, 1 photo. —$2.50

4033 Farmer, Wesley M. 1984. The
Apricot Slug. S&SL, 16(6):79, 1
fig. — $2.50

7455 Faulkner, D. <fe R. Chesher
Living Corals. The 194 color
photographs encompass 31 families
of corals, taxonomically arranged.
For the first time, valuable
comparisons between soft-bodied
and stony corals are presented.
308p., library type hard binding. A
truly beautiful book. Excellent
value. Hardcover — $29.95

0436 Fielding, A. Hawaiian Reefs
and Tidepools. A guide to Hawaii’s
shallow water invertebrates. 103
pages. Filled with full color
photographs. Good general refer-
ence book. Softcover — $9.95

7120 Fretter, V. & A. Graham
British Prosobranch Molluscs. 755
p.. Many illus. A very important
foundation work. Hardbound
$61.75

7770 Frye, Leonard & Glass 1978.
Late Cenozoic ... molluscan ...
northeastern New Mexico. New

Mexico Bur. Mines Sc Mineral Res.,
Circ. 160, 32p. $4.80

0348 Galbraith, Robert Sc Ted
Boehler 1974. Subtidal Marine
Biology of California. Nature-
graph Publishers, Healdsburg,
California, 128 pages, 15 color
plates, many black Sc white
photos, drawings. Special em-
phasis on Southern California fish
and invertebrates. ISBN 0-87961-
027-1 Cloth — $11.95, ISBN 0-
87961-026-3 Paper — $5.95

7210 Galindo, E.S. Index and
Register of Seashells. This is a
valuable tool for collectors who are
identifying and listing seashell
species. Makes identifying easy
as all names possible are cross-
indexed in the large (533 page)
volume. Over 156 pages of
instruction in identifying sheila.
Some illustrations in color and
halftones. Softbound — $29.95

7839 Gargiulo Conchiglie del
Mediterraneo $29.95

7154 Geerts, C. Dictionary of
French-English Shell Terms. Gives
the shell terms in both French-
English and English-French. Good
coverage. — $1.50

0405 Gillette, K. Sc J. Yaldwyn
Australian Seashores in Colour.
112 pages, 113 photos in color and
BScW. Excellent photos useful for
identification of the animals found
in Australian waters. A good
value. Hardbound — $5.00

4034 Goddard, Jeff. 1984. Pre-
sumptive Batesian Mimicry of an
Aeolid Nudibranch by an Amphi-
pod Crustacean. S&SL, 16(12);-
217, 220-222, 3 photos. — $2.50

4035 Goldberg, Richard L. 1984. A
Species of Placostvlus from the
Solomon Islands. S&SL, 16(10);-
162, 2 photos. — $2.50

0449 Golden Book Animals of the
Sea - A Golden Stamp Book.
There are 48 full color stamps
showing creatures of the myster-
ious undersea world, plus 48 pages
of information and line drawings.
Special reading for children.
Softcover — $1.29

7194 Goldring Handbook of
Paleontology for Beginners and
Amateurs. Part 1. Reprint,
Softcover — $12.50

0161 Gosner, K.L. A Field Guide
to the Atlantic Seashore.
Houghton Mifflin Co., 329 pages,
23 color photos, 41 black and
white plates. Good guide to the
intertidal plants and animals of
the Atlantic coast. Softbound —
$9.95

0425 Gotshall, D. Sc Laurent
Pacific Coast Subtidal Marine
Invertebrates. 161 of the com-
monest invertebrates, each clearly
illustrated with a color photograph
showing the animal in nature.
Also short descriptions of every
animal outlining color, shape,
anatomical details, typical habi-
tats, depths and geographical
range. Softbound — $12.95

0182 Gotshall, D. Marine Animals
of Baja California. Sea Challen-
gers, 213 pages with color photos
throughout. Field guide to the
nearshore marine fishes and
invertebrates that occur from
Cedros Island, Baja California to
Cabo San Lucas and up into the
Sea of Cortez to Bahia de Los
Angeles. Size, habitat and range.
Softbound — $17.95

3009 Gratacap, L.P. 1901. Catalog
of the Binney and Bland

Collection of the Terrestrial Air-
Breathing Mollusks of the United
States and Territories, in the
American Museum of Natural
History, with Enumeration of
Types and Figured Specimens, and
Supplementary Notes. Bull.
AMNH 14(23);335-403, pis. 41-56
(2 color pis.). — $19.50

3010 Gratacap, L.P. 1912. An
unusual specimen of Mvtilus
middendorffii Grewingk from
Alaska. Bull. AMNH 31(6);69-
70, pi. 7. — $2.00

7780 Grau, G. 1959. Pectinidae of
the Eastern Pacific. SB $17.50.

0452 Greenberg, I. Sc J. Greenberg
Sharks and other dangerous sea
creatures. The vivid illustrations
and accurate text in this book
show potential dangers of sharks
and what to do when confronted
by them. 64 pages, Softbound —
$4.95

0186 Greenberg, I. Guide to Corals
and Fishes of Florida, Caribbean
and Bahamas. 260 species of corals
and fishes are shown in full color
with accurate and easily under-
stood text. 64 pages. Softcover —
$4.95

0225 Greenberg, J. Sc I. Greenberg
Living Reef. Full color photos of
corals, fishes and sea life of
Florida, the Caribbean and
Bermuda. Each photo explained.
110 pages. Good quality. Softcover
— $9.95

7001 Habe Sc Ito 1955 Sc 1961.
Shells of Japan, Volume I Sc II.
Japanese, English and Latin
scientific names, color pis. 200+
pages per volume. $75.00

7810 Habe, T. 1964. Notes on the
Genus Cucullaea Lamarck (Mol-
lusca). Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus.,
7(3);259-261, figs. 1-2. $1.00

7820 Habe, T. 1970. Description of
New Species of Fulgoraria from the
South China Sea. Venus, 29(l);l-
4, figs. 1-2. $2.00

moulds, prepare specimens, seal
and polish for a beautiful result.
Softcover 0203S — $3.95;

Hardbound 0203H — $9.95

0241 Harris, C. Dictionary of
Sejishore Life. A "beach diction-
ary” of seaishore animals like
jellyfish, barnacles, sea worms,
sand dollars, sea cucumbers,
starfish, crabs and seahorses.
Where they live, what they are,
what they look like. 74 pages, 8-
1/2" X 11” format. Soft cover —
$3.95

7830 Habe, T. 1970. New Land
Snail from Hokkaido, Japan. Bull.
Biogeogr. Soc. Japan., 24(12);79-
80, figs. 1-3. $2.00

7840 Habe, T. 1971. Shells of
Japan. 139 pp., $4.50

7850 Habe, T. 1973. New
Spondylus from the S. China Sea.,
Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., 16(l);37-39,
figs. 1-2. $2.00

0242 Hall, F.W. Hall’s Shells of the
Florida Coasts. This perennial
favorite is now enhanced with 8
pages of color photos. Identifies
106 shells in a handy take-along
size book. 32 pages, 5-1/2" x 8-
1/2" format. Softcover — $1.95

7860 Hall, S.A. 1972-1980 Four
papers on molluscan paleo from
mid-west America. (1 in photo-
copy] about 25 pages. $3.50

7930 Hawaiian Malacological
Society ?late 1950’s. Helpful Hints
for Shell Collectors. $4.50

2940 Hawaiian Shell News 6(l)-
8(12) some photocopy AV $30.00

0404 Healy, A. Sc J. Yaldwyn
Australian Crustaceans in Colour.
Here are pictured hundreds of
different crustaceans. All nature
lovers will find it a colorful
introduction to one of the more
interesting branches of marine life.
109 photographs including 52
plates in full color. Hardcover —
$7.45

0140 Hedgepeth, J. Sc S. Hinton
Common Seashore Life of
Southern California. Illustrated in
color, halftones and line drawings.
Names both scientific and
common. Excellent field manual .
68 pages, Softbound 0140S —
$4.95; Hardbound 0140H —

$10.95

Fi;;. 31)2. — Animal de Conus icx/ile,' Lirin^, en marche.
Si, siphon; F, tontacule; 0, ceil; Ji, bouclie; pied
(Quoy et Gaiinard).

0107 Greenberg, J. Sc M.
Greenberg 1983. The Radiant
Reef. 20 oversize full color pages.
Dive facility directory for the
Caribbean. Softcover — $3.50

7426 Greifeneder, D. 1981. Acta
Conchyliorum Club Conchylia. Nr.
1/1981. Beitraege zur Kenntnis
der Olividae. 200 pages, 28 plates
of color prints, maps and tables.
Every serious Olive collector must
have this book! We have the few
remaining copies of the English
edition of this valuable reference.
Spiral bound — $45.00

7213 Griffith, L.M. Intertidal
Univalves of British Columbia.
Companion to Intertidal Bivalves
of British Columbia. Covers the
gastropods of Western Canada and
Northwestern U.S.A. Softcover
$4.50

0106 Grzimek, H.C.B. 1984.
Animal Life Encyclopedia, Vol. 3,
Molluscs and' Echinoderms. 540p.,
hundreds of color illustrations.
Complete coverage of the marine
shells, some land shells, bivalves,
squids, ctenophores, starfish and
squirts. Beautiful large volume
translated from the original
Germah. Should be in every
collector’s library. Hardbound
106H — $57.95; Softbound 106S
— $34.95

7800 Haas, G. 1951. Preliminary
report on the molluscs of the
Palestine coastal shelf. Min.
Agri., Dept. Fish., Mar. Res. Sta.,
Jerusalem, 20pp. $3.00

0152 Halstead, B. Dangerous
Marine Animals. Covers in deUil
the marine animals that bite,
sting, shock, and are inedible.
Fully illustrated in halftones and
color plates showing injuries and
stings, as well as the antidotes and
treatment. Softcover — $15.00

4036 Hamann, Jeff. 1984. New
Cadlina from Saudi Arabia.
S&SL, 16(5);68, 1 photo. —$2.50

0248 Hamilton, D. Catch Sc Cook
Shellfish. Florida waters abound in
delicious shellfish. The author
teaches you how and where to find
them. Recipes for clams, shrimp,
crabs, coquinas, turtle, and more.
64 pages, 5-1/2" x 8-1/2"
softcover — $1.95

7900 Hanna, G.D. 1923. Upper
Miocene Lacustrine Mollusks from
Sonoma County, California. Proc.
Cal. Acad. Sci., 12(3);31-41, pis.
1-3 $3.15

7910 Hanna, G.D. 1929. Fossil
Diatoms Dredged from Bering Sea.
Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.,
5(2);287-296, pi. 34. $2.45

7920 Hanna, G.D. 1963. West

American Mollusks. ..Genus Conus

- II. $6.50

0203 Hardin, C.E. How to preserve
animals and other specimens in
clear plastic. Shows easy method
to preserve creatures of beauty
including seashells, in plastic to
last forever. Covers the preserva-
tion of marine animals. Includes all
information necessary to make

0431 Heller, R. Designs For
Coloring Seashells. Seashell de-
signs for coloring. Using your own
imagination, you can color the

shells simply or elaborately. 48
designs. Softbound — $3.50

7970 Hertlein Sc Emerson 1953.

Mollusks Clipperton Island with
Description of new species
Gastropods. Trans. SD Soc. NH,
ll;345-364, pis. 26-27 $4.00

3038 Hertlein Sc Emerson 1956.

Marine Pleistocene invertebrates
from near Puerto Penasco, Sonora,
Mexico. Tran. SDSNH, 12(8);154-
176, pi. 12, 2 maps $5.40

7980 Hertlein Sc Emerson 1959.

Results Puritan Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Exp. West. Mexico. 5.
Pliocene Sc Pleistocene Megafossiis
Tres Marias Islands. $2.50.

7960 Hertlein Sc Strong 1955.
Marine Mollusks Collected
"Askoy" Exp. Panama, Colombia,
Sc Ecuador 1941. Bull. Amer. MNH,
107 art.2;159-318, pis. 1-3. $17.50

7873 Hertlein L.G. Sc Grant.
Geology Sc Paleontology of Marine
Pliocene S.D.,Pt.2 $4.50

Seashells

1986 PERSONAL-SIZE CALENDAR

Carry your seashell collection everywhere — it’s easy to
do with this convenient personal-size calendar with
photographs by Pete Carmichael. Each month features a
different sea-treasure— like the tropical Purple Sea Snail,
the delicately beaded Strawberry Top Shell, and the glis-
tening , iridescent Abalone. The calendar’s handy size
makes it small enough to fit in purse or drawer, yet
roomy enough to record all sorts of reminders.

Product #14700

ISBN 0-89505-322-5
5%" X 53/4'

$3.25

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iSClgei* galiforniea - Barleeia bgiistighia

6SSi&!i!953 SSlifSCQigg way be = Blgi[!!i>Dg* ICiCSiyESDS Carpenter,
1864 ?

§i<*Qg2B3iS fiiaakana « Bissstiia glSSBgQg* Paper on this change is
in progress. Based on radula, opercalum, and external body
conf i gurat ion.

yilciDfiiia alaihgoalB probably = Biassslia iiaaisaDS

USB&SSyca alaaBana Bartsch, 1910 might belong in family TORNIDfiE.

It also might be the young of some other species. I examined
the paratypes and pulled the radulas from those specimens
with bodies. Four different species were represented amoung
the 8 paratypes. I plan to examine the holotype again to see
what this name means. The holotype, USNM 208,433, does not
have a notched lip as Bartsch reported, just a chipped lip.

QsnitbioEsis Icyusatys “ EscitbiQBSis sS-ejugagci

SciCSa EBBiyla&a (Wlghels & ndams, 1842). Occurrence Boring Sea.

I have taken this species living, from the Bering Sea along
with Pgirga borgalig. The 2 species are different with no
over lapping of characteristics.

baigOglig Seems confusion between this and Bgigis as to correct
name.

Meian§l.la comoxensis « Me^aneiia 0 }icang

B§2iEbi09g ESCffllEiliS <Dall, 1871). Occurrence from Prince
William Sound to Chukchi Sea.

Qrogigatgiia orbigyiata “ Cregigateiia iingulata. Cj. 2 nbi 2 yi*i.*
is just an habitat variation.

bgtiES lQ!2yEi.2Dgti2al SigytiEg Dall, 1919 and Natiga ICrygto^
Cyssa Gould, 1859 are both valid species in spite
of Mar i ncovi ch ’ 3 statements. There is a major difference in
their egg cases that holds true for about 3,200 miles of
range from Prince William Sound to the Chukchi Sea. Publi-
-cation of this is at the printers. There is also

differences in color pattern. No differences in shell
meristics or radulas.

BSySBEgta may belong in the genus Mitrgiia.

Your BUCCINIDPC, based on radula, operculum, general body config—
-uration, and to a lesser extent on sex organs should be
divided into 2 families, BUCCINIDOE PND NEPTUNEIDPE.

§y22iByi& SBflylSByw. occurrence: Bering Sea of type variety and
all the named subspecies.

ByeeiDy!!! Ebactiyio Dall, 1919. occurrence: Bering Sea.

ByEEiDyiD 2iBi92efeyD3 Dall, 1907. Occurrence: Southeastern Alaska -
Washington.

ByEEioycD fiiQbgciaoyo! ” ByEEiDyw Eagci
ByEeiDyw D2C!3ale “ iysEiDyw aoByiosytD

§9i:S2£C2Eb2D ailBEaQyS Dall, 1902. Occurrence from Eastern Bering
Sea to Southeastern Alaska.

i2Cg2£C2Eb2D CDgEByDi ” gtuarti (McLean said “ B.. orgtiiug)

B2C®2£C2Bb2Q tflyClEif BCOiS (Ball, 1877). Radwin * D’Attilio 1976
Murex:184 place this in the genus Ng^yiot roghon, but from
the large series that I have seen and pulled the radulas
from, 1 do not believe there is enough sculpturing

differences to justify a different genera. Occurrence Arctic
to California.

iQCeBiCQBbSQ EEtyDbatys = trigherus

BBCeQ^CBEbED iCiBbgCy? Dall, 1902. Occurrence Bering Sea -
Southern California: Japan

biEB 2 C' 2 troghon iasius = Troghgnogsis t onyiscu 1 gt us (Carpneter,
1864). This is not in the genus Niggongt rgghon because
it has much different sculpturing from the other species
that Kuroda & Habe placed in this genus. There is a moderate
amount of radula variation in the Family MURICIDAE and a
large series from a number of locations would indicate that
the radula central tooth is not good generic indicator. I
use the name t enyiscy igt us at this time because I have seen
other specimens from the type locality, fossils from Santa
Barbara, Bathhouse Beach or Coal Oil Point. They are mixed
in with Qcenebra interfossa that look very similar in
certain habitats. This has lead to some confusion in getting
the 2 species mixed in the minds of some of the people that
have tried to straighten the mess out. The main problem is
that the holotype Number 4951 is at Cornell University and
they have not been able to locate it for me. This is a
species that I have seen many thousands of from many differ-
-ent habitats and it is almost as variable in sculpturing as
Nyetiia iawgiioga.

biBB2C'2iC2Bb2Q BEilylyg “ Boreotroghon scftylys (Dall, 1891). The
Japanese tend to split species up far too much. This

species is related to the g,. styarti,. orgheys group with a
few moderate, spiral ribs.

QctQlEca SClgCS (Dall, 1919). Sometimes called a subspecies of Q^.
lyrida, but it may not be.

IC 2 Btl 2 Q 2 Bli 3 iiawEtlStBgQyS = Boraot rgetlED b*lB 2 t!§tE§Dya

ByEEiDytS 2Di*IDg£,2Eigyr:8 = iv aCflyiESyCD ECiSwatEBigy*:* “ Bugginugi
fliaciaig. Misspelling of Dali's subspecies which really is a
form of BigEiaig- Dall 1919 PUSNM 56 (2295) : 326.

ByESiDyO! EyylytQ Dall, 1895. Some Authors have called a variety
of is. Eaecis but Holotype USNM 106,997, is different.
Occurrence: Eastern Aleutian Islands.

iyEEiDyw C2SS®iiiQy!D Dall, 1919. Occurrence: Southeastern Alaska.

iyEEiDyw aiafflatEEigyca Dall, 1907 . occurrence: East & West Bering
Sea to Aleutian Islands.

iscioaiys maligatys - geringiys st iEDgsgni
ificiDfliys macabaili • igciDaiya baociEstt i

iSCiOfliyS yoEaltya (Dall, 1919). occurrence from Bering Sea to
Washington.

EslyS iE2§!Siy® (Dall, 1891) Occurrence: Bering Sea - Aleutians.

Q2lyg SEbSiyS (Dall, 1889). Generally had been reported as C,.
haifi by Authors and the National Marino Fisheries Service
for the Bering Sea. Occurrence: Bering Sea - Aleutians.

Q2lya ESiafebyS Dall, 1919 . occurrence: South Side Alaska
Peninsula.

C 2 iys bYEEiiSEys ° E2lys aghelyg

Qaiyi wEEEityi ** Q2iy§ baiii

Qalyg DEbiiis = Col.ys hergdeeni

Q2lya aaBiyi Dall, 1919 . occurrence: Southeastern Alaska.

E2ly§ isaytys (March, 1869). Occurrence: Beaufort Sea, Alaska.

EysiY2iyt2Eaiya ygcbcysEDi (Kobeit, i876)

kiEtsssys Qy>i “ LiEcogayg eeIEei

NgEtyDSS berfngi, = NgElyOgg Habitat form living on

sand and where the currents are swift. Occurrence Inner
Bristol Bay and Cook Inlet.

Nogtynea borgaiis (Philippi, 1650). Occurrence: Bering Sea -
Aleut ians.

NSBiyOSa EEwwyOis ^ (^EBiyOEg borggHs

Negtunea gycosmfa •= Agcfst rolegfs gygogmig (based on shell shape
and radula).

Negtynea magna = Qlinogegma magna

N®EtyD®3 EbEEOiE* (Dall, 1891). Occurrence: Southeastern Alaska -
Northern California. Common in the deep fiords in Alaska.

WEBtynea gribifgf f ensis probably = N^ gtSiyotE

bEBtunea stflesf = Ngetynea lyrata. Habitat iform from the
southern part of its range.

Pl^icifysus ayrantiys (Dall, 1907). Occurrence: Southeastern
Bering Sea.

PliEifysyS iatfcordatys = Eiicifusus ayrantfus

Piicifusus stejnegeri (Dall, 1884). Occurrence: Central Bering
Sea around the Pribilof Islands. We took a number of living
specimens of this species from the "Miller Ferrman". I place
it in this genus because of the size of its protoconch,
sculpturing, has broad, f'ounded axial ribs on early whorls,
spiral sculpturing only of incised lines, strongest on base,
and similarity of the animal to that of P^ bCQEYECi*

PliEifysys yerkruzgni = Eys i.yol ut ogsiys yerkruseni

Sylcgsinys taghriym (Dall, 1891). Occurrence: Eastern Bering Sea.

YsiytEBEiys behri.ngi = Beringiys behringi

yBiytEBEiys E®ii2EbiQyS “ EiiEifysyS §tejneggri

ysiytEESiyS Eaii2EbiQy§ stejnegeri » Plicifusys stejnegerj

ysly&EEsiys fliesys- This needs to be in a new genus. Too many
body and radula differences to remain in this genus.

yEiyiBESiyS CSBioDiS (Dall, 1891). Occurrence: Eastern Bering Sea.
Adnigtg EiCEyEDEiDQtS “ bEyBtSEtE CD2Eg§feE

BElSEiE iaSYiSC Leach, 1878. Valid species. I have taken this and
Si EBytbSyyi together and find no intergrades between the 2
species. I do not think it is a sexual difference either.

Gbmgtg mgdesta =■ Ngadmete modesta. There is a great deal of
habitat variation in this species. With few collections, long
distances apart, Dall named many species without knowing the
variability or habitat variation of a species.

Admete una l,ash kensjs = Neadmete modesta

Mangeija erjogjs Dall, 1919. Occurence: Southeastern Alaska to
British Columbia.

Shells and Sea Life, 16(7):197

Bartsch,

1907.

MitCornorEda ataciiio*; (Hemphill in Tryon, 1884). Occurrence
Southeastern Alaska - California

□ onoEota, in the broadest sense, including the genera Notstorna^
□bosotoma, has major problems. My collection of Alaskan
species is extensive, exceeds even that of the Smithsonian,
and I am very confused as to how far the groups should be
split. Some things are clear, though, and that is that Dali
and Bartsch had a unique concept of speciation. There are
approximately 26 undescribed species in the different
collections and institutions. I will be at the Smithsonian
this coming winter to work on this group. Anyway, the
following comments are applicable at this time.

DenoBota aleutiga = OenoEora EMCaEDd^iiS

OenoEota althorEensig = QgnoEQta yiolacea

OenoEota amiata = QenoEOta rosea

OenoEota bechtii Mbller, 1842. Occurrences Arctic - Prince
Will iam Sound.

OeQOEota bicarinatg = QengEota yiolagea

OenoEota crebr i.co3t at a (Carpenter, 1865). Occurrences Southern
Bering Sea - California. Generally listed under Mangel ia.

QeCOfiOta eriEEls = QgDQEota aiakensis

OenoEota goyidii = Qenogota ryayistg o'" Qi- tyCCiSyia

Oenogota laeyigatg = Oenogotg SimBieS

QgD 2 Eota iotta • QgDOEota krausei

QenoBota miona (Dali, 1919). Occurrences Aleutian Islands -

Central California.

OonoEota mitrata = QengEOta tyccisyia

QghOEgta moerchi

QgD9E2£§ godulosa = QenoEota vigigcea

QengEOta guadra (Dali, 1919). Occurrences Aleutians to Puget

Sound.

Oenggota rgsea (Lovfen, 1846) I think is the same as Oenggota

rgsea (G.O. Sars, 1876), at least the species from the North

Pacific, Bering Sea, and Beaufort Sea is Sars’ species.

OoQgEota sarsii (Verrill, 1880) =» Oenggota rosea (G.O. Sars,
1878)

OgDogota scalaris = Ogngggta turr^cyia

Oengggta tgoyioggtata (G.O. Sars, 1678) or (M. Sars, 1666).
Occurrence: North Atlantic - Arctic - Prince William Sound.

QgDOBota yiriduj,a (0. Fabricius, 1780). Confused with Qj. fidicyia
and other some species. Occurrences Bering Sea - Central
Cal i f orni a.

Ofidiodermeiia cancgiiata = QEdiS^gCSlgiia CdiOgS

QEdiodermel l,a incisa (Carpenter, 1864). Occurrences British
Columbia - California.

laranis strgngi Arnold, 1903. Occurrence: Southeastern Alaska —
Southern California.

PYRAMIDELLIDAE. Another family that needs major work, especially
the Qdgstgmi.a .

Qdoatgmia liyalea). amchitkana Dali ft Bartsch, 1909. Occurrence:
Attu, Aleutian Islands - Forrester Island, Southeastern Alaska,

Qdostgrgia iBtSaycai gveliana Carpenter, 1665. Occurrence: Puget
Sound - Baja California.

Q^2SS.22!ig f gOSiS Dali ft Bartsch, 1910. Occurence:

Cook Inlet, Alaska - Southeastern Alaska.

Q^ 2 SS.gmia iMgDg§tt32l ggstanea (Mttller, 1842). Occurrence: Arctic
Alaska - North Atlantic.

Qd2®t2Mi* l§Yal.ea2. giossini Dali ft Bartsch, 1909. Occurrence:
Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet, Alaska - Southeastern Alaska.

Q^2St2[Di* livaiea). deligigsa Dali ft Bartsch, 1907. Occurrence:
British Columbia - Central California.

Qdostgmia liyaieai hagemeisteri Dali ft Bartsch, 1909. Occurrence:
Hagerneister Island, Eastern Boring Sea.

Q32stgrgia lEyaleal tSSEiSkengia Dali ft Bartsch, 1909. Occurrence:
Kodiak Island, North Gulf Coast, Alaska.

Qd2ll2!2i§ IBffigycgi Bgsg Dali ft Bartsch, 1909. Occurrence; Kodiak
- Prince William sound - Southeastern Alaska.

Qdgstgmia iEyaiea). sitkaensis Clessin, 1900. Occurrence: Sitka,
SE Alaska.

Qd25t2!I}i§ liy.Siggi stgEtlghsae Dali ft Bartsch, 1909. Occurrence:
Cook Inlet, Alaska - British Columbia.

Qd 2 Stgmia iBmayral tgigg Dali ft Bartsch, 1909. Occurrence:
Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet, Alaska - PWS - Puget Sound.

SheUs and Sea Life, 16(7):198

Qd2Si2£2ia liyalggl t i llamggkensis Dali ft
Occurrence: Oregon.

Qdgstgrnia liyaleal yaldezi Dali ft Bartsch, 1907. Occurrence;
Puget Sound - San Diego, California.

Qgs5.C9BtgC2D Eioereum = QastrgEteron Bg2ifi£yi0

BigEbgDg Mioytg (Brown, 1827). Occurrence; Alaska.

Retusa semen Reeve, 1856. Occurrence; Arctic Alaska - Prince
Will iam Sound.

Rstysga umbiligata (Montagu, 1803). Occurrence: Arctic Alaska -
Prince William Sound.

f^ideria al bogaEi 1 losa Dali, 1871. Occurrence: Southeastern
Alaska.

StiliagC dendritica (Alder ft Hancock, 1834). Occurrence:
California - British Columbia.

igCibgilg denticulatus (MacFarland, 1966). Occurrence: South-
-eastern Alaska - California

Qoebidgcis bystcising “ QDgbiboris myciggtg

Anisgdgris Igntigingsa Mi lien, 1982. Occurrence; Cook Inlet,
Alaska - British Columbia.

CgtCiODg DgOg (Alder ft Hancock, 1842). Occurrence: Bering Sea -
North Atlantic.

QytbaOg 22E!2iDQg ICiD£bg®ig E2D£iDt!g

DgfgDig 22!DEg2i§ (Carpenter, 1864). Occurrence; British Columbia
- Baja California.

Valyata mergella = Valyata sincera

Stagincgla arctiga = stagniggla yahiii.

Stagnicgla yahlii (Beck in Mttller, 1842). Occurrence; Freshwater.
0Eig><S gi2DBg£g = 0Eig«g byBQgcyM

BEiena byEDgCyO) (Linnaeus, 1758). Occurrence; Circumboreal

f reshwat er.

Nematgenia ElgtyEgba Heath, 1911. Occurrence: Aleutian Islands.

Qbggtgdecma gcybitym Heath, 1911. Occurrence; Southeastern

AlaskaT

SbagtEdgCMg C2byg£y!!! Heath, 1911. Occurrence; South of Alaska
Peninsula - Prince William Sound.

Bgsgig EggifiEg- Occurrence; Pacific.

BgCCytgylbi® gognychus (Percy ft Voss, 1963). Occurrence; North
Gulf of Alaska.”

Q2ha5.us tinrg. Occurrence: Eastern Bering Sea

§2Dgfe2E5i® b2Eggii® Sasaki, 1923. Occurrence; Aleutian Islands -
Northern California.

SCEbitgytbi® Eciocigs Verrill, 1875. Occurrence: Aleutian Islands
- Bering Sea.

QbiC25.gytbi§ ygcgoyi (Fferussac, 1834). occurrence; Aleutian
Islands.

igiitgytbis gciegig Joubin, 1898. Occurrence: Puget Sound
Aleutian Island.

Baliteuthis beringi.ana Sasaki, 1920. Occurrence: Gulf of Alaska -
Eastern Bering Sea.

Ig2Diy® Egy2 (Lesueur, 1621). Occurrence: Puget Sound —

Southeastern Alaska.

EiSibiyC! bgDOgi sterki, 1916. Occurrence: Pribilof Islands

Eiaidiyifl gblysalg Pfeiffer, 1821. Occurrence: Eurasia

Northwestern North America.

SBbgSDlya! Diiibysp Clessin Iq Westerlund, 1876.

Cjysyig gyirrlEg ~ Bysylg tenuis

baiistia Bg2ifi£g Oall, 1897. Occurrence: Prince William Sound -
Cali fornia.

Mailgtia taigfflg Dall, ISie. occurrence: Bering Sea.

Hallttia truncata Dali, 1908. Occurrence: Southeastern Alaska -
Cal ifornia.

SgtyCiDg bcyhnea (Dall, 1916). Occurrence: Aleutians

Cal ifornia.

SgtyCiDg bgnogniyi (Dall, 1897). occurrence; Eastern Bering Sea -
Cal f iornia.

Hucu^ana llbggt y l.eda), ei<t.gDygta >Dall 1897). Range Dixon ^

Entrance, British Columbia / Southeastern Alaska

316). Qccurrerice: Eastern Bering Sea -

Nyeyiana liaccellal hindsii (Hanley, I860). Occurrence: Nazan
Bay, Southeastern Hlaska - Panama,

Portlandia fraterna (Verrill & Bush, 1898), Occurrence: Bering
Sea - North Canadian Basin.

Voidia IQnesterium). ensifera Dali, 1897. Occurrence: Arctic
Alaska - Central California.

Yoldia IMggygldial montgreyensis Dali, 1893. Occurrence; Cook
Inlet, Alaska - California.

YQidia IMegyoldia) secunda Dali, 1913. Occurrence: Prince William
Sound - Britisn Columbia.

— .i}^ 2 ii.i®l.ia). EgEinei^a (Dali, 1916). Occurrence:
Aleutian Islands - California.

BCEbarH JobDSSni <Dall, 1891): Occurrence: Southeastern Alaska -
California.

igtliyarca raridentata (Wood, 18A0). Occurrence; Beaufort Sea -
North Atlantic.

gmgleconia yaginata (Dali, 1891). Occurrence; Aleutian Islands -
Southeastern Alaska.

Limogsis dalli Lamy, 1912. Occurrence: Gulf of Alaska.

illJEliCOgCiS subobsolgta •= Glycymgris segt ent rigna l.is

Dgecitbiy!" EaEificym Dall, 1916. Occurrence: North Gulf Coast of
Alaska - California

gci'tbceeeaiata (Dall, 1907 ), Cmay = albidal. Occurrence:
Bering Sea - Aleutian Islands.

Qbistsys bgcicis (Gould, 18S0). occurrence: Cook Inlet —

Cal ifornia.

GbiSlByB gseudoislandiea MacNeil, 1967. Occurrence: Chukchi Sea -
North Gulf Coast of Alaska.

Cblamya ByflSieDSis <01droyd, 1920 ) Cmay = hastatal. Occurrence:
Aleutian Islands - Puget Sound.

GblaCOys swifti (Bemardi, 1858). Occurrence: Central Bering Sea -
Japan.

GbiaiSyS yoaigskae WacNeil, 1967 Cmay = behringianal . Occurrence;
Eastern Bering Sea - Aleutian Islands.

Gbia[Dl(s wainwrightensis, MacNeil, 1967. Occurrence: Chukchi Sea.

biDQilgS aiaaobgys = Ehiatoys aiaantea. see Bernard 1983
Catalogue of the Living Bivalvia of the Eastern Pacific
Ocean: Bering Strait to Cape Horn. Canadian Special Publi-

-cation of Fishery and Arctic Science 61. page 25. This
paper is excellent for bivalves and is where many of rny "up-
dates" are from.

GilDg giliBbiag Jeffreys, 1864. Occurrence: North Gulf of Alaska.

PgCyiiaQioa tenuisculgta = Lugina tenuisculgta

Buicaiya aaryei Bernard, 1979. Occurrence: Beaufort Sea, Arcitc.

Kellia lagergysii = Keiiia subgrbiguiaris

Lasaea Eistuia Keen, 1938. Occurrence: British Columbia -
Cal i fornia.

kggaea rubra (Montagu, 1804). Occurrence: British Columbia -
Cal i fornia.

§2Cg§EEi8 vadgsa Bernard, 1979. Occurrence: Beaufort Sea, Arctic.

lyctEDiS EEQidgDtaiiS = lyrtgnia minuta

GcaiSiEgCdig ytSDShS (Willett, 1932 ). occurrence; Aleutian
Islands.

Bstarte EQESQgSlg “ BstgCbS QCgD§b§

Bst»Cte rnirabilis = young of Astarte esggimalti

BstgCt.® ESigCis = BsfegCbg ECgQgte

Bstacfe® yiiiglbi = Bstacb® QCgDsta

ICibEDtg fiiabsvsg = Bstarte ECgDat®

ICitEDig yerniggsa «■ Tridgnta rnontagui

ifilgylg EEi:^Dl^E!§ (Stimpson, I860). Occurrence; Puget Sound -
Beaufort Sea, Arctic Alaska. Does not = S,. sEiib issima.

"Pink— neck clam"

Gail^ES-EEgOa EgeifiEa Dall, 1891. Occurrence; Southeastern Alaska
- California.

ygsiEEEflyS oyaiis (Dall, 1896>. Occurrence; Southeastern Alaska -
Cal i fornia.

EaDEMys Ebcysis Dall, 1909. Occurrence: Beaufort Sea - Prince
William Sound.

gamge^g adamsi (MacGinitie, 1959). Occurrence: Arctic Alaska -
Chukchi Sea.

Pgrgmya beringi.ana (Dall, 1
Northern California

Pgrgmya mal.esginae (Dall, 1916)
Alaska - British Columbia.

Pgrgmya tenuiggngha Dall,
Alaska - California.

SsiiQOCdia glaskana (Dall,
- Ca 1 i fornia.

ESCbiSCSya Eycbs (Jeffreys,
Columbia.

Eysg^dgrj^a fiBEbema Dall,
Alaska - California.

EysBibgcis EbiigDgis Daii
Alaska - Chile

Eysgidaria murrayi (Smith,

Eal.ii.stgEbit.ED EECiEEDiS

Islands.

Occurrence: Northern Gulf of

a.

1913, Occurrence: Northern Gulf of

895). Occurrence: Southeastern Alaska

1882). Occurrence: Arctic - British

1916. Occurrence: Northern Gulf of

Occurrenc

Northern Gulf

1885), Occurrence; Gulf of Alaska.
(Dall, 1908). Occurrence: Aleutj

ISEbDEEbitED giiybi ” Eurjangyiiiia aiiyni (Ferreira, 1977)
IsEbDEEbitED iiyibyg “ EbggtEEigycg gnaistg

lEEbDEEbitSD tCifidus = Irigggiax trifidus

ilEDEsernus abyssiggla A. G. Smith & Cowan, 1966. Occuri
Northern Gulf of Alaska - Northern California.

UgBibEEbitEDg aigytiEg = SSEDQiECgdsia aieutiga

UgBibEEbitEDg fgCDglbi Eemisse, 1984. Occurrence; Puget Sound.
E®Bib2EbiiSDg flgEtEDg = igsiiigghitgn figgtens
LgEidoEbitEDg gbgCBii “ StEDEgglcyg gibyg

LSEibEEbitED tbEE'agi (Pilsbry, 1898). Occurrence: Puget Sound.

biEbiQbitED 9 C§Dbisgina Birenko, 1975. Ocurrence: Aleutian
Islands - Western Bering Sea.

iEbi22Bis>< DjyltiEElEC “ SEbi39Big>s bcgDbtii

lEDigelia saggharina = Jyyeraghitgn saggharina

TgniEElig Eitkensis = Legidgghitgna dentiens

EbggtSEigyCg aglStOg- Author might be Carpenter MS in Dall, 1897?

Msealis wossenssenskii ( M i ddendor f f , 1847). Appears to be a valid

species. Occurrence: Kacnernak Bay, Alaska — British Columbia

Rae Baxter, Box 96, Bethel, AK 99559

Ki" 275.— Chiliiia Pnel-
°ha , (l'0i bii:ny. Du
Rio Nesfo (d Oibigny).

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Shells and Sea Life, 16(7):199

Living Clocksprings, part 2.

Chris inert, 2 Tern Place, Semaphore Park, S. Australia 5019.

Although there was a great deal of interest in Natural History at
the turn of the century, and several scientists had observed that
certain gastropods use their shells as tensile springs to pry open
cockles (i.e. Francois 1890, Colton 1908, Warren 1916 and Cope-
land 1918), the idea that molluscan shells coil in optimally strong
elastic-spring shapes had not really been taken seriously.

Theodor Andrea Cook (1914) drew an analogy between the coils
of a turbinate seashell spire and those of "a conical watchspring
. . . formed ... by lifting up the centre of the coil and fastening
its longer outside whorl to the table” , yet he still felt obliged to
apologise for this analogy commenting that "mathematics is an ab-
stract science and I have only entered upon this enquiry at all
because it suggests so many questions to which the specialist has
as yet provided no reply".

We have seen, however, that the watchsprings first mentioned by
Cook, in 1914, pe not transcendent metaphysical ANALOGIES .

The whelk studies of Colton (1908) clearly show the watchsprings
to be pertinent scientific EXPLANATIONS of one of the molluscan
shell's primary functions; the optimal dissipation of stresses un-
avoidably inflicted on it during the normal course of life. The
whelks and murexes mentioned in the first part of this article,
and the helmet shell shown in Figure 3 (opposite) , demonstrate
that at least some shells do not merely resemble tensile springs,
they actually function like them.

The gastropod's soft body, coiled about the shell columeUa, is able
to rotate the shell about its axis (like a hand twirling the winding
spindle of a spiral spring) causing the (often strengthened) shell
aperture to force bivalves apart , or to bulldoze sea-urchin spines
out of the way, thus facilitating feeding.

This is perhaps a little more obvious in the case of the South Aus-
tralian helmet, Cassis fimbriata, because it is larger than the
previously discussed whelks and murexes. It even has a thicken-
ed apertural vanx so that it can bulldoze the sea-urchin spines
without fracturing. As early as 1974, I observed similar varices
at earlier stages of helmet-shell ontogeny and concluded that
these molluscs, like their triformis murex counterparts, increase
their shells by a whole 240 degree segment during the course of
infrequent but rapid periods of growth. Only when the whole
segment is completed can the gastropod then feed. More recently

it has been commented by Linsley (1977) that "the growth of
shells from the families Cassidae, Cymatiidae , Bursidae and Mur-
icidae ...is not a continuous event, but occurs in abrupt episod-
es. During these growth spurts the animal may he very vulner-
able . . . The growth of Cassis apparently represents the most
rapid deposition of aragonite to be found in the phylum mollusca".

My aquarium and scuba studies, in the mid 1970's, revealed the
feeding habits of the South Australian helmet and the role play-
ed by its apertural varix during feeding. I reported in Of Sea
& Shore (1980) that the thickened apertural varices protected
the shell body-whorl from the destructive breakages that Nielsen
observed in his European whelks. The helmet is an excellent
example of a living "clockspring" in action. The only weakness
being that a particularly energetic urchin can sometimes maneuv-
er a spine or two under the helmet's shell-aperture, in an attempt
to poke the gastropod's soft body hear its aU-important siphonal

Figure 3. The South Australian helmet. Cassis fimbriata, using
its thickened apertural varix to bulldoze sea-urchin spines out of
the way during feeding (after Chris Illert 1973, 1976, 1980). It
winds its shell like a tensile clockspring in order to bring pres-
sure to bear.

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Shells and Sea Life, 16(7):200