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MAF " ^ -^SG

SILVA CAPENSIS

A DESCRIPTION

SOUTH AFEICAN FOREST TREES

AND

AEBORESCENT SHRUBS,

USED FOR

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL PURPOSES

BY

L. EAPPE, M.D.,

COLONIAL BOTANIST AND PROrESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE SOUTH
AFRICAN COLLEGE.

Second, revised, and enlarged Edition.

Trado, quae potui.

LONDON: WARD & CO., 27, PATERNOSTER ROW;
CAPE TOWN: W. BRITTAIN.

18G2.

t5\3^

4-a2,?,o

TO HIS EXCELLENCY

PHILIP BDMOND WODEHOUSE, ESQ.,

GOVERNOR AND COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE COLONY OF THE
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE,

HER MAJESTY'S HIGH COMMISSIONER.
THIS CONTRIBUTION TO SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMIC BOTANY

IS
WITH HIS excellency's PERMISSION

MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED

THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

The first edition of the Silva Capensis appeared in 1854, as a
Commentary to a Collection of South -African indigenous woods, trans-
mitted by the Government to the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1855.
Since then, I obtained fresh valuable information on the subject, and
made many additions.

Anticipating that the Cape of Good Hope would, like other British
Colonies, be represented at the great London International Show of
1862, and wishing to contribute my share towards it, I at an early date
repaired to the Eastern Province and British Caffraria, with the
intention, of making myself personally acquainted with the many natural
resources which these tine and fertile regions afford.

Among them the extensive and hitherto but little appreciated
primeval forests, with which that part of the country abounds, attracted
my particular attention. I therefore visited many of them, and by pro-
curing specimens from each, succeeded in bringing "together the most
complete collection of South African woods ever yet made.

This collection, the specimens of which are handsomely prepared and
scientifically named, comprises a series of about seventy specjes, and
many of these are serviceable either as timber, or as yielding suitable,
material for ornamental and common furniture, veneering, the construc-
tion of bridges and mills, railway purposes, turnery, wagon making,
the manufacture of rural utensils, tools, musical instruments, carving,
wood-engraving &c.

The Cape Colony having unhappily remained unrepresented at the
present occasion, this collection will now, by His Excellency the
Governor's decision, be presented to the Museum of Economic Botany
of the Royal Gardens of Kew, and its description forms the contents of
the following pages.

In several passages of this little work, the reader will meet with
observations on the wanton usage, annually exercised in the Colony, of
setting fire to the mountains and bushes, — an injurious practice, which
in one sweep destroys large quantities of valuable timber and useful
woods. The most awful consequences must necessarily attend such
outrageous conduct, it being universally admitted, that forests and
woods attract and increase moisture, produce rain, and give rise to
springs and running streams, while tracts deprived of vegetation become
heated, barren, and dry.

I beg, in conclusion, to tender ray most sincere thanks to the numerous
Eastern Province friends, who by advice, information, and actual aid,
promoted my aim, and enabled me to accomplish the task I had pro-
posed to myself.

L. P.

Cape Town, June 12th, 1S62.

AN ENUMERATION

OF

SOUTH AFRICAN TREES

AND

ARBORESCENT SHRUBS.

CAPPARIDEiE. Juss,

1. Niehuhria Triphylla. Wend. (Withosch-hout.) — Bran-
ches divaricating ; twigs angular. Leaves stalked, ternate, lea-
thery ; leaflets oblong, entire, mucronate, smooth, pale on the
lower surface ; stipules very small, acute. Flowers peduncled,
terminal, or axillary. Corolla none. Calyx funnel-shaped, 4
parted, persistent. Recejjtacle cylindrical short. Stamens nu-
merous, affixed to the receptacle ; anthers ovate, 2 locular. Style
elongated : stigma capitate. Berry ovate.

Height 20 feet; diameter from 9 to 15 inches. Bark greenish-white,
almost smooth. Wood white, light, tough, resembling ivhitebeech. Well
adapted for the inner lining of furniture, fellies, agricultural imple-
ments, &c.

This handsome tree grows in the Addow Bush, and in the forests of
the Uitenhage and Albany districts, Caffraria and Natal. Fl. Oc-
tober.

2. Capparis Alhitrunca. Burch. (Witgatboom.) — Branches
unarmed, spreading. Leaves coriaceous, lineari-elliptic, blunt,
attenuate at base, entire, smooth ; glaucous below. Flowers
small, racemose. Racemes few-flowered, axillary, shorter than
the leaves. Calyx 4 cleft ; petals 4 ; stamens numerous. Fruity
a berry.

The trunk of this tree appears from a distance as white-washed, and
hence its vernacular name. Height of stem from 10 to 12 feet : dia-
meter from 9 to 10 inches. Bark^ thick, smooth, pure white. Wood
white, tough, used for yokes, and other ceconomical purposes.

Grows in the woods near Sunday River and other parts of the Eas-
tern Province. Fl. October— November.

B

BIXACE^. Endl.

3. Plioheros Muncltii. W. Arnott. (Eriudaphus Nees. ab. E.)
(^Klipdoorn, Michell-wood) — Branches spreading, twigs com-
pressed ; the young shoots from the root, thorny. Leaves
coriaceous, rhomboid-elliptical, acute, bluntly toothed, veined,
glossy above ; racemes axillary 4-6 flowered. Perianth 10 cleft ;
its bottom clothed with dense, cushion-like hairs. Flowers small,
white; stamens in many rows, numerous; anthers beaked; style
thick. Fruit baccate, roundish.

Heiglit between 20 and 30 feet, diameter 3 feet and more. Bark thin,
gi'ey. AVood hard, close, and highly useful for builders, and especially
for wagonmakers

Found in the aboriginal forests of the Tzitsikamma, Kny^-na, and
also, but sparingly, on the east side of Table Mountain, in Kirstenbosch.
Fl. Api-il— May.

4. Phoheros Ecklonii. W. Arnott. (Eriudaphus Nees. ab. E.)
(Redpear, Itoodpeer.) — Branches divaricating ; twigs com-
pressed. Leaves broad, alternate, leathery, rhomboid-lanceolate,
acute, indistinctly dentate, smooth, glaucous. Racemes axillary,
simple, shorter than the leaves. Perianth, flowers and fruit, as in
the former species.

A forest tree 30 to 35 feet high and 2 to 3 feet in diameter. Bark
black, chinky. Wood hard, heavy, close ; takes a fine polish, and
answers well for all kinds of furniture. In the Colony it is mostly used
by wbeel-wrights for axles, fellies, and spokes, and would suit well in
the construction of mills.

This tree is common in the primeval thickets of the Victoria district,
and flowers in May.

5. Phoheros Zeyheri. W. Arnott. (Wolfs-thorn; Hoender-
sjjoor) — Bi^anches ash-coloured, very spiny, Zeat'es alternate, short-
stalked, leathery, rhomboid-ovate or roundish-ovate, blunt, entire
and slightly wavy, netted-veined, smooth, dull green. Flowers
racemose, small; racemes terminal and axillary 8-12 flowered,
clothed with dense short hairs. Berry 4 seeded small, crowned
with the persistent style.

A tree 15-25 feet high and from 1 to 2 broad. Spines very strong,
horizuntally diverging, and from one to four inches long. BarTi thin,
grey, smooth. Wood hard and heavy, like that of the preceding species,
and useful for the same purposes

Grows in the forests of the Van Staden's River and Olifantshoek.
Flor. Jun — Jul.

6. Bovyalis rhamnoides. Harv. (Flacourtia rhamnoides.
Burch.) — Branches white, armed with patent, axillary, horizontal
spines. Leaves on short stalks^ alternate membranaceous, ovate,

entire or slightly dentate, veined, triplinerved at base, smooth.
Flowers dioecious, axillary ; male ones fascicled, female ones
solitary. Peria7ith 5 fid, tomentose. Corolla none ; stamens
18-20 ; styles 2 ; stigmas truncate. Fmiit an ovate berry.

This tree attains a height of from 20 to 30, and a breadth of 2 or 3
feet. Stem knotty ; bark greyish-white. Wood citron-yellow, close,
hard, and chiefly used for yokes, various wagonvvork, and rural im-
plements.

The fruit Zuurhesje, Cranberries, which has a sourish taste, is eaten
by the natives, and brandy and vinegar have been distilled from it.

Common in the woods of the Krakakamma, Tzitsikamma, Olifants-
hoek, and Van Stadcns Mountains. Fl. May — June.

7. Kiggelaria Africana. Lin. (Spekhout; Pork-wood.) —
Branches erect; twigs purplish, more or less downy. Leaves
stalked, lanceolate, unequally serrate, smooth above, downy
beneath. Flowers white, dioecious ; male ones small, racemose,
nodding : female ones much larger, solitary, stalked, erect, axil-
lary. (7(flZ?/^ 5 cleft ; stamens 10-12; aiithers hairy, perforated
at top ; 'petals 5, glanduliferous at base ; styles 5. Capsule
globose, scabrid, one-celled, many-seeded.

Height of trunk 20 to 25 feet ; diameter one foot and a half to two
feet. Wood soft, spongy. Used occasionally for spars, rafters, rural
implements, and fuel.

Common about Cape Town, Wynberg, &c. Fl. November.

TILIACE^. Juss.

8. Grewia Occidentalis. Lin. (Kruysbesje.) — Shrubby.
Leaves alternate, ovate, blunt, smooth ; peduncles solitary, one-
flowered. Calyx 5 cleft deciduous, coloured within ; stamens
numerous ; anthers roundish ; style 1 ; stigma 4 lobed. Petals
5, bright-purple. Drupe 4 lobed, fleshy ; lobes 2 locular, 2
seeded.

This shrub climbs 10 to 12 feet high, but is little more than 3 inches
in diameter. Stem and branches very like those of the small leaved
Elm. Bark smooth. The wood is very tough and bends extremely
well. Being of fine grain, the larger pieces answer for turner's work.
From this species, and from the Grewia Obtusifolia. Willd. & G Jlava
DC, the Bushmen make their bows. The fruit are eaten by them and
other savages.

Common near Cape Town and in many parts of the Colony. Fl.
January — February.

OLACINE^. MiRB.

9 Apodytes dimediata. E. Meyer— Branches grey, spreading,
twigs angular; furrowed. Leaves alternate; stalked, ovate or

ovate-oblong, entire, revolute, blunt, penninerved, leathery, wedge-
shaped, and often oblique at base, smooth, shining on the upper,
and pale on the lower surface. Flowers small, white, panicled ;
panicles terminal, much branched; ^?e^i^?ic/e5 and y^eJice/s strigose ;
hi^acts minute. Calyx 4-5 toothed, free. Petals 4-5, smooth.
Stamens 5 ; style 1 . FruH one celled, kidney-shaped, compressed,
unequal-sided, with a lateral fleshy appendage. Linn. Transact.
vol. 18. tab. 41.

A tree 30-50 feet high and from one to two or more, in diameter.
Bark thick, rough, chlnky, greyish-white. W^ori light, yellowish, looks
well when polished, and is used for common furniture, and agricultural
implements.

Common in the forests of George, Uitenhage, Albany, British CafFraria,
and Natal. Fl. Decemb. and Januar.

SAPINDACE^. Juss.

10. Sckmidelia decipiens. W. Arnott. (Rhus spicata. Thbg)
— Branches smooth, spreading; hranchlets white, and as well as the
leaf and flower-stalks, downy. Leaves 3 foliate, alternate, leathery ;
Leajlets sessile, obovate or lanceolate-oblong, narrowed at base,
grossly and bluntly toothed upon the upper half, revolute at the
margins, smooth, pale below, bearded in the axils of the veins.
-FZoryers spiked, minute, subracemose, pedicellate. Spikes as long or
somewhat shorter than the leaves ; jiowerstalks axillary, slender.
Calyx 4 cleft, concave ; Petals 4 white, Jllaments hairy, style 2
fld. Fruit globose, of the size of a pepper-corn.

A small tree 10 to 15 feet high ; 6 to 10 inches broad. Bark thin,
white, knotty. Wood hard, fine grained, useful for turners and fancy
cabinet-makers, and looks very handsome when polislied.

Not uncommon in the woods of the Knysna, Uitenhage, Albany, and
CafFraria. Fl. Jan.

11. 8apindus Pappea. Sond. (wilde Priiime; wild Plum-
tree.) Pj'anc/tes and ^w?^.s spreading. X(?«re.s- alternate, ovate, or
oblong, unequal at base, smooth, blunt, coriaceous, veiny, slightly
rolled back at the margin. Cali/x 5 fid; petals 4-6, bearded
inside. Sta77iens S -10 ; Jilam en ts shaggy; style 1; stigma sub-
trifid. Flowers small, lacemose with separate sexes by abortion.
Fruit 3 capsular, drupaceous, fleshy, globose, downy. Hook
Jcon. t 325.

A moderate sized tree or shrub Height 15 to 20, diameter 1, to 1^ feet.
.BarA, greyish-white, cracked. TToo^ handsome, hard and tough, and
used for furniture, yokes, poles, ploughs, etc. Fruit red, of a pleasant
taste ; called wild plum by the Colonists, and f Kaamshesje by the
Natives. It furnishes a vinous beverage and very good vinegar, and
its kernel contains an oil, which, though eatable, is slightly purgative.

The presence of this tree is considered as a criterion of excellent
pasturage fur wool-bearing flocks.

Abund;int in many parts of the eastern districts of the Colony, and
in CafFraria. Fl. November.

12. Ilrppohromus (data. Echl. ^ Zeyh — Branches grey,
smooth, sj)readiri^; twifjs downy, l/eave.s stiilkcd, pari-pinnate
3 — 5 yoked ; rachis of the stalk win^^ed, tomentose. Leaflets
sub-opposite or alternate, sessile, obovate, blunt, reflexed at the
raart^in, unequal-sided and wed^o-shaped at base, penninerved,
more or less bluntly notched in the upper half, leathery, smooth
shining above, pale below. Flowers dioico polygamous, panicled.
Panicles axillary, short-stalked ; stalks tomentose, much shorter
than the leaves. Calyx 5 partite, unequal, persistent, silky.
Petals 5 obovate, smooth. Stamens in male flower 8, exscrted ;
anthers oblong. Ovary in female flower 3 celled ; style short,
thick; stiyma pin headed, 3 fid. Drupe small, fleshy 1 — 3 seeded.

A middle-sized, resin yielding tree, 15 — 20 feet high, and from 1, to
1^ wide. Bark pale, yellowish-green. Wood close and useful for
planking, wagon-work, and rural purposes; called Paardepis by the
Dutch colonists, on account of its peculiar smell.

Common in the forests of the Eastern Province and CafFraria. Fl.
Jul. — Aug,

PTiEROXYLE^. Sond.

13. Ptceroxylon Utile. Echl. ^ Z. (Nieshout ; Sneezewood.)
— Stern smooth; branches nodous. Leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets
in 6-7 pairs, coriaceous, entire, irregularly sided. Flojcers dioecious,
axillary, racemose, placed at the extremities of the branches, and
between the leaves. Calyx 4 parted, p)etals 4, stamens 4; filaments
smooth. Styles 2, stigmas capitate. Capsule 2 celled, 2 seeded,
compressed; seeds winged, Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 17.

A tree, from 20 to 30 feet in height, and 2-4 feet in diameter. The
leaves have some resemblance to those of Acer pseudoplatauus. The
wood is handsome, takes a fine polish, is strong, durable,;;and somewhat
like Mahogany. It is used for various kinds of furniture and agricultural
utensils Being little aiFccted by moistiwe, it serves as a desirable
material in the construction of bridges and mills. From the fact of its
producing violent sneezing when sawn or otherwise worked at, it has
received the name o^ Sneeze-wood. It is also said to ignite readily, even
in its green state, and is the Orntata of the Kafirs.

Common in the forests of the eastern districts. Fl. October.

MELIACE^. Juss.

14. Trichilia Echeheryia. E. Meyer. — Branches gi-eyish-
white; hranchlets knotty. Leaves unequally-})innate, 3—5 yoked,
membranous, crowded at the toj) of tlie branchct*; leafstalks flat;

6

leaflets opposite, except the terminal, stalked-one, nearly sessile,
ovate or ovate-oblong, penninerved, acute, oblique at base, per-
fectly smooth. Flowers paniculate, jmnicles slender, axillary ;
pedicels compressed ; branches of the panicles loosely cymose.
Calyx bell-shaped, 4 — 5 cleft ; sepals sharp-pointed ; petals
oblong. Stamens united into an undivided, cylindrical anther-
bearing tube. Anthers 8 — 10. Style smooth ; stigma thick,
obscurely lobed. Fruit, a capsule, unknown. (^Sonder.)

A tree 15—25 feet high, 1 or 2 wide. Bark reddish-brown.

Wood soft, white and of little value.

Grows iu the forests of the Tzitsikamma, Olifantshoek, and Natal. Fl.
November.

15. Eckehergia Capensis. Sparrm. (Fssenliout; Cape Ash.)
— Branches alternate, scarred, smooth, spreading. Leaves placed
at the tops of the branches, aggregate, imparipinnate ; leaflets in
4-5 pairs, oblong, entire, glabrous, pointed at both ends, unequally
sided. Calyx 4 fid; ijetals 4; stamens very short, with anthers
sessile, within the tube; stigma capitate. Flowers axillary and
terminal, paniculate. Berry round, 5 seeded.

A lofty tree, 20 to 30 feet, or more, in height ; 2 to 3 feet in diameter.
Bark grey. Wood white, tough, and close. Useful timber for beams,
planks, spars, carriage-poles, etc., and employed for all kinds of wagon
work, and iu the manufacture of many implements, tools, &c

Found in the primeval forests of the George, Uitenhage, Albany, and
Victoria districts. Fl. August.

DIOSME^. R. Br.

16. Calodendron Capense. Thhg. {Wilde Kastanie ; wild
Chesnut.) — Branches and twigs divaricating. Leaves stalked,
opposite, simple, entire, ovate, obtuse, ribbed, crossed at right
angles. Flowers terminal on short, shaggy peduncles ; pani-
culated. Calyx deciduous, 5 cleft ; petals glanduliferous. Stamens
10 ; style 1. Capsule 5 angled, 5 celled ; cells 2 seeded.

Height 20 to 30 feet, diameter 2 to 3 feet. Ba?'k smooth, whitish-grey.
Wood soft, white, and little used, except for rural utensils, yokes, poles.
&c. Its inflorescence somewhat resembles that of the Horse-Chesnut
(Aesculus Hippocastanuni), and hence its colonial name. Like most
plants belonging to the family of the Diosmece, the flowers diflfuse a very
strong, but pleasant odour

This fine tree grows in the forests of the Swellendam, George, Uiten-
hage, and Albany districts, Brit. Cafii-aria, &c. Fl. December — January.

AURANTIACE^. CORR.

17. Myarisin(Bqiialis. Presl. Branches ^' hranchlets round,
greyish-white. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets stalked, alternate,

ovate, unequal-sided, irregularly notched, sprinkled with minute,
transparent dots, smooth ; pedtmdes and young twigs somewhat
downy. Flowers paniculate, few-flowered. Panicles axillary.
Calyx minute, 4 cleft. Petals 4 concave, white. Stamens 8
equally as long as the petals. Style deciduous, short. Berry
fleshy, as large as a pea.

A shrub or small tree 10-20 feet high, aQd from 6-8 inches broad.
Bark thin, smooth. Wood white, close-grained, heavy, but hitherto
little used.

In the forests of George, Uitenhage, Albany and British Caffraria.
Fl. Octob.

XANTHOXYLE^. Nees ab. E.

18. XantJwxylon Capense. Haw. (Fagara Thbg.) (Knobwood,
Knopjes-doorri', Paardepram.^ — Branches compressed, flexuose,
wrinkled, prickly. Prickles flat, sharp pointed. Leaves alternate,
impari-pinnate ; leaflets oblique, ovate, blunt, sessile, smooth,
slightly crenate, sprinkled with glandular dots. Calyx 4 cleft;
petals 4 J stamens 6-8, alternately shortened ; fllaments broad at
base ; anthers large ; style 3 lobed. Flowers white, small, pani-
culated. Capsule 2 valved, one seeded, dotted ; seeds black,
shining^.

The bark of the trunk of this tree is studded with numerous large,
conical, nipple-like protuberances, which afford a very curious aspect.
Height from 15 to 20 feet ; diameter from 10 inches to one foot and a
half TToo^ yellow, hard, and close, and used in the manufacture of
many kinds of domestic utensils, yokes, axles, tools, &c.

The fruit is known to the Colonists as the ivild Cardamom, and, on
account of its aromatic qualities, prescribed for flatulency and paralysis.

Found in the bush near Mossel Bay, in the forests of the district of
George and also in those of Uitenhage and Albany. Fl. July— August.

19. Vepj^is lanceolata. A, Juss. (Boscia Thbg.) (Wit
Yzerhout ; White Ironwood?) — Branches rugose, spreading.
Leaves alternate, stalked, trifoliate ; leaflets sessile, elliptical,
entire, blunt or pointed, veined, wavy, perfectly smooth. Flowers
unisexual, small, terminal, panicled. Calyx short 4 fid; corolla
4 petalous; petals narrow, linear; stamens 4, shorter than the
petals ; styles 3 ; stigmas 3 persistent ; capsule dotted, 4 celled,
4 seeded.

Height 20 feet ; diameter 2 feet and more. Bark thin, whitish-grey,
smooth. Wood white, hard, very tough. Used chiefly for ploughs,
axles, or other wagonwood. Called Omngumasivile by the Kafirs.
Grows in the primeval woods of the Tzitsikamma, Krakakamma, British
Caff"raria, &c. Fl. October— November.

OCHNACEtE. d. c.

20. Ochna Arhorea. Burch. (Redwood; Roodhout.) —
Branches smooth, spreading. Leaves alternate, glossy, pen-
ninerved, oval, slightly serrate. Flowers subracemose, or often
solitary. Ca/?/^ 5 parted, deciduous ; petals 5, yellow; stamens
numerous, shorter than the petals ; filaments slender ; anthers
linear, opening by pores ; style 5-10 fid. Berry one-celled, one
seeded.

Height of stem 20 to 30 ; diameter 1^ to 2 feet. Bark reddish brown,
smooth. Wood of a red tint, hard, heavy, and tough. Well suited for
all kinds of furniture, but chiefly used for wagon poles, tools, triggers,
axe-handles, &c.

In the forests of Oliphant's Hoek, Salem, Katriver, Caffraria, Adow
(Uitenhage). Fl. September— October.

CELASTRINE^. R. Br.

21. Celastrus Acuminatus. Lin. {Silkhark ; Zyhast.) —
Branches unarmed, twigs angular, compressed. Leaves stalked,
oblong, lanceolate, taper-pointed, serrate, veiny, smooth. Flow-
ers 2—4, small, nodding, axillary on short pedicels.

A forest tree. Height 12 to 15 feet; diametej 7 to 12 inches. Bark
thin, whitish-grey, not thorny. Has this peculiarity along with the
leaves, tiiat when broken, they show numerous fine white, silk-like
threads, and hence the name of Zyhast, or Silk-hark. lFbo<^ of a fine
grain, heavy, and hard. When polished it displays beautiful shades.
To the joiner it furnishes a splendid material for fancy work; by the
turner it will be found very serviceable for wooden screws, &c., as also
by the manufacturer of musical instruments. lu the colony it has
hitherto chiefly been used by wheelwrights. This tree grows best in
rocky situations beneath other trees, and is found in many parts of the
colony, even in the very vicinity of Cape Town, at Kirstenbosch, on the
eastern side of Table Mountain. It is harder and tougher than the
Europeon Yoke-elm. Fl. February — March.

22. Celastrus undatus. Thbg, (Koko-tree.) — Branches round;
twigs flexuose, compressed, angular. Leaves alternate, short-
stalked, obovate or rhomboid-ovate, wedge-shaped and unequal
at base, mostly blunt, wavy, and obtusely sawed at the margins,
leathery, netted-veined, shining on the upper, pale on the lower
surface. Flowers stalked, small, axillary. Capsule 3 angular,
three celled.

A tree 20-25 feet high and 1, to 1^ in diameter. Bark smooth, grey,
thin. Wood hard, close-grained, very heavy, resembling white -pear,
and chiefly used in the construction of wagons or for farming implements.

Common in the forests of the Uitenhage and Albany districts, as well
as those in the Amatola mountains. Fl. May.

23. Celastnis Bux if alius. Lin. {Cape-Box)— Branches diudi
branchlets compressed or angular, flexuose, usually spiny. Leaves
alternate, tufted, tapering into a petiole, obovate-oblong, blunt or
emarginate, crenate, very veiny, unequal at base, nearFy leathery,
smooth. Spines ash coloured, patent, strong, mostly naked but
occasionally leafy, seldom flower-bearing, and from 1 to 6 inches
long. Howers axillary, paniculate, white ; Panicles many-
flowered, cymose, stalked, as long or shorter as the leaves. Capsule
roundish, of the size of a pea,

A variable shrub or small tree, 8-12 feet high and from 6-8 inches in
breadth. Ba?^k thin, greyish-white. TFbocZ yellowish, very close, hard
and heavy, resembling Boxwood^ and fit for the manufacture of musical
instruments, wood-eiigraviug, and all purposes for which Box is
commonly used.

Grows in the bushes and woods in many parts of the Colony, from
Cape Town to Caffraria. Fi. Octob.— December.

24. PterocelastrusTricuspidatus. Sond. {Spekhoom,') — Branches
erect, rough ; twixjs angular. Leaves crowded, obovate, blunt or
slightly emarginate at apex, cuneate and narrowed at base,
smooth, entire, obscurely veined, often unequal-sided, leathery.
tlomers cymose, axillary, minute, white. Capsule cartilaginous,
3 valved, 3 winged.

Stem 8— 10 feet high ; 5 — 10 inches in diameter. Wood i^oit, light.
Used for making charcoal; also as fuel.

Common on the sides of Table Mountain, in the Swellendam district,
and elsewhere. Fl. Octob.

25. Pterocelastrus Variabilis. Sond. {Cherry-wood; Ker-
sehout) — Branches erect; upper branchlets forked. Zeat-e^ short-
stalked, alternate, obovate-oblong or oval, blunt, sometimes
emarginate, more or less veined, narrowed at base, quite entire,
leathery, smooth. Flowers stalked, panicled, axillary, minute,
white. Panicles cymose, many-flowered, spreading, shorter than
the leaves. Capsule 3 winged, wings horny, ovate, its lobes either
blunt, pointed, or torn.

A tree 20-25 feet high, and from 1, to 1| or more broad. Bark thin,
even, dark grey. Wood reddish, line-grained, hard, heavy, and hand-
somely veined. It would answer well for turner}^ cabinet-making and
other purposes, and might be fairly tried for railway works.

Common in the forests throughout a great portion of the Colony, from
Swellendam to British Caffraria. Fl. October.

26. Pterocelastrus Rostratus, WaljJ. {White Pear , Witpeer.)
— Branches and twigs erect, purplish, angular, spreading. Leaves
stalked, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or bluntly pointed,
reflexed at the margins, entire, leathery, smooth. Flowers white,
paniculated. Panicles long-stalked, axillary, dichotomously

c

10

branched, many-flowered. Capsule 3 valved, armed with 4 to 6
horn-like wings.

Height from 20 to 25 ; diameter from one to two feet. Bark whitish-
grey. H ood heavy, strong, greatly resembling pear or apple tree. By
the colonists it is generally used for wagonwork, and particularly fur
fellies.

Grows chiefly in the forests of the Swellendam and Uitenhage districts,
but is also found on elevated rocky places in the woods on the eastern
side of Table Mountain. Fl. September—October.

27. Hartogm Capensis. Thhg. (Smalblad, Lejyelhout ; Ladle-
wood.)— Branches decussate, patent; ^»t"?^5 slender, erect. Leaves
opposite, oblong, coriaceous, crenato serrate, blunt, eraarginate,
smooth. Flowers smdiWy axillary, paniculated, nodding. Drupe
juiceless, ovate, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Thbg. Prodr. Plant. Cap.
1. tab. 3.

Height from 12 to 15; diameter from 1, to 1^ feet. Bark thin,
greyish-white, more or less wrinkled. T'F6>o<^ hard, tine grained, close,
and tough. It is adapted for all kinds of fancy furniture, and invaluable
to the cabinetmaker for veneering. Turners al-o and instrument-
makers will find it well adcipied for the manufacture of the articles of
their trade. In the interior it serves for the construction of wagons
and rural utensils.

This tree is found in the woods of the districts of Swellendam and
Caledon, where it is known by the name of Lepelhout (Ladlewood).
and in the bu.>hy iavines on the eastern side of Table Mountain. Fl.
January — February.

28. Maurocenia Capensis. Sond. (^Hottentot Cherry; Aas-
vogel-hesjes.) — Branches Y\g\d) twigs purplish, 4 angular. Leaves
subsessiie, opposite, suborbicular or obovate, blunt, somewhat
emarginate, revolute, entire, coriaceous, smooth, shining. Flow-
ers small, white ; Jlower-stalks axillary, short, crowded. Calyx
fringed; petals toothed Drupe elliptical, juicy, 3 celled, 1-3
seeded. Hook. Icon. Plantar, t, 552.

Shrubby. Usual height of stem 6 8 feet; diameter 3 to 4 irches
Bark grey, very craggy. Wood fine, pretty hard, and tough. It lO' ks
well when polished, being ytllow Avitli brownish veins. It is very fit
for the manufacture of musical instruments. The fruit is eaten by the
natives.

In the bushy ravines of Table Mountain, Hottentot Holland, and
elsewhere. Fl. July.

29. Cassine Capensis. Lin. (Ladle-7vood. Lepelhout ) —
Branches and twigs angular, erect, patent, purplish. Leaves
opposite, stalked, ovate, sawed at the margin, entire at base ;
obtuse, rigid, smooth. Flowers ^m?i\\, white. Peduncles axillary,
paniculate. Panicles dichotomous or trichotomous. Drupe nearly
round, purple.

11

Height from 8 to 10 feet; diameter 8 to 12 iuches. Bark grey, smooth.
Wood hard, tough, and, when varnished, extremely handsome It
furnishes tlie cabinetmaker with a superior material for all kinds of
fancy work, and has proved itself useful to the Avheelwright.

This tree grows in the forests along the eastern side of Table and
Devil's Mountain, in Hout B;iy, also in the districts of Uitenhage,
Clanwilliam, and other parts of the colony. Fl. April— May.

30. ElcBodendron Croceum. D. C. {Ilex crocea. Thhc).
Crocoxyloji excehum. Eckh tj' Z.) (Saffronivood ; Safframi-
hout.) — Branches much spreading. Leaves opposite, stalked,
leathery, rigid, veined, smooth, prickly at the margins. Flowers
small, paniculated, axillary. Drupe ]\x\cQ\e^s, 4-celled.

Lofty, 20 to 40 feet high, and 2 to 4 feet in diameter. Bark whitish,
covered all over with a resinous crust of a gainhoge yellow colour, which
makes this tree easilj^ known from all others, and which led probably
to its vernacular name of S(/Jfronwood This wood, which is fine
grained, hard, close, and tough, is very useful to the builder in the shape
of beams and planks, and to the cabinet-maker serves extremely well
for fables, chairs, wardrobes, and for all kinds of furniture. Butter
casks are likewise made of it, and wheelwrights use it for fellies and
general wagonwork. The bark also is good f >r tanning and dyeing.

In the aboriginal forests of the Knysna, Krakakamma, Kat Kiver,
and in various parts of CafFraria. Fl. June — July.

31. Mystroxylon Kuhu. EcJd. and Zeyh. — Branches ash-
coloured, spreading; Z-^oi^e^ alternate, short-stalked, oval, notched
at apex, crenate and calloso-serrate at the margins, veined on
both sides, leathery, perfectly smooth. Flowers small, stalked,
axillary, umbellate; wmZ?e/.s few-flowered. Ca/?/jJ minute. 5 lobed ;
petals 6 rounded, narrowed at ]>ase. Stamens 5, shorter than the
corolla. Style shovt, 5%??i6^ indistinctly 2 lobed. JDnqje globose,
rose-red of the size of a large pea.

A much branched tree, 20 to 25 feet high, and 1, to 1^ broad. Bark
grey, rough. Wood close-grained, hard, strong, compact, tough ; servicea-
ble for fellies, other wagouwork, rural utensils, etc. Fruit edible, sweet;
known as Koo-boo-besyes.

Common in the forests of Olifants Hoek, Tzitsikamma, Krakakamma,
etc. Fl. Octob-Nov.

32. Scytophyllum Lauriniim. Echl. Sj" Zeyh. — Branches and
hranchlets angular, erect, purplish. Leaves alternate, nearly
sessile, narrowed at base, ovate-oblong, blunt or emarginate,
subre volute, obscurely veined, entire, coriaceous, smooth. Flowers
small, clustered, white, panicled. Panicles short-stalked, axillary.
Calyx 5 cleft; jietals 5; stamens 5, style short ; stigma 2 lobed.
Drupe obovate, yellow.

A small tree or rather shrub, 10—12 feet high, and from 6-8 inches
in diameter. Bark black, rent, thin. Wood haid, fine-grained, heavy,

12

yellowish brown. Well suited for turners' work, the manufacture of
tools, and various other purposes.

Common in mountain ravines near Cape Town, Paarl, Tulbagh, Cale-
don, Clanwilliam, etc. Fl. Dec — Jan.

AQUIFOLIACE^. DC.

33. Ilex Capensis. Sond. and Harv. — Branches erect, white ;
twigs angular, leafy. Leaves alternate, short-stalked, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, entire, veined, leathery, pale below, smooth.
Petioles channelled, purplish. Flowers minute, axillary, on short
peduncles, crowded, subumbellate, nodding. CaZ^/a? small, persis-
tent 4-6- toothed : Corolla salver-shaped, 4-6 parted ; stamens 4-6
exserted ; stigmas 4-6 sessile, obtuse. JDrwpe roundish, crowned
with the stigmas. (Sideroxylon mite. Lin.) Bot. Mag. t.
1858.

A shrub or small tree, about 8-12 feet high ; diameter 6-8 inches.
Bark white, rough. Wood light, soft, rather spongy, and little used.

Common in the woods of Swellendam, Tulbagh, Uitenhage, Kat River,
etc, and also in those on the east side of Table Mountain. Fl. October.

RHAMNEJ^. R. Br.

34. Zizypkus Mucronata. Willd. (Buffalo-thorn; Buffels-
doorn). — Branches and hranchlets grey, flexuous, smooth or vel-
vety and armed with pairs of sharp-pointed prickles, one of which
is recurved. Leaves stalked, alternate, often unequal-sided,
ovate or subcordate-ovate, crenato-serrate, bluntly acuminate, 3
nerved, veined, smooth, shining above, pale and slightly hairy at
the nerves beneath. Flowers cymose, axillary, small, yellow ;

Jlorcer-slalhs channelled- Calyx 5 cleft, and as well as the
petioles and cymes, downy ; petals 5 obovate ; stamens 5 exserted j
styles 2 diverging. Drupes fleshy, globose, red.

A tree 20—25 feet high, and 1 to 2 in diameter. Bark rough ; Wood
tough and chiefly used for wagonwork. Common on the banks of the
Kat River, likewise in British CafFraria and Natal. Fl. Decemb.

35. Scutia Ccmimersoni. Brogn. {Katdoorn.) — Branches
decussate, spreading, prickly piichles recurved. Leaves oppo-
site, stalked, ovate or obovate, blunt, pointed or retuse, entire,
leathery, smooth. Flowers umbellate, axillary, small. Calyx
pitcher-shaped, 5 cleft; j^etals emarginate. Stamens 5, short ;
style single ; stigmas 2-3 obtuse. Fruit roundish, apiculate, 2
celled.

Habit of growth usually shrubby ; branches armed with hooked
thorns. Height about 4 or 5 feet ; diameter from 6 to 8 inches. Bark

13

whitish grey, wrinkled. Wood fine grained and strong, light-brown;
looks well when varnished. Useful to turners.

Common in the woods of Swellendam, Uitenhage, and Albany. Fl.
December — January.

TEREBINTACE^. Juss.

36. JRhus Lmvigata. Linn. (Taaihosch) — Sra7iches and
twigs purple, erect. Leaves long-stalked, ternate ; leaflets sessile,
ovate, pointed, pale below, ribbed, perfectly smooth. Flowers
small, yellowish-green, panicled ; panicles terminal and axillary,
slender. Drujje globose, of the size of a pea.

Height 8 to 10 feet ; diameter from 8 to 10 inches. Bark thin, rough.
TFoofZ hard, tough, reddish. Sometimes called Essenhout (Ash-icood)^
in the Western districts, and Bosgamia by the natives of the East.
Used for wagouwork of various kinds, and may be employed with
advantage by the turner.

Grows in stony ground, nearly all over the colony. Fl. September-
October.

37. Rhus Viminalis. Vahl. ( Karree-wood.) — B7rmches
smooth, slender, flexile. Leaves long-stalked, ternate ; leaflets
sessile, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, smooth or fringed, narrowed
at both ends. Flowers small, panicled ; jjaiiicles axillary and
terminal, hairy. Drupe 1 celled, 1 seeded, roundish, rather dry.

This little tree, which in its growth and foliage in some measure
resembles the Willow, grows chiefly on the banks of rivers and rivulets.
It attains a height of from 10 to 14 feet, and sometimes measures 8 to
10 inches in breadth. The Bark is grey and smooth; the wood reddhh-
brown, hard, and very tough. Its thicker and longer branches are
used as spars in thatching houses, and also for wagon tents, as they
bend easily without breaking; the younger twigs for bows. The
Karreewood has the advantage, that it is not infested by noxious insects.

Common on rivers and watercourses in many parts of the Eastern
districts. Fl. July.

38. I?.kic5 Lucida. Linn. {Taaihosch.) — Branches and
branchlets spreading, downy. Leaves short-stalked, ternate ;
leaflets sessile, obovate, wedge-shaped at base, entire, blunt, emargi-
nate, leathery, resinous, glossy. Flowers minute, white, panicled,
axillary and terminal. Drupe as in the preceding species.

Shrubby. Height 4-6 feet, diameter 3-4 inches. Branchea ash-
coloured; wood hard and tough. Bark of root and branches used for
tanning purposes.

Common on the slopes of the mountains in the Cape, Caledon, and
Swellendam districts. Fl. Aug — Sept.

39. Rhus Tomejitosa. Lifin. — Branches and twigs purplish,
erect, shaggy. Leaves stalked, ternate ; leaflets oval, tapering at

14

both ends, acute, bluntly sawed towards the apex, smooth above,
ribbed and woolly beneath. Flowers panicled, small ; panicles
terminal, longer than the leaves. Drupe shaggy.

Growth, height, properties, and technical u?es like those of the pre-
ceding species.

40. Blms Tliunhergii. Hook. (Roemeria argentea. Thhg.)
(Rock- Ash; Klipesse,) — Branches erect, wi'inkled. Leaves
simple, stalked, alternate, obovate-elhptic, retuse, entire, leathery,
penninerved, glaucous. Flowers panicled, polygamous, white ;
panicles terminal ; pedicels, sepals and petals externall}'- shaggy.
Stamens 5-10; petals 5-6. Drupe roundish-oblique, almost
dry, 1 celled, 1 seeded. Hook. Icon. Plant, t. 595.

Height 12 to 15 feet; diameter 3 to 4 feet Bark rongh, craggy.
Wood resinous, fine grained, hard, close, heavy. Handsome when
polished. Valuable in the manufacture of fancy furniture, work boxes,
sewing tables, &c., and useful to the turner and maker of musical
instruments.

This tree grows in reeky situations in the districts of Stellenbosch,
Worcester, and Clanwilliam. Fl. February.

41. Harpephyllum Caff rum. Dernh. — Branches spreading;
twigs knotty from the fall of old leaves. Xe^ares alternate, impaii-
pinnate, 6-7 yoked, long-stalked, smooth ; leaflets sessile, patent,
lanceolate, entire, unequal-sided, sickle-shaped, pointed, veiny,
wedge-shaped at base. Flowers dioico-polygamous, short-stalked,
panicled, white ; jm7iicles terminal, shorter than the leaves. Calyx
4-5 cleft, its segments blunt ; petals 4-5, longer than the calyx.
Stamens 8-10 free, perigynous ; filaments short, awl-shaped ;
anthers ovate. Pistil columnar, fleshy; stigmas 4 recurved.
Drupe oblong, 2 celled, 1 seeded by abortion, about an inch long.

A handsome tree 20-30 feet high, and from 1 to 2 in diameter, much
resembling the Cape Ash in habit. i?r/rA' greyish-brown, rough. Wood
red, tough, very handsome when polished, and useful for household
furniture, planking, and various other purposes. The fruit, knoAvn as
the Kojir or Wild Plum (zuurf^-pruim ) , is edible.

Grows in woody ravines at Howison's Port (Albany), in the forests
of the Uitenhage district, and in Catfraria. As an ornamental tree I
found it planted at the sides of some of the principal streets in Gra-
ham's Town along with Erythrina caffra. Fl. April.

LEGUMINOS.^. Juss.

42. Millettia Caffra. Meisn. ( Omzamheete) Kajir Ironwood.)
— Upper branches and leaf-stalks downy ; leaves unequally-pinnate,
4-6 yoked ; leaflets short-petioled, opposite, oblong, penninerved.

15

fringed at the margins, smooth above, silky beneath ; stlpels
bristle-like. Cahjx bell-slinped, bluntly toothed and as well as
the flower-stalks shaggy. Racemes terminal, paniclcd. Flowers
papilionaceous, purplish-blue, silky ; alee and carina smooth.
Legume 4 to 5 inches long, 2 to 2^ broad, acute, leathery, or
almost woodv, 3 seeded, thickly clothed with brown velvety
hairs ; seeds subovate or oblong, compressed.

A stfitely tree, 30-40 feet high, and from 2-3 in diameter. Bark thin.
Furnishes a superior twooc? of great beauty and durability, which when
polished, resembles and perhaps surpasses, Brazilian Rose or Jacaranda
Wood.

Tho Kafirs employ the beans as a vermifuge (particulary for lumbrici)
by pounding and takiug them in milk, one or two forming a dose. This
tree also exudes a kind of resin, resembling Gu'ijac?tm. Grows in the
fnres!s of the colony of Natal, and also in the Mauubi forest near
Butter worth (Cafiraria proper). J. H. Bowker.

43. Erythrina Caffra. Tkhg. (Kafir -tree.) Branches
alternate, spreading, prickly ; jyricMes solitary, purplish. Leaves
ternate, stalked ; stalks unarmed ; leaflets ovate, broad, pointed,
glabrous, entire. Flowers papilionaceous, racemose, noddino-,
scarlet. Calyx truncate, 2 lobed, tomentose, rusty; Vexillum
very large; Stamens exserted ; Legume oblong, constricted be-
tween the seeds, many-seeded. ISeeds scarlet, with a black
hilam.

This giant of the forests of Ohfantshoek, Albany, and Caffraria,
grows 50 to 60 feet high, and 3 to 4 in diameter. Its^bark is grey, and
its wood soft and very light. However it has been turned to advantage
by the inhabitants, for, from the tall hollowed trunk they have con-
structed canoes, made troughs, and employed the wood instead of cork
in the construction of their fishing nets. The wood is used likewise for
making shingles, which, when tarred, are considered to be very durable
and to make very good roofing. Fl. September.

44. Virgilia Capensis. Lamlt, ( Keurhoom.) — Sra?iches erect,
spreading ; t7vigs somewhat shaggy. Leaves stalked, impari-
pinnate, many-yoked ; rachis channelled ; leaflets opposite, narrow-
oblong ; entire, mucronate, glossy above, silky below. Flowers
papilionaceous, racemose, axillary or terminal. Calyx ample,
bell-shaped, 2 lipped, 5 toothed, woolly. Stamens 10, free. Corolla
smooth, flesh-coloured, sweet-scented. Legume leathery, com-
pressed, oblong, many-seeded, clothed with a rusty wool. Bot.
Magaz. t. 1590.

Pleight 15-20 feet; diameter 1^, to 2 feet, ^ar/e black, craggy. Wood
rather light and soft. Looks well when pohshed, but is subject
to worm- eating. It is occasionally used for yokes, rafters, spars,
fuel, etc.

16

A transparent gum* exudes very freely from the bark, which may be
turned to account, the bush -women using the same as a substitute for
starch The supply could be rendered unlimited, this gum being easily
collected.

This handsome tree, although originally a native of the Eastern
districts of the colony, Avhere it is extremely common, is now to be found
in moist and shady spots, and especially in mountain ravines in most
of the Western provinces, whence it has found its way also into gardens,
Fl. April— May.

45. Schotia Speciosa. lacq. (Hottentot's JBoerhoon ) —
Branches ritrid, straitened. Leaves abruptly pinnate, many-yoked ;
leaflets oblong or elliptical, sessile, unequal at base, entire,
mucronate, leathery, smooth. Flor^'ers panicled, terminal, stalked,
bright-crimson ; _/?a/zz<?/es many-flowered. C^/^/a? 4 fid, deciduous;
petals 5 ; stamens 10-12; filaments free, exserted, and of unequal
length, style filiform. Legume broad, oblong, compressed, leathery,
winged; sielsi&\^ \ umbilicus nuked. Botan. Magaz. t. 1153.

Height of tiunk 8-12; diameter 1 to 1^ feet. Bark brown, rugged.
Wood reddish-brown, hard, tough, and durable. Used chiefly for yokes,
fellies, triggers, or fuel. The beans, when roasted, are eaten by the
natives.

Common on dry, kairoo-like places in the Eastern Province and Brit.
Caffraria. Fl. Jan.— Febr.

46. ScJwtia Lafifolia. Lacq* {3Lonkey-Boerhoon ; Bosch-
Boerhoon) — Branches spreading. Leaves equally pinnate, 2-4
yoked ; leaflets sessile, obovate, blunt, leathery, smooth. Flowers
panicled, terminal or lateral, subsessile, pinkish ; patiieles branched,

* Mr. Sclimieterloew has kindly favoured me with the following qualitative
analysis of this guru : — " The gum of Virgilia capensis agrees with Cerasin (the
gum of the Cherry-tree) more than with either Tragacanthin or Arabin, and
contains no Bassorin. It is slowly soluble in eol'd, but more readily in hot water.
One ounce of this gun forms with 12 ounces of water amucilageof the same thick-
ness and consistency as one ounce of real gum arable with 2 ounces of water, and
of equal transparency. It shows less acidity than gum arabic ; and in ^'■^ chemical
characteristics differs from Arabin as follows :

Arabin. Gum of A^irgilia.

Produces a copious precipitate with Produces, a faint miikiness with Oxa/a^e
Oxalate of Ammonia. of Ammonia.

Diacetate of Lead produces a white Z>/ate^a/e ofZeaJ gelatinizes the muci-
caseous precipitate. lage.

Peroxide o/" /row forms a broMn jelly. Is miscible with this, without any
Strong Spirits of JF^hc turns the muci- other effect.
lage white, like curdled milk. Does not throw down any caseous

matter, and without impairing its con-
sistency, can be mixed with the half of
its bulk, which seems to make the solu-
tion more clear.
This gum could be used in medicine like gum Tiagacanth, and for manj' purposes
where other gums like gum arabic are applied.

17

many-flowered. Stamem monadelphoiis. Legume mucli like tluit
of the preceding species, few-seeded ; seeds with a fleshy yellow
arillus.

Grows from 20 to 30 feet high, and from 3 to 4 in diameter. Bark
brownish-grey, smooth. Wood white, hard, tough, and heavy, bnt does
not appear to be much used save for triggers, posts, enclosures, &c.
The young beam are eaten by Hottentots and Kafirs.

Very common in the forests of Uitenhage, Albany, British Caffraria,
etc. Fl. January.

47. Acacia Horrida. Willd. (Thorn'tree; Doornhoom.) —
Stem and branches smooth, but armed with straight, large white,
spiny stipules; twigs anrrular. Lea^^es 2 pinnate; jiinnce 2-5
yoked; /e<2^e^5 linear-oblong, blunt, smooth, many-yoked; leaf-
stalks glandular at base and apex Flowers stalked, bracteate
in the middle, axillary, globose, polygamous, yellow, sweet-scented.
Legume long, narrow, compressed, sickle-shaped, leathery, smooth,
many-seeded.

Height 20 to 25 ; diameter 1 to 1 ^ feet. Bark dark grey, contains a
large portion of the tanning principle, imparting a reddish dye to
leather. Wood hard and tough, extensively employed in the interior
for building purposes ; looks well when varnished, and therefore adapted
for all kinds of common furniture. The colonists generally place the
logs for some time in water before using them, in order to render the
wood more durable. It furnishes a \qyj good material for wheels,
poles, and yokes, and many rural implements, and answers Avell for
turner's work.

The Gummi Acacioe, which exudes spontaneously from the bark both
of the trunk and branches, is well known as an article of commerce.
. The Thorn-tree may be said to be the most common tree met with in
the lonely wastes of South Africa. There it inhabits the borders of
every stream, and points out at a far distance to the exhausted traveller
the cherished spot, where he may quench his burning thirst, and screen
himself from the scorching rays of an African sun. Fl. January —
February.

SAXIFRAGACE^. D.C.

48. Cunonia Capensis. Lin. {Red Alder. Rood Els.) —
Branches rough, patent. Leaves stalked, irnpari-pinnate ; leaflets
4-5 yoked, petiolate, opposite, oblong, acute, sawed, leathery,
penninerved, smooth. Stipules large, ovate, deciduous ; petioles
compressed. Floivers small, white, racemose, axillary. Calyx 5
parted ; _/;e^a/s 5 ; stamens \0; styles 2, \onger than the corolla.
Capsule taperpointed, 2-celled, many seeded.

Height 15 to 25 feet ; breadth U to 2. Bark black, wrinkled. Wood
tough, close, somewhat like the Lime-tree, and much in request. It is
handsome Avhen polislied, and the yilanks are s«jught after, both by

18

cabinetmakers and wheelwrights It is also useful to turners, and well
adapted for screws. As this wood sutlers but little from moisture, it
may be of service in the construction of mills.

Common in moist, woody places throughout the whole colony.
FI. May — June.

49. Platylophus Trifoliatus. Don. (White Alder-, Wit-
Els.) — Branches and twigs purplish. Leaves trifoliate, stalked ;
leaflets lanceolate, acute, toothed, netted-veined, smooth. Stipules
deciduous. Flowers panicled, small, white; 2^anicels axillary,
compound, many-flowered; peduncels shaggy. Calyx 4 cleft,
persistent ; petals 4, trifid ; stamens 8-10. Styles 2. Capsule
cartilaginous, ovate, •2-celled.

Height from 30 to 40 feet ; diameter from 3 to 4 Bark whitish grey,
rather smooth. Wood white, much lighter than that of the preceding
species, from which it also differs in colour. It furnishes a good material
for common furniture, drawers, boxes, picture-frames, &c., looks well
when polished, and is also used for various wagon work.

This stately tree is to be met with in the forests of the Swellendam,
Worcester, George, and Uitenhage districts. Fl. January.

HAMAMELIDE^. R. Br.

50. Trichocladus Crinitus. Pers. (Underwood. Onderhosch.)
— Branches smooth, greyish-white, spreading. Leaves opposite,
stalked, ovate or oval, bluntly acuminate, veiny, entire, glossy
above. Twigs, petioles, calyces and underside of leaves densely
coated with brown shag, Flowers dioecious, terminal, and
axillary, clustered together upon a common receptacle ; Flower-
heads stalked ; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5-epigynous, linear, involute ;
stamens 5 ; styles 2. Capsule hairy, 2-celled, 5-valved ; ceils
one-seeded.

An arborescent shrub, 10-15 feet high, and from 6-8 inches broad.
J3arA smooth ; wood hard, fit for wagon -work, etc. The branches and
twigs are used on account of their toughness and elasticity ; they bend
well without breaking, and serve as hoops for the manufacture of
buckets, etc. This shrub is called Siduli by the Kafirs. Trichocladus
elHpticus. E. & Z does not appear to difftr, but by narrower, more
elliptical leaves.

Common in the forests of the Knysna and Plettenberg's Bay, Tzitsi-
kamma, Krakakamma, Stockenstrom, Caffraria &c. Flor, Dec— Jan.

OLINIE^. W. Arnott.

51. Olinia Capensis. Klotzsch. {Hardpear.) — Branches
and twigs angular, spreading. Leaves opposite, oval, leathery,
entire, somewhat wavy, tapering into a petiole, emarginate, slighty
pointed, pennineryed, glossy above, pale below. Calyx 5-toothed.

19

Flowers terminal, cymose; bracts deciduous; petals white,
spathulate ; stamens 5 ; filaments short, inflexed ; stigma thick,
blunt. Drupe oblong, dry, 3-4 celled; cells one-seeded by
abortion.

Height of stem 25-30 feet ; diameter from 2 to 3. Bark greyish-white,
very rugged. Wood yellowish-white, hard, tough and heavy, like the
European white Birch It is chiefly used by wheelwrights fur axles, poles
and sundry wagon-work, but may be tried as well for railway purposes.

Konha-wood, which greatly resembles Hardpear, but of which I have
been unable to procure branches and leaves for identification, appears
to belong to another species of Olinia, the wood itself being of finer
grain.

Common in the forests and woods throughout a great portion of the
Colony. Fl. Jul— Aug.

52. Olinia Cymosa. Thhg. — Branches 4-angular, very
straight. Leaves stalked, opposite, obovate, emarginate, or blunt
with a point, coriaceous, entire, penninerved, smooth. Petioles
short, depressed. Florvers white, cymose, axillary.

Shrubby. Height of stem 4 to 6 feet ; diameter 6-8 inches. Bark
whitish-grey, cracked. Wood hard, close-grained, heavy, well adapted
for turner's work.

Delights in rocky spots, and is common on the east side of Table
Mountain, and in similar localities of the Western division of the Colony.
Fl. July— August.

MYRTACE^. Juss.

53. Eugenia Zeyheri, Harv. ( Wild Ja^nhos.) — Branches
rough. Leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, short-stalked, entire,
glabrous, slightly revolute. Flowers stalked, axillary, small.
Calyx 4-cleft ; petals 4; stamens numerous; style 1. Berry
subglobose, crowned with the withered calyx.

Height from 15 to 20 feet ; breadth from 9 to 12 inches. Bark thin,
grey, longitudinally rent. Wood white, hard, heavy, fine-grained, some-
what resembling white Maple. Fit for the manufacture of carpenter's
tools, ploughs, axles, &c. Fruit edible.

In the forests of the Van Stadensbergen, and near Uitenhage. Fl.
December.

C0RNE.-3E. D.C.

54. Curtisia Faginea. Ait. {Assagay-wood; Assagay-hout.)
— J5ra7zc^es decussate, erect ; ^w^^5 purplish, tomentose. Leaves
opposite, stalked, oblong, acuminate, unequally toothed, glabrous,
veined. Petioles and veins clothed with a dense rusty shag.
Flowers small, numerous, red, paniculate. Panicles trichotomous,
shaggy, terminal. Calyx 4 parted ; petals 4 ; stamens 4 ; style

20

1 ,* itiymas 4-5. Berry round, fleshy, yellowish, 4-5 seeded.
Burip. Plant. African. Decad. t. 82. '

Height from 20 to 40 f et, if allowed to grow, for the tree is often
felled before it has attained its full size, and commonly measures from
15 to 20 feet high, and from 2 to 3 in circumference. The hark is thin,
black, and almost smooth. The wood, which is highly prized within the
Colony, is solid, extremely tough, heavy, close-grained, very durable,
and resembles plain'mahogany. It answers well for all kinds of superior
furniture, tools, &c., but is truly invaluable, and not to be surpassed by
any other wood, in the consti'uction of wagons, particularly in this
country, where the natural difficulties of the roads, the great distances
to go, and the excessive heat of the climate, require strong and sub-
stantially-built vehicles for travelling. Called Omhlehe by the Katirs.

The tree grows in the primeval forests throughout the whole Colony,
and also in Katirland. Fl. January— February.

RUBIACE^. Juss.

55. BurchelUa Capensis. D. C. {Wild Pomegranate;
Buffelshoorn.) — Branches opposite, erect. Leaves on short stalks,
ovate, acute, subcordale, downy, rigid, entire. Stipules deciduous,
internally shaggy. Flowers of a deep orange hue, capitate,
terminal, sessile on a villous receptacle, with minute bracts.
Calyx tubular, deeply 5 parted ; corolla funnel-shaped ; tube
hispid. Anthers 5, pointed, almost sessile. iStyle 1 filiform ;
stigma club-shaped, 2 fid. Berry 2 locular, turbinato-globose.
Seeds black, angular.

A small tree 12 to 14 feet high, but sometimes from 1 to 2 in diameter.
Bark greyish -brown. Wood very hard and close, and chiefly used for
agricultural implements.

Common in the forests of Swellendam, George, and Uitenhage. Fl.
October— November.

56. Gardenia llnmhergia. Lin. {Wild Katje^nering ;
Buffelsbal.) — i?7'ft??r^(?5 unarmed, erect, much divided. Liaves
oblong, attenuate at both ends, stalked, verticillate, entire, veined,
glabrous. Flowers terminal, solitary, white, scented. Calyces
tubular, leafy, hispid, cleft at one side with leaflike appendages.
Corolla tubular, salver-shaped ; j;e^a/6' 8, obtuse. Anthers 7 — 9 ;
style club-shaped, sliaggy. Frnit baccate-ovate, smooth, wdiite,
imperfectly 5-celleel, many-seeded, very hard, almost woody.
Bot. Magaz. t. 1004.

Height of I r link from 8 to 10 feet; breadth from 10 to 12 inches.
Bark smooth, greyish-white. Wood hard, heavy, and strong, and used
for making tools, clubs, kieries, yokes, axles, fellies, ploughs, and also fit
to engrave upon, &c.

In the forests of the Krakahamma and Olijihant's Hoek (Uitenhage).
Fl. January — February.

21

57. Qardenia Rothmannia. Lin.— Branches and ttvigs
unarmed, brown, angular, rough, erect. Leaves on very short
stalks, opposite, oblong, acute, veined, entire, smooth, but with
hairy glands on the underface of the leaves, situated along the
midrib in the axils of the veins. Flowers terminal, solitary,
sessile, sweet-scented. Calyces cylindrical, ribbed, hairy within,
5-cleft, its seg7nents filiform, sharp-pointed ; Coro'la beil-shaped,
5 parted ; petals 5, pointed, reflexed, buff, sprinkled with purplish
dots. A^ithers 5 ; style one, thickened at top. Fruit ovate, fleshy,
costate, angular, smooth, 2-valved, 2-cellcd, many-seeded, black.

Height of stem from 15—20, diameter from 1 — 1^ feet. Bark grey,
smooth. Wood very hard, strong, and tough. Used chiefly for tools,
axles, fellies, and other wagonwork like the preceding.

This tine tree is to be met with in the aborighial woods of the George
and Uiteuhage districts. Katberg &c. Fl. January— February.

5S. Plectronia Ventosa. Lin. ( SchapendroUetjes.) — Branches
brachiate, patent, spiny ; spines horizontal ; twigs quadrangular.
Leaves stalked, opposite, elliptic, smooth, almost leathery, entire,
pale on the lower surface. Flowers corymbose, axillary, greenish.
Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5 parted,
throat hairy. Stamens 5, filaments very short ; stigma capitate*
Drupe fleshy, didymous, compressed, excised, 2 locular ; cells
one-seeded. Cruse. Rub. Capens. tab. 2.

Height from 15 to 20 feet ; diameter from 6 to 10 inches. Bark
whitish, smooth. Wood hard, close, heavy, and tough ; takes varnish
well, looks marble-like, and is veiy handsome. It will suit the joiner
for small and fancy furniture, and the wagonmaker for fellies, &c. The
fruit, though insipid, is eaten by the natives.

Common in mountain ravines and forests throughout a great part of
the colony. Fl. October — November.

59*. Plectronia Mundtiana, {Canthium Mundtianum. ChamJ)
(^Bock'Ash; Klipessse.) — Branches iorkeiij knotty; hranchlets
rather compressed. Leaves stalked, oval, smooth or downy,
one-coloured, membranous, blunt or slightly point jd ; petioles
somewhat channelled and shaggy on the upper side; stipides
ovate, mucronate. Flowers cymose. Cymes axillary, stalked,
many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Calyx^ flowers and fruit
as in the preceding species.

A shrub or middling tree, 12-15 feet high, and from 6-8 inches wide.
5arA thin, grey, rough ; TFoo^ yellowish-white, very hard and heavy.
Useful to turners for screws, tools, etc; to manufactures of mu:;ical
instruments, and for other purposes

Grows in the forests of Plettenberg's Bay, the Tzitsikamma, in the
woody ravines of the Devil's mountain, &(•.. Flor. Nov— Dec.

22

60. Plectronia Spijiosa. Klotzsch. — J5rawr/<e5 round, greyish-
white, very spiny ; spines opposite, strong, horizontally spreading,
either naked or leafy. Leaves obovate, stalked, narrowed at base,
nerved, entire, blunt, pale on the underside ; stipules minute,
sharp-pointed. Flowe7's cymose, small ; cymes axillary, few-
flowered. Corolla short, ventricose. Jfruit heart-shaped, com-
pressed, 2-3 celled,

A shrub or small tree, 10-15 feet high, 7-10 inches broad. Bark thin,
grey. Wood fine-grained, heavy, yellowish.

In the Addo-bush between Port Elizabeth and Graham's Town, and
in the forests of the Van Staden's Mountaias, and Olifant's Hoek. Fl.
July.

61. Canthiiim Pyrifolium. Klotzsch. Branches and twigs
angular or compressed, spreading ; Leaves opposite, short-stalked,
roundish or oval, blunt, entire, nerved, leathery, smooth, shining
above, pale below, gland uliferous in the axils of the veins. Flowers
cymose; cymes axillary, opposite, many-flowered, branching,
longer than the leaves. Calyx 4-5 toothed ; Corolla cylindrical,
4-5 lobed, lobes patent, throat bearded. Anthers 4-5, within the
throat of the corolla ; Style simple filiform ; stigma undivided,
thick, pin-headed. Fruit globose.

A small tree 15-20 feet high, 4-6 inches in diameter. Bark thin,
black. Wood close, heavy, yellowish- white, and looks handsome when
polished.

Grows in the forests of the Krakakamma. Fl. Febr.

62. Grumilea Cymosa. E. Meyer, {Lemon-wood^ — Branches
angular; twigs compressed. Leaves short-stalked, opposite,
lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, entire, revolute, narrowed at base,
netted-veined, smooth, leathery, glossy above, pale below. Stipules
large, roundish, pointed, deciduous. Flowers terminal, cymose ;
cymes stalked, 3 — forked. Calyx 5 toothed, connate with the ovary.
Corolla monopetalous, 5 lobed, throat shaggy, lobes incurved at
apex ; aestivation valvate. Stamens 5, adhering to the tube of
the corolla ; filaments short, anthey^s oblong, erect, enclosed ;
style simple; stigma thick, 2— lobed. Fruit baccate, globose,
crowned with the converging limb of the calyx, 2 — celled, as large
as a small peppercorn.

A tree about 20-30 feet high, and of considerable width. Bark ash-
coloured, thin. Wood citron-yellow, hard, tough, and useful for many
purposes. It is the Omgokolo of the Kafirs.

Grows in the primitive forests of Olifant's Hoek, Caffraria, and Natal.
Fl. Septemb.

23
COMPOSITiE. Juss.

63. Brachylaena Dentata. D.C. — Twigs angular, tomentose.
Leaves alternate, short-stalked, wedge-shaped at base, apiculate,
entire or more commonly sinuato-tiidentate at apex, revolute,
leathery, smooth and glossy above, clothed with white shag on
the underside. Flowers dioecious, racemose ; racemes spiked,
terminal, and axillary -, flower-heads few-flowered.

A shrub or small crooked tree, 12- 14 feet high, and 6-9 inches wide.
Barh smooth ; Wood hard : chiefly used for making charcoal.

Grows in shady places in Howisons Poort, (Albany), Olifam's Hoek,
Stockenstrom, and Caffraria. Fl. April.

64. TarcJwnanthus CamplioratMS. Lin. (Sirie-kout.) —
Branches and twigs erect, angular, clothed with white, short down.
Leaves stalked, alternate, oblong, blunt, leathery, entire, reticulato-
areolate and green on their upper surface ; veined, white and shaggy
beneath. Flowers paniculate. Panicles terminal, many headed.
Flower-heads dioecious ; involucres scaly ; achcenia woolly.

This arborescent shrub ( Wild Sage ; Wdde Salie) grows from 6 to
8 feet high ; its diameter is from 5 to 6 inches. Bark brownish -grey,
much rugged. Wood close, heavy ; looking handsome when polished,
and useful in the manufacture of musical instruments and joiner's fancy
work.

The leaves when fresh, have a peculiar smell resembling camphor ;
they are chewed by the Mohammetans, smoked by the Hottentots, and
employed in the form of infusion or tea, as antispasmodic, tonic, and
resolvent.

Common in the Cape, Swellendam, and Uitenhage districts. Fl.
May — June.

ERICACE^. Juss.

65. Philippia Chamissonis. Klotzsch. {Kabinet-hout) — Stem
erect ; branches short, flexuose. Leaves ternate, linear, blunt,
small, smooth. Flowers terminal, clustered (3 — 4), nodding.
Calyx 4 fid ; corolla globose, 4 — parted ; stamens 8, connate ;
stigma exserted, peltate. Capsule 4 — angular, 4 — locular, 4 —
celled.

Height of stem from 2 to 3 feet ; breadth from 2 to 3 inches. Bark
brown, glabrous, fibrous, splitting longitudinally. The wood, which is
hard and close-grained, looks well when varnished, and will suit both
the cabinetmaker and turner for various kinds of fancy work.

Common in rocky localities on the north side of Table Mountain and
elsewhere. Fl. June.

24

MYRSINEiE. R. Br.

66. 3Ii/rsine Melanophlcos. R. Br. (Itoemeria. Thhg.)
(Cape Beech; Deukenliout.') — 5m wc^es rough, spreading. Leaves
oblong-lanceolate, stalked, leathery, entire, blunt, veined, green
above, pale beneath, placed at the extremities of the younger
branches. Flowei^s (3-4) small, 'fasciculate, axillary. Calyx 6 fid.
Corolla 4-5 parted ; anthers 5 ; stigma 1 , capitate. Drupe
pisiform, one-seeded.

Height from 15 to 20 feet; diameter from U to 2. Stem straight.
Bark grey, Avarty. Wood tough and grained like European Beech.
Used chiefly for wagonwork.

To be found in the bushy ravines on the east side of Table Mountain,
in the forests of Swellendam, Kuysna, &c. Fl. October.

SAPOTE^. Juss.

67. Sideroxylon Tnerme. Lin, {Milk-wood', Melkhout.) —
Branches flexuose, erect ; twigs angular. Leaves alternate, stalked,
oblong, obtuse, entire, leathery, smooth. Flowers small, white,
fasciculated, axillary. Calyx 5 parted; stamens 5, opposite the
lobes of the corolla; style 1. Corolla 5 cleft, rotate. Fruit
globose, baccate ; ovaj'y 4 — 5 celled.

Height from 15 to 20 feet; diameter 1 to 1^. Bark grey, craggy,
milky, inside. Wiwd whitish, very hard, close, and durable. Being
little atfected by damp or moisture, it furnishes one of the best materials
for boat-building, mill-work, bridges, &c., and is likewise Avell suited
for ploughs and rural implements. The fruit (Jackalshesjes) are edible.

Common in the Cape, Swellendam, George, and Uitenhage districts.
Fl. December— June.

68. Mimusops Obovata. Sond. — Branches and hranchlets
round, grey, spreading. Leaves alternate, stalked, obovate, nar-
rowed at base, entire, blunt, or often retuse, smooth, leatheiy, glossy,
paler below. Flower-stalks axillary, shaggy, much longer than
the petioles. Calyx 6 partite, arranged in a double row, its
outer sepals rusty-brown, inner ones velvety, white ; all lanceo-
late, taper-pointed. Corolla as long as the calyx, white, with
linear-lanceolate smooth lobes. Anthers arrow shaped, acute,
longer than i\\e filaments ; style subulate, longer then the corolla;
stigma acute. Drupe ovate, apiculate, smooth, orange-coloured,
about an inch long. Harv. Thesaur. Cap. t. 44.

A tree 15-25 feet high and 1^-2 in diameter. Bark thin, smooth.
Wood yellowish-white, close-grained, tough, heavy and durable. Used
principally for fellies, axles, and various wagonAvork.

Grows in the aboiiginal forests of Olifimt's Hoek, Natal, & Fl.
Nuvemb.

25
EBENACE^, Vent.

69. Roytna Lucida. Thhg. (Black-bark; Zwartbast.)
— Branches and twigs erect. Leaves on short stalks, alternate,
ovate, entire, glossy, fringed. Pedicels and middle-nerv shaggy
below, the younger leaves silky. Flowers axillary, solitary,
yellowish. Calyx hairy, 5-parted Corolla bell-shaped, 5 fid ;
/m& revolute. Stamens 10 ; styles 2. Berry 4-celled, globose,
leathery, covered by the Qx\\-AvgQdcalyx. Seeds 2 — 4.

Height of stem from 10 to 12 feet; diameter from 6 to 12 inches.
Bark black, rather smooth, llie wood, which is hurd and tough, and of
a yellow tint with brownish stripes, when polished, is well adapted for
furnitm-e, tools, screws, &c., but chietiy used for wagoawoik. It is
called Omgugunga by the Kafirs.

To be found in the woods of the Cape Swellendam and Uitenhage
districts. Fl. August— September.

70. Royena Glabra. Lin. — Branches erect, slender, spread-
ing; twigs villose. Leaves lanceolate, acute, smooth, entire.
Flor>)ers stalked, axillary, white ; stalks shaggy, 1 — 5 flowered.

Height from 4 to 5 feet ; breadth from 5 to 6 inches. Bark thin,
grey, smooth. Wood light, poroiis. Little used, except for fuel.

Common on the north side of Table Mountain and similar places.
Fl. July.

71. Royena Pvhescens. Willd. — Branchlets clothed with
adpressed hairs. Leaves lanceolate-obovate, blunt, revolute at the
margins, attenuated into a short petiole, leathery, smooth, pale,
and slightly downy below. L'lowers solitary, axillary, stalked ;
peduncles pubescent, shorter than the leaves. Bracts linear-
lanceolate, placed above the middle of the stalk. Calyx adnate,
deeply 5 cleft, outwardly silky ; sepals ovate, taper-pointed.
Corolla bell-shaped, 5 parted, externally hairy; styles 6 united at
base. Fruit leathery, 5, celled, downy, nearly globose.

A large shrub or small tree, 6-8 feet high and 4-5 inches in girth.
Bark greyish-white, rough. Wood very close-grained, heavy and durable ;
takes a line polish; resembles Milkivood and furnishes a superior mate-
rial to the turner and wood engraver.

Grows on grassy hills near the Van Staden's River, and in the Kraka-
kamma. Fl. May, June

72. Euclea Pseudebenus. E. Meyer. (Cape Ebony.) —
Branches spreading, greyish-white, much crooked ; tivigs slender,
very leafy. Leaves alternate, linear, sharp-pointed, entire,
wrinkled, pale, smooth, tapering into a short petiole. Flowers
dioecious, male-ones racemose ; racemes few-flowered, their stalks
as long as the petioles ; ye'/?ia/e-o/^e5 solitary, axillary. Calyx T)

E

cleft, Jiiiil JIM vv('ll :iK the |)((luii(;l('H, downy ; r.alijx /o/^r'.s oviitc, Mimt.
Coro/ffi 5 1)<1, twl(j(! UH lon^ jih iIkj cup, urccohilc-cijiiiipiiiiulwtc,
cxt(!ru:illy liojiry. Sta/nurns ]H'''2() ', Jilamcntu Hliort; ah/leu 2;
at'ujnuis 4. Harry Hiriootli, oiic-Hccdcd, ol the h'izc of" a \H'.\i.

This vnliudihj lri'(^, Ihoiii^h it (hx-H not ^n-ow \i\\y lii;^Ii, iitl:iiiiH a
(li.'unctcror from 10-12 iiK^hcs iiiid more, it has ji, very thin barli, nnd lh(!
bc.iiiity nnd iiHcrnhicH.s of ils jcl -hi;ic,k, h;ir<l, and dnrahht wood rc(|uir('H
no coininciit. It ^nowH iih)n<,' tht; hanks of th(! ()raiif,^(i hiver, and seems
to oee,nr more eopionsly in tiic far North, I)r Livini^Hlone having' WMi
laij^^e, eircniar Hpceimcns of it (Vom the interior to lh(; Sonlh African
JVluHeiim. I'M. Sept.- Oelolicr.

7J3. J'Jnr/ca. /.nnrco/a/a. IC. Mit/cr. ( livsh. (j/varri.) —
Jira/K'/ics purplisli-hrown, nn^ulnr, <h»vvny. IjCd.vcs idteriinte oi-
Opposite, (irect, shoit-Hliilked, JjiTieeohite, l)lijnt, vviivy, corinceons,
HiMooth, flossy, Jirid netted witli \v\uh on th(; ii|)|)( r Hurfii(;(! ; ))!ih*,
rusty nnd Hcjiiy Ix'iovv. F/onwrs dio(;cioNH, sninll, racemose;
racemes n\\ Will' y, T) Movvered, shoiter tlian th(! lc!iV(!S. (!<iJi/.r, 4
toothed. ('(rrolla deeply 4 lid, externally hairy, thre(! tinicH \\H
loriM ;iH llie calyx. yl///Ary.s- 12-22 ; .s7///c.s2 hilid. /A/'/?/ Hniootli;
pca-lihe.

A tree 2()-'2.'> feet lii^'h, and from 10 l.'J inches \vi(l(!. Jhirli ^rey,
wrinkled ; Wood dark, coloured, heavy. (Called Oin^iimU hy tin;
KatirH.

(irows in Ihe forests of (Jeoi'M(i mid llie Ziini Ix i^cn, als(» in Mk; Addo-
bnsh (Uilenha-,^'), and Hril. CallVaria. I''l. Sept.-Oclhr.

74. J'Aiele.a lln<lii.l<il<(. TIiIkj. ( (jiuarrl-nwmL)- liranelie,/^
erect; /wr/V/.s Hpr< iidin^^. Leare.s nltiirnjitc or o[)portit(!, ohovate,
blunt, entire;, narrowed at bane, wavy, coiiatreous. /''/(rwers
dioeciouH, racetnoHc ; racemes axillary, h-w-llowered. (Uilifx 4,
toothed. Corolla A lid, bell-shaped, thrice as lon^^- as the (iaiyx.
UtameMs 10 — 14.

Shrubby; hei-.rlit (I to H feet; br(!a(llh .I to (i inches. Ihirk wliitisli-
grcy, ron^^li. Wood, brown, hard, close {.^rained, and til for joiner's faiM'.y
work, ven(!erin|;', it('. 'I'he /r//,/7 is well known b> (lie name of (Jnarri-
Icffjcs^ ami (;aten hy the. natives.

Comrrum in karroo-like, soil in t!ie Svvellendani, ( Jcorge, and 1 1 ilenha|.;()
diHtricts. I'M. l)(!c.~- .January.

IT). J'Jnrlcd J{.(trer/K)sa. /.in. — liranchcs er(M;l, ron«i;h ; /irt(/s
much divi<h<l. /, eaves almost HeHsih;, oblong, l(!ath(;ry, blunt,
c;;itirc, veined, revolii'e. tlonwA's diorsciouM, racenioHc;, white.
Jiace/in.es Hialked, nmny-IIowered, axilhiry, pendiilouH. Cah/x, 4
chdt; corolla bell-shajt(!d, 4 lid; stamens \'.\ — ]/>, connected n,t
baH(!, and hairy at the apicies. i^h/les 2. Herri/ one-eelhid, one
8eed(!d, ^l(d)()He, (IcHhy.

27

UhiuiI hci^'ht G Icct ; diairiclcr doirj /) to (> inches. /^arA grey, .smooth,
WoofI \i:\vi\, \n'/.\.vy ; (;ni|)loy(;(| hy wheelwrights jiiid tiiniciM. Answers
vary well for wooden .serciws, l)iit is chiefly ti.sed ms fuel.

Cjlrovvs on the west sith; of Devil's Mounhiin, in V;in C;nni)'s Bay,
n(;ur VVyni)erg, ;ind in nniiiy oilier ioe;ili(i'-s. I''l. June.

JASMfNACKyi:. Jt;.ss.

7(5. O/aa Verrucosa,. [Anh. ( ()l'hm-w()od\ OlyvpMliout.) —
JSranchca and /w/V/.s- orect, totiJi^onouH, rouf»li, with swittercd
clovsited wnrtH. Lcjircii hiriccohitf!, silmo.st sosfiile, tapering at
both C'xtrcrniti(!.4, (lallouH at toj), loathory, (jntirc, flossy, and ^roen
above, ycIlowiHli boncatli. .F/o'mera Hrnall, vvliito, paniciilnted.
PaniclcH axillary, tricliotonious. (Jah/x 4 cloft; lobas sliarp-
[)()itit()d. S/,a/mcus 2 ; .sVyy/r-.s short, 2 lid. Co/'o/Za rotate, 4 parted.
Drupe, pisifonn, ahnoHt dry, oiic-Heechid.

Height Iroin VI lo l.'J U'v.{, l)re;idth Iroin 8 to I'i inches. Ihirk thin,
grey, chinky. 'I'Ik! woml,,, which ia very compact and heavy, h)ok.s
liandsome when polished, and is one of the most ns(;fnl woods in the
Colony. On ac(;onn( (jf ils densily and ('X(r(!ine hardnciss, which even
weiirsont iron, it is adniiiahly a,d;ipt(!d lor fnrnitnrc!, tools, wagonwork,
and lor the constiMiction of mills and other machinery.

'I'his tree mnch res(!ml)les tin; J<jMro|)ean Olive, for which it was
formerly mistaktMi by bolajiis^s, a,nd whicJi might be grafted ti|K)ii it
with i)rol)al)l(! snc('ess. SInuied, stony localities are the places where it
grows best, while trees exposed to heat and wind remain dwarfish.

S|)r(;ad over a grcrat |)ortion of Sonlh Africa, fr(jm Cape 'J'own to
])eyond the Orange Kiver. I'M. April— May.

77. OIca fjaur'i folia. Lamh. ( 01. undulata, Javq.) ( Bhich
Ironwood', Zwnrl YzcrlunU.) — /{ntnchcs Hpreadin*^, rou^Hj,
warty. Jjcave.s Htalked, oppo.site, oblong, wavy, entin;, coriac<M)iis
Hrnooth, pah; bcrKialh. I^'/owrrs while;, nimicrous, i>iC('nt(Hl, sinali,
pani{Mdal,(!d. 7'aAi'/V;/6'.s' terminal, trichotoniousiy branched. Anthers
yellow ; uLiyma gioboHo. Drupe bjiccate. Botan. Ma^^az. t.
;3()Ht).

II(!iglit from 15 lo 20 f(!ft; diani(^lrr from 1,^ lo 2. /Azr/dgrey. Wood
brownish, hard, cl()a(;-graine(l, and h(!avy. Looks wcdl when varnished,
und is used by (;al)iiiet-ma,kerH for all kinds of fnrnilnre, but ischielly
employed for axles, poles, and geni^ral wagon work. Tools, also plonghs
and agiicnltnral im|)lemenls, are m.inufaci nred from it.

(jlrows abundantly in most of tli<; forests of tin; east(!rn i);irts of the
C:(.lony. V\. l\lay— dune.

7H. ()/('((, Foneoldf/f. JC. J)f('//er. (Ironmood; Vzerhoitt.) —
JJrauc/ies aHh-cohmred, Hpicadin;; ; f/vi(/.s forked, yoiin^-ones
downy. Leaves opposite, Hhort-.s talked, ovat(!-oblon«^, HUiootli,
ponninorv(Ml, v.uUrc, with revolnte margins, blunt, rctUHo and
recurved at apex, leathery, gloHsy above, |)ah; and pitted in tho

28

axils of the veins below. Floivers oymose ; cymes short, axillary ;
bractlets and segments of the calyx obtuse; lobes of the corolla
hooded at top. Drui^e dry, elliptical.

A tree al)Out 20 feet high, and from 8-10 indies broad. Bark thin,
-vvhilisli, smooth. Wood white, very close g'Miued, heavy, and hard,
Well adapted for wagonwork of all kinds, and more particularly for
poles and the construction of wheels. Grows in the forests of the Kraka-
kamma and Olifantshoek. Fl. Febr.— March.

79. Olea Capensis. Linn. — Branches and twigs quadrangular,
rough. Zeavf .5 short-stalked, opposite, oval or obovate, blunt or
sometimes mucronate, entire, leathery, smooth. Flowers panicled,
minute, crowded, white ; panicles terminal, three-lorked. Drupes
ellipsoidal, wrinkled, somewhat smaller than a pea.

A tree 20-25 feet high, and M| broad. Bark wdiite, smooth. Wood
white, compact, and heavy, like the preceding, and used for similar
purposes.

Common in the forests, throughout a great part of the Cohniy. Fi.
Januar. — Febr.

ASCLEPIADE^. R. Br.

80. Secamone TJiunlergii. E Meyer, ( Periploca Secamone.
Thhg.) {Bosch f on 7v; Melhtouw.)—^tem twining. Branches aller-
nate, opposite, spreading, leaves stalked, oblong, opposite, obtuse
or bluntly pointed, entire, ribbed, smooth, levolute. Flowers
cymose, wliite, minute. Cymes axillary, dichotomous. Pedicels
downy, rufous. Calyx 5 parted, coronet 5 scaled. Corolla rotate,
5 fid, villous within. Follicles brachiate, acute, glabrous. Seeds
hairy.

This shrub derives its vernacular name from tha milky juice "which
oozes from it when wounded. The stem, which like that of the wild
vine, and other twining shrubs, climbs to the very tops of the tallest
forest-trees, serves the baboons instead of ropes, to swing themselves
from tree to tree, when in search of food, or in escaping from their
enemies ( Baviuonstouw ; Bahoonsrope). Bark grey, warty. Wood
wiiite, hard, and tough ; but although the stem often attains a cousider-
abie length, its thick ne.-s rarely exceeds a few inches. The natives use
these twigs as we do those of the willow.

Common in the primeval forests of the Colony. Fl. October— Novem-
ber.

APOCYNE.E. Juss

81. Gonioma Kaniassi. E. Meytr. {Kamassi-wood, Ka-
massi-hout.) — Brattches erect, whorled. Leaves ojjposite, or more
frequently ternate, oblong-lanceolate, entire coriaceous, ribbed,
taper-pointed, dark green and glossy above, paler beneath.
/'7o??;e?>' small, cymose, leathery, yellowish, sweet-scented. Cyme?:

29

terminal, many-flowered. Calyx 5 cleft; lobes blunt. Fi/amnit^
5, short; anthers inclosed; style 1. Corolla salver-slraped ; tube
hairy within, narrowed at the tln-oat. Follir'es2, roundisli, patent.
Seeds pendulous, surrounded with an oblong netted wing.

Trunk slender, straight, 16 to 20 feet high, nnd from 1 to 1| broad.
Bark thin, yellowish-grey. Wood yellow, very hard, lough, close-
grained, and one of the finest in the Colony. It serves the cabinet-
maker for furniture and veneering, but is particularly adapted for the
manufacture of planes and carpenter's tools, engraving, &c. It is useful
also for poles, yokes, ploughs, &c.

This tree, whcse flowers fill the surrounding atmosphere Avith their
delightful smell, is pretty common in the aboriginal woods of the
Tzitsikamma, Krakakamma, and Addo (Uitenhage). Fl. October.

LOGANIACEJ^. Endl.

82.* Atherstonea JDecnssata. {Cajje Teak, ov Kajatenh out.)
— Branches and hranchlets decussate, 2-3 forked ; upper twigs
compressed, knotty. Leaves opposite or fascicled at the top of the
branchlets, ovate or ovate-oblong, entire, blunt, triplinerved,
revolute, leathery, smooth, glossy, pale and netted-veined below,
cuneate and lengthened into a short petiole, 1-2 inches long, \ to
an inch broad. Inter j)etiolary stipules represented by elevated
ridges at the bases of the leaf-stalks. Flowers hermaphrodite,
corymbose, minute, greenish; corymbs axillary, few-flowered,
bracts opposite, amplexicaul, concave, acute. Calyx 4-5 partite,
free, its segments ovate, blunt, and fringed at the margins. Corolla
monopetalous, regular, campanulate, externally smooth, internally
villoso-barbate ; lobes lanceolate, incurved at top and spreading
on expansion ; aestivation valvate. Stamens 4-5 adhering, to the
corolla, and alternating with the lobes ; anthers 2 locular, oval,
erect, introrse ; style simple, thickish, subcapitate, shorter than the
stamens ; genitals enclosed. Ovary 2 celled (?) Drupe oblong,
smooth. Seeds unknown.

This tree grows 20-25 feet high, and from 1 to 1^ feet broad. Bark
brown, rimpied. H ood reddish-brown, hard, heavy, tough, and less
brittle than Oak. It serves in the manufacture of rural utensils, but is
chiefly employed in the form of staves for cooper's work.

Grows in the thickets and forests of Uitenhage, Olifant's Hoek, and
elsewhere in the districts of tlie Eastern Province. Fl. JSTovember.

SCROPHULARIACEtE. Juss.

83. Halleria Lucida. Lin. {White Olive.) — Stem trichoto-
mously branched. Branches spreading. Leaves petiolate, oppo-

* Named in honour of Dr. W. G. Atherstone, of Graham's Town, a gentleman
whose merits rendered to South African Botany and Geology rank high, and to
whom I am under great obligations for valuable information towards this work.

30

site, ovate, acuminate, serrate, smooth. Floivers stalked, axillary,
aggregate, nodding ; peduncles one-flowered. Calyx persistent,
very short, 3 lobed. Corolla irregular, curved, funnel-shaped,
purple ; Unih bilabiate. Stamens 4, exserted ; stigma acute.
Berry globose, smooth. Bot. Magaz. t. 1,744.

Usual height of trunk, which is straight, about J2-14 feet; diameter
from 6 8 inches. Barli very thin, greyish- white, much rent. Wood
like Hed Beech, but of a finer grain, hard, tough and well adapted for
carpenter's work, planes, screws, joiner's benches, and tools of every
description. It also supplies the wagonmaker with a good article for
poles, &c.

This small tree is found both in the Western and Eastern districts.
Moisty, shady places are most favourable to its vigorous growth. Fl.
June— July.

84. Halleria Elliptica. Tlibg. (Oudehout.) — Branches opi^o-
site; twigs erect, quadranoular, patent. Leaves oblong, narrowed
towards each end, serrate, rigid, smooth. Flowers peduncled,
axillary, standing in two's. Corolla nearly equally lobed, tubular
at base, bell-shaped at top, purple, nodding. Stamens, style, and
herry as in Halleria lucida. Lin. Burm. Plant, Afric. Dec. t.
89, fig. 1.

Height 6-10 feet; diameter 8-9 inches. Bark white, smooth. Wood
yellowish, soft but tough. Used chiefly for plough-beams, axe handles,
&c.

In the woods of the Uitenhage district, and other parts of the Colony.
FI. June.

85. Nuxia Florihunda. Benth. (Wild Elder.) — Branches
greyish, white ; trvigs angular or compressed. Leaves opposite,
sub verti cilia te, mostly in threes, long-stalked, oblong-elliptical
blunt or mucronate, margined, penninerved, entire or faintly
toothed, smooth. Flowers panicled, white ; panicles terminal,
many-flowered, pyramidal, dichotomously branched. Calyx bell-
shaped, glossy, 4 toothed ; teeth short. Corolla short, tubular ;
limb patent, 4 lobed. Stamens 4:, exserted, style undivided; stigma
thick. Caj)sule 2 valved ; Seeds minute, numerous.

A handsome tree, measuring from 20 30 feet in height and from 1-2
in diameter. Bark thin, whitisli. Wood close, heavy, wiiite, and
useful for common furniture, rural implements, wagonwork, &c.

Grows in the forests of George, Uitenhage and Natal. Fl. May —
June.

86. Chilianthus Arboreus. Burch. {Wild Elder.) — Bran-
ches and twigs alternate, angular, shaggy. Leaves opposite,
stalked, oblong-lanceolate, acute, veiny, entire, hoary beneath,
much resembling those of the common Olive tree. Flowey^s
numerous, small, white, paniculated. Panicles large, fastigiate.

31

not unlike those of Sambucus 7iigra (Elder). Calyx 4 cleft, bell-
shaped, tomentose. Stamens 4, exserted ; style 1 , short. Capsule
ovate, 4 valved, 4 seeded. Jacq. Hort, Schoenbr. t. 29.

A small tree. Height without the branches about 10 feet ; diameter
8 to 10 inches. Wood hard and tough. Usi^d (or common furniture,
chairs, table-feet, &c.

To be met with in the Cape, Swellendam, and Uitenhage districts.
Fl. November— December.

87. Duddleia Salvicefolia. Lamh. (^Sage-wood) — Much bran-
ched. Branches quadrangular ; twigs erect, switchy. Leaves
almost sessile, opj3osite, lanceolate, crenate, cordate, acute, veined,
rugose, dark green above, and covered beneath with a thick rust-
coloured shag, along with the twigs, calyces, and flowers. Flowers
clustered, terminal, numerous, paniculated; p^^/^^67e.s' ovato-pyra-
midate. Calyx bell-shaped, 4 parted. Corolla regular, funnel-
shaped, 4 fid, yellow. Stamens 4:-, s^?//e simple. Ca^sw/e 2 valved,
many seeded. Jacq. Hort, Schoenbrun t. 28.

Height 12 to 15 feet ; diameter 8 to 10 inches. Wood hard, tough,
heavy, and well suited for wagonwork, ramrods, yokes, and rural
utensils of every kind. Mr. S. J. Hartman, an old experienced resident
in the Eastern Province, and an undoubted authority on frontier matters,
informs me, that it was this tree chiefly which furnished the Kafir
warriors with shafts, for their javelius or assagais.

Common in the districts of George, Uitenhage, Alban,y and Victoria
East. Fl. January -February.

LAURINEzE. Juss.

88. Oreodaphne JBullata. Nees ah. E. (Stinkivood, Stink-
hout.) — Much branched. Branches divaricating, smooth. Leaves
alternate, leathery, elliptical, veiny, netted, glabrous, entire,
attenuated into a channelled stalk, and having at the axils of the
lower costal veins on the underside deep hollows, ciliated at their
edges, and showing on the upper surface corresponding blisterlike
protuberances. Floivers small, racemose ; racemes lateral or
axillary. Peria7ith 6 parted ; lobes obtuse, deciduous. Corolla
none. Stamens 9 ; glands of the outer-stamens large, capitate.
'Style tapering; stigma peltate. Berry surrounded at base by
the enlarged, thickened, cup-shaped tube of the perianth. Hooker.
Bot. Magz. t. 3,931

Height from 60-70 feet; diameter from 3-5. Bark dark-grey,
moderately thick. The Wood of this beautiful tree (Mr. Barrow's
African Oak*) smells very disagreeably when cut or worked at, and
owing to the different stages of growth, three distinct varieties, the
white^ mottled, and dark, are produced by the same species. Siinkwood
is hard and durable, and the mottled and dark take an excellent polish

* Tho true African Oak of commerce is Oldfithlia Afriranu. Benth. & Hook

32

and resemble Walnut. Iii the Colony it is extensively used no less for
building purposes, tliaii for cabinetmaker's and carpen'^er's work. It
furnishes the finest and most substantial articles of furniture, is superior
to every other wood in the manufacture of gunstoeks, and serves the
wagonmaker also for various purposes. At tho river Knysna^ where
this tree attains a considerable size, the white variety has been employed
even in shij)- building.

In consequence, peihaps, of the peculi:\r odour exhaled by this wood
when fresh, furniture made of it is little infested by vermin.

Grows in the primev^al forests throughout a great portion of the
Colony, and is even found in the bushy ravines of Table Mountain.
There however, it is never allowed to become a stately tree, owing to
the wanton usage of firing the mountain every year, a practice which
not only destroys the most valuable timber, but greatly diminishes the
supply of water, the occasional Avant of which in summer would not be
felt so often, if the legislature Avere either to enact stringent laws against
the continuance of this outrage, or to enforce, in a modified form, those
in existence. Fl. October.

PROTEACE^. R. Br.

89. Lcucadendron Ai-genteum. B, Br. (Silver-tree ; Witte^
boom.) — Branches and twigs round, rough, erect, tomentose
Leaves crowded, sessile, alternate, lanceolate, glandular at top,
entire, silky. Flowers dioecious, capitate in both sexes. Capitula
many-flov/ered, terminal, solitary, surrounded with imbricated
leaves. Bracts dilated, imbricated, tomentose. Calyx 4 parted,
regular. Sta7nens 4 ; style filiform ; stigma oblique, clavate,
emarginate : C07ie of female flowers ovate, large ; its scales obtuse,
concave, woody. Nut black, one seeded, wingless, inclosed
within the scales of the C07ie.

Height from 8 to 10 feet; diameter from 8 to 12 inches. Bark
thick. Wood soft, spongy, and liable to be infested by insects. Used
occasionally for boxes, &c , but more commonly for fuel.

This handsome tree is, on account of its fine silvery foliage, seen at
a great distance, and has a very limited station, b^^ng peculiar only to
Cape Town and vicinity. Fl. September — October.

90. Protea Grandijlora. Lin. (Wagon-tree; Wagenhoom.)
— Much branched. Branches purplish, erect, smooth. Leaves
alternate, oblong, sessile, glabrous, blunt, leathery, veiny, entire,
callous at top. Floivers hermapliroditical, capitate, terminal.
Capitula large, half-round, terminal, involucratecl. Involucres
many-scaled ; outer scales ovate, clothed with a rust-coloured
shag ', inner ones spathulate, smooth. Perianth 2 partite, tomen-
tose ; staminiferoiis laminoe cohei'ing ; style awl-shaped, persistent.
Nut one-seeded, bearded. Bot. Magaz. t. 2,447.

Height about C-8 feet; breadth 6-8 inches. Bark brown, thick,
much rent. The ivood has a reddish tint ; its grain is beautifully

33 ,

reticulated, and renders it useful for ornamental furniture, picture frames,
&c. It is sometimes employed for fellies, ploughs, &c. The bruised
leaves mixed with a saturated solution of iron in water, produce a
tolerably good, black writing ink. The bark which furnishes a superior
article for tanning, is used as an astringent in diarrhoea, and good
charcoal is often made of the wood. Abundant in many parts of tlie
Western districts, and particularly comman in Ilout Bay. Fl April.

91. Leucospermum Conocarpum. R. Br. (Kreupelboom.)
— Branches spreading, very hairy. Leaves sessile, oval, rigid,
veiny, calloso-dentate towards the top, villose at base. Flowers
hermaphroditical, capitate, terminal, yellow. Capitula many-
flowered, involucrated. Involucres im\)\'\QdiiQ()i, persistent; scales
ovate, pointed, recurved, villose on the outside, smooth within.
Perianth irregular, 2 partite, bearded. Stamens 4; 5^?//e filiform ;
stigma thick, elongated, unequal-sided, smooth. Nut one-seeded,
glabrous, white.

Stem from 6 to 8 feet high, and from 4 to 6 inches in diameter;
dwarfish, with a flat, broad top. Bark brown, thick, cragged. Wood
reddish, tough but soft ; looking well when varnished. In the Colony
it 13 sometimes used for wagon fellies, but oftener for making charcoal,
and for fuel. The bark furnishes one of the best materials in the tanning
of skins, and a decoction of it is recommended as a powerful astringent.

Common near Cape Town and in other parts of the Colony. Fl.
September. — October.

92. Braheium Stellati folium. R. Br. {Wild Almond;
Wilde Amandelhoom. ) — Branches purplish, villose at top. Leaves
whorled, petiolate, lanceolate, acute, serrato dentate, rigid, veiny,
smooth, green above, pale and netted beneath. Petioles very-
short. Flowers polygamous, fascicled, spiked, white, sweet-
scented, supported by 07ie common bract. Spikes axillary ;
peduncles tomentose. Perianth 4 leaved, regular ; stamina 4 ;
style filiform, vertical. Fruit dry, one-seeded ; kernel bony.

Stem from 8 to 10 feet high, and from ^ to 1^ feet broad. Bark
thick, greyish-brown. Wood red, reticulated, looking extremely hand-
some when polished, and fit to be used for ornamental joiner's and
turner's work. As yet is has been little employed except as firewood.
The bark of this proteaceous plant also contains a great deal of the
tanning principle. The fruit, a drupe, is clothed in a velvety coat, and
has received the vernacular name from its striking similarity to the
almond. After having been soaked for some days in water, it is eaten
by the natives, being obnoxious* when quite fresh. The kernel, when
roasted, is used as coffee.

*A fatal case of poisoning caused by tlie eating of the Wild Almmidm its raw state
has just (May, 1862) occurred at Genadeudal, where the shrub grows in abundance.
A little girl, 6 years, ol age having pai'taken of a quantity of this fruit, shortly
afterwards complained of nausea and headache, followed by vomiting, purging, and
pains in the stomach and abdomen. Dr. Roser who was sent for three hours after
F

34

Found ill the thickets and woody ravines on the east side of Table
Mountain, and in many other localities. Fl. December.

SANTALACE^ R. Br.

93. Osyris Compressa. A. DC. (Thesium Colpoon,Thhg.)
(Pruiyjibast.) — Srawhes tricliotomous, erect; t^vigs angular,
compressed, smooth. Leaves on short stalks, opposite, ovate, entire,
mucronate, glabrous. Floivei^s monoecious, small, paniculate,
terminal. Corolla none. Perianth turbinate, 4 cleft ; stamens
4 ; style short ; stigma 4 lobed. Drupe baccate, obovate, one-
seeded. Berg. Plant. Cap. Tab 1. Fig 1.

Height of stem from 4 to 5 feet ; diameter 4 to 6 inches. BarTi grey
thin. Wood heavy, fine grained ; useful to the turner and joiner, and
very fit for fancy work. The whole of this bush contains a great deal
of tanning matter, and is for that reason employed by many colonists
for that purpose.

Common in most of the Western parts of the Colony. Fl. May.

MORE^. Endl.

94. Urostigma Natalense. Miq. — Much branched. Branches
patent, wrinkled, white, smooth. Leaves at the top of the branches
stalked, obovate, bluntly-pointed, entire, membranaceous, glabrous,
penninerved and netted beneath. Flowers moncBcious, crowded,
enclosed within small, fleshy, globose, pisiform receptacles, which
are solitary, axillary, almost sessile, and supported at their bases
by 3 bracts.

The wild Fig-tree (the t'Kaa or Na-touw of the Hottentots and the
Uluzi of the Kafirs) grows to a considerable height ; its diameter being
from 8 to 10 inches. i?a?-^ white, smooth Wood \\\^\\t, spongy, very
porous. T\\Q fibres of the bark serve the natives for the manufocture of
very serviceable ropes.

Common in the aboriginal forests of the Uiteuhage, Albany, and
Victoria East districts; also in Caffraria Proper, and at Fort Natal. Fl.
July.

95. Sycomorus Capensis, Miq. (Bush-Jig, or Malabar-tree )
— Branches v/hite, spreading. Leaves stalked, ovate or ovate-
oblong, entire or sinuato-dentate, apiculate, veined, smooth,
membranous, pale on the underside, three or four times as long
as the petioles. Fruit stalked, scattered on the branches, top-

these symptoms had first made their appearance, found the child in spasms and
nearly insensible. Emetics and antispasmodics promptly administered jjroved
ineffective, and the poor little sufferer soon expired under convulsions.

At a post-mortem examitiation made next day, the entire mucous membrane of
the stomach and bowels, and particularly that of the colon, Mas found inflamed ;
the stomach empty and the other viscera perfectly healthy.

35

shaped, as larg^e or somewhat larger than a hazelnut. Hook.
Lond. Journ. of Botan. vol 7. tab. 3. B.

A tree of considerable size and width. Z?a;7£ rougli, fibrous. Wood
white, sofr, and of little value.

Common in the primeval forests of the Krakakamma, Tzitsikamma,
Zuurbergen and Natal — Nov.

CELTIDE^. Rich.

96. Celtis rhamMifolia. Prsl. (Rhamnus celtifolius. Thhfj.)
— {Camdehoo- Stinkwood.) Branches and twigs pimpled, rou"-h.
Leaves short-stalked, alternate, ovate, bluntly-acuminate, serrate,
more or less unequal sided at base, pale with elevated veins below,
leathery, smooth. Flowers monoecious, stalked, solitary or
clustered, axillary, greenish, small. Flower-stalks pilose. Perianth
4 celft, persistent ; its segments ovate, concave. Corolla none.
Stamens 4, shorter than the perianth and opposite its lobes ;
anthers cordate, introrse ; ovary ovate, hispid, 1 celled ; stigmata
2 terminal, recurved. Z>rwj;e fleshy, yellow. Burm. PI. African.
Decad. t. 88.

Height 20, diameter 2 feet and more. Barh grey, even. Wood
yellowish-white, tough. Used for planks, yokes, triggers, axehandles,
laths, fences, and cooper's work. The Kafir name for this tree is
Omhahe

Common in the forests both of the Western and Eastern Provinces, and
in British Caffraria. Fl. — Sept.

AMENTACE^. Juss.

97. Salix Gariepina. Burch. (JVillow-tree ', Wilgehooni.)
— Branches smooth, pendulous. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute,
sawed, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Scales of the catkins downy.
3fale catkins cylindrical ; stamens 5 ; female catkins racemose.
Capsules stalked, ovate, 2 valved. (Burchell.)

Height from 15 to 20 feet ; breadth from 1|^ to 2. Bark brOAvn, almost
like cork. Wood wdiite, light, soft ; liable to attack by insects of the
beetle tribe. The larger twigs are used for spars in house building, the
slender ones in the manufacture of baskets, &c.

This tree much resembles the Weeping-willow, and grows chiefly
along the banks of the river Gariep.

CONIFERiE. Juss.

98. Widdringtonia Juniper oides. Endl. {Cedar-tree; Ceder-
boom.) — Branches purplish, squarrose, twiggy. Leaves opposite,
minute, decussate, densely imbricated, appressed, ovate, connate.

36

bluntly pointed, glabrous, glanduliferous. Flowers dioecious.
Male catkins terminal, solitary; female ones, lateral. Cones
globose, 4 valved ; valves woody, erect, mucronate.

This valuable tree, if not disturbed, attains a very considerable size.
Its usual height, however, is from 15 to 20 feet, and its diameter from 3
to 4. The wood resembles fir, has a peculiar smell, and makes valuable
timber for ship and housebuilding. It is also useful to the cabinetmaker
for various kinds of furniture : chests, drawers, chairs, tables, Avardrobes,
&c., which are durable on account of the resinous smell of the wood,
which keeps them from the aggressions of insects.

Sir James Alexander, in his exploring expedition into the interior
of Africa (vol. I., pag. 230, sqq.), in making mention of the Cedar tree^
remarks, that one of them was cut down in 1836, which was 36 feet in
girth, and out of w^hose giant arms 1,000 feet of planking were sawn.
He bitterly complains, that this noble tree is fast disappearing in the
Cedar Mountains. Mr. W. von Meyer,* another South African traveller.
Bays, that in former days the whole of the mountainous chain, to which
the Cedar Mountains belong, was studded with these trees, but that of
late the axe and conflagrations have done their utmost to destroy the
valuable forests.

From the branches and cones of this tree exudes a gum, which soon
hardens in the air, becomes solid, yellowish, and transparent, and
scarcely ditfers from the Gummi Olibanum, an article well known to
commerce. This gum is successfully used in the form of fumigations ia
gout, rheumatism, or oedematous swellings ; and is also employed for
the purpose of compounding plasters or preparing varnish.

Found only in the Cedar Mountains, in the Clanwilliam district.

99. Widdringtonia Cupressoides. Endl. {Sa'pree-wood.) —
Branches alternate, erect. Leaves quadrifarious, imbricate, sessile,
oppressed, oblong, blunt, smooth. Inflorescence ?ind. fructification
like that of the preceding species.

Attains the height of ]2 feet, and measures 6 to 8 inches in diameter.
The wood is rather light, but said to be of service for cooper's w^ork,
especially in the manufacture of pails.

Not uncommon in elevated localities throughout a great portion of
the Colony, but seldom allowed to grow to maturity, in consequence of
the destructive fires already alluded to.

TAXINE^. Rich.

100. Podocarpus Elongatus, VKerit. (^Outeniqua Yellow-
wood.) — Branches whorled, spreading; ^?y^^.s^ angular, somewhat
compressed. Leaves almost sessile, alternate, narrow, linear-
lanceolate, acutely mucronate, entire, smooth. Flowers dioecious;
male catkins terminal, clustered, spiked, surrounded at base with

* Reisen in SUd-Africa, wahrend der Jahre 1840 und 1841. Hamburg, 1843, 8vo.
pag. 131.

37

imbricated bracts. Stamens several, short. Female catkins stalked,
axillary, solitary, destitute of bracts, one-flowered. Drupe one-
celled, roundish, elliptical, half immersed in the fleshy receptacle.

Height from 50 to 70 feet ; diameter from 3 to 7. Bark thin, grey,
smooth. Wood yellowish, uot imlike deal, but destitute of resiu. It is
the Omcaba of the Kafirs.

Extensively used in the Colony as timber, in the shape of beams,
plauks, floors, &c., but also for all kinds of carpenter's and joiner's work,
such as bedsteads, tables, presses, chairs ; in fact, for common furniture
of every description, and looks exceedingly well when polished. The
lofty stem of this tree is serviceable for top masts and yards of ships.
Common in the primeval forests of the Kuysna, where it is found ia
greatest perfection.

101. Podocarpus Thunbe7'gii. Hook. (Upright Yellow-wood.)
— Leaves broad-oblong, lanceolate, blunt with a callous point,
narrowed into a short stalk, one-nerved, leathery, smooth. Male
catkins short, axillary ; female one solitary, stalked ; stalk as
long as the 2 teethed receptacle. Branches and fruit as in P,
elongatus. Hook. Lond. Journ. of Botany, vol. 1. tab. 22.

Stem very straight. Height 40-60 feet ; diameter 3 to 4. Bark thin,
whitish-grey. Wood bright-yellow, very handsome when polished, of
finer grain, and greatly superior to the former. It is particularly fit
for furniture, but not less so for a variety of other purposes. The leaves
are the broadest of any of the South African species of the genus.

Grows in the forests both of the Western and Eastern districts. Fl.
September.

102. Podocarpus Pruinosus. E, M. (Bastard Yellow-
wood.) — ^ra/ic/ie^grey, much spreading; ^w/^s angular. Leaves
distichous, subsessile, linear -lanceolate, subfalcate, acute, leathery,
glaucous, 10 lines to an inch, long, 1| to 2 lines broad. 3Iale
catkins cylindrical, 3-4 lines long, crowded in the axils of the
leaves ; female flowers and drupes unknown to me.

Attains a very considerable height and circumference. Wood pale-
yellow, tough, but in all respects inferior to the two preceding species,
though extensively used for building purposes throughout the Colony
and British Caffraria. Among the Kafirs it goes by the name of
Omtemseha.

Common in the forests of the Colony and beyond it.

38

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APPENDIX I.

MYRICA CORDIFOLIA, LIN,— THE CAPE WAX-
BERRY MYRTLE.

About a century ago it was the opinion of Naturalists, and
believed by most people, that wax was a mere vegetable substance,
a primary constituent of plants, and especially found in the pollen
or dustlike powder which fills the cells in the anthers of flowers.
From these it was supposed, that the wax was extracted by the
labouring bee, then transformed and modified by animal digestion,
and ultimately used for the purpose of making the combs of the
bee-hive. Recent researches however, and particularly the acute
observations and sagacious experiments of Huber, have proved
this theory to be erroneous, showing that bees' wax is really the
peculiar secretion of the working bee.

Yet wax is likewise a vegetable production, frequently seen,
not only on the upper surface of the leaves of many plants, but
also on the epidermis of various fruits, viz : the plum, grape,
fig, &c., forming what is called the bloom, and serving apparently
as a kind of varnish against moisture.

There are, besides, plants which produce vegetable wax in
great abundance, and amongst them the genus Myrica has long
been know^n for its fecundity in yielding this substance. Wax
obtained from the Myrica Cerifera (the candles' berry myrtle),
an American shrub, which grows plentifully in the swamps and
marshes of Carolina, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, was an article
of commerce more than a century ago, and appears to have been
exported in the form of cakes from these American colonies to
England long before their struggle for independence commenced.

At the Cape seven* species of Myrica have been discovered,
named, and botanically described. All of them are ceriferous,
but particularly the following three, of which a somewhat detailed
diagnosis is here given : —

I. MYRICA CORDIFOLIA. LIN".

Shrubby. Height 2 to 6 feet above ground; stem erect,
smooth, ash-grey, very branchy. Branches curved and ranged
in whorls j the upper leafy-ones pubescent. Leaves crowded at

* Myrica Cordifolia, Aethiopica, Serrata, Quercifolia, Brevifolia, Kraussiaua, and
Burmanni.

4.^

top, small, sessile, smooth, rather stiff, nearly cordate, toothed,
bluntly poii)ted, and covered on the under surface with impressed
resinous dots. Flowers forming catkins m the axils of the
branches and on the stem ; 7nale catkins spiked ; scales ovate,
concave, fringed ; female catkins ovate, solitary. Fruit berry or
drupe round, of the size of a 5 gr. pill, and covered with a white
"vvaxy crust.

11. MYPJCA SERRATA. LAMK.

Shrubby. 2 to 3 feet high. Branches striped, pubescent.
Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated into leaf-stalks,
downy, unequally jagged on the margins, green above, and
covered beneath w^ith numerous yellow dots. Catkins axillary ;
scales ovate, pointed. Drupe smaller as in the preceding species.

III. MYRICA QUERCIFOLIA.* LIN".

Shrubby. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, erect. Branches spreading in
whorls, curved, downy. Leaves alternate, obovate-oblong, blunt,
attenuated at base, smooth, slashed, about one inch long, bearing
resinous dots on the lower surface. Lnflovescence as in the former
species. Fruit rather small.

Myrica Cordifolia and Myrica Serrata have been figured and
imperfectly described by J. Burmann, t from drawings made
by order of Governor S. van dkr Stell, but not the slightest
mention is made of their utility, or peculiarity in yielding wax.
The first and principle information -with regard to the usefulness
of the waxberry myrtle in the Cape colony, is contained in a
letter addressed to the Revd. Mr. A. Buurt, at Amsterdam, by
the Revd. J. F. Bode, then minister of the Dutch Reformed
Church in Cape Town, and of which the following is a faithful
translation : —

"Cabo, March 1, 1777.

'•Reverend Sir,— By this opportunity I send you a small box con-
taining three sea-plants, with which, I hope, y()U Avill be pleased, and
a small branch covered with white berries. This is a slirub that grows
on the sandy hills or downs, between the Cape and Slellenbosch, and
whose fi uit, when boiled in water, furnishes a beautiful wax.

" I have, I believe, transmit ted to you some years ago a specimen of
this wax, which however, has turned out to be of greenish lint.

" This shrub has been taken little notice of hitherto, or rather
neglected, but in October and November last, some persons commenced

* BIyrica Laciniata, Willd. is nothing but a variety of this species.

t Rariorura Africanarum plautarum decades 10. i\mstcrd. 1739. 4to, pag.
262— 2G3. Tab. 98, fig. 1 and 3.

46

collecting the berries, preparing from them a kind of wax, which is
useful for all purposes where wax is needed. A muid of the berries
yiebis 15—20 lbs. of wax. In course of time this may become an
article of commerce, for the plant grows in the dry sands, where
nothing else will thrive, and of that description of soil we have over-
abundance. Who can tell what more may be discovered.

" Speaking of the fruits or berries, I must observe, that the sparrow
hawk* is extremely fond of them, and that they should be gathered
before the great heat of the summer sets in, in order to prevent their
melting on the bush, as is already visible on some of them. There are
several farmers here that have collected some hundreds of pounds.
I do not exactly know the size of the shrub, but I presume it cannot be
less than 5 or 6 feet in height. All this I hope to ascertain myself, &c.

"J. F. BODE.t
" The Kevd. A. Buurt, Amsterdam."

The wax-bush referred to in this document is the Myrica
Cordifolia, a shrub not only common in the locality named, but
also in the sandy tracts which gird the shores of the Colony. It
is as abundant at Cape L'Agulhas and in tlie downs of Algoa
Bay, as in the vicinity of Cape Town, and will probably be
found likewise on the Western Coast. Few plants are better
calculated to keep down the loose shifting sand than this, and
for that reason alone, it would be of infinite service, were it not for
the additional benefit derived from the waxy coat of its drupes.
When the intelligent wanderer drags his weary steps through the
deep sands of these inhospitable wastes, he will meet with a bush,
which at first sight appears to be low and insignificant. On
closer inspection the delusion will vanish ; for what seemed at a
distance a middle-sized slirub, is now discovered to be branches
only of a subterraneous, creeping trunk of considerable length. %
It should be remarked, that the male plant attains a larger size
than the female.

Wax obtained from plants of the Myrica tribe exudes from the
surface of the fruits, chiefly towards the time of their maturity.
It is exhaled in a licjuid state, but soon hardens when exposed to
the atmosphere, and forms a white powder, which under the
microscope displays the shape of minute scales.

This vegetable-wax, and that prepared by bees, must be regarded
as a concrete fixed oil. Both kinds are indifferent to the action

• The bird alluded to in this letter, is Colius Capensis, the muisvogel of the
colonists.

t Neue kurzgefasste Beschreibung des Yorgebirges der guten Hoffuung. Leipz.
1779. 8 pag. 217 and 218.

. X The wood of this shrub is very brittle ; hence its vernacular name of Glashout
(Glasswood).

47

of acids, and contain a large proportion of Oxy<jen. Vegetable
•wax differs however in the following points :

Myrica-Wax before it is bleached has a greenish hue ; its
specific gravity exceeds that of animal wax ; it is harder, more
brittle, easily powdered, and melts more readily. It contains
besides a good deal of a peculiar substance, which is analogous
to Stearine or Stearic-ackl, and which, for that reason is called
Myric'ine. Bees-wax contains a smaller quantity of this ingre-
dient, but a much larger one of Cerine, another constituent of
wax. Vegetahle-wax dissolves in boiling turpentine, and combined
with Alkalis forms a compound possessing the properties of Soap.
In mauufacturing candles, an equal proportion of tallow ought to
be added to it, in order to make them burn brightly, for candies
prepared from the wax alone, give a rather dim and insufficient
light.

The proper time for collecting the fruit of Myrica are the
months from May to November, when they are found to have
arrived at maturity. At all events, the bush and its branches
should be preserved in the process, and the rude manner in which
the berries have generally been gathered hitherto, ought to be
abandoned. The ripe fruit being but loosely attached to the
branches, may be stripped off with ease, or be obtained by placing
a piece of canvas underneath. By sti-iking the bush gently with
a stick or shaking it, the fruit will drop off on the canvas.

The Candle Berry Myrtle is best propagated by sowing its
seeds, which ought to be done in autumn, after the first rains have
steadied the sand, which is its principal location, although it
thrives as well and as vigorously in richer soil, nay even ascends
mountainous regions, removed for many miles from the sea-shore.
Lichtenstein found the Myrica Cordifolia abundently on the
Zwarteberg, near Caledon, but the bush did not exceed two feet
in height, an observation which has since been corroborated by
subsequent Botanists. These shrubs may also be multiplied by
cuttings and layers, a practice generally adopted for their propa-
gation in the gardens of Euiope.

Of late a method for purifying the Myrica Wax has been dis-
covered, and some little energy displayed by the farmers would
make this production a valuable article of export. The^ bark of
the stem and root being astringent is used for tanning skins.

APPENDIX 11.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOUTH-AFRICAN
ECONOMIC FLORA.

1. Aheriacaffra. Harv. 3Iss. (^Bixaceai) — Branches flexuose,
greyisli-white, spiny. Leaves exstipulate, short stalked, lo\ver-
ones fascicled, upper alternate, entire, ovate, blunt, veined, glossy,
perfectly smooth, reflexed. Flowers dioecious, axillary, small.
Fetals none. Male flowers cymose, female solitary. Calyx of
male flower 5 cleft; seipals oblong, fimbriato-ciliate. Stamens
12, erect, exserted. Calyx of female flower 7-8 partite, persistent;
styles 7, pilose. Fruit fleshy, 4 celled, 3-4 seeded, crowned with
the withered styles ; i^lacentoe 7, parietal ; seeds shaggy.

A shrub or middling tree, and native of Caflfraria Proper. The fruit
(Kei-apple) having the size and appearance of a large plum or small
apricot, is of a sourish taste but edible, and makes good preserve.

2. Adenogramma galioides. Fenzl. {Caryophylle^.^ Annual.
Stems herbaceous, procumbent, spreading, branched from above
the root. Branches slender, alternate. Leaves narrow-linear,
whorled, glaucous, acute, smooth. Flowers minute, crowded,
axillary, umbellate. C«/ya? 5 partite ; sepals oblong, blunt. Fetals
none; stamens 6', s^j/Ze simple; s^i/77?^a capitate; crt;^;^^/^ obliquely
acuminate, brown.

This little herb, the Mugge-grass (Gnat-grass) of the colouists,
which during the wet season occurs abundantly, is regarded as superior
fodder for cattle, which fatten when feeding upon it.

3. Asparagus laricinus. Burch. (Smilacece ) — Perennial.
Stem twining, smooth. Branches alternate, bent backward,
armed at base and at the axils of the leaves with solitary, short,
straight, reflexed prickles. Leaves subverticillate, clustered,
awl-shaped, sharp-pointed, stipulate, longer than the internodes.
Peduncles 2, very slender, one flowered, pendulous, nodulose
above the base. Flowers bell-shaped, patent, white, small.

The young succulent shoots of this and several other wild species of
Asparagus furnish a most excellent dish ; they have an aromatic taste,
and are preferred by many to the European kind cultivated occasionally
in Cape gardens. The diuretic property of asparagus is well known.

4. Aponogeton distachyon. Lin. {Saururece.) — JRoo^ tuberous,
fleshy, submerged. Leaves radical long stalked, oval or lanceolate,

49

entire, smooth, floating. Flowers disposed in a double spike on
the top of the common peduncle, and placed within an ovate bract.

The root of this water-plant (Wateruintjes ; Wa»er-onions) when
roasted, is very palatable, and someAvhat resembles the chesaut in taste.
Its flowers, which are hightly scented, are eaten as spinage, and used
as pickles.

5. Andropogon Iwarancusa. Neesah. E, {GraminecB.) —
Culm simple, knotty, smooth. Leaves linear, rough at the
margins. Spikes 2, few-flowered, fascicled, bracteate ; rachis
and pedicels of the male hairy ; inferior glume oval, oblong, blunt;
the fertile flower awned.

The creeping fibrous roots of this grass have a peculiar and rather
ferulaceous smell. By the name of Akirwanie they are known to most
colonists, and serve as a preventative agaiust the destruction of wearing
apparel, &c., by moths and other noxious vermin. This grass is also
very healthy and nutritious food for all kinds of livestock.

6. Annesorhiza capensis, Ch. and Schltdl. (JJmbelliferceS)
— Root spindle-shaped. Radical leaves prostrate, 2 pinnatisected,
smooth, soon withering. Stem leafless, streaked; hranckes
erect; umbels terminal, with only a few rays; involucre few-
leaved ; involucels ovate, acute, as long as the flowers. Fruit
straw-coloured, winged.

The turnip-like root of this umbelliferous plant is very nutritious,
and has been used for many years past as food by the natives and
colonists, who call it Anise-root (Anys-wortel). It is much improved
by cultivation, loses its acrid taste, and becomes a very good vegetable.

7. Cucumis Africanus. Lin. Jil. (Cucurbitacecs.) — Stem
angular, smooth, decumbent. Leaves alternate, stalked, 3-5 lobed,
shaggy, hispid underneath. Flowers peduncled, single, opposite
the leaves. Fruit an oblong, bristly pepo.

This species of cucumber (Thorn-cucumber J , which is easily recog-
nized by its prickly coat, inhabits the more remote northern portion of
the Colony. It supplies horses and cattle with a welcome cooling food
in those dry and dreary regions, and has found its way into the gardens
of the colonists, who use it in the form of pickles.

8. Ctiperus textilis. Thbg. ( Cy per acece.)— Culm round,
sraoothj erect, leafless, sheathed at base. Umbel decompound ;
leaves of the involucre numerous, stiff", rough, twice or three
times longer than the umbel. Spikelets compressed, 10-15
flowered, sharp-pointed.

A rush, 2 or 3 feet high, which grows in marshy localities and in the
beds of rivulets. From it baskets and mats are manufactured by the
natives, who call it Mat-rush (raatjesgoed),

H

50

9. Ele(jia nuda. Efidl. (Restiacece.) — Rootstock scaly, creep-
inon. Stems simple ; leaflets erect, round, articulated, sheathed at
intervals, smooth. Sheaths cylindrical, awned, persistent below,
deciduous above. Flowers dioecious, panicled, clustered, sessile,
supported by a small, obovate, acute scale or bract. Panicles
terminal, forming a spike.

This useful reed (Thatc1dng-reed\ DakrietJ covers the sandy tracts
of a great portion of the Colouy. Not only does it fix the otherwise
shifting sand, but supplies the ftirraers with a most excellent material
for roofing their houses.

10. Emex spmosits. Campd. (Polygonece) — Herbaceous,
Leaves ovate, cordate at base. Flowers polygamous, standing in
whorls. Perianth 6 parted, spiny, covering the oblong nut.

The young leaves of this herb, which belongs to the sorrel tribe, are
used as spinags. They make a tolerably good dish, and are slightly
aperient The colonial name is Duhleltjes-hldren.

11. FiciniafliUformis. Schrad. ( Ct/ per acece) — 'Root fibrous.
Ctdm and leaves very slender; spikelets 3 to 5, lateral, ovate,
compressed. Involucre formed by two leaves, the upper one of
which is very long. Fruit obovate, rough.

On account of its elasticity, this sedge is extensively used for stuffing
beds, matresses, &c. It grows in dense tufts, and is common in many
parts of the Colony.

12. Gnidia opjoositifolia. Lin. (Thymelece) — Stem shrubby,
erect, branchyj branches and twigs slender, purplish, forked,
leafy. Leaves alternately opposite, sessile, erect, ovate, acute,
keeled, smooth, often glaucous on the upper surface. Flowers
sessile, tei'minal, capitate; flower-heads 4-5 flowered. Calyx
none. Perianth funnel-shaped, clothed externally with greyish-
white dovt n ; limb 4 partite ; lobes ovate, blunt, patent, internally
smooth ; throat crowned with 4 oblong, brown, petal-like scales.
Anthers 8 ; filaments short; style filiform ; stigma pin headed.

The bark of the stem and larger branches of this as of all other
Thymelcae, being exceedingly tenacious, is converted by the natives
into a kind of very strong cordage or rope. It is the Kanna-hast of
Hottentots.

13. Grnbbia stricta. A. DC. Taxus Tomentosa Thbg.
(Grubbiacew.) — Shrubby. Branches 4 angular, smooth; bratich-
lets appressedly haiiy, streaked. Leaves stalked, alternately-
opposite, linear-lanceolate, apiculate, entire, revolute at the margins,
glossy, and papiliated above, woolly below. Flowers herma-
phrodite, connate into a cone. Cone axillary, many flowered,

51

sessile, ovate, globose when mature. Stamens 8, of unequal
length ; ova?y inferior ; style short.

The big bulky roots of this shrub, which grows ou the mountains of
the Stellenbosch, Tulbngh, Caledon, aud SAvellendam districts, furnishes
superior charcoal. Its frui\ which has the size of a pepper-corn, is
exceedingly hard and almost bony.

15. Hermas gigantea. Lin. {Um'bellifercB)—Stem round,
leafless, erect, branchy. Branches alternate, spreading. Radical
leaves on long stalks, oblong, blunt, toothed, very woolly. Umbel
terminal, smooth. Involucre many -leaved, shorter than the umbel.
Flowers purple.

The thick, white, woolly integument of the leaves of this plant, serves
the natives for tinder, and the women prepare from it very curious
little fancy articles. The plant which grows on the mountains near
Tulbagh, in Du Toitskloof and on the Kaudeberg (Clanwilliam), is known
as the Tinder'bush (Tondel-blad).

15. Hibiscus Ludwigii, E ^' Z. (Malvaceoe) — Shrubby, often
8-12 feet high, slightly branched. Branches and leafstalks clothed
with starlike, yellowish down. Leaves stalked, deeply cordate
at base, 5 lobed, notched, rough with scattered hairs on both
surfaces. i^/o/<'er5 monadelphous, axillary, stalked, large, yellow;
stalks covered with stiff hairs and shorter than the petioles.
Involucre 5 partite, its leaflets ovate, many-nerved; sepals
lanceolate-ovate, pointed, 5 nerved ; cajnule ovate, acuminate,
bristly.

The stems of this Hibiscus furnish superior fibres of great toughness
and strength, resembling Jute or Manilla Hemp, and well adapted for
the manufacture of cords, ropes, and similar articles. This plant, which
is common in the George, Uitenhage, and Katriver districts, and known
there as Rose-touw, deserves cultivation.

16 Hydnora Africana. Thhg, {Cytineoi) — i^oofsfoc^ succulent,
creeping, purple inside. Stem simple. Branches and leaves none.
Flower solitary, hermaphroditical. Perianth fleshy, tubular,
swollen at base and divided at top into three segments. Stame?is
3; style one, short, thick; stigma nearly capitate. Fruit a
coated, round berry.

This interesting and extraordinary plant, which grows parasitically
on the roots of EiipTiorhia TirucalU and other succulent shrubs, is one of
the numerous discoveries made by Thunberg, who mistook it at first for
a Fungus. Its fruit, which like that of the Earth-nut, is subterraneous,
has the form, size, and taste of a potato.

It is of a reddish-brown tint, thoroughly mealy ; and when frijed
under the embers, very palatable. Some wild animals, and particularly
the porcupine (Hystrix cristata), are fond of this fruit, which is called
Kannip or Kauimp by Hottentots, and Jackals-kost by the Dutch Colonists.

52

17. Moraea edulis. Lin. (Iridece.) — Root a corm or
bulbous root. Scape round, sheathed, by a radical leaf, which is
three times its length ; upper leaf short. Flowers yellow or blue;
their stalks waving. Sjmthe scarious at topandawned. Capsule
columnar, trigonal.

The mealy bulbs, commonly known as Uintjes (bulbs), are nourishing
and somewhat approach chesniits in taste. In collecting them, it is
necessary to have them dug up by persons sufficiently acquainted with
the plant, and I have had an opportunity cf cautioning the public
elsewhere (Prodrorous. fl. med. Cap. p. 37), against the obnoxious
properties oi Homeria collina (the cape tulip.), the bulbs of which had
in one fatal case been eaten by mistake for those of this plant.

18. Moraea polystachya. Ker. {Iridece.) — Scape round,
articulated, divided into many spikes. Leaves plane, ribbed,
linear, tapering towards the apex. Spathe scarious at top. Flowers
large, showy blue.

In the Eastern districts this species serves the same purpose as the
preceding. Its young leaves, however, are said to be unwholesome to
horned cattle.

19. Mesembryanthemum edule. Lin. (MesemhryacecB.) —
Succulent. Stem erect; branches two-edged, prostrate, branching.
Leaves opposite, connate, scimitar-shaped, fleshy, serrulate at
their edges, perfectly smooth. Flowers solitary terminal, large,
yellow.

The antiseptic virtues of this valuable plant are too well known to
require comment. The fruit (Hottentots, Fig) has a pleasant, sourish
taste and is eaten either raw or preserved, and used as sweetmeats.

20. Osteospermum pisiferum. Lin. (Co7nposit(s). — Shrubby ^
unarmed. Branches erect, angular, spreading. Leaves on short
stalks, alternate, obovate, smooth, entire or grossly toothed.
Flowei'-lieads terminal and solitary on shaggy peduncles. External
scales of the invohicre lanceolate, internal ones broad-ovate, fringed,
sharp pointed. Papj^us none. Fruit of the ray baccate ; heryiel
bony.

The bony kernels or seeds are enclosed within an oblong berry-like
fruit, which, though small, is eaten by the natives and called by them
Biedouw'besjes. They are of a sweet taste and palatable.

21. Oxalis cermia. Lin. {Oxalide(B)-—'Rooth\\\bo\\<s. Leaves
radical, stalked, ternate ; leaflets obcordate, 2 lobed, often blotched,
smooth. Scape erect, umbelliferous. Flowers peduncled, the
open-ones erect, the closed-ones drooping. Stamens 10 ; styles 5,
very short.

A weed, common throughout a great portion of the Colony, where it
is known as the Wild Sorrell (Wilde Zuring.) On account of their

53

acidity, the leaves, mixed with other vegetables, are used for culinary
purposes. The bulbs, eaten raw, are pronounced to be a good ver-
mifuge.

22. Pelargonmyn peltatum. Ait. (Geraniacecs) — 6*^67?^ shrub-
like; branches angular somewhat downy. Leaves flesliy, 5 lobed,
nearly peltate, glandularly notched ; umbels 7-8 flowered ; petals
spreading.

The juice of the petals produces a blue colour of the tint of indigo,
and may be advantageously used fur painting; while the sap of the
leaves is astringent and antiseptic, and of good service in ulcerated
sore throat. The vernacular name of this plant is Kajir Sorrel (Kaflfer
Zuring.)

23. Peniclllaria Pluhenetii. Link. {Graminece) — Inflores-
cence racemose-oblong, cylindrical ; spikelets 2 flowered ; pedicels
villose, as long as the spikelets. I3Hstles of the involucre rough
or hairy, sometimes shorter than the spikelets. Glumes 2, short,
membranous. Lower flower either male or neuter ; upper
hermaphrodite or sometimes female ; palecB small, thin, blunt.
Stamens 3 ; anthers bearded at top; styles 2 ; stigmata tufted with
pencil-like hairs. Knots of the culm shaggy. Leaves rough.
(Nees ab. E.)

The Poco-grass of Caffraria and Natal, from the grains of which the
natives prepare an intoxicating liquor or beer.

24. Physalis pubescens, Lin, {Solanaceai) — Herbaceous,
hairy. Stem erect, branchy. Leaves stalked, cordate, wrinkled,
acute, entire or unequally toothed. Peduncles solitary, drooping.
Corolla rotate, yellow, marked with purple dots. Berry globose,
smooth, 2 celled, many-seeded, covered by the large, angular,
inflated calyx.

Although this plant, the Cape Oooseherry (Appel der Liefde), cannot
in the strict meaning of the word, be called indigenous, being a native
of South America, yet it has become so common in this country, that it
is found now in most shady localities, where it grows perfectly wild.
The round fruit, a fragrant, smooth, yellow berry, of the size of a goose-
berry or cherry, is agreeably acid and sweet, and very palatable. It
is eaten either raw, or made into a delicious marmalade.

25. Polygala myrtifoUa. Lin. (Polygalece.) — Stem shrubby,
much branched. Branches alternate, erect, shaggy. Leaves
oblong, leathery, blunt, entire, smooth. Flowers racemose,
axillary, crested.

The grey bark of this shrub is used by the Mahommedans (who call it
Langelier) for a particular purpose. It is scraped off when frcsli with
a knife or piece of broken glass, mixed with Avater, and stirred about
until it scums. With this saponaceous preparation they are in the
habit of washing their dead before interment.

54

26. Prionmm imhnita, E. 31. {luncaccce.^ — Stem partly sub-
mersed, black, tough, spongy, as thick as a man's arm; its rising
portion tall, often 8-12 feet high. Leaves broad-ensiform, sheathed ,
serrate, channelled, smooth. Flowers panicled. Panicles much
branched, terminal. Perianth scaly, double ; external-one 3
leaved ; internal 3 partite. Stamens 6. Ovary 3 angular ; style
1 ; stigmata 3 sessile, feathery. Capsule 3 valved, 3 celled, many-
seeded. Hook. Journ. of Botan. and Kew Garden Miscellany,
vol. 9. tab. 4.

The bases of the macerated old leaves yield an abundant supply
of strorg, coarse fibre, fit for the manufacture of brushes and brooms.
The rest of the leaves abounds in a more elongated and finer thready
substance available for a variety of economic purposes. The young
rootlets of the Palmiet furnish a good dish for the dinner table.

27. Ruhus pinnatus. WUld. {Rosacece.) — Shrubby. Branches^
stalkSf and nerves of the leaves, clothed with short down, and armed
with hooked prickles Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate, acuminate,
double-sawed, veiny, smooth. Stipules narrow, taper-pointed.
Calyx tomentose ; its segments longer than the petals. Flowers
racemose ; fruit black.

The fruit of the Bramble or Blachherry bush (Braambosch) ripens
in the month of January. It is equal in flavour and taste to that of
Europe. The roots are astringent, and used iu the form of decoction
against chronic diarrhoea, &c.

28. Sorghum saccharatum, Pers. {Graviinece.) — Culm
8-10 feet high, tinged with purple ; sheaths bearded. Leaver
broad, ensiform, acute, rough at the edges. Panicle close or
branching, erect ; branches whorled, flexuose, smooth or shaggy ;
rachis angular somewhat hairy ; spikelets ovate, mucronate ;
pales of fertile flowers unarmed ; glumes longer than the fruit,
white-reddish at base, fringed at the margin, slightly pubescent at
both ends, but smooth and glossy at the back. Seeds roundish
compressed, mucronate, white, dotted with purple.

This hardy grass, the African Sugar-cane, which abounds more or less
in saccharine juice, is extensively cultivated by the Kafirs and Fingoes,
who call it Imphee. '\ he young shoots in particular are very sweet,
and therefore chewn by these natives, while the mature grains serve
them for the preparation of flour. Amongst the colonial farmers this
plant goes by the nr^me of Zoet Stronk or Suiker riet.

29. Stapelia p)Uifera Lin. (Asclepiadece.) — Root fibrous.
Stem simple or branchy, leafless, succulent, round, furrowed
tubercled ; tubercles hair-pointed. Flowers stalked, solitary. Calyx
5 cleft J its segments ovate, acuminate, patent.

55

-/J he stem of this plant, which grows in the dreary Avastes of the
Karroo, is fleshy and of the size and form of a cucumber. It has an
insipid, yet cool and watery taste, and is eaten by the natives who call
it Guaap, for the purpose of quenching their thirst. Infused with
spirits, this plant is said to be a useful remedy in piles.

30. Suhria mttata. 1. Ag. (A/gce.) — Base callous, fixed
parasitically on the stems of larger Algae. Frond leaf-like,
linear-lanceolate, branchy, mid-ribbed at base, prolificating.
Prolifications issuing chiefly from the margins of the frond as
fringes, or in the form of small obovate leaves, which contain the
fructifictions. Substance cartilaginous j colour deep purple.

The whole of his handsome sea- weed is soluble in boiling water, and
transformed into a gelatinous mass. In the shape of jelly or hlanc^
mange it is usefully employed in pulmonary complaints, as a demul-
cent and nutritive.

31. Trachyandra revoluta Kih. (Asphodelece.)— Root gvo\yinQ
in clusters, fea^^e erect, compressed, divaricately branched. Leaves
radical, strap-shaped, fleshy, rough, erect. Flowers racemose,
stalked, bracteate; sepals spreading, revoUite. Capsule ovate,
furrowed j seeds small, globose.

The flower heads of this plant, which thrives abundantly in the deep
sands near the sea-shore, furnish a kind of culinary vegetable, which
somewhat resembles asparagus, and is known as Hottentot's Cabbage
(Hottentot's Kohl). When stewed and properly prepared, they make
no contemptible dish.

EXPLANATION OF BOTANICAL TERMS.

Abortive and abortion, terms used where the symmetry of the flower is

not complete, or imperfectly developed
Achenium, the fruit of the family of the Compositoe, which is one-seeded

and does not open, but the pericarp of which is separable.
Acuminate, tapering at top, sharp-pointed.
Acute, pointed, not tapering.

Aestivation, the arrangement of the petals in the un expanded bud.
AIcB, (wings), the lateral petals of papilionaceous flowers.
Alternate, placed one above another.
Amplexicaul, stem clasping.
Angular, having angles on the margin.
Anther, a membranaceous body, borne by the filament, containing a

dust-like powder.
Apiculate, tipped with a little point.
Areolate, divided into distinct angular spaces.
Arillus, a fleshy coat surrounding the seed.
Attenuate, gradually diminishing in breadth.
Axillary, growing in the axil.
Baccate, berried, covered with a soft flesh.
Beaked, terminating gradually in a straight point.
Bilabiate, two-lipped.

Bipinnate, if a compound leaf is divided twice in a pinnate manner.
Brachiate, when branches issue nearly at right angles.
Bract, a floral-leaf, a leaf from which flowers proceed.
Callous, hardened, indurated.

Calyx, flower cup, the exterior covering of a flower.
Campanulaie, bell-shaped.
Capitate, formed into a head.
Capitulum, a head of flowers in Compositce;
Capsule, a membranaceous seed-vessel, opening by valves,
Carina (or keel), the two anterior boat-shaped petals of a papilionaceous

flower.
Cartilaginous, hard and toughs.
Catkin, a deciduous unisexual spike, whose flowers are destitute of

calyx and corolla, but supplied with bracts.
Channelled, concave, so as to resemble a gutter.
Ciliated, fringed with short, stifi", marginal hairs.
Clavate, club shaped, gradually thickening upwards.
Compound, composed of several parts.
Compressed, flattened.

Cone, a dry fruit formed by scales covering naked seeds.
Connate, united at base.
Cordate, heart-shaped.
Coriaceous, leathery.
Corolla, the inner envelope of the flower, constituting what is commonly

called i\iQ flower.

57

Corona or coronet, scaly or petal-like bodies, ititervening between the

petals and the stamens.
Corymb, a raceme in which the lower stalks are longest, and the ni)])t'r
ones so shortened that the flowers are placed in one horizontal
plane.
Costate, provided with ribs.
Crenate, having rounded marginal teeth.
Cuneate, wedge-shaped.

Cyme, a branched inflorescence resembling an umhel, where the flowers
seem to lie in one plane, the successive central flowers exnaiidiiifr
first. *

Cylindrical, having a cylindrical shape.
Deciduous, falling off" after having performed its functions, as the calvx

of Grewia occidentalis.
Decussate, crossing at right angles.
Dichotomous, divided by two's; forked.
Didymous, growing in pairs.
Dioecious, a plant is called dioecious, when male and female organs

appear upon different individuals.
Distichous, regularly arranged one above another in two opposite rows,

one on each side of the stem.
Divaricating, issuing at an obtuse angle.
Drupe, a fleshy fruit enclosing a hard nut.
Dry, not fleshy.

Ellipsoidal, a solid with an elliptical figure.
Elliptical, pointed at both ends.
Emarginate, having a notch at the point.
Entire, without marginal teeth or incisions.
Epigynous, placed above the the ovary.
Fasciculate, standing in bundles.
Fastigiate, having a pyramidal shape, from the branches being parallel

and erect.
Ferrugineous, rust- coloured.
Filament, stalk, bearing the anther.
Filiform, thread-like, slender.
Flexuous, waving, bent in a zig-zag manner.
Foliaceous, leafy, having the appearance and structure of a leaf.
Follicle, a fruit formed by a single carpel and opening by one suture.
Glabrous, smooth, bald.
Glanduliferous, bearing glands.
Glaucous, covered with a pale-green bloom.
Globose, round, spherical.
Hermaphroditical, a flower is so called when both sexual parts are

contained in the same cover.
Hirsute, rough-haired, covered with long stiff hairs.
Hispid, covered with long rigid hairs.

Imbricated, sessile parts covering or overlapping each other likt^ tiles,
/wzpan-^mnft^e, unequally yoked ; pinnate leaves ending in an odd leaflet.
7?i/?ore5cence, a term applied to the way in which flowers are arranged

on a stalk or branch.
Introrse, turned inwards towards the centre of the part of attaciiment.
Involucre, bracts surrounding a head of flowers in a whorl.

58

Involute^ rolled inwards.

Lanceolate, tapering gradually to each end.

Leaflet, the division in a compound leaf.

Legume, a seed-pod with two valves, the seeds of which are fixed on

one and the same suture, but alternately upon the 2 valves.
Linear, very narrow; when the length much exceeds the breadth.
Lvnh, the broad part of a petal, or a leaflet forming part of the calyx,
Lobed, divided into segments.
Loculi, cavities in an anther or fruit.

Membranaceous, having the appearance and structure of a membrane.
Monadelphous, having the stamens united into one bundle.
Monoecious, when male and female flowers are separated from each

other, but grow upon the same individual plant.
Monopetalous corolla, a flower in which the petals are united at their

edges into a cup or tube, either entirely or at the base only.
Mucronate, abruptly terminating in a hard, sharp point.
Oblong, elliptical, obtuse at each end.
Ohovate, inversely ovate, viz : the broadest part being above the

middle.
Obtuse, blunt, not pointed.

Ovate, egg-shaped, broadest at base, narrowed upwards.
Panicle, an inflorescence where subordinate stalks are again divided.
Papilionaceous Flower, butterfly-shaped, consisting of 4 petals, the

vexillum, two al«, and the carina.
Patent, spreading horizontally.
Pedicel, the stalk supporting a single flower.
Peduncle, the general flower-stalk.
Peltate, shield-like, flattened and expanded at top.
Pendulous, hanging down.

Penni-nerved (leaf), whose ribs are disposed like the parts of a feather.
Perianth, a term used where the calyx and corolla are combined,

partaking of the nature of both.
Perigynous, growing round the ovary.
Persistent, remaining attached.

Petals, flower-leaves, leaves forming the corolline whorl.
Petiole, the leaf-stalk.
Pinnate (leaf), a compound leaf, having leaflets arranged on each side

of the central rib
Pinna, a leaflet.

Pisiform, having the shape and size of a pea.
Polygamous, plants bearing hermaphroditical, as well as distinct male

and female flowers.
Pubescent, covered with short and soft hairs.
Quadrangular, four-sided, four-angled.
Quadrifarious, in four rows.
ii?acewze, a cluster of flowers, where from one common stalk undivided

flower-stalks arise.
Rachis, the common stalk upon which the leaflets of a compound leaf

are inserted.
Receptacle, the expanded part ot the fruit-stalks, which bears the parts

of fructification.
Reflexed, bent backwards.

59

Reticulated, netted.
Rettise, blunt and slightly indented.
Revolute, rolled- backwards.
Rigid, stiflf, inflexible, not easily bent.
Rotate (corolla), whose limbs spread out at right angles.
Rufous, brown inclining to red.
Rugose, wrinkled.
9-Rhomhoid, oval, somewhat angular in the middle.
Scahrid, rough, covered with short, stiff hairs.
Serrate, toothed, like the indentations of a saw.
Sessile, stalkless.
Spathulate, shaped like a spatlle.
Spike, an inflorescence where stalkless flowers are arranged oq a

common axis.
Squarrose, when parts spread at right angles from one common axis.
♦Seamen, the male organ of a flower, formed by the filament or stalk,

and the anther.
Stigma, that upper part of the female organ of a flower, which has

a soft spongy structure, and is destined to the reception of the

impregnating principle.
Stipels, secondary stipules.
Stipule, a leaf-like appendage, situated at the base of real leaves, or

of leaf-stalks.
Style, the columnar or filiform elongation of the pistil, which supports

the stigma, and proceeds npwards from the ovary.
Ternate, composed of three leaflets.
Terminal, on the summit.
Tetragonous, having four angles.
Trifid, divided into three segments.

Tomentose, covered with dense, entangled, rigid short hairs.
Trichotomous, having the division of three's.
Trijolinte, consisting of three leaflets.
Triplinerved (leaf), whf n 3 ribs or nerves proceed from the base, but

where the two lateral -ones diverge from the midrib above the base.
Truncate, lopped oft", terminating abruptly.
Turbinate, formed like a top.
Umbel, an inflorescence in which numerous stalked flowers arise from

one point.
Umbilicus, the hilum or base of a seed.
Urceolute (corolla), when the tube is swollen or nearly globose, aud

contracted at the orifice with a small limb.
Valve^ the portions which separate self-opening capsules.
Ventricose, big-bellied, swelling out on one side.
VerticiUate, ranged in whorls.

Vexillum, standard, the upper petal of a papilionaceous flower.
Villose, shaggy, covered with Jong, weak hairs.
Whorl, a kind of inflorescence, in which the flowers are placed around

the stem or branch on a common axis.

INDEX

Page.

Acacia horrida, Willd 17

Apodytes dimidiata, W. Am 3

* Atherstonea decussata 29

Brabeium stellatifolium, R. Br 33

Brachylsena dentata, D. C 23

Buddleia salviaefolia, Lamk 31

Burchellia capensis, R, Br 20

Calodendron capense, Thbg 6

Canthium pyrifolium, Kl 22

Capparis albitrunca, Burch 1

Cassine capensis, Lin 10

Celastrus acuminatus, Lin 8

„ buxifolius, Lin 9

undatus, Thbg 8

Celtis rhamnifolia, Prsl 35

Chilian thus arboreus, D. C... 30

Cunonia capensis, Lin... 17

Curtisia faginea, Ait 19

Do vy alis rhamnoides, Harv 2

Eckebergia capensis, Sparrm 6

Elaeodendron croceum, D. C 11

Erythrina cafFra, Thbg 15

Euclea lanceolata, E. M 26

„ pseudebenus, E. M 25

„ racemosa, Lin 26

„ undulata, Thbg 26

Eugenia Zeyheri, Harv 19

Gardenia Rothmannia, Lin fil 21

„ Thunbergia Lin. fil 20

Gonioma kamassi, E. M 28

Grewia occidentalis, Lin 3

Grumilea cymosa, E. M 22

Halleria elliptica, Thbg 30

„ lucida,Lin 29

Harpephyllum caffrum, Bernh 14

Hartogia capensis, Thbg 10

Hippobromus alata, E. & Z 5

Ilex capensis. Sond. & Harv 12

Kiggelaria africana, Lin 3

Leucadendron argenteum, R. Br.... 32

Leucospermum conocarpon, R. Br. . . 33

Maurocenia capensis, Sond 10

Millettia caffra, Meisn 14

Mimusops obovata, Sond 24

Myaris inaequalis, Prsl 6

Myrsine melanophleos, R. Br 24

Mystroxilon Kubu, E. & Z 11

Niebuhria triphylla, Wendl 1

Nuxia floribunda, Benth 30

Ochna arborea, Burch 8

Olea capensis, Lin 28

Page.

Olea foveolata, E. M 2 7

„ laurifolia, Lamk 27

„ vurrucosa, Link 27

Olinia capensis, Kl \h

„ cymosa, Thbg i;i

Oreodaphne bullata, Xees. ab. E... 31

Osyris compressa, A. D. C 34

Philippia Chamissonis, Kl 2.'<

Phoberos Ecklonii, W. Arn 2

„ Mundtii, W. Arn 2

„ Zeyheri, W. Arn 2

Platylophus trifoliatus, Don 18

*PIectronia Mundtiana 21

., spinosa, Kl 22

„ ventosa, Lin 21

Podocarpus elongatus, I'Herit 36

„ pruinosus, E. M 37

„ Thunbergii, Hook 37

Protea grandiflora, Lin 32

Ptaeroxylon utile, E. & Z 5

Pterocelastrus rostratus, Walp 9

„ tricuspidatus, Sond... 9

„ variabilis, Sond 9

Rhus laevigata, Lin 13

„ lucida, Lin 13

„ tomentosa, Lin 13

„ Thunbergii, Hook 14

„ viminalis, Vahl 13

Royena glabra, Lin 25

„ lucida, Thbg 25

„ pubescens, Willd 25

Salix gariepina, Burch 35

Sapindus Pappea, Sond 4

Schmidelia decipiens, W. Arn 4

Schotia latifolia, Jacq U".

„ speciosa, Jacq 16

Scutia Commersoni, Brogn 12

Scytophyllum laurinum, E. & Z.... 11

Secamone Thunbergii, E. M 28

Sideroxylon inerme, Lin 24

Sycomorus capensis, Miq 34

Tarchonanthus comphoratus, Lin... 23

Trichilia Eckebergia, E, M 5

Trichocladus criuitus, Pers 18

Urostigma natalense, Miq 34

Vepris lanceolata, A. Juss ^

Virgilia capensis, Lamk 15

Widdringtonia cuprcssoides, Endl.. 36

„ juniperoides, Endl... 35

Xanthoxylon capense, Harv 7

Zizj'phus mucronata, Willd 12

SAUL S0L0310N AND CO, PRINTERS, LONGMARKET-STREET, CAPE TOWN.

FLORJl CAPENSIS lEDICJl
PRODROMUS;

AN ENUMERATION OP SOUTH AFRICAN
PLANTS USED AS REMEDIES

THE COLONISTS OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE

BY

L. PAPPE, M.D

I

Secotttr iStritiott :

WITH CORRECTIONS AND NUMEROUS ADDITIONS^

Mullum adhuc restai operis, muUumque restabit. — Seneca. Epist. 64.

CAPE TOWN :
W. BRITTAIN, 44, ST. GEORGE'S-STR E ET

1857. >

CAPE TOWN :

SAUL SOLOMON AND CO., STEAM PRINTING OFFICE,

LONGMARKET-STREET.

TO

CHEISTIAN FLECK, ESQ., M.D.,

OF CAPE TOWN,

THE ACCOMPLISHED PHYSICIAN,

THE SECOND EDITION OF THIS LITTLE WORK IS
INSCRIBED,

AS A SLIGHT MARK OF THE RESPECT, ESTEEM, AND GRATITUDE
OF HIS FRIEND,

t

THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

The first edition of this little work appeared towards
the close of 1850. It was intended as a commentary
to a choice collection of Cape medical drugs, sent by
Messrs. S H. Scheuble & Co. to the great London
Exhibition of 1851, and for which they obtained a well-
merited prize.

In the meantime, my pamphlet met with a reception
which surpassed my most sanguine expectations, and as
it soon became scarce, on account of the very limited
number of copies printed at the time, I was m'ged by
different parties, to prepare and issue a second impression.

Thus emboldened by repeated applications, I yield with
pleasure to the call, the more so, as I have since been
enabled to correct, improve, and make numerous additions.

Having been left entirely to my own resources, I
greatly regret the total w^ant of co-operation on the part
of the country practitioners, who have daily and ample
opportunities of making themselves acquainted with the
various domestic remedies commonly used.

The contents, therefore, of the present publication can
be considered only as preliminary, or as mere contribu-
tions to a more complete Cape Pharmacopoeia. There
can, indeed, be no doubt amongst reasonable men that,
judging from the vast extent of the South African Ter-
ritory^ and from the richness of its almost inexhaustible
Flora, many highly useful officinal drugs will still be
discovered. However, the greater part of" our informa-
tion on this point, we owe, not so much to scientific
research, as to the experience of the colonial flirmcr,
residing in the more remote parts of the interior, to
occasional travellers, or to the wanderino- native.

VI

In reviewing the first edition, I have found it advisable
to deviate to some extent from the orii^inal plan, by
inserting in the list several plants, which, though not
strictly indigenous, have yet become fully naturalized,
and are much used in the Colony.

There are, on the other hand, Cape plants of un-
questionable worth, which I have not enumerated, because
they are not actually employed by the inhabitants. The
different kinds of Sehcea ( Gentian ese), for instance, possess
a pleasant, bitter taste ; they could replace the Summi-
tates Centaurei mhioris of the Pharmacopoeias, and even
serve as a good substitute for Gentian. The large
tuberous roots of many of our beautiful and common
Orchidem, such as Satyrium erecturo, cucuUatum, candi-
dum, carneum, Disa barbata, lacera, etc., contain a
great quantity of a sweet mucilaginous, nutritious juice,
and might easily be transformed into Salep. The dried
and powdered leaves of our wild Olive trees (Olea
verrucosa and laurifolia) have the reputation of a styptic,
when applied to fresh bleeding wounds, and the herb
of Chironia haccifera to be of good service in syphilis.
A decoction of the gamboge-yellow, crusty epidermis of
the bark of Elceodendron croceum (Saffron-wood), is
said by some to counteract the deadly effects of the
bites from venomous snakes, when taken internally, and
the bark of Protea grandijiora, to act as an astringent
in diarrhoea and other complaints.

For the purpose of rendering this publication accessible
to persons more familiar with the sexual than the natural
system, I have added the Linnean classes and orders to
which the plants belong, as well as a glossary of techni-
cal terms, which, in works on Natural History, are in-
dispensable.

L. P.

Cape Town, 10th October, 1856.

AN ENUMERATION

OF

SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL PLANT8.

KNOWLTONIA. Salisb.

{Ranunculaceod, )
XIII. — 6. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

1. Knowltonia vesicatoria. Sims» Herbaceous. Leaves
triternate, leathery, smooth ; segments oval or sub-
cordate, sawed ; lateral ones obliquely truncate at
base. Flowers umbellate ; umbel nearly unbranched,
few-flowered ; flowers yellowish ; petals linear.

Every part of this acrid plant is used as an Epispastic.
The bruised herb, when applied to a painful part, raises a
blister. It is therefore recommended in rheumatism,
ischias, lumbago, and similar affections caused by sudden
atmospheric changes. The root, when cut in slices, is a
good substitute for Emplastrum Janini- The plant is found
in almost every part of the Colony, and from its effects is
well known by the name of Brandhlarsti.

RANUNCULUS. Lin.

(Ranunculaceos.)
XIII. — 6. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

2. Ranunculus puhescens. Thbg. Root fibrous. Stem
herbaceous, erect, downy ; all the leaves hairy ; the
radical ones petiolate, ternate, their leaflets inciso-
dentate. Leaves of the stem either trifid or subpin-
natifid, toothed ; the uppermost sessile. Flowers
stalked, single, terminal, yellow. Calyx reflexed ;
carpels smooth, slightly mucronate, tuberculated.

This herb grows in ditches and marshes, etc., and is
peculiar to the Cape and Uitenhage districts. The ex-
pressed juice, when fresh, is recommended in carcinoma-
tous ulcers, and therefore has received the Dutch name of
Kanherhldren.

CISSAMPELOS. Lin.

(^Menispermacece.)

XXII. — 10. DIOECIA MONADELPHIA. LIN, SYST.

3. Cissampelos capensis, Lin. Stem shrubby, twining.
Leaves ovate, petiolate, blunt, entire, glabrous ; leaf-
stalks, short, downy. Flower bunches branchy, hardly
longer than the leaf-stalks. Floioers dioecious, axillary,
minute, whitish, tomentose.

This shrub is found in almost every mountainous part of
the Colony. The roots are used as an emetic and purga-
tive by the Boers, and go by the name of Davidjes, Its
foliage is poisonous to cattle.

POLYGALA. TouRN.

i^PolygalecB.y
XVII. — 5. DIADELPHIA OCTO-DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

4. Poly gala Serpentaria. EcM. and Z. Root thick,
woody. Stem almost herbaceous, branchy, procum-
bent. Leaves alternate, obovate, smooth, entire, glau-
cous beneath, mucronate. Flowers on short pedicels^
axillary, subcristate.

A shrub found in Kaffraria. Though small, yet the root
is comparatively thick and long, and is considered by the
natives as a sure antidote against the bites of venomous
snakes, whence its colonial name of Kaffer Slangenwortel.
It belongs to the same section of the genus as the Polygala
ISenega, and may probably possess similar properties.

MUNDTIA. KuNTH.

( Polygalecs.)
XVII. — 5. DIADELFHIA OCTANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

5. Mundtia spinosa. D. C. Shrubby, erect, smooth,
divaricating. Branches spiny at their apices. Leaves
on short stalks, oblong, glabrous, veiny, blunt,
mucronate. Floioers crested, sessile, axillary. Fruit
a red, juicy berry.

A decoction of the tops of the branches of this shrub,
which is very common in the Downs, is used in atrophy,
phthisis, &c., apparently with some effect, while the fruit,
which is somewhat astringent in taste, is eaten by children
and Hottentots, who call them Skildpatbesjes.

MALVA. Lin.
{Malvaceae,)

XVI. — 9. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. LIN. SYST,

6. Maloa rotundifolia. Lin, Stem prostrate ; leaves
stalked, cordate, nearly obicular, serrato-crenate, five-
lobed, smooth. Floicers small, axillary. Fruit-stalks
downy, bent downwards.

The whole of this plant is mucilaginous and emollient.
Although a native of Europe, it has now become perfectly
naturahzed, and grows everywhere near towns and villages.
The colonists know it by the name of Keesjes-hldren
(mallow leaves), and frequently use its leaves in the forms
of decoction, fomentation, or poultice in sore throat, opthal-
mia, or for the purpose of maturing abscesses.

PAPPEA. EcK. AND Zeyh.

{SapindacecB.)
XXII — 7. DIOECIA OCTO-DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

7. Pappea capensis. E. and Z. A small tree.
Leaves alternate, ovate, oblong, unequal at base, glab-
rous, blunt, coriaceous, veiny, slightly rolled back at
the margin. Floicers small, racemose, with separate
sexes by abortion. Fruit tricapsular, drupaceous,
fleshy, globose, downy.

This tree is pretty common in Kaffirland, and in the
districts of Uitenhage and Albany, where its fruit is known
as wilde pruimen or f Kaamshesjes (wild plums). It has
some resemblance to the plum, is savoury, and furnishes a
vinous beverage and excellent vinegar. Its kernel contains
an oil, which, though edible, is somewhat purgative, and
is recommended as an external remedy in tinea capitis,
alopecia, or similar diseases, and may serve as a substitute
for Macassar oil.

DODON^A. Lin.

{SapindacecB.)

XXII. — 8. DIOECIA OCTANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

8. DodoncBa Thunbergiana. E. and Z. Stem
shrubby, with angular branches. Leaves at the top
of the twigs, sessile, alternate, narrow, lanceolate,
attenuate at both ends, acute, entire, smooth. Flower.^

terminal, erect, stalked, small, greenish. Fruit a
winged three-celled capsule.

A small tree or shrub, common about Piquetberg, Wor-
cester and Clanwilliam, where it is called Zand Olyf. A
decoction of the root is used as a slight purgative in fevers.

MONSONIA. Lnx. Fil.
( GeraniacecB.^

XVI. 7. MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. STST.

9. Monsonia ovata Cav. Root annual, spindle-
shaped. Stem herbaceous, simple, erect, shaggy.
Leaves stalked, alternate, oblongo-ovate, subcordate
at base, veiny, crenate, wavy, pubescent, Stipules
and bractlets awl-shaped, rioid. Peduncles one-
flowered, bracteate in the middle, villose. Flowers
white, with purj)lish veins.

The Keita of the Hottentots. The root and herb of this
plant are very astringent, and used with great success in
dysentery. It grows abundantly in the district of Uiten-
hage.

PELAKGONIUM. L'Her.

( GeraniacecB.^

XVI. — 4. MONADELPHIA HEPTANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

10. Pelargonium (Polyactium) triste. Ait, Root
tuberous. Leaves alternate, tripinnatifid, hispid ;
their segments bipinnatifid, and their pinnules wedge-
shaped, incised. Umbel many-flowered. Flowers
scented, yellow, with a dark purple spot at base.

The scarlet-coloured root of this Pelargonium is some-
what astringent. If dried and pulverised, it is useful in
diarrhoea and certain forms of dysentery, where purgatives
have been previously given. It has also been recommended
as a vermifuge, and is commonly found on the sides of Table
Mountain,

11. Pelargonium ( J enkmsonm) antidgsente?'icum» E.
and Z, Stem tuberous, fleshy. Branches lateral, erect,
furrowed, angular. Leaves smooth, alternate, stalked,
subcordate, lobed. Lohes incised. Petioles curved,
longer than the leaves. Stipules prickly, Flmoers

purplish, and the nectariferous tube twice as long as
the calyx.

This plant, which is indigenous in Namaqualand, has
tuberous roots, which often attain the size of a man's head,
and are called fNamie by the aborigines, who boil them
with milk, and make use of them in dysentery.

12. Pelargonium (Peristera) anceps. Ait. Herbace-
ous, smooth. Stems decumbent, three-sided, two-
edged. Leaves petiolate, roundish, cordate, lobed,
toothed. Stipules oblong, two-parted. Peduncles axil-
lary, elongated, umbellate. Umbels many-flowered.
Flowers subcapitate, small, crimson.

This species, which grows plentifully along the water-
courses in the Cape and Swellendam districts, is a great
favourite with the Malays, who call it roode Rahassarrif
and pretend that a decoction of the herb cures suppression
of the catamenia, and promotes parturition and abortion,

13. Pelargonium cucullatum. Ait, Stem shrubby, the
whole plant viscid, hairy. Leaves alternate, kidney-
shaped, hooded, waved, dentato-crenate. Petioles pa-
tent, channelled, longer than the leaves. Flowers ter-
minal, umbellate, purple. Umbels many-flowered.

This fine species, which is very common along the side
of Table Mountain, has been recommended in the form
of decoction, or as an enema, in colic, nephritis, and sup-
pression of urine, and is also an excellent emollient. It
appears, that formerly this herb has been exported to
Holland, under the name of Herba Althew. Cf. N. L.
Burmanni Specimen Botanicum de Geraniis. Lugd. Bat.
1759, 4to pag. 35.

14. Pelargonium. (Dibrachya.) scutatum Stveet. Stem
shrub-like. Branches angular, somewhat downy.
Leaves fleshy, five-lobed, nearly peltate, glandularly
notched. Umbels 7-8 flowered. Petals patent.

The Kafir-sorrel (Kaffir zuring.) of the colonists The
sap oi its leaves is astringent and antiseptic, and of good
service in aphthae, sore-throat, etc. The juice of its petals
produces a blue colour of the tint of indigo, and may,
according to BurcheU, be advantageously used for painting.
Very common in many parts of the Eastern districts.

OXALIS. Lin.

(^OxalidecB.)
X. — 5. DECANDKIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

15. Oxalis cernua, Lin, Root bulbous. Leaves radi-
cal, stalked, ternate. Leaflets obcordate, two-lobed,
often blotched, smooth. Scape erect, umbelliferous.
Flowers peduncled, the open ones erect, the closed
ones drooping.

A weed, common throughout a great portion of the
colony, where it is known as the wild sorrel (wilde
zuring). On account of their acidity, the leaves, mixed
with other vegetables, are used for culinaiy purposes.
They contain, indeed, a good deal of oxalic acid, and Thun-
berg relates that, at his time, this salt in its crystallized
form was easily obtained from the juice of this plant.
The bulbs, moreover, eaten raw, are said to be a good
vermifuge.

MELIANTHUS. Lin.

(^ZygophyllecE.)
XIV. — 2. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST.

16. Melianthus major. Lin. Shrubby. Leaves alter-
nate, smooth, unequally pinnate, glaucous beneath.
Leaflets sharply-toothed. Stipules large, solitary, folia- '
ceous, adnate with the leaf-stalk. Flowers racemose,
reddish brown. Peduncles twisted, downy.

Every part of this plant has a nauseous smell, whence
it has received the Dutch name of Truytje roer my niet
(Gertrude, don't touch me). A decoction of the leaves
is an excellent external remedy in tinea capitis, crusta
serpiginosa,* necrosis, and foul ulcers. It is also useful
as a gargle and lotion in sore throat and in diseases of
the gums, and the bruised leaves, applied to ulcers, pro-

* A shoemaker, about 25 years of age, had laboured for some time
under a most obstmate attack of crusta serpiginosa. All the usual
remedies having failed, his medical attendant at last advised him to
try a decoction of this plant, to be applied in a tepid state. With this
treatment, and occasional aperients and spare diet, he was perfectly
cured within a month.

mote granulation.* It is common in the Cape Flats, and
other parts of the colony, and deserves a trial in cases of
plica polonica.

DIOSMA. Lin.

(Diosmece.)

y. — 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

17. Diosma (Barosma) crenata. D, C. A glabrous
branchy shrub. Branches round, purplish, the upper
and smaller ones angular. Leaves stalked, smooth,
oblongo-ovate, blunt, dotted beneath, and notched
with transparent, resinous glands on their margin.
Flowers peduncled, solitary, axillary ; petals white,
oblong, subsessile.

The Bucchu leaves have, as is well known, become an
article of export lately. Their principal medical effects
are owing to their possessing a considerable quantity of an
aromatic volatile oil, and to a particular very tenacious
principle, called Diosmin, as also to a semi-resinous sub-
stance. They have a peculiar smell, and a slightly astrin-
gent, bitter, taste. When used in the form of infusion,
they promote perspiration. Hence their utility in chronic
rheumatism, gout, and other diseases, caused by the sudden
suppression of cutaneous action. They have been pre-
scribed also in cholera morbus, and are very beneficial in
diseases of the bladder, especially in chronic inflammation
of the mucous membrane of that organ (catarrh of the

* I am indebted to my triend, Dr. A. Brown, for the following prac-
tical remarks on the medical properties of this plant:—" For many years
past, I have found the Melianthus major very serviceable in necrosis and
foul ulcers, and its effect in promoting granulation is very remarkable.
After cleaning the sores with the decoction, some of the boiled leaves
are applied to the parts, and found to answer well. I have not only used
it with decided benefit, but in many cases where the materia medica has
failed me, or the degree of healing was not satisfactory, it has almost
invariably succeeded. In carcinoma I have seen it applied with effect
in cleaning the ulcers, and rendering their otherwise highly disagreeable
odour less offensive. In indolent leprous sores it can also vie with the
other applications that we use in that intractable disease. I have tried
it in tinea capitis with great effect, but in other affections of the skin
it has as yet failed to satisfy me decidedly whether it did good or not.
In cases where tinctura myrrhae is recommended, I have found it a better
remedy. In fact, I may say that in my practice it is almost daily
used."

bladder) ; also in hsematuria, calculus, and in suppuration
of the vesica, urethra, and prostrate gland. By increasing
the secretion of urine, they impart to it their peculiar
smell. They have also been given in dropsy ;— in fine,
in all those cachectic and hydropical complaints, arising
from suppression of the perspiration or urine. As a sti-
mulant to the stomach, some practitioners have used the
bucchu leaves in indigestion ; a sensation of warmth has
accordingly been produced in that organ, and the appetite
increased.

A bath of the bucchu leaves is of service in rheumatism,
and the Bucchu vinegar, as also the Bucchu brandy, are
excellent embrocations in rheumatic pains, luxations, sugil-
lations, sprains, and contusions.

In trade, this valuable drug is often adulterated by the
substitution of less powerful sorts of the same family of
plants, which, although of a similar smell, are by no
means equal to it in their therapeutical effects. One of
these plants is the Diosma (Barosma) serratifoUa. Lodd,,
a species common in the district of Swellendam, and
another, the Empleurum serrulatum. Sol, easily distin-
guished by its linear-lanceolate, serrated leaves.

The true Diosma crenata is a native of the mountains
of Hottentot's Holland, Stellenbosch, Drakenstein, Tul-
bagh, and Worcester.

FAGAKASTRUM. Don.

i^XanthoxylecB.)
VIII. 1. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

18. Fagarastrum capense. Don. A shrub, about
6 feet high. Branches compressed, flexuous, wrinkled,
prickly. Prickles flat, sharp-pointed. Leaves alternate,
impari-pinnate ; pinnce ovate, blunt, erect, sessile,
smooth, slightly crenate. Flowers small, paniculated.
Capsule dotted ; seeds black, shining.

Found in the bush near Mossel Bay, and in the forests
of the district of George, as also in those of Uitenhage and
Albany. The fruit is known to the colonists as the wild
Cardamom, and, on account of its aromatic qualities, pre-
scribed for flatulency and paralysis.

METHYSCOPHYLLUM. Eckl. and Zeyh.

( AmyridacecB. )

V. 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

19. Methyscophyllum glaucum. E. and Z. A resin-
ous shrub. Branches erect, alternate. Leaves oppo-
site, lanceolate, pointed at both ends, veiny, glabrous,
glaucous, repando-dentate, bent back at the margin.
Flowers paniculated. Panicles axillary, opposite,
forked, few-flowered.

An infusion of the leaves of this shrub is pleasant to the
taste, and used in cough^ asthma, and other diseases of
the chest. It grows about the Zwarte Kei River, where it
is a favourite beverage with the Bushmen and others, who
also chew it, and call it Boschjesmansthee.

CYCLOPIA. Vent.

i^LeguminoscB.)

X. 1. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

20. Cyclopia genistoides. Vent. A glabrous shrub.
Stem and branches erect, twiggy. Leaves alternate,
sessile, trifoliate ; leaflets linear, bluntly mucronate,
revolute at the margin. Flowers axillary, bracteate,
stalked, yellow. Peduncles one-flowered Bracts two,
oblongo-ovate, pointed.

This plant is common in moist places on the Cape Flats,
near Wynberg, Houtbay, and elsewhere. In the form of
decoction or infusion, it is often made use of for the purpose
of promoting expectoration in chronic catarrh, and even in
consumption. It has a sweet, astringent taste, and is gene-
rally considered as a restorative. Its vernacular name is
Honigthee.

BORBONIA. LiN.

{Leguminos(£^
XVII. — 6. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

21. Borhonia parviflora. Lamk. A small, glabrous
shrub. Branches compressed, angular, winged. Leaves
alternate, amplexicaul, cordate, many-nerved, mucro-
nate, ciliato-dentate. Calyx and corolla nearly smooth.
Floivers yellow.

Common on the Lion's Head and on Table Mountain,

B

10

and used, under the significant name of Stekelthee, appa-
rently with good effect in asthma and hydrothorax. It is
commonly given as a diuretic, in the form of decoction.

VASCOA. D. C.

{Leguminosce.)
XVII. — 6. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

22. Vascoa amphxicaulis. D. C, A glabrous under-
shrub. Stern erect, branchy. Leaves simple, amplexi-
caul, suborbicular, cordate at base, reticulated, quite
entire, blunt ; those of the stem alternate ; the floral
ones opposite, coloured. Flowers in the upper axils,
glabrous, solitary, without bracts, shortly pedicellate,
yellow.

The roots of this pretty bush taste like liquorice, whence
its name of Zoeihout-boschje. They are used in the form
of decoction, as a demulcent in catarrh and phthisis, and
are a good substitute for the liquorice itself This useful
plant inhabits the mountains of Worcester and Tulbagh.

23. Vascoa perfoliata. D, C A small shrub. Stem
glabrous, erect. Leaves amplexicaul, cordate, sub-
orbicular, entire, bluntly mucronate, rigid, netted.
Flowers yellow.

A strong decoction of the leaves of this species acts as
a powerful diuretic, and is of great service in the various
forms of dropsy. It grows on the mountains of Hottentot's
Holland.

MELILOTUS. TouRN.
(^Leguminosce,^

XVII. — 6. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

24. Melilotus parviflorus. Desf. Stem erect, branchy.
Leaves trifoliate, upper ones oblong, toothed ; lower
ones obovate, entire. Flowers laxely racemose, small,
yellow ; stipules linear ; legumes ovate, wrinkled, one-
seeded.

This herb {Melilot^ Steenklaver), a native also of the north
of Africa, diffuses the same sweet, fragrant scent which
we observe in the Melilotus officinalis of Europe. In its
medical effects it is discutient and emolHent, and used
externally in the form of fomentation, poultice, and plaster,
in indurations, glandular tumours, etc. Its powder is one

11

of the ingredients in the manufacture of snuff. Abundant
in sandy soil in many parts of the colony, where it flowers
from September to November.

SUTHERLANDIA. R. Bii.
{Le^uminoscB.)

XVII. 6. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

25. Sutherlandia frutescens. R. Br. Shrubby. Stej7i
erect, twiggy. Leaves stalked, alternate, impari-pin-
nate, many-yoked ; pinnules on short petioles, oblong,
obtuse, emarginate, silky. Floicers racemose, pedun-
cled, axillary, scarlet. Lecjume ovate, scarious, inflated.

A fine showy shrub, which, on account of its beautiful
scarlet flowers, is a horticultural ornament, and cultivated
as such in our gardens. It grows wild in hilly parts all
over the colony. According to Thunberg (Travels, vol. I.,
pag. 160), the roots and leaves of this plant, when dried
and pulverised, are of use in diseases of the eye.

ACACIA. Neck.

(^Leguminosce.)

XVI. — 9. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

26. Acacia horrida. Willd. A large tree. Stem
and branches glabrous, but armed with large white
spinous stipules. Leaves bipinnate ; pinnm 2-3 yoked ;
pinnules many-yoked, oblong, blunt. Leafstalks glan-
dulous at base and on the apex. Flowers stalked,
axillary, globose, polygamous, yellow, scented.

The demulcent derived from the Doornboom is well
known as an article of commerce. It exudes spontane-
ously from the bark of the trunk and branches, and hardens
in the sun, without losing its transparency. Although the
Cape gum is inferior in appearance, and in intrinsic value,
to that of Northern Africa, it may yet be improved by care
and attention. The bark of this useful tree is highly
astringent, hence its effect, in the form of decoction, in
inveterate fluor albus, in diarrhoea, dysentery, and as a
substitute for the Peruvian bark in fevers. The Acacia
giraffcB. Willd. (Kameeldoorn), growing beyond the limfts
of the Cape Colony, is said to yield a superior gum, and
is eaten by the natives.

12

RUBUS. Lin.

{^Rosace(B,^
XII. — 3. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

27. Rubus pinnatus. Willd. Shrubby. Branches,
stalks, and nerves of the leaves clothed with short
down, and armed with hooked prickles. Leaves
alternate, petioled, ovate, acuminate, double-sawed,
veiny, smooth. Stipules narrow, taper-pointed. Calyx
tomentose, its segments longer than the petals.
Flowers racemose. Fruit black.

The roots are astringent, and used as decoction for
chronic diarrhoea, etc. The fruit of this species of Bramble
or Blackberry-hush (Braambosch) is equal in flavour and
taste to that of Europe. Abundant in mountain ravines
in the Cape and Stellenbosch districts. Flowers, October,
November. Fruit, January.

CLIFFORTIA. Lin.

(^SanguisorbecB.)

XIII. 2. POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

28. Cliff ortia ilicifolia. Lin. Shrubby. Stem brown,
scaly, branched. Leaves cordato-ovate, elliptical, 3-5
toothed, spiny, many-nerved, amplexicaul, rigid, im-
bricated, smooth. Flowers dioecious, small, axillary,
subsessile.

A plant pretty common in the district of Uitenhage,
where the Boers recommend it as an emollient and expec-
torant in coughs. This species, whose leaves are sharp-
pointed and spiny, is called Doornthee.

PUNIC A. TouRN.

{^GranatecB.^

XII. — 1. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

29. Punica granatum. Lin. A shrubby tree.
Branches often thorny. Leaves opposite, entire,
lance-shaped, pointed at each end, smooth. Floicers
at the top of the branches ; petals scarlet, wrinkled.
Fruit round, with a coriaceous rind ; pulp acidulous ;
seeds oblong, angular.

• The rind of the Pomegranate (Granaat-appel) and its
roots are astringent, and contain tannin and gallic-acid.
They are used in diarrhoea, accompanying general debility,

18

ill the form of decoction, while infusions are known to be
of service as injections in obstinate leucorrhani. From
the pulp surrounding the seeds, a refrigerating syrup is
prepared. The efficacy of the fresh bark of the root was
known to the Ancients, who praised it as a sure remedy
for the expulsion of the tape-worm. This effect has been
tested in our days with decided success The best way
of using the remedy is in the form of a decoction of two
ounces of the bark in two pints of water, boiled down to
one pint. A wine-glassful taken every hour early in the
morning is the dose generally administered.

Though a native of the north of Africa, the Pomegranate
tree is extensively cultivated within the colony, especially
for the purpose of forming hedges.

EPILOBIUM. Lin.

(^Onagrarice.)
VIII. — I. OCTANDRIA MOXOaYNlA. LIN. SYST.

30. Epilohmm villosum. Thbg. Stem herbaceous,
erect, round, branched, shaggy. Leaves sessile, alter-
nate, lanceolate, sawed, acute, hairy. Floicers ter-
minal, axillary, purple. •

As a house-medicine, this herb, inhabiting the moun-
tains of several districts, is renowned for its usefulness in
cleansing foul ulcers.

PILOGYNE. ScHRAD.

( Cuciirbitacece.)

XXII. 3. DIOECIA TRIANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

31. Pilogyne EcMonii. Schrad, Dioecious. Root
tuberous ; stem climbing. Branches striped, nearly
quadrangular. Leaves stalked, triangular, cordate,
3-lobed, sharp-pointed, toothed, green and rough
above ; white, downy beneath. Flowers stalked,
axillary ; male ones small, white, racemose ; female
ones solitary.

The porous resinous root of this old Hottentot remedy
is nauseous in taste. In the form of decoction, it acts
simultaneously as an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. The
natives call it Bavidjes-wortel, and use it in cutaneous
affections, dropsy, and syphilis. The tincture, or infusion
of the root in wine or brandy, is, according to Thunherr/

14

(Travels, I., pag\ 128), a powerful emetic and purgative.
This plant, the Bryonia Africana of former botanists,
grows upon the slopes of Table Mountain, amongst bushes ;
also in the Eastern districts, near Port Elizabeth, etc., and
flowers in the month of October.

CITRULLUS. ScHR.

( Cucurhitacece.^
XVI. — 10. MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. LIN. SYST.

32. Citrullus amarus. Schrad. Stem angular, fur-
rowed, hispid, decumbent. Leaves alternate, stalked ;
the upper ones 3-parted ; middle segment sinuated,
pinnatifid ; lateral ones 2 fid ; lobes blunt, scabrid,
pimpled ; radical leaves 5 -parted. Tendrils axillary.
Flowers dioecious. Fruit glabrous, elliptico-globose.

This annual plant resembles a water-melon in foliage.
Its fruit, a round pepo of the size of a child's head, is
filled with a spongy pulp. By the farmer, this fruit,
which is bitter and loathsome, is called Bitter-appel or
Wild Water-melon,* and is common in the sands of the
Cape Downs, near Tygerberg and Rietvalley, and in
similar localities. The pulp of the pepo, like that of
Colocynth, is a very strong, drastic purgative, and serves
the same purpose, and is used as a cathartic in dropsy
and other complaints. An extract can easily be prepared
from it, equal in its effects to the extract of Colocynth.

PHAPvNACEUM. Lin.

(ParonychiacecB, )
V. 3. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

33. Pharnaceum lineare. Thbg. Suffruticose. Root
fibrous, stemless. Branches radical, diiFused, smooth^
repeatedly forked. Leaves sessile, whorled, linear,
unequal, entire, patent, blunt. Stipules scarious, torn.

* Thunberg (Trav. II., p. 171) relates, that at the Cape the Colocynth-
fruit IS eaten, when pickled, both by the natives and colonists, although it
IS verv bitter.— This is a mistake : the fruit alluded to by that author, is
tliat ot Citrullus caffer. Schrad., called by the colonists, Kaffir -water meloen.

15

Peduncles axillary, Elongated, terminal. Floicers pani-
culated or umbellate, white and purplish.

This little plant, which thrives best in a sandy soil, and
abounds in the Cape Flats and Downs, is employed in
pulmonary affections. It is generally used in the form of
infusion, which is of a rather pleasant, aromatic, bitter
taste, and is also somewhat mucilaginous and slightly
diuretic. By the name of Droedas kruiden, it is known to
many colonists, who make use of it in coughs, and espe-
cially in those that threaten consumption.

CRASSULA. Lin.

( CrassulacecB.)
V. — 5, PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

34. Crassula tetragona. Lin. Stern suffrutlcose,
succulent, round, branchy, procumbent, smooth.
Branches alternate, erect. Leaves connate, decus-
sate, three-sided, incurved, acute, entire. Flowers
terminal, corymbose, small, white.

A succulent plant, rather astringent, and a native of the
district of Uitenhage. If boiled in milk, the leaves of this
species are used as a tonic in diarrhoea. The Crassula por-
tulacacea Lam.y which is called i'Karkey by the Hotten-
tots, is said to be used in similar cases.

TETRAPHYLE. Eck. and Zeyh.

i^CrassulacecE.)
V. — 5. PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

35. Tetraphyle furcata, E. and Z. Root fleshy,
scaly, spreading. Stem erect. Branches quadrangular,
fastigiate. I^eaves standing in fours, small, ovato-
lanceolate, imbricated, smooth. Flowers 5-10, ter-
minal.

This plant becomes very brittle when dried. It is bitter
and astringent, and used in the form of decoction for
diarrhoea and dysentery. During one of the late Kafir
wars, when the latter disease prevailed amongst the troops,
this remedy appears to have been tried with marked success.

. COTYLEDON. Lin.

(^CrassulacecB.)
X. — 5. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

36. Cotyledon orbiculata. Lin. Stem fleshy, leafless,
elongated, branchy. Leaves of)posite, flat, obovate,

16

spatulate, blunt, acuminate, (ofteif^ farinaceously glau-
cous, with a red border. Flowers paniculate, nodding.
This succulent shrub is common in mountainous parts.
The leaves are thick, and from their shape called Varkens-
ooren (pig's ears). The fresh juice is of service in epilepsy,
and has been prescribed by me in the case of a young man,
subject to this frightful disease. Not only were the symptoms
evidently diminished, but subsequent attacks were less violent.
The leaves form an excellent application to hard corns. On
removal of the epidermis of the upper side of the leaf, it is
left on the part for 8 or 10 hours, when it will be found that
the juicy portion of the leaf is gone, and the corn feels soft,
and may be removed with ease. It should be remarked
here, that Crassula arborescens. Willd., has the same pro-
perties.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. Lin.

{FicoidecB.)

XII. — 2. ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

37. Mesembryanthemum edule. Lin. SufFruticose ;
succulent. Stem erect. Branches two-edged, pros-
trate, spreading. Leaves opposite, connate, scimitar-
shaped, three-edged, fleshy, serrulate at their edge,
perfectly smooth. Flowers solitary, terminal, large,
yellow or purple. Fruit eatable.

Few South- African plants are so much in domestic use than
this species and Mesemhryanthemum acinaciforme. Lin.,
both of which are common in the sandy tracts of the colony.
They are astringent and sourish in taste, on account of the
acidulated alkaline salt with which they seem to be im-
pregnated. The expressed juice of the succulent leaves,
taken internally, checks dysentery, and acts as a mild
diuretic ; while it is also for its antiseptic property, used
as an excellent gargle in malignant sore throat, violent sali-
vation and aphthae, or in the form of a lotion in burns and
scalds. At the Cape these plants are called Hottentots
vygen (Hottentot-figs).

38. Mesemhryanthemum crystallinum. Lin. Root
annual. Stem herbaceous, angular, procumbent,
fleshy, covered all over with large pustules. Leaves
broad, amplexicaul, waved at the margin, ovate,
entire. Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, small white.

The Iceplant contains a good deal of malic acid and
lime. The expressed juice of the herb, when fresh and

17

rendered limpid, has been recommended as a specific in
incontinence of urine, proceeding from spasm (Enuresis
spastica), and is given in doses of a tablespoonful at in-
tervals. The Iceplant is common in the neighbourhood
of Cape Town, especially in the sandy flat near Riet-
valley, where it flowers in the midst of summer.

39. Mesembryanthemum tortuosum. Lin. Stem short.
Branches procumbent, elongated, divaricating, twisted.
Leaves connate, pointed, entire, oblongo-ovate, con-
cave, somewhat pustular, keeled, crowded. Lobes of
the calyx unequal.

This species, a native of the Karroo, appears to possess
narcotic properties. The Hottentots, who know it by the
name of Kauw-goed, are in the habit of chewing it, and
become intoxicated, while the farmers use it in the form of
decoction or tincture, as a good sedative.

HYDROCOTYLE. Lin.

(^UmbellifercB.)
V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

40. Hydrocotyle Centella. Cham. SufFruticose. Stems
filiform, decumbent, geniculate, flexuose. Leaves
stalked, oblongo-lanceolate, 3-nerved, subfalcate, pu-
bescent, acuminate, entire. Flowers 3-5 polygamous,
umbellate, whorled, axillary. Involucral bracts 4-5,
ovato-lanceolate, acute. Petals glabrous.

The roots and stalks of this plant are astringent, and a
decoction of them is used with efiect by many colonists in
violent diarrhoea. They are also said to be of great service
in cases of dysentery, after the necessary evacuations have
been previously procured, and where the disease has as-
sumed a chronic form. Among the farmers, the plant is
known under the name of Persgras ; it inhabits the Cape
and Stellenbosch districts, and grows abundantly about
Vlaggeberg.

41. Hydrocotyle asiatica. Lin. Stems slender, pros-
trate, creeping. Leaves stalked, reniform, crenato-
dentate, ribbed, smooth. Flowers small, axillary.
Umbels simple, few-flowered. Leaf and Jiotoer-^isXks
slightly tomentose.

Found in moist, shady localities, at watercourses, and
in the beds of empty rivers, throughout a great portion of

c

18

the colony. This small plant has of late been recom-
mended in India as a remedy for leprosy, and the Madras
United Service Gazette states, that the local Government
had authorised its use at the Leper Hospital. The use of
this plant was discovered by Mr. Jules Lepine, of Pondi-
cherry, and instantly communicated to the Madras autho-
rities and the public. He was guided to his discovery by
Dr. Boileau of the Mauritius, who himself suffering from
this feaiful disease, had devoted himself to experiments
with it. Of 40 adult patients, to whom it had been
administered, all were in a fair way for recovery in 1853.
How far the real efficacy of this new remedy can be proved
by experience, remains to be seen.

SIUM. Lin.

(UmhellifercB,^
V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DYGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

42. Slum Thunhergii. D. C. Herbaceous. Root
fibrous, stoloniferous. Stem erect. Brandies angular.
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, pointed, regularly
sawed. Umbels stalked, lateral or terminal ; segments
of the involucre (3-5) linear, entire. Flowers white.

In marshy spots near Zeekoe-valley, in the bed of the
Zwartkops-river, and in similar localities. Flowei's Feb-
ruary and March.

The root of this umbelliferous plant, called Tandpyn-
wortel (Toothache-root) by the colonists, is renowned for
its allaying toothache when held in the mouth or chewed.

BUBON. Lin.

( Umbelliferce.)
V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

43. Bubon Galbanum. Lin. A smooth, resinous
shrub. Stem erect, round, geniculated, branchy.
Leaves alternate, pinnate, triternate, rigid, glaucous ;
segments rhomboidal, toothed, or pinnatifid; terminal
ones 3-lobed. Petioles sheating. Umbels compound,
many-rayed. Involucres many-leaved. Leaflets linear.
Flowers yellowish-green.

This umbelHferous plant, which attains a height of from
six to eight feet, and is found all over the colony in moist
places, or in the ravines of mountains, is reputed amongst
the inhabitants as an excellent diuretic, under the name

19

of Wild Celery. A decoction of its leaves proves salutary
in cases of dropsy, and has been even administered suc-
cessfully in gravel. At times some resinous matter exudes
from the stem, which however, in its appearance, smell,
and in every respect, greatly differs from the Gunimi (jaU
hanuw; the well-known drug of oar dispensaries. Linnaeus,
in giving the name to this species, seems to have been led
astray by mistake, the real drug being derived from a
different plant, a native of the north of Africa, and prob-
ably from a kind of Ferula.

ARCTOPUS. Lin.

( UmbellifercB.)
V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

44. Arctopus echinatus. Lin. Root spindle-shaped,
resinous, stemless. Radical leaves, pressed to the
ground, stellate, hispid; their expanded lobes nearly
round, incisid, 3 fid ; single lobes dentate, ciliated,
spiny. FloiL^ers dioecious, umbellate ; male umbel
stalked, female sessile. Petals white.

This plant, the Platdoorn or Ziekte-troost of the Boers, is
one of those few indigenous remedies, which, from the
very establishment of the colony, have been constantly used
by its inhabitants. At that early period, the European
settlers, being often without their necessary stock of medi-
cines, had to learn from their Hottentot neighbours, who
held this plant in great esteem. It is demulcent and
diuretic, and somewhat approaches the Sarsapai^illa. The
decoction of the root is the general form under which it
is prescribed in lues, lepra, or cutaneous chronic eruptions
of all kinds. It also furnishes a sort of resin, which is
easily procurable by making incisions into the root while
it is fresh. It has been shown from chemical experiments,
that the root of this plant contains an alcaloid, which, com-
bined with acids, assumes the form of neutral salts. Thus
the Arctojmim sulj^huricum consists of small scaly white
crystals, which are astringent in taste, and which in half
grain doses, produce coagulation of the saliva within the
mouth.

VISCUM. Lin.
(^LoranthacecB. )

XXII. — 4. DIOECIA TETRANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

45. Viscum capense. Lin. f. A parasitical leafless
shrub. Stem blunt, square, erect, articulated, smooth.

20

Branches decussate. Flowers dioecious, whorled, sessile.
Fruit a globose white berry.

A parasitical shrub (called Vogeleend), growing on the
stems of several species of RJms and Euclea, in most parts of
the colony. In its appearance and properties it is nearly
allied to the European Misthtoe. Its stems are mucila-
ginous, and a little astringent. These are employed as an
antispasmodic in cases of epilepsy in children and young
females, where the bowels are loose, and where the disease
is just commencing. It has also been recommended in St.
Vitus' dance, asthma, and similar complaints, and is pre-
scribed in the form of powder or decoction.

VALERIANA. Lin.

( ValerianecB.)
III. — 1. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

46. Valeriana capensis. Thbg. Root tuberous. Stem
herbaceous, erect, smooth. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
3-yoked, pinnatifid ; lobes alternate, ovato-dentate,
pointed ; the uppermost largest. Petioles amplexicaul.
Flowers corymbose, red. Bracts 2 opposite, setaceous.

This species is very closely allied to the European Vale-
riana officinalis. Although it may not be quite so power-
ful in its effects, yet it resembles the same, not only in its
appearance, but also in its medical virtues. Its roots are a
favourite remedy in morbid susceptibility of the nervous
system, and in the form of infusion are successfully given
in typhoid fevers, epilepsy, hysteria, and similar maladies.
They are at the same time sudoriferous, and have a salutary
effect on intestinal worms. This plant grows in moist places
in many parts of the colony, and is particularly common
in the George district.

MATEICARIA. Lin.

(^CompositcB,)
XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

47. Matricaria glabrata. D, C, Root annual,
fibrous. Stem herbaceous, erect, branchy, angular.
Leaves alternate, * pinnatifid ; lobes linear, entire,
pointed ; the upper ones toothed. Flower-heads ter-
minal, solitary. Scales of the involucre blunt, with

21

a broad scarious border. Ray white, reflexed. Recep-
tacle ovate, conical.

The Wild Chamomile, which, in the months of November
and December, so plentifully covers the Cape Downs, is
one of those plants which deserve the peculiar attention of
our apothecaries. It is a true Matricaria, and in many
respects not only equals, but even surpasses, the European
species. Large sums of money are yearly expended in
importing this useful and popular drug, while we can
gather a plant of the same order, the "same genus, and
the same properties at our doors. In the more remote
parts of the country, where dispensaries are not so abun-
dantly found as in the vicinity of our metropolis, the
farmers and the coloured people employ the Wild Chamo-
mile as often, and with the same good effect, as we do
the 31atricaria Chavwmi/la, or the Anthemis nohilis. In
short, this herb, which contains a superfluity of volatile
oil, is an excellent antispasmodic, and most useful in colic
and other spasmodic complaints, while, on account of its
aromatic bitter taste, it is recommended as a stomachic in
dyspepsia and in derangements of the digestive organs
generally. Its local application as a resolvent is suffi-
ciently known.

GAEULEUM. Cass.
( CompositcB.)

XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. Sl'ST.

48. Garuleum bipinnatum. Less. SuflPruticose. Roots
long, woody. Ster?i erect, striated, branchy. Leaves
alternate, bipinnatifid ; pinnai nearly opposite, linear-
lanceolate, acute. Flower-heads terminal, solitary ;
ray blue, disk yellow.

Amongst the medical indigenous plants of the Cape, the
present deserves particular notice. It is well known to
almost every resident as the Siuake-root, having acquired
its vernacular name from its effects as an antidote against
the bites of venomous snakes,* with which the counti'y
abounds. The root of this plant, which is a native of
the Eastern districts, where it grows in the deserts of the
Karroo, has a great similarity to the Radix Senegce of the

* The most formidable of these reptiles are the Naja Ilajc Merrem.
(Cobra Capella) and the Vipera Brachyiira. Cuv. (Poffadder).

22

Pharmacopoea. It is bitter and acrid, and contains a good
deal of a resinous substance, almost homogeneous to that
which we observe in" the root of the Polygala Senega. In
the form of decoction or tincture, this root is a great
favourite with the colonial farmer, in various diseases of
the chest, asthma, and such affections where a free secre-
tion of the mucous membrane of the lungs and bronchiae
is desirable. It also promotes perspiration, and acts as a
diuretic in gout and dropsy. This valuable root ought to
have a place in the Materia medica.

TAKCHONANTHUS. Lin.

(^CompositcB,)

XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

49. Tarchonanthus camphoratus. Lin. A shrub 4-5
feet high. Stem erect, striated ; branches angular,
shaggy. Leaves stalked, oblong, entire, rugose, blunt,
coriaceous, smooth above and tomentose beneath.
Flowers paniculate, terminal, many-headed ; flower-
stalks short, downy.

The whole of this shrub has a camphorated odour. Its
leaves, when dried, are smoked by the Hottentots and
Bushmen instead of tobacco, and, hke the Dagga, exhibit
slight narcotic symptoms. In the form of infusion, they
promote perspiration, and are said to be useful in spasmodic
asthma.

COTULA. Lin.

( Compositce.)

XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

50. Cotula multiflda. D, C. Herbaceous, ascending,
smooth, branchy. Leaves semi-amplexicaul at base, pin-
natifid ; lobes trifid, acute. Flower-heads discoid, ter-
minal, yellow Scales of the involucre blunt, with a
membranaceous margin.

This plant grows in the district of Uitenhage, and is
used by the Hottentots (who call it fKamso) in rheuma-
tism, scalds, and in cutaneous aftections.

ARTEMISIA. Lin.

(^CompositcB.)
XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

51. Artemisia afra. Jacq. SufFrutescent. Stem
erect, branchy. Branches angular, furrowed, her-

23

baceous, leafy. Leaves interruptedly bipiiinatlfid,
stalked, smooth above and tomentose beneath; lobes
linear-lanceolate, falcate. Petioles bearing stipules at
base. Flower-heads peduncled, racemoso-paniculate,
one-sided, hemisphaerical, drooping. Scales of the
involucre ovate, lanceolate, scarious. Recepticle naked.
The whole of the Wormwood (Alsem.) has a strong,
balmy smell, and a bitter, aromatic, but nauseous taste,
owing to a green essential oil which it contains. The
herb is tonic, antispasmodic, and anthelmintic, and very
useful in debihty of the stomach, visceral obstructions,
jaundice, hypochondriasis, or similar evils, while its effi-
cacy as a vermifuge is generally admitted. The best forms
for using it are the infusion, the decoction, and tincture,
the latter being preferred by the colonists. A strong infu-
sion is used externally as a collyrium in weakness of the
eyes, and the pounded leaves and stalks are employed as a
discutient in oedema and sugillations.

TANACETUM. Lin.

i^CompositcB.)

XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

52. Tanacetum multiflorum. Thbg. Root woody.
Stem herbaceous, angular, erect. Branches fastigiate,
pubescent. Leaves alternate, rough, pinnatifid ;
pinnae linear, inciso-dentate. Capitula terminal,
corymbose, many-flowered, small, yellow.

This species, hke all other plants of the same genus,
contains a great deal of resin, and a specific, ethereal oil,
of a very strong and peculiar odour. It has a bitter,
aromatic, acrid taste, and is used as a tonic, antispasmodic,
and anthelmintic, in flatulency, gout, amenorrhoea, and
dropsy ; but particularly for expelling lumbrici and other
intestinal worms. It is administered in the form of powder
or infusion, which latter promotes perspiration and acts
as a mild diuretic. Applied as a fomentation, it is
resolvent and anodyne, and is used also for making injec-
tions. This plant, called Worm-kruid, grows very abun-
dantly in sandy soil, close to the sea-shore.

ERIOCEPHALUS. Lin.

( CompositcB.)
XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

53. Eriocephalus umbellulatus. D, C. Shrubby.

24

Branches erect, one-sided, divaricating, snioath.
Leaves fasciculate, linear, axillary, entire, silky.
Flower-heads subterminal, stalked, corymbose. Pedi-
cels somewhat longer than the capitula. Ray-floioers
white.

This shrub {Wild Rosemary) inhabits the mountainous
parts of the colony, and has received its colonial name on
account of its smell, which somewhat resembles that of
the Rosemary. According to Thunberg, it is diuretic, and
used by the farmers and Hottentots in various forms of
dropsy.

HELICHRYSUM. D. C.
( Composites. )

XIX — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

54. Heliclirysum nudifolium. Less. Root perannual,
fibrous. Stem single, tomentose. Radical leaves
stalked, amplexicaul, unequal at base, ovato-lanceolate,
reticulated, 5-nerved, smooth, but scabrous at the
margin and on the upper surface. Cauline leaves
narrow, lanceolate, sharp-pointed. Capitula terminal,
corymbose, yellow. Scales of the involucre blunt.

A plant pretty common in the colony, and to be met
with even in the vicinity of Cape Town, on Devil's Moun-
tain. The whole of this plant, here called Caffer-tea, is
demulcent, and, in the form of infusion, recommended in
catarrh, phthisis, and other pulmonary affections.

55. Helichrysum serpyllifolium. Less. Stem suffru-
tescent. Branches filiform, spreading, tomentose.
Leaves alternate, sessile, obovate, entire, blunt, some-
what curled, glabrous above and tomentose beneath.
Capitula corymbose, conglomerated, many-flowered,
white.

This species also appears to possess demulcent and
emollient properties, and to be of service in the various
diseases of the chest. It goes by the name of Hottentot's
tea, and grows near the watercourses on the Cape moun-
tains, has a pleasant smell, and is much liked by the
coloured people, who infuse it as tea. Sometimes the
Helichrysum auriculatum. Less., is used for the same pur-
pose, and under similar circumstances.

, 56. Helichrysum imhricatum. Less. Root fibrous.
Stem suffrutescent, erect. Leaves semi-amplexical.

25

ovato-oblong, apiculate and clothed, as well as the
spreading branches, with white short down. Capitula
terminal, corymbose, many-flowered, stalked ; scales
of the involucre membranaceous, imbricated, obtuse ;
the outer ones of a brownish hue, the inner ones
snow-white at top.

Like the two former species, this likewise is recommended
as a demulcent in coughs and other pulmonary affections.
It is used in the form of tea, and called Duinen-thee (tea
from the Downs). Common in the Cape Downs.

LEONTONYX. Cass.
(^ Composite,)

XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

57. Leontoiiyx augustifolius. D. C. Covered all
over with a snow-white woolly down. Stems suffru-
ticose at base, branching, leafy, erect. Leaves sessile,
linear-oblong, blunt. Capitula solitary. Scales of the
involucre purple, linear, straight, pointed. D. C.

The whole of this little plant, called Beethosjes by the
Boers, has an aromatic smell, and when pounded and
mixed with lard or fat, is applied to ulcers. Frequent in
sandy soil, chiefly near St. Helena Bay and vicinity.

ELYTROPAPPUS. Cass.
( CompositcB.)

XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

58. Elytropappus Rhinocerotis. Less. Shrubby.
Stem erect, tomentose. Branches many, drooping.
Leaves very small, imbricated, appressed, erect, sessile,
filiform, smooth. Capitula racemose, 3-flowered.

A bush, called Bhinostef'boschjes, which covers immense
tracts of waste land in the Western districts. The whole
of this shrub is bitter and resinous The tops of the
branches, when infused in wine or brandy, furnish a
superior kind of stomachic bitters, which have a green
colour, and are frequently used as a tonic in dyspepsia
and other complaints, arising from impaired digestion.
The tops are also given in powder to children affected
with diarrhoea.

26

59. Elytropappus glaiidulosus. Less. Stem shrubby,
downy, erect, branched. Branches aggregate, patent,
very leafy. Leaves linear, acuminate, spirally twisted,
bearing stalked glands on the lower surface. Capitida
terminal, clustered, 2-4 flowered.

This small shrub is the Slangenbosch (Snake-shrub) spoken
of by Thunberg (Trav. I., p. 268) as a good remedy for
the expulsion of intestinal worms, when used in the shape
of decoction.

LEYSSERA. Lin.

{CompositcB.)

XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

60. Leyssera gnaphaloides. Lin. Root fibrous. Stem
suffruticose, downy. Branches silky, nearly umbel-
late. Leaves aggregate, imbricato- erect, sessile, linear-
subulate, furrowed, more or less tomentose, glandu-
larly scabrous. Capitula solitary, terminal, peduncled.
Ljivolucre turbinate ; its scales scarious, blunt, shining.
Rays yellow.

Very few of our indigenous plants are so much in
domestic use as this one, known as Geele-bloemetjes-thee.
When pounded, or rubbed between the fingers, it gives
an agreeable scent, and the infusion has a pleasant,
sweetish taste. It is emollient, and for that reason is
highly recommended in catarrh, cough, and even con-
sumption. Some of our apothecaries have added this
plant to the species pector ales.

OSMITOPSIS. Cass.
{CompositcB.)

XIX. SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

61. Osmitopsis asteriscoides. Cass. Stem fruticose,
erect, tomentose, little branched. Branches leafy to
the apex. Leaves crowded, sessile, imbricated, lance-
olate, pointed, entire, dotted, shaggy. Capitula on
short pedicels, solitary, terminal, aggregate. Lnvolucre
unequal ; scales ovate. Rays white, disk yellow.

A native of Table Mountain, where it grows abundantly.
The whole plant, called Bellis, is impregnated with a
great deal of an aromatic volatile oil, which, from its

27

odour and taste, seems to contain camphor.* Hence its
virtues as an antispasmodic, tonic, and resolvent. In the
form of infusion, it is frequently and advantageously em-
ployed in cough, hoarseness, and in diseases of the chest
generally, and is said to be also very serviceable in flatu-
lent colic. Infused in spirit, it acts as a powerful external
remedy, and Thunberg relates, that he has successfully
cured paralysis with embrocations of the Spiritus Bellidn.
It would be worth while to distil the essential oil, with
which this plant abounds, and which, from its peculiarity,
shows an affinity to cajeput-oil

The Osmites hirsuta. Less., a plant common on the
mountains of Fransche Hoek and Drakenstein, having a
similar smell, is known in the colony as Vmi der Merwe's
Kruiden.

EURYOPS. Cass.
{CompositcB.)

XIX. — KYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

62. Euryops niuWJidus. D. C. Shrubby. intern
smooth, very branchy. Branches alternate, divari-
cating. Leaves glabrous, linear, entire at base, bifid
or multifid above. Peduncles alternate, axillary, much
longer than the leaves, one-headed. Ligulce oblong,
yellow. Achcema villose.

From the stem and branches of this little shrub, which
grows plentifully near the Olifant's River, in the district
of Clanwilliani, exudes a yellowish, semi-transparent,
resinous substance, which in every rt^spect resembles the
mastic of the Pharmacopeia, and seems to possess almost
the same properties.

The existence of this gummiferous shrub has been known
for many years, and was noticed by Mr. Burchell, who in
his Travels, I., p. 259, mentions it in these words : —

'' The inhabitants of the Roggeveld, when in want of
resin, use as a substitute a gum, which exudes from different
shrubs, which they call Harpuis-hosch (Resin-bush) Of
this gum a considerable quantity may be collected.''

* A chemical analysis of this oil has since been made. ' It is liquid,
of a yellowish-green tint, and easily soluble in ether and alcohol. In
its qualities, it resembles cajeput-oil and Borneo camphor."'^

1 Ueber das setherische Oel von Osmifopsis asferiscoides von E. v (ioriiii Hezanez
(Annals of Chemistry and Pharmacy, vol. 8ii, p. 211—218.)

' Prepared from a Malayan tree (DryobalanoJ>^ Camphora. Colcb )

28

STOB^A. Thunb.

( Compositce. )

XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST.

63. StobcBa ruhricaulis. D.C. Root woody. Stem
erect, purple. Leaves amplexicaul, eared, rigid,
smooth above, tomentose Jbeneath, pinnatifid ; lobes
lanceolate, acuminate, spiny, with prickly fringes on
their margin. Pedicels short, bracteate, subracemose.
Scales of the involucre spreading, ovato-lanceolate,
having two spines at base, which outreach the disk.
Achcsnia downy.

The colonial name of Graveel-wortel, given to this plant,
fully impHes the nature of its effects. It is a native of the
district of Swellendam, where it grows on hills and un-
cultivated fields. A tincture prepared from the bruised
roots is diuretic, and of great service in gravel.

LOBELLA. Lin.

( CampanulaceoB.)

V. 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

64. Lobelia pinifolia. Lin. Stem frutescent, erect,
smooth. Leaves crowded, alternate, sessile, linear-
lanceolate, acute, entire, keeled. Peduncles with short
bracts, silky, few-flowered. Tube of the calyx half-
round. Flowers blue, subterminal, hairy outside.

The resinous root of this httle shrub is stimulant and
diaphoretic. A decoction of it is sometimes used as a
domestic remedy in cutaneous affections, chronic rheuma-
tism, and gout. This plant is common in the mountainous
parts of the Western division of the colony, where it flowers
during the greater part of the year.

WAHLENBERGIA. Schrad.

( CampanulacecB.)
V. — 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

65. Wahlenbergia procumbens. D, C. fil. Herba-
ceous ; procumbent, diffused, entirely smooth. Leaves
opposite, ovate, subsessile, blunt, entire or obsoletely
crenate. Pedicels axillary, longer than the leaves.

29

Tube of the calyx egg-shaped, its lobes acute. Flowers
erect, solitary, white.

Common about watercourses, ditches, &c., in the summer.
It is an emollient, and used accordingly as an ingredient
in poultices. Its smell, when dried, resembles that of
Trigonella foenum graecum.

STAPELIA. Lin.

i^Asclepiadece.^
V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

66. Stapelia pilifera. Lin, Root fibrous. Stem
simple or branchy, leafless, succulent, round, fur-
rowed, tubercled ; tuberciiles hair-pointed. Floioers
stalked, solitary. Calyx 5 cleft ; corolla. 5 fid, its
segments ovate, acuminate, patent.

The stem of this plant, which grows in the dreary wastes
of the Karroo, is fleshy and of the size and form of a
cucumber. It has an insipid, yet cool and watery taste,
and is eaten by the natives, who call it Guaap, for the
purpose of quenching their thirst. Infused with brandy,
this plant is said to be a useful remedy for piles.

GOMPHOCAIIPUS. R.Br.

(AsclepiadecB,^

V. 2. PENTANDRIA DYGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

67. Gomphocarpus crispus. R. Br. Stem erect,
hispid. Branches alternate. Leaves on short petioles,
subsessile, opposite, linear-lanceolate, round or sub-
cordate at base, crisp and wavy at the margin, rigid,
acuminate. Flowers stalked, axillary, or terminal,
umbellate. Pedicels bracteolate^ hairy. Corolla re-
flexed ; leaves of the corona pointed upwards, oblong,
toothed at base. Follicles compressed, beaked, downy.
Rihs naked.

This plant, the Bitter-wo7^tel of the farmers, is found
among hilly places in the western part of the colony. The
root, formerly known to the Dutch apothecaries as the
Radix Asclepiadis crispce, is extremely bitter and acrid,
and on account of its diuretic virtues, a decoction or infu-
sion of it has been recommended in various kinds of dropsy,
and a tincture prepared of it, is said to be a valuable
remedv in colic.

30

DATURA. Lin

(^SolanacecB.)
V. — 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

68. Datura Stramonium. Lin. Herbaceous. Stem
round, branchy. Leaves ovate, unequally sinuato-
dentate, smooth. Flowers large, white, funnel-shaped,
plaited, axillary, solitary ; ijeduncles short. Calyx
tubular, 5-toothed, deciduous. Stamens 5 ; style fili-
form. Capsule fleshy, ovate, erect, prickly, 4-celled
at base, 2-celled at the apex. Seeds numerous, kidney-
shaped.

This common weed, originally a native of America, but
now naturalized in most parts of the civilized world, is
well known to Englishmen as the Thorm-apple, so named
on account of its spiny fruit. Having a foetid, nauseous
smell, it is called Stinkhlaren by the Cape colonists.
Every part of this plant is highly narcotic, and pharma-
ceutical preparations made from it require, in their adminis-
tration, the greatest care and circumspection. In ^ouih
Africa, the fresh warmed leaves of the plant, or the vapour
of an infusion, are successfully used as a sedative in violent
pains, caused by rheumatism (zinkens) or rheumatic gout.
In the shape of poultices also they are applied to carcino-
matous ulcers, and it is said that the smoking of the dried
leaves affords great relief in spasmodic athma.

SOLANUM. Lin.

(^SolanacecB.^
V. — 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

69. Solanum niveum. Thbg. Root perannual. Stem
fruticose, 6 feet high, erect, snow-white, tomentose,
thorny. Branches prickly. Leaves alternate, stalked,
ovate, attenuate at both ends, entire, nerved. Flowers
blue, in a lateral, decompound, panicle. Pedicels
dichotoraous, drooping. Fruit a red glabrous berry.

The leaves of this Solanum are smooth on the upper,
and woolly on the lower surface. The application of the
latter to foul ulcers cleanses them, and a cure is afterwards
effected by applying the upper surface. Hence their Dutch
name of Geeneshldren. The fresh juice of the berries and
leaves, when formed into an ointment with lard or fat,
are also in use amongst the farmers for the same purpose.

31

70. Solanum iiigrum. Lin, Stem and hrunchea her-
baceous, erect, angular, heaves ovate, bluntly-toothed
and waved, attenuate at base. Flowers lunbellate,
lateral, drooping, white. Berries gl()l)Ose, black.

The common Nightshade (Nacht-schaduwen) grows wild
in almost all parts of the globe. It has a nauseous smell,
and is slightly narcotic. In South Africa the expressed
juice of the herb, and its decoction, made with fat and
wax into an ointment, are often successfully employed in
cleaning and healing foul ulcers. — Frequent amongst garden
weeds, under walls, on dunghills, etc.

LYPERIA. Benth.
( ScrophulnriacecB?)

XIV. — 2. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST.

71. Lyperia crocea. Eckl. A little branchy shrub.
Leaves very small, wedge-shaped, fasciculate, obtuse,
entire, smooth. Peduncles elongated, axillary. Flowers
sub-racemose, yeUow. Tube of the corolla much
longer than the calyx.

This bush deserves notice as a drug, and in all proba-
bility will, ere long, become an article of colonial export.
It grows abundantly in some parts of the Eastern districts,
whence it has found its way into the dispensary. The
flowers, which are called Geele hloemetjes^ closely resemble
Saffron in smell and taste ; they possess similar medical
properties, and as an antispasmodic, anodyne, and stimu-
lant, ought to rank with the Crocus sativus. Here, they
have as yet been only used with success in the convulsions
of children, but they deserve a more general trial. On
account of the fine orange colour which they impart, they
are in daily request among the Mohamedans, who use
them for the purpose of dying their handkerchiefs. This
drug has been observed to be sometimes adulterated by the
admixture of other plants of the same genus, which are
less efficacious.

MENTHA. Lin.
[LabiatcB.)

XIV. — 1. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST.

72. Mentha capensis, Thhg. Stem erect, 4-edged,
covered all over with a white shag. Branches alter-
nate, divaricating. Leaves opposite, sessile, subcorrlate

32

at base, linear-lanceolate, pointed, entire or often un-
equally toothed, hoary beneath, penninerved. Floral
leaves awl-shaped. Flowers whorled, spiked. Spikes
cylindrical, subsolitary. Calyx tomentose. Corolla
white. Stamens longer than the corolla.

Like other Mints, this one contains an ethereal oil, which
is sharp and bitter to the taste. It grows plentifully in
moist mountainous regions, and is valued as a most excel-
lent antispasmodic and carminative. It is used in the form
of infusion in flatulent colic, meteorism, cardialgia, hysteria,
and amenorrhoea, and externally to sugillations, glandular
swellings, indurations, or similar complaints.

SALVIA. LiJ.\

{LabiatcB,)
II. — 1. DIANDKIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

73. Salvia africana. Lin. Stem shrubby, erect,
2 feet high, scabrid, very branchy. Branches divari-
cating, four-edged, shaggy. Leaves decussate, stalked,
opposite, obovate, mucronate, serrate, wrinkled with
veins, truncate at base, green above, whitish beneath.
Leaf-stalks short, amplexicaul. Flowers in whorls,
terminal, bracteate, peduncled. Peduncles opposite,
short, hairy. Bracts 3-leaved, unequal. Whorls 4-6
flowered. Calyx campanulate villose. Corolla blue,
hairy, double as long as the calyx. Upper lip 3-lobed,
nearly entire, round ; lower 2-lobed ; lobes ovate,
acute.

Like those of the common Sage, the leaves of this
species (known as the Wild Sage) are fragrant, astringent,
and bitter. They possess nearly the same medical pro-
perties as the Salvia officinalis , and are used in the same
way, and under similar circumstances.

BALLOTA. Lin.

{Labiates.)

XIV. — 1. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST.

74. Ballota africana. Benth. Shaggy. Stem
erect, one to a foot and a half high. Leaves stalked,
orbicular, cordate, irregularly notched. Flowers small,

33

crowded in distant axillary whorls. Corolla almost
smooth ; bracts awl-shaped. Calyx ribbed, with 10
setaceous, pointed teeth.

This plant, the whole of which is covered \\\i\\ soft
hairs, bears an affinity to, and possesses the medical pro-
perties of the European Horehound (Marruhiuni vulgare.
Lin.). It has an aromatic, bitter taste, and as a tonic,
discutient, and expectorant, decoctions and infusions of its
leaves are often successfully employed in chronic puhiionary
diseases, obstinate coughs, and particularly in asthmatic
affections. The colonists know this plant as Katte-kruiden*
(Cat-herbs).

LEONOTIS. R. Br.

CLabiatce.^

XIV. — 1. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST.

75. Leonotis LeonitriLS. R. Br. Stem shrubby, 5
feet high. Branches tomentose. Leaves oblongo-
lanccolate, whorled, obtuse, serrate from the middle
to the apex, narrowed at base, slightly shaggy beneath.
Flowers in crowded axillary whorls. Calyx dentate,
pubescent. Bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter
than the calyx. Corolla tube-shaped, curved, densely
hairy, bright orange, or rarely buff.

This plant, the Wild Dagga, is, on account of its
beautiful flowers, a fine garden ornament. It grows wikl
in the sandy Cape Flats, and often at the roadside. It
has a peculiar scent and a nauseous taste, and seems to
produce narcotic effects if incautiously used. It is em-
ployed in the form of decoction in chronic cutaneous erup-
tions, and may be tried even in cases of leprosy. The
usual dose is a wineglass-full three or four times a-day.
The Hottentots are particularly fond of this plant, and
smoke it instead of tobacco, and take a decoction of its
leaves as a strong purgative ; they likewise give it as an
emmenagogue in amenorrhoea. In the Eastern districts,
the Leonotis ovata is used for the same purpose.

* In the famous trial of C. A. van dcr Merwe for the niurclor ot Ins
wife (1838), this herb has been represented (but erroneously) by s
medical witness as navcotic

34

CHENOPODIUM. Lin.

(^Salsolacece,)

V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

76. Chenopodium amhrosioides. Lin. Herbaceous.
Stem erect, rough, branchy. Leaves stalked, oblong,
narrowed at both ends, unequally sinuato-dentate,
glandular beneath, upper ones linear-lanceolate, entirco
Racemes leafy, glomerate, subspicate, terminal and
axillary.

The whole of this plant has a strong aromatic smell,
caused by an ethereal oil which it contains, and a pungent,
bitter taste. Its properties are antispasmodic, diaphoretic,
and anthelmintic, and the best form for its administration
is that of tea or infusion. — Grows chiefly on waste ground,
under walls, by way-sides, or upon rubbish near towns
and villages.

CASSYTA. Lin.

{Laurinece.)

IX. — 1. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

77. Cassyta filiformis, Lin. Parasitical. Branches
filiform, leafless, twining, having papillaB instead of
roots. Perianth 6-cleft. Flowers bisexual, clustered,
greenish. Fruit a red berry.

A small, twining leafless parasite, known as Vrouwen-
haar, and common all over the colony. It is employed,
but not often, as a wash in scald head, and for the destruc-
tion of vermin. Some people pretend, that it makes the
hair grow.

PROTEA. LiN.

(^ProteacecB.)

IV. — 1. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

78. Protea mellifera. Lin. A shrub 7 — 8 feet high,
perfectly smooth. Stem bushy, erect. Branches
purplish. Leaves lanceolate, attenuate at base, blunt,
quite entire, glossy. Involucre in the axils of the
branches, obovate, oblong, pink or white, scaly, im-
bricated. Inferior scales small, ovate, appressed ;
upper ones lanceolate, erect, concave, bituminous.

During the time of the inflorescence of this common,
but beautiful shnib (Suikerbosch), the involucra or its

35

showy flowers are filled with a sweet, watery liquor, which
is an allurement to the laborious bee, and to a host of
various insects. This Hquid contains a great deal of honey.
It is therefore collected by many farmers, who prepare from
it by inspissation, a delicious syrup, which is known as
the Syrupus Protece (^Boschjes-stroop), and which is
of great use in cough and pulmonary affections. The
Protea Lejpidocarpon, R. Br. and some other Proteae
also supply the same savoury juice.

RICINUS. Lin.

(^EupliorbiacecB.')

XXI. — 10. MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. LIN. SYST.

79. Ricinus lividus. Jacq. ^Sfe^Tz arborescent, branchy
Leaves peltate, palmated, coloured ; their lobes oblong,
serrate-dentate.

It is scarcely necessary to say much of a remedy so
universally known as the one derived from this plant.
As a mild purgative, the Castor-oil excels all other pre-
parations, and is daily prescribed in all parts of the globe.
It is desirable, however, that instead of importing this
medicine, the colonists should prepare it themselves for
exportation to those countries, where this useful plant does
not grow spontaneously.

HY^NANCHE. Lamb.

{Euphorhiacece.. )

XXI. — 9. MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

80. Hycenanche glohosa. Lamb. An arborescent
shrub 8 — 10 feet high. Branches wrinkled, rifted,
knotty. Leaves standing by fours on short stalks,
whorled, oblong, reticulated, obtuse, leathery, quite
entire, glabrous. Peduncles corymbose, axillary.
Flowers monoecious.

Though the fruit of this shrub {Wolvehoon) has not
been introduced into the Materia medica of the Cape, yet
it deserves particular attention. It is highly poisonous,
and its four-celled nuts, when pounded, are used to destroy
hyaenas, or other beasts of prey, and seem to contain
Strychnium. This fatal bush is an inhabitant of the Mas-
kamma mountain, in the neighbourhood of the Olifants
River.

36

GUNNERA. Lin.

( UrticacecB. )
II. — 2. DIANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

81. Gunner a jDerj^ensa. Lin. Herbaceous. Radical
leaves large, stalked, kiclney-shaped, unequal, veined,
obsoletely lobed, cordate at base, serro-dentate.
Petioles elongated, compressed, streaked, hairy, as
the leaves are. Scape tall, bearing a compound
panicle of very small crowded flowers. Fruit a
glabrous juicy berry.

This plant ( Wilde Ramanas) grows in moist and watery
parts of the colony. A decoction of the root is used by
the farmers in the interior as a tonic in dyspepsia, and
a tinctm-e from it as an efficient remedy in gravel. The
leaves infused as tea are said to act as a demulcent in
pulmonary affections, and to cure ulcerations and wounds
when applied fresh.

PIPER. Lin.

(^PiperacecB.)
II. — 1. DIANDKIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

82. Piper capense. Lin. Herbaceous, smooth. Stem
erect, articulated, branchy, climbing. Branches geni-
culate, forked, one-sided, .spreading. Leaves alter-
nate, stalked, cordate, acute, entire, 3-nerved above,

7 -nerved beneath, netted. Nerves downy. Flowers '
in spikes, opposed. Spikes peduncled, cylindrical.
Fruit a berry.

The dense forests of Swellendam and George produce a
kind of pepper {Boscltpeper), which partakes of the pro-
perties peculiar to the genus. The berries have a hot
pungent taste, and an aromatic smell, and, infused in
spirits, yield a tincture which is prescribed as a stomachic,
stimulant, and carminative in indigestion, flatulency and
colic. In appearance and taste they greatly resemble the
Cubehsj and very likely possess similar virtues.

WIDDRINGTONIA. Endl.

( Conifer w.)

XXI. — 10. MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. LIN. SYST.

83. Widdringtonia juniperoides. Endl. Branches
purplish, squarrose, twiggy. Leaves opposite, minute.

37

*
decussate, densely imbricate, appressed, ovate, con-
nate, bluntly pointed, glabrous, glanduliferous. Flowers
dioecious. Male catkins terminal, solitary ; female
ones, lateral. Cones globose, 4-valved ; valves woody,
erect, mucronate.

From the branches and cones of this fine tree, Ceder-
1007)1 (Cedar-tree), which grows plentifully in the moun-
tainous regions of ClanwiUiam, exudes a gum, which soon
hardens in the air, becomes solid, yellowish, and trans-
parent, and scarcely differs from the Gwnmi Ollbanam,
an article well known in commerce. This gum is suc-
cessfully used in the form of fumigations, in gout, rheu-
matism, or oedematous swellings, and is also employed for
the purpose of compounding plasters or preparing varnish,
— Widdringtoriia ciipressoides. Endl. (Thuia cupressoides
Thbg.), a shrub pretty common in the neighbourhood of
Cape Town, exudes the same substance.

HOMERIA. Vent.

(^IridecE.)

XVI. — 1. MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA. LIN. SYST.

84. Homeria collina. Siveef. Root a corm or tube-
rous bulb, covered with a fibrous, reticulated, hardened
coat. Shaft erect, smooth, paniculately branched.
Branches 2-3 flowered. Spathe 2-valved, awned.
Radical-leaf, strap-shaped, narrow, caudate, concave,
abruptly-pointed, outreaching the shaft. Cauline
leaves 2-3 much smaller. Corolla ephemerous, of a
yellow or vermilion colour.

I introduce this plant, the Moraea collina, Thhf/.j (which
is known to almost every child in the colony as the Cape
Tulip,) not for its thej'apeutical use, but for its obnoxious-
ness. The poisonous qualities of its bulbs appear to have
been known to some extent years ago, but judging from
the rapidity with which death ensued ia a recent case,
when they had been eaten by mistake, it must be of a
very poisonous kind. To Dr. Laing, Police Surgeon
of Cape Town, I am indebted for the particulars of a
most melancholy case of poisoning caused by this bulb.

A malay woman, somewhat advanced in years, with her
three grand-children, respectively of the ages of 12, 8, and
6, partook, on the 18th September last (1850), of a sup])er,
consisting of coffee, fish, and rice, and ate along with this,

38

a small basinful of the bulbs of the Homeria collina. The
exact quantity which each ate, is not well known. They
appear to have supped between 7 and 8, and retired to bed
at 9 o'clock, apparently in good health.

About one in the morning; the old woman awoke with
severe nausea, followed by vomiting, and found the childi-en
similarly afl'ected. She endeavoured to call for assistance,
but found herself too weak to leave her bed, and when,
at 5 o'clock, assistance arrived, the eldest girl was found
Tnorihund, and expired almost immediately. The little
boy of 8 years died an hour afterwards, and the youngest
child was found in a state of collapse, almost insensible,
with cold extremities, pulse scarcely 50 and irregular, pupils
much dilated. The symptoms of the grandmother were
nearly similar, but in a lesser degree, accompanied by
constant efforts at vomiting By using diffusible stimu-
lants, she and this child eventually recovered.

The body of the eldest child was examined twelve hours
after death. Marks of intense gastritis were found, parti-
cularly about the cardiac and pyloric orifices. The inflam-
mation extended throughout the whole course of the small
intestines, and there was great venous congestion of the
brain.*

* About a year after the publication of the first edition of this little
work, the author received the following communication from the late
Richard Fryer, Esq., then Justice of the Peace for Clanwilliam : — '

Clanwilliam, 9th February, 1852.

Dear Sir,— On perusing your "Flora Capensis Medica" the other
day, the circumstance stated at page 26, of the poisonous eiFects of
the bulb of the " Cape Tulip," brought to my recollection a dreadful
accident which occurred in Hantam, in this district, many years ago,
and, as I was called upon at the time, in a judicial way, to examine
some of the bodies and take evidence upon the causes of death, I can
vouch for the accuracy of what I shall here relate. It appears that one
of the shepherds of a farmer residing there, brought home in the evening,
a bundle of bulbs, which the Dutch call " Uyntjes ;" that towards dusk
these were put under the ashes to roast, and when the other servants
assembled in the kitchen, they were taken out and eaten amongst them, —
the party consisting of three Hottentots, two women, and one male slave.
About half an hour after they had partaken of them, they were all
seized with dreadful nausea, followed shortly afterwards by severe
vomiting, and a speedy prostration of strength. The farmer being
called, ascertained immediately from some of the bulbs still uncon-
sumed, that they had been eating of the " Homeria collina," of the
yellow sort. "Wilde Dagga, sweet oil, milk, and everything thought
good, were immediately administered, but before midnight, the three
Hottentots and one woman had died, in excruciating agonies. The male
slave was got through, although, for a year afterwards, he looked like a
skeleton, and the surviving woman ascribed her safety to only having
ate one bulb. — &c.,

R. F.

39

It is remarkable that in cases of poisoning- from Funq'iy
violent diarrhoea is present along with vomiting-, whereas
in the present case obstinate constipation prevailed.

Most probably, all plants belonginp: to this genus partake
of this poisonous property, which, in the case mentioned
above, was not dissipated by boiling.

H^iMANTHUS. Lin.

(^Amaryllidece,)
VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

85. H(Emanthus coccineus. Lin. Root a laro"e tuni-
cated bulb. Radical leaves 2, lying flat on the ground,
broad, thick, coriaceous, tongue-shaped or ovate,
entire, smooth. Sca.pe flat, erect, coloured, bearing
a densely-flowered umbel. Involucre 4-leaved, blood-
red ; its segments ovate. Fruit a red berry.

The bulb of this beautiful plant is used on account of
its diuretic effects. It is cut into slices, digested in
vinegar, and with the addition of honey, boiled down to
the consistence of an oxymel, which is given as an expec-
torant and as a diuretic in asthma and dropsy. The fresh
leaves are used externally as an antiseptic in foul flabby
ulcers and in anthrax, and are known by the name of
Veldschoenhldren.

GETHYLLIS. Lin.

{AmaryllidecB.)

VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

86. Gethyllis spiralis. Lin. Bulb ovate, scaly.
Leaves fascicled, upright, linear, channelled, glabrous,
spirally twisted, appearing after the flower has decayed.
Flower solitary, salver-shaped, white, spotted beneath
with confluent purple dots ; its tube very long, stalk-
like, partly under ground. Fruit cylindrical, scented.

The elongated, club-shaped^ orange-coloured fruit of this
plant has a peculiar fragrance, and still preserves its old
Hottentot name of Kukumakranka. Infused in spirits, the
liquor partakes of its pleasing scent, and is employed in
colic and flatulencv.

40

ASPAKAGUS. Lm,

(^AftparaginecE.)
VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

87. Asparagus laricinus. Burch. Perannual. Stem
twining, waving, smooth. Branches alternate, bent
backward, armed at base and in the axils of the leaves
with solitary, short, reflexed prickles. Leaves sub-
verticillate, clustered, awl-shaped, sharp-pointed, sti-
pulate, longer than the iiiternodes. Peduncles 2, very-
slender, one-flowered, pendulous, nodulose above base.
Floioers bell-shaped, patent, white, small.

The young succulent shoots of this kind of Asparagus
furnish a most excellent dish. Its roots are diuretic, impart
a pecuHar smell to the urine, and are of service in dropsy,
and in all cases where the secretion of the kidneys is
scanty or anomalous

SANSEYIERA. Thbg.

(^AsparaginecB. ^

VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

88. Sanseviera tkgrsiflora. Thhg.^ Root horizontally
creeping, jointed. Leaves radical, broad, ensiform,
smooth, coriaceous, marginate with a callous point at
the apex. Scape 2 feet high, sheated at intervals by
membranaceous bracts of an ovate-lanceolate form.
Flowers racemoso-spicate, stalked, white, standing in'
pairs ; anthers yellow ; style lengthened, capitate.

Not uncommon in forests and on Karroo-like hills between
the Zwartkops and Bosjesman Rivers (Uitenhage) Fl.
Dec. Jan. In the Eastern districts, the tlesliy root of this
plant, when boiled, is made use of internally in piles, and is
called fKay by the natives.

ALOE. LiN.

(^Asphodelece.)

VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

89. Aloe ferox. Lam. Stem very lofty. Leaves
perfoliate, thick, juicy, sword-shaped, deflexed, glau-

* This species has been referred by most authors to Sanseviera guineen-
sis. Willd. as a mere variety. Whether this be truly correct I cannot
decide, not having had an opportunity of examining both in a fresh
state.

41

cous, prickly throughout, but bearing larger and
sharper spines along the margins. I^ lowers racemose,
crowded. Stamens double as long as the corolla.

The Cape Aloes are procured from several species of this
extensive genus, so peculiar to South Africa. The Aloe
ferox. Lam., a native of Swellendam, is generally acknow-
ledged to yield the best extract. That obtained' from the
Aloe africana. Mill, is almost equally good, but not so
bitter, nor so powerful as a drastic. It is the produce of
the eastern districts, whence large quantities are annually
exported. The Aloe commonly used by the Colonists, is
prepared from the Aloe jAicatilis. MilU, whose extract is
a much milder purgative, and much resembles the Bar-
badoes Aloes. It inhabits the mountainous range near
the Paarl, Drakenstein, and Fransche Hoek. It is much
to be regretted, that the farmers do not take more trouble
in purifying this valuable drug.

ORNITHOGALUM. Lin.

(^AspJiodelece,)

VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

90. Ornithogalum altissimum. Lin. Bulb very large,
round, tunicated. Leaves (appearing after the scape
has withered) strap-shaped and lanceolate, convolutely-
mucronate. Scape solitary, glaucous, racemose, elon-
gated. Raceme cylindrical, lengthened, crowded with
white scentless flowers.

The fleshy bulb of this plant often grows as lai'ge as a
child's head. It is diuretic, and a kind of oxyiiiel, Hke
that obtained from the Hcem^anthus coccinetis, is prepared
from it, and employed as a demulcent in catarrh, asthma,
consumption, and hydrothorax. It resembles the Scilla
maritima in its effects, is common in Zwailland, where
it is called Mayerman, and may be prescribed as a sub-
stitute for Scilla.

TULBAGHIA. Thbg.
{Asphodele(B.)

VI. 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

91. Tulhaghia alliacea. Thhg. Root fasciculated,
imperfectly bulbous, fibrous. Leaves sheating at base,
two-rowed, strap-shaped, linear, obtuse, streaked,
smooth. Scape simple, longer than the leaves, ending

42

in a loose, few-flowered umbel, surrounded by a dry
2-valved involucre. Flowers 6-7, on long peduncles,
drooping, dark purplish. Perianth double, outer-one
funnel-shaped, limb 6 partite, interior 3-leaved, fleshy.

This bulbous plant has a very pungent, offensive odour,
very like that of garlic, and a somewhat acrimonious taste, and
has received the name of wilde Knoflook (wild garlic). Its
bulbs, boiled in milk, are recommended in phthisis, and
for expelling intestinal worms. In the eastern districts,
Tulhaghia cepacea and T. violacea serve the same purpose.

IDOTHEA. KuNTH.

(^Asphodelece.)

VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

92. Idothea ciliaris, Kth. Root a scaly bulb. Radi-
cal leaves (appearing after the flowers have faded)
strap-shaped, pointed, and fringed with short marginal
hairs. Scape straight, spotted, smooth, much longer
than the leaves. Flowers racemose, greenish-white ;

Jlower-stalks spreading.

The bulb of this plant greatly resembles that of the
Scilla maritima; it is of a dingy, purplish colour, and
its juice is so very acrid as to cause inflammation and
even blisters, when applied to the skin. It is called
Jeukbol (itching bulb) by the Colonists, and used by them
when dried, like the common Squill is in Europe, as an •
emetic, expectorant, and diuretic.

Found in the district of Swellendam, where it flowers
in the month of September.

Idothea elata, Kth., closely allied to this species, has
the same properties, and was already known to Breynius*
as the " Bulbus liliaceus vomitorius Capitis bonae Spei."

EKIOSPERMUM. Jacq.

(^Asphodelece,)
VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

93. Eriospermum latifolium. Jacq. Root tuberous,
roundish, knobbed, blood-red inside. Radical-leaf

• J. Breynius Exoticarum, aliarumque minus cognitarum plantarum'
Centuria. Gedani 1678. Fol, (Tab. 40.)

43

broad, ovate, pointed, entire, coriaceous, nervy, trans-
versely veined, smooth, involute at base, dotted
beneath, stalked. Scape simple, erect, streaked, race-
mose, many-flowered. Flowers pedicellate, bracteate,
white.

The scarlet coloured tuber of this species, which grows
on the sides of the Lion's Rump, near Cape Town and else-
where, is very muculent, and used externally, in abrasions
of the skin and in superficial ulcers. It is also employed
by the Mohamedans, in the form of decoction, in amenorr-
hoea. Its Cape name is Baviaans-oren.

KICHARDIA. Kth.

(^AroidecB.)
XXI. — 1. MONOECIA ANDROGYNIA. LIN. SYST.

94. Richardia africana. Kth. Root thick, fleshy.
Leaves radical, glossy, arrow-shaped, cordate at base,
stalked ; leaf-stalks sheating, clasping the scape ; scape
nearly three-cornered, erect ; spathe petal-like, hooded,
covering the flower-bearing spadix. Fruit a berry.

More than a century ago, this hardy plant, the Ethiopian
Callttf has, on account of its large, ornamental, white, cap-
like spathe, been cultivated in all the gardens of Europe.
In this Colony, where it is indigenous, the fresh leaves,
when appHed warm to parts affected with gout or rheuma-
tism, allay the pain by producing local perspiration. The
roots afford good nourishment for the porcupine (Hystrix
cristata) Yster-vark, and therefore probably, this conspicuous
plant has received the Cape vernacular, but ugly name of
Varkens-blaren (pig's-leaves.)

MOHRIA. Sw.

Filices.
XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA. LIN. SYST.

95. Mohria thurifraga. Sw, Caudex creeping,
fibrous. Stipe filiform, hispid, erect Fronds bipin-
nate, covered beneath with chaffy scales. Pinnce alter-
nate, stalked ; pinnules ovate, the upper fruit-bearing-
ones, crenate ; the barren-ones deeply incised.

This fern grows abundantly on the Cape Mountains-
The plant, when bruised, is fragrant and smells of Oli-

44

banum. In some parts of the Colony, the dry leaves are
pulverised, and with fat made into an ointment, which is
cooling, and very serviceable in burns and scalds. The
vernacular name of this plant is Brand-boschjes.

LASTREA. Presl.
( Filices.^

XXIV.^ — CRYPTOGAMIA. LIN. SYST.

96. Lastrea athamantica, Moore. Stipe erect,
flexuose, covered at base with long linear deciduous
scales. Fronds leathery, smooth, lanceolate, three-
pinnate. PinncR stalked, oblong, acuminate. Frimary
pinnules sessile, ovato-oblong, wedge-shaped at base,
decurrent ; secondary, sickle-shaped, oblong, blunt,
veiny. Sori round, solitary Involucre kidney-shaped.

A fern, growing on grassy hills and in moist places, near
Port Natal. The Zoolu Kafirs, who know it by the name
of UncomocomOf use it as a vermifuge, and its caudex, given
in the form of powder, infusion, or electuary, has been
proved to be excellent in helminthiasis, and especially in
the cure of the tape- worm.

ADIANTHUM. Lin.

{Filices.)
XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA. LIN. SYST.

97. Adianthum cethiopicum. Lin. Caudex fibrous.
Stipe compressed, waving, purplish. Fronds very deli-
cate, transparent, decompound, smooth. Pinnce alter-
nate on capillary stalks. Pinnules rhomboidal, crenate
at apex, traversed by forked nerves.

An infusion of this herb is sometimes used as an emol-
lient in coughs, and in diseases of the chest. A syrup is
also prepared from it, and it forms part of the species
pectorales of the pharmacopoeia. The Basuto Kafirs, who
call this fern Ma-o-ru-rnetsoOj employ its caudex in the
shape of decoction for promoting parturition.

FUCOIDE^.

XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA (ALGiE). LIN. SYST.

98. The peculiar substance called Iodine, and now
so universally appreciated as a powerful remedy, is

45

derived from the ashes or kelp of the Fucoidece. With
these our shores are well strewed ; and amongst them
are found AlgcB, distinguislied both for extraordinary
frequency and gigantic size. It is certain that the
Ecklonia buccinalis. Hornm. (Zee-bamboes), our Sar-
gassa, Laminarice, and Iridaece, tlie Macrocijstis plani-
caulis, Ag., the Desmarestia herbacea. Lamour, and many
more of our large marine plants, would easily yield a
vast quantity of Iodine, if the experiment of preparing
it, were thought worth a due trial.

SUHRIA. J. Ag.

(^FloridecB.)
XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA (ALG^). LIN. SYST.

99. Suhria vittata. I. Ag. Base callous, fixed
parasitically on the stems of larger Algce. Frond leaf-
like, linear-lanceolate, branchy, mid-ribbed at base,
prolificating. Frolifications issuing chiefly from the
margin of the frond as fringes, or in the form of
small obovate leaves, which contain the fructification.
iS ubstance cartilaginous ; colour deep purple.

Like the Carrageen, or Irish moss, the whole of this
handsome sea-weed is soluble in boiling water, and trans-
formed into a gelatinous mass. In the shape o^ jelly or
blanc mange, it is advantageously employed in pulmonary
complaints, scrofula, rickets, irritation of the bladder, &c.,
as a demulcent and nutritive.

Common in Table Bay, particularly on the gigantic stems
of the Sea-trumpet (Ecklonia buccinalis. Horn.)

PODAXON. Desv.

(Fwigi.)
XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA. LIN. SYST.

100. Podaxon carcinomatis. Fr. Club-shaped ; peri-
dium dehiscent at base. Stipe erect, cylindrical, white.
Cap ovate, tapering upwards, nearly as long as the
stipe.

A mushroom of an oblong club-shaped form, which grows
gregariously on ant-hills. It contains a blackish powder
(seeds), which is used occasionally for curing carcinomatous
ulcers.

APPENDIX.

I subjoin to the above enumeration of medical
plants, a remedy derived from the animal Kingdom,
one, which, if tried properly, will in all probability
become an article of commerce. I allude to the

HYRACEUM,*

much valued by many farmers, and well known
amongst, them, by the rather harsh name of Das-
jespis, Thunberg, and other travellers, mistook it
for a kind of bitumen ; but it is in fact the secre-
tion of a quadruped, which is common throughout
the Colony, and that lives gregariously on the
rocky summits of mountains, viz., the Klipdas or
Hyrax capensis. It is worthy of note that this
production has baffled the researches of eminent
Zoologists, who have failed from even minute dis-
section, in discovering any specific secretory organ,
from which this matter could be derived. It may
be asserted, however, that the Hyraceum is pro-
duced by the uropoetical system of the animal just
named, and in order to explain this seeming anomaly,
it must be observed that the Hyrax drinks very
seldom, if ever. Its urine, like that of the Hare,
is not thin and limpid, as in other quadrupeds, but
thick and of a glutinous nature. From a peculiar
instinct, these animals are in the habit of secreting
the urine always at one spot, where its watery
parts evaporate in the sun, while its more tenacious
portions stick to the rock, and harden in the air.
The fresh urine of the Hyrax is of a reddish tint,
and this has given rise to the opinion of those, who
took this production for a kind of menstrual secre-
tion.

This substance is common on our mountains, and

* Cf. Dr L. Fikentscher, Das Hyraceum in historischer, chemischer,
pharmaceutischer, and therapeutischer Beziehung. Erkngen, 1851.
Octvo.

47

is to be found, mixed with earth and dirt, near the
caves or crevices, where these animals have their
haunts.

In smell, and in its therapeutical effects, the
Hyraceum resembles most the Castoreum, a remedy
which is decreasing in quantity every year, and may
therefore be replaced by the former. A new article
of export would thus be gained. Amongst the
farmers, a solution of this substance is' highly
spoken of as an antispasmodic in hysterics, epilepsy,
convulsions of children, St. Yitus's dance ; in short,
in spasmodic affections of every kind.

Dr. A. Brown, who has employed the Hyraceum
in a great number of cases, has communicated to
me the following remarks of its effects, as the result
of his experience : —

Hyraceum is a mild stimulant and antispasmodic.
The tincture, when well and properly prepared,
appears to be a remedy of considerable power. It
is regarded as an emmenagogue among the country
people. In hysterical, nervous, and spasmodic affec-
tions, Hyraceum, in the form of tincture, is a very
valuable remedy, and one highly deserving of trial.
It is daily prescribed by myself. It is advantage-
ously combined with the Tr. Valerianae. I can speak
highly of its efficacy in this class of cases. ]\Iy
common formula for its use is

Tinct. Hyracei.

„ „ Valerianae.
Spir. aether sulph., two drams of each.
Aq cinnamon, two ounces.
M. D. s. — A tea-spoonful thrice a-day, or 30 drops every
two or three hours.

In Epilepsy, I have also tried, and can recommend it.
In spasmodic asthma, I have often derived decided
advantage from a combination of equal parts of Tinc-
tura Hyracei and Tinct. Lobelias inflatse.

In a long-standing case of Hypochondria, accom-
panied by strong hysterical symptoms, and which
had baffled myself and several other practitioners, a
teaspoonful of the tincture produced a rapid and

48

decided cure. As an emmenagogue in amenorrhoGa
and chlorosis, its effects have been beyond all con-
ception. In one case of chlorosis, where the cata-
menia had been absent eleven months, in another
of amenorrhoea of eighteen months, and where the
patient had been confined to bed for months, expec-
torating pus and blood, had hectic fever, cold
clammy perspiration at night, complete loss of appe-
tite, and was given up as altogether hopeless, Hyra-
ceum effected a complete cure, for she has now for
years continued fat and plump, and menstruates
regularly.

In all cases where Castoreum is recommended, I
have found Hyraceum far preferable as an anti-
spasmodic ; in hysteria itself, it is invaluable.

A. B.

GLOSSARY.

Ibortive and abortion, terms used
where the symmetry of the
flower is not complete, or im-
perfectly developed.

Acheenium, the fruit of the family
of the Compositae, which is one-
seeded, and does not open ,but the
pericarp of which is separable.

Acuminate, tapering at top ; sharp-
pointed.

Acute, pointed, not tapering.

Alternate, placed one above another.

Amplexicaul, embracing the stem.

Angular, having angles on the
margin.

Anther, a membranaceous body,
borne by the filament, con-
taining a dust-like powder.

Apiculate, having a soft terminal
point.

Articulated, jointed.

Attenuate, gradually diminishing in
breadth.

Axillary, growing in the axil.

Baccate, berried, covered with a

soft flesh.
Bipinnate, if a compound leaf is

divided twice in a pinnate

manner.
Bract, a floral leaf ; a leaf from

which flowers proceed.
Bractlet, a small bract at the base

of a separate flower.
Callous, hardened, indxirated.
Calyx, flower-cup, the exterior

covering of a flower.
Campanulate, bell-shaped.
Cap, the uppermost part of a

fungus.
Capitate, formed into a head.
Capitulum, a head of flowers in

Compositce.

Capsule, a membranaceous seed-
vessel opening by valves.

Cartilaginous, hard and tough.

Catkin, a deciduous unisexual spike,
whose flowers are destitute of
calyx and corolla, but supplied
with bracts.

Caudate, having a tail or appendage-

Caudex, the stem of ferns.

Channelled, concave, so as to re-
semble a gutter.

Ciliated, fringed with short, stiff",
marginal hairs.

Compound, composed of several
parts.

Compressed, flattened.

Cone, a dry fruit formed by scales,
covering naked seeds.

Connate, united at base.

Cordate, heart-shaped.

Coriaceous, leathery.

Corolla, the inner envelope of the
flower, constituting what is
commonly called the flower.

Corona, scaly or petal-like bodies,
intervening between the petals
and the stamens.

Corymb, a raceme, in which the
lower stalks are longest, and the
upper ones so shortened, that
the flowers are placed in one
horizontal plane.

Crenate, having rounded marginal
teeth.

Crested, having an elevated ap-
pendage, a crest.

Cylindrical, having a cyliiuiricai
shape.

Deciduous, falling off after having
performed its functions.

Decompound, having compound
branchings.

G

50

Decussate, crossing at right angles.

Dehiscent, opening, bursting.

Dentate, toothed.

Dichotomoiis, divided by twos, forked.

Dioecious, a plant is so called when
male and female organs appear
separate upon different indivi-
duals.

Discoid, having the form of a flat-
tened sphere.

Divaricating, straggling, spreading.

Drupe, a fleshy fruit, enclosing a
nut.

Elliptical, pointed at both ends.
Emarginate, having a notch at the

point.
Ensiform, sword-shaped.
Entire, without marginal teeth or

incisions.
Ephemerous, short-lived.

Falcate, bent like a sickle.
Farinaceous, mealy.
Fascicled, standing in bundles.
Fastigiate, having a pyramidal

shape, from the branches being

parallel and erect.
Filiform, thread-like, slender.
Flexuous, waving, bent in a zig-zag

manner.
Follicle, a fruit, formed by a single

carpel, and opening by one

suture.
Frond, the leaflike development of

ferns bearing the fructification.

Geniculate, bent like a knee ; knee-
jointed.

Glabrous, smooth, bald.

Glandulous, hedixmg glands at the tip.

Glaucous, covered with a pale-green
bloom.

Globose, round, spherical.

Hispid, covered with long rigid
hairs.

Imbricated, sQ^&We parts covermg
or overlapping each other like
tiles.

Impari'phinate, unequally yoked .

pinnate-leaves ending in an

odd leaflet.
Incised, deeply cut down.
Internode, the portion of a stem

between two nodes or leaf-buds-
Involucre, bracts, surrounding a

head of flowers in a whorl.

Leaflet, the division in a compound

leaf.
Legume, a seed-pod with two valves,

the seeds of which are fixed on

one and the same suture, but

alternately upon the two valves.
Ligula, the ray-fiowers of a capitu-

lum in composites.
Linear, very narrow ; when the

length much exceeds the

breadth.
Limb, the broad part of a petal, or

a leafiet, forming part of the

calyx.
Lobed, divided into segments.

Membranaceotis, having the appear-
ance and structure of a mem-
brane.

Monoecious, when male and female
flowers are separated from each
other, but grow upon the same
individual plant.

Mucronate, abruptly terminating in
a hard sharp point.

' Nodulose, with a thickened knot.

Oblong (oval), elliptical, obtuse at

each end.
Obovate, reversely ovate.
Obtuse, blunt, not pointed.
Opposite, placed on opposite sides.
Orbicular, rounded, with the stalk

attached to the centre.
Ovate, egg-shaped, broadest at base,

narrowed upwards.

Palmated, 5-lobed, resembling a

hand.
Perfoliate, surrounding the stem at

51

Panicle, an iullorescence, where
subordinate stalks are again
divided.

Patent, spreading horizontally.

Peltate, shield-like, flattened and
expanded at top.

Pedicel, the stalk supporting a
single flower.

Pedimcle, the general flower-stalk.

Pendulous, hanging down.

Penni-nerved (leaf), whose ribs are
disposed like the parts of a
feather.

Perianth, a term used where the
calyx and corolla are combined,
partaking of the nature of both.

Pericarp, the covering of the fruit.

Peridium, the cover of the fruc-
tification m fungi.

Petals, flower-leaves ; leaves forming
the corrolline whorl.

Petiole, the leaf-stalk.

Pinna, a leaflet.

Pinnate (leaf), a compound leaf,
having leaflets arranged on
each side of the central rib.

Pvmatifid (leaf ), a simple leaf, cut
into lateral segments to about
the midrib.

Phmulce, the small pinnas of a bipin-
nate or tripinnate leaf.

Polygamous (plants), bearing her-
maphroditical, as well as dis-
tinct male and female flowers.

Procumbent, lying on the ground.

Pubescent, covered with short and
soft hair.

Quadrangular, four-sided, four-
angled.

Raceme, a cluster of flowers, where
from one common stalk un-
divided flower-stalks arise.

Receptacle, the expanded part of the
fruit-stalks, which bears the
parts of fructification.

Reflexed, bent backwards.

Reniform, kidney-shaped.

Rcpand, slightly waved at margin.

Reticulated, netted.

Rigid, stiff", inflexible, not easily

bent.
Rugose, wrinkled.
Rhomboid, oval, somewhat angular

in the middle.

Scabrid, rough, covered with short
stiff" hairs.

Scape, a leafless flower-stalk.

Scarious, dry, shrivelled.

Serrate, toothed, like the indenta-
tions of a saw.

Sessile, stalk less.

Setaceous, bristle like.

Simple, not divided.

Sinuated, the margin having obtuse
or blunt indentations.

Sorus, a cluster of sporangia,
organs of propagation in ferns.

Spadix, a fleshy spike, bearing
male and female flowers.

Spathe, a membranaceous bract,
surrounding the flowers.

Spatulate, shaped like a spattle.

Spike, an inflorescence, where stalk-
less flowers are arranged on a
common axis.

Stamen, the male organ of a flower,
formed by the f lament, or stalk,
and the anther.

Stellate, arranged like a star.

Stipe, the stalk of cryptogamic
plants.

Stipule, a leaf-like appendage,
situated at the base of real
leaves, or of leaf-stalks.

Striated, marked by streaks.

Sioloniferous, having creeping run-
ners, which root at the joints.

Style, the columnar or filiform
elongation of the pistil, which
supports the stigma, and pro-
ceeds upwards fronj the ovary.

Subulate, awl-shaped.

Succulent, fieshj.

Suffrulicose, having tlic cliaracter of
an undershrub.

52

Ternate, composed of three leaf-
lets.

Term'mal, on the summit.

Tomentose, covered with dense, en-
tangled, rigid, short hairs.

Trifid, divided into three seg-
ments.

Trifoliate, consisting of three leaf-
lets.

Truncate, lopped off; terminating
abruptly.

Tubular, cylindrical, fistular.

Tunicaied, covered by thin scales.

Turbinate, formed like a top.

Umbel, an inflorescence in which

numerous stalked flowers arise

from one point.
I'alves, the portions which separate

self-opening capsules.
J'erticillote, ranged in whorls.
Villose, shaggy, covered with long,

weak hairs,
Viscid, clammy.

Whorl, a kind of inflorescence, in
which the flowers are placed
around the stem or branch on
a common axis.

INDEX.

PAGE

Acacia GirafFae, Willd. . .. 11

„ horrida, Willd.. .. 11

Adianthvim fiethiopicum, Lin. 44

Aloe africana, Mill 41

„ ferox, Lam 40

„ plicatilis, Mill 41

Arctopixs echinatus, Lin, . . 19

Artemisia afra, Jacq 22

Asparagus laricinus, Burch. 40

Ballota africana, Benth. . . 32
Borbonia parviflora, Lam. . . 9
Biibon Galbanum, Lin. . . 18

Cassyta fililbrmis, Lin. . . 34

ChenopodiumambrosioidesjLin. 34

Cissampelos capensis, Lin. . . 2

Citrullus amarus, Scbrad. . . 14

„ CafFer, Schrad. . . 14

ClifFortia ilicifolia, Lin. . . 12

Cotula multifida, D. C. .. 22

Cotyledon orbiculata, Lin. .. 15

Crassula arborescens, Willd. 16

„ portulacacea, Willd. 15

„ tetragona, Lin. , . 15

Cyclopia genistoides, Vent. . . 9

Datura Stramonium, Lin. , . 30

Diosma crenata, Lin 7

„ serratifolia, Lodd. . . 8
Dodonasa Thunbergiana, E & Z 3

Elytropappus glandulosus, Less. 26
„ Ilhinocerotis, Less. 25

Erapleurum serrulatum, Sol. 8
Epilobium villosum, Thbg. . , 13
Eriocephalus umbellulatus, D.C. 23
Eriospermum latifolium, Jacq. 42
Euryops multifidus, D. C , . 27

Fagarastrum capense, Don.. 8

Fucoidea?. ,, „ . . 44

PAGE

Garuleum bipinnatum, Less. . 21

Gethyllis spiralis, Lin. . . . 39

Gomphocarpus crispus, R. Br. 29

Gunnera perpensa, Lin. . . 36

Haemanthus coccincus, Lin. 39

Helichrysum auriculatum. Less. 24

„ imbricatum. Less. 24

„ nudifolium, Less.. . 24

„ serpyllifolium. Less. 21

Homeria collina, Sweet. . . 37

Hyaenancbe globosa, Lamb... 35

Hydrocotyle asiatica, Lin. . . 17

„ Centella, Cham. 17

Hyraceum, 46

Idothea ciliaris, Kth 42

elata, Kth 42

Knovvltonia vesicatoria, Sims. 1

Lastrea athamantica, Moore. . 44

Leonotis Leonurus, R. Br. . . 33

„ ovata, R. Br. . . 33

Leontonyx augustifolius, D.C. 25

Leyssera gnaphaloides, Lin.. 26

Lobelia pinifolia, Lin. . . 28

Lyperia crocea, Eckl. .^ 31

Malva rotundifolia, Lin. . . 3

Matricaria glabrata, D. C. . . 20

Melianthus major, Lin. . . 6

Melilotus parviflora, Desf. .. 10

Mentha capensis, Thbg. . . 31
Mesembryanthemum acinaci-

forme, Lin. .. .. 16

„ crystallinum,Lin. . . 16

„ edule, Lin 16

„ tortuosuni, Lin. .. 17
Methyscophyllum glaucum,

E. and Z 9

Mobria tbnrifr;iga, Sw. . . 43

54

Monsonia ovata, Cav. . .
Mundtia spinosa, D. C.

PAGE

.. 4
.. 2

Ornithogalum altisimuin, Lin. 41

Osmites hirsuta, Less. .. 27

Osmitopsis asteriscoides, Cass. 26

Oxalis ceriiua, Lin G

Pappea capensis, E. andZ.. 3

Pelargonium anceps, Willd.. 5

„ antidysentericum, E. & Z. 4

„ cucullatum, Ait. .. 5

„ scutatuni, Sw 5

„ triste, Willd 4

Pharnaceum lineare, Thbg. . . 11

Pilogyne Ecklonii, Schr. , . 13

Piper capense, Lin 36

Podaxon carcinomatis, Fr. . . 45

Polygala serpentaria, E. & Z. 2

Punica granatum, Lin. . . 12

Protea melliflora, Thbg. . . 34

„ Lepidocarpon, R. Br. 3o

Ranunculus pubescens, Thbg. 1

Richardia africana, Kth. . . 43

Ricinuslividus, Jacq.*. . .. 35

Rubus pinnatus, Willd. . . 12

PAGE

Salvia africana, Lin.. .. 32

Sanseviera thyrsiflora, Thbg. . 40

Slum Thunbergii, D. C. . . 18

Solanum nigrum, Lin. . . 31

„ niveum, Thbg. .. 30

Stapelia pilifera, Lin. . . 29

Stobcea rubricaulis, D. C. . . 28

Suhria vittata, J. Ag.. .. 45

Sutherlandia frutescens, R.Br. 11

Tanacetura multiflorum, Thbg. 23
Tarchonanthus camphoratus,

Lin 22

Tetraphyle furcata, E. & Z.. 1^

Tulbaghia alliacea, Thbg. . . 41

. Valeriana capensis, Thbg, . . 20

Vascoa amplexicaulis, D. C. 10

perfoliata, D. C. .. 10

Viscum capense, Lin. f. . . 19

Wahlenbergia procumbens,

D. C. f. 28

Widdringtonia cupressoides,

Endl 37

Widdringtonia juniperoides,

Endl 36

= 0I.OM0N AND CO., STF,A.A! FRINTING !>FrK!:= rAPE TOWN

\

SYNOPSIS

FILICUM AFRICA AUSTHALIS:

OR,

AN ENUMERATION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN
FERNS HITHERTO KNOWN.

L. PAPPE, M.D.,

AND

THE HON. EAWSON W. KAWSON, ESQ.'

CAPE TOWN:
W. BRITTAIN, 44, ST. GEORGE'S-STREET

1858.

CAPE TOWN:

SAUL SOI-OMON AND CO., STEAM PKINTING OFFICE,

LONGMARKET-STREET.

INTRODUCTION

§ 1. The natural family of Ferns comprises cryptogamic,
mostly perennial, plants, the leaves or fronds of which are, in
the early stage of their growth, coiled up in a particular way,
so as to represent a scroll. Their fronds show a great variety
of form and texture, and generally bear on the veins of the
under surface, or along their edges, the organs of the
fructification.

§ 2. These consist of capsules or spore-cases (sporidia),
which burst in various ways, and are either continuous,
spread about irregularly, grouped together in heaps (sort),
or more rarely collected into spikes or racemes, formed by the
contraction of part of the frond.

§ 3. These capsules are one-celled, stalked or sessile, gene-
rally surrounded by an articulated elastic ring, and discharge,
when mature, the spores, or minute seeds, which they contain.
The sori or clusters of sporidia are, in a great many genera,
protected by a peculiar membrane, or scale, called the
indusium or involucre, which is deciduous or persistent,
derives its origin from the epidermis of the frond, and covers
the sori entirely or in part ; while in other cases, the borders
of the frond, being dilated and reflexed, perform the function
of that membrane.

§ 4. The Ferns arise from a subterraneous root-stock
(rhizome), which for the most part is creeping and of a
woody nature. Their stem, or that portion of the rhizome
which rises above ground (caudex), is almost ever upright and
simple, and but rarely climbing ( Stenochkena Meycriaiia), or
hvvLiiQ\iQ^{Gleicheniaceai). It is very short, and nearly wanting

B

IV

in some species^ yet becomes arborescent in others, and often
attains a considerable height ( Cyathea, Alsophila), This-
caudex, wiiich is hollow within, and not possessed of a fibrous
inner bark {liber^, is generally hard from without, and of a
glossy appearance. Both the root-stocks and the stems of
some of these plants contain peculiar resinous substances
which have anthelmintic properties, and serve as vermifuges,
{Lastrea athamantica, etc.,) — a fact, already known to the
ancients. — Theophr. Hist. Plantar, 18, 8.

§ 5. In the formation of the leaves, nature has displayed
her wondrous charms. These leaves are called fronds by
botanists, and are either stalked, or more rarely sessile, or
sometimes jointed to the caudex,or root-stock, by articulations.
They are persistent and evergreen within the tropics and
temperate zones, but deciduous in cold climates, in which
case the frond is yearly renewed. Then- texture is herba-
ceous, membranaceous, or leathery; their upper surface,
generally dark, smooth, glazed or shining ; the under side,
on the contrary, paler, very veiny, often clothed with short
hair, and furnished with minute breathing pores {stomaia).
In a few genera, only, both surfaces are nearly alike ( Vit-
taria, Hymenophyllece). The fronds are rarely simple and
entire, much oftener lobed, digitate, or pinnatifid, but mostly
pinnate or further divided. Their pinnce and pinnules, again,
are entire, notched, sawed, toothed, incised, or pinnatifid, and
frequently unequally shaped at their bases.

§ 6. The stipes, which in this family represents the leaf-
stalks of phanerogamous plants, is connected with the stem
or the rhizome by articulation. It is of different size : almost
wanting in some species, or of considerable length in others ;
mostly herbaceous, but sometimes woody, and covered by an
epidermis, which in the course of growth becomes brittle,
glossy, and of a dark-brown or blackish hue. The continu-
ation of the stipes through simple fronds goes by the name of
rib, or costa, while its further ramifications in pinnated
fronds are called rcichises.

§ 7. The root-stocks, stems, stalks, and rachises of Ferns
are often clothed, especially in their youth, with a peculiar
kind of deciduous, membranaceous, chaffy scales, which are
decidedly hygroscopical (absorbing water), scarlous, dispersed,
or imbricated, erect, twisted, filiform, lanceolate, oval, etc.,
and of a brown, black, or yellow colour. They are called
PalecB, differ in size, and their edges are either entire, sawed,
fringed, or irregularly torn.

§ 8. The process of fecundation in this family of plants has
been the speculative task of many naturalists. Some skilful
hypotheses have been advanced on the subject by eminent
authors, in order to establish sexuality amongst them ; but as
nature has mysteries of her own to hide from mortal view,
so these theories, however intelligent, are only to be looked
upon as ingenious suppositions. That young Ferns may be
reared from spores, or seeds, is sufficiently known, as well as
that some of them are propagated by leaf buds. {Aspleniiun
^emmiferu7n,)

§ 10. For the purpose of systematic classification, the
filical tribe has been divided into sub-orders, the chief charac-
ters of which are to be found in the construction, shape,
dehiscence, or position of the sporidia ; the presence or ab-
sence of an involucre, the form of the spores, the vernation,
etc. In Hymenopliylleoi (small Ferns with very delicate,
almost transparent, fronds, without stomata), the marginal
spore-cases are placed upon the top of an extended vein, and
covered with a cuplike involucre, formed by the lobes of the
frond ; while the capsules in Ophioglossece arc spiked on the
margin of a contracted leaf, possess no ring at all, and have
a straight vernation.

§ 11. If the graceful Fern trees of tropical or sub-tropical
climes approach CycadecB, and remind us of the majestic
growth of Palms, then the small order of LycopodiacecB or
club-mosses show, in the structure and shape of their leaves,
an affinity to the muscal alliance. These plants form indeed a
family of their own, but are commonly clas^^cd with Ferns as

VI

an intermediate group. They have creeping or erect stems ;
their leaves are small/sessile, whorled, or imbricated, and their
fructification, which is spiked or axillary, consists of bivalved
cases, containing minute powdery spores. Of this order,
but few representatives are known to inhabit South Africa.

§ 12. In most true Ferns, but especially in the dorsiferous
ones, the peculiar course, position, distribution, and rami-
fication of the nerves and veins, placed at the back of their
fronds, are highly important for the supply of superior generic
characters, being, as they are, closely connected with the
insertion of the organs of fructification. They, therefore,
are very valuable also in the arrangement of fossile Ferns,
which, as we learn from geology, abounded in great number
and variety during the carboniferous epoch of the earth, and
of which some hundred species, belonging to different genera,
have been described.

§ 13. Although Ferns exist in nearly all parts of the globe,
yet countries situated within or somewhat beyond the tropics,
eeem to be most genial to their growth and development.
They generally delight in warm, moist, shady localities, and
thrive best in woody, mountainous regions. In the western
districts of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope they are
proportionally rare for that reason, but increase in species
towards the east, and become frequent and distinct in the
dense woods, mountain ravines, and near the cascades of
Natal. The aboriginal forests of British Kaffraria, as yet
unexplored, undoubtedly conceal strange forms, quite new to
the scientific world.

§ 14. If we estimate (by moderate calculation) the entire
number of South African plants at about 12,000 species, out
of which one thousand, at least, are cryptogamic or cellular,
it then becomes apparent, that the Ferns are but poorly
represented in this great and imposing assemblage, forming
hardly one-sixtieth part of the whole Flora, and scarcely one-
fifth part of the plants of the lower classes, known to exist
in so wide and rich a tract of territory.

vu

§ 15. It is rather remarkable that, uj:) to this date, not one
single genus of Ferns has been discovered which could be
said to be exclusively peculiar to this country, while even
eighty-eight of the species described in this treatise, or about
the half of them only, could claim that privilege. The rest
of them are widely diflPused, for we find thirty-one out of the
number inhabiting the Mascarenhas (Mauritius and Reunion).
Fifteen are found in Europe ; fifteen grow in the West
Indies, eleven in New Holland, ten in North America, nine
in South America, eight in the Brazils, seven in the East
Indies, six in the barren island of Tristan d'Acunha, six in
the Canaries and Azores, five at Java, five in Central
America, five in the north of Asia, six in the Sandwich
Islands, three in North Africa, two in New Zealand and
Tasmania, two at Luzon, one in Amboyna, Singapore, Fer-
nando Po, China, and Japan. The rare Cyrfomium falcatum,
a native of the lastnamed country, has but recently been
found by Capt. Espinasse in the forests of British Kaffraria.

§ 16. Collectors of Ferns should not be satisfied with
gathering fertile specimens alone, but secure, in like manner,
sterile fronds and young shoots, which often greatly differ
from perfect plants in their general aspect. The root-stocks
and caudices also are of importance, and ought to be preserved.

§ 17. To persons who take an interest in the natural history of
South African Ferns, a short review of the principal works treat-
ing on that topic may be acceptable. Thunberg,* whose writ-
ings on the Flora of this country are invaluable, described only
thirteen genera and twenty -nine species of Ferns as indigenous.
At a later period. Professor de Schlechtendal, encouraged by
the examination of the valuable collections brought home by
several zealous botanical travellers, and deposited in the Royal
Herbarium of Berlin, issued a-work on South African Ferns.f

*Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, 2d volume. Upsalae, 1800, 8ro., and
Flora Capensis, ed. Schultes, Stuttg. 1823, 8vo.

t Adumbratio Filicum in Proraontorio Bona? Spci provenientium. Part 1-5,
Berl. 1825-26, 4to., with 24 engraved plates.

Here the author not only gives his own elaborate descriptions
of many new, rare, or little known species, but also inserts
Dr. Schrader's remarks on Cape Ferns, hitherto concealed
in a learned periodical,* little accessible to botanical students.
This important publication, which unhappily has been left
unfinished, contains the descriptions of twenty-three genera
and sixty-nine species. The latest monograph on the sub-
ject we owe to the pen of one of the ablest Pteridologists of
our time. The rich collections made in this country by
Ecklon and Zeyher, Drege, Gueinzius, and others, supplied
the late and much lamented Professor Kunze (of Leipzic)
with ample materials for his treatise on South African Ferns.
This appeared under the title of " Acotyledonearum Africaa
Australioris recensio nova. I. Filices, in the Linnsea f for 1836
and 1844, and contains thirty-three genera and one hundred
and eleven species, many of which were perfectly new. Some
of them are also figured in Kunze's continuation of Schkuhr. J
Since then, the number of South African Ferns has been on
the increase, a fact borne out by the contents of the following
pages.

* Goettinger gelelirte Anzeigen, 1818.

f Linnasa. Ein Journal fiir die Botauik in ihrem ganzen Umfange.
X G. Kunze, Die Farrnkraeuter in colorirten Abbildungen. Leipz. 184^
8q. 4to.

AN ENUMERATION

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN" FERNS.

SYNOPSIS OF SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA OF

FERNS.

The classification adopted in the following description ia
mainly that established by Professor Presl, in his admirable
'' Tentamen Pteridographiai/' published in 1836, and fol-
lowed by Sir Wm. Hooker, in his exquisitely illustrated
" Genera Filicum," published in 1842.

The latter author, in his subsequent, more detailed, work,
commenced in 1846, under the title of " Species Filicum,'*
has somewhat modified Presl's arrangement, and other later
authors have introduced more extensive changes ; but as none
of these have been generally accepted, and as Sir Wm.
Hooker's work on the species of Ferns is still incomplete, it
has been deemed preferable to adhere generally to the
classification of Presl.

This author excludes from the order of Ferns (Filices) the
group Hymenophylleffi of Endlicher, containing the two genera
of Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes, which Sir William
Hooker has restored, placing them between the tribes Dick-
soniacejE Pr., and Davalliaceai Pr. He also excludes the order
of Lycopodiacess, and others akin to, but not comprised in,
the order of " Filices." The same arrangement will be
adopted in the following synopsis.

Presl admitted two sub-orders, established by Bernhardi,
dependent upon the character of the elastic ring surrounding
the capsules (sporangia), viz., Helicogyrata;, having an eccen-
tric ring, and Cathetogyrata3, having a marginal ring seldom
complete. The former embraces only the first two tribes of
the order. The distinction cannot easily be detected without
a magnifying glass, and need not be attended to in a study of
the Ferns of South Africa.

ORDER FILICES.

SUB-ORDER, HELICOGYRAT^.
TRIBE 1.

GleicheniacecB. Kunze. Fronds creeping, spreading, gene
rally dichotoraous, pinnate, coriaceous, with gemmae in
axils. Pinnules small, linear. Involucre none. Sori glo-
bose, solitary or few.

Gen. 1. — Gleichenia. Swartz. >So/*2 immersed.

Gen. 2. — Mertensia. Willd. Sori superficial, on a raised
dotlike receptacle.

To this tribe belong the genera Platyzoma, Brown, and Caly-
mella, Presl, which are not, as far as is known, represented in
South Africa.

TRIBE 2.

Cyatheacece, Endlicher. Plant arborescent. Stem erect.
Involucre cup-shaped, inferior, or wanting.

Gen. 1. — Cyatliea. Smith. /Sorz on fork of veins, with an
involucre.

Gen. 2. — Alsophila. Br. (Hemitelia, Presl). Sori at base
of veins, with spurious involucre.

Schizocsena, I. Smith., Cnemidaria, Pr., Trichopteris, Pr., Me-
taxya,Pr.,andGymnosph3era, Blume., are not represented in South
Africa.

Sub-order Cathetogyrat^.

GROUP 1, having an involucre (true or spurious.)

TRIBE 1.

Peranemacece. Pr. Sori globose, pedunculate, or on
middle of superior veinlet. Involucre inferior, covering the
sori.

This tribe, containing Peranema, Don., Diacalpe Blume, Wood-
sia, Br., and Hypoderris, Br., is not represented in South Africa.

TRIBE 2.

AspidiacecB. Pr. Sori globose, on middle, seldom on apex,
of veins. Involucre superior, free, except at point of
insertion ; deciduous. Rhizome creeping, or sub-globose.

Sect. 1. — Nephrodiarice. Pr. Involucre kidney-shaped.

Gen. 1. — Lastna. Pr, Veins simple or forked.

Gen. 2. — Oleandra, Cavanilles. Veins numerous, close,
parallel ; root creeping.

Gen. 3. — Nephrodium, Schott. Lower veins arching.

Nephrolepis, Schott is not represented in South Africa.

Sect. 2. — Aspidiarice. Pr. Involucre round or elliptic;
entire.

Gen. 1. — Polysticlunn. Schott. <So?7* round ; vehis simple
or forked ; fronds coriaceous.

Gen. 2. — Cyrtommm. Pr. ^ori round; rem^ irregularly
reticulate.

Gen. 3. — DidymocldcBna. Desvaux. Sori elliptic; sub-
immersed.

Phanerophlebia., Pr., Cyclodium, Pr., Sagenia.,Pr., Fadyenia.,
Hooker., Mesochlsena., Br., Aspidimn., Schott, Pleocncmia., Pr.,
and Matonia., Br., are not represented in South Africa.

TRIBE 3.

AspleniacecB. Pr. Sori globose, oblong, or linear, on
back of veins. Involucre suborbiculate, or linear, lateral,
persistent, skinny ; free at margin opposite point of insertion.
Rhizome globose, seldom creeping.

Sect. 1. Cystopteridece, Pr. Sori globose. Involucre
suborbiculate, becoming reflex and wrinkled.

Gen. 1. — Cystopteris. Bernh. 'S'orz on middle ofveinlets.

Acrophorus, Pr., Leucostegia, Pr., and Onoclea., Linn., are not
represented in South Africa.

Sect. 2. Blechnacecs. Pr. Sori oblong, short, or linear
long. Involucre corresponding, flat.

Gen. 1. — Athyrium, Roth. Sori oblong, short, curved,
on middle of veins.

Gen. 2. — Blcclinum. L. Sori linear, contiguous or con-
fluent, on transverse veinlets uniting veins, parallel to rachis.

Woodwardia, Sw., Doodia, Br., and Salpichla3na, I. Sm., are
not represented in South Africa.

Sect, 3. Aspleniarice. Pr. Sori linear, long, in some
species (Cfcnopteris, Bernh., or Darea, Auct), marginal or
sunk in margin. Involucre corresponding, flat.

Gen. 1. — Asplenium, L. Sori linear, long. Involucre
lateral on vein,
c

Gen, 2. — Ceterach. Willd. The same, with underside
oi frond densely covered with scales.

Plenasium, Pr., Allantodia, Br., Neottopteris, I. Sm., and
Hemidictyum, Pr., are not represented in South Africa.

Sect. 4. DiplaziecE. Pr. Sori linear, long, the lowest
upper, and sometimes all, bilateral or double.

This tribe, containing Diplazium, Sw., Anisogonium, Pr., Di-
gramraaria, Pr., and Oxygonium, Pr., is not represented in S. Africa.

Sect. 5. ScolopendriecB. Pr. Sori linear, long, opposite,
on adjoining opposite veins. Involucre corresponding, flat,
open sides facing one another.

Gen. 1. — Scolopendrium. Sm. Veins close and parallel.

Antigramma, Pr., and Camptosorus, Link., are not represented
in South Africa.

TlllBE 4.

DavcdliacecE. Gaudichaud. Sori infra-marginal, globose or
linear, on ends of veins or velnlets. Receptacle dot-shaped,
club-shaped, or linear. Involucre lateral, semi-orbiculate,
oblong, or linear, persistent, skinny, free at upper margin.
Rhizome sub-globose, or creeping.

Sect. 1. DavalUecB. Pr. Sori globose or longitudinally
linear. Involucre semi-orbiculate or longitudinally linear.

Gen. 1. — Microlepia. Pr. Sori removed from margin.
Involucre truncated, covering half the sorus.

Gen. 2. — Davallia, Sm. Sori infra-marginal, on back of
teeth or sinus.

Saccoloma, Kaulf., Humata, Cav.» and Loxsoma., A. Cunning-
ham, are not represented in South Africa.

Sect. 2. LindsceacecB. Pr. Sori transversely linear, sub-
marginal, generally continuous. Involucre lateral, linear,
thin, membranaceous, free towards margin.

Gen. 1. — Lindscea. Dryander. Sori and involucre con-
tinuous, parallel to margin. Veins much forked.

Isoloma, I. Sm., Schizoloma, Gaudich., Synaphlebium, I. Sm.,
and Dictyoxyphium, Hook., are not represented in South Africa.

TRIBE 5.

DicksoniacecB. Pr. Sori globose, sub-marginal on end
of veins or veinlets. Receptacle globose. Involucre lateral,

persistent, bivalve ; the true one being the lower valve,
affixed laterally by semi-circular line, ^he accessory one
being like a cap, formed of teeth of frond, and covering
the sori.

This tribe, containing Balantium, Kaulf , Cystodiiun, I. 8ni.,
Culcita, Pr., Leptopleuria, Pr., Dicksonia, Pr., Patania, Pr.,
Cibotium, Kaulf., Thyrsopteris, Kze., and Deparia, Hooker, is not
represented in South Africa.

TRIBE 6.

AdiantacecB. Pr. Sori linear, or oblong, or oloboso ;
marginal, seldom sub-marginal ; fixed on underside of in-
volucre, springing from end of veins or veinlets. Recep-
tade linear or dot-shaped. Involucre formed of reflexed
margin, bearing the capsules, linear, oblong, semi-orbiculatc,
or semi-lunate.

Sect. 1. Adiantarm, Pr. Sori separate, but soon con-
fluent, covering the margin of the whole pinna), on edge
of teeth or segments.

Gen. 1. — Pteris. L. Sori linear, marginal, continuous.
Veins simple or forked. Involucre broad.

Gen. 2. — Lomaria. Willd. Fertile frond contracted ;
veins ditto ; sori sub-marofinal.

Gen, 3. — Campteria. Pr. Like Pteris^ but lower veins
anastomosing and arching at sinus.

Gen. 4. — Allosorus. Bernh. Sori roundish, separate, then
confluent and linear, hid by folded margin and involucre.

Gen. 0. — Cryptogrmnma. Br. Sori linear, on oblique
veins, hid by folded margin ; no involucre.

Gen. Q.—Adiantum. L. Sori marginal, globose, kidney-
shaped, oblong or linear ; distinct, or confluent, or continuous.
Involucre corresponding to sori, formed of reflexed margin of
underside of frond, and bearing the capsules beneath.

Gen. 7. — Cheilcuithes. Sw. Sori marginul, globose,
generally upon a lobe or tooth of the margin of frond, which
becomes reflexed, solitary, contiguous or confluent. Involucre
kidney-shaped or oblong.

Haplopteris, Pr., Litobrochia, Pr., Ampbiblestra, Pr., Corato-
dactylis, I. Sm., Onvchium, Kaulf, Jamcsonia, Hook, et Greville,
Hewardia, I. Sm., and Ochropteris, L Sin., are not represented ui
South Africa. Platyloma, I. Sm., is included in Allosorus, Bernh.,
and Cassebeera, Kaulf, in Cheilanthes, Sw.

6

Sect. 2. Lonchitidew. Pr. Sori globose or linear, occu-
pying sinus of teetli and segments. Involucre semi-lunate
or linear, marginal.

Gen. 1. — Hypolepis. Bernli. Sori punctiform, sub-globose.
Veins simple or forked.

Gen. 2. — Lonchitis. L. Sori linear, semi-lunate. Veins
anastomosinoc.

GROUP 2, having no involucre. Sori naked.

TKIBE 7.

Vittariacece. Pr. Sori sunk in margin, linear, or globose.
Rhizome creeping.

Gen. 1. — Vittaria. Sm. Sori linear. Frond simple,
linear.

Prosaptia, Pr., (a doubtful genus) is not represented in South
Africa.

TRIBE 8.

Polypodiacecs. Pr. Soin globose on apex or back of
veins in disc of frond; seldom confluent. Receptacle dot-
shaped. Rhizome creeping, seldom sub-globose.

Sect. 1. Strutliiopteridece. Pr. Fertile fronds contracted.

This tribe, containing only one genus, Struthiopteris, Willd., is
not represented in South Africa.

Sect. 2. PolypodiecB. Pr. Margin of frond uniform with
disc, flat. Fronds often simple or digitate.

Gen. 1. — Polypodium, Lin. Sori at end of simple or
forked veins, or on mid-veins or veinlets.

Gen. 2. — Goniopteris. Pr. iS'orz on mid-veins ; first four
opposite veins anastomosing in acute angled arch.

Gen. 3. — Marginaria. Bory. Sori 1-3 serial, at end of
primary, or secondary, veinlets, in hexagonal macula?.

Gen. 4= — Pleopeltis. Humboldt and Bonpland. Sori
large, serial, veinlets anastomosing, the middle maculae con-
taining two or three secondary veinlets, making an oblong-
macula, bearing sorus at the end. Pedicellated scales in
sorus.

Gen. 5. — Phymatodes. Pr. Veins anastomosing, secon-
dary veinlets clubbed. Sori at end of veinlets.

Gen. 6. — Niphoholas. Kaiilf, <SoW multi- serial, contguous,
€overing upper part of frond.

Stenosemia, Pr., Goniophlebium, Pr., Campyloneuruni, Pr.,
Dictyopteris, Br., Phlebodiiim, Br., Aglaomorplia, Schott., and
Dryostachyum, P. Sin., are not represented in South Afriea.

Sect. 3. — LecanopteridecE. Pr. Sori sub-globose, sub-
marginal in the teeth of the frond, extended into broad car-
tilaginous lobes, bearing the sori.

This tribe, containing only one genus, Lecanopteris, Bl., is not
represented in South Africa.

TRIBE 9.

Grammitacecp.. Pr. Sori linear long, seldom linear oblong,
short, on back of veins or veinlets. Receptacle linear. Rliizuine
creeping or sub-globose.

Sect. 1. — Grammitidece. Pr. Sori on back of simple
veins, or of upper veinlet, or of one secondary veinlet.

Gen. 1. — Grammitis. Sw. Sori small on mid-veins, or
upper veinlets.

Synamniia, Pr., Monogramme, Schkuhr., Stegnogrammc, Bl.,
Meniscium, Schreber., Microgramma, Pr., Loxogramme, Pr.,
Polytsenium, Desv., Antrophyura, Kaulf., Diblemma, I. Sm., and
Selliguea, Bory., are not represented in South Africa.

Sect. 2. — HemionitidecB. Pr. Sori confluent on all the
veinlets of branching veins, long, linear, narrow.

Gen. 1. — Gymnogramma. Desv. ^Son small and covering
frond.

Hemionitis, L., is not represented in South Africa.
tribe 10.

Tcenitidece, Pr. Sori linear, generally continuous, on
veins, veinlets, or parenchyma, or extending to the rib
on each side laterally, or on the mid disc of each side,
or on margin of frond. Rhizome sub-globose, or creeping.
Frond often simple.

Gen. 1. — Notholcena. Br. Sori linear, marginal, con-
tinuous ; sometimes with a narrow revolute margin.

Gen. 2. — Pteropsis. Desv. Sori linear, sub-marginal.
Receptacle elevated.

Pleurogramme, Pr., Jenkinsia, Hook., Ta'niopteris, Hook , T:l'-
nitis, Sw,, Lomagramma, I. Sm., and Drymoglossum, Pr.,are not
represented in South Africa.

TRIBE 11.

Acrostichacece. Pr. Sori superficial, covering the whole
of tlie underside of frond. Fertile frond generaWy contracted.
Rliizonie creeping or sub-globose.

Gen. 1. — StenoclilcEna. I. Sm. Fertile frond {iouiYiXQ,iQ(\f
with revolute margins.

Gen. 2. — Olferda. Raddi. Fertile frond contracted,
with flat margin. Veins of sterile frond parallel, close.

Gen. 3. — Acrostic hum. L. Fertile frond not contracted.
Veijis anastomosing regularly in long hexagons.

Polybotrya,Humb, and Bonp., Elaphoglossum, Schott., Aconiop-
teris, Pr , Campium, Pr., Platycerium, Desv., Paecilopteris, Pr.,
Gymnopteris, Bernh., and Pbotinopteris, I. Sm., ai-e not repre-
sented in South Africa.

TRIBE 12.

Hymenophyllecp.. Endlicher. Sori marginal, lateral or
terminal, at end of vein. Involucres monophyllous. Recep-
tacle elongated, columnar, or filiform. Capsidcs sessile,
covering more or less the receptacle. Caudi<x creeping,
filiform, slender.

This tribe, " chiefly founded upon the complete transverse ring
of the capsules, the very much elongated, columnar or filiform
receptacle, and the delicate texture of the frond,'' is placed by Sir
W. Hooker next to the genus Loxsoma, in his tribe Dicksoniacese.

Gen. 1. — Hijmenopliyllum. Sm. Rcceptach generally
included. Involucre bivalved, cup-shaped, or orbicular.

Gen. 2. — Trichomanes. Linn. Receptacle generally ex-
serted. Involucre tubular, sub-cylindrical, generally entire.

Order PARKERIACE^Ij]. Hook. Aquatic Ferns,
with spore cases very thin, surrounded by a broad, imperfect,
or obsolete ring.

This order, containing Ceratopteris, Brongniart , and Parkeria,
Hook., is not represented in South Africa.

Order SCHIZiEACEiE. Mart. Spore cases dorsal,
with a complete terminal contracted ring. Spores pyramidal
or conical.

Gen. 1. — Schizcea. Sm. Spore cases oval, sessile, yas-
cular, reticulate, placed on linear or pinnated appendages.

Involucre formed of refiexed margin. Fronds cixjspitose,
linear, simple or dichotomous.

Gen. 2.— Anemia. Sw. Spore cases tlic same, placed
on one-sided spikes, densely panicled, biserial. No involucre.
Fertile portion o^ frond dissimilar.

Gen. 3. — Mohria. Sw. Spore cases sub-globose, sessile,
reticulate, placed near concave margins ol" under side of
frond. Fertile frond partially contracted.

Actiriostachy>=, Wallicli., Lygodictyon, I. 8m., Lygodium, Sw.,
Aiiemidictyon, I. Sm,, and Trochopteris, Gardner , are not repre-
sented in .'South Africa.

Order OSMUND ACE^. Mart. Spore cases, dorsal
or panicled, stalked, with abroad dorsal incomplete ring.

Gen. L — Osmunda. Linn. ♦Sy^ore c«^(".9, heaped on lateral
or terminal pinna?, contracted.

Gen. 2. — Todea, Willd. Spore cases, heaped on veins,
upon under side of frond, thickly or thinly spread.

Order MARATTIACEiE. Kaulf. Spore cases, vf'iih-
out a ring, dorsal, combined in masses, and splitting by a
central cleft.

Gen. 1. — Marattia. Sw. Sori oblong, sessile on forked
veinlet, in single series^ near the margin. Involucre coriaceous,

Eupodium, I. Sm., Angiopteris, Hoffmann., Dantea, Sm., and
Kaulfussia, Bl., are not represented in South Africa,

Order OPHIOGLOSSE^. Br. Spore cases, ringless,
distinct, bivalved, formed on margin of a contracted leaf.

Gen. 1. — Ophioglossum. Linn. Spike undivided in two
rows.

Botrychium, Sw., and Helminthostachys Kaulf. arc not repre-
sented in South Africa.

Order LYCOPODIACE^. Sw. Spore cases axil-
lary, one to three-celled.

Gen. L — Lycopodium. Linn. Spore cases, 1 to 4-lobcd,
sessile ; often in spikes.

Gen. 2. — Psilotum. Sw. Spore cases, 3-lobcd, globose,
sessile, solitary, at base of minute leaves.

Tmesipteris, Bernh., is not represented in South x\frio.i.

10

SYNOPSIS OF SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF

FERNS.

I. OLEICHENIACEiE. Kze.

I. GLEICHENIA. SW. (2 SpCcIeS.)

1. Gleiclienia pnhjpodloides. Sw. Frond dlchotomouSy
much branched, proliferous ; branches pinnate, spreading ;;
pinnae pinnatifid ; segments ovate, more or less glaucous
beneath, smooth ; capsules 3-4, immersed on the underside
of the frond, forming flat-topped sori. Stipes and racliises
rather smooth. Caudex creeping. — Hook. Spec. Filic. vol,
1, p. 3, Schkuhr. Filic. t. 149.

Yar. glauca. Pinnae somewhat longer and closer ; fronds
more glaucous beneath.

Common on Table Mountain, and in many parts of the Colony y

and Natal. — v, v. & .§.*

2. Gleiclienia argentea. Kaulf. Fronds dichotomous,
branching ; branches pinnate, spread ; pinnce pinnatifid ;
segments wedge-shaped, very blunt, rounded at the apeXy
silvery beneath; rachises clothed in a thick woolly ferruginous
shag. Capsules about 4. Caudex creeping, surrounded
with stellate bristly scales. — Kaulf, Enum. Filic, p. 36.

In moist sliady places, amongst rocks on Table Mountain
(Cbamisso.), at (lenadendal (Rev. C. R. Kolbing), near the Van
JStaden's River, Uitenhage (Ecklon and Zeyher), v. s,

II. MERTENSIA. WILLD. (1 SpecicS.)

3. Mertensia umbraculifera. Kze. Fronds repeatedly
dichotomous, much branched, pinnatifid ; segments linear,
comb-shaped, blunt or slightly pointed, glabrous above, and
glaucous beneath ; ribs and rachises clad with ferruginous
woolly shag. /S^zpt^^ lono: erect, channelled naked; rhizome
horizontal, paleaceous. — Kze Linntea., vol. 18, p. 116.

In British KafFiaria, and on the grassy banks of the Omnaroti
River, Natal. — (Gueinzius.) v. s,

* V. V. and S. — Vidi vivaiti et siccam.

11

n. CYATHEACE.^. Endi.
III. CYATHEA. SMTH. (Arboresce7it) (2 Species.)

4. Cyathea DregeL Kze. Unarmed, fronds 2 pinnate,
coriaceous ; pinnules lanceolate, pointed/ deeply pinnatifid,
smooth above, paler below, and rufo-tomentose on and near
the rachis beneath; segments oblong-ovate, subfalcate, obtuse,
entire or serrated ; sori on the lower half of the segments
immersed in rufous wool : involucre hemispherical, breaking
irregularly; Stipes short, rough, scaly.— Hook. Spec. Filler,
vol. 1, p. 23., Tab. 10, fig. B., and Tab. 17, fig. A. Kunze
Linnasa, vol. 10, p. 551.

In forests near Bethel (KafFraria), and the Magalisberg
(Zeyher), in a rocky valley at the great cataract between Omzam-
woobo and Omzamcaba (Drege), near the Moore River. (Natal.
Plant.) 7). s,

5. Cyathea Burhei. Hook. Fronds 2-pinnatifid, mem-
branaceous ; pinnules lanceolate, bluntly acuminate, 2-pinna-
tifid ; rachis partially woolly, smooth above ; segments
oblong-ovate, obtuse, entire, the costa hairy at the base. Sori
few, often solitary ; involucre globose, with an irregular
opening at the top. Stipes tubercled with small prickles, and
at its base, and that of the main rachis, clothed with glossy
brown, chaffy scales. — Hooker Spec. Filic, voL 1, p. 23,
Tab. 17, B.

In forests at MagaHsberg. (Zeyher.) v. s.

IV. Alsophila. r. BR. ( Arborescent ) (1 Species).

6. Alsophila Capensis, J. Smth.* Unarmed ; fronds 3-
pinnate ; piiince lanceolate-acuminate, membranaceous, deeply
pinnatifid ; segments narrow-oblong, acute falcate serrated
(rachis and costa, with small deciduous scales), veins simple,
or rarely forked. Soi'i cylindrical, generally solitary at tho
bases of the lowest veins, on the upper half of the segment. —

* Very curious leaflike appendages issue luxuriantly from the base of the
stipes in this species. They are flaccid 3-pinnate abortive J ronds six or eight
inches in length. Their pellucid membranaceous pimi(e are dichotomously
branched, and their narrow, linear acute lobes, forked, or irregularly split.
Their appearance is that of a parasitical Trichomanes in its barren state; and
they were described erroneously as Trichomanes incisum, by Thunberg
and as T. cormophilura, by Kaulfuss.
D

12

Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 36. Hemitelia Capensis. li. Br.
Amphocosmia riparia, Gardner. London Journal of Botany,
vol. 1, p. 441, Tab. 12.

Common in the woody ravines and forests of South Africa. —
V. V. and s.

III. ASPIDIACE^. Presl.

Y. LASTREA. PRSL. (7 Specics.)

7. Lastrea Thelypteris. Prsl. Fronds pinnate ; pinnm
pinnatifid, linear-lanceolate smooth; segments ovate, acute,
nearly entire, the fertile-ones revolute. Sori marginal, con-
tiguous, at length confluent. Stipes, with or without scales,
downy at the apex. Caudex creeping. Aspidium Thelypteris.
Sw. Schlecht. Adumbr. Filic. Capens, p. 23, Tab. 11.

In moist localities, near rivulets, in the Cape flats, on Devil's
Mountain, near the Paarl, Swellendam, Tulbagh, Uitenhage, &c.,
also at Natal. — (v. v. and s.)

8. Lastrea patens, Presl. i^roy/fZ^ pinnate; jozwz^pinnati-
fid ; segments subfalcate-lanceolate, acute, the lower ones of
the inferior pinnce pinnatifido-incised. ISori small, round, in
a double line ; upper portion of the stipes, costa, and rachises
downy. — Aspidium patens. Sw. Schlecht, 1. c, p. 22. Hook.
Genera Filic, t. 45 a.

In shady localities, at the foot of Table Mountain (Kirstenbosch),
and in the forests of Stellenboseh, George, Uitenhage, British
Kaffi-aria, and Natal. — v. s»

* 9. Lastrea Catoptera. Nob. Fronds 2-pinnatifid ; pinnce
stalked, distant, erect, oblong-lanceolate sharp-pointed ; pin-
nules oblong, the lower ones blunt, deeply pinnatifid ; seg-
ments ovato-oblong, subfalcate, obtuse sinuato-subdentate,
downy on both sides ; the basal-one triangular, wedge-shaped,
decurrent. Sori sub-marginal ; rachis and stipes downy.
Aspidium catopteron. Kze. Linnsea., vol. 10, p. 550.

In the forests between Omzamcaba and Omzamwoobo, also at
Koratra, Natal. (Drege. Giieinzius.) v. s.

10. Lastrea incBqicalis. Presl. Fronds 2-pinnate, smooth ;
pinnce confluent and pinnatifid at the apex, bipinnatifid at the
base ; pinnules oval, obtuse, obliquely cuneate, inciso-dentate

13

and pHinatifid. Son solitary, distant. Stipes and rachis
somewhat scaly; rhizome thick, creeping. Aspidium iiKEquaJe,
Schlecht. 1. c, p. 23, Tab. 12.

Moist and shady spots on Devil's Mount; at Hottentot's Holland,
Swellendam (Voormansbosch), British Kaifraria, Natal, &c. —
V. V. and s.

11. Lastrea spinulosa. Prcsl. Fronds 2-pinnate, erect,
oblong-lanceolate ; pinnoi elongated, oblique, opposite ; -pin-
nules oblong, acute, decurrent, inciso-serrate or pinnatifid,
with sharp-toothed lobes. Sori round in a double row.
Stipes slightly scaly. — Aspidium spinulosum. Sw. Schkuhr.
Filic. T. 48.

In shady rocky localities in the Du Toit's Kloof, Swellendam
(Drege.)

12. Lastrea pentagona. Moore. Fro/^/.v 2-pinnate coria-
ceous, smooth, ovato-pentagonal; pinnce acuminate, the lower
pairs triangular, unequal-sided ; the inferior pinnules of the
lowest pinna3 longest, pinnate with distant oblong-obtuse,
duplicato-serrate decurrent secondary pinnules, with mucro-
nate teeth ; the superior pinnitles and those of the upper part
of the frond pinnatifid, with oblong mucronato-serrate lobes.
Sori distinct, forming two lines near the mid-vein on the
pinnules ; stipes and rachises scaly. — Moore, p. 227. in Ilook,
Journ. of Botan., and K. Gr. Miscellany, vol 5., p. 227.

In ravines and moist places near the Umvoti, Natal (Plant.)

* 13. Lastrea athamantica. Nob. Fronds 3-pinnate coria-
ceous, lanceolate, smooth, jnnniB ^stalked, oblong, acuminate.
Primary pinnules sessile, ovato-oblong cuneate, at base
decurrent ; secondary falcate, blunt, veiny. Sori round,
solitary. Stipes short, erect, flexuose, covered at base with
long linear deciduous scales. Aspidium athamanticum. Kze.
Linnjea, vol. 18, p. 123. Lastrea Plantii Moore in Hook.
Journ. of Botan., etc., vol. 5, p. 226.

On grassy hills and in boggy localities at Natal (Giieinzius), and
in deserted holes of the jackal near Moore River, Natal (Gueinzius,
Plant.) V. s.

The natives, who call this fern Umhomo-Komo use its root-
stock as a vermifuge, especially for the cure of the tape-worm.

VI. OLEANDUA. CAV. (1 SpecicS.)
14. Oleandra articulata. Prcsl. Fronds simi)lc, entire,
lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous ; Sori round; scattered.

14

Stipes short, nodose, articulated ; rhizome horizontally
creeping, climbing, clothed with numerous awl-shaped
imbricated scales, which have a black spot at their bases.
Aspidium articulatnm. Sw. Kunze Linn^ea, vol. 18, p. 123.

Climbing rocks in woody ravines in the Magalisberg (Zeyher),
and in similar localities at Natal. (Gueinzius) v, s,

VII. NEPHRODIUM. SCHOTT. (2 SpCcicS.)

* 15. Nephrodium Ecklonianum. Nob. Frond pinnate,
lanceolate, coriaceous ; the loioer pinnce distant, almost oppo-
site, the upper ones alternate, approximate; all shortly stalked,
lanceolate, sharp-pointed, inciso-pinnatifid, bearing small
scattered resinous dots on the under surface ; segments ovate,
subfalcate, rounded ; costce slightly scaly beneath, channelled
above, and as well as the angular rachis downy. Sori nearly
marginal, continuous ; involucre smooth. Stipes long, smooth ;
root-stock covered with brown scales. Aspidium Ecklonii.
Kze. Linnasa, vol. 10, p. 546.

Around the hot springs at Brand valley (Worcester), at the Zwart-
kops River (Uitenhage), Van Staden's River, the Knysna, &o.,
also at Natal. (Plant) v. s,

* 16. Nephrodium Plantianum. Nob. (New Species.)
Frond pinnate, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous ; pinncs shortly
stalked, alternate, approximate, erect patent, lance-shaped,
pinnatifid, smooth ; segments ovate, obtuse, notched ; stipes
and rachis angular, naked.

In the dense forests of Natal. (Plant No. 341) v. s.
VIII. POLYSTICHU3I. SCHOTT, (4 SpeclcS.)

17. Polystichum pungens. Presl. Frond 2-pinnate ;
pinnules oblong-ovate, obliquely cuneate, auricled, subfalcate,
acute, doubly inciso-dentate, teeth mucronate. Sori irregu-
larly scattered. Stipes 2iVL^rachises^Q,2Xy, Aspidium pungens,
Kaulf. Schlecht, 1. c, p. 21, Tab. 10.

Common in shady moist places throughout the Colony, v, v.
and s,

* 18. Pohjstichum luctuosum. Nob. Frond 2-pinnate.
lance-shaped, coriaceous, smooth ; pinncB alternate, stalked,
patent, erect, lanceolate acute, pinnate, pinnatifid at the apex ;
pinnules ovate-trapeziform subfalcate, aristato-serrate, muc-
ronate, eared at base. Sori small ; stipes and rachises clothed

15

with blackish scales. Aspidium luctaosum. Kze., vol. 10, p.
548.

In a mountain kloof at Bedford (Dr. Atlierstone) on the wood-
clad mountains near Philipstown, Kat River (Bartels, tckion, and
Zeyher), in the forests of British Kaffraria. (Captain Espinasse) v. s,

19. Polystichum angulare, Presl. Frond 2-3-pinnate,
rigid, coriaceous, acuminate, glossy above, paler beneath ;
pinncB alternate, distant, stalked, spreading, linear-lanceolate,
acute, pinnate, pinnatifid at the apex, perfectly smooth ;
pinnules alternate oblong-lanceolate deeply incised, sharp-
pointed, cuneate at the base, the lowermost lobe or sen-ment
3-4 toothed, largest, eared. Sori small, solitary in the axils
of the indentations. Rachises and the angular-furrowed stipes
fringed sparingly with short scales. Aspidium angulare,
Kitaibl.

In swamps near the Natal coast. (Gueinzius. Plant.) v. s,

20. Polystichum coriaceum. Schott. Fronds 3-pinnate,
coriaceous ; pinnules ovate, wedge-shaped at the base, bluntly
serrate, smooth ; lower-ones pinnatifid, upper ones confluent.
Sari solitary, placed near the bases of the serratures. Stipes
and margined rachises glabrous ; rhizome thick, horizontally
creeping, clothed with broad ferruginous scales. Aspidium
coriaceum, Sw. Schkuhr, Filic, Tab. 50.

Common in moist woody localities all over the Colony, as well
as in the forests of Kaffraria and Natal. — v. v. and s,

IX. CYRTOMIUM. PRESL. (1 Specics.)

21. Cyrtomium falcatum. Presl. Frowc?5 pinnate, smooth
coriaceous ; pinncB shortly stalked, alternate, broad ovate,
rounded at the base, falcate, acuminate, distant, blunt,
repando-crenate or serrate, the terminal one tri-lobed.
Sori globose, copious, scattered. Stipes scaly. Aspidium

falcatum. Sw.

In the aboriginal forests of British Kaffraria. (Captain Espi-
nasse, 1856.) V. s.

X. DIDYMOCHL^NA. DESV. (I SpCcics.)

22. Didymochlcena dimidiata. Kze. Frond 2-pinnate,
coriaceous ; pinnce approximate stalked, oblong-lanceolate,
patent, erect ; pinnules dimidiate obliquely ovate ; the supe-
rior margin sinuato-crenate, revolute, soriferous ; the inferior
one entire, here and there bristly along the costa. Stipes and

16

rachises, fringed with ferruginous scales. — Linniea, vol. 18,
p. 122, Kunze Supplem. to Schkuhr's, Filic, T.84.

In moist shady ravines near the great cataract between the
Omfondi and Togela Rivers, Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s.

IV. ASPLENIACE^. Presl.

XI. CYSTOPTERIS. BERNH. (1 Specics.)

23. Cystopteris fragilis. Bernh. Fronds lanceolate
2--pinnate, slender, smooth. PinncE ovate or lanceolate,
toothed, lobed or iDinnatificL Segments more or less acute,
entire or much dentate. Sori scattered, often crowded and
almost confluent. Rachis winged. Stipes glabrous, scaly at
base. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 197. Aspidium fragile.
Sw. Schkuhr. Icon. Filic. tables 54, 5Q.

In a mountain kloof near Bedford (Dr. Atherstone) and in
shady places on the Kat River mountains. (Ecklon.) v. s.

XII. ATHYRIUM. ROTH. (1 Specics.)

*24. Athyrium laxum. Nob. (N. sp.) Fronds 2-pin-
nate, flaccid, membranaceous. Pinnce alternate remote,
ovate-lanceolate acuminate, smooth. Pinnules ovate-oblong,
pinnatifid ; their segments incised, serrate, acute. Sori round.
RacJdses flexuose, somewhat margined. Stipes long, chafl^y
only at the base.

In woods and shady places at Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s.

XIII. BLECHNUM. LIN. (2 Species.)

25. Blechnum radiatum. Presl. Fronds much divided,
radiating, stiff". Segments linear, erect, dichotomous, toothed
at the apex, perfectly smooth. Stipntes clustered, much
longer than the fronds. Rhizome short, scaly at the base,
roots fibrous. Adiantum radiatum. Koenig. Acropteris
radiata. Link.

On rocks at the Magalisberg (Zeyher), and in Griqualand.
(Mr. Robt Moffatt.) v. s.

* 26. Blechnum Atherstoni. Nob. (N. sp.) Frond pin-
nate, coriaceous. Pinnce alternate, rigid, sessile, sub-auriculate
cordate, linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly waved at the margins.

17

Loioer p'uuKB remote. Stipes and glabrous rachis destitute ol'
scales.

This species much resembles and stands close to Blcchnum
cartilagineum. Sw.

On the southwest of Graham's Town, near the blockhouse. (Dr.
Atherstone, 1856.) v. s.

XIV. ASPLENIUM. LiN. (29 Specics.)

27. Asplenium (jemmifcrum. Schrad. Fronds pinnate,
smooth, membranaceous, often gemmiferous towards the
apex. PinncB alternate stalked, lanceolate ovate, elongated,
acute, crenate or sub-serrate, obliquely cuneatc and decurrent
at base. So?'i oblong distant. Stip^js channelled above and
scaly below. Caudex paleaceous. Roots densely clothed
with ferruginous shag. Asplenium lacidum, Schlecht.
(not Forster), Adumbr., p. 25, table 14, f. 1.

In the dense forests of the Knysna, Tsitzikamma, and near the
great cataract of the Omzamcaba River (Natal ) v* s.

28. Asplenium Pj'ionites, Kze. Fronds pinnate, ovate,
oblong, coriaceous. Pinnce alternate, stalked, patent, lance-
olate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, sharply and unequally
toothed, glabrous; the lowermost shorter, smaller, almost
auricled. Sori oblong, cushioned, often irregular. Stipes
angular, rachis winged at the apex, and both of them scaly.
Rhizome creeping. Linngea, vol. 10, p. 511.

In Blockhouse-kloof, near Graham's Town (Dr. Atherstone),
and in the forests of Natal. (Drege, Gueinzius.) v. s.

* 29. Asplenium discolor. Nob. (N. sp.) -Fro7z^5 pinnate
lanceolate, elongated, acuminate, membranaceous smooth,
sometimes gemmiferous. PinncB alternate, remote, stalked,
patent, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, acute, sub-pinnatifid,
dark green above, paler beneath, cuneate at base. Segments
confluent at the apex, wedge-shaped, obtuse, 2-crenate re-
curved, the lowermost remote, decurrent, almost auricled.
Sori linear-oblong. The channelled stipes and flexuose mar-
ginate rachises sparingly scaly. Asplenium lucidam. Schlecht.,
var. b. Adumbr., table 14, f. b.

In the forests of the Knysna (Miss Dalgairns), Albany (Dr.
Atherstone), and in the mountain-woods near Philipstown, Kat
River. (Ecklon and Zeyher.) v. s.

^8

'60. AspJenium aimophyllum. Kze. Fronds pinnate, linear*
lanceolate, membranaceous. Pinnos, nearly opposite, smaller
at both ends, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, bluntly serrate and
incised, upwardly truncate with an unequal base, wedge-
shaped below, decurrent. Bori elliptical, scattered, htipes and
winged rachis scaly. Linnsea., vol. 10, p. 511.

In shady mountains near the fountains of the Kat River (Ecklon
and Zeyher), in British Kaffraria (Capt. Espinasse), and near the
great cataract between the Omzamwoobo and Omzamcaba Rivers,
Natal. (Drege.) t^. s.

31. Asplenium brachyotus, Kze. Fronds pinnate, lan-
ceolate, acuminate, membranaceous. Pinnce stalked lanceolate,
more or less falcate, blunt, irregularly and obtusely 2-serrate,
sub-auricled and truncate at the base. Sori oblong. The
slender stipes, as well as the rachises, downy. Rhizome naked.
Linnsea., voL 10, p. 512.

Found in the same localities with the former. (Drege, Guein-
zius.) V. s,

32. Asplenium protensum, Schrad. Fronds pinnate, erect,
coriaceous. Pinnce alternate, distant, patent, linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, pinnatifid, unequally cuneate at base. Segments
remote, oblong, obtuse, 2-3-toothed ; the lowermost broadest,
incised, nearly auricled. Sori numerous, oblong, at length
confluent. Stipes and the under side of the fronds downy.
Schlecht., Adumb., p. 20, tab. 16.

Near rivulets in the forests of the Knysna and the Doekamma ;
near Graham's Town (Dr. Atherstone) ; also at Natal, v. s.

33. Asplenium erectum, Bory. Fronds pinnate, membrana-
ceous. Pinnce shortly stalked, lanceolate, sub-falcate, acu-
minate, bluntly serrate. Upper pinnce cuneate with an unequal
base, and auricled on the upper edge ; lowermost remote, eared
at both ends. Sori solitary, placed close to the costa Stipes
margined, glossy, smooth. Schlecht., Adumbr., p. 28, tab. 15 .

Common in moist, shady, rocky localities throughout the whole
colony. V. v. and s.

* 34 Asplenium Zeyheri, Nob. (N. sp.) Fronds ^ivm^iie,
membranaceous smooth. Pinnce shortly petioled, alternate,
sub- falcate, oblong-ovate, bluntly incised, cuneate at the base.
Segments obtusely crenate ; the lowermost remote, erect,
ob-ovate, cuneate, rounded, notched, auricled. Sori elliptical,
irregular, distant. Rachis and channelled stipes not margined.

19

glabrous. Asplenium polymorphum, Eckl. and Zeyli. Herb.
(Asplenii erecti var. Kze, Linna3a, vol. 10, p. 513, in note.)

Amongst rocks, and in shady ravines, Uitenhage (Dr. Rubidge),
near Philipstown, Kat River. (Eckl. and Zeyli.) v. s.

35. Asplenium lumtlatum. S\v. Fronds pinnate, slender,
curved. Pinn(B alternate, sub-sessile, patent, oblong-ovate,
more or less falcate, blunt, notched, confluent at the apex,
truncate and aurlcled at the base. Sori oblong, numerous.
Stipes and rachises margined. Kze. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 514.

In the woods near Uitenhage (Eckl. and Zeyh.) j also at Kat
River and Natal. (Drege.) v. s,

36. Aspleniitm monanthemum. Smth. Fronds pinnate,
linear lanceolate, erect, smooth. Pinnce oblong-trapeziform,
sessile, blunt, truncate at the lower base ; apex and upper
margin crenate-serrate. Sori generally solitary, linear, sub-
marginal. Stipes almost quadrangular, and, as well as the
rachis black, polished. Rhizome tufted. J. E. Smith, Plant.
Icon, inedit., tab. 73.

Common in shady places in many parts of the colony, v, v.and s,

37. Asplenium ebeneum. Ait. i^?'o?26^5 pinnate, smooth, linear
lanceolate. Pinnm sessile, oblong, obtuse ; upper ones auricled,
bluntly crenate at the margin ; lower pinnce, cordate, hastate.
Sori oblong, approximate. Stipes and rachis smooth, ebenous,
glossy. Rhizome creeping. Roots fibrous.

In the forests of the Krakakamma, Uitenhage. (Eckl. and
Zeyh.) V. s.

38. Asplenium Trichomanes. Lin. Fronds pinnate, slen-
der, smooth. Pinnce irregularly oblong-ovate, crenate,
truncate and cuneate at the base, and obtuse at the apex.
Sori linear, at length confluent, and placed in a single row on
each side of the costa. Stipes and rachis purplish-black,
glossy. Schkuhr., Filic, t. 74.

In rocky, shady places in the Du Toit's Kloof, Swellendam
(Drege); near Bedford (Dr. Atherstone); in the Winterberg,
Kaffraria. (Eckl, and Zeyher.) c. s,

39. Asplenium dentatum. Lin. Fronds pinnate, glabrous ;
pinnce obovate-oblong, blunt, unequally cuneate and attenuate
at base ; irregularly and obsoletely toothed on the margins.
Willd. Spec. Plant, vol. 5, p. 324.

Among rocks on the mountains of the Bosjesmansrand, Natal.
(Dr. F. Krauss.)

20

40. Asple?i{um prcBmorsum. Sw. Fronds 2-piniiate, sub«
coriaceous ; pinnce pinnate, stalked, patent ; pinnules alternate,
oblong-cuneate, truncate, the extreme-one elongated, trifid,
the lowermost erect, lobed, auricled, all of them inciso-serrate,
striated. Sori linear ; rachises flexuose, not margined ; stipes
channelled purple, fringed here and there with short downy-
scales. Cttw^ecT creeping, paleaceous; roo^s fibrous. Schkuhr.
Filic, t. 29, fig. 1.

In the forests of the Tzitsikamma, Uitenhage. (Dr. Krauss)
at Natal. (Gueinzius) v. s.

41. Asplenium ruta muraria. Lin. Frond 2-pinnate
at the lower, singly pinnate at the upper portion ; pinnce
stalked, opposite or alternate, remote; pinnules rhomboid-
oblong, cuneate at base, blunt, striated ; crenate and inciso-
lobate. Sori confluent. Stipites aggregate, flaccid, flexuose,
perfectly smooth. Roots filiform, clothed with ferruginous
shag. Willd. Enum. Plant, vol. 5, p. 341. Schkuhr's Filic.
tab. 80. b.

On the top of Muizenberg mountain, in crevices of rocks
(Hon'ble R. W. Rawson, March, 1857.) v. v. and s.

42. A splenium furcatiim. Thbg. Fronds 2-Y^mi?iiQ \, pinnm
lanceolate attenuated at the apex ; pinnules distant, cuneate-
lanceolate 3-fid and pinnatifid; segments inciso-serrate.
Sori linear, confluent. Stipes and rachis clothed below with
scaly down. Caudex thickly paleaceous ; rhizome creeping.

Very variable in its forms, some of which have been described
as distinct species.

In woods and shady localities ', very common within the Colony
and Natal, v, v. and s.

43. Asplenium fimhriatum. Kze. Fronds sub-2-pinnate,
membranaceous, oblong, smooth ; pinncR distant, stalked,
ovate-rhomboidal ; pinnules obovate-cuneate, with a cartila-
ginous edge, and elevated veins on the upper surface, incised
and lobed at the apex ; segments curved, apiculate ; involucres
membranaceous ; sori confluent ; rachises and short stipes
purplish ; rhizome tufted, paleaceous. Kunze. Linnsea., vol.
18, p. 117.

On rocks in the woods between the Ornfondi and Togela Rivers,
Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s.

44. Asplenium cuneatum. Lam. Fronds 2-pinnate, mem-
branaceous, smooth ; pinnce stalked, pinnate, alternate ; pin-

21

wwZ.^5 obovate-cuneate, blunt, unequally inciso-serrate, striate
auriolecl at base ; rachis margined at its upper extremity'
Sori linear, often confluent. A\^illcl. Spec. Plant, vol. 5, p."

In Blockhouse Kloof, near Graham's Town (Dr. Atherstone
also Ecklon and Zeyher). In the forests of Natal (Plant.),'
Kaffraria (Capt. Espinasse.) vs.

45. Asplenium solidum. Kze. Fronds sub-2-pinnatilid,
lanceolate coriaceous, smooth, glossy; pinme lanceolate-ovate'
attenuated ; pianules and segments wedge-shaped, incised'
armed with pungent teeth. Sori convex scattered. The
margined rachis and furrowed stipes glabrous. Caudex
creeping, scaly. Kze. Linntea, vol. 10, p. 520.

In the vicinity of Algoa Bay (Forbes), on mountains near Ruig-
tevalley, amongst shrubs (Drege); near Alice, (Mr. Stewart) v. s.

46. Asplenium splendens. Kze. Fronds 2-pinnate, ovate,
acuminated; /j/^zTz^e lanceolate, sharp-pointed, alternate remote,
stalked ; lower i/mmdes ovate-rhomboidal, cuneate at base,
crenato dentate, more or less lobed and rounded at the apex ;
terminal-one elongated incised ; all of them veiny, smooth
and glossy above, clothed here and there with blackish scales
at the underside. Sori irregular, linear ; base of the stipes,
and the rachis paleaceous. Caudex creeping. Linna3a, vol.
10, p. 516.

In the woods of the Krakakamma and Kat River. (Ecklon
and Zeyher) at Natal. (Plant.) v. s.

47. Asplenium Adiantum nigrum. Lin. Fronds 2-3-
pinnate coriaceous, glossy; u\)])Qy pinnce pinnatifid, uppermost
confluent, lower ones 2-pinnatifid ; segments obliquely
cuneate, acutely toothed. Sori linear elongate, at length
confluent. Stipes purple, ebenous. Caudex thick, tufted.
Schlecht. Adumb. p. 31, Tab. 17. A. argutum Bory.

On walls, amongst rocks, &c., in many parts of the Colony. —
V. V. and s.

48. Asplenium aspidioides. Schlecht. Fronds 2-3-pinnate
smooth ; pinnce stalked, patent, lanceolate ; pinnules ovate
lanceolate, pointed, wedge-shaped and pinnatifid at the base ;
segments more or less 2-deutatc. Sori solitary, oblong ;

22

rachises and the angular, striped stipes scaly. Schlecht,
Adumbr., p. 24, t. 13.

Within the Colony, at places unknown. (Bergius. Mundt.)
and in a swampy forest near Port Natah (Gueinzius.)

* 49. Asplenium lohatum. Nob., n. sp. Fronds 2-pinnate,
membranaceous ; pinnce alternate, shortly stalked, ovate-
oblong, obtuse ; pinnules obovate-cuneate, inciso-crenate, the
basal-one broader, remote, 3-lobed. Sort oblong-ovate, con-
fluent; partial rachises margined, smooth ; stipes slightly scaly.

In woods of British Kaifraria (Captain Espinasse), Albany
(Mr. Hutton and Dr. Atherstone), in the Tzitsikamma (Dr.
Rubidge.) v. s.

* 50. Asplenium gracile, Nob. n. sp. Fronds 2-pinnate,
membranaceous, smooth ; pinncB alternate, stalked, patent,
ovate-oblong, rounded at the apex; pinnules obovate-cuneate
decurrent, bluntly incised, upper-ones confluent, lowermost
broader, auricled, stalked. Sori solitary, remote, irregular,
elliptical. The channelled stipes and flexuose winged rachises
perfectly naked

In the primaeval forests of Natal. (Gueinzius.) v, s,

51. Asplenium Dregeanum, Kze. Fronds pinnate linear-
lanceolate, acute, membranaceous, smooth ; pinnce alternate
short-stalked, obliquely sub-ovate blunt, those of the apex
smaller, cuneate-obovate ; all of them truncate and more or
less auricled at the upper, quite entire at the lower base ;
inciso-pinnatifid at top and the upper margin ; segments
oblong, rounded, incised, the lowermost wedge-shaped, 2-3-
fid. Sori solitary ; stipes short ; rachis partly flexuose, sub-
margined, scaly. Caudex creeping. Kze. Linn^ea, vol. 10,
p. 517. Suppl. to Schkuhr, Tab. 27.

In a shady valley on a cataract near the Omzamcaba River,
Natal. (Drege) v. s.

52. Asplenium Thunhergii, Kze. Fronds pinnate, linear
lanceolate acuminated, membranaceous ; pinnce alternate,
ovate-oblong, deeply pinnatifid, erect, somewhat curved,
\)\\xTit', segments oblong-cuneate, entire; lower ones 2-fid;
lowermost broad lobed. Sori solitary, linear-oblong, sub-
marginal ; stipes short, channelled ; rachis margined. Kze.
Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 517. Ccenopteris auriculata Thbg.
Darea auriculata "Willd.

In forests at Natal, (Gueinzius.) v. s.

23

53. Asplenium Odontites, K. Br. Frond pinnate ; pinn(B
alternate, lanceolate, acuminated, pinnatifid ; segments remote,
linear lanceolate, acute ; the inferior ones 2-fid. Sori sub-
marginal. E. Brown. Prodrom. Flor, Nov. Holland, p. 151.
CcBuopteris Odontites. Thbg. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 82.

Found by Thunberg ; locality not recorded.

54. Asplenium stans. Kze. Frond 2-pinnate, glabrous ;
pinnce deeply pinnatifid, almost opposite ; segments spathulate-
linear, obtuse, lower ones 2-partite. Sori sub-marginal ;
rachis winged. Stipes compressed, nearly 4-angular, smooth.
Caudex sub-globose, clothed with stiff, acute, imbricated,
blackish-brown scales. Kunze. Linn^ea., vol. 10, p. 521.
Ccenopteris furcata. Berg. Darea stans. Bory.

In the forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, and Kaffraria.
V. s.

55. Asplenium rutcefolium. Kze. Fronds 2-pinnate, smooth;
pinnce and pinnules alternate, remote ; the inferior pinnules
deeply pinnatifid ; the middle ones 2-3-partite ; terminal ones
simple ; segments linear, obtuse. Sori sub-marginal ; rachis
not winged, ^S^zjoe^ compressed, glabrous. Caudex palQuceo-aa.
Kze. Linnaea., vol. 10, p. 521. Ccenopteris rutcefolia. Berg.
Darea rutcefolia, Willd.

In the forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, and Natal, v. s,
XV. CETERACH. WILLD. (3 Specics.)

56. Ceterach officinarum. Willd. Fronds pinnatifid ; the
segments oblong, obtuse, thickly covered at the underside
with entire, rufous scales. Willd. Spec. Plant., vol. 5, p.
136. Schkuhr. Filic. tab. 7, f. b.

In crevices of rocks near the Baviaan's River. (Krebs.)

57. Ceterach capensis. Kze. Fronds pinnate or pinnatifid,
oblong, obtuse; the pinnce. and segments decurrent, ovate
oblong, blunt, crenate, incised, sub- cordate at the auricled
base, and clothed beneath (as well as the flexuose rachis and
the stipes) with rufous scales. Kze. Linnasa, vol. 10, p.
496. Qymnogramme cordata. Hook. & Grev. Icon. Filic,
tab. 156.

On rocks and walls near Cape Town ; also at the entrance of the
forests near Olifant's Hoek and Bushman's River (Uitenhage) ;
at the stems of old trees in Albany ; at the Kat River, etc. v, v.
and s.

24

58. Ceterach cordata. Kze. Fronds pinnate ; pinnce ses-
sile, cordate, oblong, orenate or iobecl, paleaceous beneath ;
the inferior pinncB small, more remote ; lobes rounded, crenate-
dentate. Kze. Linnasa., vol. 10, p. 497. Gymnogramme
cordata. Schlecht. Adumbr. p. 16.

Amongst rocks in almost all parts of South Africa, v, v and s.

XVI. SCOLOPENDKIUM. SM. (1 species).

59. '^colopendriinn Krebsii. Kze. Fronds coriaceous?
lanceolate, acuminate pinnate. Pinnct sessile, cordate, and
auricled at base, lanceolate, acute, falcate, margined, and
reflexed at the margin ; lower pinna smaller, ovate ; ter-
minal-ones confluent. Involucres and son oblique, placed near
the mid-rib. Stijjes short, angular, scaly at its base. Rhizome
horizontally creeping, paleaceous. Kunze Linnaea, vol. 18, p.
119. Sui^pl. to Schkuhr, Filic, tab. 74.

In moist, shady places, and between rocks, near Graham's
Town (Krebs. & Dr. Atherstone) ; in the forests of Natal (Guein-
zius) V. s.

V. DAYALLTACE^. Gaudich.

XVII. MICEOLEPIA. TKESL. (1 SpecicS.)

60. Microlepia polypodioides. Presl. Fronds ovate or
deltoid, acuminate, 3-pinnate, flaccid, more or less hairy or
downy, especially on the veins and costse beneath. Primary
pinnce and lower secondary ones acuminate, distant. Pinnules
oblong or rhomboid-lanceolate, blunt, deeply pinnatifid.
Lobes ovate or ob-ovate, entire or irregularly inciso-lobate, or
again pinnatifid, sub-oblique, very obtuse. Sori large usually
solitary on the entire lobes, several, on the pinnatifid-ones, and
in the sinuses within the margin. Involucres small, half cup-
shaped, smooth. Rachis downy on the underside. Hook,
Spec. Filic, vol. l,p. 181. Davallia polypodioides, Don,

In the forests of the Magalisberg. (Zeyher.) v. s.
XVIII. DAVALLIA. SM. (2 Species.)

61. Davallia nitidula, Kze. Fronds triangular sub-
coriaceous, nearly glabrous, paler beneath, sub-3-partite,
3-pinnate ; piiina^ alternate, stalked, patent, ovate, pointed,
slightly curved; lowermost remote, nearly opposite ; secondary
pinnules from a cuneate base unequally ovate, obtuse, pinna-
tifid or incised; segments cuneate-oblong, retuse or sub-

26

marginate, and sub-incised at tlie apex, bearing ^w/; involucres
obovate, truncate; radiis and stipes fiexuose, glabrous;
caudex creeping, chaffy. Kunze. Linnjea., vol. 10, p. 54o.
Suppl. to Schkhr. Filic, tab. 75, f, 2. Hook. Spec. Filic,
vol. 1, p. 165, tab. 44, f. A.

In shady and rocky localities at Natal. (Drege, Gueinzius.) v. s,

62. DavalUa concinna, Schrad. Fronds lanceolate-oblong,
obtuse, curved, coriaceous, glabrous above, clothed benealh
v^ith scattered brown scales, more or less deeply pinnate-
pmnatifid ; pinncB alternate, patent, ovate-cuneate at base ;
segments linear-spathulate, curved, margined ; margin thick-
ened, reflexed, retuse, 2 or 3 fid ; sort and involucres semi-
orbicular ; rachis flattened, costate, margined ; stipes short,
ascending ; caudex creeping, densely covered with brown,
rigid scales. Hook. Spec. Fil., p. 193 D. campyloptcra,
Kunze. Linnaea., vol. 10, p. 544. Suppl. to Schkuhr. Filic,
tab. 75, f. 1.

On the trunks of old trees in Plettenberg's Bay, George (Drege.)
and in Blockhouse Kloof, Albany (Dr. Atherstone.) v. s.

XIX. LINDSvEA. DRY AND, (1 SpecicS.)

63. LindscBa ensifolia. Sw. Firm and rigid. Caudex Yery
short, creeping. Stipes (as well as the rachis) glabrous, as
long as, or longer than the pinjiatid frond. Pinnce 5-13 linear-
ensiform or lanceolate, patent, erect, sub-membranaceous ;
sterile ones sub-serrate ; veins reticulated. Sorus continuous
round the margin. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 220. Lindscea
membranacea. Kze. Linn^ea, vol. 18, p. 121. Schizoloma
ensifolium. J. Smith.

At the base of high trees in the forests of Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s,
YI. ADIANTACEiE. Presl.
XX. PTERis. LIN. (5 Species.)

64. Pteris pedata. Wiild, Fronds deeply lobed, pedate, cori-
aceous, smooth, dark green above. Lobes pinnatifid, acute ;
lateral ones parted in two, the lowermost reflexed. Stipes
round, slightly pubescent at base, and, as well as the rachiscs,
ebenous, glossy. Rhizome descendent. Roots fibrous. AVilld.
Sp. Plantar., vol. 5, p. 358.

Near Tamacha-post (Kaflraria), and along the sources of the
Kat River (Eckl. & Zeyher) ; also at Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s.
Presl refers this to Litohrachia ; but none of the South African
specimens we have seen, show the venation of that genus.

26

65. Pteris cretica, Lin. Fronds either ternate or pinnate,
glabrous. PinncB opposite acuminate ; the lower ones more
or less stalked, often 2-fid ; middle ones confluent, sub-
decurrent; terminal pinna \vinQQo\viiQ 2>-^di \ sterile pinnce lan-
ceolate, serrate at the sub-cartilaginous edge ; fertile ones
linear, entire. Caudex destitute of scales. Schlecht. Adumb.,
p. 40. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 90. Pteris Serraria, S\v.

On the wood-clad mountains of Swellendam, George, and
Uitenhage, at the Kat River, in the Winterberg, and at Natal, v s.

66. Pteris arguta. Sw. Fronds 2-pinnatifid, glabrous;
pinnce pinnatifid, lanceolate-ovate, falcate, acuminate, patent ;
upper ones ^q^^Wq, somewhat decurrent; lower o?ies stalked ;
segments lanceolate-oblong, sub-falcate, acutely serrate at the
apex ; basal ones irregularly 3-4-lobed. Sori placed at the
inferior half of the segments below the serratures; margin of
involucre entire ; rachises and stipes naked, very smooth.
Schlecht. Adumb, p. 43. Pteris Jiahellulata, Thbg. (?)

In shady mountain localities ; common in all parts of the colony,
as well as at Natal. ^*. v, and s.

67. Pteris catoptera, Kze. Fronds pinnate, membrana-
ceous, smooth, somewhat pale on the under surface ; pinncR
sub-sessile; segynents confluent (bearing short, stipule-like
spines on the mid-rib of the upper side), oblong-linear, blunt,
entire ; rachises, ribs, and stipes glabrous, straw-coloured.
Kze. Linnaea., vol. 18, p. 119. Pteris biaurita, Kze. Lin-
naea., voL 10, p. 436.

In the forests of Natal (Drege, Gueinzius) ; at the Magahsberg.
(Zeyher.) v. s,

68. Pteris incisa, Thbg. Fronds 2-pinnate, membrana-
ceous, glabrous ; pinnce opposite, sessile, many-yoked ; pin-
nides lanceolate, pale underneath ; lower ones opposite,
pinnatifid; terminal ones con^xxQut', ^e-^mew^^ lanceolate-ovate,
sinuate or entire ; stipes round, stramineous. Schlecht.
Adumb., p. 44. Thunb. Flora Capens., p. 733.

On the Devil's Mountain near the waterfall ; in shady ravines
at Hottentots' Holland ; in the Du Toit's Kloof, etc. v. v. and s.

This Fern has not the venation of Litobrachiay to which genus
it is referred by Presl.

27

21. LOMARIA. WILLJ). (H Specicd.)

69. Lomaria capensis. Willd. Fronds pinnate, nienibrana-
ceous; sterile pinim approximate, sessile, obliquely cordate, lan-
ceolate, notched, aciitiiinate, not decurrent, smooth ; fertile ones
linear, crenate, miicronate; ribs and ^^z^c-s furrowed, paleaceous.
Caudex covered with large, broad, lanceolate, acute, ferru-
ginous scales. Blechnum capense. Schlecht. xVdumb., p. 34
tab. 18.

Common in moist, shady places and near rivulets ; on the Table
and Devil's Mountains, and in many parts of the colony, v. v.
and s.

70. Lomaria Boryana. Willd. Fronds pinnate, coria-
ceous ; sterile pinncE alternate, remote, narrow, linear-lance-
olate, entire, attenuated ; loioer ones stalked ; upper ones
adnate, cuneate at base, decurrent ; all of them smooth and
opaque on the upper surface, pale, and clothed with ferru-
ginous scaly wool beneath ; fertile pinnce stalked, linear, erect,
involute; rachis furrowed, very wooly in the upper half;
involucres continuous, rent and articulated at length. Stipes
long, surrounded at its base by awl-shaped, comose, twnsted,
ferruginous scales. Blechnum Boryanum. Schlecht. Adunib.,
p. 35, tab. 19. Lomaria coriacea. Schrad. (not Kze).
Lomaria cinnamomea. Kaulf. Enum. Filic, p. 153.

In the forests of the Krakakamma, Uitenhage, and uenr the
Kat River (Eckl. and Zeyher); in the DuToit's Kloof. ( Drege ) o s

*71. Lomaria Dalgairnsice. Nob. (N. sp.) Fronds
})innate, membranaceous ; sterile j)inncB alternate, remote,
sessile, lanceolate- oblong, narrowed at both ends, pale beneath,
glabrous ; terminal ones confluent at their bases ; fertile pinnce
linear, straight, erect, sharp-pointed; involucres involvent,
lacerato-ciliate. Stipes and rachiscs clothed with wooly, ferru-
ginous scales.

In the dense forests of the Knysna. (Miss Dalgairns, 185(5.) c. s

This appears to be the Fern collected by Drege in the Da Toit's

Kloof, and noticed by Kunze (binnaea, vol. 10, p. 50(3) as a

variety of L. Boryana. It does not, however, answer satistdctorily

to the short diagnosis, and seems to be distinct.

72. Lomaria heterophylla. Desv. Fronds pinnate, cori-
aceous, smooth ; sterile pinnce rigid, alternate, broad at base,
adnate, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sub-flilcate, entire, patent,

F

28

erlaiicous ; margin clotted, revolute ; lowermost small, remote,
oMong, cnneate, rounded ; terminal one often pinnatifid ;
Jertile pinnce narrow, linear, sliar))-pointed ; involucres more
or less gnawed. Stipes and the creeping caudex paleaceous.
Blechnum heterophyllum. Schlecht. Adumb. p. 37, tab. 20
and 22, fig. 1. Lomaria gigantea and Z. hamata. Kaulf., 1.
c, p. 150.

In the bushes at the foot of Table Mountain, Kirstenbosch
(Bers^ius) ; in forests of George (Drege.) ; Albany (Dr.Ather-
stone) ; and Natal (Gueinzius.) v. s.

* 73 Lomaria cycadoides. Nob. (N. sp.) Fronds pin-
nate, coriaceous ; j)inncB alternate, remote, erect, sessile,
Sflabrous, auricled at base ; sterile ones lanceolate, oblong,
blunt, very veiny, revolute, glossy, entire, dotted at the
marorin ; fertile pinnce linear-lanceolate, recurved at the apex ;
rachises and angular stipes smooth ; caudex scaly, comose.

In the woods of Natal. (Plant No. 335.) v. s.
A sterile specimen of the same Fern, from Madagascar, is pre-
served in Dr. Pappe's collection.

74. Lomaria attenuata. Willd. Sterile fronds \)mn^\\^A\
seqments lanceolate-oblong, attenuate, acuminate, entire, the
uppermost elongated; fertile pinnce pinnate; jjinnce Wuqkv \
involucres torn, denticulated; caudex oblique, clothed with
long, ferruginous scales. Willd. Spec. Plantar., vol. 5, p.
290. Kze. Linn^a., vol. 18, p. 116.

In shady places at Natal. (Gueinzius )

75. Lomaria inflexa, Kze. Fronds pinnate, lanceolate,
coriaceous, smooth ; sterile pinnce adnate, alternate, approx-
imate, patent, somewhat auricled, oblong, falcate, blunt, pale
at the underside ; fertile pinnce stalked, erect, linear-oblong,
obtuse, mucronate, curvato-inflexed ; rachis purple, paleacous.
Stipes short, dark-purple, ebenous, surrounded at base by large
subulate, lanceolate, brown scales. Kunze. Linnaea., vol.
18, p. 117. Suppl. to Schkuhr's Filic, tab. 65.

In moist places at Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s.

76. Lomaria punctulata. Kze. Fronds pinnate, glabrous ;
sterile pinnce alternate, sessile, sub-imbricated, linear-lance-
olate, auriculato-cordate, acuminate, sub-falcate, entire, re-
flexed and dotted at the margins ; loivermost pinnce smaller,
oblong, obtuse ; fertile pitince patent, remote, linear, mucronate.

29

Stipes short, scaly at Its base. Blechnum punctulatum.
Schlecht. Adumbr., p. 37, tab. 21 and 22, fig. 2. Lomaria
densa. Kaulf., 1. c, p. 151.

Common in moist, shady places throughout the colony and
Natal V. V. and s.

77. Lomaria jmmila, Kaulf. Fronds pinnate, smooth;
stejnle pinnoe alternate, sessile, oblong, obtuse, submucronate,
auriculato-cordate, scabrous at the margins; fertUe ones
linear-lanceolate, falcate, mucronate. Stipes short, and at its
base, as well a^ the creeping caudex paleaceous. Kaulf.
Enum. Filic, p. 151. Blechnum australe. Schlecht., p 38.
Schkuhr., Filic, tab. 110, b.

Common between rocks and moist mountainous spots in ahnost
all parts of the colony; also at Natal, v. v. and s.

78. Lomaria Spicant. Desv. F/'w/if/s pinnate, destitute of
scales ; sterile pinnce lanceolate, pectinato-pinnatifid ; segments
alternate, linear-lanceolate, rather blunt, entire, somewhat
falcated, the lowermost rounded, short, remote, uppermost
confluent ; fertile innnce pinnate ; pinncs linear, narrow, acu-
minate ; involucres curled. Stipes scaly at base. Blechnum
horeale. Lin. Schlecht. Adunib., p. 38. Schkuhr. Filic,
tab. 110.

Found somewhere'in the colony. (Mr. Riche.)

* 79. Lomaria decipiens. Nob. N. sp. (?) Sterile fronds
deeply pinnatifid, smooth ; segments alternate, oblong, obtuse,
quite entire ; loioer ones short, rounded ; terminal one elongated,
lanceolate, acuminate; all of them dotted at the margin.
Fertile fronds unknown.

A puzzling species, and perhaps the juvenile plant of Lomaria
heteropht/da, Desv., but very close also to L. Spicant.

Near Graham's Town, parasitical on the candex ot Jlsophda
capensis (Dr. A.therstone), and between crevices of rocks near the
mouth of the Klein liiver, Caledon. (Zeyher.) v. s.

XXII. CAMPTERIA. PRESL. (1 SpecieS.)
80. Campteria biaurita. Hook. Fronds pinnate, mem-
branaceous, smooth ; pinncB, sub-opposite, sessile, pinnatifid,
lanceolate oblong, acute (bearing short stipule-like spines on
the midrib of the upperside), lowermost 2-partite ; segments
confluent, oblong, blunt and rounded at the apex, all ot them

30

quite entire. Stipes glossy, stramineous. Campteria Rottle-
riuna. (Presl.?) Pteris nemuralis. Willd. (?)

In shady localities and clifts. Magalisberg. (Zeyher.) ; in the
forests of Natal. (Plant.) v. s.

Very like Pteris Catoptera. Kze., but sufficiently different by
the venation.

XXIII. ALLOSORUS. BERNH. (8 Species.)

81. Allosorus hastatus. Presl. Fronds 2 or sometimes 3-
pinnate at the lower extremity ; pinnce and pinnules stalked,
alternate, ovate-lanceolate, blunt, eared, or 3-lobed at base,
notched, smooth or downy at the rihs, crenate and revolute
at the margin. Stipes half round, channelled on the upper
side, glabrous, glossy or paleaceous, and covered at its base
with large linear-acute black-purplish scales. Pteris auricu-
lata. Thbg. Pteris hastata. Schlecht. Adumb., page 42.
Cheilanthes liastata. Kze. Linngea, vol. 10, p. 532.

In the forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, Albany, &c.
V. s.

Of this very variable Fern, the following two are the most
striking forms.

1st var. macrophylla. Kze. Fronds pinnate, or some-
times 2-i3innate at base ; pinnce and pinnules ovate, cordate,
or sub-hastate, somewhat falcate, auricled, very smooth, often
3 J inches long and 2^ inches broad. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 532.

In the aboriginal forests of the Krakakamma. (Ecki. & Zey-
her), and at Natal (Gueinzius. Plant.) v. s.

2nd var. stenophylla. Kze. Fronds 2-pinnate ; pinncR
and pinnules linear-lanceolate, acuminate, narrow, hastate,
middle lobe elongated, nearly two inches long ; petioles short,
and as well as the rachises, downy. Kze. Linnaea, 1. c. p. 533.
Pteris hastcefolia. Schrad.

Near Philipstown, Kat River. (Eckl. &Zeyh.) v. s.

82. Allosorus Calomelanos. Presl. i^ro7z^.<f 2-pinnate, or 3-
pinnate in the lower half; pinnce -andi pinnules stalked, alter-
nate, 3-angular-cordate, obtuse ; terminal ones cordate, often
5-angular, all of them coriaceous, smooth. Stipes flexuose,
slightly paleaceous at base, and like the rachises brittle,
j^olished and ebenous. Caudex tufted, sub-globose, and
thickly clothed with narrow ferruginous scales ; roots fibrous.

31

shaggy. Ptetis hastata, Thbg. Pteris Ccdomelanus. Sw.
Kunze & Schlecht. Adurab., p. 43, tab. 30.

Between fissures of rocks ; very common all over South Africa.
V. V. and s.

83. Allosonis auriculatus. Presl. Fronds^ pinnate smooth ;
pinncB either alternate or opposite, sub-sessile, ovate, or
ovate lanceolate, auricled or sub-pinnatifid at base, entire
or crenulated ; loicer ones rounded, upper ones oblong, all of
them blunt; margin and z/i?;oZ2<cre.? notched. Stipes ^mooi\\^
or slightly paleaceous, purplish, glossy. Caudex clothed at
base with pointed, linear ferruginous scales; roots fibrous,
woolly. The Avhole fern little more than a span high. Adi-
nntum auriculatum, Thbg. Pteris auricvlata. Sw. Schlecht.
Adumb. p. 41. tab. 23. Cheilanthes auricidata. Link. &
Kze. Linna3a, vol. 10, p. 531.

Near water-courses, Rondebosch ; in moist and shady places
on Table and Devil's Mountains and elsewhere common.
V. V. and s.

84. Allosorus andromedcefolius. Kaulf. Fronds 2-i)mnate,
5-6 inches long ; pinncB remote, patent ; lower ones 2-pinnate,
upper ones pinnate ; inferior pinnules, 3-foliate ; leaflets
stalked, oblong-ovate, blunt, revolute at the margin ; involu-
cres short. Stipes round, sparingly scaly. Caudex creeping,
paleaceous ; 7-oots filiform, shaggy. Kaulf. Enum. Filic. p. 188.

In dry localities at Kendo. (Drege.)

^85. Allosorus consobrinus. Nob. Fronds 4-pinnate or
3-pinnate, pinnatifid, sub-triangular, straight, coriaceous,
smooth ; pinnules oblong-ovate, lower ones and those of the
apex pinnatifid at base ; terminal ones elongated, sterile ones,
broad crenate, fertile ones narrow, quite entire, i^itipes and
rachises flexuose, furrowed, dark purple, glossy, the former
covered at its base with comose paleaceous scales. Pteris
consohrina. Kze. Linniea, vol. 10, p. 526.

In the forests of the Knysna (Miss Dalgairns), Krakakamma,
(Eckl. & Zeyher), near Fort England, Albany. (Dr. Atherstone),
and in Kaffraria (Dre^e.) v, s.

*86. Allosorus coriifoUus. Nob. Fronds 3-pinnate, coriace-
ous, glabrous, glossy above, pale below ; middle and lower
primary pinncB and pinnules remote, terminal ones, short
stalked, approximate, confluent at the apex, all of them

32

patentj oblong, acuminate, flexuose or curved ; secondary
pinnules sessile, divergent, ovate oblong, blunt, sub-auriculate,
slightly pinnatifid : segments ovate, rounded, rather notched.
RacJdses and the short stipes angular, flexuose, covered with
rufous down. Pteris coriifolia. Kze. Liunaea, vol 18, p.
120.

In the dense woods of Natal (Gneinzius.)

87. AUosnrus capensis. Presl. Fronds 2-3-pinnate, cori-
aceous, hairy on the under surface ; upper pinnules entire or
auricled at base, lower ones, divided down to the mid-rib ;
segments adnate, confluent at top ; margins of the pinncB and
their segments^ inflexed, crenulated ; involucres fringed. The
very robust stipes as well as the rachises muricated. Cau~
dex descendant, w^oolly. Pteris capensis. Thbg. Schlecht.
Adumb., p. 45.

Common in woody, rough, stony places, &c., in all parts of South
Africa, v. v. and s.

88. AUosorus aqutlinus. Presl. Fronds 3-partite coriace-
ous ; branches 2-pinnafe ; pinmdes sub-sessile, linear-lanceo-
late, the superior ones undivided, the inferior ones pinnatifid ;
segments remote, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse. Stipes smooth.
Pteris aquilina, Lin. Schkuhr. Filic. Tab. 95.

In a forest on the sources of the Kat River near Philiptown.
(Eckl. & Zeyher.)

XXIV. CEYPTOGRAMMA. R. BR. (1 SpecieS.)

*89. Cryptogramma rohusta. Nob. Fertile //witi 3 inches
high, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, oblong, smooth ; pinnules and
segments oblong-ovate, blunt, wedge-shaped at base. Rachises
and the short channelled stipes curved or flexuose, purple,
glabrous. Caudex stout, creeping, paleaceous. Allosorus
robustus. Kze. Linnsea, vol. 10, p. 502.

Between rocks near Goedemanskraal, Namaqualand. (Drege.)
V. s.

XXV. ADIANTUM. LIN. (2 Species.)

90. Adiantum Capillus Veneris, Lin. Frond 3-4-pinnate
ovate ; pinnules delicately membranaceous, smooth, obliquely
broad cuneate, tapering into a slender stalk ; the superior
edge deeply and irregularly inciso-lobate ; lobes obtuse or
truncate, soriferous. Sari as broad as the lobes, oblong or

33

sub-reniform. Stipes and rachis ebenoiis, L>-labrou8, polished.
Hook. Spec. Filic. vol. 2, p. 36., tab. 74, B.

Between rocks on Tnble Mountain, &c ; also in the woods near
the Kat River, and at Natal, v v. and s.

91. Adiantum aethiopicimi. Lin. Frond 3-4-pinnate
oblong-ovate, membranaceous, smooth : pinnules sub-orbicular,
obliquely cuneate at base, stalked ; superior margin more or
lesslobed ; notches of the lobes soriferous; sori large, involu-
cres oblong-lunate. Stipes slender, compressed ; rachis eben-
ous, glabrous, glossy. Caudex fibrous. Hook., 1. c, p. 37,
tab. 77 A. ' 1 '

Common in moist, shady places in all parts of the colony, v. v.
and s.

XXVI. CHEILANTHES. SW. (16 SpCcies.)

92. Chcilanthes pteroides. S\v. Fronds 3-pinnate, coria-
ceous, smooth; pinnce and pinmdes remote, the latter stalked,
cordate, elliptical, obtuse, crenate, opaque ; involucres contig-
uous, sub-round membranaceous, extending over the whole
margin. Stipes and rachises woolly at their axils, stout, cben-
ous, glossy. Caudex creeping, scaly. Hook., Spec. Filic.
vol. 2, p. 80, tab. 101, A. Adiantum pteroides. Lin.

In shady, damp places, and between rocks near Cape Town, the
Paarl, Tiilbagh, &c ; also at Natal, v. v. and s.

93. Cheilanthes capensis. Svv. Fronds 2-3-pinnate, del-
toid, membranaceous, smooth ; pinnules adnate, decurrent,
ovate, or oval-oblong, crenate-dentate, rarely pinnatifid ;
involucres fringed at the margin ; sori numerous, approximate.
Stipes ebenous, shining, scaly. Caudex creeping, paleaceous.
Adiantum cnpense. Thbg. & Kze. Hypolepis capensis.
Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 2, p. 71, tab. 77, c'.

In shady localities between rocks in many parts of the colony.
V. V and s.

94. Cheilanthes midtijida. S\v. Frond 3, below 4-pinnate,
deltoid-ovate, acute, coriaceous, glabrous; primary pinnce
rather opposite, broad-ovate, sub deltoid, stalked ; pinnules
or segments oblong, pinnatifid, lobes sub-round, each bearing
2-4 involucres. Stipes and rachises brittle, deej) ebony, black,
glossy. Caudex clothed with black subulate scales. Hook.
\. c, p. 90, tab. 100, b.

In rocky and stony places in most parts of South Africa.
V, V, and s.

34

* 95. Cheilauthes refracta. Nob. (N. sp.) Frond 2-3-
pinuate, deltoid, rigid, perfectly smooth ; pinnce alternate,
remote, deltoid-ovate, patent, upper ones sub-sessile, middle
and lower ones stalked ; petioles more or less reflexed ;
pinnules lanceolate-oblong, sessile, confluent at the ape^, and
as well as the intermediate ones crenate ; loicermost distant,
pinnatifid. Stipes short, half round, channelled on the upper
side, flexuose, and like the rarhises, glossy.

In Griqiialand (Mr. Robert Moffatt, 1857). v. s.

96. Cheilanthes triangula. Kze. Frond 3-pinnate, tri-
angular, coriaceous, smooth; pinnce and pinnules remote,
patent, stalked ; secondary pinnules or lobes oblong, obtuse,
sinuate, lobate, margined ; the margin inflexed, crenate ;
involucres marginal ; sori contiguous. Stipes and rachises
flexuose, stiff, purple, slightly hairy. Caudex short. Kze.
Linntea, vol. 10, p, 535. Hook. 1. c, p. 91.

Rocky places in the Sneeuwbergen, Witbergen and Compasberg.
(Drege) in similar localities at Natal. (Dr. F. Krauss.) v. s.

97. Cheilanthes Bergiana. Schlecht. Fronds 3-pinnate
membranaceous, sparingly hairy on both sides ; primary
pinnce ovate, sub-acuminate ; secondary ones rather obtuse ;
pinnules and primary lobes subovate, almost oblique, entire,
or })innatifid ; involucres small, situated at the inner margin
of the lobe. Stipes and primary rachises deep purple, black,
and as well as the secondary rachises and ribs clothed with
rusty hairs. Schlecht. Adumbr., p. 51. Hypolepis Bergiana,
Hook. 1. c. p. 67.

In thickets and at the borders of the forests in the Swellendam,
George, and Uitenhage districts; also at Kat River and Natal, v. s.

98. Cheilanthes elata. Kze. Frond 4-pinnate-pinnatifid,
S-anorular, membranaceous ; pinnce and primary pinnules
stalked, remote, erect, and as well as the secondary ones sub-
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; tertiary ones oblong,
blunt, sinuate, or inciso-pinnatifid, slightly clothed with
whitish hairs ; sori and involucres semi-orbiculate. Stipes and
rachises flexuose, rough, covered with reddish chaffy hairs.
Kze. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 542. Hypolepis elata. Hook, 1. c,
p. 67.

In woods at Koratra (Drege.)

99. Cheilanthes hirta, Sw. Froiid 2-3-pinnate, lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, sub-coriaceous, hairy on both sides ;

35

primary piniKB lanceolate, lower ones opposite, distant ; pin-
nules oblong or pinnatificl-ovate or crenulate, the lobes with
the margins recurved, soriferous ; sori numerous, confluent.
Stipes short, purplish-brown, glossy, very hairy, and more or
less glandular, shaggy at the base with long subulate scales.
Caudex almost creeping ; roots tufted. Schlecht Adumbr. p.
50. Kze. Linntea., vol. 10, p. 539. Hook, 1. c, p. 92, tab
101, b.

Extremely changeable m form, according to the very different
habitats of the species.

The following are the principal varieties enumerated by
Kunze, 1. c.

1st var. contracta. Frond 2-pinnate, rather rigid, often
curved; pinnules approximate, oblong, erect; larger pin-
nules folded, and thickly clothed with rufous shag ; stipes
and caudex more or less smooth at base.

2nd var. intermedia. Frond 2-pinnate ; pinnw short,
ovate, and as well as the minute and plane pinnules approxi-
mate ; base of the stipes and caudex closely surrounded by
long scales.

3rd var. laxa. Frond 2-3-pinnate ; pinnce and pinnules
oblong-lanceolate, plane, remote, pinnatifid and incised;
stipes and rachises fringed with rufous hairs. Notholcena
capensis. A. Sprengel. Suppl. ad. Lin. Syst. Yegetab. p. 32.

4th var. parviloba. Frond 2-3-pinnate, calvescent, pinnce
lanceolate, elongated, distant ; pinnules sub 3-lobed or
auricled at base ; lobes obtuse, convolute, middle one linear-
oblong ; stipes slightly paleaceous at base ; rachis paleaceo-
hirsute. Cheilanthes parviloba, Sw.

In rocky, shady, or open situations, and widely diffused over
the whole of South Africa. ^. ^?. and s.

* 100. Cheilanthes glandulosa. Nob. (N. sp.) Fro?id 2-3-
pinnate, sub-coriaceous, linear-lanceolate ; primary pinn(F
remote, sub-opposite at base, alternate above, erect, pinnate,
shortly stalked, oblong-ovate, obtuse, rough and opaque on
the upper, paler and almost smooth on the under surface ;
pinnules subsessile, oblong, deeply lobed, blunt ; lobes with
the margins recurved, soriferous; sori copious, confluent.
Stipes and rachises purple, fringed with delicate glandular
shag.

Related to tte preceding species, and very like C. hirta
var. laxa. Kze. It seems however to be different.
In Griqualand (Mr. Robert Moffatt, 1857.) v. s.

101. Cheilanthes induta. Kze. Frojid sub 4-pinnate, oblong,
obtuse, coriaceous ; pimicB rather remote, stalked, ascending ;
pinnules shortly stalked, ovate, secondary oblong tertiary, and
the segments roundish-ovate, all glabrous above, paleaceo-
hirs ate beneath; involucres m^v^m2i\, crenulate, and as well
as the sori continuous. Stipes flexuose, sparingly, and the
rachises densely paleaceo-hirsute, purple. Caudex creeping.
Kze. Linnsea, vol. 10, p. 538. Hook., 1. c, p. 92, tab. 102, A.

In rocky, shady places in the Sneeuwbergen (Drege.)

102. Cheilanthes deltoidea. Kze. Frond 2-pinnate pin-
natifid, 3-angular, sub-coriaceous, smooth ; pinnce. obliquely
ovate ; pinnules and seymeiits ovate, obtuse, with the cuneate
base decurrent. Stipes smooth; rachises margmed ; involucres
marginate, crenulated, continuous. Sori broad. Kze. Linnaea,
voh 10, p. 535. Hook, 1. c, p. 106.

In the fissm-es of the rocks near Silverfontein, Little Namaqua-
land (Drege.) v, s.

103. Cheilanthes profusa. Kze. Frond pinnate, oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, sub-coriaceous ; pinnm often opposite,
smooth, uppermost lanceolate, approximate, sub-connate,
entire; lower ones ovate or deltoid, remote, acuminated,
shortly stalked, deeply pinnatifid or sometimes pinnate at their
bases ; pinnules and segments lobed or pinnatifid ; costce hispid '
with narrow subulate scales ; involucres continuous. Stipes
and rachises hispid with paleaceous scales. Roots creeping,
scaly. Kze. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 535. Suppl. to Schkuhr's,
Filic, tab. 17. Hook, 1. c, p. 108.

Between rocks near Silverfontein (Drege) on Karroo-like hills
at Buffeljagdsriver and Rietkuil, (Zeyher.) v. s,

104. Cheilanthes cornuta. Kze. Frond 2-pinnate, linear-
lanceolate ; pinnce ovate approximate, the lowermost sub-
opposite, stalked ; pinnules sessile, sub-ternate, 2-3-fid, oblong,
obtuse, coriaceous. Sori at length diffused. Stipes and rachis
rio-id, naked. Kze. Linnsea, vol. 10, p. 534. Hook, 1. c,
p.''l09.

Near Hex River, Worcester f Eckl, & Zeyh.), and on dry stony
hills near Enon, and the litde Fish River (Drege.) v. s.

37

105. Cheilanthes Atherstoni. Hook. Frond 4-pmnate, del-
toid, glabrous ; primary pinnce ovate-deltoid, and as well as
the secondary and tertiary pinnce, stalked ; the lower ones
distant, the upper ones more approximate ; pinnules sessile,
oblong, entire or pinnatifid in their lower half; involucres
formed of the inflexed margins of the pinnules, pale and
membranaceous at the edge, generally continuous; the edge
more or less crenate or lobed. Stipes and principal rachis
purple, ebenous, glossy. Hook, 1. c, p. 107.

In the district of Somerset (Dr, Atherstone.)

106. Cheilanthes Jirma. T. Moore. Frond 3-4-pinnate,
smooth, coriaceous, pentagonal acuminate, \-\^ feet long ;
inferior pinnules of the lower pinnne obliquely deltoid ; ;:>ri-
mary piancB of lowest inferior pinna3, pinnate, ovate-lanceolate,
deeply pinnatifid, the segments oblong, bluntish, with notched
margins ; the lowest secondary pinnules stalked, the interme-
diate ones either stalked or sessile, lanceolate-oblong, scarcely
pinnatifid ; the uppermost ones connate, pointed. Stipes and
rachises smooth, brown, shining, channelled. Sort continuous;
involucres lobed, crenate. T. Moore, in Hook., Journ. of Bo-
tan, and K. G. Miscellany, vol. 5, p. 225.

According to Mr. Moore, nearly related to C. Atherstoni,
Hook.

On the sides of mountain streams. Natal (Plant.)

107. Cheilanthes linearis. T. Moore. Frond 4-pinnate,
deltoid, coriaceous smooth, 6 inches high ; ultimate pinnules
all distinct, small, linear, obtuse, the terminal one of the same
form ; sori numerous ; involucres continuous, narrow, slightly
waved. Stipes and rachises round behind, plane and margined
in front, purple, glossy. T. Moore, 1. c, p. 226.

In rocky places near Impafane, Natal (Plant.)

XXVII. HYPOLEPIS BERNH. (2 SpCcIeS.)

108. Hypolepis anthriscifolia. Presl. Fronds 3-pinnate,
hairy on the mid-rib and veins beneath, membranaceous ;
primary pinnce oblong-ovate, acuminate; secondary ones
broad, oblong ; pinnules linear-oblong, sub-falcate, deeply
pinnatifid ; segments small, entire or toothed, bearing solitary
sori in the inner margin ; involucres squamiform. Stipes and
rachises glabrous. Cheilanthes sparsisora Schr. C. commutata,
Kze. Linna^a, vol. 10, p. 542. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 2,
p. m, tab. 95. A.

In the forests near Plettenberg's Bay, in the Zuurbergeii
(Albany), at Natal (Plant, No. 369), &c. v. s.

38

109. Hypolepis aspera, Prl. Fronds S-pinnate, sub-
coriaceous ; primary pinncB alternate, lanceolate, curved, erect,
stalked ; pinnules sub-sessile or shortly petioled, lance-shaped,
pinnatifi do incised ; 5<?^me?zif5 sub-dentate ; racAz^ rough; sori
solitary at the superior base of the segments ; involucres sub-
reniform. ^Stipes almost smooth, glossy. Caudex creeping,
shaggy ; roots filiform. Cheilanthes aspera. Kaulf. Linnaea,
vol. 6, p. 186. Hook., 1. c, p. 67.

In shady localities near the cataract on the Devil's Mountain,
near Genadendal (Caledon), in the forests of George, Albany, &c.
V. V. and s.

XXVIII. LONCHITIS. LIN.

110. Lonchitis natalensis. Hook, i^ro/i^/s 2 -pinnate, mode-
rately hairy on both sides ; pinnce more or less stalked, the
upper half, pinnatifid ; pinnules sessile, broad lanceolate,
acuminate, nearly entire or somewhat lobed in the lower half;
lohes rounded, undivided, short, the sinuses and entire mar-
gins soriferous ; sori small. Stipes and rachis downy. Hook.
Spec. Filic, vol. 2, p. 57, tab. 89. B.

In the primaeval forests of Natal. (Gueinzius.) v, s.

111. Lonchitis glabra. Bory. i^rowc?5 2-pinnate membra-
naceous, with scattered fulvous hairs on the stipes, rachis,
mid-rib, and veins on both sides ; pinnce sessile oblong-ovate,
acuminate, pinnatifid at the apex ; pinnules lanceolate,
obtuse, lobed or pinnatifid, all of them decurrent, so as to
constitute a broadly-winged rachis to the pinnae ; the inferior
pinnule above (next to the main rachis), dwarfish ; lohes
round, entire ; sinuses soriferous ; sori small, lunate.
Stipes paleaceous at the base. Schlecht. Adumbr. p. 47.
Hook, 1. c. p. 57. Kunze Suppl. to Schkuhr, tab. QQ.

In the forests of the Tzitsikamma (Mundt, Dr. Alexander, Dr.
Rubidge) at Natal. (Drege.) v. s.

VII. VITTAEIACE^. Presl.
XXIX. viTTARiA. SM. (1 Species.)

112. Vittaria lineata. Sw. Fronds linear, narrow, very
long, membranaceous, pendulous. »Sori solitary , intermarginal.
Caudex bulbose, shaggy ; roots fibrous. Schlecht. Adumbr.,
p. 33. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 101 b.

In woods near Swellendam (Mundt), in the forests of George
(Drege.), in Blockhouse Kloof, near Graham's Town (Dr. Ather-
stone), and at Natal (Gueinzius.) v, s.

39

VIII. POLYPODIACEiE. Presl.
XXX. POLYPODIUM. LIN. (3 Species.)

113. Polypodium vulgare. Lin. Frond deeply pinnatifid,
its segments linear lanceolate, blunt, crenulate at the marg-ins,
approximate ; upper ones gradually smaller. Sori circular,
placed in a single line on each side of the midrib at the upper
portion of the frond. Rhizome creeping, chaffy. Schkuhr's
Filic, tab. 11.

In the fissures of rocks on Table Mountain ; also at George,
Albany, Kat River, and in Kafirland. v. s.

1 14. Polypodium. Ecklonis. Kze. Frond lanceolate-ovate,
deeply pinnatifid ; segments broad at base, remote, alternate,
patent, oblong, rather blunt, perfectly entire, glossy on the
upper side, and covered below (as well as the costa and the
stipes) with loose scales. Sori cushioned, submarginal. Kze.
Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 498.

Parasitical on old trees in the forests of Uitenhage, Beaufort,
and Kaffraria (Eckl. & Zeyh.) ; also at Natal (Drege.) v. s.

115. Polypodium Bergianum. Schlecht. Fronds hairy on
both sides : pinncB alternate or opposite, pinnatifid, acute ;
segments alternate, oblong, obtuse, ciliated, slightly gnawed
at the borders. Stipes and rachises clothed with shaggy down ;
sori small in one row between the midrib and the margin.
Schlecht. Adumb., p. 20, tab. 9.

In shady places at the foot of Table Mountain, Witteboom, and
Kirstenbosch (Bergius, Mundt, Drege), near the cataract on the
Devil's Peak (Ecklon), at Natal (Dr. Krauss.)

XXXI. GONIOPTERIS. PRESL. (1 Specics.)
* 116. Goniopteris silvatica. Nob. Frond pinnate 3-4: feet
high, smooth, dark green at the upper, pale at the underside^,
sub-coriaceous ; pinnce obliquely truncate at base, sessile,
oblong-lanceolate, long and narrowly tapering towards the
apex, acuminate, remote, inciso-pinnatifid ; loicer ones nearly
opposite, upper ones alternating ; segments oblong, falcate,
obtuse ; veins, rachises, and the 3~cornered furrowed stipes
slightly downy ; sori minute. Gymnogramma unita. Kze.
Linnasa, vol. 18, p. 115.

In the primaeval forests of Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s.

XXXII. MARGINARIA. BORY. (1 SpCcieS.)

117. Marginaria ensiformis. Presl. Frond coriaceous.

40

smooth, ovate-oblong, wedge-shaped below, 3-fid, pinnatifid ;
pinnate at base or sometimes simple ; segments of the sterile
frond opposite, attenuated at top, rather acute ; those of the
fertile ones linear ensiform, blunt, repando-crenate, decurrent ;
sori circular in a single row. Stipes short ; rhizome creeping,
paleaceous. Poli/podium ensiforme, Thbg. Kze. Suppl. to
Schkuhr's Filic, p. 117, tab. 54.

At the trunks of decayed trees in the forests of Swellendani and
George ; also at Natal, v. s.

XXXIII. PLEOPELTIS. HUMB. & BONPL. (2 Species.)

118. Fleopeltis lepidota. Presl. Frond lanceolate, much
narrowed towards the base, rather blunt at the apex, quite
entire or sinuate, coriaceous, almost naked on the upper surface,
and covered with minute scales below. Sori large, cushioned,
solitary ; rhizome creeping, paleaceous. Polypodium adsper-
sum.. Schr. P. lepidotum, Schlecht. Adumb. p, 17, tab. 8.

In woods and shady spots near Cape Town, Kirstenbosch, Para-
dise, &c., and in the districts of Swellendam, George, Albany, &c.;
also at Natal, v. v. and s.

119. Pleopeltis lycopodioides. Presl. Frond subsessile,
lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, obtuse,
glabrous. Sori large, placed in one row on each side of the mid-
rib. Caudex creeping, scaly. Polypodium lycopodioides. Willd.
Spec. Plant, vol.' 5, p. 150. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 8. c.

Creeping and climbing at the feet of old trees, in the forests of
Natal (Gueinzius.) v. s.

XXXIV. PHYMATODES. PRESL. (3 SpecicS.)

120. Phymatodes vulgaris. Presl. Frond simple, elongated
3-angular, coriaceous, smooth, deeply 3-lobed at the apex,
decurrent at base ; segments lanceolate, patent, acuminate,
quite entire ; sori almost circular, scattered, immersed. Stipes
broadly winged in the upper portion of the frond. Rhizome
creeping, scaly. Polypodiuin phymatodes. Lin. Willd. Spec.
Plant, vol. 5, p. 167. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 8. d.

On the trunks of old trees in the aboriginal forests of Natal*
(Gueinzius Plant.) v. s.

121. Phymatodes irioides. Presl. Frond cartilaginous,
simple, elongated, quite entire, oblong-lanceolate, sword-
shaped, attenuated at the base, reticulated, perfectly smooth.

41

Sori minute, numerous, scattered. Rhizome creeping, scaly.
Polypodium irioides. Poir. Spreng. Syst. Vegetab., vol. 4,
p. 48.

In the forests of Natal (Gueinzius ) v. s.

122. Phymatodes elongata. Presl. Frf?7zrf linear-lanceolate,
narrowed at both ends, entire, subcoriaceous, smooth. Sori
impressed in one single row on each side of the costa. Caudex
creeping. Polypodium elongatum. Schr. Schlecht. Adumb.,
p. 16, tab. 7.

On the stems of old trees in the forests of George (Mundt.
Ecklon), near the bath of Olifant's River (Rev. Hesse.); in Block-
house Kloof, Graham's Town (Dr. Atherstone); near Boontjes
River, &c. (Drege.) v. s.

XXXV. NIPHOBOLUS. KAULF. (1 SpCcieS.)

123. Niphoholus africanus. Kze. Frow^ lanceolate, shortly
stalked at base, costate, margined, stellate tomentose and
hoary beneath, rather smooth above; top of the sterile frond
shortened, blunt ; fertile one narrowed into a long, obtuse,
soriferous apex. Sori minute, confluent. Caudex creepino-,
densely scaly. Kze. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 501. Suppl. to
Schkuhr's Filic, tab. 33.

Between rocks and on the trunks of trees in the woods of Natal.
(Drege.) v. s.

IX. GRAMMITACE^. Presl.

XXXVI. GRAMMITIS. PRESL. (1 Species.)

124. Grammitis totta. Presl. Fronds pinnate, lanceolate,
membranaceous (and as well as the stipes and rachises) hairy
on both sides ; pinnce alternate, sessile, pinnatifid, lanceolate,
acuminated ; the upper ones adnate, confluent, the lower ones
remote ; segments opposite, ovate, blunt, gnawed, ciliated ;
sori linear, small. Stipes short ; rhizome descending ; roots
filiform. Gymnogramma totta. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 15,
tab. 6.

Near the cataract on the Devil's Mountain (Mundt. Pappe) ; in
a wood near Koratra (Drege) ; in the forests of the Knysna (Dr.
Krauss.)

XXXVII. GYMNOGRAMMA. DESV. (3 SpCcies.)

125. Gymnogramma conspersa. Kze. Frond delicate,
membranaceous, pale green on the upper surface, and covered
beneath with a white mealy substance, ovate triangular.

42

acuDiinated, 3 -parti to 2-pinnatifid ; pinncB trapezoid, inciso-
pinnatifid, wedo-e-sliaped and decurrent at base ; segments
cuneate, 2-fid, blunt ; sori few seeded. Stipes long ; rachises
and ribs purplish. Caudex tufted. Kunze. Linngea., vol. 18,
p. 116.

In the crevices of rocks near the cataract between Omfondi and
Togela Rivers, Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s.

* 126. Gymnogramma namaquensis. Nob. (N. sp.) Annual.
Frond {^OMt 4 inches long), membranaceous, smooth, pinnato-
pinnatifid ; jnnnce alternate, distant, lanceolate oblong, rough
on the upper surface, glandular and scaly beneath ; segments
inciso-crenate. Stipes ilexuose, erect, and as well as the rachis
densely-paleaceous. Caudex short, caespitose, obliquely
descending.

Between rocks near Modderfontein, Namaqualand (Rev. H.
Whitehead, 1856.) v. s.

127. Gymnogramma leptophylla. Desv. Annual. Frond
slender, very delicate, 2-pinnate, smooth, 3 inches high ; pin-
nules roundish-cuneate, sub-trilobed ; lobes bluntly 2-dentate ;
sori confluent ; roots filiform. Grammitis leptophylla. Sw.
Willd. Spec. Plant., vol. 5, p. 143. Schkuhr. Filictab. 26.

In moist vegetable soil, near the cataract on the east side of the
Devil's Mountain — rare. (Mundt , Dr. Alexander, 1848.) v, s.

X. T^NITIDE^. Presl.
XXXVIII. NOTHOL^NA. R. BR. (3 Species.)

128. NotholcBna EcUoniana. Kze. Frond 2-pinnato-
pinnatifid, lanceolate, hoary above, clothed beneath with
rufous shaggy scales; pinncB opposite, 3 -angular-ovate ; pin-
nules oblong, the lowermost bent downwards, and as well as
the middle ones deeply incised ; segments ovate-oblong,
blunt ; the uppermost entire, confluent. Caudex short, ascen-
ding, paleaceous. Kze. Linngea, vol. 10, p. 501.

In the mountains of Uitenhage, Beaufort, Kat River, Kafl*raria
and Natal. (Eckl. & Zeyher, Krebs, Drege, Dr Rubidge) ; and
on hills along the Orange River, and Gamohana range, Griqua-
land. (Mr. Robt. Moffatt.) v, s.

* 129. NotholcEna Bawsoni. Pappe. (N. sp.) Froyzc? pinnate,
linear oblong, stout, coriaceous, about 6-7 inches long, dark
green, somewhat rough on the upper surface, covered beneath
with thick ferruginous or white shaggy filt ; pinnce alternate.

4^

remote, short, p'lnnatifid ; upper ones sessile, lowermost oppo-
site, smaller, shortly petioled ; segments ovate, rounded.
Stipitcs aggregate, flexuose, black-purple, shining, clothed with
fugacious shag. Caudex creeping, densely surrounded by
linear- acute, margined scales.

On hills between Spectakel and Komaggas, Namaqualand. (Rev.
H. Whitehead, July, 1856.) v. s.

130. NotholcEiia incequalis. Kze. Frond ovate-oblong,
bluntly acuminate, coriaceous, stiff, hairy on the ujjper sur-
face, clothed with thick rufous shag at the underside, 'l-pin-
nate at base, simple above, confluent at the a})ex ; pinncR
opposite or alternate, remote, patent, unequally sided; lower
ones stalked, almost 3-angular-oblong, subt'alcate obtuse ;
pinnules sinuate, the lowermost bent downwards, inciso-pin-
natifid, elongated ; sort concealed under the shag. Stipes and
the stout 7'ac/iises ^Qxuose, ebenous, hairy. Rhizome hoi izontal,
densely scaly. Kze. Suppl. to iSchkuhr. Filic, p. 146, tab.
64, fig. 1.

In the fissures of rocks in the Magalisberg. (Zeyher) v. s.

XXXIX. PTEROPSis. DESV. (1 Species.)

131. Pteropsis angustifoUa. Desv. F/-07zc?5 fascicled, linear-
lanceolate, erect, simple, perfectly entire, coriaceous, smooth,
tapering towards the base into a short stipes; sari marginal.
Rhizome round, covered with linear ferruginous scales. Fteris
angustifoUa. Sw.

Between rocks on the mountains near Genadendal. (Rev. C.
R. Kolbing.) v. s.

XL ACKOSTICHACE^. Presl.

XL. STENOCHL^^NA. J. SMITH. (1 Species.)
* 132. Stenochlccna Meyeriana. Nob. Frowns oblong, lan-
ceolate ; sterile frond pinnate, pinncB alternate, lanceolate,
acuminate, smooth, glossy, very veiny, twice and irregularly
serrate; ribs furrowed on the upper side ; fertile frond 2-pin-
nate ; pinnce alternate, pinnules linear, sub-recurved at the
apex, rather obtuse ; partial rachises slender, flexuose. Caudex
bent, angular, rough, climbing. Lomaria Meyeriana, Kze.
Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 509.

Climbing up large trees in damp ravines near the coast of Natal.
(Drege, Plant, Gueinzius.) v. s.

44

XLI. OLPERSIA. RADDI. (2 SpecicS.)

133. Olfersia angustata. Presl. Frond oblong, blunt,
smooth, tapering down into a long stipes ; fertile one longer
and narrower. Caudex creeping, clothed with broad fulvous
scales. Acrostichum angustatum, Schr. Schlecht. Adumb.,
p. 14, tab. 5.

In clefts of rocks on the east side of Table Mountain, at Hotten-
tot's Holland, Caledon, Swellendam, George, &c. v. v, and s.

134. Olfersia conf or mis. Presl. FroTzc? oblong, acute, glab-
rous on the upper, paler and slightly scaly on the under
surface, tapering down into a stalk, entire; fertile one some-
what longer. Caudex creeping, paleaceous. Acrostichum
conforme. Sw.

On the face of rocks on Table Mountain, at Caledon, Swellen-
dam, in Albany, &c. v. s.

XLII. ACROSTICHUM. LIN. (1 SpecicS.)

135. Acrostichum incequale. Willd. Frond pinnate, coria-
ceous, smooth ; pinnce alternate, lanceolate-oblong, quite
entire, unequally wedge-shaped at base ; all of them blunt,
terminated by a hard short point. Willd. Enum. Plant, vol. 5,
p. 117.

In marshy soil near the Natal coast. (Dr. F Krauss, Plant.)

V. 8.

XII. HYMENOPHYLLE^. Endl.

XLIII. HYMENOPHYLLUM. SM. (2 SpecieS.)

136. Hymenophyllum tunbridgense. Sw. Fronds pinnate,
small, tender, quite smooth ; pinncB distichous, pinnatifid ;
segments linear, truncate, entire or 2-fid, and as well as the
supra-axillary, solitary, compressed involucres, spinuloso-ser-
rate ; the v«Zv^5 semi-orbicular; r«c^z5 winged above. Stipes
filiform procumbent. Hook, Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 95.
Schkuhr's Filic, tab. 135. d.

In shady, moist places between rocks on Table Mountain, at
Hottentot's Holland, &c. v. v. and 5.

137. Hymenophyllum rarum. R. Br. Fronds pinnate,
flaccid, decompound, linear oblong ; pinncB pinnatifidly incised;
segments entire, obtuse, erect ; involucres rhomboid, wedge-
shaped at their lower half, the upper forming two semicir-
cular entire compressed valves. Stipes slender. Hook. Spec.

45

Filic, vol. 1, p. 101. R. Br. Prodrom, Flor. Nov. Holland,
p. 159. H. fumarioides. Bory. Schlecht, p. oQ.

In the same localifies with the former, also in Blockhousekloof,
Graham's Town. (Dr. Atherstone.) v. s.

XLIV. TRICHOMANES. LIN. (3 Species.)

138. Trichomanes Filicula. Bory. Frorzc?5 pinnate, smooth,
opaque, ovate-lanceolate ; pinncB 2-3-fid ; segments linear,
blunt, retuse, entire ; involucres solitary, supra-axillary, cylin-
drical 2-lipped, tapering at the base, immersed or winged at
the sides. Stipes short, compressed, margined at its upper
portion ; caudex creeping, clothed with dense black down.
Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 124. Trichomanes melanotrichum.
Schlecht. Adumb., p. 5Q. Hymenophyllum alatum. Schkuhr.
Icon. Filic, tab., 13c. b.

On the trunks of old forest trees, near Genadendal, Plettenbero-'s
Bay, Graham's Town, &c.; also in Kaffraria. v, s.

139. Trichomanes pyxidiferum. Lin. -Fro/icZ 2-3-pinnatifid
oblong-ovate, pellucid, membranaceous, not margined, some-
what glossy ; segments linear, smooth, entire or emarginate at
the apex ; involucres solitary, axillary, immersed, sub-cylin-
drical ; receptacles very long, filiform, much exserted. Stipes
winged above or rarely naked. Hook. Sp. Filic, vol. 1,
p, 124.

On trees at Natal. (Plant.)

140. Trichomanes rigidum. Sw. Frond 2-pinnate, ovate,
acuminate, rigid ; pinnules linear-lanceolate, cuneate, sub-
2-pinnatifid ; the ultimate segments sub-acute, simple or 2-fid;
rachis wingless, or very narrowly margined ; involucres supra-
axillary, sub-urceolato cylindrical, free; the mouth entire.
Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 133.

Between fissures of rocks in shady places at Natal. (Drege.)
XIII. SCHIZAEACE^. Mart.
XLV. scHiz^A. SM. (2 Specics.)

141. Schizcea pectinata. Sm. Fr6»?2^5 c^espitose, simple , fili
form, channelled, stiff, leafless, smooth, bearing on their summit
pectinate spikes, composed of fifteen one-sided pairs of appen-
dao-es bearino^ the fructification. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 136.

In sandy soil on the Cape flats, on the summit of Table Moun-
tain, and in many more places within the colony, v. v. and s.

46

142. Schizcea tenella, Kaulf. Fronds simple, linear, slen-
der, filiform, compressed, terminated by sub-erect spikes, con-
taining eight pairs of fruit- bearing appendages. Kaulf. Enum.
rilic.,V50, tab. l,f. 7.

Between rocks on the mountains of Hottentot's Holland. (Cha-
misso, Zeyher) ; in similar places near Genadendal. (Rev. C. R.
Kolbing.) V. s.

XLVI. ANEMIA. SW. (1 Specics.)

143. Anemia Dregeana. Kze. Sterile fronds pinnate,
linear-oblong, membranaceous, jnmKE nearly sessile, obliquely-
ovate, blunt, somewhat auricled, wedge-shaped at base,
slightly notched at the margin, smooth and glossy anove,
strigose along the veins below; fertile frond 3-partite, 2 of
its partitions fruit- bearing, 3-pinnate; the third sterile one
pinnate. Stipes and rachises hairy ; caudex creeping, shaggy.
Kze. Linnaja, vol. 10, p. 493. Suppl. to Schkuhr., tab. 20.
Hook. Icon. Plant, vol. 3, tab. 236,

In moist shady places amongst rocks in the forests of Natal.
(Drege, Gueinzius.) c. s,

XLVii. MOHRIA. SW. (1 Spccies.)

144. Mohria tliurifraga, Sw. Fronds 2-pinnate, coriace-
ous, covered beneath with chaffy scales; pinnce alternate,
stalked ; pinnules ovate; the upper fruit-bearing ones crenate;
the barren ones detply incised. Caudex creeping, paleaceous.
Adiantum cuffrorum. Thbg.

Common on the mountains of the Cape Colony, Kaffraria, and
Natal. V. V. and s.

This fern, when bruised, is fragrant, and smells of Benzoin or
Olihanum. In some pni-ts of the colony, the dry fronds are pul-
verised, and with fat made into an ointment, which is cooling and
serviceable in burns and scalds. The vernacular name of this
plant is J3rand-boscIi/es,

XIV. OSMUNDACE^. R. BR.
XLViii. OSMUNDA. SW. (I Spccies.)

145. Osmunda regalis. Lin. Fronds 2-pinnate, smooth ;
pinnce stalked, alternate, oblong-ovate, many-yoked ; piniiules
shortly petioled, unequally sided, and more or less auricled at
base, oblong, slightly notched, blunt ; fertile panicle 2-pinnate,

47

placed at the extremity of the frond. Schkuhr. Icon. Filic,
tab. 145.

On a cataract between the Omzamcaba and Omzamvoobo Rivers
Natal. (Drege.)

Var. Spectahilis, Kze. Sterile pinnules elongated, thicker,
obliquely truncate and inciso-crenate at base. Osmunda spec-
tabilis, Willd. Spec. Plantar, vol. 5, p. 98.

In shady places near rivulets, in the mountains of Hottentot's
Holland, Swellendam, Tulbagh, Uitenhage, &c. (Eckl. & Zeyh.),
at Natal. (Drege.) v. s

XLIX. TODEA. WILLD. (1 SpecieS.)

146. Todea africana. Willd. Fronds 2-pinnate, oblong,
erect, smooth, coriaceous 5-6-feet high ; pinnce opposite,
shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, many-yoked, patent, the
upper and lower ones being smaller by degrees ; pinnules alter-
nate, linear-lanceolate, cohering at base, blunt, crenate-serrate.
Stipes quadrangular, smooth. Osmunda barbara. Thb. Schkuhr.
Icon. Filic, tab. 147.

In shady localities near rivulets, common all over the Cape
colony and Natal, v. v. and s.

XV. MAEATTIACE^. Sw.

L. MARAT TI A. SW. (1 SpecicS.)

147. Marattia salicifolia. Schrad. Fronds 2-pinnate, sub-
coriaceous ; pinncB oblong-lanceolate, alternate or opposite,
stalked, patent, erect, acuminated ; pinnules subsessile, lan-
ceolate, cuneate at base, sharp pointed, acutely inflexo serrate,
the terminal larger one often pinnatifid or lobed ; partial
rachises margined or winged in the upper portion, smooth.
^j/Tzc/zyz^ elliptical, remote from the edge and from one another.
Caudex short, creeping, paleaceous. Schlecht. Adumb. p. 11.
Kunze Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 488. Suppl. to Schkuhr. Icon.,
p. 79, tab. 38.

In the forests of the Tzitsikamma and Natal. (Drege, Guein-
zius, &c.) V. s.

XVI. OPHIOGLOSSE^. R. Br.

LI. OPHIOGLOSSUM. LIN. (4 SpCcics.)

148. Ophioglossiim nudicaule. Lin. fil. Fro«^ sessile, ellip-
tical or lanceolate-ovate, sheathing, mucronate, reticulated,

48

placed near the middle of the scape. Scape short, slender
3-4-inches high, terminated by the linear, acuminated spike
which bears the fructification ; rhizome fibrous. O lusitanicum,
Thbg. Flor. Cap O capense. Schlecht Adumb. p. 9. tab.
1, fig. 2. Kunze Suppl. to Schkuhr. Filic, p. ')9, tab. 29,
fig. 3.

On grassy hills and at ditches near the Olifant's River (Mundt),
at Gamka River and between the Bushmen's and Koega Rivers,
(Eckl. & Zeyher.) v, s.

149. Ophioglossum Bergianum. Schlecht. Scape slender,
\^-2 inches high, naked ; i^adical leaves linear, narrow ; spike
cylindrical, pointed; rhizome fascicled. Schlecht. Adumb.,
p. 10. Hook. Icon. Plant, vol. 3, tab. 263.

Amongst grasses at the base of Lion's Mountain. (Bergius Har-
vey, W. C. Faure)j in turf near Kuil's River (June, 1845, Pappe.)
V. V, and s.

150. Ophioglossum reticulatum. Lin. Spike arising from
the stem; frond cordate-ovate, acute, loosely reticulated.
Willd. Enum. Plant, p. 60.

Between grasses near the Umlaas River, Natal. (Dr. Krauss.)

151. Ophioglossum costatum. R. Br. Spike arising from
the stem ; frond lanceolate-oblong, one-nerved, reticulated.
R. Br. Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holland., p. 163.

Found somewhere in the colony by Capt. Carmichael ; special
locality unknown. (Tulbagh ?)

XVII. LYCOPODIACE^. D. C.

Liii. LYCOPODiUM. LIN. (9 Specics.)

152. Lycopodium carolinianum. Lin. Leaves lanceolate,
sub-falcate, acuminate, one-sided ; stalks erect, elongated,
bearing one solitary cylindrical spike ; bracts auricled, sub-
cordate, patent, pointed. Stem creeping, branchy. X. repens,
Schlecht, p. 5, tab. 14.

In wet sandy soil on the Lion's Mountain (Rev. Hesse) ; in
Attaquaskloof, Swellendam (Mundt.); at Hottentot's Holland,
and Montagu's Pass (Eckl. & Zeyher.) v, s.

153. Lycopodium cernuum. Lin. Leaves awl-shaped, scat-
tered, curved ; terminal spikes sessile, nodding ; bracts ovate,

49

acuminate-subulate, appressed, membranaceous ; serrato-cili-
ate. Stem very branchy. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 5.

Near the hot springs of the Goudine (Mundt), near Klip River,
Swellendam, and ai Natal. (Dr. Krauss.) v. s.

154. Lycopodium pygmceum, Kaulf. Annual. Leaves scat-
tered, sessile, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, squarrose ; spikes
terminal, oblong, sessile, solitary ; bracts ovate, acuminated.
Stem erect, simple, or rarely branched. Kaulf. Enum., Filic,
p. 9. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 6., tab. 3.

Between grasses on the Lion's Rump, in the mountains of
Hottentot's Holland, and in Grootvadersbosch, Swellendam. v. v.
and s.

155. Lycopodium gnidioides. Sw. Leaves sessile, subcor-
iaceous, imbricated, oblong-obtuse, quite entire ; spikes long,
hexagonal, confluent ; bracts ovate, leaf like, slightly acumi-
nated. Stem dichotomous, leafy. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 7,
tab. 2.

Upon the trunks of forest trees in the division of George
(Bergius., Mundt.) ; in Blockhouse Kloof, near Graham's Town
(Dr. Atberstone) ; at Natal (Gueinzius.) v. s.

Var. pinifolia. Leaves densely imbricated, coriaceous, de-
current, glossy ; spikes two inches long, sessile, standing in
pairs ; branches dichotomous, fastigiate, curved at the apex ;
bracts keeled. Stem erect, 10-12 inches high. Lycopodium
pinifolium. Kaulf. Enum., p. 7.

In the fissures of rocks on the summit of Table Mountain
(Bergius., Chamisso, Zeyher, etc.) v. v. and s.

156. Lycopodium clavatum. Lin. Leaves nerveless, squar-
rose, incurved, hair-pointed ; spikes in pairs, cylindrical,
stalked ; their bracts or scales ovate-acuminate, eroso-dentate.
Stem creeping, long; branches ascending. Willd. Enum.
Plant., vol. 5, p. 16. Schkuhr. Icon. Filic., tab. 162.

In damp, shady places on the mountains of Hottentot's Holland,
and near Bethel, KafFraria (Zeyher ) v. s.

157. Lycopodium verticillatum. Lin. Leaves whorled,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, patent, quite entire, smooth.
Stem dichotomous or twice 2-partite ; capsules axillary. Willd.
Sp. Plant., vol. 5, p. 48.

In shady localities in Makazan's country, Natal. (Plant.)

50

158. Lycopodium rupestre. Lin. Leaves scattered, imbri-
cated, linear-lanceolate, ciliate, hair-pointed at the apex ;
spikes solitary, sessile, terminal, erect, quadrangular , scales
keeled, 2-lobed at base ; capsules kidney -shaped. Stem creep-
ino', branchy. Willd. Enum. Plant., vol. 5, p. 30. Schkuhr.
Icon. Fillc, tab. 165.

Between rocks on the banks of the Omzamcaba River, Natal.
(Drege. Plant ) v. s.

159. Lycopodium setaceum. Hamilt. Leaves whorled,
linear, bristly at top, curved; capsules axillary, reniform.
Stem slender, dichotomously branched, creeping. Kze. Lin-
nasa., vol. 18, p. 113

Parasitical on trees in the forests of Natal, between the Omfondi
and Togela rivers. (Gueinzius.) v. s.

160. Lycopodium Kraussianum, Kze. L^eaves remote,
oblong, acuminated, obliquely cordate and auriclcd at base,
scabrid, margined, ciliated ; stipules sub-erect lanceolate- ovate,
falcate, rounded at base. Stem creeping, branchy ; branches
rather erect, dichotomous. Kze, Linn^a., vol. 18, p. 114.

In the forests of the Tzitsikamma (Dr. Krauss.), near Chakaa's
Kraal, Natal (Gueinzius.) v s,

Liv. PSiLOTUM. sw. (1 Species.)

161. Psilotum triqiiefrum. Sw. Stern angular, smooth,
dichotomously branched about its middle ; branches 3-cor-
nered, acuminate, fructiferous ; leaves sessile, alternate, re-
mote, acute, very remote ; those subtending the fruit deeply
2-partite ; spores kidney-shaped. Bernhardia dichotoma,
Willd. Schkuhr., Icon. Filic, tab. 165, b. Hook, genera
Filic. tab. 87.

Parasitical on trees in the forests of Natal. (Gueinzius.) o. s.

51

APPENDIX.

DOUBTFUL AND DISCARDED SPECIES.

1. Aspidium (Poly stichum?) stramineum. Kaulf. Fromh
2-pIiinate ; piniKe oblong-trapeziform, mucronate, serrate,
auricled at base, rather hairy below ; sori scattered, placed
near the maro;in ; rachis and stipes very scaly. K. Sprengd,
in Linn. Syst. Veget., vol. 4, p. 105.

2. Aspidiuni (Lastrea ?) oppositum. Kaulf. Fronds .3-pin-
nate or supra-decompound, lower pinnm opposite, 2-pinnatifid,
smooth ; their pinnules one-sided, oblong-lanceolate, decur-
rent, confluent at base ; tertiary inferior pinnce ovate-oblong,
entire ; terminal ones rather acute, sub-dentate. Sori solitary ;
rachis sparingly scaly. Sprengel. 1. c, p. 108.

3. Asplenium flexuosum. Schrad. Fronds pinnate ; pinnce
ovate-lanceolate, acute, pinnatifid ; segments lanceolate-cu-
neate, truncate, 2-dentate at the apex ; loioer ones deeper
incised; uppermost confluent; rachis flexuose, glabrous.
Schlecht. Adumb., p. 29. (A. discolor. Nob. ?)

Locality not recoi-ded. (Rev. Mr. Hesse.)

4. Pteris cuspidata. Thbg. Fronds pinnate, smooth ;
pinncB alternate on very short stalks, lanceolate, cuspidate,
serrate, straight-veined. Stipes half-round, doubly channelled,
glabrous, 12 inches high. Thbg. Flor. Cap., p. 732.

5. Pteris tabularis. Thbg. Fronds pinnate, glabrous ;
pinnce alternate, sessile, approximate, lanceolate, veiny ; lower
ones short; terminal pinnoi 3-5 fid. Stipes half-round, chan-
nelled, smooth. Caudex clothed with long ferruginous scales.
Thbg. Flor. Cap., p. 732.

In moist places on Table Mountain. (Thunberg.)

6. Pteris (Allosorus?) involuta. Sw. Fronds 2-pinnate,
oblong-lanceolate; pinnae opposite, oblong, short; pinnules
alternate, adnate, subcordate-ovate, blunt; terminal one
3-lobed or hastate, all of them entire, subinvolute, glabrous.
Fructification marginal, continuous. Stipes round, black-
purple, glossy, sparingly paleaceous. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 46.

1

52

7. Onychium cupense. Kaulf. This Fern had been mis-
taken for a South African plant by former botanists. It is,
in fact, a native of Japan, and described as Trichomanes ja-^
ponicum by Thunberg. Onychium japonicum. Kze.

8. Dicksonia anthrisdfolia. Kaulf. Fronds S-pinnate^
ample spreading ; pinncB ovate-oblong, pinnatifid nearly to
the costa ; segments oval-oblong, obtuse, dentate, soriferous in
the axils of the teeth ; racJiis glabrous ; costa and veins slightly
hairy. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 79, tab. 27 P.. Kze.
Linnoea., vol. 10, p. 6A5. Cheilanthes anthrisdfolia (Willd?)
Loncldtis anthrisdfolia. Bory. (Perhaps identical with Hy-
polepis anthrisdfolia. Presl.)

Locality unknown. (Bergius.)

9. Adiantum thalictroides. Willd. Fronds 3-4-pinnate ;
upper pinnules stalked, semi-orbicular, cuneate-subtruncate,
slightly lobed ; lobes emarginate, soriferous ; involucres kid-
ney-shaped. Stipes roundish, smooth, black-purple, glossy.
Schlecht. Adumb., p. 53. (Probably a variety of A. cathi-
opicum. Lin.)

On the north side of Table Mountain. (Bergius.)

10. Adiantum rotundatum. Kze. Fronds pinnate, linear-
lanceolate, smooth ; pinncB alternate, stalked, approximate,
transversely-oblong, subfalcate, blunt ; terminal ones small,
obovate, truncate at base ; upper edge and apex inciso-lobate ;
lobes obtuse, toothed at the top ; fertile ones incised ; involucres
large, reniform; the base of the glabrous stipes and the
rachis chaffy. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 2, p. 53, Kze, Lin-
n^ea, vol. 10, p. 528.

Locality unknown.

11. Polypodium argentatum. Jacq. Frond 2-pinnatifid,
smooth, silvery at the underside ; pinnce alternate, lanceolate,
pinnate at the base ; segments lance-shaped, subdentate,
elongated. Sori clustered in the middle of the disk. SprengeL
Lin. System Vegetab., vol. 4, p. 56.

12. Polypodium. tomentosum. Thouars. Fronds 2-pinnatifid
and, as well as the stipes, shaggy ; pinnce alternate, lanceolate ;
lobes oval, blunt, subcrenate. Sori in one single row on each
side of the midrib. Spreng. 1. c, p. 59. (Could this be
Polypodium Bergianum, Schlecht?)

53

13. Vittaria (Ta3nitis?) acrostichoides. Hook, and Grev.,
Fronds stipitate, coriaceous, lanceolate, blunt ; fertile ones
linear. Sori submarginal. Hook, and Grev. Icon. Filic,
tab. 186. Kunze Linn., vol. 10, p. 528. {Pteropsis anyus-
tifolia. Desv. ?)

Found somewhere in the colony ; locality however, unknown.
(Rev. Mr. Thorn, Caledon ?)

14. Hymenophyllum Jlabellatum. Labil. Fronds flaccid,
curved, ovate or oblong, acuminate, pinnate ; pinrKE sliarj)-
pointed, pinnatifid ; the lower segments subflabellate, all of
them blunt or emarginate. Involucres terminal, nearly orbi-
cular ; valves entire. Stipes round, smooth. Hook. Spec.
Filic, vol. 1, p. 111. Kaulfuss in Linna3a., vol. 6, p. 187.

15. Lycoyodium ainhiyuum. Schrad. Leaves arranged in
6 or 8 row^s, scattered, linear-lanceolate, subfalcatc, acute,
quite entire, imbricated, patent. Stems simple, ascending
from the base. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 8.

Habitat not known. (Rev. Mr. Hesse.)

16. Ly cop odium depressum, Sw. Stem branchy; branches
very short ; leaves in a double row, alternate, ovate, acute,
obsoletely toothed, patent : stipules leaflike, ciliated. Spikes
sessile, leafy, oblong. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 8. Spreng. Liu.
Syst. Yeget. vok 4, p. 1 7.

In conclusion, we have to notice a very singular plant,
which, for some time, had been mistaken for a Fern. We
allude to the Lomaria eriopus of Kunze., mentioned in the
Linna^a., vol. 13, p. 152, and vol. 18, p. 116. It does not
belong, however, to the Filical tribe, but to the natural order
of Cycadece, and has been named by Mr. Moore in honour of
the late Dr. Stanger, Surveyor-General of Natal. CI".
H ooker's Jour, of Bot., and Kew Gard. Miscellany, v. 5, p. 228.

Stanyeria paradoxa. T. jMoorc. (1. c.) Stem simple, erect,
6-8 inches high, without scars. Frond single, pinnate, cori-
aceous- Stipes stiff, smooth, 2 feet long, sprinkled with
numerous minute dots, and clothed with white .>^hag at its
lower extremity. Pinna', opposite, sessile, lanceolate, niar-
ginate, very veiny, obtuse, unequal at base and dccurrent on
the inferior side; lowermost pinnce subpctiolatc, patent, all <»(

54

them slightly waved, reflexed, aod obsoletely toothed at the
edges ; midrib stout, rigid, prominent on both surfaces ; veins
divergent, parallel, forked once or twice near the costa.
Rachis doubly channelled at the upper extremity.

Flowers unisexual, without either calyx or corolla, and col-
lected in stalked, terminal, resiniferous cones ; peduncle round,
furrowed, spirally twisted, tomentose. Male cone 3| inches
long and two inches thick, formed of numerous imbricated,
rigid scales which bear on their lower or inner side innu-
merable, irregularly grouped anthers or one-celled pollen-cells
which are longitudinally split. Scales broad, 3-angular, con-
nate and appressed at base, blunt, serrato-crenate at the
margin, smooth on the inner, densely clothed with thick
fulvous felt on the outer surface.

Female cone oblong-ovate, broad, 3 inches long, 4 inches in
circumference. Scales like those of the male plant, but larger^
concave wdthin, saccate, and perforated on each side of the base
by a small roundish aperture or sinus, which is destined for
the insertion of the ovules. Eipe fruit hitherto unknown.*

* The description of the female cone was drawn from an immature spe-
cimen. •' I find it impossible," says Mr, Plant (who sent it from Natal) " to
preserve the female cones if suffered to reach a larger size on the plant.
The process of ripening goes on till tlie whole falls to pieces."

INDEX

PAGE

1'

VOE

Acropteris radiata, Lin.

16

Asplenium Dregeanum, Kze.

22

Acrostichura angustatuni, Schr.

44

„ ebeneum. Ait.

19

„ conforme, Sw.

44

„ erectum, Bory. ..

18

„ insequale, Willd.

44

„ fimbriatum, Kze.

20

Adiantura sethiopicuin ; Lin.

33

„ flexuosum, Schrad.

51

„ auriculatum, Thhg.

31

,. furcatum, Thbg.

20

Caffrorum, Tlibg. '

46

„ geraraiferum, Schrad.

17

,. capense, Thbg. ..

33

„ gracile

22

„ capillus Veneris, Lin.

32

„ lobatum

22

„ pteroides, Lin.

33

„ lucidum, Schleclit.

I7

„ radiatum, Koenig

16

„ lunulatum, Sw. ..

H)

„ rotundatum, Kze.

52

„ monanthemum, Sniitl

.19

thalictroides, Willd.

52

Odontites, R. Br.

23

AUosorus andromedsefoliuSjKaulf. 31

„ polymorphum, Eckl.

„ aquilinus, Presl. ,.

32

and Zeyh.

19

„ auriculatus, Presl.

31

„ prsemorsum, Sw.

20

" calomelanos, Presl.

30

„ Prionites, Kze.

17

„ capensis, Presl.

32

„ protensum, Schrad.

18

„ consobrinus

31

„ rutaefoliura, Kze.

23

„ coriifolius

31

„ Ruta muraria. ..

20

„ liastatus, Presl.

30

solidum, Kze,

21

„ robustus, Kze.

32

„ splendens, Kze. ..

21

Alsopliila capensis, I. Smith.

11

„ stans, Kze.

23

Araphocosmia riparia, Gard.

12

„ Thunbergii, Kze.

22

Anemia Dregeana, Kze.

46

„ Trichomanes, Lin.

19

Aspidium angulare, Kit.

15

„ Zeyheri

18

,, articnlatum, Sw.

14

Athyrium laxum.

16

, atharaanticum, Kze.

13

, catopteron, Kze. ..

12

Bernhardia dichotoma, Willd.

50

coriaceum, Sw.

15

Blechnum Atherstoni.

16

Ecldouii, Kze.

14

„ australe. Lin.

29

falcatum, Sw.

15

„ bore ale, Lin.

29

, fragile, Sw.

16

„ Boryanum, Schleclit.

27

, inaequale, Schleclit.

13

capense, Schlecht.

27

, luctuosura, Kze. ..

15

„ heterophyllum, Schlec

. 28

, oppositum, Kaulf.

51

punctulatum, Sw.

29

, patens, Sw.

12

radiatum, Presl.

16

, pungens, Kaulf ..

14

, spinulosum, Sw. ..

13

Cajnoptcris auriculata, Thbg.

22

, stramineum, Kaulf

51

„ furcata, Berg.

23

, Thelypteris, Sw. ..

12

. „ Odontites, Thbg.

23

Aspl

enium Adiantum nigrum, Lin 2 1

,, rutffifolia, Berg. ..

23

anisophyllum, Kze.

18

Camiiteria biaurita. Hook. ..

29

aspidioides, Schleclit,

21

„ Rottleriana, Presl.

30

, argutum, Bory. ..

21

Cetcrach cai)cnsis, Kze.

23

, brachyotus, K-zc.

18

„ cordata, Kze.

24

cuneatum. Lam. ..

20

officinarum, Willd.

23

dcntatum, Lin. ..

i!»

Chcilanthcs anthriscifolia, Willd.

37

discolor

17

asjicra, Kault. ..

3fi

56

PAGE

Cheilanthes Atlierstoni, Hook.

37

„ auriculata. Link.

31

„ Bergiana, Schlecht.

34

„ capensis, Sw.

33

„ commutata, Kze.

37

„ cornuta, Kze.

36

„ deltoidea, Kze. ..

36

„ data, Kze.

34

„ firma, Moore. ..

37

„ glandulosa.

35

„ hastata, Kze.

30

„ hirta, Sw.

34

„ induta, Kze.

36

„ linearis, Moore.

37

„ multifida, Sw. ..

33

„ parviloba, Sw. ..

35

„ profusa, Kze.

36

„ pteroides, Sw. ..

33

„ refracta, ..

34

„ sparsisora, Schrad.

37

„ triangula, Kze. ..

34

Cryptogramma robusta.

32

Cyathea Burkei, Hook.

11

„ Dregei, Kze ..

11

Cyrtomium falcatum, Presl.

15

Cystopteris fragilis, Beruh. .,

16

Hypolei)is authriscifolia, Presl.
„ aspera, Presl.
„ Bergiana, Hook. ..
„ capensis. Hook. ..
„ elata, Hook.

PAGE

37

34
33
34

Darea auriculata, Willd. .. 22

„ rutsefolia, AVilld. .. 23

„ stans, Bory. .. .. 23

Davallia campy loptera, Kze. 25

„ concinna, Schrad. ., 25

„ nitidula, Kze. .. 24

„ polypodioides, Don. 24

Dicksonia anthriscifolia, Kaulf. 52

Didymochlagna dimidiata, Kze. 15

Gleiclienia argentea, Kaulf. 10

„ polypodioides, Sw. 10

Goniopteris silvatica .. .. 39

Grammitis leptophylla, Sw. .. 42
„ totta, Presl. .. 41

Gymnogramma conspersa, Kze. 41
„ cordata, Schlecht. 24

„ leptophylla, Desv. 42

„ namaquensis. 42

„ totta, Sclilecht. .41

„ unita, Kze. 39

Hemitelia capensis, R. Br. 12

Hymenophyllum alatum Schk. 45
„ flabellatum, Labil. 53

„ fumarioides, Bory 45

„ raruni, R. Br. 44

„ tunbridgensc, Sw. 44

Lastrea athamantica 13

„ Catoptera 12

„ insequalis, Presl. .. 12

„ patens, Presl. .. 12

„ pentagona, Moore. .. 13

„ Plantii. Moore. .. 13

„ spinulosa, Presl. .. 13

„ Thelypteris, Presl. .. 12

Lindssea ensifolia, Sw 25

„ membranacea, Kze. .. 25

Lomaria attenuata. Willd, .. 28

„ Boryana, Willd. .. 27

„ capensis, Willd. .. 27

„ cinnamomea, Kaulf. 27

„ coriacea, Schrad. .. 27

„ cycadoides .. .. 28

„ Dalgairnsias 27

„ decipiens .. .. 29

„ densa, Kaulf. .. .. 29

„ eriopus, Kze 53

„ gigantea, Kaulf. .. 28

„ liamata, Kaulf. .. 28

„ heterophylla. Desv. 27

„ inflexa, Kze 28

„ Meyeriana, Kze .. 43

„ pumila, Kaulf, .. 29

„ punctulata, Kze. .. 28

„ Spicant. Desv. .. 29

Lonchitis glabra, Sw 38

„ natalensis, Hook. .. 38

Lycopodium ambiguum, Schrad. 53

„ carolinianum, Lin. 48

„ cernuum, Lin. .. 48

„ clavatum, Lin. .. 49

' „ depressum, Sw. 53

„ gnidioides, Sw. .. 49

„ Kraussianum, Kze. 50

„ pinifolium, Kaulf. 49

„ pygmjeum, Kaulf 49

„ repens, Schlecht, 48

„ rupestre, Lin. .. 50

„ setaceum, Hamilt, 50

„ verticillatura, Lin, 49

Marattia salicifolia, Schrad. 47

Marginuria ensiformis, Presl. 39

Mertcnsia unibraculifera, Kze. 10

Microlepia polypodioides, PresL 24

Mohria thurifraga, Sw. ,. 46

57

PAGE

Neplirodium Ecklonianum, .. 14

„ Plantianum .. 14

Niphobolus africamis, Kze. .. 41

Notholajna capensis, A, Spreng, 35

„ Eckloniana, Kze. 42

„ inaequalis, Kze. .. 43

„ Rawsoni, ,. .. 42

Oleandra articulata, Presl. .. 13

Olfersia augustata, Presl. ,. 44

„ conformis, Presl. .. 44

On_ychium capense, Kaiilf. .. .52
OpiiioglossuDi Bergianum,

Schiecht. 48

Ophioglossum capense, Schiecht. 48

„ costatum, K. Br. 48

„ lusitanicum, Thbg. 48

„ nudicaule, Lin. fil. 47

„ reticulatum, Lin. 48

Osmunda barbara, Thbg. .. 47

„ regalis, Lin. .. 46

„ spectabilis, Willd. 47

Phymatodes elongata, Presl, 41

,, irioides, Presl. 40

„ vulgaris, Presl. 40

Pleopeltis lepidota, Presl. .. 40

„ lycopodioides, Presl. 40

Polypodium adspersura, Schrad. 40

„ argentatum, Jacq. 52
„ Bergianum, Schiecht. 39

„ Ecklonis, Kze. 39

„ elongatum, Schrad. 41

„ ensiforme, Thbg. 40

„ irioides, Poir, .. 41

„ lepidotum, Schiecht. 40

„ lycopodioides, Willd. 40

„ phymatodes, Lin. 40

„ tomentosum, Thouars 52

„ Tulgare, Lin, .. 39

Polystichum angulare, Presl. 15

,, coriaceum, Schott. 15

vA<;t;

Polystichum luctuosum, 14

„ pungens, Presl. 14

Psilotum triqiietriim, S\v. .. 50

Pteris angustifolia, Sw. .. 43

„ arguta, Sw 26

„ auriculata, Thbg. .. 30

„ auriculata, Sw. .. 31

,, aquilina, Lin 32

„ biaurita Kze 26

„ Calomelanos, Sw. .. 31

,, capensis Thbg. .. 32

„ Catoptera, Kze. 20

„ consobrina, Kze. .. 31

„ coriifolia, Kze 32

„ cretica, Kze 26

„ cuspidata, Thbg. .. 51

„ flabellulata, Sw. .. 26

„ liastffifolia, Schrad, .. 30

„ hastata, Thbg. .. 31

„ hastata, Schiecht, .. 30

„ incisa, Thbg. .. 26

„ involuta, Sw. .. .. 51

„ nemoralis, Willd. .. 30

„ pedata, Willd 25

„ Serraria, Sw 26

„ tabularis, Thbg. .. 51

Pteropsis angustifolia, Desv, 43

Schizaea pectinata, Sm, .. 45

„ tenella, Kaulf. .. 46

Schizoloma ensifolium, I. Smith, 25

Scolopendrium Krebsii, Kze, 24

Stenochlaena Meyeriana, .. 43

Todea africana, Willd. .. 47

Trichomanes Filicula, Bory. 45

„ melanotrichum, Schiecht 45

„ pyxidiferum, Lin. 45

„ rigidum, Sw, .. 45

Vittaria acrostichoides, Hook. 53

„ lineata, Sw. .. 38

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