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A SKETCH

OP THE

BOTANY

OP

@©wi^ii«©iim©i4aim Aim ©^©mssA.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

BY STEPHEN ELLIOTT.

VOLUME I.

CUARLESTOJ^, S. C.
Published bt J. R. SCHENCK., No. 11, Broad street,

J. HOFP, »RiaTEB.

1831.

DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLIJ^A, ss;

BE IT REMEMBERED, Tliat on the twenty.
d^jN^^i^^f) first day of September, Jinno Domini one thousand
^ t eight hundred and sixteen, and in the fortieth year

^ SEAL. <. pj- jj^g Independence of the United States of America,
%,t^c^e^fi/ft STEPHEN ELLIOTT, of the said district deposited
in this office the title of a book, the right whereof he
claims as author and proprietor, in the words following, to wit:

" A Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia,
by Stephen Elliott.^'

In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States,
intitled " an Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing
the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprie-
tors of ♦uch copies during the times therein mentioned." And
also to an Act, intitled *• an Act, supplementary to an Act in-
titled an Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the
copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors
of such copies during the times therein mentioned, and extending
the benefits thereof to the arts of designing and etching Historical
and other Frints."

JAMES JERVEY,
Clerk of the District of South Carolina.

\^

From a remembrance of his extensive and profound knowledge
of the science of Botany, and of his unweared efforts to improve
the Flora of North America; from a high respect for his many
virtues, his liberal temper and exemplary character ; and for the
personal advantages derived from years of uninterrupted correspon-
dence, this VOLUME is inscribed to the memory of the late Rev.
HENRY MUHLENBERG of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE present work contains tlie result of lon^ observation on
the plants of Sonth-Carolina and Georgia. I know that it is still iin-
ptM-tect; and that an apolo^ry js due to tlte world for offeriMji; to its
notice an imperfect performance. Circumstances, however, have len-
dereil it probable that its publicatiosi.at this time, might encourage anil
promote the study of Botany in tliis country, while it has become
doubtful, whether delay would enable me to make it more complete,
or more accurate.

It has been a subject of regret in this country, for many yeais past,
that persons wishing to commence or prosecute the study of botanv,
have been deterred from the pursuit for want of books. No work has
yet appeared which exhibits a good view of the botany of the Southern
States : and those which have been published, though valuahle, and
extending, each in its turn, the knowledge of our plants, contain <>en-
erally very brief descriptions, and require constant reference to otlier
books, not only expensive, but in a great part of the United States
as yet unattainable.

I have therefore endeavored to adapt this sketch of our botany to
the situation and wants of our country. To some species, under
almost every genus, wherever the living plant, or specimens in a per-
fect state, have fallen under my inspection, I have given detailed de-
scriptions. It has been mv wish to enable persons witli tliis work
alone, to ascertain the known plants of South-Carolina and Georgia;
and with this view much has been inserted, that under other circum-
stances might, and would have been omitted. jL002jLJ-

I have subjoined, occasionally, to the description of the plants,
observations on their medical atid cecouomical uses. For the medical
observations I have been indebted to Dr. Jamhs MArBKiDE,a gentle-
man who uniting great sagacity and talent, to extensive and accurate
botanical knowledge, has made the medical properties of our plants
a subject of careful inve'<ti;ration. His particular object has been to
ascertain w>^?ii plants really possess peculiar and valuable qualities ;
not merely to am..ss without discrimination, pop'ilar receipts. The
results of his researches, I can offer with confidence to public notice.

A strong desire having been expressed by many of the subscribers
to have some en-jravings annexed to tliis work, 1 have added a few.

iv

eTideavounng to reliefer them as useful as possible. Engravings mere-
ly ornamental, were not witliin the scope of this publication. The
grasses having usually been considered bj students as forming an ob-
scure branch of botany, I have attempted to illustrate tl is department,
and propose to give, on a reduced scale, drawings and dissections of
the different "-enera of the Graniina and Cyperacefe, so as to exhibit
the habit and structure of each genus. I know not whether the
benefit will at all be proportioned to the labour and anxiety these en-
gravings have cost me, in a country where few facilities are offered
to an author; but I must bestow unqualified praise on Mr. Wood, the
en"-raver, for the zeal and the unwearied assiduity with which he has
laboured to render tliem accurate, and worthy of public approbation.
Their errors and imperfections must rest with me.

Of the books generally referred to, the following editions have been

used. ,

Genera Plantarum. Lin. Schrebers edition.

Species Plantarum, Lin. Willdenow's edition — Berlin, 1797.

Clayton's Flora Virginica. 4to edition — Leyden, 1762.

Hortus Kewensis. 2d edition.

When other editions have been used they have been particularly
noticed. Of most of the other books employed, there has been but
one impression.

To the many friends who have aided me in this work, I owe great
ohlij.'ations ; and at a future opportunity I will return tliem more
specific acknowledgments. Every page, however, of this publication,
Avill bear testimony to their zeal and kindness: for I have endeavour-
ed scrupulously to record the aid they have afforded me, and to regis-
ter their respective discoveries. I must still request, not only those
who have a' ready assisted me, but ali the lovers of this science, to
communicate any obser\ations or discoveries, which may enable me to
correct tlie errors ! have committed, or to supply the omissions which
mav occur in the course of this puidicution. Specimens of rare or
unknown plants will be at all times highly acceptable.

In a science like botany, depending on fact and observation, the
progress must necessarily be slow and grailual. It is only by the
co-operatii)ii and contributions of many individuals tl^at it can uiti-
matvdy attain any degree of perfection. The aid. therefore, which is
necessary for all, I freely solicit j and the offerings made to science^I
shall ciieutully accept.

A GLOSSARY,

CONTAINING AN EXPLANATION

of THE

TERMS MOST COMMOJVLV USED IJST BOT^J^F.

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vwvw vwvw vwvw ww%/w vw

Abortive flower (flos abortieus) falling off without producing fruit.

.Arrupt. — Applied only to pinnate leaves Avhen they have neither
leaflet (foliolum) nor tendril or clasper at the end.

AcKuosE leaf. • Linear and permanent as in the pine. (Acerosunu)

AciGULAR. Shaped like a needle. (Acicularis.)

Acuminate. Sharp pointed. (Acuminatus.)

Acinus. See Berry.

Acute; sharp. Applied to leaves and to the perianth. (Acutus.)

Aggregate flowers. Those seated on the same receptacle, or inclos^
ed in the same calyx. They are divided into umbelled, cymose, com-
pound, aggregate properly so called, where the flowers are seated
•with peduncles on a dilated receptacle, amentaceous and glumose.
(Flores aggregati.)

ALTERNATELY-piNNATEleaf : When the leaflets (foliola) are arranged
alternately on each side of the common footstalk or petiole (Alter-
natim pinnata.)

Alveolate receptacle: Divided into open cells like an honey-comb,
with a seed lodged in eacli. (Alveolatum.)

Ament. Flowers collected on chafty scales and arranged on a thread
or slender stalk ; as in the Oak, Walnut and Willow. (Amentum.)

Amplexicaule leaf: Embracing, clasping or surrounding the stem by
its base. (Folium amplexicaule.)

Ancipital stem : Two edged. Flatted or rather sharp with two op-
posite angles. (Caulis anceps.)

Androgynous plant : Bearing on the same root flowers with stamens,
and flowers with pistils, withoutany flowers having both stamens and
pistils ; such flowers are termed androgynous, also. (Androgyna.^

Anther. The sack wliich contains the Farina or pollen. (Anthera.)

Apetalous flower : A flower without petals. (Flos Apetalus.)

Appressed, pressed or squeezed close. (Appressus.)

Arborescent stem, becoming woody. (Arborescens.)

Aril. The outer coat of a seed enclosing it partially or falling ofl*
spontaneously. (Arillus.)

Avriculatk leaf: A cordate or lieart-shaped leaf, having the corners
prominent and rounded. (Folium auriculatum.)

Awn. a slender sharp process issuing froiu the glume or chaff' in
grasses. (Arista.)

Axilla. Tlie angle formed by a branch with the btem, or by a lc:*f
with the branch.

IS

3

Axillary, growing out of the angle thus formed. (Axillaris.)
Barb. A straight process ^rmed with teeth pointing backwards.

(Glochis.)
Barren flower. Not capable of bearing seed; having stamens, but

no pistil or pistils, and vice versa. (Sterilis.)
Beaked. Terminated by a process shaped like the beak of a bird,

applied to fruits. (Rostratus.)
Beard. A tuft of stiff hairs terminating leaves— in pubescence, par-
allel hairs. (Barba.)

Bell-shaped Corolla. Swelling out, without forming a tube.
(Campanulata.)

Berry. A juicy or pulpy pericarp or fruit without valves contain-
ing naked seeds, as the whortle berry. (Bacca.) Compound Berry
may be applied to Mulberry, Raspberry, Black-berry and each of
the component parts is an acinus.

Biennial root. Enduring two years and then perishing. (Biennis.)

BiFARious leaves. Coming out only on opposite sides of a branch
(Folia bifaria.)

Bifid, two cleft, or cloven. (Bifidus.)

BiGEMiNATE leaf. A decompound leaf, having a dichotomous or for-
ked petiole, with several leaflets at the end of each division. (Folium
Bigeminuro.)

BiJUGous LEAT. A pinnate leaf having two pairs of leaflets. (Fo-
lium bijugum.)

Bilabiate or two lipped Corolla. (Corolla bilabiata.)

^iLAMELLATE STIGMA. The form of q, flattened sphere longitudi-
nally bifid. (Stigma bilamellatum.)

BiLOBATE leaf. Divided into two lobes. (Bilobatum.)

BiPiNNATE leaf. When the common petiole has pinnate leaves on
each side of it. (Bipinnatum.)

BiPiNNATiFiD leaf. When the common petiole has pinnatifid leaves
on each side of it. (Bipinnatifidum.)

BiTERNATE — See Ternate.

BivALVED, or two valved, pericarp. In which the covering or seed
case splits into two parts.

Border or Brim. The upper spreading part of a monopetalous or
one petalled corolla. (Limbus.)

Brachiate stalk or stem. Having branches stretched out like arms,
in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal. (Caulis brachiatus.)

Bractea or Floral leaf. A leaf different from other leaves in
shape and colour, and often so near the corolla as to be mistaken for
the calyx. It is often seated on the peduncle.

Bracteated. Furnished with bracteas. (Bracteatus.)

Branched stalk. Furnished with lateral divisions. Opposed to sim-
ple. (Caulis ramosus.)

Branch-leaves. Leaves growing on the branches, sometimes dif-
fering from those of the stalk. (Folia ramea.)

Bright. Shining as it were illuminated. (Lucidus.)

Bristle. A species of pubescence in form of a stiff roundish hair.
(Seta.)

Bulb. — The winter receptacle of a plant, placed immediately on the
root. Bulbs are either solid, scaly, coated or jointed. (Bulbus.)

a

BuLLATE leaf. When the substance of the leaf rises hi{rh above tlit

veins so as to appear like blisters. It is only the wrinkled leaf in

the highest degree. (BuUatuin.)
Caducous. Falling oft quickly. Applied to the corolla calyx, leaf,

stipule and bractea. (Caducus.)
Calvculate calyx. A calyx having acalycle or little cup at the base

on the outside as in the common garden pink. (Calyculatus.)
Campanulate, corolla: Swelling out without forming a tube, bill*

shaped. (Campanulata.)
Calvx. — Tlie outer covering of the flower.
Canescent — See Hoary.

Capillary. Lon^ anu fine like a hair. (Capillaris and Capillaceus.)
Capitate. Growing in a head. (Capitatus.)
Capsule. A membranaceous hollow pericarp or seed-vessel opening

in some determinate manner. (Capsula.)
Carinate; keeled,
Cell. — The hollow part of a pericarp or capsule, in which the seed

are lodged. (Locuiamentum.)
Cernuous. See Drooping.

Cespitose plant. Having many stems from the same root. (Cespitosa.)
Chaff. A dry membranaceous body interposed between florets in

some plants of the class syngenesia. (Palea.)
Chafkv receptacle. In which florets are divided by interposed chaff

or scales. (Receptaculum paleaceum.)
Channilled. Hollowed above with a deep longitudinal channel or

groove and convex underneath. (Canaliculatus.)
Chinked. Applied to the outer bark of some trees. (Rimosus.)
CiLiATE leaf. The edge guarded by parallel bristles resembling

eyelashes. (Folium ciliatum.)
CiRcuMscissED CAPSULE. Opening transversely or horizontally like

a snuft-box. (Capsula circumscissa.)
Clavatk, clubshaped. Growing gradually thicker towards the top.

(Clavatus.)
Claw. — The lower narrow part of a petal in a polypetalous corolla,

by which it is fixed to the receptacle. (Unguis.)
Clawed petal. A petal with a claw. (Petalum unguiculatum.)
Clefx leaf. Divided by linear sinuses with straight mary;ins, and

according to the number of such divisions, a leaf is called bitld, trifid,

&,c. or two cleft, three cleft, &c. (Folium fissum.)
CoccuM. A fruit of a particular structure, having several cells with

a single seed in each. Thus euphorbia has a tricoccous fruit or

three grained.
Coloured leaf. Of any other colour than ffreen. (Coloratus.)
Columella. The central pillar of a capsule rwiviug the seeds affixed

ed to it all round.
Columnar. Like the shaft of a column, without angles, round.

(Columnaris.)
Complicate. Folded together. (Complicatus.)
Compound flower. See Flower.
Compressed or flattened. Applied to a stem which has two opposite

sides flat. (Comprcs^us.)

Concave leaf. When the edge is elevated above the rest of the
leaf, forming a segment of the periphery of a circle. (Concavum.)

Conglomerate flowers or peduncles. When a branching peduncle
bears flowers on very short pedicels closely heaped together without
order. (Conglomeratus.)

Conjugate leaf. A pinnate leaf which has only one pair of leaflets.
(Folium conjugatum.)

Conjugate Raceme : Having two racemes only, united by a common
peduncle.

Connate leaf When two opposite leaves are so united at theif
bases as to have the appearance of one leaf. (Connatum.)

Connivent or converging corolla. When the tips of the petals meet
so as to close the flower. (Connivens.)

Contorted Corolla. When the edge of one petal lies over the
next obliquely. (Contorta.)

Contracted panicle. Close and narrow, so as nearly to resemble a,
spike. (Contracta.)

Convex leaf. Opposed to a concave leaf. (Convexum.)

Cordate or heart-shaped leaves. (Folium cordatum.)

Cordate-oblong. A heart-shaped leaf lengthened out^* (Cordato-
oblongum.)

Cordate-Lanceolate, Cordate-Sagittate, &c. partaking of the
form of both leaves.

Coriaceous. Stiff' like leather or parchment.

Corolla. The second of the seven parts of fructification ; or, the
inner covering of the flower, formed, according to Linnaeus, of the
liber or inner bark of the plant.

It may commonly be distinguished from the perianth, by the fine-
Dcss of its texture and the gayness of its colours: whereas the pe-
rianth is usually rougher and thicker, and green. But tliere are
many exceptions; the perianth in Bartsia is coloured — the corolla
in Daphne Laureola is green. — Linnseiis makes the distinction be-
tween the corolla and jjerinnth to consist, in the former having its
' segments or petals alternate with the stamens; whereas the latter
has its parts or leaflets opposite to them. This appears from the
inspection of the classes Tetrandria and Pentandria, in flowers
which have both parts; and of Chenopodimn, Urtica, ParietariUf
which have no Corolla. See Philos. Bot. page 57, § 90.

Adanson however observes, that in the Liliaceous plants, what is
called a corolla is in reality a perianth, according to the principles
of Linnfeus. That part which is named corolla of Rhamnus, in
Lin. Gen. is called calyx in Syst. Veget. — and on the contrary, the
calvxor perianth of Polygonum in Lin. Gew.isthecorollain Syst. Veg:
To get rid of the djfiiculty, which sometimes occurs in dis-
tinguishing the Corolla from the calyx, De Necker has cut the knot,
and called them by one name, Ferigynandra ; which signifies the
envellope, cover or wrapper of the stamens and pistils; tins he dis»
tinguishcs into inner and outer, when there are two — then the first
is the corolla, and the second the perianth.

Corymb. A mode of flowering in which the peduncles or foot-stalks
of tlie flowers take their rise from dilierent heights ; but the loM'elr

9

omes being longer, they all form nearly an even surface dt top;

(Corymbus.)
Creeping root. Extending horizontally, and putting forth ril)rcs

and fjrmlucing young plants at a distance from the parent plants

(Radix repcns.)
Crenate, scolloped, or notched leaf. Havingthe edge cut uitli circular

incisures not incliniiii; toward.-, either extremity. (Koliuiu creiiiitum.)
Chested. Having an appen(la;;e like a crost or tuft. (Cristatus.)
CtrcuLLATE SpatJie or leaf. Hulled up, wide at top and open with a

pendent process. (Spatha cucullata.)
Culm. The stalk or stem of grasses, usually jointed and hollow.

(Culuius.)
Cuspidate leaf. Terminating in a sharp bristle-like point. (Cus-

pidatum.)
CvME. A mode of flowering in which the peduncles take tl'eir rise

from the same centre; but tiie subdivisions are irregular. (Cyina.)
Deciduous leaf. Falling off in autumn. Calyx or perianth: tailing

after the corolla opens. (Deciduum.)
Declining stem or leaf. Bent downwards forming an arch or

curve. (Declinatus.)
Decompound leaf. When the primary petiole is so divided t'.at

each part forms a compound leaf which is either bigeminate, biter-

nate or bipinnate. (Folium decoinpositum.) —
Decumbent flower. Having the stamens and pistils bending to the

lower side of it.

Stalk: lying on the ground with the base higher than the other

parts. (Decuinbens.)
Decurrent leaf. A sessile leaf having its edges continued down-
wards aloni; the stem. (Folium «l»'currens.)
Decursively pinnate leaf. Having the leaflets decurrent along

the petiole. (Folium decursivc piniiatum.)
Decussated leaves and branches. Growing in pairs which alter-
nately cross each other, (l)ecussatus.)
Deltoid leaf. Has the general appearance of a triangle or the letter

Delta. (U.ltoideum.)
Dense panicle. Having a great number of flowers, crowded in a

panicle. (Hanicula densa.)
Dentate or toothed leaf: Having projecting, horizontal teeth of its

own substance. (Folium duiitaium.)
Denticulate leaf: Having small teeth. (Denticulatum.)
DicHOTOMOus stem. Continually and regularly dividing by pairs

from top to bottom. ^Dichotomus.)
Dirorcous. Sec Coccum.
DiuvMous, double or twin. AVlien two lobes are nearly distinct

but pxactly similar to each other — irtMierally applied to antliers.
Diffused stem. Having spreading branches. (Caulis <litVusus.)
DiGiTA rE leaf. W hen a simple petiole connects several distinct

leaflets at the end of it. (Folium digitaUim.)
Dioecious plant. Having fertile flowers on one individual and barren

on another. (IManta dioica.1
DissiLii.NT pericarp. A bursting or clastic secd-Vesscl or fruit;

(Dissiliens.^

6

DisTioHous. Two rowed; flowers or leaves on opposite sides of 6

peduncle or stem.
Divaricate panicle; when the pedicels form an obtuse angle with

the main peduncle. (Panicula divaricata.)
Diverging branches: Making a right angle with the stem. (Rami

divergentes.)
Dorsal awn. Fixed to the back or outer side of the glume. (Arista

dorsalis.)
Dotted leaf. Covered with boUovv dots. (Folium punctatum.)
Downy. See Tomentose.

Drooping. The top or end pointing to the ground. (Cei'nuus.)
Drupe. A pulpy pericarp or fruit without valves, containing a nut

or kernel. (Drupa.)
Echinate pericarp or seed-vessel. Beset with prickles like a hedge-
hog. (Echinatum.)
Elliptic leaf. Lanceolate but with the breadth of an ovate leaf,

more oblong than the oval leaf. (Folium ellipticum.)
Emarginate. Notched at the end. (Eraarginatus.)
Ensikorm leaf. Sword shaped; two edged, tapering from the base to

the point. (Folium ensiforme.)
Entire leaf. Undivided without anj sinus or opening on the edge.

(Folium integrum.)
EquAL. A calyx or corolla is said to be equal when the parte are of

the same size and figure, (vii^qualis.)
ExPLANATE. Spread out, flat. (Explanatus.)
Exsert-stamens. Protruded Stamens or anthers are those appearing

above the corolla. (Exsertus.)
Fascicle. A mode of flowering in which several upright, parallel,

fastigiate, approximating flowers are collected together. (Fasci-
culus.)
Fascicled leaves. Growing in bundles or bunches from the same

point. Folia fasciculata.)
Fastigiate stem. Having branches of an equal height.

Peduncles. Elevating flowers in branches so that they are all of

an equal height. (Fastigiatus.)
Faux or mouth. The opening of the tube of the Corolla.
Fimbriate — fringed. Generally applied to the corolla: differing

from ciliate,in which the margin is guarded by bristles distinct from

the substance of the leaf; in a fimbriate corolla the margin is fring*

ed by segments of its own substance.
Feathery. See Plumose.
Filament. The thread-like part of the stamen supporting the anther^*

(Filamentum.)
Fistulous stem. Hollow. (Fistulosus.)
Fleshy leaf. Full of pulp within. (Carnosum.)
Flexuose stem. Changing its direction in a curve from joint to joint

or bud to bud, &c. (Flexuosus.)
Floret. The separate or partial little flower of compound flowers.

(Flosculus.)
Flower. When complete, consists of calyx, coi'oUa, stamen, and

pistil; but the essntial parts are anther and stigma. (Flos.)

Floweu compound. (Flos compositus) contains several floretx,
inclosed in a common perianth, and on a common rcccpuicle witli
the antliers forming a tube.

FoLLici-E. A pericarp or seed-vessel of one valve, opening on one
side longitudinally. (FoUiculus.)

FnuTEscENT. See Shrubby.

FuuRowED stem. Marked with deep broad channels longitudinally.
(Sulcatus.)

GEKfcuLATi or having knees. Applied to a stem, peduncle or awn,
forming an obtuse angle at the joints, as when the knee is a little
bent. The deviations are angular, whereas in the flexuose stem
they are curved. (Geniculatus.)

Germen, ovarium or seed-bud. The rudiment of the fruit yet in em-
bryo; the base of the pistil. Germen superior when included
"witliin the corolla; but when placed below the corolla, inferior.
(Germen.)

Glandulau leaf is that which has glands either on the surface, or oa
the serratures. (Glandulosum.)

Glaucous— pale green; sea green. (Folium glaucum.)

Glomerate spike. Having the component spikes variously heaped
to<£ether.

fc Panicle. The flowers growing close together in a globular fornt,
(Glomeratus.)

Glume. The calyx or corolla of grasses, formed of valves embrac-
ing the flower and seed. (Gluma.)

Habit of Plants. Their general external appearance and mode of
growth. (Habitus )

Halved head. Hemispherical: round on one side and flat on the
other: a spathc is halved when it invests the fructification on one
side only. (Dimidiatus.)

HANOiNoleaf. Pointing directly to the ground. (Dependens.)

Hastate leaf. Re^^embling the head of a halbort. Triangular, hol-
lowed at the base and ou the sides, with angles spreading. (Foli-
um hastatum.)

Head. A mode of flowering in which several flowers form a kind of
ball. (Capitulum.)

Heart-shaped leaf. See Cortlate.

Hirsute. Rough with hair. Having more bristles or hairs tl^an His-
pid but less stiff. (Hirsutus.)

Hispid. Beset with stiff" bristles. (Hispidus.)

Hoary leaf. Covered with a white pubescence. (Incanum.)

Horizontal leaf. Making a right angle with the stem. ( Horizon tale.)

HvpocRATEuiFonii corolla. Monopetalous, with the border s))iead-
ing out horizontally or flat from the tube: Salvcr-sliapcd. (Hypo-
crateriformis.)

Imbricate — tiled, laying ov«r each other like the shingles or tiles,
on the roof of a house.

Imperfect flower. Destitute of either anther or stigma. May this
not be synonymous with Barren flower. (Flos imperfectus.)

Incised leaf. Having the sections or divisions usuallv 4leternnnnle i«
their number; or at Icagt more so than in tlic laciniate leaf. (Foli-
um incisum.)

8

luCLUiJiNG calyx. Shutting up and concealing the corolla. (IncliP'
dens.)

Incomplete flower. Destitute of either calyx or corolla. (Flos in-
completus.)

Incrassate peduncle. Thickening or becoming thicker towards
the flower. (Incrassatns.)

Incumbknt. Leaning upon or resting against. (Incumbens.)

Inferior perianth. Inclosing the germen; or, having the germen
above the receptacle —

Germ. Placed below the perianth. An inferior perianth implies
a superior germ- (Inferum.l

Inflected. Bentinwards, at the end, towards the stem. (Inflexus.)

Inflorescence. Mode of bearing flowers. (Inflorescentia.)

Internode. The space between knot and knot or joint and joint.-
(Internodiuni.)

Interrupted spike. Divided by intervals of smaller flowers or by"
intervals destitute of smaller flowers. (Spica interrupta.)

Interruptedly-pinnaie leaf. Having smaller leaflets between
each pair of larger ones. Interrupte-pinnatum.)

Involucrum a calyx remote from the flower; sometimes placed be-
neath a single flower, but often including many flowers with their
proper calyxes, — (Involucrum.)

Involuci ll. a small involucrum. (Involucellum.)

Keel. The lower petal of a papilionaceous flower, inclosing the
stamens and pistil: usually shaped like a boat. (Carina.)

Kidney-shapkd leaf. Roundish, and hollow at the base without an-
gles. (Reniforme.)

Knot. A protuberant joint in the stem of some plants particularly
grasses and corn. (Nodus.)

Lacinia; a segment. Any part into which the border of a monope*
talous corolla is cut. It is applied also to a monophyllous or sin-
gle leafed calyx. (Monophyllum )

Laciniatf. leaf. Irregularly cut or divided. (Laciniatum.)

Lacunosv' or pitted leaf. The surface depressed between the veins.-
Opposed to wrinkled. (Lacunosum.)

Lanc olatk leaf. Oblong and gradually tapering towards each ex-
tremity. Lance-shaped. (Lanceolatum.,^

Lanc'olati- -ovate leaf. Pai-taking of both forms, but inclining
more to the latter. In these compound words the latter is always
supposed most characteristic.)

Leaflets. The small leaves in a compound leaf. (Foliola.)

Li'.GUMEN. A seed-vessel of two valves, in which the seeds are fixed
along one suture only. Pea-pod or shell —

LiouLATE flower. A species of compound flower in which the florets
have their diminutive corollas 'corollules or corollets' flat, spreading
out towards the end, w-ith the base only tubular (Flos ligulatus.)

LiNEAR-leaf. Of the same breadth throughout, except sometimes at
one or both ends. (Lineare.)

Li :eate leaf. The surface sliglitly marked longitudinally with de-
pressed parallel lines. (Lineatum.)

Lip. See Ringent.

Lobe. The part into which some simple leaves are divided— (Lobus.)

SIvETCII OF THE BOTxlNY

*»

@<»ttt9=^(tWfttt4 41tt> ^^Ot{Ji4.

vwvwwwvwwvwwwwvwvw

CLASS I-

1. C\NV\,

2. TH\LTA

3. SALICORNIA,

DIGYJVIJ,
4. CALLITHICHB.

-vwv^rvwvwvvwvwvw *

CANNA. Gen. pl. 1.

Anthera simplex, fila-
menti niargini adnata.
Stijlns crassus, clavitbrru-
is. S/i^/;iGol)tusum. Cap.
sula 3-lociilaris Semina
globosa, nunierosa.

1. Flacmida.

C. corolla3 liniho inte-
riore tritido ; laciniis llac-
cidis.

Roscne, Trans. I.inn. Soc. 8. p.
Canna (;lauca, var. b. jlaccida
C. ansustifolia r Walt. fl. Car

Mther simple, attached
to the margin of the fila-
ment. Stifle thick, cluh-
shaped. Stigma obtuse.
Capsule 3 celled. Seed
globose, numerous.

Interior limb of the co^
rolla three cleft : sea*-
ments Haccid.

. .330. Pursh, tlor. .Vmer. 2. p. 585^
,8]). pl. l.p. 4.
. p. j9.

A

^

MONANDRlA MONOGYNTA,

Root perennial, creepina;. Stem herbacecous, terete, 2^3 feethl^h^
very sniootli. Leaves alternate, larjje, iariceoliite, very acute, mem-
branaceous, entire, smooth, teriiiinatin;; at the base in a sheath general-
ly longer than t!ie joints of the stem; ujjper leaves only a sheath. Flow-
ers few ill a terminal spike. Bractea a.ii obtuse, ovate scale, surround-
ini: the base of the germ. Cah/.v three-leaved, superior; leaves lan-
ceolate,acute, appressed to the tube of the corolla. Corolla one-petalled,
yellow; tube cylindrical, thrice as long as the calyx; margin sixpart-
ed: the t ree exterior segments lanceolate, acute, equal, reflexed; two
inner ones nbovate, reflexed, undulate, flaccid; tlie interior petal, v ry
large, nearly round, margin reflexed, undulate, flacid. A''ectary^ re-
sembling a petal, 2 parted; outer segment resembling the inner seg-
ments of the corolla: inner segment resembling the interior segment
of the corolla, but narrower, eiect, undulate. Filament o. Anther ob-
long, whitish, furrowed, attached 1o tlie interior segment of the nec-
tary, which performs the functions ot a filament. Germ round, sca-
brous. Stijle sword shaped, dilated near the summit, inserted into the
tube of the corolla. Stigma linear, attached to the margin of the
style, a little involute. Capsule, globose, scabrous, 3-celled,S-valved.
Heed globose, many in eaeh cell.

Grows in wet soils, around ponds; Paris Island, near Beaufort j
Catham Co. Georgia.

Flowers May — July. Large-jlowered Cimna,

THALIA. Gen. pl. \0.

Jinthera^m\\i\e\^ ovata.
filamento proprio depres-
so innixa. Stylus bre-
vis, ab anthera deilexus.
Stigma perforatum, rin-
geiis. Capsula 2-locularis.
1. Dealb ta.
T. bractea bi flora ;
scapo arundinaceo, pul-
vei uJento ; foliis apice re-
\(>lulis. Roscoe, Tians.
Lin. Soc. 8. p. 3-*0.

Anthf^r simple, ovate^
inserted into its own de-
pressed lilament. Stiile
sbort, bent from the an-
ther. iSl'igma peitorate,,
liitgent. Vupside ^'Ct\\k^{}L,

Bractea two-flowered ;
scape reed- like and with
the panicle powdered ;
leaves revolutc at tiie
summit.

Pursh, 2. p. 584.

Hoot perennial. Leaves radical, distichous, cordate-ovate, acute,-
Tviucronate, entire, ribbed, glabrous, slightly sprinkled vvitli a white
dust, 6 — 9 inches long, 3 — 5 \\ide; petioles 12 — 24 inches long, near
the summit terete, smooth, powdered, at base alternately sheathing
tlie scape. FUnvers in a terminal panicle. Scape erect, columnar,
joiuteeif 3 — 5 feet higlu /^et/MKc/eo, some wliat terete, glabroua,geni-

BIONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

filiate, ftpparently jointed. InvulKcrum at each joint many leivpH;
K'u\cs ol)l(H)^;, laiucolute, acuto, mM-\(tsi', |^Iat>ntus, deciduous; tiie
2 lower, as lony; as tl>e panicle : upper ones »niall. liractpa, s|)atliak
ceous, t\M)-llo\veiet), sessile, 'i-leaved, ct>riaceous ; outer leaf lan;er»
ovate, acute, ulabrous without, dow t»y on the inner surface ; sheatiiiag
tlie inner leaf; the bractea w ith every part of tne panicle almti** covercil
w ith a wliite powder. Cdhf.v 3-leaved ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute,
concave, nearly eipial, small, purple.* ComHu 1 petalled, six jiatt-
ed, purple; tlie 5 exterior segments obovate, obtuse, ctpial ; the 4th
louder, obovate, rii^id, tajierinir ut base, with the in..ru;in roundeil,
cmariiifiate ; the ath Literal, somewhat lalcate, aiii^led in ihc niirhlte,
clawed at base; the 6i\\ lateral, similar to the precedin;:, but witli
two setaceous processes at the an^le. JS'ectavi/ / resembling a petal,
i2 parted; the exterior seijinent larjre. concave, riiiid, truncate with a
sack at one tnaile; the interior segment filiform, as loMy;asthe petals,
witli the summit inflexed, serviiijr as ». filament, jhitfii^r lateral, one
c lied, derm beneath, obovate, very smooth. /SYy/c thick, sjiii.il.
S ix^tm larne, concave, (perforate,) iidlected. with the lower marain
(Ii|>r) elongated. JVut .^ globose, one celled, the shell flexible, mem-
branous.

(irosNS in damp soils, first discovered bv Mr. John Fraser, near
Jacksonborough, South-Carolina, t'ien ost to our Hotanists, but after-
wards foumi by Mr. Aiiddleton, near Midillelon place, Ashby Iliver,
in ;:;reat ai)undance. Seen by Dr. Baldwin near it. Mary's, (ieurgia,
and bv me on James Island.

Flowers June — September. Powdered Tliulia,

SALICORXU. Gen. pl. 14.

Cr/?^.rvcntriculosus. in-
teger. Corolla o. Scnieji
1.

1. Herbacea.

S. annua, erecta, ra-
mosa ; articulis apice
einarginatis; spicis oppo-
siiis, axillaril)us ; calycc
truncalo. E.

Calyx ventricose, en-
tire. Corolla o. Seed i.

Annual, erect, branch-
ing; joints notched at iho
summits; spikes opposite,
axillary; calyx truncate.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 23. Mich. 1. p. 1. Clavton,p. 1. Bigelow, p. 2. Pursli,
1. p. 2.

• I have detcribed the corolla and nectarium of (his pl.int with soir** refer*
ence to the Canna. It apptars ho^cvi-r .s it' the > outer sp;,nunts wi-ic ds'mrt
pptxls. whilr thr rmirth, fillh, aixih, and bipartite neciwy supporting tlie anllier,
adlicre firmly at buic.

^

MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA*

Roof annual, somewhat fusiform. Stem much branched, about 18
Inches hi»li, jointeil, succulent: joints concave, 2 toothed : teetli acite,
somewhat mucronate. Flowers 3, sessile, under each summit of the
tipper joints, rcrfj/a" thick, truncate, somewhat 3 sided, 1 leared, split-
ting on one side. Filaments 2, longer than the calyx, subulate, trans-
parent, • light! y striate, 1 before, 1 behind the germ, expanding at dif-
lerent times, the interior one first, (thence considered nionandrous.)
Jinthers erect, two lobed, two cleft at base, yellow. Germ abuvef
compressed, oblong-ovate. Style o. Stigmas 2, glandular.

Grows on the inundated shores of the ocean.

Flowers chiefly in August. Herbaceous Salicorniw*

2. Ambigua. Mich.
S. perennis, procum-
bens, ramosa

parvis, lunaiis;

Perennial, procumhentj
branching ; joints cres-
cent-shaped, small; spikes
opposite and alternate ;f
calyx truncate.

articulis
spicis op-
positis, alternisque ; ca-
lyce truncato. E.

Mich. 1. p. 2. Pursh, 1. p. 3 f

Boot fibrous, creeping. Stem procumbent and ascendins, Floivers^
9aly.T, filaments, as in the preceeding. Jinthers purplish yellow.
Germ short, ovate. Stijles 2, or 0. Stigmas 2, obtuse, glandular.
Grows on the sands overflowed by salt water. ^ erj common*

iPlowers July — September. Shrubby Salicomia

CALLITRICHE. Gen. pl. 17.

Calyx o. Petala^. Cap-
mla 2 locularis, 4sperma.

Calyx 0. Petals 2. Cap*
side 2 celled, 4 seeded.

1. Heterophylla. Pursh.

Leaves linear, obtuse,
half embracing the stem,
upper ones spathulate j
flowers hermaphrodite.

C. fohis linearibus,
obtusis, semi-amplexicau-
libus, supremis paulo spa-
thulatis ; floribus andro-
gynis. E.

C. verna, Pursh, 1. p. 5. Walt. p. 59. Mich. 1 p. 2.
C. aquatica. Big. p. 2.

Soot fibrous. Stem procumoent, creeping or floating, round, smooth*
Leaves opposite, sessile, entire, dotted; immersed leaves linear: float-
ing leaves spathulate. i'You'ers solitary, axillary, sessile. Pefa/s lan-
ceolate, white, persistent: at first twice as long as the germ, but
smaller tlian the ripening capsule. Filament 1, attached to the base of

'MONANDRIA MONOCYNlA. 5

the SPrm, sliorfor than (he tronn, suhulato. .Anther orccL, 2 celled, ra-
<lucoiH. Genn suporior. at first (]uaiirai)i;ul;>r, then compressed, emar-
jtinate, furrowed. Sti/les il, lonu;er than tl\e petals, subulate, persis-
tetit. >i7j;j-mns- simple, acute. Tfl/js///^ compressed. 4 celled ? Seeds
1 in each cell, reniform (Seeils 4, nuked. Smith fl. Brit.)

Grows in s'laMow wator. and in boft muddy soils.

Flowers March — April. Spring Callitrichei

^M^ V%>% X^/N \^/V\^^ X'WW^ VX/V W^ W W%«

CLASS 11-

liRJAJ\'DRU MO.yOGTXTA.

s

OT.FK.

\7

ly:opus.

6

ruiOWTTHUS.

18

CUNIIA

7

f IR' T, \

1^

HHOKOMA.

8

VKR »\[ v.

20

MON\U;)\.

9.

•lUSTI I \

21

S\LV1\

10

Kl V '{ \RI\..

22.

COLLINSOXTA.

11

<;r . rioi. V.

\i

IIXnv.KMV.

1'.

Ml TT »N niKMUM.

DIGT^'M.

14

piN(;ricii,\

1^

UriM Ul.VKIA.

2.T

AVTHOXAXTHUM'.

16.

CA I ALPA.

24

EKIANIULS.

OLEA. Gen. pl. 25.

Corolla 4 cleft ;
mcnts ovale. Drupe
seeded.

seg.

Corolla 4-ri'la : laciniis
siibovatis. Drupa niono-
spenua.

1. AMnnicANA.

O. foliis lanceolatis, el-
lipticis, iiitegernniis ; ra-
cemis an2;ustatis ; brac-
teis omnibus persistenli-
biis, connatis, parvis. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 45.

Valt. p. 240. Mich. 2. p. 222. Pursh, 1. p. 7.

A small, beautiful, tree 12 — 20 {et^i hi^h. /-fcrrfs opposite, nomc*
timeu oi>o\ate, lucid, coriaceous, perennial, kloictn in iiun^ paiii*
Guiated raceines) fraj^raut. trait austere.

Leaves lanceolate, ellip-
tic, entire ; racemes com-
pressed ; all tbe biacteas
persistent, connate, sniall.

6

DRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Our species of Olea is dioicous ; but as the foreign species are gen*
erally polygamous, the genus has been retained in this class.

Grows in rich light soils along the sea-coast of Carolina and Geor«
gia. Rarely found 60 miles from the ocean.

Flowers April — May. American Olive,

CHIONANTHUS. Gen. pl. 26.

Corolla 4-fida ; laciniis
longissimis. Drupce nu-
cleus striatus.

1. Virgin icA.

C. panicula terminali,
tiifi'ia ; pedunculis tri^lo-
ris ; foliis acutis. Sp. pl,
1, p. 46,

seg-

CoroUa 4 cleft :
ments very long. J^iit of
the drupe striated.

Panicle terminal. 3 cleft ;
Peduncles 3 flowered ;
leaves acute.

Walt. p. 60. Mich. 1. p. 3. Clayton, p. 1. Pursh, 1. p. 7.

A beautiful shrub, from 2 — 10 feet high, with numerous opposite
branches, glabrous. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, entire, nitid on the
Upper surface, deciduous. Panicle terminal, composed of opposite
branches, with 2 or 3 pair of oval bracteal leaves ; the terminating
peduncles 3 flowered, t ubjx very minute, 4 cleft, persistent. Seg-
ments of the corolla linear, pendulous, white. Utamens and Htyle
scarcely longer than the calvx.

1 have seen in the garden of Mr. Champneys, a variety of this plant
with panicles so long titat they became cylindrical.

Grovvs in the low country in damp soils; in tin* upper countiy I
have generully seen it in such as were dry and fertile.

Flowers April. Fringe I'ree. Virginian Chionanthus.

White Ash. Old Man''s Beard.

Tlie root is used in the form of infusion, as a remedy in long stand*
ing intermittents and other chrunic diseases.

CIRC^A. Gen. pl. SI.

Corof?(2 dipetala. Calyv
4-ph> llys, superus. Cap-
sula bilocularis, non de-
iMscens ; loculis mono-
speniiis.

Corolla 2 petalled. Ca-
lyx 2 leaved superior.
Capsule 2 celled, not o-
pening j cells one seeded.

DRT\NnR]\ MONOGYTVTA. 7

i. LiTTETiANA. I'tir. b Cduadrnm^ Sp. pT.

C. caiile crecto ; foliis I Stem cioct ; loaves o-

vate, tjutlied, o|)ake, gla-
InoLis.

Clayt p. £1. Big. I. p. 8. Pursh,

ovaiis, (IcfUiculatis, opa-
cis, L^Iahriiisculis, Vahl.
Eiuiin. pi. 1. p. 301.

Sp. pi. l.p. 58. Midi. l.p. i:
1. p 21.

Root perennial. Stem round. Leaves opposite. Flowers in termi-
nal racemes ; petals inversely heart shaped, reddish uhite : capsules
rouiidi h, covered witli minute hooks; stalks of the capsuleh beut
backward.

Found in Greeneville, South-Carolina, by Mr. Moulins.

Flowers June — September. Canadian Circectu

Stem ascending;; leaves
cordate, toothed, sliini'-g;
calvx membranaceous.

2. Alpin.4.

C. caule adscendente ;
foliis cordatis, dentalis,
nitidis ; calyce mcmbra-
naceo. Vahl. Eniim. pi.
1. p. 301.

Sp. pi. I. p. 53. Pursh, l.p. 21.

Plant small, procumbent. Leaves cordate, v>xt\\ dislAnt, and aCQt(^
serratures. 6'^n^•c filiform. Fruit expanding.

VERONICA. Oen. pl. 33.

CnroIJa limbo 4-parti-
to ; lacinia inlima angus-
tiore. Capsula bilocula-
ris.

* Flore s terminales^
spicati.

i. VlRGINICA.

V. foliis qiiaternis |
qiiinisvc, lanccolatis. acu- |
lis, serratis ; s|)icis plm i- |
bus. Hoit. Kew. l.p. 26. |

»Sp. pl. 1. p. 54. Mich. I. p. 5.

Border of the coroUa
4 parted ; the lower seg-
ment narrower. Capsule
2 celled.

* Flowers tervmialy
spiked.

Leaves by fours or fives,
li.nceohite, atute, seriate
ed ; spikes many.

Clayt. p. 2. Pursh, 1. p. 10,

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Perennial. Stem ereC, 2 — 3 feet hijjh, glabrous, sHg;htlY angledsi:
Leaves verticillate, nearly sessile, jrlabrous on the upper surface, i)U-
bescent on the under. Floivers dense, on lon<r axillary spikes ; one afc
the base of each leaf, near the summit of the stem. Corolla tubular,
white. Filaments much longer han the corolla. Jlntherx incumbent.
Germ above. Style long, persistent, i apsule tapering to a point at
the summit, not emarginate as is usual in this genus.

Grows in tlie mountain vallies.

Flowers June — Auaru&t.

Virginian Veronicaj,

S. Officinatjs.

V. spicis lateralihiis,
pedunculatis ; foliis op-
positisjOhovato-subrotuii-
dis, pilosis, annuis ; caule
procumbente, hirlo. Sp.
pi. I. p. 59.

Mich. 1 p 5. Pursh, 1. p. 10

Spikes lateral, on ped-
uncles; leaves opposite,
obovate, nearly round,
hairy, annual ; stem pro-,
cunibent, rough.

Smith, flor. Brit. I. p. 16.

Stem spreading. Leaves pale, ri2,id, hirsute, scabrous. Spike^-
axillary, solitary, peduncled, many flowered, hairy, taller than th©
atem. Flowers pale blue coloured, with deeper veins.

Grows in Carolina. Pursh.

F.owers April — June.

** Flores coryniboso-
racemosi.

3. SeRPYLLI FOLIA.

V. racemo terminali,
subspicato ; foliis ovatis,
glabris, crenatis. Sp. pi.
4. p. 61.

Sp. pi. I. p. 64. Walt p. 60
367. Big. p 5. Pursh, 1. p. 1 1.

Perennial, stem 8 — 1 2 inches long, decumbent, pubescent, slightly
angled, sometimes creeping. Leaves opposite, decussate, on short
petioles. Flowers in a terminal leafy raceme Peduncles 2 — 3 lines
long. Stijle persistent. Capsules emargi .ate, ciliate.

Inserted on the authority of Walter and iViichaux. I have not met
with this species in the Soutiieru States.

Flowers May — ^Juue. Thyme-leaved Veronicof

** Flowers in corym-
bose racemes.

Raceme terminal, some-
what spiked ; leaves o-
vate, glabrous, crenate.

Mich. 1. p. 4. Clayt. p. 2. No.

>9

LoBATF. or lobcil, Di\-iJed into Tiobes. (Lobatua.)

LvRATK leaf. Diviilfd several liiues tiatisverhclv, the lower dinsioBB
smaller and more remote from each other than the upper ones. (Ly
ratuui.)

MtMURANAcrots leaf. Having no distinguishable pulp between the
two surfacos. (Meuibraiiaceuni.)

iVIiD-Hin. The main nerve or middle-rib of tlic leaf,

^loNol»K TAi.ocs or OIK' petallod corolla, 'llic wh(de in one petal. Tt
may be deeply cut, but is not separated at tlie l)ase. (Monopctala.)

^MoNopHYLLoL s perianth. Nut sei)arated at tlie base One lealc4
perianth. (Moiiophyllum.)

]^ o.\(iN»'i.KMOLs. One seeded. (Monosperma.)

Ml< kunate leaf. Terminatiiis:; in a small sharp point which seems to
be a continuation of the mid-rib: da^;'j:er pointed leaf. (Mucronatum.)

Mt'RicATL, Armed with sharp prickles applied to the calyx and
steu). (Muricatus.)

Naked flower. >Vhen the Calyx is wanting;.

lleceptacle. Dcjtitute of hairs, bristles or chalT.

Whorl. — Destitute of an involucrum. (Nudus.)

Nectary. The honey-bearing part of a vegetable, peculiar to the
flower. It commonly makes a part of tlie corolla, but is sometimes
entirely distinct from it. It is frequently in the form of a horn o^
spur: sometimes it takes the shape of a cup. (Nectarium.)

Nkuved leaf. Having vessels like threads unbranched extending
from the base towards the tip of the leaf. (Nervosum.)

NiTiD. Glittering, glossy : so smooth as to shine. (Nitidus.)

Nodding flower. When the peduncle is considerably curved, but not
so much as in the drooping flower. (Nutans.)

Ob — In the composition of terms is put for inversely or " upside^
down.'''

OiicOMCAL. Inversely conical. (Ohconicum.)

OncouDATE leaf. A heart-shaped or Cordate leaf connected witii
the petiole by its apex or tip. (Obcordatum.)

OiJLinuE leaf. Having the base direeted towards the sky and the
apex or tip towards the horizon. This respects the position of a
leaf; but it is more frerpiently used in another sense, whicli respect?
the shape of a leaf, when the surface is placed obli(|uely or unequal-
ly (generally at the base or in the width) to the petiole — (Foliuiv
Obli(|uum.)

Ohlong leaf. Having the longitudinal diameter several times ex-
ceeding the transverse one; rounded at both ends. (Oblongum.)

OuovATE leaf. Inversely ovate. Having the narrow end next the
petittle. (Obovatum.)

Out USE leaf. Ending bluntly but within the segment of a circle-
(Obtusum.)

OKnicuLATE leaf — Circular. (Orbiculatum.)

Ova I, leaf. Having the longitudinal diameter longer than the trans-
verse one, and the curvature the same at both ends. (Ovale.)

\n Elliptic leaf is longer in proportion to its breailth.

Ovate <ir egii-^liapcd leaf. The shape of tliis loaf is the lorgitudiuai
settion of aa egg. (Ovatum.)

O

i6

Ovate-lanceolate leaf. Between these two forms but inclining to
tl'.c latter. (Uvatu-Laaceolatum.)

OvATK-oBLoNG leaf. Tlic Ovate leaf lengthened out. (Ovato-oW
loHj^um.)

Pair. Applied to leaflets in pinnate leaves which are said to be com-
poi:.ed of two, tliree or four pair of leaflets. (Jugum.)

Palmate leaf. Hand-siaped. It is a simple leaf resembling the
hand spreal. (Palaiatum.)

Panduhaeform leaf. Guitar-shaped. Oblong, broader below, con-
tracted on the sides. (Paiidursefornie.)

Panicle. A mode of floweiing in which tlie flowers are scattered
on peduncles variously or irregularly subdivided, as in the grass-
es. (Panicula.)

PAriLioNAcEous flower. Irregular and usually four petalled. The
lower one is called the keel: tlie upper petal wliicli spreads and
rises is called vexillum: the two side ones stand singly, being se-
parated by the keel, and are called Alfeor winus. Some call them pea-
blossomed flowers, the pea aftbrding a good example. (Papilio-
nacea ) >

Pappus. A feathery or hairy crown of some seeds, by which the seedi
are suspended in the air, and dispersed.

Partitiov. a wall sej^arating a pericarp or seed-vessel internally
into cells. (Dissepi'nentiim.)

Pectinate leaf. A sort of ; innate leaf in which the leaflets are
toothed like a comb. (Pectinatum.i

Pedwk leaf. When a bifid petiole connects several leaflets on the
inside only. This species of compound leaf resembles in some de-
gree a bird's foot. (Fedatum.)

Pedicel. The ultimate subdivision of a peduncle connected with
ti'e flower itself, vf edicellus.)

Peduncle. The flo .er stilk, or partial stem supporting the flow-
ers only. (Pedunculus.)

Pej.tate leaf. Having the petiole inserted into the disk of the leaf
instead of the edge. (Peltatuui.)

Perfoliate leaf. A leaf apparently perforated by the stem. (Per--
foliatum.)

Perianth. A Calyx contiguous to the other parts of fructificationt
A less general term than Calyx. Perianthium.)

Pericarp. Seed vessel or seed case. Tiie most general term for
t..e vessel producing seeds. (Pericarpium.)

PERsisrENT calyx. A calyx which remains after the corolla is
withered.

Leaves. They remain on the plant till the fruit is ripe or after

summer is over.

Stipules. Continue after the leaves drop off. (Persistens.)

Personate corolla. A species of lipped corolla which has the lips

cl(»sed. (Personata.)
Petal. The subdivision of the corolla. Petals are the leaves of the

flower. In a moiiopetalous flower the petal is the corolla. (Peta-

lu".i )
Petiolb. The stem supporting the leaf. (Petiolus.)

a

'Fetiolate Iraf. Growing on n petiole. Opposed to sessile. (Pg-

(tiulatu^.)
Pinna IK loaf. A species of compound leaf, wherein a simple petiole

lia> sovi'ial li'allets fustoiuMi to »acl» side of it. (I'iniiat mi.)
Pinna rr.D uii<'((iially. Toniunalod by a siiijjle or odtl leHllot. (Pin-

natttiii cum imiiari.)
I'lNNAi-iKii) leaf. A species of simple leaf, (livi<led tiaiisversely by

oblony;, horizontal sejjments not extending to tlic mid-rili. (I'iiina-

tifnhini.)
J*isrii.. An Oriran adheiiti'/ to tlie 'Vuit for t' o reception of the pol-
len. ^^ hen poi iVct it con>ists of llie j|,einien, style and stigma,

(Pisfillum.)
1'licatk. Folded like a fan. (Plicat'is.)
Pi.i MosK or feathery pappus. A pappns composed of feathery hairs.

(Pliimosus.)
Poi.LEv. The dust contained in the antlicrs of flowers.
PoLYi'ETALOus cojolla. C'ouiposed of manv pctals. (Polypotala.)
I'oi.YiMiYLi.ijus or many leaveil, Sec.
Pome. A pulpv pericarp witlu)ut valves containing a capsule; as the

apple, quince, ^c. (Pomum.)
pR-EMoiisK root or leaf Not tapering but ending blunt as if the

end '.vere bitten off*. (Pijemorsus.)
PiucKi.E, A sharp process from a plant, fixed into the bark only.

(Aculeus.)
PiusMATic. Of the same thickness from top to bottom, with several

Hat sides. (Pri-^maticus.)
PuocuMBENT Stem. Unable to support itself, lying on the ground,

but without puttinic out roots. (Procumbeiis.)
PfBEscExcE. All hairiness in a plant; or whatever clothes it with

any hairy or villous substance. (Pubes.)
Raceme. A nxxle of flowcriui;, consisting of a peduncle with short

lateral branches. (Uaceinus.)
Rachis. A filiform receptacle, collecting florets longitudinally into

a spike. Tt) be found in <!;rasses,
Radia rE flower. A sort of cf)mpoun(l flower consisting of a <lisk, in

which the florets are tubular and rej;ular; and of a ray in whicli tlic

florets are iirc;:ular. as in the Sun-flower.
Radical leaves. Piocec<ling immediately from tiic root. (RadiciK'.)
Raoicant or Rootitj'4 steiii. lk'!i<liiij; to the earth anil stiikir:g root

but not creepin'j: alonx- (Radicatis.)
Radicle. The fibrous part of the r.jot. (Radicula.)
Radius. See Rav. •

Ray. 'llie outer part or circumference of a compound flower, ("a-

«llus.)
Receptacle. Tlie ba..e by which tlic otiier parts of tlie fructification

are corinect«*d.

I'ropei . Appertaining to one flower only.

Common. C'oniicctinu: several distinct flowers. (Recentacil'im.)
Reclined K af. l'>er)t «lownwards so that the [loint is lower tliau taiJ

base. (ReciinatuinA
Rkflexed. Hi-nt back. (Reflexus.)
Renifoum. iicc Kldney-siiaped.

IS

Repand leaf. A leaf the rim of whicli is terminated bj angles having
sinuses between, inscribed in the segment of a circle. (Hepandum.)

Resupinate corolla. "When the floner is turned as it were upside-
down, so that which is usually the upper leaf becomes the lower *^
(Resupinata.)

flEsupiNATi< leaf. Turned upside-down.

Reticllate corolla or petals. Having distinct veins crossing like
net work. (Reticulata.)

Retuse leaf. Ending in a blunt sinus. (Retusum.)

Rkomb-sha^'ed leaf. Having four equal sides but the angles not
right angles. The petiole connected w ith one of the angles. ^,Rhom•'
beum.)

Rib. The continuation of the petiole along the middle of the leaf.-
(Costa.)

Ringent corolla. An irregular, one petalled corolla, the border of
which is usually divided into two parts, called the upper and lower
lip. It is called a taping corolla. (Ringens.)

Rotate corolla or {vheel-shaped. Spreading flat without any tube*
(Rotala.)

RuKciNATE leaf. A sort of pinnatifid leaf, with the lobes convex
befoi e and straight behind ; like the teeth of the large saw (whip-saw)
used for sawing timber. (Runcinatum.)

Sagittate: Shaped like the head of an arrow. (Sagittatum.)

Sarmi ntose stem. Thread-like, almost naked ; < r having only leave*
in bunches at the joints or knots where it strikes root. (Sarmen-
tosus.)

ScANDENT or cUm.bing stem. "Weak and requiring support in mount-
ing. The tendiil or clasper is usually the agent. Different from
the twining stem. (Scandens.)

Scape. A stem supporting flowers but not leaves. It may have
scales. (Scapus)

ScARiosE leaf. Of a dry substance, sonorous to the touch.

— — Perianth, rough, thin and semi-transparent. (Scariosum.)

&ECUND spike. AV ith the flowers all on one side. (Secunda.)

Serrate. Having sharp imbricate notches about the edge, pointing-
towards the extremity.

Having teeth like a saw. — fSerratus.)

Sessile leaf. Connected immediately with the stem or branch without
the intervention ol a petiole: opposed to a petiolate leaf. ^Sessile.)

— — Applied also to flowers, and pappus —

Sheath. A membrane investing a stem or branch as in grasses.
(Vagina.)

Sheathing. "When a leaf invests a stem or branch by its base in
form of a tube. (Vaginans.)

Shrivelling or withering. Decaying without falling off. (Marces**
cens.)

Shrubby. Perennial with woody stems. (Fruticosus.)

SiLicuLE. A two valvcd pericarp, having the seeds fixed along both
sutures, and the transverse diameter equal or nearly so to the longi-
tudinal. This sf.^ed-vessel varies in shape being orbiculate, ovate, or
fiattehed ; entire at the end or emarginate. (Silicula.)

SiiaciuB. An oblong membianaceousj two valved pericarp, having the

13

seeils fixed along the suture*. The SHirule only differs from this, in
form aiul size, (-^iliiiua.)

Simple. Not divided or branched. (Simplex.)

Sinuate lea. Havitiy; larjje cuivod breaks iti tlie margin. {Sinu*
atuiii.) Tlie oak furiiislies many exain|jles.

Spadix. a stem-like receptacle proceeding; from a spathe.

Spatha or spathe. The calyx or spadix operun;; or bursting longitu*'
dinallv in torni of a slieatii. A spathe often consists of more valvefl
than one and may be halved.

Spathulate leaf. Roundish above with a long linear base: Ukeaspa-
tula or battle-dore. (Spathuiuturn.)

Spike. A mode of flow eringin which sessile flowers are alternate, oppo*
site, or verticdlate, on a common simple peduncle: as in Mullein.
(Spica.)

Spikelki a little spike. (Spicula.)

Spine or thorn. A sharp point being a continuation of the substance
of the wood itself. (Spina.)

Spur or horn. The hinder part of the nectary in some flowers, shap-
ed like a cock's spur or horo.

Squarrose calyx. Consisting of scales very widely divaricating, of
spreading every way. (Squarrosus.)

Stamen. An organ for the preparation of the pollen consisting of
the filament and anther.

Stem. The body of an herb, bearing the branches, leaves, and flow-
ers. (Caulis.)

Stigma. The top of tlic pistil, pubescent and moist, in order to de-
tain the pollen.

Stipe. The tiiread or slender stalk, which supports tiie pappus, and
connects it with the seed. (J^tipes.)

Stipule. A scale or diminutive leaf at the base of a petiole, or pe-
duncle. (Stipuia.)

Striated stem. Marked or scored with slender or very superficial
lines. — (Striatus.)

Strict. Stiff' and strait. (Strictus.)

Strobile. A seed vessel or pericarp, made up of scales that are im-
bricate, or lie over each other: fur an Anient in a state of maturity,
Pines afford a good example. (Strohilus.i

Style. The middle portion of the pistil connecting the stigma with
tiie germ. (Stylus.)

Suberose stem. Clothed with bark, soft and elastic like cork. (Su-
berosus.i

Si nuLATR leaf: T/inear at bottom but tapering gradually towards the
end. (Foliun) subuiatum.)

Superior flow er or calyx. Having the receptacle of the flower above
the Germ. Superus.)

Super decompound leaf. When a petiole divided several times con-
nects many leaflets; each part forming a decompound leaf (Su-
pradecomposituin.)

Terete. Columnar, without angles — resembling the shaft of a
column — I have retained the I^atin term, as it is often applied
to twining or procumbent plants, where columnar could scarcely

14

be U3edwifh propriety — Leaves as well Jis the stems of plants ar«.

sometimes teiete.
Tendril or clasper. A spiral thread by which a plant is fastened to

another body. 'Cirrhus.)
Tern AT • leaf". Having tliree leaflets on one petiole. (Ternatum.)
Thyksus. a mode of flowering which consists of a panicle, contract-
ed into an ovate form.
ToMKNj'osE or downy stem or leaf. Covered with hairs so interwov-?

en, as scarcely to be discci-nible. (Tomentosus.)
Tkipinnatk leaf. A species of super-decompound leaf; when a pe-
tiole has bipinnate leaves ranged on each side of it. ffripin-

natum.)
Truncate leaf. Ending in a transverse line so that it seems as if'

the tip of the leaf iiad been cut off. (Folium truncatum.)
TuKKR. A knob in roots, solid, with component particles all similar..
Tuberous root. Furnished with tubers. Tuberosum.)
TuRBiNATa. Shaped like a boy's top. (Turbinatum.)
Twin-anther. Swelling out into two protuberances. (Didyma.)
Twining stem. Ascending spirally round a branch, stem or prop^

(Volubilis.)
Twofold leaves. Coming out two and two together from the same

place
Valve. The outer covering or coat, of a capsule or other pericarp.

iValva.) Or the divisions of this outer covering. —
Veined leaf. Having the vessels branching, or variously divided over

the surface. (Venosum.)
Ventricos or bellied. Swelling out in the middle. (Ventricqsum.)
Verticil. (Verticiliate.) See whorl and whorled.
Villous leaf. Covered with soft hairs. (Villosum.)
Umbel. A receptacle stretching out into thread-like proportioned

peduncles, from the same centre. (Umbella.j
TJmbkllate. Flowers growing in this manner. (Umbellatus.)
tjRCEOLATE or pitclicr-shaped. Bellying out like a pitcher. (Ur-

ceolat'-is.)
"Wedge-shahed leaf. Having the longitudinal diameter exceeding

the transverse one, and narrowing gradually downwards. (Cu-

neiforme.)
Whorl. A sort of floweringmade upof many, nearly sessile, flow-
ers, surrounding the stem in a I'ing. (Verticilhis.)
Whorled leaves. Surrounding the stem at one place. (Verticil-

lata.)
Winged petiole. Having a thin membrane or border on each sidej

or, dilated on the sides: as in the orange. lAlatus.)
Wrinkled leaf. When the intermediate substance rises above the

veins, owing to their contraction. (Rugosuin.)

[Maatracted prijicipally from MartyrCs Language of Botany,']

niANDRiA MONOGTNIA.

Racemes lateral ; leaves
lanceolate, serrate j stem
erect.

4. Anacallis.

V. raceiiiis lateraFilms;
foliis laiiceolatis, senatis;
caulc erecto. Sp. pi. i.
p. 65.

Mich 1. p. 5. Pursh, 1. p. 1 1.

Grows in Carolina, Pursli. Like most of the species in this genvs,
naturuli/.ed.

Flowers May — July.

■*** Peduncles
Jloxvcred.

one

Flowers solitary, ped-
iincled ; leaves coidate,
petiolate j stem downy.

*** Pediincidis nnU
Jloris,

5. Agrestis.

V. lloribus solitarils,
pedimculatis ; foliis corda-
tis,petiolatis; caulepiil)es-
cente. Sp. pi. i. p. 7^3.

Root annual, lilirous. Stem procumbent, hairv. Leaves alternate,
on short footstalks, cordate-ovate, notched, stronj;ly veined, |)articu-
larly on the lo\v<*r surface. Flowers axillar}', solitary ; peiluncles
terete, hairy, after flowering bending to the g;r«und. Calya: I leaved,
deeply 4 parted, persistent ; segments ecpial, lanceolate, 3 nerved,
hairy, ciliate. Curolla longer than the calyx, pale blue, with deeper
veins. Filaments attached to the tube of the corolla, shorter than co-
rolla, dilated in the middle, Anthers incumbent, nearly globular,
pale blue, 3 ceiled. Capsule 2 celled, 4 valved, furrrowed, emargi-
nate, hairy. Seed S in each cell, sitting on tubercles on a central re-
ceptacle.

Grows in damp soils. Around Savannah and Beaufort, very com-
num ; probably imported.

Flowers January — April. Frocumbent Veronicat

6. Arvensis.

V. iloribus solitariis,
foliisqiic cordatis suhses-
silil)us; caulc hirto. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 43.

Flowers solitary, and
with the cordate leaves
nearly ses^iilc ; stem
rough, hairy.

Walt. p. f)l. Mich. 1. p. 4. Clayt. p. 2, No. 368. Pursh, I. p. 11.

Root annual, fibrous. Stem procumbent, hairy and downy ; branches
.«8surgent. l><ower leaves opposite, on very short footstalks, cordate-

U

10

DIANDRIA MONOGYNiA,

ovate, obtuse, slightly toothed, obscurely 3 nerved; upper leaves ses«
sile, alternate, lanceolate, entire or slightly toothed. Flowers axil-
lary, solitary, towards tlie summit of the branches nearly sessile ; af-
ter flowering, the peduncles extend to 1 — 2 lines. CalyiV 1 leaved,
deeply 4 parted, segments a little unequal, persistent. Corolla pale
blue, shorter than the calyx. FUatnents half the length of tlie corol-
la, inserted into its tube. Jlnthers somewhat cordate, 2 celled, white.
Germ superior, compressed, furrowed, -^tyle clavate, as long as the
filaments. Stigma obtuse, iieed 6 — 8 in each cell, obovate, dotted.

Grows in soils somewhat damp, around Charleston. Like tho^
preceding, imported.
Flowers xMay — June. Field Veronica.

Flowers solitary, ses-
sile ; leaves oblong, ra-
ther obtuse, toothed and
entire ; stem erect.

7. PEJpEGRINA.

V. floribus solitariis,
sessilibus ; foliis oblongis,
obtusiusculis, dentatis in-
tegrisque ; caule erecto.
Smith, Trans. Lin. Soc. I
1. p. 19. I

Mich. 1. p. 4. Pursh, 1. p. 11.
V. Caroliniana, Walt. p. 61.

Root annual. Stem erect and procumbent, 8 inches high, terete,
smooth, frequently without branches. The lowest leaves opposite,
toothed ; the upper alternate, linear-lanceolate, nearly entire ; all
smooth. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile. Corolla white,
shorter than the calyx. Filaments nearly half as long as the corolla.
Anthers somewhat sagittate, white, iieeds shining.

Grows in cultivated grounds very abundantly.

Flowers February — March. Maryland Veronica^

JUSTICIA. Gfn. PL. 35.

Calyx simplex s. du-
plex. Corolla i-p'^tala,
irregularis. Capsula un-
gueelasticodissiliens; dis-
sepimentuin valvis con-
trarium.

Cfl///a; simple or double.
Corolla i petalled, irre-
gular. Capsule opening
with an ehistic spring; par-
tition contrary to the val-
ves.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

«1

Spikes axillary, alter-
nate, long; 11 owe IS in
l)airs; bracteas lanceolate;
leaves oblons:-lanceolate.

i. HiTMius. Mich.

J. spicis axillarihns.
alternis, elonsjatis: flori-
bus genunis; l)i-aetris lan-
ceolatis ; loliis oblongo-
lanceolatis. E.

Mich. I. p. 8. Pursh, 1. p. 13.
Dianthcra ovata, Walt. p. 1. 63.

Root creeping, perennial. Siem lierbaccou?, assurjcnt, 12 — 18 in-
dies hi<;li. nearly t'lirrowecl, smooth below, rouijh near tlie summit,
jointed. Leavi's opposite, decussate, nearly sessile. geMerally lanceo-
late, slightly acuminate, serrulate, the upper surface anil veins be-
neath scabrous. livacteas minute. Calyx 1 leaved, 5 parted, per-
sistent; tube ventricose: segments of the bonier linear, lanceolate,
equal. Corolla bilabiate, violet coloured; upper lip shorter, reflected,
slightly notched ; the lower three cleft, segments acute, tlie middle
one longer; spotted at base. Filaments 2, filiform, shorter than the
corolla, inserted into the tube of the corolla near its summit, ,fn-
thers 2 on each filament, one terminal, the other lateral, both one lob-
ed. Germ superior, somewhat conical. Sti/le slentler, lonuer than the
stamens, slightly two cleft. Stigmas 2, obtuse. Capsule stipitate,
compressed.

Grows in humid soils— not rare.

Flowers Mav — June. Ovate leaved Justicia,

Spikes nearly in heads;
peduncle long, solitary;
leaves ensiform.

S. Ensiformu. Walt.

J. spicis sub-capitatis;
pedunculo longo, solita-
lio; foliis ensiformibus.
Walt.

Dianthera ensiformis, Walt. p. 63.

Justicia pedunculosa Vahl. f Pursh, 1. p. 13.

Stem erect, 1 — 2 feet high, obtusely 4 angled. Leaves opposite^ de-
cussate, linear lanceolate, very acute, a little oblique, glabrous.
I have only seen specimens without tlowers.
Grows in St. John's, Dr. Macbride.
Flowers May.

ELYTRAUIA. Mich.

Calyx 4 partitus, laci-
nia antica tissa. Corolla
S-lida, laciniis subtequali-

Calj/x 4 parted with
the front segment diviti-
ed. Corolla d ticll, se^--

IS

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

bus. FiJamenta 3 sterilia.
Capsida S-valvis, 2-locu-
laris.

1. ViRGATA. Mich.

E. foliis superne inte-
gris, neiTisqiie siibtus gla-
bellis ; squamis floriferis,
ovatis, margine villosis.

ments nearly equal. 2
sterile filaments. Cap*
sule 2 ceUed, 2 valved.

Leaves entire near the
summit, and with the
nerves underneath some-
what smooth ; scales be-
neath the flower ovate, vil-
lous along the margins.

Tahl. Enum. pi. 1. p. 106.
Anon. Carolinien>is, Walt. p. 63.

Root perennial. Root leaves long, lanceolate, wedge shaped at
base, scabrous on the upper surface, glabrous underneath, slightly un-
dulate and repand near the base. Scape 12 — 18 inches high, clothed
■with ovate, very acute, scales embracing the stem. Flowei'S in a dense
spike. Bracteas like the stem leaves, rigid, enveloping the flower.
Scales Sat the base of the calyx, small, hairy. Crt/^a* 4 parted, the
«e<iments nearli equal, somewhat hairy, the anterior 1 — 2 cleft. Cor-
mlla tubular; border 5 cleft, (4 Walt). Stamens short. Germ superior,
-fi^^fe capillary. Stigma tongue shaped. Seed few in each cell, small

Grows in damp pine barrens.

Flowers May — June..

GRATIOLA. Gen. tl. 37.

Corolla irregularis, re-
supinata. Stamina ^ ste-
rilia. Capsiila 2-locula-
ris. Calyx 5-phyllus.

* Bractete 2 ad basin
calycis.

1. VlRGINlCA.

G. glabra, caule assur-
gente, tcreti; foliis lance-
olatis ovalibusque, ser-
ratis ; calycis foliolis
sequalibus. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 104. Walt. p. 6.
Clayton, p, 3. No. 379.

Corolla irregular, resu-
pine Stamens 2 steiile.
Caps?tle 2 celled. . Calyx
5 leaved.

* Bracteas 2, at the
base of the calyx.

Plant glabrous ; stem
assurgent, terete; leaves
lanceolate and oval, sel^.
rate; leaves of the calyx
equal.

Pursh, 1. p. 13v

DIANBHIA MONOCYNtA.

18

Hoot perennial. Stem herbaceous, a little surculent, slij^htly fur-
rowed e;eiieiallv erect. Lraivs se-.sile, ratiier acute, obscurely 3 nerv-
ed. FloH'fra axillarv. solitary, on pe'luticles Imlf the lennlh of the
leaves. Uracteas linear-lanceolate, persistent^ eNpandiiii;, shoi-ter
than the calyx. CnruLla one leaved, tuUe siij:,litlv incurved and an-
gled, border 4 cleft, se^^nients untMjual irt br(Mdt!i. lounded, sli'^jlitlj
cmar<;inate. purplish white, with (hn-prr veins and streaks, pubescent
Aviiliout, bearded within. FUanunits '3, inserted into the 'oase of ti.e
corolla, not half its len;:;th. Anthem oblonir, suuieu lat reniforni, '2 cell-
ed, white. Rudimets ot '2 sterile^i/flrtw»^>^ very short, (icrni suoerior,
ovate, compressed, furrowed. i/;//i' fdiform, cquailii, r the stam»'ns,
persistent. Stigma compressed, bilabiate. Capnul'^' uvate, sli:;iitlj
compressed, somewhat angular, 2 celled, 2 valve'). Si\d numerous, at-
tached to a central receptacle, oblont;, rou'jihcncd will) elevated dots.

Grows in wet places, ditches, &,c. very abundantly.

Flowers March — April. Virginian Ch-atiola,

2. AuRE\. Muhl. Cat.

G. glabra; caule pro-
cumbcnte, tereti ; f'oliis
ovato lanccolutis, soiiii-
amplexicaulibus, acute
serratis, puiictatis; calycis
fuliolis a^'qualibus. E.

Plant ,i[i;labi'Oiis ; stem
procumbent, terete ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate,
halt' embracing; the stem,
acutely serrate, dotted ;
leaves of the calyx equal.

G. oflicinaiis.- Mich. 1. p. 6. Pursh, 1. p. \Z.

Jtoot pert'tmial ? creeping. Stem 1 — 2 feet long;, terete, slightly
fiirrM\\ed, jointed, taking root at the joints, with the summits assur-
gent. Leaves rather tliick, obscurely 3 nerved. Flofcers axillary,
solitary, ;:ri,erally alternate, on peduncles shorter than the leaves.
Brudeal leaves as long as the calvx. Corolla bright yellow.

Grows itt tiie wet pine barrens in Georgia, and tlie southern part of
Carolina, abundantly.

Flowers April — June. Tellow-jlowered Gratiole.

3. PiLosv. Mich.

(i. pilosissima; caule | Plant very hairy ; stem
crccto; luliisovahbus, se- [erect; leaves oval, half
mi-amplcxi>;aulibus, ser- | embracing the stem, ser-
ralis, rugosis ; calycis to- | rale, rugose; leaves of the
liolis intequalibus. E. | calyx unequal.

Mich. l.p. 7. Pursh, 1 p. 13.
G. Peruviana, >Valt. p. 62.
Boot perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, round below, square towardg
the summit, clothed with transparciit, jointed, hair. Leaves half em-

f4

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

bracing ilie stem; the lower ones obtuse: the upper rather acute.
Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile. Corolla 4 cleft, one segment,
larger than the rest, white, tinged witli purple. Filaments, 2 short,
inserted into the tube of the corolla, 2 sterile, near its base. Capsule
smooth.

Grows in ditches and wet places. Common.

Flowers July — September, Hairy Gratiola,

4. Sphterocarpa. E.

G. glabra; caule pro- | PI ant glabrous; stem pro-
cumbente, tereti ; foliis | cumbent, terete ; leaves
obovatis, basi attenuatis, | obovate, tapering at base,
serratis ; capsula globosa. | serrate : capsule globose.
E. I

Roof perennial. Stem jointed, taking root at the joints, fleshy, fur-
rowed. Leaves sessile, obscurely 3 nerved. Flowers solitary, axilla-
ry, nearly sessile. Leaves of the calyx equal ; bracteallenxes larger,
expanding, slightly toothed. Corolla with the tube slightly angled, the
border 4 parted, one segment broader, emarginate. Filaments 2,
shorter than the corolla, inserted into its tube. Anthers 2 celled,
tvhite. Sterile filaments o. Germ superior. Style filiform, short.
migma compressed, bilabiate. Capsule globose, 2 ceiled, 2 valved.
Seeds numerous, angled, roughened, attached to a central receptacle.

This plant agrees with the Gratiola, in habit, calyx, corolla, pistil
and seed; but recedes from that genus by its globular capsule, and
the want of sterile filaments.

Grows in ponds 4 miles from Charleston, on the Neck.

Flowers September — October. Round-fruited Gratiola*.

** Brndeis nullis.

5. QuAUltlUENTATA.

G. pubescens ; caule
procumbente, tereti ; foli-
is lato-subulatis, 3 vel 4
dentatis ; calycis foliolis
insequalibus. E.

I ** Without Bracteas,

Micb.

Plant pubescent ; stem
procumbent terete; leaves
subulate, 2 or 4 toothed ;
leaves of the calyx un-
equal.

Mich. l.p. 6. Pursh, 1. p. 12.
G. lamosa, Walt. p. 61.

Root perennial, creeping. Stem slightly furrowed; the pubescence
glandular, capitate. Leaves opposite, rarely by threes, obscurely dot-
ted, rounded at base, with 2 teeth always near the summit. Flowers
eoUtary, axillary, on peduncles, at first shorter than the leaves, after*

DIANDRIA MONOCYNIA.

iM

tNanls cqualllnfi; them. Tijl)e of the corolla yellowish, strpaked with
purple; bonier white. Filnmenta so!»>ile, shorter than the corolla; S
sterile verv short, .iulfiers wliite. -'^'ti/le longer than the stamens.
Sii;;ma bilabiate. Capstde much shorter than the calyx.

Grows around p<»nils — not rai^..

Flowers May— July. Four toothed GratioUu

f). Tetracona. E.

G. g;lal)ra ; caulc pro-
cunibentc, tetragono ; fo-
liis lanceolatis, parce dcn-
talis ; calycis foliolis
jpqualibus. E.

Plant smooth ; stem
procumbent, square ;
leaves lanceolate, spa-
ringly toothed ; leaves of
the calyx equal.

Root perennial. Stem taking root at the joints, exactly square.
Leaves sessile, acute, 4 — 6 toothed, obscurely 3 nerved. Fluicers oa
S(|uare peduncles 2 — 3 lines long. Leaves of the calif.v linear, finelv
serrulate. Corolla white, with coloured streaks. Capsules oblong,
acute, somewhat compressed and oblique, as long as the c^lyx.

Grows in ponds and ditches four miles fron\ Charleston.

Flowers September — November. Squari'-stemmed Gratiolsu

Plant glabrous; stem
square, erect; leaves lan-
ceolate, rather blunt,
toothed toward the sum-
nut; stamens 4, fertile.

7. Acuminata. Walt.
G. glabra ; caule
quadrato, erecto ; foliis
lanceolatis, subobtusis,
versus apicem dcntatis;
staminibus 4,rertiUbus. E.

^Valt. p. Gl.

Boot perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, the angles slightly wing-
ed. Leaves somewhat wedge-shaped at base. J''lowers solitary, ax-
illary, on peduncles generally longer than the leaves. Leaves of the
caly.v a little unequal in breadth. Border of the corolla 4 parted, 1
segment wider, bearded within, all slightly toothed and niucronatc.
Filaments 4, of which two are shorter, inserted into the tube of the
corolla. G^THi superior. iY^/p shorter than the stamens, •ii/ig-mn com-
pre»ed, bilabiate. ( apsule oblong-ovate, compressed, acute, 2 cell-
ed, 2 valved. >Seeds many, cylindrical, truncate, striate, attached t»
a central receptacle.

Grows in ditches and wet places, extensively diffused.

Flowers August — September. Walter's Gratiola.

The G. acuminata, by its regular didynamous flower, and tlie G.
sphferocarpa, by its fruit, Appear to be somewhat distinct from the
ether specie»«j but 1 have retained them, unwilling to multiply genera.

16

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

8. Megalocarpa. E.

G. foliis lanceolatis, ser-
ratis, pubescentibus ; pe-
dunciilis oppositis, foliis
longioiii)Us ; calycis foli-
olis jineaiibus.longitudine
capsulsesubglobosae. Pur.

Leaves lanceolate, ser^
rate, pubescent; pedun-
cles opposite, longer than
the leaves ; leaves of the
calyx linear, as long as
the globose capsule.

G. acuminata, Pursh, 1. p. 12.

blowers pale yellow, large. Cepsw/e larger than any other. Pursh

This species is unknown to me but it appears to bo; very
distinct from the G. acuminata of Walter. The length of the pedun-
cle is perhaps the only point in which they agree. I know not to
which section it properly belongs.

Grows in ditclies and pools from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July — August. Larg-e -fruited Gratiola.

* LINDERNIA. Gen. pl. 1031.

Calyx 5-phyllus. Co-
roila S-labiata, labio su-
periore breviore, re-
flexo, emarginato. Fila-
menta 4; 2 longioribus,
furcatis, sterilibus. Cap-
mla 2-locularis, 2-val-
vis.

1. DiLATATA. Muhl. Cat.

L. foliis basi dilatatis,
amplexicaulibus, parce
dentatis ; pedunculis fo-
liis longionbus. E.

L. pyxidaria, Pursh, 2. p. 419.
Gratitda insequalis, VValt. p. 61.
G. anagallidea, Aiich. l.p. 5.
Clayton, p. 3. No. 164.

Calyx 5 leaved. Co-
rolla bilabiate, upper lip
short, reflected, emargi-
nate. Filaments 4 ; a
longer, forked, sterile.
Capsule 2 valved, 2 cell-
ed.

Leaves dilated at base,
embracing the stem, spa-
ringly tootlied; peduncles
longer than the leaves.

• I have pUxcpd this g-emis in the class Diandrla, on account of its gfreat affinity
to Graiioia, and bec.iuse ii has reuUy but 2 fertile stamens. The forked filaments
t kave fouiid mvariiibly sterile.

niANDRiA MONOGYNIA.

47

7?oof annual. iS'/t'in procun»l)cnt, s<iuarc, smooth. Leaves obloiig",
ovule, obhise, iUK'(iual, «»l)scurely 3 — .1 nerved. Moxvers axillaiv, so-
litary, on sf|uan' ptMlunclos, sjninklod witli capitate liair. Leaxes of
the califX a litllo unc<|ual, pubescent, ciliate. CoruUa twive as lon;^
as the *cal> x, pale purple, resupine, 4 cleft; upper se^;ment broader ;
3 lower sei;uients (fiuminj; the under lip) oval, obtuse. Filaments 4,
inserted into tlie tube of the corolla; '2 longer, etpiallini; the tul)e of
the corolla, sterile, forked near the sununlt, the points recurved; '2
shorter, filiform, fertile. Jlnthers 2 lobed, incumbent, white. Germ
superior, oblonj!;-ovate. Sttjle short, thick, persistent. Uti^na com-
pressed, bilabiate. Seeds many, oval, attached to a central icceptacle.

Grows in ditches, around ponds. Plant small.

Flowers May — September. Vilated-leaved Lindernia,

S. Attenuata. Miihl. Cat.

L. foliis lanccolatis
obovatisque, basi altenua-
tis ; pedunculis foliis du-
plo brevioribus. E.

Leaves lanceolate and
obovate, attenuate at base;
peduncles twice as short
as the leaves.

Root annual. Stem procumbent, square, sniootli. Leaves some-
what spatliulate, serrulate. Flowers axillary, solitary, on short te-
rete peduncles. Leaves of the calyx nearly equal, serrulate. Sterile
filaments villous.

Grows in wet places. Vall'Ombrosa, Ogcchee, Geore;ia.

Flowers May — June. Taper ing-leaved Lindernia,'

MICRANTHE^rUM. Mich.

Cfl/?/.T4-partitus. Co-
rolla inaequaliter 4-fida.
Capsula i-locularis, 2-
valvis, polyspcrma.

Calyx 4 parted. Co-
rolla unequally 4 cleft.
Capsule 1 celled, 2 valv-
edj many seeded.

1. Orbiculatum, Micb.

M. foliis orbiculatis,
basi abrupte angustatis.
E.

Mich. 1. D. 10. Pursh, 1. p. 10

Leaves orbicular, ab-
ruptly narrowed at base.

p. 10. Pursh, 1.
Anon, umbrosa, Walt. p.

£.'

7?oo/ perennial. Stem prostrate, creeping, 2;labrou3, round. leaves
opposite, sessile, very entire, obscurely .5 nerved. Flo I'ers axillary,
solitary, opposite, on peduncles I — '2 lines lonj;. Segments ot the
calyx a little spaihulate, tlie two upper oucs shorter. < orolla shorter
than tlie calyx, whitcj upper segments shorter, the lower elongated;

18

DIANDIIIA MONOGTNIA.

all obtiise. rUaments 2, shorter than the corolla, dilated at base, in-
serted into the tube of the corolla at the fissures of the lower seg*
nients. ^?if/i?rs 2 lobed, globose, white. G^rm superior. Af?/Ze fi i-
form, as lonj; as the anthers, bending to them. Stigma nearly glo-
bose. Capsule globose, 1 celled, 2 valved. Seeds many, oval, trans-
versely striate, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in shallow \\ater and in muddy places. Very common.

Flowers nearly through the whole year.

Round-leaved MicranthevMimi

2. Emargtnatum. E.

M. toliis ovalil)iis obo-
vatisque, emarginatis 5
floiibus sessilibus. E.

I^eaves oval arid obo-
vate, emarginate ; flow-
ers sessile.

Boot perennial, f^tem prostrate or floating, creeping. Leaves ses-
sile, entire, obscurely 5 nerved. From the preceding it only differs in
having its leaves more remote, S or 4 times as Ion?, obovate, slightly
emarginate ; while the flowers are if possible smaller, and on pedun-
cles scarcely visible.

Grows in ditches and wet places — Vall'Ombrosa, Great Ogechee.
In the upper country, common.

Flowers through the whole summer.

Larse-leaved Micranthemumi

PTNGUICULA.

Corolla ringens, calca-
rata. Calyx bilabiatus,
5-ficIus. Capsida l-locu-
laris.

1. Elattor.

P. corollse limbo sub-
seqiialiter 5-fido, laciniis
bilobis, lobis plerumque
indivisis ; calcare com-
presso, obtuso, tubo dimi-
dio breviore. E.

Mich. 1. p. 11. Pursh, 1. p. 14.

P. ccerulea, Walt. p. 63.

Boot perennial, composed of thick and fleshy fibres. Stem 0.
Leaves radical, spathulate-ovate, entire, obtuse, viscid, the margins
rolled in, (as in every species in this country), so . s to appear like a
deltoid leaf. 600/76 columnar, 8— -12 inches high, villous at base,

Gen. PL. 40.

Corolla ringent, with a
spur at base. Calyx bi-
labiate, 5 cleft. Capsule

1 celled.

Border of the corolla
equally 5 cleft, segments

2 lobed, lobes generally
entire ; spur compressed,
obtuse, half as long as
the tube.

DIANDRIA MOTfOCYNlA.

1—4 from each root. Flowers solitary, nodding before they expand.
Calyjc dee[)ly 5 cleft, segments oval, obtuse, the two lower ones near
toijether. Tube of the corolla ventricose, viUous within, {greenish,
veined with purple. Filamptits ^2, attached to tlie base of tlie
fferm, >liort, t!\ick, a|)pressed to the <;enn. J thers approximate, ;;;lo-
nose, one cclletl, opening at the summit. G,'rm superior, globose.
Style very short, compressed. Stii^mn bilabiate; upper lip very short,
somewhat 3 lobed ; the lower dilated, villous, reflexed, covering tlie
antliers. ('a/;.«itt/« globose, 1 celled, pointed with the persistent stylo.
Seeds numerous, oval, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in damp soils; not common near the ocean ; very frequent
in the middle districts.

Flowers March — April. Tall Pinguicula.

2. LiTEA. Walt.

P. corollse limbo S-fi-
(lo, laciniis bilobis, lobis
bidentatis ; calcarc subii-
lato, tubo paulo breviore.
E.

Walt. p. 63. Mich. 1. p. 11.

Border of tlie corolla
5 cleft, segments 2 lobed,
lobes 2 tootbed ; spur
subulate, a little sliorter
than the tube.

Pursh, 1. n 14.

Scape I — 3 from each root, 6 — 8 inc .es hij;li, pubescent, one flow-
ered. Calyj: equally 5 cleft. Corolla campanulate, segments almost
equally 2 lobed. Stigma with the upper lip very minute ; the inferior
dilated, covering the anthers. Flaut generally pubescent, the hairs
all terminate«l by a small viscid globule.

Grows in damp pine barrens, very common.
Flowers March — April. I'tllow Pinguicula.

3. PuMiLA. Mich.

P. corollsB limbo S-lido,
laciniis emarginatis, lobis
integerrimis; calcaresub-
ulato, subobtuso, tubum
sequante. E.

Border of the corolla 5
cleft, segments emargi-
nate, lobes entire ; spur
subulate, a little obtuse,
as Ion": as the tube.

Mich. I. p. 11. Pursh, 1. p. 14.

Leaves more smooth than in the preceding species. Scapes '2 — 6
from each root, 3 — 5 inches high, very downy, each hair capitate,
begmcnts of the calyx all obtuse, very downy. Coroll: ymlc blue,
tube yellowish, streaked with purple, villous within. Stigma w ith the
upper lip short, slightly 3 lobed ; the lower dilated, ciliate, covering
the anthers. Capsule globose, downv, 4 ? valved.

Grows in flat pine barrens. Very common in Georgia, south of tlie
Ogochee river.

Flowers March— April. Small Finguicula'.

so

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

UTRICULARIA. Gen. pl. 41.

Corolla ringens, calca-
rata. Calijx S-phyllus,
seqiialis. Capsula unilo-
ciilaiis.

1. Inflata. Walt.

U. fluitans ; race mis
multifloris, involucro ?
hexaphyllo. verticillato,

Corolla ringent, with a

spur at base,
leaved, equal.
1 celled.

Calijx 2
Capsule

suffultii

labio
cal-

emargi-

Floating; racemes many
flowered, supported by a
six leaved, verticillate in-
volucrum ; lower lip of
the coroUa 3 lobed ; spur
deeply emarginate.

corollse
inferiore 3-lobato ;
care profunda
nato. E.

Walt. p. 64.

U. ceratophylla, Mich. I. p. 12. Pursh, 1. p. 15.

* Sle7n perennial, submersed^ branching, terete, glabrous. Leaves
alternate, 2 — 3 inches lojig, at base 3 or 4 parted, appearing at
iirst sight as if verticillate, above much divided ; segments all seta-
ceous, alternate or dichotomous, kneed at the divisions, and just above
them furnished with an ovate, compressed, dark, air vessel. (Utricu-
Ins). Flowers in simple racemes, 6 — 10 flowered; the common ped-
uncle 8 — 12 inches long, supported below the middle by a verticillate
involucrum, floating on the surface of the water. Leaves of the involu-
crum 3—4 inches long, spungy, much divided towards the ex-
tremities, without air vessf Is ; segments setaceous. Caly.v 2 leaved,
persistent ; leaves nearly equal, concave, ovate, nervose, the lower
slightly emarginate. Corolla yellow; upper lip broad-ovate, entire ; the
lower larger, three cleft, the lateral segments broad, the middle one
longer J spur somewhat lanceolate, compiessed, bifid, half as long as
the lower lip of the corolla. Filaments 2^ short, nearly united at base,
inserted into the tube of the corolla. Germ superior, ovate. Uttfle as
long as the stamens, filiform. Stigma bilabiate; upper lip truncate;
the lower dilated, refiexed, ciliate. Capsule 2 valved. Seeds numerous.

Grows in tranquil waters, very common.

Flowers March — May.

S. Fibrosa. Walt.

U. fluitans; racemis, I Floating; racemes few
paucifloris, involucro nul- | flowered^ involucrum o ;

• The term Stem used -n describings the foaling:' species of this genus, is applied
to that part of the plant \vh ch is always submersed. In the 1st species the term
is correctly applied, but wkether so in the others, is somewhat doubtful.

DiANnillA MONOCYNIA.

81

lo ; coroII.T inajusculfp lower lip of the larij;c

laf)io irilcrioro- obscure 3- corolla obscurely 3 lobed ;

lobalo ; calcare cniargU spur einarginatc.
iiato.

Walt. p. 64. Puish, 1. p. 15 }

Stem 2 — 3 foot Ions;, round. sul)iniM.s»'(l. Flou-era in simple racemes
2 — 3 flowered ; common peduncle G — 8 inclies hin^i columnar; pro|X'r
peduncle 1 — '2 inches long, slender. Toro/Zn Iai-:;e, vellow; upper lip
large, rounded, obscurely 3 lubcd ; lower lip smaller ; spur subulate, a&
long as the lower lip.

From specimens sent from St. John's, by Dr. Macbriile.

Grows in St. John's. Sometimes when deserted by the water ap-
pears to shoot from the base oi' each peduncle, iibrous roots sparingly
famished with utriculi. Corolla large but not ecpial in si/,e to that of
the U. intlata.

Flowers September — October.

Floating ; peduncles
axillar}^, generally one
flowered ; involucrum 0 ;
lower lip of the corolla 3
lobed, lateral lobes end-
ing in small sacks.

3. Saccata. Le Conte.
U. iluitans ; pedun-

culis axillaribus subuni-
floris ; involucro nuUo ;
corollfc labio infcriore
tiilobato, lobis lateralibus
apice saccatis. Le Conte.

U. purpurea, Pursh, 1. p. 15.

Stem 1 — 2 feet long, terete, glabrous, submersed. Leaves alternate,
4 — 5 parted at base, as if verticillate; each segment again divided in
a similar manner; upper segments pinnatifid all setaceous. PeduncUs
1 — 2 in each .axil, 2 — 3 incm^s long, sometimes, though rarely, iMlow-
cred. Leaves of the calyx emarginate. Corolla purple; upper lip nearly
round: the lower longer; tlie lateral lobes cucullate.'' by the formation
of their sacks nearly conic; the middle one longer, oval, with its mar-
gin reflected; spur subulate, compressed, half as long as the lower lip,
appres-.ed to the middle lobe, covered by its reflexed margins, and
closing the moutlis of the la'eral sacks. Seed very numerous and
small, attached to little tubercles on a central receptacle.

Grows in stagnant water. Extensively dilTosed, though to me, ivot
very ccmimon.

HowersJunc — July.

4. Loxr.iROsTRis. Le Conte.

U. iluitans; involucro
nullo; pedunculis 1 — 2
floris ; calcare corolla;

Floating; involucrum o;
peduncles 1 — 2 flower-
ed ; spur longer than

«2

DlANDRlA MONOGYNIA.

labio iiiferiore longiore,
adscendente, emarginato.
Le Conte.

the lower lip of the co.
roUa, ascending, emargi-
nate.

Floating in stagnant waters. Leaves divided, segments setaceous.
Peduncles 3 — 4 inches long, generally 2 flowered. Lips of the corol'
la obscurely 3 lobed ; corolla yellow, of a middle size.

Grows in stagnant water, both in Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers June.

5. GiBBA.

TJ. fluitans ; peduncu-
lis sub-bifloris ; calcare
corollse labio inferiore
breviore, obtuso, medio
gibbo. E.

Floating ; peduncles
generally 2 flowered ;
spur shorter than the
lower lip of the corolla,
obtuse, gibbous in the
middle.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 113. Pursh, 1. p. 16.

Floating in stagnant water. Scape or rather peduncle 6 inches
long, bearing a few small flowers. Corolla yellow, the lips slightly
lobed ; the spur a little shorter tiian the lower lip, bui^iu^ in the
middle.

Grows in ponds 6 miles from Charleston*

Flowers in June.

6. BlPARTITA. E.

U. radicans; pedunculis,
paucifloris ; corollse la-
biis subintegris, calcare
brevi, obtuso ; calycis fo
liolo inferiore bifido. E.

Radicant ; peduncles
few flowered; lips of tlie
corolla nearly entire,
spur short, obtuse ; low-
er leaf of the calyx two
cleft.

Generally growing in soft muddy places. Scape 2 — 4 inches high.
Flowers one to three. Corolla rather small, lips nearly equal and
entire; spur (I describe from specimens) scarcely half as long as the
corolla, very obtuse. Lower lip of the cafya' generally 2 cleft j some-
times divided to its base.

Sent from St. John's by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers in October.

DIANDT?1A MONOGYNIA.

23

Floatinsc ; pcdunrlps
s;riicrally 2. flowered; lips
of tlic corolla cntiie ;
spur sulnilate, obtuse, as
long as the lower lip.

7. BiFLORA. La Marck.

U. tluitafis ; pedun-
culis suh-liilloris ; corol-
la* laliiis int<jz;ris; calcarc
suhulato, ohtupo, labium
iriferius .Tquuntc. Lc
Cjiite.

La Marck, illost. 1. p. 50. Puish, 1. p. 15.
U. Integra, Le Conte. Juss.

fii^^m slender, submersed. L^aivs alternate, divided asifverticillate;
segments setaceous. Pedtincles axiWary -, tlie common peduncle, 3 — 4
inches long; pedicel 2 — f) lines long. Corolla yellow, rather small: tre
upper lip entire, (obscurely 3 lobed, Le Conte,) reflexed ; the lower
rather longer.

Grows in ditches and stagnant water. Ogecheecauseway, Vall'Om-
brosa. •

Flowers May — June.

8. Personata. Le Conte.

Scape many flowered ;
upper lip of the corolla
e margin ate, lower ob-
tuse, \vith a point ; spur
straight, acute.

U. scapo multiflo-
ro; corollfe labio supe-
riore emarginato, inferi-
ore obtuso, cum acumine;
calcare recto, acuto. Le
Conte.

Root fibrous. Leaves 0 ? Scape 12 — 23 inches high, 4 — 10 flower-
ed, slender, glabrous, furni>hcd with small scales. Flowers yellow,
rather large. Spur subulate, very acute, a little curved.

This species nearly resembles the U. cornuta, .Mich, but appears to
difl'erfrom it in having a more slender and acute spur, more numerous
and smaller flowers.

Grows in damp clayey soils near Columbia, M. Herbemont. St«
Stephens, Dr. Macbride.

9. Setacea. Mich.

U. scapo multifloro ;
corollse labio supcriore
ovato, inferiore promisse
trilobatoj calcare subu-

Scape many flowered ;
upper lip of the corolla
ovate, lower strongly 3
lobed ; spur subulate, as

S4j

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

lato, labium inferius long as the lower lip of

corollje sequante. Le the corolla.

Conte.

Mich. 1. p. 12.

U. pimiila, Walt. p. 64.

U. subulata ? Pursh, 1. p. 15.

Root fibrous. Stem erect, setaceous, 2 — 4 Inches high, furnished
•with a few ovate scales. Floivers 4 — 7 on short setaceous peduncles.
Lower leaf of the caly.v slightly eniarginate. Lower lip of the Stigma
?iomewhat lacerate.

Grows in wet, springy soils, very common.

Flowers April — May. - Bristle-stalked Utriculavia.

In this genus I have been aided by the notes of Jno. Le Conte, Esq.
»f Georgia, who has paid it much attention. It still wants examina-
tion, i have not been able to meet with all the si>ecies I have enume-
rated in a living state, and specimens in this genus it is diflicult to
preserve. U. saccata is generally supposed to be J:he U. purpurea of
VV alter, and as it grows in the neighborh(;od where he reside d, it
may be his plant. I once found in the pastures of Silkhope, near
Savannah, a small species with purple flowers, attached to the earth,
strongly resembling the U. setacea, which then appeared to me to
a"-ree exactly with the U. purpurea, Walt. I retained no specimens
o? it, and since my attention has been turned more directly to this
work, I have been unable again to discover it. It is not therefore, at
present, inserted among my species.

CATALPA. Walt. Juss.

Calyx 2-pariitus. Co-
rolla caiiipanulata, ventri-
cosa. Filamenta 3 sterilia.
Capsula cylindrica, S-vul-
vis, 2-locularis.

Calyx 2 parted. Co-
rolla cam pan u I ate, ventri-
cose. 3 sieviie JiUnnerds.
Capsule cyUndrical, 2 cel-
led, S valved.

1. CoRDiFOLiA. Duham.

C. foliis simplicibiis,
cordatis, integerrimis,
ternis ; floribus panicu-
latis.

Leaves simple, cor-
date, entire, by threes j
flowers in panicles.

Catalpa syringscfolia, Pursh, 1. p. 10.
Mich. Arbres forest. 3. p. 217.
Catalpa bignonioides, Walt. p. 64.
Bignonia Catalpa, Sp. pi. Mich. 2. p. 23.

DIANDRIA MONOr.YNlA.

^i

A lar^c beautiful tree, sometimes 40 — 50 feet hisli, 2 — 5 feot in
iliamotfi-, wi.h l<ui<? opfiosite expandin-; brandies. Jj'uves Renorally
by tlircos, laru;c, acuminafe, t;Ial)ii)us on tlte Upper surface, <lo\\ ny
Uiideriieatli, 8 — l^inclii's long, witn a bit-adtli nrarly ei|ual : petiolt'S
5 — S inclies |(Ui<>; : flowi'is in pyramidal ifi minal panidfs ; l)iancli('«i
and no'.xcis iiiTiiMally by throes;" pedicels tJ — 10 lines lon^, witii small,
linoar-lanccolate leaves near tlie middle. Cnly.v 1 leaved, M parted,
8e});ments obovate, concave, mucronate. persistent. Corolla unequal-
ly 5 parted, the lobes crenulate and waverina:; tube ventricose, vari-
e;;ated with yellow and purple ; the llower wliite witliout. Filameutg
2 fertile, incur\'ed. scaicely longer tlian the tul)e of the rt)rolla.
Aiitlievs reflcxed, \l lobed, lobes very distinct ; '2 — 3 sterile filaments,
verv short. Germ superior, ovate, small, yitijle as Ions: as the staniens.
Stf^ma bilamellate. S'dique 12 — 15 inches Ion;;, with a transverse dis-
«epinient. Seeds flat. wiHgcd,with a small tuft of hair at the summit.

The tree when young and vigorous, is very beautiful ; but when it
begins to decay, its long b.ianches give it a naked appearance. Its
\\(»od is said to be durable. The largest trees 1 have ever seen, grow
in in a sandv soil near the Kuhaw creek.

(irows in the miildle and upper country of Carolina and Georgia,
along the margin of rivers.

Flowers .Ipril — May.

LYCOPUS. Gen. rL. 44?.

Corolla 4 cleft, one
ate.
Seeds 4,

segment emarginate. Sta-
mens distant,
retuse.

Corolla 4-fi(la, lacinia
unica cnmiginata. Stam-
ina distantia. Scmiiia 4,
retusa.

1. ViRGINICUS.

L. i'oliis lato-lanceola-
tis, scrratis, basi attenua-
tis integenimisque ; ca-
lyce seminiljus breviore,
acuto. E.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 121. Walt. p. G4.

Jloot perennial, fibrous. Stem
square, furrowed, pubescent, branched. Leaves opposite, sessile,
acuminate, a little rou-jh, dotted underneath. Flowers crowded in ses-
sile axillary whorls; £ very minute leaves at the base of each flower.
C'a/y.i- one leaved, 4 cleft, shorter than the seed, persistent. Corolla
white, twice as long as the calyx, the emarginate segment broader than
the rest. Fitamputa 2, as long as the corolla, inserted into its tube
near the upper segment. Anthers erect, 2 lobed, pale p»ir[)le. Gi'vtn

Leaves broad, lanceo-
late, serrate, tapering and
entire at base ; calyx
shorter than the seed,
acute.

Mich. l.p. 14. Pursh,!. p. IG.
herbaceous, erect, 1 — 2 feet high.

D

r\ wi Mill

i I ^ 13 #k CC^

26

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

superior, square, slightly furrowed. Style a.H long as the corolla. Stig'
ma 2 cleft, segments acute Pericarp, none but tlie pers stent calys.

Grows in wet soils, ditches, &,c. Common.

Flowers August — October. Virginian Lyeopus.

2. ANCtJSTrFOLTUS. E.

L. foliis angusto-lance-
olatis, serratis ; calyce 5-
fido, laciriiis acumiiiatis,
seminibus longioiibus. E.

Leaves narrow, lance-
olate, serrate ; calyx 5
cleft, Avitli the segments
acuminate, longer than
the seed.

L. europseus ? Walt. p. 64.

Perennial. Stevi erect, square, glabrous, 2 — S feet high. Leaves
opposite, lanceolate, narrow, with a long acumination, remotely ser-
rate, the serratr.res growing deeper on the lower leaves. Flowers
in sessile whorls. Segments of the calyx acuminate, rigid, much
longer than the seed.

-Grows with the preceding, in damp places, ditches, &o.

flowers August — September. JVarrow -leaved Lycopu>»

3. Exalt A TITS.

L. foliis basi pinnatifida. | Leaves at base pinna-
senatis, laciniis integer- | tifid, serrate, with the seg-
rimis subseri'atisque ; | ments intire and slightly
calycibus spinescentibus. | serrate ; calyx spinous.
Pursh, 3. p. 7%7, I

Sp. pi. 1. p. 121,

Grows in Carolina and Virginia, in low shady woods. Rare. Pursh.
Flowers August— September.

I have a specimen from the Northern States agreeing exactly with
the description of Pursh. It resembles the preceding much more than
the succeeding species ; the leaves are acutely divided, and the seg-
ments of the calyx more dictinctly spincscent than in our species.

4. SiNUATUS. E.

L. repens ; foliis pro-
funde sinuatis incisisque,
subrugosis ; calyce quln-
quefido, laciniis acutissi-
mis. E.

Creeping; leaves deep-
ly sinuate and incised,
somewhat rugose ; calyx
5 cleft, with the segments
very acute.

niANDHlA MONOGYNIA.

ftr

Jisot crecpins;. Stem erect, 4 — G feet lii;;li, square, deeply furrow-
ed, glabrous. Lraves upposite, deeply sinuate, almost pinnutitid, with
the se:;meiits ol tlu' lower leaves, tootlied and incised. Leaves when
vi:;orous 5 — tj incite** lon^, se^^nivnts nearly '2, Flowers in sessile
\\l>oil8. Soj;ments of the calyx very acute, rigid, longer than the
seetls.

Cirows in the swamps, on the Ogcchee river, VaU'Ombrosa.

Flowers August — September. Scallup-leaved Lycopus,

CUNILA. Gen. pl. 46.

Cnh/T cylindricus, 5-
dentatus. laiicc villosus.
Corolla ringcns, labio su-
pcriore erect o, piano,
eina]'i!;inato. Stamina 2
steriliii.

1. Marixna.

C. foliis ovatis, seiTa-

tls ; corynil)is terminali-

bus, dicliotoniis. Sp. pl.

1. p. i'22,

Mich. 1. p. 13

Root perennial,
branched.

Caljjx cylindrical, 5
tootlied, villous at the
throat. Corolla lingent,
with the upper lip erect,
flat, emarir;inatc. 67a-
mens 2, sterile.

Leaves ovate, serrate ;
corymlis terminal, dicho-
touious.

purple.

Tursh, 2. p. 40G.

Stem 1 — 2 feet liigh, 4 angled, glabrous, much
Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate, acute,
rounded, almost cordate at base, acutely serrate, u;lal)r.i'js on the up-
per surface, hairy underne;itii. Flowers in small axillary and terinirial
tlichotomous corymbs, with a flower in each divisimi. Cattf.v 10 nerv-
ed, 5 becoming prominent teeth ; villous in the throat. Corolla white.
Fertile Stamens and Utt/le twice as long as the corolla Stigma un-
equally 2 cleft.

Grows in tlie mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.
Flowers August — September. tMaryland Cunila.

^Mountain Ditinny.
An infusion of the leaves of this plant is often given in fevers, with
the view to promote perspiration. It is a pleasant and refieshing
drink.

HEDEOMA. Persoon, Svn. 2. p. 131.

Calijx bilabiatus
gibbus.
Stamina 2 slcrilia.

hasi
Corolla lingcns.

Cahj.v bilabiate, gib-
bous at base. Corolla liii-
gent. Stamens 2 steiile.

ss

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

1. PULEGIOIDES.

H. foliis oblongis, sev-
ratis ; pedunculis axillari-
bus, multifloris. Pers.

Leaves oblong, serrate;
peduncles axillary, many
flowered.

Pursh, 2. p. 414.

Cunila pulegioides, Sp. pi. 1. 122.

Annual, (Mich.) Stevi 12 — 18 inches high, 4 angled, pubescent.
Leaves opposite, lanceolate, tapering at base to a petiole, sparingly
toothed, strongly veined, pubescent. Flowers verticillate, on short
peduncles. Calyx nerved, hairy, 2 lipped ; upper lip composed ot 2
subulate, ciliate, segments; the lower lip of 3 larger, lanceolate, and
without a fringe

Grows in the upper country and mountains. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers June— September. Wild pennyroyal.

MONARDA. Gen. fl. 48.

Corolla inseqiialis, labio
siiperiore lineaii, fila-
nienta involvente. ISe-
mina 4.

1. Clinopodia.
M. glabra; capitulis
terininalibus ; bracteis ex-
terioribus lato-ovatis, acu-
tis, integerrimis ; coroUis
pubescentibus, tenuibus ;
foliis ovalo-oblongis, acii-
minatis, serratis, pilosius-
culis.

Corolla unequal, upper
lip linear, inclosing the fi-
laments. Seeds 4.

Glabrous ; heads sim-
ple, terminal ; the exte-
rior bracteas ovate, wide,
acute, very entire ; co-
rolla pubescent, slender ;
leaves, ovate-oblong, acu-
minate, serrate, hairy.

Pursh, 1. p. 17. Sp. pi. 1. p. 125.
(exclus, syn. Gronovii.)

Stem obtusely angled, glabrous. Heads small. Bractea nearly
glabrous. Calyx short, ciliate. Corolla yellow, with purple specks.
Pursh.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina in dry soils. Pursh.

Flowers July — September.

DIANORIA MONOGYNIA.

29

S. Gracilis. Piirsli.

M. iilahorrinia ; capi-
tiilis latcralil)iis tcrmiiia-
lii)iisqiic ; hractcis exte-
tciiorihus llneaiihus, cili-
atis ; com' lis hrcvilnis ;
foliis lineari-laiiccolutis,
acuiiiinatis, serratis,
Pursli, 1. p. 17.

Very glabrous ; beads
latcial and terminal ; the
exterior bracteas linear,
eiliate ; corollas short ;
leaves linear lanceolate,
serrate.

Stem obtusely-angled. Jleaih small, naked. Calyx pubescent,
eiliate. Curnlla very slender, glabrous, yelltiwish white. Pursh.
Ft)und in tlie mountains of Carolina by Mr. Lyon.
Flowers —

3. Mollis.
M. cano-pubescenti-
bus ; capitulis siinj)licibus;
bractcis exterioribus cor-
dato-ovatis.acutis; corollis
hirsulis ; foliis oblongis,
attenuatis, basi rotundat-
isj serratis. Pursli, 1. p.
18.

M. fistulosa, Var. b. Sp. pi. 1. p. 124.

Stem acutely angled, hirsute. Caly.v short with a thick board at
the tliroat. Corolla nale [Purple, with a very long beard at tiic point
of the lieltnet. Pursh.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Pursh.

Pubescent, hoaiT; heads
simple ; the exterior brac-
teas cordate-ovate, acute;
corolla hairy ; leaves ob-
long, tape ling, rounded
at tlic base, serrate.

4. FlSTTLOSA.

M. villis sparsis hirsu-
ta; capitulis simplicibus
prolifeiisque, foliosis; co-
rollis hirsutis; foliis ovat-
is, acuminatis, serratis ;
peliolis longis, ciliatis.
Pursh, 1. p. i».

Sp. pi. 1. p. 124.

Hirsute with scattered
hairs ; heads simple, pro-
liferous, leafy ; corolla
hirsute ; leaves ovate, a-
cuuunate, serrratcj peti-
oles long, eiliate.

so

DIANDRIA BtONOGYNlA.

Stem erect, 2—3 feet high, obtusely 4 angled, glabrous, holl«w.
Leaves hairy, rounded at the base and sliglitly cordate, (abj.v long,
tubular, terminating in 5 acute teeth. Corolla twice as long as the
calyx, pale flesh colour.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers August — September.

5. Punctata.

M. glabiiuscula; flori-
bus verticillatis; bracteis
lanceolatis, coloratis, ver-
ticil! o longioiibus ; foliis
lanceolatis, remote ser-
ratis. Piirsb, 1. p. 18.

Nearly glabrous ; flow-
eis verticillate ; bracteas
lanceolate, coloured, lon-
ger tlian the whorl ;
leaves lanceolate, re-
motely serrate.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 126.

Walt. p. 64. M. lutea, Mich. 1. p. 16.

Stem 3 feet high, obtusely 4 angled, pubescent. Leaves oblong, ta-
pering at base to a sliort petiole. Flowers sessile. Corolla hairy,
yellow, dotted with brown; the upper lip slightly vaulted, containing
tlie filaments; the lower shorter, 3 cleft.

Grows in light soils ; very common in the lower country of Carolina.

Flowers Aug.- — Oct. Dotted Monavda. Origanum falsely.

and corruptly Rig7mm.

The root of this plant has some reputation in family practice as an
emmenagogue. It is given warm, in the form of infusion.

6 ClLIATA.

M. hirsiita ; floribus
verticillatis; bracteis ova-
iis, glabris, ciliatis, calyce
sequantibus ; foliis ovato-

Hirsute ; flowers vei'ti-
cillate ; bracteas ovate,
glabrous, clliate, as long
as the calyx; leaves ovate

obiongis, attenuatis, ser- j oblong, tapering, serrate,
ratis,. Pursh, l. p. 19. |

Sp. pi. 1. p. 126.
Walt. p. 64.
Mich. 1. p. 16.

Stem acutely 4 angled. Leaves nearly sessile, finely serrate, pu-
bescent. Bracteas strongly veined. Corolla small, blue, and with
the calyx very hairv.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia. Sent from
Athens by Mr. Green

Flowers July— September.

DTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

81

SALVIA. Cfn. PL. 50

Corolla iiifcqualis. Fil-
amcnta transverse pedi-
cello attixa.

1. Lyuata.'

S. foliis ra(licalil)us ly-
ratis, dcnlatis ; corolla-
rum galea brcvissima ;
caule siib-apbyllo, retror-
sum piloso. Vabl. 1. p.

Corolla unequal. Fil-
aments lixed transversely
on a foot stalk.

Radical leaves lyrate,
dentate; upper lip of tlic
corolla very sbort ; Stem
nearly leafless, retrorse-

I

ly pubescent.

S|). pi. 1. p. 128.

Walt. p. 65. Mich. I. p. 14.

Clayt. p. 6. No. 19 and 391.

Rout perennial. Stem herbaceous, 2 — .3 feet high, square, furrow-
ed, iiirsutc, branched near the suinmit. Leaves opposite; the radical
leaves crowded, lyrate and pinnatilid, obtuse, strongly veined, hirsute,
dotted, irregularly toothed, spotted with purple; the upper leaves
lanceolate, slightly toothed. Flowers in 6-flowered-whorls. Cali/.v
one leaved, bilabiate, angled, hirsute, persistent; upper lip broad,
truncate, armed with 3 sharp teeth; the lower longer, 2 cleft, seg-
ments acute. Corolla bilabiate, hairy on the outside, blue ; tube
twice as long as the calyx; upper lip oxal.eniarginate; the lower longer
3 cleft; the lateral segnicnts obtuse; the middle one larger, emarginate,
spotted at base. Filaments 2, inserted near the summit of the tube.
of the corolla, fdiform, bent, bearing a curved transverse pedicel
with an anther at each end. Anthers ol)k»n';, 2 lobed, blue. (Does not
one anther approach tiie stigma and burst, then receile and allow the
other to rome in contact.') Germ su|)erii)r, obtuse, funowed. Style
fdiform, longer tlian tiie corolla, unef|ually 2 cleft. Sti;:^mn simple,
acute. Vericarp 0, but the persistent calyx. Seeds 4, obovate, an-,
gled on the inner side.

Grows in shaded places. Very common.

Flowers March — September. Lyre-leaved Sage. Cancer-weed.

The fresh radical leaves of this plant when bruised and applied to
warts generally destroy them. It is necessary to continue the appli-
cation for a day or two and to renew it everv twelve hours. 'Hie ra-
dical leaves of tlie Hieraciuin Gronovii are employed for the satne pur-
pose, and it is said witii etpial ellect. Before tJHMr bloom, these plants
are oltcn mistaken for each other by |ii'rM)i)s unskilled in botany, the
leaves of each being hairy and purplish underneath.

i^

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Leaves cordate-ovate,
sinuate, toothed, rugose ;
teeth of the upper lip of
the calyx connivent.

2. Claytoni. E.

S. foliis cordato-ovatis,
siiuiatis, dentatis, rugosis ;
calycis dentibus lahii su-
perioris conniventibus. E.

Clayton, p. 5. No. 272.
Salvia Vcrbenaca, Muhl. Cat.

Root thick, almost tuberous., perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect,
nearly a foot bigh. Leaves ovate and cordate, lanceolate, pinnatifid,
the segments toothed, nijiose, pubescent on the veins and maroins.
Flower f' in 6 Howered whorls. Bracteas? 2, at the base of each whorl,
cordate-ovate, acuminate, toothed, pubescent. Calyx somewhat cam-
pauulate, bilabiate, hispid along the veins and margin; upper lip 3 tooth-
ed, teetli connivent; the lower lip longer. 2 cleft, tlie st'^ments acu-
minate, mucronate. Transverse filament, bearing an anther at each
extremity. Jinthers nearly black.

• This plant Is probably not distinct from the S. Verbenaca of Europe,
but it is certainly very different from the S. lyrata; besides the dif-
ferences noticed in the specific character, its leaves are more rugose
and less hirsute, more ri;;id;and its corolla comparatively much smaller-
Grows in the dry sandy pastures around Beaufort, abundantly.

Flowers throuiih the whole summer.

Vervain-leaved Sasre.

Leaves ovate o])long,
doubly serrate ; calyx
three toothed, upper seg-
ment three tootiied.

3. Urticifolia.

S. foliis ovato-oblongis,
dupiicato-serratis ; caly-
cibus tridentatis, lacinia
sun) ma tridentata. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 131.

Mich. 1 p. 15.
Clayt, p. 5. No. 272.

Leaves ovate, irregularly dentate, acuminate at the summit, abrupt-
ly narrowed at base, very pubescent. (Spike naked, whorls remote,
calyx downy, 3 cleft, segments short. Mich.)

Grows in the upper districts of Georgia and Carolina. Very com-
mon. ^

Flowers— JS^ettle-leaved Sa^e.

4. COCCINEA.

5. fohis cordatis, acutis,

tomentosisj serratis -, co-

Leaves cordate, acute,
tomentose, serrate ; co-

DtANDRlA MONOGYPriA,

88

ml la twice as long; as the
calyx, and Jiarrower,

rollis calyce duplo loni];i-
onl)us, aiigustioribus. Sp.
pi. i. p. 141.

Mich. 1. p. 15.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, much branched, 1 — 2 feet
high. Leaves soinetime>* obtuse at base, liairy urjderneatb, on petioles
!C — 3 inches long. Fluwert) in G flowered whorls, in reality composed
of 2 opposite, 3 flowered peduncles. Segments of the caly.r acute,
the upper one a little rellexed. Coro^i'a bright scarlet; tlie upper lip
erect, short, emarginate; the lower lip larger, 3 lobed ; the middle
lobe larger, -2 clelt. Transverse fi'ament scarlet, bearing an anther
only at one extremity.

Grows on the southern islands of Georgia. In the streets of Beau-
fort, common.

Flowers through the whole summer. Scarlet Sn^e.

5. AzcREA. La Marck.

S. tbliis longo-liiieari-
bus, Isevibus; calyce pu-
bentc, brcvissime trilido.

Leaves long, linear,
smooth ; calyx pubes-
cent, 3 cleft, segments
very short.

La Marck, Encyc. 6. p. 625.
S. angubtil'ola, Alich. l.p. 15.
S. Ctt'Iestina .'' Bartram.
S. acuminata, Muhl. Cat.
S. Mexicana ? Walt. p. 65.
Root perennial. Stem 6 feet high, much branched. Upper leaves
linear, very entire; (lower leaves lanceolate, serrate. Mich.) Flow-
ers large, azure, very beautiful. (Teeth of tlie calyx rounded, upper
one nearly entire. Midi )

I have never seen this plant growing. I have received, however,
many specimens of it, and in them tlie leaves have been invariably li-
near, entire, smooth, not at all acuminate.

Since writing the above 1 have been informed by Dr. Baldwin that,
this species varies with the corolla blue, and white, with the lower
leaves, and sometimes all the leaves, lanceolate, pubescent. This last
variety I had found on Hilton Hca !, and in Catham county, Georgia,
and considered it as a distinct species.

Grows in the upper country ot Georgia and Carolina. Mr. Lyon<

Flowers through the summer.

lYarruiv leaved Sas;e.

6. Obovata. E.

S. foliis majusculis,
obovatis, dentatis, pubcs.

Leaves lar2;e, obovatc,
toothed, piibei^ccnt : flow^

34! DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

centibus ; floribus in ver- | ers in 6 flowered whorls,
ticillis 6-floris. E. |

Stem 18 inches his;h, slightly angled. Leaves 6i inches long, 4i
wide, the upper pair approximate as if in a whorl.

Grows near the Oakmulgee river, Georgia. From the specimens
of Mr. Lyon.

Flowers June — July. Downy-leaved Sage.

Mr. John Lyon, an indefatigable and ingenious botanist, passed the
summer of 1803 in the territory of the Creeks, and in the western

f>arts of Georgia. In the following winter he had the kindness to
eave his specimens in my hands for two or three months, for exami-
nation, while he made an excursion into Florida. From that collec-
tion I described many plants, and shall introduce a few of them in
the course of this work. I must however remark, that the specimens-
were not in very good order; that they were generally solitary,
so that I could not dissect them ; and that my knowledge of the
plants of this country was at that time very limited.

COLLINSONIA. Gen. pl. 51.

Corolla unequal ; low-
er lip many cleft, seg-
ments capillary. Sta^
mens S — *. Seed 4, a
generally abortive.

Leaves broad, cordate-
ovate, glabrous ; teeth of
the calyx short, subulate ;
the panicle terminal,
compound.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 152. Mich. 1. p. 17.

(Leaves large, cordate-ovate, Mich.) Leaves very obtuse at base
rather tiian cordate, toothed, acuminate. Flowers large, yellow.
Varies, according to the observations of Pursh ;

a. With leaves cordate, the upper ones very entire.

h. With leaves ovate, tapering at base, all serrate.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina, Dr. Macbride.

Flowers September. Canadian Collinsonia.

Corolla insequalis ; la-
bio inferiore multilido,
capillar!. Stamina 2 — 4.
Semina 4, 3 plerumque
abortientia.

1. Canadensis.

C. foliis lato-cordato-
ovatis, glabris ; calycis
dentibus brevi-subulatis ;
panicula terminali com-
posita. Pursh, 1. p. 20.

DIANDRIA MONOGINIA.

35

Leaves small, ovate,
slii2;luly cordate and Iiairy;
teeth of tlie calyx short,
suhiilatc ; panicle termi-
nal, simple; stem haijy,

rough.

2. SCABRA.

C. foliis minorihns ova-
tis, suhcordalis, pilosius-
culis ; calycis dcntihus
brevi-sul)uialis ; panicu-
la teni.inali simpliciiiscu-
la ; caule piloso, scabro.
Pursh, i. p. So.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 152.

C. prsecox, Walt, p. 65.

C. purpurea, Oemler.

Root perennial^ Stem herbaceous, 2 — 5 feet high, s(|uare, furrow-
ed, glabrous near the root, above pubescent, with g andular capitate
hair. leaves opposite, very obtuse, sometimes a little cordate, sliglit-
\y acuminate, rugose ; slightly scabrous on the upper surface ; smooth
and dotted on the under ; 2 — 2A inches long, 1 — 2 broad ; petioles
nearly an inch long. Flowers in simple, terminal, naked racemes.
Calyx pubescent, persistent, the border 4 cleft, half as long as the
tube ; segments lanceolate, the 2 upper ones broadest. Coralla, the
tube cylindrical, pubescent, yellowish; the upper lip 3."^ cleft, seg-
ments obtuse, equal, yellowiRh, spotted with purple ; the lower lip
longer, dilated, fimbriate, purple. Filaments 2, much longer tlian the
corolla. ./jH^/zfrs incumbent, 2 lobed, purple. Germs A} fixed in a
torus, and furnished with an ovate gland on one side. Style filiform,
as long as the stamens, 2 cleft. Stigma simple, acute, sometimes
unequal. Seeds oval, glabrous, angled on one side.

Grows near Savannah. Found by Mr. Oemler, and cultivated by
him as a new species. Resembles too nearly the C. scabriuscula of
the Kort. Kew. to be separated from it. St. John's, Dr. Macbridc.

Flowers September — November. Bough-leaved CoUinsouia.

3. OvALis. Pursli.

C. foliis oblongo-ovali-
bus, utrinquc sul)acutis,
glahris ; petiolis lonii;issi-
mis ; calycis dentil)us
brevissimis ; panicula
terminali , simplici, nu-
diuscula ; caule glabro.
Pursh, 1. p. SI.

Leaves oblong-oval,
acute at each end, gla-
brous; petioles very long;
teeth of the calyx very
short ; panicle terminal,
simple, naked ; stem gla-
brous.

Flowers very small, yellow.
Found in Carolina by Mr. Fraser.
Flowers Au";ust.

36

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

4. TuBEROSA. Mich.

C. foliis subrhombei-
ovalibus, utrinqiie acutis,
glabris ; calycis dentibus
setaceisjtubo longioribus ;
panicula composita, folio-
sa ; caule ramoso, sub-
villoso. Pursh, 1. p. si.

Leaves somewhat rhom-
boid-oval, acute at each
end, glabrous; teeth of
the calyx setaceous, long-
er than the tube ; panicle
compound, leafy ; stem
branching, somewhat
hairy.

Leaves large, rhomboidal or oval, with large

Mich. 1. p. 17. ^

C. serotina, Walt. p. 65.

Stem 5 — 4 feet high
and somewhat hooked serratures, thinly sprinkled wit hair, on long
footsalks, excepting the upper pair, which, as described by Walter,
are ovate, nearly heart-shaped and sessile.

Grows in the middle and upper country of Carolinaj in fertile sOil».

Flowers September.

6. Punctata.

C. foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis, acuminatis, basi acu-
tis, subtus pubescentil>us
punctatisque ; panicula
composita. E.

Leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate, acute at
base, pubescent under-
neath, and dotted -, pani-
cle compound.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, 2 — 6 feet high,
scabrous, pubescent, branched near the summit. Leaves opposite,
large, dentate, scabrous, pubescent on the upper surface, almost to-
mentose on the lower, acute, sometimes acuminate at each end ; up-
per pair ovate, nearly sessile. Flowers in paniculate racemes. Ped-
unc es^culya^, corolla, and under surface of the leaves sprinkled with
resinous atoms. Upper lip of the calyx 5 cleft ; the lower lip longer,
S cleft, segments all acute. Corolla yellowish, pubescent without,
hairy within ; the upper segments equal, short, obtuse ; the lower one
longer, fimbriate, t'itaments 4; the 2 upper ones short, capitate, ste-
rile ; the 2 lower filiform, twice as long as the corolla. Anthers obr
Jong, furrowed. Seeds globose, shining ; 1 or 2 coming to maturity.

Grows in rich loose soils. Frequent.

Flowers September — October.

6. Verticillata. Baldwin.
^ C. foliis vertici]latis,oval
jbus, acuminatis. B.

Leaves verticillate, oval

and acuminate.

DIANDRIA DIGYNIA*

87

Stem simple, hei-h.-tcooiis, erect, commonly about one foot high.
yinicers in a terminal verticillate raceme. B.

Var. b. purpurascens; with flowers of a purplish colour, and panicle
short

Var. a. jjrnws near Milledjievillo, between the Oconee and Oak-
inul:;ee rivers, Georgia ;*far. 6. near Crooked river bridge, Camdea
county, (Jeorjria.

Flowers May. Verticillate -leaved Collinsonia.

7. Anisata. Sims.

C. foliis ovatis. corda-
tis, rugosis, glabiiusculis,
nervis subtus pubesccnti-
biis ; calycis dentil)us li-
nearil)us, tubum subse-
quantibiis ; panicula coni-
posita, foiiosa, pubes-
cente; floribus tetrandris ;
caule ranioso, pubes-
cente. Pursb, 1. p. 21.

Leaves ovate, cordate,
rugose, glabrous, with the
nerves underneath pubes-
cent ; teeth of tlie calyx
linear, nearly as long as
the tul)e ; panicle com-
pound, leafy, pubescent ;
flowers tetrandrous; stem
branching, pubescent.

Bot. Mag. No. 1213.
Flowers large, pale yellow.

Found in the mountains of Georgia, by Mr. Lyon.
Flowers July — September. winise-scented CoUinsonitt.

^/wv^^v vww-v W^i wv w^ vw \

DimDRIA DIGYNM.

vwvw vw wx. vv%« \

ANTHOXANTHUM. Gen. pl. 58.

Caljfx, gluma bivalvis,
uniflora. Corolla, gluma
bivalvis, aristata. Semen
1.

1. Odoratum.

A. spica oblonga, ova-
ta ; flosculis sub-pedun-
culatis, arista longioribus.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 15G.

Mich. 1. p. 39.

Ci2(?/i:, glume 2 valved,
one flowered. Corolla,
glume 3 valved, awued.
Seed 1.

Spike

oblong.

ovate

flowers on short pedun-
cles, longer than the awn.

zs

DlANDRlA DIGYNIA.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem erect, assurgent, 1 foot high, a lit-
tle scabrous near the summit. Leaves linear, acute, slightly furrow-
ed, flat, hairj, a little scabrous at base, ending in a striated sheath
shorter than the joints, hairy at the throat. Stipule membranaceous,
glabrous, ovate, 2 — 3 lines long. Flowers in an appressed terminal
panicle, crowded, resembling a cylindrical spike, Calyx, exterior
valve ovate, acute, membranaceous, the midrib green, hairy; the in-
terior valve similar, but twice as long, obscurely 3 nerved. Corolla^
valves equal, shorter than the outer valve of the calyx, truncate, vil-
lous : with an awn at the base of each valve ; awn of the outer valve
as long as the calyx, a little geniculate in the middle : awn of the inner
straight and as long as the valve itself. Filaments 2, longer than the
calyx, capillary, expanding through the sides of the glumes. Anthers
2 lobed, einarginate at each end, white. Germ lanceolate, acute.
Sti/lers 2, filiform, longer than the corolla. Sti^nas feathered, white.
Seed one, oblong.

Probably imported, now common. Found S miles from Savannah,
on the Oj^echee road, and near Ciiarleston.
Flowers May — June.

ERI ANTHUS. Mich. 1 . p. 54.

Calyx bivalvis, subse-
qualis, f)asi villosissima.
Corolla bivalvis, inajqiia-
lis, glumi inttM'iore juxta
apicem longissime aris-
tata.

4. Alopecuroides.

E. \illis involucranti-
bus calyce multo longio-
ribus; aristi:5 rectis. E.

Calyx 2 valved, the
valves nearly equal, very
villous at base. Corolla
3 valved, unequal, the
inner glume bearing a
very long awn near its
summit.

I Hair like involucrum,
I much longer than the
I calyx ; awns straight.

E. Saccharoides, Mich. 1. p. 55.
Anthoxanthum giganteum, Walt. p.
Andropogon alopecuroides, Sp. pi. 4.
Saccharum giganteum, Pursh, I. p. 73

911.

Root fibrous, perennial, forming large tufts. Stem herbaceous, erect
6 — 10 feet liigh, a little scabrous, near the panicle very villous. Leaves
2 — 3 feet long, 6 — 8 lines wide, acute, scarcely channelled, striate,
serrulate, scabrous on the upper surface, hairy on the under, at base
terminating in a scabrous sheath shorter than the joints, very villous
at the throat. Stipu e membranaceous, ciliate. Mowers in a crowd-
ed, very villous panicle; 2 — 3 spikelets from each bud or eye: ulti-

DIANDRIV DIGYNIA. 39

^late butis two flow 0 red, I sitting;, 1 pedunculate, both andro<;ynou3.
Caly.Vj cxtoriitf valve lanrcolate, slisjhtly acimiinate, the back llatteii-
cd, i\u\ unifies near tbe summit serrulate. Humiuit bifid ; interior valve
shorter, compressed, very acute, the back serrulate, the hair at the
base about twice as loni;- as the calyx. Corulla unequal, shorter than
the calyx, tirtSt'd with purple; the exterior valve lari;er, very acute,
membianaceous ; the interior much smaller, (he point terminating; in a
scabrous awn -4 — G times as Ion;; as tlic calyx. Filamfuts "2, longer
than the calyx, capillary, jlnthem briirht yelhtw, Ocrni oblong.
Stifles !2, shorter than the calyx, iiti^mns feathered, purj)le.

Grows in wet ground and in shallow stajjnant water.

Flowers September — October. Fu.v-luil Erianthus,

2. BuEviBARBis. Mich.

E. paniculu sub-paten- | Panicle ratlier spread-
te; villis involucrantibus | ing; hair like involucrum
calyce brevioribus; aris- | shorter than the cuhx;
tis rectis. E. j awns straiglit.

Mich. 1. p. 55.

Saccharum brcvibarbe, Pursh, 1. p. 73.

StPm 3 — 5 feet hif^h, near the panicle scabrous and a little hairy,
upper joints bearded. Leaves lanceolate, 1 — H. feet long, 3 — 5 lines
broad, somewhat scabrous, hairy at base; sheath shorter than the joints,
glabrous, the throat contracted, hairy. Stipule membranaceous, la-
cerate. Flowers in a crowded appresseil jwinicle, 1 — •2 spikelets
from each bud. Caly.v, valves nearly equal, hairy along the margins,
Derved, dark purple, the nerves frequently sj)inous. Corolla, valves
purplish, edges of the valves hairy; the interior valvtf terminating in.
a scabrous awn 2 or 3 times as long as the calyx. ^'Inthers purple.
Stigmas feathered purple.

Grows in dry and damp ground (not inundated) indiscriminately.

Flowers September — October. Short bearded Kriant/ins.

Dr. Baldwin remarks that the nectary in this genus is conifjosed
of two very small, oblong, bidentate scales, with a fine bristle between
the teeth, situated at the base of the irerm, and connected by a thin
membranous valvule; valvules lanceolate, twice the length of tbe.
nectaries.

3. Strictus. Baldwin.

E. involucro brcvissi- | TnvolMcriim very short
mo vel 0; |)aiiicula arete | or 0; panicle closely ap-
appressa, rainuhs renio- | pressed, the branches re-
tis; peduncidis billoi is ; | mote ; peduncles two
aristis rectis, calyce duplo j (lowered; awns straight,
longioribus. B. | twice as long as the calyx.

40 DlANDRTA DIGYNIA.

Stem A — 6 feet high, with the joints all smooth. Leaves very long,
scabrous alons; the edges. Panicle from one to near two feet in length.
Spikes scattered, very closely appressed ; spikelets uniformly 2 flow-
ered Invohicrum composed of a few scattered hairs about one third
the length of the calyx, sometimes entirely wanting. Nerves of the
calyx spinous. JintherSf stigmas^ nectaries and their appendage pur-
ple. B.

Grows near Savannah.

Flowers August — September. Close-panicled Erianthus.

4. CONTORTUS.

E. villisinvoliicrantibus | Hairy invohicrum as
calycern frquantlbiis; val- | long as the calyx; interi-
va interiore corollse auri- | or valve of the coroUa
culata; arista spiraliter | auriculated; awn spiral-
contorta. Baldwin. | ly contorted.

Stem erect, terete, somewhat scabrous near tlie summit, bearded at the
joints. Leaves long, linear lanceolate, scabrousalongthe maru;ins, beard-
ed at the throat. Panicle closely appressed. Flowers 2 at each joint or
bud of the branches, one sessile, the other on a pedicel. Valves of tlie
calyx nearly equal; the exterior acute; the interior a little shorter,
slightly 2 cleft; both serrulate and having a few long hairs scattered
along the margin. Exterior valve of the corolla membranous, acute,
shorter than tiie calyx; the interior still shorter, awned; the awn is
composed by the junction of tl\e two lateral nerves of the valve, in
this species, they meet just above the middle of the valve, leaving the
summit deeply two cleft; awn spiral and contorted near its base.
Seed oblong, slightly obovate.

This species was first brought to my view by specimens sent me
from Savannah by Dr. Baldwin ; I have since found it on Chaileston
Neck growing in damp soils.

Flowers October. Spiral-awned Erianthus.

The three last species were certainly united in the E. brevibarbis
of Michaux, they appear, however, to be sufficiently distinct.

TRrANDRlA MONOGYNIA.

4i

CLASS III.

TKIANDRIA.

MO.yoGr.vr^.

52.

AT^.^xvN^IIU8.

53

MILIUM.

24

rOFRIIV VVI\.

54.

[•VSI'M.UM.

25.

Fr.Di \

55.

CKRK.ai V.

26

TKIITKRELLA.

56

PHLKlNf,

27

IXI.\.

57

ALO: ECURUS.

28.

(IMS.

58

PA NIC U. VI.

29

LVCIINAVTHES.

.59.

DK.nARIA.

30.

COMMKLINA.

60

AfJRO^TIS.

31.

SYKNA

61.

SIIPV.

32

SIIITUCIDA.

6 J.

AHISTIDA.

33.

XYKIS.
Fril{KV\, — A?

63.

ANDROFOGON.

S4.

64.

AFUA

35

KYL!.I\(;T\.

€j

MELICA.

36.

SCHOEXUS.

66.

DACIYLIS.

HIIYN<;ilOSl'ORA.

67.

POA.

38.

CYPERl S

68

nitizv.

39

nUMCMIUM.

69.

UXIOLA.

40.

MAIU.SCUS. -

70

FESTUCA.

41.

SCIRI'US. —

71

BRO.VIUS.

42.

UlCMRHOMEVA.

72

AVENA.

43

TRICIIOITORUM.

73.

ELELSINTK.

44

EllOPUORUM. —

/^^ - 74

75

MONOCKRA.

45.

(JE\(;i:UU3-

CIILORIS.

46

SPARTINV.

76.

ROTI'MOELLIA.

47.

AKUXDIWRIA.

77.

KLY.MUS.

DIGYVU

TRfCrA'U.

48

MUHLKVPKRGiA.

78.

FROSF.RPlXVCA.

49

TRICkOinUM.

79.

POLYCARPON.

50

LEKKSIA.

SO

MOLLU(,0.

51.

PUALAKIS.

81.

LECHEA.

BOKRHAAVIA. Gen. pi,, ri.

Cnhjx inar2;o integer-
rinuis. Corolla l-pctahi,
canipanulata. plicata. Se-
men 1, nudum, iiilcruin.

i. EUECTA.

B. caule tcrcti, tricho-
tonu), iiiferne subscal)ro,
supLMUc glal)ro ; floril)us,
corymboso paiiiculatis.

Sp. pi. l.p. 10. Pursh, l.p. 3*1

CciJjix a iiiara;in. entire.
Corolla 1 pctalled, cam-
pan ulate, plaited. Seed
one, naked, below.

Stem columnar, tiicho-
tomous, ioiii!;hened be-
lo\v,smool\) above ; flow-
ers in corymbose pani-
cles.

i!%

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Root annual. (SY^m jointed, when mature scarcely viscid. Leaves
opposite, ovate, sometimes cordate, undulate, the upper surface of the
veins and margins purple, beneath a little glaucous ; peduncles very
short, smooth. Calyx a minute glandular ring, surrounding tl e base
of the corolla, scarcely visible. Corolla seated on the summit of the
germ, white, tinged with purple. Filaments generally '2, sometimes
5 or more, longer than the corolla, attached to its base. Anthers bilo-
cular. Germ infeiior, clavate. Style as long as the corolla. Stigma
capitate. Capsule ? inversely conic, 5 furrowed, ^eed one, oblong,
bipartible, covered with a furrowed integument, which udheres to the
capsule at each extremity.

Grows in dry and sandy soils Around Beaufort, commoti. Per-
jiaps imported, now completely naturalized.

Flowers June — September.

FEDIA. G.ERT.

Calyx ?\v^t\\\'^.^ — 5 den-
tatus. Corolla 5. partita,
re^uJaris et irregularis.
J\iix ? 2 — 3 locularis.

!• Rmjiata.

F. caule dichotomo ;
foliis oblongis, obtusis ;
capitulis i ivolucratis. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 184.

Mich. 1. p. 18. Pursh, 1. p 28.
Valeriana locusta, Walt. p. GG.

Root annual. Stem erect and ascending, columnar, pubescent,
nearly 1 foot high. Leaves opposite, sessile, entire, oblong, a little
epathulate. Flowers in terminal heads, f Fruit pubescent, some-
what 4 angled, naked at the summit, Mich.)

Grows in St. Stephens — Dr. Macbride. At Mr. Middleton's at
Ashlfly river. Common at the Coweta towns, on the Chatahouchie,
pr. Baldwin.

Flowers February — Murch.

superior, 3 — 5
toothed. Corolla 5 part-
ed, regular and in*egular.
Fruit a nut .? 2 — 3 celled.

Stem dichotomous ;
leaves oblong, obtuse :
flowers in heads with an
involucrum at the base.

TRIPTERELLA, Mich.

Corolla sexpartita, la- | Corolla six parted, the
ciniis alternis minoiibus, | alternate segments small.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

43

conniven*. Capsule 3 an-
glecl, 3 celled.

Flowers in a terminal
ad : ani^les ot tl
scarcely winged.

head : ani^les ot the germ

conniventibiH. Cajtsula
3-angularis, 3-locularis.

1. CAi'irAT^. Mk;ii.

T. floril)Us in capitulo
terniinuli ; gerinine ali-
gn lis suhaptero. E.

Mich. 1. p. 19. Pursli, 1. p. 28.
Aiiori. capital. Walt. p. G9.

Hoot fibrous, annual ? Stem erect, setaceous, 6-^8 inches hijjh, gla-
brous. Leavefi alternate, subulate, very minute. CoraUa white, di-
lated at base, clothing and adherin<^ to the caj)sule.

Grows in damp soils in the middle districts of South-Carolina. Dr.
Macbride — Mr. llorbemont.

Flowers September. Cluster -jloivered Tripterella.

S. CaMHLEA.

T. florihus paucis
(;? -5) in racenio ternii-

iiah ; germnie
alato.

an<

:uli^

Burmania biflora. Sp. pi. 2. p.
Clavton, 49. No. 248.

Flowers few, in a ter-
minal raceme; angles of
the germ distinctly wing,
ed.

16. Pursli, 1. p. 217.

Hoot fibrous, annual .'' Stem herbaceous, erecf, setaceous, 2 — 4 inched
hi^h. Leaves n\inute, subulate, //rac^fas >* 2, unequal, small, lance-
olate, concave, the lower one longer. I'alyx 0. Corolla one petal led, ti
])arted, bright a/.ure ; base clothing the germ: tube contracted; bor-
der six parted ; 3 sei!;meuts apparently exterior, large, acute, erect, co-
riaceous in the centre, membranaceous along the mar_^in ; the 3 smal-
ler segments linear, coriaceous, inflexed, conriivent. F'dami'uts 3, very
short, thick, inserted into tlie tube of the corolla. Jinthers 2 UAycA^
yellow. Germ inferior.'^ oblong, 3 sided, angles prominently winj^ed ;
win^s and germ a/.ure. Style filiform, rather thick, as long as the
stamens, 5 cleft. Utigwas 3, globose, apparently cleft on the sides.
Capsule 3 celled, 3 valvcd, winged. Seeds many in each cell, oval,
attached to a central receptacle.

Grows i 1 wet ground among Spha'2;niim palustrc, &c. near Savan-
nah, Mr. Oemler; also 1 mile from IJce's Creek, along the road to
Purysburgh.

Flowers October — November. IJlue Tripterella.

I have no hesitation in referring to this plant the Burmannia biflora
of Linnseus. The description of Clayton applies minutely. The "3
segments from the side of the pericarp ri'->onil)linii!; tlie feathered, of an
arrow," agree with the dilated, t ou;ih not actually featherd win;j;s of
the capsule. The si/.e. (he habitat, the time ot" lloweriny;, all acconl. 1
should, therefore, at once have placed the genus Hurmannia here;

44

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

but as this name appropriatelj belongs to the B. disticha, we mast
A\ait until that species can be again examined. I suspect that the 3 in-
flexeil segments of the corolla of this plant, have in a hasty examina-»
tion been considered as 3 filaments, and the genus incorrectl)' referred
(u Ilexandria,

IXIA.

Corolla 6 -partita, pa-
tens, jequalisj tubo recto.

Corolla 6 parted, ex-
panding;, equal, with the

tube straight.

Leaves linear, subulate,
many times shorter than-
the one flowered scape.

1. CfELESTINA.

I. foliis linearl-subula-
tis, scapo unifloro multi-
toties brevioribus. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 300.

Pursh, 1. p. 29. Bartram's Travels, p. 152.

This plant found b}' Mr. Bertram around the savannahs of Florida
and Georgia, has not been lately seen. No doubt hower can be en-
teititined of its exiotence, although its station may not be accurately
known.

Flowers April — Maj.

IRIS. Gen. pl. <J7.

Corolla fi -partita, laci-
niis alternis reflexis.
Stigmata petaliformia.

1. Cristata.

I. barbata, barba cris-
tata ; scapo suhunifloro,
longitudine foliorum ; gcr-
minibus trigonis : petahs
subfcqualibus. 8p. pl. i .
p. 22i5.

Mich. 1. p. 22. Pursh, 1. p. 29.

I. verna, Walt. p. 67".

(hoot creeping. Stem compressed, 2 — 4 inches high, clothed at
base with ensiform leaves. Exteiidr fetals oblong, obtuse, entire,
pale blue, yellow in the middle, witli tliree loniiitudinal, undulated
<3i-e6ts, instead of a beard; interior pefat's a little narrower, entirely

Corolla 6 parted, al-
ternate segments reflex-
cd. Stigmas resembhng
petals.

Bearded, beard crest-
ed ; scape generally one
flowered, as long as the
leaves ; gei ms 3 angled ;
petals neaily equal.

TRIANDRIA MONOOYNtA.

45

lilue. FiliDnenta and Jlutlicrs pnl»^ yellow. Stifpnnn pale blii<?, shorter
than tilt' pft;il>. Aitofi, lloit. Keu. I^t t'd. 1. p. TO.)

Grows in tlic dry pine barrens of tlie middle country; very com-
mon about Culunibia.

Flowers February — Marclu Crested Iris,

Leaves cnsiform ;
scape culuiunar, llexu-
ous ; germs soniewluit
three angled ; stigmas
fl toothed at base.

2. Versicolor.

I. foliis cnsirormil)iis ;
scapo teieti llexiioso ;
gcrminil)us siihtiigonis ;
sligmatibus hasi bidenta-
tis. Sp. pi. 1. p. 233.

Walt. p. 67. Pursh, 1. p. 29.

Root thick, creeping. Stem 3 feet high, flexuous at base, fre-
quently straight towards the sununit. sometimes branched, rather
tailor than the leaves. Flowprs "2 — 4 in a terminal raceme. Corolla
with the segments all spathulate ; exterior segments wilier than the
stigmas, yellow, variegated Mith purple, pu!)escent on the interior
surface, unbearded; border oval, obtuse, blue; interior segments
simdar but smaller, with palor colours, and shorter than the stigmas.
Filaments inserted into the tube of the corolla. Anthers yellow, li-
near, two celled, tlie cells attached to the sides of the contracted fila-
ment. Germ \\ii\\ the angles obtuse, obscurely furrowed. «S////<? short,
triangular. Siij^mas strap-shaped, •i tooflieJ near the base. C-ay-
sule obtusely 3 angled, ventricose, 3 celled.

Gr ws in ponds and along fresh water streams; very common.

Flowers April — May. Variegated Iris.

The root of this species of Iris vs r.strin^ient to the taste, and when
jjiven in the form of a decoction is decidedly diuretic. It enters vnto
the composition of a very successful remedy for dropsy. A dcc«ctH»i>
is prepared of it and the root of the Kryngium yurcifolium in the pro-
portion of three-fourths of tiie former to one-fourt!i of tlie latter, and
given to adults in the (piaiihty of a pint in twelve hours. It is usual
to persevere in the use of tliis remedy while any swelling remains,
ami to dimiiush nv increase the doses according to the elfe( t produred
on the urinarv discharge, wliich is ireiierally very considerable, 'i'lii*
preparation seldom or neverdisturbs tlie bowels, as might be supposeil
from the reputed character of this flaj: as a cathartic j but when the
proportion of the Eryngium is too great, it vomits.

3. Tripetalv. Walt.

I. foliis ensitbrmibijs ;
caulc teictf,roIiis loMGjiore;
rudimentis pctalorum in-
teriorimi tridentatis.

Walt. p. 6().

I. trideiitata, Pursh, l.p. 30.

Leaves cnsiform; stem
columnar. l()n,2;er than the
leaves ; rudiments of the
inlcrior petals 3 tooted.

46

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Root creeping. Stem slender, 2 feet high. Leaves shorter than the
stem, linear-ensiform. F/oit-ers solitary. Exterior segments of the!
corolla large, twice as long as the stigmas, nearly acute, unbearded ;
interiur scarcely longer than the style, 3 toothed ; the 2 exterior teeth
obtuse ; the middle one longer, acute. Htigmas 2 toothed near the
base. Capsule nearly cylindrical, obscurely 3 angled, very acuminate.

From specimens sent by Ur. Macbride.

Grows in the ponds of 8t. .iohns and St. Stephens; it appears circum-
scribed in its habitat, as I have heard of it in no other part of the coun-
try, and it was unknown to Dr. Muhlenberg except by Walter's de-
scription when I sent him specimens. As the I. tripetala of Thun-
berg has been removed to the genus Morsea, I have retained Walter's
name.

Flowers April — May. Three-petalled Iris,

4. Hexagon A. Walt.

I. caule tereti. flexuosa ;
germinibus trigonis, an-
gulis profiinde sulcatis ;
stigmatihus basi attenu-

Stem columnar, flexu-

011 s

germs 3 angled

, an-
gles deeply furrowed ;
stigmas tapering at base.

Mich. 1. p. 22. Tursh, 1. p. 29.

atis. E.

Walt. p. 66.
I. Virginica,

Stem flexnous, columnar, shorter than the leaves, 2 feet high.
Leaves ensiform. Floivers solitary. Exterior segments of the corolla
large, spaihulate, witli the summits nearly rounded, crenulate, reflex-
ed, bright azure, variegated at base witli purple and white ; the inte-
rior erect, a little spathulate, oval, pale azure, a little variegated at
base ; a line of yellow glandulai hair runs along the claw and base of
the exterior segments. ^'^>tliers linear, attached to the margin of the
dilated filament, yellow, the filament between them white i>tigmas
tapering at base. 6'a/;sM^e six angled, ventricose.

Grows in the river swamp at Ogechee, intermingled with the I. ver-
sicolor; but rare in sandy ponds where the latter abounds. Tiiis is
the most ornamental of our species of Iris. Six-angled Iris.

5. CupREA. Pursh,
I. caule hinc angulato ;
stigmatii)us corolla duplo
brevioribus, versus ba-
sin dilathtis ;
hexagonis. E.

I. fulva, Muhl. Cat.
Pursh, I. p. 30.

germinibus

Stem angled on one
side ; stigmas twice as
sbort as the corolla, di-
lated near their base ;
germ (J angled.

TRTANnRTA MONOGYNIA.

47

Stem Ci n ct liii;h, flexuous, the lower joints ansiled on one side,
/.frtivs ensilorni, niaij;ius very entire. Flo fVH G — 10. axillary, 2
IVequentlv in each axil. Corolla tawny; tlic exterior sei^nionts obo-
vale, en»ary;inale : the interior smaller. C»pr»i six angled. Stigmas
diated near the base, somewhat toothed ; the marj;in membranaceous,
taperiii:; at base. Capsule acutely six any:led, ventricose.

(irows in the marshos of the Alatanmha — Mr. Le Conte.

Flowers Ai)ril — May. Tawny Iris,

LACHNANTHES. E.

Corolla supcra, limI)o
scxparlito, laciiiiis iiiae-
qimliljus. Stigma minu-
tissimetrifidum. Capsu-
lu 3-locularis, truncaia,
polvspcnua.

1. TiNcrouiA.

Corolla superior, border
6 parted, segments une-
qual. Stigma minutely
3 lobed. Capsule 3 cell-
ed, truncated, many seed-
ed-

Anon, tinctor. "NVaU. p. GB.
Heritiera Gmelini, Mich. 1. p. 21 — 24.
Dilatris lleritieia, Persoon, 1. p. 54.
Dilalris tinctoria, Pursh, 1. p. 80.

Itoot fibrous, perennial. Stem erect, simple, herbaceous, 2 feet high,
columnar, becomin;; hairy towards the summit. Leaves alterna e,en-
siform, shorter tiian the stem, /''lowers in a corymbose panicle. Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla 1 petalled : tube short; 3 sp2;ments smaller, linear ; 3
lanceolate : corolla tomentosc without, dilating over the germ, cloth-
ing it, and forming its outer integument. Filaments 3, equal, fili-
form, longer than the corolla, and inserted into its tube. Jlnthers
linear. Germ globose, '''tule filiform, ileclinin^,as long as the stam-
ens. Stif;ma (small. Walt.) (minutely ."> lot>cd, Mich.) Capsule glo-
bose, 3 valved, bursting at the sides, i^eeds 6—7 in each cell, round,
compressed, attached to a central rccey)tacle.

I have used the minute descriptions of NN'alter & Michaux compar-
ing tliem with excellent s|)ecimens. I have not seen the plant alive.

This plant cannot be referred to the genus Dilatris, its vwnnpetal-
ous corolla, equal Jilaments, and many seeded cells forbid ; and (ime-
lins generic name of Heritiera is now apjdied to another plant. It
bears a great affinity to the Conostylis Americana of Pursh and may
at some future period be associated with it.

(irows in ponds and savannahs of the pine barrens.

Flowers July — August. Yellow-rooted Trichoma.

48

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

COMMELINA. Gen. pl. 86.

Corolla G i)etalled.
JVectaries 3, cross shap-
ed, inserted on their own
filaments.

Two petttlled; 2 pe-
being conspicuously

tals

larger.

Corolla unequal; leaves
ovate lanceolate, acute;
stem creeping, glabrous.

Corolla 6-petala. JV>t-
tai'ia 3, cruciata, filamen-
tis propiiis inserta.

* Dipetaloe; obduope-
tala ma jura,

1. Communis.

C. corollisinajqualibus;
foliis ovato-lanceolatis,
acutis ; caule rcpente.
Sp. pl. 1. p. Si 9.

Puish, 1. p. 32.

C. caroliniana? Walt. p. 68.

Root fibrous, annual. Stem prostrate, creeping, joinletl, round,
striated, smooth, much branched. Leaves alternate, smooth, obscure-
ly 7 nerved, the margin cartilaginous, finely serrulate, terminating in
a short open ciliate sheath. Flowers 1 — 3 on solitary peduncles op-
posisite tlie leaves. Bracteas cordate, slightly acuminate, nerved, gla-
brous, ciliate particularly near the base, compressed, not secreting a
fluid, (as in the C. erecta): each bractea having at its base a sterile,
erect hairy pedicel. Cayx? 3 leaved persistent; the anterior leaf
ovate lanceolate; lateral leaves larger, ovate, obtuse. Corolla small,
S petalled, light blue; two lateral, spathulate, rounded, with long
claws, the third reniform. JSTectaries 4, irregularly cross shaped,
yellow, on subulate, unequal, sky blue pedicels, shorter than the sta-
mens. Filameyits 2, subulate, sky blue, as long as the corolla, insert-
ed at the base of the germ, slightly curved. Anthers incumbent, ob-
long, furrowed, sky blue. Germ superior, ovate, obliquely 3 furrowed.
atyle filiform, sky blue, shorter than the stamens. Stigma capitate.
( apsule \rrc\i}.\\2iv\y 3 sided, 3 celled, 3 valved; one cell frequently
abortive, ■^eeds 2 in each cell, oval, truncate at one end.

Grows in 8\\amps and wet ground.

Flowers June — November. Creeping Commelina,

S. EffECTA.

C. corollis insequalibus;
foliis ovato-lanceolatis ;

Corolla unequd; leaves
ovate lanceolate ; stem

TRTANnnlA AIONOr.VNTV,

49

erect, scabrous, very sim-
ple-

caiile erccto. srahro. siin-

J>rKissillK). h|). [)1. I. p.

250.

(\comnninisr Walt. p. f)8.

C an^ii>liri)li!i. Mich. 1. p. '2A. Piirnli, 1. p. ."^I.

Uuut p»'jvi»nial, fibrdiis: fibres thick, lli's'iy. Stem herl)aceous, pro-
cnmbeiit ami erect, a little pubescent and scabntus, biaiichirii>; near
t.'<' base Leaves na'row-lance.ilate, 5 nerved, s.imevvhat scabrous on
tlie upper surface, smooth on the under: sheath scabrous, ciliatc.
J'eduncles {generally 3 flowered, opposite the leaves. Flnirprs appnixi-
inatp, enclosed before flowcrin"; in a bru tea. liractea cordate, acu-
minate, compressed, scabrous, in the time of flowering fillel wit i a
secreted fluid. Proper peduncles succdent, round, as Innj; as the
bractea, curved and concealed in the bractea wlien youiii;, extending;
•when tlie flower is prepared to expand Cali/.r^ 3 leaved; leaves
oval, white, one smaller than the rest Corolla 3 petalled : "2 larirer,
Uf»:;'«iculate. cordate an«l rounti : one verv small. ^\'cfaries 4, on fila-
ments, blue at base, yellow near tlie s'lmmit; 3 as in^he former spe-
cies; one larrer, compressed, recurved, 2 cleft at base. Filaments 2<
Stifle lonjjer than the stamens.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Varies ;

a. in open jronnds. procumbent, branching, glabrous.

b. in shaded spots, erect, simple, sca!>rous.

Flowers ^' ay. JS'urrow- enved ommelina*

3. IIiu'Eij.A. Vahl.
r. luliis laiiceolutis, j)p-
ti')latis. caulcque erecto

Lf^ave^ laFirenlate, pc-
liolate and with the erect

pilosis, con(hjphratis: in- { st(Mn hairy, douhled; ii:-

iii\ oliK lis lateralihiis, ter-
rnirialihusque sessili:)ns.
Yahl. Eiimn. pi. 2. p. 160.

Pursh, 1. p. 31.
Stem lon^, branching. Pursh.
longitolia of Mic";a'ix.

Grow> in shaded, rockj situations.
Flowers July.

vol 1 1 cm HIS lateral
tciiniiial, sessile.

and

To this species Pursh refers the C^

Hairy Comme'ina.

** TJirrr pr I nihil; 3
petlils being larger.

** Tript'f'flrp ; petal is
trihus majnrihus.

4. VlK»;iMCA.

C. corollis siihjequali- | Corolla nc irly eqnal ;
bus J tbliis Liiiceolalis. j leaves LuiccolatCj soine-

^0 TRiAlfDIlIA MONOGYNIA,

what petiolate, witli the
throat bearded ; stem
erect.

suhpetiolatis, ore barha-
tis ; caulil)us erectis. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 2 0.

Walt. p. 68. Pursh, 1. p. 31.
C. longifolia, Mich. 1. p. 22.

Root perennial, f^tem herbaceous, generally erect, 2 feet high, stri-»
atf, columnar, slightly pubescent. Leaves oblong, sometimes ovate-
lanceolate, finely serrulate, scabrous on tlie upper surfiice, paler and
smooth on the under, sprinkled with a few hair3. Sheath furrowed,
rather smooth, tlie margin and throat cillate, with a nifous beard,
jp/ojrei's clustered at the summit of the stem, sometimes axillary in the
upper le;ivfs. ^rarica nerved, scabrous; wlien extended reniform,
enclosing: t vo pedicels, one fertile, the other sterile. Calyx? 3 leav-
ed ; leaves membranaceous, ovate-lanceolate, the upper one ver}-^ smalL
Corolla 3 petalled, petals nearly round, clawed, sky blue, the inferior
one suialler. JYectaries 3, ovate, yellow, emar^inate at the summit,
contracted and 2 cleft at base ; v/ith 2 lateral glands on foot stalks,
coloured, subulate, shorter than the filaments, inserted into t e upper
side of the genu at its base, rilaments 3, white, longer than the co-
rolla, inserted into the lower side of the germ at its base. Jinthers
incumbent, furrowed, somewhat sagittate, yellow. Style longer thai*
the stamens.

Grows in ditches and around ponds.

Flowers August — October. Virg^inian Cominelina,

SYENA. Gen. pl. 88.

Cabix 3-ph>llus. Co- \ Cali/x 3 leaved. Co-
rolla 3-petala. Ardherce \ rolla 3 petalled. Anthers
oblongse. Capsula i-val- | oblons:. Capsule i val-
vis, 3 locularis. | ved, 3 celled.

1. Fluviatilis.

Sp. pl. 1. p 254. Pursh. t. p. 32.
Mayaca fluviatilis, Aublet. 1. p. 42. t. 15.
Mayaca Aubleti, Mich. 1. p. 26.

Root perennial ? creeping, partly submersed, fornving moss-like
tufts Stem herbaceous, ^ — 3 inches hi<rh. Leaves crowded, subu-
late, 1 — 2 lines long, ^''/ozf'f'rs axillary, solitary, on peduncles lony;er
than tlie leaves. Calyx persistent. Filaments half as long as the calyx.
{Seed2io each valve. Mich.) F(P(/z(??c/eafter flowering, bentdown'wards.

Grows in springy ground, near Spring-hill, Savannah — Dr. Brickell.
Columbia, South-Carolina— Mr. Herbemout. Louisville, Georgia.-—
Mr. Jackson.

Flow«rs June* Mosa-like Syena.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNFA.

Sit

STIPULICIDA. Mich.

CahfV 5-partiUis. Co-
rnJId .i-petala. IStif^ma-
t(i 3. Capaula 1-locu-
Icuis, 3-valvis.

1. SoTACEA.

I Cnlux 5 parted. Co.
I volla ij pctallt'd. Sfii^.
I ntas 3. Capsule i celled,
I 3 valvcd.

Midi, 1. p. 26. t. fi.

PolvcurpoQ stipuliliilum, Pursh, 1. p. 90.

Root fibrous, annual? Stem eiciU 6 — 10 inclifs 1ii2:1i, smooth, di-
eliottiinoiislv, sometimes tricliofomoiislv branched. Leaves near t'lC
root small, opposite, sputliulate : on thebianciies 0. At each fork uf
the branches -2 fimbriate ^Stipules. Floicers in terminal cliisteMS,
(4 — 6 in each.) sessile. Curolla white, titamens shoiter tlian ti.e
petals, iityle short, ^eeds few.

Grows in dry sandy soils, near Fort Rarrini^iton — Mr. Lyon, Co-
lumbia— Dr. Macbride, near Augusta,— Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers May.

This jrcnus differs only by its single style and entire petals from
Polycarpon.

XYIUS. Gen. pl. 8U-

Corolla 3-pcta1a. jpqualis,
crcnata. G/zz/z/rt' bivalves
in capituliiiii. Capsula
supera.

Corolla 3 prt illed,
equal, C'oruite. Glunifs
2 valved, in a capitii-
luni. Capside superior.

1. Flkxuosa. Mulil. Cat.

X. rapiuilis arete iui-
brioatis; calyce bracteis
breviore, parce plumoso;
foliis lonjj^is, gladiatis, tor-
tuosi8. E.

Heads closely imbri-
cate; calyx shorter tbaii
the bracteas, sparinu;!/
feathered; leaves luiii;,
sword shaped, twisted,

Pursh, 1. p. 33.

X. Carol iniana, "NValt. p. G9.
X. jupicai, Mich. 1. p. 23.

Hoot perennial. Sfem herbaceous, erect, 2 feet hij:h, columnar,
smooth, spiral, furrowed vsith 2 lirie>. ddated at tin- summit. Leuvts
Bw«»rd shaped, a little dotted, spiral, 12 — 14 inches lonj^, sheatiiiu;^
the base of the stem. /' ower>i in an wvafe terminal, i'nbricate capi-
lulum. liractea an ovate or rounded stale, ri^id, concave, cuv«iiug

59 TRTVNDRI 1 MONOGYNTA,

tlie bud and the capsule ; the lower scales commonly without flowers.
Calyx 2 leaved, somewhat persistent; leaves nearly linear, nitlier
shorter ti)an the bracteas, slightly feathered on the back towards the
summit Corolla 3 petalled, claws nearly as long as the br;icteas, di-
lated above, yellow. Fi aments inserted into the claw of the corolla,
bearded, .'inthers erect, (rfrm superior, 3 angled, flattened. Htyle
as long as the staniens, 3 cleft. Stigmas obtuse, i'landular. Capsule
1 celled, 5 valved, opening at the angles, ■'■■eeds numerous, small, ob-
licjuely lanceolate, striate, (adhering to an elevated lib in the middle
of each \alve. Gfertner.)

A membranous sheath envelopes the corolla before flowering, and
the capsule after t!ie corolla decays.

Grows in i^at pine barrens. Very common.

Flowers July — September. Twisted Xyris.

2. FlMBRTATA. E.

X. capitiilis liixe im-
bncatis ; c^\yre bra'teis
nuilto 'ongioro, firnhria-
to ; to iis loii^is, gladiul-
ib. E.

Heads loosely imbri-
cate; calyx much longer
than the l)racteas, firitbri-
ate ; leaves lonji;;, sword
shaped.

'05

Hoot perennial. Stem 2 feet hign, a little scabrous, dilated at the
summit. Leaves nearly as long as tiie stem. FLovpts in an oblong
capitulum, with the scales or bracteas loosely appress^-d. Bracteas
round. Calyx nearly twice as long as the bracteas, the keel divided
into long segments (nmbiise) that give tiie I ead a feathered asj>ect.

The corolla and anthers of this species require tuither examina-
tion.

Every species of Xyris exudes a gelatinous fluid from the roots and
base of the leaves, and this perhaps more abundantly than any other,

feent from Georgia by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers July — August. Feathered Xyris.

8. Brevifolia. Mich.
X. loliis subulato-glad-
jatis, brevihus : calvce

bracteis brevioje,
iiiciso dentatis. E.

Mich.

SLib-

Leaves subulate, sword
shaped, short ; calyx
shorter than the bracteas,
slightly notched.

p. 23. Pursh, 1. p. 33.

Hoot perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, compressed near the
summit. Leaves 3 — 6 inches long, linear, subulate, much twisted.
Head nearly globose. Calyx linear, rather shorter llian the bracteas.
The KeeL which in the former species is dilated and feathered, or

TRiANnnTA MONOGYNrA.

99

ileeply fringed, in tliis is only slijjhtly and irregularly notched /in-
cised )

Grows in flat pine barrens in tlie middle country of Carolina. Com-
mon.

Flowers August — September. Short-leaved Xijris.

4. Ji7NCB\. Baldwin.

X. foliis tcrctil)iis, fis-
tiilosis, acutis; scapo tc-
leti, l)a-^i vaa;inat(); hrac-
tt'is subrotunclis ; capilulo
ovali. B.

Loaves terete, hollow,
af'Uto ; scape teivte,
sli' athed at base ; l)rac-
teas nearly round ; head
oval.

7?oof perennial. Stem 6 — 12 inches hisli. Leaves 4 — 8 inches long.
Caly.v abmit as long as tlie bractcas; the keel slightly toothed. FilU'
ments naked. B.

Grows in dam;* situations in the pine barrens near St. Mary's.

Flowers May — June.

FUIREXA. Gen. pl. 90.

Jlmrvfvm inihrieatum,
squaiiiis aiistatis. ( alt/x
0- Corn/la 3-valvis, val-
vulis arista terminalis.

1. SqITaHRuSA.

F. luiiis angus'o-lance-
olatis, hreviorihiis ; capi-
tulis, plurihus (5 — 0) a^j;-
gregatis ; valvidis coiolli-
nis cordato-ovatis, niu-
cronatis. E.

Mich. 1. p. 37.

Stem 1 — -2 feet liiy;h, columnar, firmly erect, smooth, hairy at the
summit. Leaves 3 nerved, scabious on tlie up| er sui face, >niu(itli on
the under. «iistirictly ciliate. Heads nuny, ovate, agu:ie:.ate. in clus-
ters ot 4 — 7, stmietiines axillary. Scales of the amfutnm oval, nearly
smooth: aun loni;, expandinic. Valves of tlie coro//« pediiellate, cor-
date or abruptly rounded at base Jn-n shorter tlian tbe valve.

Grows 1 mile from Bee's (reek, on tlie road to Purxaburg, in wet
ditches

Flowers September — November. Rough-headed Fuirena.

AmenUim imbricate. ^^ith
awned scales. Calt/i' 0.
Corolla 3 valved, vahcs
terminated with an awn.

Leaves narrow, lan-
ceolate, short ; heads
many. (5 — 6) clustered ;
valves of the corolla cor-
date-ovate, with shoit
awns.

0ii

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

2. SCIRPOIDEA.

F. caulibus aphyllis ; Stem leafless ; head

capitulo iinico ovato ; one, ovate, terminal ;

valvulis corollinis ovali- | valves of the corolla o-

bus muticis ? | val, without awns.

Mich. I.p. S8.t. 7.

Vaginaria Richardi, Persoon, 1. p. 70. Pursh, I.p. 58.

^ffoui creeping, Mich.). Stem erecU 12 — 18 inches high, slender,
found, smooth. Leaves 0, but sheaths alternate, smooth, striate, ob-
liquely truncate, pointed. Bead one, (sometimes 3, A4cli fig.)
Scales of the amentum ovate, pubescent, awned ; awn short, erect.
Valves of the coroUa oval or lanceolate ; (in my specimens without
awns.)

From specimens sent from St. Mary's, Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers Rush-tike Hdretia.

Richard remarks that the involucrum of the seed of this species is
composed alternately of three scales and three bristles. Every flower
which 1 have opened contained 3 scales, and as the inflorescence bears
in other respects a suflicient resemblance to Fuirena, I have retained
it in this genus.

KYLLINGIA. Gen. pl. 91.

Jimentum ovatum s.
ohlongum, imbricatiim.
Caliix ^-valvis. Corolla
2-va!vis. Sp. pl.

CUilyx 1 -val vis s. o.
Corolla <e- val vis. Flores
capitaii. E.

1. MONOCEPHALA.

K. cuhno filiformi, tri-
quetro ; capitulo globoso,

Anient ovate or oblong,
imbricate. Calyx 2 val-
ved. CoroUa 2 valved.

Calyx i valved or 0.
Corolla 2 valved. Flow-^
ers in heads.

Stem filiform, 3 an^
gled ; head globose, ses-
sile ; involucrum three
leaved, very long.

^oot perennial, creeping, stoloniferous. Stem 3 — 12 inches high.
Leaves linear, shorter than the etem. Heads always gingle, uniform-

sessili ; involucro

tri-

phyllo, longissimo.

Sp.

pl. 1. p. S.56.

Muhl. Cat. p. 5.

TRIANHRIA MONOGYNIA.

15

ly Inclinlns: to one side. Ini'iilnrrinn sometimes with a fntirtli leaf, one
oftlie leave-i always erect, and twice or thrice the len;itii ot llie hori-
zontal ones. Haldwin.

Found near Suiibury, Georgia, by Mr. Le Conte.

Flowers October.

Ciilyx wanting ; corol-
la comprcssefl, 2, valveti,
valves uncqiitil ; head
nearly splicrical.

2. PuMiLA. IVIich.

K .? calyce nullo ; co-
rolla coinpressa, blvalvl,
valvis injpqualilnis ; capi-
tulo subgloso. E,

Mich. 1. p. 23. Pursh, 1. p. 46.

Root fibrous. Stem erect, 3 — ') inches lonj, 3 angled, glabro'ig.
Leaves sluirter than the stem, subulate, acute, sli,;litly keple<l, ex-
pandinj. sheathin;; the base of the stem. Juvolncrum generally com-
posetl of 3 leaves, unequal, long, similar to the root leaves. Flmvers
placed vertically in a sessile, terminal, nearly ^.lobise head, which
frequently buljjes at base, as if forming 1 or 2 smaller heads Calyx
or scale 0. Corolla 2 valved ; valves acute, compressed ; the keel
green, sides membranous ; exterior valve shorter t'lan the interior.
atainens 2. Girm compressed, oval- Utijle longer than the corolla,
2 cleft. Sti;::^uias 2. Seed naked.

I have examined this plant frequently, and at least patiently. Mj
observations do not agree with the usual description of this genus, auJ
may be itjcorrect.

Grows in clo«ie damp soils, around ponds, &c. Very common.

Flowers August — December. JJivarf R'l/llingia.

Calyx one leaved, im-
hricate; corolla -3 valved,
valves unequal ; heads
generally 3, ovate, some-
what acute, sessile.

3. Macui,\ta. Midi.

K. calyce nionophyllo.
imbricato ; corolla bival-
vi, valvis ina?qualii)us ;
tapitulis plcrunique tii-
bus, ovatis, subacutis, ses-
silibus. E. I

Mich. 1. p. 29. Pursh, 1. p. 47.

Jioot filipous. stem 3 — 5 inches hi'j:h, 3 an-^lcd, glabro'is. Leaves
and l)n'olucruin similar to those ol the preceding species, but ratlier
narrower, t'loirrrs in 3 — 5 ovate, iinl)ricatc, acute lieads, closely sit-
ting. Culi/x' I leaved, cuneate-lanccolate, anite, with the mitirib
green, longer than the flower which it ^nards. Corolla 2 valved,
valves concave, unequal : the exterior shortest, titamen 1 ? •it/^ma-s
2. jSferf oblon;;, nearly cjndrical.

06

TRlVNDRlA MONOGYNIA.

I have not been able in this species to discover an interior valve to
the calyx. The scales of the calyx in fact appear to form an anient
as in tlie genus Scirpus. but instead of a naked or bristle bearinj^ seed,
they inclose a seed furnished with a 2 valved corolla. 1 have dis-
covered but one stamen in each tiower; but as I have only seen dried
specimens, I cannot speak with certainty.

The spots from which Michaux named his species, I have not been
able to distinguish ; yet our plants agree in so many particulars, that
•I have been unwilling to change his name.

Sent to me from Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers Three-headed Kij lingia.

SCHOENUS. Gen. pl. 92.

Cfl'///m squamae in spi-
cam fasciculatfe, infeviores
vac u se . Corolla 0 . Stylus
deciduus.

1. Setaceus.

S. Pedunculis axillari-
bus terminalibusque, sub-
trifloiis ; culino tiigono ;

ft)liis setaceis.
Enum. p]. 2. p.

Pursh, 1. p 47.
Grows in Carolina,

Vahl.
219.

Vahl.

Scales of the Calyx col-
lected into a spike, the
inferior ones em |)ty. Co-
rolla 0. Style deciduous.

Peduncles axillary and
terminal, generally three
flowered ; stem three an-
gled ', leaves setaceous.

2. HlSPFDULUS.

S. pedunculis axillari-
bus terminalil)usque, tri-
stachyis ; spiculis subglo-
bosis, pedicellatis ; foliis ,
iiliformibus, hispidis. j hispid.
Vahl. Ennm. pl. 2. p. 219. |

Pursh, 1. p. 47.

Grows in Carolina. La Marck.

Peduncles axillary and
terminal, three spiked ;
spikes globose, on foot-
stalks ; leaves filiform,

3. Effusus. Swartz.

S. culino flioso. obtuse

triquetro j foiiib untiorsum

Stem leafy, obtusely
leaves acu-

angled ,

TRTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

6^

loatc, with the sharp ser/
ratines bcndiiii!; forwards;
panicle terminal, very
lonu;. (lilViisc ; seed ovate,
longitudinally wrinkled.

aculeatis ; panicula ter-
minali. pni'lonf]!;a, difViisa ;
semine ovato, longitudi-
naliter rugoso. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 26G.

stem G — 10 feet hiu;h. Lmves 2 — 3 feet lon^, 8 — 10 lines wide,
glabrous, with the marijins ami midrih most sharply serrate. Flowers
in compound panicles lateral and terminal, near the summit of the
stem, formin'^ altoijether one oblong;, conical, panicle 12 — '20 inches
lonir- Seed not conipressed, lr)nj^itudinally wrinkled, pointed by the
tapcrine: of its own boily, not by an attached tubercle, and without
gurroundinu; bristles.

(.irows in poTuls, and in fresh marshes.

Flowers August — September. Saw grass. Fresh xcater^Iarsh.

RHYNCIIOSPORA.

Cah/cis sqnamje in spi-
cam t'asciculaife, inferio-
res vacua?. Corolla 0.
Stf/Ius basi persistens.
Setaj basi seminis.

Scales of the Calyx
collected into a spike, the
inferior ones empty. Cu-
rolla 0. Sfijle persistent
at base. Bristles at the
base of the seed.

Spikes in corymbose
clusters ; stem above, 3
angled ; leaves linear,
channelled ; bristles of
the seed 10.

1. Alba.

R. spicis corymboso-
faciculalis ; culmo su-
perne triquetro ; foliis
linearibus, canaUculatis ;
setis seminis decem.
Hort. Kew. i. p. 127.

Vahl. Enum. pi. 2. p. 236. Pursh, 1. p. 49.
Schoenud albus, Micji. l.p. 34.

Root fibrous. Stem about a loot hi^h, very slender, glabrous.
Leaves linear, jjlabrous. Flowers in small corymbose clusters axilla-
ry and terminal. Ai/^jAp-s fusiform. G/zniif-s nearly white. iSV^'f/ len-
ticular, nearly smooth, crowned witli a conic tubercle : bristles re-
trorsely scabrous.

Grows in Carolina, Dr. Muhlenhcrg.

H

5B

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Stem andlpaves setace-
ous; panicles loose,, few-
flowered; seed olov.Jte,
rugose; hristles as long
as the seed.

Pursh, 1. p. 48.
35.

2. Rarifloua.

R. culmo foliisque se-
taceis ; pauitulis laxis.
paucifloris; seniine ol>o-
vato, rugoso; setulis se-
nen aquantibus.

R. micrantlia, Vahl. 2. p 231.
Sclicenus rariflorus, Mich. 1. p.

Boot fibrous, perennial, cespitose. Stem about 1 foot high, leafy.
Lpdve.s shorter than the stem, glabrous. Panicles lateral and teinii-
nal. Caly.r many leaved. (5 — 7:) the 3 or 4 exterior lanceolate, .iiu-
cronate, imbricate, smaller; the 2 interior resembling a corolla, ench
sheathing a germ, one of wliicli is frequently abortive. Filaments 3,
lonjcer than the calyx. Germ superior, compressed, obovate, crowned
vith a tubercle nearly of its own size. •'atigmns 2, acute, reiiexed,
i'eed like the germ, crowned with a compressed tubercle; bristles gen-
erally 3. '^ (I have seen 4), as long as the seed without the tubercle.

Grows in wet ground, bogs &c. Common.
. Flowers April — May.

3. Pliimosa. E

R. culiiio gracili, tri-

quetro; foliis linearibus ;

florihusterniinalibus con-

gestis; bracteis aiistatis ;

setulis plumosis. E.

Stem slender, 3 ang;-
led; leaves linear; flow-
ers terminal, crowded;
bracteas awned; bristles
feathered.

stem 8 — 12 inches high, 3 anjjled, glabrous. Leaves linear, the
upper ones longer than the stem, the margins scabrous; sheath short,
closed. Flowers in small clustered fascicles forming a loose cylindri-
cal s|,ike, sometimes an axillary spike a little below the terminal.
Bracteas ovate, terminating in an awn, which on the lower bracteas is
nearly an inch long, on the upper, decreasing;. Exterior valves of
the calyx awned; the av\ns shorter than the spike. Se^d rugose,
slightly margined ; bristles six feathered.

Grows in dry pine barrens. Common around Beaufort. Near St
Wary's — Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers June — August.

4. Cyimosa. MuIiI. Cat.

R. caule tereti; foiiis
linearibus; paniculis con-
fertitloiis, subcyniohis j

Stem round ; leaves
hnear ; panicles like
cymesj with the flowers

TRIANDRIA MONOOVNlA.

5»

scmino glahro; sctulisse-

tiicii

5.

E.

crowded; seed prlabrous;
Ijiisllcs setaceous.

Stem 1 — 5 fi'Cf liiirli, nearly rnimd. Leaves linear, acute, slabnum,
concave, nut cliatmelU'd. l'iitiictef> axillary and terntinal, leniote.
f'fl/y.r nenerallv (> leavi'il, the interior lonu^er; Dtitovate lanceolate, uiu-
cronate, of a tiark rerru;;inous colour; the tit'i shorter than tlie 5th,
v'lite, membranaceous, containin::; a steiile an»l fertile flower; the ste-
rile floret enclosed in a small sheatii of its own. Seed compressed,
lenticular, oval, mary;ined, smooth, crowned vvitl> a short c()m[iri'>se(l
conic tubercle ; bristles 6, setaceous, one Hard siiorter thau the mature
Bced.

(irows in bo^s, ditclies &c.

Flowers through the whole summer.

5. LONGTROSTRTS.

R. culino triqiietro ; I Stem 3 ani;lorl ; pani.
piiniculis sul)coiTinl)osis; | cles like coryinl)s; seed
seniine ohovato, mai's;!.

iiato, st\lo persisteiite
liMigo mucmnato ; setu-
lis scabris. E.

obovate. luariiiiied, point-
ed witli the loiia, persis-
tent style ; brisiles sca-
brous.

R. laxa. Vahl. 2. p. 231.

Schcenus corniculatus. La Marck, illust. 1. p. 132.

Schcpuus lonyiriciti is, Mich. 1. p. 35.

Sciioenus Ujnbellutua f Walt. p. 70.

fiff<'jn erect, smooth, 3 — 6 feet high L^flivs Hncar-lanceolatc, irre-
giiUirly serrulate, channelled, glabrous, 1 — 2i. feet lonij, 6 — 8 lines
wide ; sheath ;it ba^e closed, shorter t lan the jo n<«. Floicers'xn race-
mes supradetompountl, axillary and terminal, resembling; umbi-1^.
(\ihj.v with the uth or interior leaf inclosing; a ^enn ; betwec^n the .nh
and Gth leaf are found '2 or 3 sterile floret-, ♦•ach eml)race<l bv a small
l;incetdate membrane. Seed obovate, coinpressed, mari^ined, nearly
snijutli, crowned with a persi-tciit style tliree times its own lenjjtii ;
bristles scabrous, one third shorter than the seed.

Grows in ditches, ricefields and wet places.

Flowers Julv — October.

6. BiSTANS.

1{. ciihno tiiquetro ;
fl('rii)iis in fasf ieulis dis-
taulibus : scmiiie Ichticu-

Stf^m 3 anscled ; flow-
CIS in di.-^t•.llt clu8ter> ;
seed Iciuicidar. sligbliv

6#

TRIANDRI A MONOGYNIA.

lari, Isevissime sulcatoj | furrowed ; bristles seta*
setulis setaceis. | ceous.

Pursh, 1. p. 48.

Schcenus distans, Mich. 1. p. 36.

Stem 12 — 20 inches high. Leaves linear, glabrous, with the mar-
gins serrulate ; sheath at base closed. Clusters oi' Jiowers axillary,
on peduncles moderately long ; each spikelet sessile. 6'eecl to the
naked eye nearly smooth, under a lens transversely sulcate ; tubercle
nearly conic, depressed, short; bristles setaceous as long as the seed.

Grows in wet soils.

Flowers June — September.

7. Punctata. E.

R. fasciculis approxi-
matis ad summitatem
caulis, lateralibus termi-
nalibusqiie ; semiiiibus
rugosis, piinctatis. E.

Fascicles
terminal
at the
stem;
ted.

lateral and

near together

summit of the

seeds rugose, dot-

Stem slender, 1 — 2 feet high, 3 angled. Leoi-^s linear-lanceolate,
acute, scabrous along the margins, slightly channelled, generally short.
Floicers in small fascicles clustered near the summit of the stem,
where the joints become very short. Lower glumes of the caly.v mu-
cronate, the upper acute, iieed rugose, dotted in the furrows, com-
pressed ; crowned with a compressed, conic tubercle. Bristles longer
than the seed. Near to R. distans, from whicli it differs by its clus-
tered heads, its shorter.^ leaves, but principally by the seed, which in
tliat species is turgid, very slightly furrowed, with the tubercle de-
pressed ; while in this it is smaller and more I'ugose,

Grows in Georgia. Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers —

8. Fascicularis.

R. floribus fasciculatis,
lateralibus terminalibus-
que ; bracteis brevibus ;
spiculis oblongis ; squa-
niis mucronatis ; setuHs
semine Isevi duplo longi-
oribus.

■ Pursh, 1. p. 48,

Schceuus fascicularis, Mich. 1. p. 37,

Flowers in fascicles, la-
teral and terminal; brac-
teas short ; spikelets ob-
lons: scales mucronate :

'f-»5

bristles twice as long as
the smooth seed.

TRIANURIA MONOGYNIA.

61

I am unac(|uaintctl with this species. Michaux achls that the leave§
are iiariDw ami Ihit ; tlie spikes few and glabrous} ami the bristles &
little hispid.

Inhabits Carolina. Mich.

9. Glomer.vta.

|{. spiels coi7iTi])OSO-
fasciculatis, remotissimis,
geniinatis ; culmo ohtiis-
aiigiilo; ibliis lincaribus.
Vaiil. 2. p. 234.

Sp. pi. 1. p.

No. 585.

Spikes clustered in co-
rymbs, very distant, by
pairs; stem obtusely an-
gled; leaves linear.

2G6. Pursh, 1. p. 48. Walt. p. 69.^ Clayton, p. 9.

This 3piecic5 has desrended to us from Clayton, but is to me still
obscure, lie lemarVc that the heads are composed of ten or
more dusky, acuniinatc spikes, sitting on long erect peduncles that
glow fioin ihc j(iiiit.«, '^tem geniculate, leaf 3 angled.

This description nearly applies to the R. capitellata of tins Sketch,
Init tlic twin peduncles, \vhicn arc mentioned by Gronovius, though
not by Clayton, 1 lia\ e not noticed in any of our species of Rhyncho-
spora.

Grows in Carolina. Pursh, on the authority of Walter.

10. Capifellata.

K. caule triquetro; flo-
ribus in capitulis axillari-
bus; semine oblongo-obo-
vato, mucronato; setulis
scabris.

Stem 3 angled ;
tlowers in axillary heads;
seed oblong, obovate,
pointed with a subulate
tubercle ; bristles scab-
rous.

Pursh, 1. p. 49?

Scluenus capitellatus, Mich. 1. p. 36.

Stem 18 — 24 inches high. Leaves nearly setaceous, shorter than the
stem; sheath at base closed. i<Yo<rer,s in spherical heads on footstalk*
scarcely longer than the sheaths. Heed compressed, nearly cuneiform,
crowned witli a subulate tubercle.

Grows in wet places, generally in poor soils.
Flowers May— September.

11. Inex'pansa.
R. culmo obsolete tri-
(juetro, paniculifi remo-

Stem obscurely 3 ang-
led i panicles remote,

63

TRTANDRTA MONOGYNIA,

penfliilous; seed oHon?:,
rugose ; hristles scaVnoiH,
twice us long as the seed.

tis. pendulis; semine ob-
longo, rugoso ; set ilis
scabris semine duplolon-
gioribus.

Pursh, l.p. 48?

Scliceiius inexpansus, IVlicli. 1. p. 35.
Stem 2 feet lii.sr'^, generally bending, round and smooth below, three
sidod, and a little scabrous near tie sunmiit. Leaves 6 — 14 iiiches
long, 2 — 3 lines wide, linear, acute, slightly serrulate, chaniulied.
Flowers in panicles axillary and terminal on peduncles long and pen-
dulous. Seed oblonii, compressed, rugose, crowned with a long, very
acute tubercle: l)ristles 6, scabrous, twice as long as tiie seed,
(irows ill wet soils.

Flowers through the whole summer.

4 2. Caduca. F,
R. rulnio tiiqiietro :
paf iciilisaxillaril)us. erec-
tis ; spiculis fasciciilatir^,
srssilibus ; semine l( nti-
cnhni, rugoso; setulis se-
mine duplo longioiif ue.

Stem 3 angled ; pani-
cles axillary, gencri^lly
erect; sj)ike]cts cluster-
ed, sessile; seed lenticu-
lar, rugose; Ifristles twice
as long as the seed.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous, finely ser-
rulate. Common peduncle of t!ie panicle twice as lon^ as the sheath.
Tnhercle compressed, conical, short. Tiiis species is nearly allied to
R, sparsnsfrom which it di ers in having its spikelets larger, cluster-
ed, and its panicle rather appressed than diffused. It is also remark-
able ior the facility with which if drops its mature glumes, so that in a
specimen where the seeds are perfect, many of them will be found na-
ked, adliering to tlieir pedicels.

Grows in wet soils. Around Cl-.arleston, common. I have a varie-
ty sent from .Savannah by Dr. Baldwin with solitary flowers.

Flowers in mid-summer.

iS. Spars .

R. culino tiiquetro ;
paniculis axillaii'ujs, dif-
iusis, s|)iruli-^ omrsibus pe-
diccllatis; semine obovato
rugoso ; s- tulis semine
duplo l^no;ioribus.

Pursh, 1. p, 4'\

Schoeuus sparsus, Mich. 1. p. 35.

Stem 3 angled; pani-
cles axilhnv, diffuse, with
all tlie sj)ikes on foot-
stalks ; seed obovate, ru-
gose ; biisiles twice as
lon,2: as the seed.

TRT XNDRIA MONOGYNlA,

68

Sff^m erect, 2 fevt liiji;h. [..eavea linear laiict'olate, glabrous, finely
serrulate, 8 — Hi iiiclies lony;, 3 — 4 lines V'iile, sheath at their base
cli»se«l. Flowers in panicles, every way expandlnj;; coixmuhw pe'hin-
elf a little lon:;;er than the slirath : each spikelet nn a peduncle 2 — G
lines lon<>;. SfcH cr n\ iumI wit!, a verv small tubercle.

(iiows in wet sniU, in pine barrens generally.

Flowers May — August.

CYPERUS. Gen. pl. 9:^.

(ilinnes chaffv, imbri-
cate in 2 rows. Corolla
o. !Seed one, naked.

Strm columnar, nak-
ed, jointed.

Chini{r palcacrsp, dis.
tic he iml)riiattr. Corolla
o. Sfjf/eri 1. iiuUiin.

1. Alt rirrLATLS.

C. cidnio tereti, nudo,
aitit ulato. Sp. pl. i. p.
270.

Mich. l.p. 27. Pursh, 1. p. 50.

floo^ jointed, cieepinij, perennial. Stem erect, 3 — 6 feet hisjh, fil-
led with a ^pon^y pulp and irregularly jointed, cothed at base wit!i 2
or 3 small sheath-like leaves. Flowers in compound umbels ; the spike-
lets subulafe, many flowered (10 — 20.) Scales of the caly.r lanceo-
late, rather obtuse: midrib y;reen, the sides membranaceous, white
srpotted with red : the -1 or 3 lower ;trlume> sterile. Filaments 3. .i?i-
ihers oblong;, 2 lobed. yellowish Germ ovate. Style filiform, longer
than the ;ilumes. Ai7/^ma.s 3, simple, acute.

Grows in wet places, in the river swamps at Ogechee, around
ponds on Hilton Head.

Flowers June — August. Jointed Cyperus.

2. FA^iCICrLATUS. E.

€. s|jiciili>^ ovalo ol)-
l')nj2;is, muhifloris, fasci-
culato-ter?ninalil)ii^ ; in-
YoliK ro dipli\lIo Toliis-
que anguslissime lineari-
bus. E.

Spikelots ovate oblonjj;,
many H >wered, in termi-
nal ias< icles; iiivolucriifii
two leaved, and witli the
leaves linear and very
narrow.

stem 6 inches high, 3 ann;1ed. Leaves I — 2, very narrow, almost
.setaceous, shorter than the stem. Involucrum 2 leaved, one scaicely
l(iiij;er than the spikes, the other very Ion;;. Spkrletsa — r,all,in mjr
feptrimens, sessile, 12 — 24 flnweied. Valves ratiier obtuse^ the keel
deep green, tiie margins membranaceous.

64

TRIANDRIA MONO GYNIA.

Certainly very near the next species, yet differing in many respects.
To the C. nlveus, and to the C. difformis as described in note Sp. pi.
3. p. 281. these plants have mucli affinity.

Grows near Milledgeville Georgia. Dr. Boykin.

3. PojEFORMis. Piirsh.

C. spiciilis oblongis,
complanatis, fasciculato-
corynibosis ; fasciculis
sessilibus pedunculatis-
que ; involucre triphyllo,
longissimo. Pursh, 1. p.
00.

Plant a span high. Leaves narrow linear, glabrous, scarcely as long
as the stem Stem 3 angled, gla'orous. /wfoZ?^cr«?H three leaved, two
very long. Fascicles of jloivers ovate, sessile, sometimesyon short pe-
duncles. Spikes ovate, oblong, short, 4 — 6 flowered. Valves ovate^
obtuse, keeled, yellowish. Pursh.

Grows in sandy fields — South-Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July.

Spikes oblong, flatten-
ed, in corymbose fasci-
cles ; fascicles sessile and
on peduncles ; in vol u-
crum three leaved, very
Ion

&•

4. Kyllinc^oides,
C. capitulo globoso;
spiculis oblongis, convex-
is, suboctofloris; involu-
cre tetraph}llo, foliisque
carinatis laxis. Vahl.
Enum. pi. 2, p. 3 IS.

Pursh, 1. p. 50.

Head globose; spikes
oblong, convex, general-
ly eight flowered; invo-
lucrums 4 leaved, and
with the keeled leaves
loose.

Stem 3 angled.

Grows in wet pine woods— New-Jersey— -Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers June.

6. AUTUMNALIS.

C. spiculis linearibus,
terTninalibus,digitato sub-
ternis ; umbella involu-
crum diphyllum subse-
quante. Vahl. Enum. pi.
S. p. 3t8.

Pursh, 1. p. 51..

Spikes Uwear, terminal,
digitate, generally by
threes ; umbel as long as
the two leaved involu-

crum.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

69

SfiikfH very slcnilor. Valves purple with a green keel. Stem near-
ly cvliiidrical. I'ui>h.

Grows alon'jf the margins of ponds and ditches*
Flowers July — August.

6. CoMriir.ssus.

C. culmo ti'iqiictro,
inulo ; iinil)e]lis coinposi-
tis; spiculis capitatis, mul-
litloris; gliimis aciiniinat-
is, lateribus niciubraiiacc-
is. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 28£.

Stem 3 anjiiled, nak-
ed ; umbels compound ;
spikelets capitate, many
flowered; glumes acumi^
nate, with tiuir margins
membranaceous.

Sloan, Jam. 1. p. lir. t. 76. f. i.

Stem 3 — 8 inches high, with the angles obtuse. Lf«res shorter than
tlic stem, linear-lanceolate, maru;ins and midrib entire. Spilcelpts
nearly sessile, somewhat capitate, oblong-lanceolate, many flowered
(lb — 27.) Glumes not mucronatc, the keel green, sides membranous,
nearly white. Filaments 3. Style 3 cleft.

The glumes are sharply acuminate, but not mucronate as represent-
ed in Sloan's figure; neither is the panicle, w itli us, in general so mucli
divided. In other respects the representation is good. The C. com-
pressiis of V'ahl and Pursh, (1. p. 51.) appears to be a different plant*

Grows in dry sandy pastures. Around Beaufort, common.

Flowers August — September.

7. Brfiz.tus. Richard.
C. spiculis oblongo-ova-
tls, obtusis ; umbellulis
confertis, apbyllis ; foliis
angustis. Ilicii. Linn.
Soc. Paris, p. 106.

Pursh, 1. p. 51.

Grows in the swamps of Cardinals
Flowers July.

Spikelets oblong ovate,
obtuse ; partial umbels
crowded, leafless ; leaves
narrow.

8. Vegetus.

C. culmo gracili, ob-
tusc triquetro ; umbcllis
decompositis ; spiculis
ovalibus, sub globoso-

Stem .slender, obtuse-
ly 3 angled; umliels de-
compound; spikelets o-
vul, in coiupuct globose

66

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

capitatis compactis; in-
volucro lonaiissimo. E.

heads ;
long.

involucrum vei^

Sp. pi. 1. p. 283. Vahl. Enum. pi. 2. p. S26. Pursh, 1. p. 51.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, nearly round. Lmues linear-lanceolate, chan-
nelled, finely serrulate near the summit, 2 — 3 feet long, 3 — 4 lines
wide; sheath at base closed, marcescent. Involucrum 4 leaved, tiie
lower leaves very long. Flou-ers in short, oval spikelets, generally
9 flowered, laterally appressed into compact heads. Glumes ovate;
rather acute. Stifles 3 cleft. Seed oval.

Grows in ponds and ditches 10 miles from Savannah, on the Au-
gusta road. On James Island, and around Charleston. Not common.

Flowers June — September. Compact-headed Cyperus,

0. VlRENS. Mich.

C ciHrno acutissime
triqiaetro ; unibellis de-
composits ; spiculis ova-
to-lanceolatis, sub globo-
so-capitatis compactis ;
involiicro longisshno. E.

IMich. 1. p. 23.

Cyperus glomeratus, Walt. p. TO.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high, firmly erect, most acutely 5 angled ; the an-
gles scabrous near the summit, sides concave. Leaves linear-lanceo-
late, somewhat compressed, the margins and midrib serrulate, 2 — S
feet long, 4 — 6 lines wide. Hpiketets commonly 16 flowered, lateral-
ly appressed into compact heads Glumes lanceolate, acute. Fila-
ment 1 .•* atyle 3 cleft. i>eed oblong, 3 angled.

This differs from the preceding species by being always a much lar-
ger plant, having a stem very acute, and larirer spikes. It is certain-
ly tije C. vircns of Michaux, but some other plant must have been
described as the C. virens by Vahl and Pursh.

Grows in rich swamps. Common. If incautiously drawn through
the hand, the stem will cut severely with its sharpangles.

Flowers May — Oct. Sharp Chrass.

Stem acutely 3 angled;
umbels decompound ;
spikelets ovate-lanceo-
late, in compact globose
heads ; mvolucrum very
long.

10. FlLlCULMlS.

C. spiculis linearibus.
globoso-capiiatis patentis-
sinns ; umhrlla sub-uni-
radiata ; involutiis tii-

Spikelets linear in glo-
bose heads, expanding ;
umbel generally one ray-
ed ; involucrum three^

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

67

pliyllis ciilmisqiie sctacc-
is. Vahl. Eiiuin. pi. ^.
p. 3:iS.

Pursh, 1, p. 51.
Grows in Carolina. Vahl.

H. Mariscoides.
C. spiculis I'mcan-litn-
ccolatis, p;l()l)Os()-capitat-
is ; uinbella paucii adiata
(I— s) vel 0 ; involucro
sill) 3-phyllo, pitelongo,
foliisqiic liiicarilms, ca-
nulicuiatis. E.

leaved with the stem se-
taceous.

Spikelcts linear-lan-
ceolate in i»;lobose heads;
umbel >vitli few rays
(I — z) or 0; involucrum
generally ;> leaved, very
long and with the leaves
linear and channelled.

Font somewhat bulbous. Stem glabrous, 1 foot lii;;h, naked. Leaven
x:hannelled, the margins and midrib serrulate, half as long as the stem.
Heads terminal ; sometimes one or two branches bear smaller heads.
Spikes compressed, two rowed, 7 flowered. Glumes compressed, ob-
tuse. Stamens 3. Style 3 cleft. Seed oblong, 3 angled ; bristles 0.

To the preceding species this appears to have much affinity, but I
have never seen its leaves or stem setaceous.

Grows in dry sandy soils. Around Beaufurt, common*

Flowers June — September.

Stem obtusely 3 ang-
led ; umbels compound;
spikelets crowded, lan-
ceolate ; glumes acute.

12. Flavescens.

C. culmo obtuse tri-
quetro ; uml)ellis compo-
sitis ; spiculis confertis,
lanceolatis; glumis acu-
tis. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 270.

Stem 8 — 12 inches high, smooth, shining, and with the whole plant
of a yellowish hue. Leaves few, slieathing the base of the stem, line-
ar, slightly channelled, the midrib antl margin serrulate, particularly
near the point. Slieath, at base closed. Spikelets lanceolate, 8 — 20
flowered. Cahj.v compressed, acute. Filaments '■Zt Style two c\t{i.

This plant which is generally considered m this country as the C.
flavesccns, differs from the character in the Sp. pi. by its obtuse stem
and acute glumes.

Grows in wet soils. Very abundant along tlic margins of saltwater
coves.

Flowers July— October. Yellow Cyperus.

m

TJRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

13. Graci-lis. Mulil. Cat.

C. ciilmogracili, acute
triquetro ; foliis triquetris;
umbellis conipositis ; spi-
culis lineari-lanceolatis.
E.

Stem slender, acutely
3 ani^led ; leaves 3 an-
gled ; umbels compound ;
spikelets linear-lanceo-
late.

Moot annual ? Stem about 12 inches high, acutely 5 angled, tender,
fragile. Leaves nearly as long as the stem ; the margins entire, sides
concave, sometimes compressed ; sheath closed, marcescent. Spike'
lets genera ly 12 flowered. Glumes lanceolate, acute ; midrib green,
the sides marked with two red lines, and an intermediate yellow spot*
Style S cleft.

Grows in damp soils, 2 miles from Beaufort near the main road.

Flowers September-i-October. Slender Cyperus^

Root tuberous ; stem
obtusely 3 angled ; leaves
recurved ; umljcls simple
and compound ; spike-
lets linear.

14. Hydra.

C. radice tuberosa ;
culmo obtuse triquetro ;
foliis recur vis ; umbellis
siiViplicibus compositis-
que ; spiculis linearibus.
E.

Mich, 1. p. 27. Vahl. Enum. pi. 2. p. 344. Pursh, 1. p. 52.

Root perennial, tuberous, creeping : tubers nearly half an inch in
diameter. Stem 3 — 8 inches high, naked, glabrous, obtusely 3 angled.
Leaves all from the root, sheathing the base of the stem, subulate, acute,
slightly channelled, recurved, a little glaucous on the under surface.
Jnvolucrum 2 — 3 leaved. Scales of the calyx ovate, compressed,
nearly acute, the keel green, the sides bright chesuut. Filaments 3,
twice as long as the calyx. Stigmas 2. Seed 3 angled.

Grows in the drift sands along the margin of the ocean.

Flowers through the whole summer. . JVut-grass.

This grass is becoming a gi*eat scourge to our planters. It shoots
■from the base of its stem a thread-like fibre, which desce'.ids perpen-
dicularly 6 — 18 inches, and then produces a small tuber. From this,
horizontal fibres extend in every direction, producing new tubers at
intervals of 6 or 8 inches, and these immediately shoot up stems to
the surface of the earth, and throw out lateral fibres to form a new
progeny. This process is interminable, and it is curious to see what
a chain or net-work of plants and tubers can with some care be dug
up in a loose soil. The only process yet discovered by which this
"H^-ass can be extirpated, is to plough or hoe the spots in which it

TRTANDHIA MONOGYNIA.

6f

p-ows ev^ry Hay thiou'^h :i whole sca'«on. In tlicir perpetual effofts
to tiirow tlicir leaves to the I'mlit tlie roofs become cxhauj-to'l and
poii"sli, or if a tew appear tl»c next spiin2;i they can ea<>ilv hv dui; up.
This experiment has been succcsslully tried liy John M'Queen, Esq.
of Chatham couiitv, Georgia.

15. Rrpens. E.

C. railice rcpcnte ; cul-
mo triquetro ; tbliis g;la-
hrrriMiij* ; umbrllti siiu-
plici coinpositaque ; spi-
culis coni'eriis, lineari-
lanceolatis. E.

Hoot creeping ; stem
3 angled ; leaves very
glabrous ; umbels si tuple
and compound; spikclets
crowded, linear-lanceo-
late.

liont creeping, throwinjj out suckers in every direction. Stem
12 — 18 inches hvA), 3 angled, with the sides concave, and the anj^Ies
gbtuse. Leaves long, narrow , thick, recurved, channelled, with the
niarixins very entire, luvolucr m 3—4 leaved. iiMri,er tiian the um-
bel, the leaves scabrous alon^ tlic margins. Umbel generally simple,
sometimes a little compound, many rayed. Spikes crowded, narrow,
lanceolate, 10 — 12 flowered. G/wj/ies slightly mucronate, yellowish.
stamens 3. 6tyle 3 cleft.

Jsear to C. hydra, for which it is sometimes mistaken. It is how-
ever a larger jjant, and creeps not by tubers, but by fibres from the
root. The involucrum is proportionally much larger, the spikes more
crowded, yellow m>t purple, wider, and the glumes more pointed
than in the C. hydra.

Grows in the fields and pastures around Charleston.

Flowers July — September. Creeping Cyperus,

46. TCBRROSUS.

C. spiculis lineari-lan-
ccolatis convcxiusculis ;
involucro triphyllo, um-
bella quinqueradiata lon-
giore. Vahl. Enum. pi.
2. p. 340.

Pursh, 1. p. 5-2.

Grows along the margins of rivers from Pennsylvania to Carolina.
Koots eatable. Pursh. Found in Georgia by Dr. Baldwin. I have
some suspicion tliat this and tlie prece<ling species are the same plant,
and that they are tlie C. phymatodes of Muhlenberg.

Spikelets linear lanceo-
late, somewhat convex ;
involucrum 3 leaved,
longer than the 5 rayed

umbel.

f

70

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Spikes corymbose ;
spikelets linear, some-
what convex ; involu-
cruni longer than the um-
bel j stem leafy.

. 17. TCNUIFLORUS.

C. spicis corymbosis,
spiculis linearibus con-
vexiusculis ; involucro
umbella longiore ; culmo
folioso. Vahl. Enum, pi.
.2, p. 347.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 284.

Pursh, 1. p. 52.

C. erythrorhizos ? Muhl. Cat.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, nearly terete. Leaves as long as the stem,
5 — 6 lines wide, channelled, with the margins serrulate ; the sheaths
inclosing the stem at base, but only connected with it at the roots.
Ji<voiucriim many leaved, 4 longer than the umbel, tlie 2 exterior
very long; the small involucrum linear or setaceous, short. -Spikes
linear, 12 — 20 flowered, very slender and delicate, glossy, chesnut-
coloured Flowers very minute, much crowded along the whole of
the partial rays. Filaments frequently 2.

Grows in rice fields, ditches, 6lc.

Flowers August — October.

18. Odoratus.

C. spicis corymbosis ;
spiculis subulatis, remotis,
distichis ; valvulis sub-
distantibus ; umbellis pa-
tentissimis involucellum
subsequantibus. Vahl.
Enum. pi. 2. p. 356.

Sp. pi. l.p. 284.
Pursh, 1. p. 52.

Grows along the banks of rivers from Pennsylvania to Florida.
Flowers August.

Spikes coiymbose ;
spikelets • subulate, re-
mote, distichous ; valves
somewhat distant; um-
bels expanding, as long
as the small involucrum.

\

19. Strigosus.

C. spicis oblongis laxis;
spiculis subulatis, patenti-
bus, remotiusculis ; invo-
lucellis subnuUis ; urn-

Spikes
spikelets

oblong

loose

subulate, ex-

panding, a little remote ;
small involucrums gene.

TRIANORIA MONOGYNIA*

71

bcllulfc radiis alternis. | rally \vuntin2;; partial um-
Valil. Kiuini.[>l.;2.p. 368. | beU with ullciiKitc rays.

Sn. pi. 1. p. C^l.
Mich. 1. p. 28.
Puidh, 1. p. 52.

Stem 2 — o fevt high, 3 angled. Leaves long, rather delicate, with
minute serratures along the marjiin. Involucmm uith two or three
leavfs lonj^er than the umbel. Riiys of the umhi'l 3 or more. Spike"
li'ts scattered near the summit ot" the rays, linear, subulate, many
flowered (1-4 — 2-4). I fl/ff.'» slightly niucronate.

As the spikelets seem scattered alonjj; the comj/ion, there is noftinaU,
inviducrum, and it is often a minute setaceous leaf.
Grows in swamps and ditches.
Flowers Auyrust — October.

20. Tetuagonus. E.

C. spicis oblongis, cy-
lindricis ; spiculis subte-
tragonis, paucifloris ; in-
vjlucro longissinio ; iii-
voluccllis 0.

Spikes oblong, cylin-
drical ; spikelets some-
what -4 angled, few flow-
ered ; small involucrum

wanting.

stem 2 — 3 feet high, naked ; angles near the umbel a little sca-
brous. Loaves 12 — 18 inches long. 3 lines wide,cliannelled. the mar-
gins and midrib serrulate. Umbels many rayed, racemes about an
inch hmg at the extremity of the rays, several sessile in the centre
of the umbel. Spikes^ — 5 flowered. Fnmj the width of the rachis
the spike is distinctly 4 angletl. Glumes compressed, nerved, sli^ht-
Iv mucronate. Stamens 3. ^tyte 2 cleft. Seed oblong, 3 angled.
bristles 0.

Found on Edings' Island; also near St. Mary's, by Dr. Baldwiiu
Rare to mc.

21. Flavicomus ? Mich.

C. culmo triquetro ;
umbcllis compositis : spi-
culis lineari-lanceolatis ;
glumis obtiisi."^, subemar-
ginatis. E.

Mich. 1. p. 2r. Pursh, 1. p. 53 ?

Plant very glabrous. Stem 1 — 3 feet high, 3 angled, with the an-
gles obtuse. Leave.s linear-lanceolate, channelled, nearly as Ions; as
tlie stem, sliglitlv serrulate near the sunimit; a little glaucous under-
neatii ; sheath closed, ntarcescent. 7»ii*o/Mc»'wm very long, glaucous,
with tiie keel and margins green. tSpikes lu — 12 lluwered, cxpand-

Stem 3 angled ; um-
bels comi)Ound ; spike-
lets linear-lanceolate ;
glumes obtuse, some-
what emarginatc.

7a

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

mff.

»»g. Glumes abiuptly obtuse. Style 2 cleft. The unibefs exhibit
generally a yellowish hue, but many of thfe spikes are tinged near the
base witli a dull leaden colour.

Grows in rich soils, near buildings. Vall'Ombrosa, Great Ogechee,
and arouud Charleston. In bogs it becomes a large plant, 2 — 3 feet high,
thick and succulent ; in dry soils, even where not sandy, it rarely
exceeds 12 — 15 inches in height.

Flowers May — September. Yellow-spiked Cyperus*.

Spikes distichous ;
spikelets liliform, expand-
ing ; florets distant j um-
bel strait.

23. i)lSTANS.

C. spicis distichis, spi-
culis filiformihus, patenti-
bus ; flosculis distantibus ;
umbella stricta. Vahi.
Enum. pi. 2. p. 362. j

Sp. pi. 1. p. 288.
Pursh, 1. p. 53.

Appears to be nearly allied lo C. strigosus, but I haVci seen no spe^*.
cies in this country with the spikes arranged in two rows on the com-
mon peduncle.

Grows in sandy and wet woods, Carolina and Georgia. Pursh*

Flowers

S3. Speciosus.

C. spicis corymbosisj
spiculis subulatis, disti-
chis; umbellulis involuqel-
lo brevioiibus ; oci eis bi-
aristatis; cuhiio acutangu-

lo. Vahl.
p. 364.

Enum. pi. 3.

Spikes corymbose i
spikelets subulate, dis-
tichous ; partial umbels
shorter than the small
involucrums ; ocreas
two awned j stem acute-
ly agled.

Pursh, 1 p. 53.

Stevi 2 — 4 feet high, not very acutely angled. Leaves 1 — 2 feet
long, 5 — 6 lines wide, deeply chanelled, somewhat glaucous under-
neath 5 the margins, midrib, and angles of the channel serrulate;
sheath closed, shrivelling. Flowers in subulate spikelets, attached oil
every side to a common peduncle, horizontal and sometimes divaria-
cate. Spikeiets 6 — 8 flowered. Rays of the umbel many, alternate.
Invohicrum many leaved, very long ; small involucrums longer
than tiie partial umbels. Common peduncles sheathed at base ; the
sheaths (ocrete) terminating in two segments, which on the larger
branches are subulate and nearly an inch long, on the smaller branches

TRIANDRIA MONOCYNIA.

73

{lirv resemble awns. Glumes oblong apprcssed. Filaments 3.
3 cleft. Seed ;> anslctl, compressed, slightly incurved.

Grows in ditches and wet places.

Flowers Auijust — October.

Style

SI. Enslenii. Pursh.

C. spicis corymbosis,
oblongis, basi rainosis,
juulis ; spiculis nuniero-
sis, divaricatis, confer-
tis, linearibus, subscxflo-
ris ; valvulis oblongis,

S])ikc3 coi'ymbose, ob-
long, brancbing at base,
naked ; spikelets numc-
jous, divaricate, crowded,
linear, generally six flow-
ered J valves oblong, stri-
ate ; involucrum 8 leav-
ed, as long as the umbel.

striatis ; involucro octo-
pbyllo, uiubcllam subsc-
quantc. Pursii, l. p. 53.

Stem 3 angled. Leaves linear, 3 nerved, glabrous, with the keel
and mar^^in scabrous, shorter than the stem. Invuliicrum about 8
leaved, the interior shorter, tlie exterior longer than the rays of the
the umbel. Spikelets* \ery numerous, horizontal, chcsnut -coloured.
Is it a variety of C. speciosus ? Pursh.

Grows in ditches and around ponds.

Flowers August.

DULICHIUM. Richard.

Spied' subraccmosjB, ex
axillis foliorum. Sjncu-
he lineari-lanccolatje,sub-
conipresssc. Stylus lon-
gissimus, biiidus. Ger-
ininis setulfe retrorsum
asperse.

1. SpATHACEUiM.

D. culmo tcreti, tiifa-
riani Iblioso ; spiculis pa-
tulis, subulatis, in race-
mis axillaribus. E.

Spikes somewhat race-
mose, growing from the
axils of the leaves. Spike-
//?^irnear.lanccolate,cum-
pressed. Style very long,3
cleft. Bristles of the^e/v;*
rctrosely roughened.

I Stem columnar, with
I leaves pointing in three
I directions ; spikelets ex-
I panding, subulate, in ax-
illarv racemes.

Persoon, 1. p. 65.

Cyperus spathaceus, Sp. pi. 1. p. 289. Big. p. 13.

Clayton, p. 9. No. 562.

Scirpus spathaceus, Mich. 1. p. S2.

74

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Stem columnar, striate, 12 — 18 inches high. Leaves Hnear-Iancco-
late, flat, margins serrulate, 2 — 3 inches long, 2 — 3 lines wide, always
pointing in three directions; sheath at base shorter than the joints,
loose, closed. Flowers in subulate spikelets 6—7 flowered, forming
axillary racemes, simple, sometimes compound; common peduncle
just as long as the sheaths of the leaves. Glumes linear -lanceolate,
very acute. Filaments 3. Style 2 cleft, persistent. Seed oblong, 3
angled, surrounded by 6 bristles scabrous and longer than the seed*

Grows in wet sandy soils. Common.

Flowers August — September. Sheathed Buiichiwn.

MARISCUS.

iSpicid siibteretes, in
capitulis aggreg^tis. Sta-
mina 3. Stylus 3-fidus.
Semen triquetrum, nu-
dum.

1. Retrofractus.

M. culmo obtuse tri-
quetro, pubescente ; um-
bellis simplicibus ; capi-
tulis obovatis; spicis su-
bulatis, unifloris, reflexis.
E.

Scirpus retrofractus, Sp. pi. 1, p. 304.

Stem naked, 2 feet high. Leaves linear, about one foot long, pubes^
eent. Spikes terete, subulate, generally 3 flowered, of which the lower
and upper are abortive. Glume of the lower flower obtuse, of the 2
superior ones acute. Filaments 3, adhering to the germ. Style S
cleft. Seed oblong, 3 angled, without bristles.

Grows in dry soils. Commoii in cultivated land.

Flowers through the summer.

Spikes nearly terete,
clustered in heads. Sta-
mens 3. Style 3 cleft.
Seed 3 angled, naked.

Stem 'obtusely 8 ang-
led, pubescent ; umbels
simple ; heads obovate ;
spikes subulate, i flow-
ered, reflexed.

f3. CVLINDRICUS. E.

M. culrao obtuse tri-
quetro, glabro; umbellis
simplicibus; capitulis cy-
lindricis : spicis lanceola-
tis, sub-compressis, pau-
cifloris (s— 5), patenti-
bi*s. E.

Stem obtusely 3 ang-
led, glabrous ; umbels
simple ; heads cylindri-
cal ; spikes lanceolate,
somevviiat compressed,
few flowered (2—5), ex-
panding.

TRl ANURIA MONOGYNIA.

^5

Stem nakcil, 2—3 feet high. Leaves I foot long, linear, channelled,
glabrous, the margins and iniilrib towards the summit acutely serru-
late. Spikes '2 — 5 rtowered, compressed, flowers distichous. Glumes
compressed, acute, nerved, keeled, looselv imbricate. Heed oblong,
3 aii:;Icd, acute at each end^ without bristles.

This plant resembles the M. ecliinatus. Its snikes however are
smaller, and more crowded, the flowers on each spike less numerous,
und tiie heads cylindrical.

Grows in cultivated land of almost every description.

Flowers tlirough the summer. i.'

3. ECHINATUS.

M. culriio obtuse tri-
qiiclro, glabro ; iniibcllis
siniplicibus; capitulis 2;lo-
bosis ; spicis liiicari-laii-
ceolatis, siiboctofloris
(6—8), patcntilms. E.

Scirpus echinatus, Sp. pi. 1. p.
Kyllliigia ovularis .' Mich. 1. p.

Stem naked, 1 — '3 feet high. Leaves similar to those of M. cylin-
dricus. Spikes linear-lanceolate, 6 — 8 flowered, compressed, forming
a perfectly globular head. Floirers in^wo rows. Glumes acute. Fi'
laments 5. 5^//^ 3 cleft, ^efrf 3 angled, without bristles.

Grows in cultivated land. Very common.

Flowers through the summer.

Stem obtusely 3 ang-
led, glabrous ; umbels
simple ; heads globose
spikes linear-laneeolate;
eight flowered, expand-
ing.

304.

20.

SCIRPUS. Gex. PL. 9.1.

GlinufC paleacete, undi-
<iue imbricatpe. Corolla
0. Semen i.

* Spica iinica, termi-
nali.

1. Capillaceus. IVlic

S. culmo tereti, pu-
sillo ; spiea ovata, acuta ;
glumis acutis ; semine
compresso, obovato. E.

Glumes chaflTy, imbri-
cate on all sides. CoroU
la 0. Seed 1.

* Spike solitarily termi-
nal.

1.

Stem terete, minute;
spike ovate, acute ; glu-
mes acute ; seecl com-
pressed, obovate.

Mich. 1. p. 30.

S. pusillus, Vahl. Enum. pi. 2. p. 245. Pursh, 1. p. 54.

7i

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA..

Boot annual? Stem erect and procumbent, 1 — 3 inches high, slight-
ly fui rowed. Leaves 0, but a sheath surrounding the base of the stem*
Midrib of i\\t glumes green ; sides ferruginous; margins white, mem-
branous; the two lower scales generally shorter. FUamentsS. Germ
crowned with a small conic tubercle. Style 2, — 3 cleft. Bristles 6,
pellucid, a little longer than the germ.

Grows in patches sometimes 1 and 2 feet in diameter, clothing the
ground like moss, and preferring places that have recently been aban«
doned by water.

Flowers March — June. Minute Scirpus.

2. Trichodes. Muhl. Cat.

Stem setaceous; spikes
ovate-lanceolate; glumes
generally obtuse ; seed
3 angled.

S. culrno setaceo; spi-
els ovato-lanceolatis; glu-
mis subobtusis; semine
triquetro. E.

S. acicularis.^ Pursh, 1. p. 54.

Stem 6 — 8 inches high, setaceous, glabrous. Glumes ovate-lanceo-
late, nearly white. Seed obovate, 3 angled, longitudinally ribbed?
tubercle very small.

Described from specimens found by Dr. Trescott, near Cliarleston.

Flowers June — July.

Hear -like Scirpus,

3. Simplex. E.

S. culmo tereti ; spica
subovata ; glumis obtusis ;
semine obovato, trique-
tro.

Stem columnar ; spike
somewhat ovate ; glumes
ol)tuse ; seed obovate,

o angled.

Eoot perennial. Stem erect, 8 — IS inches high, glabrous, (striate
when examined with a lens.) Leaf 0, but a short marcescent sheath
at the base of the stem. 6r/Hmfssubovate, obtuse, nearly white ; mid-
rib scarcely distinct. Stigmas 3, slightly feathered, glandular.
Seed crowned with a very small 3 angled tubercle. Bristles glandu-
lar, as long as the seed.

Grows in wet places, bogs, &c. Has some affinity to S.capillaceus,
but differs much in size, and by its obtuse spike and glumes. Re-
sembles S. tuberculatus in size and appearance, but differs in the seed;

Flowers through the summer.

4. FiLIFORMIS.

5. spica cylindrica, ob-

longa, obtusa, squamis
subrotundis ; seminibus.

Spike cyliadric, oblong,
obtuse, with the scales
nearly round j seeds

TRIANDRIA MONOGVNIA.

77

vcrticc luidis : culmis fili-
formil)us, terclibus. Vahl.
Kniiin. pi. 2. p. 248.

Pursh, 1. p. 54.
Grows ill wet places, ditches, &c
Pursh.

Flowers July — August.

nuked at the summit ;
stems filiform, terete.

from New-Jersey to Carolinsu

5. Palustris.

S. culmo tereti, striato,
nitido : spica ol)lon2;o-
lancpolata ; glimiis sub-
obtusis ; scmine obovato,
comprcsso, glabro ; se-
tuiis scabris, E.

ttHllf

Stem columnar, stnatc,
shining ; spike oblong-
lanceolate ; glumes some-
what ol)tuse ; seed oho-
vate, a little compressed,
glabrous ; bristles sca-
brous.

Sp. pi. l.p. 291. Pursh, 1. p. 54.

Hoot creeping;, perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, very glabrous.
Leaf 0, but generally 3 sheaths enclose the stem ; the interior G — 8
inches long, glabrous, obliquely truncate, toothed at tiie summit,
closed ; the 2 exterior loose, marcescent, much shorter. Spike often
oblique. Glumes oblong-ovate, midrib green, margins membranous.
iS'gf'rf crowned with a compressed conical tubercle, a little smaller than
the genn. Bristles 3 — 4, longer than the germ, lougheued with
small teeth .- bent backwards.

(irows in rice fii'lds, fresh marshes, &c.

Flowers April — May. Bog Scirpus.

6. Geniculatus.

S. spica ovato-oblonga,
squamis ovato-subrotun-
dis ; culmis teretibus, ap-
proximate interstinctis.
Vahl. Enum. pi. 2. p. 250.

Sp. pi, 1. p. 291. Pursh, 1. p. 55.

Hrows on the sea shore of Soutli-Carolina.
Flowers July.

Spike ovate-oblong,
scales ovate and nearly
round ; stems terete,
glowing in distinct clus-
ters.

Pursh.

7. Capitatls.
S. culmo subtercti,
sulcaio ; spica obtusissi-

Stem nearly columnar,
furrowed -, spike obtusely

78

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

me ovata ; seniine obo- ovate ; seed obovate,
vato, coriipresso. E. conlpre^se^l.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 95. Pursh, 1. p. 55 ? Walt. p. 70. Clayton.

Stem erect, 8 — 18 inches high, glabrous, inflated. LeafO', a mar-
cescent sheatii about 1 incli long clothing the base of the stem. Spilce
very obtuse, sometimes nearly globose, Glumes round, coriaceous,
the midrib at first green, then with the sides rufous, margins mem-
branous. Tubercle compressed, ovate, equalling, or longer than the
germ, smaller than the mature seed. Bristles 6, as long as the glumes,
scabrous.

Grows in bogs and damp soils. Found in abundance in spots oc-
casionally overflowed with salt water.

Flowers through the summer. Round-headed Scirpus.

S. TUBERCULATUS. M'lCh.

S. culmo tereti, striato;
glumis obtusissimis, laxe
appressis ; semine sub-
triquetro, tuberculo sa-
gittato seipso majore, co-
ronato.

Stem columnar, striatej
glumes very obtuse,loose-
lyappressed; seed some-
w^liat 3 angled ; tubercle

sagittate,
seed.

larger tliaii the.

stem about 12 inches high, sheathed at base with one or two mem-
branous marcescent scales, 1 — 2 inches long. Spike ovate-lanceolate.
Glumes nearly round, with the margin scarious, midrib green. Sta-
mens 2? Tubercle much larger than the germ, as large as the mature
seed. Seed striate. Bristles 6, as long as the tubercle, glandular,
feathered.

Grows in damp and wet soils.

Flowers July — August.

9. QuADRANGULATUS.

S- culmo acute quad-
rangulato, lateribus tribus
concavis, uiio latiore, pia-
no ; spica cilyndrica ;
glumis obtusissimis.

Mich. 1. p. SO. Pursh, 1. p. 55.

Root creeping, perennial. Stem erect, 1 — 2 feet high, glabrous,
the sides sometimes all unequal in width ; clothed at base with 2
membranous sheaths ; the interior 3 — 4 inches long, closed ; the ex-
terior 1 — 2 inches long, open, marcescent. Spike an inch or more

Midi.

Stem acutely four an-
gled, three sides concave,
one wider, flat ; spike
cylindrical ; glumes very
obtuse.

TRIANDlllA MONOCYNIA.

yo

lonjj, C)limlrical. Glumes nearly rnnjul, tlie midrib j2;recn, sideb
rerrus;iii(iiis, tlie margins scarious. Filaments 3, very sliort. Style
n little dilated at base, scarcely forming a tubercle. Bristles 3, seta-
ceous, loiij;er than tlie perm.

Grows in swamps and boj;s. In rice fields it becomes a very inju-
rious intruder, as its thick creepin;; roots occupy the >;round,and per-
niit not'iinc; to prow where they extend. This is a very different
plant from the S. tenuis of Muhl. Cat.

Flowers April — May. Fuur-a»gled Scirpus,

10. EqurSETOTDES. E.

S. spicacylindrica, ter-
ininali, sqiiamis obtiisissi-
mis ; culmis teretibiis,
duplicato-articulatis. E.

Spike cylindrical, ter-
minal, scales very obtuse ;
stems terete, doubly
jointed.

SIpui erect, 18 — 24 inches high, terete, glabrous, slightly roughened
over the whole surface with small tubercles depressed in the middle,
distinctly jointed at intervals of 1 A or 2 inches, witli several ob-
scure intermediate joints, clothed at base with 2 glabrous sheaths, and
terminating in a cylimlrical spike an inch long. Scales very obtuse,
sc'trious along the margin, with a purple border just below the mem-
branous marg'tns. .'^^y/p 2 cleft, forming at base a slender tubercle
nearly the si/.e of the germ.

This plant, excepting that it wants stipules, bears at first sight so
striking a resemblance to tlie Equisetum hyemale, that al tlie sugges-
tion of Dr. Macbiide I have <lerived its name from this circumstance.
Wit'.i the preceding species it might form a distinct section ; the struc-
tHre of their spikes and Howers are so peculiar and so exactly alike.

For specimens of tliis plant I am indebted to tlie Rev. Mr. JiCwis de
Schweinit/. of Salem, North-Carolina, who collected it near Fayette-
ville in that state. It was recognized immediately by Dr. Macbride
as an inhabitant of St. Johns. It grows on the eastern edge of the
public road, in water, seven or eight rods to the south of Frierson's
lock, Santee Canal.

Flowers June.

** Spicis pluribus. I ^* Spikes numerous,
a. aphyllis. \ a, without leaves.

11, Deb'ilis. Muhl. Cat.

S. culmo trifjuctro, e-
recto ; spiculis paucis,
a^grcgatis, scssilibus, ter-
minalibus ; glumis mem-
braiiaceis, mucronatis ;
involucro ereclo. E.

Pursh, 1. p. 55 r

Stem .3 angled, erect ^
spikes lew, aggregate,
sessile, terminal ; glumes
mcmlu'anaceous, mucro«
naie ; lavoiucrum erect:

80

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Root perennial, cespitose. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, obtusely 3
angled, glabrous, with 1 — 3 sheaths, loose at base, and slightly mu-
cronate. Involncrum 2 — 3 inches long, erect. Spikes generally 3,
ovate. Glumes ovate, membranous, somewhat inflated, mucronate.
£eed obovate, flattened on one side, transversely striate, pointed with
the persistent style. Bristles 6 ? longer than the seed.

Grows in the upper country. Brought from Greenville by Mr.
Moulins.

Flowers September. Weak-stalked Scirpus,

13. Americanus. Persoon.

Stem 3 angled, sides
concave ; spikes ovate,
lateral, sessile ; seed acu-
minate.

S. culmo triquetro, la-
teribus concavis ; spicis
ovatis, lateralibus, sessili-
biis ; semine acuminato.
E.

Pursh, 1. p. 55. S. triqueter, Mich. 1. p. 30.
S. murronatus, Walt. p. 70.

Root thick, creeping. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, glabrous, the sides con^
cave, margins entire. Sheaths 1 — 3, 2 — 3 inches long, acute, keeled,
sheathing the base of the stem. Spikes ovate, 6 — 8 clustered on eaclt
•stem. Glumes ovate, ferruginous, with the margins scarious. Seed
obovate, flat on one side, convex on the other, with the apex acumi-
nate, not tubercled. Bristles 6, glandular, hairy, longer than the
germ.

This appears to be an intermediate species between S. triqueter and
mucronatus. It differs from the former, by its concave sides and
sessile spikes ; from the latter, by its erect stem and small number of
spikes.

Grows in damp soils. Very common.

Flowers through the summer.

Without leaves; spikes
oblong, scales entire, acu-
minate ; stem 3 angled.

13. Mucronatus.

S. aphyllus, spicis ob-
longis, squamis integer-
rimisj mucronato-acumi-
natis ; culmo triquetro.
Vahl. Enum. 2. p. 256.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 303. Pursh, 1. p. 55.

Stem with the angles compressed, the summit much longer than the
flowers, and bent to one side. Linn.

Grows in swamps and salt marshes, from Canada to Carolina.
Pursh.

Flowers Aujrust.

TRIANDRIA MOHOOYNlA,?

«1

14. LvrusTHis.

S. apliylliis, spicis ob-
longis, squainis pjlabris,
niucroiiatis ;stylis trilidis ;
uinbclla decomposita ;
culmo tereti. Vahl.

Enum. pi. 3. p. 267.

Without leaves ; spiked
oI)long, scales glabrous,
iiuicmuate ; styles 3
cleft ; umbels dccoiiw
pound ; stem terete.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 296. Mich. 1. p. 31. Pursh, 1. p. 55.

Stem erect, 4 — 12 feet high, sometimes from 1 to 2 inches in diamei>^
ter, glabrous, f»laucous, striate. Spikes numerous, ovate, uinbellete,
frequently 5 or 4 clustered toj^ether on the summits of the peduncles.
Common inro/j/crMHi 2 leaved, unequal, apparently formed by the ex*
tension of the stem, shorter than the umbel. Glumes lanceolate., a
little plaited at tlic summit, ciliate. Style long, -2 cleft. Seed obo-
vatc, plano-convex, smooth, pointed with the persistent style. liris*
tlea 6, longer than the seed, with small teeth bent backwards.

This description perhaps belongs to the following species, yet the
scales, though slightly fringed and a little roughened, are never vil-
lous

Grows generally in the marshy margins of rivers. Near the moutk
of Savannah river I have seen the largest specimens.

Flowers through the summer. Large marsh Scirpuaf

15. Validus.

S. apbyllus, spicis ova-
to-oblongis ; squaniis dor-
so villosis ; stylis bilidis ;
umbella decomposita ;
involucro brevissimo a-
pice tereti. Vahl. Eiiuin.
|)1. 2. p. 268.

Pursh, 1. p. 50.

Leafless ; spikes ovate
oblong ; scales villous ou
the back ; styles 3 cleft ;
umbel decompound ; in-
volucrum very short,
terete at the summits

Grows in lakes and ponds^ from Canada to Caroling;.
Flowers August.

32

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

*** Culmis ad basin \
foliosis* I

46. Minimus.

S. spicis ovatis, aciitis,
subsolitariis ; culmis fo-
liisque capillaribus, cur-
vatis. Vahl. Eniim. pi.
2. p. 253.

Pursh, 1. p. 55.

Grows in wet sandy fields, and near ponds, from Virginia to Caro-
lina. Pursh.
Flowei'S July.

*** Stem leafy at base.

Spikes ovate, acute,
fiequently solitary ; stem
and leaves capillary, curv-
ed.

17. AUTUMNALIS.

S. culmo compresso,
ancipiti ; spiculis lanceo-
latis. E.

Stem compressed, 2
edged j spikelels lance-
olate.

Sp. pi. l.p. 301. Pursh, 1. p. 37.
S. mucronulatus, Mich. l.p. 31.

Root annual i Stem erect, 8 — 10 inches high, very much compress-
ed, finely serrulate along the margins near the summit. Leaves linear,
acute, flat, slightly channelled, serrulate near the point, as long as the
stem; the throat of the sheath slightly bearded. ZT/nft^Zs compound.
Spikes small, lanceolate, a little rough. Glumes lanceolate, acute,
sliglitly raucronate, and the summits after flowering slightly reflexed.
Style 3 cleft. Seed 2 angled, glabrous.

Grows in damp soils. Very common.

Flowers August — October. Autumnal or Jiat -stemmed Scirpus.

18. CiLIATIFOLIUS. E.

S. culmo tereti, striato;
foliis linearibus, canalicu-
latis, ciliatis ; spicis ova-
tis, acutis ; involucro
brevissimo. E.

S. capillaris ^ Muhl. Cat.

Stem columnar, striate ;
leaves linear, channelled,
ciliate ; spikes ovate, a-
cute ; involucrum very
short.

•In this division I have found no bristles surrounding the seed. Some of tlic
species from tlieir fimbriate, deciduous styles have been made to constitute the
genus Pimbristylis. But it is doubtful whether these characters afford nioie than
specific distinctions, and whether they do not separate species most closely allied
by habit.

TRTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

8S

Hoot annual ? Stem C— 8 inches iiij!;h, very slender. I^ai'ps linear,
cliannolltnl, striate, ciliate, margins rouji^lj, nearly as lonj; as the stem;
sheath open at base, a little contracted at the throat, ciliate. Stipules
bearded. Umbels coinixtiind. Tlie loaf of the i»i"o/«crM)H half the
length of the uinl)el,the otliers very minute. Spikes ovate-lanceolate,
acute, siiiull. (Humes lunceulalc, acute, with a short point. Stigmas
-2. .SVrr/ obovate, .'> angled, finely furrowed transversely, and crowned
witli a small tubercle.

In this species the leaves are ciliate, not serrulate, the spikes acute,
and the <j;lume.s >;labrou-^, entire. In its general appearance atid size
it resembles S. autumtialis.

(irows in damp soils. Two miles from Beaufort, near the main
road.

Flowers September — October. Fringe-leaved Scirpus,

Stem fill form, obtusclv
3 angled : leaves setace-
ous : involucruin 4lcaved,
very long ; spikes clus-
tered ; glumes mucro-
nate.

19. Stenoimiyllus. E.

S. culmo lUiibrmi, ob-
tuse triquctro : follls se-
taceis ; involucro 4 phyl-
lo, prjelongo ; spicis ag-
gregatis ; glumis longe
mucronatis. E.

Dicliroma c«spitosum, Muhl. Cat.

Root fibrous, annual. Stem erect and procumbent, 3 — 4 inches
high, glabrous, obtusely 3 square, growing in small dense tufts,
///'rtivs few, setaceous, somewhat 3 ant!;lcd, rougiiened along the
^dge, nearly as lon^r as the stem, hairy at the throat of the sheath.
Spikes generally 6 tlowere<i, (4 — G) sessile, clustered, terminal. Iii-
volucrum 4 leaved, unequal, nearly as long as the stem ; a smaller
leaf generally i:;uarils the base of each spike. Glumes lanceolate. acu-
minate, inucronate, keeled ; the keel rou^henetl, terminating- in a
long point, slit|.htly reHexed, green, tlie margins feiruiiinous.
Stamen I } Style 3 cleft. i>eed 3 angled, transversely striate, crown-
ed with a very small tubercle.

firows in dry sandy soils. Around Beaufort, common. Jame?
Island.

Flowers July — September. Thread-leaved Scirpus.

20. COARCTATUS. E.

S. umbclla composlta,
coarctata ; spicis parvu-
lis, lineari-lanccolatis ; in-
involucro setacco foliolo

Umbel compound,
oowded ; s])ikes small,
linear-lanceolate ; invo-
lucruin setaceous, with

84i

TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA«

longiore

uno iimbella

foliis filiformibus, hinc

concavis. E.

one of its leaves longei*'
than the umbel ; leaves
liliform, concave on i side.

S. castaneus, Muhl. Cat.

Stem filiform, 1 foot high, generally bending. Leaves glabrous,
sheaths open, the beard of the throat long. Umbel compound, 3 — 4
spikes on each branch, one generally sessile in the division, Invo'
lucrum many leaved, leaves setaceous, scabrous along the margins, a
little hairy at base : one only longer than the umbel. Glumes ovate-
lanceolate, a little pointed, near the summit margined with a very
short fringe, ferruginous; the midrib prominent, greenish. Htyle!
fleeply 3 cleft. Seed obovate, 3 angled, with little or no tubercle.

This has usually been considered as the S. castaneus of Michau?'
but it is cartainly a different plant.

Grows ift very dry sandy soils. Around Beaufort, common.

Flowers September — October.

2i. Castaneus. ]Mich.

S. spicis ovato-oblongis,
obtusis; involiicrodiphyl-
lo, rigido, iimbellani sub-
compositam sequante.
Vaiil.

Spikes ovate oblongs
obtuse ; involucrum 2
leaved, rigid, as long as
the compound umbel.

Mich. 1. p. SI.
Fimbristylis castaneura, Vahl. Enum. pi. 2. p. 92.
Stem nearly terete, striate. Radical leaves very narrow, long,
erect, somewhat rigid. Umbel terminal, surrounded with several erect
bracteas; branches 1^-4 spiked. Spikes ovate, nearly round, of a
dark chesnut colour. Scales nearly orbicular, few. Styles fimbriate,'
5 clett. Mich.

Grows in Florida, Mich. — in Carolina, Pursh.
Flowers July.

22. Spadiceus.

S. spicis ovato-lanceo-
latis ; involucro rigido,
foliolo uno umbellam su-
perante ; foliis subulatis,
semiteretibus, striatis. £.

Spikes ovate-lanceo-
late ; involucrum rigid,
with one leaf longer than
the umbel ; leaves subu-
late, somewhat terete,

I striate.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 305.

IFimbristylis spadiceum, Vahl. Enum. pi. 2. p. 294* Pursh, 1 . p. 49;

TttTANDRIA MONOOIfNiA. SB

Hoot forminj; a thick, compact tuft. Stems crowded, 2 — 3 fe^ ^>gh,
nt'arlv rouiul at base. leaves 12 — 18 inches liig'i, 1 line in diameter,
concave <tn tlu- interior surface, niaic;ins a little rough, sheathing th©
base of the ^.toin in two rows ; siieathn dilated; throat of the sheath
■without hair. Umbel as in the succeeding species. Leaves of the
involncrum subulate, one twice as long as the umbel, scarcely rough-
ened alonj: their margins. Glumes nearly round, rigid, glabrous.
Style fimbrl;iti\ .2 cUft, deciduous.

Grows alon-^ the maiiiins of salt water. This has generally bee»
confounded wit!» the succeeding species: it differs essentially' in its
leaves, and grows in dense bunches, like the Juncus elfusus. It form*
a great part of our salt rusiies, and is probably confined to the neigh-
bourhood of the ocean.

Flowers through the summer. Salt'Water Rush.

The fi";ure in Sloan, (vol. 1. tab. 76. C 2.) represents this species
remarkable well : the spikes are not in this figure, nor have they ovtt"
appeared to me, terete as described by VaJd.

23. Ferrugineus.

S. ciiliuo conipresso, [ Stem compressed, an-

an2;iilis superne scabris ; I 2;les near the summit
foliis concavis ; involucro scabrous ; leaves concave,
insequalitcr ciliato ; spi- those of the involucrum
cis rotundato-lanceolatis. unequally ciliate ; spikes
E lanceolate, nearly round.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 304. S. puberulus, Mich. 1. p. 31.

fimoristylis puberulum, Vahl. Enum.pl. 2. p. 289. Pursh, 1. p. 49.

Stem almost solitary, firmly erect, 1 — 3 feet high, somewhat com-
pressed : angk? near the summit irregularly rougliened. Leaves
erect. I foot lun'j;. 3 lines wide, coriaceous, concave, with the margin
cartilaginous, scrr'ilate : throat of the slieath furnished wih a short
fringe; the leaves sheath each otlier as if two rowed (distichous).
Umbels compound, 3 — 7 spikes on eacii branch, one commonly ses-
sile in the division of the brandies. Involttcriim like the leaves, the
margins irregularly and sharply ciliate ; one leaf longer than the um-
bel, the partial involucruuis shorter than the small umbel. Glumes
nearly round, coriaceous, rigid, with a sliort point, pubescent and
friniiod, uniformly ferruginous. Style 2 cleft, fimbriate, deciduous.
Stii;mas plumose, wliite". Seed obovate, compressed, acut« at each
end.

in this species many of the lower glumes are sterile.

Grows along the margins of salt water, but is not confined to such
Stoils. Louisville, Georjria. Mr. Jack«on.

Flowers through the summer. Downy-Jlowered Scirpne".

S5

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Spikes ovate-lanceo-
late, sometimes aciimi-
naie ; umbel compound,
as long as the involu-
oiim ; seed longitudi*
Jially furrowed.

24, Sltlcatus. E.

S. spiuis ovato-lanceo-
Iatis,inlerduni acuminaiis;
iimbella composita in\(i-
lucruiu subaequajite ; .se-
mine longitudinaliter sui-
cato-

Stem about 1 foot lu»h. terete, glabrous. Leafe& as long; as the
stem, concave, glabrous, finely serrulate. Umbel small, w th some of
the branches occasionally divided. Leaves of the involucrinn verjr
small, subulate. Spike>i lonp;, ovate-lanceolate. Glumes membrana-
ceous, not rigid, scarcely coloured, sliglitly mucronate. Styles deleft.
Stigmas sliglitly feathered. Seed obovate, compressed, deeply fur-
rowed longitudinally with very slight transverse furrows. The
edges of the seed, and a small circle near the summit, toothed by tu-
bei cles. Bristles 0.

The glumes drop off as the seed ripens, leaving the base of the rachis
naked.

For my first knowledge of this plant I was indebted to Dr. Baldwin,
who sent me specimens from Savannah. J have since found it near
Charleston.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers August — September. Furroiied Scirpns.

"**** Stej?is leafy.

Stem 3 angled ; panicle
clustered, leafy ; terminal
irlumeb mucronate. lace-
rate, 3 clt;ft.

* * * * Cidfji is foliosis.
25. Makitimus.
S.culmotriquetro; pan-
icnla conglobata, foliacea ;
glumis terminalibus mu-
CDuatis. laceris, tritidis.
Smith, Fl. Biit. I. p. 56.-

Sp. pi. 1. p. 306. Mich. 1. p. 32.
S. robustus, Pursh, 1. p. 56.

Stem 3 — 4 feet high, acute, 3 angled. Leaves 2—4 feet long, gla-
brous, serrulate, channelled. Panicle terminal, clustered, 4 — 6 spikes
setting, 2 — 3 pedunculate ; spikes very large, ovate. Scales ovate,
all of them a little toothed near the summit, the midrib extending to
a long reflexed awn, dark chesnut. Filaments 3, persistent. &'eed
S angled, obovate, glabrous, tapering at base, and armed with a small
point at the summit, the remains of the decaying style.

Grows in brackish marshes. Little Ogechee bridge, 7i miles from
Savannah.

flowers May—June. Maritime Scirpus.

TRI\NDRIA MONOGTNIA.

87

Spikes short ovate, clus-
tered; umbel compound;
involucrum lealV, Ioni2;er
thau the unihel ; small in-
voluciums veiv short.

2ft. FA'M.TATrS. PiP'sh.

S. splcis hrc\i-ovatis,
con2;cstis ; umhella coni-
posita : invojiicro lolioso
uinbcllam superautc ; iii-
vohicellis [)rcvissiniis. E

I'ursh, 1. p. 56. S brunneus, Muhl. Cat.

Stem obtusely 3 anu;led. Leaven lontr, 3 — I liiips \v"nle, glabrous,
finoly and sharply serrulate. Iiwo umtm many leaveil, resembling
tlie leaves of tlie stem. Small iuvolucrums very minute or wantinj;.
(?!cales of the crt/y.vrhomboidal, keeled, niucronate, coloured. Pursh.)

Varies, h. vivijmrus with a stem very tall, somewhat scandent ;
uml)ols viviparous, bearing; tlowcis at the l)ase of the br.'uichcs. Pursh.

Cirows in shady woods. Ncw-Vork to Carolina. The viviparous
variety frequently attains the lieij^ht often feet and upwards. Tursh.

Flowers July — August.

27. NiTENS.

S. spicis ovatis, pcdi-
cillatis; coryml)is siib-
compositis, axillaribus
tcrmuialibusc[uc ; tubno
tercti. Vahl. Enum. pi.
2. p. 272.

Pursh, 1. p. 56.

Grows in Viri^inia and Carolina.
Flowers July.

«4

Spikes ovate, pedicel-
late ; coryn»l)s p;eiierally
compound, axillary and
terminal ; steni terete.

Pursli

28. LlNEATTS. Micll.

8. culmo tiiquctio, lo-
lioso ; umbcllis decom-
posilis, teiminalibus late-
ralil)iisquc, subcrectis ;
spiculis ovatis ; sfjuaniis
lanceolatis, subcaiiiuuis.
E.

Mich. 1. p. 3-3. Pursh, 1. p. 56.

S. nendulusr Muhl. ('at.

Tricliophoruni lineatuni, Pcrsoon, 1. p. G9.

Stem 3 aii,2;lcd, leafy ;
umbf'N decompound, ter-
minal and lateral, some-
what erect; spikch;ts o-
\d\r: scales lanceolate,
sligli ly keeled.

84

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA/

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, glabrous, 3 angled, leafy. Leaves rather lon^,
and somewhat lanceolate, sliyihtlj channelled, with margins serrulate ;.
sheath loose but closed ; stipules 0. Flowers in axillary umbels ;
c<)mnion peduncle much longer than the sheath, slender, weak*
Glwnes ferruginous, pointed by the green midrib. Stamens 3. Style
8 cleft. Seeds 3 angled, naked.

I can perceive no dift'erence between this plant and a specimen of
the S. pendulus sent me from Lancaster by Dr. Muhlenberg himself.
In both, even the umbels are erect. It is therefore probable from its
glender peduncles, that the flowers which are at first erect, beconm
pendulous with age.

Grows in damp soils, pine barrens, &c. Found in Georgia. Bv^
Baldwin.

Flovrere June — August. ^^y Scirpm,.

1^9. DiVARICATTJS. E.

S. culmo obtuse triqiie-
tro ; iimbellis decomposi-
tis, divaricatis; spicis ova-
libus, pendulis. E.

Stem obtusely 3 arv-
gled ; umbels decom-
pound, divaricate ; spikes-
oval, pendulous,

Stem erect, 3 — 4 feet high, glabrous. Leaves 6 — 14 inches long,
-3 — 4 lines wide, flat, glabrous, with the margins finely serrulate ;
eheath at hase short, scarcely one incli long, closed. Stipule 0. t/m-
bel large, decompound, terminal ; branches crowded, divaricate, pen-
dulous. Glumes ovate, acute, slightly keeled, glabrous, the midril>-
green, the sides white. Style 3 cleft. Seed acutely 3 angled, acute
ut each end.

Grows in the pine barren between Bee's Creek and Purysburgh,
Flowers May — June. Divaricate ScirpuSi'

30. POLYPHYLLUS.

S. Spicis capitulisque
Subglobosis, glome ratis ;
corymbo terminal! ; cul-
mo folioso. Valil. Enum.

pi. s. p. ari-.

Pursh, 1. p. 57.

Spikes and beads near-
ly globose, clustered ;
corymb terminal,* stem
leaty.

Grows in shady woods.
Flowers July.

Virginia and Caroling

TRIANnRI^ MONOGYNIA^

$'9

31. Srn(r.\()iin:s. K.

S. culino tii(]iH'tro ;
piiniciilis (k'corn|)()*itis.
axilltiril)iis ttMiniiinIilnis-
qiu\ pciululis ; spiculis
fascitulatis ; sciiii?ic obo-
vato, rugoso, setulis ob-
vullato. E.

Stem 3 anpjled ; pani-
( les (leconipomul, axilla-
ry and Umii iriiil. peiidu-
luiis ^spikclcts clustered;
seed obovate, rugose,
guarded by bristles.

i

Stem '2 — 3 feet liigli, 3 an^IiMl, ^flahrous. Leaves linear, sliorf.
Panicles alinust naked, the bracteal leavt-s bein;^ verv short. fSpikelets
OAate-lanceolate, very n;.mer«)U&, noarlv ses&ile, clustered. Glumes
OMto, mucronate, ferruj^inmis. Siaiiie s 3. Style very long, S clefU
Sf'#'</ obovate, compressed, transversely rugose, lerruj^inous, crowned
^ith a conic, white tubercle, and surrounded with bristles lonj;cr than
itself.

This species is somewhat remarkable. The structure of the flov er
Is strictly that of a >cirpus ; the spikes contain many glumes, each
covering a seed witli it^. usi:al appendages ; yet the seed, the tuber-
cle, the surrounding bristles all resemble tl. use of a Sc cenus : and
the plant itself in habit and appearance would occupy an intermediate
fpace between the Sen. expan^us ami ciulucus.

Found near bavannah by Dr. Baluwiu.

Flowers Spiked ScirpuSft

DICHROMENA. Mien.

G/ww^ iindique iiiibii- I Gluvus imbricate oQ
catfe, interiores tantum | all side.s, tbe interior on-
fe I tiles. Corolla {). iSe- \ \y feilile. Corolla 0..
men l, nudum. | Seed i, naked.

1. Leucocephai.a. Mich.

D. involucio subtri-
pliyllo infernc capitulo-
quc candidis. Mich. 1.
p. 37.

Pursh. 1 p. 47.

Sciipus cephalotes, "Wait. p. 7K

Involucrum somewhat
3 leaved, wliitc at base ;
head white.

w

TRTANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

Root creeping, perennial. Stem erect, about a foot high, naked, 8
angled. Leaves linear, concave, not channelled, glabrous, shorter
tlian the stem, stieathing its base. Flowera in a terminal head com-
posed of many sessile, compressed, small heads ; of tht* small heads
6—10 of the inner flowers are fertile. Involucrum 6 leaved, 3 ex-
terior lonsj, all similar to the leaves, white near the base. Glumes
small, lanceolate, slighly irfucronate, nien)branous, a little compress-
ed, white. Filaments 3. Style deeply 2 cleft. Seed obovate, com-
pressed, ruiiose, crowned with a triangular tubercle.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers July — October. JVhite-headed Dichromenai

Involucrum and leaves
ciliate at base ; spikelets
oblong tapering.

2. ClLT*TA.

1). involucro foliisque
basi ciliatis ; spiculis ob-
lonii;is, attenuatis. Per-
soon, 1. p. 58.

Pursh, 1. p. 47.

Grows in inundated places in Georgia and Florida. Pursh-
Flowers July.

3. Lattfolta. Baldwin.

1). iiivolucro polyphyl-
lo. niajusMjlo, foliis albi-
dis; capitulis contpressis;
foliis pifelongis, culnium
laxe vaginaiitibus.

Involucrnni many leav-
ed, large, with tbe leaves
wbite ; beads compress-
ed ; leaves very long,
loosely sheathing the
stem.

Root horizontal, creeping, perennial. Stem commonly 9 — 18 inches
hij;li, terete, jilabrous, leafy near the base. Leaves 1 — <2 hei long,
glabruus, acute, concave, slightl)- marked by the midrib; sheaths long,
closed, tliose, however, of the exterior radical leaves split by age ta
tie base, and become open and flat. Involucrum with about ten
leaves, longer titan the capitulum ; the exterior leaves as usual
the largest i leaves ovate-lanceolate, with a long tapering pointy

TRlANOniA MONOGYNIA.

01

and exceptins; the point, white. Capitulum coinpnse<l of many,
.small, coin|)it'Hsetl Iieails. Glumes ovate. c»>mprcsse'l, rather acute,
but not mucrouate,very wliite. .S aniens 3. The mature seed 1 have
not seen.

For specinifns. and observations on this specie;* I am in«lel)ted to
Dr. Uakiuin, \\\\o found it in M'lntosh countv, Georgia, and in Fluri>
da. ^

Grows around the margins of ponds and in low pine barrens.

Flowers May — June.

This 2;<^nus is ncarls allied to Scirpus ; itn seed without bristles, its
outer flumes sterile, are accidents that occur in many specit-s of Scir*
pus. In habit principally it appears to diMer, f(»nniii<r always oiiP
terminal, sessile head, by the agijregation of many smaller heads.

%

TRlCHOPHOIlUiM. Persoon.

Spicul^r sul)nvatpp, squa-
jnis unclique iiubricatis.
Seminis sclulie capilli-
fornies, (lemiiin exsertse,
iiumero dclinito sex.

1. CvPKItlNrM.

T. culino obtuse tri-
quetro, tolioso ; paiiicula
snpradeconiposita, pio-
lifera ; spiculis subteriiis.

Persoon, 1. p. 69.

Pursh, 1. p. 57.

Kiitiphorum-cyperinum, Sp. pi. 1. p. 313.

A\ alt. p. 71.

Bi-. p. 16.

Scirpus eriophorum, Mich. 1. p. 33.

SpilMets ovate, imbricate
on all siiles, witli scales.
Bristles of tbe seed bairy,
longer tban tbe glumes,
ti in number.

Stem obtusely 3 an-
gled, leafy ; paiiicle su-
pradeconipound, prolife-
rous; s pikelets generally
by tbrccs.

Ruo^ perennial. Stem 2 — 5 feet hiih, ?labrou<?. Jj>ave<i 2 — 3 feet
lon^r^ 3 — 1 lilies wide, slightly channelled, with the margin aod mid-

n

TRiVNDRTA MONOGYNTA.

rib scabrous ; sheaths 'glabrous, closed, half the length of the joints^
stipule only a membranous margin. Glumes lanceolate, acute, entire^
glabrous Stavmis 3. Style 9. o 3 r\eft Vpfrf 3 an 'iled, compressed^'
surrounded by b bristles a little lunger than the glumes.

Grows in damp and boggy soils.
Flowers July — November.

This plant appears to be sufficiently distinct from Eriophorum. It-
has great affinity to some of the leafy stemmed species of Scirpus,
and may with them yet constitute a distinct genus. No character ha?
howevf r been tound which will comprehend them all ; and Michaux..
was perhaps correct when he placed this plant among the Scirpi*

ERIOPHORUM. Gen. pl. 95.

Gliimce paleacese, un-
dique imbricatse. Corol-
la 0. Semen i,lanalon-
gissima cinctum.

f. VlUGINICUIM.

E. culmo tereti, foli-
oso ; foliis planis ; spicis
congestis, subsessilibus,
involucro brevioribus.
Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p. 3y 0.

Glumes chaffy, imbri-
cate on all sides. CoroU
la 0. Seed 1, surrounded
with very long wool.

Stem terete, leafy ;•
leaves flat ; spikes clus-
tered, nearly sessile, shor-
ter than the involucrumr

Sp.pl. 1. p. 313. Mich. 1. p. 34. Walt. p. 71.

Boot perennial. S'rm 3 — 4 feet high, glabrous. Leaves few, lin-
ear, slightly channelled, with the keel and margin scabrous; the
sheath at base closed. Fi'^w tk in an erect globose head Inv lucrum
with about three unequal leaves, longer than the head. Scales of the
ca'vx ovate, acute. (Stamens 2. Mich.) Seed compressed, oblong,
obovate, pointed with the persistent style, and surrounded by hairs
6 — 10 lines long.

Grows in bogs, &c. Rare along the sea coast. Sent from St;j
Stephens by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers August — September. Virginian Eriophorum^'

TRIANDRIA MONOC.YNIA,

y^

CENCHRUS. Gin. fl. 1574.

IiwoJuci'um liuiiiiatLiin,
echi 'iitum, 3-— l fVniim.
CiiUfx 2- V 111 vis, 3-fl(»rus.
Cornlla S-vaUis, nuitica.
tSiijlus hilHlus.

i. EcHlNATUS.

C. spica obIong;a, con-
glom'M'uta ; iiivolutro
sul)u;lob()So, lO-partito.
Peisoon, 1. p. 71.

Jitvnhicrnm laciniate,
ccliinatc, 3--4 flowpi-ed,
i.nhjx 2 valvpfi, 3 fl »w-
ered. Corolla i valvcd,
uiiavvned. iStyle a cleft.

Spike ol)lonj^, cluster-
ed ; invohicrum nearly
globose, 10 parted.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 317.
Grows in Georgia.

Muhl. Cat.

The many opportunities Dr. Muhlenberg enjoved of examining
colleitions of plants from every part of the United States, his jrreat
sa?;acity and profound kn<»\vled^;e. render his authority so great, that
I shall never hesitate to re;!;ister ainonp;' our own plants any species
uhich has the san- tion of his name. There appears, however, to be
some confusion between this and the next species, whicli I have not
the means of remf)vin2:. W'ilMenow, under the C. tribuloides, rpiotes
the Flora Virtrinica, hut under t!ie C echinatiis, he has placed everj
ijynonyme whicli Gronovius has applied to the former species.

2. Tribuloides.

C. spica glonierata ; in-
voliicris globosis, villosis,
niuricato-spinosis. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 317.

Spike clustered ; invo-
|ucri!in glolmse, villous,
armed with spines.

Mich. 1. p. ei.—Pursh 1. p. 60.
Clayt. p. 160. No. 206.

Root annual. Stem erect, 1 foot hi(;h, compressed, plabrons, sompw
times branching. Leaves about 6 iuches long, acute, chaunelled, with

J4)

TRTANDRIA MOKOGYNIA.

the maro-ins finely serrulate, scabrous on the upper surface, glabrous
on thefower; sfieatli open, generally twice as long as the joints,
hairy alonj; the margins anil at the contracted throat. Rachis angled,
hairy, particiilailv at the angles. luvobicriim one valved ? split on
the interior J^idc, containing generally I calyx? sometimes 2. Ca yx
2 valved, 2 flowered, 1 fertile, the'other sterile,! unequal, shorter,
than the corolla : exterior valve sliorter, gibbous at base, acute, gla-
brou i, 7 nerved, concave, not keeled; tlie interior concave, acute, 5
nerved. Corolla nf the herwaphrodite fiowtr 2 valved : the exierior
valve acute, 9 nerved, infolding the interior; interior valve smaller, in-
folding the stamens and germ, cosicave, 2 nerved, impressed on the
back : corolla of the sterile flower 1 valved, conca-e, acute, 2 nerved,
infolding the stamens. Fi7a»if«fi; 3, transparent. Styles "Z? slightly co-
herin'i. Sfigman glandular, feathered. Seed oval, covered by tho
persiijtent glumes and involucrum.

Gi'/iws in sandy pastures. Most abundant alons: the sea coast.

ilov.-ers July— October. Cockspjiv bur.

SPARTINA. SCHREBER.

Flores in spicis unila-
terifloris. Calyx 2-val-
vis, injequalis, carinatus
l-florus. Corolla 2-val-
vis, insequalis.

1. JUNCEA.

S. foliis lineaiilnis, ple-
rumque convolutis; spicis
paucis, alteinis, patent!
bus; floribus digynis. E*

Flowers in spikes, ar.
ranged on one side.
Calyx 2 valved, unequal,
keeled, i flowered. Co-
rolla 2 valved, unequal.

Leaves linear, common-
ly convolute; spikes few,
alternate, expanding ;
flowers with 2 styles.

Dactylis cynosuroides, Walt. p. 77.
Trachynotia jnncea, Mich. 1. p. 64.
Limnetis juncea, Pursh. 1. p. 59.

Root perennial, forming very thick tufts. Stem about 2 feet high,
columnar, glabrous. Leaves 12 — 18 inches long, very acute, on the
under surface glabrous, on the upper a little glaucous, and roughened
along the elevated nerves ; when dry convolute ; sheaths longer than
the joints, glabrous, tiliate at the throat, 'spikes 3 — 4. Flowers in
two rows, crowded ; the flowers in fact occupy 2 sides of a depressed
"triangular rachis, of which the broad base is naked ; the summit of th«

TRIANDRIA MON06YNIA.

95

rachis acute, nakoil. Caly.w exterior valve very small, acute, com-
j)re-s<l, sli;j;htly miicrouate, the keel serrulate; interior valve 3 (imeg
as long, compretised, keele;i, imicronate ; tlie keel most acutel v ner-
riilate. Corolla, exterior valve sluirtest, meuibranous, coinpieMhcd,
keeled, eniaru;inate, tlie kct-l serrulate ; interior valve as lo' •; as the
interior valve ol the calyx, c«im|)re>'< m1, but not keeled, membranous,
acute. Fi:aim>nt!i S, longer than tlie j^lumes. jintltcrs loni;, incuni-
bent, 2 cleft at base, a little spiral, styles 2. itti.^mas leathered.
Heed oblong, compressed.

(irows in u;rniind occasionally inundated by salt water.

Flowers March — August. Jtni^h-lik-p Spartina*

IVIiite Hush,

2. POLYSTACIIYA.

S. loliis lato planis, lon-
gissimis; spicis plurimis,
altcrnis, pateiitlhus ; ilo-
ribus iiionogyuis.

Leaves broad, flat, very
long; spikes numerous,
alteinatc, expaiKling ;
flowers with i slvlc.

Traychynotia polystachya, Mich. l.p. 64.
Linmetis pulystacliya r Pursh, 1. p. 59.

Slei» 3 — 10 feet high, columnar, glabrous. Leaven 1 — 3 feet long,
S — 10 lines wide, serrulate, slightly channelled, scabrous on the up-
per surface, glabrous on the under; eheath much longer thi.n the
joints, glabrous, the throat hairy ; stipules bearded. Spikes 10 — 15.
Froiu the preceding it differs in its flowers, owly in the following par
culars— exterior valve of t!ie calyx half as long as the interior; ex
tcrior valve of the corolla obtuse, mucronate, interior scabrous oik
the back, ^tijle 2 clett at the summit. Stij^mas featliered, white.

Grows in brackish marslies, sometimes along the margin of salt wa-
ter. Near the mouth of Savannah river, common. Paris Island.

Flowers September. Manif-spiked i>^nrthio.

3. Glabra. Mulil. Cat.

S. foliis stricte creclis,
concavis ; s[)ici5 altcrnis,
ercctis, appressis ; llori-
bus digynis.

Biu'. p. ir.

Dactylis uiaritima^ Walt. p. 77.

Loaves erect, concave •
spikes alternate, erect.
appiessed ; flowers with
2 stvles.

96 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

atem 2 — 4 feet high, columnar, very s,labrous, a litfle succulent^
hollow. Leaves 1 — 3 \^ti long, 6 — 8 lines wide, acute, very entire,
concave, not channelled, ^.labrous ; sheaths as Ions as the joints, open,
s'i^ihtly ciliate ; stipule membranous, short, lacerate. : pikes 5 — 8,
aj>pressed so as apparently to form one compart spike. Flowers as
in the precedin^j; species. Keels of the calyx and corolla ciliate
ratnerthan sharply serrulate. Corolla shorter than the calyx, styles
2. Stio:mns white, feathered.

Grows in places overflowed with salt water at every tide, forming
exclusively tliC " salt water marsh."

Flowers August — Se^-tember. Salt Marsh Grass*

No. 577, p. 13. of Clayton, appears to belong to this species ; his pre-
ceding observations in italics < ertaiidy do. Notv\ itiistandin;^ this is the
most common species of Spartina. and from its situation not likely to be
overlooked, yet Michaux appears to have cojifounded it with his
T. polystachya, a very distinct species : and except by Walter, it
seems to have been united by our older botanists with very dift'erent
plants.

This plant is greedily eaten by horses and cattle. It is remarkable,
for a strong, rancid and peculiar smell, aftecting the breath, the milk,
butter, and e\en the flesh of the cattle that feed upon it. It affords
however good jiasturage for out-door stock, and is becoming valuable
and valued as a manure.

ARUNDINARR.

Calyx S-valvis, multi-
florus. Corolla 3-valvis.
Sttjlus brevissimus, triti-
dus.

Calyx 2 valved, many
flowered. Corolla 2 val-
ved. Styles very sliort.
3 cleft.

1. Macrosperma. Mich.

Mich. 1. p. 74.

Arundo gigantea and tecta, Walt. p. 81.

Root perennial, cespitose. Stem 3 — 15 feet high, terete, glabron^
hollow, ri<,id, branching towards the summit : the branc) es disticliou&.
Leavts distichous, lanceolate, lar^e, flat, '^lightly aciminate, pubts'-
^nt on the uuder suiface j sheaths niucti longer thau the joints, mar-

n I. ' \" !

/. '/ //////////s /i/ y y v/u/z/j/.v

/'i/irr/ff/ . S'^//////y:\y/

Ki///r/ffi/yf /^if/fti/f/

I'l II V'l

/A/r/r.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE first and nearly half of the second Number of IIim Sketch
had b' en printed, before I could obtain a copy of Pursh's Flora
Jimericce Septentrionalis. This work, published iu London under
tlie most favorable auspices, has enabled me to add to my own rc«
searches, and those of the friends who have aided me, all that has
beea collected in this country by the travellers and botanists of Eu-
rope. ^ViHinJ; to avail myself of the advantages it aflorded me, and
to present to my readers as comprehensive a view of our Botany as
possible ; desirous also, not to add to the confusion of synonymes,
which is becoming a serious evil in American botany, and to correct
a few inaccuracies which had been pointed out to me, I immediately
reprinted the tirst number of my work. In the second number the
alterations were too unimportant to render this measure necessary.
I have therefore annexed on a loose sheet a few species, which are to
be added to thoso I have already described. These shall again bo
inserted in the supplement to this w .rk, when this sheet may be de-
stroyed. They are now prefixed, that persons studying our botany
may have at one view all that has yet bcpn published on the subject

PANICUM.

Spikes verticillate, the
branches by fours ; small
involucrum 1 flowered, 2
awned ; stem diffuse.

Verticillatttm.

P. spica verticillata, ra-
cemulis quatcrnis ; invo-
lucellis unifloris, bisetis ;
culmis diffusis. Sp. pi.
1. p. 334.

Pursh, 1. p. 66.

Pursh remarks that he has seen this species in the herbarium o
AValter.

Grows in sandy woods, from New-Jei*sey to Carolina.
Flowers June — July.

Walteri. Pursh.
P. spicis alternis, erec-
tis, solitariis, simplicibus ;

Spikes alternate, erect^
solitary, simple ; glumes

IV

gluinis ovatis, iniiricato-
hjspidis, aristiitis ; aiista
altera longissima ; rachi
trigona; vagiiiis hispi-lis-
simis ; foiiis
Pursh, I. p 66.

Probably the P. Crus Galli var hispidiimy of this work ; yet
Pursl) refers to it P. hirtellum of Walter, and the P. niuricatum of
Micliaux — two very distinct plants.

Grows near the salt water, fronx Canada to New-York.

jflovvers July — September.

glabris.

ovate, Piiiricat'^, hispid,
awiied ; or»e awn very
long ; rachis 3 angled ;
slieaths very hispid ;
leaves glabrous.

Pursh.

Fuse 0-RUB ENS. La Marck.

P. racemis linearibus,
Tirgatis ; ghiniis clavatis,
coloratis ; pilis sub paiiicu-
Ise divisuris. Lam. En-
cycL 4. p. 737.

Grows in rice fields, in Georgia.
Flowers August.

Racemes linear, vir-
gate ; glumes clavate, co-
loured ; hairy under the
divisions of the panicle.

Striatum. La Marck.

P. panicula ol)longa ;
gluniis nujjnsculis, gla-
bris, viri:!ibus, pulchre
striatis. Lam. Enc>cl. 4.
p. 718.

Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Frasqr.

Panicle oblong; glumes
large, glabrous, green,
handsomely striate.

DlFFUsUM.

P. panicula simplici-
uscula. cajiiJIaii, palente ;
flosculis vtuiotiusculis,
acutis ; culmo simplici ;
foiiis longis, linearibus,
collo vagiiiisque viUusis.
fewariz, IMod. :2.3.

Panicle simple, capil-
lary, expanding; florets
remote, acute ; stem sim-
ple ; leaves long, linear,
with the tjjroat and
sheaths villous.

Grow s in dry sandy woods, from Virginia to Carolina. Pursh.
Flowers July.

NoniFLOiuM. La Af:irck.

I*, paiiiculis rniniinLs,
lateralihiis tcrnjirnliluis-
que ; ,2;lurnis uvati-*, [)ii-
bescentil)us ; (bliis an-
giistis, breviiisciilis, collo
barbatis.

p. rainulosum, Mich. 1. p. 30.

Grows ill dry fields, from Pennsylvania to Carolina.
Flowers July.

P-iniclc very small,
lateral and tenniiial ;
'^luMics ovate. pul>esccnt;
lrav{;s narrow, short,
bearded at the throat.

AGROSTIS.

P uciFLORA. Pursh.

A. panicuife raniis uni-
lloris.tiliformibus; corollis
aristatis, calyee inaequali
dii;)lo longiori!)iis, hirsu-
tis; vaginis villosis.

Panicle with brandies
filitbrni, one flowered ;
corolla awned, twice as
long as the unequal ca-
lyx, hirsute ,• sheadis
villous.

Pursh, 1. p. 63.

Stem 18 inches hiirh, glabrous. Leaves very lonsti linear, villous,
nervose ; sheaths striate, villous : stipules short. Panicle \evy aiin-
ple, nit!) tlie branches lonj;, one tlow»Med. Valves of the caly.v une-
qual, villous, with short awns. Corolla oblong:, villous, twice as long
26 tue interior valve of the calyx, beaiin;^ sliort awns. Pursh.

Grows on high mountains, in Virginia and Carolina.

Flowers July.

CiNNA.

A. panicula mas^na. de-
bili ; Ibliis lato lifiraril)us,
glahris ; valvula altera
inlra apieeni sul>aristata ;
caule glabro. Pui-sh, i.
p. 6 K

(inna arundinacea, Sp. pi. 1 p. 31.

^V hen the ;:;enus Agnistis was sent to the press I had no anthor'ty
for inserting trds species amon|^ our plants. I have since i>tcn liiiomoil

PiMiicle b^ra:e. weak ;
leaves l)road, li.i'ur, ;>,!a-
l)ii)us ; one vaJNe shgiit-
ly awned beneath the
suiniiiit; stem glaiirou^.

VI

by Dr. Baldwin, that he has found it near Savannah ; and I have re»
ceived specimens of it from Dr. Boykin, of Milledgeville, Georgia.

Grows from Canada to Georgia.

Flowers Auo;ust. P.

Lateriflora. Mich.

A, paniculis lateralibus
terminalibusque, coarcta-
tis ; floribus nmticis ;
valvulis acutissimis, in-
terioribus majoribus, ba-
si baibatis ; foliis planis,
brevibus. Pursh, i. p.
64. I

Mich. 1. p. 53.

Grows along the edges of woods, in rich soils, from New-York to
Florida. Pursh.
Flowers June — July.

Panicles lateral and
terminal, with the flowers
appressed ; flowers un-
awned; valves very a-
cute, the interior longer
and bearded at base ;
leaves flat, short.

TRTANnniA MONOGYNIA. ^T

cescoiit ; the throat tDiifiactiMl. StipuU's hiintlv. Panich sim|ilc,
tiMiiiiiial, coinj)()stMl of disticlious snikos, 7 — 10 ll(»\vcre<l. PeduucL'S
about an iiuh loni;, pubesciMit. Calyx sinalior than the corolla, valvi-s
unetjual ; cxti'iior valve very small, sli;;htiy ciliato. r«/iv's of tiic
corolla unequal : the exterior larj;est, aciiiniiiat*', sli;;htly inucroiiato
and ciliate, scaicelv keele<l ; tlie interior acute, rieijuently two clelt.
JS'ectaries 3, Hat, lanceolate, lon]L;er than tlie •ijerni. Filameuls 3,
shorter than the corolla, ^^utliers nearly white. -Sti/lf short, un''-
i|uallv 3 parted. .SVj^jhos feathered, white. Seed cylindrital, ob-
tuse,large, sligl\tly fu I rowed.

I have never seen the large variety of cane (Ariindo gigantea,
^Valt.) in flower, and have not therefore been al»le t(» (Utermine
vhether it is specifically distinct. The .above description is taken
from the small variety (Arundo tecta, Walt.) Tiie lar^je cane grows
to the height of 30 — 35 feet.

'Hiis pliint is said to flower but once in twenty or twenty-five
years. The A. tecta however flowered in 1804, again in 1811, and
once or twice iu the succeeding 4 years.

Grows in rich soils, preferring these which are occaslonallj inua«
dated.

Flowers March — April.

H

dS

TRTANDRIA BIGYNIA.

MUIILENBEUGIA. Gen: Pl: 103.

Califx 1 valved, min-
ute, lateral. Corolla 2-
valved.

Stem decumbent ; leaves
linear; panicle slender,
appressed ; flowers small,
the awn as long as the
glumes.

Cahfx l-valvis, minu-
tus, lateralis. Corolla 2-
yalvis.

i. Diffusa.

M. culmo decumbente;
foliis linearibiis ; panicula
gracili, appressa ; flori-
bus minutis, arista longi-
tudineglumse. E.

Root fibrous. Stem about one foot Ion*, procumbent, ^>;eniculate,
branclied, a little compressed, glabrous. Leaves 3 — 4 inches long, 2
lines wide, scabrous ; sli-cath open, as long as the joints ; throat contract-
ed and hairy. Panicle composed of alternate, appressed racemes, very
slender; peduncles very short. Calijx 2 valved, unequal, acumi-
jiati.', resembling scales, seeming rather as an involucrum to protect
the base of the corolla than to form a part of the flower; not falling
with the seed. Corolla^ valves unequal, hairy at base ; the exterior
lanceolate, 3 nerved, nerves serrulate, tapering to a long scabrous
ftivn ; interior valve similar but awnless. Filaments three. Jinthers
yellow. Styles two, short. Stigmas feathered, purple.

Grows in damp soils. Prince Williams.

Flowers August — October. Spreading Muhlenbergia..

S.Erecta. Muhl.Cat.

M. culmo erecto ; foliis

knceolatis ; racemo ter-

minali ; floiiinis majuscu-

valvis duplo

E.

Stem erect ; leaves lance-
olate; racemes terminal;
flovvers large, the awn
twice as long as the
glumes.

lis, arista
longiore.

Dilepyrum aristosum ^ Mich. 1. p. 40.

Stem erect, slightly scabrous. Leaves 3—4 inches long, 6 — 7 lines
wide, verv acute, scabrous, (pubescent, Mich.) ; sheath open, shorter
than the joints, hairy at the throat ; stipule membranous. Flowers
(in my specimens) in a simple raceme. Calif.v 2 valved, 1 very min-
ute, the interior tapering, very acute, 2 — 3 lines long. Corolla, ex-
tci-jor valve lance:)late, many nerved, concave, scabrous, terminating
in a long awn ; interior awnless.

Grows in s'uady wood in Carolina and Georgia. Mich.

My specimens' are from Fennsyl. Erect Muhlenbergia,

XlilANDRlA DIGYNIA.

99

TRICIIODIUM. Mkh.

CaJii.v 2.val\ is. .Tqiialis.
Cnvolld I- vahis. f loirs
ill puDiculis <.aj)illaiil)us.

i. LvxiFLORLM. Mich.

T. (dlino crccto ; luliis
vai;iiii;-(|ii(' s(,'al)ris ; pan-
icula ditl'iisa, trichotomc
ramosa; floiibus lascicula-
tis tcnninalibus. E.

CiIifA'f* valvcd, equal.
Coi'olla 1 valvcd. Flow-
ers in tupiilarv panicles.

St(Mii erect : leaves and
sli(Mth sca!)!'()us : panicle
difl'uscd.witli the hi-.mches
triuhotomous ; llowcrs
t'asticulute, terminal.

A'ich. 1. p. 4,2.
Cor:-uco])ia livomalis.

AValt.

Hoof perennial. Stpui 1 — r> feet Iii;;h, coliiinnnr, 'iilabrous near llie
base, sometimes KOiiieulale. Leaves 1 — 3 inches Ion.-;, 1 line wide;
siieatlis shorter tliaa the joints ; stipules short, meuibranous, la-
cerate. Floicers 3 — 10, cludtereil near the summit of eacli branch ;
branches 1 — 10 inches lon-j;, serrulate alon" tlie angles, «lestitute of
hair even in tlie axils. Califx^ valves lanceolate, cojispressed, very
acute, serrulate alonj? the keel, somewhat ciliaie alon:x uc inary;ins ;
the exterior a little shorter. Corolla, valve shorter (!,:i:i lie calvx,
concave somewliat acute : the maigins pubescent. JlnUictti vcllowish.
iiiis:titns white.

Grows in close soils. In dry irround it scarcely exceeds a foot in
iieiuht. in swamps it grows 2 — 3 feet, with the panicle sometimes 2
feet lon».

Flouers March — May. iyjring 2'richodiunu,

2. Perennans. Walt.

T. culmodecuiuheiile;
panicida subditt*usa. rands
veitieillatis, triciioioniis-
que ; fluribus raccnio.sis.
E.

Stem decund)cnt : pan-
icle somewhat dilluse ;
branches, vertieilhite and
trichotomous ; llowers
racemose.

Cornucopia perennans. ^^*aU. p. 7-1.
'Jrichodiuni decumbens. Mich. 1. p. 73.
At;rostis aiiomala. Sp : pi : 1. p. 70.

Root creeping, perennial. Stnn decumbent, ^cnera'ly abmit 1 foot
high, sometimes 2, slender, columnar, uilabrous. fences 2 — 6 inci.es
lons^. 1 — 3 lines wide, slightly scabrous ; sheaf s longer 4'\an tne joii.ts,
glabrous : stipules membranous. Vau'ide slender, dilTuse, but less so
than in the preceding species, and the lit- jrs less clustered at tho

100

TRIANDRIA DICYNIA.

summits. Cali/x 2 valved, nearly equal, very acute, acuminate, coiri '
pressed, the keel serrulate. Corolla 1 valved, shorter than the calyx,
rather acute. Anthers white. •SfyZes short. Stigmas white.

T'liis is a fine delicate winter grass, but never appears to grow vig-
orously enough for the scythe, nor will it bear, except in shaded or
damp soils, tl;e heat of summer.

Grows in damp shaded places.

Flowers September — December.- Perennial Trichodiinnft

LEERSIA. Gen. pl. 105.

Calyx 0. Corolla 2-
valvis, clausa.

1. ViRGINICA.

L. panicuia laxa, par-
vula, raniulis sparsis ; flo-
ribus appressis, monan-
dris, scabris; glumis cari-
na parce ciliatis. E.

Corolla S

Sp : pl : p. 325.

Calyx 0.
valved, closed.

Panicle loose, with scat-
tered branches, small ;
flowers appressed ; mo-
nandrous, scabrous ; the
keel of the glumes spar-
ingly ciliate.

Hoot fibrous, perennial. Stem erect and decumbent, compressed,
sparingly branched, £ — 3 feet high, hairy at the joints. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, acute, scabrous; sheath compressed, withthe angles
arute, very scabrous, shorter than the joints : stipule membranous,
not hairy. Panicle terminal, composed of a few racemes with the
flowers on one side ; flowers caducous. Corolla, valves equal ; the
exterior compressed, boat shaped, mucronate, 5 nerved, nerves and
keel ciliate, and the glume also scabrous ; the interior linear-lanceo-
late, with the keel straight, slightly ciliate : the flowers so closely ap-
pressed as generally to bend round the common peduncle. Filament
1 ? longer than the" corolla. Styles two. Stigma feathered, white,
^eed oblong.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers August — September. Virginian Leersia:

S. Lenticular! s ? JMich.

L paiiicula erecta; flo-

ribus majusculis, subor-

biculatis, diandris, imbri-

Catis, carina,
ciliatis. E,

nervisque

Panicle erect ; flowers
large, nearly orbicular, di-
androus, imbricate, with
the keel and nerves cili-
ate*

TRIANDIUA DIGYNIA.

101

Root pcrt'nnlal. Stem ort'ct, '^ — I foot l<i«rli, to4*cte. smooth excopt-
"injj; at tlio jtiiiits, Lfaves suinowhat Ljiieoolalo, scabroMs aloii:: the
niarsiiiis, and on tlio iiiidor suilaco. nearly smooth above ; sl-.eat'is a
little slioitor than tho joints, hi^pitj.w itii tlio hairs rotrorso. Hraiichcs
<»l the imtiicle nearly erort. The fn>u-ers nmch larger than in tiie
othqr s])ocio>, closely imbricate, sprinklod willishoit still" hairs, and
Iriniroil ahmi; every nerve; the valves so broad as to form a flv)v er
nearly orbicular. Stamens '2. (in cvoiy llower that 1 have examiiiPil)
shorter than the calyx, Sti/lea shorter than the calvx. itt'f-mus
white, feathered. Sectaries •■2, «)val r laru^er than th,e v.erm.

(irous in Cankden county, near the Satilla river. Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers Jinund-Jluu-i'n'd Leersia.

3. Oryzoides ?

L. puniciila cflusa.ona-
jiLSCiila; tiorihus Iriarulris,
scabris, patulis ; jj!;linnis
carina conspiciic ciliatis.
E.

Panicle cflTiised, lar^je ;
llowoi's triandro'is, stu-
hruiis, cxpaiuliiig; ji;hinics
Willi the keel conspieu-
oiitjly ciliate.

Sp : pi :
Mich. 1.

1. p. 3i25.
p. 39.

A plant in all respects lar2;or than the 1.. Vir^inica. Stem
3 — I feet hi'^li. In this the panicle is large and every \\ay diffused,
\\'\t\\ the branches sonu'times pendulous. Fluicers nearly sessile on
the common peduncle, imbricate, aj)pressed to each other not a;:;ainst
the stem ; the keel of oarh valve conspicuously c liate. The V'iijrinica
appeared to me always monandrous, t!iis manifestly iriandrons.
styles in both species shorter than the corolla, projecting at the sides.
Leaves very scabrous.

(Jrows in tiie river swamps at Ogechee. Near Charleston.

Flowers October— iS'ovcmbcr. Spreading-fioivered Leersia,

PHALARIS. Gen. pl. 106.

Cali/i- 2-valvis, carina-
(iis, longitudine a'qiialis,
corollani includens.

1. A.MKint ANA. E.

p. panicula oblonj^a,
spiciformi j glumis caly-

Ctiljix 2 valved, keeled,
equal in length, enclosing
the corolla.

Panicle ohlonsr, resem-
bling a spike ,• glumes of

<03

TRIANDRI.V DIGYNIA.

cinis naviculanbiij, ser-
TiJ-atis : (toroHu quatlri-
valvi, viilvulis exterioii-
bus linearibiis.interiorihus
if'iequalibus, omnibus pi-
losis E.

the calyx boat-shaped,
serrulate ; corolla 4 valv-
ed, exterior valves linear,
interior unequal, all hairy.

p. arundinacea. Mich. 1. p. 43. Mulil. Cat. p. 8.

Root annual ? Stem erect, a little geniculate at base, columnar,
blanching-, slightly scabious near the summit. Leaves linear-lanceo-
late, i^li^htly keeled, glabrous ; sheath open, much shorter than the
joints; stipule membranous. (^'«/^.r, valves compressed, very acute,
the keel serrulate and a little winged near the summit; the exterior
\alve a little shorter than the interior. Corolla, the 2 accessory
valves minute, glandular at base : of the" interior valves, the exterior
is ovate, acuminate, slightly compressed, half as long as the calyx,
but twice as long as the interior. Sectaries 9 scales ? ovate -lanceo-
late, acute, longer than the germ. Filavient<i 5. Anthers dark pur-
ple. Stifle 1 ? cleft almost to the base. Sti^mag feathered, white.
Sepd obloiig.

This platit appears to be worth cultivating as a spring grass.

Grows in river swamps, in situations not frequently inundated.
OjiPchee. Pon Pon. I have seen it on James Island in a dry soil.

Flowers April. Jimerican Fhalarts.

AULAXANTHUS. E.

riorrs paniculati. Ca-
h'T 2 valvis, l-florus ;
\>a5vis pequalil)us, sulcatis.
C^pidla S-valvis, subje-

qUrtiir>.

4. CiLIATUS. E.

A. culmo erecto ; foliis
I'^.eai'ibus, ciliatis ; pani-
cula graciii, stricta. E.

Flo-wers in panicles.
Cahjx 2 valved, 1 flow-
ered ; valves equal, fur-
rowed. Corolla 2 valv-
ed, valves nearly equal.

Stem erect ; leaves li-
near, cilia te ; panicle slen-
der, appressed.

Phalaris villosa ? Mich. 1. p. 43.

Root fibrous, perennial } Stem S feet high, glabrous, near the roof
somewhat compressed, above columnar, naked. Leaves linear, not
channelled, glabrous, ciliate ; sheath contracted and ciliate,with very
short httir at the throat ; lower leaves 6 — 8 inches long, the upper

TRIVNDRT.V DIGYNIA.

103

i^iminisliing; to a '^ralc, but wifli Ions; slu-a^'is. Calyx, slumcs eqiin!,
liiiKfolate, fOJicavc, tuaikod with '» t-Iovati'il nerves, ami .5 l<Mit;itii(li-
iial, vill()\is ruirows: liair \viuti>.|i. Corr.Ua 2 valvcil,a little une(|iiai,
t'\torini* concave, acute, as loii'^ a'* t!ie calyx : the interior flat, just
•vnbraced hv llu* n>ari;iii of the o\(erior valve, both brown, when nia-
Liin" black : at the back of t!ic interior valve occurs a neutral floret
1 valveil, ovate, '2 cleft, ^reen. FUumciita .>. »iiitlters tawnv. Stifles
'i, lon;j;er tlian tlie corolla. ^/<_^-i»i«s feathered, w hite. Seed ubuvale^
nearly round, tjlalirou-;.

(irows in dry piru* barrens.

Flowers September — October. Fringtd ^lula.vantlms.

2. IUfus. E.

A. culino erecto ; foliis
glahcrrimis: panicuhi nui-
juscula. sul)aj)j)ressa; vil-
lis calvcis rulis. E.

Stem erect ; leaves
very glabrous ; panicle
large, slightly appiessed ;
iiairortlie calvx rufous.

This species diflfers from the precedin;; very much in si/.e ; it is
every way larger. The leaves are destitute of hair, except at the
throat : and tlie rufous hair on the calyx is so long as to cause the
flower to resemble a ball of hair. It niav be merely a variety pro-
ducet! by a difl'erence of soil ; but as I had not a favourable opportu-
nity of examinini; it, I insert it here for future observation.

Grows in savannas, and damp soils in the pine barrens, midway
between Saltcatcher bri^l^e and .Slurphy's. on the F'disto,

Flowers August — Septeutber. llufuus-finwered %iidaxanihus.

Tins jjenus is nearly allied to Panicum : but its furrowed calvv and
tlie absence of an accessory valve suiraleiitly distin.;uish it. It ap-
pears to be separated from Phalaris bo(l» by structure and habit. To
tlie Paspalum it bears some aflinity in the structure of the flowers, but
is very distinct in habit.

MILIUM. Gex. PL. 110.

CahiT S-valvis, uniflo-
rus ; valvnlis sul){rf|uali-
l)us. Corulhi l)revissiina.
Sligmala pcnicillii'ormia.

Cal/fx 3 valvcd, one
flowerrd ; with the valves
uiicc[ual. Corolla very
.«hort.
ed.

Stigmas feather-

101

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA*.

1. Paspalodes.

U. culmo repente, as-
ccnJentoque ; foliis apice
coiUractis ; spius con-
jiigatis ; floribus alternis ;
glumis ovato-lanceolaiis.
E.

Stem creeping and as-
cending; leaves contract-
ed near the smninit ;
spikes conjugate; flowers
alternate ; glumes ovate-
lanceolate.

M. distichiini. Muhl. Cat.

Digitaria paspalodes. Mich. 1. p. 46.

Root perennial. Stem creeping and ascending, compressed, gla-
brous. Leaves 3 — 6 inches long, 4 lines broad, obtuse, ciliate, gla-
brou!*, about half an inch from the summit contracted, and feeling as
if crossed by a rib or nerve, yellowish green. Spikea conjugate. Flow-
era alternate, one from each bud, somewhat distichous. Cabjx, glumes
eqnal, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla, glumes equalj
ovate, shorter t!>aii the calyx, generally about half its length. Jlnthers
dark purple. »S7i.2;HJrt.s similar, feathered. <S'ee</ compressed, ovate.

This plant is an intermediate species between the Milium and Pas-
palum. From its acute calyx and abbreviated corolla, it has been
placed in this ijenus ; yet to the corolla the Linnean phrase " brevis-
sima'- can by no means apply.

Grows in close soils, on Charleston neck. Beaufort. Very com*
nion I have never seen it far from salt water.

Flowers June — September. Twin-spiked Milium.

PASPALUM. Gen. Pl. 107.

Mores in spicis uni-
laterifloiis. Calyx 2-
valvis, orbiculatus. Co-
rolla 2-valvis, ejusdem
magnitudinis.

i, Setvceum. Mich.

P. culmo erecto ; foliis
vaginisqiie villosis ; spicis
plerunique solitariis ; flo-
ribus biseriatis.

Flowers in spikes, ar-
ranged on one side. Ca-
hix % valved, orbicular.
Corolla % valved, equal in
size.

Stem erect ; leaves and
sheaths villous ; spikes
generally solitary ; flow-
ers in 2 rows.

Mich. 1. p. 43.

"Root fibrous, perennial. Stem columnar, slender, glabrous. Leaves
Jiarrow, acute, keeled ; the upper joint of the stem -which supports

# TRIANDUIA DTGYXIA.

105

thp spikes very lone; ; spikes soinptiim»s axillary. Calyx, j^lumcs
rtjual, one flat, the other convex, l)(ttli .l or 5 neixed, pubcment wiieii
viewed uith a lens. Corolla similar, but i;lahi-ous. Filaments i,
^iufhers purple. Styles '2. Stin^maa fealheri'il, simple.

<iro«s in ilry soil-i. Coinmua aroiiud Beaufort.

rio\v«'rs June — August. Sltnder Paspnluit^

2. Di:niLE. Mich.

V. culino (lcl)ili ; loliis
et caule ? pilosis ; spica
pleninique uiiica, tcniii :
iloribus idtcniis uiiiseiia-
tis.

Mich. 1. p. 44.

1*. dissfctum .^ Walt. p. 75.

Stem setaceous near the summit
jrachis, obovate, pubescent wlien viewed uitli a lens.
This is an obscure species to me.
Grows along the sea coast oi' Carolina and Geor'j;ia. Mich.

lytak-atalkcd FaspalunH.

Stem weak ; loaves and
slein.Miairv ; spike gen-
erally ()no,sleri(ler; flow-
ers allenialc one luwctU

Flowers, 1 from each bud of the
Mich.

Stem decumbent ; leaves
nearly pilabrous, hand-
somely ciliate ; spike gen-
erally 1 ; [lowers large,
3 rowed.

3. CiLiATiFOi.iuM. Mich.
P. ciilmo (iecumhente ;
foliis subglabris, pulciire
ciliatis : spica plcrumquc
unica ; lioribus magnis,
quasi triseriatis.

Mich. 1. p. 44.

stem somewhat decumbent, sli;;htly compressed, glabrous. Leavef;
wide, glabrous, sometimes sprinklcel with hair, keeled, the margin
frLMpiently purple; sheaths glabrous, open, the margins not ciliate..
Hjiik'es as in the preceding species, flowers larger ami crowded, so as
to form 3 rows. Calyx, glumes pubescent under a lens. Filaments 3.
.Anthers purple. Stizmas featlierod, purjjlc.

Grows in dry cultivated ground. Very common.

Flowers May — Septendjcr. Fringed Paspalumt,

4. Dasyphvt.lt'M. E.

V. culino dccuml)cnte,
glabro ; foliis vaginisquc
hirsutissimis ; spicis pau-
cis (2 — 3),patentibus, llo-
ribus triseriatis. E.

N

Stem decumbent, gla-
brous ; leaves and sheaths
very hairy ; spikes few
(2 — 3), expanding ; flow-
ers in three rows.

106

TRlANDRlA BTGYNIA.

Stem 12 — 18 inches hi^h, glabrous, sometimes branched, decum-
bent, /^catvs broad, nearly strap-shaped, getterally acute, and with
the sheath very hairy* sheaths shorter than the joints. Spikes 2 — 3,
alternate, expandinj; ; flowers, 2 at each bud, both nearly sessile.
Calyx 3 nerved, sli>;!itly pubescent, oval, but so wide as to be nearly
round. Stigmas feathered, dark purple.

This species is very common in cultivated ground. It appears to
have been confounded with the preceding, to which it has but
little resemblance. In the P. ciliatifolium, the leaves are slightly
pubescent, sometimes glabrous, but always beautifully fringed ; in this,
tlie margin is • nly hairy in common with the surface of the leaf. In
tlie former, the naked slender summit of the stem frequently extends
12 — 18 inches, bearing a solitary terminal spike; and sometimes
there are 2 or 3 peduncles fif so tiiey may be called) from a sheath;
in this, the summit is not extended, and bears 2 or 3 expanding
spikes.

Flowers July — October. Hairy-leaved Paspalum,

5. pRjECox. Walt
P. ciilmo erecto ; foliis
lanceolato-linearibus, gla-
bris ; spicis plurimis, al-
ternis ; rachi angiista. hasi
pilosa ; floribus triseriatis.

Stem erect ; leaves lan-
ceolate-linear, glabrous ;
spikes many, alternate ;
rachis nan-ow, hairy at
base ; flowers in 3 rows.

Walt. p. 75.
W\c\\. 1. p. 44.

Stem erect, glabrous. Leaves long, almost linear, glabrous ; sheath^
glabrous, the throat not hairy ; stipule membranous. Spikes 3 — 5 }
flowers crowded, 2 from each bud, one sessile. Rachis linear^
straight, surrounded at base with long hair. Glumes orbicular, very
smooth. Anthers saftron colour. Stigmas dark purple.

Grows in damp soils, ditches, &c.

Flowers May — August. Early PaspaliifiP.

6. LiEVE. Mich.

P. culino erecto ; foliis
brevibus,glaberrimis; spi-
cis alternis ; floribus bise-
riatis, glabris, majusculis.

Mich. I. p. 44.

Stem erect, 1 — 2 feet high, glabrous. Leaves narrow, lanceolate,.
*ather short, soujewhat glaucous, very smooth, contracted and hairy

Stem erect ; leaves
shoit, very glabrous ;
spikes alteri'ate ; flowers
2 rowed, glabrous, large.

TRIANDRIA DIOYNlA.

407

lit the throat : stipule iupmbraii(Mi>;. Sj/ili-es about 5 ; flowers, one from
eaci) bud, laii^e, smuuth, uibiculur; racbis linear, lloxuuua, a liltltt
hairy at baM>.

(irows ii> (lamp pastures. Pari!* Uland.

Flowers June — isepteniber.

I insert this species froin Michaux. I have latterly doubted whethev
tlie ilant I found on Paris Island can be considered mure than a ^jla-
brous variety of the P. Huridanum.

7. Floridanum. Midi.

P. culnio erecto ; fojiis
inferioribus villosissimis.
supciionljus scabris, pilo-
sis, longe vaginaiUibiis ;
spicis paucis : tloribus bi-
seriatis, glabiis, majiiscu-
lis. E.

Mich. 1. p. 44.

Stem erect, columnar, smooth, 3 — 4 feet hi^h. Leaves lonjj, the
lower very hairy, and scabrous, the uppwr ones beconiinjr nearly
suiooth ; sheaths similar ; tlie tbn)at villous; stipule membranous.
Sfjikes almost unifonnly ;>. Jiachis linear, flexuous, hairy at base.
Flowers, 1 sometimes 2 from each bud, large, smooth. Stigmas pur-
ple.

Grows in drv <;oils. Sometimes occurs in damp ground. Common.

Flowers June — September. Florida Fasj)alum,

Stem erect ; lower
leaves very villous, upper
scabrous, hairy ; sheatiis
\cvy long ; spikes few ;
flowers in 2 rows
brous, large.

§li^

8. Pltcatulfm. Mich.

P. culnio erecto ; Tohis
angustis, longis ; spicis
pluril)us ; lloribus triseri-
atis ; valvula plana juxta
margines tranverse pli-
cata. I

Mich. I. p. 45.

PUint very j;Iabrous. Spikes alternate, erect. G/Mm«s short. ©vatC;,
somewhat rufous, {jlabrous. Mi«h.
I have not seen tliis species.
iarowb Id Georgia and Florida. Mich.*

Stem erect ; leaves nar-
row, long; spikes many ;
flowei-s in 3 rows ; the
flat valve transversely
plaited near the margins.

108

TRIANDIIIA IJIGYNIA.

Stem somewhat erect;
leaves long, purplish,
hairy at tlie throat ; spikes
numerous,Yilious at ijascf
llowers in 4 rows.

9. PlJRPURASCENS. E.

p. ciihiio siiberecto :
oliis prselongis, pui'pii-
rascentibus, ad laiicem
pilosis ; spicis pliirimis,
basi pilosis ; floribus
quadriseriatis. E.

R. virgatura, Walt. p. 75,

Stem decumbent and ascendinj!;? terete, glabrous, branching, 2 Teet
high. Leaves very long, 12 — 18 inches, 5 — 6 lines wide, scabrous
along the margins, hairy near the base, remarkable lor their dark pur-
ple hue, which extends also to tlic lower part of the stem. Spikes
6 — 12. Floivers 2 from each bud, crowded. Had. is rather wide,
straiglit, hairy at base. Jlnthevs safiVon colour. i>tig-inas dark pur-
ple, iieed nearly black.

This plant resembles much Sloan's figure, Kist. Jam. 1. p. 113'
t. 69. f. 1. But as the exterior valve of the calyx is neither short nor
hairy, it nwst be considered a distinct species from the P. virgatuni.
J-iin.

Grows in most soils. Common.

Flowers July — October. Purple Paspaliim.-

Stem creeping ; leaves
short, somewhat glau-
cous, shining; spikes 2,
one sitting ; glumes lan-
ceolate.

10. DiSTICHUM.

P. culmo repente ; fb-
liis brevibus. gh^ucescen-
tibus, nitidis ; spicis dua-
bus, altera sessili ; glumis
lanceolatis. E.

Sp. pi. p. 33^2.
Walt. p. 75.

Boot perennial. Stem prostrate, geniculate, branching, throwing
out roots at the joints, slightly compressed, glabrous ; the flower-
bearing stems assuigent, about 1 foot high. Leaves 2 inches long,
acute, son^ewhat glaucous, shining, sprinkled with a few hairs; sheath
open, the margins and throat hairy. Spikes 2, sometimes 4. Floicers
alternate, 2 rowed. Glumes exactly lanceolate. Anthers dark pur-
ple. iitig:mas feathered, dark purple.

The leaves in our plant are never involute.

Grows in wet and damp soils. 'l"o rice planters too well knowM
under the name of joint-grass.

Flowers through the whole summer. Creeping Paspalumt .

Joinc-gras9*

TUIANDUIA D1G\NIA»

400

crcepiiis;,

Very glal)rous ; stem
branching; ;
leaves linear; spikes s;en-

erally two, teiniinal,
sheathed hv a terminal
leaf. ' .

i I. \ AGINATI'M. E.

V. glabcrnmum ; cul-
iiu) repenle, rainoso ; fo-
liis lineanl)ijs ; spieis ple-
i"um(;u(! hiiiis, tenninali-
hiis. folio terniiiiali vagi-
r.atis. E.

Sti-m 1'2 — 18 iuclies loti'jr, sli^jhtly compressed, much branched near
the auniniit. lA'iivrs linear, .short (I — !2 inches), acute; the sheaths of
tlie upptM- leaves lonj;er than i\ie joints, and sonu:tin»es tliere are 2
leaves from eac!» joint. iSpikes at tlie extrentity of each branch, one
nearly ses>ile, tlie other on a pe«liincle I — 2 inciies loni; : a b-af froia
tisc snmmit of the brancli with its sheatl* envelopes the sessile spike
and the peduncle of the other. liacltis linear, straight, wide, the back
Hat, tlie sides inllexed and coverinu; one half the flower, finely frinired.
i-'luirers in two rows, one from each bud, sessile, l^alves of the caltjx
ecjiial, ovati.-, nearly aeiite, 3 nerved.

This species seems to connect this genus to the Ccrcsla. Vet it may
be remarked that in this plant the valves of the calyx are equal, tho
midrib distinct, and the structure exactly similar to the other s|)ecie.s
«d"paspalum. In the Ceresia the valves of the calyx are unequal, and
the midrib altogether wanting. The rachis in this, is wide and cover*
a part of the flower, but in the Ceresia, it so completely protects the
llowcr that the calyx becomes colourless (etiolateil).

Grows in humid soils. Near Savannah — Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers in the Summer. Sheathed Paapaluvu

CERESIA.

FloscuU lateralcs, bifa-
rii,sub rachi lata, mcmhra-
jiacea, cynibiformi. Ca-
lyx 2-valvis, l-tlorus.

i. Fr.riTANs. E.

C. ciilnio repente, as-
cendenteque, plermnquc
fluitante ; foliis scabris ;
spieis plurimis, iijluniis
calycinis albis, j)iinctalis,
parcc pilosis.

Paspalum mcmbranaceure ."* AV
P. mucronatum, Muhl. Cat.

Persoon.

Flowers lateral, two
rowed, under a wide,
inenil)ranous, boat-sha|)-
ed raehis. Calyx 2 valv-
ed, 1 flowered.

Stem creepins; and as-
cending, generally float-
ing ; leaves scabious ;
si)ikes nuineious ; glumes
ol" the calyx white, dot-
ted, a liltlc hairy.

alt. p. 75,

no TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA.

Root annual ? Stem procumbent, creeping and assiirgent, 1 — 3 feet
long, a little compressed, very glabrous. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long^
4 — 5 lilies wide, the under surface slightly gl.iucous; slieaths generally
shorter tlian the joints, hairy at base: stipule membranous, lacerate.
Spikes 20 — 30, slightly recurved. Jinc/iis wide, keeled, acute, sca-
brous, the margins and keel finely serrulate, covering tlie flowers (as
with a roof), that are arran^ced along its under surface. Cnly.r, glumes
ovate, acute, (without a midrib,) dotted, white, with the two marginal
nerves green, sprinkled with hair; the exterior valve a little longer,
bifid at the summit. Corolla -2 v Ived, a little smaller than the calyx ;
valves ovate, acute, equal, tiie exterior convex, the interior flat-
JW'ctavies 2, small, ovate. Filaments 3. Anthers whte. Styles 2,
shorter than the corolla. Stigmas featliered, white. Seed nearly oval.

Grows in the river swamps. Ogechee. In rice fields.

Flowers September — November. Floating Ceresia.

PHLEUM. Gen. pl. 109.

Calyx 2 valved, sessile,
linear, truncate, with the
summit 2 pointed. Co-^
rolla inclosed.

Spike cylindrical, very
long, ciliate ; stem erect.

Calyx 2-valvis, sessihs,
linearis, truncatus, apice
bicuspidatus. Corolla in-
clusa.

1. Prvtense.

p. spica cylindrica,
longissima, ciliata ; culmo
e recto. Sp. pl. i. p.
554.

Root perennial. Stem erect, columnar, glabrous. Leaves linear-
lanceolate, serrulate, scabrous ; sheaths somewhat scabrous, longer
than the joints ; stipules membranous, lacerate. Flowers \n a com-
pound spike. Spikelets many flowered, appressed. Calyx 2 valved,
valves ecjual, hairy, ciliate, the back somewhat aculeate, truncate,
with the midri!) extended to an awn twice the length of the valves.
Corolla 2 valved, much smaller than the calyx.

Grows on Sulllvans Island, originating no doubt from imported seed.
From its having naturalised itself on that island, it is probable that
this valuable grass merits attention from our farmers. In that barren
6oil it was humble, scarcely exceeding tj — 10 inches in height.

Flowers in June — July. Meadow FlUeum-^Timothy..

ALOPECURUS. Gen. pl. lOS.

Calyx 2-valvis. Carol- I Cab^x 2 valved. Carols
la i-vaivis. j la i valved.

TlllANDUI.V DIGYNIA#

111

Stem g;c!uculate ; keels
of the, calyx ciliutc ; awii
twice as long as the co-
rolla.

1 . CnNK riiATus ?

A. cuhuo ,2;eniculato :
calvris cariiiis cilialis :
arislls ^luma duplo Ion-
gioribus. E.

S|). pi. p. SIR.

A. piatonsia? Walt. p. 7 J.

ILiwt perennial. Stem geniculate, ascenflins;, terete, very glabrous,
about oru* toot liiii;h. Lvaves 2 — \ inches lon-j:, -2 — 5 lines wide, gla-
brous, tlic margins and upper surface 3. little roughened : sheaths
shorter than the joints, glalirous ; stipules ovate, membranous. Ftotc-
en in a compoujid cylindrical spike } closely appressed. Calyx 2
valvod : valves equal, obtuse, compressed, hairy, the keel ciliate, al-
most villous. Vnrolla 1 valved, as long as the calyx, glabrous, obtuse,
with an awn attached to its base twice as long as itself. Anther*
white. 'Stii^ma>i white, almost simple.

(irows in damp and clayey soils. In rice f.elds, commou.

Fluwcrti iji -Match.

PAXICUM. Gen. pl. 107.

CnUjx 8-valvis ; valva
exteriore minima.

1. Cenciiroides. E.

P. spiea tcrcti, stiicta ;
involucre nuiltipailito, u-
nifloro, laciniis tcreti-sub-
iilatis. rigidis, scahri^,
flosculos paulo supcran-
tibus. E.

CaUfX .3 valved ; ex-
terior valve very small.

Spike terete, strict ;
invohicrum many parted,
ene flowered, the seg-
ments terete, subulate,
rigid, scabrous, a little
lon":er than the florets.

Root perennial ? Stem erect, terete, scabrous near the spike.
Leaves long, 5 — 7 I'nes wide, flat, scabrous on the inner surface,
rather smooth on the outer, contracted and hairy at the tliroat ; sheaths
longer .' than the joints. f7o«'< rs in a compact, appressed. rigid spike.
Itivolucrum many cleft, the exterior segments very short, the interior
a little longer than the flower, all rigid anil somewhat pungent. Ca-
ly.v 3 valved : the accessory valve about halft'ie length of the others ;
proper valves nearly efjual, 3 — 7 nerved. Tn/ivs of the comlla equal,
rather longer than the calyx. Jjnthers purple. Stigmas leatliered,
white.

For this species I am indebted to Dr. Baldwin, who found it on
Jekyl Island, Georgia.

^'lowers , Spiny Panicuvt,

lis

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

2. L.BViGATuni. MuhL Cat.

P. glaberrimum ; culmo
comf)resso ; spica tere-
ti ; spiculis unifloris ; in-
volucellis aristis decern.

Plant very smooth ;
stem con^. pressed ; spike
columnar ; spikelets one
flowered ; invokicels 10
awned.

J?oof perennial ? Stem procumbent, 1 — 2 feet high, much compress-
ed, lower joints very short. Leaves narrow, acute, sliglitly channell-
ed, very smooth, freqnentl;^ longer than the stem, margins entire ;
sheaths smooth, compressed, lower one much longer than t!ic joints,
so that the leaves appear imbricate and distichous. Ilachis pubes-
cent. Filaments 3. Anthers \inrp\e. Stifles 2, as long as the corol-
la. Stigmas feathered, purple, -^ieed nearly smootli.

This species has great affinity to the P.glaucum. It differs by its
more compressed, stem, its longer leaves, its spikelots generally one
flowered, and a corolla so smooth that transverse strire can only be
discovered by a good lens.

Grows on the sea islands, (on fadings' plentifully,) along the margins
of the salt water.

Flowers through the summer. Smooth Fanicum.

3. Glaucum.

P. spica tereti ; invo-
iucellis bifloris, fascicula-
to-pilosis ; seminibus iin-
dulato-riigosis. Sp, pi.
4. p. 335.

Spike cylindrical ; in-
voluccls two flowci'ef],
hairy, fasciculate ; seeds
crossed by undulate
wrinkles.

Mich. 1. p. 46.
P. alopecurodeum,

Walt. p. 72.

Jtoot annual. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, slightly compressed, glabrous.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute, margins serrulate, upper surface
scabrous, the under nearly smooth. Spike couiposed of spikelets
which shoot out at first several buds, perhaps one for each awn,
but generally mature only one or two seeds, ^^flwns 8 — 10, divided in-
to two fascicles, 2 — 3 times as long as the flower. Cali/.r 3 valved,
glabrous; the exterior valve small, ovate, acute, 3 nerved; the next
lanceolate, slightly mucronate, concave, 5 nerved ; the interior longer,
nearly flat, with the margins inflexed, acute, 5 nerved. Corolla 2
valved ; the exterior ovate, concave, obscurely 5 nerved, transversely
rugose ; interior flat, 2 nerved, more faintly rugose. Filaments 3. An-
thers orange-coloured. Styles 2, longer than the corolla. Stigmas
feathered, purple.

TRrANDRTV DTGYNFA^

113

We have of this plant three vciv distinct varieties.

i. (ilaiicuni r plant s;ru\vin<; in small detachod bunches, 12 — IS
inches hi^h. Stem and li-aves t* rect. Leaves (in the upper surface
p,Iaucous : spikt'lcts 1 th)\\ered; rachis pube.-cent, ahoost tonicrfrose :
awii >«>int'rniu's tinged uitli pur|;lo.

"2. Fla\('>cens. SttMii procumbent, takinu; root at the lower joints,
2 — Sfeetloii'g; leaves Ion;;, decumbent : rachis villous: spikt-lets 1
flowered ; tho whole plant has a yellow hue.

3. I'urpurascens. l!»«im<*what decumljent, 10 — l.l inches hi<;h ;
leaves short, expanding:, upp»'r pat of the stem nak**!! : spike small ;
rachis hirsute : s[)ikclt>ts lVe«|uently ii tlowered ; transvor^e wriiiklis
of the seed much coarser in tliis than in the preceding varieties ; awns
purple, and the glumes uf the mature seed.

l)r. Muhlenberg once considered this variety as a distinct sj)ecies,
which he propo.»ed to call P. medium, as intermediate between P.
glaucum and germanicnm. He however omitted it in his catalo"^ue,
and I have for the present arranged it here.

Grows. The 1st. near Charleston, a)>pearing to prefer the vicinitv of
salt water ; the 2d every where excepting; in inundated lands : the 3d.
in dry sandypastures ; on Paris Island, common. Found also ou
riiarleston neck.

Flowers through the whole summer. Glc\iiQous Paniciim.

4. CORIIUGATIIM. E.

V. spica tcrrti, conipo-
sita, setosa; spiculis nuil-
tiiloris (7 — lo) ; corollis
liansvcr.sc ruii:osis. E.

Spike terete, coinpound,
bristly ; spikelcts many
flowered. (7 — 10) : eoiol-
la transversely rugose.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, terete, slightly scabrous. Leaves 8 — 1 2 inches
louff. 3 lines wide, acute, very scabrous ; up'per sheaths longer tlian
the joints, scabious ; stipules hairy. Floirers in a comjjact, terete
spike, G inches louir, composed of niany appressed spikeiets; 7 — 10
feriile Howers, and as many sterile on each spikelet. Jitvulucrum,
a bristle at the base of each floret, whetlier sterile or fertile, 3 or 4
times as long as the floret. Calyx 3 valved ; accessary valve half as
long as the proper valves, all 5 nerved .Corolla as lona; as the caKx ;
exterior valve and t!ie seed transversely wrinlvled. ^Int hers and ^ii< '
vias dark purple.

This species has much resemblance to the P. Italicum, but is smaller,
and its flowers have the structure ol the P. triaucum.

Sent to me from Savannah by Dr. Jialdwin.

Flowers Wrinkled ranicim.

5. IiAi-irrM.

P. spica coinposita,l)asi | Spikes compressed, nod-
interru|)ta, nutante ; spi- | dinji;, interrupted at basf ;
culis glomeratis -, involu- | spikeiets clustered ; invo-

114i

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

ceUis setaceis flore multo | lucels with bristles miich
longiorilms ; raclii toiiien- ] longer than the flower;
tosa. Sp.pl. 1. p. 336. I rachis tomentose.

Walt. p. 72.

Boof perennial, ^'^tem 2 — 10 feet high, erect, a little compressed*
Leaves nearly 3 feet lonj^, li incl-.es wide, channelled, scabrous ;
slieaths as long as th.e joints, scabrous witiiout. glabrous within, the
thrnat and margins near the throat, ciliate. Spikelets many flowered,
at tl'.e base of the spike a little remote, towards the summit crowded.
Jiiims 4 — 6 times as long as the flower, '2, 3, or more, at the base of
each tloret, perhaps one only for each bud. Jtachis angled, very vil-
lous* not tomentose. C'aly.v 2 flowered, hermaphrodite and malcj
nearly as in P. glaucum. Corolla smooth ; of the male flower,
one valved, membranous, as long as those of the hermaphro-
dite fiower ; the margins infiexed, the angles nerved and ciliate. Fil^
amentfi 3. Anthers pale yellow. Htigma feathered, purple ? Seed
lery smooth.

Grows in ponds and wet soils.
» Flowers August — September. iMrgc-sjnked Fanicum.

Spikes alternate and hy
pairs ; spi Relets subdi-
vided ; glumes awned,
hispid ; racliis five angled.

6. Crus Gallt.

P. spicis alternis, con-
jugatisque ; spiculis siib-
divisis : glumis aristatis,
hispidis ; rachi quinquan-
gulaii. Sp. pi. 1. p. S'S7'

Mich. 1. p. 46.

P. hirtellum, Walt, p 72.

Root annual. Stem erect, 2 — 4 feet high, terete, glabrous. Leaves
1 — 2 feet long, 6 — 10 lines wide, channelled, somewhat scabrous,
acutely serrulate. Flowers crowded on spikes which form a terminal
panicle, liacliis very scabrous, hairy. Calyx 2 flowered, hermaph-
rodite, and neuter: accessory valve very small, tciininated by a short
awn ; exterior valve lanceolate, concave, with an awn 5 times its own
length; interior lanceolate, flat, with an awn 10 times its own length ;
valves nerved, and hispid. Corolla slightly pubescei>t ; valve of the
neutral floret small, lanceolate, membranous. Filaments 3. Anthers'
saffron «-oloured. Stigmas featiicred, purple. Seed smooth.

Of this species we possess three remarkable varieties.

1. muticum, valves of the calyx without awns, only acuminate and
hispid. Rachis scabrous, not hairy.

2. aristatum, as described above. Awns sometimes shorter.

3. hispiUum. (P. hispidiim, Muhl. Cat.) with the sheath of the
leaves very hispid, the bristles glandular and jointed, ^wns shorte#
tiiajii in the second variety.

TRIANIUMV DICaNIA. US

flrovrs. 1 rnrp. 2 vn v ( uiinnoii in vet urouiul ; well known tu

n<M' planU'rs us tlio n-d j\:uik u;ra4S. Son K(linj:;*s Island, iiiound
jMUuls.

Flowers through tlie summer. Cocksfoot Panicum,

7. Walteri. I

P. spicis altcrnis. sub- j Spikes alternate, .a;en-
apprcssis, iinilatcrilloiis ; | crally ap[)ressed, flcwcr-
floribus triscriaiis, niiiti- | ing on one side ; flowers
cis ; geniniis biiloris. E. | in 3 row^, nnawncd; buds

I 2 flowered.

p. dimidiatuni, Walt. p. 72.

Jtont annual ? Stem erect, strlrt, 2 feet hi2;h, slender, j:;laI)rou8.
J^nvra 4 — f) inches lonij. ~ — 3 linos wide, 2;labr()u«;, expandin'^ hori-
zontallv ; sheath open, glabrous, j^eneraily shorter tlian the joints, at
the throat ciliate. Spikes 7 — 12. the lower ones remote, about 1 inch
li>nj:. Ifnchi'i triquetrous, scabrous. Cali/.v 'Z ilowered, hermaphro-
dite, and male. Valve of t!je small flower lanceolate, nearly Hat,
with the margins inflected, as larsie as those of the hermaphrodite
ilower. FilnmentsS. Jliithers purple; of tlie male flower similar.
Stiz'i^as puiple.

'j'his species sometimes approaches to the var. muticum, of the
P. Cms Galli, but its spikes are always smaller and more remote ;
its flowers too are smaller, and the calyx less hairy.

Grows in damp soils. On Charleston neck, common. Macleod's
pond. 05 miles from Savannah, on the Ogechee road.

Flowers through the summer. ffaUer's Panicum,.

8. HfRTELLUM. I

P. spica composita ; Spike coin pound ;

spicidis appressis, alter- | spikclcts appresscd, al-
nis ; calycis valvuHs oni- | ternate : valves of tile
nibus aristatis, cxlinia | calyx all awncd, exterior
longissinia. Sp. pi. 1. | awn very long.
p. 340. I

Mich. 1. p. 47.
Jtont perennial. Stem procumbent, crcepinor, sometimes ascending:,
sli^litly c<»mpresscd, hairy, particularly at the joints. Leaven ovate-
lanceolate, acute, scabrous, undulate, sprinkled with short hairs, the
base almost contracteil to a petiole, which afterwards dilates into a
pheath shorter than the joints, A\ith tlie mary:in and tliroat hairy.
Spik'ps compound, remote, composed of spikelets ;>— S flowered, te-
sembling; fascicles. Jinch'n shorty angletl, villous. Calyx I flowered j
awns all purple : that of the accessory \alvc tlic lougesf. Anllurs
white. Kiti^rmas feathered, sanguineous

116

TIIIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

I can find iiothina; in the structure of the flower to autliorise the
expression "calycibus jieminis" in tlie specilic character bjLiHneeus.
I liave therefore omitted it.

Grows in rich, dry, shaded soils.

Flowei 8 August — October. Creeping Panictim,

9. GlBBUM. E.

p. I'aceniis inultifloris,
appressis, spicam terete ni
relerentibiis ; calycis val-
viilis conspicue nervosis,
exteriore l3asi gibba ; flo-
ribus caducis. E.

Racemes many flower-
ed, appressed, resembling
a columnar spike ; valves
of the calyx strongly
nerved, the exterior gib-
bous at base ; flowers
caducous.

Root annual ? Stem ascending and erect, eohnnnar, glabrous ;
lower joints sometimes taking root. Leaves linear-lanceolate, some-
what scabrous, jnibescent, expanding ; sheaths siiorter than the joints,
the lower ones liispid, the upper nearly smooth. Calyx 2 floweied,
hermaphrodite aad neuter; nerves of th»e valves like ribs ; valves
loosely appressed, and like the whole plant, tinged with dark purple.
Corolla^ valves of tlie hermaphrodite flower only half as long as the
calyx ; of the neutral fioiet, a little shorter than the calyx. Jlnthers
white.

Grows in damp and wet soils.

Flowers through the summer. Turple Panicum.

10. MOLLE.

V spicis paniculatis, al-
tei'nis, secundis, patenti-
bus ; spiculi.s approxima-
Xh. ])edicel]atis, secundis,
mulicis. Sp. pi, i. p. 340.

Spikes panicled, alter-
nate, expanding, flower-
ing on one side ; spike-
lets approximate, pedi-
cillate, on one side, awn-
less.

■icli. 1. p. 47.

Root fibrous, perennial, ^^tem erect, 4 — G feet high, columnar, be-
low smooth, towards the summit cloatlied viith soft down, tlie joints
tinged with purple, and pubescent. Leaves 12 — 18 inches long, gla-
brous, channelled, the margins nearly entire; the sheath as long as
the joints, glabrous;, the tin-oat ciliatc, pubescent and purple on tiie
oiit>.ide. t lowers in racemes.'' buds in two rows, 2 — 3 flowered, one
or tvi^o of which are frequently abortive. Rachis triquetrous, very
villous. Cali/x two valved .-^ two flowered, hermaphrodite and male:
valves concave, acute, hairy, the exterior a little longer. Corolla of
the hermaphrodite flower two valved, shorter than the calyx ; of the
male flower one salved, membranous, as long as the calyx. JliUhers

TRIANDRIA DIGYNTA.

117

fivrplc. Sliscmna purple. JSyctarium a two lobeil glanJ, nearly as
iMi'^ as tlio sri'iiii.
Allu'd to thi' i:;»Miii«; Militnn.

(iriMvsiii t!u» vallii's ol i!n» si'a i^ljtuU. on Cliajjl'm's Island parti-
fiilarly. Plant salt aiitl bitti-r.

Kluuor.s August — iH'pieiuljcr. i'o/Y ranicufn.

it. Gymnoc vni'ON. E.

1* ? spicis ]Kiiiiculalis ;
?f|)iciilis l)isciialis, pauri-
tloris : calycis vah is sub-
ivqualil)us. patcmibus,
corolla miilto longiori-
bus. E.

Spikes paniculate ;
spikelcts in two rows,
lew flowered : valves of
the calyx nearly equal,
expanding, nuich longer
tban the corolla.

Hoot rii)n)us, perennial, -^tcm erect, 2 — i feet liiiih, tri(|uetrous ? jjla-
brous. Lpavfn \2 — 14 inclies l<»nu;, cordate, i^iabrous, with tlie margins
finely senuiale ; sheaths as long as t!ie joinls, striate; stipules obso-
lete. J'diiicli' simple ; branches clusteretl, opposite, or alternate.
Flowpvi in two rows, on one side of the branches, in small spikes
3 — 5 tlowered. Cah/.v 3 valved ; valves lanceolate, 3 nerved, sliglit-
ly keeled, nearly of an equal lenii,th: the interior with the point
.slightly inflected. CoruHa 2 valved, not half as long as the calyx t;
the valves equal, cartilau;inous. »>iut/iers iind Stigmas t pur])le. " Ah
the valves of the calyx do Jiot close, the seed as it iriatures becomeK
very conspicuous, as in Scloria.

From )?pc( imens collected near Savannah, by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers August — September.

** Paniculatce.
a. Floribus confertis
race mo sis.

** ffoxvers in panicles,
a. Flowers crowded in
racemes.

12. Gexiculatum. Muhl. Cat.

P. culnio assurgenti,
gcniculato, glabcrrinio ;
paniculis tcrniinalibus, ax-
illaril)us(|ue, dillusis, pa-

Stcm assurgent, geni-
culate, very glabj'ous ;
panicle terminal and ax-
illary, dilFiise and cx-
l)an(ling ; sheaths of tligi
leaves inflated.

tentibus ; vaginis Iblio-
ruin inflalis. E.

p. dichotomiflorum ? Mich. 1. p. 48.- '

P. miliaceum, \N alt. p. 72.

Root annual. Stem 3 — 6 feet hii:;h, sometimes at bxse nearly aH
inch in diamet<;r, very much bent ai;d branching at every joint-

lis

TRIANDRIA DIGYMA.

Lececes 6 — 24 inches Ion?:, 6 — 10 lines wide, hairy and scabrous o-ft
the upper surface, glabrous on the under; sheath shorter than the
joints, nearly smooth, a little hairy at base, very much inflated when
young; stipules bearded. Ponicffis large. C'a/?/.r one flowered ; ae-
cessorv valve very short, and generally acute. Anthers saffron-colour.
Sti^ius purple. J\''ectarieSf SI ovate, compressed, white glands at the
base of tlie germ.

Grows in wet 'oils. In rice fields common.

Flowers August — October. Geniculate Panlmm.

Lars:c Water Panicumt

Stem compressed :
sheaths hairy, ancipitous ;
panicles racemose, pyra-
midal, with the flowers
apprcsscd ; branches fre-
quently divaricate.

13. Anceps. Mich.

P culmo compresso ;
Taginis pilosis, ancipiti-
bus ; parricula racemosa,
pyramidata, floribiis ap-
presssis : ramulls pie-
rum que divaricatis E.

Mich. 1. p. 48.— Pers. 1. p. 84.

Boo^ perennial, f^tem 2 — 4 feet high, erect, geniculate near the
base, branching, much compressed. Leaves 6—18 inclies long. 2 — 3
lines wide, hairy, serrulate ; sheaths longer than the joints ; stipules
membranous. Panicle oblong, frequently turned much to one side,
branches alternate and by pairs, expanding, and divaricate, some of
them occasionally bending down as if broken. Floirers in crowded
racemes. Caly.r 5 valved, 2 flowered, hermaphrodite and neuter;
valves acute, somewhat keeled, proper valves compressed at the joints.
Corolla sliorter than the calyx; valve of the male floret ciliate. ^in-
thers and Stigmas purple.

Varies very much in size and pubescence.

Grows in ditches, and wet soils. Common along roads.

Flowers August — November. Compressed Panicum.

14. HrAKs. E.

P. glabrum ; culmo gra-
cili, decumbente ; pani-
cula racemosa ; valva flo-
ris neutri elongata, con-
cava, liiante. E.

Stem glabrous, slen-
der, decumbent ; pani-
cle racemose ; valves of
the neutral floret long,
concave, gaping.

P. divaricatum ? Mich. 1. p. 50.

-Sn7iuaU Stem 10 — 15 inches high, slender, decumbent : slightly
geniculate. Leaves linear, acute, fringed near the base ; sheath short,
contracted and a little hairy at the throat. Panicle small, with
branches remote, expanding, bearing their flowers in small clus-
tered racemes. Valves of the calyx generally 3 nerved, ovate, acute ;

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

11»

"Ihe intcii(tr valvo the larsrost. Corolla, of t!ie fertile floret 2 valved,

ovate, cartilai^inous, as lar'j:e as the inteiinr valve ot'tlie calyx ; t)t"tlio

sterile floret utie valvo<l, larger than the calvx, acuiiiitiato, nieiubra-

V nous, particularly aloiii^ the margin, concave, f(»rmin;:; with the in-

^terior valve (»t" tlie calyx a neutral fl(tri't, ojhmi at the summit.

This is probably the P. divaricatum of Michaux. The ncitral floret
however is not pedicillate; tin- other diflorences may eahily have arisea
lVoni,«lifTi'reiice of soil and situation. As Linnteus had already eni-
plo\ed this name, 1 have given one which appears more characteristic
of this species.

Cirows in damp pine barrens. Very abundant near Michaux's old
farm, 10 miles from Charleston.

Flowers August — October. Gaping rauicum.

b. Flowers scattered, soU
itarij.

Panicle witli tlie lateral
racemes siin[)le ; leaves
ovatc'-laiiceolatCj hairy at
llie throat

h. Florihus cUffusis so-
litariis.

15. LaTI FOLIUM.

P. paiiicula race mis la-
teralihus simplicihus ; fo-
liis ovato-lanceohUis, cul-
lo pilosis. Sp. pi. 1. p.
350.

"NValt p. 73.
Mich. 1. p. -19.

Hoot perennial. Stem procumbent, about 1 foot high, coluinnar,
pubescent, sometimes branchin;;. Lfuv s almost heart-siiaped, gla-
brous, pale unilerneatli, finely serralati* ; 3 — 4 inc.ies lonjr, 1 — IJ
wide, end)racin? the stem : sheath hairy, at tl>e throat, base, and ahmg
tiie margins bearded. Caly^: -Z flowered, hermaphrodite and ncwter,
pubescent ; flowers large. ( orolla, valves of tlie heriiiaphroUite flow-
er as large as the calyx, of the neuter smaller, jlntliers and titi^w
purple.

(jrows in dry, rich soils, preferring shade.

Flowers through the summer. Broad-leaved Panieunu

i6. Scoparil'm. La Marck.

P. culmo, va2;inisque
villosissimis ; foliis supra
glabris ; panicula pauci-
flora ; floribus obovatis
majuscuhs. JK.

Stem and sheaths very
villous ; leaves glabrous
upper surface ;
few Howe red ;
obovate, \ciy

on the
l)anicle
ilowers
lari:;e.

120

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Hoot perennial. Stem erect, about 2 feet high, sometimes brandl-
ing, columnar, almost hispid. Leaves 3 — G inches long, 1 — U inches
wWe serrulate, slightly waved, pubescent and soft underneath, gla-
brous, tiiough aometimes sprinkled with hair on the upper surface.
ytowers larger than in any other of our species. Calyx 2 tlowei-ed,
hermaphrodHe and neuter, pubescent ; accessory valve ovate, acute,
small ; proper valves obovate. Corolla, valve of the neutral Horet
one half as large as those of the hermaphrodite. .Unthers and Stig-
mas dark purple. J\*ectaries, two glands at one side of the germ,
obovate, unequally two cleft at the summit.

Grows in shaded places. Somewhat rare. From the P. viscidum
it ditfers, by its flowers twice as large, by its leaves glabrous on
the upper surface, by its stem not viscid, nor marked by the ring
\vhich characterises the other species.

Flowers April — May, perhaps through the summer.

Larsce seeded Paniciim.

17. Pauciflorum. E.
P. panicLila patente
pauciflora ; floribus ina-
jusculis ; foliis angusto-
laiiceolatis, basi ciliatis ;
vaginis pilosis. E.

Panicle expanding, few
flowered ; flowers

large

leaves narrow-

lanceolate, ciliate at base ;
sheatlis hairy.

Boo« perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, erect, slightly genicu-
late, and disposed to branch at every joint, a little roughened. Leaves
3 4 inches long, S — 4 lines wide, lanceolate, very acute, very gla-
brous on tlie upper surface, a little roughened on the under, fringed
with long hairs, particularly near the base ; sheaths shorter than the
joints, hairy, with the throat bearded. Fanicle small. Flowers sol-
itary, racemose, oval, slightly pubescent 5 accessory valve very small.
Anthers ? and iitigmas dark purple.

Grows in close damp soils. In Georgia, not very rare. Resem-
bles P. Scoparium in fruit, and P. villosum somewhat in habit ;
much more glabrous than either.

Flowero May. Few-flowered Panicum.

48. VlRGATUM.

P. culmo foliisque gla-
berrimis ; panicula diffu-
sa, maxima ; glumis acu-
Eiinatis, Isevibus. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 352.

Mich. 1. p. 48.

Clayton, p, 12, No. 578 and 606,

Stem and leaves very
glabrous; panicle diffuse,
very large ; glumes acu-
minate, smooth.

TRlVNnniV DIOTNTA.

124

Itont porcnniail. fitnn 4 — G feet hi^li, oroct, columnar. Lcave9
^ — - fei't Ion:;, \ incli \\iilo,slif;Iitlv channelled, sometime^ hrejinlar-
ly serrulate: slieatli shuiter than ll>e joints; stipules iViriiied. I'atii-
flf |>\iaiuiilal, (he central branches frequently verticillatc. Cah/.x- i
tlowered, herniaphriKlite and male; accessory valve one third shorter
tlian the otiiers, acuminate, nearly awned; the others concave, acun»i-
nate. Corolla, valve of tlie male lloret lanceolate, ai lon;^ as the ca-
lyx, thitlieys purj)le. •S^j^'Hias- white ?

Grow s aloni;: th.e margins of the salt wafer. Very common on the
fica shore, but not altou;ether confined to saline soils.

Flowers August — September, • Hea-ahore ranicum-.

m. Am AHUM. E.

P. ^laboiriiiuiiii ; foliis
crassl.s.i;lauci8(iuc ; pani
cula appressa ;
acuiniiiatis. E.

gill mis

riant very ,s:la])roiis ;
leaves tliick, glaucoiis ;
puiiiclcappressed; glumes
acuminate.

Root perennial ? Stem Q. — 3 feet l)i;rli» columnar, thick, nearly an
half inch in diameter. Leanes nearly ilat, almost coriaceous, the
margins very entire; sheaths s'lorter tlian the joints, tin^^ed with \el-
low; the throat contracted, purple ; stipules villous. Panicle lan'-e,
branches all ajjpressed. Flntrers very laru;c. Peduncles^ which in
every other species are very scabrous, and ^^enerallv hairy, are j;la-
brou* and nearly smootli. Cabj.v '■Z flowered, hermapiirodite an<l
male: valves glabrous and tinned with purple Corolla, valve of the
male lloret as lar;;c as those of the hermaphrodite. *9nthers orans;e-
coloured. Sfi^'inas purple. JS''ectaries 2, ovate at the base of tiie
germ.

Cirows amnn.; the sand hills on tlie sea shore. Loaves excessively
bitter. Waltei-, in his V. coloratum, seems to have confused this witli

tiie prcccdin;; species. They appear to nie very distinct.
Flowers October. Bitter Pi

anici'.m.

20. SCABRIUSCITLUM.

P. culnu) crecto, ma-
jusculo. ibliisquc subtus
scabriusculis ; panicula
niajuscula, pyramidafa,
patcnte ; floribus ovatis,
aculis, glal)ris. E.

E.

Stem erect, lar2:e, and
with the under surface of
the leaves scabrous ; pan-
icle large, pyramidal, ex-
pandin.j;; ilowers ovate,
acute, glabrous.

Root 2 — 3 feet hi};b, terete, slij^htly pubescent and scal)rous. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, 3 — 6 inches loni^, acute, ulabrotis on the upper sur-
face, pubescent and a little scabrous oii the under, sharply serrulate;
sheaths Ion;;, but shorter than the joints, striate, pubescent, sli^^htly

122

TRIANDRTA DIGYNIA.

scabrous, contracted and hairy at the throat. Panicle large, 8—10
inclies long, diffused, the branches glabrous. Flowers of a middling
size, glabrous.

In habit resembles P. virtratiim, but every way smaller : differs also
in its pubescent stem and leaves.

Sent to me from Savannah by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers llough'Stemmcd Panicum.

Stem erect, glabrous ;
leaves lanceolate, very

acute, nerved,
cordate, the
sheath ciliate
diiTLised

slightly
base and
; paiiicle

flowers large.

SI. Neryostiw. Muhl.

P. ciilmo erecto, gla-
bro ; foliis lanceolatis,
acutissiniis, nervosis, siib-
cordatis, basi vaginaque
ciliatis ; panicula diffusa ;
floribus majusculis. E.

p. brevifolium } "Walt. p. 73.

Perennial. Stem about 2 feet hipjh, terete, glabrous. Leaves lan-
ceolate, 3 — 5 inches lout:;, scabrous on the upper surface and margins,
glabrous underneath, friiiged at the base and along the margins of tlie
slieath ; stipules obsolete : nerves of the leaves more conspicuous than
usual iu this genus. Panicle diffu-cd. Floicers on slender pedun-
cles, pubescent, rather large. Jl fliers and ■Stigmas dark purple.

This species has some resemblance to P. latifolium, but is taller: its
leaves are narrowei- and less cordate ; its panicle larger, while the
flowers are smaller, and do not form such reg^xlar racemes on the
lower branches.

Grows in dry, shaded soils.

Flowers May — July. JS^erved-leaf Panicum.

glabrous ;

22. MULTIFLORTJM. E.

P. culmo erecto, sim-
plici, glabro ; foliis lato-
lanceolatis, basi pilosis ;
panicula ramosissinia, pa-
tente ; floribus parvulis,
pubescentibus. E.

Perennial. Stem 2 — 9,S feet high, terete, glabrous. Leaves 4 — 6
inches long, 1 wide, glabrous, smooth, witb the edges scabrous, and
slightly undulate ; hairy and ciliate at the base ; sheaths slightly pu-
bescent ; stipule obsolefe. Floivers in a long panicle, much divided,
small, (about the size of those of P. bavbulatum), pubescent, oval, .^c-
ces^Dry valve o( the calyx xery minute. Jinthers and <SY/^j»fls dark
purple.

Grows in shaded, dry soils.

Flowers May — July. Many-jioivered Panicum,

erect, simple,
leaves broad,
lanceolate, hairy at base ;
panicle much branched,
expanding; flowers small,
pubescent.

TUIANUItIA DIGVNIA.

123

23. OVAT.K.

1\ puf)rsc(Mis ; panicu-
lii dilViisa : jlorilius obloii-
gis.ovalibus, pilosis; loliis
ovato-lanceulatis, subcoi-
datis.

ruhcscciit ; panicle
(lilUiscd ; flowers oblong,
oval, bairy ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate,
date.

slightly cor

Siem I — '2 feet hinli, Icrote. Leaves 3 — i inclios lun*^ 4 — 6 li.iPS
v.ide, liairv at base, ami nunc cortlate than iis;ual in ^rasst'S ; sl'emi
sluirter llian t!io joints, except the upper oiii:s, whjch arc sonu'tiiiifS
crowded, coiitiacled at the throat, rttnide many llovvered. Flmcrrs
vheu youn;; elliptic. Jiccessory valves oi tiie culijx about one third
thi- lenu,ll» of the real valves.

This species is distinjuislied amont^ my specimens by the fi.;urc of
it.-* flowers. It varies much in pubescence ; some specimciis being
villous in every part, a)id others almost jjlabruus; the calyx is always
liaii'v.

(irow s in f'aroliaa and Georgia. Sent from St. Mary's, Georgia,
by Dr. lialdwin. ,

Flowers Oval-Jloweved ranicitm.

Puhcscrnt ; panicle
difTuscd, somewhat capil-
laiy : Howers oval, small ;
leaves nar'"0W lanceo-
late; sheaths villous at
the tln-nat.

24. LXNI'GINOSUM.

P. pubescens; panicii-
la ditlusa, subcapillari :
Moribus ovalil)us, parvu-
lis ; loliis ansjusto-lance-
olatis ; vaginis collo vil-
losis. E.

I'orenr.ial. Stem 1 — -2 feet hinh, pubescent, imary. Leareft Inicar
or narrow-lanceolate, acute, cloathed with short down : slieutlis sluntei'
than the joints, very hairy or w(»olly at and near tiic throat. Faniclc
exjMimlini;. Flowers small, obovate, nearly round.

'J'his ib an intermediate species between P.visciduni and P. stri-
S^osum, smaller than the former, and every way larger thaii the lat-
ter. The peduncles, which are hairy in the I*. strii;;osum, are smooth
ID this species, its flowers are 8car*;ely lialf as larj;e a> those ot the P.
villosum, to which it has in habit some resemblance, ami smaller than
those of the P. multiltorum.

Grow* in Georgia. Sent to me by Dr. Baldwin.

lyuuUij-jaiuled Pnnicnm.

VlS( IJ)T M. E.

P. pubcntissimum, ran-
escen?, viscidum \ culnio

Wliolc plant very
downy, hoarv, glutinous ;.

13*

TRlANDRlA DIGINIA.

infra

nodos

annulalim

glabro.

E.

Mich.

l.p. 49.

the stem Ijeneatli each
joint marked with a
smooth ring.

Root perennial. Stem erect and decumbent, 2 — 4 feet high, branch-
ing, viscid, paiticularly near the joints, just below each joint a rin^
a'.oiit 2 lines wide, appears smootli, though it is not entirely so. Leaves
3 — 6 inches long. 1 — 1+ inch wide, a little cordate, very soft, fringed j
sometimes unduhite; sheaths v scid. Panicle expanding. Flow-
ers rather distant, obovate, of a middling size. Calyx "2 flowered,
hermaphrodite and neuter, pubescent. Corolla, valve of the neutral
flower very smal. Auihem and Stigmas purple.

Grows in damp, close soils. Stem sometimes perennial.

Flowers June. Viscid Panicum-.

26, DiCHOTOMUM.

P. procumbens ; pani-
cida Kimpjid ; cidmo sii-
perne dicliotomo ; ramu-
lis fascicidatis. E.

Procnrabent ; panicle
simple ; stem dichoto-
moiis above ; brandies'
fasciculate.

Sp. pi. l.p. 346.

( lay ton, p. 12. No. 458.

Root perf'nnial. Stem somewhat perennial, 2 feet high, geniculate,
columnar, hairy, below simple, much blanched towards the summit.
Leaves 1 — 3 incises long, 2 — 4 lines wide, finely serrulate, flat, cloath-
ed wit', soft dovvn, und hairy ; sheath short and hairy ; stipules beard#r
ed. Ptuiicles suiSiW. Tlorvcr s smaW. C«/^ar 2 flowered, hermaphro-
dite and neuter. Jinthers and Stigmas purple.

In -shaded places tliis plant is almost glabrous; in pastures and
exposed situations very pubescent.

Grows in pastures and woods. Common.

Flowers June — October. - JIany-brtinched Panicum*

27. Vll-LOSUM. E*

p. villosum ; culmo e-
recto, subramoso ; pani-
Cciia paucifioia ; florii)Us
obovatis ; foliis erectis,
plajiis, rii>;idis.

Whole plant villous ;
stem erect, a little branch-
ed ; panicle few flowered ;
flowers obovate ; leaves
erect, fiat, iiii;id.

Root perennial. Stem erect, 1 — 2 feet high, slightly geniculatey
very villous^ at the jonts. Leaves 3 — 5 inches long, 3—4 lines wide
flat, erect, finely ,scrrulate, hairy ; sheaths shorter than the jf)int3;

TRIANDRIA niCYNIV.

iS5

sfipulcs beardod. Cnlijx 1 llt)\vi':e(l ; ^cln">(''* rallier ohovato. »•?«-
titers and Stiixmns dark purple. A't'ctaria '2, turbinate. 2 ck-ft at tiie
sutniuit.

Near P. dirlintomuiu. Difters in lial>it and the pf-riod of flnworins: ;
the inar::;in of t' »' leavrs somewhat reflexi-d, and tlie whole pluiit
cloatlipd with soft, white hair.

Grftws ill damp place-^. Flourislics through the winter.

Flowers April — May. I'illnus ranicum.

28. Spii.t:roc \RroN.

P. folii-; lineaii-laiicoo-
latis, luutissiinis, hasi va-
,a;inisquc ciliatis ; panicu-
la patentc ; fiorihiis par-
viilis suhrotundis, puljcs-
centihus. E.

Leaves linear-lanceo-
late, vci-y :ieui< , with tlie
hase atul sluuiili ciliate ;
pmicle expanding;: ttt-w-
ers small, nearly round,
pubescent.

Perennial Stem \ 2 18 inches high, terete, ^labro.iS. Leaven n^^av-
Iv lanceolate, very acute, sometimes ac min:ite, i>;labrou«;. a litt'i»
hcabrous on the upper surface, (Vinued at the ba^evith longhair;
the lower sheaths much lons^er tiian t'le joints, s(»'.netim.'S villr^us at
bar^e Panicle expanding, many ilowered. Calif.v slightly pubescent.
Corolla nearly 2;lobular. Stigmaa pale purple.

From tiie P. pubescens, to whicli tliis plant has great rescm. dance,
it difters in its leaves, which are coarser, more ri;;ul, less delicately
nerved, and mucli less hairy. Its flowers too are smaller, and more
spherical. Both are remarkable for their pale dehcate ^'reen colour.

Grows in (ieorgia. Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers April. Ruund-seeded Panicum»

S9. PuBKSCRNS. La Marck.

P. eulnio erecto decuni-
benleque. glahcrri no; fo-
liis, vaginis, tloribusqiic
pilosis; patiicula gracili
j)atente. E.

P. pubescens ? Mich. I. p. 40.

Root perennial. Stem C — 18 indies hi'zh, rarely branched
2 — .5 inclies Ion-:;, 5 — 5 lines wide, pale iireen. Hat, ciliate. I.
almost villous ; sheath shorter tl;an tlie joints: sti]»ules i)earded. Ta
///.r C Ilowered. hermap!irodiie and nruter : ::lnmes obovare. Corolla^
glumes of tin* hermaphrodite dower, a little shorter than ti e calyx: of
the neutral floret, twice as shoit. Jlnthcrs and 'lii^jmcs dark purple.

Grows in damp, sha«led places, flourishing tlMouj;!! the wioter.

Vlowers Marcii — April. Ifairif-leavcd I*anii'iim.

Stem erect an'l decum-
bent, very glal»ri)U=! ;
leaves. slicatbs, and Mow-
ers hairy : jianicle slen-
der, ex[)anding.

Letiiys
airs so It,

135

TRIANDRIV DIGYNIA,

30. Strigosum. Miilil.

P. paniculii capillari,
pateiite ; pedunciilis stiic-
tis. pilosis ; calycibus a

c'jtis, ]?evibus ; foliorum

Panicle capillary, ex*
paneling ; pcdLinclcs strict,
hairy ; calyx acute,
smooth ; slieatlis of the
leaves very hirsute.

Mich r 1. p. 47.

vaginis hirsutissimis.

p. capillare, Walt. p. 72.

Root perennial. Stem about a foot high, assurgent anif erect, somc-
time? branched, villous. Leaves 2 — 4 inches long, 3 — 4 lines wide,
sometimes acuminate, flat, ciliate and villous; sheaths as long as the
joints, sometimes longer. Panicle, for the size of the plant, very
large, much branched." F/orwrs small. Calyje 2 flowered, h.ermaphro-
dlte and neuter ; glumes obovate, nearly glabrous. Corolla, \a\\e of
the neutral floret very small. Anthers dark purple. Stig-mas pale
purple ? J\''ectc'.ries 2, obcordate, longer than the germ.

From the P. pubesccns, it diiicrs in its leaves, which are wider for
their length, more soft and villous: in its panicle, \^hich is much
more divided : in its flowers, which are smaller and more numerous.

Grows in damp soilsj flourishing through the winter.

Flowers April. Huiri/ -stalked Fanicum.

31. CiLiATUsr. E.

P. culmo decumbente; I Stem decumbent ;
foliis vaginisque glabris, leaves and slieath gla-
pulchre ciliutis ; panicula brous, and finely ciliate ;
pauciflora, patente. E. panicle few flowered, ex-
panding.

Root perennial. Stem 4 — 10 inches high, terete, smooth. Leaves
I — 2 inches long, 4 — 6 lines w ide, pale green : sheaths as long as the
joints ; stipules merely a lacerated margin. Calyx 2 flowered, iier-
maphrodite and neuter ; accessory valve ovate, acute, more than half
the length of the proper valves, glabrous ; proper valves obovate, }iu-
bescent. Corolla, valve of the neuter floret small. JS/^ectaries 2, ob-
cordate, half the length of the germ. Anthers and stigmas dark pur- .
pie.

Grows in damp soils, flourishing through the winter.

Flowers March — April. Fringed Fanicum,

33. En«i FOLIUM. Bald.

P. parvulum, glabrum ;
foliis ovato-lanceolatis a-
culissimis. patentibus 3

Plant small, glabrous ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate,
very acute, expanding:

TRIANDRTA DTr.YNIA.

127

paiiiciila ])arvii1a, ])auci-
ilora ; floriluis siihovalis,
puljcscciuibus. E.

panicle small, few flower-
ed : flowers somewliat
ovate, pubescent.

IVrcnnial. Stem slender, 12 — 18 inches hi2;I>. naketl near tho sum-
mit, hutvi'f: ovatu-lanceolate, taperinj^f to an acite point, ^lal)roiis ;
>'>eaf!is short, jr'jibrons. I'anh'le very small. Flotcers small, ovate or
oval, slij^htly pubescent.

This seems to ne an intornicdiatc species between P.ciliatum, and
P. nitiilum.

(jh.ws in damp soils, flourishin«5 through the winter. Georgia. Dr.
Balwiii.

Flowers April — May. Sivord-lecvcd Panicum,

33. Barbflatum. Mich.

Panicle compound, ex-
pandiuG^ ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, sliiijiitly acu-
minate, soincwhat diva-
ricate ; joints ol' tlic stem
bearded.

P. panicula composita,
patcntc ; foiiis ovato-lan-
ceolatis, paulo aeuniina-
tis, subdivaricatis ; culmi
nodis barbatis. E.

Mich. 1. p. 49,

Rnot perennial. Stem slender. 2;cncrally erect, sometimes genicu-
late, branching near the base, glabrous except at the joints. Leaves
•> — I inches lon'z, glabrous, not channelled, (Vcquently undulate, hori-
zontal or divaricate, at base, contracted, almost cordate ; sheath ;;Ia-
brous, with the exterior n)ar;:in and throat ciliate. Flmcers small.
Calif.v 2 flowered, hermaphrodite and neuter, puliescent. Corolla^
of the hermaphrodite flower as large as the calyx ; of the neuter, I
\alved, small, .'hitftpr^ u.ni\ sti::;mas \n\r])\e.

Vaiies. Stem entirely glabrous, and but half the si/.c of the plant
described; a very distinct variety yet "es(Mnl)!ing the Rarbiilatuin
perfectly in habit, structure of t!ie panicl'\ and si/.e of the Iliu\er. This
varietv appears to be the P. hetLroj)h\ Hum, Schr. — laxiflorum, La
Marck.

Glows ill damp soils, around pine barren ponds. Along the dams of
1 Ice iields.

Flowers April — June, perhaps later. Bearded Panicum,

34. jMicrocarpox. Mulil.

P. panicula capillar!, I Panicle capillary, nnirh
lamosissiTTia. patcntc ; flo- I divided, expanding j flow.

198

TRIANDRTA DICYNIA,

ribus ovaliinis, minutis,
glai'iis ; Ibliis lineari-lan-
ceolaris, ^laheniinis. E.

ers oval, minute, gla-
l>rcus; leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, very glabrous

stem erect, terete, jilabrous, villous at the joints, with large leaves
t'. t':e base of the panicle. Lmvps 4 inciies long, 4 — 5 lines wide,
fioeiv serrulate, very acute, generally reflexe<i ; sheatlis shorter than
t'i\e joints, a little hairy at tl;e tl.roat. Caly.v tinned with purple;
accessoiv valve minute, acute. FIowpv^ oblona:. jilahrous.

Fr ni the P. nitidum, thi:^ species dift'eis by its flowers, which are
lar.'er, ulabrous. and oblonu: : froin P. barbulatuni, which it strongly
reseinijies. it differs by its larger panicles and leaves, its glabrou**
floaer-;. and a more leafy stem.

Fioweis imiall-jlowered Pamcum^

35. NiTTiH M ? La Marck.

P. ciii!i)o gracili, sub.
ramoso, I'Jabio ; Ibliis li-
neari-lanceolatis ; pani-
cula rarno^issinia, capilla
ri ; floribus obovatis, mi-
nutis. E.

Stem slender, sparing-
ly branchicd, glalorous ;
leaves linear-lanceolate ;
panicle very much divid-
ed, cupiiLiry ; flowers o-
bovate, minute.

liimt perennial. Stem erect, branching; near the base, nearly naked
at t'e suniniit, terete, ivlaiTroiis. Leaves xery acute, sharply serru-
late, a little 'Scabrous, expanding, sometimes reflexed : sheaths shorter
than the joints, open, hairy at tl,c throat. Panicle diffused, each
branch much divided Irom its b;)se. Flowers slightly obovate. nearly
spherical, pubescent, very sinail and numerons. Ccihj.x purple, the
accessory valve very minute, ^iidhers diwd Stigmas dark purple.

i-esenibles P. Oarl.Milatum in habit, but the flowers are smaller, more
numerous, and the joints destitute of a beard.

iirows in close, damp soils.

Flowers April — May. Smallest-jloivcred Panicuij[.

36. IVIeltcarium. IVIicli.

P. caule del)ili ; foliis
ana;ustis ; panicula con-
trarta ; glumis membra-
naceis, lanceolatis. subse-
qnalibus ; rudimeiito flos-
culi stipitato. Pers. 1.
p. 84.

Mich. l.p. 50.

Stem weak ; leaves
narrow ; panicle contract-
ed; e;lunKs membranous,
lanccidate, nearly equal ;
rudiments of a floret on
a short tbotsalk.

TniANnniA dtcyxia.

4Si

Very glabrous. leaves lontj. Panicle slender, lono;, vith few
braiiclu'S : a rudiiiietit oT a neutral llorct fioni the base of tlie lier-
Maplir ilite tlowor. Mich.

Aiiioiiy; (he nianv specimens of Panicmn which have passed under
«i>y inspection. 1 have not been able certainly tu dihtinguibli this bp»»
rics. 1 insert it froni >*icl'anx.

Cirowd in Carolina kiuI Geor;iia. Mich.

Stem weak, decumbent,
l)rancl)ing;, and with the
leaves glabrous ; panicle
difluse, blender ; pedicels
appressed, generally two
flowered; calyx muiicate.

37. DnniLE. E.

V. cuhuo debili, decum-
bente, ramose, Ibliisque
glabris ; panicula giacili,
diffusa ; pedicellis appres-
sis, pleruniquc hifloris ;
ealycibus muricaiis. E.

P. rauiulosum ? Mich. 1. p. 50.

Jioot perennial. Stem 2 — 1 feet long, geniculate. Leaves 6 — 8
inches long, slightly channelled, serrulate ; sheaths shorter than the
joints, contracted and hairy at tlie throat, fringed along tl;e margin ;
♦itipules very short, ciliate and lanceolate. Valves of the calyx lance*
olate, glat'rous, roughened with small tubercles.

Grows in damp, rich, shaded soils. Generally decumbent, reclining
on othei plants, with long, diffused, straggling panicles. In open
ground, it is sometimes found erect, with an expaniling panicle of
moderate size ; but its slender habit, two llowcrcd peduncles, ami
roujjh calyx always distinguish it.

Flowers August — October. Weak-stemmed Pauicum,

38. AxcrsTirOLU M. E.

P. panicula pauciflora,
patent e ; tbliis sparsis, 11-
nean-lanccolatis, subtus
glabris. parce ciliatis. E.

Panicle few flowered,
expanding;; leaves scat-
tered, liFie*(ir-lanceolate,
,i2;laI)rous underneath, spa-
ringly ciliate.

Stem 1 — 3 feet high, slender, glabrous. Leaves 4—8 inches long,
almost linear, fringed witii Ion:; hair near the base, the upper surface
slisihtlv r(»u'j;hened : sheath shorter thaA the joints, a little hairy.
Ptinicle small. Flowers solitary, racemose, pubescent, sli«;,litly obo«
vale.

1 insert tliis w ith some hesitation, vet I know not where to refer
it. Its fruit resembles P. pubescetis, but its straggling habit and linear
Jea^es separate it widely from that bi>eci<:s.

Grows in shadetl, dry soils.

'Flowers May ? ^"anow-Uaved Panicuui.

4S0

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Cat.

Stem assurgent, fragile;
panicle diffuse ; flowers
small, solitary, on very
long peduncles.

S9. DlVERGENS. Mulil.

P. culmo assurgente,
fra2;ili ; panicula diffusa ;
florihus parvulis, solita-
riis, longissime peduacu-
latis. E.

Itoot perennial. Stem abqiit a foot high, somewhat geniculate and(
branchwl, very brittle. Leaven subulate, "2 — 4 inches long, glabrous
on the under surface, scabrous on the upper, serrulate : sheaths gla-
brous, longer than the joints ; stipules membranaceous. FednncLes
setaceous, frequently 3 — 4 inches long, supporting a single flower,
sometimes witli one or two branches, tinj,ecl with purple, scabrous.
Caly.v one flowered ; accessory valve subulate ; proper valves lance-
olate, slightly ciliate. Corolla a little shorter than the calyx. Jin-
thers nearly white. Stigmas purple.

Grows in very dry, sandy soils, rare. About Beaufort. Dr. Tres-
cott found it also near Charleston.

Flowers June — August. Long-peduncled Panicum.

In a genus so extensive as the Panicum, and where, as in the last
section, so strong a resemblance prevails in l^&bit and in the structure
of the panicle, it becomes extremely difficult without long culture, ta
fix the limits of each species, and to mark its appropriate character.
A change of soil and exposure, will produce variations in a plant
which may deceive the most cautious observer ; and even in species
really distinct, the eye often perceives diiFerenccs which it is not easy
to express.

I have travelled through this genus with more labour than satis*
faction, although deriving "throuy;h the whole of it, the most friendly
and valuable aid from the specim»ns and notes of Dr. Baldwin.
And while I have postponed very many specimens that perhaps
are real species, I have probably admittecl some tlat are only
varieties. I have been unable to subdivide the last section, and mark
the divisions by good characters, but to students it may facilitate the
knowledge of this genus, to throw into groups the species that are
nearly allied, marking after the manner of Salisbury, (Trans. Lin.
Soc. 6. p. 316', by stops, the degree of affinity. The seventh section
includes those that are independent species, and have no close con-
nexion with each other, or with the preceding sections.

1. Lati folium,
Nervosum j

St. Amaru m ;
Virv.atum,
Scabriusculum.

3. Multifforum ;
Ovale,

Lanuginosum j
Jiicrocarpon.

4. Scoparium,
Pauciflorum,
Viscidum,
Dichotomum;

5. Villosum ;
Sphfierocarpon ;
Pubescens,
Strigosum,
Ciliatum,
Eusifoliuin i

Barbulatum^
Nitidum.

Geniculatumlf

Anceps.

Hians.

Debile.

Divergens.

Angustifolium.

TRIANDRIA DIOYNIA.

iBi

It would perhaps not be incorrect to consider with Schreber the
goiuis Paiiicum as iinirormly fiossi'ssinu; a two valved, two Hovvered
calyx; the valves ofilie calyx inif(|ual : one very small ; one of the
ilowers honiiaphrodite, the other masculine or neuter ; the valve of
tin* hermaph'itilite flo\.er cartilaginous ; tlie iuti'rit>r valve of ihe neu-
tral floret generally hn»all and membranous, the exterior resembling;
the calyx.

From the observations in Rees' Cyclopsedia, under the article Pani-
cuin, it appears that t!ie mosteminent Hotaiiists in Europe are adopting
Schreber's view of this <>;eiuis. It may, however, yet be observed,
that tiie valves of tlie fertile floret are invai iably carlila'zinous, almost
horny; that the interior valve of the neutral floret, whether small or
larjre, is thin, membranous and very tlelicate, while the interior or
third valve ol t!ie calyx, (as usually understood), is exactly similar in
substance, texture, colour, nerves, and pubescence to the exterior
valve. In considering the genus as two flowered, we are obliged not
oidy to view the flowers as dissimilar, but the valves of the steiile
iioret as totally uidike each otiier in structure and substance. I have
therefore, in my descriptions, followed the arrangement <d' Linnreus,
considering the calyx as tluee valved, and tlie valve of the sterile
floret as the rudiment of an imperfect flower. Amon<; our species the
P. hians alone appears to corroborate the opinion of Schreber. la
that species, the valve of the neutral floret becomes conspicuously
large, forming a distinct floret wit!> the inner valve of the caljX| bu6
containing not even the rudiment of a stamen.

DIGITAPJA.

Spic^e filiformes, iiniia-
tcriHora?. C(il[j.r . 2-val
vis, uniflorus. valvis iii-
fequalibus. Corulla 2-
valvis, valvis a?qualibus.

1 . S NC.TJINALIS.

T). spicis patcntibus ;
spiculis bifloiis, una scs-
siii : culmo dcciimbcntc.

Spikes filiform, bearing
their flowers on one side,
Califx 2 valved, one flow-
ered, valves unequal. CO'
rolla 2 valved, valves c-
qual.

Spikes expanding; ;
spikclets 2 flowered, ono
sessile ; stem decwnibent,
creeping.

repente. E.

Mich. 1. p. 45.

Panicum sanguinale, Sp. nl. p. 34'^.
Syntherisma prsecox, Walt. p. 76.
Clayton, p. 1*2.
Hoot annual. Slem 1 — 3 feet long, decumbent and assurgenf, gcn»
iculatc, taking root readily at the joints,' terete, smooth. Lecvci

i82

TRIAXDRIA DIGYNIA.

4-T-18 inclieg long;, 3 — 4 lines wide, hairy, a little scabrous, particuTar^
Iv on the upper surface, the margins sometimes undulate, and with
the s'leatis tinged with purple; sheaths shorter than the jotnts, hairy .^
Spikea alternate, opposite and fasciculate ; spikelets in two rows.
Rnchis linear, spikelets alternate, affixed to the midrib. Calyx gla-
brous; exterior valve small, interior twice as large. Corolla, valves
equal to the interior valve of the calyx; all lanceolate. Filaments 3.-
^n*iiers and Stigmas pale purple.

Grows every where on lands not inundated. Well known to plan*
ters under the nanie of crab or crop grass. It is the most troublesome
grass our planters have to encounter in high ground culture, and
though an annual, it is the best grass for hay at present known in our
low country.

Flowers througli the summer. Furpl&JJigitaria, — Crab Gvassr

2. Vjllosa. Walt?

D. culnio decumbente,
dense espspitoso ; folio-
rum vaginis villosissimis ;
spiculis trifl'ji'is ; floiibus
peduDCulatis ; calycis vul-
va exteiiore minima. E.

Stem decumbent, form-
ing tliick tufts ; sheatlis of
tlie leaves very villous ;
spikelets 3 flowered ;
flowers all on footstalks ;
exterior valve of the ca*
lyx ver^ small.

D. scroti na, Mich. 1. p. 46.

Syntiierisina villosa.'* Walt. p. 77,

Root perennial, creeping. Stem 12 — 18 inches long, columnar,
hairv at the joints, geniculate, decumbent, covering with a thick car-
pet the ground it occupies. Leaves linear-lanceolate, thin, and with
the sheatlis very villous. Spiles 2 — 3 inches long. ( aly.v, the ex-
terior valve scarcely one fourth the size of the interior, pubescent,
hairy along the margin.

Grows generally in close soils.

Flowers July — October. Procumbent Ligitariak

3. FlLlPORMlS.

D. culmo erecto ; foliis
subglabris ; spiculis erec-
tis, tri^loris ; floribus ped-
i- ellatis ; calycis vahis
subsequalibus. E.

D. pilosa .? Mich. 1. p. 45.
Syntherisjna serotina .^ Walt.
Faziicum filifurme i Sp. pi. 1.

Stem erect; leaves some-
what glabrous ; spikelets
erect, 3 flowered ; flowers
all on footstalks ; valves
of tJie calyx nearly equal*

p. 7&.
p. 3431

rWlA^DlTlA DTGYNTA.

133

Tloift perennial ? Stem 1 — C feet lii:;li, with the Irarts and snikea
CriHt, cuhniinar. <;l;il)rniis. Lruvi's narrow, laiiceolato, x'lrulati', u,la-
bious on the under surface, a little scahrous and hairv on the iii'per ;
sheaths hairy. Sjiikrs aWernatf, '2 — S inches lon^, filiftM in, spik.-k't*
sometimes '2 flowcrc U pedicels uiie<|nal. Ifnchi>i a little Hexuous.
Cali/.v pubescent. Jliithers purple. .*?//:;'m«s bright |)nrple.

'Ihese two last sprrics have been confused in a manner I cannot ex^
plain: I have therefore deM'ribed them from niv own obserTations, and
retained tlienanie which appeared most appro|)riatr. I sl.all onlv reinark
t!iat thev difT'r much in habit; the 1). lilifonnis is erect even wiien
cletachcd from other plants, D.villosa cree[iin<; and decunbent ; the
erect cprcics has the leave? nearly ^la!)rous, and the valves of the
calyx nearly eipial ; the decumbent is distinguished by its villuua
sheath and une<iual calyx.

(irows very common near the ocean, in poor sandy land, whether
moist or drv.

Flowers September — October. Erect Digitarla.

4. Dactylon.

D .? culino rcpente ;
spicis (liciitatis, palcnlil)iis;
lloribus solitaiiis, culycis
valvis subfo(iualil)us. E.

Stem crecpinji: ; spikes
digitate, expanding, flow-
ers solitary ; valves of
the calyx nearly equal.

Panicnm dactylon, Sp. pi. 1. p. CAZ.
Cynodon dactylon, Pers. 1. p. 35.

Root perennial. Stem prostrate, cre^pin'j;. perennial, terete, gla-
brous, leaves '2 — i inches lon*^, 2 — 3 lines wide, expandinij^, some*
what distichous, finely serrulate, sliv;htly hairy, and scabrous; sheaths
longer than the joints, hair}' ; stipules bearded. <S/?fAv.s p;enerally 4,
sometinies 3, termin I. expandin;^ from a common centre, 2 inches
lon«;. Calif.r, valves lanceolate. s(»nieuhat carinate, the exterior a
little shorter than the int sior. .Antfiers lii^ht: HI i^^ ma ^ duvk purple.
JVectaripg !2, obovate, white, half "lie leni;-th of the ^t'l'in.

We have two varieties of tliis plant, one coarser (perhaps a species)
growing in damp soils, native : the other (U-scrib'-d above, said to be
imported, a tender delicate j^rass. p-r()\vini; over and biridin;^ the mo?t
arid ami loose lands in our crtuutrv, and apparetijly preferred by-
stock of all descriptions to every other j^rass. The cultivation of tliisi
grass on the ])uor and extensive sand hills of our middle country
would probably convert them into sheep walks of «>;reat value: but it
prows in every soil, and no sjrass in close rich land is more formi-
dable to the cultivator ; It must therefore be introduced \\ ith caution,

(trows common in the low country, particularly in loo^e soils.

Flowers through the uulUmer. Bermuda grass.

The plants comprised in this {jenus have usually been referred to
the Panicum, but tiie structure of t'teir flowers is exactly similai" t<j
Ihe Atjrostis, while their habit irt dihtinct from cither.

234

TRIANDRIA Dl GYNIA.

AGROSTIS.

Calyx 2-valvis, iiniflo-
rns. corolla paulo minor.
Stigmata longiiudinaliter
Lisj-'i la.

* Aristafce

i. Ar CHNOIDES. E.

A. paiiicula elongata,
gracili ; calycibus corol-
la vix longioiibus ; pe-
talo exteriore dorso aiis-
tato ; arista prselonga, de-
bil'. E.

Calyx 2 yalved, i flow,
ered, smaller than the
corolla. Stigmas longi-
tudinally hispid.

* Awned.

Panicle long, slender;
calyx scarcely longer
than the corolla ; the ex-
terior petal awned on the
hack; awn very Ion
weak.

05

Boot fibrous, perennial, ^tem erect, 4 — 8 inches high, slender,
glabrous. Li'aves linear, 1 — 2 inches long, slightly scabrous along
tiie margins; sheath as long as the joints ; stipule membranous, lace-
rate ? Panicle lori'j; fur tlie size of the plant, branches capillary ;
va'ves of the calyx equal, lanceolate, acute, the keel serrulate. Ex-
terior valve of the corolla lanceolate, acute, nearly as long as the ca-
lyx, bearing on the bark, above the muldle, an awn 5 or 6 times its
own length, and so weak that it resembles the thread of a spider's
"web; interior valve 0, or merely like a bristle? Filament one?
very short. Jinthevs ^wr^Xe . «^f^/es very short. A'ii^mcs feathered,
Avhite.

From specimens collected near Orangeburgh, by Mr. I- S. Rennett.

Flowers April — Mav. fVeak-airned Jigrostis.

I ould discover but one stamen in each ilower. This species ap-
pears to connect very closely the Agrostis and Trichodium.

2. Tentuflora.

A. paniculai simplicis-
simse, ramis appressis ;
coi'ollis aristatis ; aiistis
flore longioribus. Sp. pi.
1. p. 3(54.

Panicle very simple,
with the branches ap-
pressed ; corolla awned ;
awns longer than the
flowers.

Uont perennial. Stem decumbent, branched, terete, slender,
glabrous, leafy. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, 1 — 2 lines wide, flat, sca-
brous ; slicuths lon.er than the joint ; stipules membranous, lacerate.
Calyx 2 valved, valves unequal, acuminate, compressed, keels sca»

TRIANHRTV DTGYNTA. IS9

bi ous, shorter than fhc corulla. »9u:n of the corolla twice or three timet
a> l»»ii«j; as tlie vulvo.

Viotn spoci'ueiis brought to mc from Greenville, S. C. by Mr.
^Inulins.

Flow ers August— September ?

3. Si: II I TEA.

A. paiiicula laxa. (lifTiisa, | Panicle lax. dififupo, ca-
cap'llacca ; calyd!)us co- [ pillaiy; calyx inudi short-
lolla iDulto hrcviorihus, | er tliaii the coro'la, awn-
aristalLs ; cnrollaj valva | ed : exterior valve of the
cxteiiorc aristata, dcniuin | corolla avviied, by age two
bipartita. E. j paited.

Stipa sericea, Mich. 1. p. 54.
Stipa dift'usa? Walt. p. 78.

Root perennial, forming very large tufts. Stem erect, 2 — 3 feeft
liigh, slender, columnar. Leaves ] — 2 feet long, subulate, involute,
glabrous, glaucous on the the inner surface ; sl'oatlis glabrous ; sti-
pules membranous. Panicle long, expandintr. Peduncles 1 — il im' e»
lonjj, capillary, purple. Caly.vnwicU shorter than the c«»rolla ; valvei
unequal, awncd, sometimes ciliate, purple. Corulla '2 \alv(.'(l: t'< ex-
terior lanceolate, concave, glabrous, ulien olii 3 awneil : tlie latoi al
awns as Ion;: as the valve: the intermediate 3 time>< as lon^. ;.U
straight and closely a|)pressed ; the interi(»r valve a lifth' smaller,
concave, acute, sometimes incised, botii purple. ^lutlier> feat!iered.
Stii^mas brii;iit purple.

The structure of the corolla in this flower is somewhat remarkable.
When young, the exterior valve is entire and simply awned, bv a.e
it extends and at tlse same time splits, so that it ultimately resemble*
an Aristida, witli straight appressed awns. From its 2 valved cor(dIa,
its habit, and striking atrinity to the next species, I have placed it ia
this jjenus.

This, though a coarse and useless grass, is a very beautiful one.
Upon the sea islands it occipics the <iround for many acies, and^ifh
its bright purple llowers, and slender, glossy peduncles, it appear*
%vhen a;;itated by the wind, to cover the earti* witli a silken caipet.

Grows abundantly auion;; the saud ridges near the ocean. • Near
Columbia. Mr. Herbemont.

Flowers September — October. Silky Jigrostis,

4. Tiuenoponns. E.

A. pani« iihi ioni!:a, dif- | Panicle Ions;, diffuse,
fusa, capillacea ; corollje 1 capillary; valves ot the
valvibaL'qualibu5,extcriore | corolla equal, the extcri-

136

TRIANBRIA DIGYNTA.

brevi-aristata ; foliis li- | or with a short awn'^
nearil)iis, plaiiis. E. | leaves linear, fiat.

Perennial ? Stem 2 — 3 feet high, glabrous, columnar. Leaves
8 — 12 inches long, scarcely I line wide, Hat, scabrous : sheath gla-
brous; stipules long, inemi)ranous. Panicle nearly a. foot long, dif-
fused. Peduncles long, capillary, Valves of the cctbf.v a little un-
equal, half as long as the corolla, membranous. E.i'terior valve of
t' e corolla terminated by a short, straight ?.wn ; the interior some-
times i line longer tiian the exterior, excluding the awn.

A coarse rush-like grass, i;;rowing in sandy woods and pastures,
forming detached tufts. If the flower had permitted, I should have
refered the A juncea of Michaux to this species.

Found in Cliathani county. Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin. !Near Charles<i-
ton. I believe it is very common in poor, dry soils.

Flowers September — October. IJair-jjanicled J^ostis^

** Muticce. I

5. Decumbens. Muhl.
A. ciilnio deciimbente ;
panicula pyramidata ; ra-
in iilis horizontaliter pa-
teiitibus, confertifloris,
semiverticillatis ; corolla
diiiiidio breviore.

** Without awns.
Cat.

Stem decumbent ; pan-
icle pyramidal ; branches
semiverticillate, horizon^
tally expanding ; flowei-s
crowded ; corolla half
the length of the calyx.

falyce
E.

Root perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet higli, geniculate, tailing root
at the joints, branching, terete, glabrous. Leaves 3 — 4 inches
l(i!i,j>:, 4 iines wide, flat, a little scabrous, slightly glaucous ; stipules
ovate, membranous, several branches grow from each joint or bud of
the ..auicle, giving it a verticillate appearance. Calyx, vah es acute,
concave, not keeled ; the exterior a little larger. Corolla, about half
as long as the calyx ; valves lanceolate, acute ; the exterior somewhat
larger. Filaments 5. Jnthers and Si Ig^mas white.

Grows around Charleston ; rare, perhaps imported. I should have
referred it to A. dispar, Mich, but its size, and the almost equal valves
of the'corolla forbade.

Flowers May — June. Decumbent Jlgrostis.

6. DispAR. Mich.

A. erecta, majuscida ;
panicula laxa, subverticil-
latiin pyramidata, multi-
flora^ glumse mutic£e val-

Erect, large ; panicle
loose, somewhat verticil-
late and pyramidal, many
flowered j of the unawn-

TRIANDRIA DIOYNIA.

<87

vis extcrioril)us multo
inajoiihus; iiitciiorurn al-
tera iniiiinia. Mich. i.

p. D<3.

ctl spumes the exterior
valve imich the largest;
one of the uiierior very
small.

With this sppcies I am unacquainti'H.
Gn)\\s in the low country of Carolina.
Flowers

Mich*

Panicle loose ; calylJ:
unawnctl, equal ; stem
creeping.

7. Alba.

A. panicula laxa; caly-
cilnis niuticis,{Equalil)us ;
cuhno repente. Sp. pi.
1. J). 371.

Iluut crccpino;, perennial. Stem geniculate and assurgent, t — 2
feet liigii, terete, glabrous. Leaves 2 — j inches long, 1 — 3 lines
wide, a little scabrous : sheaths shorter than the joints ; stipules ovate,
membranous. Panicle expanding ; branches solitary, by pairs, and
verticillate ; riowers somewhat crowded near their summits. Calyx,
valves nearly equal ; the exterior rather longer, acute, compressed,
scabrous, the keel ciliate, wlien flowering expanded. Corolla^ the
exterior valve lanceolate, concave, shorter than the calyx ; the inte-
rior much smaller, Hat, lanceolate. Anthers yellowish. Stigniad
white.

Grows in damp soils. If originally imported, now much diffused.
Flowers May — August. tyfiite-Jlowered A^rostis.

8. JuNCEA ? Mich.

A. foliis linearibus, con-
volutis ; panicula oi)longa,
pyramidata ; ramis ver-
licillatis. E.

Leaves linear, convo-
lute; panicle ohlonf*;, pyi'a-
niidai ; branches verticil-
late.

A. juncea, Mich. 1. p. 51.

Root perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, erect, slender, co'umnar,
glabrous. Leaves 2 — 6 inches long, 1 line wide, glabrous, concave,
convolute when <!ry, a little irlaucoiis on the upper surface, margins
roughened ; sheaths much shorter tiian the joints ; stipules, a membra-
nous margin. J'anicle verticillate ; branches in each whorl about G.
Cahjx purple ; valve lanceolate, acute, ulabrous ; the exterior only
half as long as the interior. Corolla, valves nearly equal, and as long
as the interior valve of tlie calyx. Anthers and 6tigma6 a':av\y ^vhitc,
J\'*ectari€s 2, obovate.

l^g

TRIANDRIA DIGYN1A»

The leaves of tliis plant, and its size, which is uniforiTi, scarcely a^*
cord witii Michaux's description of the A. juncea; but t:'e flowers
asree so exactly that I have adopted his name. I would have pre-
ferred verticitlata, as its branches are more res^ularly verticillate thaa
in anv other jjrass with which I am acquainted.

Grows in dry, sandy, pine barrens. Common.

Flowers May — August.

Rush-like Jgrostis:

9. Clanoestina. Muhl. Cat.

Stem erect ; panicles
appressed, termijial and
axillary ; corolla hairy.

A. cuhno erecto ; pan-
iculis appressis, terniinal-
i'xis axillaribusqiie ; co-
rolla pilosa. E.

Root perennial ? it^m 3 — 4 feet hi;^h, terete, glabrous. ^ Leaves a-
bout 1 foot lon^. 2 — 3 lines wide, scabrous on the upper surface, gla-
brous on the under, the marj;ins sharply serrulate ; sheaths shorter than
the joints, hairy at the throat. The lateral jmnicles scarcely extend
out of their sheaths. Caly.v, valves acute, entire, glabrous, somewliat
keeled, the keels finely seiruiate ; exterior valve not half the length of
the corolla; interior a little lon^!;er t!ian the exterior. Corolla, exte-'
rior valve acute, keeled, the keel serrulate ; tlie interior valve muck
lo'i^er, conv(dute, the point elongate and scabrous; both hairy, ^in--'
i/iprs and Stigmas white.

Grows in dry, sandy soils. Commoii about Beaufort.

Flowers September — October. Secret-fiowering Jgrostis^t

Panicle contracted, im-
awiied ; racemes lateral
erect, alternate.

10. T\Dic\.

A. panicula contracta,
inutica ; raceniis lutrndi-
hus, erectis, alternis.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 375.

Walt. p. 77.
Mich. 1. p. 52.

Root perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, erect, terete, glabrous.
Leaves 12 — 18 inches long, 1 — 2 lines wide, attenuated to a thread,
erect, very glabrous, with the margins finely serrulate, when dry in-
volute: slieaths sliorter than the joints, glabrous. Racemes alternate,
and aggregate. Caly.v 2 valv-, d ; valves unequal, the exteiior larger ;
both lanceolate, acute. Corolla, valves twice as lonj*- as the calyx ;
the exterior valve acute ; the interior rather shorter, emarginate. An-
thers purple. 'tigmas white.

Grows in pastures and about buildings Is supposed to mark ricli
soils. A fine pasture -rass ; too slouder for the scythe.

Flowers July — November, iniHan Jlgrosfis,

Black'Seed grass.

TRIANDRIA DIGYXIi,

439

Panicle contracted, un-
awiK'd ; leaves sul)ulale,
invuiiitc, rigid, expanding.

1 1. VinciNicA.

A. paniiida eontracta.
inulica ; foliis involulo-
siil)ulatis, i'j;iilis. exstanti-
bus. 8[). |)1. 1. p. .Co.

AValt. p. 77,

Jtnot ciceplnsr* jointed, perennial, '^tcm. G— 8 inches lujrVi, assur-
Ijeul, terete, _,la!jrt)us ; t'le lower join's very ^Imrt. Leaven somewhat
ili>lichou«;, about -Z iiuhes lonir, very entire, ^lahrous on the under
surlace, a little scabrou-^ on the upper, and somewhat ;^lauious ;
sheaths loniier than the joints, ciliate at the throat. Panicle com-
pound, anpressed, reseniblini;; a spike. Caly.w tlie exterior valve half
tin; length of the corolla, acute, ciunpressed, keeled : the interior sim-
ilar, and a little lartrer t'lan the corolla. ( nruUa^ valves nearly ecjual,
compressed, but not keeled: the exterior acute, somewhat mucionute;
iiie interior obtuse. Anthers and Stigmaa wliite. Myles short.

Gro\\>, on the sands inundated by salt water.
J^'Jowers August — September. Virginian »]grosti!{^

STIPV.

Cahix 2 valvcd. one
floweied. Corolla short-
er, 2 valvcd. Jlwn fer-
niinal, contorted at base,
deciduous, very long.

Awns naked; calyx as
long as llie seed.

Calf IT 2-valvi?, iinifl(!-
rus. Corolla brevior, il-
vahis. Arista to minalis,
basi contorta, decidua,
lons!;issinia.

1. AVKiNACEA.

S. arlstis nudis; calyei-

bus semen aiquaulibus.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 44' J.

Walt. p. 77.
Clayt. p. 15, No. 6C1.
Stipa barbata, Mich. I. p. 5H.

lloot perennial. Stem tl — .3 feet liifrli, erect, terete, jjlabrous. /v€«iy?>
th«' lower ones 4 — G inches lonp;, the upper 1 — '2, scarcrlv one line
wide. p;labrous underneath, scabrous on t'le upper surface ; nerves
jx'llucid ; shoatJis shorter than the joints; ^tip^lle^ m<Mnl)ranous,en>ar-
ginate. Panicle jJiftusc, few tlowered : branches .5 — 7 inches lonur,
5 — 3 from each bud. Peduncles 1 — 3 inches louij. Valves of the
cahfx nearly e(jua!, memi)ranou(i. concave, acuminate, j;labrous, with-
out nerves, but faintly marke<l with the midril), the point sometime"*
e\tpnded to an awn. Corolla bti[>itatv';lhc stipe cloathcd with a shorts

140

TRIANT)RTA DIGYNIA.

thick, rufons beard ; valves equal, rigid, rufous, a little sliorter than
tlie calyx ; tlie exterior concave, obscurely 3 nerved, terminating in 3
long, spirally contorted awn, scabrous and bearded with short hairs
at the base*5 the interior abruptly acuminate, terminating in a short
awn. Filaments 3, short. Jinthers yellow. Styles short, stigmas
plumose, white. J\'ectaries lanceolate, acute, as long as the styles.
i:eed cylindrical.

Grows in rich, shaded highlands; flourishing through the winter.

Flowers IVlarch — May.

Notwithstanding the awn in this plant is slightly bearded at base^
and the calyx is rather longer than the corolla, I still believe it to be
tlie original species of Clayton.

2. Strict A. LaMarck.

S panicula elongata, |
ariTUstata ; pedunculis aiv
ticiilatis, strictissimis ; a-
ai istis nudis, subflexuosis.
La M.

Panicle long, narrow ;
peduncles jointed, very
straight ; awns naked^
somewhat flexuous*

Enc. Met. 1. p. 153.
This plant nas the aspect of an Andropogon.
Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Fraser.

La Mark,

3. Capilljvris. La Marck.
S. panicula capillacea, I Panicle capillary, spreads
effusa ; calyce corolla | ing ; corolla three times

triplo
nudis.

breviore
LaM.

aristis

as long as the calyx
aA^ns naked.

Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Fraser.

or these two species, inserted from La Marck, I have no correct
knowledge. The last seems to resemble the S. sericea of Mich.
(A-rostis sericea of this work). I have seen in this country no grass
tliat appears to be a real congener of the S. avenacea.

ARISTIDA.

Calyx bivalvis. Corol-
la 2-val\ is; valva interiore
minima, extcriore aristis
tribus terminalibus.

Calyx 2 valved. Co-
rolla two valved ; the in.
terior valve very small,
the exterior with 3 ter-
minal awns.

TRI\N1>RTA DIGYNIA.

141

i, SpiriFORMis. K.

A. fl;»nbiis confrtis.
fiihspiratis : arista intcr-
iiicilia l)asi \ill()sa.

Flowrrs crow led. sonic-
wliat spiked : die middle
uwn villous at l)ase.

Root perennial. Stem 1 — 3 feet high, simple, slij^litlv compressefl.
Leavfn littear, }rlal)roiis. the upper snrtace and nla^^ins scal)i(jus ;
sheaths shiirter tlian tl>e joints, \\ ith the throat i^laljnms. Floirers in
compound racemes, so much a[tpressed as to resemhU* a cvlindriral
spike. fall/A' much shorter tlian the corolhi. sli::htlv compressed,
both valves terminating in awns. Corolla^ exterior valve involute,
terminating: in 5 awns, about as lon<i as the valve; the internie'liate
awn longest, and sli^htlv villous at base; inner valve .'' very short,
membranous. Filaments short. Jlnthers purple. Styles short. Sti"*
7»i^< plumose, purple.

Grows in wet pine barrens.

Flowers September — t)ctober. Spike -floweved Aristida.

All the species of this genus grow in poor, sandy soils, and form
tufts of dry, coarse grass.

Stem setaroou'5, erc^t,
so'iiewhat dicliotomous ;
calvx lon2;er than the co-
rolla; tlic lateral awns
very short, the interme-
diate longer, contorted.

2. DirnoTOMA. Mich.

A. culmis setaceis, erec-
tis. subdichotomis; calycis
valvis corolla lon2;iori-
biis ; aristis latcralil)iis.
brevissimis, intermedia
longiore, contorta. E.

Mich. 1. p. .

Tlnnt perennial, cespitose. Stem 8 — 13 inches hiiih, very slender,
ri^id, columnar, sjlabrou*, branching:;. leaves 2—4 inches lonj,
scarcely exceadine; 1 line in breatith, flat, finelv serrulate ; sheath*
much shorter tlian the joints : sti])ules short, membranous. Flowers
in racemes, irenerally simple : a raceme is frefpientlv produced at every
joint. Valves of the cali/.v lonj^er than the condia, narrow, laiiceo-
lat»*, terminating in short awn-s, particularly the inner valve ; keel
serrulate. Corolla involute, terminating in 3 awns : the 2 lateral ones
short, straiijbt; the intermetliate larger, longer, but not as long as tiie
corolla, contorted and bent h(»rizontally.

This plant is not properly dichotomous; it merely produces a short
branch at everv joint.

Grows in the upper districts of Soutli-Carolina.

Flowers Branchiuz Aristida.

442

TRIANDRTA DIGYNIA*

3. Gracilis. E.

A. culnio 2;racili ; flo-
rihiis spicatis ; spiculis
piucifloiis, subremotis.
appressis : aristis lateral-
ihus brevihits, ei'ectis, i .-
tt'i mexlia longiore, paten-
te. E.

Stem very slender ;
flowers in spikes : spike-
lets few flowered, some-
what remote, appressed ;
the lateral awns short,
ereet, tlie intennediate
longer, expanding.

Perennial ? Stpvi about a foot hyi, very slender, branching near
tie base, and with t' e whole plant jilabrous. Leaves linear, flat, 1 — 4
or 5 inches long, scarcely a line wide, a little scabrous: sheaths
shorter than the joints. '^Flowers in a loni; spike; spikelets 2 — 5
flowered, clo-eiy appressed, n;)t crowded on the spike. Valves of the
cnbjx very acute, a little unequal, about as long as the corolla. Ex-
terior valve of the cvrolla involute, tranvcrsely banded, terminating;
in 3 awns : the two latei al erect, straight, s'lorter than the valve ; the
intermediate longer than the corolla, bent almost horizontally, but not
contorted, hairy at the base; interior valve wanting, or very minute;
keel of the calyx and orolla, and the awn very scabrous, stamens S.
Anthers purple, ^fijinnas white. Sti/les very short.

The corol'a in the plants I have seen, is so curiously banded with
light and dark grey spots not unlike the body and legs of a musquito,
that if I had supposed tlieni invariable, I should have called the species
Jasciata. From the preceding species, it difters by a longer corolla and
awns, and the intermediate awn not contorted ; from the succeeding,
by a much more slender habit, and smaller flowers, and in the awns,
whicii in the A. stiicta, are all longer than the corolla, and expanding.

Grows in the vicinity of Charleston. Common.

Flowers September —October, Slender Jiristida,

4. Strtcta. Mich.

A. panicula erecta, ap-
pressa ; fl(>ril>us racemo-
sis : aristis patentibus, co-
rolla d is plo Fongioribus. E.

?..ich. 1. p. .

A. adscensionis, Walt, p

74.

Panicle erect, appress-
ed ; flowers in racemes j
awns expanding, twice as
long as the corolla.

Hoot perennial, cespitose. Stem 2 — 3 feet liigh, compressed, gla-
brous, branching at base, tiie lower joints very short. Leaves neaily
a foot long, 1—2 lines wide, glabrous, with the margins finely serru-
late ; sheaths longer than the joints ; throat slightly contracted and
ciliate, with short hairs. Panicle long, flowers not cro\\ded
on the branches. Peduncles 1 — 3 lines long, scabrous. One valve
of tlie calyx longer, the fithei shorter t'lan the corolla; both narrow
very acute, keeled ; the keels finely scirulate. Exterior valve of the

TRTANDniA DTGYSlA.

MJI

fontUtt inrolutc, liairy at tho base. Aun$ 8ral)ron<*; th* intermediate
"t>!ic tiie lon_,est, but all twice as \wvx as the C(»rolla : tlie two lateral
ones nearly divaricate. Jiiithers dark purple. Stigmas plumose,
vliite. .SV.r/ olHoni;. .

(irows ill poor, sandy soils Very common.

Flowers September — October. Long-aicncd Aristida*

iH. Lanosa. Mulil. Cat.

A. panicnla crccta, ap- Panicle erect, appress-
piTSsa ; fl()iii)iis raccino- cd ; flowers in racemes;
sis ; calyce corolla li)ii«2;i- calyx longer tlian the co-
orc ; vaginis iblioruni la- rolla; sheaths ol" the leaves
natis. E. woolly.

Root p/crcnnial, cespltosc. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, terete, hairy
"near the base, glabrous towards the summit. Lfuvcs about a foot
loui, 2 — 3 lines wide, nearly ;j;labrous underncatii, tlie upper surface
hairy, and witli the ma'-;;ins scabrous; slieaths longer than t'le joints,
covered with a tomcutum that appears parasitical. Uraiici'ies of tha
panicle w oolly at ba^e. Valves of the cali/v very acute, v labrous, com-
pressed, keel finely serrulate ; the exterior valve much longer than
the corolla ; the interior generally longer, sometimes of the same
length. Corolla '2? valve.d : exterior valve involute, a little hairy
at base ; awns expanding, as long as tlie corolla, the intermediate
somewhat the lonj;est; interior valve very small, ovate. Hat, greenish
^'ectaries 2, ohovatc. JhUhers very long, dark purple. '>Sti"'mas
plumose, dark purple.

In habit very similar to the preceding, from which it differs in
size, being every way larger, in tl-e proportionally longer calvx,
shorter awns, ami t .e woolly do'.vn witli which the greater pa<t oi
t!ie plant is covered.

ANDROPOGOV.

/Vo/r-b' polyj^ami, geni-
inati; altero hennaphro-
(lito, sessili ; altero mas-
culo s. rariiH neutro. ped-
icillato, mutico. Pers.

ffowers j)oly2;amons,
hy pairs ; one hermaph-
rodite, sessile ; the other
n;ale. or more rarely neu-
tral, on an unawned ped-
icel.

• Perhaps all the species of this i;''cn«s harp, if closely examined, a small
Intf nor v;iivc as lou^j as llie germ, whiclt it ass.stn m coYcring.

44*

TBIANDRIA DIGYNFA.

Hi'rm. Calyx, glume
one flowered. Corolla^
g;lunie avvned at base or
at the summit. Sta^
inensS Styles 2. Seed i,
Masc. Calyx and corolla

Herm. Calyx, ^luma,
l-floius. Corolla ^luma
basi vel apice aristata.
Stamina 3. Styli 2. Se-
men \.

Masc. Cal, et Cor.
piioi'is. Stamina 3.

* Species dubice, habi-
tu diver see,

1. ClLIATUS. E.

A. panicula ohlonga, ter-
iijinali ; ramulis glabris ;
fli)ribus geminis; calyci-
bus hirsutis ; corolla cili-
ata, arista coiitoi ta.* E.

Root perennial, ^tem erect, sometimes decumbent, 3 — 4 feet
high, terete, ,i!;labrous, [jubescent at the joints. Leaves 1 — 2 feet long,
5 — 7 lines wide, scabrous somewhat ri^id, a little hairy ; sheaths gen-
erally longer than the joints, glal)rous, contracted, and naked at the
throat : stipules n)enibranous, entire, not hairy. Panicle naked, some-
what expanding, with several branches from each bud. Flowers her-
maphrodite and neuter; to the terminal flower are generally attached
two neutral florets. Pedicels hairy. 6'a/?/.r, the exterior valve lance-
olate, nearly flat, 9 — 11 nerved; the interior a little triquetrous,
equal, 5 nerved; both hairy, fringed and minutely biiid at tiie sum-
mit. Corolla^ valves unequal, smaller than the calyx, ciliate ; the ex-
terior larger, lanceolate, fiat, with the margins ini!exed ; t!ie interior
concave, terminating in a twisted awn twice as long as the calyx.
l<'itame.nfs shorter than the calyx. Anthers yellow. Styles scarcely
as long as the stamens Stigmas feathered, yellowish. 'Seed oblong.

Found in the dry pine barrens on Port Royal.

Flowers September. Fringed Jlndropogon.

like the former. Sta-
mens 3.

^ Species doubtful^ of
distinct habits.

Panicle oblong, termi-
nal ; branches glabrous ;
flowers in paii's ; calyx
hairy; corolla ciliate, with
a contorted awn.

2. NUTVNS.

A. par.icula ramosa,nu-
tante ; floribus geminatis,
aristatis; calycibus hirsu-

Panicle branching, nod-
ding ; flowers by pairs,
avvned, with the calyx

* 1 retrret that I did not arrange the Erianlhiis immediately before this i^enus.
The number of Stamens is too variable amone;' the Andropot^ons to form a p^'enenc
character, and this species too nearly allied to the E. contortus to be separated
from it ; yet wlnle it has the awn and habit of the Erianthus, it is distingiushed
by its neutral florets, ai\d the want of a hairy iiivolucrum.

TUIVNDRIA niGVNIA. 14fi

1is;licrmapbro(Iitoscssili. I liairv ; the hcnnapliro-
m jsculo pcdicc'lluto, ca- I ditt* sessile, the male on
duco. Sj). pi. i. p. i)OG. I 11 podicel, caducous.

A. av«'nacomn ? Midi. 1. p. 53.
Stipa villusa ? Walt. p. 78.

Hoot poriMiiiial. 'Sirm erect, 3 — G feet !iif!;li, terete, c;l.'i'>rous. wiili
tin- lower joints thickened, uml sometimes prodiiciii;^ roots. Leni.cs
I — \I foot Ion::, 3 — 4 lirits wide, scabrous; sheaths Ion>^er than the
lower joints, rontracted at the throat: stipules ineinhraiious. Paul-
rlt' compound, loose, noddio;^. Flotcers ini short peduncles, with two
neutral florets to each lertiie one : pedicels of the nential fl<)ret> a3
lonir as the calyx of the fertile, t!iickened at the sumniit, very hairv.
Caly.i\ valves ei|ual. of a dark brown colour, shinint:, yet iiairv, ob-
tuse, and friiiijed at the summit. ( ornlla membranaceous, nuicli slxnter
tJjan (he calyx, hairy, sli;;htly two cleft ;tlie inner valve the siv.allest,
M ith an awn six limes as k».^ as the calyx, much contorted. Jin-
//Vrs yellow Styles i\\mi. Stl^HUia \i\x\i''. purple.

In tlii.s and the prece'linu; species, tite anther appears to open at or
near the summit, and notalon:^ its whole 1e'i'j,th as usual in the j;i asses.

This plant, by its loobe, diflfusc<l. Moddiii.j panick, diflers wi-'ely
from every other species of this 'j;eiHis, with which 1 ain accjuainted, iri,
the United ^tates.

Grows in arid soils. Very common.

Flowers September — October. ^''odding ^ndropugoiit

3. \-iiJir.irs. Mich.
A ^picis paniruhitis:no- | Spikes panicled ; flow-

rilnis solitariis. rcniotis ; | ers solitary, remote ; the

corolla? valva exteriore | exterior valve of the co-

api'^^-e, interiorc ha.si ari.s- | rolia awned atits suniiuit,

lata. I the interior at its base.

Mich. l.p. 58.

Perennial ? Stem erect, and decumbent, 8 — 20 inches hljj;h, ter-
ete, ijlabrous. with short joints. Lpaces distichous, expanding. <-.ir-
date-la ceolate, glabrous, acute, concave, £ — 3 inches Ion;;, 5 — «■ In es
wide: sheaths lonjrer than the joints, contrarleil and lairy at the
throat. i'fl?JtV/f terminal, ex |tandifi'4. /•/o/rvj-s nearlv sessile, (-alijjc
■l valved, vales linear, nearlv subulate, back scabrous: the exterior
valve the lon^je^t. Vornlla 2 valveil, shorter tlian the calvx, equal ;
the exterior valve lanceolate. 3 nerved, terminated !iy a straij^ht awn
3 tiujo-. iLi* own len;;th : the interior two clefi at tlw summit, witli the
bark impressed by a 8cai)rous awn. lori:;er tlian the calvx, c»nilorte«l
in the middle, hairy near the bott(»;n. Hilamcnts 3, lon<jer than trie
corolla- Styles short. Utigriuts feathered, purple.

Tliis plant will not remain a.nona;the Andropoi^nns when the ::cnus
- accuratoly defined. Hc>«i<Ies its otlier p'.'cullaritiei: it has nu vestige.

146

TKIA^DRIA DTG\NIA.

of a ncufral floret. 1 once intended to insert it as a distinct a;enuS
under tiie name of \lloiatheros, from t'^e dissimilarity of its amis not
only in position, but in fii!.ure. But I have permitted it to remain, as
my kno\vIedii;e of the genus is not sufficiently extensive to divide it
\v\V.\ accuracy, or even satisfaction to myself.

Grov»s in dry soils, particularly pine barrens.

Flowers September. Amhiguous Jlndropo^on,

Spikes clustered ; flow-
ers solitary, with an in-
voluerum ; awn very
lonsc.

4. Ml.T.ANOCAllPTJS.

A. spicis iasciculatis ;
flni'jhus solitariis involu
cratis ; arista longissinia.
E.

Stipa n elanocarpa, Muhl. Cat.

Hoot perennial '^ Stem 1 — 3 feet high, erect columnar, glabrous,
brancning. Lpaves 4 — 12 inches long, 2 — 4 lines wide, scabrois,
sti(!n,;ly marked with the midrib ; sheaths longer than the joints,
contracted and a little hairy at the throat: stipules membranous, la-
cerate. Flmcprs in simple spikes, lateral and terminal, apparently
fasciculate, but probably alternate, on small branches Feduncles 1 — fi
inches long, glabrous. Hpikes many floweredf; the lowest involucp.m,
lori;:cr than the spike, leaf-like, terminatin& in a long awn ; ilorets
on short pedicels, an involucrum attached to each pedicel, leaf-like,
.'5 — 4 times longer than the iioret, the upper one diminishing in size.
Caly.v two leaved, lanceolate, rather obtuse, cartilaginous, tliickly
cl>athed,as well as the stipes, with a sh(M't down, rufous at first,
but ultimately of a very dark purple. Corolla very small, mem-
branous ; fri m the base of one of its valves proceeds an awn twenty
timch as long as the calyx, contracted, spiral and hairy.

M}^ specimens were too imperfect to enable me to examine accu-
rately the corolla, stamens or styles.

From specimens collected by 11. ll.ibcrsham, Esq. in the pine bar-
rens between Fi rt Barrington on the Alatamaha, and Jeli'crson on the
Satilla, Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

*'* Species hahitu con-
formes.

5. ScoPARius. IMicIi.

A. spicis si nip] id bus,
peduntulatis, Gcniiualis,
striate paniculalis ; floii-
bus gcniir,is, her aphro-
tlito sessiii. lanceolaio. ar-

* ^" Species agreeing in
habit.

Spikes simple, on pif^d-
uncles, by pairs, forming
straight panicles ; flowers
i)y pairs, the hermaphro-
dite sessile, lanceolate,

TKIANHUiA ni(;YNIA.

i%7

Istnto ; neiitro pciicillito
aii-^talo ; riu:lii tiliula.
WWUl

awiied ; the i^euter on a
fc.jtslalk, awiicd ; tlic ni-
cliis filiate.

Mich. 1. p. 57.

A. |)ui|)uiasceiis. Sp. pi. 4. p 013.

i/'xj^ perennial. Stem horbacenus, 3 feet liiiili, very glabrous, slight-
ly compressed, furrowed on one side, tinned with purple. Leaves
linear, one lo(»t loni;. a little liairyand scabrous, channelled ; sheaths
hairy, coinjjreissed, contracted at the throat ; stipules membranous, cil-
iate. FlowtTS III long, slender panicles, lateral and terminal. ■''yu'Af.v
solitary, on peduncles 4 inches long; sometimes C or 3 spikes appear
to proceed out of one slieath, but they are really branches each bcar-
iu'i its spike with its appertaining; sheath ; Sheaths convolute, as lonj^
RS the ria!;ed peduncle, scalirons, acute, and mucronate at the summit.
Pedicel ol" the neutral Horet as Ion;;: as the calyx of the fertile, hairy
on two sides, teruiinated by a solitay awiied valve. Calyx of" the
fierm. Jlnwer two valved ; tiie exterior concave, 5 nvrved, sca-
brous, IVequeiitIv two cleft: the interior keeled, acute, the keel ser-
rulate, the margins hairv. Corolla 2 VHlve<l, shorter than the calyx,
purple ; the exterior concave, acute, with the margins hairy ; the in-
terior hairy, two cleft at the summit, awned near the summit with a.
scabrous awn three times its <»wn length. Filaments 3, very short.
Stijles short. 'Stig^mas feathered, purple. Seed oblonir, oval.

The species in this section, excepting perhaps the last, form an ex-
tremely natural familv. 8o much so, that it becomes dif^cult to dis-
criminate the species. They cover poor pasture in the winter with
their coarse, dry, foliage, ami are known by the common name of
briunn ^vass.

Grows in drv, poor soils. Very common.'

Flowers Septemb-.r — October. Purple Jiiidropogon,

G. TKRNxniFS. !Micli.

A. ramis remote altcr-
nis, ti'istachyis ; ^picis
coiijiigatis ; villis involii-
cii glunni bi'cviorihus :
florihus tiiandi'H. Mich.
1. p. .37.

Ijiaiichcs remotely al.
tciiKite, thi'cc spike ! :
sj)ikes conjugate ; hair o!'
tiic involucrum shoitci
tlian the gliiinc ; flo\vei>
tiiandious

Branches solitary, simple: the lower ones sometimes four «])iked
valve of the corolla villous; the iriterior two cleft, producing- from tir
iiicis'ire a lou^ contorted awn. Mich.

Grows ill the mu'U'.tains of Carolina. Midi.

Three -spiled »1ndropopnry

14^

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

7. Argentkus. E.

A. paiiiculiilonga, gra-
ci!i ; lamulis solitariis
gon)inatisque ; spicis con-
jtj>!:atis, vagina longiori-
biis, villis sericeis albis
vcstitis. E.

Panicle long, slender ;
bninches solitary and hy
pairs ; spikes conjugate,
longer than the sheath,
cioathed with white sil-
very hairs.

Mich. 1. p.

Perennial. Stem 3 feet high, branching from the base, very gla-
brous, tinged with purple. Leaves linear, about a foot long, scabrous,
particularly on tlie upper surface ; sheaths longer than the joints,
spotted when young, with red. Flowers in a long panicle, the whole
plant producing ilovvers in fact from every upper joint, as all the spe-
cies do in this section. Peduncles generally 2 Ironi each joint, both
long, but of unequal length, terminated by two conjugate spikes:
sheaths of the iiowers scarcely longer than the peduncle. Fedicels of
the neutral floret, one, at the base of the hermaphrodite flower, very
hairy, with a small valve at the summit, pedicel and hair longer tlian
the fertile flower. Calyx and Corolla hairy along the margins. Sta-
mens 3. Styles 2 Stigmas purple.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers October. White-spiked Andropogom

8. VACINATtTS. E.

A. panicula giracili,
siihappi'essa ; spicis so-
litariis, conjngatis, vagina
breviorihus ;floribusgeni-
inis ; heimaphrodito aris-
tato ; arista recta, sea-
bra. E.

Panicle slender, ap-
pressed ; spikes solitajy,
conjugate, shorter than
the sheaths ; flowei-s by
pairs; the hermaphrodite
awned ; the awn straight^
scabrous.

Perennial. Stem erect, 3 feet high, terete, glabrous. Leaves long,
linear, scabrous on the upper surface; sheaths glabrous. Fanicle
commencing at the middle of the stem ; branches divided, but with a
slieath at each spike. iS'/jiArs short, conjugate, the rachis very slen-
der, hairy. Pedicel of the neutral floret longer than the hermaphro-
dite, very hairy. Valves of the calyx sharply serrulate at the mar-
gins and keel. Jltvn straight, scabrous, three times as long as the
calvx. Stamen 1 }

This species is remarkable, even during the winter, for its large
sheaths, which generally expand after tlic flowers arc mature. This

ilUANDltlA

digytJia.

140

h sonu'tftncs considorod as the A. virti'miru?, but tiu* eTpr«ssion *' flo#
kibiiH inuticis," is Uy no mcHua aitolicabk' lo tliis plant.

firowH in (lanip suits.

Flowers Ortubcr. Lar^e-sheathed ^intlropogom

9. DissiTiFLORus. Micli.

A. paiiiculii j»;racili,
siihupprcssa ; spicis soli-
la riis, conjui»;atis, vaii;inas
R'quarUibiis : lloriUus gem-
ijiis ; herniai)hro'lilo aris-
tato ; arista recta, scabra,
cad Ilea. E.

Panicle slender, np«-
pressed ; spikes solitary,
conjugate, as long as the
sheatlis ; flowers by pairs;
the hei inaphrodite awn-
ed ; Willi the awn straight,
scabrous, caducous.

Midi. 1. p.
A. vir<riiiicu9

? Sp. (-1. 4. p. 91C).

China lateralis, SValt. p.

Perennial. Stem erect, 3 feet high, branching;, witli the branches
ai^prnssed. Leaves Ions;, linear, scabrous ; slieaths contracted and
haii y at the throat, with a lew loiiu; iiairsj scattered alon;; the niarv-ins.
Brnuches of the pauicLe long, slender, apprcssed. Spikef conjir^iitc,
as lonsj as the sheaths, sleniler, hairy. Aicii 3 or 4 times as long as
ll.p calyx, straight. Stamrji 1.

I know not wiiether tliis can be the A. virginicus of liinnreas; it Is
awncd,but tlie awns drop with the slightest touch. It is also not cer-
ta n wlicthcr tliis or the |)receding specieij is the A. di!i>iufloru!* of
Micliaux ; his description applies almost ociually avoU to both. I have
iherefore retained his name to this plant, as t!«.c shealh of the former
^uj'plied both a name and character.

Grows in close soils. The most conimuii of all the iperlcs.

Flowers October. Uleuder -spiked ^indropogon.

% C'jmwon Bronm-drnss.

10. Macrovros. Midi.

A. paniculaglonierata;
^picis conjugatis, lascicu-
laii-, floribus genunatis :
vaginis I'olioruni scabris,
marginibus pilosis. E.

Mich. l.p. 57. Sp. pi. 4. p. 914.
C'iniia <;lomcrata, Walt. p. 59.

Ptrennial. .'?^»'m erect, 3 feet high, Hlichtly compressed. Leaves
'•rig, linear, slightly scabrnn« : sheaths generally more scabrous than

Panicle clustered ;
spikes conjugate, cluster-
ed, tlie llowers in pairs ;
sheaths of the leaves sca-
brous, the mai'gina hairy.

150

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

tlie leaves, varying liov/cver in their roughness ; villous alony; th<»
mar'nns. Flowers in clustered panicles, terminal and lateral, but
•'enerallj near the summit of the stem. Spikes 3 — 5 or more, from
each joint, every spike however provided with a linear sheath about
its own length. Peduncles hairy below the sheath. Pedicel of the
neutral floret longer than the hermaphrodite, hairy. Jtvn straight,
3 or 4 times as long as the calyx, i^tamen 1. Jlnther and iitigmas
yellow.

Varies, (Glaucopsis), vvith leaves very glabrous,gl aucous, and the
peduncles less clustered. Perhaps a distinct species.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers October. Cluster -fiovcered ^ndvopogou.

11. Tetrastachyus.

A. panicula p;racili, e-
recta ; spiels solitariis,
quadrifidis ; floribiis gem-
in atis, hermaprodito aris-
tato ; foliis pilosis. E.

E.

Panicle slender, erect ;
spikes solitary, 4 cleft ;
flowers by pairs, tiie

hermaphrodite
leaves hairv.

awned

Stem erect ; 2 — 3 feet high, glabrous, nearly terete. Leaves long,
linear, channelled, hairy on the inner surface: sheatlis as long as the
joints, very hairy ; stipule a bearded membrane. Panicle slender ap-
pressed ; branches and spikes alternate, somewhat i-emote. Sheaths
of tlie spikes glabrous, as long as the spikes themselves. Spikes gen-
erally 4, as if twice divided, rarely 2. Valves of the calyx serrulate
alodg the margins, surrounded at base with a short hairy involucrum..
*<iit'tt straight, scabrous, -viamen one.

Grows in damp pine barrens, near Charleston.

Flowers October. Four-spiked Andyopogon.

13. FuRCATus. Muhl.

A. spicis digitatis, sub- |
quaternis, terminalibus ; |
floribus geminatis, her- |
maphrodito sessili,arista-
to, masculo mutico, pedi-
cillato ; rachi pilosa. Sp.
pi. 4. p. yiu.

Perennial. Stem, 2 — 3 feet high, glabrous. Leaves linear, the up-
per lines short, somewhat glabrous ; sheaths glabrous. Spikes termi-
nal, 3 or 4, 3 — 4 inches long. Valves of the hermaphrodite flower
sharply serrulate along the angles, equal. Corolla smaller. Jlun
slightly contorted, about 3 times as long as the calyx. Pedicel of the

Spikes digitate, gene-
rally by fours, terminal ;
flowers in pairs, the her-
maphrodite sessile, awn-
ed, the male unawned,
pedicelled ; rachis hairy.

TIUANURIA DTCVMA.

151

male floret afilon; as flip licrmnphrodite tlower, ciliatp. Valves of the-
rn/ '/.r uno(|ual ; tl'.e exteri(»r longest, nuitronat** : bdfli sliarplv sorru-*
late alons: the iramins. Corolla sluutfr than tlie calyx, uaawiied.

Grows ill t'lf mountains ol' Carolina. l)r Macbridc.

Flowers October. J)i;^itut<' Judropngon.

AIIIA.

CaUjT 2-valvi.s, 2-/1 n.
riis. Flosculi ahsquc iii-
iiitcrjccto rudiincnto.

* Ayhtatrp.

Cnlijx S valvrd. 2 flow^
crcd. F/o/T/.f without an
intrrposcd rudiment.

* Jhcued.

1. IVvLi.cNS. Var. aristata. Muhl. Cat.

A. f()iii'< |)lani> ; paiiicu-
la laxa ; suhvort icillata :
cal>cil)iis 2-valvil)us, 3-
jl Mis ; lloro iiilci iore niu-
tico, supcrioribus arista
brevi contoi ta. E.

Leaves Hat ; pauicle dif-
fuse, somewhat verlicil-
latc ; calyx 2 or 3 Aovn er-
cd ; the lower flower \m-
awned ; the upper witii a
sliort twisted awn.

Avena Palustri^. Midi. 1. p. 72.
A. Caroliniana .'^ Walt. p. 81.

7?oof perennial. Stem I — 2 feet liiu;1i, erect, slijihtly geniculate at
base, terete, j^labrous, leaves narrow, a little scabrous finely serru-
late: sheatlis open, «;labrous, shorter than tiie joints ; stipules sliort,
lacerate. ' alyjc-l valved, valves compressed, keeled, verv acute, keels
serrulate, the interior valve a little longer. Corulln 2 valved ; the ex-
terior valve similar to the calyx : the interior only half as lon;j:, obtuse,
■with the back impresseil ; to the back of the exterior valve of the up-
per ilowers, is attached a short contorted awn. Anthers yellowish.
Sli^Muts white.

The structure of the flower of tliis plant appears evidently that of
an Aira; its awn has caused it to be referred to Avena.

(mows in rich wetsoiU — in river swamps commuD.

Flowers March — April.

2. Flexiosa.

A. panicula patcnto.
tii«:hotonia ; pethmculis
il( xuosis ; aiistis genicu-
laiis ; foHis setacois ; cul-
ino suhrmdo. Sp. pi. i.
p. 378.

Pursh. Flor, Amer. Sept. 1. p.

Panicle cxpandin2;, tii-
cliotomous ; peduiules
flexuous ; awns genicu-
late ; h'aves setaceous ;
stem nearly naked.

15Q

TRIANDRIA Dl GYNIA.

Stem 2 feet liic:h, terete, glabrous, naked near the suinniit. Leavp.%
setaceous. Panlcls diffused ; tiic primary divisions soinewliat verti-
ciiiate. the second generally trichotomous. Valves of the cab/.x' mem-
braiiaceous, very acute, unequal ; the interior as long as the florets ;
floiets equal in length. Valves of the corolla equal ; the exterior
v.ihe very acute, hairy at base, with a geniculate awn extenOing from
the base nearly twice its own length ; interior valve slightly two
cleft.

I insert this specieB on the authority of Pursli. My specimens arc
from Peimsylvauia.

Flowers Flcmous Jlira-.

Leaves siibulalc, pani-
cle small, racemose ; co-
rolla villous, the exterior
valve two cleft, awned.

3. Purpurea. Walt.

A. Ibliis subulatis : paiii-
cula parva, racemosa; co-
Hilla vi'losa,vaiva extcri-
ore hilida, aristata. E.

Walt. p. 78.

Root annual.'' Stem 2feethigii, slender, compressed on one side, a
little rough on the joints. Leaves G — 12 inches long, i2 — 5 lines wide,
scabrous, hairy on tlie upper surface, convolute when dry : sheat'ns
shorter than the joints, scabrous; throat hairy. Panicle composed of
small racemes, appressed when young afterwards expanding. Cahjx 2
vaived, 2 flowered, the exterior valve small, the inteiior larger : both
lance'^late, concave, purple, witlithe margins lacerate. Corolla 2 val-
red : the exterior valve twice or three times as long as the calyx, near»
}y lanceolate, deeply two clcfc, the midrib extended and forming a
short awn, ciliate and villous along the back ; the interior a little short-
er, concave, lanceolate, acute, very villous on the back; both purple>^
Jinfhers and sfigmaa purple.

This plant has a strong saline taste.

Grows on the margin of the Ocean among the drift sand?.

Flowers September — October.

** Miiticce.
4. Capillvcea.

La Marck.

Unaivned.

A. paniciila capillacea,
efFusa, maxima, flosculis
Tnuticis, calyce loiigiori-
bus ; altero pediceliato.
La Marck.

Stem about 8 inches high, erect.
Glumes acute, with the keel rough
Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Fraser.
Orows on slate hills and sandy pastures. Pursln

Panicle capillary, dif-
fuse, very large ; ilorets
unawned, longer than the
calyx, one on a footstalk.

Leaves narrow, short, glabrous'.
Panicle purple. Pursh.

TRTKNDRTV DIGYNIV.

I5S

ranirlc slender, erect ;
valvi's of tlie calyx acute;
the upper spikes 3 flow*
ered ; leaves short, flat.

0. Trtflorv. K.

A. paiiicula jzirai ili.
rr^cta; calycibus acutis :
s«»i(iilis sN|)erioiil»us tii-
fl iris ; toliis brevibus,
plariis. E.

linot fibrous, perennial. Stem \i — 18 incites hiijh, erect, terete,
glabrous. /A>aves i 2 inches Iom<x? Hat, jjialirous on the upjier, sca-
broiH on flic under surface: slieatKs shorter tian the joints ; stipules
nieinbranous, lacerate. Valves of t!ie cn/j/.r une<|ual, linear-laticeolale,
acute: the keels serrulate. Valves of the coroll lanceolate, acute, ob-
tcurelv 3 — 5 nerved ; the exterior lar;;er than the calyx, and son)e\vhat
uoolly at ha-e,but not villous ; the interior valve smaller. Styles uliort-
er than the corolla. Uti^mas feathered, white.

The flowers in this, are lari:;er than in the two succeedinj species.

From the base of the second floret in the lower spikes, a naked pedi»
ccl arises like a continuation of the rachis; this ia the up|)er spikei
generally bcjirs a third floret. To the A. melicoides of Michaux, this
species has much resemblance : it appears to difter in size, as the jjlumes
in this plant are rather small titou;^h lonir, and by wanting; the villous
«loathinu; of the base of the florets and peilicels.

From specimens collected at Atlicus, Georgia, by Mr. Green.

Flowers in April. ^ Three -Jluwercd dira.

6. Obtusata. IMicli.

A. foliis plauis : pani-
cula coarctata ; flofibus
l{evil)iis. obiusis; caly-
cis valva iiiteriore oblique
truricata. K.

Leave? flat ; panicle con-
tracted ; fli)\vers snK»otii,
obtuse; the iiiterior valve
of the calyx obliquely
truncate.

Mich. 1. p. 62. Pursli, Flor. Anier. Sept. I- p. 76.

Hoot perennial. Stem erect, about 2 feet lii.;h, '^labroiin. T^enve*
6 — 12 incites lon<;, 1 — Klines wide, a little hairy an<l sea '--ous : sheaths
hairy; stipules membranous. I'linidi' lonus composed of erect, altcr-
nite or clustere«l racemes. Cnli/.v 2-valved, -2 and sometimes 3-iio\v-
ered ; the exterior valve linear, acute ; tl.e interior wide, compie-sed,
very obtuse or truncate, and sli:ihtlv niucronate. Corutla '2-vaIve'l,
valves nearly e(|ual ; the exterior a little lar:;er, compressed, obtuse,
tlie midrib Si'rrated near the j)oint, tiii:i;ed with };reer» ; the interi'ir
white, obtuse, the back im[»ressed, ;ind the an^le> ciliate, serrate; the
rachis always extending beyond the flowers, jlntfwrs purple.

Grows in dry, pine land, sumetinies iji pastures. Cimunon.

Flowers March— April. Obtase-Jlowered Air(h

154

TRIANDRIA DIGYNtA,

5. Mollis. Mulil. Cat.

A. panicula gracili. ra-
cen.osa; valva interiore
calycis obtusa ; foliis li-
iiearibus. E.

Panicle slender, race-
mose ; the interior valve
of the calyx obtuse ;
leaves linear.

Stem 1 — 2 feet liigli, terete, glabrous, naked towards the summif.
Leaves short, linear, with the sheaths shorter than the joints. Flowers
on alternate racemes, not crowded on the rachis. Exterior valve of
the cnljf.v acute ; interior obtuse, with the margins nearly circular.
Corolla 2- alved, valves nearly acute; the interior shorter, generally
two cleft at the summit. Stigmas wMte.

To the preceding species this has much affinity. Its flowers and
racemes, however, are never crowded, as in the A. obtusata. Its stem is
wore slender and naked, and it is in every respect a more delicate
plant.

It varies with leaves pubescent, and glabrous. I have also a va-
riety found in the pine barrens of Carolina, with the stem almost se-
taceous, leaves linear, involute, flowers more crowded on the racemes,
and the calyx and corolla rather more acute than in the plant described;
perhaps a distinct species.

Grows in the middle and upper country of Carolina, plentifully^
Kot common in the low country. Athens, Mr, Green. Columbia,-
i^r Herbemont.

Flowers April. Soft Aira*

MELICA.

Calyx S-valvis, S-flor-
us. Rudimentiim florls
iijter flosculos.

i. Glabra. Mich.

M. s'ti'>r«^ ; panicula
crecta, laxa; ramulis sim-
plicibus, pau<'ifloris ; flo-
ribus glumis imberbibus.
Persoon, i. p. 78.

Mich. 1. p. 62.

M. mutrica, Walt. p. 7B;

Calyx 2-valvecl,2-flow-
ered. Rudiment of a
flower between the flor*
ets.

Glabrous; panicle erect,
loose ; branches simple,
few flowered; flowers with
the glumes unbearded-

TRTANDUTA DTGYN'TA.

159

^tem t— 3 feet hi<;h, terete, glabrous. Leai'fn vcrr narrow, almost
linear, scabrous; sheaths Ions;, slightly scabrous ; stipules incmbra>-
nuns. Panicle Ion:;, slender, compose*! of »li>titKt racemes 3 — 5
flivvered, with the flowers nodding. Cn/^.r shortt'r tliati the corolla,
2-valved : valves iarjre, o>ate, rathei- acute, une(|ual, with the niaririiig
ami summit membranous. Corolla '2->alved, unequal ; exterior valve
lancetdate, somewhat obovate, nerved, concave, witli the summit
nit'Mibratious ; the interior much smaller, tieaily obovate, ciliate.
*\'ru(ral jloret petlicellate, 2-vu!ved : valves unequal, obovate. <S7a-
ifxen 3. ,inthers Aellnw. ^t'rjmas white r

I have from Ctdumbia a variety w itii tiie leaves pul)escont, the flow*
er evidently smaller, the valves n\ore acute, less meinbranoiis at the
suMunit, aiul haiulsomely spotted with purple. It is proliablv the Nf,
aitissima, Walt, but is has scarcely character enough for a' distinct
6]»ecies.

(iro\v8 in fertile soils.

^'lowers A))ril.

Large -flowered Jlelicat

DACTYLIS.

Cabix 2-valve(l, com-
pressed : one valve large,
keeled. Spikrs tlu^^teiedj
aggiegate, and in heads.

Panielc sccund, clus-
tered.

Cali/x S-valvis, coin-
pressus ; altera valvula
majore, raiinata. iSpicce
aggrei:j;at{e et eapilatie.

1. Glomek.v a.

1). panicula secunda,
gloinerata. Sp. pi. i. p.
408.

Eng. Botany, No. ^Z5.

77oof perennial. 6YPTn 2 — 3 feet high, terete, glabrons. Leaves \\-
neai, caiinate, very scabrous; sheath scabrous; stijuiles lacerate.
J*anicle leai'.ing one vvav ; flowers clustered at the extremity of each,
branch; in small spikes, each H. — 4 llowered. Valves of the cah/.v
unei|ual, lanceolate, very acute, mucronate ; the keel and margins
finely ciliate. Exterior valves of the corolla lanceolate ; the keel
ciliate, with a short straight awn near the summit, as in iJromus) ;
interior valVe retlexed, with the margins lincly tilialc, 2-clcrt at Uic
summit. Stamens 3.

(jrows near Charleston. James Inland. A native of Europe ; nov
Aalurali/.ed.

Flywcrh May— June. Clustered DacUilia'

156

TMANDRIA DIGYNIA,

POA.

Calyx S-valvis, miilti-
jloius. Spicida ovata ;
\ al vulis n largirie scariosis,
acutiusculis.

1. Capillaris.

P. panicula luxa, pa-
tentissinia, capiliaii ; 8pi-
culis 3- — 5-floiis; floribus
jjubescentibus ; fojiis pi-
losis; cuinio lamosissi-

11 J o.

Calyx S-valved, many'
flowered. Spi/cfS ovate ;
valves somewhat acute,

and scarious
niar»:in.

along: the

Panicle loose, expand-
ing, capillaiy ; spikes
3 — 5-flo\vered ; flowers
pubescent; leaves hairy 5
stem much branched.

Sp. pi. p. 594.

Cla\t. p. 13. No. 580.

Pursli, nor. Amer. fcept. 1. p. 79.
Walt. p. 80 ?

Stem 12 — 18 inches high, glabrous. Leaves linear, short, flatt
sV.eaths longer than the joints, hairy at tl.e throat, Fanicle diffuse,
spreading, on short, somewliat rigid peduncles. Spikes 5 — 5-llower-
©d, purple. Valves of the cahjA- and corolla acute, pubescent.

Inhabits Carolina. Muhl. Pursh.

Flowers June — August. Hair-panicled Poa%

2. Tenuis!. E.

P. pauicula ramosissi-
ma, patentissima, capilia-
ii; spicuhs tiifloiis, gla-
l)iis, longe pedunculatis ;
ioliis lineaiibus, pije-
lonsis. E.

Panicle branching, ex-
panding, capillary ; spikes
3- flowered, ,a:labrous, on
long [)edinicles ; leaves
lineal', very long.

Root perennial ? Stem 12 — 18 inches liigh,. somewhat compressed ;
glabrous, much branched Irom the rodt. Leaves Id — 15 inches long,
linear, scabrous, thinly sprinkled along the edges with long hairs;
s'.eath longer than the joints, open, at xhn tliroat hairy, hairs long.
Panicle very larj^e, diiiuse, truly capillary. reduncles somewhat
verticili;tte,very long and fine. Spikelets S-f^owon^il ; the lower ones
sometimesi 1-tiowercd; florets more remote than usual in this genus*-

TRl\NDKTA niCYMA.

i'^7

falyx Cvalvpil ; valvi-s Irtn- eolafc. compressoil, witli <lie keels sor-
V late, iilutjiitiis. ('nynlla 'Z-\u\\K'i\ : tin- »'\tt'i ior laiKntlate, uciiiiii-
iKito^ sli^;litl_v koc'lt'd ; tlie interior witii tlie back impressed; butli
glal>n»us.

From the preeedinj;; species, tliis diRers by a larger and more tliduse
jianicle, loM;ier peduncles, fewer llowers in the spike, a glabrouu, al-
most transparent corolla, and much longer leaves.

From specimens brought from Cireeaville, by Mr. Mowlins.

Flowers August — SeptemL-cr. Hlemler Poa,

D. "iRsuTA. Mich.

p. culiiio erecto : foli-
orurn vafi;ini3 liirsiitissi-
iiii.s ; ])a!rK;ula rainosissi-
iim. patcnlissima ; spicu-
lis suljf|uinqucnoiis. E.

Stem erect ; sheatlis
of the leaves very hairv ;
panicle much branched
and expanded ; spikelcts
generally j-llowered.

> ich. 1. p.
P. simplex,

G8.

Walt.

79.

Root perennial, cespitosc
erect, slightly cotnpressed.

Stem IG — 24 inches hich. stri'-fly
{jlabrous, ani^ular after brandling ;
branches lonj^, expanding horizontally, hairy in tlie axiU. Lpavfs
lo.ijr, linear, ^;labrous, serrulate, hairy near the base; sheath niucli
l(»n};er than tlie joints, compressed, very haiiv ; throat verv hairv.
iipikelfts 3 — r-tlowered. CVi/^.r and Corolla, valves lanceolate. acute,
compressed, keeled : keel serrulate, j^labrous, tinj^ed with purple.
»'inthers purj)le. Utis^iiuts white.

Varies with panicle liiiht straw coloured, and brio;ht purple ;
leaves and panicle more or less hairy. Panicle with age divaricate.

Grows in dry pastures and fields.

Flowers August — October. Hairy Poa.

4. Parviflorx. Pursh.

P. i)anicula ditfusa, ca-
pillaii ; spiciilis parvi?,
siiltUilloris: noriI)Us suh-
olUusis, stiiaiis, caduci?;
foliis distichiH. planis. E.

J'anicle difTusc, ca])il-
lary; spikes small, ,2;('n-
eraiiy 3-flo\vcred: flow-
ers ratlicr ohlusc, stiiate,
cathicous; leaves di.stich-
ous, flat.

Purfth. flor. Amer. S* pt. 1. p. 80,

P. striata, La Marck. Knc. Meth. 1. p. 183.

Root perennial. Stnn decumbent, \2 — 18 inches high, somewhat
Oompres!<ed, simple, entirely cinathed with the leaves. Leaves 0 — 8
iachfs long, 1 — 3 lines wide, flat^ verj smooth, the mar^^iua scarcely

i^3

TRTANDRIA DIGYXIA.

rouiO^ened ; sheaths longer than the stem, closed, glabrous; siipales
Die ii-'rajious. Calyx 2-valved, unequal, somewhat lanceolate, mem-
Lian.)us, expanding, persistent. Florets 1 — 3 (4 Pursli,) caducous.
(:.,rvlla 2-valved; the exterior valve lanceolate, rather obtuse, not
|i(-eled, strongly nerved; the interior impressed.

My specimens were not perfect. All t!ie spikelets which had not
been expoi^ed, were triflorous; but the calyx was btill remarkable for
want of connection with the florets.

Fr ni specimens sent from Columbia, by AJr. Herbemont.

Flowers July. (Fursh.) Small-Jloivered Poa,

5. CONFERTA. E.

P. puniculis terminali-
bus, axilltuibusque, ercc-
tirt, coarctatis, conlei tilioi

Panicles terminal, and
axillary, erect, compress-
ed, v\iili the flowers clus-

1^ ; spiciilis octofloi is, I tered; spikelets 8-flo>ver-
glabris. E. j ed, glabrous.

p. glomerata, Walt, p- 80.

Stem erect, genicuhite, 2 — 3 feet high, terete, glabrous, thickened
at tiie joints. Leaves A — 8 inches long, 3 lines wide, glabrous, fiat,
slightly serrulate along tlie mari;;in ; sheaths ooen, shorter than t!ie
joints; stipules membranous, short. PanicleA — 8 inches long. ^Spikes
lanceolate, small, very much crowded, generally 8-flov\ered. Exte-
teiior valve of the corolla compressed, acMte, membranaceous, with 3
or 5 coloured nerves.

This is n:>t the P. glomerata, of Linnpeus ; I have therefore been
obliged to give it another trivial name. From specimens sent from
Colom ia by Mr. Herbemont.

Flowers Cluster -jlowered Voa.

6. Annua.

P. panicula diffusa, an- | Panicle diffuse; branches
§:i]]is rectis ; spiculis ob- | expanding at right angles ;
tiisis, qui? quefloris; cul- | spikelets obtuse, 5-fiow-
djo obliquo, compresso. | ered ; stem oblique, com-
fep. pi. p. 390. I pressed.

'Boot annual. Btem about 6 inches high, procumbent, somewhat
geniculate, glabrous. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, I — 2 lines wide,
slightly channelled, glabrous, serrulate ; sheath as long as the joints,
glabrous, contracted at the throat; stipules membranous. Spikelets
frequently 4-fl()wered. Calyjc^ and corolla, with the valves lanceo-
late, 5-nerved, ratiier acute, slightly pubescent. Anthers and Stigvurs
white.

TRTANnnTV niCYXTA.

i5%

A tondcr, f1»'liratp. carlv 'j;ra^8; nmi noii artiind huilJinjrs, In irar-
dcu<5, and mltaat-'d gruiimls ; perliuj)!!* urigiually iinportL-d, tiowr
Miiiversallv dilt'usod.

Flowers Kobruary — April. Jiarly Fua.

7. AiTTtTMNAi.i'*. Mulil.

p. ca»s|)it<)>*a : I'olii^ pla- Cospitoso ; If^aves fli^t ;

nis ; pari'ciilis ditl'iisis ; paniclfs dillusc ; sijikc-
6|)ici)Iis ohtusis, suhtrilli) U'ts ohtiise. jr^'Morally 3-
ris; floribus i)ubes('ciui- tlowcre'l ; flAvcrs pti-
bus, apicc compresriis. E. Ix'SLcn:, compressed at

the point.

Jloot perennial, cespitose. Stem erect, 12 — 18 inches lii'rl). tereti' ?
glabrous, Leaveti 6 incites lon;^ 1 — '2 lines wide. Hat, sli.tlitlv sca-
brous ; sheaths shorter tlian the joints; stip'iles membranous. P^i>,-
icle limse, not appressed Cahfr, valves une<|aal. acute. Vnrnl''i^
the exterior valve lanceolate, obtuse, with the summit as if compressed,
distinctly 5-nerved.

This may be the P. compressa, Walt, but is very distinct fi • -i
specimens of P. compressa, liin. as sent me by Dr. Muhlenljtirj^. !",.
M. noticinu; a specimen of this ^rass which I had sent him, sav«. " t
appears to be my flexuosa, but as Smith has a tlexuosa, we mas f a- t.j
it Autumnalis." The D.ictor bus retained flexuosa in his catal"^U'*;
but as tiiere is notliins; flexuous to be oliserved in my .specimpn:^, t.:e
plant on the contrary beinj; unusually erect, I have used the name en-
tered in my herbarium.

From specimens sent bv Mr. Ilerbcmont, from Columbia. Found
in Georgia by Dr. IJaldwin.

Flow ers Jiuliimnal Poa.

«. ViRinis. Mulil. Tat.

P. foliis planis. rmeari-
bus, abriipte acutis ; pan-
iciila sul)conferta ; spicii-
bs ovatis, acutis, quadri-
floris. E.

Loaves flat, linenr,
abruptly acule ; panicle
somewhat crowded ;
spikes ovate, acute, four
tloweic I.

Root perennial, cespitose. Stem erect, columnar, striate, ^'ahrous,
18 inches high. Leaves 2 — 4 inches lon;^;, -2 lines wid»'. ;;labro'«s ;
sheath open, glabrous : stipitles memliranous. Punicle expamlin'^ ;
branches .3—4 at each joint. Valves of the cn/'/.r and corolla very
acute, distinctly o-nerved ; mar;;ins and sumnjit s( arious, w!i;f • ;
keel serrulate. Florets generally 3 — 5 in each spikelet, woolly at
the base.

160

TRTANDRTA DTGYNIA,

A fine winter grass, remarkable for its deep green colour, ami iwft
succulent leaves. As it bears the summer heats, in close, rich soils,
it wants onlv size to render it a valuable acquisition to the farmer.

Not uncommon near Charleston. Supposed to have been brou«;Kt
from the upper country. It is probably only a variety of the P. pra-
te n sis, Lin.

Flowers May — June. Green Foa — Green grass.

Leaves linear, invo-
lute ; panicula somewhat
crowded ; spikes lanceo-
late, acute, four flowered ;
flowers villous at base.

9. Angustifoua?

P. foiiis linearii)us, in-
volutis; panicula subcon-
ferta; spiculis lanceolatis,
acutis, q-iadrifloris ; flo-
ribus basi villosis. E.

Sp. pi. l.p. S87.

R. stolonifera ? Muhl. Cat.

7^oof perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, glabrous, columnar. Leaves
glabrous, 2 — 6 inches long, in dry weather involute ; the stem leaves
wider than those that appear to be from the root; stipules membranous,
short. Panicle (with us! much crowded. Valves f)f i\\e florets a.c\\te,.
5-nerved, generally tinged with purple, very villous at tiie base.

The spikes are more crowded, and the florets larger than in P. viri-
dis.

Grow? around Charleston. Sent me from Middleton place, Ashlej
river, by Mr. Moulins ', from Columbia, by Mr. Tlerbeniont.

Flowers May. JVarrow-leaved Foa,

10. Teneixa ?

p. panicula siibverticil-
lata, patente ; spiculis K-
iHaribus, 6 — lO-floris;
fioribus par vu lis, glabris,
valva rxtejiore corollse
cadi'iCa; culmo decum-
bente. E.

Panicle somewhat verti-
cillate, expanding; spikes
linear, G — 10-flowered ;
flowers small, glabrous,
witli the exterior valve of
the corolla caducous :
stem decumbent.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 395. Pursb, Flor. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 80.

Annual. Stem decumbent, glabrous, terete, 6 — 12 inches high.
Leaves I — 2 inches long, subulate, scabrous on the upper surface,
smooth on the under ; throat of the sheath contracted, and very hairy.
Funicle slender, expanding j branches somewhat verticiliate, with a

TniA^DRIi.*blGYNlA,

161

fewr loH^ hairs in each uxil. Peduncles 2 — 5 lines lon^. Exterior
Talve of the curulln compressed, acute, 3 — i nerved, purple, Jailing
^> it h the mature seed. Aitthei s purple. Utigmas feathered, white.
Seed oval, impressed near the base.

This plant agrees, in n^any respects, minutely with the de»cnptio»
of the P. tenella. I)y Ret/.; but the flowers are neither nodding, ob-
tuse, nor fringed aloiiu; the marijins. Whenever the plant!* can be
c»mipared they will prol)ably be fitund distinct. It a^iees somewhat
with the P. pectinacea, of which 1 believe Dr. Muhleiiberii; considered
it a variety : but it is smaller and more decumbent ; and the interior
Talve of the corolla when persistent, is appressed to the racliis.

Grows in cultivated u;rountU. CoiU.uon.

Flowers through the summer. Umall narrow -sj) iked Poa,

11. Pectinacea. Midi.

P. panicula laxa, pyra-
Tnidata, erccta ; ?j)iculis
liiicaiilms. lo — 12 lloris ;
rachi (Icniuin valvulis iii-
tcriorihus persistcntibus

Panicle loose, pyramid
(lal, erect ; spikes linear,
10 — 12 flowered ; the
racliis when old pecti-
nated by the persistent
interior valve of corolla.

peclinata.

Mich. 1. p. 69. Tersoon, 1. p. 91. Pursh. l.p. 81.

Stem erect. Leaves erect, with the throat of the sheaths, and axile
•f tlie panicle, hairy. Flowers ovate, acuminate, 3 nervecL

Grows in Carolina.
Flowers July.

Pursh.

12. Er\grostts ?

p. panicula patente, py-
ramidata, ranuilis alter-
nis ; spicuiis linearibus,
deccmfloiis, subsessili-
hus ; Horibus acutis tri-
nervibus.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 392.
Tursh. 1. p. 8(J.

Perennial } Stem 2 feet hij;h ; j^eniculate and branching near the
base, terete, glabrous. L«aL'e.s-»hort, linear, almost subulate!^ glabrous,
with 3 or 5 prominent nerves; sheaths hairy at the the throat. Pan-
icle expanding;; branches remote, alternate, a little subdivided.
Sjiikes generally 10 flowered, on peduncle-* two or three liue« Ion;;;

Panicle expanding, py-
ramidal, witli allernate
branches ; spikes linear,
10 flowered, nearly ses-
sile ; flowers acute, 3
nerved.

16^

TRIANDRIA. ©IGTNIA.

forming racemes on the long branches of the panicle. Corolla with
tlie exterior valve tiansparent, 5 nerved, very acute.

Grows in cultivate'l land.

Flowers throuxU the summer.

i3. NrTIDA. E.

r. c 111 mo e recto, gla-
berri'iio ; paiiicula nia-
juscula, diffusa, capilla-
cea, siib-verticillata; ped-
iinculis prselongis; spicu-
lis lanceolatis, octoflods.
E.

Stem erect, very gla-
brous ; panicle large, dif-
fuse, capillary, somewhat
verticillate ; peduncles
long; spikes lanceolate,
eight flowered.

Root annual ? Stem 1 foot high, and with the whole plant, very gla*
bnuis. Leaves long, linear, involute when dry, scabrous near the
points, with a few hairs at the throat of the sheath. Panicle very
large, 12 — 18 inches high, expanding. Peduncles J — 3 inches long,
capillary, very glabrous. Calyx compressed, very acute, with the
keel sharply serrulate. Exterior valve of the corolla compressed,
very acute, transparent, 3 nerved ; keel very finely serrulate j mar*'
gins rounded. Hpike 7 — 9 flowered.

Grows in cultivated land. Common on Paris Island.

Flowers through the summer. Smooth-shinins Poa.

44. Refracta. Muhl. Cat.

Stem erect ; panicle
<^ifFuse, with the branches
divaricate ; spikes in ra-
cemes, linear-lanceolate,
many flowered.

P. culmo erecto ; pani-
cula diffusa, ramulis diva-
ricatis ; spiculis ramosis,
lineari-lanceolatis, mulli-
floris. E.

P. amabilis, Walt. p. 80.

P. spectabilis, Puish, 1. p. 81.

Root perennial. Stem erect, 2 feet high, terete, glabrous. Leaves
linear, 6—10 inches long, 3 lines wide, smooth underneath, slightly
scabrous on the tlie upper surface, a little hairy ; sheath as long as the

i'oints; stipules very short, membranous, lacerate. Panicle large,
lairy in the large axils. Spikes nearly sitting, 15 to 20 flowered.
Exterior valve of the corolla compressed, acuminate, 3 nerved. Fil*
anients 2 } Anthers purple. Stio;was plumose, wliite.

Grows in damp soils, in pine barrens, auii common along roads.
Flowers August— September. Refracted Poa,

TRTANDRIA DICYNIA,

463

Panicle hranchins; ;
spikes apprcsscd. colum-
nar, many flowered ; llo-
rets ol)iuse, seven nerved ;
the nerves double al base.

i5. Flfitans.

V punicula ramosa ;
8])iculis a|)piessis, tereli-
bus. multiiluiis ; spieulis
obtusis, septomnerviis ;
basi duplicato-nervosis.
Smith, Fl. Brit. i. p. 95.

Festuca fluitaris, Sp. pi. 1. p. 426. Midi. I. p. 66.
Bi^. p. 26. Pursli, I. p. 84.

Rixit pcicnnial. Stem erect, glabrous. Leaves 6 — 8 inclies lonir,
4 — 5 lines wide, jilabruus on tlie under surface, scabrous on tie ii|,| er,
sli;;htly keeled with the midrib ; sheatlis lar>i,e, longer tlian the points,
glabrous ; stipules larj^e, nieinbranuus. I'uuicle ion;:, e\pandin;r,
brandies siin|)le. SpiLt'S sessile, or on very short footstalks, jioiivraliy
9 — 10 flowerered. Valves of the calyx unequal, smaller than the
condia, mentbranons. Exterior valve of the curoUa \erv <tbtuse, 7
nerved, sonietinies mucronate at the summit by tlie projectiiii; nerves ;
at base are tiie rudiments of intermediate nerves ; uniler a leii^ s>li|^lit-
iy pubescent, particularly along tiie nerves, and scarious aiuug tiio
margins ; interior valve longer, obtuse, slightly bifid.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers .May — August.

16. Rcptans. Midi.

P. cuhno dc'cumbente,
repente ; panicula parvu-
la, subfasciculata ; spiculis
lineari-lanccolatis, nuilti-
floris ; glumis aculibsi-
niis. E.

Stem decumbent, creep,
ini^; panicle suiall. fnv
quently rasci«ulateil ;
spikes lineal -lanceolate,
ma y llowered ; ;.,lanicd
very acute.

5 O'

Mich. 1 p 69. Pursh, 1. p. 81.

P. hypnoides ? La Marck. I.lus. 1. p. 185.

Root annual, (Mich.) Stem decumbent, 6—18 inches Ions, 'a^ini;
root at the joints, ;r|abrous, terete. Leaves subulate, >tiiaf, acute,
^li.;htly pubesce t, 1 — '2 inches loii'j : sheath uenerally siioiter t an
the joints, hairy at the throat. Fanicle somewhat <liHusf Spike*
15 — 20 flowered. Kxteiior valves of \.]\o cum la tapeiin„ t) a very
acute point, pale straw olour, midrib and 'i nerves greeu, and prom-
inent, 2 outer nerves short, and obscure.

In the specimens given me by Mr. Correa, tliere were in some
spikes 40 florets.

Grows in cultivated, hiu;h lands, near Beaufort, in fertile soils.

Collected in the upper country, by Mr. Correa dc ^'erra.

Flowers throu";h the sununer.

Creeping Pua.

1641

TRlANDRlA DIGYNIA^

Panicle lanceolate, a
little branched, seciind ;
branches alternate, se-
ciind.

17. Rigid A.

P. panicula lanceolata,
sul^ramosa, secunda ; ra-
ni ulis alternis, secundis.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 396.

P. cristata, Walt. p. 80.

Root perennial Stem 2 — 4 inches high, assurgenf, generally gen?*^
culate, glabr us, ri^tl. Leaves subulate, i — U inches long, glabrous ;
when dry involute, rigid ; sheath generally shorter than the joints j
stipules membranous. Panicle 1 — H inches long, collected on one
side of the stem. Peduncles short, lower ones branching. Hpikeif,
linear-lanceolate, 5 — 7 Howered ; flowers a little remote. Valves of
tl\e calyx keeled, serrulate; O' the corolla^ rounded, somewhat acute,'
generally tinged with dark purple.

Grows in very dry soils. Common around Beaufort.

riowers April— May. Rigid Poa*

18. QuiNQrEFiDA. Pursh.

p. culmo erecto ; pan-
icula majuscula, patente,
siibspicata ; spiculis quin-
quefloris, vulva exteriore
coroUse 3 — 5 mucronata.
E.

Stem erect ; panicle
expanding, some-

large,

what spiked ; spike 5
flowered, with the exte-
rior valve of the corolla
3 — 5 pointed,

Pursh, I. p. 81.

P. pratensis, Walt. p. 80.

P. Sesleroides, iVlich. 1. p

68.

Clayton, p. 13, No. 275 > Poa flava ? Sp. pi. 1 . p. 39(7.

Leaven
i lines

Perennial. Stem 4 feet high, slightly compressed, glabrous,
distichous at the base of the stem, 8 -16 inches long, 3-
vide, slightly scabrous on the upper surface, serrulate along the
margins ; sheath shorter than the joints, hairy at the throat. Panicle
somewhat verticillate near the base, with the branches expanding, di-
vided, and pendulous at the extremities- Spikes on very short ped-
uncles. \alves of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, unequal, with
the keel scabrous near the summit. Exterior valve of the cor Ala dis-
tinctly 3 nerved, (5 nerved, Pursh,) with tlie nerves projecting beyond
the margins ; interior valve 2 cleft ; both hairy near the base, along
the margins and nerves, purple towards the summit. Anthers white,
Myles 2, shorter than the corolla. Stigmas feathered, purple.

There are probably more species than one now mingled under this
Oame.

Grows in sandy soils. With us a common grass.

Flowers September--Octoben Tall-p^r^h Fo(^

TRIVKDRIA DIGIKIA.

160

id, AMniGiA. E.

P. p uiiculji spicata, pa-
teiilc ; spiels ovatis, eras-
sis, sessilii)us, 5 — (J (lo: is ;
valva exlcriore corollie
niucronata. E.

Panicle spikcfl. expand-
ing ; spikes ovate, thiek,
sessile, 5 — 6 flowered ;
the exterior valve of the
corolla niueronatc.

Perennial* Stem 2 foot liij;li, terete, glabrous. Lrai'es linear, g-la-
brous ; sheaths shorter than the joints, bearded at the tliroat. Fan-
icle small, expanding;, pyramidal, with the branches alternate.
Spikes someuhat distant, sessile, almost i^labrous, dark purple.
Valves of tile calya' unequal, acute. Exterior valve of tiie corolla
ovate, pointed just behind the summit with the projectinj; mitir ib, 3
nerved, tli<» niar^ins and midrib very hairy near the base; interior
valve deeply impressed, not hairy.

1 have placed t!»is plant heie, because it appears to me evidently
a coni^ener with the prece<lini5 species. Both have the stronj; pro-
jecting midrib, the sinjjular fringe, near the base of the corolla, and
tliick compact spike. They are probably both species of Koeleria.

Found in the mountains of Carolina, by Dr. Macbride, and in the
lower country of Georijia, by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers — September. Round-s})iked Poa.

BRIZA. Gen. pl. 115.

Calyx 2-valvis, multi- | Calyx 2 valved, many
floris. Spicula disticha, | flowered. Spikts distich-
valvulis cordatis, obtusis ; | ous, Avith the valves cor-
intcriore miniita. | date, obtuse ; the interior

I valve uiiimtc.

Spikes lanceolate, 20
flow e red.

1. EnAGROSTlS.

B. spiculis lanceolatis,
flosculis viginti. Sp. pl.
1. p. 405.

Mich. l.p. 72. Pursh, 1. p. 82.

Jtoot annual. Stem decumbent, {jeniculate, j^labi^us, olumnar.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth on the under surface, scabidus on tlie
upper, and alonj; the edges ; sheaths shorter than the joints, bearded
at the thmat. Panicle decompound, erect. Spikes oblong-ovate,
slightly conlate at base, t'lowera lU — 30. F^xterior valve of tiic
corolla acute, three nerved ; the interior small ciliate al(»ng the
nerves ; tKe valves expand, when the seed is mature. Anthers \\hitC(
Stigmas fcatliered.

166

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA*

Grows in cuUivated lands. Very common. Perhaps originally
imported. • Appears to connect the genus Foa to the Briza.

Flowers June — November. Common Briza,

UNIOLA. Gen. pl. 116.

Calyx multivalvis. Spi-
cula ovata, compressa,
carinata. Styli bre vissimi.
JVectarium dipliyllum, e-
marginatum. E.
4. Pamcula.ta»
U. panicula m^juscula,
compressa ; spiculis sub-
sessilibus ; calyce 5 -val-
vi ; floribus triandris.

Cahfx many valved.
Spikes ovate, compress-
ed, keeled. Styles very
short. Kedary S leaved,
emurginate.

Panicle large, com-
pressed ; spikes nearly
sessile ; calyx 4 — 5 valv-
cd ; liovvers triandrous.

Sp. pl. 1. p. Clayt. p. No. 909. Walt. p. 79.
D. maritima, Mich. l.p. 7t.

J?oo^ perennial, ^tem erect, 4 — 8 feet high, columnar, glabrous.
Leaves 3 teet long, narrow, very acute, entire, flat, not channelled,
glabrous, with the upper surface slii^htly scabrous ; sheaths longer
tl>an the joiHts, densly fringed at the throat. Spikes many flowered,
(10) ; the upper florets generally sterile. Exterior valve ol the corolla
compressed, rather obtuse, slightly mucronate, 8 nerved besides the
keel ; nerves double; keel serrulate near the summit; margins slightly
fringed; the interior of the same length, the margins bent back and
ciliate. Sectary 2 leaved, covering the germ, unequally 3 cleft. Sta
mens 3. Anthers yellow StyUs with the Stigma, only half as long
as the corolla. Stigmas plumose, white. Seed oblong.

Orows abundantly on the sand hills that border the ocean.

Flowers July-^August. Sea-shore Uniola,

Hea-side Oats:

2. SPICATA.

U. foliis distichis, in-
volutis ; panicula com-
pressa ; calyce 3 — 3 valvi ;
spiculis subsessilibus ;
floribus triandris. E.

Leaves distichous, in-

volute ;
pressed
valved ;
sessile ;
drous.

panicle corn-
calyx 2 — 3
spikes nearly
flowers trian-

TRIANIIRIA DIGYNI.C

457

'^n. [.1. 1. p. 406.
^V alt. n. 71).

I
Festuca ilistichophylla, Mich. 1. 67. Pnrsh, 1. p. 84,

Tloof creeping, pev-ennial. Stun I Hiot hijj;h, erect, and a«fcndm»,
tcreto, 'j;lal»it)us. Leavr^ subuliifi', expandirv;;, acute, entire, siiiootli
on tlic uiultM- surface, rtliirlitly ::I iiirdus and sca>»i(»us oii the upper, in-
voliife ; sheaths lumber than lh»' jujut-s; t!ie throat ciliate. Spikft
8 — 10 Howered. Calyx 2, sometimes 3 valved, smaller than the C(»-
fiilla. K^terior valve (»f t'le cnrotla compressed, acute ; interior
valve of the same len!i;th, ratlier obtuse. v\* ctarie.s -X, coverin;;; the
gerui, dilated and olKiisc at X\\*t &uinmit. Anthers white. iitifUs half
tije length of the cor:)Ila. Stis^rnan plumose.

Thii plant has been transferred to the Festuca, bv Michaux ; but its
corolla, nectary, and styles, show its connection with this genus.

Grows in places overflowed by salt-at hij^h tides.

Fluwers July — September. Hpike-Jioivtred Unioleu

3. Latipolia. Mich.

U. panicula clifTusa ;
spiciilis longe-peduncii-
latis ; calyce trivalvi ;
floribus monandris. E.

Panicle diflRise ; spikes
on long peduncles ; calyx
3 valved ; flowers nio-
nandrous. *

Mich. l.p. TO. Pursh, 1. p. 82.

Root perennial .' Stem 2 foot hijh, terete, glabronn. Tjenvfs 4—6
inches Inches long, \ — I wide, flat, smooth, with the margins sca-
brous; sheaths longer than the joints : throat cilliate. Pa ni elf com-
pressed ; pedicels of the spikes i — li inches lonij. Hpik-^s with 7 t»
11) fertile florets, and 2 or 3 at the summit, sterile. Exterior valve
«f the corolla acute, IC nerved, besides tlie keel, nerves double : keel
^liate : interior valves shorter, with the reflexed margins finely ciliate
vlien viewed through a lens.

From specimens collected by Dr. Macbride, in the mountains of Caro-
lina. Tne leaves of these specimens are narrower than those ef some
sent me from Pennsylvania, by Dr. iMuidenburg; though the species is
certainly the same.

Flowers August — September. Broad-Uttred Uninla.

4. NiTiDA. Baldwin.

U. foliis planis, angus-
lis ; panicula sparsa, pa-
tula ; spiculis suhsessili-
l)us, panels ; calycibus
trivalvibus ; floribus nio-
nandiis. Bald.

Leaves flat, narrow ;
panicle scattered, ex-
panding ; spikes few,
nearly sessile : calyx
three valved; flowers mo
nandrous.

168

TRIANDRIA DIGTNIA.

This species in its liabit approaches the nearest to the U. latifolia;
from which however it is readily distinguished by its leaves, its thia
spreading panicle, its smaller and fewer flowered spike.
Height 2 — 5 feet and upwards. Baldwin.*

Grows at Crooked river bridge, Camden countv, Georgia.

Flowers June — July.

Panicle racemose, ap-
pressed, slender ; calyx
3 valved, 3 flowered ;
flowers loosely imbricate,
monandrous.

5. Gr\cilis. Mich.

U. panicula racemosa,
appressa, |2cracili ; calyce
3 valvi, 3-floro ; floribus
laxe imbricatis, monan-
dris. E.

Mich. 1. p. 71. Pursh. 1. p. 82.

Roof perennial. <Sfeni erect, 2 feet high, terete, glabrous. Leaves
linear, acute, flat, glabrous, smooth on the under surface, scabrous on
t'le upper; sheaths shorter than the joints, with long hairs scattered
along tlie margins ; throat hairy. Panicle long, slender, erect, with
the branches appressed. Spikes 3 flowered. Anthers and Stigmas
purple*

Grows in rich soils, preferring damp and shaded situations. Very
•onimon.

Flowers through the summer. Slender Uniola.

FESTUCA. Gen.pl. 119.

Calyx 2 valvis. Spi-
ciila olDlonga^teretiuscula,
glumis acuminatis.

1. Ten ELLA.

F. panicula simplicis-
•Ima, secunda ; spiciilis
suboctofloris, aristatis.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 419.

Pursh. 1. p. 83.

Festuca octoflora, Walt. p. 81.

Festuca bromoides, Mich. 1. p.

• It gives nie much pleasure to mention, tliat Dr Baldwin has promised lo
send me in future not only specimens bu* descriptions of the new plants with
V'hich he has enriched, and wdl continue to enrich the flora of the Southern
Slates; and that I sliall probably be able to add from his pen many observations
*" k J '^"*^^" plants, which have hitherto been inaccurately or imperfectly de-
scribed The notes of so accurate and skilful a Botanist, made from the living
plants. Will not only prevent the mistakes and omissions which miist unavoidably
recur m the examination of dried specimews, but wdl add to this "Sketch" a
mass of original observations, whicU must greatly enhance its value.

Calyx 2 valved. Spike
oblong columnar, with
the glumes acuminate.

Panicle simple, secund ;
spikelets generally eight
flowered, awned.

66.

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA*

IG^

ttnnt annual. Stem G — 13 inches liii^li, erect, geniculate n<»ar tlie
Toot. coliUnnar, roii^lu-iuMl near tlie panicle. leaves 2 — S inches Ion?,
subulate, acute, glalnous on the under surface, pubescent and
sli:;htlj scabrous on the upper. Panicle leaning;, composed of sim-
ple racemes. Spikeleti lanceolate, G — 9 floueretl, nea;ly sessile.
I'a'y.v '2 valved, valves une(|ual, sliijlitly keeled, scabrous, smaller than
t' e corolla. CoruUn 2 valved; exterior valve sliuihtly keelc<l,scal)roug,
tenninatiiii; in an awn as Ion;; as the valve: iiiteiiur valve smaller,
very acute, t'ilitineiits Cr scarcely lon;;Qr tlian tlie germ. Jinthert
Jiurple. Sti^num [)lumose.

Tiie anthers and stigmas appear in this species rarely to project out
©f the corolla.

(irows in very dry soils. Common.

Flowers April — Aiay.

2. PoLYSTAcnYA ? Micli.

stem procumbent, tak-
ing root; panicle large,
secund ; spikes lincar-
lanccolate, generally ten
flowered, awiied.

F. culino proLuml)ente,
radicante ; panicuLi ma-
jiiscula, subsecunda; spi-
cislineari-IaMCcolatis,sub-
decemfloris, aristutis. E.

Mich. 1. n. 66. Pursh, 1. p. 83.
F. multitlora, Walt. p. 81.
F. procumbens, Muiil. Cat.

Rout perennial .■• Stem 1 — 2 feet hiji^h, procumbent, branching, tak-
■in^ root at the joints, columnar, sjlahrous. Leaves 8 — M inches lonj;,
narrow, subulate, scabrous; sheaths much longer tlian the joints j
stipule a lacerated membrane resembling hair. Panicle erect, com-
posed of many simple racemes. Spikelets sessile, t^enerally 10 flow-
ered. Cnlif.v 2-valved, the exterior small, very acute, keeled; tlic
interior as lari^e as t!ie condia, awned. Corolla 2 valved ; the
exterior keeled, lanceolate, terminated by an awn rather shorter than
the valve; tlie awn of the upper florets diminishing in length; awn and
keel scabrous.

To the F. multiflora, "Walt, and F. polystachya, Mich, it bears much
irescinblance, but does not a'^ree exactly with the description of either*

Grows in wet soils, around ponds. Paris Island. Rare to me.

Flowers September — October. Procumbent Festuca.

3. MvuRus.

F. panicula o^racili, co-
arctata; splcurH cpiadri-
floris, aristati**. pilosis ;
floribus monandris. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 422. Pursh, 1. p. 83
F. myuros, Mich. 1. p. 66.
F. quadriflora, Walt. p. 81.

W

Panicle slender, ap-
pressed ; spiklcts four-
llowered, awned, liairy ;
flowers monandrous.

170 TRIANDRIA Dl GYNTA.

Root antiTtal. Stpm 6 — 12 inches long, erect, geniculate near ihe
root, c(»luinnai-, glabrous Leaves '■Z — 3 inches long, subulate, concave^
not keeled, glabrous on the under surface, scabrous on the upper, and
alon"- tlie margins ; sheaths nearly as long as the joitits : stipules mem-
branous. Panicle equal, not secund. Spikes 4 — r-flo\vered, nearly
sessile. Calyx 2 valved, valves unequal, very small, lineai -lanceolate,
acute. Corolla 2 valved ; exterior valve concave, hairy, particularly
near the summit, terminating in an awn twice as long as the valve; tiiO
interior valve membranous, lanceolate, uiiawned.niththe back impress-
ed, as is the case in all spikes with distichous flowers. Filament one?
scarcely longer than the germ. Styles 2, very short. Stigmas plu-
mose, white. Seed oblong, acute.

Of this plant, as of the F. tenella, I have never seen the stamens or
pistils uncovered by the corolla, yet I have no doubt but that at some
particular houi , or in some peculiar temperature, these organs are ex-
posed to the influence of the atmosphere.

I once considered this plant as distinct from the Linnsean F. myur-
us, and named it F. monandra; the description however of Lamarck
in the Encyclopedie Methodi<jue renders it probable that it is the same:
the onlv circumstances which still occasion any doubt, the hairy corol-
la and solitary filaments, are omit'.ed iu nis description.

Grows in \ery dry si>il9»

Flowers March — ApriL Hairy -Jiowered Festuca*

4. Parviflorv. E.

F. paniciila subsequali,
gracili, appressa; spiculis
tereti-subulatis, quinque-
floris, aristatis ; calycibus
muticis. E.

Panicle equal, slendei';
appressed ; spikelets te-
rete subulate, live-flower-
ed, avvned 3 c£i\yx unawii-
ed.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, slender, ela*
brous. Leaves linear, almost filiforn), 3 — 4 inciies long, slightly sca-
brous; sheaths nearly as long as the joints; stipule membranous, trun-
cate. Spikes terete, tapering to tlie summit but not compressed as
in F. tenella. Valves of the calyx unequal, very acute; keel serru-
late. Exterior valve of the corolla terminating in an awn about its
own length; interior valve small lanceolate, with the margin slightly
reflexed. Styles very short, ^iigmas feathered, white.

Near to F. spicata, Pursh. The upper or interior florets are shor-
ter at first than the exterior by which they appear to be enveloped,
but gradually extend with age.

From specimens collected by Mr. J. S. Bennett, in the pine barrea
near Orangeburgh,

Flowers April,

TRIANDRIA DIC.YNIA*

i7i

Panicle scciind, oblonir,
I>rancl)in2; ; spikelets six
MoNvered, nearly cylinflii-
cal ; radical leaves seta-
ceous, stem leaves flat.

5. DrnirsriLA.

F. paniciila sccunda.
i:)l)loni!;a, raniosa ; spi ii-
lis sexfloris, subcylindii-
tis ; ioliis radicalitms sc-
taceis,cauliiiis plaiiis. Sp.
pi. (.p. 451.

Eng. Botany, No. 470. Pursh 1. p. 82.

lioitt perennial. (Smith). Stem 1'2 — 18 inches hi2;b, erect, colnm-
uar. "labrous. Lpaves 4 — G inches lony;, -Z lines wide, siibuUite, slij^ht-
Ivftca irons; sheatlis lonj^er tlian the joints; stipules nienibranoui*,
verv short. Panicle erect, branches leaniiii; one wav, u^eneraily
sliort, >iinple. Spikes racemose on very short peduncles, (i — 8 flow.
»*'ed. Valves of tlie calif.v unequal, very acute, smaller than t!ie co-
rnlla. Kxterior valve of the corulla lanceolate, very acuti*, but not
awued ; interior similar, but smaller ; tlie keels serrulate, and under
a strong lens, a fine pubescence is visil>le all over the corolla.

Found neai- Savunuali by Dr. Baldwin. Has doubtless been intro
• liiced from Kuro])e.

iFlowers

f). Grandiflorv. LaMarrk.

F. j)aiiicula simplici, e- ranicle simple, erect ;

recta ; spiculis jjerpaucis. spikelets very lew, s:ene-
siihseptemfloi is ; floscu- | rally seven llow.^red ; flo-
lis acufis, distatitibus. | rets acute, distant.

Lam. illust. 1. p. 191. Pursh, 1 p. 84.

Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Frascr.

Large -Jlovcered Fetluca.

7. Unioloides. AVill
F. panicula contracta ;
spiculis compressis, octo-
floris, muticis ; foliorum
va2;inis apice barbatis.
AVilld. Hor. Bcrol.

Pursh, 1. p. 84.

Panicle contracted ;
spikelets compressed. 8
flowered, unawned ;

sbeatbs of tlie leaves
bearded at the summit.

Panicle nodding, expanding. Spikes oblon^-lancculate. Root fi.*
rrous. Pursh.
Gi-ows in Carolina. WUld. Purali.

i72

TBIANDRIA DIGYNlA*

8, Nutans.

F. panicula ramis se-
ciindis, nutantibus, sca-
bris ; spiculis ovatis,com-
pressis, subsexfloris ; flo-
ribus, acutis, muticis ;
foliis lineari-lanceoltttis.
Willd.

Panicle with branches
on one side, nodding, sca-
brous ; spikelets oVate,
compressed, generally 6
flowered ; flowers acutf^,
unawned ; leaves linear-
lanceolate.

Pursh, 1. p. 84.

Stem 2 — 3 feet hijrh, terete, glabrous. Leaveft long, glabroui,
strongly nerved ; stipules membranous. Flowers almos^t terete, much
longer than the calyx Exterior valve of the corolla concave ? 5
nerved, very acute.

Grows in Carolina. Pursh. My specimens are from Pennsylva-
Dia.

(Flowers July. Pursh. JSTodding Festuca.

BROMUS.

Calyx 2 valved. Spike-
let oblong, columnar,
distichous; with an awn
below the summit.

Panicle nodding ;
spikelets ovate, compres-
sed; glumes naked, dis-
tinct ; awns subulate,
short, straight.

Calyx 2-valvis. Spicu-
la oblonga, teres, dibticha ;
arista infra apicem.

1. Secalinus.

B. panicula nutante ;
spiculis ovatis, compres-
sis; glumis nudis, dis-
tinctis ; aristis subulatis,
brevioribus, rectis. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 4^8.

Pursh, 1. p. 85.

Root annual ? Stem 2 feet high, erect, columnar, glabrous, thick-
ened at the joints. Leaves 6 — 14 inches long, S — 4 lines wide, some-
vhat glabrous on the under surface, hairy on the upper and ciliate.
Tanicle oblong, erect, branching. Spikes on peduncles generally
5 — 10 lines long, oblong-ovate, 8 — 10 flowered, compact ; Horets large.
Valves of the cafy.r unequal, lanceolate, acute, unawned ; the interior
as large as the corolla. Exterior valve of the corolla ovate, emargi-
nate, 7 nerved, under a lens, pubescent, particularly along the midrib ;
awn very short, straight; the inner valve smaller, reflexed, with the
margins ciliate. The awn is said to be slightly reflexed when the
seed is mature.

From specimens sent from St John's, by Dr. Macbride.

ilowers July.

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

ira

». ClLTATr«5.

B. paniciila nutante ; Panicle nodding ;

foliis utrinque^ vai:;iiiis- leaves on both sides, and
que subpilosis ; f!;linnis the sheatiis hairy; 2;lame3
cihatis ; spiculis lineari- ciHatc ; spikelets linear-
lanceolati?, 8 — iO (loris. lanceolate, 8—10 llower*

cd.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 455. Pursh, 1. p. 85,

Jiuot perennial. Stpm slender. Panicle conspicuoiisW noddlnij,
(T^inii.) Spik-ps slender, nearly cylindrical. Valves of the cn/i/.r iiu-
e<|ual, verv acAjfe, but not awneil, pubescent. Valves of the cnrolla
unequal: exterior lanceolate, concave, pubescent, ciliate, with three
strong: double nerves and four obscure ones alternately arranged ;
awn nearly as lon:^ as the valve : the interior valve much smaller,
lanceolate, \vith tlie mar^jins reflexed, ciliate. Sfampiis 3. Anthers
yellow. -Stifles short. A^ectaries obovate, emarf^inate?

This is the B. ciliatu«,of Dr. Muhlenbur<;; but it may admit of some
«loubt whether it is the B. ciliatus, of Linnseus. Linnpeus remarks,
that the mar-jins, and not the back, are very hairy ; in this plant, the
back and margins are equally haiiy.

(irows in tlie mountains of Carolina. Found on the Oakmulgec, bj
pr. Baldwin.

Flowers May — Julj. Fringed Bromns.^

3. PCRGANS.

E. panicula nutante, j

crispa ; foliis utrinqiie

niidis ; vaginis villosis ;

glumis pilosis. Sp. pl.
431.

Panicle nodding ;
leaves naked ; sheaths
villous ; glumes hahy.

Root perennial. Stem erect, 1- — 2 feet liijjh columnar, glabrous.
Leave's & — 12 inches Ions;, 2 — 3 lines wide, scabrous, free from hair;
sheaths much longei than the joints, clothing the stem completely, ex-
tremely villous, with the hairs generally reflected ; stipules a hairy
membrane. Panicle diftuse, pe<luncles hairy, flexuous ; spikes lance-
olate, very acute, 4 — 6 flowered. Valves of the caly.r unequal, lan-
ceolate; the exterior very acute; the interior awned ; both hairy.
Kxterior valve of the corolla larger than the calyx, awned, near tlitf
summit hairy; the interior ciliate.

(irows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers July — September. Cathartic Bromus.

t7*

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA-

AVENA.

Cnhfx g valved, many
flowered. Awn dorsaly
contorted.

Flowers spiked ; calyx
longer than the six flow-
ered spikelets ; the exte-
rior petals awned, and
forked.

Calyx 2-valvis, multi-
florus. Arista dorsalis,
contorts.

1. Spicata.

A. spicata ; calycibus
spiculis sexfloris longiori-
bns ; petaSo exteriore a-
pice arlstato, furcatoque.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 453.

Pi;rsh, 1. p. 86.

A. glumosa, Mich. 1. p. 72.

Hoot perennial ? Stem 2 feet high, erect, columnar, somewhat gla-
brous, pubescent near the suminit. Leavps 2 — 4 inches long, subu-
late, acute, rather flat, glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent, al-
Kiost villous on the under ; sheaths villous, shorter than the joints,
bv'arded at tlie throat. P«>i<'c/g small ; branches simple; spikes ra-
cemose, on peduncles 2 — 6 lines long. Calyx 2 valved, generally
six-flowered ; valves longer tlian the spike, compressed, keeled ; the
keel finely serrulate ; margins membranous. Cofulla 2 valved ; exte-
rior valve lanceolate, compressed, very villous, the sides terminating in
t.o awns nearly as long as the valve, between M'hich arises a contort-
e I, spiral, dorsal awn twice as long as the valve; interior valve much
stnaller, lanceolate, finely frin<jed.

Grows in the upper districts of Georgia and Carolina, in high land.
Columbia county, Georgia.

Flowers April. Spike -flowered dvena.

2. PENNS^LTAN1CA.

A. panicula attenuata ;
calycil'us l)ifloris ; semi-
nibus villosis ; aristis ca-
lyce duplo
Sp. pi. 1. p. M5.

Pursh, 1. p. 85.

Grows in Carolina, Pursh.
Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin,
Flt>wers May — June.

longioribus.

Panicle slender ; calyx
two-flowered ; seeds vil-
lous ; the awn twice as
long as the calyx.

Found in the western districts of
Fennsylvanian Oat-Grass,

THIANDRIA DICYNIA.

17 J

ELEUSINi:.

Flmcrrs on ono ?i If^ of
the i-ii -hi-, i'uf'ii- 4 valv-
C(l,5— G llowered ; all the
llorcts Icrlile.

Stem croct ; panido
very long; spikes alter-
nate, liiiionn, Ion.:;; sj)ikc-
lets lilirorin, gencjally 3
llowcrcd.

F/orrs laterale?. Ca-
hf.r hivalvis, ^ — o llorus ;
tlures unines I'ertilcs.

1. Ml I RON AT A ? ^Mcll.

E? culnio ciecto; paii-
iciila pr.TlDUga ; spkis
alternis. iilifoi-Miihus, lt)n-
gis ; spiciilis lililbriuibus,
subtrill)i'is. E.

Mich. l.p. C,5. Puish, 1. p. 87.
E. filiturmis, Mulil. tat.

■^ Root annual .^ Stem 1 — ;3 feet lii'j;!), terete, {glabrous. Leaves 6 — T2
inches lon<;, 4 — 3 lines wide, sli;^litly scabrous; sheaths generally
l(»tii;er than the joints, hispid : sti|)ules ineinbrannus. short, bearded at
tue suinnut. Panicle 1 — -2 feet loni^. ISpikes 4 — J inches Ion.;. Ca-
/y.r, valves nearly equal, keeled, acute, the keel coloured, the uur-
l^ins membranous. Corolla 2 valved, valves uriefjual ; the exterior
longer, concave, not keeled, obtuse, hairy. Fitamt'tits 3. Jiithers
very pale purple. Stylf^i scarcely as lonj^ as the corolla. <>li>^iiuis
blender, dark purple, leathered.

The valves of the calyx are very acute, but I should not call them
mucronate. NVe have prol)ably more species than one w ith filiforu)
spikes. To t!ie E. indica this plant has so little ap[nirent allinitv , that
il will probably yet i)e separated from tliis genus.

(jrows in cultivated land ; nut rare.

Flowers July — October.

Spikes di2;itate, strai2;hf,
linear ; spikelets lanceo-
late, 5 fljwcretl ; stem
compressed,

2. IiVDICA.

E. spicis digitatis, stric-
tis, linearibus ; spicidis
lanceolatis, quinquefloris;
culnio compresso, dccli-
nato, glal)ro. E.

Mich. I. p. 64. Pursh, 1. p. 87.

Cynosurus Indicu?, Sp. pi. i. p. 417. "NN'alt. p. ;V2.

Root perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet hi^h, decumbent, shining; jointa
incrassate. leave's loii'jj, linear, the under surface smooth, ^laI»ron.. ;
the upper hairy, scabrous; bheatii* lou^j, hairy, coiupres&ed. tiyikes

glabrous.

declining.

17ft

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

S — 7, generally 5 ; 4 digitate, and 1 below. Spikelets 4 — 6 flowerftd^
(I have found them most commonly 5 flowered.) Calyx, valves un-
equal, acute, keeled ; keels scabrous. Corolla^ valves acute. Sta*
mens 3. Styles 2.

Grows in rich cultivated land very abundantly. It is a fine succu-
lent grass, and one of our best grasses for hay. It makes its appearance
BHich later in the spring than the crab-grass, but grows more luxu-
rlantly and vittorously.
Flowers June — October. Indian Eleusine, — Crow-foot Grass,

3. Cruciata. E.

E ? spicis quaternis, pa-
te ntibus, mucronatis ; spi-
culis subtrifloris ; calycis
\alvula exteriore aristata,
coroUse acutissima. E.

Spikes by fours,
expanding, nmcronate ;
spikelets generally 3
flowered ; the exterior
valve of the calyx av^ned^
of the corolla very acute.

Chloris mucronata, Mich. 1. p. 59.
Pursh, 1. p.

Moot annual. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, decumbent, finally assiir"
gent, geniculate, taking root at the joint, glabrous. Leaves distintly
alternate, narrow, 4 — 8 inches long, 2 — 3 lines wide, acute, slightly
undulate, hairy, ciliate ; sheaths scarcely half as long as the joints ;
stipules membranous. Spikes sometimes 2 — 3, but in vigorous plants
always 4 ; the rachis extends with an acute point almost half an inchi
beyond the spikelets ; spikelets 3 flowered, 2 fertile, the terminal
floret sterile, sometimes wanting ; florets diverging. Calyx 2 valved, ex-
terior valve ovate, keeled, emarginate, awned ; the interior small,
acute, unawned. Corolla 2 valved : the exterior valve keeled, witli
the keel serrulate, compressed, slightly recurved, acuminate ; the in-
terior valve smaller.
•Grows in cultivated ground; common.

Flowers July — October. Cross-spiked Eleusine*

MONOCERA.

JYor^slaterales. Calyx
3-valvis, multiflorus ; val-
\is sub apice aristatis.

Herm. Corolla bjval-
\is ; valvis insequalibus j

Flowers on one side of
the rachis. Calyx 3 val-
ved, many flowered ; the
valves awned below the
summit.

Herm. Corolla 2 val-
ved, unequal 5 the ex-

TIUANDRIA Dir.\NlA.

irr

exioriore sub apicc aris- terior valve awned be-
lata. low the suniniit.

Neiit. Carol iab\\sx\\y: Ncut. Corolla 2 valv-
valvis nuiiicis. | ed ; valves unawiied.

1. A UO VI A Tic A.

iE^ilftps anmiaticiim, Walt. p. 249.

Cliloris inonosUcliya, Mich. I. p. 59. Sp. pi. 4. p. 928. Pursh.

liont pt'ionnial. Stem 5 — 4 feet ))iy;li, coluiniiar, pubescent, slight*
h scabrous. Leaves 4 — 12 inches loiitc, 2 — t lines wide, glabrous on
tVe u!i(lor surface, the upper surface and niars;ins scabrous : slieaths
lialf as lun;i as the joints, scabrous, hairy at the throat. <b'///Afs (ernii-
nal. s<ditarv, secund ; spikelets in two rows. liachis naked at tlie
summit. Calyjt 3 valved, f) flowered : ^exterior valve (involucruffl ?)
lanceolate, acute, somewhat compressed, villous at base, with three
pron\inent nerves along the back, roughened with globular glands ;
from the centre of the back an awn half an inch long projects like a
horn: the two interior valv<.s lanceolate, crmpressed, with tlic mar-
gins villous, a d a straight, short awn nea the summit. Corolla 2
valved ; exterior valve similar to the interior valves of the calyx, but
gradua Iv diminishing; the interior valv(* smaller, acute, pubescent;
the terminal neutral floret 2 valved; vaUes small, unawned. Fila-
vients 3. ^'inthem white. Styles 2. shorter than the corolla. Stig-
mas plumose, purple. JSWtnvies 2, obovate. sliorter than tlie germ.

(irows in the op<'n ponds and savannahs of the pine barrens. Ve-
ry pungent to tlie taste.
" Flowers May — July. Tooth-ache Grass.

In this plant, us in the Eleusin? cruciata. and even indica, the ter-
minal florets are frecpientlv al)(»rtive : but they gradually diminish,
and ppearto have been sterile, because the spite had produced more
buds than t could mature. This occurs in most spike-I grasses, and in
many other plants : but these abortive flowers are very distinct from
the pedicelled neutral floret of the ('hloris. (1 speak of the C. petrsra).
Neither is there in this plant, nor in the E. cruciata. an\ thing in the
coridia resembling the concave, riijiil, cartilaginous, and almost horny
eoroUa of the Chloris j I have tliereforer einovcd tliem from tliat genus.

CIILORIS.

Flares u nil ate rales. Ca-
hjx l)ivalvis, 2 — 6 (lo-
rus ; flore aliero sessili,
hermaphrodito, altero
pediceliato, musculo.

Flowers on one side ol
the rachis. Calyx 2 — 6
flowered : one (lower
scs-ile, hermaphrodite,
one pcdiccilcd, male.

178

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Herm. Corolla bival-
\is ; valvula exteriore co-
riacea. Arista terniina-
lis. Stamina 3. Styli -z.
Semen 1.

Masc. Corolla iini s.
bivalvis, arislata. Stam-
ina 3, s. 0.

1. PjiTRiEA.

C. spicis quaternis,
(5.6-nis),stiictis, erectis ;
flosciilis imbricatis, sub-
glabiis, muticis ; valvula
exteriore calycis aristala ;
culmo compresso. Sp.
pi. 4. p. 924.

Mich. 1. p. 58. Pursh, 1. p. 87.

Moot perennial. Stem prostrate, branching, taking root at the
joints, geniculate, compressed, ascending. Leaves about 3 inch- .
long, obtuse, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, slightly channelled, with
the margins and keel serrulate ; sheaths longer than the joints, com-
pressed, with the back serrulate, coijtracted at the throat. Calyx 2
valved, 2 flowered, hermaphrodite and neuter ; exterior valve obo-
vate, emarginate, awned with a scabrous midrib ; interior smaller,
keeled, very acute. Corolla of the hermaphrodite jioiver 2 valved,
much larger than the calyx ; the exterior valve concave, rigid, carti-
laginous, dark brown, ciliate along the margins, the midrib termina-
ting in a s/zorf cicn ; the interior smaller, membranous, the margins
reflexed, both slightly emarginate ; the neutral floret on a short tliick
pedicel, one valved, concave, obtuse, pale brown, nerved along the
margin.

Grows in soils exposed to the influence of salt water.

Flowers June — August. Sea-side Chloris.

Herm. Corolla 2 valv-
ed ; the exterior valve
coriaceous. Jiwn ter-
minal. Stamens % Styles
2. Seed 1.

Masc. Corolla i — S
valved, awned. Stamens
3 or 0.

Spikes by fours, digi-
tate, straight, erect; flow-
ers imbiicate, glabrous,
unawned ; the exterior
valve of the calyx awn-
ed 5 stem compressed.

ROTTBOELLA.

Bachis articulata, tere-
tiuscula, in pluribus fili-
formis, Calyx ovato-lan-

Rachis jointed, some-
what terete, common-
ly filiform. Calyx ovate-

THIANDRIA DIGYNlA.

179

coolatiis. yiUiniis, imi vd
Mvalvj^j//// Tcl bijfonis.
FInsculi altcrni in ruclii
flcxuosa.

i. DlMiniATA ?

H. spica comprcssa, li-
neari, uni latcridora ; ca-
Ivce hivalvi, bifloro, llore
cxtcriorc masculo, intc-
riurc Iicnnaplirodito. E.

lanceolate, flat, 1 or 3
valvcd, 1 or Z llowered.
/'7<^;v'/5 alternate on a tiex-
uous racliis.

Spike compressed, li-
near, flowering on one
side ; calyx two valved,
two flowered, the exte-
rior floret male, the inte-
rior hermapiuodite.

Mich. 1. p 60.

Isclipeinum secumlatum ? Walt. p. 249.

Root perennial. Stems creeping, slightly compressed, branching,
glabrous, breaking easily at the joints. Leaves perennial, 4 — 10 inches
long, 2 — 3 lines wide, obtuse, very glabrous, compressed, serrulate
near the summit, frequently opposite ; slieuth compressed, smooth,
contracted at the throat ; stipules bearded. Spikes terminal, flat,
flowering on one side; Hoxvers alternate, sitting in depressions in the
margins of the rachis. Valves of the calyx unequal, the exterior much
shorter than the corolla, rounded : the interior lanceolate, concave,
as long as the corolla. V'alves of the corolla lanceolate, acute, the in-
terior a little shorter : both florets similar. A'ectaries 2, oblong, ob-
tuse, shorter than the germ. Anthers and stigmas yellowish. Heed
oval, flat on one side.

Grows near salt water in every soil.

Flowers through tlie whole sumujcr.

As the European botanists who have it in their power to asceiiain
the fact still consider this plant as the R. dimidata of Linnseus, I
have retained thf name adiling the note of doubt, and altered the
specific character to suit our plant ; but it has always appeared to me
more nearly allied to 11. compressa. The figure in La Marck's Il-
lustrations, t. 43. f. Lb. for U. compres^sa resembles our plant very
strongly.

ELYMUS.

Cah/x lateralis, hival-
vis, aggregatus, inultiflo.
nis.

Cah/x lateral, 2 valved,
aggregate, many flower-
ed.

J180

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Spike erect, i(|lkeleta
3 flowered, awned, gla-
l)rous, by pairs ; calyx
lanceolate, nerved, as long
as the spikes.

1. ViRGINICUS.

E. spica erecta,spiculis
tiifloris, aristatis, glabiis,
geniinatis; calycibus lan-
ceolatis nervosis spiculas
sequantibus, Willd. E-
num. 131.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 469.

Mich. I. p. 65.

E. Carolinianus, Walt. p. 82.

Pursh, 1. p. 89.

Eoot perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, erect columnar, glabroua.
Leaves 8 — 12 inches long, 2 — 3 lines wide, acute, scabrous ; sheaths
glabrous ; stipules very short or none. Calyx^ 2 valves to each spike of
florets, somewhat lateral, so that that the calyxes form a sort of invo-
lucrum around the inclosed spikes; valves lanceolate, thick, flexuous,
deeply striate, terminating in an awn about their own length. Corol'
la 2 valved ; the exterior lanceolate, concave, awned ; the interior
lanceolate, obtuse, serrulate, as long as the exterior valve excluding
the awn. The awn of the exterior floret longer than the awn of the
calyx ; the other gradually diminishing in length.

My specimens have generally 4 perfect florets besides 1 or 2 abor-
tive ones on each spike.

Grows generally in dry soils. At the Sister's Ferry, Savannah
river, on its margin.

Flowers June — August.

2. Striatus.

E. spica erecta, spicu-
lis bifloris. a istatis, liis-
pidis, geminatis ; calyci-
bus lineaiibus, nervosis,
aristatis, spiculis fere su
perantibus ; foliis vaginis-
que glabiis. Willd. E-
num. 131.

Spike erect ; spikelets
2 flowered, awned, bispid,
by pairs ; calyx linear,
nerved, awned, rather
longer than the spikes ;
leaves and sheaths gla-
brous.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 470.
Pursh, 1. p. 89.

Grows in the north-western districts of Georgia.
Fowers July— September.

Muhl.

TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

2di

3. KrROPF.1 s.

E. spicii CHM ta, s|)icu-
lis billoris aristalis, invo-
liicro l;cvi fpqualil)us.
l*ersoon, l. p. 107.

Sn. pi. I. p. 470.
Muhl. Cat. p. 14.

Very similar to tlie E. Virginicus, but differing by its smooth inrO'
lucrum. Liiiii.

Spike erect ; spikelets
2 flowered, awnetl, as
loni]; as the smooth iiivo-
lucrimi.

Spike erect ; spikelets
expurulinii;, destitute of
an iiivolucrum.

4. HVSTRIX.

E. spica erecta ; spicu-
lis patentibus involuiro
destitutis. Sp. pi. 1. p.
471.

Muhl. Cat. p. 14.

Spike composed of two spikelets at each tooth of the rachis,
Spikelets composed of 4 flowers with long awns. Jnvolucrum 0, but
in its place 2 callous bodies. Lion.

I have had no opportunity of comparing my specimens with others
of Uiis species from tlie eastern heinispliere : in ours the spikes are
erect, generally 3 flowered, and tlie corolla very smooth.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina, and in the country of the
Creeks, Ur. Baldwin.

Flowers June — August.

vwvw wv w> v^v w^^wvv^^v

TRIGlWLi.

PROSERPINACA.

Calyx 3-partitus, supe-
rus.

Corolla 0. Kut 3-locu-
laris.

i. Palustris.

p. foliis supcriorilnis | Upper leaves lanceo-
laiiceolatis. senalis, infe- } late, serrate, the lower

Cali/ic 3-parted, supe-
rior.

Corolla 0. A'w^ 3-caI-
j led.

183 TRIANDRIA TRTGYNiA,

rioribus pectinatis ; nucis | pectinate; angles of the
angulis aciitis. E. | nut acute.

Sp. pi. p. 492. Walt. p. 84. Mich. p. 76. Var. a. Pursh, 1. p. 92.

Root fibrous, perennial .'' Stem herbaceous, procumbent, assurgent,
branching, glabrous, columnar, generally coloured, (reddish or purple.)
Leaves alternate, sessile ; the lower frequently submersed, pectinate ;
the middle incised ; the upper acute, doubly serrate ; all glabrous.
flowers 1 — 3, axillary, nearly sessile. Calyx 3 leaved ? leaves lan-
ceolate, expanding, persistent. Filaments nearly the length of the
calyx, affixed to the summit of the germ, opposite to the leaves of
the calyx, alternating with the stigmas. Jinthers erect, at first
sessile. Germ inferior, 3 angled, angles very sharp, almost winged.
Styles 0. Stigmas 3, glandular, bright purple, expanding. Fruit a
JV'i<i 3 celled, not opening. Seed one in each cell, oblong.

Grows in ditches and shallow waters.
Flowers April.

2. Pectinata. La Marck.

P. foliis omnibus pec-
tinatis, nuce majore an-
gulis obtusis. E.

All the leaves pectinate.
Nut larger with obtuse
angles.

La Marck, Illust. 1. p. 214. Pursh 1 p. 92.
P. palustris, var. b. Mich. 1. p. 76.

Root perennial ? stem herbaceous, erect, sometimes procumbent,
2 — 8 inches high, rarely branching, angled near the summit. Leaves
alternate, glabrous, pectinate ; segments linear, acute, expanding.
Flowery 1 — 3, axillary, nearly sessile atigmas white. JVut 3 ang-
led, larj;er than in the preceding species with the angles obtuse.

Grows in shallow w ater, common around pine-barren ponds in Chat'
ham county, Georgia.

Flowers May — April.

POLYCARPON.

Calyx 5 leaved. Pe-
tals 5, very small, ovate.
Capsule 1 -celled, 3 val-
ved.

Calyx .5— phyllus. Pe-
tala 5, ndiiima, ovata.
Capsula 1 — locularis, tri-
valvis.

1. Tetraphyllum.

Sp. pi. 1 . p. 490.

jRooi somewhat fusiform, annual? Stem 2> — 6 inches high, ascend-
ing or erect, much branched, glabrous, striate, knotted. Leaues op-
posite and by fours, obovate, obtuse, entire, glabrous, narrowed at

TRTANnniA TRir.YNK.

188

base, 4 — 6 lines l()n<r, 2-3 wide. Stipules '2 — 4 or more at each
joint, inembraiiiius, ovate lanceolate, aciiininate. Flnwt'rswx ciryru-
bose panicles tt-r iniiial and lateral ; panicles dicliotonious with a tl(»\ver
in each <livisi(»n : peduncles 1 — 2 lines lonj:. Cnlif.v persistent, leave*
aciiminate, the keel |;reen, margins nieinhraiious : the tw«i extciior
leaves a little shorter. I'ctals tliree or lour times shorter t!'an the ca-
Ivx, finar-^inate, white, persistent. Fitamt'tits 3 longer than the co-
rolla, ^'inthers nearly j^lobose, yellow. Gfrm uperior, slijihtly 3
tn;;led. Style one .•* persistent, 3 cleft Slie;nias simple. Capsule
ovate, one celled. Seeds many, 6 — 10, nearly oval, attached bj
their bases to the marj^in of the valve.

I have never seen a flower with three distinct stvles.

Grows around Charleston abundantly, and was probably introduced
from .*^pain or I'oitujjal. <

Flowers May — June

For P. unijlurum of Walter, see Arenaria. •

MOLLUGO.

Calyx 5-pliyllus. Co-
rolla 0. Capsula 3-locu-
laris, 3-valvis.

1. Verticillata.

M. foliis verticillatis.
cuneirorniil)us, acutis ;
caulc siibdiviso, decum-
bente ; pcdunculis uiiillo-
ris. Sp. pi. 1. p. 41)5.

Walt. p. 83. Mich. 1. p. 77.

Calyx 5 leaved. Co-
rolla 0. Capsule 3 celledj
3 valved.

Leaves veilicillate,
wedge-shaped, acute ;
stem somewhat divided,
decumbent ; peduncles
1 flowered.

Pursh, 1. p. 92.

Ilout annual. Stem prostrate, branching, columnar, smooth. Leaves
■•essile, generally 6 in a whorl, glabrous. Floaters axillary, many
around each whorl; peduncles half an inch long, slender. Calyx ex-
panding, leaves lanceolate, acute, 3 nerved, with the margins mem-
branous. Filaments 3, lon;;er than the germ. Jintliers nearly round.
6rerm ovate, superior. Styles 3, short. .SVini-wuis recurved, plumose.
Capsule ovate, 3 furrowed. Seeds many, somewhat kiduey-shaped,
attached in two rows to a central receptacle in each cell.

Very common in cultivated ground.

FloM ers April — SJeptcmber.

LECHEA.

Calyx 3-phvlius. Pc-
tola 3. Capsula 3-locu-

Calyx 3 leaved. P<?-
tals 3. Capsule 3 celled.

184

TRTANDRIA TRfGYNIA.

fans; valvulis totidem
interioribus. Semen i m

3 valved, with as many
interior valves. Seed l
in each cell.

Radical branches pros-
trate, villous ; leaves lan-
ceolate, mucronate, hairy;
panicles small, flowers
clustered ; stem erect.

ioculo singulo.

i. VlLLOSA.

L. ramis radicalibus
prostratis, villosis ; foliis
lanceolans, mucronatis,
pilosis ; paniculis parvis,
iasciculatis ; caule erecto.
E.

L. major, Mich. 1. p. 76.
Walt p. 83.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet high, branching, slight-
ly scabrous, surrounded at base by branches 2 — 4 inclies long that trail
on the ground ; the radical and young stem branches covered with
white hairs, which are somewhat eftaced in the older ones. Leaves
©n the radical branches opposite, on the stem alternate, 5 — 8 lines
long, 3 — 4r wide. Flotvers in small clustered panicles at the termina-
tion of the branches. Bracteas, 2 leaves at tlie base of each calyx, li-
near-lanceolate, acute, hairy, persistent, reflexed during the time of
flowering, afterwards appresscd ; these appear to have been mistaken
by Walter and even Linnseus himself for the real calyx. Leaves
«f the calyx lanceolate, obtuse, hairy on the outside, persistent. Pe-
tals lanceolate, obtuse, flat, as long as. but narrower than the calyx,
deciduous. Filaments 6 — 1 2, longer than the corolla. Jlnthers 2 celled,
pink coloured. Gff rm superior, ovate. Styles 0. Stigmas ^ ^ ^\\xxt\o%&,
Seed 1 in each cell, oblong, angled at one side, acute at each end.

As the L. major of Linnseus is now understood to be the Cistus
Canadensis and not a Lechea, I have avoided the name to. prevent
confusion. This plant, if kept from running to seed, would probably
form a very neat edging for the beds of a flower garden ; the foliage
of the radical branches is very handsome during the winter, and the
§ize of the plant is well suited to such a purpose.

Grows in sandy soils, common.

Flowers July — August.

2. Racemulosa. Mich.

L. caule erecto ; foliis
iineari-lanceolatis, ciliatis;
paniculis elongatis ; flori-
bus solitariis, racemosis.
E.

,, Mich. 1. p. 77. Pursh, 1. p. 91.
L. minor, Wait. p. 83.

Stem erect ; leaves li-
near lanceolate, ciHate ;
panicles elongate; flowers
in racemes, solitary.

TRIANDRIA TRIOYNIA.

185

Perennial. 5f^m erect, 18 inches hi^li,wlion old jrlabrous. Leaves
small, narrow. Flowers ucArly sessile, forming raccuics at tlic ter»
mill tinn of each branch.

Grows in «lry soils.

Flowers through the summer.

Somewhat hairy; leaves
subulate linear; panicle
divaricate ; flowers soli-
tary, in raceines.

3. Tenuifoi.i^. Midi.

L. sparse pilosa ; fo-
liis suhulato-linearihus ;
panicula dis aricata ; flo-
ribus solitariis, raeemosis

Mich. 1. p. 77. Pursh, l.p. 91.
L. juncifolia ^ Walt. p. 83.

Plant small, shrubby. Stems decumbent and assurgent, branches
expanding. Capsules large when compared to the size of tlie plant
and the other species of this genus. Mich Bracteas wdnitin'^. \Valt»

Grows on the sand hills near the Santee river. Mich.

Flowers May — July.

Hoary, villous ; feaves
linear, acute ; panicle
long ; flowers in lateral
and terminal clusters.

4. TiiYMiFOLTA. Mich.

L. eano-viljosa ; foliis
linearii)us, acutis ; pani-
culis elongalis ; fluribus
fasciculatis, lateralibus
terininalibusque.

Mich. l.p. 77. Pursh, 1. p. 91.

Stem erect, rather rough. Panicle erect. Flotcers in leafy clus
ters, Mich.

Grows in arid soils.
Flowers May — August,

i86

TETBANDRIA MONOGYKIA.

■CLASS IV.

TETRANDRIA.

MOiN'OGTmA.

S2. CEPHAL\NTHUS.

83. ALLIONI\

84. HEDYOTIS

85 SPKRVlA JOCE.
i86. DIODIA
87. HOUSTONIA.
88 «\LIUM

89. RUBIA.

90. MITCHELL A.

91. CALLTCARPA.

92. LYCrU^.

93. POLYPRKMUM.

94. PLANT \GO.

95. CF.N TUNCULUS.

96. CENTAURELLA.

97. FR\SFRA.

98. S\NGUTSORBA.

99. CORNUS.

100. PIELKX.

101. LUnWTOLA.

102. AMMANNIA.

BIGYJv'M.

103. HAMAMKUS.

104. CUSCUTA.

TETRAGTJSflA.

105. S\GIN\.

106. POTAMOGETON.

VWVWVWWXiWWVVVWVW

CEPHALANTHUS.

Califx cbmnmnis o,
proprius superus, infun-
dibuliformis. Receptacu-
lum globosum, pilosum.
Capsula 4-locularis, iion
dehiscens. Semina soli-
'taria.

1. Occident ALis.

Common calyx 0, pro-
per superior, funnel-
shaped. Receptacle glo-
bose, hairy. Capsule 4
celled, not opening. Seed
solitary.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 543. Walt. p. 84. Mich. 1. p. 87. Pursh, 1. p. 114.

A shrub 6 — 15 feet high, the wood soft, spungy and pithy in the
centre, the baric rather smooth. Stem jointed, much branched, the
branches generally opposite. Leaves opposite and ternate, ovate-
lanceolate, slightly acuminate, very entire, the upper surface glabrous,
shining, the veins on the under surface pubescent, 4 — 5 inches long,
S — 2A wide ; petioles half an inch long, pubescent, slightly winged.
F owers axillary and terminal ; peduncles (common) 2 — 3 inches
long, pubescent. Calyx (proper) 1 leaved, angled, superior, 4 cleft,
the segments obtuse. Corolla 1 petal led, tubular, 4 times as long as
^e calyx, hairy within, white, the border 4 cleft, segments obtuse.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

i87

Filaments 4, very short, attached to the tube of the corolla at tlie
base of each fissure. ,1ntfwrii obi (iii;!;, sa;:;ittate, pale browci. Germ
atii^led. '^ylf filifonn, twice as ltui>; as the corullii. Sti>;ma capi*
tate. Capsule aii;;leil, inversely pyiainidal, 2? celled. Receptacle
globose, very hairy.

Orowi) in swamps, ponds and stagnant waters.

Flowers July. Button-wood.

The iiitiei bark of the root is an agreeable bitter, and frequently
used as a remedy in ubstinatu coughs.

ALLIONIA.

Cahf.v communis (in-
volucrum) ohlongus, sim-
plex trillorus, proprius ob-
solctus, supeius. Corol-
lidcc irregulares. Reap-
taciihuiL nudum.

1. Alb I DA. Walt.

A. foliis opposilis, oh-
longo-lanceolatis, sub-
scal)ris ; pedunculis op-
positis, sulitariis fascicu-
latisque ; inv olucro quiii-
quetido. E.

Common cahjx oblong,
simpk', 3 flowered ; pro-
per calyx obsolete, supe-
rior. Corolla
i^eceptade naked.

nregular.

Leaves opposite, ob-
long lanceolate, some-
what scabrous ; pedun-
cles opposite, solitary
and clustered ; iiivuiu-
crum 5 cleft.

Walt. p. 84. Pursh, 1. p. 97.

Root annual t Stem erect, 4 angled, furrowed, «prinkled with a
glandular pubescence, branches opposite. Leaves oblong, irregular,
lanceolate, ovate, sometimes slightly fiddle-shaped, scai)rous near the
margins ; common peduncles axillary, tlie lower ones generally soli-
tary, the upper in small clusters, perhaps becoming scditary by the
extension of the stem. Jnvolucrum at first deeply 5 cleft, hairy, cili-
ate, the incisions ? diminishing with a^e. Curnlla longer than the
jnvolucrum. Stamens twice as long as the corolla. Seed naked, obf
loiij, 5 — 6 anjjied, almost hispid.

Tfiis with tlie other plants in North America heretofore referred tO
Allioiiia are |)robably s|)ecii'» ofCalymenia.

(irows near Columbia, South-Carolina. Mr. Ilcrbemont.

Flowers in the spring.

HEDYOTIS.

Corolla i petal a, infun- | Corolla i petalled, ftin-
dibulilbrmLs. Capsulu S- | ncl-shapcd. Capsule •

188

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

celled, many seeded, in*
ferior.

Leaves lanceolate, ta-
pering at base, pubescent;
flowers in clusters, ses-
sile, axillary and terminal.

locularis, polysperma, in-
fera.

1. Glome RATA,
H. foliis lanceolatis, basi
attenuatis, pubescentibus;
floribus in capitulis, sub-
sessilibus, axillaribus ter-
minalibusque.

H. auiicularia, Walt p. 85.

Oldenlandia glomerata, Mich. 1. p. 83. Pursh, 1. p. 102.

Root perennial, somewhat stoloniferous. ■Utem procumbent assur-
gent, 12 — 18 inches long, columnar, pubescent, somewhat branched.
l.eaves opposite, entire, sessile, connected at base bj stipules which
have two long, subulate teeth and sometimes three short ones alter-
nating with them. Flowers in clusters forming whorls. Bracteas 1 — 3
at the base of each calyx, lacerate. Calyx 1 leaved, superior, persis-
tent, 4 parted, almost hispid. Corolla 1 petalled, deciduous, wliite,
shorter than the calyx ; tube very short ; border 4 cleft, rilaments 4,
very short, inserted into the tube of the corolla. Anthers nearly
globose. Gferms compressed, hispid. Style 0. /S^ftg-ma sessile, thick.
Capsule nearly globose, surrounded near the summit by the perma-
nent opening across the dissepiment. Seeds many in each cell, three
angled, blackish, attached to a central receptacle.

Very near to H. serpylloides of La Marck. This plant appears to
belong to the Hedyotis of Linnaeus where Walter originally placed it,
but I can scarcely discover any distinction between this genus and
Oldenlandia sufficiently strong to separate them. La Marck has
united them.

Grows in damp soils, common.

Flowers June — October.

SPERMACOCE.

Corolla i-petala,infundi-
buliibrniis. ISemina 2,
bidentata.

1. Tenuior.

S. glabra, foliis knceo-
tis ; staminibus inclusis ;
floribus verticillatis ; se-
minibus liirtis. Sp. pi. 1
p. 568.

Pursh, 1. p. 105.

Corolla 1 petalled, fun*
nel-shaped. iSeed s, two
toothed.

Glabrous; leaves lanceo-
late ; stamens included ;
flowers verticillatejseeds
hirsute.

TRTRANDBIA MONOGYNfA.

189

Swart/, remarks, tliat t'lis plant varies, with tl»i« stem glabrous and
puUoscent, htiai;;lit or bent, uiid \\itli Mowers in whorls or nearly soli-
tary. >warl/. Obs. 43.

Stem erect. Leaven scabrous on the upper surface. Pursh.

Grows in ihy gravelly situations, from Virginia to Carolina. Purslv

Flowers June — Auiiust.

S. BiODiNA. Mich.

S. liiisuta, culmo tcrc-
ti ; foliis liiicaii-lanceola-
tis ; floribus axilla rihiis,
scssilibus. staminibus iti-
clusis. E.

Hirsute ; stem terete ;
leaves linear-lanceolate ;
flowers axillary, sessile ;
stamens shorter than the
corolla.

Mich. 1. p. 82. Pursh, 1. p. 105 ?

Diodia teres i Walt. p. 87. Very near S villosa.

'R()ot aunual ? Stem procumbent, columnar, sometimes branching.
Leaves sessile, somewhat hairy, finely but sharpFy serrulate ; a sliort
sheath embracing the base of tiie loaves, crow ned with long setaceous
stipules. Flowers opposite, sometimes solitary, frequently clustered.
Calyx 4 leaved. Corolla lonj^er than the calyx, hairy, border 4 parted.
Filametita 4, shorter than the corolla. *inthers oblong, incumbent.
Germ inferior. Style as lonjj as the stamens, -^itigma tjl'»bose. Cap-
suIps ? 2 connate, hispid, crowned with the calvx Seed one in each
cansule, oblong, flattened on the inside, with tlie margins somewhat
inuexed.

Grows in dry, poor, sandy soils. Common.

Flowers July — .September.

3. Involucrata. Pursh.

S. hirsuta, foliis ova-
to lanceolatis acuminatis ;
stipulis niultisetis; ca-
pitulis terniinalibus, invo-
lucraiis ; slaminibus cx-
eitis.

Hirsute ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate ;
stipules manv hiistled ;
heads terminal, surround-
ed with an involucrum ;
stamens longer than tiie
corolla.

Pursh, 1. p. 105.

Stem about a foot high, very hispid. Leaves broad and somewhat
oblique. F/ojcfTs white, with a vei\ long lube. Pursh.
Collected in Carolina by Mr. Frat>er.
Flowers

lUO

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA*

DIODIA.

Corolla l-petala,infun.
dibuliformis. Capsula 2-
locularis, S-sperma.

Corolla 1 petalled, fun-
nel-shaped. Capsule 2
celled. JSeed i in each
cell.

i. Virginica.

D. glabra; caiilibuspro-
cumbentibiis, teretiuscu-
lis ; foliis lanceolalis ; co-
rollis intus glabriusculis ;
fructibus oblongis, gla-
biis. Pursh, 1. p. 105.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 580.

Stem smooth, purple, slender.
ers white.

Grows in damp soils from Virginia to Carolina. Pursh.
Mr. Herbemont.

Flowers thruug-h the summer.

Glabrous ; stem pro^
cum bent, nearly terete ;
leaves lanceolate ; corol-
la glabrous within ; fruit
oblong, glabrous.

Leaves narrow, lanceolate. Flow-

Columbia.

Stem procumbent,
somewhat angled, nearly
glabrous ; leaves cordate
ovate; stipules subulate.

2. Tetragona. Walt.

D. caule procumbente,
subangulato, glal^riuscu-
lo ; foliis cordato-ovatis,
stipulis subulatis. E.

Walt. p. 87".

D. Virginica, Mich. 1. p. 81.

B.oot perennial. Utem somewhat angled, prostrate, creeping, gla-
brous, succulent, hairy at the joints. Leaves oval, sometimes ovate,
opposite, sessile, connected by stipules ; stipules crowned with sub-
ulate, ciliate, segments. Flowers axillary generally solitary. Calyx
2 leaved, leaves subulate, persistent. Corolla white, hairy witliin.
JFruit oval, somewhat angled, composed of two connate capsules flat
on the inner side, and containing one seed each.

Grows in damp soils, very common.

Flowers May — October.

This genus is perhaps too closely allied to Spermacoce to be sepa-
rated from it.

TETRANnnlA MONOGYNIA.

191

3. lIinsi'TA. Pursli.

D. undiciiic hii-sutissi- [ Kvery part hirsute ;
ma; caiilc [)rocunihcntc; | stem procumbent ; leaves
loliis lanceolatis 5 stipulis [ Umceohite ; stipules iicar-
sul)seliiceis. E. | ly setaceous.

Pursh, 1. p. 106.

D. hispiila, iMuhl. Cat.

Very similar to the preceding species, perhaps only a variety. It
tlifters however in a stem generally more slender, leaves narrower,
exactly lanceolate, sec^nents ol'the stipules more setaceous, and the
whole plant remarkably hispid.

Grows in a damp soil two miles from Beaufort on the road t« the
ferry. Near Savannah. Pursh.

Flowers September — October and perhaps earlier.

HOUSTONIA.

Calyx 4-dcntatus. Co-
rolla ipetala, int'uiulibu-
liformis. Capsula S-lo-
cularis, semi-superus.

CaUfx 4 toothed. Co-
roTJa 1 pe tailed, funnel-
shaped. Capsule 2 cell-
ed, ^irt around the centre
by the calyx.

Plant very small ; stem
expanding, dichotomous ;
llowers solitary, termi-
nal.

t. Patens. E.

H. parvula, caule dicli-
otomo, patente ; flori-
bus solitariis, terminah-
bus. E.

H, Linnxi var. b. Mich. 1. p. 85.

11. ccerulea vav. minor, Pursli, 1. p. 106,

^oot annual. Stfin 1 — 2 inches high, erect, square, smooth, witli
angles scabrous, much divided, branches expandinj; e()ually,and form-
ins; a beautifully dichotomous stein. I^caves opposite, sessile, spatliu-
late-lanceolate, finely cili.ite, connected by stipules. i''Zoirers some-
times axillary ; peduncles square, arnioil in tiie middle uith two
scales, nodding before the flower expands. Calyx rather inferior,
se:;n»ents linear, erect, persisti-nt. Corolla lonjrer than the calyx,
purple, sometimes wliite, border expandini, 4 cleft. Filaments 4,
very short, inserted into the tube of the coiolla. Jtithrra oblonjj, 2
celled, yellow. G^rm ob-cordate. ^7^/^ much shorter than tl»c tube
of the corolla. Stijs^mas 2, thickened, acute. Capsule compressed,
furrowed, opening; transversely.

Grows ijenerally in tiie driest soil*, but sometimes found in damp
places.

Flowers February— March.

i93

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

2. CcERULEA.

r H. ere eta ; caule gra-
cili, subramoso; pedun-
culis solitariis, axillarihus,
elongatis, unifloris. E.

Erect ; stem slender,
somewhat branched ;
peduncles solitary, axil-
lary, very long, single
flowered.

106.

Sp. pi 1. p. 583. Pursh, 1 p.
H. Linnsei, Mich. 1. p. 84.
Anonymos erect. Walt. p. 86.

Boo^ perennial. Stem 4 — 6 inches high, erect, slender, square -j
brandies few, long,slender, appressed. Root /cares spathulate ; stem
leaves lanceolate. Flowers large for the size of the plant.

Grows alonu; the margins of swamps and rivulets. Common ia
the middle couatry of Carolina.

Flowers May — ^August.

It is not easy to point out a mark of specific difference between
this and the preceding species, yet many circumstances produce a
conviction that they are really distinct. The H. patens grows plen-
tifully in the driest pastures along the sea-coast, rarely exceeding two
inches in height, with its stem always dichotomous and expanding,
flowering in February and March. ItTs seldom seen after the first of
April. When ponds occur in dry pastures it is sometimes found on
their margins, but without any change of habit or appearance. The
H. ccerulea grows in bogs and swamps in the middle country, is al-
ways slender and erect ; it does not flower until May or June, and con-
tinues in bloom throughout the summer. Its corolla is at least three
times as large as that of the H patens, and the segments of its calyx
and stem leaves proportionally more slender.

3. LONGIFOLIA. Willd.

H. foliis angusto-lance-
olatis, utrinque attenua-
tis ; floribus corymbosis.

Sp. pi. 1. p
H. "

Leaves narrow-lanceo-
late, tapering at each ex-
treniity ; flowers in co-
rymbs.

jyiiius.
. pi. 1. p. 583.
angustifolia, Mich. 1. p. 84. Pursh, 1. p. 106.

Boot perennial. Stem 8 — 14 inches high, square, glabrous, branch-
ed ; branches near the extremity much divided, forming small co-
rymbs. Leaves sessile, nearly an inch long, rather narrow. Flowers
nearly sessile, frequently by threes, ^egments of the calyx linear.
Corolla 2 or 3 times longer than the calyx.

Grows in the middle and upper country in rich and shaded landsi

Flowers June — Augusts

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

198

Leaves ovate lanceo-
late, obtuse at base ; flow-
ers ill corymbs.

4. PuRPrREA.

H. tbliis ovato-lancoo-
latis, basi obtusis; lloribus
temuiialibus, corymbosis.

Sp. p . 1. p. 585. Pursh, 1. p. 167.
H. varians, Mich. 1. p. 86.
Iledvotis umbellata ? Walt. p. 85.

Rnot perennial. Stem erect, bra' cliing;, gjlabroui*, with anc^les ci*
liate, hairv at the joints. Leavt's sessile, ovate, broad, and iit a;eiie-
lal abruptly rounded at base, o-nerved, nerves and niart^ins pubes-
cent. i'VrHn'rs in terminal corymbs. fa/y.rslii;htly pubescent ; seg-
ments subulate, ci liate. Corolla purple.

Grows in the upper and middle countrj^ of Carolina and Georgia
in similar situations with the last.

flowers June — Auijust.

5 Serpyllifolia. Mich.

Procumbent, cespitosej
leaves spathulate, obtuse ;
peduncles terminal, soli-
tary, single flowered.

H. procumbens, cses-
pitosa; foliis spatliulatis,
obtusis; pedunculis ter-
minalibus, solitaiiis, uni-
fluiis.

Mich. 1. p. 85.

Root perennial. Sterna many from the same root, fdiform, some-
times creej)inu;. Leaves spatliulate, nearly petiolate. Peduncles very
long. Michaux.
Flowers May.

6. ROTUNDTFOETA. Micll.

If. repcns: foliis rotun-
dato-ovatis, abrupte peti-
olatis; pedunculis axilla-
nl)us, solitariis, unifloi is.

Creepin2;; leaves ovate,
nearly round, abruptly
narrowed at base ; pedun-
cles axillary, single flow-
ered.

Mich. 1. p. 85. Pursh 1. p. lOG.

Anon, procumbens, Walt. p. 8b.

Root perennial. Stem prostrate, taking root at the joints, glabrous.

leaves somewhat glabrous, thinly ciliate. Pfhtnclea 3 — 8 lines lonjj,

erect whde in flowt-r, afterwanlsnoddinir. Corolla hypocrateriforni,

white; tube three or four tunes as long as the calyx^ hairy within;

104

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA,

border 4 cleft, (sometimes 3 or 5) ; segments lanceolate, ^inthers
wttite. Germ superior, ovate. Style longer than the tube of the co-
l-olla, 2 cleft. Stigmas simple, acute, reflexed. Capsule emarr
ginate.

Grows in dry soils in the vicinity of the ocean.
Flowers all the year whenever the weather is mild.

GALIUM.

Corolla l-petala, pla-
na. 8emina 2, subio-
tiinda.

* Fructu glabra.

1. TlMFlOUM.

G. caiile procurnbente,
scabro ; foliis siibquatei--
nis, ovalibus, basi cune-
atis ; corollis plerumque
trilitlis.

86.

Corolla i pptalled, flat.
Seeds 2, ncaily round.

* Fruit smooth.

Stem procumbent, sca-
brous; leaves generally
by fours, oval, weds:e-
sliaped at base ; corolla
generally 3 cleft.

Pui-sh, 1. p. 103.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 585. Walt. p.
G. Claytoni ? Mich. 1. p. 78.

Itont perennial ^ Stem procumbent and assurgent, much branched,
square, wit'u the anti;les retrorsely aculeate. Leaves 3 — 6 in a whorl,
oval, obtuse, tlie upper ones linear, with the margin and midrib re-
trorsely aculeate. Flowers axillary, 1 — 3 to each whorl. Corolla
white, tube very short ; border very frequently 3 parted ; segments
somewhat acute. Filaments 4, (when the corolla is 3 cleft, only 3,)
half the length of the corolla. Jintherb erect, 2 celled, greenish yel-
low. Germ inferior, twin. iS7?//<' short, 2 cleft, surrounded at base
with a 2 cleft gland. Stigmas capitate. Fruit purple.

Leaves generally 6 in a whorl on the old stalks but 3, 4, 5 on the
younger branches.

Grows in damp and wet soils. '

Flowers April — July.

2. Latifolium. Mich.

G. caule erecto, Ifevi ;
foliis quateruis, ovalibus,
acutis, membranacei^,
margiiie hispidulis ; ped-
unculis divaricatis, laxe
multifloris. Mich. i. p.
79.

Pursh; 1. p. 102.

Stem erect, smooth ;
leaves by fouis, oval,
acute, membranous, the
margins somewliat his-
pid ; peduncles divaricate,
loosely many flowered.

TETRANOniA MONOr.YNl.t.

iO&

Lfnves narrowed at l»aso, flat, 3 lu-rvetl, 1 — '2 inrhe<5 lone, whorls
Ji->taiit. Flowfi-s purple. I'fduncles oppusitc. Fruit lar^^e, one
.need fro<|m'iitly al><»rti\i'. Mich.

(iruws ill t''t iiiouiitaiiis ul Carolina.

Flowers June — July.

3. Uniflorimi. Mich

G. ciuile assurn;cnte,

];ovi; fuliis suhquutcmis,

iinoarihus. iicutis, revolii-

tis ; pcdiiiiculis plcriini-

sulitariis, unifloiis.

Stem assurf>;rnt. «mont]i ;
leaves generally by lours,
linear, acute, re volute ;
()etlun(les generally soli-
tary, 1 llowcred.

f|UC

E.

Mich. 1. p. 79. Pursh 1. p. 102.

Hoot creepini;, perennial. Stem about a foot hijjh, square, ?inootli,
spariiii^ly branched. Leaves "oiierallv by fours^ linear, lanceolate,
somewhat scabrous, slightly ciiiate. Feduncles sometimes opposite,
and sonietinies, (thouj;h raiely) 2 flowered, half as long as the leaves,
and generally furnished near tiie middle with a whorl of small leaflets.
Corutla nearly white. Fruit dark purple.

Grows in rich, shaded, high grounds, 5 miles from Charleston.

Flowers May — July.

■'■ ^ FniU scabrous.

Stem procinnl)cnt, pu-
bescent, nuicli branched ;
leaves by lours, lancco"
late, dotted, scabrous.

** Fructu scahvo, \

4. HispiiiULUM. Micli.
G. caulc procumbcnte,

puhescente, rainosissinio ;
loliis quaterril-j, lanceola-
tis, purictatis, scabris.

Mich. 1. p 79.

G. hispidum, Purah, I. p. 104.

Root creeping, somewhat jointed, perennial, saftVon coloured.
Stem square, rough, pubescent, or rather sprinkled with short rij:id
hairs. L^rtivs sonu'what hispid, with similar I air Flo- era axillaiy
and ttMininal ; peduncles longer than t'le leaves, sometimes one flo'v-
ered, frecjuently compound. Corolla white, hairy ; seiiments acuni-
iiate. Anthers yellow. Fruit purple, roughened v.ith short rigid
hairs.

Grows in dry, sandy soils, very abundantly, particularly near the
ocean.

Flowers May— Oct«»ber.

I have found in shaded plaros near Cliarleston a variety with f!'0
itemsmooiii, e\cept die young brauche?, wliisb were ictrurscly ciliatcj

196

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNlA.

the leaves a little hairy along the revolute margins ; the fruit very
smooth to the naked eye, but shewing a few hairs under a lens ; but in
habit, and all other characters resembling this species too much to be
separated. This is probably the G. Bermudense, Walt.

*** Fruit hispid.

Leaves by fours, ovate,
obtuse ; branches very
much divided ; flowers
Justered, somewhat pan-
iculate.

Pursh, 1. p. 104.

Root perennial. Stem erect, square, smooth. Young leaves nearly
linear ; old ones ovate, 3 nerved, rather obtuse. Peduncles towards
the extremities of the branches opposite, and so much compounded as
to give the flowers the appearance of a crowded panicle. Segments of
the corolla lanceolate. Fruit hispid, with hooked hairs.

If this be the real G. Bermudense of Linnfeus, the leaves should be
described as ovate and 3 nerved, instead of linear.

I have inserted this plant on the authority of Dr. Muhlenberg. My
specimens are from Pennsylvania.

*** Fructu hispido,
5. Bkrmuuianum.
G. foliis quateinis, ova-
lis, obtusis ; ram is ramo-
sissimis ; floribus sub-
paniculatis.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 596.

6. PiLOSUM.

G. caule erecto vel pro-
cumbente ; foliis quater-
nis, ovalibus, pilosis ; ped-
unculis dichotomis ; co-
rollis purpureis. E.

Stem erect or procum-
bent ; leaves by fours,
oval, hairy ; peduncles
dichotomous ; corolla
purple.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 599. Pursh, 1. p. 104.
G. puncticulosum, Mich. 1 p.
G. purpureum, Walt. p. 87.

Soot perennial. Stem square, scabrous ; angles hairy ; branches
axillary, alternate, expanding. Leaves sometimes mucronate, very
entire, ciliate, sprinkled with short hairs, the upper surface roughen-
ed by small vessels. Flowers axillary, > pposite and terminal, solitary
and by threes, generally dichotomous. Segments of the coro^/a acute.
Anthers yellow. Stigmas capitate. Fruit hispid with white, hooked
(hamose), hairs.

Grows in shady places, generally in dry soils.

Flowers May-^September.

TETRANDRIA MONOCYNIA.

IttT

Stems procumbent, p;la-
brous ; k'uves oval lan-
ceolate, nmcronate, ?;Ia.
brous ; ilowering branch-
es lonj»;, 3 Howered at tlie
summit ; IVuit small, his-
pid.

y. Trifi.oium. Mich.

(f. caulil)us prociim-
bentibus, i^iabnusculis ;
foliis ovali lanceolatis,
nuicronatis, glabris ; la-
nuilis lloriferis elorigatis,
apicc trifloiis ; iVuctibiis
parvis, bispidis. Mich.
1. p. 80.

Pursh, 1. p. 104.

iS7<»»it slightly hispid just bene ath each Mhorl. Leaves 4 — 6, smooth,
umler a lens shewini;; some iiairs along the margins. Flowers white,
very small, on short pe<luncles.

Grows in shaded, rockj- places, from Pennsjlvania to Carolina.
I'ursh.

Flowers July.

I have not seen this species in the Southern States. Michaux speaks
trf it as a Canadian plant. For my specimens 1 am indebted to Dr.
Bigelow, of Boston.

8. CuspinATUM. Mubl. Cat.

G. caule prostrato, gla-
bro ; foliis subsenis, lan-
ceolatis,acuminatis. pauce
ciliatis ; pediincidis Irili-
dis ; corolla? laciniis acu-
niinatis. E.

Root creeping .'' perennial. Stem -weak, generally prostrate, rather
smooth, the anj^les sparingly aculeate. Leaves much attenuated at
base, and very acutely pointed at tlie sumn)it, sprinkled witli hairs;
the peduncles generally trichotomuus at point, afterwards dichoto-
nious. Corolla nearly white. Fruit villous, thickly clothed witli
white hooked hairs.

Grows in damp, shaded soils.

Flowers June — Aujjust.

Stem prostrate, gla-
brous ; leaves by sixes,
lanceolate, acuminate,
slightly ciliate; peduncles
trilid ; segnients of the
corolla acuminate.

IK CiRCiEZANS. Mich.

G. caule erecto, glabro ;
foliis quaternis, ovatis ;
pedunculLs brevibus, di-

Stem erect, glabrous ;
leaves by fours, ovate ;
peduncles short, divari-

d98

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNrA,

varicatis ; floiihus alter-
ms ; friictu nutante. E,

cate ; flowers alternate j
fruit noddino;.

Ttont perennial. Stem erect, sparingly branclied. very slightly
-scabrous. Leaves by fours, ovate, obtuse, 3 neived, ciliate ; branches
expanding Flowers generally solitary Peduncles very short.
Fruit when nearly mature noddin^^, hispid, with hooked hairs.

Grows in shafted and moderately rich soils, five miles from Savau-
nah, on the Augusta road ; also on Charleston neck.

Flowers June — August,

RUBIA.

Corolla campanulata.
Baccce ;2, monospermse.

Brownei. Mich.

R. liispida ; foliis qua-
ternis, ovalibus ; pedun-
culis solitai'iis, uiiiiioris ;
caule decumbente.

Mich. 1. p. 81. Pursh, 1. p. 102.
R. peregrina, Walt. p. 86.

Flowers yellow. Berries purple, smooth. Pursh.

This is still to me, as to Pursh, an obscure plant. The botanist*}
who have attempted to point it out to me, have all shewn me different
»pecies of Galium, generally the G. trifiduni. or pilosum.

Clrows in shady woods, Carolina to Florida. Pursh.

Corolla campaniilate.
Berries 2, single seeded,

TTispid ; leaves by fours,
oval ; peduncles solitary,
single flowered 5 stem de-
cumbent.

MITCHELLA.

CoroUce l petalse, supe-
ra3, binse eidem germini.
Stigma 4-fidum. Bacca
didyma, 4 sperma.

1. Repens.

Corollas i petalled. su-
perior, in paiis upon the
same germ. 8tigma 4
cleft. Berry twin, 4
seeded.

Sp. pi. l.p. 617. Walt. p. 85. Mich. 1. p. 86. Pursh, 1. p. 101,

A small tender prostrate evergreen. Hem creeping among the dried
leaves of trees, in rich moist soils, taking root at the joints, branching-.

TETRANDRIA MONOGTMA.

199

SlaWroiis. Lfax'es ovale, sunu'timcs nearly roi(J<ite, entire, {jlaliroiis,
ark u;recn varit'i^ated witli milky veins. Pfdmice'i axillary, rtolitary,
vorv sliort, beariti:; a double y;erni. ^'oro /rt white, very liairy on tlie.
insiilc, verv fraj;rant. iterries red, eatable but iiisl|iiil.
(iniws in ric'i moist soils, under the shade of tre^-s.
Flowers Noven»i)er — April. I'artrid^e Berry.

An it)t'iiHii)n nl" the sfeins and leaves is a popular remedy in dysury.
Ti>e diuretic elllct is bv uo means ;;rcat.

CALLICAUPA.

CaJjj

Cnhjx 4 cleft. Corolla
4 cleft. i?67T7/ 4 seeded.

leaves serrate, tonicn-
tose underneath.

'r i-fi'lns. Corolla
4-tiiIa. JJacca 4-spernui.

1. Americana.

C. foliis serratis, suhtiis
tomentosis. Sp. pi. i. \).

A shrub 3 — 4 feet hii;li, bcarinc; many stems of equal height ; the
old wood :;labrous, the y<»unu; branches tomeiitose, the hair whicli
clotlie them and every j)art of the plant is collected in star like fasci-
cles. Lt'avea oppo-iite, lancenlate, obtusely dentate, ru;;()se, oit
the upj)er surlace s.jmewhat scabrous and hairy, on tlie under to-
nientose. Petioles about an inch lonj^, sprinkled as well as the stem
Mith resinous att»ms. i'YoHvrs in sh<»rt axillary clusters (cvmcs). fed-
uncles very short, dichotonuKis. ( aly.v small, persistent, tomentose,
4 toothed, teeth small, erect. Corolla 1 petallfd, twice as lon^ as the
calvx, purple ; se;^inents ()btusc. Filnmcnts lon;i;er than the ccuolla,
inserted into its ba>e. »i)ifltrr>i 2 celled, vellow. Germ superior, ;;lo-
bose. Style longer than the stamens, thickened above. Stt:^-uta
Capitate, nearly 2 lobed. /''ruit a juicy, pur|)le. round berrv, 4 celled,
sprinkled when yount; with glandular iifoins. 'J'he fruit eatable,
sweet at first, but pungent and aslringtut afterwards.

Grows in light soils, very common.

Flowers May — July. French J>Iulberry.

LYCIUM.

Corolla tubulo^a, faiice
clausa lilainenloruin bar-
ba. Ih/cca <3-luculaii.-<,
polysperina.

Corolla tu])iilar, the
ihiual closed with the
beard of ilie lilamciits.
Ihrnj ^ CLlled, luaoy
. seeded.

SJOO TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

1. Caroltnianum. Walt.

L. inerme ; foliis fasci-
culatis, anguste cuneatis,
carnosis ; floribus quadri-
fidis, tetrandris. E.

Unarmed ; leaves clus-
tered, narrowly wedge-
shaped, fleshy ; flowers
4 cleft, tetrandrous.

Walt. p. 84. Mich. 1. p. 95. Pursli, 1. p. 97.

A shrub 3 — 5 feet high, with lon», slender simple branches. leaves
sessile, in small clusters, glabrous, nearly linear, but manifestly wedge-
shaped. J't-wers solitary, axillary. Pedunc/<?s about half as long as
the leaves. Calyx short, somewhat campanulate, 4 toothed. Corolla
tubular, rather deeply 4 cleft, of a silver colour. Stamens as long as
the corolla. Berry red.

I have never seen this plant in its native state, where it is said to
be of very humble growth.

Found by Mr. Wm. Bartram, in the saline rushy marshes of Caro-
lina.

Flowers nearly through the whole summer.

Johnny Bartram.

POLYPREMUM.

Calyx 4-phyllus. Co-
rolla 4.-fida, rotata, fauce
barbata. Stamina inclu-
sa. Capsula conipressa,
bilocularis.

Calyx 4 leaved. Co-
rolla 4 cleft, rotate, with
the throat bearded. Sta-
mens included. Capsule
compressed, 2 celled.

1. Procumbens.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 623. Walt. p. 85. Mich. 1. p. 82, Pursh, l.p. 99.

Hoot perennial ? somewhat fusiform, cespitose. Stem herbaceous,
erect or procumbent, 6 — 12 inches high, nearly columnar, furrow-
ed, the margins of the furrows sharply serrulate ; towards the
summit dichotomous. Leaven opposite, linear, sessile, finely ser-
rulate, slightly decurrent, and connected at base by a membrane
resembling a stipule. Flowers sessile, terminal and in the divi-
sion of the branches. Bracteoe? 2 or 4 surrounding the base of the
ca yx, exactly similar to the leaves. Calyx one ? leaved, persistent,
4 parted, segments subulate, acute, serrulate. Corolla tubular, white,
as long as uie calyx, the throat closed with hair ; border 4 parted ;
segments oval. Filaments 4, inserted into the tube of the corolla, very
short. Anthers 2 celled, yellow. Germ surrounded at base by the
calyx, above free. Style slender, as long as the corolla. Capsule
ovate, compressed. 2 furrowed, nearly acute, pointed by the persistent
style. Seeds angular, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in pastures, very common.

Flowers May — September.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

I80i

PLANTAGO.

Calj/.v 4 cleft. Corol-
la 4 cleft, witli the border
reflected. Stamens very
long. Capsule S celled^
circumscissed.

Leaves ovate, glabrous ;
scape columnar ; spike
witli the flowers imbri-
cate.

Cahjx 4" fid us . Carol'
)a 4-fula, limbo reflcxo.
Stamina longissima. Cap-
siila 2 locularis, circum-
scissa.

i. Major.

P. foliis ovatis, glabris ;
scapo tereti ; spica flos-
culis imbricatis, Sp. pi.
1. p. 641.

Pursh, 1. p. 98.

fioof perennial. Stem 0. /^cares all radical, coarsely ami remote*
ly toothed, b nerved, with 2 obscure ones near the margin, slightly
pubescent, abrubtly narrowed at base into a concave, nervose, pubes-
cent petiole 4 — 5 inches lon<;. Scape about afoot lono;, columnar, pu-
bescent, axillary or interfoliaceous. Bractea a leaf, ovate, obtuse,
glabrous, half as long as the calyx, at the base of each flower. Calyx
persistent ; segments lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla persistent,
tube as long as the calyx, a little ventricose ; segments acute, expanding.
Filaments twice as long as the corolla, into which they arc inserted
near the summit of the tube. Anthers incumbent, sagittate. Germ
superior, oval. Style a little shorter than the stamens. Stigma sim-
ple. Capsule 2 celled, the upper half dropping oft' Wheri the seeds are
mature.

Grows in moist soils, preferring rich ones. Originally from Eu-
rope, now perfectly naturalised. Found by Dr. Macbride in tlie deerf
uncleared swamps along the Sautee river. »

Flowdrs through the sumnier.

8. VlRGTNICA.

P. foliis lanceolatis, o-
vatis, piibcscentibus, sub-
denticulatis ; spicis flori-
bus rcmotis ; scapo tcrcti.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 643.

Mich. 1. p. 94. Pursh, l.p. 98.
P. Carolinian^? Walt. p. 84.

AS

Leaves lanceolate, o-
vatc, pubescent, sparingly
tootbcd ; spike witb flow-
ers remote ; scape co-
lumnar.

202 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Boot annual ? Leaves spathulate lanceolate, 5 nerved, 2 of them'
obscure, mari^inal. Spikes 1 — 4 inches loivg, flowers at first crowded,
afterwards by the elongation of the scape distant, Bracten lanceo-
late, longer than the calyx. Scape hairy, almost hispid. Corolla j^rey.
This species varies much in size, and the pubescence is generally hoary.

I suspect this plant to be the P. Caroliniaiia of Walter ; and hi*
Virginica, the interrupta of I. a Marck. Both species grow abundant-
ly in the neighborhood of water, and tliis w hea young has its fiowers-
Tery much crowded.

Grows in pastures and fields. Very common.

Flowers March — April.

Leaves lanceolate ;
spike somewhat ovate,
naked ; scape angled.

3. Lanceolata.
P. foliis lanceolatis ;

spica subovata, niida ;
scapo angulato. Sp, pi.
1. p. 643.

Pursh, 1. p. 98.

Root perennial. Leaves 6 — 12 inches long, 1 — 1^ wide, tapering
towards each extremity. 5 nerved, s])aiinglY toothed, a little hairy,-
particularly along the nerveis on the under surface, ^cape 1 — 2 feet
nigh, a little hairy ; flowers in a very compact spike. liractea ovate,
abruptly acuminate, as long as the calyx.

Grows generally in light soils. Originally from Europe, now natu-
ralized.

By the inhabitants of the Milanese this is considered as one of the
most valuable plants, which enrich their meadows, and give such high
reputation to the products of their dairies.

Pursh seems to suppose that this plant from its acuminate bracteas
vill be found distinct from the P. lanceolata of Europe. In the
Southern States, however, it has every mark of an exotic plant, and is
found only around settlements.

Grows in all soils which are not inundated. Appears to flourish
even in our driest sands. Around Charleston and Savannah now-
common.

Flowers May — July, and occasionally through the summer.

4. Interrupta. La Marck.

P. foliis lanceolatis^ in-
tegerrimis, villosinsculis ;
spica longa, gracili, in-
terrupta ; floribus gla-
bris.

Leaves lanceolate, en-
tire, hairy ; spike long,
s!er)dec ; flowers scat-
tered, glabrous.

La Marck. Encyc. 5. p. 375. Pursh, 1. p. 99.

P. sparsiflora, Mich. I. p. 94.

P. Virginica.P Walt. p. 85.

P. Caroliniana ? Pursh, 1. p. 98.

TETRANDUIA MONOGYNIA.

COS

Perennial- Lfavps jicncrally lonj. itarrow, lancoolatr, 3—5 rorv-
f(l, roet'iblin;^ much those of tlie \*. laiiceoluta. JScnpe long, puk-s-
cent near the base. Flatters scaftoroil, sometimes solitary, some-
times, particularly near the summit, in siiiail clusters, t^labrous.

This species is ;;cnerally pube:<ceiit, but in open pastures it ig some*
times nearly glabrous ; the leaves may occasionally be fttund o\'ate-
lanceolate, as described by La Marck, but this is not ihcir gential
■character.

(-irous in the moist nine barrens of St. Stephens, South CaroUiia.
Aery abundantly. St. Nlary's, Geortjia. Dr. Ualdwin.

Fluwcis all summer.

CENTUXCULLS.

0////.r4.ri(lius. Corol-
la 4-ti(la, j)atcns. Sfami-
na ln't'viii. Capsula 1-
loculuiis, circuiMscissa.

Coltfx 4 cleft. Cornl
/rt 4clcrt,expan(lingc. Std'-
mens slioi't. CajmiU i
celled, circiuijscissed.

i. Lanceolatus. Mich.

Leaves lanceolate, oval
and obovate, acute ; fhnv.
ers axillary, sessile ; slejii
prostrate.

C. foliis lato-lanceola-
tis, ovalibas ol)ovati^que,
acutis; floribus axillaii-
bus, sessilibus ; caule
prostrato. E.

Mich. 1. p.

Aoof annual, fibrous. Stem branched, prostrate, creeping; fhe ex-
tremities assur;^ent, 2 — 3 inches long, glabrous. Leaves al*''i naf*',
very acute, glabrous, nairowed at tlie base, slightly deciinent I'lnw
?rs S(ditary. Calyx 1 leaved, p»>rRistent ; se„meiit8 lanceolate, *'
as lon'^ a^ t!ic tube. CurUa 1 petalled, a little longer ti'an the c. ,

f>ersistent, tlie tube closely attached to the uerm ; st^.it'jnts acute,
ontcer than the tube. Filaments 4, trai.spaien*, i<
corolla between tiio segments. Anther.'^ erect, C \<j i
superior, globose. iShjle as long as the stamens.
t'ise. 6'a;;>M/? globose, 1 celled. (SVfrfv ma i > .

roughened like shagreen, placed near tiie cir-

a central receptacle.

As tlie editor of Micliaux, with specimens hiTo; ■
this plant as distinct from C. minimus, 1 iiave n<it «
can perceive no ditt'erence between our plant af.>J t :■
niinimus in the Encyclopedic Mcih. exception t i.k t
Marck's fuure are all acrimiiiate, ami in ours t'u

Grows aljundantly in t .e pastures at Vali'OmJiv

Flowers Fc'bruojv— March.

-'ed in*i

004

VtBTRANDlllA MONOCYNIA,

CENTAURELLA. Mich.

Calyx 4-phyllus ? Co-
rolla subcampanulata, 4-
fida. Capsula i-locularis,
S-valvis, calyce corolla-
que persistenteinvolucra-
ta.

1. Verna. Mich.

C. caule simplici, pauci-

floro, (1 — 3) ; corollis

calyce triplo longioribus ;

stylo germensBquante. E.

Mich. 1. p. 98.

Calyx 4 leaved. Co-
rolla nearly campanulate,

4 cleft. Capsule l celled,

5 valved, clothed with
the persistent calyx and
coroUa.

Stem simple, few flower-
ed (i — 3) ; corolla thrice
as long as the calyx ;
style as long as the germ.

Hoot annual ? composed of very slender fibres. Stem 4 — 8 inches
bigh, somewhat square, tender, glabrous, furnished near the summit
■*vith a few opposite branches. Leaves very few, resembling scales,
scarcely 1 line in length, nearly but not exactly opposite. Flowers
terminal ; peduncles i — 2 inches long, resembling the stem. Calyx
persistent, deeply 4 cleft, glabrous ; segments lanceolate, expanding^
Corolla 1 petalled, white ; segments oblong lanceolate, persistent.
Filaments 4, (sometimes more) half as long as tlie corolla, inserted into
its tube, and expanding through the fissures. ^Anthers incumbent, 2
celled, yellow. Germ superior, oblong, oval. Style persistent. Stigma
thickened, obtuse, 2 cleft, depuirent. Capsule oblong, 1 celled, 2 valv-
ed. Seeds very numerous.

Grows in boggy and damp soils, in the vicinity of the ocean. Very
common in Chatham county, Georgia. The young or feeble planta
:fcequently produce only a terminal flower.

Flowers February — April.

S. Paniculata. Mich.

C. floribus paniculatis ;
corollis calycem sequanti-
bus ; stylo brevissimo. E.

Flowers in panicles ;
corolla as long as the
calyx J style very short.

Mich. 1. p. 98.

C. autumnalis, Pursh, 1. p. 100.

Sagina Virginica, Sp. pi. 1. p. 719.

Moot annual. Stem 1 foot high, square ; branches brachiate.
Itgaifes minute; subulate, alternate near the root, nearly opposite to-

TETRANDRI-V MONOGYNIA.

S05

wards the summit. Floicers in a brachiatc panicle. Calyx 4 leaved, the
two outer decurrent. Corolla 4 clett ; segments acute, not longeJ
than the calyx. Stifle very sliort. Stigma obtuse.

In the preccdinj; species the calyx appears* deeply 4 parted, in this
distinctly 4 leaved.

Grows in ditches and damp ground. To mc not flo'iommon as the
former species.

Flowers July — August,

FRASERA.

Caltjx 4 parted. Co-
rolla 4 parted, bearing a
nectary. Capsule i cell-

ed, 2 valved.
pressed

margined.

Seed com-

Calyx 4 -partitas. Co-
rolla 4-parlita, nectari-
fera. Cupsula l-locula-
ris, 2-valvis. Semina
compressa, nmrgiiuita.

1. Walteri. Mich.

Mich. 1. p. or.

F. Caroliuicnsis, AValt. p. 88.

Root large, perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, 0 — 8 feet hii^h, nearly-
square, furrowed, branching. Leaves glabrous, generally verticillate,
sometimes opposite ; the lower leaves oblong lanceolate, entire,
membranous, delicately veined, 6—8 inches long, C — 3 wide ; upper
leaves narrow lanceolate, small. Flowers verticillate, pedun-
cles 1 — 3 inches lon^, 1 flowered. Segments of the calyx lanceolate,
shorter than the cniolla. Segments ot the corolla lanceolate, near the
centre of each a circular gland beautifully fringed. Filaments 4, shorter
than the corolla, attached to the base, and alternating with the seg-
ments of the corolla, ^inthers oblong, incumbent. Germ superior,
ovate, tapering above. Style only the attenuated germ, bifid. 'S7i^-
vtas 2, diverging. Capsule compressed. Sreds few, 8 — 12, elliptical,
compressed, winged, so attached to the attenuate margins of the cap-
sule &a to lie over each other in an imbricate position.

Found in Fairfield district, by Mr. Hcrbemont. It grows also in
Abbeville.

Flowers. ^[arietta Columho. — Wild Columho.

The root is considered a good bitter tonic, and has been extensive-
ly used as a substitute for the Columba root, indeed tJiey are be-
lieved by many tn be the same. They, however, not only belong to
difterent plants, but according to r... analysis made by Dr. Drake ofCin-
cinnati, (ihio, their constituent parts are essentially diiferent. The
root of the Frasera " is bitter m ithout aroma, and in its recent state is
" said to possess considerable emetic and carthartic powers. As a
** medicine it is perhaps ccpial to any of our native tonics." DrakeV
Cincinnati) p. 86.

206

TETRANDRIA MONOCYNCA.

SANGUISORBA.

Calyx f.'phylJus, infe-
rus. Corolla supera.
Germen inter calycem
coroUamque.

1. Canadensis.

S. spicis c\lindricis,
longissimis ; staniinibus
corolla miiltoties longio-
ribus. Willcl. Enuni. pi.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 654. Mich. 1. p.

Calyx 2 leaved, infe.
rior. Corolla superior.
The germ between the
calyx and corolla.

Spikes cylindric, very
long ; stamens many
times longer than the
corolla.

100. Pursh, l.p. 116.

Hoot perennial. Stem S — 5 feet high, glabrous, columnar, branch-
ing. Leaves alternate, pinnate, terminating with an odd one ; the
upper leaflets opposite, the lower approximate ; leaflets cordate, ovate,
elongate, obtuse, very acutely serrate, strongly veined, and glaucous
underneath, glabrous. Small stijndaceous leaves arc scattered along
the petiole. Flowers in a long (12 — 18 inches) crowded spike. Ca-
lyx 2 leaved, caducous ? Corolla on the summit o tlie germen, rotate,
4 parted, white, becoming greenish, persistent ; segments ovate, ob-
tuse, ending in a callous point. Filaments much longer than the corol-
la, clavate, flattened above. Anthers small, pale yellow, seated on the
end of the filaments. Style shorter than the filaments. Stigma capitate,
very obscurely, if at all divided. Germ 4 angled, single seeded. Seed
ovate. Capsule 4 angled, adhering to the seed, and not opening in a
regular manner.

Dr. Macbride collected specimens of this plant in our mountains, in
flat moist places. It was formerly seen in the Cherokee territory by
William Bartram.

Flowers fxom August to October.

2. Media.

S. spicis cylindricis ;
staminibiis corolla longi-
oribus. Willd. Enum. pi.

Spikes cylindrical; sta-
mens longer than the
corolla.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 654. Pursh, 1. p. 116.

The spikes are shorter than those of the precedifig species, and
tinged with red. Pursh.

Grows in meadows on the mountains, frorn Canada to Carolina. P.
Flowers July— -August.

TETKANDRIA M0N0CYN2A.

nor

COUNUS.

Cah/x suprrus, 4-(lcii-
tatus. Pet Ilia supo ra, 4.
Drupa nucc 2-loculari.

* Fl or lb us capital is, in-
Tolucralis.

CuUfx superior, 4 tooth-
ed. PetaU 4, su])cnor.
Drupe tontaiiiing a H cell-
ed nut.

* Florcrrs in hrads^
surroundnl by an invo-
lua'um.

Herbaceous ; the upper
leaves verlicillate, veined;
involucruni ovate, acu-
minate ', drupes globose.

1. CANAnr.xsis.

C. herl)acea ; foliis
sumniis vcrticillatis, ve-
nosis ; involucris ovatis,
acuniinatis ; drupis 2;lo-
bosis. Sp. pi. I. p. GGl.

Mich. 1. p. Pursh, 1. p. lOr.

This singular little shrub scarcely exceeds 6 inches in hei^-ht Stem
angled near the summit. Tlie hnver leaves are small, opposite, the up-
per vcrticillate, or rather perhaps toriiate anil opposite, the interme-
diate leal' bein:; longer than the lateral, all sii^iitlr acuminate and
marked by rib-like veins. Fluwev^ in a terminal capitiiium, very small.
Invrjlticrum white. Berries red.

Grows in boguy ground, ou high mountains, from Ncw-Eugland to
Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers May.

Arborescent ; leaves
ovate, acuminate ; invo-
hicrum large, obcordate ;
drupes ovate.

2. Florida.

C. arborea : foliis ova-
tis, acuminatis : invohi-
cris magnis, obcordatis ;
drupis ovatis. Pursh, i.
p. 108.

Sp. pi. p. 6G1. AValt. p. 88. Mich. 1. p. 91.

A tree 15-— £j feet hijjji, the iruvh- 8— lOinrhcs (li;jme(pr. with ex-
pandinsbrancttes, the smalU-r crowded at the extremities (d theoid^r.
If'nnd fine grained, Iiard. diiral)le. L^-aves oppi.site, deciduous, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, entire, ribbed : the vounger ones verv pubes-
cent, almost villous on the under surface. >'o.,fr.s in tenninal headn.
Involucrum 4 leaved j leaves large, obcordate, nerved, white ; the*

il08

TBTRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

sinus callous, sessile at the base of each head, and enclosing it beford
the time of flowering. Calyx 1 leaved, small, tubular, border 4 cleft i
segments erect, obtuse, shorter than the tube. Petals 4, linear-lance-
olate, inserted into the summit of the germ, yellowish. Filaments 4,
as long as the corolla, alternating with the petals. Anthers incum-
bent, 2 lobed. Germ inferior, slightly angled. Style shorter thaa
the stamens, surrounded at base by a glandular ring, around which
the petals and filiaments are inserted. Stigma capitate. Drupe red.

Grows in light rich soils.

Flowers March — April. Dogivood,

The bark of the trunk and branches of this tree has been long
employed as a substitute for the Peruvian bark. Its tonic power is
considerable, but in its recent state it is apt to disorder the
stomach and bowels. To obviate this effect, it is recommended not
to use it for a year after it has been stripped from the tree. It may
be given in powder in the same doses with the Peruvian bark. A
decoction of the buds and small branches agrees well with a weak
stomach, and is probably the most eligible form of using this article.

The wood is much used by mill-wrights, carpenters, &.Ci

** Floribus nudis, cy-
piosis,

3. Sericea.

C. ramis patulis ; foliis
ovatis, acuminatis, subtus
ferrugineo-sericeis ; cy-
mis depressis,lanuginosis.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 665.

** Floweti naked, in
cymes.

Branches expanded ;
leaves ovate, acuminate,
the under surface clothed
with a silky ferruginous
down ; cymes depressed,
woolly.

Pursh, 1. p. 108.
C. lanuginosa, Mich. 1. p. 92.
A shrub 5 — 10 feet high. Leaves oblong, smooth on the upper sur-
face, sometimes slightly cordate. Flowers crowded in the cymes-
berries bright blue.
Grows on the banks of rivulets, among tlie mountains^
Flowers June.

4. Sanguinea.

C. ramis strictis ; foliis
ovatis, concoloribus u-
trinque pubescentibus ;
cymis patentibus. Pursh,
1. p. 109.

Sp. pi. p. 662.

Branches straight ;
leaves ovate, pubescent,
and of the same colour
on both surfaces j cymes
expanding.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

eo9

A shrub 8 — \2 foot high. liranches smooth, generally dark purple,
pubescent when young. leaves broad, rreiiueiitly oval, abruptly acu-
oiinate, nearly smooth on the upper surface. Ctfmes expanding, whcfl
old almosit ilivaricatc. ('//♦rriVs dark brown. Pursh.)

Grows in the vallies amongst tlic loountains.

Flower May — June.

Brandies stiff and
straight ; leaves ovate,
naked, of one colour j
cymes pananiculated.

5. Stricta.

C. raniis strictis ; foliis
ovatis, concolorihus, nu-
diusculis ; cymis panicu-
lalis. Sp. pi. 1. p. 603.

C, sanguinca, Walt. p. 88.
C. fastigiata, Mich. 1. p. 92.

A shrub 8 — 1 5 feet high, stoloniferous, branching ; branches opposite,,
glabrous, generally red, roughened by irregular protuberances. Leaven
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, glabrous, but sparingly sprinkled
with short hair. Cymes nuked, tastigiate. Petals ovate-lanceolate,
much longer than the calyx. Flowers fragrant. Filaments a little
I nger than the petals.

The cymes in this species are sometimes regular, sometimes puni<^
culate.

Grows in swamps. Very common in the low country.

Flowers April.

0. PANtCULATA.

C. ramis ercctis ;

foliis

Branches erect ; leavcf^
ovate, acuminate, hoaiy
underneath ; cymes pan-
iculated.

ovatis, acuminatis, subtus
canis ; cymis paniculatis.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 664.

Pursh, l.p. 109.

A shrub 4 — 6 feet high. Leaver frequently lanceolate. Flowers
in compact panicles, f Berries white, depressed, globose. Pursh.)

Grows in swamps and near rivulets, from Canada to Carolina, rare.
Pursh.

I have specimens collected in very dry soils near Beaufort, that
appear to connect this species with tlie C. stricta. The leaves arc
nearly of the same colour on each surface ; the flowers in panicles.

Flowers May — June.

7. AspERiFOLiA. Mich.

C. ramis erectis, puhes- I Branches erect, pubes-
centibus; foliis ovali-lan- j cent; leaves oval-lancet-

310

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNTA.

ceolatis, acuminatis, su-
pra liispidis.

olate, acuminate, sea*,
brous, almost hfepid on
the upper surface.

Mich. 1. p. 93. Pursh, 1. p. 108.

A shrub 4 — 10 feet high, stoloniferous ; branches virgate, the yoting'
ro'if^h. the old glabrous. Leaves very entire, scabrous, tomentose
on the under surface. Petioles 3 — 4 lines long, hairy. Cymes
terminate, fastigiate. Peduncles pubescent, slightly coloured.
Petals o lo ig lanceolate, white, pubescent. Filaments shorter than
the pet Is. Anthers Tpwr^A^. Germ villous. Style thick, as long a*
the st; men :. somewl-at persistent.

Gr^ws in drv, saadj soils, moderately fertile. Common near Beau-
fort.

Flowers June.

8. Alterntotja,

C. raihis ve.iijcosis ;
foliis altoTiiis. ovatis, acu-
tis. suhtUvS caniHi ; ryjuis
d* pres^i^, puteiitibus.
Pursh. 1 I). 109.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 664. Mich. 1. p. 93.

A small tree 15 — 20 feet hi-^h. Leaves on long slender petioles, the
yo'iUii tapering to a point, tiie old with a long acuniination. Berries
purple.

drows along the margin of rivulets, among the mountains.

Flowers May — June.

Branches warty y leaves
alternate, ovate, acute,
hoary underneath ; cy-
mes depressed, expand-
ing.

PTELEA.

Corolla 4-petala. Ca-
lyx 4-paititus, inferus.
Stigmata 2. Samara
suhrotunda, centro niono-
sperma.

1. Tripoltata.

P. foliis trifoliatis ; flo-
ribus paiiiculatis, dioicis.

E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. ero.

■\Valt. p.

Mich. I. p. 99. Pursh, 1. p. 107.

Corolla 4 petal! ed. Ca-
lyx 4 parted, inferior.
Stigmas 2. AS'w7;zGrfl near-
ly round, 1 seeded in the
centre.

Leaves trifoliate ; flow-
ers in paniclesj dioicous.

TBTRANDni\ MONOr.YNiA,

SlI

A shmb 6—8 fi'pt li'mli ; t!io vouni;: brandies <«rote, pubfsoeiit, the
vld :rl:ibroiis. l^fuvfs tfiDato, Icalk'ts (ililmii;, laiiccDlate, acumi'iatp,
CHMPilate, put)»'>ctMit, vfiiifd, tlio uruler surlace paler tliau the upiicr,
2 — ;> iiichcN lim:;, 1 — '2 wide, (.'oiniuoii pt'tiole 2 — 3 iiiclies lon^i, pu-
bescent. I^ajifts sessile. Floicert iti terminal panicles- Of the
sterile flowers the cahf.v verv hairv, the se incnts subulate, appreiiseil.
ConUln A potalled .'' ii'«irie petalled tiic segments ro.-crc ver\ sli^litly)»
4 (ir 5 tiuM's as loui; as thecal%\. iV^ci/s oval, obtuse, pubescent,
j:reenish. h'ilameuts 4, shorter than the corolla, tonientosc at base.
•iiithers oblong;, £ celled, derm small, hidden in tlie down of the
filaments. iSVy/<' very sh-nt. W/iVi/ia bilid. 'l'!ie fertile How ers sim-
ilar, but the sj rm more conspiruous. Capsule lanceolate, com*-
pressed, 5 celled, not openin;;, surrounded by a circular membrane.
Seed I in each cell.

Flowers of a stroni; disaxreeable smell.

tirows in the mi-Idle and iiprnT country, rare in the lower. Found
wear Savannah hv Mr. .\bbut. On James" island.

FloweW May — June.

2. MoNOPiiYLLA. La Maick.

Lea\c3 simple, lancpo-
latc-oMitc, nearly sessile;
iVuit 3 winged.

P. ibliis siniplicibus,
lanceolato-ovatis, sub.ser>-
sililm* ; IVudibus trialatis.
Lam. Encyc. p. 336.

Of this species 1 know nothing; but from the description of lia Marck,
uho adds that the tlower? are in raceme:*, and that it was found ia
Candina by Mr. John Fraser, whose y.eal and indef'ati;^ahle exertioua
in the collection of the j)lanis of this country are well known.

LUDWIGLi.

Coltjr 4-partitus, su-
perus. Corolla 4-pctala,
vel 0. Capsi/Ia ^-^[ona,
4-locuIaris, polyspcnna.

* .fiprtdlcc.

i. pALiSiins.

L caule prostrato, re-
pente ; folii-; ()pj)()sitis,
lanccolatis hasi attcnua-
tis ; capsulis ohlongis,
sub angulalis. E.

L. apetala, Walt. 89.

I., nitida, .Mich. 1. p. 87. Ptirsh, I. p. Ill

Isuardia palustris, Sp. pi. 1. p.

Calijx' 4 parted, supe-
rior, i^etdh 4, or 0. (Uip.
sfile A angled, 4 celled,
many seeded.

* IVitliout petals.

Stem prostrate, creep-
ing ; leaves opposite, I-.n-
ccolate, tapering at Ijasc ;
capsule oblong. t>ligiiliy
angled.

21S TBTRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem slightly angled, succulent, branch-,
ing. Leaves verv entire, glabrous. Flowers solitary, axillary, ses-
sile ; 2 small subulate leaves at the base of each flower. Calyx deep-
ly 4 parted ; segments acuminate, shorter than the germ. Corolla 0.
Filaments 4, opposite to the segments of the calyx, and one half as
long. Anthers nearly round, 2 celled, whitish. Germ inferior, tur-
binate. Style short. Stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, slightly 4
angled, crowned with the permanent calyx Receptacle central, with
a wing extending into each cell to which the seeds are attached*
^eeds numerous, oval, glabrous.

Grows in wet ground, ditches, bogs, &g.

Flowers nearly the whole year.

Glabrous ; leaves cii-
neate-lanceolate, decur^
rent ; stem winged ; cap-
sules cubic, sessile.

2. Alata. E.

L. glabra ; foliis cune-
ato-lanceolatis, decur-
rentibus ; caule alato ;
eapsulis cubicis, sessili-
bus. E.

Stem about 2 feet high, sparingly branched, more strongly winged
than any of our species of Ludwigia excepting the doubtful L. jussice-
•ides. Leaves alternate, cuneate, at base lanceolate or oval, the ijaar-
gins irregular as if denticulate. Calyx shorter than the capsule.
Capsule somewhat cubical, slightly winged.

Found in damp places on Sullivan's Island, in the wooded part of
ilie island.

JFlowers July — September.

Stem decumbent, slights
ly winged ; leaves alter-
nate, spathulate-obovate j
flowers axillary, sessile*

S. MicROCARPA. Mich.

L. caule decumbente,
subalato ; foliis altcrnis,
spatbulato-obovatis ; flo-
j'ibus axillaribus, sessili-
bus. E.

Mich. 1. p. 88. '

L. glandulosa ? Pursh, 1. p. 111.

Root annual } Stem about a foot high, branching, slightly angled by
the decurrent leaves. Leaves acute, glabrous, margins obscurely
denticulate, about an inch long, 3 — 4 lines wide. Stigma simple, ob-
tuse. Capsule very small, 4 furrowed, discharging its seed through a,
pore in the summit of the capsule.

Grows in damp soils. Rare to mc- Found in the fields at Walnut
Hill, seven miles from Beaufort.

Flowers July— -Sejftembexv

TETRANDRIA MONOCYNIA-.

tii^

4. Sph.t.rocaup^. E.

L. caulc crocto, ramo-
so ; Ibliis linouri-lancco-
latis ; capsulis parvulis,
sessilihus, globosis, pu-
bcsceiilibus. E.

Stem erect, brandling; ;
leaves linear-lanceolate ;
capsules small, sessile,
globose, pubescent.

Root ppiennial. Stem 2 feet Iiii^li, erect, slender, very slij^litly an-
gled, glabrous. Leaves '2 inches lonj;, 2 linoA wido, very acute, base
also acute, u;labrnus, sprinkled wlion younj; witlia lew hairs, alternate.
J^loivcrs sessile, axillary. Cah/x about as lono; as flic germ.

This plant has much afluiity to the L. mollis, but is every way
more slender and more glabrous, the capsules not more than one
quarter of their size, and destitute of the two leaves which mark the-
capsules of L. mollis.

Found near Orangeburgh, S. C. in swampy grounds.

Flowers July — September.

S. CVLINDRICA. E.

L. caule erecto, ramo-
so, sub angulato ; foliis
lanceolatis ; capsulis c} -
lindricis. E.

Stem eicct, branching,
slightly angled ; leaves
lanceolate ; capsule cy-
lindrical.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 3 feet high, glabrous. Leaves
alternate, tapering at each extremity, 3—4 inches long, nearly I
vide, sligiitly decurrent ; the margins appear remotely denticulate.
Segments oi" the calyx serrulate, shorter than tlic germ. J'ilaments
tiui^cd with purple. ^Intliera yellow. Germ cylindrical, somewhat
scabrous. Stifle thick. Stigma caj)itate, globose. Capsule oblong,
cylindrical, slightly 4 furrowed, and pubescent. Seeds slightly angled.

This plant has been considered as the L. glandulosa of Walter, but
its leaves are never ovate, nor have I ever seen the glands from which
Walter formed his name ; neither is it probable that Walter would
have omitted to mention the cylindrical capsule, which is much more
remarkable in this species than in the L. linearis.

Grows at Burton's Hill, three miles from Beaufort; and found near
Savannah bv Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers July — September.

C. LVNCEOLATA.

L. caule virgato ; foliis
ungusto-laaceolatiM, gla-

Stem virgatc ; leaves
narrow, lanceolate, gla-

21*

TETRANDTIIA MONOGYNIA.

bi'is, su])decn!Tentibup ;
capsulis cul)ids, sessili-
biis, alatis. E.

brous, sliglitly tleciirre?it ;
capsules cubic, sessile.

winged.

Ront perennial ? Stem erect, rarely branclied. angled, glabrous.
Lo ivps \iing, lanceolate, taperinsi tovvai-ds both extrciviities. Flowers
a'.'llatv, sessile, solitary, numerous. Calya- shorter than the capsule.
Capsule, cubical, winged.

Discovered by Mr. Le Conte, in the swamps in Georgia, and sent to
ine by Dr. Baldwin. A variety Mil!i narrow leaves, and capsules
-sri;-' tly winged, tjows on the neck about six miles IVoui Charleston.

Flowers through the summer.

"** JVith the rudiments
of petals.

Villous ; stem erect,
much branched ; leaves
lanceolate ; flowers gen-
erally clustered ; capsule
globose, a leaved.

** Rudimentis tantum
p'talorum.

7. Mollis. Mich.

L. villosa ; caule erec-
to, ntJrosissimo ; fohis
lanceoiatis ; floribus ple-
rumque congestis ; cap-
sula globosa, bifoliata. E.

Mich. l.p. 90. Pursh, 1. p. 111.
L. rudis ? Walt. p. 89.

Moot perennial, tlirowirtg out many creepino- suckers. Stem erect,
more branched than in any other species, covered, as every part of
the plant, with a soft villous down, scarcely at all angled. Leaves
on the runners spathulate lanceolate, on the stem alternate, lanceolate,
acute at each extremity. Floivers axillary, sessile, clustered towards the
extremity of tlie branches into a compact, cylindrical, leafy spike.
Calyx as long as the germ, and nearly as long as the mature capsule.
Cnpsiite globose, villous ; the two bracteal leaves, which in the other
species are below the capsule, in this are seated on it.

Grows in ditches and bogs. The most common perhaps of all tbp
ispecies.

Flowers August — September.

8. Capitata. Mich.

L. caule erecto, virga-
to ; ihl.is lirieari-lanceo-
latis, glal)i'is ; flojibus
pleiumque conferto cap-

Stem erect, virgate ;
leaves linear-lanceolate,
ghibrous ; flowers gene-
rally clustered into ter-

TETRANDRTA MONOGVNIA.

Sf5

Itatis ; bi^actcis calyce I niinal hcu'ls ; hracteas
lon2;ioni)us. E. | longer tliaii the calyx.

Mich. I p. 90. Pursh, l.p. 111.
L. sufl"! utic(»!*ii, Walt. p. 90.

Itoi)t poionnial. Stem liorbaccous. erect, cnlumnai', "•labrons, voi-y
Slinlitly inarktMl by tlic (lecurrt'nt leaves. L nve-^ imm.Iv subulate,
Very acute, o!)tusc at base, glabrous. Flowers sessil»». adllarv, smiie-
timcs a little remote, 5;ciierally T nniii'^ a compact liea<l. liracteasj
Avbicli in most of the species are minute leaves at tlie base of tlie cap-
sule, in this are l(Hif:;or than the calyx, and lanceolate. Caly.r lonirei
that! the rrerm. {I'etah shorter thau the calyx. Mich.) In the sne-
cimen no trace of a corolla is pcrcejitible. I have never been it la
flower. Capsule oblunir, slightly \vin2;eil.

Not very common, but widely dift'iiS'^d. Sent fiom Louisville,
Georj;ia, I>y Mr. Jack>on ; St. Mary's, by IJr. lialdwiu. Ogcchee.

(irons in damp soil.s.

Flowers August — October.

*** CoroUatce,
9. Pedixculosa.

I **#• -D^itji corollas,
Mich.

Stem procumbent, ra-
diciiiit ; leaves opposite,
lanceolate ; pefliincles
longer tlum the leaves.

L. caiile prociimljcntc,
radicante ; loliis o|)posi-
lls. lanceolalis; jieduncii-
lis foliis longioiibiis. E.

Mich, i, p. 88.— Pursh, 1. p. 111.
L. arcuatar Walt. 89.

It'mt perennial. Stem sparin2;ly pubescent, branchinc;, purple, 3 — G
inches lon^. Leaves sessile, er.fire, glabrous on the uppi'r surface*
the under sli^ihtly fjirinkled with hair, 3 — t lines loJiir I — If wide.
Flnirers axillary, solitary; peduncles C — 3 limes as long as the leaves.
Calyx longer than tlie ;^erm. Petals obovate, entire, yellow, larj^e foi'
the size of the plant, inserted into the summit of the term, alternat-
inj^ with tiie scjrments of tlie calyx, caducous. Stameiis hall as Nmi"-
as the calyx. Stt/le and s/Z^jiur yellow. Capsule inversely conical,
pubescent, opening .hroM2;h a central pore.

Grow s in boiis and wet places of the. lower country.

Howers Ma> — June.

iO. LiNHVKis. ^Valt.

L. caul" erccto. ramo-
»o. supenie an;j:iilato; Ib-
liislineaiibns. :5lal)ris; llo- leaves linear, glabrous;

Stem erect, branebins;,
af]c:Ietl near the sunuiiit;

ril)us sessilibus. E.

Walt. p. 89— Pur^h, I. p. 110.
L. angu^tifolia, Mich. 1. p. 88r

/lowers sessile.

^16

TEtRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Root perennial. Stem 2 feet high, below columnar, above slightly
angled by the decurrent leaves. Leaves alternate, glabrous, 2 inches
long, when magnified slightly serrulate ; with two subulate glands at
base. Calyx shorter than the germ. Petals obovate, longer than the
calyx, yellow. Jlnthers oblong, large, erect, with the margins crenate.
Germ oblong, furrowed, the angles rounded.

Grows in shallow water, generally in ditches and SAvamps.

Flowers July — September.

Stem virgate,

pubes-
cent; leaves ovate, elon-
gate, obtuse ; calyx re-
liexedj capsules winged.

11. ViRGATA. Mich.

L. caule virgato, pu-
bescente; foliis ovato-e-
longatis, obtusis; calyce
reflexo; capsidis alatis.
E.

Mich. 1. p. 89.~Pursh, 1. p. UO?
L. alternifolia, Walt. p. 89.

Root perennial. Stem erect 2 — 3 feet high, sliglitly angled by the
decurrent leaves, pubescent, rarely branched. Leaves closely sessile^
narrow, soft, pubescent, rounded at base, the summit obtuse or abrupt-
ly acute. Flowers rather remote, on peduncles about 4 inch long.
Calyx longer than the capsule, segments lanceolate, acute, reflexed.
Petals obovate, longer than the calyx, caducous. Capsule nearly cu-
bic, with the angles winged, opening through a central pore.

Grows in close soils. Very common. Less of an aquatic plani^
than any other species.

Flowers May — September.

Hairy, sometimes hir-
sute; stem erect, branch-
ing; leaves ovate, obtuse;
calyx erect ; capsules

winged.

12. PiLosA. Walt.

L. pilosa, interdum hir-
auta ; caule erecto, ramo-
so ; foliis ovatis, obtusis ;
calyce erecto ; capsulis
alatis. E*

Walt. p. 89.

L. hirsuta, La. Marck, Encyc. p. 587. — Pursh, 1. p. 110.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 673.

Root perennial. Stem erect, sometimes virgate, sometimes much
branched, hairy, columnar, the branches very slightly marked by the
decurrent leaves. Leaves obtuse at each end, 10 — 18 lines long, 3—4
lines wide. Flowers axillary, on peduncles one half inch long. Seg-
ments of the calyx longer than the germ. Petals obovate, yellow,
rather longer than the calyx. Capsule somewhat cubical, slight-
ly winged, opening through a central pore.

TETRANDRIA MONOGA'NrA. 2l7

In habit much resciiihliii'^ the precM'dinrr specios. To Dr. Baldwin
I am iiuk'l»t»Ml lor tho obsorvutioii that t)»'>iiU's the other iiotol m^xk*
ot liistiiu tion, the cal^x in always erect iu ihij speciev, uud rcHttcTed
hi tlu' rormer.

Grows in miry and clayoj soilak

Flowers Aujrust — October.

14. Alternifoi.i V.

L. cauie crccto. raino- | Stem erect, !>ranc]iin^,
so. scal)riusculo; Ibliis al- | slightly scabrous; Icavci
ternis, lariccolatis; cap- | alurnate, laiiceoiute ;
Milis alutis. E. | capsules winged.

Sji. pi. 1. p. 672.

L, ramosissima, Walt. p. 89.

li. macrocarpa, Mich. 1 p. 89. — Pursh, 1. p. 110.

Root perennial. Stem 3 — I feet hish, much branched, a little rough,
and pubescent, towards flie summit slightly angled by the dccurrent
leaves. Leaven sessile, lanceolate, acute at each extremity, a little
hairy and scabrous, and apparently serrulate by the margijial hair*.
Flowtvs on short peduncles. Segments of tlie ca(y.v live nerved, cil-
iate, 3 or 4 times longer than the germ ; before the time of llowering
the segments onlv approach each other loosely but are not united.
Petals rounded, caduccms, as long as the calyx. Capsules somewhat
cubic, angleil, winged, the wings \cry large and cillate, opening through
a central pore.

To me rare. Grow s 7 mileg from Beaufort in the sw amp at the Half
■wav house and sent to mc lately from Savannah by Dr. Balduin.

Flowers July — September.

15. Decurrens. Walt.

L ? caulc ereclo j lb- j Stem -erect ; leaves

liis ovato-lanccolati'.f, ^k- | ovatc-lanccolatc, decur-

ciirrcnlibiis ; floribus oc- re.nt ; flowers witli S

tandris. E. sta/Ticns.

Walt. p. 89 Pursh, 1. p. Iio.
L. Jussifeoides, Mich. 1. p. hf.

Jassiieacrecta, Abbot's Insects of Gcorg. t. 40. Pur<»h, 1. p. S04.
Jtont perennial .'' fibrous, fibres woolly. Stem erect, 2 feet liigK*
jrrjuare. glabrous, widelv winned by t!>e dccurrent leaves. leaves
shining, with '2 glands at base. Flo'v<^rs on peduncles, 2 — 3 line<>
long, square, winged ; 2 cordate glands on the miudle of tln^ peduncle*?.
So^mpntK of the cnlif.v shorter than the germ, acuminate, 5 nerve<l.
Petals obovate, larger than the calvx. yellow, caducous. having a while.

218

TETRANDRIA MONOGTNIA.

lunate, hairy gland around the base. Filaments 8, shorter than the
petaHi. Anthers erect, pale yellow. Germ oblong, square, winged.
Style short. Stigma capitate. Capsule very long, square, winged.

Grows in moist situations. Very common.

Floweis July — September.

AMMANNIA.

Corolla 4 petalled, in-
serted into the calyx, or 0.
Cahfx 1 leaved, plaited,
8 toothed, interior. Cap-
sule 4 celled.

Stem erect, somewhat
columnar ; leaves semi-
amplexicaul ; the lower
flowers verticillate.

Corolla 4-pctala, calyce
inserta, vel nulla. Calijx
4-phyllus, plicatus, 8-
dentatus, inferus. Cap-
sula 4-locularis.

1. liAMOSloR.

A. caule erecto, subte-
reto ; foiiis semiamplexi-
cauUbus ; floribus inferi-
oribus verticillatis. £.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 678.
Mich. 1. p. 99.

Soot annual ? Stem 2 f'oet high, columnar, succulent, glabrous, when
procumbent taking root. Leaves opposite, narrow lanceolate, at base
somewliat cordate, the lower nearly sessile, the upper entirely so. Flow-
ers axillary, sessile, the lower ones clustered, the upper solitary ; 2
small subulate leaves at the base of each calyx. Calyx persistent,
glabrous, truncate, enveloping the germ even to maturity, 4 angled,
acute, expanding, 4 plaited, incumbent. Petals small, obovate, very
pale purple, inserted into tlie calyx near the summit. Filaments 4,
inserted into the base of the calyx, alternating with the petals, very
short. Jlntliers globose, 2 celled, greenish, before flowering attached
to the stigmas. Germ superior, globose, 8 furrowed. Sty e very
short, thick. Stigma obtuse. Seed numerous, attached to wings ex*
tending fiom the central receptacle into each cell.

Grows in wet places.

Flowers August — September.

gono;

2. HuMiLis. Mich.

A. caule erecto, tetra-
foliis lanceolatis,
basi attennuatis ; floribus
solitariis. E.

Mich. 1. p.99

A. ramosior ? Wa.\t p. 88.

Stem erect, square ;
leaves lanceolate, taper-
ing at base ; flowers soli-
tarv.

TETUANDIUA DIGYNIA.

219

Hoot annual ? .S'/t-m simple, (» iiirlip'? Iiij^li, glabrous, tentU'r, (»rra-
sionallv branched. leaves opposih*, obtust*. t'lowe s sessile, axilla-
»•>'. Calyx surrounding tlic u;eriii, anil adtierin*; to it when vounj;;,
with 4 short expanding scj;ments, and 4 which ap|H'ar interior, niurli
l()ni;«*r, lanceidate, erect; i. small leaves at the liase of tlie calyx-
I'fitala 4, olxivate, white, cailucous, alteriinfhijx with the ses^mentx of
the caly.v, and iiiUfTted into the summit nf the j^^erm. Filaweuis very
short. „iiithers erect, large, yellow. Germ lather inlerior. Style
very lihort, scarcely any. .S7j;;*»/n capitate, ('upside 4 celled, nearly
s(|uare, apparently crowneil with (he calyx. Seeds numerous, attach-
ed to wiuijs uf the cential receptacle which extend info eacli cell.

This plant, by the insertion ol" its petals and its adherin;; calyx,
which seem only to separate from tlie capsule when buth are drv, lias
some affinity to the ^;enus Ludwi^ia; wliile by its 8 parteil calyx,
llie colour of its corolla and its opposite leaves, it approaches Ammaiinia.

(JKtws in damp soils, two miles from Beaufort, iieaz the main mad.

Flowers September — Oc tuber.

k-V-WX^XV^^

DIGYNLl.

IIAMAMELIS.

InvnJiicrum tripliyllum.
triMoriini. Cuhjx pio-
priiis 4-phylliis. Pdala
4. Am- bicornis,2-locu-
laris.

i. ViRGINK A.

II. foliis ohovalis, acute
(Iciitatis. siiui parvo cor-
datis. Pursh, i. p. i iG.

Sp. pi. 1. p. roi. Mich. 1. p.

I/iToJncnini 3 Icaveil,
3 lluwercd. Proper ca-
hfx 4 Icavffl. Pddh 4.
JSut 2 honied, 2 celled.

Leaves obovate, acute-
ly toothed, cordate witli
the sinus small.
100. Walt. p. ass.

A shrub 4 — 10 feet liiijh ; branches manv, lons^, sli'j;htlv hut regu-
larly geniculate. Leaves strotit^ly veined, slightly scabntus, '• loosely
waved or tootlied upon tlie margins."' (Uig.) I'lowers axillary, in
clusters. Petas four tinies as long as the calyx, very linear, pale yel-
low. JV'ut partly clothe«l with the calyx, cndiui!: in two recurved pro-
tuberances : cells of a bony consistence, j)olished within, ilischarging
the seed when niature, \\ ith a spring to some distance. Seed elliptical
or oval, about the si/.e of a ^rain of barley ^ tegument bony, of a shining
black colour, one er^d (liilum .-) white.

sso

TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA.

This shrub seklom flowers with us until its leaves have all fallcR*
It a])pears, from Dr. Bigelow's description, to attain to a much more con*
siderable size in New-England than the Southern States. Walter's
three species appear to be only varieties.

Negroes grind off the ends of the seed, and string them for personal
Cjrnaments.

Grows in light, rich soils, on the margins of rivulets.

Flowers October — November, and sometimes during the mild
weather in winter. , Witch Hazle.

2. M^CRopHYLiiA. Pursh.

H. foliis suhorbiculatis,
eordaiis, grosse obtuse-
denlatis, siibtus sca!)ro-
punctatis. Pursh, l. p.
116.

Leaves nearly orbicu-
lar, cordate, largely and
ol)tusely toothed, beneath
rough, with scabrous
dots.

Found by Mr. Ljon in the western districts of Georgia ; a species-
perhaps doubtful.

CUSCUTA.

Calyx 4-fidus. Corol-
la i-petala. Capsida 2-
locuiaris, circumscissa.

1. AMEhlCAMA

C. floribus peduncula-
tis, unibellaUs, quinque-
iidis. Sp. pi. l.p. 703.

Walt. p. 109. Mich. 1. p. 175

Caljfx 4 cleft. Co7vU
la 1 petalled. Capsule
% celled, circumscissed.

Flowers peduncled,um-
belled, 5 cleft.

Pursh, 1. p. 116.

This singular plant, which twines around srpall shrubs, and resem-
bles loose webs of pale orange -coloured thread, springs first from the
ground, but immediately attaching itself to otlier plants becomes
parasitic, adheres closely to their bark, and loses its connection with
the earth. Stem filiform. Leaves 0. Flowers in alternate and re-
mote clusters. Small petals, nearly white. Seeds 2.

The flowers arc perhaps rather in small racemes clustered together
than in umbelsi, and are in our species pentandrous.

This plant is found attached indiscriminately to shrubs and herba-
eeous plants, but seems to prefer the Betula serrulata, Sambucus Cana-
densis, Rubus trivialis, and Erigeron Canadcnse. It may be readily
transplanted by detaching a few inches of the stem and placing it on
any living plant in damp weather.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers through the summer. Love Vine.

TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

09 I

TETRIGVXLl

SACilNA.

Caltjx 4-p]iylliis. Co-
roJla 4-j)ctala. Caps/if a
4-loculan.s, polyspcriua.

1. PROCUMnEXS.

S caulihus procinr.bcn-
lihus, G;lal)ri-< ; pctalis bic-
vissiniis. Pursli, i.p. 1 19.

• stem 3 — 4 inches long, procumbent, branching. J^Cflfes linear, op-
posite, clustered at the extremity of the brandies. Peduncles solitary,
axillary, loin;er than the leaves, one flowered.

Flowers, according to Linnfeiis, are sometimes apetalous.

Grows in barren sandy fields, in \ irjjinia and Carolina. Pursii.

Flowerg May — August.

(\ihf.v 4 leaved. Co-
rolla 4 pet a lied. Cap-
sulc 4 celled, many seed-
ed.

«

Stem procunihent. ?:^a-
brous ; petals veiy slioit.

POTAMOGETON.

Cat II X 0. Petals
Style 0. Seeds 4.

4.

Leaves floating;, on
long petioles, lanceolate-
ovate, tapering at each
end.

Calijx e. Petala 4.
Stylus 0. Semina 4.

1. Fluitaxs.
P. foliis natantibus
longe petiolatis, lanceo-
lalo-ovatis, utri?ifjiie at-
tenualis. Sp. pi. i. p.
713.

Pursh, 1. p. 120.

Growing rrenerally in deep water, (2 — 6 feet), ^tem branching,
glabrous ; the submersed leaves narrow. lanceolate, sessile, Ioiil', {C^ — 5
inches) ; the floatinj; leaves on footstalks. I — ^2 inches l<»n-r, oval, lan-
ceolate, many nerved, (17 — 19 .^) nerves altenint.dy more distinct;
a stipule sheathinc; the stem of the base of eaci leaf. FlfjUfrf in ax-
illary spikes. Common peduncle Ion;;. The flowers rise to the sur-
face of the water during tlie period of iniloresc once.

Grows in stagnant waters. Silk Hope, eight miles from Savannah.
Not so common as the succeeding species.

Flowers May — June.

sss

TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNlA.

3. Heteroph\llum? .

P. foliis siiperioribus
oppositis, lanceolatis, pe-
tiolatis, quinquenervibas ;
inferioribus alternis, li-
nearibus, sessilibus. E.

Sp.pl. l.p. 715. Pursh, 1. p.
P. hybridum, Mich. l.p. 101.

Upper leaves o])posite,
lanceolate, petiolate, 5
nerved ; the lower alter-
nate, linear, sessile.

120.

Root perennial. Stem 1 — 3 or 4 feet long, branching, glabrous ;
tipper leaves acute at each end, very entire, I inch long, 3 — 4 lines
wide ; the lower ones, which are submersed, 1 — 2i inches long;.
Flowers in spikes, crowded, opposite the leaves, and axillary. Corol-
la 4 petalled ; petals nearly round, concave, obscurely green, decidu-
ous. Filaments shorter than the corolla. Jinthers 2 lobed, nearly
round. Germs 4. Styles very short. Stigma obtuse, capitate. Seeds
4, reniform, nearly round, roughened.

This plant seems strongly to resemble the P. setaceum of Pursh.

Grows in stagnant water.

Flowers April.

3. Pauciflorum. Pursh.

P. foliis linearibus, ses-
silibus, ; inferioribus al-
ternis, siiperioribus verti-
cillatis ; spicis peduncula-
tis, paucifloris. E.

Pursh, 1. p. 121.

P. gramineum, Mich. 1. p. 102.

Leaves linear, sessile,
the lower alternate, the
upper verticillate ; spikes
on peduncles ; flowers
few.

Stem branching, much diffused. Leaves linear, 1 — 2 inches long ;
the lower alternate, the upper generally by fours. Spikes on pedun-
cles nearly an inch long, one from each whorl of leaves. Flowers
few, 4— lb.

Grows in shallow water.

Flowers through the summer.

CLASS V

•

PENTANDRI.V

.MOXOOKYTA.

150.

GALAX.

151.

RIBES.

107.

IIKLIOTIIOPIUM.

152.

VIOLA.

108.

MYOSoriS.

153.

IMPATIENS.

109.

LI rilosl'KRMUM.

154.

CISSUS.

110.

()N(>SM()I)IUM.

155.

CLAYTONIA.

111.

BATSCHIA.

156.

AiNYCinA

112.

CYNOCtLO^iSUM.

157.

ACIIYRANTIIES.

113.

PULMONARIA.

158.

THESIUM.

114.

DIAPKNSIA.

159.

(iELSEMINUM.

115.

VILLARSIA.

160.

ECHITES.

IIG.

iiorroNiA.

161.

AMSONIA.

117.

HYDUOPHYLLUM.

118.

LVvSIMACKIA.

119.

ANAGALLIS.

niGlJ^M.

120.

PHACKLIA.

121.

J^PIGKLIA.

162.

APOCYNUM.

122.

OPIIIDRRHIZA.

163.

CEROPEGIA.

123.

A/ALKA

164.

ACERAFES.

124.

PHLOX.

1G5.

A8CLEPL\8.

125.

CONVOLVULUS.

166.

PODOSTIGMA.

126.

IPOMCEA.

167.

GONOLOBi:S.

127.

CANTUA.

168.

CHENOPODIUM.

128.

POLKMONII'M.

169.

SALSOLA.

129.

CAMPANTLA.

170.

ULMUS.

130.

5AM()LUS.

171.

PLANERA.

131.

LOBELLV.

172.

CELTIS.

132.

PINCKNEVA.

173.

H YD ROLE A.

133.

TRIOSTEUM.

174.

I1EU( HERA.

134.

CAPRIFOLHM.

175.

niCHONDRA.

135.

SYMPHOREA.

176

(iE\TL\NA.

13G.

DIERVILLA.

177.

ERYNGIUM.

137.

VERBASCU-Nf.

178.

HYDROCOTYUX

138.

DATURA.

179.

SANICULA.

139.

A PROP A.

180.

DAUCUS.

140.

PMYSALIS.

181.

AM ML

141.

SOLANIM.

182.

SELINU>L

142.

*< ABB API A.

183.

FERULA.

143.

BlMELfA.

184.

LIGUSTICI'M.

144.

R HAM MS.

185.

ANCiELICA.

145.

ZIZYPinS.

186.

SIUM.

IACk

CEANOTHUS.

187.

SISON.

147.

EUONYMUS.

188.

CIC'UTA.

148.

ITEA.

189.

I H.KROPHYLLU>r.

!49.

CYRILLA.

190.

bMYKMUM.

324?

PENTANDHIA MONOGYNIA.

TRIGVJS'M.

FEJrrJiGYJ^M,

391.

RHUS.

199.

ARALIA.

192.

VIBURNUM.

200.

STATICE.

193.

SAMBUCUS.

201.

LINUM.

194.

STAl'HYLEA.

202.

DROSERA.

195.

TURNERA.

19!'..

UEPUROPETALON.

POLIGFJVM.

197.

SAROrHRA.

203.

ZANTHORHIZAt

TETRJGr.YU.

198. PARNASSIA,

WVA/W VWVWVW \A»^'

HELIOTROPIUM. Gen. pl. 239.

Corolla bypocraten-
form, 5 cleft, with teeth
interposed, and the throat
naked.

Leaves cord ate- ovate,
acute, scabrous ; spikes
solitaiy ; fruit 2 cleft.

Corolla hypocrateri-
formis, .5-tida, intcrjectis
dentibiis, fauce nuda.

1. Indicum.

H. foliis cordato-ova-
its, acutis, scabiiuscuh's ;
spicis solitai iis ; fructibus
bilidis. Sp. pl. i. p. 710.

Walt. p. 91.

Midi. J. p. 228. Pursh, 1. p. 130.

Root annual ? Stem 8 — 12 inches high, furrowed, hispid. Leaves
alternate ovate, seldom cordate, the margin irregular, strongly
veined. Flowers in axillary spikes, at first recurved, after flowering
straight. Caly.v 5 parted, persistent, hirsute. Corolla longer than
the calyx. Seeds 4, angular, adhering by pairs which separate widely,
slightly emarginate.

Grows, where Miclianx ohserved it, at the Eutaw (Youta) Springs,
and fo'ind by Mr. Oeniler in the Dutch Fork, above Columbia. It is
found generally along the borders of rivulets in the middle and upper
country.

Flowers June — August.

S. CURASSAVICUM.

H, foliis angusto-lance-
olatis, gla!)ris, cariiosis,
aveniis ; spicis conjuga-
tis. Sp. pl. 1. p. 745.

Leaves narrow lanceo-
late, succulent, glabrous,
without veins ^ spikes
conjugate.

PEM'ANDin A MOXOGVNIA.

22.5

Annual? Stem G — 1! iiiclios Ions;, erect when simple, dcciiiubcnt
%vhcn nuicli ilividoti, teri'te, »uirultr»t, uikI witli tlic wliolv plant i;lau-
c»tus. i>«rfs alternate, wilti small ones ;;eneral!y in the axil, simie-
vliat cro\v«led, I — li iiicli loiii;, ;'> — 4 lines witle, ratlier obtuse, taper-
ins at base, sessile. Flanrrs in ternnnal, cnnjusjato revolute spikes.
Calt/.v > parted, succulent, persistent. CovoUa Mnall, bypocraterilurnj,
%\liite. the tube ting;e<l with yelluw, lionler j parted ; se};tnents obtuse,
tube as Ions; as the calyx, 3 fui roweil : throat akod, ,4uthfrs sessile
in the base of the tube, sa-^itfafe, acuunnate. f^Vrms 4, sii|H»rior. Style
l», or very stunt Slin;,^, thick, somewhat conical, umlivided, witii a
inar<;in round its base. Set'ils 4, coated on the out side with a thick
flfshv pulp. 2 furrowed, ani^led on the inside.

(irow s ia soils afil'cted by salt waior, on the shores of Charleston har*
f)our.

Flowers Mav — Julv.

MYOSOTIS.

Corolla hypocratri'ifor-
niis, 5-tUla, rniarji;i»iata ;
faucc clansa foi-nicibus.

Gex. PL. 2 10.

CovoHa Iiypocrateri-
form, 5 cict't, einari>;inatp ;
Ihe tinoat closed with
archrs tbnned by the iU-
ainents.

Hairy : seeds jvtrorse-
ly aculeate ; leaves ovate
lanceolate, acuminate ;
racemes divaricate.

1. VlRCIXIAXA.

Af. |)ilosum : seminil)us
aculeato-o;lochi(lil)us ; i'o-
Itis ovato-lanceolatis, acu-
iMinati> : racemis divari-
catis Pui-sli, 1. p. 134.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 748. Mich. I. p. 129.

riant I — 2 feet hi.;h, brandling;. L«atvs scabrous, oval, ovate and
lanceolate, generally acute. Huwers white or pale blue. Fruit nod-
din<;, the seeds covered except on the interior angle, with barbed
prickles.

(irows in dry soils, in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers June — July.

LITIIOSPERMUM.

Corolla infundihuliror-
mis, fauce perforata, nu-
da. Calif. I' ij-partilus.

1. AllVENSK.

L. seminibus ni2;osis ;
corolUs vix calyccm su-

d3

Gen. vl. 241.

Corolla funnel sliaped,
the throat pcrlbrate,
naked. Calfjx 5 parted.

Seed rou2;h ; corolla
scarcely longer than the

2J^6

PENTANDRIA MONOGYHlA.

calyx ; leaves
without veins.

obtuse.

perantibus ; foliis obtusis,
aveniis. Smith, Fl. Brit.
1. p 21B.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 751. Pursh, 1. p. 131.

Plant annual, hispid. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, branching. Leaves
«blong, frequently ovate. Flowers solitary, axillary, nearly sessile,
forming tercainal, leafy racemes. Segments of the calyx long, linear
or subulate. Corolla greyish -white.
' Grows on Charleston Neck, in dry soils. Not common. Imported.

Flowers May — July.

ONOSMODIUM. Mich.

Corolla fauce nuda,
subcainpanulata, limbo
ventricoso ; laciniis con-
niventibus, acutis. An-
therce sessilcs, inclusse.
Calyx 5-partitus.

4. HiSPIDUM.

O. foliis ovali-lancco-
latis, nervosis f corollis
acuminatis.

Corolla with the throat
naked, somewhat cam-
panulate, the border ven-
tricose ; segments con-
nivent, acute. Anthers
sessile, included. Calyx
5 parted.

Leaves oval lanceolate,
nervose ; segments of
the corolla acuminate.

Mich. l.p. 133. Pursh, l.p. 132.

Lithospermum Virginianum, Sp. pi. 1. p. 752. Walt. p. 91.

-Koo^ fusiform .^perennial. (Siem herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet high, branched,
obtusely angled, with the leaves and calyx hispid. Leaves alternate,
sessile, oblong lanceolate and obovate,very entire, rough, the hairs pro-
ceedingfrom elevated points. Flowers in simple, leafy , secund racemes,
which at first are recurved, afterwards straight. Peduncles 1 — 2 lines
long, hispid. Calyx persistent ; segments arute, ciliate. Corolla
longer than the calyx, deciduous, pubescent, yellowish ; segments very
acute, connivent. Filaments very short. Aethers sagittate, nearly
sessile on the tube of the corolla. Germs 4, superior. Style filiform,
nearly twice as long as the corolla. Stigma simple, obtuse. Seeds
4, of which 1 or 2 frequently prove abortive, angled on the inner side^
glabrous, shining ; tegument bony.

Grows in dr}', sandy soils. Common.

Flowers May — .Tune.

PBNTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

g«7

BATSCHIA. Gmelin.

Corolla hypocrateri-
formis, fiiucc nuda ? tul)o
ad basin barbato. Calijx
S-partitus.

1. Gmelini. Mich.

B. caulcfoliisque hirtis,
asperriinis ; calycis laci-
iiiis lungis, sublanccolatis.

Corolla hypocrateri-
forrn, witli the throat
naked, and tube bearded
at the base. Calyx 9
parted.

Stem and leaves his-
pid, very rough ; seg-
ments of the calyx long,
nearly lanceolate.

Mich. 1. p. ISO. Pur8h, 1. p. 132.
Anon. Caroliniensis, Walt. p. 91.
Anchusa hirta, Muhl Cat.

/foo? perennial. Stem 10 — 16 inches high, columnar, generally sim-
ple, several from the root, /.rnivs alternate, oblong, somewhat oval,
those near the flowers ovate-lanceolate, entire. Flowers axilla-
rvy nearly sessile, near the summit so much crowded as to resemble a
terminal corymb. Segments of the cahj.r linear-lanceolate, nearly as
lonu; as the tube, persistent. Corolla bright orani:;e ; segments rounded,
in the throat there appears to be (1 describe from specimens) 5 rough-
ened tubercles, not valves, which distinguish this genus from \nchu-
sa. Filaments very short, inserted in the tube of the corolla.

This is a very ornamental plaftt, and merits a place in every flower-
garden.

Grows in dry soils. Common in the middle country of Carolina j
in rarely if ever found within 30 miles of the ocean.

Flowers in April.

2. Canescens. Midi.

B. caiile foliisque su-
perioribijs villosis, aspo-
rinsculis ; calycis laciniis
brevibus, linearibus.

Stem and upper leaves
villous, sliglitly roughen-
ed ; segments of the ca-
lyx slioit, linear.

Mich. 1. p. 130. Pursh, 1. p. 132.

Very similar in habit to the preceding. The leaves are generally
much longer, narrow, oval. and althou;;h the upper ones are sImrtoDcd
they are generally lonjjer than the flowers : the whole plant soft and
villous, and even to the longue but hiiglifly scabrous : segments of
the calyx scarcely half as long as the tube, linear or '•ctaceous.

^^8

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTAr

I have a specimen from the upper country, sent I believe by Mit
Herbeniont, in which the leaves are less villous and the calyx smaller
than in the specimens sent by Dr. Muhl nberg from Pennsylvania*

Grow 9 in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers \

CYNOGLOSSUM. Gen. pl. 243.

Corolla infundibulifor
iTiis, fauce cltiusa fonii'i-
bus. Sennna depj-essa,
interiore taiitum latere
stylo affixa.

1. Vlu(;lNI<UM.

C liirsutissimuiii ; fo-
liis ovali-ol)longis, siipe-
rioribus amplexicaitlibus ;
coiy inbo terminal!, aphyl-
lo, longe pedunciilato.

Corolla fiiiinel-shapetT,
the throat dosed with
arches. Seed depressed,
affixed to the style by
the interior side.

Very hairy ; leaves
oval oblong, the upper
amplexicaul ; corymb
terminal, leafless, on a
long peduncle.

Sp.pl. l.p. 162.

C. amplexicaule, Mich. 1. p. IS'S. Pursh, l.p. 133.

Perennial. Stem \ — 2 feet high, \ ery hispid. Leo i'?5 less hairy,,
large, somewhat scabrous. Flowera in a small terminal corymb. Lo-
roZ/ft blue, the tliroat closed by the arching of tlie filaments

Grows near Columbia, South-Carolina. Mr. Herbemont. In shadv
moist woods. Pursh.

Flowers May — June. Hounds-tongue.

PULMONARIA. Gen. pl. 244.

Corolla infundibuRfor-
mis, fauce pervia. Calyx
prismatico-5-gonus.

1. VlUGlNlCA.

P. glabra, erecta ; fo-
liis lanceolato-ovatis, ob-
tusiusculis ; floribus fas-
ciculatis, terminalibus :

Corolla funnel-shaped,
throat pervious. Calyx
prismatic, 5 angled.

Glabrous, erect; leaves
lanceolate-ovate, some-
what obtuse ; flow^ers fas-
ciculate, terminal : corol-

.fENTANDRIA MONOGYTfU.

S29

Corollis calyro multo loii-
rursli, 1. p.

gi )ril)us.

la nnicli longer tlian the

ciuvx.

130.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 709. Walt. p. 9!. Mich. 1. p. 131.

Ilnot \icvc\\mji\. Sltfin glabrous, bianchin<T, A nivs alternate lan-
ceolate, oval, acul tlic upper fre(|uently ovate, ail soiiiowliut ot>-
fiisp, tlic upper very much so, j;laucous, irUbrons, Flowers in
tontiinal raceme**. C'nhfx small, porsisteiit, 5 parteil. Tube of the
cum (a many titnes Ioniser than tiie calyx ; bunb-r caiupaiiulate, ob-
scurely o lobcil. violet coloureil. Sfaiitina ^IioiIim- tii.in tlie corolla,
filaments inserttMl into the tube, derm superior. Stylf slender,
longer than the slamens. soineuhat persistent. Stii:;uin capitate.

Grows alons; the sandy borders of the mouatain streams. Mich*

Flowers April ?

DIAPENSIA. GcN. pl.

Slignia

Capsule 3 celled, 3
vahefl, many seeded.
Corolla hypocrateriform,
with a slwjrt tul)c. Cfiliix
.1 parted, hracteate at
base. ^7///^ short, ^tig-
jjia 3 loI)ed.

Cnpsula 3-locularis,
S-vah is. polyspenna. ( V;-
r(>lla hypocrateiitbrmis,
tubo brevi. Califx ii-par-
titus, basi bracteatus.
Si III us brevis.
3-loI)uin.

1 Barbulata.

D. foliis lanceolato-cu-
iieatis, iiilcjiic pubcscen-
tibiis ; antheris horizon-
tafJI)us, basi rostratis.

D. cunelfolia, Pursli, 1. p. 148.
}'y\i(lanthera bitrbulata, >!icli. 1. p. lj'2.

Plant small^ creepinjj;, shrubby ; the branches assunjent. short, 1
flowered, leaves very acute, very hairy near the base; the upper
frowiled near tho ba->c of the ilower. L'nhj.v fringed. Flincen
small, white. Mich.

Grows in the mountains of Carolijia.

Flo^^c^sJune — Aui^ust.

Leaves lanceolate
wedcce shaped, and pu-
bescent at base ; anthers
horizontal, beaked at base.

^30

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

VILLARSIA. Gmelin. Syst. Vec. 4*7.

Capsiila l-locularis, 2-
valvis. Corolla rotata ;
laciniis basi barbatis, mar-
gine inflexis. Stigma 2-
lobuin.
minibus alternre.

Glandulce 5,sta-

1. CoRDATA. E.

V. foliis cortlatis, intc-
o-errimis ; petiolis flori-
feris. E.

Capsule 1 celled, 2 vaU
ved. Corolla rotate ; seg-
ments bearded at base,
with the margins inflex-
ed. Stigma 2 lobed.
Five glands alternating
with the stamens.

Leaves cordate, very
entire ; petioles bearing
the flowers.

Grows in shallow streams. Petioles 2 — 6 inches long, slender, gla-
brous. Leaves about an inch long, exactly cordate, variegated.
Flou-ers in lateral clusters, bursting trom the petioles near tl»e leaf.
Peduncles an inch long. Ca/^/aMlotted, persistent? segments lanceo-
late, acute, entire. Corolla campanulate, membranous ; border 5
cleft; segments round. Filaments inserted into the tube of the co-
rolla, as long as tlie tube. Jint/iers erect, 4 celled, J\i''ectaries 5,
hairy, inserted into the tube of the corolla, alternating with the fila-
ments.

Found in Savannah Hunt, a small stream a little below Granby,
South-Carolina. Found near Augusta, by Dr. Wray.

Flowers July — September.

2. Trachysperma.

V. foliis peltato-reni-
formibus, subcrenatis, co-
riaceis ; petiolis fiorileris.
E.

Leaves reniform, some-
what peltate, slightly cre-
nate, coriaceous ; petioles
bearing the flowers.

Menyanthes trachysperma, Mich. 1. p. 126.
Anon, aquatic. Walt. p. 109.

Root perennial. Steiu properly 0. Leaves peltate, frequently or-
bicular, 3-^4 inches in diameter, glabrous above, underneath purple,
covered with vesicular points. Petioles very long, dotted, sometimes
roughened. Floivers clustered, bursting from the petiole near the
leaf. Peduncle about 2 inches long. Calyx deeply 5 parted, persis-
tent, spotted ; segments oblong, connivent after flowering. Corolla
1 petalled, white, marcescent, 5 cleft, tube siiorter tlian tlie calyx,
yellow, border twice as long; segments oblong, plaited in the middle,

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNfA.

S3i

membranous alon<; tlie mar;;ins. Filaments very short, insertoti int»
the tnl)e of t\\v corolla, ^intlievs sajiittatc, erect, yellow, .^>cfa-
riVs 5, hnirv. attached to the tube of the corolla by short peilicels at-
temiatin;; with the lilamenf**; hairs jointed, yellow. f»frm superior,
conic. iS'////? very sliort. <S7i^»irt concave, (somewhat '2 lobed, Nlich.)
•with the margins limbriato. Cttpsiife furrowed, I celled, 2 valved,
sometimes ."> ? Seeds orbicular, toinpreBscd, roughened.

(irows in ponds and streams, sometimes found in water G— 8 feet
deep.

Flowers June.

IIOTTONIA. Gen. il. 265.

Capsiifc 1 celled. Co*
rolla liypocraterifoi'in.
Staif/ens inserted on the
tiiheofthe coioUa. *S/?§"-
7Ha globose.

The internodcs of the
scape icilttcd ; flowers
footstalked ; corolla shor-
ter tiian the calyx ; leaves
crowded, i)ectinate, sub-
mersed, with the seg-
ments linear.

II. palustris ? Pursh, 1. p. 138.

Stem thick, spunjjy, s;enera!ly submersed. Leaves lonir, irrcn;ular-
ly crowded, b'.'autifully pectinate. From the summit of the stem arise
several (ti^K)) naked flower-stalks or scapes. Scajjes jointed to-
wards the summit, the spate between the joints, but particularly the
space below the flowers, inflated. F nwers verticillate, jijenerally 4
in each whorl. Peduncle nearly half an inch long. Calyx 5 parted.
Corolla white, apparently shorter tiian the calyx. Capsule globose.

From specimens sent me from Milledgeville, Georgia, by Dr. Boy-
kin. Seen in the western districts of Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers

Capsula 1-locidaiis.
Corolla hypocraterifor-
mis. Sta?nina tiibo co-
rolla? iniposita. StigJiia
globosum.

i, Inflvta. E.

H. scapis internodiis
inflatis ; floribus [leduri-
cuLtis ; coroUis calyce
brevioribus ; foliis con-
fertis, pectinatis. subnier-
sis.laciniis linearibus. K.

HYDUOPIIYLLUM. Gen. pl. 267.

Copsrila l-locularis, 2-
valvis. Corolla cani[)an-
ulata, interne striis 5, inel-

Capsule 1 celled, 2
valv ed. Corolla campan-
ulatc, with 5 longitudiual

'i^se

PENTANDRTA MONOG^NIA,

liferis, longitiidinalibiis.
8tigma 2-fiduni.

i. VlUGINICUM.

H. g;]al)riusculu!ii ; fo-
Jiis piiinatififlis |)innatis-
que ; lacii)ii« ovali-lance-
olatis.iiHJso-serratis ; fas-
ciculis (loiiim coiigloiiier-
atis Piirsli, 1. p. lyi.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 814. Mich. 1. p. 134.

Perennial. Pliuit 2 feetlii^li, nearly glabrous. Lfn^^^s lanceolate,
ine>;ularly toothed and notched. Clusters ot jlowcrs lateral and ax-
illary, very compact. Seg^inents of the cn///a* linear. C'oro/fa Wu?,

Grows in shaded rocky situations, Purslx.

Flowers May — ^June,

honey bearing; streakg
within. iStigma S cleft,

Glabrou.s ; leaves pin-
natilid and pinnate ; seg-
ments oval-lanceolate,
with deep serratiires ;
clusters ot ilowers crowd-
ed.

LYSIMACHIA. Gen. pl. S 69.

Corolla I'otate. Cap.
side gh)bose, mucronate,
10 Vtdved.

Flowers in terminal ra-
cemes, the lower vertieil-
late, the upper scattered ;
leaves by fours, ovate-
lanceolate, sessile, three
nerved.

Root perennial. Stem erect, 2 feet high, columnar, glabrous.
heaves generally by fours, ovate-lanceolate, sessile, 5 — 5 nerved, tlie
2 exterior generally obscure, entire, glabrous, dotted. Flor ers in
terminal racemes, the lower flovverh verticillate, the upjier alternate.
Fedunctes 4 — 6 lines long. Calt/a- 5 parted ; segments linear-laceo-
iate. I'oroUa 1 petalleil, tube very short, segments 5, oblong-lanceo-
late, dottfd, much longer than the calyx. Filampnfs 5, shorter than
the corolla, ailatiiig and cohering at base. Style as long as the sta-^
mens.

An ornamental plant which merits culture.

Grows Rear Columbia, South-Carolina. Mr. Herbemont.

Flowei-s

Corolla rotata. Capsu-
ta globosa. mucronata,
10-valvis.

1. HERBEMONrr. E.

L. florihus racemosis,
terminalibus, inferioiibus
verticillatis, superioril)us
sparsis ; foliis quateinis,
ovato-lanceolatis, sessili-
bus, trinervibus E..

PENTANDRIA MONOGtNlA.

S38

Leaves by fours, ovate
acute, nearly sessile ;
peduncles axillary, 1
tloweied, sfiortcr than
the leaves.

p. 13 J.

2. QfT\nRiFOij\.
L. loliis (juaternis,
ovato-acutis, subsessili-
bus ; peduneulis axillaii-
bus, unilloiis, follis Ijic-
vioribus. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 818. Pursh, 1
I,, punctata, Walt. p. 92.
L. hirsuta, Mich. l.p. 1-27.

Stem erect, culiininar, hairy. Leaves hairy alonjc the maririn and
miilril), thickly spriiikled wil'i !;laiiilular dots, t'l'ticera uxillarN. /V//-
uncles scarcely more tiiaii li:iir as Ion;; as the leaves.' Segment* '>f tne
cttJyx' small, lanceolate, dottoil, pubescent. Vorul a !ur„ei- than t'le
calyx. Stamens shorter than t!ie corolla. Filameuts coherin> at
base.

Varies with the leaves proportionally longer, more acuminate, thin-
ner in their texture: and uith glandular dots, whic are very nunie-
rous and jjenerally circular in the former variety, but in this more
distant and oblono;, and form small lacunae from which the veiixa
distinctly ori'^inate: tlie peduncles too in this are ji;enerallv Ioniser,

(irous in the middle and upper parts of Carolina and Geur^^iiw

Flowers May — July.

3. Lance o LATA. Pursb.

L. o;labenin)a ; follis
quaternis, sulj|)etiolatis,
lanceolalis, proniissc acu-
niinatis ; pecUinculis qua-
tcrnis, muitifloris ; llori-
bus summis raccniosis.
Pursb, 2. p. 7ii).

Very smootli ; leaves
I)y fours, ratber petiolatc,
lanceolate, prominently
acuminate: peduncles by
fours, many fljwered ;
tlie upper flowers in ra-
cemes.

Stem erect, simple. Segments of the corolla ovate, acute. Pursli.
Collected in Carolina bv Catestiy ; described by Pur^h from speci-
mens in tlie licrbariuiu ofSherard.

4. ClT.IATA.

L. folii-> pctiolitis. qua- | Loaves petiolatc, by
tciiiis, coiJulo-ovatis, su- | fours, cordalc ovate, up-

^34 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

per lanceolate ; petioles
ciliute ; flowers nodding,

perioribus lanceolatis ;
petiolis tiliatis ; floribus
cernuis. E.

L. hvbrida ? Mich. 1. p» 156. Pursh^ 1. p. 136.

Walt. p. 92.

L. quadrifolia, raj'. 6. Sp. pi. 1. p. 818.

jRoot creeping ? perennial. Stem 2 feet hi2;h, erect, branching,
square, furrowed, "iabrous. Leaves opposite, the upper ones bv threes
or fours, glabrous, the margins nfiely renculate; petioles 1 — U inch
long, ciliate. Peduncles 1 flowered, 2 inches long, with the stem and
petioles sprinkled with black dots. Segments of the calyx lanceolate,
acuminate, obscurely 3 nerved. Tube of the corolla very short, com-
posed of a purple ring, sprinkled with yellow glands, and 5 toothed on
the inner side ; segments rounded, toothed, mucronate, slightly cili-
ate at base, and longer than the calyx. Filaments inserted between
the teeth of the annular tube of the corolla, much shorter than the
corolla. Anthers erect, 2 lobed. Germ superior, globose. Style as^
long as tlie stamens. Stigma obtuse. Seed ovate, glabrous.

Grows in rich soils, high river swamps ; raie in the iiumedia/te vi-
cinity of the ocean.

Flowers June — July.

S. QUADRIFLORA. SlmS.

Leaves opposite, ses-
sile, linear, very long;
peduncle? by fours, ter-
minal, 1 flowered.

L. foliis oppositis, ses-
silibus, linearibus, longis-
simis ,* pedunculis qua-
ternis, terminalibus, uni-
floris. Bot. Mag. 660.

L. angustifolia ? Mich. 1. p. 128.
L. iongifolia, Pursh, I. p. 135.

Stem 3 — 3 feet high, branching, furrowed, glabrous. Leaves of tha
stem opposite, very long, linear lanceolate, not dotted, narrowed at
base almost to a petiole, and dilated as ti;e base embraces the stem ;
a few hairs are scattered under the dilated base ; at the extremity of
each branch 4 — 6 smaller leaves form a whorl. Flowers 4 — 6, termi-
nal, on peduncles longer than the leaves. Segments of the calyx long,
lanceolate, acuminate. Segments of the corolla acuminate, slightly
crenate, longer than the calyx. Capsule 5 ? valvtd. Seeds 3 angled,
nestling in compartments in a central receptacle.

Grows in St. John's. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers

rENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Sd$

6. TlETERopHYi.iiA. Mich.

Leaves opposite, the
lower nearly orbicular,
the upper linear, sessile ;
flowers nodding.

L. Ibliis opposilis, iniis
sul)orbicuhitis, supcriori-
])us linearil)us, scssilibus;
florihus cernuis.

Midi. 1. p i:r. Pursh, I. p. 13G.
L. lanceolata ? Walt- p. 92.

llnot pfienrii.il. Stem erect, 1'2 — 18 inches lii::;h, somewhat anijled,
•labrmis, btaiicliin;;. Leaves as tliey ascend, becomin-^ gratlually
iiKire narrow, ;:labr()us, ciliak' near tfie base, tliitk, opake. Fluvcers
axillary ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, one flowered. Se"-ment8
of the caty.v lanceolate, acuminate. Segments of the corolla scarcely
longer than tlic calyx, crenatc, mucronate ?

Grows in swamps or damp clayey soils, in the middle and low
country of Georgia and Carolina, but not iu the immediate vicinity
•f the ocean.

Flowers June — August.

ANAGALLIS. Gen. pl. 270.

Corolla rotate. Cap.
sale 1 celled, circumscisr
sed.

stem procumbent.

Corolla rotata. Cap.
sula i-locularis, circum-
scissa.

1. Arvensis.

A. foliis indivisis; caule I Leaves undivided
pro^umbcnte. Sp pl. 1.
p. 82 (.

Pursh, I. p. 135.

Jtoot annual. Stem fi — 12 inches lonir, procumbent. Zmiv.? op-
posite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, entire, ol)scurely nerved. Flowers
solitary, axillary, opposite. Peduncle twice as lonj; as tl:e leaf. Ca-
hf.r 5 parted, persistent ; se;i;;ments linear lanceolate, very acute.
Corolla 5 parted, red ; segments ■ val, crenulate. lonj^er than the ca-
lyx, fj/nnifn^s shorter than the corolla. G^-nn superior. Style tWi-
form, as Ions as the stamens. Stigma simple, obtuse.

Impoited ori;;inally from Europe, now naturalized and pratlually
exlendins; over the United States. Found on Sullivan's IbUnd^
l^rctwinij freely between the gand-bill*.

Floweis June— July.

336

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

PHACELIA. Juss.

I Cahfx 5 cleft. Cornl-
I la 5 cleft. Stamens ex-
I serted. Capsule 2 celled,
I 2 vaived, 4 seeded.

I Leaves pinnatifid, the
I lobes undivided ; seg-
I nieiits of the corolla fim-
I briate.

140.

The whole plant, but particularly the inarjjins of the leaves and
calyx hispid. Root perennial, cespitose. Utem assurgent, seldom
branclied, 6 — 12 inches hiiih. Leaves alternate, the upper pinnatifid,
sessile, the lower almost pinnate and petiolate. Flowers in a simple
terminal raceme, revolute before flowerinj>;, becoming erect afterwards.
Calyx persistent. Style 2, cleft, longer tlian the stamens. Stignuis
simple.

From specimens sent from Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green.

Flowers

Cali/x 5 -fid lis. Corol-
la 5-fida. stamina ex-
serta. Caps/da 2-locula-
ris, S-valvis, 4-sperma.

1. Fjmbkiata. Midi.

P. foliis pinnatifid is,
lobis indivisis ; corollse
lobis margijie timbriatis.

Mich. 1. p. 1S4. Pursh, 1. p.

SPIGELIA. Gen. pl. 272.

Corolla funnel shaped.
Capsule didymous, 2
celled, many seeded.

Stem square ; leaves
all opposite.

Corolla infundibulifor-
inis. Capsula didyma,
2-locularis, polysperma.

1. Mauilanuica.

S. caule tetragono ;

foliis omnibus oppositis.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 825.

Walt. p. 92.
Mich. 1. p. 147.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stevt herbaceous, 6 — 20 inches high,
branching near tlie base, slightly winged, towards the summit pubes-^
cent. Leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, with the margins and
veins underneath pubescent. Floivers in a simple, terminal, secund
raceme. Caly:v 5 leaved, persistent, leaves subulate, acute, finely
serrulate. Corolla 1 petal led, tube angled, ventricose, 5 times as
long as tlie calyx, yellow within, crimson without; border
5 cleft J segments acute, somewhat expanded. Filaments shorter

VliNTANDRlA MONOG\NI.%. 237

than tl»e corolla, inspited into the tube between the segments. Jlii'
tlit'ra ublonsj, eordate, 2 celled, \ell()\v Germ superior, ovate. Sti/le
loiter than tl»e corolla, /(;/h^p</ neai- its base. Slii^mn simple, obtuse.

I have a specimen >eiit me by Dr. Macbiide iVoin 8t. .lolin's, which
llowered in OetobiT, with obovate, ohtusi', and somewhat verticillate
leaves; but on removiii;; tlie root of" the >ame plant to a dilll'ient soil,
it blootned the succeeding spring, and jjroved to be only an accidental
variety.

Hesities its medical U'»es, the Spiijelia merits a place in a flower
gaideo as an ornamental plant.

(»r«)usin rich drv soils.

Flower?. -May — July. Carolina pinK-. Pink-root.

The use of this plant as a medicine was learnt by tlic early settlers
of this State from the imlians. It is now in common use, both oa
this and the eastern cimtinent, as a reme<Iy for worms in children.
T »e whole plant is usually employed, but the root is believed to
possess m<>st power.

The catliariic eilect is so uncertain, that it is necessary to give,
either with or after it, some more active purgative. The taste of the
iSpi^elia is sweetish or insipid. The u>ual dose for a chilil of seveu
years old, is twenty j^rains of the powdered root. JMobt physicians
in this country combine calomel with it.

The Spi.'elia often acts as a narcotic or sedative, inc'iicing stupor;
but this eft'ect is seldom or never attcndeil with danger ; indeed,
many phvsiclans consider it as an evidence of the favourable opera-
tion of tlie medicine. It has been falsely ascribed to the roots of
>»()ine deleteri(tns plant, taken up with those of tlie Spiirelia. The
Muall black fibres generally pointed out as such, prove to be nothin"-
more than tlie decayed roots of the Fink, which are aJwavs visible,
especially in spring, the usual time of collecting tiiis article.

OPHIOimHIZA. Gen. pl. 273.

Corolla iiifundihulifor- | Corolla funnel shaped,
mis. Germen 2-lkluni. | Germ 2 cleft. Stigmas
Stii^mata 2. Frudiis bi- | 2. Fruit 2 lobcd.
lol)us. I

1. MiTREOLA.

O. foliis ovatis, sessili- | Leaves ovate, sessile,
bus, niarginibus seal iosis. | with the margins scaii-
E. I ous.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 800. Mich. 1. p. 1 18. ' ,

Anon, sessilifol. Walt. p. 108.
O. ovatifolia, Muhl. Cat.

.Roof annual. Stem crecty 12—18 inches hijjh, somewhat square,
sparingly branched, scabrous nem t!ie summit, smooth bolow. Leaven

238

PENTANDRIA MONOGYTflA.

opposiie, appiessed, rounded at base, slightly acuminate. Flower^
in terminal and lateral cymes ? composed of dichotomous, secund
spikes, at first erect, afterwards recurved. Calyx 1 leaved, persist-
ent; border 5 clelt; segments linear. Corolla I petalled, white, de-
ciduous, not longer than the calyx, tube very shon, the throat closed
with jointed hairs ; segments acute, expanding. Filaments inserted
into the tube of the corolla, very short. Germ superior, ovate, fur-
rowed. Style as long as the stamens. Stigma capitate. Capsules
Q, united at the base and points, open in tlie middle, 1 celled, not
opening. Seeds many, ovate, smali, attached to a receptacle on the
interior side of each capsule.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers July — August.

2. Lance oLATA.
O. foliis long:o-lanceo-
latis, serrulatis, basi at-

Leaves lon^ lanceolate,
finely serrulate, tapering
at base.

tenuatis. E.

Anon, petiolat. Walt. p. 108.
O. Mitreola, >juhl.Cat.

Root annual. Stem 18 inches high, square, with the angles round-
ed, 4 furrowed, slightly branched, glabrous. Leaves opposite, acumi-
nate, smooth and glaucous on the under surface, the upper scabrous j
tapering at base to a sliort petiole. Tube of the corolla purple, as long
as the calyx, the throat closed with hairs; border while, segment*
acute SHgma capitate, not 2 cleft.

'< his has been considered by Dr. Muhlenberg as the 0. mitreola,
although the specific character, " foliis ovatis" is only applicable to
the preceding species. It is however not improbable that the O. Mitre-
ola of Swartz, a native of the West-Indies, is really distinct from
both.

Grows in damp soils. Very common.

Flowers August — September.

V^ZALEA.

Corolla campanulata.
Stamina receptaculo in-
serta. Capsida .^-locii-
laris. Stigma obtusum.
1. Calendulacea. a
A. subnudiflora ; foliis
oblongis, utrinque pubes-
centibus, adultis hirsutis ;
floribus aniplis, non vis-
cosis I calycis dentibus

Corolla canipanulate.
Stamens inserted on the
receptacle. Capsule 5
celled. Stigma obtuse,
ich.

Flowers rather naked ;
leaves long, pubescent on
both sides, when fuH
grown hirsute ; flowers
large, not viscid , the teeth

PENTANDRIA MONOG\NI\.

239

oblons's ; corolla tii))o

of the calyx ohlone; ; co-
I olla witli the tiil)e sliortcr

Ihaii tiie bcgiucuts.

hirsiito laciiiiis hroiorc.
Pursli, I. p. 151.

Mich. 1. p. 151.

A. nutlitUtra, var. coccinea^ Hort. Kew.
A shrub C — G feet hif;h. Leaves deciduous.
Var. a. with flowers flame coloured, sometimes variegated with yellow*
ft. flowers bri;jlit yellow.
c. flowers ruse coloured.
Grows in Ii2;ht saiidv soils — n. on the borders of Kbene/.cr Creek,
and ill the westi'rn districts of Geoii:;ia — ft. on the liiuilier mountains
«f Viru;iiiia and Carolina — c. at the Tocoa Kails, Georgia.
Flowers April — June.

2. Canescens. Mich.

A. sub luidillora ; foliis
obovato-oblongis, supra
pul)csccntlbiis, subtus to-
mcntosis, ncrvo noii sc-
tigcro ; tloril)us nou vis-
cosis, tubo laciniis vix
breviore ; calycis <lcnti-
bus brevissiml.s, rotunda-
to-obtusis ; stamlnibus
vix exertis. Pursli, 1. p.
452.

Flowers rather naketJ ;
leaves ol)ovate, pubes-
cent al)Ove, beneath to-
mentose, with the nerve
unarmed ; (lowers not
viscid, with the tube
scarcely shorter than the
segments ; the teeth of
tiie calyx very short, ob-
tuse and rounded ; the
stamefls scarcely longer
than the tube.

Mich. I. p. 150.

A. nudiflora, Lin.
Flowers rose coloured.

Grows on the banks of rivers in lower Carolina. Midi
Flowers April — May.

3. Brc OLOR. Pursh.

A. nudillora ; Ibliis ob-
longis, utrinque tenuissi-
me cano-pubcscentibus,
nervo non setigero ; flo-
ribus parvis non viscosis.
tubo laciniis vLx longiorc :

Naked flowered ; leaves
oblong, covered on botli
sides with very line w!ii-
tish hairs, the nerve not
l)iistly : fl )wers small, not
vibcitl, ihc tube scarcely

S40

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNlA.

longer tliau the segments
of the corolla ; calyx very
short, one of its segments
narrow, and four times
longer than the rest ; fila-
ments longer than the
tube ; smaller branches
hairy and hispid.

A. nudiflora, var. bicolor, Hort. Kew. 1. p. 319.

Flowers slender and smaller than the rest, of a pale rose colour, oc
nearly white, with a deep red coloured tube.

Grows on barren sandy hills, in Carolina and Georgia.
Flowers May — June.

calycibus brevissinns, la-
cinia unica lineari, reli-
quis quadruplo longiore ;
filamentis exertis; ranui-
lispiloso-hispidis. Pursh,
1. p. 153.

4. Nudiflora.

A. subnudiflora ; foliis
lanceolato-oblongis, pu-
bescentibus, nervo subtus
setigero ; corollis pilosis ;
staminibus longissime ex-
ertis.

Flowers rather naked ;
leaves lanceolate oblong,
pubescent, the nerve be-
neath bristly ; corolla
hairy ; stamens much
longer than the tube of
the corolla.

Sp.pl. l.p. 831. Walt. p. 97.

A. periclymenoides, Pursh, 1. p. 152.

A shrub 2 — 8 feet high, producing many stems from the root. Stevi
branching towards the summit, the young branches pubescent. Leaves
alternate, crowded toward? the summit of the branches on the new
wood, variable ovate, lanceolate and obovate, slightly mucronate, the
margins and under surface pubescent, the upper somewhat glabrous.
Flowers in terminal, clustered racemes, beginning to open before the
leaves are unfolded ; peduncles about half an inch long, clothed with
an obovate, white, very pubescent, caducous bractea. Calyx very
small. Tube of the corolla long, pubescent, viscid; border 5
cleft, expanding ; segments unequal- Filaments declining, unequal,
inserted into the base ot the germ, nearly twice as long as the corolla.
Jlnthers incumbent, 2 lobed, opening through terminal pores. Germ
superior, hairy. ^tijU longer than the stamens. Stig-wa capitate.

This is one of the most beautiful plants which adorn the forests of
North America. Some of its varieties are considered by many per-
sons as the most ornamental of our shrubs. It has been subdivided
into several species ; three have been inserted from Michaux and
Pursh, but their characters appear to me too indistinct and variable.
I have endeavoured to- establish characters on the size and proportion

FENTANnniA MONOCYNIA.

ftii

of tiie calyx, but I founil it vary »«> n\iich in individuals of the same
variety us to batllo tlie rfloit, and iudecil in plants so prone to vary,
ve nuist view with caution, irregularitieit that may arise from soil and
exposure.

In the Hortus Kewensis the following varieties are mentioned,
^vhich include tiie tlnee preceding species.

a. coccinea ; flowers scarlet.

6 rut Hans ; flowers deep red, calyx minute.

c. carnea : flowers pale red, tul)e red at base, calyx leafy.

rf. alba ; flow»'rs white, calyx middle si/.e.

e. biculor ; border of the flower pale, tube red, calyx small, branches
hairy.

f. papiliunacea ; flowers reddish, the lower segments white, caljrK
leafy.

•S:. partita ; flowers flesh-coloured, divided to tlie base.
To which may be added,

h. lutea ; flowers briglit yellow. ^

Grows in rich, dry soiU, and along the margins of gwamps antf
creeks.

Flowers March — May.

Leaves on the margin sca-
brous ; corolla hairy, ghi-
tinous; stamens scarcely
longer than the corolla.

5, ViSCOSA.

A. fohis mare;ine sca-
bris ; corollis piloso-glii-
tinosis ; staminibiis vix
corolla lonu;ioribus. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 831.

Walt. p. 97. Mich. 1. p.

A shrub somewhat similar to the precedinj;, but not sb beautiful,
3 — 6 feet high, youn;; branches and dorsal nerves of the leaves hispid.
Leaves lanceolate, oval, obovatc, nearly glabrous, mai j^ns roughened.
Flowers in terminal clustered racemes. Calyx minute. Corolla
very hispitl and viscid. Stamtus scarcely as lung as the corolla.
Style longer than the stamen?. .S7j;:-.iia capitate.

Of this species the following varieties are enumerated in the Hortus
Kewcn^ls, V(d. 1. p. 319.

a. odorata ; flowers white, branches difl'usc, leaves deep green, and

liifid.
h. vittata ; flowers wliite, keels flesh coloured, style long, red at tli«

point, and leaves pale, ovate oblong.
c.Jissn ; flowers white, divided at tiie base, leaves deep green, lucid.
d.jlnrihnnda ; flowers white, leaves glaucous underneath, style

longer than the corolla.
e. glauca ; flowers white, leaves glaucous on botli surfaces^ th#

young leaves sprinkled with hair on the upper fiurface*
Grows in damp sods.
Flowers May — Jul v.

F 2

34^

i*BlirTANDRlA MONOGYNIA,

PHLOX. Gen. pl. 284.

Corolla liypocrateri
formis. Filamenta inse
qualia. Stigma trifidum
Calyx prisniaticus. Cap
sula S-locularis, l-sper
ma.

1. Acuminata. Piirsh.

P. foliis inferiori!)us
spathulato-ovatis, acumi-
ratis, scabiiusculis, sit^^e-
rioribus lanceolatis ; co-
rymbis terminalibus. E.

Pursh, 2. p. 730.

Stem smooth, erect, a little roughened near tlie summit, 3 — 5 feet
high. Leaves thin, membranous, scabrous on both surfaces, 2 — 4
inches long, 1 — 2i wide. Corymbs few flowered. Caly:v smaller than
usual in this genus; the segments subulate, terminating in an awn;
Segments of the coro//« rounded, purple. ;

Described by Pursh from specimens collected among the mountains
of Carolina and Georgia, by Mr. Lyon. Found also in the mountains
of Carolina by Dr. Macbride.

I have another specimen which appears te be referable *o this spe-
cies, with smaller leaves, very scabrous, and on the under surface
nearly hispid, found by Dr. Wacbride in the upper districts of Caro*
lina.

Flowers August — September.

Corolla liypocraterr-
form. F'damerds une-
qual. Stigma 3 cl<-ft.
Calyx piismatic. Cap-
sule s celled, 1 seeded.

Lower leaves spathu-
late ovate, acuminate,
slightly scabrous, upper
lanceolate ; corymbs ter-
minal.

2. Paniculata.

p. foliis lanceolatis,
planis, margine scabris ;
caule lievi ; corymbis
paniculatis ; corollse la-
ciniis rotundatis ; calyci-
biis aristatis. Sp. pl. 1.
p. 839.

Pursh, 1. p. 148.

Root perennial. Stem erect, 2 feet high. Leaves opposite, the uji--
per generally evate lanceolate, acuminate. Corifmhs opposite;

Leaves lanceolate, flat,
the margins scabrous ;
stem smooth ; corymbs
paniculate ; segments of
the corolla rounded ; ca-
lyx awaed.

VBNTINDRIA MONOGYNIA.

«48

nuBieroim; flouors sonuMvliat paniculate. Calif.v pubescent? 5 cleft;
sp-^ineiits tapeiing to an awn. Tube of the corolla 2 or 3 times as
long as the calvx. Filaments unequal, very short, inserted into the
tubf of the corolla .Anthers linear, incumbent, 2 celled. Germ
superior, ovate. 'Style fdiform, nearly as long as tlie stamen*. Utig'
ma hispid.

<irons in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flower* June — Jul v.

3. Undulata.

P. crecta, glabra ; fo-

liis oI)lonfj;o-lanceolatis,

sul)uiululiUis, marginc

scabris ; coi-ymbis paiii-

culatis ; coroIliB laciniis

ol)Ovatis, sul)relusis ; ca-

lycibus aiistatis. Pursb,

1. p. 148.

6p. pi. l.p. 840.

P. paniculata ? Mich. 1. p. 144.

A handsome plant, taller than the preceding species. Piirsh. Floitii-
ers blue.

Grows in vallies, among high mountains of Carolina.
Flowers Julv — Au;;ust.

EiecT, glabrous ; leaves
oblong lanceolate, slight-
ly waved, with the mar-
gin^ scabrous ; coryiiiI)S
paniculate ; segments of
the coi'olla soincwhat re-
tuse ; calyx avvned.

4. rvRAMroALis. Smith.

P. erecta,j2;labra; caule

scabro ; foliis cordato-

ovatis, acutis ; j)anicula

lastigiata, pyramidalis ;

coroll?e laciniis cuneato-

truncalis ; dentibus ca-

lycinis suberectis, lanceo-

lalis, acutis. Pursli, i. p.

148.

Smith. Exot. Bot. 2. p. S3.
P. latifolia.^ Mich. 1. p. 143.

Grows in mountain meadows,
Pursh. Flowprs beautiful purple.
Flowers June — Auijuat.

Erect, glabrous ; stem
scabrous ; leaves cordate
ovate, acute ; panicle fas-
tigiate, pyramidal ; seg-
ments of the corolla
wedge shaped, truncate ;
teeth of the calyx erect,
lanceolate, acute.

from Pennsylvania to Cwoliiw

^4*

4»ENTANDRIA MONOGINIA.

5. COBDATA.

P. foliis oblongo-corda-
tis, subacuminatis, mar-

gine scabris ;
paniculatis ;
jonge aristatis.

Leaves oblong cordate,
slightly acuminate, with
corymbis the margins scabrous;
calycibus corynibs paniculate ; seg-
E. ments of the calyx termi-

nating in long awns.

Stem erect, 1 — Q feet high, smooth. Leaves cordate, slightly auri-
C«late, tapering to the summit. Corymbs numerous near the summit,
somewhat paniculate. Segments of the calyx terminating in an awa
as long as the tube. Tube of the corolla four times as long as the.
calyx.

In the structure of the corymbs this species has much affinity to the-
p. paniculata; but its leaves are uniformly cordate.

Found bv Dr. Macbride in the upper districts of Carolina.-

flowers August.

oblongo Ian-

6. Maculata.

P. foliis

ceolatis, glabris, margine

scabris ; caule scabrius-

corymbo-

calycinis

Leaves oblong lanceo-
late, glabrous, with the
margins scabrous ; steia
scabrous ; racemes co-
rymbose ; teeth of the ca^
lyx acute.

Mich. 1. p. 143. Purshji.p. 149.

culo ; racemo
so ; dentibus
acutis.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 840. Walt. p. 97.

Root perennial, Stem erect, 2 feet high, terete, sprinkled with
glandular hairs, purple doited with green. Leaves sessile, ovate Ian-'
ceolate, acute, the margins scabrous, contracted at base into a very
jrhort footstalk. Corymbs few flowered, alternate, clustered near the
summit of the stalk. Calyx angled; segments subulate, acuminate.
Tube of the corolla 3 or 4 times, longer than the calyx j segments of
the border obovate, rounded.

Grows in shaded places, preferring dry, rich soils.

Flowers May — July, sometimes in October.

7. Suave OLENS.

P. foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis, undique Ifevibus ;
p^uleglaberrinio; racemo

Leaves ovate lanceo-

late, smooth
brous

gla-

; stem
racemes panicu

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

245

late : teeth of the c Jyx
lanceolate, acute.

jjr.niculato ; (lentil)us ca-
ivcinis lanceolatis, acutis.
S]). pi. 1. p. 8 10.

Pursli, 1. p. 149.

P. maculata, var. h. Atich. 1. p. 14S.

Root perennial. Stun erect, C feet higli, clabrous below, pubescent
near tlic summit. Leaves very entire, t'ne votiii'^ fniely serrulate.
Sei^ments of the cali/.v somewhat mucronatc ; of tlig curulla obovate.
Corolla white.

If the plant above described, and whicli I have cultivated, is the
real P. suaveolens of the Hort Kew. it appears to be too nearly al-
lied to the P. maculata; although the stem and leaves aie more sla-
brous, and the segments of the calyx perhaps more ucununate, tb«
characters are scarcely distinct enoii'jjh to mark a speci«3.

Found near Savannah, by Mr. Usmler.

blowers June — July.

8. Caroltnx.

P. caule pubeseente ;
foliis ovato-lanceolatis,
glabris ; corymbis fastigi-
atis, ramulis subtiifloris :
denlibus calycinis lincari-
lanceolatis. Tursh, i.p.
14!).

Sp.pl. 1. p.
P. tri flora t

841. exclus. svu.
Mich. 1. p. 143.'

Stem pubescent ; leaves
ovate lanceolate, gla-
brous ; corymbs flisti^i-
ate, the branches ![2;eneral-
ly 3 lloNvcred ; tet^th of
the calyx linear lanceo-
late.

Stem erect. Leaves tapering, acute. Branches of the corynife some-
what scattered, 3 — 5 flowered. Cah/x glabrous. S»gni«uts yf the
corolla rounded, purple.

Grown in the upper districts of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers July — September.

9. XiTiDA. Pursh.

P. erecta, glaben inia ;
caule scabro ; foliis ova-
to-oblongis, subcoriaceis;
corymbis fastigiatis ; co-
rollae laciniis obovatis,
subretusis ; dentibus cu-

Erect, glabrous ; stem
scabrous ; leaves ovate
oblong, somewhat coria-
ceous ; corymbs fastigi-
ate; segments of the co-
rolla obovale, slightly re^

M6

PHNTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

lycinis lanceolatis, mu-
Pursli, 2j p.

cronatis.
730.

tiise ; segments of the.
calyx lanceolate, inucra*
nate.

p. ( arolina, Walt. p. 96.

Root perennial. Stem erect. 18 — 24 inches high, scabrous, with the
joints unusually close. Leaves ovate and lanceolate, nearly cori-
aceous, 2 — 3 inches long, 1 wide, dark green on the Uj)per surface,
pale underneatli. Corymbs numerous, many flowered. Segments of
the calyx lineai-* lanceolate, acuminate, slightly mucronate. Seg-
ments oi'the corolla obovate, dark purple.

This has generally been considered iu this country as the P. Caroli-
na, and the synonymcs under that species in the Sp. pi. from Miller
and Martyn's Cent. 10. t. 10. evidently refer to this plant. Linnaeus
however may have united two species under his P. Carolina.

Grows near Columbia, Soutli-Carolina. Mr. Hcrbemonf

Flowers May — June.

10. Glaberrima.

p. foUis lineal i-lanceo-
latis, glabiis ; caiile e rec-
to ; coj7mbo terminali,
subfastigiata ; dentibus
calycinis aciitis.

Leaves linear lanceo-
late, glabrous ; stem e-
rect ; corymb teiininal,
nearly fastigiate ; teeth
of tbe calyx acute.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 841. Mich. 1. p. 142. Pursh, 1. p. 149.

Soot perennial. Stem erect, 1 — 2 feet high, very smooth. Leaves
linear, long, very smooth, somewhat rigid, 2 — 3 inches long. 1 — 2
lines wide. Cor^mfes small. Segments of the ca/ya' linear lanccolatCj
acute; of the corolla nearly round.

I have a specimen with the leaves wider than the one described,
and scabrous along the margins.

Grows in flat pine barrens, from Coosawhatchie to Purysburgh.
Common.

Flowers May — June.

H. Arist\ta. Mich.

p. pubescens ; foliis
linearibus ; corymbis pau-
cifloris ; calycibus longe
aristatis.

Pubescent ; leaves h-

; corymbs few fiow-
; segments of the

near

ered

calyx terminating in long

awns.

Mich. I. p. 144. Pursh, 1. p. 150.

PENTA"^DRT\ MONOr.YNTV.

»f7

Piant sleiulor, erect. Leaves linear, erect or apjiressed. Tube <»f
llie citruUa sli^^litly curved ; segments obdvate. i?e>;ments of tlu' cu-
(y.v terminating in un awn mure than half the length ot' the tube uf tlie
curolla.

Grow s in the upper country of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.
^ Flowers May— June.

Leaves linear lanceo-
late, very downy, with
the margins revolute ; co-
rymbs ncaily fasti^iate,
bracteale ; teeth of tlie
calyx subulate, acute.

18. PlLOSA.

p. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis, pubentissimis, mar-
ginibus revohitis; corym-
bis subfiistigiatis, bracte-
atis ; (leiitibus calycinis
subulatis, acutis. Sp. pi.
1. p. 140.

Mich. 1. p. 14J ?

Root perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches iiigh, ]2;enerally erect, villous,
linijcd with purple, the ])ubcscence wiiite. Lraves erect, sessile, some-
what ovate, acute, scabrous, pubescent, the midrib very conspicuous,
1 — 2 inches Ions, '2 — 3 lines wide. Corymbs nearly sessile, 5 — 6
{lowered, surrounded by 3 or 4 ciliatc leaves^ as if bracteatcd. Seg-
ments of the cahjx subulate, very acute, hairy ; of the corolla obovate,
frequently acute, bright purple. S'lfle shorter than the stamens.

Grows in moderately dry, and rich soils. Very common in Chat-
ham county, Georgia.

Flowers March — April.

13. Am (EN A. Sims.

p. hirsuta; caulibus as-
surgentibus ; foliis ovato-
lanccolatis ; dentibus ca-
lyeinis subulatis ; corolla
glabra, lobis obtusis.

Bot. Magazine, No. 1308.
P. pilosa, Walt. p. 96.
Mich. 1. 145.

Stem decumbent. Leaves lanceolate. Corymbs manv flowered
Corolla bright purple ; segments obtuse.

As I am oidv ac(|uainted with this species through the medinm of
the Botanical Slaga/,ine, 1 cannot hpeak of it with certainty. It ap-
pears to dirt'er from F. pilosa, by its lanceolate leaves, the obtuse seg-
tnents of its corolla, perhaps by the want of biactcal leaves, and th(»

Hirsute ; stems as3ur«-
gent ; leaves ovate lan-
ceolate ; teeth of the ca-
lyx sul)ulate ; corolla gla-
brous, with the lobes ob-
tuse.

S48

PEjfTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

colour of the pubescence, which is white in the pilosa, giving the pt^nt
a hoary aspect. This appears to be tlie plant described both by Wal*
ter and Miclianx as the P. pilosa.

Grous near the ^antee Canal, where it was collected by Mr. Fraser^
land tanied to Kiirope.

Flowers April ? — May.

14. PiVARlCATA ?

P. foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, supcrioribus alter-
nis ; raniiilis divaiicatis,
laxis, paucifloris ; corol-
l?e laciniis siibobcordutis ;
deiitibus calycis subulatis.
Pursh, 1. p. 150.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 841.

Stem 1 — 2 feet hijh, nearly erect, very smooth. Leaves remote,
sessile, ovate, membranous. Flo ers in each corymb few, scattered
so as to appear solitary, particularly when the capsules are mature.
Se-rments of the cali/.v lon^-, sul)ulate ; of the corolla obovate .''

Found in the swamps of Savannah River, about 40 miles abov&^the
city of Savannah.

Flowers April.

Leaves oval lancea*-
late, the upper alter-
nate ; branches divari-
cate, loose, few flowered ;
sei2;nients of the corolla
slightly obcordate ; teeth
of the calyx subulate-

Pubescent, with creep*
ing suckers ; leaves
spathiilate obovate ; co-
rvmb few flowered ; the
teeth of the calyx subu-
late, reflexed.

15. RftPTANs. Mich.

P. pubescens, stoloni-
bus repentibus ; foliis
spathulato-obovatis ; co-
rymbo paucifloro ; denti-
bus calycinis subulatis,
reflexis.

Mich. 1. p. 145.

P. stolonifera, Bot. Mag. 563. Pursh, 1. p. 153.

B.00I perennial. Stem erect, 12 — 18 inches high, pubescent. St^m
le ves oval lanceolate. Leaves on the creeping suckers obovate, pu-
bescent. Corymbs few flowered. Segments of the calyx subulate
pubescent. Segments of the corolla obovate, nearly rounded.

Grows in the mouiitains of Carolina. Mich. For my specimens
of this plant I am indebted to Mr. Oemler, who collected them in
Maryland.

Flowers

w:ntandru monooynia.

StU

16. Su6UL\TA.

P. procuinbens, Iiirsu-
ta ; Ibliis subiilatis, cilia-
tij<; corvinbis paiuilloris ;
cwoIIr; ladniis cuiiealis,
emarginalis: deniihus ca-
lycis subulaiis lubocorol-
lie vixbrcvioril)Us. Pursh,
i. p. 15 1.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 842. Walt. p. 96.

Procumbent, liirsiitc ;
leaves subulate, clliatc ;
corymbs few flowered ;
segments of the corolla
euiicate, emarginatc ;
teetli of the calyx subu-
late, scarcely shorter than
the tube of the corolla

Mich. 1. p.

Root perennial, creepiiis;. Stem procumbent, assurgenf , branching,
very hairy. Leaves about an inch Ion;;, subulate, inucronate, very
hairy ; the lower oppor<ite, fasciculate, the upper somewhat alternate*
Flowers axillary, somewiiat solitaiy, crowded so as to resemble a
corymb. Cnb/.v hairy, segments linear, very acute. I ube of the cO'
rolla twice as lonijas the calyx ; segments of the border wedge shapetl^
emari;iiiate, of a pale rose colour, briglit at base. Style very short.
Slii^mas siimnle, acute

Grows in ury and light soils in the middle and upper coMntry. Perj^
haps the most ele-^ant species of this beautifai family.

Flowers February — May.

4 7. Setacea.

P. procumbens, birsu-
ta ; foliis fasciculatis. sub-
iilatis, cilialis ; pedicel-
lis paucis, subumbellatis ;
corolla? hiciniis cuncatis,
emarginatis ; dentibus ca-
lycis subulatis, tubo co-
rolhc triplo brevioribus.
Pursh, 1. p. 151.

Procumbent, hairy 5
leaves fasciculate, subu-
late, ciliate ; pedicels few
flowered, somewhat urn-
belled ; segments of the
corolla cuneatc, emargi-
natc ; teeth of the calyx
subulate, much shorter
than the tube of the co-
rolla.

Sp. pi. I. p. 8-42. Bot. Mag. 415.

Stem procumbent, assurgcnt. leaves longer, and for the most part
finer and more hairy than tho^^e of the P. subulata. Flowers generally
solitary, forming small terminal corymbs. Cnrnlln larg«» ; segments
of the corolla wedge shaped, emarginato.

Found in Carolina by Mr. Fraser.

Flowers April — May.

UdO

PENTANDRIA MONO€iYN|A»

CONVOLVULUS.

Corolla campaniilata,
plicata. Stigmata ^.
Capsula g-locularis ; lo-
cub's dispennis.

* Caule prostrato vel
nan vohibili.

1. Tenellus.

C. foliis ellipticis, mii-
cronatis, basi subcordatis ;
pedunculis multifloris, fo-
liis longioribus ; stylo bi-
partito. Sp.pl. l. p.&6l.

C. humistratus, Walt. p. 94.

C. trichosanthes, Mich. 1. p. 137.

Corolla campanulate,
plicate. Stigmas 2, Cap-
sule 2 celled ; cells 2
seeded.

* Stefn prostrate
not twining.

or

Leaves elliptic, mucro-
nate, somewhat cordate
at base ; peduncles many
flowered, longer than the
leaves ; style ;2 parted:.

Pursli, 1. p. 143.

Jloot perennial. Stem prostrate, branchins; at base, hairj. Leaves^
entire, somewhat hairy, on very short footstalks. Peduncles axillarj,
twice as long as the leaves. Flowers (generally 3 — 5) fasciculated at
the summit. Bracteas 2 at the summit of the common peduncle.
Calyx 5 leaved, leaves oval, acuminate, ciliate, persistent. Corolla
campanulate, small, white, externally hairy, with the margin obscure-
ly 10 toothed. Filaments 5, (sometimes 6 P) villous, equal, inserted
into the tube of the corolla. Anthers sagittate, erect. Germ supe-
rior, ovate, villous at the summit, surrounded at base by a glandular
orange coloured ring. Style longer than the stamens, deeply 2 cleft.,
Siigmas 2, globose. Capsule hairy, 4 celled, each cell one seeded.

Grows in dry sandy soils. Very common.

Flowers June— September.

Of this species, which is so distinct by its style cleft frequently to
the very base, the late J3r. Brickell of Savannah, proposed to consti-
tute a new genus. Mr. Le Conte more correctly considers it as the
only real Convolvulus we pos&ess ; yet its stigmas are globose, and
by its capsule it approaches very near to the genus Evolvulus.

2. Aquaticus. Walt.

C. tomentosus ; foliis | Tomentose ; leaves
ohlongo-ovatis, subsessili- | oblong ovate, nearly ses-
bus J pedunculis subtri- ) sile , peduncles generaL

PENTANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

MBi

•floris, foliis triplo lon^io-
riljus ; stylo bipartito. E.

ly 3 llowcrcd, 3 times as
lonii; as the leaves : style
2 parted.

Walt. p. ^.

C. tricliosantliPB, var. pateus, Pursh, 1. p. 1-48.

This plant has much aftinity to the pn'cciling, but I concur with
AValter, in coiisidcrin;^ (hem distinct. The whole plant is tomen-
tose ; the leaves nanov\eranil loni;er ; the peduncles aiino&t uniformly
3 flowered ; the corctlla ruse coloured, very hairy, and smaller tlian
that of the C. tcnellus; the capsule tomentose. I'heir habitat too is
distinct. This jsjrows in damp pine barrens, and around ponds in the
middle country, in clayey soils.

Servern county, Ld'uisville, Georgia j Mr. Jackson. St. Johns, Dr
Macbride.

Flowers throush the summer.

3. Sherardi.

C. huniilusi's, piibcs-

cens ; foliis ellipticis, u-

ti'inqiie retusis, nuicrona-

ti.s ; floribus solitariis,

subsessilibus. Purbh, 2.

p. 730

Described by Pursh from a specimen in Sherard's herbarium, col-
lected in Carolina by Catesby. 1 have in my herbarium a specimen
collected near Louisvdle, Gcoriria, by Mr. Jackson, in which t!ie ped-
uncles are uniforiwly 1 flowered, but they are as lonir as the leaves,
and the plant appears to be only a variety of C. tenclluSj from which
tliis only differs by its shortened peduncles.

Pi'ostrate, pubescent ;
leaves elliptic, retuse at
oacb end, niucionate ;
Ilowers solitary, nearly
sessile.

Leaves cordate oval,
pubescent, lioary : stein
straight ; peduncles i
flowered ; shorter than
the leaves.

4. SririiAM.f:us.

C. foliis cordato-ovali-
bus, pubescentihus, inca-
iiis; caule recto ; pedun-
culis unifloris, foliis bre-
vioiibus. Sp. pi. i.p.873.

Walt. p. 93.

C. stans r Mich. 1. p. 136.
Calysteg;ia spithanuea, Pursh, 1. p. 143.

Stem erect, branching, pubescent. Leaves on very short petioles,
Oval, pubescent, the lower slightly cordate. Fluivers t-olitarv, axilla-
rV) on peduncles nearly as l<m<» as the leaf. {Uracteas mucli loDj^er
tfian tlie calyx. Corolla white. Sti;;ma oblong. Mich.)
(irows in dry soih, Pennsylvania to Carolina. Purelu
Flower* June — July,

9^9

TBNTANDRIA MONOGYNiA,

5, Obtusilobus. Mich.

C. caule prostrate ; fo-
liis crassis, sinuato-loba-
tis, emarginatis ; lobis ro-
tund atis ; pedunculis uni-
£oris.

Stem prostrate ; leaves
thick, sinuate, lobed,
emarginate ; lobes round-
ed ; peduncles 1 flower-
ed.

Mich. l.p. 139. Pursh, 1. p. 144.

Boot perennial. Stem herbaceous, glabrous, branching. Leaves
alternate, nearly hastate ; the lateral lobes frequently bifid, obtuse>
the middle lobe larger, obovate, all strongly veined, entire ; petioles
1 — 3 inches long. Peduncles longer than the leaves, furnished with
two small st.pules near the middle. Calyx acuminate, without brae-
teas, lactescent. Corolla large, white, with a yellow tube. Filaments
much shorter thae the corolla, tomentose at base. Style as long a^
the stamens, 2 cleft at the summit. Stigmas 2, globose*

Grows on the sand hills exposed to the ocean.

Flowers August — October,

I **" Stem txvining.

Leaves cordate, undi-
vided ; fruit nodding, on
thickened footstalks*

** Caiile voliibilL

6. PURPUREUS.

C. foliis cordatis, indi-

visis ; fructibus cernuis ;

pedicellis incrassatis, Sp.

pi. 1. p. 852,

Walt. p. 93.

Bot. Mag. No. 113.

Ipomcea purpurea, Pursh, 1. p. 146.

Jtoot annual. Stem twining around small shrubs, hairy, some-
times ascending to a considerable height. Leaves strictly cordate,
undivided, entire, slightly acuminate. Peduncles 1 — 3 flowered. Ca--
lyx hairy. Corolla funnel shaped, blue and purple, sometimes neare
ly white;

Very commn in gardens, and met with occasionally around enclo-
sures. Appears to be an imported plant, not entirely naturalized.

Flowers through the summer. Morning glory.

m, Macrorhizus.
C. foliis cordatis, sim-
plicibus lobatisque, ru-

Leaves
pie and

cordate, sim-
lobed, much

PENTANDR'A MONOCYNIA. 253

gosissimis, eiiblus piii)cs.
cciitibiis:])cilunculis i — 5
flu lis. E.

wriiiklcMl, pubescent un-
(lerncatli: peduncles 1 — .S
nowercd.

Iponifpa macrorliiza, Midi. 1. p. 141.
C. Jnlapa ? Sp. pi. 1 p. 8G().
Ipoincea Jalapa, Pursli, 1. p. 146.

Root perennial, somewhat fusiform, very large, weiphinjj when old
rroin 40 to 50 pomuls. white, farinaceous, insipid. >Sfvin twining
around shrubs and fences, sli'jjhtly angled, puWescciit. The youn^ /♦'Ofc^
acute, and tonientose on tiie urMcr surface, t!ie v)lil leaves frpquently
ol)tuse, and slii^htly muiicaie : petioles I — -I inches lonj;. I'cdnncles
about 3 inches lonu;. 1 — .i flowered. Cahjv pubescent. L'ornlla lar^ie ;
border obscurely lu looed, externally pubescent, white, tin2;ed with,
p'lrple. Filnments unequal, as lon^; as the tube of the corolla, villous
and purple \t base. Style as lon-j; as the stamens, 2 cleft at tlie sum-
mit SU<:;iiui>i globose. Capsule 9 — .1 valved, 2 — ^ celled. Seedg
dark brown, clotiied witli lon;^ silky brown hairs The whole plant
lactescent.

Grows in the sandy soils of the Islands of Georgia and C arolina.

Flowers June — October.

This has been generally considered by modern botanists as the C»
Jalapa of Linna-us ; but wiiile the external chaiaotcrs of the two plants
appear in many respects lo a2;ree. tiie me<li(al qualities of tliis by
no means resemble tliose of the othoinal Jalap. We must therefore
conclude eitiier that modern botj:iists have mistaken the plant of Lin-
neeus, or that climate has totally changed or destroyed its active pro-
p'^rties ; or, w!iat is equally pro'jable, that the plant producing the
officinal Jalap lias been concealed by the jealous vigilance of the Indi-
genes from tlie curiosity of Europeans.

To Dr. Baldwin 1 am indebted for the following obsenations
on this plant.

" My inlormation respecting the medical qualities ftf the I. macro-
rhiza, ^ ich. has been derived from actual experiment. Six drams of
the pulvcrixcd ro»)t has beeii given uruK^r my notice, without producing
any cathartic eftect. 1 have also subjected the dricMl root to the test
of cheiiiical analysis, and fimnd it ti» contain no resin (in which the
active powers of the ofhcinal Jalap reside.'"), or so small a rpiantity as
not to nrevent its being used as an article (d diet. It contains a greaf
deal of saccharine, along with a consideral>le quantity of farinaceous
matter. It is probablv not more cathartic than the C Batatas, nor
contains more resin. Negroes 1 have been informed bometimoe eat

254 PENTANDJtiA MONOGYNIA,

Leaves cordate, entire
or lobed, and pandurse.
form ; calyx smooth.

8. Panduratus.

C. foliis cordatis, inte-
gris lobatisve, panduree-
formibus ; calycibus Isevi-
bus. Sp. pi. 1. p. 850.

Walt. p. 93.

Mich. I. p. 135. Pursh, 1. p. 144.

Eoot perennial, large, penetrating several feet into the earth. Stem
terete, the young branches pubescent, the oI<J nearly smooth. Leaves
sometimes 3 lobed, entire, niucronate, pubescent, uudernejith slightly
glaucous ; petioles 2 inches long. Peduncles and calyx lactescent ;
peduncles 1 — 2 inehes long, 1 — 5 flowered, furnished witli 2 small
stipules. Corolla large, the border slightly lobed, white, with a pur-
ple tube. Filaments very villous at base. (S7f^ma just cloven intw(v
globose, white.

Grows in dry, shaded soils.

Flowers May — August.

The root is bitterish and somewhat astringent to the taste, it con-
tains some resin, and certainly possesses some cathartic power, but
probably in too slight a degree to bring it into use as a substitute
for Jalap as has been proposed.

In the form of infusion or decoction it is said to be very service-
able in gravel. Barton's Collections, Part II, p. 49.

Wild potato-vine.

9. Sagittifolius. Mich.

C. foliis sagittatis, au-
riculis longis, acutis ;
caiile volubili ; peduncu-
lis unifloris. E.

Leaves sagittate, with
the auricles long, acute ;
stem twining ; peduncles
1 flowered.

Mich. 1. p. 138. Pursh, l.p. 144.
C. speciosus, Walt. p. 93.

Boot perennial. Stem glabrous, terete, twining around humblo
shrubs, sometimes prostrate. Leaves glabrous, entire ; auricles long,
diverging, acute ; petioles 1 — 2 inches long. Flowers axillary, soli-
tary ', peduncles about an inch long, furnished with 2 small bracteas.
Curv la large, purple. Filaments unequal, very villous at base, not
half as long as the corolla. Jlnthers white. Style longer than the
stamens, 2 cleft. Stigmas 2, globose, white. Capsule 2 — 3 valved,
2 celled.

Very near to C. Wheleri ; Linnteus under that species, and Michaux
under his Sagittifolius both refer to the same figure in Plukenet,
Aim. t. 85. f. 3. Catesby, vol. 1. pi. 35. represents this species.

Grows along the margins of salt water, among rushes and saline
plants.

Flowers through the whole summer.

FHNTAITDRIA MdNOGTNIA<

2^&

i(3. CATEsnEiANVs. Piirsli.

C. volul)ilis, tomento-
dus ; foliis ohl()n«j;is, sa2;it-
tatis, acuminatis ; pcduri-
tulis uninoris, foliis brc-
vioribiis ; r)ra('teis ovali-
.bus, obtusis, calycc loii^i-

Twinins;, tomcntose ;
leaves obloiii^, sngittate,
acuminate ; peduncles 1
flowered, shorter than
tlie leavj's; hracteas oval,
obtuse, longer than the
calvx.

oribus.

Calfstegia Catesbciana, Pursh, 2. 729.
Flowers large, purple.

Described by Piirsli from Rpf'cimens in t! e Herbarium of Sherard j
*)llected by Catesby in Carolina.

11. Paradoxus. Pursh.

C. humifusus, tomcii-
tosus; foliis ohlongis, cor-
dato-sagittatis, acutis ;
pcduiiculis unilloris, folio
longiorious ; bracteis a
flore remotis, linearibus {
calycibus nudis, glabris,
acuminatis.

Prostrate, tomentose ;
leaves oblong, cordate
sagittate, acute ; pedun-
cles 1 flowered, longer
than the leaves ; bractcas
linear, remote from the
flowers; calyx naked, gla-
brous, acuminate.

Calystegia paradoxa, Pursh, 2, p. 729.

Flowers large, white.

I have inserted this species, which has beiMi described by PursU
fi-om specimens in Sher:ird\s Herbarium, althougli it is uncertain
whether tliey are collected in Virginia or Carolina.

12. Repens.

C. foliis sagittatis, pos-
tice obtusis ; caule volu-
bili ; pedunculis uniiloris.
E.

Leaves sagittate, the
auiicles obtuse ; stem
twilling ; peduncles 1
tlowcr-^d.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 874. Walt. p. 93. Midi. 1. p. 137.
Calystcgia scpium, Pursh, I. p. 142.

Stem perennial ? Stem twining; arouiul shrubs and rushes, sometimes
slightly angled, pubescent. Leaves very entire, pubescent ; the auri-
•^Ics some^mc^ truncate ; petioles 3 — I inches long, //oit-ers axilla-

^56 JPENTANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

rv, solitary ; peduncles about 3 inches lonz, thickened upwardl-, pti>
bescent. Bracteas 2 at the base of the calyx, cordate ovato, acumi-.
nate, Ioniser than the calyx. Corolla white, tinged with rose Cf)lour,
the tube lonjr, the border obscurely 4 lobed, with the lobes oinarj;inate.
Filaments equal, shorter than the corolla, hairy at base. Germ gla-
brous. Sfi/ e longer than the stamens, slightly 2 cleft. Stigmas 2g
n-Iobose, white. Capsule 3 valved, 3 celled.

Pursh mentions on the authority of R. Brown, that the C. sepium
and repens of Linnaeus are th same.

Grows in swamps and marshes near the mouths of fresh water rivers.

Flowers April — May.

*** piorihus aggvegatis. | *** Flowers clustered.
13. Tamnifolius.

C. foliis cordatis, acu-
miriatis, pilosis ; floribus

Leaves cordate, acu-
minate, hairy ; flowei-s
clustered.

aggregalis.

Ipomcea Tamnifolia, Sp. pi. 1. p.

Jtoot annual. Stem twining, around small shrubs, terete, muri-
cate, hairy. Leaves slight'v undulate, entire, glabrous on the
upper surface, Avith the margins hairy ; the veins underneath muri-
cate ; petioles 2 — 4 inches long. Flowers in cai<itate, dichotomous
clusters, 16 — 18 flowered ; common peduncles 2 — 4 inches long, nui-
ricate, hairy. Bracteas 10 — 12 leaves at the base of each head, of
which the two exterior are large. Leaves of the calyx acute, verj
villous. Corolla campanu ate, small, scarcely longer than the calyx,
5 toothed, blue. Filaments unequal, half as long as the corolla.
Style as long as the stamens, slightly 2 cleft. Stigmas 2, globose.
Capsule almost 4 angled, 2 celled, clothed with the calyx. Seeds 2
in each cell.

Grows in cultivated high lands. Paris Island. Augusta, Georgia,
Mr. Squibb.

Flowers August — October.

I have found it impossible to mark by anj^ certain characters the
limits which separate the genus Convolvulus from the Ipomcea. The
transition from the globosp, undivided stigma, to the deeply cloven
style, is so gradual in dilFerent species, as to render it difficult to
determine the termination of one genus, and the commencement of
the other. \,i we confijie the Convolvulus to those plants which have
oblong, thickened stigmas, all of our species must be transferred to
Ipomcea.

I have for the present transferred to the Ipomcea all the species
with stigmas undivided, although sometimes furrowed, and retained
in Convolvulus tlutse with two distinct stigmas. This arrangement^
which is by no means satisfactory, has caused the removal of I. lam-
nifolia and macrorhiza to Convolvulus ; and of C. Carolinus to Ipo-

PENTANDRTV MONOGA'NlA.

s.r

IPOMn:V. Gen. pl. 288.

Cor oil n i n f 111 u 1 i I ) u 1 i t b r-
mis. Stigma capitato-
G;loI)osum. Capsiila 3
lociilaris.

i. Okbtcularis. E.

I. foliis orl)icuIatis, e-
mars;inatis, venosis, ,i;la-
bris ; pccUiuculis subtri-
iloiis ; corolla purpurea,
tul)o brevi ; caulc pros-
trato. E.

Corolla funnel phaped.
Sfiirwn cai)itatc globose.
Capsule 3 celled.

Leaves circular, cmar-
a;inate, stronj^ly veined,
gIal)rous: peduncles gen-
erally 3 Hoovered; corol-
la purple, witb a sboit
tube ; stem prostrate.

Stem prostrate, slisihtly rous;!icne(l. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, cir-
cular, S(»nictiines nearly renilnrm, coriaceous, (perhaps succulent");
petioles '2 — 3 inches long. I'edintcles as long as tlie petioles; partial
peduncles 1 — '2 inches long, all furnished with bracteas. Leaves of
the cali/.v ovate, slightly mucronatc. Corolla large; tube short.

This plant has been considered by many as the I. bona nox of Lin-
na^is; it may perhaps vary, but many specimens which I have receiv*
ed from difierent persons agree with each other so much in general
character and appearance, and ditfor so widely from the fio-ures to
which wc are referred for the I. bona nox in the Species Plantarum,
that it appeared to n»e most adviseable to fiirm of it a distinct species.

Grows on t!ie saiuls hills along the sea shore on Cumberland Island,
Georgia.

Flowers throush the summer.

2. Bona Nox.

1. glal)errinia ; foliis
cordatis, integris sen an-
gulatis ; pedunculis 1 — 3
lloris : calycibus aristatis;
coroUis iiidivisis, tubo
longissimo. Pursh, l,p.

14.3.

S... pl. 1. p. 88-2. Sloan's .Tamaica, I.t %. f. 1. Rot. Mag. 752.

Stem prostrate, roughened, sometimes prickly. Leaves cordate,
more or less angled, with along acumifiatioii. C'oro//« large, white.

Grows along the margins of rivers iti Carolina and Florida. Pursh.
I doubt much whether this |)lant lias been found to the north of Flori-
da. "Die preceding lias probably been mistakcu for it.

Flowers July — August.

Very gla])rous ; leaves
cordate, entire or angled ;
peduncles i — 3 lower-
ed ; calvx awned ; corol-
la un(li\i(led, with the
tul)c very long.

S58

iraVTANDRlA MONOOYNlAe

3. COCCINEA.

I. foliis cordatis, acu-
minatis, basi angulatis ;
pedunculis inultifloris.
Sp. pi 1. p. 880.

Walt. p. 97. Mich. 1. p. 140.

Leaves cordate, acumi-
nate, angled at base ;
peduncles many flower-
ed.

Pursh, 1. p. 145.

Root annual. Stem twining, climbing over small shrubs. Leaves
alternate, on petioles 1 — 2 inclies long. Peduncles as long as the pe-
ti3les, 3 — 5 flowered. Calyx awned. Coralla hypocraterifoi m, scar-
let, the plaits of a paler colour, the margins nearly entire.

Rare along the sea cost, very common in the middle country (Dr.
Macbride), preferring damp, rich soils j in the corn fields in St. Johns
verv common.

Flowers through the summero

4. Trichocarp^.

I. foliis cordatis, inte-
gris trilobisque, villosis ;
caiycibus ciliatis ; capsu-
iis hii'sutis ; pedunculis
Sub-bifloris.

Leaves entire, cordate
and 3 lobed, villous ; ca-
lyx ciliate ; capsules hai-
ry ; peduncles generally
2 flowered.

Mich. 1. p. 139.

Walt. p. 93.

I. Carolina, Pursh, I. p. 145.

Convolvulus Carolinus, Sp. pi. 2. p. 851.

Dill. Hort. Eltham. t. 84. f. 98.

Boot annual. Stem twining, climbing over small shrubs, slightly
angled, somewhat roui2;h, hairy, Le.:ves wlien young generally cor-
date, the old deeply 3 lobed, with the lobes acuminate and angled near
the base, the margins frequently coloured (purple) ; petioles 1 — 2
inches long. Feduncles as long as the petioles, 1 — 3 flowered. Brac-
teas 2 at each division of the peduncle, linear lanceolate, acuminate,
hairy, 3 — 5 lines long. Leaves of tlie caly.v oblong, acuminate, cili-
ate, slightly hairy, not longer than the mature capsule. Corolla pir-
ple, sometimes pink, pubescent on the inside near the base. Fik'
ments alittle shorter than the corolla, pubescent at base, white. An-
thers purple. Germ villous. Style as long as the stamens. Stigma
globose, undivided. Capsule hairy, 4 celled, 4 valved ; the trans-
verse dissepiments extending to the circumference of the capsule.
Seed one in each cell.

Grows in dry cultivated lands, very common.

Flowers July — October.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNY^.

959

Hirsute ; leaves cor-
date, 3 lolled ; peduncles
slioit, 1 — 3 Howered ;
calyx very villous, muri-
cute, poiiueth

5. Nil.

I. hirsuta; folii« cordatis,
trilohis ; peduiiculis hre-
vi!)us, 1 — 8tl()iis; calyci-
l)us villosissimis, niurica-
tis, lonpjissinc acuininatis.

Pursh, 1. p. 140.

Convolvulus nil, Sp. pi. 1. p. 851. Mich. 1. p. 139,

Enot annual. St''in twininjj, hairy, climbins; over small shrubs.
Leaves corii'dte^ acuminate, tlie old 3 lobcd. Feduncles hhorter tha.n
tiie petiole, 1 — ;3 flmvereil. Segments of the caly.v subuhite, lon^.
Corolla funnel shaped, white at l»ase, blue towards the margin ; the
border obscurely 5 angled. Uti^ma undivided, globose. Capbult
glabrous.

Thisplant has been considered by some of our best botanists as the
Ipomoea lacunosa, but it a2;rees exactly witli the fiijure in Dill. Hort.
Eltli. t. 80. f. 9:2. referred to as the C. nil, by Lin. wliilc it has no
resemblance to f. 102, t. 87. which is quoted under Ipomoea latu-
nosa.

Grows in dry cultivated n;round. Very common.

Flowers August — October.

6. Lacunosa.

I. glabra : foliis corda-
tis, acuminatis, hasi an-
gulatis ; pedunculis brc-
vibus, subunifloris ; caly-
cil)s pilosis ; corollis tu-
bulosis, brevibus; capsu-
lis pilosis. Pursh, l. p.
14j.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 881. Mich. 1.

Floicent white, with a purple
Grows in Carolina Mich. I
plant resemhliiis; the fiicjure Dill
by Linnaeus as his 1. lacunosa.

Glabrous; leaves cor-
date, acuminate, an'j^led
at base ; peduncles short,
generally 1 flowered ;
calyx hairy ; cor(;lla tu-*
bular, siiort ; capsule
haiiy.

140.

have never seen in this conntrv anj
. Hurt. Elth. t. 87. f. 102. referred tQ

7. DlSSECPA.

1. caulp petiolispedun-
culisfjue pilo^^i.--iInis; i'o-

liibglabris, 7 partilu-loba- leaves ijlabrous, 7 lobed,

Stem with petioles anci
ncduiules >erv hairy ;

S60

PENTANDRIA MONOG\NIA.

•, 1,

tis, laciniis sinuatis ; ped-

unculis unifloris ; laciniis

calycis ovalibus ; corollis

campanulatis. Pursh

p. 145.

Convolvulus dissectus, Sp. pi. 1. p. 864. Mich 1. p. 139

, Grows in calcareous soils, Georgia and Florida. Pursli.
Flowers July.

the segments sinuate ;
peduncles l flowered ;
segments of the calvx
oval ; corolla campanu-
late.

8. Carolina.

I. foliis digitatis ; foli-
olis petiolatis ; peduncu-
lis unifloris. Sp. pi. i. p.
880.

Leaves digitate ;
lets on petioles ;
uncles 1 flowered.

Gates. Car. vol. 2.

19. t. 19.

leaf.
ped-

From the name of this plant Linneeus appears to have considered it
as a native of Carolina : it is also inserted in Muhlenberg's Cata-
logue, but I doubt whether it has ever been found in South-Carolina
or Georgia. Catesby says expressly that it inhabits the Bahama
islands.

Stem twining. Leaflets linear-lanceolate, 5 to T composing each
leal. Corolla funnel shaped, blue.

CANTIJA. Jlss. Gi-N. pl. i:>2.

Calyx 3 — 5 fidus. Co-
rolla infundibuliformis.
Stigma trilidum. Capsu-
la supera, 3-locularis, 3-
valvis, polyspeima. Se-
mma alata.

Calyx 3 — ^ cleft. Co-
rolla 1 u n n el sh ape d . Stig-
ma 3 cleft. Capsule su-
perior, 3 celled, 3 valved

many seeded.
win2;edo

Seeds

I. CORONOPIFOLIA. WUld.

C. foliis pinnatilidis ;
floribus terminalibus, ped-
iinculatis,laxe racemosis ;
corolla calyce tiiplo lon-
giore.

bp. pl. 1. p. 879. Pursh, 1. p

Leaves pinnatifid ; flow-
ers terminal, on pedun-
cles, in loose racemes ;
corolla thrice as long as
the calyx.

147.

Ijiomopsis ele^aas, Mich 1. p. 142. Hoit. Kcw. 1. p.

PENTANDIUA MONOGYNIA.

1t6i

Root fibrous, biennial ? Stnn'i — 3 feet l»i;;h, pubescent Leaves scs-
3ili', .somewhat fasciculate, piiinatiful ; se'j;uieiits linear, sinoolli, d.it-
ted. fVo/tTrs in a racemose panicle ; tue branches sliort, leafy, ('a-
li/.r tubular, pubescent : sei^meuts subulatf, as loni;; as the tube. Co-
voVa bright reil, witliin yellmv, beantifuilv dotted uithreil. Fila-
ments unequal, inserted near the siunmit of the tube, nearly as Ion"
as the corolla. iS7^/<> as lon.;as the stainetis. A»'ij:f »in spotte«l. Can-
sule oblong, obtuse, 3 furrowed. St\"d anj^ular, scarc^/y wiwed.

Few plants are seen in our s^ardons of eijual iieatitv.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia. Sent im
from Columbia, by Mr. Ilerbomont. Found near ist. >lar}s, by Dr.
Baldwin.

Fluuers Julv.

POLEMONIUM. Gen. i>l.

Corolla 5 parted; tlie
bottom closed with valves
bearing the stamens.
Stis^ma 3 cleft. Capsule
superior.

celled,

Corolla 5-partita; fun-
do clauso valvis stamini-
fcris. Stis^ma S-tidum.
Capsula 3-loculaiis, su-
pera.

i. Reptans.

P. foliispinnatis, septe-
nis ; floribus terminali-
bus, nutantibus. Sp. pi.
1. p. 886.

Pursh, l.p. 151. Mich. 1. p. 142.

Root perennial, creepin;;. Stem erect, 1 — 2 feet hi^h, much branch-
ed, glabrous. Leaves pinnate (my specimens have more fre(|uentlv
9 and 1 1 than 7 on a common petiole.) Leaflets lanceolate, acute, en.
tire. glal)rous. Ca/^.r 5 cleft. Filaments m\xc\\ shorter than the co-
rolla, dilated at base, inserted into the tube of the corolla. Sttjle
longer than the stamens.

Gryws in the vallies of tiic mountains.

Flowers.

Leaves pinnate, gene-
rally by sevens ; flowers
terminal, noddiiiff.

CAMPANULA. Gen. pl.

Corolla campanulata;
fundo clauso valvis stami-
iiiferis. Stigma 3-ti(lum.
Capsula infera, poiis latc-
ralibu5 dehiscens.

Corolla canipanulatr;
the bottom closed with
valves bearirvg the sta-
mens. Stigma 3 cleft.
Capsule inferior, opening
through lateral pores.

S69

PENTANDMA MONOGYNIA.

i. Amplexicaulis. Mich.

C. caiile simplici; fo-
liis conlatis, dentatis, am-
plexicaulibus ; floribus
sessililms, aggrcgalis,

Mich. 1. p. 108.

C. perfoliata, Sp. pi. 1. 9t5.

— Walt. p. 100.

Stem simple ; leaves
cordate, toothed, amplex-
icaule ; flowers sessile,
clustered.

Pursh, 1. p. 160.

jRooi annual, somewhat fusiform. Stem 6 — 12 inches high, gene-
rally simple, erect, 5 angled, the angles retrorsely aculeate. Leaves
sessile, pubescent, 7iever perfoliate, closely embracing the stem.
Flowers 1 — 5 in the bosom of eacli leaf. Calyx 1 h aveil, persistent,
5 parted, sometimes 3 — 4 ; segments lanceolate, acute, mucronate,
sparingly ciliate. Corolla 1 petalled, inserted into the summit of the
germ, purple ; the border 5 cleft, segments acute. Filaments about
half the length of the corolla, dilated at base and closing the base of
the corolla. Anthers erect, 2 lobed, pale purple. Germ inferior, ob-
long, angled. Style filiform, longer than the stamens, pubescent to-
wards the summit. Capsule ob\oiv^, angled, 8 celled, crowned with
the calyx, opening by 3 lateral valves ? Seeds ovate, slightly com-
pressed, attached to a central receptacle.

As the leaves of this plant are never perfoliate, it appears to be im-
proper to retain the name given it by Linnaeus.

Grows in dry cultivated ground. Very common.

Flowers April.

2. A.CUMTNATA. Mich.

C. foliis lanceolatis, a-

serratis, gla-
fasciculata ;

Leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate, serrate, glabrous ;
spike clustered ; corolla,
campanulate rotate.

cummatis,

bris ; spica

corollis campanulato-ro

tatis. E.

Sp. pi. I, p. 899. Mich. 2. p. 108. Pursh, 1. p. 159.

' 'Root perennial. Stem erect, 2 — 3 feet high, terete, glabrous..
Leaves remotely serrate, attenuate at base, thin, very smooth.. Flow-
frs generally by threes in the axil of each leaf; peduncles very short.
Corolla blue. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Style much longer.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers July — August.

3 DivARic*T\. Mich.
C. foliis lanceolatis,
acutisjgrosse serralis, gla-

Le a ves lanceolate, acute,
with large serraturcsj glu-

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

263

hrous ; panicle expand-
rtowers noddin!

»iii5 5

1J9.

'o*

bris ; ])aniciilis patenti-
bus ; noribus nutantlbus.
E.

Mich. 1. p. 109. Pursh, 1. p.

Stem croct, i. feet lii2;li, i;lal)rous. Lfnvefi sessile, the summit loni^,
taperin-^ ai»<l very acute ; a clu>ter of small leaves iti each axil. Pan*
ii7«« terminal ; branches cxpandint;, sometiines divancate. Flowers
solitary, small, with small linear and subulate leaves at each divisiua
ol the panicle.

rollecfed in the mountains of Carolina by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers September.

4. EuiNOIDES.

C. caulibus diffiisis ;
foliis lanceoiatis, decur-
rentibus. lineascabra; Ho-
ril)us petlunciilatis, solita-
riis. Sp. pi. 1 . p. 1 1 7.

Stem diflTused ; leaves
lanceolate, soniewbatscr*
rate, decuiTent, vvltb a
scabrous line; flowers on
peduncles, solitarv.

Bigelow, p. 54.

C. Aparinoides, Pursh, 8. p. 109.

C flexousa? Mich. 1. p. 109. Pursh, 1. p. 159.

Bnnt perennial? Stem 12 — 13 inches hi<2;h, decumbent, flexuous.
angled by the decurrent leaves, ano;les retrorsely aculeate. leaves
small, lanceolate, serrate, with the margins and midrib also retrorsely
aculeate. Panicle distinct. Flowers small, solitary, terminal, nod-
ding.

This species agrees so exactly with the description of the C. Erinoi-
dcs of LincEus, that I strongly suspect he was misinformed as to the
native so I of the plant, when he recorded it as an African species. If
his C. Krinoides came really from Africa I have no doubt but this plant
is a distinct species.

Grows in the mountains of South-Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers August,

SAMOLUS. Gen. pl.

Corolla hypocraterifor-
mis. Stamina iiiunita
squamis corolla?. Capsu-
la l-loculai'is, iiifera.

1. Valerandi. Sp. p

Corolla hypocrateri.
form. Stamens p;uarded
by tbe scales of tbe co.
roll a. Capsule i celled,
inferior.
1. p. 9^7.

264

PENTANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

5oof perennial. Stem herbaceous, 8 — 12 indies high, generally sim-
p!e. /.farei. obovate, obtuse, entire, tapering at base to a footstalk
nearly an inch long. Flowers in a terminal, loose raceme. Feclundea
about an inch long. Flowers small, white.

Grows in bogs and wet places.

Flowers through the summer.

LOBELIA. Gen. pl.

^ Calyx 5-fidus. Corol-
la i-petala, irregiilaiis.
Jlntherce cohjcrentes.
Capmla infera, 2 — 3 lo-
culaiis.

1. Kai.mii.

L. caule erecto, graci-
li; Ibliis radicalihus spa-
tliiilato-ovatis, caiilinis li-
nearihus, sulnntegris ; ra-
cerno tcrminali, spaisi-
floro. E.

Sp.pl. l.p.OSO. Walt. p. 21 8.

Calyx 5 cleft. Co7'ol-
la 1 petalled. irregular.
Ahthers cohciing, and
forming a tube. Capsule
inferior, ^ — 3 celled.

Stem erect, slender ;
root leaves spathulate,
ovate, stem leaves linear,
nearly entire ; raceme
terminal, with tiie ilowers
scatteied. ♦

Mich. 2. p. 153. Pursh,2.p. 446.

^f)of perennial. Stem ^ — 2 feet high, very slender, ^i^m leaves
small, linear, nearly subulate ; radical leaves spathulate, ovate, some-
times nearly orbiculaie, pubescent. Floxvers small, attenuate, remote,
on peduncles 3 — 4 lines long. r'a/?,w small, tube cup-shaped ; bor-
c er 4 cleft; segments subulate, longer than the tube. Corolla 1 pe-
talled, irregular, pale blue, tube split on the upper side to the base;
border 3 cleft, the two lateral segments subulate, retlexed, the middle
segment larger, 3 cleft, with th.e middle division again the largest : all
ovate, acute. Filnmevts linear, pubescent, with the corolla generally
inserted into the cal\ x, continuing to the base of the germ. Jinthers
cohering into a tube^ incurved, pale blue, at tiic summit very villous,
openiiT^ along th'^ inner surface. Germ superior, ovate. Strjle fili-
form, as long as tl.e stamens. Stigma compiesseil, villous. Capsule
2 valved, 2 celled, surrouiuled by the persistent calyx. Seed numa-
roiis, ovate, attachtd to a central receptacle.

(iiows in damp, poor soils.

Flowers Mav — Aii'nist.

HENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

S05

2. Pallida. Muhl. Cat

L. caule s^racili ; tbliis
longe-cuneato lanceolatis,
glabris, subundulatis, in-
teriorihus obtusis ; race-
mo paucirtoro, K.

Stem slender; leaves
long;, wedge shaped at
base, lanceolate, glabrous,
slightly waved, the lower
obtuse; raceme few flow-
ered.

.^tem 12 — 18 intheeJ high, slender, glabrous, slightly angled. Leaves
sn\all, remote, lanceolate, denticulate, very smooth, the tapering base
.•f the lower leaves nearly 2 inches long. Flowers remv)te,on slender
peduncles. Caly.v very small. Corolla small, pale blue. .Anthers
projecting beyond the tube ol the corolla, pale blue.

This species, thougli not noticed except by Dr. Muhlenberg, ap-
pears to be widely diffused. I have specimens from Pennsylvania;
from Tennessee, collected by Mr. Jackson ; from tlie low country of
Carolina ; and from St. Mary's, Georgia, collected by Dr. Baldwin'.
This last however differs in having its steins nearly naked, and its
cDrolla wliite.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers through the summer.

3. Claytojjiana. Mich.

L. ca^le erecto, pubes
centc ; fbliis oblongis, ob-
tusis, serrulatis

; race mo

virgato, confertifloro. E.

Stem erect, pubescent;
leaves oblons:, obtuse,

oblong,
serrulate
gate; flowei*s crowded.

Mich. C. p. 153. Porsh, -2. p. 447.

Stem li! — 18 inches high. Leaves sessile, finely serrulate, (the
root leaves entire. Pursh.) Spike crowded. Flowen small, on short
peduncles, pale blue. Stamens rather longer than the 4ube of the
corolla. Tube of the calyjc very small.

Grows near Columbia. Mr. Herbcmont.

Flowers July — September.

4. Glandulos v.

L. caule erecto : foliis
lineari-lanceolatis, crassi-
usculis, denticulatis ; la-
tiniis calycis denticulatis ;
tloribus racemosis. E.

Stem erect; leaves linear
lanceolate, rather thick,
denticulate ; segments
ot the calyx denticulate ;
flowers in racemes.

Walt. p. 2! 8. Pursh, 2. p. 447.
L. cra-siu3cula, Mich. 2. p. 152.

1 2

S66

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNlA.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem erect, about 2 feet high, glabrousy
leaty near the base. Leaves sessile, slightly aiiiplexicaule, sparingly
ciliate at base. jRaceines few flowered : a short leaf at the base of
each peduncle, linear lanceolate, dentate; peduncles 2>-^3 lines long,
hairy. Tube of the ca/j/or liairy ; segments den tate» Two stipules
at the base of each peduncle, terminating with a gland. Corolla blue
the border hairy. Filaments shorter than the corolla.

Grows in damp pine barrens.

Flowers September — October.

5. Inflate.

L. caule erecto, liirsiito ;
foliis ovali-lanceolatis,
serratis, Iiirsutis ; racemis
subpaniculatis ; capsulis
inflatis. E.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 946. Walt, p. 218.

Stem erect, hirsute ;
leaves oval lanceolate,
serrate, hirsute ; racemes
somewhat paniculate ;
capsukis inflated.

A3ich. 2. p. 152. Pursh,2. p. 448.

Root perennial. Stem 1—2 feet hij]!;h, branching. Leaves oblong,
oval and lanceolate, sessile. Floicers in racemes, numerous: pedun-
cles 2 — 5 lines long. Cabj.v inflated, nerved, reticulate, glabrous.
Corolla small, pale blue. Stuviens scarcel} as long as tlie tube of the
corolla.

Grows in the mountains and upper country of Carolina arid Georgia.

Flowers July — September.

The leaves are acrid and stimulatingto the mouth, and are, with the
rest of the plant, possessed of very active properties. They may be so
managed as to act as an emetic, cathartic and narcotic, but should be
used with great caution. According to Dr. Thatcher they promote per-
spiration and expectoration, and may be employed in astlima with
much advantage. In Massachusetts, where this plant as a medicine
has excited much attention, it is usually given in tincture.

6. Syphilitica.

L. caule erecto, hirsu-
to ; foliis ovali-lanceolatis,
crenulatis ; calycibus hir-
sutis, sinubus reflexis.
Mich. 2. p. 1.51.

Stem erect, hirsute ;
leaves oval lanceolate,
crenulate ; calyx hirsute,
with the margins reflex-
eel.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 945. Pursh, 2. p. 447.

Root perennial. Stem erect, 3 feet high, angled, the lower part
nearly glabrous. Leaves large, sessile, lanceolate, crenulate and ser-
rulate, the lower becoming nearly glabrous. Raceme leafy; ped*

VENT ANURIA MONOCYNIA.

«6r

uncles 2 — 3 linoH l<iii<;. Calyx l)i«pi(l. Corulla large, blue. *intkers
projectiiij; beyoml tlio tiihc of tlu; cdiolla.

Grows ill the nioiiiit.iiiH (it C'uiulina and Georgia.

Flowers July — Soptember.

This plant has bei'ti con-idorcd a.s thf Indian rcmody for luesvenereot
but tiie regular prailitionetd ulio hav tried it consulcr it as deserving
no attention in this point of view. Dr. liaiton gives it the character
ofbrinir a diuretic.

7. PrBERUf.A. Mich.
L. scriceo-piil)cns : cuulc
ciccto ; foliis oI)longo-
ovalibus, ol)tusis, repan-
do-seriiilatis ; calycis tii-
1)0 villoso, siiiubus rcflcx-

is.

Mich. 2. p. 152.

Clotlietl with silky
down ; stem erect; leaves
oblong oval, obtuse, re-
panel serrulate ; tube of
the calyx villous, with
the margin reflexed.

Jioot perennial. Stem 2 feet hiiih, sliyjhtlv angled. Leaven sessile, th«
lower obovate, the upper lancecdate, finely serrulate, and possessing a
silky lustre. Peduncles 2 — J lines loni;, turning all to one side, bent^in
the middle. Tube of the cali/.v short, villous, the segments la:iceo-
late, ciliate, three times as lonj; as the tube. Corolla bright blue.
Stamens add style as in the preceding species.

This species is vtry nearly allied to the preceding. It is however la
all its parts, but jjarticularly in itscondia smaller; its calvx is less his-
pid, its lower leaves obtuse, and its stamens nearly enclosed, while in
the L. syphilitica they are longer than the tube of the corolla.

Varies ; a. glabella ; witli a stem 12 — 18 inches high, very smooth;
leaves linear lanceolate, obscurely denticulate ; margins of the calvx
slightly rei1e\ed. Seems to be an intermediate plant belweeu tliis
species and L. gjandulosa.

Grows in damp soils. Very common. Var. glabella in Chatham
county, Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

8. Amcena. Micli.

L. caulc erccto, pubes-
cente ; foliis luto-laucco-
latis, duplicato-dentatis ;
spica secunda ; calycis
sinubus erectis. E.

Midi. 2. p. 1.53.
L. syphilitica, Walt. p. 218.
f

Stem erect, pubescent;
loaves bioad lanceolate,
(loul)ly toothed ; spike
secund ; margin of the
calyx erect.

Pur»h, 2. p. 447 P

»&s

PENTANDRIA MONO6YN1A,

Root perennial. Stem erect, simple, 2—4 feet high, slightly angled
near the summit, pubescent, marked by the decurrent leaves. Leaves
sessile, sometimes incised, pubescent, silky and dark green on the up-
per surface, paler below. Racemes leafy ; peduncles 3 lines lon^, all
turnini., to one side. Tube of the calyx 10 nerved, and the margin
firm as if bordered by a nerve ; segments subulate, 3 or 4 times as
long as tlie tube. Corolla bright blue. Filaments white, as long as
the tube of the corolla. Anthem blue. Style as long as the stamens.
Stigma conapressed, gaping ? hairy at base.

Grows in damp soils, ditches, &o. Common.

Flowers September— October,

9, Cardinalis.

L. caule erecto ; foliis Stem erect ; leaves

lato-lanceolatis, serralis ; broad lanceolate, serrate ;

spica terminali, seciinda : spike terminal, secund ;

staminibus corolla longi- stamens longer than the

Gribus. corolla.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 944. Mich. 1. p. 151. Walt. p. 218. Pursh, 2. p. 448.

Root perennial. St^m 2 — 3 feet high, terete, simple, pubescent to-
wards the summit. Leaves glabrous, tapering at base, and sprinkled
Vi'ith hairs. Peduncles 6^8 lines long, with a leaf at the base of
each. Tube of the calyx glabrous, slightly angled by elevated nerves jr
segments subulate, twice as long as the tube. Corolla bright scarlet.
FUaments scarlet. Anthers sky blue. Style shorter than the stamens.
Stigma compressed, hairy at base.

This is one of the most splendid plants of our counti-y, and when
flowering freely and luxuriantly, possesses singular beauty. As it
is a native of the wettest soil, it requires, when in a garden, to be
freely watered during the whole period of its growth, unless shaded
bj trees.

Inhabits swamps and rich damp soils.

Flowers August — September. Cardinal flower.

This plant is used, according to Dr. Barton, by the Indians for dc*
stroying worms in children. '

PINCKNEYA. Mich.

Capsula 2-locularis,
valvis medio septiferis.
Corolla tubulosa. Calyx
laciniis i — 2 bractesefor-
mibus. FUamenta basi

Capsule 2 celled, bear-
ing the partition in the
middle of the valves . Co-
rolla tubular. Calyx with
1 or S segments resem-

T»liNTANDRlA MONOGYNUv

5^69

tubi insei'ta. Semina a-
lata.

1. PUBENS.

blirij^ l)ractea8. Filaments
inserted at the base of the
tube. Seed winged.

Mich. 1. p. 105. t. 13. Hort. Kcw. 1. p. IT'?. Pursh, I. p. 158

A large shrub, 15 — 20 feet high, with many stems from each root;
branches brachiate ; the younger tomentose. Leaves opposite, large,
lanceolate, entire, slightly acuminate, shining on the upper surface
fliough sprinkled with hairs, tomentose on tlic lower ; petiole a-
bout an inch long, tomentose. Panicles terminal and axillary,
composed of fascicles commonly 5 llowered. Ca(yx superior, 5

ftarted, persistent, slightly coloured ; segments sometimes equal,
anceolate, and acuminate ; frequently one and sometimes two se^-
•ments dilate into a large, ovate, veiny, rose coloured leaf; wh: n 2 seg-
ments dilate they a'e never equal in size. Corolla tubular ; the tube of
an obscure green colour, tomentose ; border 5 parted ; segments oval,
obtuse, purple. Filamentii inserted into the base of the corolla, longer
than the tube. .^n//ters incumbent, 2 celled. Germ turbinate. Style
shorter than the stamens. Stigma obtuse. Capsule nearly globose,
opening at the summit across the dissepiment. Seeds flat, orbicular,
attached to a central receptacle.

This genus is very nearly allied to Cinchona. It differs in its calyx,
but principally by the transverse partition of its capsule.

Grows in wet and bogsy soils. Is foun<l from New River, South-
Carolina, along the sea coast to Florida ; its soutliern or western 11-
Itiir is unknown.

Flowers May — June.

Thin genus was named by Michaux in honour of Gen, Charles
Cotesu'orth Pinckney.

TRIOSTEUM.

Corolla monopetala,
suba>qualis Cnlijx lon-
gitudine coroUse. Bacca
3-loculaiis, 3-sperma, in-
fcra.

1. Perfoliatum.
T. foliis copnatis, spath-
ulato-lanceolatis, acumi-
natis ; floribus" sessilibus,
vcrticillatis. Sp. pi. l.p.
990.

T. majuB, Mich. 1. p. 1 07.

Gex. PL. 300.

Corolla one petalled,
neariy efjual. Calyx as
long as the corolla. Ber^
vy 3 celled, 3 seeded, in-
ferior.

Leaves connate, spatli-
ulate lanceolate, acumi-
nate ; flowers sessilcj ver-
ticillate.

9^0

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Jloot perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, pubescent. Leaves large,
soathulate lanceolate, acuminate, above scabrous, underneath tomen-
tose, connate at base. Flowers sessile, verticillate. Calyx persis-
tent, 5 parted ; segments linear. Corulla purple. Fruit a dry, hard,
dark purple berrt/, crowned with the persistent calyx.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers June — August.

Generally though incorrectly called Gentian.

The root of this plant is both emetic and cathartic. It is given
generally in the form of an infusion or decoction. It is bitter, and
given in small doses acts as a tonic.

Dr. Barton found it a good cathartic ; he gave the bark of the root
in doses of twenty and thirty grains; on some occasions it seemed tL»
operate as a diuretic. Vide Collections, Part 1. p. 28.

Leaves conuate, nar-
row lanceolate, acumi-
nate ; peduncles oppo-
site, 1 flowered.

2. Angustifolium.

T. foliis connatis, an-
gusto-lanceoiatis, acumi-
natia; pedunculis oppo-
sitis, unifloris. Sp. pi. 1.
p. 99 1.

T. minus, Mich. 1. p. 107.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, hairy. Leaves spathulate, lanceolate, acumi-
nate, but much narrower than in the preceding species, slightly sca-
brous, scarcely connate. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles. Co-
roUa yellow.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Muhlenberg.

Flowers June — ^July.

CAPRIFOLIUM.

Bacca 3-locularis, poly-
Bpornja, disiincta. Co-
rolla tubnlosa, longa, 5,
tii!a. Calyx 5-dentata.

1. Sempervirens.

C. spicis verticillatis, sub-

nudis, terminalibus ; foliis

oblon^is, subtus glaucis,

summis connato-perfoli-

Berry 3 celled, many
seeded, distinct. Corolla
tubular, long, 5 cleft. Ca-
lyx d toothed.

Spikes vertidUate, some-
what naked, terminal ;
leaves oblong, glaucous
underneath, the upper

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNlA,

271

ones connate perfoliate ;
corolla nearly equal, witli
the tube above ventrico!*e.

atis ; coroUis subwquali-
bus, tubo supcrne ventri-
cosis.

Mich. 1. p. 105. Pursh, 1. p. IGO.

Lauiciiia scinpervirciis, \N alt. p. 131. Sp. pi. I. p. 0S3.

Stem perennial, twining over shrubs, and in very rich soils over
trees also. Leaves perennial, opposite, very entire, oval, on the upper
surface very smooth, on the under glaucous and a little hairy ;
i\\e lower ones petiolate, tlic uiJitcr connate, obtuse. Flowers
m verticillate spikes, the teriniual verticils rcinotf, 6 flowered ;
I or 2 glands between each germ. Cah/.v ki perior, very small,
5 toothed, persistent. Comlla funnel shaped ; border 5 cleft j
segments acute, one division geneially deeper than the others.
Corn la crimson without, brighter red within. Filaments inserted in-
to the tube of the corolla near the summit. Jlntherit oblon"-, 2 lobed,
incumbent. GVrm infciior, oval. tS^/^? as long as tiie stamens, i^tig-
ma capitate. Herry scarlet. Seed 4 in each cell, attaclied to a fibrous,
central receptacle (chorda pistillaris of M. Correa de Serra).

This beautiful plant, one of the great ornaments of our woods and
gardens, grows in all rich soils except those which are frequently in-
undated : in the dry spots of the river swamps, however, it flourishes
vith most luxuriance.

Flowers April — October. Ens;lish honey -such Ir. Wood-bine.

Spikes verticillate, ter-
minal ; corolla ringent ;
leaves ovate, j^laucous
underneath, the margin
cartilaginous, the upper
ones connate perfoliate.

2. Flavum. Sims.

C. spicis verticillatis,
terminalibus: coroUis rin-
gcntil)us ; foliis ovatis,
siil)tus glaucis, cartilagi-
nco-niarginatis, summis
connato-perfoliatis.

r. Fraseri, Pursh, 1. p. iCO.
Loniccra llava, liot. Mag. No. 1313.

Jtont perennial. Stem twining over shritbs. Leaves oval, de-
ciduous, slightly cordate, obtuse, sometimes emargirjatc, glabrous,
glauc«)us underneath, veins whi'ish, contracted l)ut connate at base ;
tlic upper leaves (bracteas) larger and less contracted at base. Flow-
ers in 1 — S terminal heads. Curulla at fnst bright vellow, after-
vardsorani^e, deeply bilabiate, the upper lip broader, 4 cleft, reflexcd ;
the lower entire, oblong, reilexed ; tlie tube hairy within, very slight-
ly enlarged at Iwse.

This \cry ornamental plant was first noticed in Drayton's View of
Situth-C'artdina, p)il)lisheH in 180:2, p. t)4, as i;rowin'4 on Taris's Moun-
tain, Ctreenviile ; afterwards it was coUocLod by Frr-ser on tlie same
motintain, and carried to Kiigland.

Flowers Marcli — April.

i7^

I»ENTANDRrA ^lONOGYNIA.

3, dRATUM.

C. spicse verticillis ap-
proxinmtisj coroUis rin-
gentibus, tubo elongate;
foliis obovatis, submucro-
natis, subtus reticulato-
veiiosis, pallidiorihus,
suinmis connato-perfo-
liaiis. Pursh, 1. p.

Verticils of the sprke ap*
proximate ; corolla rin-
gent, with tube long ;
leaves obovate, slightly
mucronate, reticulate and
paler underneath, the up-
per ones connate perfo-
liate.

Lonicera grata, Sp, pi. 1. p. 984.

A vine, rambling among rocks in shady, moist situations,
perennial. Floivers inclining to scarlet. Pursii.
Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
Flowers June — September.

4. Pauviflorum. La Marck.

Leaves

C. verticillis subcapita-
tis, bractcolatis ; corolhs
ringentibus, basi gibbis ;
foliis deciduis, subtus
glaucis, omnibus conna-
tis.

Verticils nearly capitate,
bracteate ; corolla rin-
gent, gibbous at base ;
leaves deciduous, glau-
cous underneath, all con-
nate.

Pursh, l.p. 161.

C. bracteosum, Mich. 1. p.

Lonicera dioica, Sp. pi. 1.

105.
p. 983.

Floivers yellow, smaller than in any of the preceding species,
Bracteas perfoliate, much larger than the flowers. Filaments bcaz-d-
ed. Pursh.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers June — July.

SYMPHOREA. Juss.

Calyx dentatus. Co*
volla g.fida, subsequalis.
Bacca coronata, 4-locula-
ris, 4-sperma, loculis in-
terdum 2 abortivis.

Calyx toothed. Co-
rolla 5 cleft, nearly equal.
BeiTy crowned, 4 celled,
4 seeded, 2 cells- some-
times abortive.

PEHTANDRIA MONOCYNIA^

278

1. Glomerata. Pci*80on.

S. floribus axillaribus,
subcapitato-glonieratis.

Flowers axillary, clus,'
tcrcd in heads.

Pers. 1. p. 214. Pursli, l.n. \6'2.
Symphoricarpus vulgaris, iVlicli. 1. p. 106.
Lonicera svinplioricarpos, Sp. pL 1.. p. 989.

Leaves broad lanceolate, entire, nearly sessile,
very numerous. Berrien purple.

Growj in drj soils, among the mountains.
Flowers July — September.

Fitters gtna^l,

DIER^ILLA. .Tuss. Gen. pl. 235.

Cahix oblongus, .5-ii(lus.
Corolla infiindibuliformis,
5-fida. Capsula oblonga,
4-loculans, polysperma.

Caljfx oblong, 5 cleft.
Corolla funnel shaped, 5
cleft. Capsule oblong, 4?
celled, many seeded.

1. Canadensis. Muhl. Cat.

D. pediinculis axillari-
bus, terminalibus, dicho-
tomis, trifloris ; foliis ova-
tis, serratis, acuminatis.

Peduncles axillary and
terminal, dichotomous, 3
flowered ; leaves ovate,
serrate, acuminate.

Bi2;elow, p. 56.

D. lutoa, Pursh, 1. p. 1G2.

D. Tournefortii, Mich. l.p. 107.

Lonicera Diervilla, Sp. pl. l.p. 989.

A small shrub. Leaves on short petioles, smooth. Flowers of a.
ale yellow, small, funnel shaped, with 5 unequal segments. Big*-

fiaie
ow.

Grows on high mountains from Canada to Carolina.
Flowers June — July.

Pu«li.

VERBASCUM. Gen. pl. 331.

Corolla rotata,incTquaIis.
Capsula 2-locularis, 2-
valvis.

k2

Corolla rotate, unequal.
Capsule 2 celled, 2 vaU
ved.

S74

PENTANDBIA MONOGYNlA^

Leaves deciirrent, to-
mentose on both sides j
stem simple.

1. Thapsus.

V. foliis decarrentl-
bus, utrtnque tomentosis ;
caule simplici. Sp. pi.
1. p. 1001.

Walt. p. 95. Pursh, 1. p. 142.

Root somewhat fusiform, (biennial, Lin.) appears to be perennialin
this country. Stem herbaceous, 2—5 feet high, succulent, tomentose,
winged by the decurrent leaves. Leaves alternate, large, lanceolate,
crenate, remarkably tomentose, canescent. Flowers crowded in a
terminal spike, each having a small subulate leaf at the base. Calyx
J leaved, campanulate, tomentose, glabrous •ithin, persistent; border
5 cleft; segments acute. Corolla 1 petalled, yd^ow, tomentose on
the outside and sprinkled with glandular atoms, very short; border
5 cleft ; segments unequal, obtuse, twice as large as the calyx. Fila-
Tiients 5, inserted into the tube of the corolla, unequal, hairy. Anthers
crescent shaped, I lobed, yellow. Germ superior, ovate, tomentose.
Style bent, as long as the stamens, tomentose at base. Stigma thick,
obtuse. Seed somewhat turbinate, dotted, attached to a large central
receptacle.

Grows in dry pastures ; introduced into this country in all proba-
bility at an early period of its settlement, now universally diffused.

Flowers May— August. Mullein,

Leaves oblong, wedge
shaped, naked above ;
stem angled, panicled.

%. Ll^CHNITIS.

V. foliis cuneiformi-
oblongis, supra denudatis ;
caule angulato, panicula-
to. Smith, Fl. Brit. l. p.
S50.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 1003.

Walt. p. 95. Pursh, 1. p. 142.

Stem straight and angular. Leaves very white beneath, green, with
a slight hoariness, above. Flowers pale yellow, clustered on short
peduncles. eIk. Bot. No. 58.

Grows in Ca%lina. Dr. Muhlenberg.

Flowers June— July.

3. Blattaria.
V. foliis amplexicauli-
busj oblongis, glubris,ser-

Leaves amplexicaule,
oblong, glabrous, serrate ;

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

S75

ratis ; pedunculis unino- | peduncles 1 flowered,
lis, solitariis. | solitui y.

Smith, Fl. Brit. I. p. 553.

Sn. nl. l.p. 1005.

Mich. 1. p. 148. Pursh, 1. p. 142.

Moot perennial. Stem herbaceous, ^---S feet high, simple, slightly
angled, pubesrent. Leaves sessile, slightly cordate, acute, rugose,
ifipriiikieil with liairs.

Of this plant we have two varieiies.
Var. a ; with leaves (It nticulate ; flowers solitary, axillary, on hair/
neilunclcs nearly an inchlonu; corolla very pale yellow ;
iilanients foatliercd with purple hairs.
h ; vith leaves doubly serrate ; thnvers sessile, frequently clus-
tered, 2" -3 in each axil : corolla bright yclUrw, purple at
base ; Clauients beautifully feathered with purple and white
hairs. Is tliis the V. Claytoni of Michaux .''
In both varieties the corolla is hairy on the outside, glabrotis with-
in, but sprinkled with fascicles of hair, the hair all terminated with a
glandular head, and the seed tlottcd.

Grows in close soils, sparingly in tlie low country, but frequent in
the middle and upper districts.
Flowers May— August.

DATURA.

Corolla funnel shaped,
plicate. Cahjx tubular,
angled, deciduous. Cap-
side 4 valvedo

Pericarp spiny, erect,
ovate ; leaves ovate, gla-
brous.

Corolla Inftnidibulifor-
niis, plicata. Calijv tubu-
losus, ano'ulatus, decidu-
us. Capsula 4-valvis.

1. Stramonium.

D. pericarpiis spinosis,
erectis, o\ atis ; Ibliis o\ a-
tis, gla!)ris. Sp. pi, i. p.
1008.

Hoot annu.ll. fitpm T-,—5 feet hii^h. bratjcliinq;, dicliotonwus, te-
rete, succulent, somewhat fistulous. /-r«iv.s- alternate at the divisions
of the stem, aiiijled, sinuate, with the angles acute, unecjual at base,
sprinkled with a few hairn; petioles 2---4 inches long. Flowers soli-
tary in the division of the stalk; peduncles nearly an inch long. .Ca-
lyx tubular, 5 angled, deciduous, pubescent : the border 5 cleft ; seg-
ments acute, erect. Vomlla purple, sometimes white, three times as
long as the calyx, angular at base, the border 5 toothed. Filaments
shorter than the corolla, inserted into the tube, pubescent. Anthers
oblong, erect, hairy, dark purple. Germ superior, oval, funowed,

gy 6 PENTANDRIA MONO GYNIA^

spinous, spines soft. Style as long as the stamens. Stigma lamel-
late, 2 cleft. Capsule oval, spinous, 4 celled, 4 valved, opening at the
summit ; 2 cells often incomplete. Seeds numerous, reniform, some-
what rugose, black, attached to a large, convex, central receptacle*

Grows in cultivated grounds, very common.

Flowers Maj — September. James-Town or Jimson weed.

Thorn-Jlpple.

This plant is an important article of the Matei ia Medica. Every
part of it possesses a strong narcotic quality.

It has been given in various forms, but the seed, in the opinion ot
Professor Ives of New-Haven, contains all the medical properties of
the plant, and is to be preferred to the extract of the leaves, a prepa-
ration extremely variable in strength. He advises to give i or i of
a grain of the pulverized seed twice a day, and to increase the
doses as the. system becomes accustomed to the medicine until a
dilatation of the pupil of the eye takes place. This occurrence indi-
cates that the system cannot bear it any longer with safety, and it
should be laid aside until the pupil regains its proper size,, which takes
place very gradually, when it may be resumed. Ijfe has found
some constitutions to bear doses of 10 grains. This is his mode
of exhibiting the Stramonium with a view to its alterative effect?.

The Stramonium may be used as an anodyne and soporific where
the use of opium is improper. Its action seems principally di-
rected upon the nervous system, and when kept up for a length of
time, wears down its irritability.

In Epilepsy it has been used probably with more advantage than
any other remedy.

In Mania, unaccompanied witli a turgescence of the head and gene-
ral arterial excitement, it has been employed by Dr. Barton and others
with much success. It sometimes produces a disease of the skin.

In spasmodic Asthma Professor Ives gives a dose of the powdered
seed every hour, increasing the quantity until the patient is relieved.
He has, in sonve instances, given to the extent of 8 grains in four or
five hours. This practice has been found very successful. Smoking
the fibres of the root with a view to relieve this complaint has been

Eroductive, in several instances, of the worst consequences. It must
e obvious that the Stramonium should never be used internally but
with caution.

An extract of the leaves spread over the eye-lids produces, in an
hour or two, a dilatation of the pupils, which remains after the removal
of the application, in some instances, twenty-four hours.

An ointment prepared from the leaves relieves the irritation of blis-
ters and the pain of contusions. The expressed juice of the leaves is
a very serviceable application in callous ulcers. Travellers can make
no better application to recent injuries of the backs of their horses
than the bruised leaves of this plant.

It is improper to encourage the growth of the Stramonium near the
residence of a family, as chil^jen h<w'e often endangered their live*
by gating the 8?ed.

PENTANDUIA MONOCYNIA.

277

Pericarp spinous, erect,
ovate ; leaves ^ cordate,
glabrous, toothed.

2. Tatfla.

D. pericarpiis spinosis,
erprti?^, ovatis ; foliis cor-
datis, glabris, (kn'atis.
Sp. pi 1. p. uios.

Walt. p. 9-1.

TMs plant, ponerally ronsidered In this country as the D. TatuU
of L-nnji*ns, is ^ arcely a dist'i.ct sptcics from tiio preceding-. It is
ctreially larger; ih ■ leaes mon? acitcly angled, and ^li„dltlJ cor-
dati'? and tlic corolla pnie violet ; but all of these characters appear
wia'.Ie.

Or AS vitli the 1). Stramonium around Charleston.

Flowers ^!ay— Sep:er.;uer. Pmyle Jimson weed*

AXrOPA. Gen. pl. 335.

Corolla campaHulata.
Stamina distantia. Dac-
ca globosa, 2-lociilaris.

i. Physaloides.

A. caule herbaceo ; fo-
liis sinuato-angulatis ; ca-
lycibus clausis, acutangii-
lis. Sp. pl. 1. p. 1017.

Corolla campanulate.
Stamens distant. Bevvy
globose, 2 celled.

Stem herbaceous ; leaves
sinuate, angled ; calyx
closed, with the angles
acute.

Nicranda physalioides, Persoon, 1. p. 219. Pursh, 1. p, 158.

Annual. ^Stem 12 — 18 inches high, with many branches. Leavei
alternate, ovate, sinuate, with tiie angles acute, glabrous. Flotvers
solitary, axillary, on short peduncles; angles at the base of the calyx
very acute, «oraewhat >agittate. Corolla pale blue.

Found occasionally on rich soils, around buildings. A native pro-
bably of Europe.

Flowers tlirouj'h the summer.

PHYSALIS.

Corolla rnfp.ta. Stami-
na connivcntia. £:iccn

ir*ra ralycciu iuflaiuui 2 ctlled, inclostd in an
biloculuiw. j ijxllatcd calyx.

Corolla rotate. Sta*
mens connivcnt. Bivrrj

S78

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNlA.

Erect, pubescent ; leaves
oval lanceolate, very en-
tire ; calyx villous.

i. Lanceolata. Mich.

P. erecta, pul3escens ;
foliis ovali-lanceolatis, in-
tegerrimis ; calycibus vil-
losis. E.

Mich. 1. p. 149.

Persoon, Syn. pi. 1. p. 220.

P. Peruviana, Walt. p. 100.

Root creeping;, perennial. Stem
branchetl, angled, very pubescent,
each division of the stem, almost tomentose, narrowed at base into a
petiole sometimes an inch long. Flowers solitary, nodding. Calyx
generally truncate, sometimes concave at base. Corolla pale yellow,
marked with obscure, purple spots.

I believe this to be the only perennial species in this country.

Grows in dry soils, about fields, gardens, &c.

Flowers June— August.

1—2 feet high, erect, somewhat
Leaves alternate, sometimes 2 at

Much branched, branches
angular, glabrous ; leaves
ovate, dentate.

S. Angulata ?

P. ramosissima, ramis
angulatis, glabris ; foliis
ovatis, dentatis. Sp. pi.
l.p. 1023.

Walt. p. 99.

Stem erect, and like the whole plant glabrous. Leaves broad, ovate,
irregularly toothed, on long slender petioles. Flowers axillary, on
very slender pefluu'.lus that become long with age. Corolla siaaMf
yellow, spotted at base. Jlnthers pale blue. Calyx of the fruit slen-
der, long. ,

Collected near Savannah, by Mr. Oemler.

Flowers through the summer.

3. Pennsylvanica.

P. foliis ovatis, subre-
pandis, obtusis, nudiuscu-
iis; caule herbaceo, ra-
moso ; pedunculis soli-
tariis, petiolis paulo longi-
oribus. Pursh, l.p. 157.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1021,

stem about a foot high, somewhat angled, and downy. Leaves
aaked vn the upper surface, obscurely tpmentpse on the under. Ca-

Leaves ovate, somewhat
repand, obtuse, naked ;
stem herbaceous, branch-
ing ; peduncles sohtary,

'& ?

a little longer than the

petioles.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

sr9

lyx SomewTiat cylindrical, slightly any^led. Corolla yellow, obscure
lit tlie base. Stamens yelhtw. Berry small, red. Liiiu.

Grows alonp the sides of roads amon^ rubbish, &,c. from Pennsyl-
vania to Car<»lina. Pursh. I have seen specimens from Pendleton^
Soutii-Caridina, that appear lu belong to tlu3 species.

Flowers June— August.

Divaricate, much branch-
ed, prostrate ; leaves o-
vate, acuminate, unequal-
ly toothed ; inllatcd ca-
lyx very large.

1. Pruinosa.

P. divaricato-ramosia-
si ma, prostrata ; foliis
ovatis, acuminatis, in?e-
qualitcr dcntatis ; caly-
cibus majusculis. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1023.

P. obscura, Mich. 1. p. 1-49. Pursh, 1. p. 157.

S^oot annual. Stem angled, slightly scabrous and pubescent, at first
erect, dichotomous, expandina; so widely as to become prostrate.
Leaves slightly rugose, pubescent, l—^or 3 at each division ; petioles
2—5 inches long. Flowers solitary, axillary, nodding. Corolla pale,
witli 5 purple, villous spots near the base. Stamens half as long as
the corolla, hairy, purple. Anthers pale blue. Persistent calyx 5
angled, unusually large.

This appears to be certainly the plant figured in Dill. Hort. Elth.
t. 9. f. 9.

Grows in quitivatcd lands.

Flowers September— November.

Leaves sometimes by
pans, oval, rcpand, pu-
bescent ; stem herbace-
ous, towards the sum-
mit paniculate ; fruit-
bearing calyx pubescent.

ry, VrscosA ?

P. foliis subgcminis,
ovaUbus, repandis, pubes-
centibus ; caule, herbaceo,
supernc paniculato ; ca-
lycibus frucliferis pubes-
centibus. Pursh, 1. p.

1.37.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1021. Mich. 1. p. 149.

Root annual, somewhat fusiform. Stem erect, 2—3 feet high,
dichotomous, glabrous below, the young brauchcs pul)esceut and vis-
cid, leaves alternate, gt-neraHy 1 at i-acli «livision of tlic stem, lan-
ceolate, acuminate, toothed, rcpaml. sligluly viscid and sprinkled with
hairs': petiole 5---3 inches long. Flowers solitary, in the divisions of
ihe stem ; peduncles 1 inch long, erect when the Hower expands, af-
terwards nodding. Calyx campanulalc, 10 nerved, concave, at base

S80

PUNTANDRIA MONOGYNIA-.

t)ubescent. Corolla campanulate, twice as long as the calyx, pubeg*
cent vellow, marked near the base with 5, obscure, villous spots. Fila-
ments'sis long as the corolla, inserted into its >a9e. Jlnthers erect,

pale blue. Germ superior. Style as lon^ as the stamens
capitate. B^rry globose, enclosed by the in'latf "«. 5 angled, persiste
calyx. Seeds reniform, immersed in the puip of iua berry.

Grows in cultivated grounds, along roads. Commo-i.

Flowers July— October. Ground chetry.

6. PUBESCENS.

P. foliis villoso-visco-
sis, subcordatis ; caule
ramosissimo ; floribus so-
litariis, pendulis ; calyci-
bus fructiferis, subrotun-
do-globosis, angulatis.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 10S8.

Pursh, 1. p. 157.

P. tomentosa ^ Walt, p- 92.

Plant almost hispid. Leaves br^ad, ovate, irregularly toothed, and
angled, slightly cordate. Peduncles shorter than the petiole. Calyx
tomentose.

Grows on the sandy shores of Carolina. Pursh. I have specimens
•which appear to belong to this species collected in Pendleton county,
with the P. Pennsylvanica, by Messrs. Baker and Perry.

Flowers June — July.

Leaves villous, viscous,
sliglitly cordate ; stem
very much branched ;
flowers solitary, pendu-
lous ; fruit-bearing calyx
nearly globose, slightly
angled.

SOLANUM. Gen. pl. 337.

Corolla rotata. Anthe-
rce subcoalitse, apice poro
gemino dehiscentes. Bac-
ca S-locularis.

1. Nigrum.

S. caule inenni, herba-
ceo ; foliis oval is, dentato-
angulatis ; racemis dis-
tichis, nutantibus. Sp. pl.
1. p^ lOtio.

Corolla rotate. Anthers
united, opening at the
pohit by a double pore.
Berry % celled.

Stem unarmed, herba-
ceous ; leaves ovate,
toothed, angled ; race-
mes distichous, nodding.

PtN'TANDRlA MONOO\KIA»

^9i

Faf. Virginicum ; ra-
niis angulatis, dcritatis ;
Ibliis repandis, glabris.

It varies with branched
ani:;lcd, toothed ; leaves
rcpand, glabrous.

B»ot perennial ? Stem herbaceous, erect, 2---3 feet high, angles
fougheiieil ; youn:; branche;* pubescent. Leaves S[)rinkleil \\\i\\ hair^
abruptly narrowed, then taperitiL; at base ; petioles '2—3 inches long.
jPYojrf »s ninblinu;, in unibeln 3---^ tlowereil, between tiie leaves. Ca-
lyx one leaved, persistent ; tube turbinate, pubescent ; border 5 clettf
segments oval, acute. Corulla white, inserted into the calyx, yellov*
at base, pubescent : tube very short ; border 5 cleft; segments acute,
•xpandiiiff, somewhat reflected. Filamenta ijiserted into tlie tube oi
tlie corolla, short. Germ superior. Shjle loiiu;er than the stamens,
hairv at base, curved near tlie summit. Stigma capitate, lierrif
blaclt, 2 celled. Seeds many in each cell, lenticular.

Grows in rich, damp soiU.

Flowers through the summer, beginning in April,

Stem prickly, herbace*
ous ; leaves cordate, an-
gled and lobed, villous on
both sides and prickly, .

2. Mammosum.

S. caule aculeato, her-
bacco ; foliis cordatis,
angulato-lobatis, utrinque
villosis ^uleatisquc. Sp.
pl.l. p.* 10^1.

Pursh, 1. p. 156.

Annual. Leavas eqxidA in length and breadth, rather obtuse. Fruit
yellow, of the fi^rnre of a small inverted pear. Linn.

I possess specimens collected near Louisville, Georgia, by Mr.
Jackson, which may possibly belong to this species. Leaves broad,
nearly oval, slightly angled, villous on both sides and prickly along
the veins, sometimes obtuse at base, but scarcely cordate, on very
short petioles. Stem villous and prickly. Flowers in loose racemesj
terminal, and opposite the leaves. Corolla pale yellow, about the
size of that of the S. Carolinense. The/r?a7 I have not seen.

Grows on the sea coast of Virginia and Carolina. I'ursh.

Flowers June — August.

3. VlRGINIANUM.

S. caule erecto, aculea-
to ; foliis pinnatifidis, un-
dique aculcatis j laciniis

L2

fitem crect^ pnckly ;
leaves pinnatilied, prick-
ly on all sides -, segments

28a

PENTANDRTA MONOGYNlA#

sinuate, obtuse, with the
margins dilate 5 calyx-
prickly.

pinuatis, obtusis, marg;ine
ciliatis; calycibus aculea-
tid. Sp. pi. 1. p. 1041.

Pursli, 1. p. 156.

Branches angled. Prickles numeroua, white. Fruit small, green-^
isli white.
Gro ,v3 in sandy soils, from Virginia to Carolina. Pursh.
Flowers July.

Stem aculeate, annual j
leaves hastate angled,
prickly on both sides ; ra-
cemes loose.

4. Carolinense.

5. caule aculeato, an-
nuo ; foliis hastato-angu-
latis. aculeis utrinque tec-
tis ; race mis laxis. Sp.
pi. 1. p. 1043.

Mich. I. p. 150.

, Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, 1 — 2 feet hi^h ; branches
expanding, hairy, fiairs star-like ; armed with sharp prickles.
Leaves ovate lanceolate, sinuate, scabrous, the veins on each side
armed with prickles, and the leaves covered with star-like hair.
Floivers in lateral, simple racemes, 4 — 7 flowered between the leaves.-
Calyx hairy and aculeate. Cvrolla obscure white.
Grows in cultivated grounds. Very common. #^

Flowers May — July. Horse-nettler

SABBATIA.

Cahjx 5 — 12 partitus,
persistcns. Corolla rota-
ta, 5 — 12 partita. Stig-
7r'.ata2, spiralia. Jintherce
demum revolutse. Cupsii-
la l-locularis, :3.valvis.

* Florihus alMs. |

1. Paniculata. Mich.

S. ramosissima ; pani
cula diffusa ; foliis lineari
lanceolatis 5 caule subte

Colifx 5 — 13 parted,
persistent. Corolla ro-
tate, 5 — 13 patted. Stig^
77? as 3, spiral. A/ithtTS
finally revoiute. Capsule
1 celled, 2 valved.

* Floxvers white*

Much branched ; pani-
cle diffused ; leaves li-
near-lanceolate : stem

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. fc83

I'pti ; ramis altcniis ; co- I nearly terete ; branches
rollu alba. E. | alternate j corolla wiiite.

Pursh. 1. p. 138.

Cliiroiiia |)miiciila(a, Mich. 1. p. 146.

8tfm 1 — -2 feet lMi;li, nearly ti^rote, sli'j;litly marked bv a clecurront
\\ni\ nuirh arul tliflust-ly braiichi'd ; branclu's aUomate. leaves liiifar-
lanceolate, or linear. 'I'lbe <if tlie calu.v very S'liall ; scijineiits si*a-
ceou!*, shorter than the ^orolla. Curolla 5 paricd ; segments lunceu-
late. Filamnit.-i short. »iittliers revolute.

'rhoup;h the tiescription of Nfichaux applies more peculiarly to the
5. coryinbosa, yet as tliis species was certainly iiiclude«l< an(l i-i the
only one to which the term paniculnta is correctly applicable, 1 have
referred to him here.

Grows iu damp pine barrens. Commoiu

Flowei-8 July — October.

52. CoRYMBosA Baldwin.

S. foliis ovatis, acutis, Leaves ovafc, acute,
arete ses.silihiis ; caule closely sessile; stem near-
suhangulato ; floribus co-
rvmbosis ; coioUis aibis.
E.

ly square ; flowers in co-
rymbs j corolla white.

Chironia lanc^olata, "Wait. p. 95.

Stem erect, nearly square ; branches near the summit, opposita,
brachiate. Leaves somewhat amplexicaule, sometimes obtuse Co-
rolla generally 6 parted, much longer thau the calyx, iitameus
generally G.

1 his and the preceding species have evidently been confounded in
the C. lanceolata of Walter and paniculata of Michaux, yet they arc
very distinct.

'I'o Dr. Baldwin I am indebted for callinoj my attention to tlie white
flowered species of Sabbatia, and pointing out t!ie peculiar features of
this species and the paniculata. He has remarked als* that this con-
tinues in flower but a short time.

It may be worthy of remark, that tlic corolla of tliis species
changes in dryi.* to a deep orange colour, while in tlie others it
continues a pale white.

"Varies Canf^ustifnlia) ; with leaves linear-lanceolate, sometimeg
linear; gei;ments of the calyx subulate, nearly as loii;;^ as the
corolla. To this variety may probauly belong the C. laiicc-
olata of Walter.
Grows in wet pine barrens.
Flowers June— -Jul V,

^8*

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

** Flowers rose colour*

ed.

Leaves lanceolate, the
upper linear ; flowers co-
rymbose ; corolla three
times longer than the
calyx.

^* Floribiis roseis.

S. Gracilis? Mich.

S. foliis lanceolatis, su-
perioribus linearibus ; flo-
ribus corymbosis ; corol-
lis calyce triplo longiori-
bus. E,

Mich, h p. 146.

S. stellaiis, Pursh, 1. p. 137.

Root annual ? Stem erect, terete, slightly furrowed, 12—18 inche*
bigh. Leaves opposite, sessile, entire, somewhat fleshy, obscurely 3
nerved, linear near the branci)es. Flou-ers solitary, on opposite,
brachiate branches, forming a small corymb. Calyx turbinate ;
border 5 cleft ; segments linear, much smaller than tlie corolla, en-
larging with the increase of the capsule. Corolla rotate, tube very
^hort ; border 5 parted ; segments obovate, obtuse ; the bise bright
yellow, elegantly circumscribed by an angular crimson line. Filaments
5, just zs long as the yellow base of the corolla, inserted into the
tube between the segments. Jinthers oblong, sagittate, yellow, revo-
lute. Germ superior. Style very short, 2 cleft. Stigma oblong, ob-
tuse, spiral. Capsule oval, glabrous. Seeds numerous.

Grows in damp, saline coves, and along the edges of marshes on
j^e sea islands.

Flowers July — September,

4. Brachiata. E.

5. foliis lanceolatis ;
panicula ? elongata ; ramis
brachiatis, plerumque tri-
floris ; corollis calyce du-
plo longioribus. E.

Leaves lanceolate ;
panicle long ; branches
brachiate, generally three
flowered; corolla twice
as long as the calyx.

Stem erect, very slightly angled. Leaves all lanceolate. Branches'
brachiate, expanding, forming a pyramidal panicle Segments of the
calyjc linear lanceolate. Corolla of a bright rose colour ; petals obo-
vate.

I have not been able to ascertain what value can be placed on char-
acters taken in this genus, from the comparative length of the calyx
and corolla The Chironia campanulata of Linnaeus is nearly allied
to this, and more nearly to the preceding species, but is described as
having a calyx as long as the corolla. The original specimens of the
C. campanulata were collected in Canada by Kalm, and the plant
may tlierefore be distinct from our southern species. I have, to avoid
confusion, relied on the description of Liiingeus, and considered our
8o<ithern species as distinct.-

rENTANDniA MONOGINIA*

28i

Grows In ihe middle and upptr country of Carolina* Near Co*
lumbla : Mr. Hi'rUfinont.
Flowers June — Au;;ust.

5. ANcrLAuH.

S.caiile HFiciilalo. alato:
foliis cordalo-oMiiis. iiiii-
pk'xicaulil)us ; fluribus
corviubosis. E-

Stem angled, winnjed |
leaves eordatc ovate, am-
ple.xicaulc 5 flowers in
corymbs.

Pursh, 1 p. 137.

Cbironiaangularis, Sp.pl. l.p. !067. WaJt. p.95,. Mich. l.p. 14G.

Stem erect, C feet hii;h, gla!)rous, square, the angles winged ;
branches oppo'^te, brachiate. Leaves sometimes 5 nerved, tcrnate.
Tube of the cahtx antrled ; senments 5, wide, subulate. CuroUa 5
parted ; segment!* oval and obovate, many times longer than the ca-
l\x. h'ilauieiils 5, short. Jnt/itrs revolute, yellow. Style lon-ei:
tJian the stamens. SHo-ma linear, spiral.

Grows in rid), humid noils.

Flowers July — August.

This plant, according to Barton, is "commonly employed both by
physicians, atnl as a domestic remedy. Kverv part of the plant is in-
tensely bittcis" He furtlier a<l(ls, that in the year ir9;3 it was much
employed and with much benefit in certain staucs ot the yellow
fe\er. In this State it is a comnion remedy in intermittent fever.
Kvery part t)f tlie pi int is used. Tlie S. gracilis and some of the rest
;ne equally efficacious. Incorrectly called Centaury or Gentry.

Stem erect, few flow-
ered ; leaves o\ al, obtuse,
sessile ; segments of the
calyx leafy, frequently
longer than the corolla.

6. Calycosa. Mich.

S. caule erecto. pauei-
floro ; foliis ovalibus, ob-
tusis, sessllibus ; laeiniis
calycis Ibliaceis, corolla
plerumquc longloribus.
E.

Pursh, 1. p 158.

Chironia calvcosa, Mich. 1. p. 147.

dicljotonia, Walt. p. 05.

Stem not always erect, about 1 foot hio;h, slightly angled ; branches
very few, frequently none. I^saves closely sitting, oval.'S nerved, thin,
membranous. Flowers terminal, frequerjtiy solitary, rcr/y.rgeneralh'
10 parted ; segments lanceolate, leafy, sometimes not half as long as
tlic corolla. Curnlla 7 — 10 parted, rose coloured ; segments lanceo-
late. Jntheri! revolute* fytyU twice as long jg the staioeng. /^ti'*»
vias spiraj. *

S86

PENTANDRlA MONQGYNIA.

Varies ; with leaves lanceolate, and with tlie calyx longer or shorter
than the corolla, and probably comprehends more species than one.

Grows in rich and wet soils, in marshes on the margins of fresb
water rivers.

Flowers June — September.

* % Chloroides.

S. debilis ; foliis lance-
olatis erectis ; ramis pan-
els unifloris ; floribus
7 — IS partitis,laciniisca-
lycis linearibus, corolla

Stem weak ; leaves
lanceolate, erect ; branch-
es few, 1 flowered ; flow,
ers 7 — 12 parted ; seg-
ments of the calyx linear,
shorter than the corolla.

brevioribus. Pursh, 1.

p. 4 38.

Mich. 1. p. 146.
Chlora dodecandra, Sp. pi. 2. p. 341.

This species, like the preceding, varies much, and probably now irw
eludes several distinct species.

Varies; a. erecta ; with the stem rigid, erect; leaves linear ; corolla
generally 10 parted, segments lanceolate.* Chironia de-
candra, Walt. p. 95.
h. coriacea ; w ith the stem erect ; sparingly branched ; leaves
lanceolate, the lower ones nearly elliptical ; corolla 8
parted, segmtnts obovate ? very thick and coriaceous..
From specimens collected near St. Mary's, Georgia, by
Dr. Baldwin,
c. jlexuosa ; with the stem flexuous; leaves linear lancea*
late, corolla 12 parted, segments long, lanceolate; stig'
raas revolute ? Chironia dodecandra, Walt. p. 95.
In my specimens of this last variety the flower is nearly 5 inches
in diameter, and the stigmas distinctly revolute.
Grows in bogs and around pine barren ponds.
Flowers July — September.

8. Grntianoides.

S. foliis longis, lineari-
bus ; floribus axillari-
bus, sessilibus, supremis
confertis ; corollis subde-
cempartitis. E.

Leaves long, linear ;
flowers axillary, sessile,
the upper ones crowded ;
corolla generally 10 part-
ed.

Stem erect, slightly angled. Leaves long (2 — 3 inches), linear,
acute. Flowers axillary and terminal, the terminal ones cluster
od as ia some species of GeutiaUi Calyx campanulate; border

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

ii^7

frequently 8 partcil ; sesments subulato, latlior lon^ier than the tube.
From the base of the calyx arise two subulate biarteaSj ililated at
base, and as lon<; as the corolla. Cornlln abotit 8 parted, rose colour-
ed ; seirments obovate, acute, twice as loii-^ as the calyx. Slaviens
short, ^inthfrs ratlier spiral than rev(duto.

From sncrimens collected by Mr. AI)l)ot, in Bullock county, Geor»
gia, ;(rowinu; in and around the shallow pine barren pund».

Flowers August.

BUMELIA. Gen. pl. 1736.

Corolla S-Pida. Kccta-
tiufu 5-i)IiylIuiii. Dnqm
nionospcnna.

1. Lycioides.

B. spinosa, erccta ; fo-
iiis lato laiiceolatis, utrin-
rursli, 1.

Corolla 5 -cleft. Kecfa^
rij 5 leaved. Drupe t
seeded.

Sj)iiioiis, erect ; leaves
broad, lanceolate, smooth
on both sides.

que glabris.

p. iHd.

Sidcroxvlon Ivcioides, Mich. 1. p. 122. Sp. pl. 1. p. 1090.
litve, Walt. p. 100.

A small tree, with the branches smooth and slightly flexuous.
t-cavps lanceolate, on short petioles, alternate on the younu; branches,
clustered (3 — G) on the old alternate buds. Spines short and strong;,
axillary. Flowers clustered (20 — 30), on the summit of the old buds.
J'>-rfa»c/e5 about lialf an inch long, one flowered. Cornlla greenish
white. Drupe ^ as in all the succeeding species, nearly black.

Grows in damp soils.

F'lowers May — June.

The wood, though not used by mechanics, is extremely hard, heavy
and irregularly grained.

3. RECLIN^TA.

B. spinosa, diflusa ; ra-
mis sterilibus divaricaiis;
foliis parvuiis, obovalis,
glai)eniiiiis. Pursb, 1. p.
1 j3.

Sideroxylon reclinatum, Mich. 1. p. 122.

A small straggling shrub.

Grows along tlie banks of rirers in Georgia,

riowers Jun(>— July.

Spiny, spreading ; the
sterile branches divaii-
cate ; leaves snnll, ol>o-
vate, very smooth.

Mich.

%ss

FENTANDRIA MONOGYNlAc

3. Tenax.

B. spinosa ; foliis cii-- [
iieato-lanceolatis, pie- |
rumque obtusis, subtus |
sericeo-nitentibus. !

Spiny ; leaves wed2;e
shaped linceolate, fre-
quently obtuse, silky an-
derneath.

Bumelia tenax. Sp. pi. 1. p. 1085.

— chrysophjlloides, Pursh, 1. p.

155.

Sideroxylonchrysophylloides, Mich. I. p. 123»
sericeum, Walt. p. 100.

A small tree sometimes 20 — 30 feet hig;h ; young branches slenderj
6traig;ht, flexible, and, as in all of the species, very difficult to break.
The Flowers, also the mode of flovering and the drapes are similar in
all. The leaves in this species are clothed on the under surface with
a soft, white, silky down. Drapes oval.

Grows in dry sand} soils.

Flowers June — July.

4. Lanuginosa. Mich.

B- spinosa ; ramiilis
patentissiniis, piibescen-
tibus ; foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, subtus lanuginosis.

Spiny ; branches ex*
paneling, pubescent ;
leaves oval lanceolate,
woolly on the under sur-
face.

Pursh, 1. p. 155.

Sideroxylon lanujiinosum, Mich. 1. p. 122.

tenax f Walt. p. 100.

Smaller than the preceding species. Leaves frequently obtuse obo*
vate, clothed with a ferruginous down on the under surfiice. Drupes
globose.

Grows in light soils.

Flowers June — ^July.

RHAMNUS. Gen. pi.. 358.

Calyx tubulosus. Co-
rolled sqii anise stamina
munientes, calyci insertse.
Bacca a — 4) sperm a.

Calyx tubular. Scaled
of the corolla protecting
the stamens, inserted into
the calyx. Berry 3-*4»
seeded*

FENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

289

i. Caroi.iniam's.

H. ineimis ; foliis al-
teniis, Qvali obloiigis, in-
tcKriusL'ulis, costutis, ij;Ia-
bris ; u!nl»L'llis jjcihincu-
latls ; lloribus oiuiiibus
Icitilihiis.

>Valt. p. 101. Mich. 1. p. 15;

Unarmed ; leaves al-
ternate, o\al ohloi'.g, en-
tire, rihbed, sclabrous ;
unil)els on pivlundes ;
HuNveis all Icilile.

Pursh, 1. p. 1G6.

A sluiib 4 — G feet fiigli. Leaves obloiii; lanceolate, sometimes acu-
niinute, ribbe«l with parallel veins. Flowers in >niall UJiihels 4 — 6
flowered on axillary branches, frequently tetraniirous. Berry glo-
bose, 4 seeded.

Griiw s in fertile soils. Common along the sea coast.

Flowers May — June.

2. IMiNUTiFLonus. Mich.

R. foliis oppositis. ova-
to-lanceolatis, scnatis, lu-
ci..is ; florihus niinuti.ssi-
mis, di(jitis. in paniculis
spicatisjterminalibus. K.

Leaves opposite, ovate
lanceolate, sei rate, lu< id ;
flowers very small, dioi-
coiis. in terminal, spiked
panicles.

Mich. 1. p. 154. Pursh, 1. p. IGG.

A shrub 6—8 feet hit;h, much branched. Leaves nearly sessile,
sometimes acuminate, small, shinitiii;, veiny, not ribbed. Flowers
very minute, sessile, liu my specimens opposite), (alternate, ^lich.) in
small termii
ed. Mich.)

small terminal panicles, peutandrous. {^tyle 3 cleft. Berry 3 seed-

'l&

Tiie ureat difterence in the habit of these two plants renders it pro-
bable that they do.not belong to the same i:;enus ; but 1 have had no op-
poitunity of examining:; this species, havinu; only seen it once, imper-
iectly in flower, in Michaux's old g;arden, near Charleston.

Grows alon'i the sea coast from Carolina to Florida. Mich.

Flowers October— November.

Cat If X tubnlosiis. Co.
rolhc squamje stamina
munientes,calyci insert a?.
Drupn nuce inouo vel
dispcrma.

ZlZYPTirS.

C(ih/r tubular. Scales
of ibe corolla protcctifij;
the stamens, inserted in-
to tlic calyx. Drupe vfiXh
the nut 1 or ^ seeded.

91 ;i

^9a

PENTANDRIA M0N0G\NIA,

Unarmed ; leaves o-
vate, jibbed, very entire,
sliglitly undulate ; um-
bels on peduncles, axilla-
ry ; stem twining.

1. VOLUBILIS.

Z. inermis ; fbliis ova-
tis, costatis, integerrimis,
subundulatis ; umbellis
pedunculatis, axillaiibus ;
caule volubili. Sp. pi. l.
p. 1103.

Pursh, 1. p. 188-.

Rhamnus volubilis, Walt. p. 101. Mich. 1. p. 153.

Stem twining over shrubs and small trees, with many small branches,-
Zisaves alternate, oval and ovate, acute, a,labrous. Floivers in small
umbels or racemes, axillary and terminal, dioicous. Drupe oval,
generally one seeded, purple.

In the structure of its leaves and in its mode of flowering, very
nearly allied to the Rhamnus Carolinianus, from which it has been sepa-
rated perhaps unnecessarily on account of its fruit.

Grows in damp, rich clayey soils. The stem when green is verj-
flexible and tough.

Flowers May — June. Supple Jack,,

CEANOTHUS. Gen. pl. 361.

3-locularis, 3-sper-

Petala 5, saccata, forni-
cata. Dacca (capsula })
sicca,
jiia.
1.
C.
latis.

4mericanus.
foliis ovato-lanceo-
acutis, triplinervi-
bus, serratis, pilosis ; pan-
iculis axillaiibus, longe
pedunculatis. E.

Petals 5, sack-like and
arcbed. Berry (or cap-^

sule .?) dry,
seeded.

3 celled, 3-

Leaves ovate lanceo-
late, tnj)ly nerved, acute,
serrate, bairy ; panicles
axillary, on long pedun-
cles.

Sp. pl. 1. p. Walt. p. 101. Mich. 1. p. 154. Pursh, 1. p. 167.

Moot very large for the size of the plant, dark red. Stem frutes-
cent, £ — 5 feet high, the young branches pubescent. Leaves 2 inches
long, 1 wide, acutely serrate, nerved, tlie veins underneath very hairy
but scarcely tomentose ; petioles half an inch long, pubescent. The
common peduncles longer than the leaves, pubescent; the partial half
an inch long, glabrous. Panicle composed of clustered racemes. Co, \
lyx turbinate, persistent, white ; border 5 cleft ; tlie segments acute,
inflexed. Petals white, deciduous, clawed, compressed, obtuse, in-
6e.rted into tiie calyx between the segments, enclosing the stamens.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

a<ji

Filamentu short, incurved, inserted into the base of the petals. Jin-
fhers noarlv sl<>''"lii''« incuinboiit, reHi'xed, '2 celled, dtrm 3 anjjled,
tito l»ase clotlu'd hv tlie calvx, the up|)er part surroiiiided hy a pur|)li',h,
dentate, nectariferous .'' nwj^. Siylf as lonn a.s the stamens, 3 cleft.
.*»''/;rmfl.-< >imple, obtuse. Berry / i\ry, 3 angled, obtuse, hollowed at
the summit, 3 celled. Seed one iu each cell, oval, slightlj angled oa
the inner side.

Grows in li^ht soils.

Flowers Mav — July- Red-root ^''eu'-Jersey tea-tree.

The bark of the root is intensely astringent, and may be used in
all cases where the use of astritijjents is indicated, in the form of in-
fusion, tincture or powder. It is of a dark red coLyur, which it iia'
parts to water or alcohol.

Cat
Leaves

small,

late, serrate,
hairy ; racemes
late, axillary, oa
peduncles.

lanceo-
sli2;litly
paiiicu-
long

S. Intermeuius .? Mulil

C. ibliis parvulis, lan-
ccolatis, serratis, paice
pilosis ; racemis panicu-
latis, axillaribiis, louge
pcdiinculatis. E.

Pursh, 1. p. iGr.

In habit very similar to the preceding species, but every way smal-
ler. The leaves 6 — 8 lines loii";, ■2 — I wide, slii;;htly serrate, strictly
lanceolate, 3 nerved, hairy along the nerves. I'anide small, and the
racemes almost simple.

From specimens collected near the Oconee, Georgia, by Mr. Jackson^

Flwwers

3. Perexnis. Ptirsli.

C. t'oliis ovalibus, sub-
serrulatis, *r;labris ; pani-
ciilis thyrsoideis, termi-
nalibus axillaribusquc.
Pursli. 1. p. 167.

Leaves as large as those of the C. Aniericanus, but glabrous. Stems
generally die down to root every winter. Pursh.

Grows on rocks near rivers, in Virginia and Carolina.
Flowers May.

Leaves oval, slightly
serrulate, glal)rous ; pan-
icles thysus formed; ter-
njinal and axillarv.

4. MrcROpiivi.Lus. Mich.

C. foliis minutis, oho-
vatis, integriusculis, fasci-

Leaves very small, (v
bovate, nearly entire,

393

PENTANDRIA MOI^OGYNIA.

ciilatis, glabris ; racemis
corymbosis, terminalibus,
E.

Mich. 1. p. 154. Pursh, 1. p.

clustered, glabrous ; ra-
cemes corymbose, termi-
nal.

167.

Stems many from each root, 1 — 2 feet hi^h, branches long, slender
but straight, all smooth and yellow Leaves very small, clustered,
glabrous, 3 nerved, ob- vate, sometimes when young, sparingly tootb-
ed. Racemes simple, clustered, resembling corymbs.

Pooti^ as in all of the species, very large.

Grows in dry pine barrens, in Chatham county, Georgia, common.

Flowers early in April.

EUONYMUS. Gen. pl. 373.

Corolla .5-petala. Cap-
sula> 5-g()na, 3 — 5-locu-
lai is, 3-5'Valvis, coloiata.
^emina calyptrata.

1. AiUEllICANUS.

E. ramis 4.aijgu]atis ;
foliis elli ptico-lanceolatis,
acutis, serratis ; pedun
culis subtrifloris ; floribus
omnibus 5-fidis ; f? ucti-
bus verrucoso-muricatis.
Pursh, 1. p. 168.

Sp. pi. l.p. 1132. Walt. p. 102.- Mich. 1. p. 155.

A shrub 4 — 5 feet high, terete, glabrous, branches opposite, brach-
iate } slender, finely furrowed. Leaves oblong, acute, opposite, nearly
se-.sile. somewhat cordate ; penducles axillary. Calyx very small,
5 parted. Petals expanding, flat, obovate, small, green, tinged with
purple. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Capsule rough, succulent.
iieed 1 in each cell covered with a rough scarlet coat ? resembling a
berry, adhering to the capsules after they expand.

Grows in rich, damp soils. Oinamental when the fruit is mature.

Flowers April — May. Strawberry tree. Spindle tree.

Corolla 5 petalled.
Capsule 5 angled, 3 — 5
celled, 3 — 5 valved, col-
oured. Seed veiled.

Branches 4 angled ;
leaves elliptic lanceolate,
acute, serrate ; peduncles
generally 3 flowered ;
flowers all 5-cleft ,• fruit
roughened, warty.

2. Angustifoltus. Lyon.

E. ramis 4 angulatis ,
foliis liiieari-ellipticisj sub-

Branches 4
leaves linear

angled ;
eliiplicj

PENTANDRTl MONOGYNIA.

^93

faloatis, suhiiitCGjcniinis ;
j)t'<)niKulis ^ plcrumquL*
iiniflr)iis : tloriluH omni-
bus ;3-ti lis; lVii(lll)M^> vcr-
rucoso-inmicalis. rursli,

i. p HJH.

Leavef iiiMilv 8ps»«ilo. Nearly allu'd to the prectMlins; species, but it
vas >ai<l by Mr. Lvoii.by wlunn it was discovfriMl, to preserve its cliar-
actfT when raised i'nun need. It is still however a doubtrul species.

Grows in fertile soils iu woods, in the western districts of Cieorsia.

slii!;lilly scythe sluipcd,
nearly entire ; peduncles
e;cnerally 1 flowered ;
Ho we IS all .3 cleft ; fruit
ruui»;liencd, ivarty.

3. A rilOPI RPFHEUS.

E. foliis peiiolatis, o!)-
longo-lanceolutis, acutni-
iiatis, serratis ; poduncu-
lis divaricati-*. ni:iltifloris;
lloriuus 4-lidis : fructibus
lanil)us. Puihli, i. p.
168,

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1132.

Leax'ps miich longer titan tliosf
dark purple. Fruit red.

Grows on the banks of rivulets,
Flowers May — July.

Leaves petiolate, ob-
long lanceolate, acumi-
nate, serrate ; peduncles
divaricate, many flower-
ed ; flowers 4 cleft 5 fruit
smooth.

of the E. Americanus. Floiaers
from New -York to Carolina.

1TE\. r.EN. Pl. SSI.

CfjJjfT 5-fidus. Pdala
5, calyci iiiscrta. IStigma
c:ipitatum. liilul)um ( 'up-
sula a-val\i.s 2-lotularis ;
>alvis n)argiiie mlroflcxo
seminifcris.

Culjix ri cleft. Petals
5. inserted into the calyx.
stigma ca|)itatc, xj lobcd.
Capsu/e 2 valved, 2 cell-
ed ; the valves bearing
the seed along the iii-
llcxcd inarffin.

ViRGINICA.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 114G. Walt p. 102. Mich. 1. p. 156.

A sltrub 3 — 6 feet hi<;ii, branchinir, the youns; branches flexible and
pubescent. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, \vith
the veins pubescent. Ii.ilit green, the upper surface having; a .silkv lus-
tre ; petioles j — 5 lines lonj;. Flowers in terminal, simple racemes :

S94

PENTANDRIA MONOOYNIA,

proper peduncle 2 lines long, with a subulate, deciduous bracteaatits
base. Caly.r persistent. Fet: Is white, lanceolate, glabrous on the
outer surface, hairy within, 3 times as lony; as the calyx, inserted into
its summit between tlie segments. Filami'nts shorter than the corolla,
inserted into the calyx between tlie petals. Antliers incumbent, 2 cel-
led, yellow. Gf rm superior, hairy. Style taperinsr, furrowed. Stig'
"ma obscurely 2 lt>bed. Seeds many in each cell, somewhat angular.

Grows in wet land, on tiie eJj^es of rivulets and along ditches*'
Very common.

Flowers April — MaV.

CYRILLA. Gen. pl. 380.

Calyx minutiis, 5-j)ar-
titus. Petala 5 , cal Vi. ii n -
serta. Stigmata ^. Bac-
ca ? exsiccabili?, (capsu-
la non deliiscens .?) 2 lo-
cularis. iSenwia solita-
riajfuniculoappensa. Pei-
soon, 1. J). 175.

1. Hacemifhh?a.

C. foliis cLineato-lance-
olatis, coriaceis, glahei'ii-
niis ; petalis calyce Iri-
pio longioribus. E.

Calyx minute, 5 part-^
ed. Petals 5, inserted
into the ra yx. istigmas
2. Bcrrij beconiing dry,
(or capsule not opening,?)
2 celled. Seed solitai*y,
attached to a sin all cord.

Leaves lanceolate
wedge shaped at base, co-
riaceous, very smooth i
petals 3 times as long as
the calyx.

Walt. p. 103.

Cyrilla Car liniana, Mich. 1. p. 158. Persoon. 1. p. \75^

Itea Cyrilla, Sp. pi. 1. p. 1146.

A large shrub, sometimes growing 15 feet high. The branches ap-
pear verticillate, and spring every } ear from the summit of the old
Avood, when young they are n»arked by tiie slightly decurrent leaf.
Leaves alternate, very entire, sometimes obov.ate, growing only on the-
wood of the present year ; , etioles S~ 4 lines long, slightly winged.-
Flowers in slender, simple, somewhat pendulous racemes, clustered
at the summit of the last years branches. Petals 3 times as long as
the calyx, inserted at the base of the germ. Filaments alternating
■with the petals, shorter than the corolla. ./Jnf/ters incumbent, bifid at
base, 2 celled. Germ superior .'' Style short, thick, turgid in the
middle, the summit compressed, sli5.';htly 2 cleft. Stigmas 2, obtuse.

Grows in wet ground, around ponds and rivulets of the pine bar-^
rens.

Flowers June.

PENTANDRFA MONOGYNIA.

295

The outer l>ark t»f the i»l(lest shrubs, near the grnuiul, is extremely
li;;ht ami iViable, and aitsurtis imtisttirc witli so nuicii avidity t! at it
niav De u«»e«l >\it"i ailvanta-.e instead of A'^aric and similar stvpJiis.
When r'ibiM' 1 bet wen the hainls it excites a sensation similar t., f'.at

frodiircd Iter iiinvrsinpT the liands in a .stron:; aslrin^'-nt fluid,
t lrnii>> a ««ei viceahle application to wounds or ulcers, where the in*
»lication is to ciialrize them.

GALAX. Gen. pl. 383.

Calyx 5-part'tiH. /V-
tnJa :i. Tiibiia lO-fiMiis.
1 iciiiiis .J altci'Jiis l)le^ io-
ril)us, anlhcrilcris. Sli,^-
ma 3 lobiim. Cap.sula
S loriilaris, J-valvibjpoh-
iipcniia.

i. AlTIYLLA. Sp pi. I

(V////.r .3 parted. Prtr/Is
2. Tf.'he 10 cleft, witli
.') s(<i;mcnts altornatoly
shorter ami heaiiiiii; the
anthers. iSiignia 3 lohed.
Capsule 3 celled, 3 valved,
iiiuoy seeded,
p 1116.

Cialax rotunditolia, Piirsh, 2. p. 44G.

Krvthroilii/.a rotundifoiia. Mich. 2. p. 55.

Solanandra cordifolia, Ventenat. Malm. j<. C9. Pers. 2. p. 215,

Perennial- lioof crcep'iif;, of a deep red colnnr. Rout leaves on
loD<; petioles, reniform or cordate, :;lahrous. Scape 1-2 — 1 8 indies
ioHir, naked, excepting that it is surrounded a base b^' scales. Flow-
ers numeious, crowded on a long raceme, pedicels aiiout 2 lines Ion"-,
Corolla small, white.

Grows on mountains. Ur. Macbride.

Flowers May — August.

RIBES. Gen. pe. 390.

PrtaJn 5^ et stamina ca- I Prfals .5, and with the

lyci iiiserta. 67/////S iA'i- \ stamens inserted into the

dus. Bacca polyspcrma, calyx. *S////6'2chTt. />r-

infera. /•// man}* seeded, inrcrior,

1. UOTUNDIFOLIEM. Mlcll.

H. s])ina siihaxillaii ; Sj/ine generally axilla-
foliis sul)()ihiciilatis. lol)is ly ; leaves Fieai ly round,
sul)rotundo()l)tusi.s; ped- the lohes obtuse ; pcdun-
iincuiis l-Uuiis ; limlu) [ clcs 1 ilovvcrcdj bordci

296

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNTA.

calycis tubuloso ; bacca
glabra. Peisoon, 1. p.
252,

Wich. 1. p. 1 10.
Grows on the high mountains of Carolina.

of the calyx tubular ; ber-
ry glabrous.

Mich.

2. Gracile. Mich.

R. spiiiula subaxillaii ;
foliis petiolis gracilibus,
iitrinque pubescentibuf?,
lobis acutis, dentato-inci-
sis ; pedunculis capilla-
ribus, subbifloris ; calyci-
bus tubulato-canipanula-
tis 5 buccis glabris.

I Spine small, nearly ax-
I illaiy ; leaves on slender
I petioles, pubescent on
I each side, tbe lol)es acute
I and deeply toothed ; ped-
I uncles capillary, gerie-
I rally S flowered ; calyx
I tubular campanulate ;
I berry glabrous.

Mich. 1. p. 111. Pursh, 1. p. 165.

Bfrries purple or blue, finely tasted. Pursh.
Grows on rock and in mountain meadows, iVum New-Yo'k to Caro-
lina.
Flowers April — June.

VIOLA. Gen. pl. 1304.

Calyx 5-phyllus. Co-
rolla 5-petala, irregularis,
posticecornuta. Antherw
cohserentes. Capsula su-
pera, S-valvis, 1 locularis.

* Acavles,

i. Lanceolata.

V. acaulis ; foliis an-
gusto-lanceolatis, oblon-
gis, crenatis ; floribus al-
bis. E.

Sp.pl. I. p. 1161.

Calyx 5 leaved. Co-
rolla 5 petalled, irregu-
lar, with a horn at base.
Anthers cohering. Cap-
sule supei'ior, 3 valved,
1 celled.

* Stemless,

Stemless ; leaves nar-
row lanceolate, ohlong,
crenate; flowers while.

Mich. 2. p. 150. Pursh, l.p. 173.

PENTAVnnM M0N0CYNIA»

207

ll'wt |>*reanial. leaves ulabr us, tlie veiiiH frequently oppoKJte, ta-
jieiiiii; at tlio l»aso, nottrrallv ve y narrow, ;> — 5 iriclu's hmj^, liali an
iiuli wide, soini'tiiiies liowevf r, a truly lanceol -tt leaf itccurs. f'/o</v
ers solitary. Si-apf 4 — (i iiiclirn Ion;;, curvt-d at llu- suiDiiiit^rurni^iied
witii ^2 subulate scales above the iniddlf. Le.iNes of t'.ie calyx acute,
glabrous. Tlif '2 lati*ral /;cM/.s- bt'artli-il. FUnmnita very slmrt. »'7/i-
thers nearly sessile, appressed to tiie •:;erin. opening al »nj; fiie inner
marL'ins, ti>i nii'iated bv an ovate, velbtw i>ii uteinbiatie. Genu su-
perior, 3 angled. 'SVyV >liort, but lon-.er t'Mn tiie stannMiB, Sti<!^!pa
rapitate. (kbliquely concave. Ca/jsulf obtusely .> an<<;li-(i S^fds
ju-arly globose, attaclied to a rec(S|)facle in t'le ce:ttie o' ea^-li valve.

(Jrows in liumid soi s. Very abundant in \ et pine barrens, but
rare near tl\e sen coast.

Flowers February — .April.

Stemlcss ; leaves ol)-
niig, soincsvhtit heart
haped, serrate ; peiioles

2. Primiliioiia.
V. acaiilis ; luliis ob-

iongis, su')Cor'Jatis, scr-
ratis ; peliolis ineml)raii;i-
ccis. Sp. pi. 1. p. ! 1 02. j iiiembranous.

AValt. p. 219. Pursh, 1. p. 173.

Perennial. Leaves serrate, j^labrous, at first coniate, obtuse, aftT-
wanls acute, and t'le sinus at base nearly e.ta(;]ed as t.ie wings along
tlie petioles dilate, jienerally 2 — 3 inclies Ion;;, li wide, sometimes
twice that <'v/.e. Scojje 3 — A inches ion;;;, 2 scales ratlier below the
middle. CoriMa white ; the upper petal veined at ba>e with |)urple,
the lateral petals thinly beard<'(l alonj; the lower ed-e.

Both Waher and Alichaux appear to have united tliis with the pre%
ceding species.

Grows in wet soils, alon^:; the sides of ditches. Very coniinon.

Flo ers Februa y — April.

Leaves cordate, ol)tu.se,
very pul)escenf, soiiie-
\N liat lioary ; calyx acute ;
llowcrs snniil, pale hluc.

3. Vii.losa. Walt.

V. fuliis coi'datis, oblu-
•sis, pubeiitissiinis, canes-
ccntil)us : calyce aciito ;
floribiis parvulis, cujiu-
le.sceiitil)us. E.

Walt. p. 219.

Perennial, leaves crcnae, very downy ratlier than villoufi, soft,
thii k ; t!ie sinus at base small, open ; wiien >uun2 the leases ae()uire
fr in tlie pu >ej»ceiire a hoary a^p* ct. and aie \arie^ate<l with p'lrulc
Tcms. Fetals smuW, ine 3 upper bearded, the 2 lower spruikleU

V 2

S9^

•PENTANDRTA MONOGYNfA,

with hairs. The late flowers, as remarked by Walter, frequently
apetalous-

From the V. sagittata, with which it has been confounded, very dis-
tinct.

Grows in dry sandy soils. Leaves generally prostrate.

.Flowers March — April.

4. R0TUNDIF01.TA. Mich.

V. acaulis ; foliis orbi-
<;iilato.cordatis, siibdenta-
tis, glabriijsculis ; petiolo
pubescente ; calyce ob-
tuso ; floribus luteis.

Mich. 2. p. 150.

V. clandestina? Pursh, I. p. 17S.

With this plant I am only acquainted through the description 0^'
|)f Michaux, who adds, that the sinus at base is closed.
Grows in the mountains of Carolina,
riowers

Stemless ; leaves orbi-
cular cordate, slightly
toothed, glabrous ; peti-
oles pubescent ; calyx
obtuse ; flowers yellow.

6. Bland A,

V. glabra ; foliis corda-
tis, remote-serratis ; ped-
unculis longitudine folio-
rum ; petalis imberbibus,
infimo reliquis longiore,
lanceolato. Willd. Hort.
Berol. 1. t. 24.

Pursh, 1. p. 172.

Leaves nearly acute and flat. Flowers yellowish white. The tw&
lateral petals short, the lower marked with blue stripes ajid veins.
Pursh.

Grows in wet soils, from New-York to Carolina*

Flowers April — June.

Glabrous ; leaves cor-
date, remotely serrate ;
peduncles as long as the
leaves ; petals beardless^
the lowest longer thaa
the rest, lanceolate.

6. CUCULLATA.

V. acaulis ; foliis corda- | Stemless; leaves cor-
tis, acutiusculis, glabris, | date, somewhat acute,
l>asi cucullatis 5 floiibus j glabrous, hooded at base ,-

I^ENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

291»

invcrsis ; potiilis oblique | flowers inverted ; petals
llcxis. Sp. pi. I. p. 1 i6z. I oliliquciy bent.
Pursh, 1. p. irr>.

V. conlata, Walt. p. 219.

Perennial. Leaver sitnu'timcs reiiiform, crenate, when younp; tho
an":lcs inv«»lute. IVduncK-h l(»iii:er than the leaves, with the sniiiinit
reflexcd. Petals blue anti purple, uhite at l»a,se ; the ba'«e (if the upper
one with violet coloured veins : of the two lateral, bearded; of t]»€
lower, smooth.

Sometimes, though rarely, some of the older leaves become lobed*

Grows in damn, stift' clayey -oils. Very common.

Flowers Marcn — April.

7. AsARiFoijA. PursI

V. acaulis, pubescens ;
foliis dilatato-reniformi-
bus. acutis, crenato-denta-
tis, I)asi in |)etioliini atten-
ualis ; pedunculis foliis
niultobrevioribus. Pursb,
2 p. 733.

Collected by Catesby, in Virj^inia and Carolina, and described by
Pursli from the herbarium of Sherard

The V asarifolia of Muhlenberg's Catalogue, which he afterwards
proposed to tall uliginosa, is a caulescent species, and very dibtiuct
from this.

Grows in damp, shady woods.

JFlowers

Steniless, pubescent ;
leaves dilated reniiorin,
acute, crenute or tootbed,
tbe base tapering to a
petiole ; peduncles much
sborter tban the leaves.

8. Sagiftata.

V. acaulis ; foliis ob- | Steniless ; leaves ob-
longis, acutis, cordato-sa- | long, acute, cordate sagit-
gittatis, serratis, basi in- | tate, serrate, notched at
cisis ; lloribus inversis. j base ; flowers inverted.
Sp. pi. t. p. 1160. I

Pursh, 1. p. 172.

Leaves very oblong;, nther hastate, sagittate, dentate, the lower
teeth increasing in length until at the laieraf lobes the leaf becomes la-
ciniate, pubescent, slightly ciliate. (Peduncles longer than the leaves.
vSegments of the caly.i' linear, glal>nius. CuroUa pale bluej the 5
lower petals bearded at base. Pursii.)

Grows near the mountains of Carolina. Mr, Le Conte.

Flowers March — April.

aoa

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNlA.

Stemless ; leaves cor-
date, palmate, 5 lobed,
toothed and undivided.

9. Palmata.

V. acauli? ; folii? cor-
diitis, palmatis, quinque-
lohis, dentatis indivisib=
que. I

Sp.pl. 1. p.! 159. WaU.p.218. Mich. 2.p. 151. Pursh, l.p. 172.-

'^ Perennial. The first leaves frequently cordate, hairy, ciliate, un-
divided ; afterwards varipusly disstcted, glabntus, dotted or rather
dii^coloured with purple ; petioles hair}, longer than the stem. Ped-
uncles 4 -6 inches lon^-^ hairy. Petals purple, the 3 upper ones
bearded, the 2 lower naked.

Of this plant there appears to be many varieties. The following^
merit notice. .

Var. a. vulgaris ; the two exterior lobes of the leaves have frequently
a small segment near the base. Grows very common in light-
soils.

b. frngrans ; similar to the preceding, the leaves generally more
dissected, tlie fioweis of a brighter purple, and fragrant*
Grows 13 mdes from Savannah, on the great southern road.

c. diiutata ; with leaves deeply 3 parted, the lateral segments

2 cleft, the exterior division dilated and toothed, sometimes
dissected ; tlie middle segments large, toothed ; the whole
plant very pubescent. This is the common variety in the
upper districts ol Georgia and Caroliiia.
d» heteropifhlla ; with the early leaves cordate, late ones
hastate, with the lateral lobes sometimes divided, a^ru*
gost, crenate and glabious; the middle lobe very large.
Peduncle sometimes 12 inches long From the circumstance
of its being eaten by negroes, I had called it V. esculenta,
it is however the V, lieterophylla of Muhlenberg, and differs
from the other varieties much in size, and by its glabrous and
rugose leaves.

Grows in river swamps. Common on the Ogeechee.

All of these varieties flower in March and April. Wild Okra.

This Violet is very mucilaginous and much used by nej!;roes in
their soups. In domestic practice the bruised leaves are employed as
an emollient application.

10. Pedata.

V. aci.iilis ; foliis peda-
tiHi, ?( ptentpartitis, lad
nils lineari-laiicc'olatis, in
tejivis. Persoon, i. p
254. from Micliaiix.

V^alt. p. 219. Mich. 2. p. 151
V. dig,iiata, PHrsh, 1. p. 17 i.

Stemless ; leaves pe-
date, 7 parted, segments
linear lanceolate, entire.

niNTANDRlA MOVOGTNIA.

dcri

Hoof porcnnlal. The leavef aflTonl {jpnorally a fine exemplification
t)f ii |«Miati> I'-if. wliere ll»e 3 interior so^inciitji are attaclied to tlie in-
ner side of t!ie exterior senmetits : the sc:;tiients are soiiU'timoH tooth-
ed, and the leaves occasionally slightly pubescent. Co oUa blue,
lar'^e in proportion to tlie si/.e i»l the plant.

(irows pleniil'illy in the upper districts of -Carolina and Georgia;
raielv t'oiMid witiiin sixty miles of the sea cuatt.

Flowers April — May.

I ** Iflfh stems.

Stem erect,
leaves cordate.
nato, glabrous ;
entire.

terete ;
acu mi-
slip ule

** Caulesceiites,

1 1. Canaiikn-'is.

V. caule erecto, tereti-
tisciilo ; foliis conlatis,
aciM ifiatj"^, dahris ; sti-
piilis iiitegiis. Sp. pi. I.

p. 1 1 or*

Mich. 2. p. 150. Pursh, I. p. 174.

Perennial. Slem simple, leafy towards the summit. Leaven cor-
date, dentate, witli a Inn;;, taperin.: puint ; petioles scarcely exceedino-
half an incir Corolla white. Plant slightly pubescent. Utivules
very small, lar»cet»late.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Mich.

Flower*

Stem erect, nearly te-
rete ; leaves o\atr, cor,
<late, acute, serrate ; sti-
pules lanceolate, fringed
l)y the scrratures.

12. Striata.

V. caulc erecto, semi-
tereti ; tb'iis ovalis, cor-
datis. acutis, serratis ; sti-
pulis lanceolalis, serrato-
ciliatis. Sp.pl. l.p. i IGG.

V. debilis f Mich. 2. p. 1 jO.
V. canina, >Valt. p. 219.

Perennial. Stem much branched. Leaves acuminate, sprinkled
with hair*, on short peti(des. Shpiilen lacerate, reduncles sctlitarv,
Variable, sometimes 4 inches long, frequently not an inch. Corolla
^vhite.

Frotn specimens collected in the mountains of Carolina, by Dr.
Macbride.

The V. canina of "Walter is a prostrate plant, with leaves obtusely
cordate, f-oinetnnes orbiculate ; peduncles one to two inches Inno-
stipules lacerate : segments of the calyx very acute : corolla pale blue!

(irows in St. Johns : also on Jaiues' Jslaild, opposite Charleston.

Flowers Marcl»— April.

30S

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA^-

Glabrous ; stem sim*
pie, leafy only at the sum-
mit ; leaves alternate,
hastate ; stipules small^
denticulate.

13. Hast ATA. Mich.

V. g'labriuscula; caule
simj)lici, summitate tan-
tuin folioso; foliis alter-
nis, hastatis ; stipulis mi-
iiutis, denticulatis. Mich.
3. p. 119.

Pursh, l.p. 174.

Perennial. Stem about a font high, smooth. Leaves near the sum*-
mit hastate, with the lobes obtuse, tlie apex acute, slightly serrate,
glabrous, the veins on the upper surface sprinkled with minute hairs ;
petiole 3 to 2 inches lonj. Flowers axillary, solitary j peduncles,
longer than the petiole. Calif.v acute. Vetah yellow.

From specimens collected near Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green-
Flowers March— April.

Haiiy ; stem simple,
leafy only at the summit ;
leaves deeply 3 parted,
the lobes lanceolate, den-
tate ; flowers yellow.

14. TRrPARTITA. E.

V. pilosa ; caule sini-
plici, sumnriitate tantum
folioso ; foliis |)rofun(le
tiipartilis, lobis lanceola-
tis, dentatis; floribus lu-
teis. E.

Perennial. Stem about a foot high ; the young plant villous^.
Leavefi divided to the base, ;-<ometimes ternate, very hairy ; segments
sometimes acuminate ; stipules lanceolate, villous, entire or serru-
late. Peduncles long, slender, with 2 minute, alternate scales near
the middle. Calyx acute. Tetals yellow, the upper one beautifully
streaked with purple.

From specimens collected near Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green.

Flowers March — April.

15. Arvensis.

V. caule angulato, sul-
cato ; foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis, serratis ; stipulis ba-
si incisis ; calyce pubes-
cente, corollis sublongi-
ore. Persoon, i. p. 2.^.5.

Stem angled, furrowed 5
leaves ovate lanceolate,
serrate ; stipules incised
at base ; the calyx pu-
bescent, rather longer
than the corolla.

Annual? iS'iem erect, 10 — 12 inches high, glabrous, angled. Lowei"'
Imves spathulate, oval, nearly orbicular j the pedicels nearly an ingb

PENTANDRTA MONOGYXrA.

303

Ions;; tlie upper Ipaves lanciMtlato, ciliato ; stipules shorter than the
leaves, the ba>*e piiinatitiil ; segments linear laiicenlate, ciliate. Ca-
lyx ciliate, in my specimens, uhurter than the curulla. Fetah pale
blue ?

Mj specimens a2;ree exactly with one sent me fictin Pennsylvani.i,
"by L)r Miihlenbe:n;a«> the V. ai venhis. and exceptinii in the proportiurial
len;;th of tlie calvx and corolla, atnl in tlie colour of the corolla, agree
ivith the specific character of l*erso<»n.

Foniul near th« CUataliouchie river, Creek nation, by Dr. Latham.

Flowers

Stems erect ; leaves
broad lanceolate, and
with the hniceolate li-
near stipules very entire.

16. CONCOLOR.

V. can li bus erecti'^ ; fo-
liis lato-lanceolatis, stipu-
li- que lanceolato-lineari-
bus, inte^eniniis. Trans.
Linn. Soc. 6. p. 309 t. 28.

Pursh, 1. p. 175.

Perennial. 8tem 1 — 2 f< et hi^;h, sli;fhtly an2;le»l, weak, erect. Leaver
lanceolate, long, acuminate, rugose, entiie or irregularly toothed.
atipules linear lanceolate, entiie. Peduncles very short. Flowers
small, pale green. i*etais 5, the 2 upper linear, recurved, entire : the
2 lateral linear, toothed, recurved; the loucrurte 2 parted. iSy;«r
very short. Stigma hookeil, perforate, twice as long as t!ie anther.
Foster.

Grows in the deep, shaded vallies of the mountains of Carolina.
Dr. Macbride.

Flowers June — July.

LMPATIENS. Gen. pl. 136.5.

Calyx 2-i)hyllus. Co-
rolla irregularis, calcara-
ta. AntiierfB connata?.
Capsula supera, l-locu-
laris, i3-valvis.

1. Noli Tangere.

I. pedunculis soliiariis,
nmltidoris ; Ibliis ovatis,
obtuse dentatis ; genicu-
lis caulinis tunientibus.
Sp. pl. 1. p. il76.

Calj/x a leaved. Co-
rolla irreis;ular, bearing a
s[)ur. Anthrns cohering.
CV/;;.s7^/6' superior, l celled,
o valved.

Peduncles solitary,
many flowered ; leaves
ovate, obtusely dentate ;
knees of the stem swol-
len.

Mich. 2. p. 149. var. a> Pursh^ l. p. iri>

S04<

PENTANDRU MONOGYNIA.

A tenfler, succulent, annual plant, 2 — 4* feet high, much branched,
very siuooti). i^ftem and branches fiexuous. Leaver on Ion" petioles,
crenate, very glabrous, of a glaucous hue. J'eduncles axillary.
Jtlowers yellow, (unspotted. Pursh.)

Grows in wet soils, near rivulets.

Flowers July — October.

Peduncles solitary, f^enm
erally 2 flowered : leaves
ovate, serrate ; flowery
tawny, v/itli red specks.

2. BlFLORA.

1 pedimculis solitariJs,
plerumqiie bifloiis : foliis
ovatis, serratis ; floribus
fulvis, maculis rubris.
Walt. p. 2i9.

Sp. pi 1. p. 1175. Pursh, 1. p. 171.
I. noli tangere, Mich. 1. p. 149. var. b.

Very similar to the preceding species. The leaves are said to be
smaller and more acutely dentate, and thi' jJmrevs less numerous and
spotted. I have not had an opportunity oi comparing them.

Grows in swamps and wet soils.

Flowers July — October.

CISSUS.

Bacca S-lociilaris, 1 — 4-
spernia. Pdala reflexo-
patula. decidua. Kecta-
rium germ en cingens.

1. BiPiNNATA. Mich.

C. foliis bipinnatis, fo-
licAis ovato-lanceolatis,in-
ciso-dentatis lobatisque ;
lloribus corvmbosis. E.

Berry 2 celled. 1 — 4
seeded. Pdah rcflexcd
and spreading, deciduous.
Nectary girding the germ.

Leaves doubly pinnate,
leaflets ovate lanceolate,
deeply toothed and lobed,
floweis in coiymbs.

Vitis arborea, Sp. pi. 1 . p. 1 1 83.

Hedera arborea, Walt. p. 102.

Ampelopsis bipinnata, Mich. 1. p. 160.

Cissus stans, Persoon, 1. p. 143. Pursh, 1. p. 170.

A vine-like shrub, twining around trees, branches very numerous, a
little angular, thickened at the joints, glabrous, witliout tendrils. Leaves
sometime' decompound ; leaflets slightly cordate, acute, with teeth
mucronate, glabrous, veins nearly opposite and conn cited by a short
ciliate membrane. Corymbs opposite tiie leaves ; peduncles com-
poundly dicliytomous, pubebcent. Cc/^vC a mere margin girding the

PENTANORIA MONOGYXIA.

^r)3

base of tlic e;prm. sliji;litly iintlulate. Curul'a '.Iccidiious, I pctalled ?
(le<*|)lv 5 purtcil ; se;;inents ^cal•c^•ly colieiin:; at base, lance«)lato, ex-
j)uu liiiu;, f)u'»vbcent. Filamruts .T, inserted iiit > the zfnn at the base
of tiie cruolla. shorter tiiaii the corolla. J\'ectarif'/ a meinbraiie sur-
rouudi-)^ the ;;enn vitliin the htamcns ; the lioider truncate, but »'»
waved U'i to resembb? a ten b>l)e<l mar;;iii. fitrni superior, ovate, j^la-
brous, taperin-i to a very short sti/fn-. S^tigma obtuse. lierry {jlobosc,
gla'jroiis, black, '2 celK>tl. Seeds 1 — 2 in cacli cell.

'I'liis plant, which has so often been removed, appears to be certain-
ly a Cissus. The mere addition of a fifth part to tt>e corolla and hta-
uiens is a circumstance too trivial to coiistituie a new genus, and it
the ori;;n»al nam", arhurea, of 1/inna.us, whicii wan incorrect, ought
to bf ciian;i;ed, tlie name given it by Micliaux is ccrtaiidy entitled to
a preference.

Grows in damp, rich soils.

Flowers June — July.

S. HcDERACKv. Pcrsoon.

C. caiilc radicaiUe,
scandente; foli"H quinato-
digitatis ; paniculis coni-
positis, opposili-foliis ;
neclario 0 ^

Stein radicant, climbing ;
leaves digitate, by fives ;
panicles compound, op-
[)f)sitc the leaves : necta-
ry v/Luuing ?

Persoon, 1. p. 143.

Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Mich. 1. p. I GO.

Iledera quintpiefolia, Linn. Hort. Cliff. 7-1.

^ -, Walt. p. 1U2.

Vitis hederacea, \Villd. !5p. pi. 1. p. 1183.

Stem ascendin» l()fty trees, adhering t the bark by short lateral fibres,
sometimes attachinj;: itself to walls or fences, jj'ahrous. Leaflets conneo
<ed at base, lanceolate, ac iiniiiate, entire near t'lc base, stronj^ly ilen-
tnte near the summit, glabrous, tlie middle leallets lar{;;er than the lat-
eral. Petioles 4 — ti inches long, /"'fiwic/f .■^ oppoi^ite t le lpaVi»s. com-
posed of comp;)undly dichotoinous racemes on peduicii^s I — J inches
long; pedicels 1 — 3 lines long, anil with the |)edu iclos glabrou** ;ind
purple. Petals 4 times as long as the ralyx. with the summit and
margins so reflexed as to t rm a small hood. I could observe no nec-
tary in this specie^ as in thr ('. hipinnata. lii-rvy 4 celled, 4 seeded.

Grows in soils so lewhat humid.

Flowers in June.

Persoon remarks that this plant is admirably calculated to clothe
naked walls } pi^rhaps however tor this pnrpo:?e it is surpassed iii la-
rilitv of growth and beauty by the Bi2;nonta radicans.

3. Amim:loi>is. Persoon.

C. Ibliis cordaii-^, den-
tatis : paniculis diclioto-

Leaves cordate, tooth-
ed j panicles diclioto-

o S

906

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA^

mis ; floribus fi-andris.
Persoon, l. p. 143.

mous ; flowers pentan^
droiis.

Ampelopsis cordata, Mich. 1. p. 159.

Stem climbing. Leaves cordate, unequally dentate, hairy along tiie
nerves ; the base frequently straight, as if truncate. Panicles oppo-
site the leaves, dichotomous, the branches expanding. JVectartf per*
gistent.

Grows in swamps near Granby, South*-Carolina.

Flowers

CLAYTONIA. Gen. pl. 402.

Calyx 3-valvis. Co-
rolla 5-petala. Stigma
o-fidum. Capsiila 3-val-
vis, l-locularis, S-sper-
ma.

1. ViRGINICA.

C. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis ; racemis solitariis ;
calycis foliis acutiusculis ;
petalis obovatis, retiisis ;
radice tuberosa. Pursh,
l.p. 175.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 1185. Mich. 1.

Calyx 3 valved. Co*
rolla 5 petalled. Stigma
3 cleft. Capsule 3 valv-
ed, 1 celled, 3 seeded.

Leaves linear lanceo-
late ; racemes solitary ;
leaves of the calyx some-
v^^hat acute ; petals obo-
vate, retuse ; root tube-
rous.

160.

Hoot tuberous, perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, 6 — 10 inches
high, terete, glabrous,, simple. Leaves two, opposite, generally linear,
entire, glabrous, connate, at base, 2 — 4 inches long, 1 — 2 lines wide.
Flowers (4 — 18) in a simple raceme ; peduncles i — 2 inches long,
glabrous. Spathe a short, ovate, obtuse leaf at the base of the raceme.
Calyx 2 leaved ; leaves lanceolate, acute, entire, persistent. Petals
oval, obtuse, striate, rose coloured, twice or three times as long as
the calyx. Filaments half as long as the petals, dilated at base, in-
serted Avith the petals at the base of the germ. Anthers erect, ob-
long, rose coloured, 2 celled. Germ superior, ovate. Style longer
than the stamens, 3 cleft at the summit. Stigmas linear, obtuse,
glandular, slightly reflexed. Capsule nearly globose. Seeds some-
what lenticular, black, 1 or 2 ? in each valve, attached to a central
Teceptacle.

Grows in shaded, rich soils. Columbia, Mr. Herbemont. At the
hfead of Cooper river. Dr. Macbride,"

FFowers March — Apiih

PENTANDRIA MONOGINIA.

307

2. Caroliniana. Mich.

C. foliis spatbiilatis ; Leaves spathulate ; ra-

raccmo solitario ; calycis ccme solitary ; leaves of

Ibliolis obtusis ; petaiis the calyx obtuse ; petals

suhrotuiulis, rctusis ; ra- nearly round, retusc ;

dice tuberosa. Pursb, l. root tuberous,
p. 175.

Mich. 1. p. 160.

C. Virginica, var. h. Sp. pi. 1. p. 1185.

leaves scarcely half an inch long, sometimes 2 pair upon a stalt.
Flowers smaller than the preceding species, rose colourea, with pur»
pie veins. Mich.

Grows amona; the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers in March.

ANYCHIA. Mich.

Calyx connivens, laci-
uiis oblongis. Corolla 0.
Filamenta distincta. Stig-
mata 3. Capsnla utricu-
laria, non dehiscens. Se-
meii i.

1. Canadensis.

A. caule erecto, dicho-
tonio. pubcscente ; foliis
lance olatis ; stipulis ple-
rumquc quaternis ; caly-
cis foliolis acutis. E.

Calijx connivent, the
segments oblong. Corol-
la 0. Filaments distinct.
Stigmas 2. Capsule Wke
a bladder, not opening.
Seed 1.

Stem erect, diclioto-
mous, pubescent ; leaves
lanceolate ; stipules gen-
erally by fours ; leaves of
the calyx acute.

. Pursh, 1. p. ir6.
p. 494.

Perennial. Stem 6 — 12 inches hit^h, terete, very pube&cenf, to-
wards the summit much branched. Lenvrs oppusite, nearl)^ glabrous,
sessile, sprinkled along the margins occasionally with hairs, dotted
on eacli side. Stipules communly 4 at each joint, membranous, much
shorter than the joints. Floicers solitary, terminal, but from the
number of branches appearing to be in terminal fascicles or corymbs;
4 stipules at the base of each flower. Calyx 5 parted ; scgnicnts
somewhat hooded at the point, a little extended beiiind the summit.
Corolla 0. Stamenfi sliorter tlian the calyx. {Stigmaa 2. Mich.)

A. dicliotoma, Mich. 1. p. 113
Queria Canadensis, Sp. pi. 1.

308

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNlA.

This plant, whilst it (lifters in habit from the Queria Hispaiiica, az
fiffureri ii) Quers Flora Ilispanica, vol. G. t. 15. f £. agrees so exactly
with the Anychia of Michaux, that I cannot hesitate in placing it, as
as he has done, in this j^enus.

Grows in dry soils, in the upper districts of Carolina, particularly
Fairfield Dr.'Macbride.

Flowers July — August.

2. Hekniaiuoides. Mi
A. huniifusa, conferta,
iindique j)iibescens ; fo-
liis o!)loi)go ovalilnis, cil-
iatis, mucronatis ; laciniis
calycis subulatis, acu-
niine setaceo patuloque.
Mich. l.p. 113.

Pursh, 1. p. 176.
Collected in the upper districts
lie Se^ra.
Flowers through the summer.

Cll.

Prostrate, clustered, in
every part pub e see lit ;
leaves oblong oval, cili-
ate, mucronate ; seg-
ments of the calyx subu-
late, the poir.t setaceous
and expanding.

of South-Carolina, by M. Correa

CsBspitose,
bent ; leaves
cute ; stipules
tlian the joints ; leaves
of the calyx acuDin.stey
bearded at the summit.

procum-
linear, a-
2. longer

3. Argykocoma? Mich.

A csespitosa, procum-
bens ; foliis linearilnis,
acutissimis ; stipulis !)i-
nis, internodiis lonfi;iori-
bus ; calycibus acuniina-
tis, apice barbatis.

Mich. 1. p. 115.

Achyranthes dichotoma, Sp. pi. 1. p. 1196.

Root perennial, fusiform. Stems assurgent, jointed, terete, gla--
brous towards the summit, viichotomous, mucli branched. Leaves op-
posite, linear, acute, slightly hairy. Stipules generally 2 at the
branches, frequently 4, as long, or longer than tlie joints, givinji the
young shoots the silvery appe;irance from which Michaux has derived
his name. Flowers, as in the preceding species, but the clusters
more distinct. Appendages behind tlie summits of the calyx acumi-
nate.

Grows in rocky places, among the mountains of Carolina, Mich.
For my specimens I am indebted to Mr. Nuttall, who collected them
at Harper's Ferry, Virginia.

Flowers

This genus \. ill probably be enlarged when our plants are well ex-
attLined. The northern A. Canadensis appears to me to differ mueli

Pr.NTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

20^

J'rom the southeri) plant, ami Mr. NuUall has lately informed ine that
ho has found In TeimesHec a species agreeini^ more minutely with
IVlicliaux's arjjyrocoina than the one above described.

ACHYRANTIIES. Gen. pi.. 404.

Cali/v duplex, mcin-
hranaccus, porsihtciis ;
exUiior 3-phylIus, inte-
rior 5-pliyIliis, infcqualis.
Stamina ncctario insi-

Cah/.v double, membra-
naceous, persistent : ex-
terior 3 leaved, interior
5 leaved, unequal. Sta-
mens sitting on the nec-

Stem prostrate, haiiy ;
leaves opposite, lanceo-
late, petiol'ite; heads ses-
sile, ovate, alternately ax-
il larv.

dcntia,latinia interposita. ! tary, with a segment be-
Stmcn 1. I twecn them. Seed l.

1. Repkns.

A. caulihus prostratis,
hirsutis ; tbliis oppositis,
lanceolatis, petiolatis ; ea-
pitulis sessilibus, ovatis,
^Iternatim axillaribus. E.

fjomphrena polv^onnides, Linn.

lUecebrum achyrantha, NN'alt. p. 103.

Illecebrum polygonoides, Willd Sp. pi. 1. p. 1208.

Midi. 9.. p. 34. Pursh, 2. p. 4-4J.

Achyranthcs polygonoides, La Marck, Encj. Metli. under the
word Cadelar.

Plant perennial, creeping. Stem very hairy, villous at the joints.
Leaves' slii^Iitiy sprinkled \\itl> hairs on the under surface, opposite,
one leaf generally larger than tlie other. The Jioicers by pressure in
the heads acquire a 3 angled form. Posterior ciili/JC 3 leaved, leave<>
very acute, somewhat rigid, ejjual : interior cali/x 5 leaved, the 3 ex-
terior ovate, lanceolato, very acute, rigid, liairv near the base, equal,
longer than the exterior calyx : the 2 interior sliorter, very hairr eveii
at the summit, hairs long, slandular, ca[)itatc. J^'ectartf surrounding
the base ot the germ, persistent, bearing the stamens : the seu;ii;ents
between tlie stamens subulate, sin)ple, acute, as long as the fdaments.
yUaments short, ^intliprs incumbent, oval. Germ supei ior, nearly
glubosc. ^lyle very short. Stis^m. obtuse, slightly glandular. Cap-
sule I celled, not opening. Sped 1, round, compressed.

This humble and common plant app»'ars to have been negligently
examined; it accords nearly wifii tiu' cen-is Achyranthes as undor-
«tni)d by La ^L^rck, excepting tiiai by its interior calyx (or co olla) it
Li nearly allied to lioniphrcna| and that the intermediate segments of

310 PENT AND RIA MONOGYNIA.

the nectary are simple, not divided at the summit ; neither is the nee?
tary caducous, as described by Schreber.

Grows in dry soils, along walls, fences and the edges of roads,
streets, &c. in places much trodden. Common in the maritime dis-
tricts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers March — October. Forty knot.

The detoction of the whole plant sensibly increases the urinary dis-
charge. In domestic practice it is usual to give it warm, ad libitumy
to patients labouring under Ischury and Dysury. The remedy is gen-
erally successful.

^. FiCOIDEA.

A .? caulibus repenti-
bus, glabris ; foliis iato-
lanceolatis, petiolatis ;
capitulis orbiculatis, pu-
bescentibus. Willd.

Stems creeping, gla-
brous ; leaves broad lan-
ceolate, petiolate ; heads
spherical, pubescent.

Persoon, 1. p. 259.

Illecebrum ficoideum, Sp.pl. 1. p. 1£08. Pursh,2.p. 445.

Grows along the sea coast from Carolina to Florida. Pursh.
Flowers July — August.

Glabrous ; stem creep-
ing ; leaves nearly terete,
fleshy ; heads soUtary,
oblong, terminal.

3. Vermicularis.

A ? glabra ; caulibus
repentibus ; foliis subte
retibus, carnosis ; capitu
lis solitariiSj oblongis, ter
minalibus.

Gomphrena vermicularis, Sp. pi. 1. p. "T322.
Illecebrum vermiculatum, Pursh, 2. p. 446.

I have had no opportunity of examining the two last species, I have-
therefore placed them here with some hesitation. If they agree in
character with the first, they will probably constitute an interme-
diate genus between Achyranthes and Gomphrena. The last species,
however, from its solitary terminal heads, appears to be closely allied
to Gomphrena.

Grows along the sea coast from Carolina to Florida. Pursh.

Flowers June — August.

THESIUM. Gen. pl. 410.

Calyx 4-phyllus, cui I Calyx 1 leaved, in
stamina inserta. Mix which the stamens are

PENTANDRIA MONOGVNIA.

311

inserted. A7// inferior,
1 seeded, covered with
the persistent calyx.

Flowers in axillary
uniljcls ; leaves oblong.

112.

infera, niono-spernia, ca-
1} cc persistcntc tecia

1. UMRinXATlM.

T. floribus uinbclhitis,
axillaribus ; foliis oblon-
gis. Sp. pi. 1. p. 1211.

T. corvmbulosuin, Midi. 1- p.

/foof perennial. Stem smooth, branching near the summit. Leaves
oblong, lanceolate, entire, {glabrous, sessile. L'mhela 3 — 5 flowered,
axillary ; common peduncles lonj;er than the leaves ; pedicels
2 — 3 lines long. Involucrum 4 leaved, leaves small, lanceolate.
Calyjc 1 leaved, conical, with the upper half coloured and 5 cleft.
Corolla 0. Stam ns shorter than the calyx.

Verv common in dry soils in the unper country. Dr. Macbride*-

Sent to me from AtWns, Georgia, by Mr. Green.

Flowers

GELSEMINUM. Juss.

Calyx 5 leaved. Co-
rglla funnel shaped. Cap^
side con)pressed, divisi-
ble, 3 celled. Seeds flat,
attaclied to the margins
of the valves.

Pursh, 1. p.
3. p. 291.
, 99.

184.

Calijx .5-phyllus. Corol-
la infundibuhfurmis. Cap-
sula conipress'o-plana, 2-
partibilis, 2-locularis. ^'^-
mina plana, valvular urn
marginibus adncxa.
i. Sempervirens.

G. nitidum, Mich. 1. p. 120.
Bignonia sempervirens, Sp. pi.
Anon, sempervirens, ^Valt. p
Gelseminum, Catesby Car. 1. p. 53 t. 53.

Perennial. .9f?m twining, smooth, glabrous, /.^aivs opposite, pe-
rennial, lanceolate, entire, slightly acuminate, of a dark shining greea
colour on the upper surface, paler on the under, 1 — '2 inches long,
^ — 8 lines wide ; petioles short. Flowers (1 — 5) in axillary clusters;

}»edicel i an inch long, clothed with small scales. Leaves of the ca-
y.r lanceolate, equal, glabrous, with the margins slightly membrana-
ceous. CnrolLa yellow; border obscurely 5 lobcd, lobes round and
equal. Filaments half a^ long as the corolla, inserted into its base,
Anthers erect, sagittate, 2 celled. Germ superior, oblong, furrowed^
tapering into tlie style. Stijle as long as the tube of the corolla, with
the summit 4 cleft, (dichotomous). Stigmas simple, recurved.

This beautiful plant flourishes in almost every soil in the maritime
distiicts of^Carolina and Georgia, though it prefers moist and rich

812

I*ENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

lands- It abounds alon* the roads, covering the shrubbery with its
ricli foliage and tlowers, and perfuming the air with its delightful
fra"rance.

Flowers February — March ; sometimes October — November.

Yellow Jessamine.

The Howers, root, &c. of tliis shrub are narcotic. A spirituous
tincture of the root has been used successfully in Rheumatism. The
effluvia of the flowers are said sometimes to induce stupor.

ECHITES. Gen. pl. 431.

Folliculi duo, distincti,
teretes. Semina pappo-
sa. Corolla infundibuli-
formis, liniho 5-partito.
Jbttherce medio sligmati
colfserentes. '^iquamce 5,
carnosse, hypogyiise.

Follicles two, distinct,
terete. Seed crowned
with a pappus. Corolla
funnel shaped, with tlie
border b parted. Anthers
adherinfj; in the middle
to the stigma. Scales 5,
fleshy, surrounding the
base of the germ.

* Seg merits of the co^

* Laciniis cor oil (C (c-
quilnteris. (Parsonsia. \ rolla equal sided.
Brown Trans. Wern.
Soc. 1 p. 64.)

1. DfFFOiiMis. Walt.

E. caule volubili ; fo-
liis infimis subliuearibus,
superioribus ovali-lance-
olatis, acuminatis ; I'ace-
mis corymbosis ; stamini-
bus inclusis. E.

Echites difformis, Walt. p. 99.
E. puberula, Mich. 1. p. 120.

Stem climbing ; the
lowest leaves nearly li-
near, the upper oval lan-
ceolate, acuminate ; ra-
ceme corymbose ; sta-
m^ens included.

Pursh, 1. p. irS.

A plant perennial, twining over small shrubs. Leaves opposite, pu-
bescent on the under suiface. Flowers small, pale yellow, in three
parted corymbs ; corymbs axillary or between the petioles. Calyx
5 parted ; segments very acute. Corolla funnel shaped ; the throat
naked, but marked with 5 furrows ; ti>e border 5 cleft, with segments
ovate, coj)tracted at the base, equilateral. Filaments inserted into
the base of the corolla, and scarcely more than half its length. Jn-
thers sagittate, the ba§e or auricles destitute of pollen^ adhering in

PENTANDRTA MONOGYNIA. , 319^!

tlie inidillc to the stii^nia. Germs -2, uniting at the sttT^tnU mtrf on^
stylt' ni'.iily as Ions; as tho stamens. Five thick, obtusA^'fte^hy, dark
coloured boiHei hurround the base of the gcims. FaUides 16Dg|,y
straight, slender. "^ '

Gr(»\vs in damp, rich soils f in high river swamps, not rare.

Flowers May — Au<;u3t.

Since the Cataloj^ue of Genera prefixed to thia class was printetl
1 have seen Brown's .idmiruble view ol" tlie natural orders of the
Asclepiudeiv and Anocynew, in the transactions of the Wernt -ian
Society «f Ktlinburgli. This plant, the Echites of precetlinjj; author^,
certainly, from its corolla, belongs to tlic Parsnnsia of Brown, al-
ihouijh,'by it-< included stamens, it varies from one character of that
^enus.

AMSONIA. Walt.

Foil i cull duo, erjecti.
Coro//fl infundibiilifonnv^,
faiicc clausa. Semlna
terelia, nuda, apicibus ob-
lique-truiicatis.

1. L.VTIFOLIA.

A. caiile glabriusculo ;
Toliis ovali-lanceolatis, su-
perioribiis proinisse acu-
miiuitis, subtus ad nervos
pubcscentibus. Pursli, 1.
p. 184.

Mich. l.p. 121.

Amsonia Taberntrmontana, Walt. p. 98.
Tabernffimontana am3onia, Sp. pi. 1. p. 1246.
Iloof perennial. Stem herbaceous, about 2 feet high, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, on very short footstalks, slightly glaucous under-
neath, /•'lowers in terminal, corymbose panicles, pale blue. Fulli-
rlp<i long, slender, cylindrical. Seeds without any terminal tuft of
liair, nearly black.

Grows in damp soils. Very common in the middle country of Ca^
rolina and Georgia.
Flowers April — May.

Follicles two, erecL
Corolla funnel shaped,
with the throat closed.
Seeds terete, naked, vvlth
the summit obliquely
truncate.

Stem glabrous ; leaves
oval lanceolate, the up-
per conspicuously acu-
minate, pubescent on the
under surface along the
nerves.

S. SALIClFftl.IA.

A. caulc Ifevigato ;
liis lincari-lauceolatis.

fo-
u-

p 2

Stem smooth ; leaves
linear lanceolate, acute

314

PENT AND RI A DTGYNIA.

tiinqiie acutis, glaberri- at each
mis. Pursh, f. p. 18 1. broiis.

Flowers in terminal corymbs, very numerous, blue.
Found in Carolina and Georgia, by Mr. Lyon.
Flowers May —June.

2. Angus riFOLTA. Mich.

end. very gla-

Stem pubescent ; leaves
narrow, linear, nume-
rous, erect, pubescent.

A. caule pubescente ;
foliis angusto-linearibus,
crebris, erectis,pubescen-
tibus. Mich. l. p. isi.

Pursh, 1. p. 184.

A. ciliata, Walt. p. 98.

Similar in size and habit to the first species, but more disposed to
branch near the summit. Leaves on the stem linear lanceolate, on
the branches linear and crowded, all hairy and ciliate. Flowers blue.

Walter describes his A. ciliata as having tawny flowers. If tliis
has not arisen from some typographical error, the variety he describes
has not recently been seen.

Grows in the middle districts of Carolina and Georgia 5 ril-e in
the lower.

Flowers April — May.

VWVWVWVXAiVWWVVW

BIGYXIA.

•Vl \'W\'W\ V»/\VW

ArOCYNUM.

Folliculi §, longi, li-
neares. Semina papposa.
ro7'o//«canipanulata. ^72-
therce medio cum stigma-
te cohserentes.

4. Andros^mifolium.

A. fohis ovatis, glabris ;
cyniis terminalibus, late-

Follicles 2, long, linear.
8eed beaiirig a pappus.
Corolla campanulate. /i//-
thers adhering in the mid-
dle to the stigma.

Leaves ovate, glabrous ^
cymes terminal and lat«-

I'ENTANDIUA DIGYNIA.

310

cral ; tuhc of the corolla
longer lliuii the calyx.

ralil)us(|iic : tiibo corolhu
ralyecm supcraiite.
Brown, Tiaiis.Wern. Soc.
1. p. or.

Sj). pi. I. p. 1259. Mich. 1. p. 121. Pursh, 1. p. 179.

J{(tot pcicMiiial. Stfin herbaceous, eroct, 2- 5 feet hi;;h. Leaves
oppuslie, ovate, or oval laticeolate, niucionate, somewhat glaucous
underneath. Corolla inonopctaloiis, 5 cleft, wliite tin);;e(l wiih red.
JS'ectartj, 5 oval glands surroundin;; the germ, purple, viscid, jinthers
scarcely half as loii^ as the corolla

Gn»\\» aloiij; tlie inar^iua of fields and woods, from Canada to
Caniiina. Pursh.

Flowers June- July.

Leaves lanceolate, a-
cute at each end, gla-
brous ; cymes panicu-
late : calyx as Ions; as
the tu!)c ol" the corolla.

2. Cannadim.m.

A. Ibliis lanccolatis, u-
trinquc acutis, glabris ;
cymis panieulatis ; calyce
tubuMi corollie tequante.
Brown, Trans. Wern. Soc.
1. p. 03.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 125D .- Walt. p. lOr.

Stem herbaceous, 2 — 3 feet high. Cymes lateral, longer than the
leaf. Flowers greenish white.

Grows in Carolina. Of its habitat however I am uncertain, as
this, and the succeeiling species have hitherto been confounucd. The
^yn»)nynics in Willdenow evidently refer to both species.

Flowers

3. PUBESCEKS.

A foliis ovato-oI)l()n-
<:^i5, niucronatis, basi ob-
tusis. utrinque cyniaque
breviore puljc\scciiii!uis :
calyce corollain sulm*
<piante. Brown, 'I'lans.
AVfin. Soc. 1. p. OS.

Flor. Vir?. (Kd. prior), p. C8.

A. cannabinum, Mich. l.p. 121. Pursh, 1. p. 179

Brown.

Leaves ovate obloniv
niucronate, obtu?«n at
base, on both sides an '
with the shorter cyinr.,
pubescent ; calyx nearly
as long as the corolla.

316 PENTANDRIA DrCYNlA.

Stem herbaceous, 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves almost' tomentosc on the
under surface. Cymes terminal. Flowers greenish.

This is our most common species of Apocynum. Grows in pas-
tures, fields, &c. but not very abundantly. Columbia ; Mr. Herbe-
mont.

Flowers May— June.

LYONiA. :£:.

Pollen masses 10, smooth,
pendulous. Stamineal
crown 5 leavecl,the leaves
flat, erect. Stigma co-
nical, S cleft. Corolla i
petalled, campanulate#
Follicles smooth.

Mossce poUinis 1 0, Ise ves,
penviulse. Corona stami-
nea fiphylla, foliolis pla-
nia, erectis. Stigma co-
niciim, bifidum. Corolla
monopetala, carapaniUa-
ta. Folliculi lieves.
1. Maritima.

Cynanchum angustifolium, Muhl. Cat.
Ceropegia palustris, Pursh, 1. p. 184.

Perennial. Stem herbaceous, branching, glabrous, climbing over
rushes and small marine plants. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear,
channelled, somewhat succulent, about an inch long. Umbels solita-
ry, axillary (or rather growing between the leaves), 9 — 10 flowered.
Calyx small, 5 parted ; segments acute, erect. Corolla 5 parted ; seg-
ments lanceolate, very acute, glabrous, greenish, with the summits
slightly reflected. Leaves of the stamineal crown oval, obtuse, white,
longer than the stigma, scarcely half as long as the corolla. Corpus-
cle conical, slightly furrowed, and cloven at the summit. Stamens^
styles, follicles and seed as in the Asclepias. Follicles very slender.

Nearly allied to the Diplolepis of Brown. To the Ceropegia of that
authc.r or even of Linngeus, it seems to have but little afiinity.

GroMS in land occasionally overflowed by salt water.

Flowers June — October.

I have named this plant in honor of Mr. John Lyon, whose in-
defatigable and successful researches after the plants of the United
States, merit this notice from American botanists.

ACERATES.

Massce pollinis I0,l9eves,
pendiiise. Corona stami-
nea5-\)\\y\\?i; foliolis con-
cavis, brevibusj angiilis

Pollen masses 10, smooth,
pendulous. Stamineal
crown 5 leaved: leaves
concave shortj appres*

rENTANDUlA Dir.YNlA.

317

lilamcntoriiin ai)[)rcssis.
Comlfa rdlcxa. FoUi-
culi la;ves.

i. LONGIFOI.IA.

A. caiilc dccunibcntc ;
foliis altcrnis, liiioarilms j
iimbellis laleralibu.s,crcc-
tis ; corona brcvissirna.

Asclcpias longifolia, Midi. 1.

sod to tbc aiii^lcs of ihc
iilarucnts Corolla rcHec-
tcd. Follicles siiioolb.

Stchi (liM iniibciit ; leaves
nkcniatc. linear ; umbels
lateral, erect ; crown ve-
ry sbort.

11(>. I'uisli, 1. p. 183.

A. iataruata, ^^ alt. p. 106.

Perennial. Stem 18 — 24 inches h'v^n, decumbent ami erect, pu-
bescent. Leaves alternate, somewliat crcnvded, linear lanceolate, ses-
sile, pubescent particularly alonu, the mai(;ins and inidrilj. 4-0 inches
lone, '> — 4 lines wide. Umbels near the .smiinut generally verticillate,
C — 4 from each joint; pedicels and jieduncles about an inch Ion.;, pu-
bescent, with a small leaf at the base of each peduncle. CalyA' very
small, 5 paitetl, cicct. Curulla 3 or 4 times as long; as t!ie calyx, 5
parted, rellected, cinereous, tipped with purple. Leaves of the crown
closely embracing the angles ol tlie corpuscle around its base, purple.
Horn 0, Stamens, styles, »tis;ma a.m\ Jruit, as in the Asclenias.

The Asclepias viridiflora of Purs.li apjieais to belong; to this "enuSf
It is perhaps doubtful whether the absence of the horn-like appen-
da:;es constitutes a suflicient character to establish thi> genus. I
should certainly have been better satisfied with it had it separated tlie
species of Asclepias witli alternate, from those with opposite leaves.

Grows in wet pine barrens.

Flowers May — July.

ASCLEPIAS.

Masses poll in is 10, Ijieves,
pendula^ Corona sfami-
Jica simplex, 5-pb} 11a ; ftv
liolis cucullatls, e TuikIo
exsercntibus proeessum
aversum, corniformein.
Corolla reflcxa. Follicu-
li lieves. Brown.

* Foliis oppasitis sen
Terticillatis.

1. Variegata.
A. foliis ovali-lanccolatjs,
ptitiohitisj unduhitis. sub-

Pollcn masses 10. smooth,
pendulous. Stainincal
croxvn simple, ;> leaved ;
leaves cowled, bearing
from the bottom an a-
verted, born shaped pro-
cess. Corolla rellected.
Follicles smooth.

* Leaves opposite or
verticillate.

Leaves oval lanceolate,
petiolate.uiMlidatej somc>

SIS PENTANDRIA DIGYNlA.

tUwS glaiicesccntibus ; iim-
bellis tcrnnnalibus ; ped-
iinculis pedicellisque pu-
bescentibufs. E.

what glaucous under,
nealh ; umbels terminal 5
peduncles and pedicels,
pubescent.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1265. Waft. p. 104. Pursh, 1. p. 181.
A liybrida, Mich. 1. p 115.

Root perennial. Stem herhaceous, simple, erect, 2 — 2^ feet high,
terete, with two pubescent lines, dark purple. Leaves slightly acu-
minate, strongly veined, with the veins and margins pubescent ; pe-
tioles hair an inch lojig, pubescent. Umbels 1--6, naked, at the sum-
mit of the stem ; peduncles and pedicels about an inch long, with a
small, setaceous, caducous leaf at t!;e base of each pedicel. Calyx
small, 5 parted ; segments subulate, hairy, grtcn, rctiexed. Corolla
5 parted ; scgn-.ents broad, lauceoiate, ghibrous, 3—4 times as long as
tlic calyx, "reen on the oi'tcr surface, white on the inner. J\''ectar^
or stamlneal croic n composed of 5. tleshy, obtuse, wiiite leaves shorter
than the petals : leaves involute, slightly impressed on the back,
bearin"- from tl.e hollow centre a small lioi n, acute, i'.icurved. Fila-
7nents? 5, sessile, cohering, \vit!» t'le membranous margins reflected,
and the summit also membranous, inflected, containing a cell or sack
at each interior an«..le, purple at base, and white at the summit. Fo'-
len masses 10, yellow, solid, transparent, 3 jointed, pendulous, the
lower joint .^ punctate, attached to a pentangular, central corpuscle.
2 at each angle, and hanging in tiie cells of the filaments: the 2
masses at each angle are not inserted into the 2 cells of one, but into
the approximating cells of adjoining tilaments. Germs 2, small, conic,
united at base, covered by the corpuscle to which the pollen masses
are attached. Styles short. (b7iij'?i(fts simple, obtuse. Follicle lance-
olate, smooth, opening at one side. Seeds ilat, orbicular, slightly
winded, attached to a loose, central receptacle, and crowned at the
summit with a long tuft (d" silky h.air.

The essential parts of this description will apply to all of tlie plants
that really belong to the genus Asclepias. The species vary in the co-
lour, fi"-ure, and proportional size of the corolla, stamineal crown, horn
and corpuscle, and from these the best specific characters will perhaps
be ultimately derived ; at present the leaves supply more obvious and
sufficient characters.

Physiological Botanists still differ as to the uses, functions, and
even names of the parts of the flower in the complex structure of
this natural order of plants : even the place which th.e Asclepiadcaj
ought to occupy in the artificial system of Linnteus has been a subject
of controversy. But their connection w ith the Apocynete, most of
Avhich are manifestly pentandrous, seems to require their location in
this class.

All the species of Asclepias are ornamental, and the pappus has
been applied to purposes of domestic oeconomy. For ornament this
species, the A. obtusifolia, laurifolia, paupercula and parviflora merit
particular attention; while the A, ampleidcaulii seems to produce the

PENTANDRTA DIGYNIA.

819

most seeJ, and consrqiHMitly will he most valuable if over it should
become an object to apply its silky down to purposes of domestic
ntility.

(irows in rich, <li y soils.

Flowers April — June.

Lyon.

Stem erect, simple ;
l("aves broiid huiccolate,
sliglitly acuminate, gla-
bious ; unil)cl.s lateral, so-

litary, on

cles, noddinir

long

pc dun-

CD*

2. PlIYTOLACCOIDES.

A. raide erecto, sini-
plici ; foliis lato-lanceola-
tis, suhacuniinatis, gla-
bris ; nnil)tllis laterali-
bus, snlitariis, longe pcd-
unculatis, nutantibus.

Pursh, 1. p. 180.

A. exaltata .= Muld. Cat.

iSi?<'m 5 — 5 feet Iiiu;!). Leaves larg;?, oblons:, on short f ots^1lks,
sometimes acute, more frequently witli a slight acuminatioii. pale on
the under surface. UmheU solitary at each of the upper joints.
Flower.-i lari^e (sweet scente ', Pursh) ; petals dark purple.

Grows in tlie mountains of < arolina. Kxtends to New-En2;land.
I have a specimen from Pendleton county, which appears to belonj;
to this species, but tlie leaves are pubescent, almost tomentose on the
under surface.

Flowers July — August.

3. QrADRiFoijA. IMuld. Cat.

Leaves by fours, ovate
lanceolate, sli'^btly acu-
minate, membranaceous,
glai)rous ; uml)els termi-
nal and axillary.

A. fuliis quaternis, ova-
to-lanceolatis, pauIo acu-
minatis, mcmbranacci.s,
glabris ; umliellis termi-
nalil)us axilLuibusque. E.

Pursh, 1. p. 188.

Perennial. Stem erect, 2 — ,1 feet hijjh. slender, pubescent towards
the summit, t'lie pubescence in lines. Leavt's commonly by fours, the
upper ones opposite, somewhat glaucous underneath, sprinkled v.itli
hairs along the veins and margins, very tliin and delicate in their
texture. Flowers small. Leaves of the crown much longer than th"'
corpuscle.

From specimens collected by Dr.Macbridcin the mountain vallics
of Carolina.

Flowers June — August.

3S0

rUNTANDRiA DIGINIA.

4. CoNNivENs. Baldwin.

A. foliis oblongo-ovali-
bus, mucroriatis, parce pi-
losis, sessilibus ; coronae
foliolis pmelonj^is, arcua-
tis, conniventibus. B.

Leaves oblong oval,
miicronate, slightly hairy,
sessile ; leaves of the
crown unusually long, in-
curved, connivent at the
summit.

Stem erect, I — 2 feet high, cylindrical, more firm in its appearance
than is usual in this e;enas, terete, j^labrous, when very young pul^s*
cent. Leaves sessile, obtuse at base, oblong, sprinkled witJi hair,
Umbds 1~ 4, fctw flowered? Flowers perhaps larger tlian in any
other of our species. Leaves of the crown twice or three times as
long as the corpuscle, bent like a bow, with their points meeting over
the summit ol the corpuscle ; hovns shorter than the crown.

Grows in damp pine barrens near St. Mary's. B*

Flowers June.

5, Incarnata.

A. caule erecto, ramo-
so, tomentoso ; foliis lan-
ceoluiis, sub-tomentosis ;
urtibeilis plerumque gem-
inis : corniculis cxertis.

Stem erect, branching,
tomentose ; leaves lance-
olate, somewhat tomen-
tose ; umbels generally
by pairs ; horns exserted..

Sp.pl. l.p. 1267'. Mich. l.p. 115 ? Pursh, 1. p. 181.
A. polystachia ^ Walt. p. 107.

Rout perennial. Stem. 4 — 5 feet high, terete, the young branches
Very pubescent. Leaves long, lanceolate, sometimes acuminate, pu-
bescent along the veins and margins. Umbels generally by pairs,
opposite ; peduncles and pedicels pubescent. Corolla bright purple.
Leaves of the crown not longer than the corpuscle. Horns exscrted.

Grows very abundantly in the vallies among the mountains.

Flowers June — August.

6. Tomentosa. E.

A. loliis ovali-lanceo- Leaves oval lanceo-

latis, acutis, tomentosis ; late, acute, tomentose ;

umbellis sessilibus, corni- umbels sessile, with the

culis exeitis. E. horns exserted.

Stem erect, 1 — 2 feet high, when young v^ry tomentose. Leaves
oblong, slightly acuminate, very tomentose on the under surface, less
SO on the upper. In my specimens there is but one terminal sessile

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

3Si

«nil)pl. I.cavfs of tlic stnmiueal crown shorter than the corpuscle,
truncate ; horns lou^cv than the corpuscle.

From tipociiuens collected, I believe, hy Dr. Bahlwin near St. ISfa-
rv's, Gcon;ia.

Fiowerd

7. OnovATA. E.

A. loliis obovalis, oh- | Leaves obovate, ob-
uisis. imuronatis, sul)tiis | tiise, iiuicronatc, tonien>
loinciitosis; uml^cllis sub- | tosc on Ibo nrulcr sur-
gcssililnis, icrniiiialibus j face ; umbels nearly scs-
axillaribusquc. E. | siie,ternunal and axillary.

Stem erect. 2 — 3 ft-ct hi;;;h, terete, tomcwtosc. Troves nearly bcs-
sile. the lower ones obovatt', very obtuse, inucronate, the upper, when
small. lanceolate, the ujiper surface tliiniy sprinkled wit'n nairs, the
lower toinen'.ose. Umbels nearly sessile. Leaves of the crown
twice as long as the corpuscle.

The colour of the flower I cannot determine from my s])ecinieng.
This plant has much resemblance to the A. viridiflora of I'ursh, but
(lifters in the length of its stamineal crown, and in its pubescence,
•which is not so soft as in that species. My specimens have been so
much injured that I c:'.nnot now determine wlather it possesses the
horn-like appendages belonging to this genus. 1 insert it here until
it can be further examined.

5?ent from Louisville, Georgia, by Mr. Jackson.

8. OnrusiFOLiA. Mich.

A. foliis arete sessili-
bu?, cordato-ovatis, obtii-
sis, undulatis, glaberrimi ■,
subtiis glaiiccscentil)us ;
iinibcllis plerumquc soli-
laiiis. E.

Leaves closelv sessile,
cordate ovate, obtuse, un-
dulate, very glabrous,
glaucous underneath ;
umbels commonly soli-
tar v.

Mich. 1. p. 115. rursh, 1. p. 182.
A. purpurascens, Walt. p. 105.

Perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, 2 — .i feet high, purple. Leaves
frequently emarginate. Umbels sometimes 2 — 3; peduncles l')nn[,
naked, with pubescent lines. Corolla large, purple and green, with
the margins nearly white. Leaves of the stamiueol crojru dentate at
the summit, purple, longer than the corpuscle ; horns longer than the
crown : corpuscle u;recn at base, white at the summit. l^olU^les large,
sprinkled with fine down.

Grows in tlry soils.

Flowers Mav — July.

Q 2

S2S

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

9. AsfPLEXicAULis. Mich.

A. fflaberrima ; caule

decumbente ; foliis ses-

Very glabrous ,• stems
decumbent ; leaves ses-
sile, cordate, strongly
veined, glaucous, appres-
sed ; umbels terminal
and axillary.

182.

silibus, cordatis, venosis,
glaucis, appressis ; um-
bellis terminalibus axilla-
ribusque. E.

Mich. 1. p. 115. Pursh, 1. p.
A. humistrata, Walt. p. 105.

Root perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet long, terete, generally decumbent,-
as if too weak to support its thick, succulent leaves. Leaufs large,
veins prominent, purple. Corolla cinereous. Leaves of the crown
truncate, scarcely longer than the corpuscle, white ; horns longer ?
than the crown ; corpuscle purple at base, white at the summit. Fol-
licles smooth.

All of the species of this genus exude, when broken, a milk-like
sap ; this more abundantly than any other.

Grows in the driest and most sandy soils.

Flowers April — July.

Stem simple ; leaves
ovate, villous on the un-
der surface ; umbels e-
rect 5 nectaries resupine ?

10. PURrURASCENS.

A. caule simplici ; fo-
liis ovatis, subtus villosis ;
umbellis erectis ; necta-
riis resupinatis .? Sp. pi.
l.p. 1265.

Pursh, l.p. 181.

Stem 2 feet high. Leaves nearly sessile, oblong, mucronate, slights
ly cordate. Umbel terminal, erect. Corolla bright purple. J^ectary
in my specimens erect.

Grows in shady swamps. Virginia— Carolina. Pursh.

The only specimens I have seen of this species were from Connec-
ticut.

11. Laurifolia. Mich.

A foliis subsessilibus,
ovatis, superne sensim
angustatis, acutissimis,
glabris ; umbellis pedun-
culutis, terminalibus axil-
Jaribusque. E.

Mich. 1. p. 117. Pursh, 1. p.
A. ccfrdata ? Walt. jp. 1C5,

Leaves nearly sessile,
ovate, tapering to the
summit, very acute, gla-
brous ; umbels on long
peduncles, terminal and
axillary.

185.

PENTANDRIA. niGYNiA,

6^3

Pciomilal. Stem 2 fc^t hiijh, t;onerally erect, near the summit pu-
bescent, lower down markfd bv a decuirent hairy line. Leaves ob-
tuse at baMi«, sessile, but never so uuich lieart-s'ia|M.'d as to have merit-
ed Walter's name : tlio n»ari;ins somewhat roun;h and slightly ciliate.
l^mbeU tew near the sunuuit ; comnjon |)eduncle -Z — ;3 inches long^
CorolLt .l or 4 times as lon<; as the calyx, urcen on the outer surface,
within bri:(lit purple. Leaves of the crmcn acute, as Ions as the co-
rolla, twice as long; as the corpuscle, brii^ht pur|)le, approaching; to
nranv:;e ; horn rather shorter ihan the crown. Corpuscle brownisii
green at base, white at the summit.

(mows in the damp pine barrens of the middls country.

Flowers June — Jul v.

IS. PvupERcuLA. Mich.

Leaves linear lanceo-
late, very long, remote,
gkibrous, with th* mar-
i!;ifis pul)cscent ; umbels
lew flowered.

A. folils lineari-lanceo-
latis, prselongis, remotis,
glabris, m.'ri!;inlbus pu-
bescentibus ; umbelfis
paiicitloris. E.

Mich. 1. p. 118. Pursh, 1. p. 182.
A. lanceolata, Walt. p. 103.

Perennial. Stem erect, 3 — 4 feet liigh, glabrous, near the summit
marked by a decurrent hairy line, /.wiivs sessile, very distant, 6— 12
inches long, 4 — 6 lines wide, acute at each end, with the midrib very
prominent, somewhat tleshv, glaucous underneath, the upper part of
the stem naked. Um els 1 — 3, few flowered ; peduncles long. Flow-
rm very similar to those of the preceding species, but with colours
more bright and more strongly tinged with red.

The Asclepias Curassavica, cultivated in our gardens by the name
of Possimum (vulgarised from Apocynum, under which genus all the
Asclcpiadeic and Apocynerr were arranged by the old botanists),
forms an intermediate species between tlte A. laurifolia and A. pau-
percula, having leaves strictly lanceolate, more thin and delicate in
their structure than these plants, and fltiwers more brilliant.

(irows around pine barren ponds, and in ilamp, sandy soils.

Flowers May — July.

13. Parviflora.

A. fohis lanceolatis,
acLuninatis, basi atteniia-
tis, raembranaccis, gla-
bris ; caule suflTriilicoso ;
unil)cllis axillaribus, soli-
tariis. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1267. Pur«h, 1. p.
A. pereiinis, Walt p. 107.
A. debilis, Mich. 1. p. 116.

Leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate, tapering at base,
membranaceous, gla-
brous ; stem somewhat
shrubby ; umbels axilla*
ly, solitary.

180.

PENTANDRIA DI6YNIA,

Root perennial. Stem I — 2 feet high, decumbent and erect, te-
rete, slio-htly pubescent, herbaceous in its texture, but not annual
as in most of the other species. Leaves slightly pubescent, with a
silkj lustre on the upper surface ; petioles 3 — 4 lines long, scarce-
ly more than the attenuated base of the leaves, pubescent. Umbels
4 — 8, generally solitary, axillary and terminal, many flowered ; flow--
ers small. Corolla white, 2 or 3 times as long as the corpuscle.
Leaves of the crown obtuse, very white, scarcely longer than the cor-
puscle ; horns as long as the corolla. Corpuscle purple at base,,
white at the summit.

Grows in rich, wet soils, river swamps ; common along the Ogeechee.-

Flowers May — August.

14. NiVEA.

A. foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis, glabiiusculis ; uni-
bellis ei-ectis, lateralibus,
solitaviis ; caule siiiiplici.
Sp. pi. 1. p 1^66.

Pursh, 1. p. 180.

Grows on tlie banks of rivers in gravelly soils, from Virginia to
Carolina. Pursh.
Flowers July — ^August.

Leaves ovate-Ianceo-
late, nearly glabrous :
umbels erect, lateral, so-
litary ; stem simple.

Leaves linear, revolute,
verticillate and opposite ;
umbels terminal and ax-
illary ; flowers small ;
horns exserted.

15, Verticillata.

A. foliis linearibus, re-
volutis, verticillatis oppo-
sitisque ; umbellis termi-
nalibus axillarihusque ;
floribus parvulis 5 corni-
culis exertis. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1272. Walt. p. lOG. Mich. 1. p. 116. Pursh, 1. p. 183.

Stem erect, 2 — 3 feet high, slender. Leaves linear, sometimes
crowded near the base of the stem, verticillate near the middle, op-
posite towards the summit, and, with the stem, a little hairy. Umbels
terminal and axillary, sometimes verticillate, 2 — 3 or 4 around the
upper joints. Corolla cinereous. Leaves of the croum truncate^
half as long as the corpuscle, white ; honiSr long, exserted ; corpuscle
green at base, white at the summit.

Grows in rich, light soils.

Flowers May— August.

rENTANDIllA DIGYNIjU

3dJ

Leaves long, linear,
o|)|)(>8ilc ; umbels lew,
tcnniiuil, naked ; horns
short.

Ifi. CiNEFlRV. Waif.

A. I'oliis lonujis, liiieari-
hus, oppositis ; innhellis
puiicis, terminalihus, nu-
(11s ; cdt'niculls brevibus.
E.

AValt. p. 105.

Stem erect, slender, 2 — 3 feet hi^h. Leaven linear, 3 — 4 inche)*
lon^, plabrnus, opposite ; the upper part of tlie stem nakc«l, or witli
very minute leaves. Umheln 2- -3. near tlie sinnni:t. Flowers few iu
each u-nbf^l, larje for the ilelicato stnictiire of the j)Iant ; the ijenerai
colo'ir of the llower is citioreoiis, but it derives sitj;:;ular beauty from
t!ie fine tints and shading;, with which nature has enriched its sombre
hue. Le ves of tlie crown truncate, shorter than the corpuscle, with
the hnrns slijihtly projecting.

(irow3 in damp pine barrens, iu the middle country. Scrcveti coun-
fy, (Teor;;ia.

Flowers June — July.

** Leaves alternate.

Leaves scattered, strap
shaped, sli2;htly pubes-
cent ; unil)cl solitary, ter-
minal ; horns included.

** Foliis alter nis, \

i7^ Angustifolia. E.

A. foliis sparsis, lance-
olalo lineal il)us, parce pu-
hcsccntibus ; umbclla so-
Htaria, terminali ; corni-
culis inchnis. E.

A. tuberosa } Walt. p. lOG. -v

Perennial. Stem 8 — 18 inches hi^^h, terete, pubegcent. Leaves
exactly strap shaped, 3—4 indies lon-^, 2 — 3 lines wide, acute at each
end. Flowers in a small, terminal umbel. C'oro//a greenish or ciner
eous. Leaves of t!ie crown nearly orange coloured, longer than the
corpuscle ; horns included.

Grows in wet pine barrens, two miles from Purysburgh, on the road
to Coosawhatchic.

Flowers May — June.

18. Tuberosa.
A. hiisuta : foliis

ob-

longo-

nis. subconfcrtis

anceolatis.

altcr-
caule

Hirsute ; leaves ob-
long lanceolate, alter-
nate, somewhat crowd-

326

PENTANDRIA DIGINIA.

fruticoso, ramoso ; urn-
bellis coiymbosis. E.

I ed ; stem frutescent,
I branching ; umbels co-
i rymbose.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1273. Mich, 1. p. 117. Pursh, 1. p. 183.
A. decumbens, Walt. p. 106. %

^oot iuberous, perennial. Stem erect, and decumbent, hirsute,
perennial, branching near the summit, with the branches expanding.
Leaves sometimes much crowded, sessile, or with petioles, obtuse at
base, sli2;htly undulate and revolute. Umheh erect, and from the
the curvature of the expand! n,^- branches frequently forming a large
corymb. Corolla ai-.d croxvn bViirht orange colourecl ; corpuscle tinged
with green ; leaves of the crown twice as long as the corpuscle.

I possess a variety of this plant coUected by the late Robert Por-
teous, Esq. of Beaufort, in which the leaves are uniformly opposite j
in all ot'ier respects it agrees minutely with the common species.

Grows in dry, sandy soils.

Flowers May — September. Pleurisy root. ButterJIy weed.

Notwithstanding the celebrity of the root of this plant as a remedy
for pleurisies, it can only be considered as an auxiliary. A decoction,
taken warm, promotes perspiration and ^.cts very slightly on the
bowels and urinary discharge.

PODOSTIGMA. E.

Corpusculmn pedicel-
latum. Masscc pollinis
10, Isevcs, peiidulffi. Co-
rona staminea 5-phylIa ;
foliolis compressis. Co-
rolla eampanulata. FoU
liculi Iseves.

1. PUBESCENS.

P. caule erecto ; foliis
linearibus ; umbellis ter-
minalibus axillaribusque ;
corpusculo pedicellato.
E.

Asclepias pedicellata, Walt. p. 106. Pursh, 1. p. 182.

Perennial. Stem erect, 12 — 18 inches high, terete, pubescent.
Leaves 1 — 2 inches long, 2 lines wide, acute at each end. Umbels
on short peduncles, few flowered. Flowers rather large. Corolla
oblong, erect, yellowish green. Leaves of the crown about one third

Corpuscle on a pedicel.
Pollenmasses 10, smooth,
pendulous. Stamineal
croxvn 5 leaved ; the
leaves compressed. Co-
rolla campanulate. FoU
tides smooth.

Stem erect ; leaves li-
near ; umbels terminal
and axillary ; corpuscle
on a pedicel.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNlA*

887

A9 lonji; as the corolla, sotucwhat e\j)amUM! hctwocn the sejjments of
the corolla, compressed, and h(»ude<l r attached at base and ascending
the pedicel ; rorpuscle Hn-j;ular, supported by a pedicel nearly as
Ions a«( the corolla. U rm» 2.

Un dissectinp: this plant, 1 first noticed a fihre or chor.l extendinjj;
throiij^h the centre of tlic corpuscular pedicel and coininunicatiiii;
from the anthers to the <:erm. Dr. Macbriilc has since seen it iu
some species ol'the Asrlepias.

This o;cnus is closely allied to the Calotropi«i. Brown.

Found by me, many years at;o, in dry j)irie barrens in F>flin2;htm
county, Georgia: near St. Mary's, by Dr. Baldwin j eight miles froiu
Charleston, by Mr. Fraser.

Fl< vvers May.

Stem erect ; leaves ob-
long, ol)tuse, pctiokite ;
uinl)els generally termi-
nal.

2. ViKlDIS. '

P ^ caiile erecto ; foliis
oblongis, ohtiisis, petiola-
tis ; uinbcllis subtermi-
nalibus. Wall.

Asclepias viridis, Walt. p. 107.

Leaves smooth. Umbels few. Petals larj^e, erect, green. Leaves
«f the croiTM entire, expanding, short, purple ; corpuscle dark brown
at base, white at tiie i^ummit. ^^'alt.

I am only acquainted with this plant by the description of Walter.
It probably belongs to this genu*. I was informed by the late K.
Squibb, that it was found by him on the plantation of Mr. Lowndeii,
at Ashepoo, and seat to Walter.

Flowers May—

GONOLOBUS. Mich.

MassfV jwUlnis lO.lacves.
transversa;. Corolla ro-
tata. Corona sfamincn
erecta, corpusciiluin ciii-
gens, 5-loba ; lobis 3-den.
tatis.

Pollen masses 10, smooth,
transverse. Corolla ro-
tate. Stnmmeal crown
erect, surrounding the
corpuscle, 5 lobed ; the
lobes 3 toothed.

1. MACROPnYLLUs. Mich.

G. fohis lato-cordatis,
ginu clauso, abrupte acu-

Lcavos broad, cordate,
with the sinus closed, ab-

328 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA,

ruptly acuminate ; folli*
cles muiicate ; lobes of
the ci*own divided.

minatis; folliculis miiri-
catis ; lobis coronse divi-
sis. E.

Mich. 1. p. 119 ? Pursh, 1. p. 176 ?
Vincetoxicum acanthocarpos, Walt. p. 104.

Stem twining, climbing over small shrubs. Leaves large, opposite,
with tlie whole plant pubescent. Flowers in axillary umbels. Co^
rolla 5 parted, of an obscure yellow colour ; lobes oblonj^, obtuse,
Croivn rather longer than the corpuscle ; the 2 lateral teeth of each
lobe small, linear, the intermediate larger. Stigrnn depressed, sq
that the pollen mas-es extend horizontally.

Small as this genus is, I have arranged the species with much hesi-
tation, and made the references with uncertainty. I have found, (my
observations however have been desultory), this species, distinguished
by its large and rounded leaves, always bearing hispid fruit •. and on
a label accompanying a specimen of this plant from Dr. Baldwin, ho
has written " fruit liispid." Yet Michaux describes his G. macro-
phyllus as having follicles " costato-anjiulatis ;" and Walter ascribes
to his V. gonocarpos the leaves that apparei>tly belong to this species.
Perhaps some intermediate species arc yet to be made known.

Grows in light soils.

Flowers June — August.

The root of this species, and probably of the others, acts on thp
bowels in a manner similar to colocynth.

2. Carolinensis ?

G. foliis oblongo-cor- Leaves oblong coixlatOi
datis, subauriculatis, sinu slightly auriculate, with
aperto, acuminatis ; fol- the sinus open, acumi-
liculis costato angulatis ; nate ; follicles ribbed and
lobis coronse coalitis. E. angled ; lobes of the

crown united.

G. hirsutus, Mich. 1. p. 119. Pursh, 1. p. 179.
Cynanchum Carolinense ? Sp. pi. I. p. 1256.
Vincetoxicum gonocarpos, Walt. p. 104.

Stem twining, with the whole plant pubescent. Leaves oblong,
slightly acuminate, * Umbels axillary. Corolla dark purple, the seg-
ments long, elliptic, obtuse. Crown rather longer than the corpus-
cle, so united as only to exhibit a margin where 2 minute teeth al-
ternate with a larger one.

Grows among shrubbery ; sometimes found in close, clayey soils.

Flowers May — August.

3. Obliquus.

G. caule twining, hirto ; Stem twining, hirsute ;
foliis ovato-cordatis, acu- leaves ovate cordate, a-

vnNTANnniA dicyma.

8Sd

lis ; coryi"n])is axillarihus ;
latiniiK coiollaj ovatis, a-
cuniiiiatis.

cute ; conmbs axillaiy ;
segments of the corolla
ovate, acuminate.

C'yiianclium obl'njuuin, Pp. pi. l.p. V25Cu

Growg in Car»»Iiua. WiM. This, if rc.illy a native of this country^
lias not recently been seen.

4. PUOSTRATUS?

G. caiilr prostratojirr-
bacco ; fnliis icniformi-
cordatis, acutis, suhtus lo-
mcntosis.

Cynancliuni prostratuin, Sp. p

Stem prostrate, bcrba-
crous ; leaves rcnifonni
coi (late, acute, toiiicntose
underneatli.

l.p. 1257.

Stem (lividinij near the base into many divaricate branches, 6—12
inches long, liairy- Lower leaves often leniforni ; the upper cordate,
y;enerally acute ; all slijjlttly hairy on both sides, and ciliate. Umbels
axillary, 5 flowererl. t'lfiivers i-inall, purplish- I't'tab ovate, obtuse.
Fnllic'les oval, smooth. l^iUlwin.

Tiiis plant wan first found, without flower or fruit, by Mr. Lyon, on
the sand bills near Fort Barrinjiton on tb-j .Matamalia. It bas since
been seen iu a mature state, and carefully dc!»cribcd by Dr. Baldwin,

CHENOPODIUM. Gen. pl. 435.

Cah{T j-pl»>llus, ii-go-
nus. Corolla 0. Semen
1, lenticularc, supcrum.

1. MriiALi:.

C. foliis ovatis, inse-
qualiter derUatis, acutis,
nitidi^s ; raccmis corym-
])0?is, midis ; caulc ra-
moso, patulo. 8p. pl. i.
p. 1301.

Pursh, \. p. 198.

Stem 1'2 — 18 inches hi^h, bi-anchin^. decumbent. \.puve$ ovafo
lanceolate, on Ions; petioles. Fln^jers in leafy, axillary panicles ?
cxjinposed of spikes on wliicli the flowers aie densely clustered.

Found among lubbisli alonij the river side, Bcauior^

Flowers Au-^u^t — September.

VLft

Cafffx 5 leaved, 5 mu
gleil. Corollu (). Seed 1,
lenticular, superior.

Leaves ovate, unequal
ly toothed, acute, sliif lint^ ,
racemes corymbose, inu
ked ; stem l)rancliing, ex-
panded.

^SQ

PENTANDBIA DIGYNIA.

Leaves rhomboid ovatef,
erose, entire at base, the
upper oblong, entire ;
seeds smooth.

S. Album.

C. foliis rhomboid eo-
ovatis, erosis, postice- in-
tegris, superioribus ob-
longis, integerrimis ; se-
minibus Isevibus. Smith
Fl. Brit. 1. p. 273.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 1302. Walt. p. 111. Pursh, 1. p. 198.

Annual. Stem 3 — 6 feet high, branching. The leaves^ when the
plant lias nearly attained its growth, white as if covered with a thin
pellicle. Panicle axillary, composed of a few spikes.

The C. viride,now considered as a variety of this species, is conspi*-
cuous when young by a more vigorous foliage and a bright green
colour ; when old I have found myself unable to distinguish them by
any character.

Grorvvs in gardens and around buildings.

Flowers July — September, Lambs quarter^

Leaves oblong, sinuate ;
racemes naked, many
parted.

3. BOTRYS.

C. foUis oblongis, slnu-
atis ; racemis nudis, mul-
titidis. Sp. pi. i.p. 1304.

Pursh, l.p. 198.

Annual. Stem much branched. Leaves deeply sinuate, with the
segments toothed. The extremities of the branches crowded with
flowers. The flavour of the whole plant is strong but not unpleasant.;

Grows about Columbia.

Flowers July — August.

Leaves lanceolate,
toothed ; racemes sim-
ple, leafy.

4?. Ambrosioides.
C. foliis lanceolatis,
dentatis ; racemis folia-
tis, simpUcibus. Sp. pi.
1. p. 1304.

Pursh, 1. p. 198.

The leaves in this species are delicate in their texture, toothed, not
sinuate, and the branches have not the naked appearance of thosQ of
the C. botrys.

Grows in sandy fields, Georgia. Pursh.' Very frequent-.

nwvevs July,

PENTANDRIA DIGYNlA,

sai

5. ANTnEI.MINTIClTM.

C. Ibliis ol)loii2;o-Iancc-
olatis, siiiuato-deiitatis, ru-
gosis ; raccniis apliyllis ;
stylo 1, trilido. E.

Leaves o])long lanceo-
late, sinuate and dentate,
rnp;ose ; racemes naked j
style 1, 3 cleft.

Sp. pi. l.p. 1304. Walt. p. 111. Mich. 1. p. irs. I'ur9ii,l.p.

Jinnt pereniiial. Stem herbaceous, erect, furrowed, branching,
4 — G feet hifrh. I^nves alt^eruato, nearly sessile, ;;!abrous, strongly
veined, sprinkled on the under surface with glandular atoms Fluio
rfTS in axiiiarv, leafless spikes, which toward the summit of the brandies
become densely crowded. Calyx 1 leaved, 5 parted, persistent, gla-
brous: the segments concave, aciite. /*'i/a?n^M/s longer than tlie ca;-
lyx, transparent. .inthcrs incumbent, recurved, yellow. Germ
BiTperior, liirbiDatc, truncate. Style 3 cleft, as long as the stamens,
Sti;::inas simple, acute.

This is probablv our only indigenous species. The otiiers have all
been introduced. Specimens of this plant which I have received from
tlie Eastern States difter from ours by leaves less rugose, dentate not
sinuate, and flowers in detached clusters (glomerules), not in pani-
culate spikes as with us.

Grows in loose soils. Common in pastures.

Flowers June — August. JenisaUm Onlc.

The expressed juice of the leaves was formerly much used in family-
practice as a preventive of Morms in children. An ounce or two waJ
given on an empty stomach once or twice a week. The health of puny
children is sometimes improved by it. The essential oil of the seed
has been much extolled as a vermifuge.

SALSOLA. Gen. tl.

CaJijx 5-phyllas. Co.
rolla 0. Cupsufa i-?pc.r-
ma. ISemen cochlcatiiin.

1. CaroUniana.

S. herbacea, deciini-
bens, glabra ; ioliis dila-
tato-subulatis, spinesccn-
tihus ; calycibus fVuc-
tifcris explanato-ahitis.
Persoon ex Midi.

Walt. p. 111. Mich. 1. p. I

Annual } Stem cioct, much br;
Summit of the stem and bianolicd

I Caljfx ij leaved. Co-
j rolla 0. Capsule 1 seed-
j ed. Seed spiral.

Herbaceous, decum-
bent, glabrous ; leaves
dilated subulate, spiny <
calyx when in fruit llat-
tened, winged.

74.

inched, striate, very tjlabrnus, at tlu'"
slightly an;^led ; t!:c lov cr branches

§3^ PENTANDRIA DIGYl^A.

rest on the ground and give it the appearance of a procumbent plant.-
Leaves alternate, tleshy, terete, compressed and dilated at base, em-
bracing the stem, very acute and rigid, half a.n inch long. Flowers
generally solitary, axillary, sessile, with two leaves at the base of
each. Leaves of the calyx wide at base, slightly acuminate at the
incurved summit, rose coloured, persistent. Ft aments longer than
the calyx. Anthers incumbent, purple. Germ superior, depressed.
Styles 2, as long as the stamens. Stigmas acute. Capsule ovate, de-
pressed, glabrous. Seed spiral.

Grows on the drifting sands along the margins of the ocean, and
is probably only a variety of S. kali. .

Flowers through the whole summer.

Herbaceous, erect f
leaves linear, acute, suc-
culent, glal)rous ; flowers
by threes, axillary, spik-
ed ; styles 2, simple.

2. Linearis. E.

S ? herhacea, erecta ;
foliis linearibus, acutis,
carnosis, glabris ; floribus
ternis, axillaribus, spica-
tis ; stylis 2, simplicibus.
E.

S. salsa .» Mich. 1. p 174. Pursh, 1. p. 197.
Chenopodium maritimum, Walt. p. 111.

Root annual. Stem nearly erect, terete, furrowed, very glabrous^
much branched. Leaves alternate, sessile, nearly 2 inches long-
Flowers sessile, in 3 flowered fascicles, axillary, crowded. Leaves
<if the calyx obtuse, concave, angled on the back, fleshy. Filaments
longer than the calyx. Jinthei^s incumbent, yellow. Germ ovate.
Style 0. •'•itigmaf- 2. simple, nearly acute. Seed covered with a thin,
black, glossy pellicle (capsule), and clothed by the permanent calyx,
lenticular, and obscurely spiral.

Thrs appeals to be an intermediate species between the S. salsa and
spicata. From the former it differs by its calyx and styles, from th«
latter by its leaves.

The Salsola Carol iniana is thinly scattered along our sea coast but
grows readily from the seed, aud could easily be multiplied. This
«pecies now grows in some situations on our sea i>lands so abundant-
ly, that if the humidity of our climate opposes no difliculty to the pro-
cess, it might be profitably employed in the manufacture of Barilla.

Grows along the margin of the ocean. Generally found above the
reach of common spring tides, but in situations occasionally inundat-
ed.

Flowers September— October.

^KNTANnUlA DIGYNIA.

8»»

ULMUS. Gen. pl.

CalifX 5 cleft. Corolla
0. ISa/nara compressed,
incinl)ranaccous. (Sta^
mens 4 — B.)

Branches smooth, re.
curved; serratiires of the
leaves hooked, acumin-
ate ; llowers pedicellate ;
fruit limbriate.

Pursh, l.p. 199.
attains a very ^reat size. In the

Caljfx 5 tulas. CoroL
la 0. Sfitnara com|)rcs.
so-mrmhranacea. (Sta^
mina 4 — 8.)

1. Aaif.uicana.

U. ramis Irevihus, ro-
curvis ; folio rum scnatu-
ris uncinaio-acuminatiij ;
florilnis pedicellatis ;
fructibus iimbriatis.
Mich. J. p. 173.

Mich. Arbies forest. 3. p, 2G9.
Sp. pl. 1. p. 1325. Walt. p. 111.

A tree uhich in favorable soils
low country of Georgia and Carolina, winch is nearly it^ southern
limit.it rarely exceeds 40 or 50 feet in hei2;ht, and 1 or 2 in diameter.
Its branches, when younj: and vij^ornus, are jiracefully recurved like
the feather of the ostrich, and distinguish the tree even at a distance.
Lfflrcs alternate, lanceolate, oblique, doubly serrate, acuminate, un-
equal at base. Flowers in small fascicles, 5 — 10, generally appearing
before the leaves. Stamens varyin>i; from 4 — 8. Germ superior.
Stifles -2, short, reflected. Fruit a " dry berry," Linn, surrounded
bv alcir:;e membranous wing, and containing one seed. Gsertner calls
this fruit a Samara.

Micliaux the younger, in his splendid work on the Forest Trees of
Nortli America, considers this tree, when in favorable situations, as the
most magnificent in the temperate climes of the two continents, la
the plains ot Genessee, and the vallies of the Ohio, it sometimes at-
tains the height of 100 feet, with a diameter of 4 — 5, aiwl is more re-
markable for its grace and beauty tlian its si/.e. Its wood, however,
he considers inferior to tlie EIu> of Europe (I*, campestris), and re-
commends the introduction into this country of the curled variety of
the European Elm.

Grows in ricli, close soils and along the margins of swamps.

Flowers February — March. Elm.

2. Vv\.\\.

U. foliis ovali-obloni;is,
lon2;issimc acuminatis, u-
truiquc pubescentibus ;

Loaves oval o])lonf]^,
with a ycvy lonq; acumi-
luUion, pubescent on both

834

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

gemmis lana densa, fulva,
tomcntosis ; floribus ses-
silibus. Pers. ex Mich.

sides ; buds tomentose,
with a thick, tawny woolf
flowers sessile.

Mich. 1. p. 172. Pursh, 1. p. 200.

U. rubra, Mich, Arb. For. 3. p. 278.

V. campestris ? Walt. p. 111.

A tree generally of smaller size than the preceding. Leaves much
larger, oval, doubly serrate, equal at base, and sometimes sliglitly
cordate, very rough. Flowers nearly sessile, f Stamens 5 — 7.) Stig-
mas purple. Samara pubescent. Mich.

Grows around Columbia, in fertile spots ; rarely seen in the low
country. The flowers, as in the other species of Ulmus, expand be-
fore the leaves.

Flowers February — March. Slippery Elm.

3. AliATA.

U. ramis utrinque ala-
to-suberosis ; foliis ob»
longo-ovalibus, sensim a-
cuiis, basi subsequalibus ;
fructu puhescente, ciliato.
Pers. ex Mich.

Branches on each side
winged with a cork-hke
bark ; leaves oblong oval,
acute, nearly equal at
base ; fruit pubescent, ci-
liate.

Mich. 1. p. 173. Pursh. l.p. 200.
Mich. Arb. For. 3. p. 275.
U. pumila, Walt. p. 111.

A small tree, rarely exceeding 30 feet in height ; remarkable for the
corky excrescence which grows along the branches, on two opposite
sides. Leaves nearly sessile, oblong lanceolate, acute, not .acumi-
liate. doubly serrate, equal at base. Samara pubescent and ciliate.

Grows, like the U. Americana, in close, fertile soils.

Flowers February — March. TfTiahoo.

In our low country, however, the name whahoo is even now indis*-
criminately applied to every species of Elm.

PLANERA. Gmel.

Calyx campanulatus,
3 — 5 fidus. Corolla 0.
Stigmata 2. J^ux l sper-
ma, scabrata.

1. Gmelini. Mich.

Calyx campanulate,
3 — 5 cleft. Corolla 0.
Stigmas 2. J^ut 1 seed-
ed, roughened.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 9C7. Mich. 2, p. 248. Pursh, 1. p. 115.

Anon, aquatica, Walt. p. 230.

V. ulmifolia, Mich. Arb. Forest. 3. p. 283.

PENTANDRIA DICYNTA.

335

A free, fjtnerally about r»0 or 40 feet liij;h, resemMinpj very mucli
the Elm in its fuliaj^e. Leaves ovate, acute, or slif;l»tly acuminate,
serrate, glabrous equal at base. Flntrers axillary, generally by
threes. Segments of the cabjx and stamens (3—5) variable in num-
ber. Germ superior, ovate. Slif;vias '2. recurved, leathered. JVuf
{•liirhtly koele<l, roughened as if irregularly covered with scales.

Grow3 iii the river swamps in Carolina and Georgia; very com-
mon on the Santec.

Flowers very regularly in the last week in February.

CELTIS. Gen. pl. 15U1.

Drupa l-sperma. Ca-
lyx 5 — 6 partitus. Sta-
mina 5 — 6. Stf/ll 2, pa-
tcntes.

1. OCCIDENTALIS.

C. foliis ovatis, acumi
natis, pequaliter serratis,
basi injiHiualibus, supra
scabris, subtus birtis ; fVuc-
tii solitario. Pursb, l.p.
;eoo.
)i

u.

p. 250

'.'25.

Drupe 1 seeded. Ca-^
hjx 5 — 6 parted. Sta-
??ie?is 5 — 6. Styles 2, ex-
panding.

Leaves ovale, acumi-
nate, equally serrate, un-
equal at base, scabrous on
tbc upper surface, hairy
on the under ,• fruit soli-
tary.

Mich. 2. p. 249.

4. p. 994. Walt.
Arb. Forest. 3. p. :

A large tree, sometimes attaining a height of 60 — 80 feet, with %
diameter tjf 3 — 4. It was formerly much cultivated on the sea islands
as an ornamental tree, but it has been latterly neglected, /''lowers and
fruit very small Drupe nearly globular, purple. The thin pulp that
envelopes the nut is very sweet, and has ac(juired for the tree, ia
many places, the popular name of Sii^ar berry Tree.

Grows in rich, light soils, ou tlie sea islands; generally along th©
marjjin of the salt water.

Flowers April — May.

HYDROLEA.

Calyx 5-partitus. Corol-
la subcamj)anulata. Fila-
menta basi dilatata. Cap-
sula 2 locularis, 3 valvi?.

Calyx 5 parted. Corolla
campanulate. Filaments
dilated at base. Capsule
a celled, 2 valvcd.

S3 8 pBNTANDniA UIGYNIA.

1, Quad Riv ALMS. Walt.

Spiny, hairy ; leaves
wed^e shaped at base,
lanceolate, long; flowers
nearly sessile, axillary.

H. spinosa, hu'suta ;
foliis cuneato-lanceolatis,
longis ; floribus subses-
silibus, axillaribus. Pers.
ex Mich.

Walt. p. no. Pursh, 1. p. 18/
H. Caroliuiana, Mich. l.p. 177.

Root creeping, perennial. Stem 1 — Q. feet hit>;h, decmnbeirt and as«r
surgent, sometimes branched, hairy, sliglitly furrowed and geniculate.
Leaves alternate, acute, entire, hairy along the veins, shining, taper-
ing at base. Flowers 2 — 6, in axillary clusters, with a spine at each
axil. Fednncles 1 — 2 lines lona;, hairy. (Uibjx 1 leavtd, 5 parted,
hairy ; segments subulate, equal. Corolla 1 petalled, nearly cam-
panulate, pubescent, azure, border 5 j)artcd ; segments acute. Fila-
hiients inserted into the tube of tlie corolla, dilated at base, not strictr
ly cordate, shorter than the corolla, azure. Jinthers incumbent, 2
celled. Germ superior, ovate, glabrous. Styles as long as tlie sta--
mens, azure. ,S/i^wflS obtuse, glandular. Cfl/ww/f globose, glabrous,
somewhat mucronate, 2 celled, 4 valved ? Seeds numerous, smalli
eval, attached to a large centra! receptacle.

Grows in wet, boggy ground, around ponds.

Flowers July — September.

2. Corymb OS A. Macbride.

H. inermis, subglabia ;
foliis lanceolatis ; calyci-
bus hispidis ; floribus ter-
minalibiis. E.

Without spines, nearly
glabrous ; leaves lanceo.
late ; calyx bispid ; How-
crs terminal.

Creeping, perennial. Stem 2 feet high, assurgent or erect, smooth
near the base, among the branches a little hairy. Leaves alternate,
•essile. somewhat ovate lanceolate, the veins and margins finely pu-
bescent, the old leaves glabrous, smaller than in the preceding spe-
cies. F owers on the summit of each small branch, solitary, forming
small terminal corymbs Calyx deeply 5 parted (perhaps 5 leaved) ;
segments lanceolate, acute, hairy, almost hispid. Corolla 3 times as
long as the calyx, nearly campanulate; segments of the border ovate,
azure, with yellowish veins, and 5 wiiite spots near the base. Fila-
ments nearly as long as the corolla, suddenly dilated at base. Styles
longer than the stamens. Stigmas small, capitate. Capsule globose,
glabrous, 2 valved.

The corolla in this species is much larger than in the preceding;
and the plant, from its mode of flowering and the bright colours oi"
its corolla, very ornamental.

Found by Dr. Macbride in the pine barren ponds in St. Stephens.

Flowers through the summer.

PENTANURIA DIGVNlAi

S0

HELCHEHA.

Prtah ij. Capsule It
l)c:iked, 2 celled.

Viscid and piihescent;
scapes naked, thyrsus e-
loii!i;ated ; radical leaves
on lon^ petioles, witk.
rounded lobes.

Pt'tala ."). Capsufa 2-
lX)stti«, ;3-lociilaris.

I. AmI'-RK ANA.

H. viscoso-i)ul)csccns ;
scapis subnudis, tliyrso
cloniijato ; foliis radicali-
I)us longe pcliolalis, ro-
tundito-lobatis. Pers. 1.
p. 290.

Sp. pi. 1. p. Walt. p. Ill,

II. cortusa, Mich. 1. p. 171.
H. viscida, Fursh, 1. p. IST.

Perennial. Stem 0. Leaven all radical, cordatr, 5 — 7 lobed, tlite
lobes rounded and di'iitatc : the b'eth iiuicronate, the margin of the
leaves finely fringed .: leaves 2 — .> inches in cither direction. Feti-
oles 4 — G inches long, ficape naked, 2 — 3 feci high, terete. Flow-
ers in a long terminal panicle or thyrsus. Cah/.v 5 parted. Petals
small, inserted into the tube of the calyx. Filaments much longer
than the calyx, into whicli they are inserted. ^"inthers 2 celled-
Uerm superior, 2 parted, at the summit tapering into 2 long styles.
Capsule in 2 long beaks. Seeds numerous, small.

Grows in close, rich soils ; gQiicrally uear water courses; Coluill''
bia county, Ueorgia.

Flowers April — May.

2. HisrioA. Piirsh.

H. foliis acute-lof)alis
dcntatisque, supra hispi-
do-pilosis ; pedunculis
panicula? paucifloris; pc-
talis spatbulatis, lonojitu-
dine calycis. Pursli, i.

Leaves acutely lobed
and toothed, hispid oa
the upper surface ; ped-
uncles of the panicle few
flowered ; jHitals spatliu-
late, as long as the calyx.

p. 188.

Fetioles and under surface of tlie leaves [glabrous; teeth of the
leaves very short, slightly rctuse, murronate. Colifx short, acute*
Sfamen^ exserted. Pursh.

Grows on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina. Pnrsk,

Flowers Mav — June.

8 2

338

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

3. Caulescens. Pursh.

H. basi sufFriiticosa ;
fnliis acute-lobatis, denta-
tis, cilialis, supra glabris ;
petalis linearibus, calyce
duplolongioribiis. Piush,
1. p. 1«8.

Shrubby at base ; leaves
acutely lobed, dentate,
ciliate, glabrous on the
upper surface ; petals li-
near, twice as long as the
calyx.

Scape, at base, and the petioles hairj. Leaves hairy along the
nerves of the under surface : teetli acute, mucronate. Calyx short,
viliose. Petals white. Pursh.

Found on the hij^h mountains of Carolina, by Mr. Lyon.

Flowers May — June.

DICHONDRA. Gen. pl. 45 1 .

Califx 5 parfed. Co-
rolla canipanulate, 5 part-
ed. Capsules 2, one seed-
ed.

Pubescent ; leaves round
reniforni, green on l)oth
sides ; calyx villous a-
long the margins.

Calyx 5-partitus. Co-
rolla campanulata, .^-par-
tita. Capsuled &, mono-
gpermse.

1. Garolinensis.

D. pubescens ; foliis ro-
tundato-reniformibus, u-
trinque viridibus ; caly-
cibus villoso-ciliatis.

Mich. 1. p. 136. Pursh, 1. p. 187.
Anon, repens, ^^'alt. p. 110.

Perennial. Stem prostrate, creeping, pubescent, terete. Leaves
alternate, entre, or slightly emarginutc, a little I airy on both sur-
faces. JPeiio^es nearly an inch long. i^Youvrs axillaiy, solitary Ca-
lifjd persistent ; segments obuvate, obtuse, hairy. Corolla as long as
the calyx, wliite ; segments oval, obtuse. Filaments shorter than the
corolla, inserted into its tube. Anthers 2 celled, incumbent, purple.
Germ superior, nearly round, compressed, emarginate, very villous.
Styles 2, setaceous, as long as the stamens. Stigmas globose. Cap-
^ule 2 celled, 2 valved. Seed 1 in each cell.

Grows in most soils not inundated.

Flowers March — May. _

PENTANDUIA DK.YNIA.

88#

GENTIANA. Ohn. tl. 150.

CovoUd 1- petal a. Cap-
suhi 2-valvis, i-Ioculaiis ;
rc('(^|)taculi.s 2, longiludi-
iialii)us.

1. Saponvuia.

G. folils ovato-laiicco-
Jatis, aciitis, glal)iis ; ca-
lycis laciniis ovatis lulxj
l)icvi()ii!)us ; con)llie lim-
bo connivc'iitc, plici-^ in-
tcniis iiuequaliter l)ili lis,
extcrioresicquaiitibus. K.

Corolla t potallcd. Cap-
sule i valvcd. 1 colled ;
with 2 longitudinal recep.
taclcs.

TiCavcs ovate lanceo-
late, acute, glaI)rous ; seg-
ments of the calyx ovate,
slioitcr tluui the tuho ;
corolla witli the border
connivent, the interior
segments unequally 3
cleft, as Ionic as tiie exte-

rior.

Sp. pi. 1. IX 1338. Piusli, 1. p. 185.

Pcrpiinial. fitpm sim lo, I — '2 feet hi2;li< ;in.l with the leaves nearly
glabrous Floicers axillary and terminal, sensile, clustered. '"^eK-
uieiits of the calyx verj short, sometimes oblong, but acute. Corolla
ventricosc, blue.

Grovvd alon;; water courses in the upper districts and mouutaiiis of
Carolina and Georj^ia.

Flowers October.

2. Catesbxi. Walt.

G. aspera ; foliis an-
gusto-lanceolatis ; calyeis
laciniis lincai'i-lanceolatis.
tuho (luplo loni^i'Mihus ;
corolla? iiml)o erecto, pli-
cis intcrnis i)revibus, bili-
dis, liuil)natis. E.

Walt. p. 109.

Stem erect, simple, verv rnujh, sli;;h<ly j)ubescent. Lfai'pf; sen*
brous. FlowpTH 1—3, sometimes more, in eacli axil. Sfj^ments cf
the caltf.v 2 or 3 times as loni; as the tube. Honlor of the corolla erect,
or sometimes expanding. Filaments half the length of the corolla;

Rough ; leaves narrow
lanceolate ; segmeiits of
the calyx linear lanceo-
late, twice as long as the
tube ; corolla with the bor-
der erect, the inteiior
segments short, -2 cleft,
lim!)riatc.

340 IPENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

inserted into its tube. Anthers erect, sagittate. GertJi superi&!>
salvias 2, short, reflected. -Seed compressed, slightly winged.

Grows in ditches, and along the margins of rivulets. Common ii>
the low country of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers October.

3. OCHROLETJCA.

G. glaberrima ; foliis
lanceolatis obovatisque ;
calycis laciniis foliaceis,
coroUam fere jequanti-
biis ; corollse limbo sub-
conniv elite, plicis interio-
j'ibus brevibiis, obliquis,
subdentatis. E.

Very glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate and obovate ;
segments of the calyx
leaf like, nearly as long
as the corolla ; corolla
with the border slightly
connivent, the interior
segments short, oblique )
irregularly toothed.

'Sp. pi. 1. p. 358. Pur^h, 1. p. 185 ?
G. saponaria, Walt. p. 109.

Perennial. Stem herbaceous, simple, nearly terete, glabrous, one
foot high. Leaves lanceolate, very entire, nearly coriaceous, very
smooth, with the margins roughened ; lower leaves sometrmes, per-
haps from accident, obovate obtube. Flowers opposite, sometimes
■crowded as if verticillate, on peduncles not one line long. Segments
6f the calyx linear lanceolate. Corolla nearly white, streaked with
^een and purple. Seeds numerous, ovate.

'This plant is scarcely the G. ochroleuca of Pursh. Michaux ap-
pears to have mingled this and the two preceding species under his
G. saponaria. To Dr. Macbride I have been much indebted for aid
iji removing the obscurity which hung over these species.

Grows in dry soils ; not very common.
Flowers September — October. Sampson''s snake root.

Gentiana ochroleuca and Catesbei These plants are indiscrimi-
nately called *'' Sampson^s Snake-root^ They are both of them ex-
cellent bitter tonics, but the G. Catesbei seems to be more particular-
ly entitled to notice. The other is apt to nauseate. In the form of
decoction, the G. Catesbei is used with decided advantage in cases of
pneumonia where the fever is nervous. It acts as a tonic and sudo-
rific. In tincture it is deservedly esteemed as a remedy for dyspepsia.
For this purpose the saturated spirituous tincture is given, in doses of
i or i of an ounce, half an hour before dinner. The quantity is grad-
ually increased. The immediate effect is a general and pleasurable
glovr of the skin, and increase of appetite. It prevents the acidifica-
tion of the food, and enables the stomach to bear and digest articles
of diet which before produced oppression and dejection of spirits!
The rgot is the only part ^ged;'•

PENTANDHIA DItiYNlA.

nn

Stem simple, slender,
1 flowered; leaves linear,
wedge sliaped ; corolla
funnel shaped, with the
alternate segments lacc-

4. ANCrSTIFOLrA.

0. caiilc simplici, •ura-
cil), unitloro ; Ibliis cunc-
ato-hneaiil)U5 ; corolla
iidiindibuliformi, laciniis
alternis laceris. K.

latc.

Mich. I. p. 177. Pursh, 1. p. 18C..
G. purpurea, Walt. p. 109.

Perennial. Stem \'Z — 18 inclics hiu;h, glabrous. Leaver I — 2 inches
lonu;, the upper pairs remote, very narrow ; tlie lower cuneate : all
plabrou<<, and, as in the other species, connate. Flower terminal.
Corolla larj;e ; the large se2;mcnts (tvate, mucronate, expanding, tho
intermediate ones much shorter, lacerate, bright a/.ure, tinned with
purple.

The flower of this plant possesses singular beauty; it in scarcely
possible to conceive a colour more bright and clear than it commonly
exhibits.

Grows in wet pine barrens.

Flowers October — November.

5. Crinita.

G. corollis quadritidis, | Corolla 4 cleft, seg-

laciniis liml)riatis ; foliis | menls liml)nate ; leaves

lanceolatis, acutis ; caule | lanceolate, acute ; stem

erecto, tereti. Sp. pi. i. | erect, terete.
p. 1352. I

Pursh, 1. p. 185.

Stem I — 2 feet high, glabrous, terete below, 4 angled towards tlie
summit. Leaves sessile, with the margins and midrib scabrous.
Flowers solitary, axillary and terminal, on peduncles I — 2 inclies
long. Corolla pale blue, with the margins fringed.

Grows in vallies among the mountains.

Ftowers October — November.

0. Qlinqueflor A,
G. corollis quinquefi-
dis, tubuloso-camparuila-
tis, terniinalibus,,6uhqiii
nis ; caule ramosissimo,
alato ; foliis amplexicaul-
ibus. Sp. pi. 1. p. (330.

G. aniarclloidcs .^ Mich. I. p. I7j

Corolla 5 cleft, tubular
camj)anulate, terminal,
generally by fives ; stem
inucli branched, winged ;
leaves amplexicaidc.

Pursh, 1. p. 18^

342

PENTANDRIA BIGYNIA.

Perennial. Stevi erect, 1 — 2 feet high, branching, 4 angled, slight-
ly winged, glabrous. Leaves ovate lanceolate, sessile, half embracing
the stem, acute, glabrous. Flowers generally terminal, pedicellate,

3 5 on the summit of tlie branches. Corolla nearly tubular, smaller

than usual in this genus; border 5 cleft ; the segments undulate?
simple, mucronate.

Found among the mountains of Carolina, by Dr. Macbridc.

Flowers

7. Acuta. Mich.

G. caule 4.gono ; foliis
subamplexicaulibiis, ob-
longis, acutissimis ; flori-
bus fasciculatis, terriiinali-
bus lateralibusque ; co-
rollse fauce ciliata. Mich.
1. p. 177. i

Pursh, 1. p. 180.

Stpm and leaves erect. Flowers small, of a greenish yellow hue ,;
the flower-bearing branches very short; and the segments of the co^
roUa linear lanceolate. Mich.

Grows on the highest mountains of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers

Stem 4 angled ; leaves
somewhat amplexicaule,
oblong, very acute ; flow-
ers in clusters, terniinal
and lateral : throat of the
corolla ciliate.

ERYNGIUM. Cen. pl.

Flores capitati. In-
volucrum polypbylluni.
Calyx proprius 5-phyllus,
superus. Corolla 5-peta-
la. Receptacidum palea-
ceum. Fructus corona,
tus, i3-partibihs. Pers.

1, AqUATICUM.

E. foliis gladiatis, cilia-
to-spiiiosis ; floralibus in-
divisis, brevissimis. La
Marck.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 1357. Pursh, 1. p
E. yuccifolium, Mich, 1. p. 16-t

Flowers capitate, tn-
volucnim many leaved.
Proper calyx 5 leaved,
superior. Corolla 5 petal-
led. Receptacle chatfy.
Fruit crownedj divisible

into 2 parts.

Leaves gladiate, fiing-
ed with soft spines ; floral
leaves undivided, very
short.

189.

rENTANDIUA DIGYNIA.

S43

Ttoot tuhorous. pricmorse. Stem r> — 4 Icet hii^li, glabrous, hollow
in llu* cfntro, small. Leaves 1'3- 18 inches lonjj, I — 1 1 wide, suIju-
lafo, arnte, coiic.ivo, not cliannellod, honlored witli lonij cilia which
rcM'Mible spini's ; sltMU leaves sessile, not diminished at base, em-
biaciiiu; the stem. Invnhicrum nuiny leaved, fieciuentlv not lon;;er
than the head : leaves rii;id, ovate, acuminate, nuicronate, sometimes
toothed. Hvads longer tiian in the preceding species. Corolla white,
chafly, tfenerallv undivided.

Grows in ilat, damp, poor soils.

Flowers June — July, Butlnn SnaLe-root.

The root of this plant is of a pungent bitter and aromatic taste.
AVIien chrwed it very sensibly excites a flow of saliva. A decoction
of tlie loot is diaphoretic and expectorant, and sometimes proves
emetic. It i-* preferred by some pliysicians to the seneka snake-root,
which it much resembles in its etVects.

2. ViHGiNiANi'M. Pcrsoon.

Leaves long lanceo-
late, serrate ; iiivolucruni
much longer than the
heads ; chuil' 3 cuspidate.

E. Ibliis longo-lanceo-
latis, serratis ; involucro
ca|)itulis multo longiore ;
palcis tricuspidalis. E.

Pursh, 1. p. 189.

K. aqiiaticum, M'ch. 1. p. 1G3.

Hunt tuberous, privmorse. Stem herbaceous, 4— G feet high, much
divided near the summit, glabrous, Imllow, tliickened at the joints.
Leaves G — 3 inches long, strictly lanceolate, acutely serrulate, some-
times dentate, tapering at each extremity but dilated at the very
base; the midrib very prominent; the narrow base of the leaf 3 — ^4
inclies long. Ueadswry numerous, forming terminal corymbs, some
nearly sessile. Involucrum 3 times as long as the lieads, subulate,
laciniatc, wilii a while tint on the under surface. Corolla nearly
white. •

Grows in fresh marshes, and in inundated soils. Along the mar-
gin of Savannah river opposite the city of JJavannah very common.

Flowers June.

3. O

VAMFOl.lUM.

Midi.

E. fohis spatliuhito-
ovatis, inciso-dentatis ; ca-
j)itulis invohicro hrevio-
rihus ; paleis fequahter
tncuspi(hilis. E.

Mich. I. p. 1C3.
E. virgatum, Pursh, 1. p. 189.
Perennial. Stem 2—4 feet high, erect and decumbent, glabrous,
hollow. Leaves alternate, acutely notched or toothed, with the mar-

Leavcs spathulate o-
vate, deeply toothed ;
heads shorter tlian the
invohicruni : cliaff equal-
ly 3 cuspidate. E.

3441

TENTANDRIA DIGVNIA.

gins cartilaginous, sometimes slightly cordate, the base'^sucldeiily
narrowed, embracino; the stem. Tlie stem dichotomous near the sum-
mit with a head of flowers in each division, all on pedicels 1 — 3 inches
long. Jnvolucrum 8 leaved, a little longer than the head ; leaves li-
near lanceolate, with 2 or 4 rigid teeth. Calyx 5 leaved, persistent ;
leaves ovate, acute, mucronate* green, white or pale blue at base.
Petals linear lanceolate, white or pale blue, contracted at the middle
and bent to the germ. Filaments twice as long as the calyx, inserted
between the petals. Anthers incumbent. Styles filiform, expanding.
8ti°:mas obtuse. Seeds 2, united, angular.

Grows in the damp pine barrens, in the middle country..

Flowers July — September.

Radical leaves lanceo-
late, serrate, floral leaves
many cleft ; stem dicho-^
tomous^

4. FoSTIDUM.

E. foliis radicalibus lan-
ceolatis, serratis, florali-
bus multifidis ; caiile dicli-
otomo. Sp.pl. 1. p. 1356.

Mich. 1. p. 163. Pursh, 1. p. 189.

Stem herbaceous, 1 foot high, "Slightly angled, divided near the sum-
mit ; the small branches flexuous. Root leaves obtuse, with weak,
spinelike serratures ; leaves at the forks of the stem opposite, am-
plexicaule, wedge shaped, dentate, 3 cleft to the middle. Involucrnm
6 leaved, longer than the head ; leaves rigid, furnished with 1 or 2
teeth; chaft' linear, acute. Linn.

This species is a native of the West-Indies, and though given to
us by all writers, is at least one of our doubtful species. Michaux
found it in Florida.

5. Aromatictjm. Baldwin.

Stem leafy ; leaves cus-
pidate, pinnate, 3 cleft at
the summit, carlilaginous
along the margins ; invo-
lucrum 5 leaved, leaves
3 cleft ; chaff 3 pointed.

Root perennial, consisting of large woody fibres, very aromatic.
Stems 9—10 inches high, many from each root, often dichotomous
near the base. Leaves bristly, pinnate, crowded on the stem, and re-
markable for their silvery cartilaginous margin. Heads numerous,
on long divaricate peduncles, forming a kind of corymb, Involucrum
the length of the head. Bald.

Grows in dry pine barrens ; Florida.

Flowers Augusts-November.

E. caule folioso ; foliis
cuspidatis, pinnatis, apice
tiifidis, marginibus carti-
lagineis ; involucro pen-
taphyllo, foliolis trifidis j
paleis tricuspidatis. B.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNlAk

^3

0. Gracile. Baldwin.

E tbliis [)cliolali.s,()val.
ihus. inte2;ris ; caulc la-
niosissimo, tcnui ; capi-
tulis numcrosis, minimis ;
involucris dipliyllis, triti-
ilis liiicaribus. 13.

Leaves pctiolatc, oval,
entire ; stem branching,
slender ; Iieads nihue-
rous, very small ; invo.
lucrum 2 leaved, 3 cleft,
linear.

Rnot fibrous, annual. Stem generally prostrate. Leaves variable^
oval, ovafp, sojucinies 3 lobccl and denticulate. Tlic divisions of the
invutuerums also vary in form and number, linear, or linear lanceor
late, 2 — 3 parted ; the base of the segments sometimes furnished with
1 or '2 t«eth. K

Grow s in the low pine barrens near St. Mary's. Very common
aloni; tiip sea coast to the south of Augustine.

Flowers June — July,

I have an Eryn:;ium sent from T^ouisville, Georgia, by "Mr. Jack*'
son, every way larger than the preceding, yet resembling it too mucU
to be separated withont further examination. Involucrum twice af9
long as the head. G leaved, or with 2 leave* so deeply 3 cleft as to
appear G leaved, 2 small teeth near the base of each leaf, and some-
times 2 smaller near the summit. Corolla wl'.ite ; sometimes involu-
crum, chaff, and corolla bright azure. The E. integrifolium of Wal-
ter appears to be allied to these plants.

HYDUOCOTYLE. Gen. t>L. 457.

Uinbclla simplex, invo-
lucro 4 phyllo. Petala
inte2;ra. Seinimi semi-or-
hiculato-compres.>5a.

1. Interrupt A. Muh
H. foliis orbiculatis,
peltatis, duplicato-crena-
tis : spicis sul)ramosis ;

Umhel simple, with the
involucrum -4 leaved. Pe-
tals entire. Seed com-
pressed, semicircular.

Cat.

Leaves orbicular, peltate,
doubly crenate ; spike
sometimes divided ; flow-
ers verticil! ate.

iloribus verticillatis. E.

H. vulgaris, Mich. 1. p. 161. Pursh, 1. p. 190.

Perennial, creeping. Stems terete, glabrous, branching. Leaws
alternate, strictly peltate, glabrous, slightly crenate, petitdes 1 — 3
inches long. Spikes axillary and opposite the leaves. Fluwera in
spikes, sessile, forming whorls 2 — 3 lines a part. Calyx a mere ele-
vated line or margin around t!ie summit of the germ. jOoroUn 5 ptf-
talled, nearly white, i'efn/i lanceolate. i'J7flme^?^s shorter than .the

T S

.34^

PENTANDRIA DIGYNTA,

petals, inserted between them. Anthers incumbent, 2 celled. Gerni.
inferior, orbicular, compressed. Styles somewhat remote, as long as
tlie stamens. Stigmns obtuse. Seeds with 2 slight furrows.

Grows in wet soils. Common on Port lloyal Island,

Flowers through the whole summer.

Leaves peltate, crenate,
emarginat "> at base ; um-
l)els many flowered, on
long peduncles.

2. Umbellata.

H. foliis peltatis, cre-
natis, basi emarginatis ;
umbellis mullifloi is, longe
pedunculatis. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1361. Walt. p. 112. Pursh, 1. p. 190.
H. umbellulata, Mich. 1. p. 161.

Perennial, creeping. Stem glabrous, branching. Leaves glabrous,
slightly lobed, and emarginate. Ccommon peduncles longer than the
petioles; pedicels nearly half an inch long. The involucrum in our
species is merely a small leaf or scale at the base of cacli pedicel.
Calyx slightly toothed. Corolla white.

Grows in bogs

^flowers through the whole summer.

g. Americana.

H. foliis reniformibus,
subseptem-lobatis, crena-
tis ; umbellis paucifloris,
sessilibus. La Marck.

Leaves reniform, slight-
ly 7 lobed, crenate ; urn-
Ix^ls few flowered, ses-
sile.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 1361. Walt. p. 113 ? Mich. 1. p. 162. Pursh, 1. p. 1 90.

Creeping, perennial, glabrous. Leaves nearly ciicular, split at
base to the insertion ot the petiole, slightly 7 lobed, lobes crenate,
of a more delicate texture than our other species. Umbels axillary,
sessile.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Mich. — Pursh.

My specimens are from Pennsylvania. The next species is proba-
bly the H. Americana of Walter.

4. Cymbalarifolia. Muhl. Cat.

H. foliis reniformibus,
tri-lobatis, lobo interme-
dio minore ; umbellis
paucifloris, pedunculatis ;
ioribus sessilibus. £,

Leaves reniform, 3 lob-
ed, tbe intermediate one
smaller; umbels fewflow-
ered, on peduncles j flow-
ers sessile.

FENTANDllIA DIGVNlA.

04r

€roppiui;, perennial, !:;I;il)rous. L^-niv; nearly circular, rather deep-
!v 3 lubed, crenate, the under surlaro sliirhtly glaucous ; the lateral
lobes soineti les nntcluMl in the middle as if disposed to divide aiid
form a 5 lobed leaf. Tlie common /W«/i</r< about an inch long, the
podirels not a line. Cn-.bfls 7 — 10 flowered.

From tlie preceilin^ species it diflers in having the leaves much
stnallcr, more coriaceous in their texture, more distinctly lolwd, and
the iiinbets peduticulate.

Grows aro'ind pomls : near Beaufort, common*

Flowers Jul\ — Auj^ust.

."5. Ri:p\ni)A. Pcrs.

II. foliis mtU!ulat()-cor-
datis, suhrcpaiwrH ; pctio-
lis nervisque pilosis ; cap.
itiilo i)C(Uinculato, tiiHo-
10. Pcrs.

Leaves cordate, round-
ed, somewhat repaiid ;
pcti Icsand nerves hairy;
heads 3 llowcred, pediui-
cuhite.

Pursh, 1. p. 190.
11. reniformis, Walt. p. 113.
H. Gcaroides, Mich. 1. p. iGl.
Perennial, crecpins;. Leaves cordate, rounded at the suuimit an3
auricles, sli:;htly repand ; pubescent al)i>\«'. Iiairy on the under sur-
face, un lon^ petioles. Peduncles short, terete, hairy, commonly S
ilowcied. /'lowers sessile, apprcssed : marjy peduncles from each
joint. Corol'a a dirty white, with a reddish marjiin. Jnthers blacL
The II. cordara of "WaUfr, wiih entire leaves, I liavc never seen.
Grows ill damp soils, but found in drier places than any other
species.

Flowers through the summer.

Very glabrous ; leaves
tliick, linear. wedij;c shap-
ed, transversely lined ;
umbels pedunculate.

0. LiNEATA. Mich.

H. p;laberrima ; lohis
crassiuscuhs, lineari-cu-
neatis, transversim liiiea-
tis ; iimbellis i)ediincula-
tis. Mich. 1. p. 1 0:2. I

Pursh, 1. p. 190.

Perennial, creeping. Joint*? of the ftem r.earer than in the other
species. leaves a.hout 1} inch long, obtuse, linear, tapeiing to tlt«
base, crossed by !> or 6 lines as if j«)inted. Uwffrls axillary, 8 — 10
flowerefl ; peduncles longer than the leaves; pedicels short. In my
specimen the fruit appears to be distinctly 4 angled, not compressea.

Found near .Si. Alary 's, by Dr. Haldwin. Grywtk in inuudittofl
places in the low country of Carolina. MLclv.

Flower* April — May. Mich.

34f8

PKNTANDRIA DlGtNIA.

SANICtJLA. Gen. pl. 458.

Unibellcc confertse, sub-
capitatse. Fructus acu-
Jeatus. Flores disci abor-
tientes.

1. Marilandica.

S. foliis digitalis, foliolis
oblongis, ineisis ; floribus
fertilibus sessilibus, sub-
ternis, sterilibiis pedicel-
latis, nimierosis. Pursh,
l.p. 191.

Sp, pl. 1. p. 1367. Walt. p.

Perennial. Stem herbaceous,
glabrous. Leaves alternate, on long footstalks, 3 parted to the base ;
the lateral lobes more slightly 2 parted ; all of the lobes notched,
toothed, glabrous. Floicers in umbols somewhat capitate, compound-
ly dichotomous, with a simple ray in each division. Universal invo-
lucrum 2 leaved, many parted; partial many leaved (8 — 10), small.
Calyx 5 jointed, persistent. Corolla 5 petalled ; petals linear, ob-
twse, furrowed, white, inflected to the base, inserted on the summit
of the germ. Filaments as long as the petals, inserted between them.
Germ inferior, muricate. Styles 2, short, reflected. Stigmas simple,
obtuse. Fruit oval, divisible in 2. Seed fiat on one side, on the
other roughened with 4 double rows of hooked bristles.

Grows in dry, shaded soils ; common.

FU^wers May — August.

Umbels crowded, some*'
what capitate. Fimit a-
culeate. Flowers of the-
disk abortive.

Leaves digitate, leaf-
lets oblong, incised ; fer-
tile flowers sessile, gene-
rally by threes ; sterile, on
footstalks, numerous.

113. Mich. 1. p, 162.

erect, 2 — 3 feet high, terete, very

DAUCUS. Gen. pl. 466.

Corollce subradiatre.
Flosculi disci abortivi.
Fructus pilis hispidus.

1. Carota.

D. seminibus hispidis ,*
petiolis subtus nervosis ;
foliorum laciniis angusto-
lineaiibus, acutis. La
Marck.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 13«9.

Corolla somewhat rad-
iate. F/ow^?'5ofthedisk
abortive. Fmit hispid.

Seed hispid ; petioles
nerved on the under side ;
segments of the leaf nar^
row, linear, acute.

Walt, p. 113i Pureh> 1. p. 191.

rENTANDRlA PFGYNJA.

343

This Talur\l)l(* and \\■^'\\ known vp^ctablo, a native of the <lry plains
ol Kniop*, is h«»coniin;; cnnipletciv n;ifiirali/.<Ml in this coiindy I
have found it growin;; in the nine barirns of Kflitinliam and Screven
co'inties, Georijia : and Dr. Niacbridc informs me he has seen it in
similar situations in St Johns.

Flowers .April — May. Carrot.

2. PiisrLLus. Midi.

D. rctrorsiim-liispitlus ;
fuliolis laciniis minimis,
lineari-lancrolatis ; imi-
bellis parvis ; seminil)us
8-iariam cristato-muiica-
tis.

Uetrorscly lii^jnd ; leaf-
lets with tlic sci^mciils
very small, linear lancccv
late ; umbels small : seeds
mmicatc witli 8-crested
libs.

Mich. 1. p. IG4. Pursh, 1. p. 192.

Stem )'2 — 18 inches. />frtD« very much dissected ; the segments
minute. .SVcf/s larcje for the si/.e of the plant, with 8-crested ribs j
the segments acute and doubly barbed at the summit.

Grows in dry soils. St. John's ; iJr. Macbridc. Savannah ; Dr.
Paldwin.

flowers

AMMI. Gen. tl. 407.

Involucra pinnatifida.
Corolhc radiatit', omncs
hermaphroditic. Frudus
laivi*.

1. Capillaceum.

A. foliis omnibus capil-
laceo-multifidis ; semini-
biis glabris,sulcatis ; caule
ramo-

Involncrums pinnatifid.
Floxvcrs radiate, all fer-
tile. Fruit smooth.

ab imo divaricato,
so. E.

Mich. 1. p. 1G4. Pursl)

All the leaves capilla-
ry, many cleft ; seeds p;la-
brous, furrowed ; stem
from tbe l)ase branching,
l)rancbcs expanded.

. l.p. 192.
A. majufl, ^Valt. p. 113.

Annual. Stern, t — 2 feet high, slightly angled and furrowed, gei>-
iculate, glabrous. Leaves alternate, compoundly many parted : leaf'
let> 5 — 4 parted at base, many parted at tlu* sumnnt; segments all
linear. glal)rous. Universal involucrum many leaved (H), shorter
than the rap of the umbels : leaves pinnatifid ; [-aitial involucm-m

35^

PENtANDRIA DIGYNIA,

many leaved, linear, unequal. Calyx Very small, 5 toothed. Petals
ovate, acute, white, witli the point incurved. Filc^ments as long a^
the petals. Jinthers erect, purple. Germ inferior, ovate, furrowed.
Sti/les short, thickened at base by a gland. Seeds flat on one side,
tvitli 4 furrows on the convex side.

Grows every where in wet and boggy soils.

Flowers May — June.

S. COSTATUM. E.

A. majusculiim; caule
inferne simplici ; foliis ca-
pillaceo-miiltipartitis, la-
ciniis subverticiliatis ; se-
minibus costatis. E.

Plant large ; stem sim-
ple below ; leaves capil-
lary, many parted, seg-
ments commonly verticil-
late ,• seeds ribbed.

Annual ? Stem 4 — 5 feet high, branching towards the sumn\it,
slightly angled, glabrous. Leaves very compound ; each leaflet many
parted to the base, as if verticillate. Umbels termittal, large. Uni-
versal involucrum many leaved (10 — 12), about half as long as the
Umbel, many parted ; partial involucrum many leaved, leaves as long
as the pedicels, with a few segments. Petals acuminate. Jinthers
rose coloured Seeds glabrous, with 5 elevated ribs.

I have found it difficult to mark the limits between this and the
preceding species, difference in size forming the most obvious distinc-
tion. This variation, however, does not arise from soil, for both grow in
river swamps. The A. capillaceum is a vernal plant, spreading and
rarely growing 2 feet high; this, an autumnal plant, erect and tall.
In this the leaves are larger and more divided, the calyx and corolla
larger, with the petals acuminate, and the seed, which in the former
species are slightly furrowed, in this are 2 or 3 times as large, and
so deeply furrowed as to be ribbed and almost winged.

Grows in the swamps along the margin of the Ogeechee river.
Mount Prosper.

Flowers October — November.

SELINUM. Gen. pl.

Fructus ovali-oblongiis,
compresso-planus,in me-
dio striatus. Iiwducrum
reflexum. Petala corda-
ta, seqiialia, Calyj: in-
teger.

Fruit oval oblong, com-
pressed, flat, striate in the
middle. Involucrum re-
flected. Petals GordatCj
equal. Calyx entire.

PENTANDRIA DIOYNIA*

35i

Very s:1;il)rons, lucid ;
leaves bipimiate, Icatlets
many ])arte(l, the ses;-
nieiits lanccoJate ; fruit
oval.

i. CANAnr.NSE.

S. irlaheniiniini, liici-
(luin ; foliis hipiiiiiali^, fo-
liolis iniiltipartitis. laciriiis
lanceolilis ; fmclil)iis o-
valil)iis. Mich. i. p. 165.

Purslu 1. p. 192.

Apiuin bipinnatuin, Walt. p. 115 r

Grows near the mouths of large rivers, from Canada to CaroUntw'
Pui>h. I'lowprs white.
Flowers July —

t

FERULA. Gex. pl. 475.

Invohicruni universale
caducmn ; partiale poly-
I)liyllum. Fvuclus ovalis,
comprcsso-planus, stiiis
utriiique 3.

1. Vl LI-OS A.

F. foliis supradccom-
posito-iernatis ; foliolis
ovalis, scrralis, rigidis,
venosis ; caulc, peduncii-
lis umhellisqiic villosis.
Tursh, 1. p. 11)2.

Universal involucnini
caducous ; partial many
leaved. Fruit oval, com-
piessed, flat, with three
btreaks on each side.

Leaves supradecom-
pound, the divisions tri-
iohate ; leaflets ovate,
serrate, rigid, veiny; stem,
peduncles and umbels vil-
lous.

I have inserted this plant from Pursh, without any knowlcd;;e of it.
lie refers to it the K. villosa, Walt, and the Cicuta venenata,
Amcr. Phil. Trans. The K. viilosa of Walter 1 strongly suspect to
be tl»e Angelica triquinata of tliis work. The Cicutii venenata <»r
Greenway is a very di>tinct plant, entirely glabrous, perhaps n-allv a
Cicuta, certainly not a Ferula. iSo many of Walter's plants, how-
ever, wliich were once considered doubttui, have been from time to
time discovered, that this at lea^it merits a furtiier cn(|uiry.

LIGUSTICUM. Gen. pl. 478.

Fructu^ ohloniius, 5-
sulcatus utrinque. Co-

Fruit ohlong, 5 furrow-
ed on both bides. CoroU

352

PENTANDklA DIGYNIA.

rollcE sequales ; pelalis
involutis, integris.

1. Barbinode.

L? caule Isevi; nodis
barbatis ; foliis biternatis
(plerisque) ; IVuctibus o-
valibus. rnargine utiinque
subdipteris. Pers. l. p.
315.

Mich. l.p. 167. Pursli^ 1. p." 193.
Smyrnium barbinode ? Muhl. Cat.

This plant is inserted in order to excite investigation. Michaui
was uncertain where it should be placed. If the quotation from
Dr. Muhlenberg applies, as I suspect it does, to this plant, that excel-
lent botanist had, no doubt, an opportunity of determining the geuus.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers

la equal, the petals invo-
lute, entire.

Stem smooth ; joints
bearded ; leaves general-
ly biternate ; fruit oval,
with each margin slightly
2 winged.

ANGELICA. Gen. pl. 479.

Frudiis subrotundus,
solidus, utrinque 3-alatus,
stylis reflexis. Corollce
sequales, petalis incurvis.

Fndt nearly round, so-
lid, 3 winged on each
side, wiih the styles re-
flected. Corolla equal,
the petals incurved.

Pubescent ; leaves 3-
parted, the partitions gen-
erally 5 leaved, leaflets
sharply toothed ; fruit
oblong.

1. TniquiNATA .? Mich.

A } pubescens ; foliis
tripartitis, partitionibus
subquinque-foliatis, foli-
olis acute dentatis ; fruc-
tu oblongo. E.

Mich. 1. p. 167 Pursh, 1. p. 193.

Stem about 2 feet high, very pubescent near the summit. Leaflets
lanceolate; the terminal leaflets rhomboid, sessile, when young pu-
bescent. Fndt oblong, slightly winged, when young almost tomen-
tose.

This is the A. hirsuta of Muhlenberg, it is however questionable
Y/hether it is the real A. triquinata of Michaux.

Grows in dry, sandy soils, in the middle country j common be-
tween Orangeburgh and Colunibiji, South-Carolina.

Fldwers July — August.

rENTANDRiA DIOYNIA.

Baa

Leaflets equal, ovate,
with deep serratures.

Stem 8—5 feet high. Lenvee 8U«

it. Lucid A ?

A. foliolis .Tqualibus, o-
vatis, iiiciso-scrralis, Sp.
pi. I. p. 1130.

A. lobata, Walt. 1. p. 115.

Hunt |uMcMiiiial, very aromutic.
pradc'coiupuuiid.

1 have never seen this plant in flower, and the loss of mj Rpecimens,
prevents me from spcakiiij^- of it with certainty, and porhaps removing
some obscurity tliat hangs over the southern species ot this genus%
The A. inte^rifoiia of Walter is unknown to me, unless the Smyrni-
urn integerrimum was the plant he described.

(irows in rich s(»ils, in the upper country, d»\scending as low as Sti
Johns. The roots are a favorite food of ho£s, who sometimes ao»'
quire by thin diet a fragrance wliich is not tiicir common portioiK

Flowers Julv —

SIUM. Gex. tl. 480.

Frudus subovatus,coni-
pressiis, striatus. luvo.
lucruvi polypliyllum. Pe-
tula cordata.

* Se minibus co??ipressis,
alatis.

i. Ihr.inius.

S. toliis piiinatis ; folio-
lis lanceolatis, subintcger-
rimis. Sp. pi. i. 1433.

Fruit nearly ovate, com-
pressed, striate. InvolU'
crum many leaved. Pe*
tals cordalc.

* Seeds compressed^
ivinged.

Leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets lanceolate, nearly er>-
tire.

Sison marginatum .•* Mich. 1. p. 168.

Stem rigid. Leaves pinnate, generally 5 — 6 pair and an odd onej
leaflets sessile, strongly v«'ined. conspicuously bordered as with a
nerve, with 1 or 2 small teeth towards the summit. Involiicrum de-
ciduous. Seeds flattened, winged, and marked on the back with fl
lines ; wings nearly as wide as the seed itself

If this be the i?ison marginatum of Michaux, as Dr. Muhlenberg
suspected (and the plant agrees minutely with his description), it
erows '• in the swamps of Carolina." Mich. I have not eeen it \fi
tnU country j my specimens arc from Pennsylvania,

U»

da4

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Leaves pinnate ; lower
leaflets lanceolate, upper
obovate, 3 toothed.

2. Tricuspidatum. E.

S. foliis pinnatis ; foli-
olis inferioribus lanceola-
tis, superioribus obovatis,
tridentatis. E.

S. rigidius, Walt. p. 114.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, terete, glabrous, sparingly branched. Leave's
pinnate, 2 — 5 pair, and an odd one ; leaflets lanceolate, very acute,
sessile, st)inewliat rigid, entire towards tne base, all the upper leaflets
cuneate and almost equally 3 toothed. Involucrum caducous. Seeds
slightly winged, with 3 lines on the back.

This plant has much affinity to the preceding species ; it appears
to differ in the leaves, which are remarkably toothed in this species,
almost 3 cuspidate ; and in the seeds, which are more slightly winged.

Grows in damp soils, but is not confined to swamps.

Flowers occasionally through the summer.

3. Denticulatum. Bald.

S. foliis impari pinna-
tis ; ibliolis ovalibus, den-
ticulatis, acutis ; involu-
cro imiversali diphyllo.
Bald.

Leaves unequally pin-
nate; leaflets ov^ljtoofth-
ed, acute ; universal in-
volucrum 2 leaved.

Root perennial. Stem 3 — 5 feet high. Leaves alternate, on long
petioles, generally with 3 pair of leaflets and an odd one. Leaflets
variable in size and form in different plants, irregularly toothed, pale
green on the upper surface, glaucous on the under. Universal iyivo-
lucrum sometimes wanting. Bald. Dr. Baldwin adds in a subse-
quent note, that the leaves are sometimes by fours. Styles persis-
tent.

Grows in low, clayey soils, near the water ; Savannah j Jefferson,
Camden county, Georgia.

Flowers September — November.

•1. Teretifolium. Muhl. Cat.

Leaves simple, terete,
jointed, acute 5 seeds

winged.

S. foliis simplicibus,
teretibus, articulatis, acu-
tis ; seminibus alatis. E.

Oenanthe filiformie, Walt. p. 113.
O. Carolinensis, Pursh, 1. p. 194.

Root annual ? Stem herbaceous, 3—6 feet high, slightly geniculate,-
terete, glabrous, hollow, branching near the summit. Leaves glabrous,
streaked, hollow, with many transversa m^w^branes (as in Cyperus

PENTANDRTA DIGYUIA.

355

a'rticulatus), 4 — 8 inches lonp;, S — 4 lines in diameter at the base.
Universal involucrum many leaved, leaves subulate, persistent, near-
ly an incli lunii; ; partial invnli<cruin Hiniilar, l)Ut xmaMer. Flo..ers
all sesiile. Corulta uliite. I'etnh ncuininate, reflexed. Filaments
a6 lonj; as tlie corolla, re«l near the sinuinit. „intMers «rect, attached
to the siilfs of tlje filaments. Seed compressed, with 3 lines on the
back, and \vin^;s wider than the nucleus.

'^he^<e four plai)ts, perhaps with tlic Angelica triquinata, might
form a f^enns between Angelica and Sium ; >et tliev do nut altof^etlier
ai^ree anion;; themselves. Tliis plant is riMnarkable for iti> terete,
fistulous leaves, and the attachment of its anthers ; and the A. tri-
quinata is now left with Angelica because its small umbels form per-
fect globes, and because its seed, though marked like theseeds of these
species with ;1 lines and a winged margin, has a more solid nucleus.

(jrows acound pine barren ponds, in thtt middle country. Salt'
catcher.

Flowers August — September.

"^^ Seeds naked.

Stem procumbent -;
leaves pinnate, leaflets
ovate ; umbels axillary,
sessile.

** Semiriihus niidis.

5. NODIFLOUUM.

S. caule procumbente ;
foliis pinnalis, roliolis ova-
lis ; uml)cllis axillaribus,
scssilibus. Persoon, i.p.
3ir..

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1432. Walt. p. 115.

Annual. Stem weak, decumbent, diffuse, about 2 feet long, jflw*
brous, hollow, siij^htly angled. leaves pinnate, the upper ones fre-
quently ternate ; leaflets ovate, acute, acutely dentate, oblique, gla-
brous. Umbels on very short footstalks, opposite the leaves. Com-
mon irti'o/Mcrum 1, 2, 5 leavrd, sometimes wanting; lea\t'S lanceo-
late, unequal, reflected ; partial involucrum many leaved ((i — 8), per-
sistent. Petals white, slightly acuminate, expanding. Filaments
longer than the petals, white. Seeds very slightly margined, 3 rib-
bed, with the ribs furrowed.

This plant has probably been introduced from Europe. It grows
very abundantly around L'liarlcston, and even in the street-:, in drains
and wet places.

Flowers April — June.

SISOX. Gen. pl. 481.

Frudus ovatus,striatU5.
Involucra sub4-pliylla.

Fruit ovate, strl:ite.
Inrolucriims generiUly 4
leaved.

3^a

PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA.-

1. Tripoliatum.

S. foliis omnibus Irifo-
Batis ; foliolis dentatis, in-
ferioribus ovalibus ; ped-
unculis geminis ; fructi-
bu9 subrotundis. Mich.
1. p. 168.

Pursh, 1 . p. 194.
Lower leaves 2 — 3 lobed ; the upper, oval lanceolate,
minal, solitary, on long peduncles, ^]ich.
Grows in the upper districts of Caiolina.
Flowers

All the leaves trifoliate ;
leaflets dentate, the lower
ones oval ; peduncles by
pairs ; fruit nearly round.

Umbels ter-

Leaves triternate, ma-
ny parted ; umbels few
flowered (5—6) ; fruit
muricate.

194.
308.

2. PUSILLUM.

S ? foliis triternatis,
multipartitis ; umbellulis
paucifloris (5—6) ; fructi-
bus muricatis. E.

Mich. l.p. 1G8. Pursh, 1. p.
Ammi divaricatum, Pers. 1. p.
Daucus divaricatus, Walt. p. 1 14.
Ligusticum pusillum, Pers. 1 p. 315.
Annual. Stem 1 — 1 feet high, glabrous, geniculate, dichotomous^
branches expanding. Leaves alternate, much divided ; segments li-
near, glabrous, finely serrulate near the summit. Universal and par-
tial umbelj with 5 — 6 unequal rays, the middle one frequently sessile.
Universal inro/«<crM?u 0 : partial 3 leaved; leaves small, lanceolate-
Fetals oval, obtuse, entire, flat. Filaments half as long as the corol-^
la. Fruit nearly globose, compressed, pointed with the styles. Seed
striate, the ridges (5 }) muricate, with membranaceous scales.

This little plant nas some equivocal characters, and has been placed
in many different genera. It wants the involucrum of Daucus or
Ammi, to which it is allied in habit. I have followed Michaux with-
out having sufficient knowledge of the genu& Sion to determine his
correctness.

Grows in dry, sandy pastures.
Flowers March — April.

CICUTA. Gen. pl. 486.

Fructus subovatus, sul-
catus. Involucrum uni-
versale 0 ; partiale 3-- 5
phyllumv

Fruit somewhat ovate,
furrowed. Universal i/z-
volucrum 0, partial S.-.'i
leaved^

PEJfTANDniA DfGYNIiV.

^57'

Sen-atures of tlie leaves
niucroriute ; petioles
inenibranaceous (wing,
ed), 2 lobed at tlie sum-
mit.

4. Macitlata.

C. folioruni serratiiris
mucronalis ; ])etiolis
mcmbranaccis, apice hi-
lobis. Pers. l. p. 318.

Walt. p. 115. Piirsli, 1. p. 195.

Perennial ? Stem herbaceous, erect, terete, jjlabrous,' hollow,
t)ranching, sli;;htly geniculate, streaked witli purple, 4 — 7 feet high.
Leave*: compoundly triternate, sometimes quinate ; teajlets ovate lan-
ceolate, acuminate, strongly serrate, with the serratures acuminate,
somewhat rugose, slightly scabrous on the uniler surface ; petioles
sheathing the stem at base with membranaceous wings, 2 lobed or
parted at the summit, Umhph axillary, or opposite the leaves, and
terminal. I'^niversal invofucrum commonly 2 leaved, leaves decidu-
ous, half as long as tlie umbel, frequently.) parted. J'artial jwt-o/m-
cram many leaved (10) ; leaflets subulate. Cali/x 5 parted ; seg~
ments expanding. I'etnls whiti\ with a long inflected acuminatiom
Filamenta longer than the rorolia. ^intlifrs wliite.

Grows in wet and inundated land ; common.

Flowers June — August.

CILEROPHYLLUM. Gen. pl. 490.

Involucrum reflexiini,
concavum. Petala iii-
flcxo-cortlata. Frudiis
obiongiis, Ifevis aut stria-
tus, glabeniinus.

1. Procumbens.

C. scininibiis nitidis,
Iievibiis ; foliis deconipo-
sitis ;'caulc procuinbcnte. I procumbent.
Pers. 1. p. 3^0. I

Pursh, 1. p. 195.

Scandix procumbens, Sp. pl. 1. p. 1452. 0

Plant small, decumbent, glaI)rous. Leaves alternate, much divided,
the first divisions opposite, pedicellate, the upper alternate, pinnati-
fid ; segments lanceolate, rather obtuse, niucronate, and when young
slightly fringed. Umbels terminal, rays frequently by threes. Tui-

Involucruvi reflected,
concave. Petals inflected
cordate. Fruit oblong,
smooth or striate, very
glabrous.

Seeds sliining, smooth ;
leaves decompound; stcn>

358 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

versal involncrumO ; partial 5 leaved, leaves small, lanceolate, ciliate.
Seeds long, striate, pointed at the summit with the persistent styles,
when mature inflected.

Found on Charleston neck, by Dr. Trescott.

Flowers May — June.

Leaves tern ate ; leaf-
lets ovate acute, frequent-
ly notched.

S. Canadense.

C. foliis ternatis ; foli-
olis ovato-acutis, subin-
cisis. Pers. i. p. 8S0.

Pursh, l.p. 195.

Sison Canadense, Sp. pi. 1. p. 1436.

Mich. 1. p. 168.

Stem erect, terete, giabrous, with many branches. Leaves ternate ;
the lower broad lanceolate, acute, doubly serrate, with the large ser-
ratures mucronate ; the upper leaflets narrow, deeply cut (incised.)
Umbels long. Peduncles generally by ttirees. Universal info/ucrum
0 ; partial 3 — 5 leaved, leaves very small, subulate. Some flowers
abortive in each umbel. Seeds oblong, striate, acuminate, pointed
with the persistent styles, when mature inflected (arcuate.)

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers July. Pursh.

3. Claytoni.

C. foliolis oblongo-o- I Leaflets oblong, oval,
valibus, pinnatifido-lo- | lobed as if pinnatifid, hai-

ry ; umbel with few rays,
divaricate ; fruit long, te-

rete, smooth.

batis, pilosis ; umbella
pauci-radiata, divaricata ;
fructibus elongatis, tere-
tibus, Isevigatis. Pers. 1.
p. 320.

Pursh, 1. p. 195.

Myrrhis Claytoni, Mich. 1. p. 170.

Stem 2 feet high, erect. Petioles 3 parted, the divisions 3 — 5
leaved. Peduncles by pairs, terminal. Umbels when in fruit divari-
cate ; rays 3-— 5, very long.

In my specimens the stem and rays, as well as the leaves, arc
tairy, and the seeds themselves sprinkled with hair.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers June— July. Pnrsh.

PENTAKDRIA DIGYNlA.

8d9

SMYIlNll'M. Gen. pl. 495.

Frudus sul)comi)i*cssiis,
gihhosiis, striatus. Pdala
acmniimta, carinuta.

1. CORDATUM. Walt.

S. foliis radicalilnis sub-
orMculato-conlutis, cre-
natis, caulinis pctiolatis,
trifolialis, suprcmis 3-
paitilis ; umbclla radiis
brevibus. Mich. l.p. 170.

Fruit somcwlml com-
pressed, gil)l)()us, striatc-
Pdals acuminate, cari-
natc.

Root leaves nearly or-
bicular, cordate, crenatc ;
st'in leaves petiolate, tri-
foliate ; upper leaves 8
parteil ; rays of the um-
bels short.

Walt. p. 114. Pursh, 1, p. 195.
Tliapsia trifoUata, Sp. pl. 1. p. 1465.

Perennial .•• Stem herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet liisih, terete, glabrous.
Lower leaves on long footstalks, cordate, rounded, as they ascend be-
coming 3 lobed, then trifoliate ; all glabrous, crciiate ; j)etiole9 eta-
bracing the stem at base ; upper leaves nearly sessile. Universal and
partial involucrum 2 — 5 very small leaves. Walt. Corolla white,
sometimes yel'ow.

Grows in high, rich land ; in the mountains common. Mich.

Flowers occasionally tlirough the summer; commonly April — June^

S. AURECM.

S. foliis bitcrnatis, lobo
medio 3 — 5 gono ; foho-
lis ovali lanceolatis, ser-
rulatis; uinl)ella brevi.ra-
diata. Mich. l. p. 171.

Leaves biternate, with
the middle lobe .3 — 5 an-
gled ; leaflets oval lance-
olate, serrulate ; rays of
the uinbcl short.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 1468. Walt. p. 114. Pursh, 1. p. 196.

Root leaves commonly biternate, with the middle lobe again divided
into three ; all glabrous, serrate. Corolla bright yellow, almost orange
coloured. Plant 1 — 2 feet high.

Grows in rich, high lands.

Flowers April— June.

360r

PBNTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

3, Atropuhpureum.

S. foliis omnibus terna-
tis ; foliolis ovatis, aciitis,
serratis. Parsh, 1 . p. 1 9 6 .

Floivers dark purple.

Grows on dry slate hills, in Virginia and Carolina.

Flowers May — July\

La Maixk.

Leaves all ternate ^
leaflets ovate, acute, ser-
rate.

Piirsh.

4. Integerrimum.

5. foliis caulinis dupli
cato-ternatis ; foliolis in
tegerrimis, subglaucis.

Stem leaves doubly ter*
nate, very entire ; leaflets
entire, somewhat glau-
cous,

Sp. pi. I. p. 1468. Mich. 1. p. 171. Pursh, 1. p. 196.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high, glabrous, slightly branched. Leaves ovate;
and lanceolate, sometims oblique, somewhat glaucous, small, Unjr
Versal involucrum 0, or caducous ; partial, composed of few very rai»
jiute leaves. Ray of the universal umbel long, slender ; of the pac-
tial short. Flowers of the disk nearly sessile, sterile ; of the ray ov,
long pedicels, fertile.

Grows in rich, high lands ; a native of the mountains. Found. b.y
Dr. Macbride as low on the Santee as St. Johiis. "

Flowers June— July.

^%%^VW%^^W^'V«^W^\A1^

TRIGYNIA.

VW\A/%. V%^ VW VWWV

Calyx 5-partitus. Pe-
tola 5. Bacca l-sperma.

* Foliis pinnatis.

1. Typhinum.

R. foliis pinnatis ; foli-
olis lanceolatis, acumina-
tis, argute serratis, eubtus
Villosis. Sp. pi. £. p. 1478.

RHUS. GeiT. PL. 502,

Calyx 5 parted. Pe*
tats 5. Berry i seeded.

* Leaves pinnate.

Leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets lanceolate, acumi-
nate, acutely serrate, vfl-
lous underneath.

Walt. p. ^55., Mich. I. p. 182. Purgh, 1. p. 204.

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

861

Arborescent. Branches niul petioles very villons. Flowfra dioi-
cous. Fruit-Uoai in;; panicle crowded. Fruit purple, covered wLh a
Velvet-like down. Slicli.

I have not seen this species in Carolina ; it is inserted on the •«•
thority ol" \N alter.

Flowers July — August.

ii. Gi.Ainti M.

U. foliis |)iniKitis, Ian-
ccolatis, serralis, utr'mqiie
luidis ; lloribus oiunihiis
fertilibus. Sp. pi. 1. p.

Walt. p. 2j5. Mich. l.p. 182

Leaves pinnate, lance*
olatc, serrate, glal)r()us
on both surfaces ; tlowers
all fertile.

Pursh, l.p. ':ro-i.

A shrub from 6 — 10 feet high ; branches and stem glabrous, generally
tillered witli ])urple. Leaves pinnate, 7 — 8 pair; leaflets t«etisile, lan-
ceolate, acuminate, strongly dentate, glaucous on the under surface,
sliglitly conJate. /'i/Mic/*' larije, dilVu-e. Floirers a\\ fertile.

(irows in the u per countiy of Carolina and Ge(»rgia. I have seen
it eight miles below Augusta, and around Columbia, S. C. It rarely
de-^cends lower.

Flowers July — August.

3. Eleoans.

U. foliis pinnatis, lan-
ccolatis, serratis, ulrin-
que nudis ; flori!)us dioi-
cis. Sp. pi. 1. p. 1478.

Leaves pinnate, lance-
olate, senate, glabrous on
both surfaces ; tlowers
dioieous.

With this species I am iinacriuainted ; it is not distinguished iu
the Species Plantarum or llortus Koweiisis by any cliaractcr but its
dioieous flowers from the K. jiabruni, of which l^ursh considers it a
variety.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers

4. PUMII.UM.

U. humile ; raniis pe-
tiolisque pubescentibus ;
foliolis ovalibus, ineiso-
dentatis, subtus tonien-
tosis ; liuctil)us holoseri-
ceis. Mich. i. p. ib2.

Pursh, 1. p. 204.

Vlant humble; branches
and petioles pubescent ;
Icallets oval, slmrply
toothed, tomentose un-
derneath ; fruit with a
silky down.

\ 2

36^

rENTANDRIA TRIGYNlAr

Stem about a foot high. Leaves pinnate, many paired.
On the authority of Mr. Lyon to be very poisonous.
Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.
Flowers July — August.

Reported-

Very glabrous ; leaflets
oval, abruptly acuminate,
entire j panicle diffuse j
flowers dioicous.

5. Vernix.

R. glaberrimuH) ; foli-
olis ovalilius, abrupte acu-
minptis, integris ; panicu-
!a laxa ; floribus dioicis.
Pursb, 1. p. SO 3.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1479. Mich. 1. p. 183.

Shrub 6 — 10 feet high, (arborescent, Mich.) branches glabrousi
Leaves rather large, oval, abruptly acuminate, entire, glabrous, pale
on the under surface ; petioles glabrous, without joints or wings.
JFloivers in long slender panicles, dioicous. (Frwit white. Mich.)

Grows in the upper country of Georgia and Carolina ; rare in the
lower. I have seen it within eighteen miles of Savannah, on the road
to Augusta.

Flowers May — June*

6. COPALLINUM.

R. foliis pinnatis, inte- Leaves pinnate, entire^

gerrimis, petiolo mem- with the petiole winged,

tranaceo, articuiato. Sp. and jointed,
pi. 1. p. 1480.

Walt p. 255. Mich. 1. p. 182. Pursh, 1. p. 205.

A shrub 3 — 12 feet high, branching; the branches virgate, and
covered with fine down. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets (about 5 pair,) ob-
liquely lanceolate, slightly revolute, sliining on the upper surface,
pubescent on the under ; petioles 8 — 12 inches long, apparently
jointed, with narrow wings extending from joint to joint; the leaflets
growing from each joint. Calyx 5 parted. Petals 3 times as long
as the calyx, oval, of an obscure yellow. Filaments much shorter than
the corolla, inserted into a ring surrounding the germ. Germ superior,,
irval. Styles 3, very short. Stigmas globose. Berry compressed,
ovate, pubescent ; the juice very acid.

Grows in all soils not inundated.

Flowers August. Sumach.

The berries are possessed of an agreeable acid taste. Infused intd
^ater, they form a pleasant and cooling beverage.

PENTANDllIA TllJLGYNlA.

863

** Ful'tis termitis,

7. Raiucans.

R. foiiis Icrnalis ; foli-
olis peliolatis, ovalis, gla-
bris, plonimqiie integcr-
riinis ; caiilc radicaiite ;
llonI)us (lloicis. K.

I ** Leaves tcrnate.

Leaves ternatc ; leaf-
lets petiolate, ovate, gla^
broils, generally entire ,
stem railicant ; lluwers
(lioicous.

Sp. pi. I. p 14K1. \VaU. p. 20.";.

R. tuxicodciulron, vnr. a. Mich. 1. p. 183. Puish, 1. p. 205.

A vine, climbiu" to the heij^ht of 30 or 40 feet, shootint; out radl-,
cles all alon;^ its stem, by which it adheres to the bark of trees, to
fences, houses, &c. sinall branches glabrous, expaiidini:;. Leaven ter'
natp, ovate, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, i^enerally entire;, (the
lower leaves sometimes anj^led,) of a dark green colour. Racemes axf
illary. Berries white.

Very common in the low country, preferring damp soils.

Flowers May.

Stem erect, Aveak ;
leaves sinuate, lo!)e(l, and
entire, tomentose under-
neath : flowers dioicoue.

S. Toxicodendron.

K. caule crecto, debili ;
foliis sinuatis, lohatis in-
tegrisquc, subtus tomcn-
tosis ; floribus dioicis. E.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1481. AValt. p. C.5.).

Micii. I. p. 183. var. b. quercifolium. Pursh, 1. p. :20j.

Stem 2 — 6 feet high, when tall flexible, and not finnly erect.
Leaves ovate, varying very much, sometimes acute or acuminate, never
obtuse, and all but the upper leaves variously lobcd; the lateral leaves
nearly sessile : the under surface of the leaves and young branches to-
nietitose. Therrtrt'/npsare really axillary, but as the lower leaves com-
monly drop off, they apj)ear naked. Berries w hitc, larger than in the
preceding species.

Rare in tiie lower country ; very common in the pine barrens iu
the middle country.

Flowers April — May. Poison oak. Poison vine.

A mere contact with tliis or the preceding species (which perliapa
are but varieties of one plant). ])roduces distressing effects on per-
sons ot peculiar constitutions. The whole suface of the body becomes
inflamed, swollen and extremely painful, and in some instatices these
effects have continued for weeks. Dr. Jiarton informs us that tho
application of a solution of corrosive sublimate afforded in sucii casci
the speediest relief. I'he expressed juice ^f both the.-.*' plants rwadiiy
blisters the skin, which effect is followed by obstinate ulcers. The
juice which exudes on i)lucking the leafstalks from the stem of ^Jje
ii. radicans is a good indelible dye for marking lincti or cotton.

304!

rENTANDRiA TRIGYNIA.

9. Aromaticum.

R. foliis ternatis ; folio-
lis sessilibus,ovatorhom-
beis, inciso dentatis. to-
nientosis ; floribus dioicis.
Sp. pi. 1. p. 1483.

Mich. l.p. 184. Pursh, 1. p. 205.

A shrub 2 — 3 ? feet high ; the youns; branches tomentose. Leaflets
ovate, sometimes rhomboidal, coarsely toothed, and, with the petiole,
tomentose. Panicles compact, axillary. Floivers amentaceous. BtV'
Ties red.

Grows in the upper Districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers May — June.

Leaves tern ate ; leaf-
lets sessile, ovate rbom-
boidal, deeply toothed,
tomentose ; flowers di-
oicous.

VIBURNUM. Gen. pl. 503.

Calyx 5-partitus, supe.
rus. Corolla 0-fida. Dru-
pa l-sperma.

1. ACERIPOLIUM.

V. foliis trilobis, acii-
minatis, argute serratis ;
petiolis eglandulosis, pi-
losis. Sp. pl. l.p. 1489.

Mich. 1. p. 180. Pursh, 1. p. 203.

Leaves slightly cordate, pubescent underneath, when young some-
times undivided. Cymes on long poduncles. Berries black.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia. Athens ; Mr.
Green. " '

Flowers May-^June.

Calyx 5 parted, supe-
rior. Corolla 5 cleft.
Drupe 1 seeded.

Leaves 3 lobed, acumi-
nate, with sharp serra-
tures ; petioles without
glands, hairy.

2. Dentatum.

V. foliis ovatis, dentato-
serratis, plicatis ; fructi-
bus subglobosis. Pers. i
p. 3^6.

Leaves ovate, with large
serratures, plaited : fruit
nearly globose.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 1488. Walt, p, 116. Mich. 1. p. 179.

I'ENTANDHIV TRICYNIA.

305

A shrub fl — I."! fet^t luijli, l>ranclio« expanding, viigate, glabrous.
Cymvs lai;;o, teiiiiinal, nakf«i. VoroUa \\liitc.

^Viru's — a ; with ifavos ru'ailv round ovate, acute, glabrous ; fruit
noaily round. V. dentatum I'ursli.
b ; with loaves oval, acuuiiuate, hairj uitderneatli ; fruit obr
lon^. V. pubcscens. Purs*h.
Grows more exrlusively in swamps, and flowers earlier than any
other species. Var. a. in the muuiiUiins (Mich.) ; the othec» coininoa
>n the low country.

Flowers March — April.

3. Lentago.

V. glal)nini ; foliis lato-
ovaiis, acuniinatis, arij;ute
serratis, pctiolis niargiiia-
tis, iindulatis ; cymis ses-
silibus. Piirsli, i. p. iOl.

G1al)roiis ; leaves broad,
ovate, acuniinate, .sharply
senate ; petioles with
waved mai'gins ; cymes
sessile.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1491. Walt. p. IIG. Mich. 1. p. 178.

Sometimes arborescent. Leaves frequently oval, sometimes slight-
ly cordate, conspicuously acuminate. Petioles nearly an inch long^
Jierries black.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers

4. PRrNIFOI.IL'M.

V. foliis o)30vato-sul)-
rotundis oyaril)Usqiie, gla-
bris, argute serratis ; pe-
tiolis niarginatis. Sp. pi.
1. p. 1487.

Walt. p. 116. Mich. 1. p. 178

Leaves obovate, near-
ly round and oval, gla-
brous, sharply serrate ;
petioles winged.

Pursh,l. p. 201.

A shrub 8 — 15 feet his;h, branches virgate, glabrous. Leaves acute,
sl»inint:,fiaclj serrate. .S/i/;;//*'s inversely heart-shaped, serrulate. Cy-
ine^ larfje. Corolla white, larj::er than in t)ur otlier species, and the
plant altou;cther ornamental. Fruit oval, dark blue, eatable, known
by the name of sloes.

Grows in loose, drv rich soils.

Flowers April — May. Black-haw. Sloe.

5. Nf'UfM.

V. foiiis ovalibus, sub-
vugoeis, inarginc rcvolu-

Lcaves oval, somewhat
rugose, with the margins

365

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA^

lis, obsolete crenulatis. revolute, obscurely ere-
Sp. pi. 1. p. 1487. nulate.

Walt. p. 116. Mich. 1. p. 178. Pursh, 1. p. 201.

A shrub 4 — 12 fe^t high, the branches virgate, when young covered
with a ferruginous down, when old glabrous. Leaves, a?, in ilie whole
genus, opposite, petiolate, sli;iht!y acuminate, giabrou^^ on the upper
surface, beneath dotted, the veins and margins pubescent. Flowers
in naked terminal cymes. Pec?u/ic'es jointed, pubescent. Calijx \ery
small, white. Corolla 2 — 3 times as large as the calyx, white ; seg-
ments obtuse, reflected. Filaments almost twice as long as the co-
rolla, inserted into its tube. dntJiers nearly globose, 2 celled, yel-
low. Germ clothed with tlie tube of the calyx. Styles 0 ? Stigma
obscurely 3 parted. Drupe oval, blue, containing: a hard bony Seed.

Michaux mentions a variety in the mountains of Georgia with pe-
rennial leaves. In the lower country tlie leaves adhere to a late pe-
riod of the winter.

Grows in swauips, ponds, &c. Common.

Flowers April — May.

Glabrous ; leaves obo^
vate, creuate, dentate or
entire, obtuse ; cymes
sessile ; fruit Ovate, near-
ly round.

6. Obovatum. Walt.

V. glabrum ; tbliis obo-
vatis, crenatis, dentatis
seu integerriinis, obtusis ;
cymis sessilibus ; fructi-
bus ovato-subrotundis.
Pursh, l.p. 201.

Walt. 1. p. 116.

V. cassinoides. Mich. 1. p. 1/9 ^

Shrub 4 — 8 feet high ; branches virgate. Leaves wedge shaped,
obovate, obscurely crenulate, sometimes entire, crowded nenr the
cymes? the lower leaves more obovate, the upper lanceolate, the un-
der surface and peduncles covered with glandular punctures.

Grows along the margins of rivers. Very common about the ter-
mination of tide water.

Flowers April — Aiay.

7. Cassinoides.

V. glabrum ; foliis ova-

Glabrous ; leaves ovate

tO'lanceolatis, utrinque a- j lanceolate, acute at each
cXitis, crenatis, margine | end, crenate, with the

rENTAKnniA ttiicynia.

8G7

inarpjiiis slightly rcvolute;
petioles keeled, without
glanJs.

subrcvolutis ; i)eti(>lis
carinatis, eglan<Uilosis.
Piirsh, i. |). :i()i>.

Sp.pl. I. p. 1491.

The lower leaves olxivate, the next ovitc, the upper lanceolate.
I.inn. //rrri>> hliiei^h Mack. Ptirsh. U .ippears to ine very proba*
t>ic that tliis a. 1(1 the precedinj; f pecies arc the same plant.
Grows ill s^anips.

Flowers May — June.

Leaves lanceolate,
smooth, remotely ser-
rate, entire at base.

8. L.EVIGATUM }

V. foliis lanccolatis.lfe-
\ibus, remote scrratis,
baslintcgerrimis. Sp.pl.
1. p. 141)2.

Pursh, 1. p. 302.

Shrub 2 "4 feet hij^h, much branched and more (liffuse than usual
in this genus ; branciiei glabrous, but spiinklod with a brown excroa-
cence resembling tluat- Leaves sniall, nearly sessile, cuneat*;, obo-
vatc or lanceolate, near the summit (le'i/atc, i,M:ibrous, lu. id on the
upjjtr surface, the under dotted and sprinkled with ferruginous dust.
Cymes Hmall, nearly sessile. Corolla white, /"'i/amenfs much shorttr
than the corolla.

I refer the plant before me, with some hesitation, to the V. Ipeviga-
tu:n. The •• Folia petiolata, lato-Ianceolata" of Linnteus, by no
means apply to it, thou<j;li in othtT point* tliey ajree.

Kare t(» me Found near the old Club-bouse, between AshepoT)
and Combahec rivers, in dry soils.

Flowers March — April.

9. NiriDUM.

V. glaberrimum ; folii.s
lin^ari-lanceolatis, suj)ra
nitidis, obsolete serratis
ifUcgrisvc ; rainis tctra-
gonis. Pursh, i. p. 202.

Sp.pl. 1. p. 1492.

A low bhnib with small leawi.
Grows in samly barren woods,
Flowers

I Very i;labrous ; leaves
I linear lanceolate, shining
I on the upper surface, ob-
I scurely serrate or enth'e ;
I branches 4 angled.

Pursh.
in Carolina and Georgia. Pursh.

^868

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

SAMBUCUS. Gen. pl. 505.

Calyx 5 parted. Co-
rolla 5 cleft. Berry 3
seeded.

Stipules wanting ; cymes
5 parted ; leaves gene-
rally bipinnate ; leaflets
oblong oval, shining, gla-
brous ; stem shrubby. .

Calyx 5.partitus. Co-
rolla 5-fida. Bacca 3-
sperma.

1. Canadensis.

S. stipulis nullis ; cymis
tfuinquepartitis ; ibliis
sub-bipinnatis ; foliolis
oblongo-ovalibus, nitidis,
glabris ; caulefrutescente.
Pers. 1. p. 328.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 1494. Walt. p. 116. Mich. l.p. 181. Pursh, 1. p. 203.

Shrub 8 — 15 feet high, the branches glabrous, thickened at each
joint, slightly furrowed ; the young branches sometimes virgate.
Leaves pinnate, sometimes bipinnate ; leaflets acutely serrate, with
a long acumination ; the terminal leaf frequently obovate. Ccih/x
small, white. Corolla somewhat rotate ; segments oval, revolute.
filaments shorter than tiie corolla, inserted into its tube. Jinthers
incumbent, yellow. Ger'm inferior. Style 1, thick, ventricose.
Stigma obtuse, 3 cleft. Berry globose, black.

Grows in wet grounds, swamps, &c. Common.

Flowers April — July.

g. PUBESCENS.

S, cyma subracemosa ;
cortice subverrucosa ; fo-
liis terminalibus quinatis ;
foliolis ovali-lanceolatis,
subtus pubescentibus.
Pers. 1. p. 3i5>8.

Pursh, 1. p. £04.

S. pubens, Mich. 1. p. 181.

A small shrub. Leaflets oblong, acuminate, sometimes by sevens
on the sterile branches ; a small leaf frequently occurs at the base
of a leaflet, like a small lobe that had separated from it. Cymes
crowded, racemose. Berries red. Mich.

Grows among the highest mountains of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers June — July,

Cymes racemose ; bark
somewhat roughened
with tubercles ; tern dnal
leaves by lives ; leaflets
oval lanceolate, pubes-
cent underneath.

■PBNTANOUIA TRICYNIA.

S69

STAPHYLEA. Gcn. n,. 507.

Cahi.r iiilri'us, ;"» -parti -
tus. I\'tal(i 5. Cupsnlic
inflatjT, connatse. JS^uces
2, i^lobosre cum cicatrice.

Cuhjr interior, 5 park-
ed. Petals .7. Capsules
inllatcd, connate. JSuls
;2, globose, marked wiih
a cicatiice.

Leaves trifoliate ; ra.
cemcs pendulous ; pctaU
ciliatc near tlic base.

i. TuiFOIJV.

S. t'oliis trifoliatis ; ra-
ccnjis pendulis ; pctalis
inrcrne ciliatis. Puihli, 1.
p. 2015.

Sp. pi. 1. p. M9S. Walt. p. 116. Mich. 1. p. 184.

A shrub 6—12 fctt hisjh ; the branches generally erect, ter»»t<v,
smooth. Leaves opposite, trifoliate ; leaflets ovate lanceolate, acu-
minate, sorriiliit»s on tl»e upper surface sparingly, on tlie lower dcnse-
\y pubescent. Flowem in a terminal, pi'iululous panicle composed of
op!)osite fascicles. Cnhj.v deeply J parted; seijments o vail, obtuse
Petalii ob vate, a litte lonijer than (he caiyXr ciliatc near the base. iii»
serted on the fjena. Filaments as lon^r as t!.c prtaJN and alternatiii;«;
with them. .i/j^/tfTS incumbent Yellow ^erm superior, ovate, hairy.
fitijles 3, sli^htlv coht-rinj;, hairy at buse. .S'/j'sfma capitate. Cap
stile lar<;e, intlattMl.S celled, or 3 cap<<tiU'S roheriiij^ on the inner side j
each Cfll or capsuh' acimiiiate, opeiiin-^ en tlie inner side, containin;;
C ^l<)!)u!ar tiuts, polished, a little compreiitied, witii au oblique summit
i :t>t above tlje cicatrice.

Grows common near Columbia; Mr. Herbemont. Rare ia the luwr
©ountrv.

Fiowcre March — April.

TURNER A. Ckn. il. 5 14.

Cnhfx inferus, .3-tidns,
infiindil)ulirui mis : exteri-
or diphylUi-:. Pctala 5,
calyci in^crta Sligvwla
iMultilida. i'apsula i-Io-
«uiaris, a-valvi^.

Cafi/x infeiio!', 5 cleft
funnel shaped ; the exte-
rior ^ leaved. Petals 5,
inserted on the caivx.
stigmas many tlcft. CV/;;-
sule 1 celled, ^ vulvcd.

Y 2

370 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

1. CiSTOIDES ?

T. pedunculis axillari- | Peduncles axillary, leaf-
bus, aphyllis ; foliis apice less ; leaves serrate near
serratis. Sp. pi. l.p. 1505. | the summit

Pursh, 1. p. 206.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 12— 18 inches high, simple, very
hairy, hairs rufous. Leaves alternate, oval, obtuse, crenate, hairy,
unilerneath almo8t hoary, 1 inch long, 5 — 6 lines wide, nearly sessile.
flowera solitary ; peduncles about an inch long, hairy, towards the
summit jointed, sometimes geniculate. Calyx somewhat persistent.
FetaU obovate, yellow, almost transparent. Filaments half as long
as the corolla, inserted into the base of the germ. Jinthers sagittate.
Germ superior, ovate, villous. Styles shorter than the stamens.
CapsuU globose, villous. Seeds reniform, dotted, attached to the
margins of the valves. I have never seen in this species an exterior
calyx.

First noticed by the late Dr. Brickell, of Savannah, growing on the
eommon around that city ; common on the south side of the ParachU''
da Savannah, near the Sisters Ferry.
■Flowers June — September.

LEPUROPETALON. E.

Calyx 5 parted. Pe-
tals 5, resembling scales,
inserted into the calyx.
Capsule fiee near the
summit, i celled, i valv-
ed.

Calyx 5-partitus. Pe-
tola 5, squamseformJa, ca-
lyci inserta. Cap^ula su-
perne libera, i-locularis,
3-valvis.

1. Spathulatum.

Pyxidanthera spathulata, Muhl. Cat.

Plant annual, glabrous. Stem erect and procumbent, somewhat
succulent, slightly angled, brandling from the base, forming little
hemispherical tufts about half an inch in diameter. Leaves alternate,
sessile, spathulate -lanceolate, obtuse, entire. FZotfers solitary, ter-
minal. Calyx persistent, large for the size of the plant, clothing the
germ with its tube ; segments ovate, obtuse. Petals very small, like
scales, ovate, white, inserted at the fissures of the calyx, persistent.
Filaments scarcely as long as the petals, inserted between them.
Anthers erect, nearly round, 2 celled, yellow. Germ slightly ang-
led, free above, truncate, furrowed. Styles very short, when young
cohering at base. Stigmas simple. Capsule 3 valved at the summit.
Se^ds numerous, oval, dotted, attached to the inflected margin of the
valves.

Found in Chatham county, Georgia ; Silk Hope ; Vail Ombrosa ;
recently near Savannah, by Dr. Baldwin. Grows in close seils.

Fl«wer& March— April,

rENTANDllIV TETRAGYNIA.

sri

SAROTHRA.

Cali/x il-partitus. Co-
Tolla 5 pitula. Capsula
l-loculari<, ;3-valvis5 co-
lorata.

1, Gentianoides.

Califx 5 parted. Ce^
rolla 5 petalled. Ca/v
side 1 celled, d valvedg
coloured.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1515.

Hypericum niulicaule? AValt. p. 190.

Hypericum sarotlira, Midi. 2. p. 79. Pursli, 2. p. 578.

Annual .•* Stem 8 — 12 iucIum hi^li. erect, glabrous, hrancliing from
the viTv base. (Lower [earl's somewhat ovate, Walt.) ; stem leave*
opposite, small, subulate, like stipules. Flowers solitary, axillary,
nearly sessile. C'nlt/x persistent ; segments subulate. I'etah oval,
ii?.rro\v, obtuse, yellow, lon'j;er than the calyx. FUamcnts an loug a«
the corolla. CapsiilF oblon;^, acute.

A e;enus very nearly allied to Hypericum.

Grows in damp soih.

Flowers July — Septeuiber.

TETMGYXIA.

k V%^ V^'^ v^v

PARXASSIA. Gen. pl. 553.

Cahjx 5-partitus. Pe-
lala 5. J^rdarla 5, cor-
data, ciliata, apicibiis ^\n-
bosis. Capsida 4-valvis,
2-loeularis.

1. Cauolini.\na.
p. tbiiis radicalibiis 1
suborbiculatis ; ncctariis
trisetis. Micb. 1. p. lai.

Purah, 1. p. 208.

Perennial. Radical It'nvex cordate, nearly eircular, sometimes
reniform, entire, obtuse, glabrotjs, 5 — 7 nerved, on petioles 2 — S
inches lonj; ; stem leaves se.ssile, resemblinc; those of the root. Stem
12 — 13 inches high, fclightly anglcil, I flowered. Calyx small, 5

Cal]/x 5-parlcd. F^-
tals 5. M'ctaries 5, cor-
date, ciliate, globose at
tbe suninut. Capsule 4
valved, 2 celled.

Radical leaves nearly
orbicular ; nectaries with
3 bristles.

375

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

parted (5 leaved ?) ; segments oval, 3 ribbed, with a membranons
iiiar«nn. Corolla much larger, whitt*, petals oval or ovate, marked
with 5— r distinct green nerves and a sculptured niaigin near the
base. Aectaries 3 parted, each division tenninatinji in an awn near-
ly as long as the corolla. Jnlaments very short. Anthers sagittate.
tityles siiort.

Grows near Columbia. S. C. Mr. Herbcmont. Near the summit of
the Alleghany mountains ; Dr. Macbri^le.

Flowers July — l?eptember.

2. AsARTPOLiA. Ventenat.

Radical leaves reniv
form ; petals clawed ; nee.-,
tarics 3 cleft.

V. foliis radicalil)us re-
niforniihus ; petalis un-
quiculatis ; Fiectariis tiifi-
dis. Vent. Mai. 3y.t. 3y.

Pursh, 1. p. 208.

Leaves and flowers larger than those of the preceding species
J*ursh.

Grows on the highest mountains of Virginia and Carolina,^
Flowers July — August.

VWW^WVW^/WVW wxwvwv

PEXrAGYNll

Vk/«JX/V^ %/v« wvw% vwvwwvvw

ARALIA. Gen. pl. 525.

Tnvolucrum umbellulge.
Calyx .^-flentatus, siipe-
rus. Corolla 5-petala.
Bucca 5.sperma.

Umbels witli small in-
volucnmis. Calyx 5
tootlied, superior. Carol'
la 5 j)etalled. Berry ^
seeded.

)ranched, umbels

4. SpiNOs\.

A. arl)oiesccns ; caide
foliisque aculeatis ; paiii-
cula raruosissiina. umbcl-
lis racemosis. Feis. l.
p. 334>.

Sp. pi. I. p. 1520, Walt. p. 1 17. Mich. I. p. 186. Pursh, 1. p. 209,

Root perennial: shooting tip many straight, shrubby, unbrancliing
items naked and prickly (not spiuous) below, with tlie leaves crowd-

Arboresoent ; stem and
leaves j)ri(:kly ; panicle
mucb
racemose.

rn NT AND HI A Pr.NTACYWl \.

878

»<1 at the stimmlt nf (lie stems, liko t!if pahn trees. Lenfe^ Upui-
tiat'' ; loanots ovate, acuniitiati-, sli:j;litly cieiiHtf, glaucous under-
nratli, aiitl simuMvliat piil)»'-*reiit ; common prtiolci* 2 — 3 feet lon-^,
j'Mtitod, c'lanuflK'd, homeiirU" :* prickly. I'uuiclea terminal, very
la>"i;e, branr'ios terminatifii; in small umbel* or fasriili-s 1j — 20
flowered I'etnls «»val, wliife, reflecti-d, caducous, much Ioniser tliau
calyx. Fdntufttts I .njjer tlian the petals. Jhif/irrn incumlient, white.
Germ depressed. Stifles 5. s .<»! t. .SV/^-inrrs obtuse, coiiuiveiit.

Grows in the richest soils, wherever they are not troriuently in-
un<lati'd.

Flowers June — Aujrust. rricUi/-ash.

A watery infusion of the b.irk of the fresh root is botli emetic and
•athartic, an<l is pro!)ably to be preferred to anv emetic vet discov-
ered amoni; our native plants. A tjum-resinous extract, wliich is de-
cidedly cathartic, may be prepared by boilini; the root in water.
The active pioperties seem to be much weakened fiom drvinj the
root This plant, though cliielly employed as an emetic, lias also
sotne reputati'Mi as a reniedy in those rheumatic and cutaneous alVeC'
tions amoii:;- neirroes wliich are supjjOaed to have a svphilitic orisiin.
In cases of the bite of the rattlesnake, the decoction or infusion of t!ie
fresh root is ^iven in sullicicnt quaulities to occasion vomiting;, and
in such cases it appears to ilcserve more attention than most other
remedies.

2. Racemosa.

A. caiilq hcrbaceo, Lt-
\i ; foliis docomposlti"^,
glabris ; pedunciilis axil-
larii)us, ramosis, uiiil)cl-
lalis. Sp. pi. I. p. 1.321.

Stem Iicihaccous,
smooth ; leaves tleconi-
j)Ountl, ji;lal)rous ; pedun-
cles axillary, branching,
Ijcarinii; umbels.

INIich. l.p. 185. Pursh, I. p. 209.

Herbaceous, with wide spreading branches. Leaves three parted,
with the divi>ions .1 — 5 leaved : leaflets ovate, acuminate, acutely
serrate, frequently cordate, with t!;e petioles and stem pubescent^.
sometimes hairy. .Vxillary branches leify, bearing; many umbels j tei-
niinal brandies paniculate, without leaves. Mich.

(irows in the mountains. IJr. -Macbiidc.

Flowers Spike-nard.

The root in the form of decoction is a much esteemi'd remedy for
ciicuniatism ainon<; tlie inhabitants of the mountains of this state.

8. NrnicAt'Lis.

A. swbaca'ili-;. uniroli- j Nearly slctn!e.^>. I)v.-Lir-
ata, folio tiifjuiuato; I'o- | in^ one leaf, leal" triquin-

S74

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

liolis oblongo-ovalibiis ;
scapo nudo, folio brevi-
ore ; umbellidis paucis.

ate ; leaflets oblong oval ;
scape naked, shorter thaa
the leaf j umbels few.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1521.

Pursh, i. p. 309.

Mich. 1. p. 185.

Stem very short, or rather none. Leaves 2, decompound, witli long
petioles. Leaves 3 parteil, the divisions pinnate, bearing 5 pair of
leaflets. Scape shooting from between the leaves, 3 cleft or bear-
ing 3 small umbels. Linn.

Grows in shaded, rocky soils, in the mountains. Pursh*

Flowers May—- June.

STATICE. Gen. pl. 527.

Califx 1 leaved, entire,
plaited, scariose. Petals
Seed 1, superior.

o.

Scape panicled, terete ;
leaves smooth, without
nerves, ujidalate, mucro-
natc below the summit.

Calyx l-phy!lus, inte-
ger, plicatus, scariosus.
Pctala 5. Semen 1, su-
perum.

1. LlMONlUM ?

S. scapo paniculato,
tereti ; foliis Irevibus, en-
erviis, undulatis, sub apice
mucronatis. Pers. 1. p.

Sp-Y^. I- P- 1525.

Statice Caroliniana, Walt. p. 118. Pursh, 1. p. 212.

Root perennial, thick, woody, scaly near the surface of the
ground. Radical leaves somewhat obovate, entire, obtuse, emargi-
nate, with a minute point bent underneatli, narrowed at base to a
long petiole ; stem leaves, a few scales embracing the stem and the
base of the branches. Panic e composed of spikes with the flowers
pointing one way (secun !). Involucrum 3 leaved, 2 flowered ; the
2 lover leaves lanceolate, mucroiiate, mcmbranaceons ; the upper
rounded, coloured, with the margin scarious j the interior flower has
also a 2 leaved, membranaceous involucrum. Calyx 10 toothed, hairy
at base, the teeth alternately very minute ; calyx and involucrum
persistent. Petals lon-j^er than the calyx, obovate, blue. Filaments
shorter than the corolla, attached to the base of the petals. Jinthers
incumbent, dark purple. Germ superior, 5 angled. Styles shorter
than the stamens. Stigmas thickened. Seed oblong, angled, trun-
cate, covered by the calyx.

Grows among the rushes along the sea shore.

Flowers July — October. Marsh Rosemary.

The root is very astringent, and is used by many of the most re-
spectable physicians of the Middle and Eastern States instead of
Kino or any other vegetable astringent. A deeoctioM of the root as
a wash in ulcerous sore throat is an old family prescription.

PENTANDKl V PENTAGYNIA.

37f

LINUM.

Cob/x 5.pliyllus. Pr- I Cahfx 5 leaved. Pe^
tahi 5. Capsula 5-valvis, I tnU 5. Capsule 3 valved,
10-locularLs. Seni'uia so- ! lO-ccUcd. Seeds solita-

litaria.

1. VlUGINlANUM.

L. foliolis calycinis a-
eutis ; puiiicula terniina-
li, lU)ril)us remote alter-
nis ; i'oliis lincari-lanceo-
lalis, sparsis, radical ibus
ovatis. Pursli, i. p. 5io.

ly.

Leaves of the calyx a-
cule : panicle terminal,
with tlic tlowcrs lemote-
ly altciiiate ; lea\es li-
near lanceolate, those
near the root ovate.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1538. Walt. p. 117. Mich. 2. p. 36.

Annual. Stem C — 3 feet hij^li, simple near the base, much divided at
the summit. Leaves scattered, sometimes opposite. Flowers i'orm-
inj; racemes along the branches. Corolla yellow, small. Capsule
Dearly globose.

Grows in liijht soils.

flowers May — June. *

DROSERA.

Cahfx 5-fidus. PcfnJa
§. Capsi/fa 1-locularis,
apice o-valvis. iSemina
pi mi ma.

1. RtrrUNDlFOTJ A.

D. scapis .^implicibus ;
foliis orbiculatis. ba.si at-
teuuatis ; petiolis clonga-
tis, pilosis. Pursh, 1. p.
210.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1543. AValt. p. 118

Cabjx 5 cleft. Prtnh
,"5. Capsule 1 celk'd, at
the .summit 5 valved.
Seeds numerous.

Scapes simple ; leaves
orbicular, tapering at
i)ase ; petioles
hairy.

Mich. 1. p. 186.

long,

Annual. Stem 0. Leaves all radical, lying flat on the ground
and forming a circle abnut an inch and an half in diametor, nbovate,
•wedge shapetl, rounded at the summit, tinged with a rufcms colour,
covered with stiff rufous hairs, each of which exudes from its jioint a
drop of fluid, which by its viscidity detains and destroys small iiiKCcts.
This Quid never appearit to fall from the liairs, bat is secreted nearl/

376

TENTANDIITA POL.YGYNIA.

in proportion to its evaporation, and the secretion is supposed to be
greatest in dry clear weather ; hence the Drosera has acquired the
popular name o( Sundew. )Scajo<>s 2— S inches high. Flowers 9.- -5^
on short pedicels. Corolla white. The calyx and scape have the
same reddish hue that distinguishes the leaves.

The brevifolia, of Pursh, is probably only a variety of this species,

Grows in damp soils, bogs, ike.

Flowers April. Sundem.

S. LONGIFOLIA.

D. scapis simplicibus ; 1 Scapes simple ; leaves-
foliisspathulato-obovatis; j spathulate obovate ; pe-
petiolis eloiigatis, uudis. j tioles long, naked.
Pursh, 1. p. Sil. I

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1544.

Grows from Canada to Carolina in situations similar to tlie pre^
©eding.
Flowers June— July.

3. FonosA. E.

D. caulescens ; foliis
eonfertis, ovali!)us, basi
cuneatis ; petiolis longis-
simis, nu'lis. E.

Bearing a stem ; leaves
crowded, oval, wedge
sliaped at base, on long
naked petioles.

Stem 4~ 6 inches high, perhaps creeping, terete, a little hairy, un-
divided .^ Leaves crowded, oblong, small, hairy, as in the other species
of this genus, tapering at base ; peticdes slender, without hair, 2 — 3
inches long, with subulate stipules at their base. The flowers I havft
not seen

Found by Dr. Macbride, in the vallies among the sa»d hills ui
Ches'erfield district, South-Carolina.

Mlov/Hrs

IVW W* WVV%^'VWV'\/V w\ vw

POLYGYXIA.

:|k/v% A/v\ •w\.'x/v\ 'W\ <w\ -w\ fx/vx

Calijx
Kectaria

0.
5,

ZANTHORHIZA.

Petala 5.
pedicellata.

Cu^sul(E 5^ monospermse. j Capsules 5, cue geedecL

Calyx 0. Petals 5,
Sectaries 5, pedicellate.

VENTANDRIA POLYGYNlA. 377

4. AlMirOLIA.

Sp. i.l. 1. p. 15G8. Midi. 1. p. IS'). Pursli, 1. p. 212.

A slirub '2 — .1 feet hii^'i, beariii:; many siickeis. Stftn simple, tht
bark smooth, iilabroiis, \v<»oil \elluw. Leaves crowdcil at the suiii'iiit
of the stem, tiiternatc ; leallets sessile, lanceolate, acute, douhlv in-
cised, the upper surface glabrous, the under ami mar«;iti pubescent ;
petioles G — 8 inches Ion:;, dilatetl and amplexicaule at ba>e. t'laic-
ers in compound racemes below the leaves, hlals oblon:;, <lark pur-
ple. tVfclaries obovate, two lobed, dark purple, alternating with the
petals and about lialf their length, h'itnwfnts short. .1nllt>'rs iiicum-
benL Gprno generally 5, sometimes nioro (7 — I I, Schr.) superior,
compressed, slii^htly incurved, terminating in sl\ort styles. Stii^'nas
siujplc. ('apsides as many as the style.i, inllated, compressed, 1
celled, ii valved, opening at the oblique sununit. Seed oblong, com-
pressed.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina, near the mountains.

Flowers March — April. Yellow root.

The root is extremely bitfer, and has been used as a substitute for
Tolumbu. It also yields plentifully a yellow colouring matter.

CLASS VL

HEXANDRIA.

Moxoarmd.

TRIGTKM.

504.

TILLANDSIA.

230

RUMEX.

S05.

TRADESCANTIA.

231.

NECTRIS.

206.

PONTRDERIA.

232.

TKTGLOCTIIN.

SOT.

PAN RATI UM,

233.

MELANTHIUM

ft08.

AMARYLLIS.

234.

VERATRUM.

S09.

ALLIUM.

235.

ZIGADENUS.

SIO.

LILIUM.

236.

MELON IAS.

211.

ERYTHRONIUM.

237.

TOFIRLDIA*

212.

UVULARI \.

238.

NOHNA.

213.

STREPTOPUS.

259.

MEDEOLA.

214.

POLYGON VTUM.

240.

TKILLIUM.

215.

SMILACLXA

241.

SABAL.

216.

CON V ALL ARIA.

242.

CHAM^ROP»»

217.

HYPOXIS.

218.

ORNITHOGALUM,

TETRAGYJ^IJL

219.

ALETRIS.

220.

ASPARAGUS.

243.

SAURURUS.

221.

YUCCA.

222.

AGAVE.

UEXAGYA'^M.

223.

CONOSTYLIS,

224.

ACORUS.

244.

WENDLANDU,

225.

ORONTIUM.

226.

JUNCUS.

FOLYGYJ^U.

227.

CAULOPHYLLUM.

228.

DIPHYLLEIA.

245.

ALISMA,

^9.

BERBERIS.

«A/WWWV JWVW W ■

TILLANDSIA.

Calyx 8-fidus, persis-
tens, siibconvolutus. Co-
rolla s-fida, campanulata.
Capsula 1 — 3 locularis.
lamina comosa.

Calyx 3 cleft, persis*
tent, somewhat convo-
lute. Corolla 3 cleft, cam^.
panulate. Capsule 1 — 3
celled. Seeds crowned
with a tuft of hair.

HEtVNDRiA MONOCYT^A.

drft

1. USNEOIDES.

T. peduiiculis i.floris,
brevibus ; caule rainoso,
ijliformi, llcxuoso pcii-
dulo ; tbliis siiI)uliito lili-
lorinibus. Pcrsoon, i. p.
31(5.

Sp.pl. 2. p. 1.5. Walt. p. 1 19.

Peduncles 1 flowered,
sliort ; stem l)ranchingi
filifv)!*!!!, flexuous, pendu-
l()ii« ; leaves subulate, lili-
fonn.

Mich. 1. p. 195. Pursh, 1. p. 217,

PcriMinial, parasitical, takin:; root iti the fi>.surcsof the bark of trees.
Stem Inn;;, coveie«l ami somewhat r(»U!;nened as well as the leavct
with inemhraiiaccous scales dottLMJ in the cetitre ; the centre of th*
stem and leaves composed of a tilifurm, black, horny tliread, resein-
blini; the internal structure of the Gor^^oai.i and otlier zojphytei.
leaves like the stem, nearly terete. Fluiccnt solitary, axillary, ses-
sile, viih S or 4 small leaves surroundin;; their base. Caiij.v and co»
rolla divided nearly to the base ; segments lauceolne, membranaceous,
of the same len2;th. Filaments if shorter than the corolla, and in»
scrted between the 9e;;mciiti. Anthers erect. Germ superior, ob»
lon^. Style half as Ions; as the stamens. Utigma obtuse, 3 cleft.
Capsule nearly cylindrical, 2 — 3 celled, the cells separating whea
mature, and opening; on t!ic interior side. Seeds several (3 to 9) Ik
eacii coll, oblong, acute at each end, crowned with a long tuft of hair.

Grows on every tree in the low country.

Flowers through the summer. Lcmg mofi9.

Black cattle cat this plant in winter with avidity, and sometimes
rees are felled thuins; a series of severe frosts to place the moss with-
in their reach. The moss, when dried, is beaten until the bark falls
•ft' and the cartilac;i!ious hair-like fltxible item used for btuflin^ mat-'
tresses, chairs, &.c.

2. B.VRTRAMir. E.

T. foliis subulatis, ca-
naliculatis, ])riiin')sis, c-
rccti:?, basi dilatatis carti-
lai^iiicisquc ; scapo sim-
plici foliis brcviorc, sum-
niitate billoro. E.

Leaves «u])ulate, chan^
nellcd, hoary, erect, di-
lated and cartilaginous at
base ; scape simple, shor-
ter than the leaves, S
flowered at the summit.

Tillandsia monostachya ? Bartram's Travels, p. 59.

Hoot fibrou?, insinuating itself into the bark and decaved wood of
•Id tree:*. Leavet about a foot Ions, subul.ite, or scmitcrete, chan-
nellc<l on the inner side, covered witl» wliitlsli leprous scales. Spike
simple, leafy ; the upper leaves lancc(»late, acuminate, imbricate, lug-
ged at base with piuk, tht labt beaxiug iu iU bonwrn tw« Moweftj.

880

HRXVNDRTA MONOGYNIA.

This is most prob.ibly the Tillandsia seen by Baitram near the
Alatamaha. It )ias lately been discovered again by Lewis Le Conte,
Esq. in Liberty county, Georgia, growing on old trees in the Mortar
hwamp, to whom 1 am indebted for fine specimens, which however
had only bejiun to bud. It appears to me, as it did to Mr. Le Conte,
to differ from any species described in Persoon, tlie latest authoritjr
to which we could refer

It resembles more the figure in Sloan, No. 122, fig. 1, than his fig-
ure of the rerurvata, ISo. 121, fig. 1.

Flowers June.

3. Hecurvata.

T. foliis subiilalis, re-
nii-vatis ; scapo setaceo
foliis longiore, summitate
sub-bifloro. Puish, i. p.

8p. pi 2 p. 15.

I insert this species from Pursh, who describes it as a parasitic
plant, growinij on old trees in Georgia and Florida, fornung small
tufts and covered with leprous scales, as the preceding species.
hiuwevb purple.

TRADESCANTIA. Gen. pl. 543.

Leaves subulate, re-
curved ; scape setaceous,
longer than the leaves,
at the summit generally
;3 flowered.

Cahjx S-phyllus. Pe-
tain 8. Filameiita \illis
articuJatis. Capsula 3-
locularis.

\. ViKGlNICA.

y. ere eta, subramosa ;
foliis jonge lanceolatis,
canaliciilatis ; florilnis ca-
pitulatis, capiiulis sessili-
bus. K.

Sp pl.2. p. 16. Mich. 1. p. 193.
T. cristata, Walt. p. 1 19.

CalijX 3 leaved. P^-
tals^. Filame?its xiWouSy
with jointed hair. Cap-
sule 3 celled.

Erect, branching; leaves
long, lanceolate, channel-
led ; flowers in heads,
heads sessile,

Pursh, 1. p. 218.

l^fot perennial, creeping. Stem herbaceous, succulent, glabrouSi
striate, 2 feet high, sometimes branching. Leaves sessile, long, chan-
nelled, glabrous, when young ciliatc, sprinkled with elevated dots,
embracing, and the lower sheathing the stem. Flowers in terminal
beads, which appear to he divided, and the flowers ia 3 rows in

Ur.\*\NI)UlA MONOCYNIA.

^Ri

^ach <livision ; (he interior or upp«T flowers first open. Leaves of the
«/Mv»/i(iT»Hi ~, ioHi-in'tiii»ir tlie «»tl)er Il'hvi'h ; pedicels I inch lono-.
Haly.v persistent. Pftal> ovate, twice as l«mi; as the calyx, purple or
rose coloiircil. expaiuiiri<«; in the luorninir, and before nooii witherin"-.
Filaments shorter tliaii tlie coro la, m.sertt'd at the bu^e of tlie germ,
bc.iutifiilly leathered with joiiite«< down of the same colour as the pe-
tals, ^'inthers incumbent, crescent shaped, yellow. Germ superior,
3 atif^led. Stijh as lonji^ as tlie stamens. Sli^ma small, capitate.
Ciip^iilf somewhat 3 an-^led, 3 celled, 3 valvcd. Heeds 2? in each
cell, compres«<cd, aMj:;led.

Grows siiaiiii;;ly in the low country, glabrous ; sent to me from
Pendleton, by .Messrs. Perry and llrowii, hairy, and with ciliatc leaves
and involucruin.

Flowers April — June.

Erect, simple ; leaves
linear lanceolate ; head
Oil peduncles.

218.

S. RofiEA. Mich.

T. erecta, simplex ;
foliis lineari-hmceolalis ;
capitiilis pcdiinculalis. E.

- Mich. 1. p. 193. Pursh, 1. p.
T. Virginica, Walt, p 119.

Perennial, cespitose. Stem S — 12 inches high, succulent, simple.
Leaves at their base sheathing the stem, channelled, glabrous, dotted,
hairy at the throat, when young ciliate. Fluwers in a terminal capi-
tuluin on a peduncle 3 — 4 inches lontr, which perhaps is correctly only
the last joint of the stem; pedicels scarcely an inch long. Caly.ir
glabrous, leaves lanceolate, spotted. Petals 3 times as long as tlie
calyx, of a bright rose colour. iSferf one m each cell, round on one
side, angled on the other.

This is a much smaller species than the preceding, and if it does
not creep wouM form a beautiful border plant for the beds in a flow-
er irarden. Grows in most soils, which are moderately fertile.

Flowers May — August. •

PON lEDERlA. Gen. pl. .545.

Corolla 1-petala, O-fi la,
bilal/iata. Staminn 3 a-
pice sive tiibocorollie in-
sei ta. Capsula 3-locula-
ris.

Corolla 1 petal! ed, 6
cleft, 2 lipped. 3 Sta-
mens inserted on the
summit or tul)e of the
corolla. Capsule 3 colled.

383

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Leaves coi'date ; flow-
ers ill crowded spikes.

1. Cor? DATA.

P. foliis cordatis; flo-
ribus conferiis, spicatis.
Sp. pi. 2. p. 2S.

Walt. p. 120. Mich. 1. p. 193. Piirsh, 1. p. 223.

Perennial, cespitose. Stem 0. Lpaves radical, cordate, obtuse,
entire, niembraiiaceous, very jjlabrous ; petioles 2 feet long, succu-
lent, sheathin;^- at base the interior leaves: the central petiole jointed,
and produritig from a fissure above the joint the spike of flowers.
Spikfi crowded, buds? 3 — 6 flowered; common peduncle clothed
Avith transparent jointed iiair. Cnrntla vilbms on the outer surface,
blue, the upper lip 3 parted to its base, the lower with a j-ellow spot
in the centre and 3 cleft at the summit. Filnments 6 — 3 at the base
of the tube of the corolla, apparently attached to the lower lij), 3 at
the summit of the tube attach.ed to the upper lip; all short. Jinthera
erect, blue ; pollen yellow. Germ superior, obovatc, furrowed. Style
z> long as tiie corolla. Stigma obtuse. {Seed several in each cell.
Linn.i

Grows in bojs and ditches.

Flowers April — .September. Wampee,

L.ANciFOLrA. Miild
f'oiiis obloDgo IcUice-
fljribus spicatis.

Cat.

Leaves oblong lanceo-
late ', flowers in spikes*

2.

P.
olatis
E.

From the preceding species this only differs in the leaves, wl\ich are
"when young linear lanceolate, when old somewhat ovate ; the spike
is produced in the same manner, but is smaller, arising probably from
the comparative sterility of the soil in which usually ^rows.

Although it is now many years since I first noticed this plant grow-
ing aroui^d the pine barren ponds in Chatham county, Georgia, I feel
jet a doubt whether it is more than a variety of the P. cordata.

Flofters May — June.

PANCRATIUM. Gen. pl. 5j1.

Corolla supera, infundi-
bulilbriiiis, tubo longo.
JVtctarium i3-fidiim.
Stamina nectario impo-
sita.

Corolla suj)erior, fun-
nel shaped, with the tube
long. JVectary i^ clelt
Stamens placed on the
nectary.

jiEXANrmrA monugvnia.

38g

1. ISfETlCANrM ?

V. spalha suh.lifloia ;
foliis ol)lon2:o-lanG(.olalis ;
nectarii dciitilnis srx
staminilVris, intcrnirdiis
siniplicibus. Sp. [)\. l.p.

Walt. p. 120. Mich. 1. p. 188

Spatlic ji;cncrally 2
flowci I'd ; leaves ()i)longj
lanceolate ; six teeth of
the nectary heariup; the
vtanuMis, six iuteiiiicdiate
simple.

l\irsli,l. p. 221.

Jtnut Imlb-Mis. Leaves Innj;, s*ra|i sh.ipcd, ratlier obtuse, somewhat
succulent, ^l^hrous. Scape 18-24 inchos Uin<r, iicneiallr 2 flowered
in its native snils, when rultiv:it«'(l veiv coimnoiil? 5—4 lowered,
fihenth sencrallv composed of -1 [air of ihcjubranous leaves, the inte-
rior small. Tube of tlie corolla 5 inches T'liv;, tlie bonier six parted,
the segments linear lanceolate, as Ion:: as the tube, while, ttn^jcd on
the back with ureen. Tube fW the n-cinnj very short, in^el(cfl oa
the summit of tlie tube of tlie coioHa : bolder half the lciii;tii of the
corolla, expandinjr, very delicate and membranous, the mar^rin irre-
gularly l'2partc«l. six teeth extcndinj; into filaments, the intermediato
anjrle obtuse, undulate, entire. FiLniievts as Ion;; as the c(»r<.lla, cx-
tei'i'lriii dovTi the nectary to the tube of the corolla. Germ inlerior,
3 Ji'i;Jed. Stjiie as lona; as the corolla, oblique. Stifi^ia capitate,
slightly 5 cleft. Capsult S celled, 3 valvcd. is'eed many in each cell,
anu'ed.

Our Pancratium has been figured and described in the Botanical
Iklacaziiie, 8:27, as the P. rotatuni. 1 have not the means of deter-
wininfr v hethcr it i.» really di.stinct from the P. mcxitanum. Linn.

The texture of the nectary is so delicate that the mar^^in is fre»
Hucntly torn ; this occurs even in t!ie expansion of the Uower from
the slight coherence of tiie folds in the bud ; but the margin is natu-
rally entire.

I have cultivated plaTits from the upper country, Aiii;usta, Geor2;ia,
and the river? in the low counti y ; ti ey have ilittercd much in the
si/.e of the rout and leaves, but m the llowcrs I could [lerccive no
differenre.

Dr. Macbride mentions, that in the Saritcc !»wamps, where he has
been most acrus-tomed to .^^ee thi>, plant, it frecjucntlv bears more
than two flowers. In the Oiieerhwe and Savannah rivers, where I
aLll^e jjenerallr observed it, it is almost invarui'jly two flowered.

Grows in the marshes along the borders uf fresh water rivers.

Flowers April — May.

2. M.\RITIMUM.

P. ppatlia nuilliflora ;
foliis Uneaii-lauccolalis j

Spatlie many flowered;
leaves linear lanceolate ;

ys*

MEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

nectaiii dentibiis duode- the nectary with 12 teeth
cim non staminiferis, Sp. not beaiing stamens.
pi. S. p. 42.

Walt. p. 120. Pursh, 1. p. 222. Catesby, 2. app. p. 5 t. 5.

Scape 12— 18 inches hi§li. JVedary {\xm\e\ shaped, erect, with 2
teeth between each filament.

Seen by Catesby in the Parachucla Savannah, St. Peter's parish^
South-Carolina.

Flowers June — August.

AMARYLLIS. Gen. pl. 554.

Corolla hexapctaloidea,
irregulaiis. Filanifiita
fauci tubi inserta, declina-
ta (aiit re( ta), insequalia
proportione vel diiec-
tione.

1.' Atamasco.

A. spatha bifida, uni-
flora ; corolla campanu-
lata, sequali ; pistillo de-
clinato. Pers. l. p. 354.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 51. Walt. p. 120.

Corolla neaily 0 petal-
led. irreji!;ular Filaments
inserted in the throat of
the tube, declining (or
straiojht), unequal in pro-
portion or direction.

Spathe a cleft, l flow-
ered ; corolla cum|)anu«
late, equal ; pistil decHn-
ing.

Mich. 1. p. 187. Pursh, 1 p. 222.

JRoot bulbous. Leaves linear, entire, somewhat succulent, concave,
glabrous, about a loot long. Scape. 6 inches hiji;h, I flowered, terete,
not springini; from the centre of the leaves but among tl)e lateral
ones. Spathe 1 leaved, a little coloured, opening at one side, 2 cleft
at the summit. Calyx 0. Corolla 6 petalled ? slightly united into
a tube at base; petals all lanceolate, acute, equal, wiiite, the three
exterior striate and tinged with pink at the summit. Filaments
shorter than the petals. Jinthers incumbent. Germ inferior, pedi-
cellate, nearly cylindrical. Style longer than the stamens, leaning
to one side of the corolla. Stigma 3 cleft. Capsule 3 valved, 3 cel-
led. Seeds many in each cell-
Grows generally in stiff, clayey soils.

Flowers March. Mamasco lilly. Stagger-grass.

Generally supposed to be poisonous to cattle, and to produce thc
4isease in calves called " staggers."

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

38l(

ALLIUM. Gln. PL. 557.

Coro'Ia G-partit;i, pa-
tens. Spdffia nmltiHora.
U'fibcJii conj^cstu. Cap-
sula supcra.

i. CvNAUENSL.

A. scapi> mulo, terrti ;
folii^ liiicarihiis ; capitiilo
bi]|l)il'ero. Sp. pi. 3. p.
68.

Walt. p. 121.

Jj>avefi linear, flat, smooth, strai^^ht, about a span lon^. Scap? tew
rete, scarcely lotr^er tlian the leaves, f apititlum composed of bulbs.
Floicers lew. podiceliate, whiie. Fetals oval. Utamens siuij^le, as
lon^ as the corolla. Linn.

Grows frosn Canada to Carolina, Pursh.

Flowers June.

Corolla 0 parted, ex-

paiuliiin;. Spiithc many
flowert'd. IJnibcU clus.
icrcil. Capsule superior.

Scape naked, terete ;
leaves linear ; head bear-
ing bulbs.

3. Cernuum. Mubl. Cat.

A. scapo sul)ancipiti ;
loliis lineai'il)us; Uinbclla
niuliillora. nutante ; stain-
inibus siinj)licibu.s, exer-
tis ; seminibus solitariis.
E.

Scape s'jmcwhat anci-
pitous ; leaves linear ;
umbel many flowered,
nodding ; stamens sim-
ple, cxsertcd j seeds soli-
tary.

Bulb tunicated. Leavn all radical, 8 — 1-2 inrhns lone;, 3 HncS
wide, flat, striate, sheathing :»t base. Scape 1 — '2 feet high, slightly
coinprt'ssed, bent near the suinnut. Umlit-ls many flowered. Petalt
lanceolate, rose coloured, h ilamfnta lonvPi' than the petals. .'!/«•
titers incutn')ciit, simple. &ti/le as Ion;; as the stamens. »Sfi^:na binv
pie. l'npsu!f nearly globose. Seeds solitiiry. \

Fo'ind on t \c mountains of Carolina, by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers July.

3 Sthixti'M.

A. scapo nudo, subtri-
quetro ; tbliis linearibns,
concavis, dorso striatic ;

A3

Srapc naked, slightly
3 angled ; leaves linear,
concave, streak^id on the

889

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

corollis patentibus ; stam-
inibus simplicibus, inclu-

61S.

back ; corolla expanding ;
stamens simple, included;

Pursh, 1. p. 22S. Sp. pi. £. p. 77.
A. inodorum, Sp. pi. 2. p. 76.
A. fragrans, Pursh, 1. p. 222.
A. ornithogaloides, Walt. p. 121.
A. Canadense ? Mich. 1. p. 194.

Root a tunicated bulb. Leaves all radical, glabrous, a little succu^
lent, 6 — 8 inches long, 2 — 3 lines wide, each at base sheathing the in-
terior leaves. Scape 8 — 12 inches long, compressed. Hpathe 2
leaved ; leaves ovate, acute, withering. Flowers 8 — 10, in a simple
Bmbel ; pedicels 2 — 3 inches long. Petals oval, white, the 3 exterior
Tather larger than the interior, and slightly keeled with a coloured
midrib. Filaments unequal, shorter than the petals. Anthers in-
cumbent, 2 lobed. Germ superior, somewhat cylindrical. Style as
long as the stamens, Stigria obtuse. Capsule S celled, 5 valved-,
■^itn a few angular seeds in each cell.

Grows in the pine barrens of Carolina and Georgia. Unless se»-
verely bruised, this plant exhibits none cf that peculiar and penetrating
odour which characterises this genus.

Flowers March — April.

Scape terete ; leaves
linear, flat; umbel many
flowered ; stamens sim-
ple, included ; seeds soli-
tary.

4. MuTABiLE. Mich.

S' scapo tereti ; foiiis
linearibus, planis ; um-
bella multiflora ; stami-
nibus simplicibus, inchi-
sis ; seniinibus solltariis ?

Mich. 1. p. 195.

Bulb curiously webbed or netted with intersecting nerves. Leaves
12 — 15 inches long, very narrow, becoming setaceous near the sum-
mit, membranous and sheathing at base. Scape 2 feet high. Spat/ie
S leaved. Fetals lanceolate, acute, changing from an obscure green
to a bright rose colour. Filaments shorter than the petals. Anthers
incumbent, simple. Germ globose } Style as long as the stamens.
Stigma obtuse. Capsule nearly globose, i^eeds (in all the specimens J
have seen) solitary.

Grows in wet pine barrens. Rare to me. Found where the road
leading from Beck's Ferry unites with the Purysburgh road. Sent
from St. Stephens by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers May — June.

I have not seen this species bearing bulbs ; and I strongly suspe(^*
^t Michaiu's bulb-bearing variety is the A. Canadense, Linn.

HE.tAN13RI\ MONOGYNU*.

8jB7

MLIUM. Gt N. vh, 55S.

Corolla O-pcUila, cain-
•fiaiiulata, liiica loiii:;iUiili-
iiali nectarifora ; laciiiiis
s.i'pius rcrtexis. Cap^ida
valviilis pilo caiiccllalo
conncxis.

1. Cvtesbt:!. Walt.
L. foliis spursis. linrari-

Cornlla G petalled, canw
pauulatc, with a longitu-
dinal nectarilerous line ;
the segments most coin^
monly rellccted. Valves
ol' the C(jpsidr connected
by interwoven hair.

I.cavcs scattered, li-

lanceolatis ; caule unillo- | near lanceolate ^ stem
ro ; corolla crecta ; pc- | one flowered ; corolla
talis longe nnsiuiculatis, | erect ; petals with long;
margine undulatis, apice | claws and undulate inar-
reflcxis. Sp. \)\. i*. p. 8(5. | gin, rell.'ctcd at the sum-

I niit.

Walt. p. 125. Mich. 1. p. 197, Pursli, 1. p. 228.

Hoot a scaly bulb ; scaica ovate lanceolate, thick, succulent. Stem
herbaceous, erect. feimpJc, glabrous, tt^-ete, 2 feet lii^li. Leaves ses-
sile, apprcssed, crowded near the middle of the stem. Flower termi-
nal. I'rlal^ ov;ite lanceolate, tapt-riiii; at ba^einto a claw i\alt an inch
lon^, red, bocojninj; yellow near the base, and variej;ated with dark
brown spots. A^ctarif ? formed of a small melliferous pore at the
base of t!ie petals. Filaments nearly as lonj; as the petals. Anthers
inctimbent, versatile. Germ superior, obtusely J angled, obtuse.
atuU as I0115 as the stamens. Stigma thick, capit;ite. CajjSiUe 3
celled, T) valved.

Grows in flat pine barrens, around ponds.

Flowers July — Aujjust. Cateshifslillij>,

2. Piin..VDi:i,piirri M.

L. foliis vcrticillatis ; | Leaves verticillate ;

florihus erectis ; corolla | flowers erect ; corolla
campanulata; pctalis un- | campanulatej petals with
guiculatis. Sp. pi. 2. p. | claws.
1)0. I

Walt. p. \2:u Pursh, 1. p. 229.
Stem 2 feet hii;h, glabrous. Leaves verticillate and scattered, na»-
Tow lanceolate, blightly acuminate, sometimes oblique, vithoutaerTf?,

889

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Flowers generally solitary fsomefimes 3 or more, Pursh.). terminal
Petals spathulate, laoceolale, with the claw long.

Inserted on the authority of Walter^ For my specimens T am in-
debted to Mr. Collins of Philadelphia, and Dr. Bigelow of Boston.

Flowers July — August.

3. Canadensr.

L. foliis remote verti-
cillatis, lanceolatis, triiicr-
vibus, subtus ad nervos
subhirsutis ; pedunculis
terminalibus, elongatis.
plerunique ternis ; corol-
lis cernuis, caiiipanulatis,
revolutis. Pursh, i. p.

I.caATs remotely veiti-
cillate, laF^ceolate, 3 nerv-
ed, Iiiisute along the un-
der surlace of the nerves ;
pedunrles termmal, long,
generally by tiirecs ; co-
j rolla nodding, campanu-
late, re volute.

229^ I

Sp.pl. 2. p. 89. Mich. 1. p. I9r.

Root a scaly bulb. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, terete, glabrous. J^avPS
all verticillate, linear lanceolate, and lanceolate, 3 nerved, some-
times acuminate. Floivers generally by threes, terminal, on long
reflected peduncles. Corolla somewhat campanulute, levolute. Pe-
tals lanceolate.

Grows in the rallies among the mountains.

Flowers July — August.

4. Caroliniakum. Mich.
L. foliis verticillatis

Leaves verticillate

and scattered, lanceolate,
wedge shaped at base ;
flowers few, terminal
(l — 3); peduncles thick;
corolla revolute.

sparsisque, cuneato-lan-
ceolatis ; floribus paucis,
terminalibus (1 — 3); pe-
dunculis crassis ; coroilis
revolutis. E.

Mich. l.p. 197.

L. Martagon, Walt. p. 123.

Root a scaly bulb. Stem 2 feet high, terete. Leaves verticillate,
5—8 leaves in a whorl, with scattered leaves interspersed, obscurely
S nerved, somewhat succulent, very entire. Flowers terminal, by
threes, in pairs, or solitary. Petals long, lanceolate, very acute, the
midrib of the 3 interior petals winged ? Corolla orange coloured,
spotted with dark purple.

There is some obscurity in this species ; it is possible that it is the
In. supeil?ain, growing in a soil not favorable to its full expansion.

irU.\ANDRI\ MONOCVNIA.

38U

T^xn lioupvor flouers petuMallv in August, the L. superbum, in the
gai«lotis in l'harlf-.tuii, lloucrs in Juim*.

(intws in damp soils, in the low country of Carolina. Not very
common.

Flowers July-»August.

Leaves i2;]ubrous, lower
leaves veiticillate, the
rest scattered ; llowers
rellecled, in a j)yrainidal
raceme; corolla rcvolute.

5. SrPERBlM.

L. tnliis p;Ial)ris, imis
veiticillatis cjcteris spar-
sis ; florihus raccmoso-
pvraniidalis, rcflexis ; co-
rollis re vol litis. Sp. pi.
2. p 8S.

^Valt. p. 123. Pur-sh, 1. p. £30.

Hoot a scaly bulb, producing otfsets at some distance from the
parent root. Stem 4 — 8 feet high, terete, glabrous. Lower leaves
6 — 9, in a whorl, the upper scattered, all linear lanceolate, 3 nerved.
Coro//n, as in all of our species, of a bright orange colour, spotted
with dark purple.

A splendid species, growing sometimes 7 — 8 feet high, and bearing
30 to 50 flowers, not more remarkable f(tr the brilliancy of their co-
lour, than for their graceful arrungenu-iit.

(Jrows in the vallies of the upper country, and among the moun-
tains.

Flowers July — August. Superb lilhj.

EUYTHRONIUM. Gen. pl. 502.

Corolla G-petala, caiii-
panulata ; nectarin tii-
berculis 5, petaloruni al-
tcrnoriiin ba^i adnatis.

1. Americanum.

E. stylo clavato, trig;o-
no ; foliis fij)ice iiivolutis.
Smith, ill Uces' Cycl. vol.
14.

Corolla G petalled,cain-
paiuilate. Kectarif com-
posed ol' H tiil)ercles. at-
tached to the base of the
alternate petals.

Style club shaped, 8
angled ; leaves involute

at the point.

E. lanccolatum, Pursh, 1. p. 231.

E. Dens canis, var. r. Sp. pl. 2. p. OC.

Mich. 1. p. 1(>8.

Anon, pudic ? Walt. p. 123.

390

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNrA.

Perennial. Leaves somewhat radical, lanceolate, sheatliing at base^.
stained uith purple, involute at the summit. Hcape 8 — 12 inches,
bearing a solitary nodding flower. Calyx 0. Petals 6, 3 exterior,
reflected from about the middle. JVectary 2 scales at the base of the
inner petals. Stamens short. Style shorter than the petals. Stig-
mas 3. Capsule nearly globular, 3 celled, 3 valved. Seeds numerous..

Grows in the upper country of Georgia and Carolina. Louisville,
Georgia. Mr. Jackson.

Flowers March — April.

UVULARIA. Gen. i>l. 500.

Corolla 6 pctalled, erect»
A nectariferous cavity at
the base of the petals.
Filaments very short.
Stigvias
sule 3 an

8,

long.

Jed,

Cap-
8 celled.

Corolla 6-|>etala, erec-
ta. Kedarii fovea haseos
petali. FUamenta brevis-
sima. Stigmata 3, lon-
ga. Capsula 3-gona5 8-
loculaiis.

1. Perfoliata.

U. foliis perfoliatis, el-
iipticis, obtusis ; corolla
campanulata, intusttiber-
cidata ; antheris aristatis.
Smith, Exot. Bot. l. p. 95.
t. 49.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 94. Mich. 1. p. 199. Pun^h, 1. p. 231.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, 8 — 12 inclics high. Leaves
elliptic, rather acute, having many nerves, entire, glabrous ; the lower
leaves only sheathes, clothing the stem. Flowers {^w^ solitaiy, axil'-
lary, nodding. Calyx 0. Petals lanceolate, pale yellow, roughened
on the inner surface with small tubercles. Capsule somewhat turbi-
nate, trigonous, truncate, with several seeds in each cell.

Grows sparingly in the low country. I have seen it near Beaufort
in fertile soils. More common in the upper country.

Flowers April.

Leaves perfoliate, ellip-
tic, obtuse ; corolla cam-
panulate, tubercled with-
in : anthers aw^iied.

S. Flava. Smith.

V. foliis perfoliatis, el-
liptico-oblongis, obtusis,
basi undulatis j corolla

Leaves perfoliate, el-
liptic oblong, obtuse, un-
dulate at base j corolla

II i:\ANDRl A MONOGYNIA.

391

basi attcnimta, iiitns sea- tapcriuc; at base, rou;2;h-
brata ; :j!illicris aristalis. ciumI within ; anthers
Siiiitfi, Exot. Iiot. 1. [). awncfl.

ur. t. .10.

PiUsh, i. p. 231.

Floirers lirger <han t!\o>e of the U. pciloliata, and of a brighter
Yellow. Pursli.

Grov/s iu shadcil, saiuly soils, Qom New-Jersey ti) lower Carolina. I*.
^lowers May — June.

3. GUANDIILOUA ?

V. foliis perruliatis. ob-
longis, aciitis ; pctalis u-
trinquo glabris ; anthcris
siibmiiticis ; nectaiio sub-
rotundo. Smith, Kxot.
Bot. 1. p. 99. t. 5i.

Pursh, 1. p. 231.

U. perfoliata, var a. Mich. 1.

Leaves perfoliate, ob-
loni!:, acute ; petals gla-
brous on both .siirlaces ;
anthers ^vithout awns ;
nectary nearly round.

p. 19D.

A plant every way larger than the prccoiiinj; species, and more
branched. Leaves very obtuse at base, acute, sometimes slightlv
acuminate at the summit. Petals oblong, not entirely smooth on the
inner surface, though less tubercled than in the preceding species.

The specimens in mv possession were collected among the moun-
tiins by Dr. Macbride, and near Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green.

blowers in the spring.

Leaves of the same co-
lour on both sides, oval,
rounded at base, an(l
ftonieuhat amplexieaule 5
capsule sessile, ovate.

4. PrBnRL'L\. Mich.

U. foliis utriiique con-
coloril)U5, ovali!)US, basi
rotundatis, suhainplcxi-
caulibus ; capsula sessili,
ovata. Mich. l. p. 199.

Pursh, 1. p. 232.

This species is inserted on the authority of Michaux. I have spe-
I niens sent me from Athens, by Mr. Green, of an Uvularia, 8— J2
jiches high. Stem sheathed near tlie base, pubescent and sometimes
divided at t!>e summit, slightly angled. Leaves laJiccolate, sessile,
amplexieaule, of the same crjlour on each side, pubescent along thu
margins. Flowers 1 or 2 on earh stem, ratlier large, smooth on the
inner surface, on peduncles nearly an inch long. Do they belong to
tjus species ?

Grow 3 on the mountains of Ccrolina. Mich.

SOS

HEXANDRIA MGNOGYNIA.

Leaves sessile^ lanceo-
late oval, glaucous uut
derneath ; capsule ovate,
on a footstalk.

5. Sessilifolia.

U. foliis sessilibus, lan-
ceolato-ovalibus, subtus
glaucis ; capsula stipitata,
ovata. Pers. 1. p. SftO.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 95. Mich. 1. p. 199. Pursh, 1. p. 231.

Stem 8 — 12 inches high, generally divided near the summit, with
a solitary flower on one branch. Leaves sessile, somewhat a.nplexi-
caule, many nerved, glabrous on the under surface. Flower on a
short peduncle. (Segments of the corolla flat, smooth within. Pursh.)

Rare in the low country ; commnn^in the upper. Columbia; Mr.
Herbemont. St. Johns ; Dr. Macbride.

Flowers May—Jupe.

STREPTOPUS. Mich.

Corolla 6 petalled,
somewhat campanulate.
Stigmas very short. Ber-
ry globular, leathery.

Leaves amplexicaule,
serrulate ciliate ; anthers
short, two horned.

Corolla 6-petala, sub-
cam panulata. Stigmata
brevissima. Bacca sub-
globosa, coriacea.

1. ROSEUS.

S. foliis amplexicauli-
bus,serrulato-ciliatis ; an-
theris brevibus, bicorni-
bus. Mich. 1. p. 201.

Pursh, 1. p. 232.

Stem 12 — 18 inches high, divided, glabrous. Leaves oval, acumi-
nate, many nerved, with 5 more conspicuous than the rest. Flowers
small, axillary, solitary, on short geniculate nodding peduncles, rose
coloured.

The flowers in this genus are more numerous on each stem than in
the genus Uvuiarla.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Muhl. Pursh. i

Flowers May — July.

For my specimens I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Kin of
Philadelphia.

IIEXANDIIIA MONOGYNIA.

893

Hoary ; leaves sessile,
somewhat cordate ; pedU
eels by piiirs.

2. L.\NM'GiNOsrs. Mich.

S. iiicaiiu ; foliis sessi-
libus, Mibeor lalis ; pedi-
cellis jii^ciniiialis. Mich.
1. p. 201.

Pursh, 1. p. 23*.

Leaves with an abrupt and long acumlnitirtn. Flower:* three times
the size of its conveners, of a ;;reenish hue. Berr>j 1 or C seeded,
with I or 2 cells abortive. Mich.

Grow!- amon;;; the highest mountains of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers June.

POLYliOWTUM. Dcsfontaines, in
Mils. Hist. Nat. y. p. VS.

Corolla ii:fera, G fila, cy-
lindricp. FUauienta tubo
siipcriie i'l^eiLa. Bacca
.c;lol)osa. 3-i >cii1 'H^, locu-
lis ^j-speriuis. Flares ax-
illares.

1. BlFLORl^^r. \Valt.
P. caule tereti, hcvi ;
foliis alteniis, sessilibus,

Corolla inferior. 6 rieft,
cylinMrieal. F'ila'ntn:>' i\\-
sertc.l near the sum ..r.
jf the tube. Berru :;U»-
bose, 3 celled, ce 's -Z
si^eded. Flowers axilla, y.

Stem terete, smo' '
leaves alternate, m; ,

ed ; pti;! uncles axiliury,
solitary, '^ ilowered.

234.

elliptico-lanccolads, tri- | ellijitic lance)!. i:i\;> nfrv-
nervibus; pedunculis ax-
iilaribus,solilariis, binoris.

P. angubtifolium ? Pur^h, 1. p
Convallaria biilora, Walt. p. VZ-l.

Stem IC — 18 inches lu^h. Leaves slightlv aniplcxicaule, j^iabrau^.
Corolla pale velluw, tipped witli ;;reen. Perliaps only a varirtv lu
tiie succecdin;;^ ^pecies, but the leaves are narrower, and tlie peuun*
cles almost invariably 2 th)wered.

Grows in the upper country j in the lime stone lands of St. JohnSj
Aot uncommon.

Flower*

B 8

394

BEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Stem terete : leaves al-
ternate, amplexicaiile, ob-
long oval ; peduncles ax-
illary, many flowered.

2. MULTIPLORUM.

V. caule tereti ; foliis
alternis, amplexicaulibus,
oblongo-ovalibus ; pedun-
culis axillaribiis, multiflo-
ris. Pursh, i. p. 23-^.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 162. Mich. 1. p. 202.

Leaves large, glabrous, acute, sometimes a little ovate, many nerv*
ed (7). Peduncles long.

Grows among the mountains, and in the upper country of Carolina
and Georgia.

Flowers May — July.

3. PUBESCENS.

P. caule teretiusculo, sul-
cato ; foliis alternis, am-
plexicaulibus, ovatis, sub-
tus pubescentibus ; ped-
unculis axiilaribus, subbi-
floris. Pursh, i. p. 234.

Stem nearly terete,
slightly furrowed ; leaves
alternate, amplexicaule,
ovate, pubescent under-
neath ; peduncles axilla-
ry, generally 2 flowered.

Convallaria pubeacens, Muhl. Cat.

Leaves 5 — 7 nerved, 3 more conspicuous than the rest. Peduncles
ghort. Flowers small.

Grows on rocks near water, from New-England to Carolina. PursU.
Flewers May — June.

SMILACINA. Desfontaines in Annal.
Mus. Hist. Nat. y. p. 51.

Corolla infera, 6 -partita,
patens. Filamenta diver-
gentia, laciniarum basi in-
fixa. Bacca globosa, 3-
locularis. Flores termi-
nales paniculati^ s, um-
bellati.

Corolla inferior, 6
parted, expanding. Fila-^
merits diverging, inserted
at the base of the seg-
ments of the corolla.
Berry globose, 3 celled.
Flowers terminal, pani^
cled or umbelled.

linXANDUlA MONOGYNIA.

S95

1. Umbellvtv.

S. foliis nidicalihus ob-
loiigo-ovalil)us, inurgiric
ct carina ciliatis ; scapo
pubcscciitc ; uinbclla tcr-
ininali ; pcdiccllis bractc-
atis. Pursh, l. p. 235.

Convallaria umbellulata, Mich. 1. p. 202.

Root creeping, somewliat tii'jerous. Leaves embracing the bafie ot
the stem, lary;e, many nervoti, taperinj; to the base. Hcape about R
foot high. Umbel small, terminal.

(irows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers May — August.

Radical leaves oblong
oval, witli the margin and
keel ciliate ; scape pubes-
cent; umbel terminal;
pedicels bracteate.

2. R\CEMOSA.

S. caule tblioso ; foliis

altcrnis, sessilibus, oblon-

go-ovalibus, acuminatis,

nervosis, pubescentibus ;

iloribus termiiialibus race-

nioso-paniculatis. Pursh,

l.p. 234.

Convallaria racemosa, Sp. pi. 2. p. 163
p. 202.

Stem leafy ; leaves al-
ternate, sessile, oblong
oval, acuminate, neiTed,
pubescent ; flowers in
terminal, racemose pani.
cles.

Walt. p. 122. Mkh. K

Stem 12 — 18 inches high, slightly geniculate. Leaves many nerv-
etl, with three more conspicuous than the rest. Flowers small, crowd-
ed on the racemes, pale white.

Common in ilic tipper countrr. Athens ; Mr. Green. Found in
St. Stephens, by Dr Slacbridc.

Flowers June — July.

CONVALLARIA. Gen. pl. 573. Dcsfontaines.

Corolla infera, 6-fida,
campanulata. Stamina
corolla brcviora, ad basin
inserta. Bacca globosa,
3-locularis, loculis l — 2
spermis. Scapus raccmo-
gus.

Corolla inferior, r> -cleft,
campanulate. Stamens
shorter than the corolla,
inserted into their base.
Bcrrfj globose, 3 celled,
cell? 1—2 seeded. Scapr
racemose.

396

HEXINDUIA MONOGYNIA.

Scape naked, smooth ;
leaves ovate.

i. Majalis.

C. scupo mnio, Irevi ;
foiiis ovatis. bp. pi. 2.
p. 160.

Pursh, 1. p. 232. Mich. 1. p. 201.
Flowers noddinp; on the spike, a little cimninulate, white, fragrant.
Grows on the highest mountains of Caroli.ij.
Flowers May.

HYPOXIS. Gen. pl. 5Qo.

^patha 2 valvis. Co-
rolla 6-paitita, persistens,
supera. Capsula elonga-
ta, basi angiistior. Smii-
na subrotunda, niida.

1. Erect A.

H. pilosa ; scapo sub-
quadrifloro, foiiis lineari-
subulatis breviore ; pe-
dunculis flore duplo lon-
5p. pl. 3. p.

Spat he ^ valved. Co-
rolla 6 pant>^ , persistent,
superior. Capmle long,
narrowed at base. Seeds
nearly round, naked.

Hairy ; scape general-
ly 4 flowered, shorter
than the linear subulate
leaves ; peduncles twice

as long as the fiowci*.

gioribus.
lOG.

Walt. p. 121. Pursh, 1. p. 224.
H. Carolinensis, Midi. 1. p. 188.
H. graminca ."' Pursh, 1. p. 224.

Hoot a sinall solid ixilb. Leavps all radical, subulate, entire, chan-
nelled, hairy, 3 nerved, slightly dotted, 3 — 6 inches long, 2 lines
wide. Scrpp 2 — 4 inclies long, 1 — 4 flowered, sleinier. somewhat
compresspcl, iiairy. tedunclt^^ half an inch iou'jr, witli a subulate sti-
pule at base. Petals expand in^-. veilow on tie imna surfiice, green
on the outer, twice as long as the genu. Filcnnents unequal, 3 half
as long as tlie corolla, 3 shorter. Jinihers incumbent. Style short,
somewhat conic. Stigma gland:. lar, placed aloiig tiie sides of the
style. Capsule 3 celled, 3 valved. iieads numerous i.i each cell,
ovate, attached to a central receptacle.

As the flowers begin to expand as soon as they rise to the surface
oftiie eartii, the plant has probably in tids slate been tako.i 'oi a ;]istinct
species, and formed the li. sessilis. Ddl. Hort. Elth. t. viO. f. 38r.

Grows in close soils, very common.

Flowers .Jarch — April.

I have lately fuund a variety in a very rich flat soil en the margin
of the Ogcechee, in which the bulbs were nearly an ^ach in dia jetrr^
tiiC scape a foot high, and umbell'Terous j yet size app'ared to be its
only distinction.

IfEXVNDRfA MONOGYNIA.

897

2. FrLiFOi.iA. E.

H. foliis suhtiiquetro-
filitonnihiis, pilosis ; sni-
pispleruinfi'ie l)in.)ris. K.

Leaves niir()rm,soinowbat
3 an,:j;lcd, hairy ; scape
j^cncially 2 llowercd.

leaves 6—10 iiulies Ion ;, scircely larger tlian a thread, very liairj,
sli<;htl\ furrnvvetl on tlie inner nide. S-:niiP 6 — 8 inches Ion:;, I — 3
flowered, coinmoalv bearinir Ijut '2. /'c?f/«Hc/<'> nearly an inch long.
Stamens proportionally sliorter than in tlie preceding species. '*itig'
mas 3, nearly acute, ^land'jlar.

Grows in verv sandy sods; near O^cechee ferry; Camberland
Island; >Ir. Lyon. Fjo;)isville, Georgia ; Mr. Jackson.

Flowers March — April.

Leaves cliannelled,
hairy, very enlire ; scapes
one liowercd.

3. JijNCCA. Smith.

H. loViis canalir ilatis,
pilosis. inlci^cnifnis ; sea-
pis unifloris. Sp. pi. 2.
p. 110.

Piash, 1. p. 2-24.

This species is said to grow in the bogs of Carolina, and to have
been iotrodjced into Ent:;land by Mr. Fraser. As it is cultivated ii^
tiie ^.irden at Kcw and has t'lercfore been seen in a living state, the
hi^h .luthority of Sir J. R. Smith must Rive it a place ainoii;^ our spc-
i io.'. 1 have not myself >^ecn any species strictly one flowered, but it
IS not rare to see plants of the H. erecta having but one flower.

ORXITHOGALUM. Gen. pl. o(56.

Corolla 0-petala, erec-
ta, persistens, supra me-
(11 1 1 in pa(ciis. Filtuncnta
basi (lilatata Capsulu
subrotunda, an'i;iilata, 3
locularis. Semina sub-
rotmida, nuda.

i. C HOC KIM.

O ? rtonl)us raccmosis ;
filamcnlis subulatis ; pe-
diinculis floic diiplo loii-

Corolla G jictailcd, e-
rect, persistent, expan'l-
in^ near the sunnnit.
Filamt'iits dilated at base.
Capsule nearly round,
(inglcd, 3 celled. Seeds
nearly round, naked.

Flowers in racemes ;
filaments siil)ulate ; pe-
duncles twice as loni!; a-

308

IIEXANDRl A MON o GYNIA.

gioribiis ; bracteis brevi-
bus ,• foliis linearibus, gla-
bris. E.

the flower ; bracteas
short ; leaves linear, gla-
brous.

Phalangium croccum, Mich. 1, p. 196. Pursh, 1. p, 226.

Root bulbous. Leaves 12 — 18 inches lon^, linear, nerved, flat..
Scape shorter ? than the leaves, terete, glabrous. Flowers in s^
terminal, loose raceme- Peduncles about an inch long, tlie upper
ones frequently by pairs. Bracteas ovate, short, not one fourth of
the length of the peduncle. Fetals oval, obtuse, white .^ Stamens
shorter than the petals. Germ superior. Style very short, simple.
Sti o'7na obtnse. ('%erf nearly globose, black, smooth, shining. Mich.)

From specimens sent from Louisville, Georgia, by Mr. Jackson.

Flowers

The genus of this plant is perhaps doubtful. Yet from its bulbous
root and rounded seed, it would appear, notwithstanding its subulate
filaments, to belong to Ornithogalum rather than Phalangium.

ALETRIS. Gen. pl, 57i).

Corolla subcampanu-
lata, rugosa. Filainenta
laciniariim basi ijiserta.
Capsula corolla marcida
vestita, 3 locularis, poly-
sperma.

1. Farinosa.

A. floribus pedicellatis,
oblongo-tubulosis ; corol-
la marcida Iseviuscula.

Corolla somewhat cam-
panulate, rugose. Fila-
ments inserted into the
base of the segments.
Capsule clothed with the
withering corolla, 3 cell-
ed, many seeded.

Flowers pedicellate,
oblong, tubular; the de-
caying

corolla nearly

smooth.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 183. Walt. p. 121.

A. alba. Mich. 1. p. 189. Pursh, 1. p. 225.

Moot tuberous, perennial. Stem 0. Leaves all radical, expanding,
oblong lanceolate, acute, entire, membranaceous, glabrous, perennial ?
3 — 5 inches long, 5 — 8 lines wide. Floivers in a spike, not crowded;
Scape 2— 2i feet high, terete, furrowed, glabrous, slightly viscid,
furnished with a few small, subulate scales. Peduncles scarcely more
than the attenuated base of the flower. Corolla white, rough, as if
sprinkled with coarse meal. Stamens and styles very short. Jnthers
sagittate. Seeds small, oblong, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in damp pine barrens. Common.

Flowers May — June. Star-graBf,

HRXANDUrA MONOGYNIA.

399

2. Arm: A. Walt.

A. norihus siibscssili-
bus, brovitcr luhulosis,
su!)cainpa!Uihitis ; corolla
marcida iuji;osa, scabci*-
rima.

Flowers nearly sessile,
somewhat cainpaiuilate,
with short tubes ; the de-
caying corolla rugose,
veiv scabrous.

Walt. \). 121. Mich. 1. p. 190. Pursh, 1. p. 2^2.5,

I have uHcd the characters of Michaux fi)r these two species with-
out beinp; satisfied with tlieni. Except in the colour and iii!;ure of tlie
corolla, iliere is no dift«'rence wliich I have been able to discover.
The flowers of both species are attacheil to the scape, bv the attenu-
ated base of the corolla, varving perliaps as much in individuals as
in plants, and even in roughness thev <lo not diUVr materially. The
*» Statio alia" and "tempus diversuni Horesconfiu;" of ^Val((■I, do not
strictly apply, for I have seen them mingled in great prolusion in
tlie same pine barren, and flowering: together : but I have seen the
A. aurea, in Bryan county, Georgia, growing in very dry oak. laud, a
situation in which the A. farin(»sa is rarelv if ever found.

Grows commonly in damp pine barrens.

Flowers May — June.

Star-f^rass, (so called from the disposiflon of the radical leaves.)
Tne root of both these plants is a harsh bitter, and is often given, in-
fu-ed in vinegar, with success in intermittents attended with dropsi-
cal swellings. When given in sufiicient quantity it acts as a purge.

ASPARAGUS. Gen. pl. 573.

Corolla infera, 6 partita,
erecta, laciniis :j interiori-
biis apicc rcflexis. Bac-
ca 3-locularis, polyspcr-
111 a.

1. Of*"ICINAMS.

A. caule berbaceo, in-
•crmi, erecto, tercti; foliis
setaceis, niollibus ; stipu-
lis subsolitariis. Sniitb,
Flor. Brit. l. p. 369.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 150. Pursh, 1. p. 235.

Root herbaceous, creeping, throwing forth a profusion of thick, suc-
culent fibres. Mfm herbaceous, 4—6 feet high. Leaves in fascicles,

Corolla infeiior, 6 part-
ed, erect, the 3 interior
segments reflected at the
suniniit. Bevvy 3 celled,
many seeded.

Stem herbaceous, un-
armed, erect, terete ;
leaves setaceous, soft ;
stipules generally solita-

400

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNrA.

3 — 5. Pediincles bv pairs, one flowered, pendulous, jointed. Coroliu
campanulate, the interior petals the longest. Linn, FUwers dioi-
cons. Willd.

This fine vegetable, a native originally of Europe, i"^ now natural^
ized in our country. It grows freeij around enclosures and in pas-
tures where the seed is deposited by birds-

Grows in most soils, preferring tho je which are moderately dry.

Flowers through the summer.^

YUCCA. Gen. pl. 580.

Corolla campanulato-
patens. i^tyhis nulliis.
Capsula 3-loculaiis.

1. FlLAMENTOSA.

Y. acaulis ; foliis lance,
olatis, integerrimis, niar-
gine filamentosis ; stig-
iTiatibus recurvaio-paten-
tibus. Pursh, i. p. S27.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 184. Walt. p. 124

Corolla campanulate,
expanding;. Style 0. Cap*-
side 3 celled.

Stemless ; leaves lan-
ceolate, entire, with the
margin filanientose ; stig-
mas recurved, expand-
ing.

, Mich. 2. p. 196.

Perennial ; producing its leaves almost from the surface of the
earth. Leaves 1 — 2 feet long, H inch wide, acute, but not rigid,
nor terminating in a spine ; the margin serrulate and bearing long
threads, t!'at appear to detach themselves from its surface. Scape
7 — 8 feet > ig: , terminating in a long panicle of white flowers.

Grows in ijose, rich soils, not confined to the sea coast. The
leaves of tiii", plant twisted aijd tied together are used for strings,
ropes, arid even * aVdes for small boats. It a])pears to possess the
strongest fibres of any vegetable whatever, and if it can be raised
with facility may form a valuable article in domestic ceconomy.

Flowers August. Silk g-rass. Bear gruss.

The root is substituted for soap in washing woollens.

2. Gloriosa.

Y. caulescens ; foliis
lanceolatis, plicatis, inte-
gerrimis ; petalis lanceo-
latis. Pursh, 1. p. 228.

Bearing a stem ; leaves
lanceolate, plaited, very
entire , petals lanceolate

Sp. pl. 2. p. X83. Walt. p. 124, Mich. 1. p. 196.

PIIII.

Ma/vsa/s I7r/////^^/'^/s

N?l.

Sa'rpus ^i/adra??yu/a/f/s

Die •/f/vmr/zf? /jfr/f •orr/^/ir///'/

PI. IV. N91

^ 'f //f// /•//. r 7W/u//f'/Wr.\ hy//u////r//yrf \/r/r/rK syjrrr///?

IIEXINDRIA MONOGYNIA.

40 1

Iloul vorv tliick. Stem frutesrcnt, tli'uk, simple, erect, 2—4 (cct
•Tii>;li, succulent, rouulieiietl below with llm iml)iicatc bases ofjiecu^ej
It'avi's. Leaven alternate, crowded, expaiidin;:, lonp, lanceulare,
ri;;id, very atiito, thick, soineuhat hucculciit, with the inar{;iris very
entire h'lnn'Pi'> in a laru;e, tcnniual, j>vraiii(lal panicle il — ^ feet
'iin;r» coinpimcd ot niniplc racemes*, -4 — 7 flowers on t'le lower racemes;
pedicels ^cnerallv aixtut an inch Ion;;, with '2 btipules at the base.
f'ahi.i-i). ('o;-o//n IJ pcfalled ; petals iuriceolate, acute, white, spa-
iii'.^lv ciliate. Sfamtus pci-isteiit. /*'i/nnir»/.s- half as \uujs, as <he co-
rolla, tliick, compressed, pubescent, ^inf Iters sa'j;i»tat<', incumbent.
irtrm superior. Sli^ma< d. concave, 2 cleft, obtuse. Cajisiile ob\on'^,
Jabrous, pulpv. •f^teds in 2 lows in each valve.

Grows on the u)ar;;in of tin* ocean, on the loose sand.

Flowers Mav — Auyrust.

Bearino; a st(nii. l)ran(ih.
ii)o; ; leaves lanccolati^
<:i cmilatc. sirict, wlienold
iKjduiii;!:.

3. DlJVCOM^f

Y. caul'.vsceiKs, raniosa ;
fuliis laiceolatis, creiuila-
li.-. siriclis, vcti'ii!)us nii-
tantil)iis. Sp. pi. :^. p.

18 i.

V. Aloifolia, Walt. p. H4. Mich. 1. p. 196. Pursh, 1. p. 228.

A larne shrub, sometimes 10 — 12 feet iiigli, when old becnniin*
Tiaked at tue ba-e : in many respects .similar t.i the precedin;^, but tlie
L'aveg are ntore rii^iii, t.ie tcr.uiial hpinc (if i- mav be so railed)
-iron^^er, and tiie mar^i is rigid and ruij;liencd, (crenulate), tiic
vojng Uaves arc eiect and expanding, the «dd ones snnieti i e3
liend about toe middle, as if unable to ^ujiport tlie weii^ht of their sum*
mits, but ji^enerally dro ip and ponit to tne earth bclore they decay.

Cirows aloiij:;, tiie sea shore, irefiueritly minj.led with the preceding
species; both are ornamental plants, ami have been tried lor hedges^
but they become loo soon naked at tlie base.

Flowers May — August.

4. IIeci iivii ui.i.\. Salisbui-V'.

Y. cauk'sccns ; Ibliis
lineari-Iuiiccolalis, rccur-
\u-iltllL*xis5 niaiginc raro
JilaiiRiitosi.s; pciulis inlc-
rioiiljuslaliuiJinis. i'urbli,
1. p. 2:JW.

Bearing a stem ; leaves
lii^car lanceolate, recurv-
ed, dellectcil, with tlie
margin sometimes iila.
menio.sc ; the interior
petals wider tuaa the ex-
terior.

c J

40 S HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Stem about 3 feet high. Flowers, as in all our species, white,
tinned occasionally "with green and purple.
Grows on t''i^e sandy shores of Georgia.
Flowers July— August.

AGAVE. Gen. pl. 583.

Corolla supera, 0 -par-
tita, erecta. Filamenta
corolla longiora, erecta.

Corolla superior, 0
parted, erect. Filaments
longer than tlie corolla,
erect. Anthers versatile.

Jlnthercc versatiles. .

1. VlRGINICA.

A. acaulis, lierbacea ; | Stemless, herbaceous ;
foliis cartilagineo-sei'i'a- | leaves with cartilaginous
tis ; scapo simplicissimo. ] serratures : scape sim-
pers. 1. p. 380. I pie.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 193. Walt. p. 121. Midi. 1. p. 187. Pursh, 1. p. 2£6.

B.oot perennial, tuberous, pi-a^morse. Kadical leaves long, lanceolate
acute, very smooth, succulent? stem leaves semiamplexicaule, acute,
resembling scales. Scape 4 — 6 feet high, terete, glabrous. Flow'*
prs sessile. Calyx 0. Corolla fragrant, of an obscure yellow co-
lour, tubular, lurrowed ; segments shorter than the tube, acute.
Filame7its spotted, twice as long as the corolla, inscited into its base.
Style terete, shorter than the falamcnts, spotted. Capsule globular,
slightly 3 furrowed, 3 celled, 3 valved. »SVec?.s numerous, compressed,
angular, £ rowed in each cell, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in pine barrens.

Flowers July. Virginian Jigave — Battle Snake^s Master.

Thick-lewced Snake root.

The root is bitter. In some neighborhoods it is given in tincture as
31 remedy for flatulent colick, and as such seems deserving of notice.

CONOSTYLIS. Brown.

Corolla 6-fida, persis- |. Corolla 6 cleft, persis-
tens. Anthercc erectpe. | tent. Anthers erect Style
Stylus conicus. Stigma | conic. Stig7?ia simple^
simplex. Capsula apice | Capsule free at the sum-
libera, dehiscens, 3-locu- | mit, gaping, 3 celled, ma->
lariS; polysperma, | ny seeded.

ITEXANDRIA MONOCYNIA.

403

1. Americana, rursh.

C. corollis intiis lanatis ; | Corolla woolly within;
scapiscorvmhoso-panicu- | scapes corymboee pani-
latis ; foliis cnsirnrinil)!!^ \ ciilatc ; leaves sword
^laiicis ; lilanieiUls ii'qtia- | sliapod, G;laucou3 j lila^
lil)US. Pursli, 1. p. :i2\'. j incuts equal.

Jtoot fibrous, crcepinp:. Itnlical leaves shorter than the ftcapc, nar-
row, aciito. fjliibrous. Scape terete, erect, tornentose, furnished with
I or "-2 shurt leaves. Floni'rs in tlie coryint) crowiliid. Sej^ments of
the cornlla o'jlons;, acute, glabrous and yellow near the summit, to-
mfntose or woolly near t!ie base. Filjvieyits 6, j;lal>fous, near-
ly as htiiij as the corolla. Germ nearly round, i;labrous. Style sub-
ulate, divisible into 3. as loni; as the fdaiiieiits. Stii^tna simple. Purah..

Grows in boggy soil^, in the pine barrens of New-Jer3cy and Car(j*
Una. Pursh.

Flowers July.

ACORLS. Gen. pl.

Spadix cylindrical, cov-
ered \Nith florets. Corolla
6 petalled, naked. Styld
I). Capsule 3 celled.

The summit of the

Spudix cylindricus, tec-
tiis flosculis. CornllfV 0-
pctalic, niuhr. Sli/lus 0.
Capsula ;}-locularis.

1. Calamus.

A. scapi mucronc lon-
gia.^iuio, foliacco. Sp. pl. | scape long, ieaflike.
;2. p. 199. I

Walt. p. 1:4. Mich. 1. p. IP-I. Purrh, 1. p. 2,^,5.

Hoot tuberous, perennial. Lmvea sword shaped, very acute, an-
cipitous, 5lal)rous, entire, wit!i the midrib prntiunetit. Scape about a
foot hish, 3 an;;5kMl, concave on one side, v. ilh the summit llattened
and rescmblinii:; the leaves, /•'loiveri^ on a cyrmilrical spadix, 2 — 3
inches lon», protlur.ed near the summit of t!;c scape. Petals ovate, ob-
tuse, short, pale yellow. Filaments longer than the petals. Anthevs
erect. The stamens rise and discharge the pollen by turns, liot at
the same time, derm thick, superior. Stigma obtuse, like a glan-
dular point. Seech many in each cell.

Grows in wet places, around ponds, &c. near settlements j natu-
pili/.pd but scarcely indigenous.

Flowers April. Calamus.

The root is a grateful aromatic, and i-; us ^1 as a remedy for Hal'i-
l«»ncy. .\ habit of chewing it has been known to impair seriously th*
dicoativc faculties.

40%

IIEXANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

I Leaves lanceolate o-
I vate.

235.

ORONTIUM. Gen. pl. 587.

Spodix rylindriciis, tec- | Spadix cyliiidnVa^ rov-

tiis flosculis. Corolla (i- | creel with Morets. Corolla

pj'tala, niida. Stfjlus nul- | 0 petalled, nakerl. Slijle

ins. Follicnli d-spenni. j 0. Follicles i seeded.

i. Aqu ^ticum.
O. foliis ]anccolalo-ova-
tis. Sp. pl 2 p. 199.

Mich. 1. p. 194. Pursh, 1. p,
Pothos ovata, Walt, p 224.

Root perennial. Sfem 0. Leaves ratlical. annual, very entire, gla-
brous, membiaiiaceous, pale, almost *>,laiicou3 on the under side, ob->
scurely nerved, and acute as if mucronate. i^pathe short, clothing
the base of the mature spadix. Spadix nearly 2 feet lonir;, eiect and
assnrj^ent, green at base, linged with purple in the middle, very white
at the summit. Petals small, yellow, persistent, apinessed to t!;e
gerni. Filamertts si orter th.an the corolla, ^in^hers oval, incumbent,
yellow, derm suy.erior, angled, truncate. >'tigmu very minute, con-
cave in the centre. Foldcle ? i^lobulai-, tleshy. Seed oval, glabrous,
attached to the summit ? of the follicle.

The pericarp d(.es not (I believe) open, but Aills with its enclosed
jeed as the spadix decays.

Grows in bt>>is ; \e^\y common.

Flowers March — April.

JUNCUS. Gen. pl. 599.

Calyx 6-pliyllus, bil)rac-
teatus, persistens. Corolla
0. Stigmata 8. Capsida
l-locu!aris, 3.valvis. ^-
?niha pluriraa.

* Culmis nndis,

1. Acujus.

J. culmo niido, tereti,
mucronato ; panicula ter-
miiiuli 5 iiivolucro diphyl-

t Caljfx 0 leaved, with s
bracteas at base, persis-
tent. Corolla id. Stigmas
3. Capsule I celled, 3
valved. Seeds numerous*
* Ste7ii naked.

Stem naked, terete, mu-
cronate ; panicle termi-
nal j involucrum 2 leav-

m'.vvNnniA MONor.Y*'i\-

403

Q'.]. spiiiy ; c'lpsulcs near-
\y globular, mucmiuUe.

lo, spinoso ; capsulis sub-
rotimdis. nui< rouatis.
Sin'Mh. Fl. Hi it. I. p. 3 -it

S|). pi i p. 204 Tuisli, 1. p. 235. «

Itonts pcrennia), cpspifoiic, formiii^^ very laiije Ui(\i. Stem 2 — 3
feet liii;h, Mifhout leaven, hard, ri^id, witli a witlH-iiiiL; slieafli at ba-*e;
the steins at l)a"»c unite i?i fascicles that are soinewliat disticliniH.
Floicer.s ill panicles, 2 — 3 inches lonji^, that appear lateral, but arc
really termiial ; the stem dividinu; into a two leaved involucrum, tlio
exterior lon:;er, the interior >l»orter llian the panicle, botli very acute,
pungent. Leaves of the c.aiij.v la/iceolate, acute, rufous, with th«
marjiius niein!)ranaceous, the 3 exterior lon^;er, acuminate, with the
point reflected. Stamena very short. Gi'rm superior. Stjle l<mi>;er
th.in tiie stamens, 3 cleft. -Stigmas subulate, 'glandular. Cap^u'e
somewhat obovate, obtusely 5 angled, pointed wit!i the style. IStmd
aM'^iilar.

Grows in brackish marshes, where it covers extensive bodies of
land.

Flowers April* Black Rush,

Stem naked, stiict ;
panicle lateral, cftased ;
lluwcrs oblong.

2. Effc.-^us.

J. ciilriio nudo, stiicto ;
p'Uiicula laterali, cffiisa ;
lloribiis oblongis. 8p. pi.
2. p. :iOj.

Walt. p. 124. Pursh, I. p. 236.

Itool fi!)rou>, perennial, cespitoso. formin'^ very lar;2;e tufts. Stem
erect, 3 feet high, terete, soft, acute but not rigid, with a pcrsi^-
tent mucronatt; sheatli enveloping the base, t'lniccrs in a^lcnse,
compound panicle I — 3 inches long. Leaves af tlie calt/.v lanceolate,
acute, equal, with the midiii) green, the margins white, membranace-
ous. Stamens shorter than the calyx. Sti/le very sliort, 3 cleft. Sti<^-
vuis glandular, longer than the calyx. Capsule 3 angled, turgid.
Heeds oldou'Zi obli(|Uc, acute at each end.

Grows in wet soils ; occupies and almi)»t covers rice fields as soon
as they aie thrown out of cuhi\ation.

Flowers April — May. Soft rush — Cktminon ruah.

3. Si:tacet-s. Knstork.
J. ciilmo undo, lilitbi ini,
nutante ; utnl)clla laie-
ralij compojila, paucillo-

8tem naked, filifonn,
noiidiniz;; uin!)el lalcral,
compound, Tew llowcred j

406

IIEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

peduncles many flowers
ed ; petals subulate.

ra ; pedunculis multifloris;
petalis subulatis. Pers. 1 .
p. 383.

J. filiformis, Walt. p. 124.
, Mich. 1. p. 191.

Root creeping, perennial, formins; small tufts. Stem filiform, 2 — 3
feet high, terete, glabrous, generally leaning or bending, as if too
weak to support themselves, scarcely nodding. Flowers in a small
lateral panicle, at some distance below the summit of the stem. Leaves
of tlie calyx ovate, lanceolate, very acute, tlie 3 outer leaves longer
than the interior.

Grows in ditches and boggy grounds ; not very rare. It has been
separated by Rostock from the European filiformis, with which by
preceding writers it had been confounded. It has however been bad-
ly named.

Flowers June — July.

"** Culmis foliosis.

4. Tenuis.

J. culmo folioso, sim-
plice, teretiusculo ; fo-
iiis canaliculalis ; corym-
bo terminali, dichotomo,
bracteis breviore ; cap-
sula oblonga, obtusa, pe-
talis breviore.

** Stem leafy.'

Stem leafy, simple, te-
rete ; leaves channelled ;
corymb terminal, dicho-
tomous, shorter than the
bracteas ; capsule oblong,
obtuse, shorter than the
petals.

Pers. 1. p. 385. Sp. pi. 2. p. 214.

J. l^jcornis, Mich 1. p. 191. Pursh, 1. p. 236.

Root perennial, cespitose, forming small tufts. Stem about a foot
high, frequently naked. Radical leaves shorter than the stem, cau-
line leaves longer, all linear subulate, concave, very acute. Stipules
membranaceous, 1 — 2 lines long, bifid. Floivers in the panicle soli-
tary, sessile. Two lower leaves of the involucrum mucli longer than
the panicle. Leaves of the calyx linear lanceolate, very acute, the
3 exterior a little longer than the interior. Stamens 6.

Grows in wet pastures ; very common ; remarkable for the strength
of its fibre.

Flowers April — May.

5. DlCHOTOMUS. E.

J. caule tereti, plerum-
que nudo ; foliis subtere-

Stem terete, generally
naked ; leaves nearly te-

HEXANOIIIA MONOGYNIA,

407

tihup, latere inlcriore ca-
naliciiliitis : paiiiciila dicli-
otonia ; lloril)iis .«oiiluiiis,
sessilibus. E.

retc, cliaiincllcd on the
inner side : panicle dicli-
otoinous ; lluwers solita-
vy, sessile.

J. bufonius, "Walt. p. 1^4. Mich. 1. p. 191.

liont perennial, fmniitrj: very small tufts. StPin 1 — i3 feet lii|j;l», gla*
brmis, riaketj } Lcavea filiform, nut noilose, shorter than the stem and
sheathing its base. Vanich dichotmnous, with the branches unequal,
tine flower always in the fork. Floirers always solitary, axillarf, al-
ternate ami terminal. One leaf of the involucrmn sonu'tinies longer
than the panicle, the other much shorter. Leaves (»f the calyx very
acute, nearly equal. Stamena 0. Capsule oval, nearly globose,
when mature as long as the calyx.

Grows in wet pastures, and close, stiff soils ; very common.

Flowers April — May.

6. BUFONIUS.

J. culmo dichotonio ;
foliis angulalis ; floribus
solitariis. sessilibus. 8p.
pi. 2. p. 211.

Tursh, 1. p. 238.

Hoot fibrous, annual, forming small tufts
"terete, leafy, divided towards the summit,
concave, about as long a> tlie stem, with
Flowers in a terminal panicle, generally solitary, one in each division
of the stem, at the summit frequently by pairs. Three exterior leaves
of the caly.r longer than tiie interior, all very acute, miMnbranaceous,
vith only the midrib green. Stamens G. Capsule oblong, shorter
tlian the calyx.

This species is easily distinguished from the preceding by its hum-
ble srze, its leafy steni, its leaves whict) though somewhat angled,
are subulate, not terete, and its long membranat eous calyx. Michaux
may have seen it, but his description applies so exactly to the J. dich*
otomus, which is ditfused over every part of the country, that I can-
uot hesitate in referring his J. bufotiius to that species.

Grows around Charleston. Rantowles, Stono river.

Flowers March — May.

Stem dichotomous ;
leaves angled ; flowers
solitary, sessile.

Stem 3 — 6 inches high,
Leaves subulate, acute,
a short sheath at base.

7. BiFLORLS. E.

J. cnlnio tripcdali, tc-
reti J foliis linearibus, pla-

Stcm 3 feet high, te.
rete j leaves linear, fkt j

40S

HRXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

nis ; panicnia decomposi-
ta, clongata ; glomerulis
bjfloris. E.

panicle decoinponn^T^
long ; fascicles 2-floweiv
ed.

Root bulbous or tuWrous, perennial. Stem terete, frequently fur-
towed on one side, leafy, glabrous. Lenten about a foot long, some-
•\vhat rigid, erect, acute, sheathing at b:isp. Htipuie short, membra-
naceous. Fanicle G' 8 inches long: fascicles terminal, and in oa< U
division of the panicle. Involucriim sliorter than the panicle. IjOives
of the calyx lanceoliite, green along the midrib, ferruginous on the
sides, the 3 interior sliorter than the exterior, and meml)ranous along
the margins. Stamens 5. Capsule obovate, truncate, a little shortei"
than the calyx.

Fascicles containing 3 flowers sometimes occur.

Grows in ditches, around ponds, &c. 10 miles from Savannah, on
tlie road to Augusta. Near Charleston.

Flowers May — July.

Root hull)on3 ; stem e-
rect. compressed ; leaves
narrow, sliii^htly channel-
led ; panicle compound ;
flowers tjiancirons ; cxte-.
rior leaves of the calyx
and the bracteas awned.

8. Arista Tus ? Mich.

J. radice bulbosa ; cul-
mo erecto, compiesso ;
foliis angustis, subcanali-
culatis ; panicula compo-
sita ; floribus triandris ;
foliolis calycis exteri(»ri-
bus bracteisque aristalis.
IViich. 1 p. ly^j.

Pursh, 1. p. 257.

J. triglumis, Walt p 124.

J. marginatus, Muhl. Cat.

Stem 2-3 feet high, a little compressed, terminating at base in a
small solid bulb or tuber. Leaves flat, nerved, glabrous, with a short
aheath at base blowers in a terminal panicle; the fascicles 3 — 5
flowered. Tl.e exterior leaves of the caly\ ehortei: than the exterior.
Capsule obovate.

Gro.vs in damp soils. Common.

Flowers May -—June.

9. Repens. Mich.

J. repens ; culmo gen-
iculate, ramoso ; foliis li-
neaiibus, planis j fascicu-

Creeping ; stem geni-
culate, branching ; leaves
linear, fldtj fascioies latr

nPXANDHIV AIONOGYVIA.

409

Ji-! latcrali!)iw tii'iniiuili- | cral and teiniiiial ; flow-
(Iris. K. I

Mull. 1. J). 191.

Creeping, shootinj; up at short intorvals small tuffs, fitfm 6—10
\riciies hi«;h. compressed, i;Ial)rou8, loaly. KeavfS alternate, oppo-jite
oi crowded at the joints, acite, glal)rous, witli a slieatJi at base,
^ I'trter tliaii tlio joint". Stipules ovate, membraiia«euu8. Flowers
-.I's.sile, in ftiscicles 5 — lOlloweied. L'-aves ol tlie ealyx subulate,
caiinato, very acute, tbe interior nearly twice as lonsr u.i the exterior.
t<fanten> 3, lont^fr than the calyx. Utigman shoitur t.ian the s>tamens»
Laysnle oblong, obtuse, 3 an^jled.

Vcrv dirterciit in habit from tiio rest of this ^c

Grows in muddy soils; very common.

Flowers >lay - July.

renus.

10. ArrNMsAirs.? Mich.

J. roliis terctil)us. iindoso-
aiticulatis ; paiiii iila dc-
cumpositj, capilulis 0 — U

lloria ; calycis loliolis s>iil)-
ulatis, nuicronatis ; brac-
U'is aiistatis, calyccm tci c
a^quaiitibus. E.

Mich. 1. p. 192.

Loaves terete, with knot-
like joints ; piuiicle cle-
eompinuid, iicads 0 — 9
nuwercd ; leaves of the
calyx .siil)ulate, niiicro-
iiatc ; brr'cteas awncd,
nearly as lon^ as the ca-
iyx.

Pur.sh, 1. p. 237.
J. noJosus r Walt. p. 1^4.

Root perennial, cespitose. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, terete, glabrous,
\vith re;5ular joints like t!ie ^rasnes, but the inttrvais not nodtise, like
the Ieavi'3. Leaves few, sliorter than tJie stem, with u short tipeu
sheath at base. I'unicle. somewhat trichotomoui. heaves of tne caly.v
nearly equal, veiy acute, somewhat rfgid, the 3 extei lor hlij^litly keel-
ed ^rac/fn.si mombiaiiaceous, larger than usual, titamens 3. Cufr
-.uie 3 anjjleil, nearly acute, aii lonj; as the tal^ x.

Grows in damp ami wet places.

Flowers Marcli — May.

I am not certain tliat this is the J. acuminatus of Mlchaux ; it If
not the J. Sylvaticus of NVilldeuow.

11. Pjjlycei'iialos. Mich.

J foliis •i;lacliatis. iiodoso-
aiticuiatis ; paniciilu dc-

Leaves sword shane.1,
with kiiol-hkc jouita j

410

HEXANDRrA MONOGYNIA..

composita ; capitulis mnl-
tifloris ; capsulis acutis,
calyce longioribus. E.

panicle deconiponnd ;-
heads many flowered ;
capsules acute, longer
than the calyx.

Mich. 1. p. 19£. var. a. crassifolius. Pursh, 1. p. 237.

Perennial, large. Stem S — 4 feet high, terete, glabrous, compres-
sed near the base. Leaves compressed, acute, tliick, 6 — 24 inches
long, with a short nodose shcatJi at base ; heads globose, one sessile
in each division of the panicle. J?rflcrgrt mucronate. Leaves of the
calyx very acute, nearly equal, the exterior broader than the interior.'
Stamens 3.

Michaux has confounded two very distinct plants under his J. poly-
cephalos. I have retained his name to his first variety, though J*
gladiatus would have been more characteristick.

Grov's in ditches and wet places ; Chatham coui>ty, Georgia*

Florwers May — June.

12. EcHiNATus ? Muhl. Cat.

J. capitulis paucis, glo-
bosis, inajusculis, subses-
silibus, multifloris ; caly*
cis foliolis interioribus ini-
noribus 5 foliis teretibus,
nodoso-artieulatis. E.

Heads few, globose, huge,
nearly sessile, many flow-
ered ; interior leaves of
the calyx smallest ; leaves
terete, with knot-like
joints.

J. polycephalos, Mich. 1. p. 192. far. b. tenuifolius. Pursh, 1. p. SSr.

Root thick, somewhat tuberous, creeping. Stem about 2 feet high,
terete, glabrous. Leai^es shorter than the stem, terete, acute, nodose,
with a short sheath at base. Florvers in a few (3 — 5) large, terminal
heads. Leaves of the calyx narrow, subulate, acute, rigid. Stamens
£. Capsule 3 angled, acute, as long as the calyx.

Grows in wet soils, around i>onds, back waters, &c. on some of the
hunting islands very common.

Flowers May — August.

*** Capsulis z-spermis. \

13. Campbstris.

J. foliis planis, pilosis ; |
spicis i>edunculatis, uni- |
bellatis, intermedia ses- |
sill ; calycinis foliolismu- j
cronatis, capsula longio- |
ribus. Sp. pi. ^-. p. SSI. I

Walt. p. 1^5. Mich. l.p. 190.

*** Copsides 3 seeded.

Leaves flat, hairy ; spikes
peduncled, umbelled, the
intermediate one sessile 5
leaves of the ealyx mu-
cronate, longer than the
capsule.

Pursh, I. p. 258.

IIEXANUlUA MONOCYNIA. 411

Peremiiul. Stem 12 — 18 inches lii;;li, terete, leafy- I^dves flat,
acute, shorter tlum the stftn, liairy aloni; the in:ir{;ins, very hairj^
at the throat ot" tlie short sheath. Umbel simple. Spikea many flow-
ered. Leaves of the cafy.v ovate, acuntinato, rufous, with a membra-
naceous margin as long as the capsule. Capsule 3 angled, truncate^
3 valved, 3 seeded.

Grows near Columbia, S. Carolina ; Mr. Ilerbeiuoiit. St. Johns §
Dn Macbride.

Flowers

CAULOPHYLLUM. Mien.

Cali/x intVnis, O-pliyl- | Calf/.v inferior, 6 leav-

lus. Pdala i),Cii\ycc o\)- \ cd. i-^/'/^/.v 6, opposite the

posita. Drupa slipitata, j calyx. Di^upe stipitate,

l-spcrma. [ one seeded.

1. TUALICTROIDES.

Mich. 1. p. 20J. Pursh. 1. p. 218.
Ijcontice thalictroides, Sip. pi. 2. p. 149.

Plant about a font high, glabrous, 3 parted at the summit of the stem.
Lower lonf, when there are two (for the 3 divisions are considered as
forming but one leaf, the stem resembling a ])etiole), generally triter-
nate, divided into -27 leaflets, the upper biternate ; leaflets ovate,
acute, 2 or 3 lubed, glabrous. Flowers in panicles, produced from
the centre of the leaves : there arc frequently two panicles, with the
inner pne very smalt. Stamcti^i a.nd style very short. »S7J^jna obtuse.
Fruit a drupe, oval, dark blue when mature, supported by a club
shaped stipes 2 to 3 lines long, of the same colour with the "drupe.

Found in the mountains, in Pendleton district, by Messrs. linker
& Perry.

Flowers Apiil.

mPHYLLEIA. Mich.

Cahfx infcrus, 3-pliyl-
lus, deciduus. Corolla 6-
petala. Bacca 1-locula-
ris, 2—8 spcrnia.

1. Cymosa.

Mich. l.p. 203.

Root thick, perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, about a foot high.
Leaves always 2 on each each slem, alternate, 2 lobcd. peltaif;, iobes

Cali/x inferior, "3 leav-
ed, deciduous. Corolla
6 pctalled. Bcmj 1 ccl-
letJ, 2—3 seeded.

4iS HEXiNDlllA. MONOGYKIA.

angle(^, acaminate, serrate ; peliole Jittaclied to the leaf near an open
sinus at its lower margin, l^lowers in a terminal c^nie. Felals oval,
laro-er than tlie calvx. Filaments liall" as long as the petals. Jlntliers
ob!()ng, tvuns, the cell-s united by a membrane, and bursting as the.
membrane is loosened. Genu superior. Style very short. Stigma
cajjitate. >>efds nearly globose. Mich.

Grows near the mountain rivulets, from Virginia to Carolina.
W'ri^litsborouirh, Columbia county, Georgia.

Flowers May.

BERBERIS. Gen. pl. 595.
Cnh/x 6-ph}ilus. Pe- I Calyx 0 leaved. Pe^

tals 6, wiih ^ ,i»;land«5 on
each claw. Stj{le 0. Brr-
ry 1-cellefl, i^— 4 seeded.

Branches thickly dot-
ted : spines triple; leaves

talu 0, ad ungues gi/iritS'
lis 3. .SY/////.9 0. Baccn
l-locularis, 2-4 spernia.
1 Canad) ^SlS.
B. ramis confeitim
punetatis ; aculeis tripli-
cibus ; foliis sinij'licihus. j simple, ohovate, remotely
obovatis, leniote scnatis; I serrate; racemes shoit,
laeenus l)revil)us, snbeo- I somewh-it conmbose ;,
rymbosis; diupis vix ear / drupes scarcely iicshy.
Jiosis. Fursh, l.p. 2 9 |

Berberis vulgaris, var. Canadensis, Sp.pl. 1. p. 227. Walt, p.-
120. Mich. I. p. 205

A shrub S — 5 foet high, erect, with very many branches : the young
flhoots yellow, the old dotted, all anj.-: dar, glabrous. Leaves sessile,
o')ovate, obtuse, mucionate, with spine-like serratures, cuneate at
fcase, glabrous, by pairs on young shoots, clustered on the summits
©t the last years br.ds. Stipules a 3 jiarted s])ine at the base of each
bud. Itacemes short , 6 — 8 flowered, shooiing from the summit of
the old buds, at til st erect, afterwards nodding, iali/.v deciduous,
leaves ovate, acute, coloured Petals ovate, longer than the calvx,
jellow, witn 5i puiple nectariferous ^ glands. Fitaments half tiiG
JenKth of the petals. Jntkers nearly white, uttucned to tlie bides of
the filaments Germ superior, as long as the stamens. Stigma fiat,
^vider than the germ, perforate ? in the centre. Berry oval, red, ex*
tremely acid.

A plant of colder climates than ours, but found along the margin
of the Santee river as low down as Eutaw Springs. Dr. Macbjidc.

Flowers April. Barberry.

1 he irritability of the stamens of the European Barberry, as described
by Sir J. E. Smitli, is equally obvious in ours. If" the inner part
of each filament near the bottom" oe touched, the filament will imme-
dialelj contiact '' aiiU stiike ils anthers against the stigma.

Vida Introduction to Botantfi

Ub^AVDUlA TRfGYNIA.

TRIGYWIA.

41*

RUMKX. Gen. i'l. G18.

Cali/x 3 leaved. Pt^^
/«/5' 3, conniNing. Seed i^

8 angled.

Cnhfx S-pliylliis. /V-
tnJa 3, coiinivontia. ^c-
men 1. tri(iu('triiin.

i. S\.Nr.riNi:i s.

R. valviilis ifitcgcni-
mis, iinica conspiciic gra-
nirera ; foliis cordalo-lan-
ccolatis. Sj). pi. 2. p. ^50.

Walt. p. 126. Pursli, 1. p. 247.

Perennial. Root leaves larj^c. entire, sometimes obtuse, variegated
in a singular manner by its blood red veins. Flowers in terminal,
verlicillate panicles Calyx small, and with the corolla persistent;
alter flowering the petals increase in siz,e and close over the seed ;
(»ne ol the petals marked on tlie back with a large, globoae, red grain,
the other petals have smaller ones. Styles very short. Seed 3 angled*

IMct with occasionally around Charleston. Rare in the low coun-
try. Said by Linnreus to have been earned to Europe IVotu Virginia,-

Flowers June— Jul^-.

Valves entire, 1 conspi-
cuously bearing a grain ;
leaves cordate lanceo.
late.

Valves toothed ; one

2. PULCIIER.

R. vah ulis dcntatis ;
unica conspicue granile- I conspicuously toothed ;
ra; Ibliis radicalibus pan- | radical leaves panduri
duriforinibus. Sp pi. ;i. | Ibrm.

Root leaves oblong, with a sinus in each side, as in tlie violin.
?tein leart'i without the sinus.
An exotic, now common in the enclosures in and around Charleston*
Flowers June — July.

Valves entire, all haar-
iriir a crain ; leaves lan-

3. VCRf ICll.LXTlS.

R. valvalis int g riimi"*, |
omnibus «z;ianiiciis ; fuliis j
lanccolatis; vaginism yrni- | ccolate j sheaths c}lin
diicis. Sp. pi. I. p. ioo. I drital.

Walt. p. i22u» l*ursii, 1, p. 24y.

414

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

PerenniaL Leaves long lanceolate, narrow, acute , sheaths mem-
■fcranaceous, cylindrical, nearly half as long as the joints. Flowers
verticillate, in long, nearly simple racemes ; pedicels rather thick.
Linn.

Inserted on the authority of Walter. I have not met with it in our
low country.

Flowers

4. Bbitannicus.

R. valviilis integeni- | Valves entire, each

mis, omnibus graniferis ; | bearing a grain ; leaves
foliis lanceolatis, planis ; | lanceolate, flat ; sheaths
vaginis obsoletis. Sp. pi. | obsolete.
2. p. 250. I

Walt. p. 126. Mich, 1. p. 217. Pursh, 1. p. 248,

Perennial. iSfem 2— 3 feet high, branching, furrowed, tinned with
red. Leaves large, alternate, acute, sometimes acuminate, oDtuse at
base • petioles i — 2 inches long. Stipule a membrane attached to
the base of the petiole, withering. Flowers in a compound, terminal
panicle ; sterile and fertile jloivers mingled in the same whorl ; ped-
uncles one half an inch long, pendulous after flowering; the fertile
floret at first smaller than the sterile, but the corolla of the former en-
larges as the seed matures. Filaments very short. Anthers erect.
Germ 3 angled. Styles very short, expanding between the petals.
Stigmas feathered, white. Seeds 3 angled, with the angles very acute.

Grows in deep swamps, along the margins of fresh water rivers ;
^ery common.

Flowers April — May.

5. Crispus.

R. valvulisintegris, om-
nibus graniferis ; foHis
lanceolatis, undulatis, a-
cutis. Sp. pi. 2. p. 351.

Valves entire, each
bearing a grain ; leaves
lanceolate, undulate, a-
cute.

Perennial. Stem 1—2 feet high, angled. Radical leaves long, nar-
row, lanceolate, acute, very much waved, and curled along the mar-
gin with a long, attenuated base. Panicle terminal, sparingly branch-
ed, leafy ; leaves similar to those of the root but smaller. Flowers
in whorls on pedicels, 3 — 4 lines long.

Originally from Europe, now entirely naturalized ; very common
around buildings ; prefers a close, damp soil*

Flowers May— June.

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNlA.

415

Valves tootlied, each
bearing; a p;rain ; leaves
lanceolate, undulate, en-
tire.

6. PERSicARioinrs.

R. valvulis dcntatis,

omnibus 2;ranircris ; ibliis

lanccolati.s. undulatis, in-

tegris. Pursb, 1. p. 218.

Sp pi. 2. 2j2. Walt. p. 127.

Plant G — 12 inclips hiih, much branched. Leaves lanceolate, pcti-
olate, smooth, waved, entire. Valves of thc^fojiTr with 3 Ion;; teeth
on each side, each bearing a large, pale coloured jjrain. Linn.

Gn»\vs in shadv, wet woods, and alon;; the banks <»t' ditches, from
Virginia to Carolina, rursh.

Flowers Jiilv.

7. DlVARICATTJS ?

R. valvulis dcntatis, gra-
niferis ; foliis cordato-ob-
longis, obtusis, pubcsccn-
fibus. Sp. pi. 2. p. 253.

Valves toothed, each
bearing a grain ; leaves
cordate oblong, obtuse,
pubescent.

Plant perennial- Stem 1 — 2 feet high. Leaves cordate, oblong,
somewhat acute, finely waved along the margins, nubescenf, i)articu-
larly along the veins. Flowersi in a long, slender, leaf)- spike .-^ whorls
nearly sessile, distant. Valves of the corolla reticulate, with 4 — 5
teeth near the base; grains of unequal size, one large.

Found by Dr. Bakiwir. in the marshes of Savannah river, opposite
the city of Savannah.

Flowers June — August.

8. ACETOSELLA.

R. floribus dioicis ; | Flowers dioicous ; leaves

Inliis lanccolato-hastatis. | lanceolate hastate.
Sp. pi. 2. p. 200. I

Wait. p. 127? Mich. 1. p. 216. Pursh, 1. p. 249.

i/oo< somewhat fusiform, perennial. Stem herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet high,
slightly furrowed. Leaves entire, somewhat succulent, glabrous,
sometimes ovate or lanceolate, without auricles, on petioles 1 — 3
inches long, dilated at base. Flowers in paniculated racemes, with
fascicles 8 — 10 Howered,near together; in the sterile flower the calyx
and corolla Sir Q lanceolate, nearly equal ; the stamens 6, very short;
and only the rudiments of a germ. In tn.c fertile flower, the calyx
is linear, the corolla larger, lanceolate, strongly veined, purple,
the styles very short, the stis^mas glandular, purple; the seed 3 an-
gled, covered by the reticulate corolla.

Grows in light, sandy, poor soils ; very common.

Flowers .\pril — June.

41«

HEXANDRIA TRIGYKIA.

9. H^srATULUs. Baldwin.

K valviilis rotundato-
cordatis, integris, gi-aiii-
f.^ris ; foliis petiolatis, ob-

longo-hastatis, auticuiis | tlie auricles entire, ob.
integiis, obtusis ; floribus
dioicis- B.dd.

Valves round, cordate, en.-
tire, graniferous ; leaves
peliolatc, oblong hastatp.

tuse ; [lowers dioicous.

Hooi perennial. Ste.ni 1 — 3 feet high. In its mode of flow«ring|
and its general habit it approaches the R acctosella- The valves en-,
closing the seed become I'ed by age, at»d give the old pastures, vvhicK
this plant often entirely engrosses, a most splendid appearance. B.

Grows in arid cultivated land in the soutii of Georgia and Eust^
florid a.

Flowers April.

NECTRIS. GrjT, i'l. 610.

Calyx 6-ph}'llus. Co-
rolla 0. Capsidw 3, unU
loculares, oligospermge,
non dehiscentes.

i. Aquatic A.

N. toliis deniersis, op-
positis, multipartito-ii-
iiearibus, fluitantibus al-
ternis, ellipticis, peltatis ;
floribus racemosis. E.

Calijx 6 -leaved, 'Co-
vol la 0. Capsiilts 3, one
celled, few seeded, not^
opening.

Siil)mer3ed leaves, op-
posite, «iany paited, li-
near, the floating leaves
alternate, elliptic, peltate j
flowers in racemes,

Sp pi. 2. p. 249.

Nectris peltata, Pursh, 1. p. 239.

Caboniba aubletii, Mich. 1. p. 206.

Petenntsi Stem terete, abou^ a line in diameter, purple, brunch-
dng, very \o\\% Lower leaves opposite, near the middle generally 5
parted, towards the summits dichotomous ; segments unequal, linear,
obtuse ; upjjer leaves narrow, oval or elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, float-
ing and supporting the flowering part of the branches near the sur-
face of the water Flowers axillary, solitary , near the summit of the
branches, forming a terminal raceme; peduncles 1—2 inches long,
pubescent ? Calyx persistent, 3 exterior leaves obovate, 3 interior
oval, longer than the exterior, all white, emarginate, on short claws,
with two yellow glands near the base Filaments not iialf as long as
the ^aljx- idnthers erect, white. Germs 3, dibtinct, superior, pu-

HEWNORIA TRIGYNIA.

417

bosceni. Si ifhs taporinj;, as lonj; as tho sf.iinens. Stigma capitato,
el-iiidular. C(ip!>ulf!i oblong ovate, 1 ct'llcd, pubescent, 1 — 3 seeded.
^ h obloii^:, sniMcuhat rnii^h, slightly winded, attaclied by the sum-
;nii to the point of (lie capsule. I have seen 4 g'^rins but never 2.

Gro^vs in diiclies and stajjnant waters; at Ogeechee very^ common.

Flowers Mav.

TRKiLOCniN. GcN. pl. GlG.

Ca Ifjx G 1 c a V e d . Cornl.
la%i). St file 0. Capsule
opi'iiini; at base.

L(\ivcs terete, linear, as
loni;; as the scape ; floNV-
ers with 3—4 stamens.

Calif V G-phyllus. Co-
rolla i). Stffli/s 0. Cap-
sula l)asi dehiscens.

i. 'rUIANDUUM. Mich.

T. foliis tercti-lineari-
i)iis, scapuin sub?pquami-
l)us ; floribus 3— -i-andris.
E.

Midi. 1. p. 208. Pursh, 1. p. £47.

Lfcives erect, sniootli, acute, about 6 inclics long, sheathing; the base
of tho scape. Scape terete. Fluwers niinu-ntus, on very short ped-
uncles, generally in small clusters. Calyx most frequently 4 leav-
ed, leaves small, lanceolate, membranous, deciduous. hUaments 0.
Jlntliera sessile', 2 celled, st>meliines only 1 or '■2. Germs frequently
1, coherinj;. Style 0. Stis;ma glandular, niany cleft. Capsules
r, — 4, gibbous at base, united by succulent, spongy, hollow membranes
reisenibliiia; false cells. Seed one in each cell, oblong.

This species appears to be very variable in the niimbcr of its an-
tluTS and gertns.

Grows on sands overflowed by salt water.

Flowers July — August.

MELANTHIUM. Gen. tl. 618.

Calf/x 0. Corolla Ci-pc-
talla, pateiis. Filavunta
ex un2;uibus clon2;atis hi-
gland ulosis coroli;e. Cap-
sulcc 3, intlatte, basi con-
natse. Sem'ma \)\wriX^^\xh-
plana, alata.

-E 8

Cahjx 0. Corolla G pe-
tallcd, expanding;. Fila-
meiits arisins; from the
long Inglarulular claws of
the petals. Capsules 3,
intlated, connate at base.
Scrds numerous, gencriil*
\y flat, >vinged.

41S

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

Panicle ])vramidal ; pe
tals oval, somewhat has
tate, flat ;
erallv fertile.

flowers gen-

1. VlRGINICUM.

M. panicula pyramida-
la; petalis ovalihus, sub-
hastatis. planis ; floribus
plerumqiie fertilibus. —
Pursli, 1. p. 240.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 266. Mich. 1- p. 251.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, terete, clothed with a dense and short pubes*
cence, leafy. Leaves long, linear lanceolate, flat, embracing the steni^
but not sheathing. F/ou'<^rs #n a terminal panicle, crowded on the
branches, polygamous, dioicous. Petals greenish white, becoming
brown with age, bearing 2 ;ilands near the base. Germs 3, superior.'
Styles 3, somewhat divaricate, persistent.

Grows in Carolina ; very rare in the low country.

Flowers June — July.

2. MoNOicuM. Walt.
M. panicula inferne
mascula, superne- femi-
iiea, racemosa ; petalis
oblongis, planis, brevi-un-
giiiculatis ; stylis germine
duplobrevioribus. Pursh,
l.p. S41.

Walt. p. 125.

Flowers smaller than in the preceding species. Pursh.
Grows in the mountains of Virginia and Carolina.
Flowers July.

Panicle with the lower
flowers sterile, the upper
fertile, and in racemes ;
petals oblong, flat, with
short claws ;, styles half
the length of the germ.

Panicle pubescent, ra-
cemose; petals orbicular,
plaited, with long claws ;.
glands united.

3. Hybridum Walt.

M. panicula pubescente,
racemosa ; petalis orbicu-
latis. plicatis, longe un-
guicu atis ; glandulis co-
ahtis. E.

Walt. p. 125. Pursh, 1. p. 241.
IV'elanthium racemosum, Mich. 2. p. 251.

Stem 2 feet high, terete, slightly striate, leafy. Leaves^ long,
linear, j.early glabro'is, embracing the stem, the midrib rather
distinct. Faniele lon^, composed of simple racemes. Flowers some-.

IIEXANDRIA TRIC^-^IA,

4tO

uhat <H-^t.iiit, on podunclcH twice the length of the petals; sterile
and fVitiU' lldweis interiiiiiij;lcd in each panicle. Petals persititent,
orbicular, plaited, the niars^ins waved or repand ; glands torminj^ au
eniaru;inate circle, at the suinnut of the claw, with a furrow along the
centre. StnuiPii!* as lon;^ as tlie petals. Utiflea expandin;;.

Sciit fnun Lituisville, (jcur;;ia, l)v Mr Jackson, .\ujrusta ; Dr.
Wray. Fount! also in the mountains et" Carolina, by Dr. Mucbiidc-

Flowers May — July.

VERATRUM.

Corolla 0. partita, pa
tens ; laciiiiis sessilibus,
c,2;laii(liilusi.s. Slanniia
rrceptaculo inserta. Cap-
suite 3, polyspcrmai.

1. ViRIDE.

V. Ibliis Iato-ovalil)us,
plicatis ; raccinis panicu-
latis ; corollpc laciniis ob-
longo, ovalibus, aciuis. —
Mich. 2. p. 249.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 896. Pursh, 1. p. 242.

Plant pubescent, 3--G feet high. Root leaves large. Flowers
greenish yellow.

Grows alonu; the mountain streams from Canada to Carolina.
Flowers July.

Corolla 6 parted, ex-
patnlini; ; the secinieiits
sessile, without glands.
Stamens inserted on the
iecepta{ les. Capsules 3,
many seeded.

Leaves broad, oval,
plaited ; racemes pani-
cled ; segments of the
corolla oblong, oval, a-
cutc.

2. Parviflort'.m. Mich.

V. ibliis ovali-lancco-
latis, planis, glabri^ ; pan-
icuHs gracilibus. patenti-
bus ; pctalis utrinque a.
cutis, staminiferis.

Leaves oval, lanceolate,
flat, glabrous ; panicle
slender, expanding ; pe-
tals acute at each end,
beariiic; the stamens.

Mich. 2. p. 250. Pursh, 1. p. 242.

Michaux, to whom wc are indebted for our knowledge of this plant,
remarks, that the branches of the panicle are filiform ; thcjl'iu'ers
;;reen, on short footstalks ; the corolla without glands ; (hat in its
foliation and habit it roscnd)les the Veratrum, but is allied to tlie Melan-
thium by its staminiferous petals.

Grows among the highest mountains of Carolina.

Flowers July.

430 ilEXANDRlA TRIGYNIA.

3. Angustifolium. Pursli.

V. floribus dioicis ; pan- | Flowers dioicous ; pan-
icula simplici ; petalis li- | icle simple; petals linear ;
nearibus ; foliis longissi- | leaves very long, linear,
mis, linearibus, carinatis. j keeled.
Pursh, 1. p. 243. I

Flowers greenish yellow. Pursh.

Grows among the mountains of Virginia and Carolina.

Flowers June.

ZIGADENUS. Mich.

Corolla hexapetala, | Corolla 6 petalled, ex-
patens ; laciniis supra ba- | panding ; with a glands
sin angustatam biglandu- | above the narrowed base
losis. Capsula membra- | of the segments. Cap-
nacea, 3 locularis. Seini- \ sule membranaceous, 3
7/fl plurima, aptera. | celled. -S'^eJs many, with-

I out wings.

1. Glaberrimus.

Z. scapo folioso ; brae- | Scape leafy ; bracteas

teisovatis,acun.inatis;pe- | ovate, acuminate ; petals

talis acuminatis. Pursh, | acuminate.

1. p. 241. I

Mich. 1. p. 214.

Melanthium virginicum ? Walt. p. 125.

Hoot tuberous, perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, terete, 3 — 4 ^eet
high. Leaves sessile, linear lanceolate, acute, glabrous, slightly
channelled, 8 — 14 inches long, 5 — 6 lines wide. Flowers in a termi-
nal panicle. Calyx 0. Petals equal, persistent. Filaments 6, as
long as the corolla, dilated at base, and inserted into the petals at
their junction with the germ. Germ superior, 3 angled. Styles 3,
shorter than the stamens, nearly united at base. Stigmas simple,
obtuse. Capsule 3 sided, with the angles obtuse, furrowed, 3 celled,
3 valved, pointed with the persistent styles. Seeds many (4—8) in
each cell, angled, oblong, slightly furrowed, the angles slightly wing-
ed and extending a membranous summit beyond the apex of the seed.

Grows along the margins of swamps, ponds, &c.

Flowers July— September.

IICXANDRIA TUIGYNIA.

4S1

IIELONIAS. Gen. pl. 622.

Ciihjx 0. Corolla 6 pc-
tallt'd: petals flut, sessile.
Capsule 3 celled, few
seeilcil.

Leaves linear, very
ion*; ; scape leafy ; cap-
sule shortened, divari-
cate : seeds ovate.

Califx 0. Corolla ()-pe-
tala ; |)('talis planis. sessi-
lilms. Capsula S-locula-
ris, oli2;ospcrnia.

i. EimHROSPERMA.

H? toliis iineari-Ion2;is-
siniis ; scapo Iblioso ;
capsula abhreviata, diva-
ricata ; seniinibus ovatis.
Pers. 1. p. 31)9. I

Mich. 1. p. 212. Pursh, 1. p. 242.
Melanthium Isetuni, Sp. pl. 2. p. 207.
Mclanthium musccctoxicum, Walt. p. 125.

Itoot bulbous. Stem 2 feet liiuli, leafy, glabrous. Leaves lon^, li-
near, 5 — 6 lines wide, obtuse, glabrous, nervctl, slightly channelled,
generally growing from tlie root, but soioe also from the stem, dimin-
ishing in size near the summit. t'luuers in a terminal simple
raceme. Peduncles longer than the Mowers. Petals ovate, ses-
sile, persistent. Stamens rather longer than the petals. ^ntheri>
white. Germs 5, superior, with the suinmifs divaricate. Stigmas
simple. Capsules 5, iinit«*(l at base Seed ovate, covered Avith a
fleshy integument which becomes (jf a bright red colour when ripe.

The structure of the capsule in this species approaches to that of
V'cratrum, but its seed and habit indicate another genus.

Grows in sha^ly, rich soils.

Flowers April — May. lied-seeded Uelonias. Fly poisoii.

This plant is a narcotic poison, and is employed in some families
for destroying the house-lly. The bulbs are triturated and mixed
with molasses or honey, and tlic prepaiatioJi is spread upon plates
and placed in parts of the house most infested. 'J'he Hies are soon
attracted, and the poison takes ellect while they are sipping it. Thcj
arc perceived to stand unsteadily, totter, and lall supine. The flies,
uidess swept into a fire or otherwise destroyed, revive in the course #d
twenlv-four hourb. -.y

2. Angustifolia. Mich.

H. foliis lincari-subu-
iatis ; scapo folioso ; cap-

Leaves linear, subulate
scape leafy ; capsule ol>-

4S3

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

long, with

.^, ...... the summit

appressed ; seeds linear.

sula ohlonga, apicibus ap-
pressis ; seminibiis li-
nearibus. E.

Mich. 1. p. 212. Pursh, 1. p. 242.

■ Root fibrous, perennial. Stem about 2 feet liigli, terete, glabrous..
Leaves very long, linear, acute, mucli narrower than in the preceiiing
species ; upper leaves minute. Flowers in a terminal, simple ra-
ceme ; peduncles longer tlian the flowers. Petals persistent, -^ffl-
inens longer than the petals. Capsules 3, tvvice as long as the petals,
3 angled, acute, cohering to the very summit. (Seeds linear. Mich.)L

Grows in damp soils, generally in pine barrens.

Flowers May — June.

3. ASPHODKLOIDES.

H. scapo folioso ; ra-
cemo oblongo, conferto ;
bracteis setaceis ; fila-

Scape leafy ; raceme
oblong, crowded ; brac-
teas setaceous ; filaments
wide at base, as long as
the corolla ; leaves subu-
late, setaceous.

mentis basi latioribus, co-
roUani sequantibus ; fo-
liis subulato-setaceis. —
Pursh, 1. p. 343.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 275.

Hoot bulbous .^ Flowers white, small. Pursh.

Grows en the sandy plains of New-Jersey and Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers May — June.

4. DuBiA. Mich.

H ? foliis angustis-
sime longissimeque gra-
mineis ; scapo nudo ; spi-
ca gracili ; floribus par-
vis, sessilibus. Mich. 1.
p. S13.

Pursh, 1. p. 244.

Stem 2--2i feet high. Fruit unknown. Mich
Grows in sandy soils, in Georgia and Florida.
Flowers

Leaves grass-like, very
long and narrow ; scape
naked ; spike slender ;
flowers small, sessile.

iiEXANnniA trt(;yt?ta.

423

3. Gkamine V. Holt. Kcw.

Scape Icafv, panicled; ra-
cemes divaricate ; leaves
linear, chaiuielled, glau-
cous underneath.

II ? scapo I'olioso, pan-
iculato ; raccn)is (li\ aii-
catis : luliis linearil>iis,»
canaliculalis, subtus glau-
cis.

But. Map;. No 1509. Pui^li. 2. p. 73.3.

Itont a small bulb. Scape about 2 feot hiu;h, with small, and frt^
quently rocurvcd branclu's. Petals oblonu;, acuminate. Stamein
much shorter- tliaii the petals.

Found on the imtiiutains of Georgia, by Mr. Lyon. Saluda moun-
tains, Dr. Macbiide

Flowers July — August.

G. DioicA.

H ? fuliis lanceolatis.
riul>carnosis, cneiNil>us,
radicalihus spalhulatis ;
raccmis simplicibus, con-
tbrtis. dioicis. E.

Leaves lanceolate, some-
what succulent, witliout
neives, the radical leaves
spathulatc ; racemes sim-
ple, crowded, dioicous.

-Melanthium dioicuni, Walt. p. 120.
Vcratrum luteum. .Sp. pi. 4. p. 897.
llelonias lutea, llort. Kew. 2. p. 330.

Hoot tuberous .'' prtcmorse, perennial. Stem herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet
high, slightly angled, glabrous. liadical haves 3 — 4 inches long, the
stem leaves narrower, becoming almost linear, all entire, vciy gla-
brous ; pedicels shorter than the flowers. Petals linear, oljtuse,
white. In the sterile floirers the fdamenta arc longer than thu corolla;
anthers 2 lobed, aOixcd to the sides of the filaments, no rudiment of a
genn. In the fertile Jlowers t\w Jilaments are short, imperfect ; }^erm
deej)lv 3 furrowed ; style 0 : stia:inus 3, rellected; capsules ovate, ap-
pressed to the receptacle, 3 furrowed, 3 celled; seeds many in each
cell, angled, acute.

The I^inniean specific name is inapplicable, as the flowers are per-
fectly white : when dried they become yellow.

Professor Ives, of New-Haven, has frccjui-ntly used the root of (his
plant, which is very bitter, as a tonic, and mudi commends its cflicacy
in checking nausea and vonuting. He exhibits it in the form of in-
fusion.

Grows in <lamp, poor soils ; very common.

Flowers May. JJevWs bit — Blazing-star.

The Helonias and its kindre<l genera, (Mclantiiium, V'eratrum and
Zigadenus), appear to me yet to recpiire a careful examination. In-
stead of formin;; but one t^enus, as lias lately been suggested by some
European botanists, the Helonia^, as now described, seems to contain
the rudiments of three distinct genera. I have liad no opportunitj

424< HEXANDRTA TRIGYNlA.

lately of examining these plants in a living state, and comparino; their
fruit with the accuracy that -would be necessary for a new disti ibu-
tion ; I have therefore followed the latest arrangement that has been
made of them, and merely offer this hint for the consideration of those
mIio may have better opportunities of making correct researches.

TOFIELDIA. Hudson.

Calyx 3 -fid us. Corolla
6'petala. Capsulce 3, ba-
si junctie, polyspermjc.

1. PuBENS. Mich.

T. caule scabro ; fioi i-
bus racemosis, gemmis
trifloris. E.

Calyx 3 cleft. Corolla
6 petalled. Capmks 3,
united at base, man v seed-

ed.

Stem scabrous ; flowers
in racemes, buds 3 flow-
ered.

T. pubescens, Pursh, 1. p. 246.
Narthccium pubens, Mich. 1. p. £09.
Melanthium racemosuni, Walt. p. 126.

Root perennial, somewhat tuberous. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, simple,
naked near the summit, with the peduncles covered and ;oughened
with a glandular pubescence. Leaves ensiform, narrow, very acute,
sometimes acuminate glabrous ; the upper one very small, the lower
(5 — 8 inches long, 3-4 lines wide. Peduncles as long as the flower.
Calyx \evy small, 3 toothed, scabrous. Corolla 1 petalled ^ divided
to the base ; segments lanceolate and obovate, alternately larger,
glabrous, green, purplish at the point. Stamens as long as the corol-
la, attached to its base. Germ superior, somewhat 3 angled, furrow-
ed. Styles short, expanding. Stigmas capitate. Capsule 3 angled,
with the angles rounded, 3 valved, 3 celled. Seeds 2 in each cell,
oval, oblong.

In this species the capsules are not distinct.

Grows in wet pine barrens. Very common around the ponds and
savannahs in the middle country.

Flowers July — September.

S. Glaberrima. Macbride.

T. glaberrima ; floribus
racemosis ; gemmis ap-
proximatis, fere verticil-
latis, unifloris. E.

Root thick, somewhat tuberous, perennial. Stem terete, 2 — 3 feet
high, leafy near the base. Leaves linear, gladiate, very acute, sheath-

Very glabrous ; flowers
in racemes ; buds ap-
proximate, nearly verti-
cillate, 1 flowered. ,

'5

HEXAKDRIA TRIGYNIA.

495

,u'^ tuo sniu at tlicir hast*. Flowers much nxoie crow'led than In the
'I'. pubniH, |)e(liiiiclf«* sliitittT, and tlu* Imds, wliich arc one flowered,
are jietioi ally collccft-d -4 w :y to<;etluT at >liort infervaU, surroutulinsj
tlio sfcin, tlmu'^jh i.ot rt';^ularly vorticillate Cali^x sinall, 3 lootht-d.
I'ftals oblono;, oval, white. ^Stamens rallier Unger than the corolla.
Filumi'iils (lilattMl. Gfrm 3 angled. •Vylfs s'lort, expanding. Uti^
tuas obtuse. Cnpsnlrs a little divaricate at tlic hUinmit.

Tlie scpfis I have not been able to di>titiirui!»h.

Found bv Dr. M:icbiide, near the iivultts ut the sand hilU near
Columbia, J^outh-Cartdina.

Flower^ October.

NOLIXA. Mien.

Corolla 6 parfet!, CT-
paiidiiig. 67/y/^s very
short. Capsule 3 angled,
incinhranuceous, :) cell-
ed. Seed solitary, con-
vex on one side.

Corolla 6-partita, pa-
lens. Stjfli brcvissipii.
Capsula 3-gona, menibi-a-
nacca, 3-locularis. Sf^-
mina solitaria, Iiinc con-
vexo-incurva.

i. Gkorgiana.

Mich. 1. p. 208. Pursh, l.p.240.

Bulh very large, tunicated. Leaves Ion* linear, coriaceous, drr,
scabrttus alony; the edjjes. -Scnpe 2 — 3 feet hi^h. furnished near tie
ba^e witli small subulate scales. Floivers in a spreading; ract'mose
panirle, small, white. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Sti'^nias
recurvetl, obtuse. Seed with a hollo a on the interior anj^le, common-
ly only one coming to maturity in each capsule. Mich.

I u>e t!ie description of Michuux for tliis plant. 1 have seen the
oot and leaves but n^t the flower nor SL*ed.

(jrows on the driest sand hills, between Orangeburgh and Columbia,
South-Carolina.

Flower* April ?

MEDEOLA.

Cahfx 0. Corolla 0-
partita, revoluta. JBucca
3-sperma.

1. VlUGlNICA.

M. foliis in medio raulc
verticillatis, suinmiiatc
ternis, lanceolatis, acuini-
V 3

Cdlffv 0. Corolla ft
[)arted. rcvolutc. Berry
3 seeded.

Leaves verticillate a-
round the middle of llie
stem, by tinces at tUe

4tQ

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

summit, lanceolate, acu--.
minate, entire ; pedicels
clustered, terminal.

natis, infegernmis ; pedi-
cellis aggregates, termi-
XialibuSi Pursh, 1, p. :e44.

Sp. pi. £. p. 270. Walt. p. 126. Mich 1 . p. 214.

Perennial. Stem herbaceous, 12 — 15 inches high, terete, furnished
at each joint near the base with small sheaths, (clothed with a decid-.
nous wool. Mich.) Leaves forming a 6 — 8 leaved whorl above the
middle of the stem, and a S leaved whorl at the summit ; all lanceo-
late, acuminate, entire, 3 nerved, membranows. Flowers few ter-
minal, shooting from the centre of the upper whorl. Corolla pale
yellow. Stamens longer than the corolla. Styles expanding, longer
^an th« stamens.

Grows in rich, shaded and moist soils, generally under beach trees.-
flowers May — July. Virginian Medeola%

Indian cucumber.

TRILLIUM.

CflZ/yo: 3 leaved. Corolla
3 petalled. Berry 3 cel-
led.

Flower sessile, erect ;
petals lanceolate, erect,
twice as long as the ca-
lyx ; leaves sessile, wide,
oval, acute.

falyx a-phyllus. Co-
rolla 3-petala. Bacca 3-
locularis.

i. Sessile.

T. flore sessili, erecto ;
petalis lanceolatis, erectis,
calyce duplo longioribus ;
foliis sessilibus, lato-oval-
ibus, acutis. Pursh, l. p.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 272. Walt. p. 126. Mich. 1. p. 215.

Root thick, solid, with rings on the circumference, which, perhaps^
indicate each years growth. Stem herbaceous, 6 — 12 inches high,
glabrous, spotted, with small decaying sheaths at base. Leaver
3 at the summit of the stem, ovate, or oval, acute, 5 nerved, the
2 exterior obsolete, curiously spotted. Flowers sessile on the
summit of the stem. Calyx 3 leaved, leaves oblong, ovate, erect,
glabrous, green. Petals spathulate, lanceolate, erect or connivent,
twice as long as the calyx, dark purple. Filaments flat, rigid, not
hair as long as the calyx, dark purple. Anthers linear, attached to
the sides ot tiie filaments, pale purple. Germ superior, ovate, 3 an«
gled. Styles short, expanding. Stigma obtuse. Berry glabrous,,
depressed, dark purple.

Grows in rich, high lands. The snly specie* found near the seft.
coast.

riowe»"« March— AprH*

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIAr

42^^

JB. VrsiixuM. Mich.

T. foliis ovali-ol)loiip;is,
obtusis, scssilibus ; pc-
diinculo crecto ; pctalis
calycc vix lonf^ioribuB.

Leaves oval, oblong,
obtuse, sessile ; peduncle
erect ; petals scarcely
longer than the calyx.

Mich. l.p. 215.

T. puiniluin, Pursh, 1. p. 245.

Plant humble. L^rtrrs sesile. Pefafs of a pale flesh colour. Mich^
Grows in tlie pine barrens of the low country of Carolina.
Flowers

3. E RECTUM.

T. pc(hinculo inclinato,
flore nutante ; petahs o-
vatis, acuminatis, plaiiis,
patentilnis, calycc latiori-
biis ; foliis lato-rhom-
boidcis, acuminaiis, sessi-
libus. Fursli, i. p. 245.

Peduncle inclining;,
flower nodding ; petals
ovate, acuminate, flat,
expanding, wider than
the calyx ; leaves wide,
rhoinlioidal; acuminate,
sessile.

Sp. pi. 2 p. 271

T. rlioinboiiieum, far. a, b. Mich. 1. p. 215.

Peduncles 2-3 inches lonj;, nearly erect.

Var. a. antrnpurpureum ; with flowers large ; petals dark purpleu
b. album; with llowers about half tlie size of the preceding;
petals wliite, obtuse, acuminate. Mich. Berries darj^
purple
"Grows in boggy soils, on the raohntains.
Flowers May.

4. Or AND IF LOR UM. Sallsburv.

Peduncle erect ; petals
longer than the calyx,
connivent at base.

T. pcdunculo crecto ;
pctalis calyce longioribus,
basi conniventibus. Hort.
Kew. 2. p. 329.

Pursh, 1. p. 24G.

T. rhomboideum, far. b. ? grandiflorum, Mich. 1. p. 216.

Flower slightly nodding. Petala much larger than the calyx, ivhitt
Berries dark purple. Leaves rhoinboidal, acute.
Grows in rocky, rich, damp soils, in tlie mountains.
Flowers May.

4S8

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

5. Erythrocarpum. Mich*

T. pedunciilo reclinato ;
petalis ovali-Ianceolatis,
acuiis, recurvatis. calyce
subduplo-longioribus; fo-
liis ovatis, acuminalis, ba-
si rotundalis, abrupte at-
tenuatis.

.: Mich. 1. p. 216.
T. pictum, Pursh, 1, p. 244.

Leaves very wide for their length, when large almost cordate, as
noticed by Micliaux. Peduncle nearly an inch long. Corolla white,
with purple veins at base.

Grows in bogs, on high mountains ; Pursh. Perdleton county,
South-Carolina J Messrs. Baker &, Perry.

Peduncle declining ; pe-
tals oval lanceolate, acute,
recurved, twice as long
as the calyx ; leaves o-
vate, acuminate, rounded
at base, abruptly attenu-
ate.

6. Pendulum. Wilkl. Hort. Berol.

T. pedunculo brevi, re-
curvati), flore pendulo ;
pttalis ovatis, acuniinatis,
patentibus, calycem se-
quantibus ; toliis subro-
tundo-rhomboitleis, acu-
niinatis, subsessilibus.

Pursh, 1. p. 246.

Peduncle short, re-
curved, flower pendu-
lous ; petals ovate, acu-
minate, expanding, about
as large as the calyx ;
haves nearly round,
rhoinboidal, acuminate,
somewhat sessile.

Leaves nearly round, with an abrupt, slender and rather long acu-
wination. {^Peduncle incWnei], Pursh.) In my specimens the pedun-
cle is more recurved an<i shorter than in tlie T. cernuum. Flowers
small. Leaves of the caly.v ovate, acuminate. (Petals of a dirty
white, with netted veins. Pursh.)

(jrows in the mountains, from Pennsylvania to Carolina.

Flowers April—May.

7. Cernuum.

T. pedunculo recurva-
to ; petalis lanceolatis,
acuminatis, planis, reflex-
is, calycem sequantibus ;
foliis diiutato-rhomboide-

Peduncle recurved ;
petals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, flat, reflected, as
long as the calyx ; leaves
dilated, ihomboidal, ab-

inXVNDRTA TRIG^TfflA-

429

rujitly acuminate, on short
petioles.

Is, alMMiptc acumiDatis,
brevisjiiine pcliolaiis.
Piiisli, 1. ]). HhJ.

J!ip. pi. £. p. 271.

The largest sppcies yet known in tMs genus. Pursh says the
leares ar« somelino* 9 inches wide: pi'«luiicle8 -2 — 3 indies long,
perhaps longer in lar;^c plants. I'ctals wliite. 1 have specimens from
the mountains of Carolina in .vhich the peihidcleH arc scarcely an iuclx
long, and the petals rather larger than the leaves of the calyx.

Grows in shadoil, rich, rocky soils.

Flowers April — May.

Peduncle recurved ;
petals lanceolate, larsier
tfian the calyx ; leaves
ohovate and oval, acumi-
nate, tapering at base.

8. CATE<»n.r.i. E.
'I', peduriculo recurva-

to ; potalis laiiccola'is, ca-
lyce njajori!)Us ; tbiiis o-
hovalis oviirr)U.sqae, acu-
miiiaiis, basi attenuatis.
E.

Catesby, Carol. I. p. 45. t. 45.
T. ccrnumn, Mich. 1. p. 216.*'

leaves 4 — 6 inches long, rather obovate, 3 inches wide, tapcrino;
to the base and not abruptly acuminate at tiio summit. Petals lance-
olate, expanding, undulate .^ rose coloured. Leaves of the calyx long,
narrow.

It is remarkable with what facility we sometimes drop the species
of our predecessois as inaccurate, when t!>ey have not recently
occurred to our observation. Pursh says, under the T. ccrnuum,
on the authority of Sir James I'^. !Smith, that tlie figure of Catesby is
so inaccurate it cannot be <|uoted without creating confusion , yet
I have before mo specimens agreeing minutely with the fi:;ure of Cates
by, and collected in Pendleton at the head waters of the Saluda and
Savannah rivers, precisely where l'atesl)y informs us his plant was
found. This is probably the original T. cernuum of Linnreus,but that
name has been transferred to another plant.

Pendleton county. South-Carolina; Mesra. Baker & Perry.

Flower* April — May.

9. NcRVosi .M. E.

T. pcdiinciilo recurva- | Peduncle recurved ;

to ; petalis ol>longo-lan- I petals oblong lanceolate,
ceolatis, calyce niajori- j lai cer than the calyx ;
bus i loliis lanceolatis o- | leaves lanceolate and o-

430 HEXAKDRIA TRIGYNIA.

vate, acute at each end,
membranaceous, nerved^

vatisque, utrinque acutis,
membranaceis, nervosis.
E.

Plant 6 — 8 Inches high. Leaves generally narrower than thosfe of
the T. sessile, most commonly lanceolate, membranaceous, somewhat 8
nerved. Peduncles about an inch long. Petals rose coloured.

Grows in the upper and middle country of Georgia and Carolina*
Athens ; Mr. Green. Tlie T. cernuum of Walter probably belongs to
this species.

Flowers April — May.

This genus is a very iuteresting one. Under great simplicity and conformity
of habit, 3 leaves at the summit of a stem, supporting one solitai^' terminal
flower, it contains and conceals many species. To those inserted above, I will
add two species still in my herbarium, although I do not know that they are na-
tives of the Southern States. I am indebled for them to Mr. Kin of Philadelphia,
by whom they were collected in the mountains of Pennsylvania

T. ■unihilaUim. Foliis ovatis, acuminatis ; flore pedunculato erecto; petalis
©blongis, undulatis, patentibus. Kin

Leaves sessile, ovate ; peduncle short, erect ; petals much larger than the
calyx

This is probably the T. undulatum of Willdenow. (Hort. Berol.) Pursh, un-
der his T. pictum, refers to Willd. But to the T. pictum this plant has no af-
finity It is the only species I have seen with a real ovate, sessile leaf.

T. frurprirenm. Kin. Foliis spathuiato-ovatis, acuminatis, venoso-nervosis r
flore pedunculato cernuo ; ])etalis calyce majoribus, atro-purpureis

This species is most nearly allied to T. cernuum^ from which, however, it m.
sufficiently distinct.

SABAL.

>*-

Spathce partiales. Fil- \ Spathes partial. Fila
amenta libera, basi incras- | me?its free, thickened at
sata. Bacca? l-sperma. | base. Bavrij l-seeded.
Sen I en osseum. ( Seed bony.

1. PUMILA. Walt.

Sabal Adansoni, Pursh, 1. p. 2S9. Pers. 1. -d 399.
Chamffirops acaulis, Mich. 1. p. 207.
Corypha pumila, VValt. p. 119.
Rhapis acaulis, Sp pi. 4. p. 1093.

iJoof creeping. StemO Lmi-cs flabelIiform,3 — 4 feet high. Stipes
unequally compressed, naked. Scape 4 — 6 feet high, panicled. Flow-
ers nearly sessile, small. Calyx 3 parted. Corolla 3 cleft. Berry
rather drupe, nearly round, bluish black.

Grows very abundantly on the sea islands, along the coast of Caro-
lina and Georgia ; covering in many places the most sandy soils;-
Scarcely diflTering from the next genus.

Flowers June — Augusts Dwarf palmett&f

HEXANDRTA TItlGYNIA.

431

CHAM.EROPS.

Spathn comprcssa. Spa-
ill ramosus. ('altf.v 3-
j)arlitiis. Corolla 8-pc-
tala. Filamrnta siibmo-
nodclpha. Dvitjnc 3, ino-
nospcrnuL'.

i. Seriiulata.

C. caudicc rcpente :

stipitihus aculeato-scna-

tis; fVondibus plicato-pal-

niatis Pursh, 1. p. 289.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1155. Mich. 1 . p. 206.

Fronds about 2 feet high, w\th the stem on stipes most sliarply ser*
rate. Scape paniculate Flowers «inall, only one germ comin<»- to
maturity, producinij; a bluish black drupe. °

Grows on tlie southern inlands of (Jarolina ; more common in Geor*
gia, where it extends through the flat pine barrens.

Flowers July — Augnst,

•S^)/^///^ compressed. Spa-
dix bianchiiii:;. Calijx 3
palled. Corolla 3 p' tai-
led. Filaments somewhat
monodcl pilous. Drupes
3, one seeded.

Caiidex creeping, stipes
sharply serrate ; frond?
plaited palmate.

Caiidex creepins;; stipes
interFninded with long:
thorns ; Ironds plaited^
pahnate.

2. TIystrix. Fraser.

C. caudice rcpente ;
stipitihus aculcis longissi-
mis intcrniixtis ; frondi-
bus plicato-palmatis. —
Pursh, 1. p. 240.

This palm was first noticed by the late IMr. Fraser. The leaves
or fronds attain tlie height of 4 — 5 feet. It is remarkable for the
thorns, like porcupine tjuiils, whicli grow from the root intermingled
with the fronds. It is found in rich, clayey soils, along the margins of
swamps, and from its peculiar deep green coldUr, is sometimes called
" blue palmetto "

Flowers June — August.

3. PATiMETTO.

C. caudice arboreo

Caudcx arborescent

stipitibus inermibus ; spa- | stij)es unaroied ^ spatlies

48S

HEXVNDItlA TETRAGYNIA.

doubled ; fronds plaited,

this duplicatis ; frondibus

plicato-palmaiis. Sp. pi. palmate.

p. 1 i55.

Mich. 1. p. 200. Pursli, 1. p 240.
Cnrypha palmetto, Walt. p. Ii9.
Mich. Arbies forest.

Stem sometimes attaining a height of 40 — 50 fcef, 12 — 15 inches in
diameter. The fronds 5 or 6 feet in lengtli. growing at the very
summit of tl>€ tree,. Floivers in naked panicles. Drupe bluish black.

This palm possesses a great, and to tliis country an increasing value.
It i-^ the only tree produced in our forests which is not attacked oy
the teredo navalis or ship-worm ; and as it is incorruptible in salt-
%vater, its value for submarine construction is almost incalculable.

Its leaves can be employed in tUv manufacture of hats, baskets,
mats, and many other purposes of domestic economy ; and the " cab-
bage" composed of the unexpanded embrvo leaves may be classed
aniotig the most delicious vegetables produced on our tables. It is
however a wasteful luxuiy, as the tree always perishes when deprived
of this part of its foliage

Grows along the sea coast of Carolina and Georgia, confined to the
neighborhood of salt-water j preferring damp, rich soils.

Flowers Juue — July. Tall palmetto.

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TETRAGYJSIA.

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SAUIIURUS.

Calyx an amentum with
1 flowered scales. Corol-

la 0.
ed.

Berries 4, i seed-

Calyx amentum squa-
mis unifluris. ( 'orolla
0. Bacccc 4, monosper-
mse.

i. Cernuus.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 292. Mich. 1. p. 218. Pursh, 1 p. 252.
Anon, aquatic. Walt- p. 127.

Rout perennial, somevi^hat creeping. Stem herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet
high, furrowed, hairy. Leaver alternate, cordate, slightly acuminate,
entire, pubescent, a little glaucous underneath Floivers in spikes,
opposite the leaves, cernuous Calyx 1 leaved, tubular, hairy, the tube
Bplit on the upper side, the border lanceolate, acute, shorter than the
tube. Filaments 6, longer than the calyx, inserted at the base of the
germ. Jinth%rs attached to the sides oi" the filaments. Germs 3—5,

IIEXANDRIA m:\'AGYNlA,

439

iti()*;t e:tnierally 4, unitcil on tlie inner »i»lc on pedicels 51s lone4Wth^->w
tubo of tlif ( alyx Stigmas sliorter tlian tlie stamens, ubtU8e,|ljfleated. - "^
Grows in bojrs and ponds ; very common. / '/''

Flowers May — July. Sivaihp' tilljfi

The fresh rout is bruised and applied cold in form of a poultice ^
inilauicd surfaces as an emollient and discuticnt. \ r' \ \

HEXAGYXIA^

WW www «'V%\

WENDLANDIA. Willd.

CnJifx 6 leaved.
roUa G petal led.
snlcs 0, I -celled, i
cd.

Co.

Cap^
seed-

Cahjx O-phyllus. Co-
roUa fi-petala. Capsnlcc
G, uniloculares, moiio-
^pcrmsB.

1. POPULIFOLIA.

Sp. pi 2. p. 275. Pursh, 1. p. 252.

Stem shrubby, scandent, with terete branches, tlie younfjer pube3#
cent and striata. Ijeaves. alternate, petiolate, cordate, ovate, mucro-
iiatc as with a eland, entire, veined, u;l«ibrous above, pubescent un-
derneath. J'etinlnt long, pubescent Racemes simple, half as long as
the petioles. aboA e the axils. Peduncles, bracteas and calyx exter-
nally pubescent. Flowers small, white. Willd.

This plant has hitherto escaped the researches of all of our botan«-
ists. P'.irsh supposes it to be the Cissampelos smilacina of LiiuKtus,
tiie Menispcrmum Carolinianum of Walter and Michaux ; yet I can-
not reconcile the '• capsules 0, one celled, one seeded," of tlic Wend-
fandia to the one seeded berry of the Meniiipcrnium.

Grows in Carolina. Willd. Poplaj-4eaved ff'endlanduh

POLYGYRIA.

ALISMA. Gen. pl. 625.

Cahix 3-phyllus. Pe-
tala 3. Cap.sulcc plurcs,
monospcrmop.

g3

Cali/x 3 leaved. Petafs
3. Capsules many, one
seeded.

434t

HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA,

1. Trivia LIS. Pursh.

A. foliis ovalibus, cor-
datisque, obtusissimis. 9-
nervibus ; floribus verti-
cil lato paniculatis ; fruc-
tibus obtuse trigonis. —
Pursh, i.p i52.

Alisma plantago, Mich. l.p. 218.

Grows in ditches and ponds, from Carolina to Florida. Pursh.
Flowers July.

Leaves oval, cordate,
very obtuse, 9 nerved ;
flowers in verlicillate
panicles ; fruit obtusely
3 angled.

Leaves oval and cor-
date, slightly acuminate,
7 nerved ; flowers in ver-
ticillare panicles; fruit ob-
tusely 3 angled.

2. Parviflora. Pursh.

A. foliis ovalibus cor-
datisque, paulo acuinina-
tis, 7-nervibus ; floiitms
verticillato paniculatis ;
fructibus obtuse trigonis.
E.

Pursh, 1. p 253.

Root creeping- Leaves 1 — 3 inches long;, oval, slightly acuminate,
aoiuetimes rounded at base, the old generally cordate ^cupe iO — 18
inches long, branching ? branches all verticillate. Flowers small.

Grows in salt marshes ; Pursh. My specimens which appear to
belong to this species, are from the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers July — August.

leaves li-
subulate ; umbels

3. SUBULATA.

A. pusilla ; foliis li- | Plant striate ;
neari-subulatis; uml)ellis | near
simplicibus. Pursh, i.p. | simple.

Clayton, p. 57. No. 723 Sp. pi. 2. p. 279.

Plant small, with^otr^rs large in propoition
Grows in inundated soils, from New-York to Floiida.
bia ? South-Carolina.
Flowers August.

Pursh.

Colum-

CLASS VII.

UEVTjiXDRIA MOXOGrXIA
246. ^SCULr.-^.

iESCL'LUS.

CaJiix 1-pliylliis, 4 — 5
(lentaliis, vcntricosus. Co-
rolla 4 — 5 petala, iiirc-
(jualis, cal\ti iiiserta.
Capsula 3-locuIaris. Se-
mina magna, sulitaria.

i. P VIA.

tE. foliis quinatis, c;la-
bris, inaHjualiter denta-
tis ; comliis tetrapctalis ;
pctaloiuni comiivcntiuin
ijii2;uibus longitudine ca-
Ivcis. Sp. pi. ;>. p. 286.

Cahjx 1 -leaved, 4-.5
toothed, vcntricose. (*o-
rolla 4 — .> pctalled, une-
qual, inserted into the ca-
lyx. Cajfside 3- celled,
^ceds large, solitary.

Leaves by fives, gla-
brous, unequally toothed ;
corolla 4 petalled ; the
claws of the connivent
petals as long as the ca-
lyx.

Pursh, 1 p 254.

Walt, p 128. Mich. 1. p. 219.

A shrub generally 5 — 5 feet hii;h in tlie low country, Bninptimeg
becoiiiiiig; a >mHll tiec near the inuuntairi<s : brunclies irie;;uiai, tlnck,
obtuse. Fluuers in tcnninul racenu's, with tlie buils lew flowired.
Pftals unequal, of a brijlit scarlet colour Stamens unequal, nearly
a.s long as the petals. Cajifults nearly round, coriaceous, 3 celled.

(iruwij in louse boils, |)iolerririg rich places.

Flowers April— M.iy. Buck^s-Ei/e.

'I'he narcotic property of this shrub, has given rise to a singular
mode of taking fisii, piactised, tliou;:h not frequently, in some pails of
t'.iis state. The tender brandies aie bruise«l and thrown into a pool
of small extent, the water i:i then agitated until if becomes sufticient-
Iv iinpre4;nated to ^llcct t!ie fish ; they rise to tlie surface alnio.-.t
lifeless and nia\ be taken by the hand. The powdered seed may be
Used with equal effect. Fish taken in this manner are eaten wiili
ini|)unity.

The root of the Buck's-Eyc is used as a substitute for soap is
wasliinj: woollen clothes.

436

HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNiA,.

2. DrsroLOR. Pursh.

M. foliis qiiinatfe, u
tjinque acumiiatis, siib-
tus tomentosis, insequali
ter serrulatis ; unguibus
petalorum longitudine ca-
Ijvcis. Pursh, 1. p. ^55.

Leaves quiriate, acu»
minate at each end, to-
mentose underneath, un-
equally serrulate ; th&
claws of the petals as
long as the calyx.

A shrub, not above 4 feet high. Racemes compound, with the buds
many flowered. ( orolla variegated with yellow, white and purple.
Stamens 7, shorter than the corolla. Fruit unawned. Pursli,

Found by Mr. Lyon in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers May.

3. Flava.

M foliis quinatis, sub-
tus ad costam pubescen-
tibus, fequaliter serrula-
tis ; corollis tetrapetalis ;
petalorum conniventium
unguibus calyce longiori.
bus. Sp. pi. 2. p. 286.

Pursh, 1. p. 255.

JE. lutea, Mich. 1. p. 219.

Stem frute?cent or arborescent, varying in height from 5 to 70 feet*^-
branches terete, glabrous, flexuous. Leaves opposite, quinate ; leaf-
lets sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, ribbed ; the lower surface sparing-
ly sprinkled with hair. Common petiole 4 — 6 inches long. Flow-
ers in a racemose terminal panicle, branches expanding, 2 — 6 flowered.
Peduncles pubescent. Calyx nearly cylindrical, very pubescent, 5
cleft, with the segments obtuse. Corolla irregular, twice as long as
the calyx, pale yellow ; the 2 upper petals linear, longer, dilated at
the summit, the 2 lateral oval, narrowed at base ; all pubesceet, vil-
lous near the base. Filaments 7, subulate, hairy, unequal, about the
length of the corolla. Fruif unarmed.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia, where it becomes
a tree. In Columbia county, Georgia, I have seen it 4 — 6 feet high.

Flowers March — April Yellow-fiowered ^scuhts.

Leaves by fives, pubes-
cent underneath neai the
midrib, equally serrulate ;
corolla 4 petalled, with
the claws of the coimi-
vent petals longer than
the calyx.

4. Macrostachya.
JEi. fohis quinatis, sub-
tiis tomentosis : racemo

Leaves quinate, tomen-
tose underneath ; raceme

OCTANDRIA MOT^OGYNIAv

43r

very loiio; ; corolla 4 pc-
talled, expanding ; sta-
mens very long.

lon»5ssimo ; corollis 4-
pctalis, piitulis ; stamini-
biis loni;issinic exeitis.
Pmsli, 1. p. 233.

Mich. 1. p. C'20.
yEscuIiis parviflora, Walt. p. 12S.

A small shrub, 3 4 feot l)i.;!i. Leaflets nbovate, acuminate, aerru'
lat'S tnmentDse untlcrneatlj Flowfra in very ionii; racemes, white;
buds 1 flowered. Stamens nearly three times as long as the corolla.

(fpnvs near rivulet'* in the upper districts of Georgia and Carolina^

Flowers April — May.

CLASS VIIL

OCTANDRIA.

MOJ^OGrJ\*Ll.

254.

DIRCA.

235.

ACER.

247.

RHEXIA

f:48.

OKNOrilKRA;

TRIGFJVIJl.

249.

EIMLOBIUM.

«50.

nAl'RA.

256.

POI.YGONITM.

2J1.

oxvco("ros.

257.

CMiDIOSPERxMUM

£52.

MKNZIKSIA.

258.

SAPINDUS.

C53.

ELLIOTTIA.

RHKXIA. Gen. i»l. &s6.

Coli/x 4-fidu9. Corol-
la 4-pela!a, calyci inserta.
Ant/wrrp dec linatse. Cap-
suld 4-loeida:iSjintra vcn-
trem calvcis.

* Antheris inciimheiiti-
hus.

1. Mariana.
\\. liirsuta ; foliis lan-
ceolatis, utiinquc aculi."!^,

Califx 4 cleft. CoroU
la 4 pctalled, inserted in-
to the calyx. Anthers de*
clincd. C«;;67//^ 4 celled,
within the bosom of the
calyx.

* Anthers incumbent.

Hirsute ,• leaves lance-
olate, acute at each end,

438

OCTANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

3 nerved : calyx tubular
nearly glabrous.

trinervihus ; calyce tuhu-
Jopo, g'abriuscLilo. Mich.

i. p. 22i.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 301. Walt. p. 150. Pursh, 1. p. 257.

Perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, terete, furrowed. Lmves some^
times ovate lanceolate, serrate, ciliate. t'lnwers in the divisions and
at the termination of t'le branches. Calyx ventricose near the base ;
the se<:inerits half as long; as the tube, a)id with a few hairs scattered
round the throat. I^etnls obliquely obovate. larjje, hairy on the outer
surface, purple. Filaments inserted at the throat of the calyx. Jin-
titers incumbent, versatile, ionij, 1 celled, opening at the summit, yel-
low. Style much longer than the stamens Capsule includfd in the
persistent calyx Seeds numerous, attached to a receptacle ia the
centre of eac'^ cell

Grows in all humid soils.

Flowers June — September.

Hirsute; leaves linear
and linear lanceolate,
somewhat clustered ; root
creeping ?

2. Angustifolia. E.

R. hiisuta; foliis iinear-
ibus, lineari-lanceolatis-
que, sub fasciculatis ; ra-
dice repente ? E.

Rhexia lanceolata, Walt p. 129.

Rhexia mariana, var. exalbida, Mich. 1 p 221. Pursii, 1. p. 258.

I have always been disposed to join with Walter in separating this
plant from the R. mariana. Its habit, as far as 1 have seen it, is dis-
tinct. It grows in small patches like a creeping plant, not singly, or
thinly scattered. Its leaves are more numerous on the stem, very
narrow : its ilowers smaller than those of the K. mariana, and the petals
generally white.

Grows in damp soils. Near Savannah.

Flowers June — August.

3. Glabella. Mich.

R. glabra ; caule tereti ; Glal)rous ; stem terete ;

foliis lanceolatis ovatis- leaves Lmceolate and o-

que, trinervibus, denticu- vate, 3 nerved, denticu-

latis, glaucescentibus ; ca- late, sliglUly glaucous ;

lycibus glutinosis. E. calyx glutinous.

Mich. 1. p. 222. Pursh, 1. p. 258.
R. alifanus, Walt, p 130.

Stem 2 — 5 fctt high, glabrous, slightly furrowed. Leaves glabrous,
tessile, with a few serraturcs near the summit. Calyx sprinkled with

OCTINDRIA MONOOY^'IA.

439

Tiscid hairs. Petals somewhat acute, gibbous on one side, large, pur«
pie.

The leares and stem of this plant have a very iiweet taste, and thejr
irp Haiti. tlKui^h I know not ifuiion ^oml atitlioritv, to b<' a favourite
foctii of otir (lerr. 'I'lu-y arc eaten b^ children with iinpuriitj.

Cintvvs ill ^filV, «Iainp soils.

JDeer grass.

Stem nt^arly square, e;Ia-
bmiH ; leaves ovate lan-
ceolate, serrulate, ciliate,
;3 nerved, ^la!)r(ju.s ini-
(Icnieath; flowers witli
•\n involucrum.

Klower.s June — August.

4. Cii.i )sv Mich.

U. caule suhquadrato,
glahro : foUis ovato-laii
ceolafis, sei rulati>-', cilia-
tis. triucrvibus, sul)lusn;la.
bris ; floribus involucra-
tis. K.

Mich. 1. p. ^21. Piirsh, 1. p. tljS.
Rliexia peti>lata, Walt. p. 130.
Stem about 18 inches hiirh. Leai'ps som*»timcs lanceolate, acutely
8f>rrulate, with the Sfrratures fiiiii^ed. tiie upper surface hairv. Peti-
oles very short, scarcely di>tiiict. h'lowprs, as in tlie preceding spc^
cies, in a loose dichutomous panicle. IiwUncritm composed of 2
leaves at the base of each (lower, i'e^a/ji. nearly round, purple.
Gniws in damp pine barrens.
Flowers June — August.

i>. Strict A. Pursb.

li. caule slricteerecto,
alato, j^labio.ad nodos bar-
bato ; foliis sessi'il)us, an-
gusto-lauceolatis, acunii-
natis, triuervibus, utrin-
que glabris ; corynil)is
dicbotoinis. Fursb, l. p.

Stem strict, erect, win^^-
ed, glabrous, beanJeci at
the joints ; leaves sessile,
narrow lanceolate, acu-
minate, 3 nerved, gla-
brous on botb sides ; co-
rymbs dicbotomous.
258.

stem 4 anjlcd, slij;SUy beardod at tlie joints. Leaves slender.
Cfl/^.r plabntus. i'Voufrs handsome, purple. I'ursh.

Described by I'ursh from specimen!) collected in the bn^fS of Geor-
gia by Mr. Eublen. It appears to be very nearly allied to th« next
species.

6. Vinr.iNicA.

U. caule angulato, ala» Stem angled, win^red ;

to ; tbiiis ovato-lanceohi- leaves ovate lanceolate,

tis, ciliato-scrratis, 5 — 7 1 ciliate, scrriilc, 5-7 nerv-

440

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA-

ed, sprinkled with liair ;.
corymbs dichotomous.

nervibus, pilis adspersis ;
corymbo dichotomo. E

Sp. pi. 2. p. 301. Mich. 1. p. 222. Pursh, 1. p. 258.
Rhexia septemnervia, Walt p. 130.

Stem 2 — S feet high, square, winged along the angles, branching,
flmooth, but sometimes fringed along the wings. Leaves sessile.
Flowers axillary and terminal, forming a tolerably regular corymb.
Tetals obovate, slightly mucronate, purple.
Grows in swamps and wet soils.
Flowers July — September.

** Anthers erect, ter-
minal.

** Jintheris erectis,
terminalihus.

7. LuTEA. Walt.
R. hirsuta ; foliis liiieari-
lanceolatis, basi inlerdum
cuneatis, trinervibus ;
paniciila pyramidata ; an-
theris erectis. E.

Walt. p. 130. Mich. p. 222.

Stem about 18 inches high, square, branches brachiate, hispid-
Leaves sessile, and excepting the midrib, glabrous on the under sur-
face. Flowers in a pyramidal panicle, the branches generally 3 flow-
ered. Tube of the caly.v ventricose, border campanulate, 4 cleft, as
long as the tube. Petals obovate, mucronate, ^^ellow, less caducous
than in the other species. Filaments dilated at base, almost united.
Anthers erect, furrowed, 1 celled.

This specierj, by the structure of its anthers, and the form of its
panicle, recedes from the general character and habit of the genus.

Grows in damp pine barrens.

Flowers June — August

I Hirsute ; leaves linear
I lanceolate, sometimes
[ wedge shaped at base ;
I 3 nerved ; panicle pyra-
midal ; anthers erect.

Pursh, l.p. 258.

*** Incpvtw sedis.

8. LiNEARlFOLlA.

La Marck.

R .? caule cylindrico,
siibpubescente ; foliis al-
ternis, linearibus, oblon-
gis, obtusis, sessilibus, u-
trinqiie pubescentibus ;
floribus subsoUtariis. —
Enc. Lam. 6. p. s.

Pursh, l.p. 259.

Stem cylindrical, slight-
ly pubescent; leaves al-
ternate, linear, oblong,
obtuse, sessile, pubescent
on both surfaces ; flowers
generally solitary.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNiiU

44/

i^oirem yellow.
Found in Caruliua by Boso-.
Plowers

(ENOrUKIlA. Gen. pl. 637.

Calj/.r 4 cloi't, tuhnlar.
side inreiioi, 4 celled.

Stem villous, scabrous j
leaves ovate lanceolaie,
Hat, dentate ; Hnwers spik-
ed ; stamens shorter than
tlic corolla.

Cnftfx 4-fidus. tuhulo-
SUS. Corolla 4-i)etala.
Capsidu int'era, 4 locuia-
ris.

J. Biennis.
Q^^. caule villoso. scal)ro ;
foliis ovatn-lunccolatls,
planis, dentatis ; llori!)Us
s|)icatis ; stamlnibus co-
rolla l»revioiil)us. Sp. pl.

^, p. 3vj().

Mich. 1. p. 224. Pursli, 1. p.
O'iiiothera mollissima .' Walt. p. 129.

Perennial.'' Stem herbaceous, 3 — 8 feet high, terete. __

tcrnate, sessile, very pubescent. Flower-i in a terminal spike, with
a leaf at the base ol each, lon^jer than the pernj. Calyx deciduous ;
the tube 2 inches lonj;, thickened at the suinuilt ; the segments half
as long as the tube, hairy on the outside, reflected. Petals obovate,
eniarginate, yellow, shorter than the segments of the calyx. Germ
inferior, cylindrical, furrowed. Style longer tlian the corolla. Stig-
ma 4 cleft. Capaule nearly cylindrical. Heeds numerous iu each ce)jj
angled, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in drv pastures, along fences, &c.

Flowers September — Ogtober.

:6i,

Leaves ah

2. MlTRICATA.

G^^.. caule purpurasccntc,
muricato : foliis lanceo-
latis, planis ; staminil)us
longitudinc corolla;. Sp.
pl. 2. p. 307.

Pursh, 1. p. 201.

Stem purplish, muri-
catc ; leaves lanceolate,
flat ; stamens as long as
the corolla.

Flowers smaller than in the preceding snocics.
Grows alonjj fencesj and in old fields, rursh.
Flow»»r3 July — August,

n3

44S

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Stem nearly glabrous,
hranchino; ; leaves ovate
linceolate, glabrous ; sta-
mens declining.

3. GRAJfDTFL(>R\.

CE. caule glabriusrulo,
ranioso ; foliis ovato-lan-
ceolatis, glabris ; stamini-
bus declinatis. Sp. pi. 3.
p. 306.

Pursh, 1. p. 261.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, branching Leaves sometimes lanceolate. S — 4
inches long, I — 2 wide, frequently pubescent. Flon-ers axillary,
sessile, large, of a bright yellow colour. Tube of the eali/.v very
long. Stamens declining, shorter than the corolla.

Grows in gardens and around buildings. Certainly not indigenous
in our low country.

Flowers May — September.

4. Hybrid A. Micb.
CE. caule erecto, villoso ;
foliis utrinque pubescen-
tibus, lanceolatis, remote
subdentatis, undulatis ;
capsulis subspicatis, bre-
viter stipitatis, ovato-te-
tragonis. Mich. l.p. s^5.

Pursh, 1. p. 262.

Stem 1 — 3 feet long, hairy, slit^htly muricate. Tube of the calif:c
3 or 4 times as long as the segments. Petals and stamens as lony; as
the segments of the calyx. Capsule nearly sessile, ovate, long,
scarcely angled.

Grows in the upper districts ot Georgia and Carolina.

Flowers July — September.

Stem erect, viMous ;
leaves pubescent on both
sides, lanceolate, remote-
ly toothed, undulate : cap-
sules somewhat spiked,
on shoit footstalks, ovate
and 4 angled.

5. Fruticosa.

CE. pubescens ; caule a
basi ramoso, divai icato ;
foliis sessilibus, lanceola-
tis, subdentatis, acutis ;
capsulis pedicellatis, ob-
longo-clavatis, angulatis.
Pursh, 2. p. 734.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 3 10. Walt. p. 1 29,

Pubescent ; stem branch*
iug from the base, divari-
cate ; leaves sessile, lan-
ceolate, sli<i;htly toothed,
acute ; capsules pedicel-
late, oblong clavate, an-
gled.

OCTANDTMA MOVOGYNIA.

44t

JStptH 1 — 9 foot liiirli, (cret«', pubescent. Lenve>i frequently oblonj^,
ovate, witli I Miiaill ones in tlio axils, t'luwera in a ItMininal raceme.
Cornll'i vt'Ilow, longer t!ian ttie stamens.

(iious in tlie inidtlle and upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers Julj — August.

(». FKv^^:Ia. Piiisli.
(K. E^lahriusiiila : caule
nrcrtu' >iini»liti ; Toliis o-
\atis. |)tti()la<i>^, dcnticula-
tis ; raccini^ Inliosis; cap-
«iilis pcdicfllaiis. ohovatis,
4-i»;oMis. Pursh, -2. p. 73 I.

Xearly ji^labrous; stem
near tlie l)asc simple ;
leaves ovate, petiolate,
denticulate ; racemes
Icaty ; capsules pedicel*
late, ol)ovate, 4 angled.

Tliis species is talfon (nnn i'ui-sh, who remarks, that it dinft-rs from
the O fVutico'j:!. to which [)erhaps it is too nearly allied, principally
in habit : Hdweriii;^ |jut du- a short period, and lorming immediately
new tiil's <»f radical leaves, wliich the O. iVuticosa does not produc*
■ ntii Lte in autumn.

Collected by Mr. (''raser in South-Carolina.

Flowers June — July.

Stem diffuse, pubescent ;
leaves oval oblong, tooth-
ed and sinuate ; tlowers
axillary, villous; capsules
piisinutick.

7. Sin u AT A,
(E. caule dittuso, pubes-
cente ; foliis ovali-oblon-
gi-^,. dentato sinuatis ; flo-
ril)us axilla) il)us, ullosis ;
capsulis j)iismaticis. —
Tursh, 1. p. :iGi.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 309. Mich. 1. p. 2C4.
CEiiuthera biennis .^ Walt p. 12.9.
CEnothcra minima, i'ursh, l.p 262.

Stem 1-2 feet lonj;. 'generally prostrate, branchinj, rmishened.
X.fnr*'^ se>sile, denticulate nrar tlie>uinmit. sinuate, almost piiinatifid
near the base. Flowers solitary, sessile. Corulla small. I'ftaL> as
IfMi;^ as tite se^jments of the calyx, nearly nbcordate, yellow. Style
sliorter than the corolla, wdolly in the middle. Capsule cylindrical,
sessile, furrowetl.

In very ilry, san<ly soils this plant becomes very di^inatire, its
leaves small, and almost entire, and the flowers few. In this state I
suspect it is the O. minima of I'l/rsh, dt;scribed from bpeciuiens col^
lected in Geor;;ia by Mr. Knslen.

Grows generally in dry pastures.

FUwers April-September.

444

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Glabrous ; stem ascend-
ing ; leaves lanceolate,
entire, obtuse ; capsules
obovate, angled.

8. PUMILA.

CE. glabra; caulibus ad-
scendentibus ; foliis lan-
eeolalis, integerrimis, ob-
tusis ; capsulis obovatis,
angulatis. Sp. pi. §. p.
310.

Pursh, 1. p. 262.

Plant 8 — 12 inches high. Upper leaves linear lanceolate, uhen
young pubescent. Flowers sniall. Tube of the calyx not longer thaa
aegtnents. Capsules nearly sessile.

Grows in dry fields, in Virginia and Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July.

9 Chrysantha. Mich
CE. caule debili, pubes-
cente ; foliis lanceolatis,
obtusiusculis, ])lnnis, inte-
gris ; calycis tubo laciniis
duplo breviore ; capsula
clavata. acutangula, ses-
«ili. Mich. 1. p. 3S5.

Pursh, 1. p 263.

Plant small, scarcely a foot high
yellow colour. Mich.

Grows on the mountains of Carol
Flowers July — August.

Stem weak, pubescent ;•
leaves lanceolate, rather
obtuse, flat, entire ; tube
of the calyx but half as
long as the segments ;
capsule clavate, acutely
angled, sessile.

Flowers small, and of a gpldep
ina. Pursh.

40. Linearis. Mich.

CE. pubescens, gracilis ;
foliis linearibus, integris ;
capsulis longiuscule stipi-
tatis, subrotundo-tetrago-
nis, villosis.

Pubescent, slender ;^
leaves linear, entire; cap-
sules on long footstalks,
nearly round, 4 angled,
villous.

Mich. 1. p. 225. Pursh, 1. p. 262.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high. Leaves crowded near the summit, so that
the axillary Jiowers appear to form a corymb* Corolla larg^,
biright yellov?.

OCTAMDRIA MONOGYNIA.

44^

f poii-^ess a numbor of specimens of an O'iHothera apparently be-
Tong:injr to this species, cnllpcteil by K. ^V Habcrsliam, Ksrj. in tlie
aoutli of (icor^ia. in all of \vhicli the steins are geniculate and curved
Ooar tiic middle

Grows in dry soils, in tho middle country of Georgia and Carolina.

Flowers April — May.

EPIL015IUM. Gen. ri. 639.

palyx 4-fi(lus. tuhulo-
sus. Corolla 4-pctiila.
Capsida oblon,2;a, i-loru-
laris, infcra. tSt-mina pap-
pose.

1. Tetragoncm.

E. caule lincis promi-
nulis suhquadranpiiilatis ;
foliis oppohitis, supreinis
altcrnis, lanccolatis, ser-
rulatis. Pursh, i. p. ;S59.

Cnlyx 4 cleft, tiibjilar.
CorolUi 4 petali'd ('ap-
sulr oblong, i (■clled. in-
lr?ior. iSreds crowned
witU a tuft of bair.

Stem sornevvbat 4 an-
gled by prominent lines ;
leaves opposite, tjie up-
per ones alternate, lance-
olate, serrulate.

Sp. pi. 2. p. sir. Mich. 1. p. 223.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, about 2 feet high, branching,
glabrous. Leaves narrow, sliarply serrulate. Flowers in terminal
racemes, small, crowning tlie germ,pale red. Germ linear, loi;;:
Capsule long, 4 angled. i)eed oblong, crowned with a tuft of hair.

Grows among the Saluda mountains. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers July-.-August.

GAURA. Gen. pl. 638.

Calyx 4^fulus, tubulo- I Calyx 4 cleft, tubular,
sus. Corolla '^Kpetala, ' Corolla 4 petalk-d, aseen-

adscendens. AO/a:(-sper-
ma, 4-angulata, infera

1. Angu9tifoli\ Mich.

G. foliis fasriculatis, li

din^. A/// 1 seeded, 4
angled, inferior.

ncaribus, repando-uiidu-

Leaves clustered, li-
near, rcpand, undidate j

446

OCTANDRIA 31ON0GYNIA.

fruit oblong, 4 angled,
acute at each end.

latis ; fructibus oblongo-
tetragonis, utnnque acu-
lis. Mich. I. p. 256.

Pursh, 1. p. 260.

Gaura biennis, Walt p. 128.

Perennial. Stem herbaceous, about 3 feet liigh, terete, pubescent.
Leaves sessile, alternate, a little hairy. Floicn-s in a terminal pani-
cle composed of slender racemes. Calya- 4 clelt, deciduous, the seg-
ments linear, reflected, much lony;er than the tube. Petals inserted
into the tube of the calyx near the summit, spathulate, ob use, uhite,
half as long as the segments of the calyx. Filaments inserted into
the tube of the calyx. Jintliers oblong, 2 celled. Germ angled, ob-
long, pubescent, tityle as long as tlie stamens, btigma capitate^
sliglitl.y 2 lobed.

Grovs in very dry, sandy soils.

Flowers July — August.

Leaves lanceolate,
dentate ; spike crowded ;
fruit nearly round, sHj^ht-
\y -1 angled, pubescent.

2. BiKNMS.

G. foliis lanceolatis,
dentatis ; spica conferta ;
fructib^is sul)rotundo-4-
gonis, pubescentibus. —
Pursh, 1. p. 260.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 311. Mich. 1. p. 226. '

Stem, herbaceous, branching. Leaves lanceolate, pubescent, irre-
gularly and slightly dentate, sometimes entire. Flowers more
crowded in the terminal spikes, and much larger than in the preced-
ing species. Fruit acute at each end.

Grows in fertile, stony soils, in the upper districts of Carolina
and Georgia.

flowers July — August.

OXYCOCCUS. Persoon.

Calyx 4-fidus. CoroU
la 4-partita, lariniis sub-
linearibus, revolutis. Fi-
lamenfa conniventia. An-
therce tubulosse, bipartitse.
Bacca polysperma.

Cali/x 4 cleft. Corolla
4 parted, with the seg-
ments somewhat linear,
revolute. Filaments con-
niving. Anthers tubular,
3 parted. Berry many
seeded.

OCT.VNDRIA MONOGYNIA.

447

i. Erytiihocakpits.

O. erectus : luliis ovuli-
?)us, acunrmatis. seirulatis
ciliatisquc ; |)e(lii:cUis ax-

Ercct ; leaves oval, acu-
minate. seiTulale and cili.
ate ; ])C(iicels axillarv ;

illarihus ; corolla loni;a, I corolla long, at hist rcvo-
dcnunn revoluta. Ters. / lute.
1. p. 419. I

<)xjci»rciis ercctiis, Pursli, 1. p. '2G4.
Vaccinium ci} tlirocarpuin, Mich. I. p. 227.
A small shnil). ;;ro\vin'4 on the hij:host inoiint.iins of Carolina, erect,
with t'lp l)iaMrh»'s »liv!»ric;itc or fli'xuous. Leai'fs rather lariie, mem*
branacrou^, hairv near ti.e nerves. Viuhjx minute, acutely 4 cleft.
Ufrrii ^lot)ular, bri^lit scarlet. Mich. Berry transparent, and ol an
exquisite tiavonr. I'ursh.

Grows on hi^^li mountains, from Virginia to Carolina.
Flowers June.

MENZIESIA. Smith.

Calyx l-pliylhis, iiife-
rus. Corolla 1 pctala,
ovala. F'damenta recep-
iaciilo inscrta. Cf/pai/ln
4-lociilans. (lissc|)imcnta
c mar,L:;iiiil)Us inllexis val-
vularnm. Semina nu-
nierosa, oblonga.

Cuhix t leave 1, inferi*
or. Corolla i petalled,
ovate. Filamnits insert-
ed on the rccepticle.
Capsule 4 celled, with the
dissepiments from the
inflected margins of the
valves. Seeds numerous^

oblong.

1. Globularis. Salis )ury.

M. foliis lanceolatis, I Leaves lanceolate,

subtus ghuicis, extra ncr- | glaucous underneath, and.
vos pul)csccntibus ; caly- j except the nerves pubes-
cibus4-ti(lis; lloribus glo- j cent; calyx 4 cleft; llf»w-
bosis, octandris. Pursh, | crs globose, octandrous.
1. p. iG\f. I

Mcnziesia Smitliii .' Mich 1. p. 235.

A small bhrul), not excecdinjf 4 feet hi^h- Leaves when young
• cry hary. t'loirers yellowish brown,
lirows in the ImkIi mountains of >'ir;;inia and Carolina.
Flowers May — June.

44?S OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA^

ELIJOTTIA. Muhlenberg.

Calyx 4-dentatus, in- | Calyx 4 toothed, infe-
ferus. Corolla profunde | rior. Corolla deeply 4
4-partita. IStigma capi- j parted. Stigma capitate,
tatunri. Capsidu? | Capsule?

1. Racemose Miihl. Cat.

A shrub, 4 - 10 feet high, with numerous virgate branches. Leaves
alternate, lanceolate, m-ucronate, entire, pubescent and slightly glau-
cous on the under surface, on short petioles. Flowers in terminal
racemes. Calyx small Corolla white, the segments slightly co-
hering at base Filaments 8, glandular, transparent, inserted at the
base of tlie germ. Anthers sagittate. 2 celled. Style longer than the
stamens. Stigma capitate, perhaps more correctly clavate, undivid-
ed. The fruit I have never been able to procure.

This plant in habit has an entire resemblance to Clethra. From its
corolla, undivided stigma, and the number of its stamens I kave
inserted it, as requested by Dr. Muhlenberg, under this name.

First discovered around VVaynesborough, Burke county, Georgia.
Mr. Jackson has lately sent it to me from the Oconee.

Grows in moderately dry, rich soils.

Flowers June.

DTRCA. Gen. pl. 660.

Calyx 0. Corolla in-
ferior, tubular, with the
border irregular. Sta-

^»'

mens longer than the tube.
Berry i seeded.

Calyx 0. Corolla in-
fera, tubulosa, limbo ob-
soleto. Stamina tubo
longiora. Dacca i-sper-
nia.

1. Paeustris.

Sp. pl 2, p. 424. Walt. p. 131. Mich. 1. p. 236. Pursh, 1. p. 268.

A small sbrub, 2 ^5 feet high. Leaves alternate, oblong oval, pale
green. Flowers yellow.

This shrub is generally humble. It begins to ramify near the
ground, and resembles a spreading tree in miniature, The diameter
of the trunk seldom exceeds half an inch, the bark is smooth and yeU
lowish ; the wood is soft, tough and so flexible that the ends of the
twigs and even the trunks may be tied together. The bark has a
sweetish taste, and when chewed excites a burning sensation in the
fauces. Macb.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

440

Grows in rtioist places near rivulets. Near Au^^usta ; Bartram.
U\ the oak land:* on Colleton's neck, where it is said to indicate tb?
richest soil.

Flowers Februarv— Marc!i — before it pntdutes its leaves.

Leather -U'ljitd. ^Uuose-ueod,

ACER. Gen. pl. iryQO,

(Uilyx 5 cleft. Petals
;'5. !Samaras :i, united at
base, 1 seeded, winged.

Leaves generally 5 lob-
Oil, acute, senate, glau-
cous underneath ; flowers
ill umbels, erect; germs
glabrous.

Cnli/.v .j-fKhis. Pt'tiila
5. S(unarrr 2, l)asi unita*,
l-sperm;c, alatae.

i. Ul IJKIM.

A. loliis subquinquclo-

his, aciitis, scralis. sub-

tus glaucis ; (loribus uin-

bcllaiis, crcctis ; gcrmiiii-

bus g!al)ns. h?p. pi. 4. p.

i)8-l.

Mich. 2. p. 253. Pursh. 1. p. 20.7. Mich. Arbres fores. 2. p. 210.
Acer Caroliniaiiuin .^ Walt p. 251.

A tree of moderate size, ^rowing frnin 20 to CO feet high, according
;o the soil in which it is situated. In damp rich swamps it becomes
a tree of considerable magnitude; in ponds, or in soils mertdy damp
it is generally small. In descending to the mouths of our large rivers
it is tlie last tree we find in the swamps, diminisliing as tlie soil be-
comes impregnated wit'i salt, until it dwindles to a shrub, and ming-
ling with the Myrica cerifera (candleberry myrtle) and Baccharis
halimitnlia, finally disappears. It is distinguished also for its smooth
clouded l)ark, and bris^ht scarlet flowers and fruit, that precede its
fnliago. Lenvpn r> — 5 lobed, irregularly toothed. Flotcers in small
axillary clusters, polygamous, fitumens 5 — 8, irregular in their num-
ber, as occurs, I believe, in most of the species in this genus.

(irows in swamps, very abundantly.

Flowers January — February. Ifed vxaple — Scarlet maple.

2. D\SYCARI»UM.

A. foliis palmato-quin-
quelobis, acuminatis, scr-
ratis, subtus pubesccnti-
bus all)o. glaucis ; floriI)us
capitato-unibeilatis ; ger-

I3

T.cavcs palmate, 5 lobed,
acuminate, serrate, pu-
bescent underneath anrl
glaucous almost to white-,
ncss : flowers in cluslcr-

450

OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

minibus tomentosis. Sp.
pi. 4. p. 985.

ed umbels
menlose.

germs to-

This is generally a much larirer tree than the precedino;. and its fo-
liau:e, from the whiteness of the under surface, is sinj^ularly beautiful.
JYoit^ers sessile, of a pale yellowisli colour. Capsule (samara* yel-
lowish, with the wings larger than those of any other of our species.

Grow< in the river swamps, in the upper and middle country, very
abundantly. Is larely seen within 40 miles of tlie ocean.

Flowers February —

Leaves 5 lobed, acu-
minate, somewhat den-
tate, pui)escent under-
neath ; corymb loose, nod-
ding ; peduncles hairy.

3. SaccharinuxM.

A. foliis quinquelobis,
acuminatis, suhdentatis,
subtus pubescentibus ; co-
rymbo laxo, subnutante ;
pedunculis pilosis. Sp.
pi. 4. p. 9h5.

Mich. 2.p 252. Piirsh, 1. p. 2GG. Mich. Arb. forest. 2. p. 218.

A tree, growing in favourable situations from 50 — 80 feet high,
^ith a diatTieter of from 18 — 30 inches. The bark smooth and very
white. Leaves on long footstalks, glaucous underneath, with the
lobes remotely toothed. Flowcrsi both fertile and sterile, on long
pendulous peduncles Curolla pale yellow. Capsules turgid, the
■wings pale yellow. The fiuit, wliich in the two former species ripen
in March and April, do not in this come to maturity- until October— -
(Mich.)

The value of this tree for its timber, but particulaily for the sugar
obtained from its sap, is generally known. I do not know that it has
ever been employed in the southern States for this ]>urpose, or if it be
sufficiently abundant. It is however more generally dift'used, than
Michaux in his valuable work on our Forest trees, appears to sup-
pose. I have seen them growing freely on the declivities of steep
fiills in Columbia county, Georgia. On the banks of the Santee it
descends as low as St. .Stephen's, and is found on the head waters of
Cooper river, within SO miles of Charleston.

Grows in cool, damp soils.

Flowers early in the spring. Sugar maple.

4. Nigrum.

A. foliis palmato-qiiin- | Leaves palmate, 5 lobed,
quelobis, cordatis, subtus | pubescent underneath,
pubescentibus. lobis diva- | cordate, lobes divaiicate,
aicalis, siuuato-subdenta- [ sinuate and slightly tooth*

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

45i

cd ; ilowcrs in ftorymhs ;
capsules turgid, some*
wliiit globose.

tis ; floribus corynil)osis ;
capsulis lurgi<lc subglo-
bosis. Midi. Arbrcs I'u-
rest. vol. :e. p. 338.

Pursh, 1. p. 2GG.

Tliis is also a voiy hr^f tree. Learra Iare;o, the 2 lowpr lobes o1j.
sciirc, tlie 3 up|)or divaticaie aiul spaiiuv;!}' toollied. Flowers on
mMidiiloiis pciliiiicU's. Capsules turgiil, witli the wings pale yellow.
Fruit ripciiirii; in October.

tiious in moiinl.iiiiou3 sitiuitiuns. Commonljr called black maplet
and in 'rcnnessee, >:ii:xnr tree/

Flowers in the spring.

5. BvRCATr.U.

A. f'oliis l)rcvitcr trilo-
bis, serralis ; pcduuculis
niasculis raniosis, IccniJ.
ncis sitiij)li(issiiius ; cap-
suhe ali5 crcctis. xMicli.
2. p. '^.J:^.

Leaves with 3 short
lobes, serrate ; pcduireles
of tbc sierile flowers
blanching, of the te;tile
M IT hiinj)lc ; wings of
liic capsule erect.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 989, Pnrsh, 1. p. SCG.

A small tree. Leaves small, ovate, cordate, with 3 short lobes un-»
Cfpiallv jierrate, glaucous underneath and pubescent alon:; the nerves.
Feduni-les l.airv. hlowers sniall, pale, green, sterile and fertile in-
termingled. L'alijx, particularly of the sterile flower, thickly bearded
on the inside.

Grows in deep pine and cedar swamps, from New-Jersey to Caro^
Kna. Pursh.

Flowers April.

fi. Phnnsylvanicum.

A. foliis tril<)l)is, acurni-
nalis, du|)licato-serraUs,
glabris ; raceniis sinipli-
cibus, peiidulis. Sp. pi.
4. p. ys'j.

Mich. 2. p. 252.

Acer striatum, iMich. Arbres forest, 2. p. 242. Pursh, 1- p. 2G7.

A small tree, scarcely exceeding the stature of a shrub. Bark
smooth aud streaked. Leaves moderately large, rounded towarda Die

Lctlves 3 lobed, acumi-
nate, doubly serrate, y^la-
brous ; laccnies simple,
pendulous.

4^13

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

base. 3 lobed at the summit, finelj- serrate. Flovaers in simple, pei»^
du!ous racemes

Grows in tlie AUeghanj mountains, but rare at their southern ex-'
tremity.

Flowers April — May.

Leaves generally 5
lobed, acute, serrate, pu-
bescent underneatli ; ra-
cemes compound, erect.

7. Mont A.N UM.

A. Ibliis subquinquelo-
bis, acutis, serratis, subtus
pubescentibus ; racemis
compositis, erectis. Sp.
pi. 4. p. 98S,

Mich. 2. p. 253. Pursh, 1. p. 267.

A tree, confined very much to the mountains. Leaves rugosft.-
Wlowers very small, greenish yellow.

Grows in the Alleghany mountains, from Canada to Georgia.
Flowers April— May,

8. Negundo.

A. foliis pinnatis terna-
tisve, iufequaliter seiTa-
tis ; floribus dioicis. Sp.
^1. 4. p. 992.

Walt. p. 250. Mich. 2. p. 253

Leaves pinnate and terw
nate, unequally serrated-
flowers dioicous.

Pursh, 1. p. 268.

A tree, growing from 50 — 50 feet high, the branches scattered and
Expanding. Leaven pinnate, leaflets ovale, acuminate, irregularly
and coarsely dentate. Flowers in long, pendulous racemes. Cap'
sules oblong, with wings somewhat obovate, pale yellow.

The fruit of this tree resembles the other species of Acer, but its
pinnate leaves and dioicous flowers mark a very distinct habit. M,
Rafinesque, in the Medical Repository for 1808, proposed to form of
this species a new genus under the name of Ncgundium.

Grows along the margins of rivers, in tiie upper districts of Caro.-
lina and Georgia. At Columbia. ^south-Carolina, common.

Flowejrs April—May.

OCTANDUIA TUIGINTA.

45^

TRIGiXLl

POLYGONUM.

Calf/x 0. Corolla 5-
parlita, culycina. Semen
1, aiij2;u latum, tectum.

* Florlbns axillarlbiis.

i. Maritimum.

p. floribus octaridris,
3-gynis, axillarihus ; ocli-
leis mcmhranaceis, hi-
lohis ; foliis lanccolatis,
^ubcarnosis, margine re.
volutis ; caulc prostrato,
suftruticoso.

Cnlijx 0. Corolla 5 part-
ed, rcsemblin,2; a calyx.

I Seed !, angled, covered.

I ••■ Flowers axillary.

Flowers octandrous,
trigynous, axillary ; sti-
pules membranaceous. 3
iobed ; loaves lanceolate,
somewhat f\eshy, witli
the margins revolute ;
stem prostrate, somewhat
shrubby.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 449.

P. marinnin, Pursh, 1. p. '269.

Stem perennial, hard, g;Jabrous, branching, 1 — 2 feet lon^. Leaves
roriacenus, attenuate at base. Stipules very large, loDse, transparent,
frequently lacerate. Jloners axillary, on peduncles about half an
inch l»»ng. Corolla Mhite, tinged with red.

Grows amon^ sand hills, near the margins of the ocean. Common
on Sullivan's Island.

Flowers throujrli the summer.

• 2. AviCULARE.

P. floribus subsesslli-
bus. 8-andris, 3-gynis ; fo-
liis lanccolatis. serrulatis ;
ochreis brevibus, apice
tripartitis, lareris ; caulc
procumbente, ramosissi-
mo. E.

{^. pi. -Z. p. 449} Walt. p. 132.

Flowers nearly sessile,
octandrous, trigynous ;
leaves lanceolate, serru-
late ; stipules short, 3
parted at the summit, la-
cerate ; stem procum-
bent, branching.

Mich. 1. p. 237. Pursh, I. p. 269.

4d4i

OCTANDRIA TRTGYNIA.

Root perennial. Stem commonly prostrate, striate, glabrous..
Leaves glabrous, alternate, small, sitting on a short, sheatL-iike
peduncle. Flowers few in each axil. Stipules membranaceous.
Corolla greenish white, with the segments obtuse, persistent. Sta-
mens shorter than the tube of the corolla- Sti/Ies 3, very short. Stig-
mas capitate. Seed 3 angled, acute, covered by the persistent corolla.

Grows along roads, streets pastures, &c. Very common.

Flowers through the summer.

3. Tenue. Midi.

p. caule erecto, ramo*
30, acutangulo ; fbliis li-
Dearibus, strictis, acunu-
natis ; ochreis apice vil-
losis ; floribiis alteniis,
subsolitariis.

Stem erect, brandling,
acutely angled ; leaves
linear, strait, acuminate ;
stipules villous at the
summit ; flowers alter-
nate, generally solitaiy.

Mich. 1. p. 238. Pursh, 1. p. 270.
Polygonuin lini folium, Muhj. Cat.
Annual. Stevi 6 — 8 inches high, glabrous. Stipules tubular, ches-
•nut coloured. Flowers small, white.

Grows on rocks. Among the Saluda mountains not rare. J)r.
»jyiacbride.

Flowers July — September.

** Floribiis spicafis,
terminalibus,

4. VlltGIMANUM.

P. floribus 4-lidis, inse-
qualibus, remotis, 5-an-
dris, ;S-gynis ; foliis lato-
lanceolatis, acuminatis, d-
liato-serrulatis. E.

** Floxvers in termu
nal spikes.

Flowers 4 deft, une-
qual, remote, pentan-
drous, di2;ynous ; leaves

broad lanceolate, acumi-
nate, with fi'inged serra-
tures.

Mich. 1. p. 238. Pursh, 1. p. 270.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 442.

Polygonum Bistorta ? Walt p. 131

Perennial, Stem simple, 2 — 4 feet high, hairy towards the summit,
thickened at the joints. Leaves sometin\es ()val and ovate, somewhat
scabrous, sprinkled with glandular hairs. Stipules truncate, ciliate.
Spikes axillary and terminal, simple, with the flowers scattered, sta-
mens shorter ; styles longer than the corolla. Stigmas acute. Seed
ovate, obtuse, compressed.

Grows in shaded, rich land.

^lowers August—Septembex.,

OCTANDRTA TRIGYNIA,

4r)&

5. SnTACKTM. Baldwin.
V. fl)ii!)ijs 8 anflris,
somitii.ryiii'^ ; pcdimculis
cloM'Aatis. (JistacliyiH ; spi-
els iiiti'rriiptis, hiisutis ;
Ibliis l;»t')-l;m('colatis, a-
nimiiialis hirsiilis ; och-
rcis hiisiiiis ciliatif^que ;
caiilc credo, sjlaljro. B.

Flowers oclandroufl,
with flic style 3 cld't; pe-
duncles loM'i;, i spiked ;
s|)ikcs iiitciruptcd, hir-
sute ; leaves broad lurice-
olute. acuminate, hirsute;
stipules hirsute and cili-
ate; stem erect, glahrjus.

Stem 1 — '3 feet high. Petinirs very short. Stipules Ion?, fringed
\vi(li \o\yy luistlos. Corolla NTliite, rcsembiin;; the P. hrrsutuin, but
sulTicif iitly tlistinct by its smootli stem :iii(i iuterrupteil spikes. Ji.

(irows in chiycy soils. Savannah; St. Mary's, Georgia. Bald.

Flowers June — Au.rust.

6. IlrusuTUM. Walt.

P. Horibus in spicis fil-
iforniibus. 8-an(lris, semi-
tiii^vnis ; caule ochreis-
que hirsutissimis ; fuliis
lanceolatis. hirsutis. piinc-
tatis. E.

"Wait. p. 132. Mich. 1. p. 239

Stem decumbent and erect, branchinj^, 2 feet high, completely
clothed with long rufous hair. Leaves oljlonx, sometimes slightly cor-
date at base, acute, entire, hairy, but much less so than the stem.
Spi/ces -2 — 3, very slender, fascicles generally 2 flowered, or produ-
cing but 1 or 2 flowers at a time. Cnrnlla white. Styla as long as
the stamens. 'Sti^^mns capitate. Sci'd 3 angled.

Grows in shallow ponrls.

Flowers May — August.

Flowers in filiform
sjiikes, octandrous, witli
the styles ;J cleft ; stem
and stipules veiy hairy ;
leaves lanceolate, hairy,
dotted.

Pursh, 1. p. 2r0.

7. rrVCTATTM. E.

1*. Horibus 8-andris, se-
jnitripiynis, subconfertis ;
ochreis Ioni»;e ciliatis ; fo-
liis ani]:usto -lanceolatis.
glabris, pcllucido-puiicta-

Flowers octandrous,
somewhat crowded, with
the styles 3 parted ; sti-
pules with a Inni; fiinG^e;
leaves nuiiow lanceolate,

456

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

tis, marginibus et nervo
dorsali scabris. E.

glabrous, with pellucid
dots, the margin and mid-
rib scabrous.

p. persicaria? Walt. p. 131.

P Hydropiper, Mich. 1 . p. 238.

P. Hydropiperoides, Pursh, 1. p. 270.

Root perennial, somewhat creeping. Stem about 2 feet long, slen-
der, branching, glabrous, decumbent, with the summit erect. Leaves
very acute, with a silken lustre, ending at base in a short compressed
sheathing petiole. Stipules truncate, pubescent. Floicers in 1 or 2
simple, slender spikes ; fascicles generally 3 flowered, the lower ones
remote. Corolla white, the segments obtuse, dotted. Style as lom-
as the stamens, stigmas capitate. Seed 3 angled.

Grows in ditches and shallow ponds ; very common.

Flowers July — September.

As it has been deemed correct to drop Michaux's trivial name oT
Hydropiperoides from the species to which he affixed it, it »voul(l
be doubly incorrect to apply it, as Pursh has done, to anotlier species.

Flowers somewhat
crowded, octandrous,
with the style 3 cleft ;
stipules hirsute and cili-
ate ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminate, entire, hairy.

8. Mite. Pers.

P. floribus suhconfer-
tis, 8-andris, semitrigynis ;
ochreis hirsutis cihatis-
que ; foliis lanceolatis,
acundnatis, integerrimis,
pilosis. E.

Persoon Syn. pi. 1. p. 446. Pursh, 1. p. 270.
P. Hydropiperoides, Mich. 1. p. 239.
P. barbatum, Walt. p. 131.

Stem decumbent and erect, frequently taking root at the lower
joints, terete, branching, hairy towards the summit. Leaves slight! v
acuminate. Stipules about an inch long, very hairy, and terminated
by a long fringe. Spikes I — 2, simple; fascicles generally 4 flower-
ed ; bractea of each fascicle ciliate, of the individual flowers glabrous.
Corolla white. Style shorter tlian the stamens. Stigmas capitate.
Seed 3 angled.

Grows in ditches and ponds.

Flowers July— September.

9. Tncarnatum. E.

P. floribus subconfertis,
6-andris, semidigynis ; pe-
dunculis punctatisj och-

Flowers somewhat
crowded, hexandrous,
with the style 2 cleft -,

OCTANDRIA TRTGYNIl.

457

k'cis i!;liibris ; foliis laficco- peduncles dotted ; sti-
lutis, supra pubcsccnti- pules 2;luhi'ous ; leaves
bus. K. lanceolate, pubeseerit oa

thr upper surface.

stem 2 — 3 feet hi{j;h, seniculate. »lishtlj aiii;led, glabrous, rou^hear
cil near the summit with 2:laml ilar dots. Leaven serrulate, glabrous
uu tl»e uiulor sut rricc, clothed with a very fuu* pubescence oa tiie up-
per, G — vS iiicln*"* h)n^, 2 — 3 wide. /•Votr/rs- someuliat paniculate, in
several simple sj)ikes, 4- ti llowers in each lascicle. Cumdn small,
sprinkled with aiandular dots, at first pale n»»o-i()hmre»l, then ^vhite.
Stifle as lon^ as tlie corolla, twice as lou^ as the stamens. Stigmas
capitate, ^^fed globular, roinpress»-d, luucroiiate

I'iiib plant bears jLjreat affinity to the P. Penusylvanicum, witli which
I believe it has {jcneralty been associated. It diftcis however in the
number of stamens : in its Howcrs, which are much smaller and less
crowded ; in its leaves, which are larj^er and less liairy ; and in its
j)Oiluncles. which are never hi«)iid.

Grov/s in ditches and shallow ponds.

Flowers Jalv — October.

10. PRNNSYIAVNVCrM.

V. lloribus coiilerlK 8-
andris, semidisiynis : pe-
dunculis hispMis; ocincis
glabris : foliis lanceolatis,
parce pilosis.

Flowers ccowdcd, oc-
taiidrous. with the style
Ai cleft; peduncles hispid;
stipules glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate, a little hairy.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 448. Walt. p. 132. Mich. 1. p. 240. Pursh, I. p. 271.

Stem geniculate, angled, f^uives slightly acuminate, bianches and
peduncles rouihcned with short hairs, secretinjr from their summits a
viscid juice. Flowers lar^e, rose-coloured, crowded in the spikes.

Grows in ditches. Found more abundantly towards the Western
country. Pursh.

Flowers June — August.

1 1. ORfENTALE.

P. flonI)US 7- and lis, S-
gynis ; foliis oval is : caulc
erecto ; ocbreis hirtis, hy-
pocraterif<irini])US. Sp.
pi. 2. p. 448.

Pursh, 1. p. 272.

An annual plant. Stem o — 5 feet high. Leaves large, remotCf {f-
rate, sometimes sliglitly cordate, acute and acurainal-. kftipuU^

k3

Flowers hcptandrous,
digynous ; leaves ovate ;
stem erect ; stipules hai-
ry, hypocrateiiform.

459

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

short, large. Flowers in terminal crowded spikes, large for this ge-
BU9, sotnetiTnes white, but generally of a beautiful rose-colour.

This plant is now become naturalized in our country. It grow 9 in
cultivated land and around buildings. Cultivated as an ornamental
plant in gardens under the name of persicaria.

Flowers through the summer.

*** Spicis panicidatifi' j *** Spikes in panicles,
13. PoLYGAMUM. Yenteiiat.

P. spicis paniculatis ;
iloribus solitariis, 8-an-
dris, 3-gynis ; ochreis oh-
liqiie truncatis, apice aciu
iiiinatis ; foliis cuneato-
obovatis. E.

Pursh, l.p. 272.

Polygonella parvifolia, Mich. 2

Perennial ? Stem 6—8 inches
Leaves very small, sessile, and with the stipules glabrous. Funicle
composed of spikes closely jointed. Floners solitary at each joint,
feegments of the corolla ovate, obtuse, white.

From my specimens, which however are not good, this plant ap-
pears to be very difterent from the P. articulatum ; but Dr. Baldwin,
who has seen them both in a living state, appears to consider it doubt-
ful whether this can remain as a distinct species.

Grows in dry, sandy pine barrens j near Columbia, South-Carolina.
Dr. Macbride.

Flowers July — September.

Spikes paniculate ; flow-
ers solitary, octandioiis,
trigyiious ; stipules ob-
liquely tiuncate, acumi-
nate at the sunuuiT; leaver
wedge shaped, obovate,

p. 241.

u<ih% erect, branchinjr, glabrous.

**** Foliis basi incisis

vel cordatis.

43. Sagittatum.

P. floribus capitatis, 8-an-

diis, semitrigynis ; caule

retrorsum aculeato ; foliis

sagittatis. Micho i. p.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 453. Walt. p. 13$

**** Leaves notched
or cordate at base.

Flowers in heads, oc»
tandrous, with the style
3 cleft ; stem retrorsely
aculeate ; leaves sagit-
tate.

Pursh, r. p. 453.

A weak, decumbent plant, climbing over small shrubs and weeds ;r
the stem angled, and sharply serrated, with the serratures bent back-
wards. Leaven nearlj sessile, glabrous. Flowers axillary and ter-
minal, in small compact heads on very long peduncles.

Grows in wet soils Verj common along the margins of rice fields.

¥lower6 Juu«— October.

OCTANDRIA TRICYNIA.

459

l4. AnrrourM.

V. flniil)iis (listinctis, 0-
andri^, scniidi^Miis ; spi-
els piiiicinoris ; caule re-
trorsmn aciilcato ; foliis
Jiastalis. Mich. I. p. 24 1.

S|). pi 2. p. 453. Walt. p. 132

Stem flcxuous. prostrate or climbing over small shnibn, «nglcd, to*
uanls IIm? snmmit uifb capitate liair aiul a stellated pubescence.
lA'nvp'i on lona; |>etiolos, hastate, wifli (he auricles acute, pubescent.
Stifiiilea slinrt. ciliate h'loicers in terminal and axillary spikes. Co*
rolla 4 partod ; ^ey,lnentH ovate, 2 smaller than the others. -S'tamen^
S. short, with as many sterile filaments interposed between the fertile.
J^tfd Iar2;e, ovate, compressed.

Grows with the preceding species. Common.

Flowers June — October.

Flowers distinct, hex-
audrous, with the style d
cleft ; spikes few flowered;
stem retiorsely aculeate ;
leaves hastate.

Pursh, 1. p. 272.

i5. Convolvulus.

P. florihus 8-aiidris, se- | Flowers octandrous,

iiiitiiuiynis ; Ibliis ol)lon- j with the stvles s cleft 5

gis, cordalis ; caule an- ( leaves oblong, cordate ;

gulato, asj)onuseulo ; ca- | stem angled, roughened ;

lycihus IVuctiforis apteris. calyx of the mature fruit

ilich 1. p. 241. I witiiout wings.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 455. Pursh, 1 . p. 273.

A climbinj: plant, nmninEf over small shrubs, fences, &c. annual.
Flowers in axillary racemes. Anthers violet-coloured. Lino.
Grows from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh.
Flowers Auirust — October.

j6. SCANDENS.

V. floriluis 8-andris, 3- | Flowers octandrous,

gynis ; foliis lato corda- | tri,2;ynous ; leaves broad

lis : stipulis truncalis. nu- | cordate ; stipules trun-

dis; caule volui)ili ii;lal)ra ;
calycibus fructifcris trip,
tens. Mich. 1. p. 210.

cate, naked ; stem twin-
ing, glabrous ; calyx of
the mature fruit winged.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 4j6. Pur^h, I. p. 273.

Stem climbing, angled, smooth, bright purple. Leavfs with the an*
gles extended, obtuse j the margins and veiud slightly scabrvvfl.

460

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA,

Stipules short, glabrous, sllglitlv 2-toot' ed by 2 decurrent luerve;^
Flowers in axillary racemes, tlie buds or joints a little remote, 2 — S
or many flowered. Corolla white, the 3 exterior wings with the Hiar-
gins dilated, crenate. Styles very short Stigmas globose.

Grows in cultivated places, along fences, &e.

J?lowers July — October.

CARDTOSPERMUM. Gen. pl. 680.

' Cali^x 4 phyllus. Pe-
iala 4. J^ectorium 4-
pbyllum, injeqiiale. Cap-
sulce 3, connafje, inflatse.

1. Haljcacabum.
C. glabnini ; foliolis
inciso-lobatis, iniparibus

Calyx 4 leaved. Pe-
tals 4. Kecta.ry 4 leav-
ed, unequal. Capsules %
conoate, inflated.

Glabrous ; leaflets ia-
cised and lobed, the ter-
minal one rhoniboidal.

I'homboideis. Pursh, i.
p. 273.

Sp. pl. 2. p. A67. Mich. 1. p. 242.

A small delicate vine, annual. Leaves alternate, irre.gularly anft
variously lobed. Floivers small, lierbaceous. Caly.v persistent.
iSffi^i globose, .narked at base with a cordate cicatrice.

This plant is occasionally seen in the gardens around Gharlestorf,
but has the appearance of an exotic.

Flowers July — October.

SAPINDUS. Gen. pl. 68 1 .

Calyx 4-phyllus, infe-
rus. Petala 4. Capsulce
carnosje, connatae, ventri-
6osae.

1. Saponaria ?

S. foliis glabris, abrup-
te pinnatis, foliolis ovali-
lanceolatis ; rachi alato ;
fructibussphsericis. Mich.
i, p. S42.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 468. Pursh, 1. p.

Calyx 4 leaved, inferi-
or. Petals 4. Capsules
fleshy,
cose.

connate, ventri-

Leaves glabrous, ab-
ruptly pinnate, leaflets
oval lanceolate ; rachis
w^inged ; fruit spherical.

2f4;-

ENNKANDRIA MONOCYNIA.

401

A small tiPC, *::0— 30 (eel lii.;h, the branches clabrous, somewliat
grnic'ilHtc, lyfavi's composoil of 4 nair ol loallets vithdiit an odtl ono^
tiie loatl.'ts not npp.isitf, lalcatt;, oorKjuo. entire. Coniinon petiole
6 — 10 inches Ions;, (ei-etc, p;lal)riMi^, slijjhtlj furrowed, not \vinu;ed.
l-'loirer'i in terminal panicU's. Leaves ol the cnlt/A- unequal (;2 lar. er),
slii;htly frinsreil Corolla 4 — 6 prtalled ; petals lanceolate, white ;
u cluster of hairs near the base of each seems to supply the place of
the nectary. Filaments 6 — 8, hairv near the base, as louj as tie co-
rolla. Germ 3 anjleil. Stjihn united, nearly conical. Stigmas ob-
tuse, simple. The base of tlie pjemi is surroniuled bj a yellow, j;lan-
dular rinj;, in vhich tlie stamen^ and petals are inserted. Capsules
3, united/ ventrioose, u;labrous. of which 1 or '2 are frequently abor-
tive. Sffd one in eacii capsule

This plant ippears to difter in several respects from the S. gapona-
ria, as desci'bfil jti th;- Spvcies Plantarum.

Grows 4 iiiiles b?iow Savannah, and is said to be found along the
sea coast of tieor;ria.

CLASS IX.

ENNEANDRIA.

MO.VOGI\YLi.

259. LATTRUS.

260. ERIOGONCM.

TRIGYJ^Li,
2G1. PLEEA.

LAUUUS. Gen. pr,. 088.

Calyx 0. Corolla cu-
Jycina l — n partita. Xec-
fariuni glandulis 3. biso-
ti?!, ovarium cin'j:;entiljus.
Filameiita interio'a e;lan-
dulifera. Dn/pa i spcr-
ma.

* Folila perrnnantibus.

1. CAaOLlNENSIt*. Mil

li. foliis ovali-lanceola-
ta^, coriaceis, subtus gluu-

CaUjxi). Corolla re^em^
Ijlinga c;ilvx.4 — i) paitetl.
\rclanj with 3 two-awri-
ed glands surrounding
' the i;crin. TI»o interior
flamrrits bearing glands.
Drupe I seeded.

I * Umves perennial.

I Leaves oval lanceolate,
coriaceous, glaucous uur

^62

ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

CIS ; pedunculis simplici-
bus, fasciculo paucifloro
terminatis ; corollse laci-
niis exterioribus duplo
brevioribus. Mich, l, p.
S45.

derneath ; peduncles ^m-
ple, terminated with a
few-flowered fascicle ; ex-
terior segments of the CO
rolla halt
mterior.

as long as the

Pursh, 1. p. 276.

Laurug Borbonia, Sp. pi. 2, p. 481. Walt. p. 133.

In favourable soils this species of Laurel becomes a hantlsome tree,
50 feet high, with a diameter of 18 or 20 inches. It is however more
•oinmonly a shrub. Leaves entire, rigid, glossy. Flowers in small
elusters, pale yellow, polygamous. Drupe dark blue, on a thick, red
peduncle.

There are two very distinct varieties of tliis plant, one, growing
"in the richest hammock lands, where it is known as the Red Bay, and
is sup|M>sed to indicate a strong soil, is distinguished by i s deep
green, almost glabrous leaves, and its wood, which is equal to plain
mahogany ; — the other, which is generally a shrub, growing in pine
barren swamps, and forming almost exclusively the growth in what are
called " bays" and " bay galls;*' has its leaves narrower, pubescent
underneath, and of a pale green colour. Both are very aromatic, and
are eaten by cattle in the winter season.

Flowers May — June.

2. Catesbyana. IVJ^ich.

L. foliis perennantihiis, | Leaves perennial, broad
lato-lanceolatis, ramuhs- | lanceolate, and with the
que glabris ; ])aniculi,s | branches gla!)rous ; pan-
breviuscule peduncula- | icles on short peduncles ;
lis; corolise laciniis oh- | segments of the corolla
longis, obtusis, subsequal- | oblong, obtuse, nearly e-
il)us, deciduis. 31ich. l. | qual, deciduous.
p. -5i44. I

Pursh, 1. p. 275.

A shrub 6 — 9 feet high. Corolla white, and somewhat rotate..
Perfect stamens 6. A^ectary 5 cleft. Berry ovate, black. Mich.

Grows on the sea coast of Georgia and Florida ; Pursh. In the
southern part of Florida j Mich.

Flowers

KNNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

46»

** FoJHs drciduis, Jlo-
rhl)us dioicis,

r?. BkN'/OIN.

L. foliis i)l)ovato-lance-
olatis. subtus puhesccDli-
bus; floiibus glonierato-
iimlH'lhitis : deinmisped-
iccllisque glabris.

Sp.pl. 2. p. 485. Walt. p. 133,

L. Pseudo-Benzoin, Mich. 1. p. 243.

A shrub 4 — 10 foet liiy;h, branches Tir^ate. Lfar^scuneate at base#
of a ^lauciiusor rather wluiish hue underneatl). Fedicels short, tlow"
(?)-s pale yellow. Drupes red.

Grows alonj^ the margins of rivulets.

Flowers March. Spice-wood,

* * Leaves deciduous^
JImvers dioicous.

Leaves obovate lance-
olate, pubescent uiider-
neatli ; flowers in dus-
tercd unil)(ls ; l)U(ls and
pedicels glabrous.

Pursh, 1. p. 2r6.

4. Ggnicclata. Walt.

L. folils parvulls, ovali-
bus,l?cvil)us; noril)Us um-
bellatis; caule dicbotonio,
flcxuoso.

leaves small, oval,
smootb ; flowers in um-
bels ; stem dicliotomouSj
flcxuous.

Walt p. 133. Mich. 1. p. 244. Parsh, 1. p. 276.

A small tree, 10 — 1.1 feet high, very much branched, with the
branchea bent and an:;l€d in a sinu;ular manner, and with much regu-
larity. Leaves small, obtuse, smoi>th, the youn^ ones a little pubes-
cent near the base. Each bud generally 3 flowered. Fluuevs yellow.
Dm pen red.

Grows around ponds, and in shallow water.

Flowers February — March. Fund-spice'.

^. .•E^TIv.^M^.

L. ioliis venosis, ob-

longis, acuminatis, annu-

is, subtus ruiJiosis ; rainis

supra axillaribus. Sp. pi.

2. p. 4*:i 1<.

I have inserted thi« species from IjinnKus, although it is said to be
a native of Virginia, merely to recal tu it tin' attention of our botanihts.
Late writers refer this plant to tlie L. ueniculata, but to that species
(he description of Lina<t:U(i beaib uo rebomblaDcc. To the L. mcliK-

Leaves veined, oblongs
acuminate, annual, rugose
underneatb ; brandies ax-
illary above.

464 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Sfefblia its affinity is much greater ; but it is probably a species at
present unktiown. The description of Gronovius, however, applies to
the L. genicuiata.

Grows along the margins of rivulets.

Flowers

6. Meliss;e FOLIA. Walt.

L. tbliis cordato-Iance- ! Leaves coixlate lanceo^

late, veitied, pubescviiit
underneath ; flowers in
flustered umbeis ; buds
and pedicels villous.

olatis. venosis, subtus pu-
bescentibus ; floribus glo-
merato-uinbellatis ; 2;em-
mis pedicellisque villosis.
Walt. p. 134.'

L. diospyroides, Mich. 1. p. 244.
L. Diospyrus, Pursh, 1. p. 276.

A small shrub, 2 — 3 feet high. Root creepiap;. Leaves strongly
veined, somewhat rugose, pubescent. finds sessile, 3 flowered.
Flowers yellow. Drupe red

Grows around the edges of ponds, particularly those that are fre-
quently dried up.

Flowers February — ^larch.

7. Sass>fiias.

Leaves entire and lo*
bed.

L. foliis integris loba

tisque, Sp. pi. 2. p. 484.

Walt. p. 134. Mich. 1. p. 244. Pursh, 1. p. 277.

A small tree, 15 — 25 feet high, frequently only a shrub. Leaves
various, entire, lanceolate, ovate, sometimes 2 or 3 lobed, somewhat
rugose, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers in umbels, v el low*. Buds
pedicellate. Stamens of the sterile flower S. Anthers yellow, 2
lobed, each lobe 2 celled : 6 orange-coloured glands, nearly reniform,
fixed round the base of the 3 interior filaments. Stamens of the fer-
tile flower 6, short, imperfect. Germ superior, ovate. <S^^/fe filiform.
Stigma capitate, depressed. Drupe blue.

Grows in light soils. Very common along fences, and around old
fields.

Flowers March — and, like all the species in this section, produces
its flowers before the leaves unfold. Sassafras.

ERIOGONUM. Mich.

Involiicrum campanu-
I tuiii, niultiflorum. Ca-
lyx subcampanulatus, 6-

Involucnim campanu-
late, nmny flowered. Ca-
lyx somewhat canipanu-

ENNLANDRIA TRIGYKIA.

465

fidus. Corolla n. Stj>
men 1, ti iquctruni, calycc
tectum.

late, 6 cleft. Corolla 0.
Srrd 1, 3-angled, clothed
with the calyx.

1. TOMENTOSUM. Micll.

E. foIiiso^ariI)iis,l)asi cu- Leaves oval, cuncate at

iieatis, supra £;lal)ris, sub-
tus all)o-tomcntosis, cau-
linis ternis qualernisve ;
florum fasciculis axillari-
bus, solitariis, sessilibiis.

base, glabrous on the up-
per surface, clothed with
a white down on the un-
der, stem leaves by Ss
or 4s ; clusters of llowers
axillary, sohtary, sessile.

Mich. 1. p. 246. Piisli, 1. p. £77.

Root perennial. Stem licrbaceou?, about 2 feet hiffh, branching;,
anil somewhat dichntomous. Leaves at cacli division of the stem 3,
sonictitnes 4, lanceolate, sessile, at the root oblong, tapering at base,
all clothed on the under surface, together with the stem, involucrum
and cahfx, wiH» a close, white tomentum or down. Stamens longer
than the calyx.- Germ superior, 3 angled. (S/y^e very short. Stig-
mas 3, simple. Seed acutely 3 angled, clothed with the persistent
calyx. Mich.

Grows on th« highest sand hills in the middle country of Georgia
and Carolina.

Flowers tkrough the summer.

TRIGYXIJi.

^^^^^^ %/V\'V'%.-\ ^

Mich.

Corolla 6 parted, ex-
panding. Capsule supe-
rior, 3 angled, 3 celled.
Seeds numerous, oblong,
attached to the margin of
the valves.

PLEEA.

Corolla 6 -partita, pa-
tens. Capsula supera, tri-
gona, trilocularis. Scmi-
na nunierosa, ohlonga,
margini valvulorum ad-
nata.

1. Tenvifolia. Mich.

Mich. I. p. 248. Pursh, 1. p. 278.

Root perennial, fibrous or a little tuberous. Leaves very narrow,
•nsiform, like the whole plant glabrous. iSYem lealV, 1 — 2 feet hisjh.
Floicers in a terminal spike. Sheaths alternate, acute, one flowered.
Segments of tiie corolla lanceolate, acute, of a yellowish red colour.
Stamensus, long as the corolla. Seeds terete, slightly bowed, attached
by a small stipes to tlie margin of the valves.

Grows in the open bogs, in lowei- Carolina ; Midi; Near V>"il'
raington, Nortli'-Carolina ; M. Nuttaf.

1,8

4«e

CLASS X,

DECANDRIA.

MOJ^OGYKM.

285, SAXIFRAGA.

286. TIAREIJ.A.

262.

BAPTISIA.

287. S A PON ARIA.

263.

CRRCIS.

264

CASSIA.

TltlGFA'M.

265.

MEL1\.

2(6.

TRIBULUS.

288. Cl^rBALUS.

267

MONOTROPA.

289. SILENE.

268.

DION^A.

290 STELLARIA.

269.

JU8SIEUA.

291. NRENARIA.

270.

KALMIA.

295i BRUNNhHIA.

271.

LEIOPHYLLUM.

272.

RHODODKNBRON.

TETRAGY.KM.

273.

ANDROMEDA.

274

VACXINIUM.

293. MICROPETALUM

275.

EPIGiEA.

276.

GNULTHERIA.

PEJS"T.4GY,rM.

277.

CLETHRA.

278.

PYROLA.

294. SPERGULA.

279.

CHIMAPHILA.

295 CERASTIUM.

280.

STYRAX.

296. OX A US.

281.

HAi.ESIA.

297. PENTHORUM.

382.

MYLOCARIUM.

398. SEDUM.

DIGYA'M.

VEC^GY.YL9.

283. HYDRANGEA.

ft84. CHRYSOSPLENIUM.

299. PHYrOLACGA.

BAPTISIA. Ventenat.

Calyx semi-4 — .5 -fid us,
bilabiatus. Corolla paji-
ilionacea, petalis lon^i
tudine suhjequalihus: vex-
illurn latt'ril>us reflexis.
Stamina deddua. l£-
gwuen ventricosum. ped-
icelliitunij pol)'speriiiuui.

Caljix 4 — .5 cleft, bila-
biate. Corolla papiliona-
ceous, wirb the petals e-
qual in length ; vexiMuui
with the sides reflected.
Stamens deciduous. L«^-
gume V entri<ose, pedicel-
led, luaiiy seeded.

BECANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

467

i. TrnFoiJA TA.

iVs^lahrrriiiia: (olii^^prr-
folialis, ()\alil>iH, inu.'i:;f'i-
rimis. p;liunis : tloribu!*
a\illaril)us. solitariis. K.

V(Ty clahrous ; leaves
|)eifolialc, oval, entire,
i^laiicous ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary.

Unl'iiia peif(>liat;i. Sp. pi. 3. p. 949.

Sophoia peilttliata, NValt. p. 133.

Piidalviia peifoliata, Midi 1. p. -263. Pursh, 1. p. 50f.

7/'>o^ as in all tlie specie"^, poreniiial. Stnn licrl)aopous, spanncf-
Iv 'ir.iiiclied. Learps simple, entire, y;eiierall\ oval, soiiu'tiincw neai ly
round, very smootli and glaucous. Flowers small, pale yellow. 1^'
^ume iiitlited, laine. Seeda riMidorm, very small-

(irows in tlif div sand I'ills. Us uncommon foliage renders it an
inti'restinii an<l oinatnental plant.

Flowers May — July.

2 Lanckolata. Walt.

B puhcsceiis; foiiist r-
natis. cuneato-laneeolatis,
oi)tusis : florihiis axillati-
bus, solitaiiis, teniiinali-
bus racemosis E.

Puhescen* ; leaves ter-
niUe. ciineate lanceolate,
ol»tuse ; tl»wers axillaiy,
solitary, tlie icnninal ones

formirjg racemes.

Sophora lancpolata, Walt p. 135.

Podalyria uniHoia, Micii. 1. p. -iGo. Pursh, 1. p. 507.

Stem lierbaceous, 2 3 het hi<;h, sreniculate,and branching. Lenvpo
•n very short petioles, entire, emarginatc. iitipulfx very nuiiute.
Floivers of an obi^cure yellow, solitary, axillary, but at the extremity
of tie old ')ianclie.> fre(|ueiitlv foniiin;; terminal racemes; the vex-
illu'u deeply emar;^iiiate and ratiier sliorter tnaii t le other petals.

Grows in dry, sandy soils. Common in the middle districtti of oa-
solina and (ieor^ia

Flowers April — .May.

3. TiNCTOUlA.

H. a;lal)enima ; P)liis | Very glaVoiis : leaves
teriiatis. ohovatis, apice | tern.ite, obovatt, rounded
rotundatis. siihses'^ilihus ; | at the puiiinit, nearly ses-
racemistenninaliljLis; (lo- j sile ; racemes terminal ;
ribus luteis. E. | flowers yello.v.

Sophora tinctj»ria, Walt, p 134.

Podalvri.i tinctoria, Sp. pi. 2. p. 503. Mich. I. p. ilOi, Purgh^
1. p. dU».

468

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Stem herbaceous, I — 2 feet high, very much branched. Leaves
imall, cuneate at base. Flowers small, in terminal racemes, yellow.
Legume on a long stipes.

Grows in very dry soils.

Flowers June— August.

Wild Indigo.

Leaves ternate, leaflets
oblong, wedge shaped,
obtuse ; stipules lanceo-
late, twice as long as the
petiole; racemes long;
legume acuminate.

Podalyria australis, Sp. pi. 2. p. 503.

Podalyria ccerulea, Mich. 1. p. 264. . Pursh, 1. p. 307.

Stem herbaceous, often decumbent. Leaves glabrous, on very short
petioles. Flowers blue.

Grows along the margins of rivulets, particularly in the western
districts of Carolina. PursJi.

Flowers June — July.

4. Australis.

B. foliis ternatis, folio-
lis oblongo-cuneatis, ob-
tusis ; stipulis lanceolatis,
petiolo duplo longioribus ;
racemis elongatis ; legu-
minibus acuminatis.

5. ViLLOSA. Walt^.
B. foliis ternatis, lan-

I Leaves ternate, lance-
ceolatis, pubescentibus ; I olate, pubescent ; stem
caule calycibusque villo- ) and calyx villous ; sti-
sis ; stipulis linearibus ; ra- | pules linear ; racemes ter-
cemis terminalibus ; flo- | minal ; flowers grey,
ribus griseis. |

Sophora villosa, "Walt. p. 134.

Podalyria villosa, Mich. 1. p. 264. Pursh, 1. p. 307.

Leaves nearly sessile, oval oblong, obtuse, pubescent on the under
surface and along the margins. Calyx 4 cleft. Corolla yellow. Mich.

It is not improbable that Michaux has described, under this name,
a. different species from that of Walter. This genus will probably
yet be much enlarged.

Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers June— July.

6. Alba. ^

B. ramis divaricatis ;
foliis ternatis, petiolatis,
foliolis cuneato-lanoeola-

Branches divaricate ;
leaves ternate, petiolate,
leaflets lanceolate, wedge

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

16*

sliaj)t(l at base, obtuse,
imicroiiatc, glabrous ; sti-
|)ulcs subulate, sliortcr
than the petiole; racemes
termiFial ; flowers white.

Mich. l.p.2G4. Purslj,l.p. 308.

tis, obtiisis, niutronatis,
glabris ; stipujis subula-
tis, petiolo brcvioribus ;
raceniis terminallbus; llo-
ribus albis.

Poilalyria alba, "^p. pi. 2. p. 503.
Suphora alba, NN alt. p. 134.

Root peretmial, composed of thick, fl<^sliy fibres. Stem generallj
•imple, 1 — 2 feet hijtjh ; branches near the siiiiirnit flcxuous, expanding,
glabrous. Flowers in Ion:; (1 — 2 feet) terminal racemes ; the commun
peduncles^ like the branches, dark purple livactea a subulate leaf afe
the base of each flower, longer tlian tlie peduncle and flower, and
falling before its expansion. Calyx 4 cleft, the upper segments emar-
ginate. Stamens uneijual, distinct, shorter tiian the petak. Cnpsuie
iailatod. cylindrical. Seeds very small.

Grows ill damp, stron;2; soils.

Flowers March — April.

7. Bracteata. Muhl. Cat.

B. pul)cscens ; ramis | Pubescent ; branches

divaricatis ; fbliis ternatis,
petiulatis ; foliolis lancco
latis ; racernis axillaribus,
retlinatis ; bracteis niajus-
culis, lato-subulatis, per-
sistentibus. E.

tlivaricatc ; leaves ter-
nate, pctiulate ; leaflets
lanceolate ; racemes ax»
illarv, reclined ; bracteas
large, wide subulate, per-
sistent.

stem 1 — 2 feet high, branching from the base ; branches nearly ho-
riiontal. Leaves lar^e, lanceolate, rather obtuse, on petioles half an
inch long. Stipules low^er than ttie petioles. The rffcpm<'s general-
ly proceed from the under side of the branches, and bend to the
earth, so that they are frequently not seen unless the branches are
raised up Bracteas an inch long, and nearly as wide at base, per-
sistent, giving the racemes a leafy appearance. Flowers grey, larger
than those of any other species which 1 liave seen.

Grows in dry, rich soils, near Wrightsborough, Columbia county,
Georgia.

Flowers April.

These plants, as far as they were known, were formerly comprised
by Linnteus in the large and miscellaneous genus Sophora, in which
at first he placed nearly all the plants known to him, which, with pap-
ilionaceous flowers, had ten distinct stamens. As the speciei multi-
plied, and were accurately examined, it was found necessary to subdi»
vide the genus, and our plants were thrown, with a number of specie*
from the C»p« uf Good tiopej into the gtaug FoUalyria. Hecentl/

470

BTICANDTITA MONOGYNlA.

however, and I think with propriety, the jj;enus Baptisia has been es-
tabli-hed lor the North American species, which now form, perhaps
tvith the exception of the B. pcrfoliata, a very natural family.

CERCIS. Gen. pl. 696.

Calyx 5-clentatns. in-
ierne g;il)l)us. Corolla \m-
pi ionacea,vrxillo suh alls
brtvi. L&giimen. (Folia
sin.plicia.)

1. Canadensis.

C. foliis subi otundo-cor-
datis, acuniinatis, ad axil-
las nervoiiini villosis ; le-
giiminil'/Us bi evi stipitatis.
Mich. 1. p. 265.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 508. Walt. p. 135.

Calyx 5 toothed, gib-
bous at inise. ( orolla pa»
pilionaceous, with a short
vcxilhirn underlhe wings.
Seed vessel a
(Leaves simple.)

egunie.

Leaves nearly roiinr],
cordate, aeunnnate, vil-
lous at tile axils of the
nerves ; legumes on short
footstalks.

Puish, 1. p. 308.

A small tree, 15 tu 30 feet high, brandies slightly geniculate, bark
smooth, of a lij;ht grey colour. L^otv-s deciduous, entire, f'tourrs in
small axillary racemes, I or 2 of which aie produced froifi each bud,
bearing 6 — 8 flowers ('aiy.r pubescent at the margin. Corolla of a
bright rose colour, the vexillum very small within the winj!;8, the keel
composed of 2 petals larger than the other parts of the flower and
which cohere when young. StamenH unequal (5 alternately long),
shorter than the corolla. J\t"cetari/ ? a smiili linear gland at the base,
of the germ. Lfgumes compressed, many seeded.

This tree produces its flowers in great profusion before the leaves
are unfolded, and, from the brightness of their colour, is one of tlie
most ornamental trees in our forests. When the leading shoot is cut
down it btcomes shrubby, producing many suckers from the roots.

Grows in rich, light soils.

Floweis in the beginning of March.

CASSIA. Gen. pl. 700.

Calyx 5-phyllus. Pe-
tola S). Antlierce supre-
mse 3 steriles, infinise
3 rostt atse, Legunun ^xx-

Calyx 5 leaved. Pe-
ffU a. The 6 upper an-
thers sterile, the 3 lower
beaked. Legume supe-
rior, S vaived.

OnCANDKri MONOGYNIA.

471

i. ToHV.

(/. fz;lal)ni : fuliis ;J jii-
pH. ohova'is.riliatis, cxtc
ri(>ril)us niajorilms, s:\au-
diila siil)ul.ita inter iii-
ici ioia : pcilurHiilis pau-
ciM'H'is axillarihus ; lrii;u-
iiiiiiihus arcuaiis. E-

Sp pi.

515. Wall. p. 135.

niahi'oiH : leaves in 3
pair, ()l)')vate, eiliate, the
terminal ones the lar!i;cst,
a subulate «z;Iau(l between
the lower pair ; pediiri-
rles lew n'uver("(l, axilla-
rv ; lep;urnes curved.

Pur.Mi, I. p. 305.

Annual. Stem 3 fi-ct iuijl), l)r;inchini;, a little roUi;h, and sprinkleil
with hair near tlio siiiiunit. Lchl-i's i;lat)n)ii.s, slii^lulv iiiucroiiatf, im-
c«jual at bast', the lower pair m-ariv rmind, the upper somewhat spathu-
la'e Gland peiiicellate, oran;^e-c(il.»iireil. Stipules ensiforni, eili-
ate. Leaved of the cali/.v obtu>e, 5 nerved, ciliate. /V/o/.s obovate,

uiiecpial, etnar;;inate, 3 nerved, yellow. Stamens 2 — 3 lon<j, 4 G of

an intprmt'diate size, all much shorter than the corolla. Jint/iers erect,
4 anjiled. of an olive colour, openin;; at the summit through a Ion"-
contracted mouth. Qerw linear, tleclining ')ityle very short. Sti"--
ma obtuse, legume about 6 inches long, when young square, when
mature teiete, curved. Seeds numerous, reniform.ohlitiuely truncate.

I !iave never seen the variety with straii^ht legumes, and cannot
therefore determine whetlier tiiis will form a distinct species.

(irows about buildin'rs, and in dry, cultivated soils. Common.

Flowers Au^^ust- October.

2 0( ('IOKNT.\Ll«t.

C jilal)i-a ; loliis i"5-ju-
gis. ovato-lanceolatis, a-
cuininatis, inar'i;inc sca-
biis ; pe;lun<'ulis faseieu-
latis. pauci^oris. axillari-
bus ; lei»;uniinil)us com-
pressis, laical is. E.

8p. pi. 2. p 518. Mich. l.p. 5GI. Pursh, 1. p. 305.
Cassia Caroliniana .' Walt. \u 135.

liont annual. Strm 4 — fi feet liigh, rarely branched, slightly geii-
irulate towards the siinmit. lances sometime^, t!)oujrh not ofieii,
with six pair of leaflets, rarely if ever 3; leaflets slightly serrulate,
uue(|ual at base, the upper one t!ie largest. (Hand, near the base of
the common petiole, globular. Slip, les lancecdate, acunnnale, ob-
lique at base, deciduous. Flower.^ on small racemes, 1 — \ in eacW
aiiil : the raceme* 3 — <j flowered. lirnclea at t!ie ha-e of each flower
cordate ovate, acuminate, spotted, cuducous. FtitaU yellow, without

Gla!)rous ; leaves in 5
pail-, ovate lanceolate, a-
cunrinatc, scabrous along
the e(lu;es ; peduncb'S
clusteied, lew dowered,
axillary ; legumes com-
pressed, falcate.

47»

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

ipots at base. Stamens 6 fertile, 4 sterile. Germ pubescent. L«-
gume coriaceous, many seeded (30 — 50). Seeds nearly oval, coin<*
pressed.

This plant has very rarely S pair of leaflets on each leaf, yet I know
•f no other species to which the C. Caroliniana of Walter can be re-
ferred.

Grows around buildings. Very common.

Flowers July — October. Styptic -weed.

3. Linearis. Midi.

C. glabra ; foliis 5 — 6-
jugis, ovatis, acutis ; pe-
dunculis axillaribus, pau-
cifloris ; leguminibus te-
retibus. E.

Glabrous ; leaves in 5
or 6 pair, ovate, acute ;
peduncles axillary, few
flowered ; legumes te-
rete.

Mich. 1. p. 261. Pursh, 1. p. S06.

Very similar in habit and appearance to the preceding species.
heaves rather smaller, acute rather than acuminate, with a gland at
the very base of the petiole. Racemes axillary, few flowered (2 — 4).
Legumes terete, somewhat curved, many seeded.

Michaux' name for this species is certainly not appropriate ; its
terete legume is its only valid character, and would have supplied at
tinexceptionable name.

Grows in Carolina; Mich. I have only seen this plant in Michaux*
old garden, near Charleston, and know not where he first discovered
it.

Flowers August — October.

4. LiGUSTRINA.

C. pubescens ; foliis 7-
jugis, lanceolatis, extinriis
minoribus ; pedunculis
terminalibus, subpanicu-
latis ; leguminibus oblon-
gis, subfakatis. Pursh,!.
p. 306.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 523.

Leaves glabrous, hairy along the margin. Gland at the bas? ©f the
petiole. Linn.
Grows in cultivated ground, from Virginia to Georgia.
Flew«rs July— August*

Pubescent ; leaves in
7 pair lanceolate, die
exterior one ^allest; pe-
duncles terminal, some-
what paniculate ; legumes
oblong, slightly falcate.

UKCANDRIA MONO(;VMA.

473

Xcaily ,L:;la1»roiis ; leaves
in H pair, ()l)l«jni; lanceo-
late, luucronale; racemes
axilluiy, many flowered;
lei^un\es linear, curved.

5. Marilanuica.

C glahriuscula : Ibliis 8-
ju,u;i^.()l>long()-laiice(jlali^,
inucronatis; racemis ax-
illaribns, nniltilioris ; Ic-
<j;iiminibiis linearibus, ar-
cualis.

Sp. 1)1. 2 p. 5:24. Walt. p. 13j. Midi. 1. p. 2()l. Tursh, 1. p. 30G.

Stem spiinkK'd \vit!i liair. LeavfS all lu'arlv ei|ual. Ghud obo-
TUtc, near the base of t lie petiole. //arc/iK'.s axillary, but, as in the tlirea
precedin;; species, appearing paniculate at the bunujiit ol the atom.
•.i;///iprs dark brow n. '

Grows in |;ravilly s()i!s,-along the banks of riverg. Pursh.

Viouers June — Au<rust.

Leaves in many pairs^,
linear, c;labrous ; buds lew
flowered (i — ;J), above
tlie axils ; 2 petals spot-
ted j legumes villous.

0. CTiAM^r.riiisTA.

C. foliis mullijugis, li-
nearibus. g;labris;2:e it mis
paiicifloris (l — :i), supra
axillaiibus : petalis duo-
bus maculatis ; Icgumini-
bus villosis. E.

Sp. pi, 2. p. 528. Walt. p. 15G. Mich. 1. p. 2G2. Pursh, 1. p. 5ftC.
Annual. Stem 1 — ifccthijh.crectand procumbent, with t!ie branches
divaricate, hirsute and scabrous. Leaves in 10 — 1 J pair, ob!i(|ue,
oval, but very narrow, mucronate, slightly serrulate, and glaucous
underneath, the veins pellucid; petiole hirsute, with a pedicellate
cup-shaped g;Iai)d belou the lowest pair of leaflets. Stipidts subulate,
ciliate. Petals yellow, 2 sonietiuies S spotted at ba>e with purple.
Stamens 10, all fertile. .Inthers 4 yellow, G purple. Legumes linear,
very villous.

(irows in ?andv soiU; very generally diffused over the country.

Flowers August — September.

7. Fascicilata. Mich.

C. glabriuscula : foliis
iiudtijugis ; fasciculis lat-
cralibus, multilloris ; pe-
talis ?taminil)uscpie con-
coloribiis ; leguminibus
glabris. Mich. l. p. 20^:.

Pursh, 1. p. oUG,

.M 3

Nearly glabrous ; leaves
in many pairs ; fascicle?;
lateral, many flowered ;
pelals and stamens of
one colour; legumes gla-
brous.

474

DF,C\Nnr?T\ MONOr.YNlA.

Leaves in many pairs, tlie up;)ei- arc y;enerally in 9 pair. The
Ww/i^/, near the )nid<IIe of the petiole, sessile '■'.•ro//rt stn:) Her than
tliat nt'the C. cham'*rrista. yellow. Le^^umes curved. Mich.

Grows in Hrv cul ivated laud.

Flowers June — August.

8 NC TITANS.

C. pubpscens ; foliis Pubescent : leaves in
mii]uju<^ls,linearil)us; pc- many paiis, linear; pe-
dujiculis fasdruiaiis, pau- tluncles clustered, few
cifl HIS, supra axillaiil)us; I Howtired, above the axils;
fl -libus pentandris; sta- / flowers pentandrous; sta-
minibus iBqualil)Us. E. j mens equal.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 5^29. Walt p. 135. Mich. I. p. 2G2. Pursh, 1. p. 307".

Annual. Stem 1 — 2 feet hifh, erect and procumbent, becoming
g1al)rous when old ; branches expanding. Leaves in many pairs
(IG 20), niucronate, gibbous at base. Gland belou the lowest
pair of leaves, turbinate, rather large, truncate at the suniirut.
Fr({unc'ef< generally 3 flowered, sometimes very near the axils Fe-
/f'/- unequal, yellow, tiie exteiior one much lar<jer tlian tl^e others.
It'-uiinents short. Jinthers purple. Legumes oblong, compressed, vil-
loma.

Grows in great profusion in old dry pastures. Common in all
sandv s-.»ils.

Fiuwers August — October.

<). As. 'ERA. Mnbl. Cat.

r. sti ij;osa, ispcra ; fo-
liis nudtiju2:is. lineari-lan-
ceolais, eiliatis ; pedun-
ciilis pau< ifloris, supra
axi!larii)us ; floribus 7-9-
an(bis ; stan)inibus tri-
bus loiigioiibus. E.

Strisiosp. roiis:h ; leaves
in nia.iy paij'^, linear lan-
ceolate, eiliato ; pedun-
cles few flowered, above
the axils ; flowtrs with
7 — 9 stamens, 3

longer

tiian the rest.

Annual. Stem 1 — 3 f< et high, hispid and rough ; branches gene-
rally erect Leaves in many pairs (24- ; leafiets fiinged, particular-
ly ;ni one margin. Gland below the lowest pair of leaves, turbinate,
concave at the sum<nit. P/'fiwuc/f'.s generally 3 flowered. Stamens ir-
rt'.ular. 3 always longer than the rest, the remainder (most frequent-
1 ) uneqiijl. Vn//?prs unequal, vfllow. cleganth marked al^uu the
^ides aud around the moutiij witii a purple line, Legmne compressed>

DECVNnniA MONOOYNIA.

476

ol>tu8e, murronato, mnrkcMl with transverse purj)lc bands brtwroti t'c
seeds, jj^oti'Tall V c(»nl;iiniu^ 6 seeils. *

Ver\ similar in liu')it airul j|i|)i'atance to the C. ni« ti'aiiH. with
chilli if ;;r<)v\«* nil the hca i.-»laii(U, a:i<l witli u .icli it has hitherto Uceo
CourmiiMlfd. On Kdiii^'s island near IJeaufort, cununon.

Flowers Au-usi — October.

iAIKLlA. Gin. pl. 724.

r^/'//.r 5- flontatus. Pr-
tabi 5. SWt'irinm cylin-
(lra(:i'mn,(lefitaluin.fiiU(:r
aiilheras iackmis. Dvupa
mice quinqiicloculari.

Culjj.v .) toollicfl. Pc-
tdh .3. .VfCturff r> linlri-
cal, tooihcfJ, hijiiiiij; the
aid Iters in tlit' iliKi.t.
Dnipc Willi u 3 ccIIlJ
nut.

Leaves bipirinatc ; I'uf-
lets smooth, ovule, toolii-
cd.

1. AZEDARACH.

M Ibliis l)i{)iiiiialis; lb-
liolis lyevihiis, ovati?*. dcn-
taiis. Pcrs. i. p. toy.

Sp. pl. ^2. p. 558

A trf'C 30 — 40 feet Iii^h, and in favourable soils sometimes more
than 3 f«'et in dia;neter, witii branches clustered at irre.ular iit -r-
vals. i^aves decnluous, doubly pinnate ; Iciileri of a dee > grneii C'»-
liiur, dentate, acuminate, ulahrous. flowers in clustered axillary
panicles at tin* summit of the bianches. of a lilac col.iur, and remarka-
i)le in their structure for their curinus nectary. Stamens vrv sh n-t,
JJnpe containiuj;a nut obtusely aiij^ular, and enveloped in a soft, yi-l-
lovvish pulp.

Tiiis tree, a native of l'«M-sia. is now perfectly naturalized in our
country, sprin^jinj^ front seed in cultivated latid and around em In-
sures with more freedom tlian mist of our natirc trfes. It is n w
generally cultivated around bjildioi^s and in yards, and in m.nn re-
spects merits this prelerenci-. It liiows more rapidly than aiiv of t-r
tree with which we are ar(|.iaiiited. forms a fine shade, retains t ip.
beautiful verdire of it<» le.ives until l«t<* in the autumn, and is so
noxious to insects in ^^eneral. that it excanes almost entirely t fir
ravages. Within a few vears pa>t, ttowever. a species of c>»ccus has
been found in the autumn to ilestroy V c leaves of this tn-e. in the
contral part of Charleston. Its fl(»\viTs are ornamental and !'ra..:vit.
Its ti'iib(>r IS said to Ih* diiralile. and, as its colour is .:o<>d, it ius b >ii
reriinmended lor cabinrt-makfr's work ; but the ^rain is loo ci>ai -c
ft fine and ornamental furniture. Its i;r«'atest disadvatitaje - ■' e
facility with which it is blo^vn do n l)v hi;rh winds: b*if i- i • '-
p»Mi*ati >'i. it lit'ars tra'isnla tti-i.: ''V' o v^hi'o nl !. takf> i . > I u ••^t
witii tliu Idcility uf au Herbaceous plaat^ and appears to suti'cr do ifl'

*%yS DEGANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

jury from l\^ving its brandies lopped off close to the trunk ever.t
second ve.ir, if necessary, by which means the head can be restrained
%vithin proper bounds. The branches make excellent fuel. The fruit
('•berries'' as they arc improperly called) is eaten by domestic animals
and birds with impunity, and is a favourite food of the Turdus migra-
torius.

Grows in most soils, preferring those which are lii^'it. The largest
trees that I have seen grow in tlie streets of the city of Savannah.
In poor, sandy soils it woiild be difficult to find a substitute for this
tree.

Flowers April Pride of America — Pride of India

The bark of the root is connidered to be a good vermifuge. Twen-
ty grains of the powdered bark, or four ounces of a saturated decoc-
tion are the usual doses given to a child of 7 years old. It is in some
measure narcotic, and requires the aid of some cathartic to carry it
through the bowels.

TRIBULUS. Gen. pl. 733.

Calyx 5 pailitus. Pe-
'tola 5, palentia. Stylus v.
C<ips2i}(^ 5, giblJSB, p!e-
rumque spinosse, poly-
spernife.

4. Maximus ?

T. foliis subqiiadriju-
gis, cxteiioribus majori-

Calyx 5 parted. Pe^

tals 5, expani]ing. Style
0. Capsules 5, gibbous,
commonly spiny, many
seeded.

Leaves generally in 4?
pair, the exterior ones lar*
peiicai'ps ten seed-

gcst ;

ed, not spiny.

bus ; pciicarpiis decas-
perini^, muticis. Sp. pi.
S. p. 566.

Tribulus terrestris, Muld. Gat.

A small, prostrate plant, ^tem pubescent, branching, 1 — 2 feet
long. Leaves pinnate, generally with 3, sometin^es \vith 4 pair of
leaflets ; leaflets unequal, oval, slightly falcate, nuicrouate, a little
liairy, and dotted with crescent shaped dots, the exterior leaflets al-
ways the largest. Sfipides subulate, villous. Fluwers axillary, soli-
tary, on peduncles about an inch long, erect when expaudcd, after-
■wards nodding. Cali/.v persistent. Petah obovate, lon;^er than the
calvx, maixescent, yellow. iStamens unequal, shorter than the corol-
la, inserted into the base of the germ. Germ superior, slightl}' furrow-
ed. Stifle? longer tlian tiie statiiens, conical, furrowed. Stigma
capitate. Capsules 10 celled, resembling 10 capsules united, gibbous
at base, roughened with tubeicles, and pointed witl) the obtuse styles.
Seed one in each cell, obovate, compressed, acute at base.

Grows in the streets of the city of Savannah. First noticed by th<?
late Dr.Brickell.

Flowers June — September.

UECANDUIA MONOCnNlA.

IV /

MONOTIIOPA. Gi:n. vl. 737.

Cnff/.r 0. Petals iO,
of which Ihc 5 exterior
arc excavated at l)ase, and
ni(Hil'(MT)iis. Capsules b
vaived. many seeded.

Scape short, thick, 1
flowei (_•(! : scales ajiprox-
iniate ; llowcr ccrniious.

(^aljix 0. Prt<!Ja i (),
horuni r> cxteriora hasi
cxcavata, niclUrei a. Cap-
sula i5-valvis, polyspcr-
nia.

I. Umflora.
M. scapo hreviore. cras-
so, luiiMoro ; squamis ap-
j)i'oxinialis; llore ccniuo.
Tursh, 1. p. JO 3.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 578. Walt. p. 13G. Midi. 1. p. 2CG.

liodts para"<ific, growin;::; from tlic roots of trees. Scape simply
^6—8 inches hi'jili, frrete, <;lal)r«r.is. socculent, wliite, ji^eiierallr clus-
tered. Liuves mcroiv scale*, sessile, ovate, rather obtuse, uliite. the
upper ones lotvi;er. oval, and appearing to ilotlie ti.e base of the co-
rolla. Flowers solitary, tcrniinal, cernnoiis. I'i'ta(s5} oblou':;, o-
bovatc, {libbous at base, pubescent on the inside particularly near the
base, and tiirnished with a melliferous pore. Filnmeiits 10, une(|ual}
shoiter than the corolla, pubescent at base; from the base of tht;
shorter filaments i2 subulate, horn-like trlands are reflected into the
hollow at the base of the petals, ^lutherfi reniform, I celled, furrow-
ed, "peninf; at eath extremity, ^"ecfury'/ one leaved, ventricose^
10 toothed, furrowed, ct('thinir the gcru>. and foiminj; finally the ex-
terior coat of the capsule ? Germ superior, veiitricose. titi/le thick,
as Ions; a*> the stamens. Siig;nin lar^e. concave, glutinous. Capsule
5 an:;liMl, 5 celled. Sirds very numerous, oblong, striate, attached lo
a central receptacle.

This plant diflers so much in its corolla and nectary from the char-
acter of the genus in the fien. I'lant. taken from the M. Ilypopithys,
that it will probably be correct to re-cstaMish Dillenius's v;t'nus ily-
popithys, to which perhaps all the many-llowcred species \\ill belong.
As tins is the only speciis I have seen in a living state, I leave to
otliers their final distribution.

Grows in light, rich soils.

Flowers October — November.

2. MORIPONTANA. MIcU

M. scapo cloni^ato, rcc- j

Scape lon^, very

tisslmo, anillo?o : sfjua- I straight,- one flowered j

478

DEC\NDRT^ MONOGYNIA,

scales distant ; flowers
eiect.

Scape bearing flowers
in ii spike : bracteas .;nd
flowers hairy on ail sides.

iTiis distantihus ; florc e-
recto. Mich. l. p. Ai6(5.

Pursh, 1. p. 503.

Floivers solitary, constantly erect. Capsule globose. Mich,
Grows in shatly woods. Carolina. Midi. »

Flowers

3, Lanuginosa. Mich.

M. scapo spi ifiyjo ; |

bracteis floribusque iin- '

dique hniuginusis, Mich.

1 p. 26\).

Pursh, I. p. 303. ^
Monotrona hypopithys, "SValt. p. 136.

Routs as in all tiie species, parasitic, throwing from the roots of
tr^es. Stem 8 — 12 inches liigh, simple, a little imiry. Leaves mere-
ly scales, membranaceous, ovate, Obtuse, sessile, crowded at base, a
little hairy, tloicers in a terminal spike, on short peduncles, lime-
teas resembling the scales PeJals obhmii;, erect. Stamens shuiter
tlian the petals. Whole plant of a li«rht tan colour.

Grovv^ in sliaded, rich soiLs, in the aud'He and upper country o.f
Carolina and Georgia. St. Stephens ; Dr xMacbride.

Flowers

Although not strictly within the limits assigned to this work, I in-,
sert the description of a new genus of plants closely allied to tiie
Monotropa, which has been politely communicated to me by the Rev.
Lewis de Schweinitz, of Salem, North-Carolina.

1 liope, however, that instead of the compound name by which
Mr. Sciiweinitz has designated this genus, to which Botanical critics
tvill oiijcct, the name of Schweinitzia may be given to it. to com- ic-
morate tiie services which its discoverer is rendering the botany of
the United States : services which will soon be generally and exten-
sively known. And altliough the attention of Mr. Schweinitz lias
hitherto been principally directed to the natural order of tlie Kungi,
yet no branch of our botany has escaped his notice, and all will be
enriched by his researches.

MONOTROPSJS. ScHWEiNi rz.

Calyx 5-phyllus, marcidus ; foliolis basi unguiculato-gibbosis. fornica-
tis. ovato-acuminatis, arete appressis corollee, quam longitudiue
adsequant.

Corolla monophylla, campanulata, carnosa (i. e. substantife ^•onotr(l-
pee), rubro-alba : limbo quinquefido, albo,de>!um n^flexo. laciniis
ovato-acntis. Ad basin comllre nectarimn quinquefidum inclu-
suzn coroilaai quasi gibbosam reddit.

DBrANTIRI\ IMONOr.YKlA.

479

Stamina ilerem, nvcU' iii^idomia \utvr nrrtaiia i^craiini ; filamoi.ta

« .11 iii'D-iubi a ; atitlu'i.c l(tt)-a*. < lavato-^at'catje.
Pii-tiUum unicum. j;ciiuin«'-(nia»li.it(» aut |)otiu> piMitai:ona, sub forni-

c.to, nloliosd iti>i(lciis, stiu«i>ut< sub;;l(»biist( %ific(>, 5-\alvi, apicc

port) nataro : stijiitc carnuao durO) bti()ulis cariieis dcinum niar-

cidis, bruiiiiei^ obsttto.

i. OlHtUAlA.

M. floribus ciimpaiiulatis, in capitulo airrc'zntis. S.

A small plant, r> — 4 inclios liigli, re3embliii<; ciilirely in habit the
Mi>K(»fn»pa. riit'^oMvrs have the odour ()(■ tlie violet. Iturov*-. in
ri«!.. bhadi>d laiui^. in Stokts county, N'trth-C'arolina, generally cov-
oti;d with leaves. Flowers Fobruarv and .Niaicli.

DIOWKA. (lEN. I'L. 729.

Calf/x 3 leaved. Pe-
tdh .3. Stiguia riiiil)ii;ite.
Capsule I celled, gibbous,
many seeded.

Cnhjx ;7-p!iylli!s. Pe-
tain 5. stiguui liinbrici-
tum. ■ Capsida i-locula-
ris. 2;i'^I)a, pulyspcnna.

i. MlSCIPtLA. S|). ;il. ij. p 574.

Walt. p. 14-!. Mich. 1. p. GGr. Pursh, 1. p. 304.

Buoi perennial. Leovrs radical, petiolate, 2 lobed, nearly round,
folding; up, arme<l alorj;;ij the margin of the upper surface with .'> or 4
sli Tt spines Fetit}le>i winged as in the orange leaf), rather lon;;er
than the le;if, and without a fringe, ■'^'cape a span long, erect. To-
ry"i6 termi ;il. Peduncle^ »'uup\c Flairi'rs wWiic. /V/n/s streaked.

Thelcaf of this plant posse>hes much irritabilitv»so that when an in-
sect falls or aligltts on its upper surlace. it closes, entanglinir the in-
sec t \*ith its spines and fringe. an<l detainin;; it as long as it con-
tinues to ^truji;Ie. W hen the inject becomes quiet the leaf graduallj
unfolds. Ijinii. Inc. tit.

Grows in turfy or sandy bogs, and is very abundant around Wil-
wiu'/ton, North-t^arolina. but appears to l)e conliried in its haltitat.

To General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, who amirlst the avoca-
ti'Mis of a Inri;; life actively and honoraljly devoted to the seivice of
his co'intry, has jiaid muc!> attention to its botany, I am indei)ted for
the oiilv locality ol tlii*. [dant in this >tate with which I am ac<{uaint>
ed. He informs me ttiat it grows |)lentifully on tlie margins o( ti c
creeks runnintr inti» the Sautee river fi-o;a the south, liet'Aeen Lvncli's
Fer' V and the sea : particularly at t'<dli:i'''* &. Bowman^A biidges.

W lifer also considered it as a native of tliis atate.

Flowers April — May.

480.

DEGANDRIA MONOGYNlA,

JUSSIEUA. Gen. pl. 741.

Cuhix 4 — 5'partitus,
superus. Petala -l — 5.
Capsula 4 — 5-loca!aTis,
oblonga, aiigiilis deliis-

Calijx I — 5 parted, i^iu
pcrior. Petals 4^ — 3. Cap^
side 4 — 5 celled, oblong,
opening at the angles,
crowned wi\h the calyx.
Seeds nuincrous. minute.

Creepnig ; stem erect
and asce ndhig ; leaves
lanceolate, enlire, with
the peduncles and calyX
villous ; llowers decan-
drous.

cens, calycc corOjUata.
Semina numerosa, niinu-
ta.

1. Grand iFLOiiA. Mich.

J. repens ; caule erec-
to ascendentique ; ibliis
lanceolatis, integerrimis,
pedunculis calycibiisque
villosis ; florihus decan-
dris. Mich. 1. p. 267.

Pursh, 1. p. 504.

Root perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, a little branched, swollen at
intervals, when youn^; very villous. Lfcives sessile, acute, very vil-
lous on the under surface, the base of the old elongated. Flowers
solitary, axillary, on peduncles 1 — 2 inches long, which before and
after flowering are cernuous. Calt/x 5 parted, segments very acute.
Corollu 5 petalled ; petals obovate, yellow, about an inch long. 4Bi7a-
mens 10, unequal, much shorter than the corolla. Filavients inserted
into the summit of the ger;n, with glands interposed between them.
Germ inferior, 5 angled. Style clavate. Stigma capitate, depressed
in the centre.

Like many creeping plants, this species of Jussieua appears to
ripen its seeds rarely. I have never been able to iiud a mature cap-
sule.

Grows in bogs and ditches. Common around Savannah. In ponds
4 miles from Charleston.

Flowers J\lay-

-August.

KALMIA. Gen. pl. 743.

Calyx S-partitus. Co-
rolla liypocrateriformis,
limbo subtus 5-corni, in
quorum foveis antherse

Calyx 5 parted. Corol-
la hypocrateritbrm, with
the l3order underneath 5-
horncdj in the hollow of

DECAKDRIA MeNOOYWiA*

mis

incumbunt. Capsuiu 5- \ which tlic anthers res^
iocuhnis. j Capsule 5 celled.

1. LxTlFOLlA.

K. tbiiis loni!;c ]ictiol;i-
tis. sparsis. (criiisqiic, o-
valihiis, coriiiccis, utriFi
quo h''viu:atis ; corymlns
tei ininahlms, visiido-pu-
bi'sctiilibiis. Mich. i. p.
258.

Sp. pi 2. p. noo. Walt. p. 138

I.eaves on lono^ foot-
stalks, scattered and hy
threes, oval, coriaceous,
sn'ootli

on each side ;
corvnil)s terminal, viscid
and pubescent.

Pursh. 1 p. 296.

A slinib 4 — 12 It'ot liiy;h. witli brandies very crooked arul iiTC2ll!ar,.
Leaves perennial, ;.'li)ssy. entire, tifarlv (»t" the same colour on each
•siirtare. Fl(fner!> in lau;e ttriiiinal cor\n»bs. Corolla »<uu)(-\vliat
cup shaped, with 10 aniiles oi pi ominences (5 of which are larger
than tljf i»'st) on tlie under side, of a heaufilul rose c(»lour, marbled
and \ar*rei:ated witli deeper aii<i lij;hter tints ><tann:n» much shorter
than the corolla. Girm superior

This is probably the most ornamental sbrub in the forests of North*
America, its toljage is handsome an<l perennial, and its flowers,
vhirh a -e produced in great profusion, are no Icsh elejant in their
form than beautiful in their colour. They possess however no fra-
grance, and the leave* are said to be deleterious to animals.

Grows (»n the sides ol hills and alon^ the rocky margins of rivulets.
Common in the upper country, not found in the lower, although it
descends aloni^ the mar^^ins of the lar:;e rivers to witldn 30 or 4t>
tniles of the ocean. Sisters Ferry, on Savannah river.

Flowers April. Ivy bush — Calico bufh orjlower.

The leaves are generally supposed to be poisonous. According tfl
Barton they are often used in Pennsylvania as a remedy for itch
and otlier cutaneous diseases. A doct)ction of the leaves is used
as a wash, or the powdered leaves maj be mixed with hog's lard an4
a|)plied as an ointment.

2. ANGUSTirOLIA.

K. foliis ternis, prtio- [ Leaves by threes, pe-
latis, oblonj2;is, obtusi^, | tioiate, objoiii];, obtuse^
subtussabfcrru?;ineis; CO- I sh^hlly ferniiijinous uii-
ryinbis laleralibus; brae. 1 derneaih ; corymbs lata-
tcis linearibus; peduncu- j ral ; l)racteas linear; pe-
jis calvcibusque glandu- | duncles and calyx cov.-

»3

4S2

DECANDRIA MONOGYNTA.

loso.pubescentlbus. ered with a glandular pu-

Pursh, 1. p. :^96. bescence.

Sp. pi. 2. p. GOl. Mich. 1 p. 257.

A shrub, ge erally about 2 feet high, with creeping roots. Leaves
entire, elliptical, sometimes glaucous. Flowers in small lateral co-
rymbs. Corolla smaller than that of the preceding species, of a deep
rose colour.

This is also a very ornamental plant, and merits a place in every
gar !en.

Flowers April — May.

3. CUNEATA.

K. foliis sparsis, sessi-
libus, cuneato-ohlongis,
subtus pubescentibiis, a-
pice niinutim anstatis ;
corymbis lateralibus.pau-
cifloris. Mich. i. p. 257.

Leaves scattered, sessile,
wedge shaped, ol)long, pu-
bescent underneath, at the
summit slightly awned ;
cory nibs lateral, lew flow-
ered.

Pursh, 1. p. 296.

Nearly resembling the K. angustifolia, but very distinct. Flowers
white, red near the bottom. Mich.

Grows on the head branches ot Black river, Georgetown district,
South-Carolina?

Flowers

4. HiBSUTA. Walt.

K. ramis, loliis, calyci-
busque hirsutis ; foliis op
posius alternisque, sub
sessilibnsjanceolatis; pe-
dunculis axillaribus, soh-
tariis, unifloris, loliis lon-
gioribus. iViich. i. p. 257.

Walt. p. 138. Pursh, 1. p. 295.

A small shrub, 10 — 18 inches high, branching, very hairy. Leaves
small, lanceolate, acu?p, siiining but hairy t towers solitarv, on pe-
duncles nearly an inch long. Corolla nearly the size of that of the
K. angustifolia, lose coloured.

This little shrub grows in great abundance in wet, sandy pine bar-
rens. The flowers are handsome, but as they are solitary, the plant
is not -SO ornam-ntal as its congeners.

^'lowers May— SepterBber. ticke^

Branches, leaves and
calyx hairy ; leaves op-
posite and alternate, near-
ly sessile, lanceolate ; pe-
duncles axiliary, solitary,
1 flowered, longer than
the leaves.

DE(:\NDUIA MONOGYNIA.

488

A'. an;^usl ifnlia ami liirsutn — Tlio leave* <»f tliesc specie* are often
u-iptl In m'.:ri»i'8 anil llu' poorer white people of tfiitt s>latc as a cure
for itch ami tlie maii'^«' of «lo;;s. A strong ducoctiori is pr«'pare<l and
ap;>li(-(l warm to tfiu eniptiooi; the ovjst severe smarting follows tlie
application, but it is so elficient th.it its repetition is seldom necessa-
ry. It niay l»c ol»serve«l that tiie leaves id" the Andromeda nitida are
supposed to bcc([ually elFicaciuud and stimulating.

LEIOPIIYLLUM. Pcrs. Syn. pi. 477.

Cdlff.v proliindc 5 -par- | Caljf.v deeply 5 partcfl.
titus. l\'lul(i 5. Stdini- \ Petals'^. ^^///z^;/s exser-
7?rt exserta. ("(jpsnla j lo- | ted. Ctip^ulc 5 celled,
cularis, apicc dchiscens. | opening at the summit.

Ledum buxifoliiim, Sp, pi. 2. p. 002. Mich. 1. p. 260.
Ammyrsine busitolia, Pursli, 1. p. 301.

A small shrub G — 18 inches hi:;h, branchine:. glabrous. Leaves
small, oval lanceolate, entire, yjlabrous, lucid, with the marsjins revo»
lute. fYoztvrs in small terminal cor) mbs. CV(/y.f persistent. Corol-
la, white.

Tl.is plant has until lately been attached to the irenu» Ledum : it
dilVers however in its calvK, corolla and capsule. I liave preferreil tlie
lume oriyiinallv proposcti for it by Pcr-oon to the one employed by
Pursh : as we have in botany an Arnnii and a ^lyrsine ab>'ady.

Gro\\s on the mountains iu (ircenvjlic duti'ict, Soutii-Carulina. Mi\
Moulins.

Flowers May — June.

KIIODODKXDUOX. Gcm. pl. 740.

Calyx i5-j)artitiis. Vn.
rofla su!)-iiitiiiKlil)idiror-
niis. innequalis. Stdin'nin
deeliiiata. Capsida .5.I0-
cularis

1. Maximum.

R. arl)orescens ; foli'H
oblonj^is, acnti"?. siihtus
disc()l<>iil)iis;innl)eHister-
minulibub 5 udycis laciniis

Cah/v 5 -parted. Co.
rolla somewfiat funnel
sliaperl, unequal. Stu^
7fif'/is declined. Capsule
.5 celled.

Arl)orcscent ; leaves
ol)l<»Fiir, acute, with the
under surface of a 'lilfr-
cnt colour ; umbels ter-

484 BECANDPTA MONOGYNTA.

ovalilms, obtusis ; coi ol- | minal ; segments of thtj-
lis cajiipanulatis. Pursh, j calyx oval, obtuse; corol^
1. p. ^97. I la canipanulate.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 606. Mich. 1. p. 259.

A shrub of the largest size, from 4- 20 feet high Leaves large^
■fliirk, rori3,€o«s, perennial, entire, wliitisii or ferruginous on the uii->
der surf.'ce. Flowers in a compact, c(»ne-like raceme, covered uhea
young with large, ovate, acuminate, ferruginous bracteas. Condltt
large, of an irregular funn«l shape. ^itamen» declini»ig to one sid^^
longer than the corolla. Gfrm superior. ■%yle as long as the sta*
mens.

Pursh describes three varieties of this beautiful shrub.
Var. a. roseam ; with the corroUa of S pale rose colour; the segments
nearly round ; leaves obtuse at base.
A. albuvi ; with the corolla smaller, white; segments oblong j

leaves acute at base.
c. putpureum ; with the f orolla purple ; segments oblong ; leave»
obtuse at base, green on each surface. 'I'his last variety
grows to a large size, sometimes is found with a stem 19
inches in diameter.
This l)eautiful shrub grows in great profusion oh the margins of
"iiouiitain streams and lakes. It not only is not found in the low
country, but has never been reared to my knowledge in gaidens It-
appears to require cool and perennial streams for its nourishment an4
support.

Flowers June — July. Mountain laurel.

Its leaves are destructive to animals when forced by the severi^'
of the winter to browse on them.

g. PlJNCTATUM.

R. foliis ovali-lanceo- | Leaves oval lanceolate^
latis, glabris, subtus resi- | glabrous, with resinous
noso-punctatis ; umbellis | dots underneath ; umbels
terniinalibus ; coiollisin- | terminal; corolla funnel
fundibuliformibus ; capsu- | shaped -, capsules long.
lis elongatis. |

Sp. pi. 2 p. 607. Pursh, 1. p. 298.
Rhododendron minus, Mich. 1. p. 258.

A shrub 4--6 feet high, with straggling branche . Leaves oblongj
SDmetimes acuminate, ferruginous underneath Flowers in compiic^t,
terminal racemes. Fedicels short. Teeth of the calyx very short.
Corolla pale red ; se^nietits oval or ovate, a little undulate, smaller
than those of the preceding species.

Grows abundantly on the Ijcad waters of the long rivers of Caroling
land Georgia, pa/ticularly oa the 'fugolqo briUlCheg of the feavawia^

Flo were June.— J a ly.

DECANDUTA MONOGYNlAi

485

8. CVTAUIIIKSSE. iMirll.

R. I'oliis hri'vi.ovalihiis. | T.cavc"^ sliort. oval,

^trin |U«' rotiiiidatDohtii- | rDund ami obtuse at cacli
sis:uinl)rHi.stcniiipaIil)us 1 cri'l ; uinhels terminal;
calycis Idciniis anijiisto- | s<'«»;inenls of tlie calvx
ol)loii!2;is;coiollis( ampan- | naiiow ohjong ; corolla
ulatis. Midi. i. p. :IjH. | caiiipaiuilatc.

Pursli, 1. p. 298.

A sliriib r> — 4 feet l>i{»h. Leaves glabrous, of ;i paler colour on the
finder surfaco. Flowers briu;lit icd.

(Jrows on ilie summits of tlie liiijhest moiinfiiins — not along th©
Streams, whore the other species delight to dwell.

Flowers

In the specific characters I have regained the term umbel, the flon*
its howeter arc certainly in compact, coiie-likc racemes.

ANDROMEDA.

Calf/x 5-partiliis. Co-
rnlhi o\ata. oic quinque.
fido. Capsnia Mipera, 5-.
loeulaiis, valvulis disse-
piinento coiitrariis.

* fohis srwpemreiitihus.
1. Calyculata
A. foliis ovalihus, sqiia-

GhN. PL. 747.

Ciihfx 5 j)arted. CovoU
la oxate, N\ith the inoudi
5 cleft. Viipsule superi-
or, 5 cellefl. with the dis-
sepiment in the middle
of the valves.

* Leaves pei'emiial.

Leaves oval, with sca-
nioso-punctatis, ol)S()lete | ly dots, ohsoletely serru-
serrulatis ; biacteis binis, | late ; hracteas two, ovjite;
o\atis ; racemis ternti- | racemes terminal, leafy,
nalihus, foliosis, seeun- secund ; peduncles soli-
di^ ; pedunculis solitariis, | tary, axillary.
axlllaril)us. |

Sp. pi. 2 p. 614. Mich. 1. p. 154. Fursh, 1. p. 291.

A shrub 1 — 5 feet hii;h. leaves coriaceous, obtu»e, raucronatCf
ferruginous undrrneath sometimes cuueate at base Prdunclet a»
bout i! lines long;. Segments of the calyx acute. Dracteas 2, uvatCf
acuminate at the base of the calvx. Corolla cylindrical, wiiitt. 6'{(9
mens incluJed. »inthers unawmiJ.

(•rows on the Saluda mountains. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers April— Maj—occasiouAllj through tkc samraei^f

486

DECAISDRIA MONOGYNIA.

g. Angus riFOT-i\. Piirsh.

Leaves linear lanceo-
late, acute, with scaly
dots ; bracteas 3, minute,
acute; racemes tcrnunal,
leafy, secund ; pedmicles
solitaiy, axillary.

A. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis, acutis, squamoso-
punctatis ; bracteis binis,
minutis, acutis ; racemis
terminalibus, foliosis, se-
cundis ; pedunculis soli-
tariis, axillaribus. Pursli,
1. p. 2^dt.

Andromeda calyculata, v<ir. c. angustifolia, Sp.pl. 2. p. 614.

Leaves slii>,htly fei rugiiinua underneath, with tlie margins revolufe.
Segments oiihecatyx acuminate. Corolla oblong, oval. Pursh.

Tills plant has been formed by Pursh from one of the varieties of
the A. calyculata, it appears however scarcely to have character
enough for a distinct species.

Grows in open swamps. Carolina and Georgia. Pursh.

Flowers April— May.

Very glabrous; branches
flexuous, 3 aiigled ; It-avcs
ovul, acuminate, entire, 3
nerved ; peduncles rkis-
tered, i flowered, axilla-
ry ; coralia cylindrical ;
anthers at base ^ horned.

3. NiTiDA. Walt.

A. g;!a!)erri!Tia, ramis
flexuosis, triquetris ; fb-
liis ovalibus, acuminatis,
integerrimis, tiinervibus ;
pedunculis flisciculatis, u-
nifloris, axillaribus ; co-
roUis c> lindricis : anthe-
ris basi bicorniculatis. E.

Walt. p. 137. y\d\. 1. p. 252. Pursh, 1. p. 292.
A. coriacea, Sp. pi. 2. p. 613.

A shrub 3 — 6 feet high. Root creeping. Stem angled, branching;
braHches virgate, 3 ani^led. Leaves on very short petioles, coriaceous,
the margins revolute, bonlered by the nerves and dotted underneath.
Flowers^ — 10 in each axil, cernuous. Calyx purple; segments a-
cute. Corolla much longer tlian the calyx, white, tinged with pink.

The flowers of this plant have a very strong and almost disagreea-
ble smell of honey. From tlie number of flowers of each axil tiie vig-
orous branches exhibit the appearance of compact racemes.

Grows in springy, sandy swamps and galls ; considered as indi-
cating what is generally called sour land, but is also found in the
richest swamps.

l^lowers March— April. Mal^ whortleberry — Jirhored — ISouv

WQod-^Sorrd tree.

DRCANDRIA MONOCYNIA.

187

The leaves nre a::toeably aci<l. In aufumn, two weeks previousir to
«lropniii^. tlii'v b«*c»)ine l)ri^lit KcarK'', and form a conspicuous object
in iiif'iiinal forest sccnerv Tiie uprirht yoinajer branches are very
striij: t. and when deprived of tlieir pith niaku good pipe stenid. Th«
bark, with copperas, forms a purple dvu.

1. HiKiMnoin \i.is.

A. rainis lloriloris tri-

qiK'lris ; Ibliis rhomhoi I-

alil)us lanccolatisqii(\ m-

tegcnimis, carlilagirieis,

glabris, glanilula ternii-

natis : pcduiiculis au;ii;i c-

galis, axillaiibiis. Tcrs.

1 . p. 48 1 .

Grows in Carolina and Florida.
Flowers

Flower hcarinj"; branches
3 ari'Jik'd ; leaves rhom-
f)()i(lal and lanceolate, en-
tire, carlilai^-inoiis, gla-
l)r()iis, tcrnjinated by a
gland ; peduncles clus-
tered, axillarv.

5. AXITXARIS.

A. foliis ovali-lancco-
\\<. acuminatis, coriaceis,
lucidis.s|)innlosn-serratis ;
laceniis a\illaril)ii^, con-
fcriifloiis ; coroHis oblon-
go-ovalis ; antheris sum-
mitate bicorniculalis. K.

Leaves oval lanceolate,
acinnirrate, coriaceous, lu-
cid, with .spin\ serratures ;
racemes axillary, closely
Howered ; corolla oblong
ovate ; anthers at the sum-
mit 3 horned.

Sp.pl. -Z. p G13. Mich. l.p. 233.
A. C'ate-bivi, Walt. p.
A. spinulosa, I'ursh, l.p. 298.
A. axillaris .-' Pursh, I. p. i07.

A shrub -2 — \ feet hij;h. Jloot creepin;^. filem flexuous, terete,
sparinirlv branched ; the Ijranche** vitiate, when youirj; pubescent.
J^ftvps ilecp jjreen on the upper surface, paler undeiiieatli aii<l sprink-
led with hair.>»,^he serratures acute and ri;;id. Itctremes 2 — 3 inches
lonj;. sometimes paniculate, nracteas 1 small, pubescent, ;^rcenisli
leaf at the b.i->e <if each peduncle ; 2 "glabrous, white, at the base of the
calvx: all ovate acute. Cafy.i' very »uinll, wliite. Corolla white*.
Htampns srarcelv one third the length of the corolla. iSti/le. longer
than the stamens.

'I'he pl3?tt I have described (the A. spinulosa of Pursh), is exten-
srrclv diflused over ti.e low coutiti j of Carolina and Georjjia, though
by no means s« ceinmon as tlie preceding species. The niouatam

488

DECANDRTA MONOGYN£A,

variety (the A. axillaris of Pursh) has never appeared to me to be Siiffi»:<
cientlv distinct to form another species. It is distiiiguifched principal-
ly, if not altogether, by more compact racemes and narrower leaves,
"* Grows on the mari^ins of swamps.
Flowers February — April — sometimes in November.

6 Acuminata.

A. glaheirima ; foliis o-
Tato-ianceolatis, superne
angustatis acuniiiiatis-
que, subintegerriniis, co-
riaceis, reticulatis ; race-
mis axillaribus ; corollis
cylindraceis ; tintheris
muticis, postice glbbis.

Very glabrous ; leaveg:
ovate lanceolate, tapering
towards ttic suniniii and
acuminate, nearly entire,
coriaceous, reticulate ;
racen^es axillary ; corol-
la cylindrical ; anthers
unawned, gibbous near^
the base,

Sp. pi. 2. p. 613. Pursh, 1. p. 293.
A. reticulata, Walt, p

— laurina, Mich. 1. p. 253.

— formosissima, Bartram.

A handsome slirub, 3 — 10 or 12 feet high. Stem erect, branches
very straight and hollow. Leaves sometimes slightly serrate. /^«-
cemes short, sometimes compound. Flowers white, nodding.

Grows along the margins of swamps. Rare in the low country of
Caiolina. Near Black Swamp, on tiie road from Coosawhatchie to
the Sisters Ferry is the only place at which I have seen it near the
sea coast. More common in Florida.

Flowers April ?

7. Floribunda. Pursh.

A glaberrima ; foliis
oblongo-ovatis, acutis, te-
nuissinie serrulatis, cori-
aceis ; racemis secundis,
axillaribus paniculato-ler-
minalibusque Pursh, i.
p. 293.
* Leaves sometimes slightly ciliate

Very glabrous ; leaves
oblong ovate, acute, slight-
ly serrulate, coriaceous;
racemes secund, axillary
and forming terminal
panicles.

Flowers white, with 2 bracteas

at the base of the calyx.

This species, which I have not seen, appears to be very closely al-
lied to thf preceding.

Collected amon^ the mountains of Georgia, by Mr. Lyont

Flowers May— June.

DECAKDUIA MONOGYNIA.

48Q

8. Ferruginea.

A. fi*utic(»8a ; loliis co-
1 iacois, (listar)til)ns, loii^o-
pi'tioliilis. ol)()valis, pic
: iifiiqiu* obtusis, iriti'^cni-
Jiiis, sul)tus squumoso la
riiiosis, rcticulato- vciio-

Shrul)bv ; leaves cori.
acconfs, distant, on l(>nf§
petioles, obovatc, gene-
rally ol)tuse, entire, with
(lusl-!ikc scales, and vei.
\\y undeint^ath ; |)edieels

sis; pedicel lis ai:;i!;regati:s, | a^,i2;rtgatc, one llowerrd,

axillary ; corolla globose ;
nntbers unawned.

iinilloris, axillaribus ; co-
rollis 2;loI)osis ; anlberi^
inuticis. Pinsb, i. p. 2[i^,

Sp. |.l. 2. p. C()9. ^^ alt. |). \r,S. Mich. 1. p. 252. var. b fiuticosa.
A slirub 3-5 feet hiu;h ; branches somewhat llexuous, very entire,

jicnerallv ttat, with the margins revniute Pfdicpla simplr. Flowers
small, u;fob()se, wl *
vten$ included.

ihitc on the inside, terrtiginous on the outside, tita*

Grows in sandy pine barrens.
Flowers June. Mich.

9. RrciiDA. Pursh.

A. arboresccns ; foliis
cont'ertis, brevi-petiolatis,
cuneato-lanccolaiis, acu-
tis, sut)tus squani')so-to-
nientosis, sul)avenii!s ; pe-
diccllis a2;j;regatls, axilla-
ribus, unilloris ; corollis
subglobosis ; antliei is niu-
Ikis. rursli, 1. p. ::\)z.

cd.

Andromeila fcrruginca, vav. a. Mich. 1. p. 252.

A small trcf 15 — "20 t'-et lii^h ; branches rigid. Leaves ris;Id, en»
tire, convex, with the marijins revolute. Pedicels simple, very nurae*
r»us. Flouers small, globose, ferruginous, i"fnmf«5 included.

The>c two species arc nearlv allied In bnth, the }<»uiig sliHots are
ot" a bright ferrui^inous colour, thuu^^h on«> with age bccoHien ;;rev un-
derneath. Thetlillerent periods of lloweiing, as they were detei mined
}>y Michaux frduj cultivation, mark a ilillVrcnt c of habit ; jet in Hie
woods this difffrence is not obvious, but there appears to be a coii*
:stant succession of flowers from Aprd to June.

Grows in sandy pine barrens. In the southern parts ofGeur|{i«
.ind Florida tne largest specimens are to be found.

Flowers June. Mich.

Arborescent ; leaves
crowded, on short peti-
oles, lanceolate, acute at
eacU end, scaly and
toinentose underneath,
without veins ; pedicels
ajigregate, axillary, one
llvjwered ; corolla nearly
globose ; an hers unawn*

400^

©ECANDRIA MONOGYNIA-

** Foliis deciduis.

40- LlGUSTRlNA.

A. pubescens ; foliis
obovato-lanceolatis, acu-
Biinatis, tenuissime ser-
i-ulatis ; raniis floriferis
ten hinalibus, paniculatis,
nudiusculis : corollis sub-

globosis
cis.

antheris muti-

** Leaves deciduous.

Pubescent ; leaves
obovate lanceolate, acu-
minate, very finely ser-
rulate ; flower bearing
bnnches terminal, pani-
culate, naked ; corolla
nearly e;lobose ; anthei^-
unawned.

Mich. 1. p. 254. var.

Andromeda paniculata, Pursh, 1. p. 295.
a. nudiflora.
Vaccinium ligustrinum, Linn.

A shrub, varying in height from S— 15 feet; branches straggling
and irreo^ular. Leaves nearly sessile, so finely serrulate as sometimes
to appear entire Panicle^ terminal, with 1 or 2 small leaves occa-
sionally near the base of the branches. Peduncles clustered at each
hud (3— 6), short, naked, 1 flowered. Corolla small, white, pubescent.

To the accurate and extensive researches of Dr. Muhlenberg, Ameri-^
can botanists are indebted for the real history of this plant, it ap-
pears to have been the original Vaccinium ligustrinum of Linnfeus j
it certainly agrees with the Linna^an description of that plant as far
as it extends. Modern botanists have viewed it as the Andromeda
paniculata of Linnueus, but whoever attends to the description of tliat
plant, in the early editions of the Species Plantarum, will readily per-
ceive that its great author must have had a very different one in view.

The A. racemosa, Walt. p. 138, probably belongs to this species.

Grows in swamps, galls, and generally in damp soils.

Flowers May — June.

11. FiioNDOSA. Muhl. Cat.

A. pubescens ; foliis o-
bovato-lanceolatis, acutis,
serrulatis,toinentosis; ra-
mis floriferis paniculatis,
foliosis ; corollis globosis ;
antheris aristatis. Pursh,

Pubescent; leaves obo-
vate lanceolate, acute, ser-
rulate, tomentose ; flower
bearing branches panicu-
late, leafy ; corolla glo-
bose ; anthers awned.

1. p. S9.3.

Andromeda paniculata, var. b. foliosiflora, Mich. 1. p. 254.

' A shrub, S — 5 feet high. Leaves nearly sessile, generally acute>*
iometimes acuminate^ tomentose on both surfaces, /lowers fie^iient-'

BBCAKDRIA MONOeVNlA.

491

Ij In 0)mpact, ryliiulriial panicles \l — 18 inches long. Pedicein
thoit,sinij)lc,a^:iroeat mI ('2 — j ateacli bud.) Comlla whitish, hairv.

CirouH in damp, cold soils. Conimuii in Chatham cuuntj, Georgia.

Flowers Mav — June.

Th()ii;;h placed in this division, thf tw(» prerediiij; species jjenerah»
Tv, in the southern states, retain their foliaee throuj^h the winter,
I*or the description of tlicir anthers I have relied on Purab.

Racemes secuiid. naked,
panicled ; corolla nearly
cylindrical ; leaves alter-
nate, ohlong, crenulate j
anthers awncd.

iptu
12. PANirULATA.

A. racemis sccundis,
ntidis, piinicidatis; corol-
lis siibcylindiiris ; tbiiis
alteniis, ol)londs. crenu-
latis : anilieris aristati;?.
Sp pi. ed. p. 964.

This is the description of the original A. paniculata of Linnx-usj
which I have inserted, althou>;h considered as a V'ir;;inian plant, for
the purpose of pointing; out the obscurity that still hangs over thig
genus. Willdenow. in his celebraterl eilitiun of tins work, has cer-
tainly, on tlie authority of the Hort. K.ewensis, substituted some oth.cr
fdant, I should suppose the modern A, paniculata, if the leaves of the
atter were ever ovate. Yet the fi;^ure of Plukenet and the Herbariuiu
Linnciit; ou^ht, where they arc accessible, to remove ail doubt.
Grows in Virgrinia.

13. Arbouea.

A. foliis oblon^o-ovali-

bus, acundnatis, arcjiitc

serrulatis, glabris ; pani-

culis terniinalibus, i)oly-

stachyis ; corollis ovato-

oblon^is, pubescenlibus ;

antheris mulicis. Mich.

1. p. 255.

Sn. pi. 2. p. G12. Walt. p. 138.
Mich, arbres forestieres.

A tree, which in tlic vallies of the mountains attains a height of 5Q
or 60 feet, but rarely exceeds 13 or 20 feet in the niiddlo countrj.
Leaves lonj;, sharply acuminate, shininu;, on petioles nearly an inch
loni;. Floicers in larj^c, terminal panicles, coniposed of many simple
becund, naked racemes Corolla white. Anthers linear.

Grows along the margins of strea'us and in swamps. Fonrdas loy
down as St. Johns, Santcc, \\ithia 10 milor) of die ecc^n-

FioTfcrs June— July.

Leaves oblont^ oval,
acuminate, sharply ser-
rate, g;labrous ; panicles
terminal, many sj)iked ;
corolla ovate oblong, pu-
bescent ; anthers uiiawn?
ed.

Pursh, 1. p. 29J.

498 decandria monogynia.

14. Racemosa.

A. foliis lanceolatis, a | Leaves lanceolate, a-
cutis, seiTulatis, supra gla. | cute, serrulate, glabrous
bris, subtus pubescenti- | on the upper, pubescent
bus ; raceniis terminali- | on the under surface ; ra-
bus, secunciis, siinplicibus | cenies terminal, secund,
raniosisve ; corollis ob- j simple or branched ; co-
longo-ovatis ; antheris | rolla oblong ovate ; an-
quadriaristatis j tliers 4 awned.

Mich. 1 p. 255. Push, 1. p. 294.
A. paniculata, Walt. p. 138.
A. Catesbcti, Sp. pi. 2. p.

A shrub 3— 5 feet high ; branches straggHng*, not numerous. Leaves
Sometimes slijihtly acuminate, membranaceous. Hacevies 2 — 6 inches
lon>r, frequently divided near the base. Flotvers not strictly secund,
but all turn towards the earth. Bracteas, one linear lanceolate at the
base of each peduncle, tw© cordate, ovate, acuminate, ciliate, persis-
tent, at the base of the calyx. Calyx purple, ciliate ; the segments
acute. CuroUa white, furrowed. /Stamena half the length of the co-
rolla, 2 lobed, each iobe at the summit 2 awned, opening through the
terminal pores.

The above description applies to the A racemosa of Michaux, Pursh,
and most modern botanists. On turning to the old editions of tl>e
Specie* Plantarum it will ap|»ear however very doubtful whether this
plant is the original A. racemosa of Linnteus. The contrast he has
drawn between that species and the A. arborea appears very unneces-
sary when the two plants have scarcely any resemblance, and his
fourth enumerated difference, if applied to tliis plant, is incorrect.
Willdenow appears to have been aware of this difficulty, and has made
of this plant his A. Catesbfei, 1 aving his own A. racemosa a doubtful
species. As if however the subject was not sufficiently confused, he
has quoted as a synonyme of his Cat»'-brei tl^e A. Catesbsei of Walter,
W ich ri.ally belongs to the \. axillaris. A conjecture on this sub-
ject is all we can offer. The terminal racemes of the A. racemosa
of Michaux and of modern botanists, are naked, secund, and some-
times branched. In a luxuriant state it has probably been sent to
Xinnseus. and formed his A paniculata. His description applies to
that plant, and his reference to Catesby, vol 2 fig. 43, which has
bten supposed an inadvertent error, corroborates tl:is sui^getion. His
A. ractmosa must have borne some lesemblance to the A. arboiea, and
is probably some plant lotyet well understood.

Griws arou id por:ds. and in galls and ditches*

Flowers March — May,

DRCANDRIA BIONOGYNIA.

49i

Leaves oval, obtuse,
miicroriatc, crrnate, reti-
culate ; raeeiiies naked,
asji;rci:;ate ; corolla cam-

15. Speciosa.

A Inliis ovaliluis, oh- |

tiisis. miioronatis. crcna- j

tis, leticiilatis ; raeemis j

(loimdalis. asj^t'csiaiis ; co- j

rollis cami)aiiulatis ; an- | paniilate ; anthers 4> awn-

tlieris quadriaristalis. — j cd.

JN.Mcli. 1. p. ^36. I

Pursh, 1. p. 294.

A slirub 3 — I feet hij^h, brancliin2;, glabrous. Leaves on short pe-
tioles, crenat* or serrate, finely reticulate. Flowers in naked, termi-
nal racemes. Vurnlla white.

Var. u. nitida ; with leaves oblong obovate, serrate, gr'jen on each
surface.
h. puverulenta ; with leaves more round, crenate, and coated^
as well as th ■ \oun<i branciies. with a white du^t.
Grows in bogs and bay galls. Common in Georgetown district.
Dr. Mac bride.
Flowers

16. Mariana.

A. foliis lato-lanceola-
lis, acutis, intc2;cn'inii-,
coriaceis ; ramis iloiaU
il)iis suhaphvllis ; pcdiccl-
lis aggregatis ; corollis oh-
loiigo-ovatis; antlicriji nui-
ticis.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 609. Walt. p. 187.

Leaves broad lanceo-
late, acute, entire, coriace-
ous ; dowering l)rancbes
nearly naked ; pedicels
aga;reg.ite ; corolla ovate;
anthers unawned.

Mich. 1. p. 25G. Pursh, 1. p. 294.

A small shrub, 2 — 3 feet high, sparingly branclied. Ijeavea with
the m:ir;;ins revdlute, t'requentlr if nt»t always sprinkled on the under
surface vrith black, dots. Flowers in clusters at and near the summit
of the old branches. Peduncles about an inch long, one flowered.
Curolla white, sometimes tinned with red. Filaments hairv at base.
i'lrpsule wvate, truncate, with the margins of the valves ribbed .►* and
nearly white.

The corolla is larger in this species than in any of the preceding*
and the plant, when haadsomely formed, is omamenlal.

Grows in d'y, sand\ soils.

Flowers May — August.

49^

UEGANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

VACCINIUM. Gen. pl. 658.

Calyx siiperus. Corol- I
la urceolata aut cam pan- j
ulata, 4 — 5 fida. Filamni- \
ta 2;ernnni inserta Bac- \
ca iiitera, \ — 5 loculaiis, |
polysperma. |

I

* Foliis perennantibus, \

1. Myrsini I Es. IMich.

V. erectum ; foliis par-
vulis sessiiil3us, ovatis,
mu. ronatis, serrulatis, su-
pra lucidis, siibtus puncta-
tis ; racemis abhreviatis,
bracteatis, axillaribiis ter-
niinalibusque ; corollis ur-
ceolatis.

Mich. 1. p. 233. Pursh, 1. p. 290.

A small shrub, 1 — 2 feet hiaih, erect, branching ; the young branches
pubescent Leaves with glandular punctures on the under surface,
pubescent when young. Calyx 5 parted ; segments acute, red. Corolla
oblong, pale purple, whitening with a^e. Stamens 10. Berries bluck.^

Grows in sandy pine barrens. In tieorgia very common.

Flowers March — April.

Calyx superior. Corol-
la urceolate or campaii-
ulate, 4 — 5 cleft. Fila-
ments inserted on the
gerin. Berry inferior.
4 — 5 celled, many seed-
ed.

* Leaves perenniaL

Erect ; leaves small,
sessile, ovate, mucronate,
serrulate, lucid on the up-
per, dotted on the under
surface ; racemes short,
bracteatc, axillary and ter-
minal ; corolla urceolate.

2. NiTlDUM.

V. erectum ; ramis dis- |
tichis ; foliis nitidis, obo-
vato-ellipticis, utrinque |
acutis, glabris, seri'atis ;
racemis terminalibus, co-
rymbosis, bracteatis, nu-
taiitibus ; corollis cylin-
diaceis

Bot. reposit. No. 480. Pursh,
Flowes pale red. Very nearly
Grows in Carolina. Pursli.
Flowers

Erect ; branches dis-
tichous ; leaves nitid, o-
bovate elliptic, acute at
each end, glabrous, ser-
rate ; racemes terminal,
corymbose, bracteate,
nodding ; coioUa cylin-
drical.

l.p 289.

allied to the preceding species.

DKCANDRIA MONOC.YNIA.

495

8. Cb^ssifolium.

V. dirtusuin ; rainis ad-
scciuleiililms ; foliis ob-
l()ni!:o-lanceolalis, utiin
que acutis, scrratis, rie;!-
flis, p;lal)ris ; raceinis tcr-
minalihus, corymhosis ;
comllis campaiiulatis,
profundc 5-dentatis.

Bot. Repos. No. 105. Purs <,

Diflusc ; branches as-
cendiiii; : leaves oMong
lanceolate, acute at eacli
end, senate, rii^id, sca-
brous ; racemes teriniu;d,
corymbose ; corolla cam-
panulalc, deeply 5 part-
ed.

1. J). 289.

Racemes few flowered, bracteate. Flowers nnddinji;. Calyx an-*
pressed. Corolla expanding, pale red ; (he sef^ments acute. I'msli.

The two prccedinn; species have been adopted bv Pursh from fhe
Botanical Rc[)ositorv They have pmbablv in this country been in-
tcrminj^led awd confounded with the V. myreinitcs.

Grows in Carolina. Fraser.

Flowers

4. Myrtifolium. Mich.
V. repens, glabcrri-
mum ; foliis petiolatis,
ovalibus, lucidis, denticu-
lalis ; fasciculis axillari-
bus ; corollis campanula-
tis, brevissimc 5-denlatis.
Mich. 1. p. 22y.

Pursh, 1. p. 289.

Leaves with the margins reflected. Clusters ofjlouers nearly ses-
sile, small. »inther>> unawiied at the back. J]erries small, pedicel*
late, jilobose, black. Mich.

Grows in Carolina.

Flowers

C]-ccping, very g;la*
brous ; leaves petiolate,
oval, lucid, denticidate ;
clusters axillary ; coiol-
la campunulate, with 5
short teeth.

** Foliis deciduis. | ** leaves deciduous/

a, corollis cauipunulafis. | a. corolla cavipanulate.
5. AuBuKCLM. Marshall.
V. foliis lato-lanceola- I Leaves broad lanceo.

tis ovalibusque, scrrula-

lute ani oval, sei rulalc,

U5, nmcronatis, suprti iiiucruijate,shiuij)gua iho

496

DEGANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

nitidis, siibtus pubes( enti- upper, pubescent on tbp

bus ; racemis foliosis; flo- under surface ; raceiucs

ribus solitariis, nutanti- leafy ; flowers solitary,

bus; antheris aristatis. | nodding; anthers awned.

Mich. 1. p. 230. Pursh, 1. p. 285.
v. diffusum, Sp. pi. 2. p. 351.
V. mucronatuin, \VaIt. p. 139.

A small tree, 8 — 20 feet hish. producing from the root many suck-
.€rs ; branches, when old, crooked, the young suckers long, strai;;ht,
pubescent. Leaves sometimes nearly round, on short petioles. Calyx
small, pale green. Corolla white, angled, with the border 5 cleft;
segQicnts short, acute, reflected. Stamens very short. FUame)its
hairy near the summit. Jiuthers incu\nbeut, 2 celled, 2 horned, open-
ing at the summit of the horns ; awns shorter than the horns. Style
longer than the corolla. Ber.y globular, glabrous, black, dry, astrin-
gent, but of a flavour not unpleasant.

(irows in dry soils, moderately fertile.

Flowers April — May. Ripens its fruit in October. Farkleberry.

The bark of the root is very astringent, aud is given in the fonn of
decoction or infusion as a remedy for chronic dysentery and di-
arrhoea. The dried fruit is equally efficacious and more agreeable to
the palate.

6. Stamineum.

V. foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, subacutis, integerri-
mis, subtus glaucis ; flo-
ribus solitaiiis, axillaribus,
nutantil)us ; antheris ex-
ertis, aristatis.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 349. Walt. p. 139.

Leaves oval lanceolate,
nearlv acute, entire, Ji:lau-
cous underneath ; low-
ers solit.iry, axillary, nod-
ding ; anthers exserted,
awned.

Mich. 1. p. 227. Pursh, 1. p. 284

A shrub 2—3 feet high, erect, branching ; the young branches pu=-
bescent. Leaves distinctly veinei, glabrous on the upper surface,
slightly pubescent on the under ; on short petioles. Peduncles pubes-
cent, about an inch long. Corolla white ; segments of the border .
nearly round, mucronate. Jinthers at first white, afterwards ferrugi-^
»ous. Style longer than the stamens. Berry blue, with a glaucous
tinge. *

A variety of this shrub (perhaps the V. album of Pursh), grows on
the summits of the sand hills near Columbia, more humble aud bear-
ina larger fruit than in the low country ; 1 cannot however perceive
any specific difference between them.

The berries of this species of Vaccinium, of the V. frondo.^um, and
of the Vf duiixosum, are eaten indiscriminately und»r the namo of

VCCAIfnRIA MONOGYNIA.

*»r

•whortU or huckU berries. Thej are among; the moat agreeabU fiiits
which our forests produce.

<»rows ill dry soils, moderately fertile.

Flowers April — Ripens its fruit May — June.

7. DUMOSUM.

V. punctatuiii ; foliis cii-
iicatoohovatis. niucrona-
tis,scMTulatis ; raceniis tbli-
osh ; floribus solitariis, ax-
illaribus; antherisiru lu»is.

Botan. Mag. 1 lOG. Piirsh, 1. ,
V. frondosum Mich. 1. p. 230.

A small shrub, with creeping roots. -S^^sm erect, about a foot high jp
U>e young branclics, with the leaves, peduncles and calyx, rou;;;hened
with glandular dots. Leaves nearly sessile, finely serrulate, with the
margins revolute. Flowers nodding. Corolla angled, white. HtxfU
as long as the corolla, berries nearly black.

Grows in dry, si^ndy soils.

Flowers April. Ripens its fruit in June.

Dotted ; leaves rune*
ate ohovate, inucroiiate,
sfiTulate; racemes leafy;
flowers solitary, axillary ;
anthers included.

285.

8. Frondosum.

V, foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, integcrriniis, ohtu-
sis, rugosis, subglaucis,
pubescentibus, glandulis-
que irroratis ; raceniis
paiicifloris, bi actealis ; co-
rollis globoso-canipanula-
tis; antberis incliisis. E.

Leaves oval lanceolate^
entire, obtuse, rugose,
somewhat glaucous, pu-
bescent, and sprinkled
with glandular dots ; ra-
cemes tew flowered, brae
teate ; corolla glol)ose
campanulate j anthers in-
cluded.

Sp. pi. 2. p. :>5-Z. Pursh, 1. p. 285.
"V. glaacum, Mich. 1. p. S.'Jl.

A shrub about 3 feet high, branching, with the young branches pu-
bescent. Leaves nearly sessile, slightly pubescent, sprinkled, as well as
the short petioles and voung branches, with glandular dots. Itacemei
6 — S flowered, procceiling Irom the summit of the last year's wood,
tlicrefore below the leaves, liracleas^ one obovatc, pubescent, at the
base of each petiole, and two linear, glabrous, on each petiole. To-
Tolla white, tinged with red, contracted at the mouth, and approach-
ing to the urceolate form. Berries large, blue.

Phis is our most common species of vaccinium, and produces the
best flavoured fruit.

Graws in close soils.

Flowers April. Ripens its fruit in Junp.

'498

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA*

9. Restnosum.

V. foliis oblongo^ovali-
bus, plerumque obtusis,
integer ri mis, atom is re-
sinosis irroratis ; racemis
lateralibus,secundis,brac-
teatis : corollis ovatis.

Leaves oblong oval,
generally obtuse, entire,
sprinkled witb resinous
dots ; racemes lateral, se-
cund, bracteate ; corolla
ovate.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 352. Pursh, 1. p. 286.

A shi-ub 3—4 feet high, branching. Leaves nearly sessile, some-
times ovate, sprinkled, principally on the under surface, with glandular
clots. Corolla short. Stamens exserted. Berries laige, black.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers April — May.

'*** Corollis urceolatis. \

10. CoRYMBOSUM.

V. foliis longo-lanceo.

*** Corolla urceolate*

latis, acutis acuminatis-
que, serrulatis, juniori-
bus pubescentibus ; ra-
cemis confertiSjSubaphyl-
lis, bracteatis ; staminibus
miiticis, inclusifc. E.

Sp.pl 2.p. 351. Pursh, 1. p.

Leaves long lanceolate
acute and acuminate, ser-
rulate, the young ones pu-
bescent ; racemes crowd-
ed, almost leafless, bracte-
ate ; stamens unawned,-
included.

286 ?

v. disomorphum, Mich. 1. p. 231.

A shrub 4 — 8 feet high, geniculate, with a few straggling branches.
Leaves nearly sessile, very finely serrulate, with a silken lustre on
the upper surface. Racemes crowded near the naked summit of the
stem, 2 — 3 from each bud, producing flowers before the leaves are ex-
panded. Corolla oblong, slightly angled, white, deeply tinged with
purple. Staviens short. Filaments hairy. Jinthers without awns.
Style longer than the stamens, but not as long as the corolla. Berries
large, black.

Grows in swamps, and wet soils. Very common. Fz-uit indiffe-'
rent^ ; commonly called Bil or Bullberries.

Flowers March. Ripens its fruit May — June.

It. VlUGAFUM.

V. racemis sessilibus ;
corollis subcylindraceis ;
foliis oblongo-ellipticis.

Racemes sessile ; co-
rolla nearly cylindrical ;
leaves oblong elliptic,

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

491)

serrulate, deciduous, ji^la-
brous on each side ; How-
er-bei\ring branches long.

serruliitis, dcciduis, utrin-
quo i^labris ; raniis ftori-
feris rlongatis. Sp. pi.
2. p 353.

Pursh, I. p. 887.

A shrub 2 — 3 feet Mgli, the flowerine^ branchps nearly leaflesf^
liaceuifs bracteate. Corolla contracted at tlie throat, tiniied with
red. Sej;;inents of tlie c«/ya' reflected. SYj//^ included. PuVsli.

This appears to be too nearly allied totlic preceding species. The
jMjbescence is certainly variable, and the leaves, which in the V cov,
rymbosum Linnteus considered as entire, are very finely aerruiate, BO
•is easily to appear entire in dried speciineiis.

Grows in swamps, from ^ ir^jinia to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers

12. FrSCATUM.

V. toliis obloiigis, acu-
lis, serrulatis, glabris ; ra-
ceniis aggrc2;atis, ternii-
nalibus, bractcatis ; pedi-
celiis longis, iiutantibus ;
calycibus acutis, ercclis ;

Leaves oblong, acute,
serrulate, glabrous ; race-
mes aggregate, terminal,
braclcate ; pedicels long,
nodding ; segments of
the calyx acute, erect ;
style generally exserted.

stylo subexerto. Pursh,

1. p. '^87.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 551.

A handsome small shrub. Jfaccmes somewhat corymbose. Corol-
la cylindrical ; segments short, frect, white, tinired with red. Pursh.
Grows in the swamps of Carolina aud Georgia. Pursh.
Flowers

13. Galezans. Mich

y. foliis sessilibus, cu-
iicato-lanceolatis, serru-
latis, pubescentil)us ; fas-
ciculis sessilibus ; stami-
nibus inclusis, niuticis ;
stylo exerto.

Leaves sessile, cuneato
lanceolate, serrulate, pu-
bescent ; fascicles sessile ;
stamens included, with-
out awns ; style exsert-
ed.

Midi. 1. p. 232. Pursh, 1. p. 2S7.

A small shrub, 1 — 2 feet high, with creeping roots ; younc branches
•lotted, pubescent. Margins of the leaves freii'icntly tingea witlipur-

500

DEGANORIA MONOOTNIA.

|>le. Flowers in axillary clusters, 6- 10 flowered. Peduncles shorty
g__4 br.cteas at the base of each Corolla long, slight! j* an led,
tvhite; sometimes tinged with red. Filaments very hairy. Berries
tmatl, black.

Grows in damp, close soils.

Flowers March. Ripens its fruit in June.

Branches angled ; leavesu
sessile, ovate lanceolate,
mucronate, serrulate, lu-
cid on each side ; tasci-
cles somewhat terminal^
closel)' flowered.

, i4. TfcJNELLUM.

' V. raniis angulatis ; fo-

liis sessilihus, ovato-lan-

ceolatis, niucronatis, ser-

rulatis, utrinque lucidis ;

fasciculis subterminali-

bus, confertifloris. Pursh,

d, p. 388.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 553.
V. Pennsylvanicum ? Mich. 1. p. 232.

A low, branching shrub ; branches green. Calyx green. Corolltk
Ovate, pale red. Berries large, bluish black. Pursh.
Grows in dry, gravelly soils. Georgia; Mich.
Flowers

\

iS. Myrtilloides ? Mich.

V. foliis lanceolatis,
membranaceis, crenula-
tis, glabris ; floribus spar-
sis, subsolitariis.

Leaves lanceolate,
membranaceous, crenu-
late, glabrous ; flowers
scattered, generally soli*
tary.

Mich. 1. p. 234. Pursh, 1. p. 288.

I refer here, with much hesitation, a shrub found in our deep river
«wamps, 6 — 8 feet high, with branches slender, diftused. Leaver
small, sessile, lucid, deciduous. Fruit axillary, solitary, black, oiv
|>eduncles about half an inch long.

The corolla I have not seen.

Grows near Savannah river, at Beck's Ferry.

Flowers Ripens its fruit in June.

EPIG:^A. Gen. pl. 7*8.

Calyx 5-paititus, extus I Calyx 5 parted, with 8
tribracteatis. Corolla hy- | bracteas at base. Cord-:

DBCANDRTA MONOGTNfA.

501

1(1 hypocrutcriform. TV//;-
.9///^ 5 relied, with the re-
ceptacle it parted.

Leaves cordate ovate,
entile, reticulate ; corol-
la cylindrical.

Mich. I. p. 250. Pursh, I. p. 297.

A small shrub, prostrate, creeping, an«l so'.nctimes almost buried in
the sand, in which it deliijhts to grow. Young branches very hispid.
Leaves^ when youn-;, hispid alona; the midril), and sli^litly frin-'ed.
Floicers in compact, axillary racemes. Uracteas nearly as long as
the calyx. Corolla white, tinned with red, very fragrant. Stamens
and ^tifU scarcely longer than the tube of the corolla.

Urows on the sand hills in the middle districts of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers January— March.

pocraterifornris. Cajmi-
la .j-loeularis, reccptacu-
lo 5-partito.

1. Rkpkns.

E. foliis cordato-ova-
tis, inteperrimis, retirii-
latis ; corollis cylindricis.
Persoon, i. p. 48^.

Sp.pl. 2. p. 615. Walt. p. 139.

GUALTHERIA. Gen. pl. 749.

Calyx 5-fidus, basi bi-
bracteatus. Corolla ova-
ta. Capsula C-locularis,
vestita calyce baccato.

1. PROCUMBENS.

G. caulc procunibente,
ramis erectis ; Ibliis obo-
vatis, basi acutis, rigidis,
scrratis ; floribus paucis,
terniinalibus, niitantibus.

Califx 5 cleft, witb e
bracteas at base. Corolla
ovate. Capsidr 5 celled,
clotlied Willi the berry-
like calyx.

Stem procumbent, \vith
the branches erect ; leaves
obovate, acute at base,
rii2;id, serrate ; flowers
few, terminal, nodding.

Pursh, I. p. 283. Sp. pi. 2. p. 6l6. Mich. 1. p. 249.

A small shrub, generally prostrate, the branches naked near the
base ; the leaves somewhat crowded towards the summit, coria-
ce<»us, with tlie margins inflected, serratures fine, remote, acute,
terminated, in the young leaf, with a deciduous aun. /"/oic^rs fre-
quently solitary, white. Fruit red, eatable.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbridc.

Flowers May — July.

502

DECANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

CLETHRA. Gen. pl. 75 i.

Calyx 5 parted, persis-
tent. Petals 5. Style 3
cleft at the summit, per-
sistent. Capsule 3 celledp
ij valved.

Leaves cuneate, obo-
vate, acute, serrate, gla-
brous, and of the same
colour on both surfaces ;
racemes spiked, simple,
bracteate, tonientose and
hoary.

Pursh, l.p. 301. Sp.pl. 2. p. 619.

A small shrub, 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves sharply serrate, particular-
ly towards the summit, glabrous and finely veined. Racemes termi-
nal Corolla, as in all the species, white.

To the succeeding species this plant bears an entire resemblance,
diifering only in the villous tomentum with which the C. tomentosa is
clothed.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia. Columbia;
Mr. Herbemont.

Flowers July—August*

S. Tomentosa. La Marck.

Calyx 5-partitus, per-
sisiens. Petala 5. iStylns
apice 3-iidus, persistens.
Capsula 3-locularis, 3-
Valvis.

1. AlNI FOLIA.

C. foliis cuneato-obo-
vatis, acutis, serratis, u-
trinque glabris, concolo-
ribus ; racemis spicatis,
simplicibus, bracteatis,
cano-tomentosis.

C. foliis cuneato-obo-
vatis, acutis, serratis, sub-
tus albo-tomentosis ; ra-
cemis spicatis, simplici-
bus, bracteatis, villoso-to-
mentosis.

Leaves cuneate obo-
vate, acute, serrate, to-
rn entose and white un-
derneath ; racemes spik-
ed, simple, bracteate, to-
mentose and villous.

Lam. Encycl. Meth. 2. p. 46. Pursh, I. p. 301.

Clethra alnifoUa, Walt. p. 136.

G. alnifolia var. tomentosa, Mich. 1. p. 260.

A shrub, 2 — 4 feet high, with creeping roots, the young branches
pubescent, with the pubescence stellular. L>eaves sometimes acumi-
nate, sharply serrate, scabrous and pubescent on the upper surface.
*Boeem€S terminal, 4—7 inches long. Bracieas shorter than the

DBCANDRIA MONOCYNll.

5C^

fli)\vcrs. Petals whito, ol)ovate, twice as long as the mIjx. Fila*.
mmt-i longer than tlie corolla, inserted at the base of the i;erm, adher-
ing to the petaiss Jinthrrs sai^ittate, £ celleil, opening; through pores
at tin- extremity of each auricle, iifrm superior, hairy. Style a lit-
tle loiit^or (haR the stamens. Seeds numerous, ovate, cuinpressedj aty
tarhod t(» a lar'^e receptacle in the angle of each cell.

Grows in damp soils. Very common.

Flowers July — August.

3. ScABRA. Persooi>.

C. foliis cunoiUo-obo-
vatis, acutis. utrinque sca-
bris, grossc scnatis ; ra-
cemis spic^atis, subpani-
culatis, bracteatis, to-
incntosis. Pursli, l. p.
30^.

Pcrsoon, 1. p. 483.

Scrratures of the leaves large, uncinate. Spikes clothed with a
tine down. Pursh.
Found by Mr. Lyou in tlie western districts of Georgia,
Flowers

Leaves cuneate obo-
vate, acute, scabrous on
boib surfaces, witb large
serratures; racemes spik-
ed, soinewbat paniculate^
bracteatc, tomentose.

4. Panicclata.

C. foliis cuneato-lance- Leaves cuneate lance-

olatis. acutis, serralis, u- olate, acute, serrate, gla-

trinque glabris ; panicula brous on botb surfaces ;

terniinali, racemillora, al- panicle terminal, with

bo-tomentosa. tlie branches lacemose,

tomentose and white.

Pursh, I. p. 302. Sp. pi. 2 p. G20.

Leaves narrow, with the serratures acuminate. FanicUlon^. Pursh.

Grows in Carolina. Bartram.

Flowers

5. Acuminata.

C. foliis ovalibus, acu-
minatjj*, serratis. utrinque
glabris, bubtus subj^laucis j

Leaves oval, acuminate,
si'irute. glal)rous on both
sides, souicwlial glaucous

90'!

OEeANDRiA MONOGYNIA.

racemis spicatis ; bracteis
flores superantibus.

racemes
bracteas longer

underneath

spiked ;

tlian the flowers.

Mich. 1. p. 260. Pursh, 1. p. 302.

A small tree. Leaves larj^e, on long petioles, obtuse, never ch-
neate at base. Spikes before flowering bristling on all sides with the
)ong bracteas ; these by culture frequently disappear.

Grows on the high mountains of Carolina.

Flowers

PYROLA. Gen. pl. 572,

Calyx 5-partitus. Pe-
tola 5. stylus stamini-
bus h»ngior. Capsulu 5-
lo(-ularis, anguhs dehis-
cens.

1. RoTUNDIFOLfA.

p. foliis rotundatis, ob-
solete serrulatis ; spica
floribus undique versis ;
pistillo decUnato.

o.

C<7/i/x 5 parted. Petals
Style longer than the
stamens. Capsule b cell-
ed, opening at the angles..

Leaves nearly round, ob-
soletely serrulate ; spike
with the flowers on eve.-
ry side ; pistil decUned.

Mich. 1. p. 251. Pursh, 1. p. 299. Sp. pl. 2. p. 621.

A small, perennial, creeping ? plant. Leaves near the surface of
the ground, perennial, coriaceous, sometimes obovate. Spike 6 — 10
inches long. Corolla white. Stigma rotate, with 5 tubercles.

Grows m dry, stony or sandy soils, from Canada to Carolina.
Pursh.

Flowers

CHIMAPHILA. Pursh.

Calyx S-partitus. Pe- j
tala 5. Stigma sessile,
crassum, orbiculatum.
Jintheree rostiatse, fora-
mine subbivaJvi dehis-
centes. Capsida 5-locu^
laris, angulis dehiscens.

Calyx 5 -parted. Pe-
tals 5. Stigma sessile,
thick, orbicular. Anthers
beaked, opening through
a :3valved aperture. Cap-
sule 5 celled, opening at
the angles.

BECANDRIA MGNOGYNrA.

003

T.caves lanceolate, with
ri'j;i(l serruturcs, marked
with a white longitudinal
hand ; scape 2 — 3 flow,
cied ; tilanicnts woolly.

1. MACrrLATA.

r. fohis lancoolatis. ri-
gidc scnatis, iascia lon-
gitiidinali di-^colorc nota-
tis ; scapo i — 3-floro ;
fdaincntis lanuginosis.
Mich. !. p. 851. Sub Vy-
rola. 1

Pursh, 1. p. SnO.

Pynila inaculata, Sp. pi. 2. p. 6-22. AValt. p. 156.

A small, perennial, creeping!; plant. Stems 2—4 inches hi^h. Leai'ffi
erect. 2 --4 neat- the base of the stem, coriaceous, riu;i(l, ol" a biin;ht
green colour, varieij;ate(l in the miiliile \vitl« wliite. Flowers tcrnunal,
(2 or 3) somewhat ninbelliferous, fragrant. Corolla wliite. F'UameAt9
a little lonsjer than the germ. Irvnn superior.

Grows in lisjht. rich soils, in the shade of trees. Common.

Flowers April — May.

STYRAX. Gen. ri..

Cfl/z/o: inferos, limbo 5-
dcntato. Corolla 5- par-
tita. Drupa coriacea, ex-
succa, tbvens nucem
sphacriceam.

1. Or ndifolium

S. foliis lato-obovatis.
acuminalis. subtus tonicn-
tosis ; racemis simphci-
bus, axillaiil)us, interne
foliosis.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 621. Pursh, 2. p. 450.
S. jjrandillorum, Mich. 2. p. 41.
S. oflicinalc, Walt p. 140.

A shrub, 4 — 12 feet hij^h, with the younjj branches pubescent.
Leaven alternate, largje, on short peti»»ies. nearly ;;(labrou8 on the up-
per surface, hoary untlerneatlj, tlie toinentU:n stellated. Jiaceme.'i
15 — 20 floweretl, with a bractea at the base of ea( h peduncle. Caly.v
tomentosr ; the tube four times as Ion,; as the acute segments, l^-
rolla white, very fragrant, much larger than the calyx : segments
oval, expanding. /''i/aHi«'»j/s hairy and unitecl at ba^e, inst-i ted into
the base of tlie corolla. Jinthers,^ lobed, affixed to the sides of the
fdaments near the summit, (ifrm v ith the base clotbed bv tlio ct'

Cat II X inferior, witli the
border 5 toothed. Co-
rolla 5 parted. Drupe
coriaceous, juiceless, in-
closing a spherical nut.

Leaves broad obovate,
acuminate, lomentose un-
dcrneatli ; racemes sim^
])Ie, axillary, leafy neap
the base.

506 DEGANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

iyx, many celled (8). Style longer than the corolla and stamehfi
atigma obtuse.

Grows in rich, light soils. More common in the apper districts rff
Carolina and Georgia than in the lower.

Flowers ApriL

S. PULVERULENTUM. Mlch.

Leaves oval, acute, to-
rn entose underneath ; ra-
cemes lateral, few flow-
ered, leafy.

S. foliis ovallbus, acu-
tis, subtus tomentosis ;
racemis laterallbus, pau-
cifloris, foliosis. E.

Mich^. p. 41.

A small shrub, with creeping roots, growing in small clumps and
rarely exceeding 18 incnes in height. Leaves nearly sessile, serru-
late, a little hairy on the upper suiface ; pubescence, as in the pre-
ceding species, stellular. Flowers on small lateral branches, .axilla-
ry and terminal. Corolla smaller than in the S.grandifolium, white,
and very fragrant.

I have very rarely seen more than 2 terminal flowers on each ra-
ceme.

Grov/s in flat pine barrens. Common on the south side of the Ca-
nouchie river, 6-— 8 miles above its 'junction with the Ogeechee. I
have never seen it north of tlie Savannah river.

Flowers March — April.

Xeaves lanceolate, acu-
minate at each end, ser-
rate, glabrous ,• racemes
lateral, leafy.

3. LiEVE. Walt.

S. foliis lance olatis, u
trinque acuminatis, seira
tis, glabris ; racemis lat
eralibus, foliosis. E.

Sp. pi. 2. p. G24.

S. glabrum, Mich. 2. p. 41. Pursh, 2. p. 450.

S. Iseve, Walt. p. 140.

A shrub, 4 — 6 feet high ; branches virgate, slightly geniculate.
Leaves, particularly towards the extremities of the branches, mode-
rately large (2 — 3 inches long, 1 — li wide), thick, opaque, with acute,
strong, irregular serratures. Racemes, or branches, frequently in
pairs. Flowers axillary and terminal. Corolla white, tomentose.
JV*«* globular, 1 celled.

Grows along the margins of swamps, in Carolina, 7—8 miles from
Charleston, near the Goose-Creek roa«lr

Flowers April.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNTA..

967

Leaves oval lanceolate,
acute at each end, finely
serrulate, niembrunacc-
uus, e;labrous ; racemes
lateral, leajy.

A, Glabritm.

S. foliis Qvali-lanceola-
ti:-. iitnnque afutis, terui-
is^imc serriilaiis, meni-
hranaceii^, gl;il)ris ; racc-
luis lateralibus, foliosis.
K.

Bi>tan. Mag. No. 9-21.

A shrub, 6 — 8 feet liiu;iii with branrhes riifTusc, sprerulinjr. Leavti
thin, dflitati', fiiioly sfiiulate. Loro'la much larger than in tlie pie-
ceiiinu; species, nearly glabrous, white.

These two species appear (n me to have been confounded by the Eu-
ropean botanists. This is distinguished by its thin, oval leaves, and
larger flowers ; the former by its thick, acuminate leaves, and tomen-
tose corolla. This is pretty certainly the plant figured in t!»e Botan*
ical Magazine ; the former evidently the S. la;vc of Walter, Tl»t
other relerences are uncertain.

Grows along tiie margins of tlie Ogeechec river, Georgia^

Flowers April.

HALESIA. Gen. pl. 814.

Calyx 4- toothed, su-
perior. Corolla + cleft
or 4 petalled. Stamens
8 — 12. Xiit 4) angled,
2 seeded.

Calyx 4-dentatus, su-
perus. Corolla 4 lid a,
vel 4-petala. Stamina
S — 12. X'lx 4-angula-
ris, 2-5perma.

1. Tetr/iptera.

H. foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, acuminatis, scrrula
tis ; corolla quadrilida ;
florihus dodccandris; fruc-
tn suljjequaliter tctrapte-
ro.

Sp. pi. P- p 849. Walt. p. 14-4. Mich. 2. p. 40. Pursh, 2. p. 449.

A small Iroe, M) — 20 feet high, leaves pubescent, a little glau-
cous underneath, sometimes obovate, on short petioles. Flowers in
small axillary clusters. Calyx superior. Corolla canipanulate,
white, with the border 4 ciclt. Filamertis 10 or 12, «hort«r than tlje;

Leaves oval lanceolate,
acunjinatc, serrulate; co-
rolla 4- cleft ; fltjwcrs do-
decandrous ; fruit equal-
ly 4 winged.

^os

DECANDRIA MONOGYNTA.

corolla, hairy at base. Stjfle longer than the sta-nens. Stigma sim-
ple. Fi-uit oblong, 4 winged, with the wings all equal*

Grows in rich, light, dry soils.

flowers March — April.

S. DlPTEBA.

H. foliis ovato, ovali-
que lanceolatis, acumina-
tis, serrulatis ; coroUis
tetrapetalis ; floribus oc-
tandris ; fructu compres-
60, alls duabus niajoribiis.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 849. Walt. p. 144.

Leaves ovate and oval
lanceolate, aciiminatej
serrulate ; corolla 4 pe-
talled ; flowers octanr
drous ; iVuit compressed,
with ^ large wings.

Mich. 2. p, 40. Pursh, 2. p. 450.

A small tree, very similar, in size, habit, leaves, and mode of flow-
ering, to the preceding species. Corolla large, white, distinctly 4
petalled. 'Sfonews generally 8. Gemn many celled (S). Fruit larger
than in the H. tetraptera, obovate, compressed, with the two smali
wings nearly obliterated.

These two plants are remarkable for their smooth streaked bark;
their pubescence is stellular : both are very ornamental plants.

In tliis genus the filaments are united at base, and therefore br
many writers it has been placed in the class Monadelphia ; but it is
united in so many respects Avith the Styrax, the flouers of both are
so generally decandrous, and so many instances occur w-hcre the
number of stamens is permitted to determine the location of plants,
that it appears to me more convenient to place them, where I am per-
suaded young botanists will generally look for them, in the class JJe^
candria.

Grows ten miles from Savannah, on the Ogeechee road.

Flowers March — April.

MYLOCARIUM. Willd.

Calyx inferiis, 5-iidus.
Petalu quinque. Stylus
angulis alatis. stigma
3 — 4 iida. Capmla tri-
gona, trilocularis.

Calyx inferior, 5 cleft.
Petals 5. Style with tlie
angles winged. Stigma
3—4 cleft. Capsule 3
angled, 3 celled.

1. LjGUSTUIIsUM.

Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Pursh, 1. p. 302.

A shrub, 6—15 feet liiy;h. Leaves perennial, alternate, sessile,
puneate, lanceolate, very entire, coriaceous, glabrous, slightly glau«

PECANDRTA DTGYNIA.

50U

••ous underneath. Floicem in simple, terminal racemes, raly:^
small, appoarin;; to be romposc<l of" five leaves colieririy; together.
Petiila obovate, white. Filaments dilatctl at base, unc(|ual, shorter
than the rorolla.

Tliis very ornamental plant grows in pine barren swamps and
galls, in the southern parts of Georgia. It rarely occurs to the nortk
of the Osieechee river.

Flowers March.

niGrvLi

HYDRANGEA. Gen. pl. 7(iO.

CaUjx superus, 5-(len-
tatus. Pctala 5. Capsu-
la ;2-i'ostris, foraniine in-
ter coniua dehiscens.

Caljfx superior, 5 footh*
c(l. Petals ;3. Capsule ^
beaked, openina; through
an aperture between llie
horns.

Leaves oblong ovate,
obtuse at base, acuminate,
dentate, glal)ious under-
neath ; cymes naked.

1. Vulgaris.

H. foliis oblongo ova-
tis, basi obtusis, acuuiina-
tis, dentatis, subtus gla-
bris ; cymis imdis.

Piirsh, 1. p. 309. Mich, l.p 2G8.
H arborescens, Sp. pl. 2. p 033,

A shrub, G— 8 feet high, with branches and leaves, as in all the
genus, opposite. Leaves tiiin, glabrous, pale o i the umler surface,
very conspicuously acuminate, serratures lary;e, acute, flowers io
terminal cymes, uhitv, generally without sterile florets.

(ir.ivvs on t)ie mountains of Carolina.

Flowers May — June.

2. CoKDATA. Pursh.

H. fuliis lato-ovatis. ba-
ai subcoidatis, acumina-
tis, grosse dentatis, sub-

Leaves broad ovate,
sligluly cordate at base, a-
cuniinute, coarsely tooth»

.510

DBCANDFIA DIGYNtA.

tiis glabris ; cymis sub-
radiatis. Pursh, i.p. 309.

ed, glabrous underneath ;
cymes generally radiate.

This though nearly allied to the preceding, is a very distinct spe-
•ies, and easily known from that by its more robust appearance and.
larger leaves. Pursh.

I have adopted this species from Pursh without having sufficient
Tneans to determine its accuracy. Yet I have noticed in specimens
sent me from our mountains, that those with sterile (radiating) flow-
ers have generally a more robust habit, leaves thicker, less acumi-
nate, and more distinctly ovate.

Grows in the mountains and upper country of Carolina and Geor-
gia, along the water courses.

Flowers May — June.

Leaves cordate ovate,
acuminate, serrate, tOr
mentose and white on
the under surface; cymes
radiate.

3. NivEA. Mich.

H. foliis cordato-ovatis,
acuminatis, serratis, sub-
tus niveo-tomentosis ;
cymis radiatis. Mich. l.
p. 369.

Pursh, I.p. 509.

H. radiata, Walt. p. £5 1. Sp. pi. 2. p. 634,

A shrub. 6 — 8 feet high. Leaves rugose, pubescent along the veins
of the upper surface, elegantly marked by the silvery whiteness of
tl.e under surface. Flowers in terminal cymes, with a few sterile
florets (3 — 8) in the circumference, and many fertile florets in the
centre of each cyme.

Fertile floret' Calyx 1 leaved, 5 toothed. Corolla 5 petalled ;
petals lanceolate, longer than the calyx. Filaitients 10, unequal, lon-
ger than the calyx. Germ compressed, oval. Styles 2, short. Stig-
mas obtuse, thick.

■ Sterile floret. Calyx 2 — 3 — 4 leaved; leaflets large, rounded at
the summits, coloured, persistent. Corolla 2 — 3—4 petalled ; petals
lanceolate, white, much smaller than the calyx. Stamens very short*
Rudiments only of the germ and styles.

Grows in the upper country of Carolina and Georgia, along the
lime-stone bluff", below Vance's Ferry, on the Santee river.

Flowers May — June.

4. QuERciFOLiA. Bartram.

H. foliis oblongis, sinu-
ato-lobatis, dentatis, siib-
tus tomentosis ; cymis m-
-diatis, paniculatis.

Leaves oblong, sinuate
and lobed, dentate, to-
mentose underneath ; cy-
mes radiate, paniculate.

&p. pi. e. p. ^34. Pursh, 1. p. ^Q^

DEGANDRIA DICYNIA.

fiTJt

A handsorae slirub, 4 — 5 foet high. Leaves variously sinuate,
thou;;h ;;!:i*nt' rally 5 lobcil ; when younj; very tonientose, with the veins
marked with a iorru;^innus colour. tUiwPTS in Iohl; panicles, rat^'er
than cvmes; sterile Jturets numerous, at tirst ot" an obscure white
colour, cliangiij]s; afterwards to purple.

First discovered by Bartrani, in his travels through the southern"
states.

tirows near Milledgeville, GeorgLi.

Flowers May — June.

CIIRYSOSPLENIUM. Gbn pl. 788.

C(iJi/r 4 -fid us, colora-
tiis. Corolla 0. Cap-
si/la birostris, 1 locularis.
poly?perma.

1. OrposiTirOLiuM.

C. foliis oppositis, sub-
rotiindis, l)asi in peliolum
aH'Miuatis, levissiiiie cre-
natis.

Calj/x 4 clclt, coloiiF-
cd. Corolla 0. Capsule
2 heakcdj i celled, many
seeded.

Leaves opposite, near-
ly ^oll^(^ tapeiins; at base
to a petiole, sligbtly cre-
nate.

Sp. pl. 2. p. G38. Mich. 1. p. 269. Pursh, 1. p. 269.

A small creeping plant. Root^ perennial. Stem herbaceous.
leaves membranaceous, {jlabrous. Flowers solitary, axillary, on short
peduncle*. (Flowers octandrous. Mich.)

Grows near springs and rivulets in the mountains of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flower*

SzVXlFllAGA.

Cahjx 5-partitus. Pe-
Ma 5. Capsula 2-rostris,
1 -locularis, polyspenna.
1. ViiiGiNiENsi-j. Mieb
S. pube.scens ; foliis o-
valil)U.-, obtusis, crenatis,
in petioluni decurreiili-
hus ; caulc subapbyllo,

Cali/x n parted. Pefnh
5. Capsule 2 beaked,
1 celled, many seeded.

Pul)esccnt ; leaves oval,
ol)tuse, crenate, extend-
ing; to a petiole ; stem
nearly leafless, panicula-

5lS

SEGANDRIA DtGYNiA,^

paniculate ; floribus sub-
sessilibus

ted; flowers nearly ses-
sile.

Mich. I. p. 269. Pursh, 1. p. Sll.

A small, herbaceous plant, with perennial roofs. Radical leaves
rather spat!)ulate, lanceolate. Stem about a foot high, divided near
the summit. Flowers crowded near the extremities of the branches,
■white.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia. On the lime-
stone rocks near Vance's Ferry.

Flowers March.

fiairy ^ leaves spathu-
late oval, with acute and
large teeth ; panicles long,
diffuse ; calyx reflected j
petals unequal.

S. LEUC/\T4THEMIFOL.rA

S. hirsuta ; fohis spath-
ulato-o valibus, acute gros-
seque dentatis ; paniculis
elongatis, diff^nsis ; calyce
reflexo ; petalis insequali-
bus.

Mich. 1. p. 268. Pursh, 1. p. 311.

Plant very hairy, particularly towards the base of the scape and
leaves. Leaves oval, with very large and acute t^tin, tapering at
base to a stem 3 — 4 inches long. Scape 18 — v"4 inches long. Panicle
diffuse. F^oit'ers small, white variegated with pink and yellow. Calyx
rigid, reflected, persistent.

Grows near the mountains in the upper districts of Carolina and
Georgia. Mr. Herbemont.

Flowers June — September.

3. Erosa. Pursh.

S. ghbriuscula ; foliis
oblongo-lanceolatis, acu-
tis, eroso-dentatis ; pani-
cula oblonga ; ramis di-
varicatis. Pursh, i. p.
31 1.

Nearly smooth ; leaves
oblong lanceolate, acute,
with erose teeth ; pani-
cle oblong ; branches di-
varicate.

stem naked. Panicle very much divided. Flowers scattered, on
filiform footstalks. In many respects resembling the S. Pennsylvani-
ca. Pursh.

Grows along stony rivulets in the high mountains of Carolina.
PursI).

Flowers June — July*

DECANORI.V DIGYMA,

5i^

TI ARKLLA. Gen. pl. 702?.

Calj/.v .'r-piutitus, |)cr.
-SHtcus. Pdata ;>, calyci
irjscrla. f'apsula i-locu-
laris, i-valvis, viilvula al
Cera majoic.

Cd/ijx .1 parted, persist
tent. Petals 5, inseited
on ilic calyx. Capsule
1 celled, '2 valved, witU
tlic valves unequal.

1. HiTERNATA. Vcntciiat.

T foliis bitcrnatis ; fo- | Leaves biternatc ; leaC^

lets ovate cordate, ob-
lique, lobes incised and

tootbed ; stem leatV; pan-
icle terminal, divaricate^
witbtbe flowers in spikes^

liolis ovato-coidatis. ob
liquis, inciso-loI)atis, i]cn
tatis; caule tblioso ; i)ani
cula terniinali, divaricalo
•spicitlora.

Vent. Malm. 54. Pursli, 1. p. 313.

Spiraja aruncus, var. b. hennapluodita. Mich. 1. p. 294.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, branching, angular. Leaves a
little rougli, sprinkled along tlie veins with a glandular pubescence.
Panicle axillary and terminal. I'eduncles pubescent, short, with a
!incar stipule at the base of each. Segments oftlie ca/j/.r ovate. Fe.-
ials lih ir, much longer than the caljx. Stamens as long as the pe-
tals. I.. (//IS united at base. Styles short, intlccted. Stigmas oli».
tuse.

To Zaccheus Collins F.s(\. of Philadelphia, to whom I owe manj*
obligations, 1 am indebtecl for fine spcciraents of this plant, with the
reference to Ventenat and Michaux. There is still some obscurity
.ibout it. The capsules, as weli ai I can judge from them in an im-
mature state, are precisely those of Saxifraga, two beaLed, opening
liftwetn tin* styles. The habit of the plant however is very tlifferent
from any Saxifraga with wliich I am acquainted, but to this genu*
it cannot belong.

Found on the Saluda mountains by Dr. MacbridC) flowering as late
as Auirust.

SAPONAIUA. Gen. pl. r(5'J.

Cali/x tubulosus, nu-
^is. Pctnlu .'j, un*!;uicu-
lata. Cnpsuta oblonga,
l-IocuIarr>**

Calyx tubular, naked.
Petals 5, clawed. Cap-
sule oblong, 1 cellc(K

b3

51*

DECANDRIA TUlGYNfA.

4. Officinalis.

5. ralyciiuis cylindn- | Calyx* cylindrical ; leave's
cisi foliis ovato-lanceolu- | ovate lanceolate.

tiSf Sp, pi. 2. p. 067. I

.Pur^h, 1. p. 314.

Boot, perennial, creeping. Stems 12 — 18 inches. high, terete, gla-
brous. Lmt'es opposite, connate, entire, 3 nerved, glabrous. Flow-
ers in clustered panicles, white, tirtge*^! with pink, frequently double.

A foreigi) plant, now completely naturalized in the upper districts
of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers through the summer.

IRIGYKIA,

TTTCUBALUS. Gen. PL;77i;

Calyx inflated. Petals
5, clawed, without a crown
at tlie throat. Capsule 3
celled.

Pubescent, erect ; leave;?
verticillate by fours, oval
lancecslate,
acumination.

with a lon^

Calyx inflatus. Petala
5, un^uiculata, absque
cm-ona ad faucem. Cap-
suja 3-locularis.

I. SrELLAriTS.

C. pubescens, erectus ;
foliolis quaterno-verti-
cillatip, ovali-lanceolatis,
longissime acuminatis. — ,
Sp. pi. 2. p. 686. I

Mich. 1 p. 271. Pursh, 1. p. 315.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, about two feet high. Leaves
remote, sessile and united at base Flowers in lax terminal pani-
cles. Partial peduncles nearly an inch long. Calt/x inflated, 5 part-
ed, with the segments acuminate. Petals obovatc, somewhat fimbri-
ate, white, with claws as long as the calyx. Filaments and styles as
long as the corolla, very slender. Capsule superior, globose, gla-
brous.

Grows in the middle an*! upper districts of Carolina in great abuff-
danco ; not fo'md along tlie sea coast.

Flowers June — Aujrust.

Ji>ECAN|)RlA TRigVNfA.

9f9

SILENE. Gi:n. pl 773.

l'a///.rcvlin(lriciis. Pe- \ Cv/^r cvlinclrical. Pc-
tala 5, un2;uiculata, com- | ials r*, tli'wd, cmwii d
uatii a(i t'uicein. Capsu- | at the throat. Capsule
la a-Iocularis. | 3 celled.

i. QtllNQUKVILNEUA.

S. hiisuta ; fohis cuiic- | irsiite; leaves cune-

ato-ohlongis, surninis h- | ate oMong, tlie upper
ncuiil)us ; petalis suhro- | ones linear ;.pe'als near-
tmnlis.inlegcrrimis; fruc- I ly round, entire; fruit
tit)iis erectis alternis — | erect, alternate.
Mich. 1. p. i7^. I

Sp. pl. 2. p, 691. Pursh, 1. p. 315.

IMant 8 — 1 j incliee iu2;li. divided fnnn the base, very hairv. Leaves
small, the lower ones cu.ieate lanceolate, t;raduallv dimiiiishiiig to-
waniij the bummit of tlie stem Flowers axiliarv, stditarv, on sliort
peduncle*. Vatah yniall. ot" a bright pink ur.lou:-. with the bolder pale.

Grows near Mr. Middleton's, on Aihlej river; Mr. Moulins. Not
common.

Flowers

Stenj pubescent; leaves
obovate, ciliate ; petals
large, fimbriate, white.

a. FiMBRiATA. Bald.

S. caule pubescente ;
foliis obovatis, ciliatis ;
petalis niajusculis, fimbri-
ati.s, all)is. B.

iS/enj G— 8 inches high. The two upper pair of leaves f'cnerallv
small, lanceolate, pubescent, blowers generallj 5, in a terminal
lascicle.

A beautiful little plant, highly meriting the attention of the floriaU
Bald.

Grows in low rich oak land on Flint river, near the Creek Ao^ency.

Fl'juors April — May. o . j-

3. Pr.NNsM.vANicA. Mirh.

S. viscido-pubescens ;
foliis radicalibus cunea-
tJ-<. caalinis lanreolatis ;
liujiiculis tiichotomis, ter-

Tubescenf, vis(ad ; radi-
cal leaves cuneate, i-Wm
leaves lanccojate ; f>Uni-
clcs triciiotonious, teriiii-

SI 6 DECANDRIA TRTGYNlA.

minalibus ; petalis obtu
eissimis, levifer crenatis.

nal ; petals very obtuw^j
sliglitly creiiate.

Mich. 1. p. 272. Pursh, 1. p. 316
S. Caroliniana, Walt. p. 142.

I?oo« fibrous, perennial. 5iem 8— 10 inches high, divided from the base,
and frequently decumbent. Radical leaves 2 — 5 inphes long ; leaYesf
of the stem connate; all entire. Flowers in small, terminal panicles.
Calyx slightly ventricose, with the border 5 cleft and erect. Claws
of th petals rather lopger than the calyx, producing, where tliey be-
gin to dilate, a 2 lobed, coloured leaflet, forming the crown which dis-
tinguishes this genus ; border expanding, obovate. Filaments 10,
iongerthan the calyx, 5 inserted into the claws of the petals, 5 alter-
nating with the petals, coaliting with them at base. Germ superior.
Styles shorter than the stamens. Stigmas simple. Capsule 3 valved*.
"Seeds numerous, attached to a central receptacle.

Var. a. rosea ; with the petals of a beautiful rose-colour.
h. alba ; with the petals white.

Grows — a. on the south side of Ashley river, 15 miles from Charles?
ton — h. Bucks county, Georgia.

Flowers April.

4. ViRGINICA.

5. viscido-pubesceus ;
foliolis oblongo-lanceola-
tis, margine asperis ; pan-
iculis diohotomis ; petals
bilidis j stamiuibus exer-
tis.

Pubescent, viscid ; leaves
oblong lanceolate, with
the margin rough ; panir
cles dichotornous ; petalg
2 cleft ,* stamens exse]>
ed.

Sp. pi. 2, p. 709. Mich. 1. p. 272. Pursh, 1. p. SlG.
S Catesbfei, Walt. 142.

7ioot perennial Stem generally erect and simple, 12 — 18 inchfS
Mgh. Leaves somewhat connate, lanceolate, acute, tapering at base,
slightly fiinged, a little hairy on the under surface. Panicle dicho-
tornous, compound, with a flower in each division. Calyx slightly
ventricose, 10 nerved. Petals obovate, deeply 2 cleft, of a bright
crimson colour. Stamens much longer than the calyx. Stigmas ob-
tuse. Capsule ventricose, 3 — 5 valved.

This plant certainly varies, with the lobes of the petals entire, and
divided (laciniate. Walt.) Yet I am not certain that this name
covers two species. Dr. Muhlenberg's authority would countenance
this suspicion. Willdcnow however refers both his S. Virginica and
S. Catebgei to the same figure in Plukenet, t. 203. f 1.

Grows on James' Island, and in t^it neighbourhood of Charleston>

!Plo\yers June — July.

DECANDniA TIUCYNIA.

i^ir

5. OvATA. rursh.
S. tblils OMilo-lanceo-
latis, acuniiiKitis, «i;lal)rius-
ciilis ; raccino icrniinali,
composito ; culycibus o-
Yiitis; gcnitalibus cxcrlis;
caule simplici. Puish, 1.
p. 3iCi.

Floicn'S white, or pale red.

Gro-.\ ". in the western parts of (ieorgia and Carolina Described
fiom sjuriuieBs in the herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks.

Leaves ovate lanceo-
late, acuminate, nearly
smooth ; raceme termi-
nal, compound ; calyx o-
vate ; stamens and styles
cxscrted ; stem simple.

6. Antiruiiina.

S foliis anii;usUs, spa-
1h ulato-laiueolatis, cilia-
ti^ : panlculis dicliotomis ;
petalis parvulis, bilidis ;
staminibus inclusis. E.

Leaves narrow, spatlm-
late lanceolate, ciliate ;
panicles dichotomous ;
petals small, 3 cleft ; sla*.-
mens included.

Sp. pi. -2. p. 702. Walt. p. 141. Pursli, 1. p. 316.

Annual. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, pubescent near the base, somefimet
spotted. Lower leaves spatlailate, pubescent along the midrib. Pari'
iclf dichotomous, with a flower in each division. Cabjx 10 ncned,
nerves alternately larger. Corolla frecjuently wanting; when present
small, white, 2 cleft, expanding in the evoning. Stamens nearly as
long as tlie calyx, 5 sometimes abortive. Seed dotted.

In our species the capsules arc not distinctly 3 celled, the inflect-
ed margins of the vaUes arc connected at base with the central re-
ceptacle, but the partition rarely extends to the summit of the cap-
sule.

Grows in most soils : at Ogcechee common.

yiowers March — April.

STELLAIUA. Gen. pl. 773.

€ahfx C-pbyllus, pa-
lens. Fetala 5, bipartita.
Capsula ovata, l-Iocula-
ris, polysperma.

1. Pl'BERA.

S. pubcscens ; foliis
^essillibusj ovatis, ciliali^ j ,

Cnbix d leaved, ex-
panding. Petals 5, two
parted. Capsule ovate,
1 celled, many seeded.

Pul)esccnt ; leaves ses-
sile, ovate, ciliate j pedi-

I?18

liECANDlllA^ fTjRiPl'NlA.

pedicellis erectis ; petalis eels erect ; petals longer
calyce lougioiibus. . than the calyx.

Mich. 1., p. 273.' Pursh, 1. p. 317.

Perennial ? Stem 6 — ^12 inches liigh. Leaves sonictimtrs lanceolate.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than tlie leaves. Jt^eaves ul"^ the
ca/^ic inembra;noufe along the margin'. P^frifs white. •- • .'

Grows in shadej in rich soils, from l^iinsylvanibj ttt CacrdUiiia.j
fursK. In the western districts of Georgia J Dr. Saldvvjo. , mi,;>

Flbwiers May.

2. Prostrata. Bald.
''' S, foliis oVatis, acutis,
glabris ; petiolis longissi-
inis ; caule prostrato, cy-
lindrico, fistuloso, dicho-
tottio, subpubescente ; pe-
ri unoulis solitariis, longis ;
lloribtis parv.ulis, heptaii-
<lris ; calyce erecto. B

Leaves ovate, acute^
smooth ; petioles very
long f stem prostrate, cy-
lindrical, hollow, forkedj
and slightly pubescent ;^
peduncles solitary, long;
flowers small, heptan-
di'ous ; calyx erect-

Root fibrous/ aanual. Stem slightly channelled, prostrate of trail-
"5ng, 1—4 feet long. Lower leaves sometiiues heart-shaped, s^sile.
jS^flTuenS generally 7. B. , , . . , , ,

Grows in rich, springy, land, on the island of Fort. George, East-
'Florida.

Flowers March— April.

AREMRIA. Gen. pl. 774.

Calyx 5-phyllus, pa-
tens. Petala i>, Integra.
Capsula l-locularis, poly-
«perma.

1. Serpyllifolia*.

A. caule dichotomo,
difFuso ; foliis ovatis, acu-
tis, ciliatig ; calycibus acu-
tis, substriatis ; petalis ca-
lyce brevioribus. Pursh,
1. p. 3i7.

§p.pl. 2. p. rsOi, Mich. J. p.

Calyx 5 leaved, expau-
ding. Petals .5, entire.
Capsule 1 celled, many
seeded.

Stem dichotomou^, dif-
fuse ; leaves ovate, acute,
ciliate ; calyx acute, stri-
ate ; petals shorter than
the calyx^

274?,

':^..

nECA'tmnTA Tittlc5'\T»tii'

i4

Annual, ^tem C — fi jiu'iph lonjj. prociiinbent and a«surgent, pu-
lio^iLMit. with tlu- liairs reflected, i.^ai'fs t»p[i()site, sessile, sninelimc*
»( i:iiuiiu<e, sli;;li»lv cordate anti S nerved, liaiiy, small. Floweri suli-
tM\ , in the divisions ot" the stem, sometimes axillary. Calyx hispid,
the "two exterior leaves rather lon^jer than the interior, twice or thrcol
tim'e* as long as the corolla. Petals uvrJ, erect, white. Stamens un-
equal, shorter than the calyx. 6'<thi superior. Styles as long a5
the stamens. .S'h'^mas simple. Capsulf ovate, clothetl by the per-
sistent calvxj 5 valved. Seeds leniform, d«ttcd, attached to the cert*
ti.il rt'ccntaclc.

(irosss in dry pa.«tures.

Flowers April — May,

2. DlFFIS.-^. E.

A. pubcns ; caiile difTu-
so. raiuoso; foliis oMoii-
£:(>-laiiceoIatis, utiinquc
acutis ; pedunculis soli-
taiiis. axillaribus, Ibliis du-
plo longioribus ; pctalis
calyce multo brevioribus.
E.

Pubescent ; stem dif-
fuse, branching ; leaves'
oblong lanceolate, acute
at each end ; peduncles
solitary, axillary, twice '<X9
Ion:; as the leaves ; pe-
tals nuith shorter thaw
the calyx.

Stf-n 2 — 5 feet high, branching, decumbent, supporlirtg itself oA

•niftll giants-; branchcj* altornatc, axillary. Leaves entire, tapering
at ba^c. almost spatl'ulate. reduticles about an inch long, I floucreih-
I<*^avt:3 of the rn/j/.i'. ovate, acute, persistent, /'f^a^ oval, scarcely
one third the leni^tli ot thcjcalyii, wijltc Stamens a^ul capsule about
the length of the calyx.

(irowsin clo*a (iau^p soil*.

Flowers April — June.

3. Canadensis. Per
A.q;1abra; foliis lineari-
snbidatis, carnosis. inter-
nodis lomijioribus; slipu-
lis nienil)ranaceo-conna-
ti^^. vaginaniibns ; stami-i
niJ)ns variuniibiis, (2 — 5);
capsulis ovato-trigonis. —
E.

Pers Syn. pi. 1. p. 504. Parsli
A. rubra, var. b. Mich. 1. p. 27

soon.

Glabrous; leaves linear
subulate, carno^c, longer
than the iflteniodes ; sti-
pules menibranacf.'uuri
connate, sliealhiaa; ;, sta-
mens variable, {2 — 5);
sules ovate trigonou?.

l.p.510.

i'l i..

J

520

DECANDIIIA TRIGYNIA.

Annual. Stem 5 — 5 inches long, procumbent and assurgent, suc-i-
eulent, forming small tufts, sometimes solitary. Leaves about an
inch long. Stipules 1 — 2 lines long, with the summit sometimes
lacerate. Flowers axillary, solitary, on short peduncles. Leaves of
the calyx lanceolate, with the margins membranaceous. Petals lan-
ceolate, about as long as the calyx, of a pale flesh colour. Stamens
half as long as the corolla. Styles very short. Stigmas glandular^^
recurved.

This singular plant varies much in the number of its stamens^
Michaux describes the Canadian variety as pentandrous. I have
found it in Carolina uniformly triandrous ; iu Florida Dr. Baldwin
|net with it diandrous.

Grows in brackish marshes, Rantowles.

Flowers April — May.

Leaves subulate linear,
expanding ; peduncles l
flowered, axillary, long ;
petals emarginate, much
longer than the calyx.

4. Glabra. Mich.

A. foliis subulato-li-
nearibus, patulis ; pedun-
culis unifloris, axillaribus,
elongatis ; petalis emar-
ginatis, calyce multo lon-
gioribus. E.

Mich. 1. p. 274. Pursh, 1. p. 318.
Stellaria uniflora, Walt. p. 141.

Stems erect, slender, glabrous, numerous from one root. Leave$.
subulate, slightly connate, much shorter than the internodes. Pedun-
cles as long as the internodes, erect. Leaves of the persistent calyx
rather obtuse. Petals twice or thrice as long as the calyx, distinctly
emarginate, white. Stamens a little longer than the calyx.

Grows in the swamps of the Santee river, from Murray's to Nel-
son's Ferry. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers May.

5. SquARRosA. Mich
A foliis imis squarroso-
imbricatis, canaliculatis,
glabris ; caule nudiuscu-
lo ; paniculis paucifloris ;
petalis calyce obtuso mul-
to majoribus. Mich. l.
p. ^73.

Pursh, 1. p. 318.

Ak Garoliniana, Walt^ p. ii^

Lower leaves squarrose
imbricate, channelled, gla-
brous ; stem naked ; pan-
icles few flowered ; petals
much larger than the ob^
tuse calyx.

DECANnHIA TUIO^NIA.

531

Mo<it |»i'»enn'ul. .^^^m C— 10 inches hit^h, much dixMWl near tlic
^a>''. fonniii^ fliirk lulls, hiinpli' towarU tlic summit, pulichcoat,
Lravtn opposite, crowdeil jii\iir tlic base, distant on tht- stem. mjIu-
latc. p\r)aiuliiig, ri;iiil, ;»Uil)rou!5. VauuU ^mall, terminal, vvitli the
bi.inclics u»Micrall\ tjitimouH. Leaves of t'^ cal^j: ovate, rather ob-
tuse, jrlaUrous. J'ttala much loiiger than tiic calyx, obovatc. white.
^Vanf-ws nearly as lui)'4 Hs the petals. Styles with the germ as loog
as ttio stamen-^. C'lpsuU ovate, Ioniser than tJ\e calyx.

(irows ou (he tirv sand hills iu the middle country.

Flowers April — J iie.

Gla')if)us ; loaves sub'
ulatit linear, ei eel : pan-
icle Tew llowered ; petals
much tonger t'an the a^
cute ami streaked Cdiyx.

e. SriiiCTA. Midi.

A. glal-ia ; Ibliis suI)U-
iato-iincuiiiuis. ereclis ;
paniiula paueitiora; pcta-
lis c.ilycc acutis>inK) stri-
atoquo imilto longioribus.
31ich. 1. p. ;i74.

Pursh, 1. p. 318.

Itoot perennial. Stems clustered, erect, 4 — G iti^iics high. L^avti ^
iniue linear than in the precedin;^ species, erect, and not so much
crowded near the base. Leaves of the calijji: very acute, conspiotf-
oualv streaked or nerved. Capsule shorter r t-iaii the calyx*

Fouiid by Mr. Lyon, on tlie mountains ot Carolinai

Flowers Mav— June. Pursh.

BRUNNICHI L Gf.n. pi. 777.

Calif.v I leaved, wlicn
old coriaceous, aiigh- ', 5
cl'.-ft. Cuvolla 0. r<7;;.
sill/' superior, i celled, h
seeded.

Cnltfx i-phyllus, de-
ininn coriaeciiH, aii2;ula-
tus. 5-lidu6. Corolla 0.
Cupsnla supeia, i-locuia-
ris, i-.s^)cvrna.

1. Ciaiiuosv.

Micli. 1. p. £71. Purshx I. p. 27:.
Kajaiiia ovata, Walt- p. 247.

A perennial plant, climbinp; over shrubs and sanall trees. Stem an-
:»lcd. Leaves alt.'rnatc, co.date, acute, entire, glal^rous, on s' rt
petioles. Floictrs in terminal panicles, penerailj turniii)^ to ooc
side oi tlie b-.anches of the panicle, |E;rowin;^ in .. all 'liisteii
{3 — •!) from each bud. liractea small, ovate, lu-rrmatc, vorsis-
tent, protecting each bud Segments of tht; talyv uval. Stamens

fsd

DFCANDRIA TBTRAGYNIA.

generally 10, sometimes 8, rather longer tiian the calyx. Stifle's
as long as the stamens. Capsule generally 4 angled, clothed t y'llie

I ►ersistent, ventricose, almost woody calyx, and supported by'adi-
ated, curved peduncle.

'Uie ensiform peduncle, so uncommon and remarkable in this plants
is almost simple in the flower, but dilates with the progressive ma-
turity of the fruit.

Grows at Fort Barrington, on the Alatamaha; Mr. Lyon. Louiant
ville. Georgia: Mr. Jackson. Carolina} Walt.
Fiowers April — May.

TETRAGYill

MICROPETALUM. P^aisooN.

Calyx 5-|)hyllus, pa-
tens Petola 5, minuta,
inttfgra, vel nulla. >^tig-
m</t(i, %sessi\i2L. Capsu-
in ovata, calyce loiigior,
4-valvis.

1. Lanuginosum.

M. dense pubescens ;
foliis lanceolatis, in peti-
olum angustatis ; pedun-
culis subsolitariis, elonga-
tis, denum leflexis ; flo-
rioiis apetiilis. Mich.

Pursh, 1. p.3l9

Spergulastrum lanuginosum, Mich. l.p. 275.

Gn)ws in the mountains of Virginia and Carolina
FiowefB June — July. JPursh*

Calyx 5 leaved, ex.
pan ding. Petals 5, mi-
nute, entire or wantiitg.
stigmas 4, sessile. ( '«/?.
sule ovate, longer than
the cal>x, 4 valved.

Closely pubescent ;
leaves lanceolate, taper-
ing to a petiole ; pedun-
cles generally solitary,
long, finally reflected j
flowers without petals.

4)ECANnniA PENTAGYNIA.

diS

PEyrAdVxri.

SPRUGULA. Gln. pl. 708.

Calyx ;3 leaved Pf*^
fals 5, entire. C'lp^nle
(j\atc, 1 celled,;! vaivt;d.

Cnlifx S-phyllus. Pe
tnia ij, inteiiCJ'JU Ciipmla
ovatu, i-loculaiis, 5-va|.
vis.

1. Arvensis.
S foljislilifoimibus. ver-
li« illatis ; paiiicula dielio-
tiMna; |)ediuieulis iVucti-
fciis refiexis ; seminibus
reiiilonnihus. Sp. pi. '^,
p. 8 18

Walt p. 241. Pursh, I. p. 320.

Annual Stem erect, 2 feet high, glabrous. Leaves numerotis at
eacii joint, generally shorter than tlie internodes Panicle dichoto-
miiiis. witli a llower in each division 1 urulla s\hite. ratlie lon'^er
th.m the calyx. CnpSule nearly twic a> long as t'le r;il_NX.

(trows in cultivated uirounds, in oatfields uut uncoinmun.
otic becoming niifurali/.ed. ^

Flowers April — May.

I^eaves filiform, verti-
cillate ; pani<:le di<'h >to-
inous ; peduncles n'flet;t-
rd when in fruit j seedfi
reniform.

An ex»

2. Dkcumbens E.

S. foliis lineari-sul)ula-
tis, oppositis, •j;labiis ;
p* (luncwlis axillaribus.so-
lilariis, loliis paulo longi-
oribiis ; floribus decaii-
dris ; caulc decunibente.
E.

S. nodosa, NVult. p. 241.
S. saginuides, Mich. 1 p. 276.

Annual. Stem bianchin;:. 1 — .1
Hjse by a locmbranc. Fednnci^

Leaves linear subulate,
opposite, glabrous ; pe-
duncles axillary, solitary,
a little longer than the
leaves ; flowers dcr.an-
droua ; stem decumbent.

Pursh, 1 p. 320.

inr!if8 lonn. leaves connected aft
ii — 4 lines lunu. Jilo^rers ere^f.

i^94

Dt^CANDRTA TENTAGYiriA."

Calyx persistent. Petals oblong, obtuse, a little lon5;er than the c.i-
Jyx, closing in the evening, thickened at base, persistent. Stamens
as long: as the calyx, inserted at the base of the germ. Styles very
short or 0. Stigvias glandular, expanding. Seed very small, under
a strong microscope appearing a little rough.

Grows ill fiehis and pastures. Very common.

Flowers March — April.

CERASTIUM. Grn. pl. 797.

Calyx 5-phy)lus. Pe-
tala 5, bifida aiit emargi*
iiata. Capsida i-lociila-
ris, apice dentalim dehis-
ccns.

1. Vise 0 SUM.

C. hiisutun), viscosiim,
difFusum ; foliis lanceo-
Jato-obiongis, obtusiuscu-

]is ; petalis obovatis,

ca-

lyce vix longioribus ; llo-
ribus pedimculo breviori-
bus.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 812. Pursh, 1. p.

Grows in pastures and on old
Pursh. •

Flowers May —September.

Calpx cleaved. Petals
5, 2 cleft or emarginate.
Capsule I celled, opening
and toothed at the suhu
mit.

Hirsute, viscous, diiTase 5.
leaves oblong, lanceolate;
rather obtuse ; petals o.
bovate, scarcely longer
than the calyx ; flowers
shorter than the pedun-
cle.

520.
wallsj from Canada tff Carolinfit-

2. Hip.suTUM. Muhl. Cat.

Very hairy ; leaves
oval, obtuse, connate ;
flowers clustered ; petals
'^ cleft, a little longer than;
the acute calyx.

C. hirsutissinium ; foliis
ovalibus, obtusis, conna
lis ; floribus glomeratis ;
petalis bifidis, catyce acu-
to paulo longioribus.

€. semidecandrum, Walt. p. 241.

Stem procumbent, branching, fistulous. Leaves very obtuse, some-
times obovatc, obscurely nerved. Flouers in terminal clustei's-rone in
each division of a very dichotomous panicle. Calyx persistent, witli
the interior margins membranaceous. Petals oblong, expanding,
white, twice as long as the stamens, ^tampas unequal, the short
ones opposite to- the long ores, alternating with the petals, all insert-

1)H*AX1)RI.\. VENTAU^NfjL.

Jf^^

eil at l\w. base nf the ^fiin. Sh/lea very short. Stifcma-i u;laTi(liilar.
.Stetl* olxivale, iniiriratc, attacla-tl iti fivo rows to a coutral rcccytaclE%

Gfo\v.< in ilinip sniU. N'crv common.

FIowcis Miicli — Miiv.

OXALIS. GcN. I'L. 7U r.

Cdh/x 5 leaved. Pe^-
tals connected by claws.
ISffu.'wns unequal, 5 extc*
rior shorter, connate at
hjisc. Capsule opening
clastically at the angles.

- Leaves ternate ; scap&
manij Jluwcvcd,

Steniless ; sc:vpe unu
belUfeious, lloAvers nod-
din"; ; leaves ternate, ob-
cordate, glabrous ; styles
shorter than the stamens,
recurved.

Mich. 2.p. 39. Pursh, I. p. 322v

Itnot bulbous; bulbs ctiuposed of ovate, 3 ribbe«l,ciliatc scales, en-
dosin;; in the centre a transparent cnrciilnui. f^itein 0. Pptiolea pro-
c<?crting f'rnin betui'cn the scales of the bulb. Leaves doited, fre-
cjucntly discofourcd. Vmbels 4 — d flowered, several growinj; tTor!>
orip root. Lea; OS of tlie cahj.v lanceolate, oi)tusc, marked at their
summits by a deleft, oran<;P-col(»ured gland. Pi-tni'i obovate, violet-
colrmred, sometimes slifjhtlv '•mar;;inate. *?///»'.« about half as long
as tlie 'itaml■ll^. ■^'ti;;)itas '2 cleft, lUe divisions somewhat globose.

Grows in rich, clo^e soils.

Flowers March — Mav, and sometimes in the autuntn.

Calff.v .'j.phyllus. 7V-
fnln inii;uil)us conncxa.
Stomina in.T([ualia, 3 i)re-
viora cxtcriora, basi con-
iiata. Capsiila angulis e-
lasiice dehisccns.

* Foliis tevnath; scapo
m nil if or 0.

\. VlOLACKA.

O. acaulis ; scapo um-
bcllifcro, floribns nutanii-
bus : Ibliis ternatis, ob-
cordatis, glahris ; stylis
ft;v;dnibus brevioribus,
rcuurvis.

tSp. pl. 2. p. 76G. Walt. p. 113

** Cnufe.'^crnfes ; foliis [ *^- JHth stilus ; leaves
ternatis. obcordatis.

2. CORMCULATA.

(). pubesccns : caule

prostrato ; uinbcilis pcli-
61 OS subaequanlibus ; pc-

tcrnatc, obcordate.

Pubescent ; stem pros-
trate ; urnl)els as Ions; as
the petioles 3 pcuds obo-

J96

dfcandria pentagynia*

stigmas

talis obovatis, Isevissime vate, slightly emarg;inate ;

eniarginatis ; styiis loiigi- styles as lon^ as the in-

tudine staminum inteiio- terior stamens

rum ; stigmatibus obtusis obtuse.
E.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 800. Mich. 2. p. S9. Pursh, 1. p. 322.

Stem branching, prostrate, creeping. Leaves glabrous on the upper
surface, hairy underneath, ciliate. Umbels axillary, sometimes S
flowered. Leaves of the ca/z/a: erect, obtuse, ciliate. CordUt ?,nm\\er
than in any other of our species, twice as long as the calyx. Interior
stamens as long as the calyx.

Grows around Charleston in great abundance j is readily known
by its prostrate habit.

Flowers February — June.

3. Recurva. E.

O.pilosa; caule erecto ;
umbellis folia superanti-
bus ; petalis obtusis ; sta-
minibus calyce longiori-
bus ; styiis brevissimis,
reeurvis; stigmatibus sim-
Xjlicibus. E.

Hairy ; stem erect ^
umbels longer than the
leaves ; petals obtuse ;
stamens longer than the
calyx ; styles very short,
recurved ; stigmas sim-
ple.

Root perennial ? fibrous, creeping. Stem erect, 4—8 inches highj
rarely branching. Leaves, as in most of our caulescent species, altera-
nate near the base of the stem, in verticillate clusters, where it begins
to bear flowers ; Leaflets deeply obcordate, hairy along the margin and
on the under surface. Umbels axillary, opposite and verticilla e^
2 — 6 flowered. Petals obovate, twice or three times as Joni; as the
calyx* Stamens all longer than the calyx. Styles not half as long
as toe shorter stamens, recurved, pr(»jecting between the filaments.

Grows in cultivated land. Very common near Charleston, inter-
mingled with the O. stricta, with which it has been confounded.

Flowers April — May.

4. Stricta.

O. pilosa ; caule erec-
to, raiHOSO ; umbellis pe-
ticlis longioribus ; peta-
lis obovatis ; styiis longi-
tudine staminum inteiio-
rum.

8p. pi. £. p. 800. Walt. p. 14S.

Hairy ; stem erect,
branching; umbels longer
than the petioles ; petals
obovate ; styles as
as the interior stamens*

ong

Mich. 2. p. 39^ Pwrsh, 1. p. 52^,

urrANDRTA rENTAGVNIA.

SS.'Y

Verv rlosolr alliiMl to the prorodin;; sprr'u's in appearance ani
haliit ' I'liihels ver\ j^oiiprally lontiei tlian the petioles, 2 — (> and ft
llo'.»ir«l. /'♦'fa/s obovatc. Kcnnallv entire.

tirowg in light soils. Very common.

Flowers March — May.

5. FuRTArA. E.

O pilosissima ; caulc
en cto, ramoso ; pctalis
sul»rniari!;inatis ; stylis
longit inline stamiiuini iii-
tciiorimi ; stigiualibus
fujcatis. E.

Very hairy; stem erect,
l)raii(:irmii; ; petals slii:;lit-
ly cinari;inate ; styles as
loni; as the interior sta-
mens ; stigmas forked.

Runt perennial, creeping. Stem 5 — G inches high, branchinj^ at the
base. Leaves frequently by pairs ; /co/ff/s hairy alonju; the marjjia
and on the un»ler surface. Utitbfls solitary, one between each pair
of leaves, fre(|uently 2, sometimes 4 — 6 flowered, longer than the
leaves. Pttals obovate, very sliu;litly eniarginate. 3 times as lonLc as
the calyx. Stamens united to the miildlc of the filaments. Styles
Tarying a little in length, but generally al)ii:it as lonj; as the interior
stamens. Stiginas thickened, '2 cleft or forked. Capsule 5 annled,
5 celled, mucronate, thickly clothed with horizontal hairs, iteeds
many, ovate, attached to the central receptacle.

1 have sometimes supposed that tliis may have been the original
0. Uillenii, a species which I believe it will be difficult to identify.
None of our species of Oxalis, tiiat I have seen are strictly a»d uni-
formly biflorous, no one has petals conspicuously emarginate We
possess probably many species not yet described, for no genus is more
extensively difl'used over our country than the Oxalis, nor can be
foun ; in a greater variety of soils. Two species I have j|ct«rmined
b\ « iiaracters that appear to me permanent, but ill health through two
suictsbive springs nas prevented me from continuing the investiga*-
ti«(n.

Grows in close soils.

Flowers March — May.

C Lyoni Pursh.

O. sericeo-pilosa; caule
janioso, decumbente; |)e-
diMiculis hifloris, petiolis
I ri^iorihus ; foliis terna-
tis. l)iloljo-obcordutis ; la-
ciniis rotiindatis, divari-
Cjitis 3 pctuiis cunealis -,

Covered with silken

hairs ; stem branching;,
decumbent ; peduncles 2
flowered, lonjijer than the
petioles ; leaves ternate,
olui^rdate, z lobed ; seg-
ments round, divaricate;

0§8

•DBCANDIilA PENTAGINIA.

capsulis tomeiUosis, ca-
lyce lanceolato duplo lon-
gioribus. Pursb, l . p. 3^:3.

petals cuneate ; capsuleg
toinentose, twice as long
as the lanceolate calvx.

The same remark will apply here wliich was «iade rospcctiQ<» 0.
Dillcnii. It will be difficult to identify <his species. It iuis no char-
acter to distinguish it from the O. stricta, exce])t its biiiorous umbelj^
•■^vhich is probably an inconstant feature.

Grows in Cumberland. Described f. om sp6ciiTi«i« in the herbariuir*
of the late Mr. Lyon.

Flowers Mfiy — June,

PENTHORUM. Gcn. pl. 790.

Calyx 5 cleft. Petals 9.,
or 5. Capsule ft pointed,
5 celled.

Stem branching, angled
above ; leaves lanceolate,
nearly sessile, doubly ser-
rate ; spikes simple, se-
cund, recurved, panicledj
seeds scrobiform.

Calyx 5-fidus. Peiala
thaut 5. Capsula 3-cus
pidata, 5-1 ocularis.

1. Sedoides.

P. caule ramoso, su-
perne angulato ; foliis
lanceolatis, subsessilibus,
duplicato-serratis ; spicis
simplicibus, secundis, re-
€urvis, paniculatis ; semi-
nibus scrobiformibus.

6p. pl. 2. p. 770. Walt. p. 241. Mich. 1. p. 278. Pursh, 1. p. S23.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high, terete near the base, sprinkled with glandular
liairs. Leaves alternate, glabrous, Flon-ers in terminal panicles,
the spikes generally alternate, sometimes clustered. Culya^ persis-
tent; the segments ovate, serrate, expanding. Corolla generally
wanting. Stamens longer than the calyx, inserted at the base of the.
germ. Germ superior, depressed in the centre, with tiie margin di-.
Tided into 5 pistilliferous summits. Htyles as long as the stamenSj
.persistent.

Grows in wet places, ponds, ditches, &lg.

FJowers June — September^

SEDUM. Gen. pl. 789.

Calyx .5-fidus. Petala
6. Squamsenectariferse .5
ad basin germinis, Cap-
%ul(e 5*

Calyx 5 cleft. Petals
5. 5 nectariferous scales
at the base of the genu.
Capsules 5.

nCCANDWIA rENTAG\TJlA,

629

4.V' P''LCHKi LUM, M'n:h.

S. 2;lal)rum : < uuliinis
ftssuri;cntil)us ; Ibliis spar-
sis, lint\jiil)us. ol)tiisis ;
cyiwd polysiiicliyu ; llixi
bus scssililjus, oclandris.

G^al»''nus; stems a«s\ir.
ji;ent ; Icavps scattered,
liiuar. o'nusc ; c>me ma-
ny sj)ike'l ; flowers ses-
*<ile, octandn^us.

Mich. 1. p. err. I'ursli, 1. p. 323.

Lower leavPi ohlonu; oval. Spikes when in flower expandin{»; and
recurved, when bearing fruit erect. Flowers nttaiidrouh, purple
Mich.

<irowg in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Muhlenberg.

Flowers

2. Teunatum. INlicli.

S. repens ; foVus planis,
iolundato-sj)alhulatis,ier-
iiis ; cyma sul)tristacliya ;
lloribiis alhidis.

Creepina; ; leaves flat,
round sputhulate, by
threes ; cyme generally
3 spiked ; flowers white.

Mich. 1. p. 277. Pursh, 1. p. 324.

Plant small, creeping. Lower leaves rounded, the upper lanceolate,
F/ou'ers v\liite, sessile ; the upper or teuninal tloiet decandrous, the
otiiers octandrous.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers May — June.

3. TELEiMiioinES. Mich.

S. foliis lato-lanceola-
tis, utiinque acutis, den-
tatis i corymbis multiflo-
ris.

Leaves broad lanceo.
late, acute at each end,
'Iciitate ; corymbs many
Uusvered.

Mich. L p. 277. Pursh, 1. p. 324.

Stem branching:. leaves alternate, sometimes oval. Coy'imb^ ter-
minal, niany parted, tlie divisi<»ns sitort, forming a compact, almobt
globular corvinb. Corolla pale purple.

(irows on ilie Saluda mountains. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers June — August.

DIAMORPIIA. NuTTALL.
Cr7^/.T4-fidus. Pctala

4, Capsula exteruc de-

T 3

Cahjx A cleit. Petah
4. Capsidt opening ex-

530

DSeANDRlA DECAGYNIA*

hiscens, 4-locularis, cus-
pidata; loculis sub4<-sper-
mis.

ternally, 4 celled, cuspi-
date ; cells generally 4
seeded.

i. PusiLLA. Nuttall, 1. p. 293.

Sedum pusillum, Mich. 1. p. 276. Pursli, 1. p. 323*

Annual. Stem 2 — 4 inches high, succulent. Leaves alternato,
somewhat terete. Cymes trichotomously or verticillately divided
from the base of the stem. Flowers alternate and pedicillate, octan-
drous. white. Capsules 4, connate, with long mucronate diverging
points. Nuttall

Grows on the Flat Rock near Camden^ South-Caroling,

Flowers

DECAGYMJl,

PHYTOLACCA. Gen. pl. 800.

Calyx 0. Petals 5, re?
sembling a calyx. 5^r-
7'?/ superior, IQ celled, 10
seeded.

Leaves ovate lanceo-
late, acute at each end 5
flowers decandrous^ de-
cagynous.

Mich. 1. p. 278. Pursh, l.p.324.

Root large, somewhat fusiform, perennial. Stem annual, 4 — 10 feet
high, terete, glabrous, succulent, sometimes a little angled by the slig4it-
Ij decurrent peduncles and petioles. Leaves alternate, entire, some-
times acuminate, glabrous, glossy on the upper surface. Flowers in
simple racemes, opposite the leaves. Petals ovate, white, persistent.
Stamens nearly as long as the corolla. Anthers white. Germ supe-
rior, orbicular, depressed, furrowed. Styles very short, reflected^
Stigmas obtuse. Berry globular, juicy, dark purple.

Grows in cultivated ground. Very common.

Flowers May— September. " Poke Berry.

Calvxo. Petala 5, C2i'
lycina. Bacca supera, lO-
locularis, lO-sperma.

1. Dt.CANDRA.

p. foliis ovato-lanceo-
lis, utrinque acutis ; flori-
bus decandris, decagynis.

Sp. pl. 2, p. 822. Walt, p 143.

VODECANDRIA MONOCYNIA.

531

CLASS XL

DODKCANDRIA.

001. AS A RUM.

502. BKJARIA.

503. DECUMAKIA.

304. PORTrL\CCAi

305. TALIM M.

D1GTMA.

506. AGRIMONIA,

ASARUM. Gen. pl. 801.

Caliix 3 — 4-fidus, ger-
miiii insidens. Corolla
0. Anthercc lateribus fila-
nicDlonim adnata;. Cap-
sula covoiuita, 6-locularis.

i. C ANA DENSE.

A. foliis lato reniform-
ibus, gcminalis ; calyce
lanato, profunde triparti-
to, laciniis sul)lanceolatis,
reflcxis. Mich. i. p. 279.

Calyx 3 — 4 cleft, sit-
ting on the germ. CoroU
la 0. Anthers attached
to tJie sides of the fila-
ments. Capsule crown-
ed, 0 celled.

Leaves by pairs, broad,
reniform ; calyx woolly,
deeply 3 parted, segments
nearly lanceolate, reflect-
ed.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 838. Pursh, 2. p. 596.
A. Carolinianum, Walt. p. 143.

Boot perennial. Stem 0. Leaven generally 2, hairy, the summit
becoming very obtuse or even emarj^inate with age. Fetiulet long,
very hairy. Peduncles short, 1 flowered. Flower somewhat cam-
panulate.

The leaves appear to vary ia their pubescence.

(ttows in rich, shaded soils.

Flowers April. Wild Ginger.

3^^

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNlAv*

2. VlRGINlCUM.

A. foliis solitariis, ro-
tundato-cordatis, glabris,
coriaceis ; flore subsessi-
li ; calyce extus ^labto,
breviter campaMulato. —
Mich. 1. p. ^79.

Sp. pi. 2 p. 838. Pursh, 2.

Leaves solitary, cot-
date, nearly round, gla-
brous, coriaceous ; flower
nearly sessile ; calyx ex-
ternally glabrous, shorty
campanulate.

2 p. 838. Pursh, 2. p. 597.

Very similar in habit to the preceding; species. Leaves spotted (ft
rather clouded, and handsomely variegated.
Grows in shaded, rocky soils.
Flowers

3. Arifolium. Mich.

A. foliis subhastato-cor-
datis ; calyce urceoiato,
limbo trifido, connive nte,
intus pubescente. E.

Leaves somewhat has'-
tate, cordate ; calyx urce»
olate. with the border 3
cleft, conniving, pubes--
cent within.

Mich. 1. p. 280. Pursh, S*^. 597.
A. Virginicum, Walt. p. 143.

Soot tuberous, creeping, thick. Leaves several from each roofy
generally acute, the youug ones pubescent on the margins and under
surface, variegated. Petioles long, pubescent. Flowers just rising
to the surface of the ground. Calyx dark purple. Filaments 12,
very short. Anthers 2 lobed, linear, attached to the sides of the fila-
ments ; lobes distinct. Germ occupying the bottom of the calyx,
thick, cylindrical, concave at the summit. Styles? six, eiect, at-
tached to the margins of the germs, scarcely longer than the stamens.
6ffigma obliquely truncate, 2 horned. Capsule coriaceous. Seeds
few in each cell, attached to a central receptacle.

This species, which I have most carefully examined, appears to mo
evidently hexagynous.

Grows in fertile, loose soils. Very common*

Flowers March — April.

BEJARIA. Gen. pl. 811.

Calyx 7-fidus. Petala
*f. Stnmi?ia 14. Capsula
7-locularis, polyspenna.

Calyx 7 cleft. Petals
7. Stamens 14. Cap^
side 7 celled, mauy seed-
ed,..

t)ODECANnntA iflONOGTMI^

53»

T.cavrs ovate lanceo-
lat(?, a;lal)rous; flowers ra-
cemose paniculate, termi-
nal ; stem hlspitl.

1, Uackmosa.

TR. foliis ovato-lanceo-
Jatis, tijlalMls ; n()ri!)us ra-
cemoso-paniciilaiis, tcr-
minalibiis : caulc hispi-
clo.

Pnrsh, 2. p. 362.

Befaria paniculata, Mich. I.p. !2S0.

A veiy hanilsome shrul), 3 — I feet higli, erect, branchinjr, hispiit
anil {glutinous. Leaves perennial, alternate, erect, very eniiie, a lit-
tle liispiil on the midrib, glaucous on the under surface. Calyx'
campanulate ; sp;:;nients very short. Flowers lart;e, white, tingeil
with red, in Uma; simple racemes, on peduncles nearly an inch long ;
in vigorous plants the raceme:^ brancli and become paniculate. Petals
obovate. Stamens nearly as long as the petals, tityle persistent-
Capsitlr globular, 7 valved, 7 celled. Mich.

Grows in «lry, sandy soils. Cumberland island, Georgia. In gar-
dens arounil Charleston, where it has been frequently introduced, it
never flourishes.

Flower* June — Jul v.

DECUMARIA. Gen. pl. 81 J.

Cnlif.r ?ii perns, 8 — 12-
tiiUis. 'Prtala 8—15. Cap-
mla 7 — lO-locularis, po-
lyspcrma.

i. B\RnAR\.

1). foliis ovato-ohlon-
2;is, utriiique acutis, of)-
solcte serratis. Wilkl.
enum. p. 5»6.

S'p. pi. 2. p. 850. Pursh, 1. p. 3-28.

Stem climbing. Flowers in corymbose panicles, white, very fra-
grant. Punih.

This species I have never seen. All of the plants and specimens
T have examined belong to the D. sarinentosa.

Grows in Carolina. Pursh.

VI overs July — August".

Calyx superior, 8 — IC
cleft. Petals H — 12. Capm
sub; 7 — 10 celiccl, many
seeded.

Leaves ovate ohronc^,
acute at each end. sliglit-
Iv serrate.

£r34

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Leaves ovate, acute,
rounded at base, serrate
at top.

328,

154.

2. Sarmentosa.

D. foliis ovatis, acutis,
basi rotundatis, apice ser-
ratis. Willd. enum. p.
165.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 850. Pursh, 1 p.
D. Forsythia, Mich. 1. p. 282.
Forsythia scandens, Walt. p.

Stem climbing, throwing out radicles and attaching itself to the
bark of trees, which it ascends to a considerable height. Leaves op-
posite, on long petioles, broad, sometimes acuminate, sprinkled with
hairs on the under surface. Flowers in terminal corymbs. Calyx
turbinate ; segments very minute, acute. Petals much longer than
the calvx, narrow, white. StamettS as long as the corolla, inserted
at the summit of the tube of the calyx. Style short, very thick.
Stigma obtuse angled.

Grows in damp rich soils, along the margin of swamps.

Flowers May — June.

PORTULACCA. Gen. pl. 824.

Calif X 2 cleft. Petals
5. Capsule 1 celled, cir-
cumscissed.

Leaves wedge shaped j
dowsers sessile.

Calyx 2-fidus. Petala
5. Capsula 1-locularis,
circumscissa.

1. Oleracea.

P. foliis cuneiforuiibus;
floribus sessilibus. 8p,
pl. 2. p. 859.

Walt, p, 144. Pursh, 2, p. 365.

Annual. Stem succulent, prostrate, with the summits erect, terete,
branching, very glabrous. Leaves alternate and opposite, obovate^
very obtuse, succulent, dotted, very glabrous, generally of a purple
tinge on the under surface, nearly sessile. Flowers axillary, sessile,
clustered, supported at base by a small membranous leaf. Calyx su-
perior, deeply 2 cleft, persistent, closing after the flower decays ;
the back of the segments compressed, petals obovate, emarginate,
yellow, longer than the calyx, persistent. Stamens 12, shorter than
the corolla. Style as long as the stamens, 5 cleft. Stigmas obtuse,
glandular. 3ee$s numerous, rough, somewhat reniform, unequal at
base.

Grows every where in rich soils ; one of the domestic plants that
appear to accompany man in most climates.

Flowers May— October. Purslane^

UODECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

535

TALINUM. Adanson.

€!nJ!/x infrrus, 2 — 5-
pliyllus. t'rtalu 5. Cap-
snla 1-Iocularis, 3-valvis,
polysperrua. Heccptacu-
liim globosum. Semina
arillata.

i. Tehetifolium.

T ? foliis teictibus, sut)-
ulati?, carnosis ; scapo
cymoso ; floribus pedun-
culatLs, poly and lis ; ca-
lyce diphyllo. Nuttall, ;3.
p. 6.

Pursh, 2. p. 365.

Root perennial, forming small toft'?. Leaves alternate, crowded,
terete, linear, carnosc, glabrous. Scapes f about a foot liigh, some-
what corymbose. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles in the tlivi-
sionsofthe corymb. Calyx 2 leaved. Petals 5, much longer than
the calyx, purple. Stamctu shorter than the corolla. Gi-rm globose.
Styles as lt)ng as the stamens. Stigmas 2 ? Capsule globose, 3 valr-
id. Seeds spiral, involute.

Gro.vs on rocks. Athens, Georgia; Mr. Green.

Cabfx inferior, S — 5
1 raved. Petals 5. Cap-
sule 1 coiled, 3 valved,
many seeded. Receptacle
globose. iSceds arillatc.

Leaves terete, subu-
late, carnosc ; scape cy-
niose ; {lowers on pedun-
cles, polyandrous ; oalyx
2 leaved.

DIGYNIA,

AGRIMONIA. Gen. pl. 830.

Calyx inferus, 5-fidus,
caJyculo obvallatus. Pe-
tala 5. Semina 2, in I'uii-
do calycis.

1. ErPATORlA.

A. hirsuta ; folii^ inter-
ruptc pinnalis j fuiiolis o-

Calyx inferior, 5 cleft,
surrounded with a caly-
clc. Petals 5. Seeds 2,
in the bottom of the calyx.

Hi?'sute; leaves inter-
ruptedly pinnate ; leaflets

^36

1)0DEC\NDRIA DIGYNIA.

vali!)u«, dentais, supra
scabii&=, subtus vi los s ;
spicis virgatis ; IVuctibus
turbinatis, basi l?evibus. —
E.

oval, dentate, scabroua
on the upper, villous on
the lower surl'ace ; sj)ikes
virgate 5 IVuit turbinate,
smooth at base.

Sp.pl 2 p. 875. Mich. 1. p. 287. Pursli, 1. p. 335.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, abojut 2 feet hisjh, hirsute.
Leajlets generally 5 — 7, oval when fully grown, frequently lanceolate
when young, ribbed, sessile and rather obtuse at base, alternating
with small, 3 cleft leaflets. Spikes long, slender, terminal and axilla-
ry, sometimes forming panicles. Flowers on very short peduncles.
Calyx striated at base, thickly surrounded just below tiie border with
tlnck, hooked bristles. Tetals yello>v, oval, twice as long as the calyx.
Stamens 12, shorter than the corolla. Germ superior, surrounded by
the persistent calyx. Styles 2, shorter than the stamens. Stigma^
capitate ; pericarp composed of the tube of the calyx, hispid around
the summit.

Grows in cultivated land. Very common.

Flowers July — .September.

2. SUAVEOLENS? Pui'Sh,

A. caule hispidissimo ;
foliis interrupte pinnatis ;
foliolis plurimis, angusto-
lanccolatis, argute denta-
tis, supra scabris, subtus
pubescentibus ; spicis vir-
gatis ; fructibus turbinatis,
basi isevibus. E.

Stem very hispid ; leaves
interruptedly pinnate ;
leaflets numerous, nar-
row, lanceolate, acutely
dentate, scabrous on the
upper, pubescent on the
under surface ; spikes
virgate ; fruit turbinate^
smooth at base.

Pursh, 1. p. 336.

Stem 4 — 5 feet high, very hispid. Leajlets numerous (11 — 15),
acute at base, with 3 — 5 small leaflets of unequal sizes interposed be-
tween the large ones. Peduncles longer than those of the preceding
species. 6'oroWft yellow, about twice as long as the calyx.

Grows about 6 miles from Charleston ? Collected on the confijiea
of Tennessee and Carolina, by Mr. Jackbon.

JFlowers July— August.

i^SANDRlA MONOGYNU.

637

CLASS XIL

ICOSANDRIA.

MoyoGTjyLi.

317.

sKsrviuM^

318.

A i<iSl\.

►njor. (ACTUS.

319.

PYRUS.

"S08. PHILADKLPHUS.

3-20.

SPIRAEA.

JOO. CHRYS()BALANUS„

?21.

GILI.ENIA.

-310. PRUNUS.

Sll. DECODOX.

POLYGY^^U:

SI a. LY THRUM.

313. CUPIIEA.

322.

RO.SA.

323.

Rl^BUS.

DI-~PE,VTJi G FJVLl,

324.

I)ALlB\Rn4;.

325.

GEUM.

314. FOTHERGILLA..

326.

POTENTII,L.\,

•3 1 J. CRATAEGUS.

327.

FKAGARIA

316. SORBUS.

328.

CALYCANTHIS?,
• •• t

CACTUS. Gen. pl.

^ahjx supeius, mono-
phyllus, inihricatus. Pc-
tala pliiiiina, mulliplici
serie inserta. Stigma
multifidiini. Bacca i-lo-
cularis, polysperma.

1. Opunfia.

C. articulato-prolifer ;
arliculis compressis, obo-
vatis ; spinis setaceis. —
Sp. pl. 2. p. 943.

Cabjx superior, monor
pliyllous. imbricate. Pe-
tals numerous, inserted
in several rows. Stig-
ma many cleft. Berry i
celled, many seeded.

Articulately proliferous;
articulations comprcssod^
ol^ovatc ; spines setaccr
ous.

Walt. p. 146. Mich. I. p. 282. Pursh. 1. p. 327. Nutt. 1. p. 29G.

Plant p<'rennial, erect, procumbent or prostrate ; articul. tinns |)ro.-
duciDC on their niargins flowcra, iVuit, and new articulations. arintMl
Nvith double spines, some long, subulate, strong, hairy at their ba>c,
others very small and setaceous. Fluwfrs sessile, vcllow. Fniit
obovate, umbilicatc, pulpy, eatable. Sends uumerouj, immersed in
the crimson pulp.

It is probable that there are now three di'itinct species on the sea
i^.st of the Southern States covered un-icr thrs nainc. T^ the 3U0-

V 3

^S6

leOSANDRIA MONOGYVJA.

plement to this work, if I should be permitted to complete it, tli* in-
ciuiiy sliall be resumed.

Grows in sandy soils.

Flowers through the summer.

PHIL/VDELPHUS. Gen.pl.810 Bot. Mag. 1478.

Califx superior, 4 — B

parted. Petals 4- -.5*

Style 4 cleft. Capsule

4 — 5 celled, many seed-

[ ed.

Leaves ovate, acumi-

nate, entire

segments

Calyx superus, 4 — 5-
partitus, Pt^tala 4 — n.
tStiftus 4-fidus. apsida
4 — 5-locularis, poiysper-
nia.

1. Inodorus.

P. foliis ovatis, acumi
natis, inte?;eriimis ; caly-
cis laciniis acutis ; stylo
staminibus longiore, indi-
viso ; sti|2;matihu8 qua-
tuor, oblongis. Pursli, 1.
p. 3^y.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 948. Walt. p. 146.

A handsome shrub. Leaves very entire, strongly veined,
an short lateral branches, terminal, generally by threes
large, white.

This species is certainly rare. No botanist has lately seen it in
our woods, nor have 1 been able to discover a specime-n of it in the
various collections of dried plants which have passed under my in-
spection.

Grows along the margins of rivers in Carolina. Catesby, Pursh.'

Flowers

of the calyx acute ; style
undivided, longer tlian
the stamens ; stigmas %-
oblong.

Flowers
Corolla

2. Grandiflorus. Willd.

P. foliis ovatis, acumi-
natis, denticuLitis, parce
pilosis ; calycis laciniis
acuminatis ; stylo stami-
nibus longiore, iudiviso ;
stigmatibus quatuor, li-
nearibus. Willd. Enum.
511.

Pursh, 1. p. 329.

P. iaodorus. Mich, 1. p, 383*

Leaves ovate, acumi*
nate, denticulate, a little
hairy ; segments of the
calyx acuminate ; style
undivided, longer thaa
the stamens 5 stigmas 4'*
linear.

ICOSAKDRIA MOVOGWIA.

630

A dtirub-e — 10 feet hi'^h, tl»e voung biaiiches long aid flexible : the
^o'ver-lH'arine branches short, rittid ; all j;labrous and sli^iiti) angled.
i^ntifn opp«»hite, on »lw»rt |)«tioleb. stroii|;iy veined, hairy on both
:iurf4cet, very Uairy on t!ie under nurface at tl»o division ol the veins.
Fincfvs terminal, neneraJiy by threes, ialyx persistent, the mar-
gins finely viMi»us. i'uroUa white, lar-^e, twice as long as the htamens.

A very ornamiMiful plant, (imws alon^ thi* margniH *>f the riven
in 'he upper part of Cj.yrgU and Caioiiiuu Ne*r Columbia common J
51r llerltemt'Mt.

Flowers April — May.

CHRYSOBALANUS. Gen. pl. 850.

C^/j/j irjftM'us.coiupan-
Shjlus lateralis. iJrujuc
nux .5-sulcuta, 5-valvis,
l-sperma.

I OBLoNt.IFOUr?.

Calif.r inffM'ior, ram-
panulatc. 5 cleft. /V/a/s
i'}. ^tijlf lateral. Nut
of the drupe 5 furrowed,
.3 valved, i seeded.
Mich.

C> foliis ()ltl()n2;() Ian • Leaves oblong lanceo.

late, cuncale at base, en-
tire, glabrous aud shining;
(1. ) we IS paniculate ; fruit

oblong.

ceolatis, basi cuncatis, in.
tejrerrinjis. glal)ri8 niti-
di*;que ; floiibus |)anicu-
Jaiis ; fructil)us oliongis.
E.

Mich. 1. p. 283. Purah, 1. p. 329.

Root creepin:^ extenkively. Stem shrubby, 1 — 2 feet hi-rh, ^ith few
branches. Leaven sessile, strongly veined, :loss\ , paler on tf un-
der surlace. Flowers in terminal panicles, small, whitt. {Stamens
glabrous Micii.)

Micfiaux observs that it varies with tlie leaves wo<»lly and hoary
on the under surface. All that I have seen have bten very ujlabrous.
The fruit I have never seen.

Grows near Fort Barrington on the Alatamaha. Near Louisville,
Georgia. Mr. Jarkson.

Flower:. May — June.

PRUNUS. Gen. pl. 849.

CaJjfx inferus, carn-
panulatus, rj-lidus, deci-
duns. Prtalfi .s. Driipcr
la* vis nux euiuris pronii-

QUlls.

Caljix inferior, com-
paiiulalo, o cleft, decidu.
ous. Pet ah n. Nut of
the smooth dvnpc wiih
proiniueul sutuies.

^^40

YCOSANDRIA M(f!?OCV!JlA.

I. Caroliniana.

P. floribus racemosis ;
foliis sempervirentibus,
oblongo-lanceolatis, mu-
€r(3riatis, serratis integer-
rii I •isqiie, eglandulosis, lu-

Flowers in racemes;
leaves perennial, oblong
lancejolate, raucronatej-
serrate and entire, with-
out glands, lucid.

Sp. pl2. p987 Porsh, l.p. 350,
P Lusitanica, Walt p. 146.
Cerasus Virginiana, Mich. 1. p. 28^.

One of oar most ornamental trees, growing from 30 — 50 feet high,
and forming very regular oval heads ; branches smooth. Jjeaves
slightly acuminate, very frequently entire, glabrous, somewhat coria*
ceous liflcemps axillary. Pe«?Mncies glabrous. Ca /j/.m early white j*
segments acute, erect. Petals obovate, white. Stamens about 15>.,
more than twice as long as the corolla, Drupe black, juiceless, per--
sisient.

Ttie leaves of this tree are very poisonous, and frequently in the
spring of the year destroy cattle that are tempted to browse freely on
tnem.

Grows near Columbia, on the margin of the river. On the isIanxiV
near Beaufort, generally along. tUeir margins.

Flowers March — April.

rlowevs in racemes ;
racemes erect ; leaves
deciduous, oval oblong,
acuminate, unequally and
doubly serrate, glabrous
on both surfaces ; peti-
oles with 4 glandsr

S. Virginiana.

P. floribus racemosis ;
racemis erectis ; foliis
deciduis, ovali-oblongis,
acuminatis, insequaliter
duplicato serratis, utrin-
que glabris ; petiolis sub-
quadriglandulosis. Pursh
1. p. 32J9.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 985. Walt. p. 146.
Cerasus Virginiana, Mich. 1. p. 285.

A tree sometimes attaining the height of 50 or 60 feet, branches-
i^mooth and(slcnder. Leaves very smooth, somewhat lucid. Racemes
straight when young. Petals nearly round, white. Berries dafJc
red, eatable.

The wood of this tree is one O'f (hHJ tf?§t \V^ plffSS'e^S fOT c'iBinfct'
work and articles of furnitpre*

Grows in very rich ffCfi^".

Plo\v(jbL.Apr{n

ICOSANDRIA >IONOGYNIA%

(>)|1

3. SerO'una.

p. florituis raccmosis ;
racemis laxis ; Ibliis de-
ciduis, siiiiplicitcr scrra-
tis.senatuiis infimis sul)-
glindulosis ; costa media
bat^in versus barbata.

Flowers in racemes ; ra»
cenies pendulous ; leaves
deciduous, simply ser-
rate, the lower serratures
somewhat glandular ; the
midrib bearded near tlio
base.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 986. Pursh, 1. p. 330.
Tliis resembles the precedinu; species very much, but Is distinguish*
«d by ilrt pendulous racemes, and the bearded midrib of the le^if.
Grows in mountain forests.
Flowers

4. HiRSUTUS. E.

p. floiibus racemosis ;
/aremia rectis ; loliis de-
ciduJs, ovalibus, scrrula-
lis, eglandulosis } sul)tus
cum calycibus, peduncu-
lis petiolisque hirsutis. E.

Flowers m racemes;
racemes straight ; leaves
deciduous, oval, serru-
late, without glands ? tho
under surface, with the-
calyx, peduncles and pc».
tioles hirsute.

Cerasus Virginiana, var. humilior ? Mich. I. p. 285.

A shrub 3 — 4 feet high, stoloniferoiis ; the younj^ brnnchea pubes*.
cent or hirsute. leaves oval, somrtinu-s slightly acuniinute, glabrous
on the upper surface, hairy on tlie under, particularly aloii^ the mid-
rib, flflceme.*; erect and straight. i*7oufrs small. //frriVj* dark red.

To tlie P. Virginiana this plant appears to have very little affinity
cscepting in its fruit. Its berries were said by Seaborn Jonc«, Esq.
in whose garden at Brier Creek 1 saw it cultivated, to bo supexior io
b'ize and llavour to t!ie P. Virginiana.

Grows in tlie counties of Burke and Screven, Georgia..

Flowers April,

5. UmdelLlAta. E.

P. umbellis terminali-
bus.multirtoris; Ibliis lan-
ceolatis, paulo acumina-
tis, serrulatis, glabris, ba-
si biglandulosis ; calyci-
bus pubescentibus. E.

?. fminiri, Walt. p. 14(7.

Umbels terminal, many
flowered : leaves lanceo-
late, slightly acuminate,
serrulate, glabrous, with
two glands at base ; ealy^.
pubescent*

5'4S

ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

A small tree, with expanding geniculate branches. forming a compact
round head; branches glabrous, pujple, spiny, the spines bearing
leaves. Leaves short, generally witl) a slight acumination. Flowers
in fascicles, terminating the rigid lateral brandies. Ffdunclea about
an inch long. Segments of the calyx slightly cleft at the summit.
Petals nearly round, white. Fruit small, spherical, red. '

The truit, when ripe, varies frequently in colour. It is pleasantly
acid, and is employed in preserves.

To the P. Pennsylvanica this plant has great affinity, yet it appears
to differ in several points. Its leaves are proportionally much shorter
and more finely serrulate. Its umbels are never elongated, and its.
flowers always expand and fall before the leaves unfold.

Grows in very dry. sandy soils.

Flowers March. Ripens ita fruit in July and August.

Flowers fasciculate,
lateral fascicles sessile ;
leaves narrow lanceolate,
serrulate ; branches spiny,
dabrous.

6. Chicasa. Mich.

P. floribus fasciculatis,
lateralibiis fasciculis ses-
silibus ; foliis angiisto-
ianceolatis, serrulatis; ra-
mis spinescentibus, gia-
bris. K.

Mich. 1. p. 284. Pursh, I. p. 332.
P. insititia, Walt. 146 f

A small tree 10 — 15 feet high, with branches geniculate, expand*
iig, crowded, forming a compact head. Leaves on short petioles^
generally acute, silabrous. Flowers in aggregated clusters, 5— -4 in
each cluster, on peduncles about half an inch long ; clusters sessile.
Calyx glabrous, with the segments sliglitly ciliate. Corolla white.
Sntherb 12 — 18, as long as the corolla. F^uit globular, red or yeU
Tow.

This plant is singularly domestic, following man in this climate
wherever he extends his settlements, and growing without care in all
cultivated high lands. It is found in all the old Indian settlements,
and, according to their traditions, is said to have been brought by them
from the western side of the Mississipi. The fruit, like that of most
cultivated species, varies much, and some of its varieties are good.

Grows in all soils excepting those which are frequently inundated/

Flowers March.

7. HiEMAus. Mich.

P arborea ; stipulis se-
tacco-coivjpositis ; foliis
ovalibus obovatisque, ab-
rupte promjssequc acu-

Arborescent ; stipules
setaceous, compound ;
leaves oval and obovate,
abruptly and conspicu-

ICOSANHRIA MONOCYNlAi,

34£

niiftly acuminato ; pcfli-
ccls agt!;icgatr, ji;lal)i(>us;
segments -of the culyx
lanceolate ; fruit nearly
ovate.

ininalis ; pcdicillis a2;2;rc-
gaii**, jx;lal)iis ; calycis la-
clniis lanccolatis ; IVuctu
sul)ovato. 31icli. l. p.
Sal

I*, spinosa, Walt p. 1-16 ?

A small tree 15—20 feet his;lNwith lonj;, flexible, vir;»ate branches.
Lfares strotiijly acumiiia'e. Fruit ije»erally »'»litary, lar^e, ovalj
austere, with an uncommonly thick aii<l tou^h skin.

Thir* description is taken from what is commonly calK-d the winter
plum in our low country, alth(nju;h it really ripens in July uikI August.
Thi>> is undoubtcilly tlie P spinosa of ^^ alter, and I have alwavs sup-
po)»ed it to be tlie P. wstivalis of Michanx. I'ursh, howevor. has
transferred the name and description uf Michaux tu a very ditfcredt
species.

Grows in swamps, particularly along the large rivers^

Floweri March — April.

Peduncles prcnerally
solitary ; leaves ovate ol)-
loni?,
serrate.

acuniiriate, doubly

8. M\UITI\IA.

P. pcdunculis snbsoli-
tarirs; loliis ovato-oblon-
gis, acuminatis, duplica-
to serratis. Willd.cnuni.
519.

Parsh, 1. p. 332.

Fruit the sixe of pigeon's egg. very gocxl to eat. Pursh

There is some confusion in these species which I am not able to
explain. Pursh's description of this appears to apply to our winter
plumb described above ; yet if that is the plant really meant by \N ill-
denow, it is wron:;;ly named, for it is not a maritime species.

(irows on the sea coast, from NowJersey to Caiolino. Pursh.

Flowers

DEf OI)OX. Gmelin.

Cali/x canipanulatus,
iO-dentatus. 5 longiori
bus, patenlibus demuin
iucurvis Pdula undu-
lata. iStamiria lO, quo-
ruin 5 lonsjissirna. Cap-
vila a-loculaiifi, tj.>ijviij.

Culifx caiTipannlate, 10
toothed, ."» lonuei*. expan-
dini;, linally inflected Pc
tdls undulate, ^tnmms
M), 5 very lonp;. Ci.psulc
3 t tiled, 3 waived.

544^

ICOSANDRIA MOKOGVNLA^

i. Verticfllatum.

Ljthrum verticillatum, Sp. pi. 2. p. 66.

1. p. 534. Nuttall Gen. 1. p. 208.
Anonjmos aquatic, Walt, p 137.

Mich. l.p> 281. Pui'-Si';

Hooi perennial. Stem herbaceous or SuftVuticose, 3 — 4 feet high,
recurved, sometimes taking root at the extremities, pubescent. Leaves
opposite and alternate, soiaetimes bj threes, lanceolate, acute, entire,
a little hairy on the upper surface, soft and tomentose undwneath.
Tetioles short. Flowers in short, biternate ^ axillary panicles, so near-
ly sessile that they resemble a verticill. Calyx 10 toothed, the five
long subulate teeth project before the flower expands, then benci in j
the five broad, short teeth that cover the flower during its infancy ex--
tjand with it. Petals clawed, somewhat lanceolate, three times as
long as the subulate teeth, at the base of which they are inserted into
the calyx. Filaments, 5 inserted at the base of the short segment^
of the calyx, twice as long as the corolla ; 5 below the base of the
petals, incurved, scarcely longer than the calyx Anthers nearlj
round, twin, incumbent. Germ superior, ovate. Style nearly as
Oong as the long filaments. Stigma obtuse. Capsule ovate, some-
■what 3 angled, smooth. Seeds many, angled, ovate, attached to a cen-
tral receptacle.

Grows in springy spongy soils.

Flowers August — September

This plant differs so much in its appearance from every species Cff
Ly thrum which I have seen, and possesses so many peculiaritl"s in
the structure of its flowers and capsule, that, with Walter, 1 think it
will be correct to separate it from that genus.

LYTHRUM. Gen. pl. 8S5.

Calyx iubwlosus, 6 — 12-
dentatus. Petala 6, ae-
qualia, calyci inserta.
Capsida supera, i3-locu-
iaris, polysperma. fSta-
mina 2, b, 8, 10, 12.)
1, Lanceolatum. E
L. caule virgatim pan-
iculato ; foliis lanceolatis,
inferioribus oppositis, su-
perioribus subalternis ;
floiibus solitanis, axilla-
ribus, hexandris. E.

I drous.

X^. virgatum, Walt. p. 120. Pyrsh, 1. p. 3J4i

Calyx tubular, 6 — i^
toothed. Petals 6^ eoual,,
inserted on the calyx.,
Capsule superior, 2-' di-
ed, many seeded (Sta-
mens -^, 6, 8, 10, 12.)

Stem terminating in vir-
gate panicles ; leaves lan-
ceolate, the lower ones
opposite, the upper gi^u-
erally alternate : flowers
solitary, axillary, hexan-

ICOSANDnrA MO^OCYNIA.

545

-*knot perennial. Stem .>— 5 IVct liinh, t'l cct, quadrangular, slightly
maruinetl ; Urnnrhps near the sumuiif lonji;, slender, very glabrous, a;*
is the whole plant, /^afvs lanie(»late, sessile, entire, acute at eui h
extremity: those on the stem li incli lonj^, J an incli wide ; those on
the branches small, crowded, irregular, but {generally alternate. iV-
dunclf<i 1 — '2 linos loii!». with I subulate stipules at their b:i.>ie of tlieir
own lenjjth. Ca/^ J* tubular, furrow, d, 12 toothed, with the teeth eiett
and a liTtle unequal. I'etnls (>, oblong, entire, violet-coloured, twice
as Ion"- as the ealvx. Filmnetits 6 inserted into the tube of the calyx,
nearly as hms; as the corolla. Style as lofijj; as tlie. stamens. Stigma
capitate. Capnult; obhuiu;. ii cellrd. 2 valved. Seed ovate, slightly
anj^led, attached to a central receptacle,

(irows in ditches, swamps, ^*c.

Flowers July— August.

3. Alatum. Pursb.

L. glabcrrimuni ; I'oliis
oppositis, conlato-ovatis,
aculis, subpetiolatis ; ra-
muUs virj^atis, 4-inargina-
tis ; t]onl)Us axillaiibus,
solitariis, G-antb'is.

Veiy glabrous ; leaves
opposite, corJate ovate,
acute, on sbort petioles ;
brancbes virgate, 4 mar-
gined ; flowers axillarVj
solitary, bexandrous.

Pursh, 1. p. 334. Nutt. 1. p. 303.

A very ele2;ant and ornamental specie^. Branches brown, at first
erect, at len<;t.h recurved, and then sending out numerous axillary
branches. Flowers often double the length of the leaves, deep and
bright purple, minutely bibracteate after the manner of the genus.
Leaves not much larger than those of thyme, which they somewhat re-
semble. Stigma conspicuously capitate. Capsule somewhat cylin •
drical, 2 celled. Nutt.

Grows in the lower districts of Georgia. Enslcn.

Flowers June — Jul v. Pursh.

Glabrous, virf!;ate; leaves
ircuerally opposite, linear,
acute ; flowers axillan .
solitary, bexandrous.

3. LfNEARE.

L. glabruni, virgatum ;
foliis suboppositis, linear-
ibus, acutis : floribus ax-
illaiibus, sobtariis, 0-an-
dris. Sp. pi 2. p 868.

Mich. 1. p. 280. Pursh, I. p. 334. Nutt. 1. p. 303.

Plant 3 — 4 feet hi:;h. Lcnvea somewhat succulent and (ipnquip.
0 — 7 lines long, 1 wide. Fiowfrs small, nearly wliite, bibrai-fcale.—
>'utt.

Grows near the sea-coast of Virginia and Carolina.

Jiowers July — August.

W3

^46f

ICOSANDRIA DI PENTAGYNIA.

CUPHEA. J^CQUIN.

Calyx ventricosns, tu-
biilosus. 6 — 1 2 dentatus,
infeqiialis. Petnla 6, in-
seqiialia, calyci inserta.
Cnpmla i-lociilans, cum
ca'y ce longitudinaliter de-
hiscens.

1. VlSCoSISSFMA.

C. viscosa; foliis op-
posi^is, petiolatis, ovato-
ob!ono;is ; florihiis dode-
candris, lateralilms, soli-
ta'iis, hrevissinie pediin-
culaiis. Pursh, i. p. 335.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 870. Mrch. I. p. 281. Nuft 1. p. 304»

A small herbaceous plant, rarely exceeding 18 inches in height,
branching, decumbent and erect, hairy and viscid. Leav s smooth,
entire. Cabjx cylindrical, striate. Petals purple. Stamens inserted
in the throat of the calyx. Capsule oblong. Seeds few, lenticular,
imbricate. The vapsule'\s said to burst before tlie seed is mature,
wliich then ripens while naked and exposed to the ataiosphere.

Grows along the mountains* Collected near the Saluda mountain^,
by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers Julv — Ausrusf.

Cah/x ventricose, tU-
bidai", 6 — it toothed, un-
equal. PetaLs 6, unequul^
inserted on the calyx.
Capsule i celled, with the-
calyx bursting longitudi-
nally.

Viscid ; leaves oppo*^
site, petiolate, ovate ob-
I'-ng; flowers dodecan-
di oils, lateral, solitary, on
short peduncles.

BI—PEXTAGYNM.

F0THP:RGILLA. Gen. pl. 932.

Calyx inferus, trunca-
tus, obsolete crenatus.
Corolla 0> Filamenta
longa, clavata. Germen

Calffx inferior, trun-
cate, obscurely crenate.
Corolla 0. Filaments
long, clavate. Germ 2-

iCOBANDRTA DT PENTAOYNIA.

547

cleft, ('upside 3-ccllcJ.
iSeeds solitary, bony.

335. Nutt. 1. n. 304.

Li fid uni. Capsida 2 lo-
cuUris St'inina solitu-
ria, ossea.

i. Almfolia.

Sp. |)l. '2. p. 15-24 Furfth, 1. p,
F. liardi'tji, Mich. I. p 313.

A shrub 2—4 feet high, stoloniferouR, vir«>;ato. heaves oval or obo-
•vate, urenate tu-ar the summit, pubi-Mcnt on ihe uudiT suifaie. flow-
^r«. in compact terminal apikcs. Stamens numerous, insertt'fl near
tlif summit of tiie calyx, lon;f, white, sometimesj tinned with puik.
isti:^mas lonj^, sltMuler, recurved. Capsule -2, celled, each cell 2 valv-
■ed, 1 seeded.

Grows along the margins of swamps.

Flowers March — April.

This plant varies much in the form of tlie leaves and in the colour
•©f its stamens, uud perliaps includes more than one species. It be-
gins to flower before tlie leavi's unfold, but the leaves generally ex-
pand before the flowers decay

CIlAT.i:(iLS. Gln. PL. 854.

Cnlyx superus,5-tidu5.
Pdula .5. Styli -z — ;3.
Bacca 2—5 speniia. iSt-
thina ossea

1. Parvifolia.

C. spinoia ; tnliis oho-
vatis, inciso-scrratis, basi
integris, toinento^is ; ca-
lytil.us lacmiatis ; flori
bus sulitaiii^, 5-gynis. fc^.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1002. Fursh, 1 p
C tomentoHa, Mich. I. p. 2b9.
Mespilus laciniata, Walt. p. 147.

A shrub 3 — 6 feet high, forming, with its numerous geniculate and
divaricate branches, almost a regular spherical fiu'ure ; the young
brandies tomentose : spines very numerous, 3 — 4 inciies lonj^, sl«*ncler.
Leaves alternate, generally acute, on short petiides. J''luicer.< t'Muii-
iiai, on short lateral branches, generally siditarv. ^^^/.r vcrv tom<:n-
t'l^f, with 2 or 3 brartoas at their has** ; tl>e segments iancr 'iate,
liaiKUomely divided. Fetuls white, nearly round, fruit greenish
\elli»w, eatable

Grows in dry soils.

•Flowers April— May. Frnit ripens in October. Winter-Jhw.

Caljix superior, .^j-rleft.
Petals 5. styles z — 5.
Berrj/i — 5 seeded. IS^eds
bony.

Sj)iny ; leaves obovate,
deeply serrate, entire at
base, tomentose ; calyx
laciniate : flowers solita-
ry, pontagwious.

339.

5^8

rCOSANDRiA DI PENTAGYNIA,

S. CrUS G.vLLT.

C. spinosa ; foliis obo-
vato-cunciformibus, ser-
ratis, subsessilibus, nitidis;
corymbis conipositis ;
foliolis calycinis lanceo-
latis, serratis ; floribus di-
gyjiis. Sp. pi. 2. p. 13.

Walt. p. 147 ? Mich. 2. p. 288 ? Pursh, 1. p. 338.

A shrub of middling height. Spines long, very numerous. Leaves
obtuse and acute, irregularly serrate, verj glabrous. Flowess in ter-
minal, compound corymbs. Segments of the calyx narrow, acut^s
Sometimes serrate. (Fruit small, red. Pursh.)

Grows in woods and along the banks of rivers.

Flowers April — May.

Spiny ; leaves obovate
cuneate, serrate, nearly
sessile, shining ; corymbs
compound ; segments of
the calyx lanceolate, ser*
rate ; flowers digynous.

Spiny ; leaves cuneate
obovate, crenate, coriace-
ous, lucid ; corymbs sim-
ple, few flowered ; flow-
ers pentagynous.

3. LuciDA.

C. spinosa ; foliis cune-
ato-obovatis, crenatis, co-
riaccis, lucidis ; coryml)is
siiijplicibus, paucifloris ;
floribus .5-gynis. E.

C. unilateralis ? Pers. 2. p. 37.

A shrub 10 — 12 feet high. Spines short, scarcely an iRch long, very-
strong. Leaves on very short branches from the base of the spines,
irregularly crenate. Flowers few, rarely exceeding 3, terminal, on
smail lateral branches. Styles 5. Berry 5 seeded.

This species appears to me very distinct from the preceding, with
which it has been confounded. Its leaves are much smaller, more co-
riaceous and hicid, and it differs also by its small«r corymbs and pen-
tagynous flowers.

The great djtlerences between the southern and nothern species of
C. crus galli leatl me to suspect, that there are still other species con-
cealed under this name.

Grows on the margin of the Ogeechee river, just where the tides
cease to flow.

Flowers April.

4. Punctata.

C. spinosa inermisve ;
foliis obovato-cuneiformi-
bus, glabrisj serratis , ca-

Spiny or unarmed ;
leaves obovate cuneate,
glabrous, serrate; calyx

tCOSANDRIA DI PKNTAGYNIA.

549

villous, the seKrncnts sub.

ulate, ciUirc.

lyrihus suhvillosis. laci-
nii^ subuliitis, iiitegiis.
Sp. pi. 8. p. 1004.

Mich. 1. p. 289. Pursli, 1. p. 538.

A small tree. Leaves larj^e, plaited, doubly toothed near the sum*
mit. liairy underneath at the branching of the nerves, dorymhs %)-
mentose. fVfiif yellow, dotted, (Mich.) sometimes red, (Willd.)-

Gruws in the upper districts of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers

5. TrRBiNATA. Piirsh.

C. inermis, glalira ; t'o-
Wy cuneato-obovatis, in-
cihis, serratis ; corymbis
puuiifloris ; pedicellis
brevibus ; fructibus tur-
binalis. Fursh,:i. p. 7-^5

Unarmed, glabrous ;
leaves cuneate obovate,
notched, serrate ; co-
rymbs few flowered ;
pedicels short ; fruit tur-
binate.

Resembling; C. spathuiata, but distinguished by its fruit from every
other .\nierican species. I*ursli.
Grows in Carolina and Virginia.
Flowers

Spiny ; leaves elliptic^
unequally serrate, gla-
brous ; petioles and ca-
lyx glandular ; berries
globular, 5 seeded.

0. Elliptica.

C. spinosa ; foliis ellip-
ticis, injequliter serratis,
gl;il)ris ; petiolis calyci-
bu^que glandulosis ; bac-
cis globosis, pentasper-
mis. Sp. pi. 2. p. 1U03.

Pursh, 1. p. 337.

Segments of the calyx obtuse. Fruit smallj red. Puralw
Grows in copses and drf swamps.
Flowers April — May.

To this species probably belonji:* the Mespilus iE&tivalis of Walter.
A shrub 8- — 10 teet high. Leaves elliptic or obovate, un''(j'ially
and rather coarsely serrated, hairy underneath at trie axils ol ihc
leaves, on short petioles, without glands. Flowers in small coiymbs,"
Fruit large, red, acid, used for tarts or preserves.

Grows in pond.s.

flowers February — Marfh. Ripens its fruit in June".

^0\

ICOSANDRIA DI-^PENTAGYNIA.

7. PVRIFOLIA.

C. spinosa inermisve ;
foliis ovato-ellipticis, iii-
ciso-serratis, subplica-
tjs, subhirtis ; calycilms
villosis ; ioliolis lineari-
lanceolatis, serratis ; flori-
bus trigynis. Sp. pi. 3.
p. 1001.

Pursh, 1. p. 537.

Leaves large, acute, sometimes acuminate at each end, slightly
lobed, irregularly serrate. Corymbs many flowered. Peduncles and
■talyx tomentose

Grows in rocky and gravelly soils, and on the banks of rivers. Pursh.

Flowers

Spiny or unarmed ; leaves
ovate elliptic, deeply ser-
rate, somewhat plaited
and hairy ; calyx villous ;
leaflets linear lanceolate^
serrate ; flowers trigyn-

OUS. '

8. Arborescens. E.

C. inermis; foliis lan-
ceolatis, utrinque acutis,
inciso-serratis, supra gla-
bris ; corymbis nmltiflo-
ris ; calycibus pilosis, la-
ciniis subulatis, integris ;
floribus pentagynis. E.

Unarmed ; leaves lan^
ceolate, acute at each end,
deeply serrate, glabrous
on the upper surface ;
corymbs many flowered;
calyx hairy, with the seg-
ments subulate, entire |
flowers pentagynous.

A small tree, 20 — 30 feet high, with spreading branches. Leaves
on short petioles, irregularly serrate, sometimes slightly lobed to-
wards the summit, hairy underneath at ihe division of the veins. Pe-
tiUts a little hairy along the margins. Stipules linear lanceolate,
shorter than tiie petioles, caducous. Peduncles and calyx a little
hairv ; segments of the calyx obtuse, reflected. Petals white. In
the old trees which I saw I could discover no spines.

I insert this species with some hesitation, yet ! know not that it
has been described. Its leaves resemble much those of the G. pvrifo-
}ia, but are smaller, less distinctly plaited, and, excepting in the axils
of the veins, glabrous. Its calyx and pentagynous flowers also dis-
tinguish it from that species.

Grows at Fort Argyje on the Ogeechee river.

Flowers March.

IBOSANDRIA DI PENTAClfNlA.

Jdt

Spiny ; leaves ol)Ovatc
cuneiile, anj!;l((l, ^lahrous,
sliininc; : pciioIcN, sti()i!les.
ami calyx irl.iruliilar ; flow-
ers geiKMMlly solitary ;
berries turbinate, i seed-
ed.

9. FhAVA.

C.spinosa; foliis oljova-

to-cuneatis, anirulatis. j^la-

bris, nitidis: jjctiolis, sti-

])ulis calycibusquc ^lan-

dulosis ; floribus suhsoli-

tariis ; baccis turbinatis,

tetras|)erniis. Sp. pi. Ai.

p. 1002.

Pursh, l.p. 338.

C. viridis ? Walt p. 147.

Plant 8 — 10 fcpt hinli. Spinea short, ratlicr stronjr ; yoiins: brandies
and leaves villous ; old leaves obtuse and lobed at the sunimit, finely
serrate, bairy along the veins on both surfaces, abruptly narrowed at
base. Stijmles somewhat reniform, and, with the uetiolea and se*"-
monts of the cahj.r, serrated with globular glands. Corymbs few
flowered. Fruit globular.

This description is taken from the C viridis of Walter, a plant
which I refer here with much hesitation, and in which the corymbs
are generally 5 — G (lowered.

Grows in the nncUlle and upper country of Carolina.

Flowers March — .\pril.

Here also apparently belongs tiie summer haw of our southern sea-
islands. An arborescent shrub, 8 — 14 fi-et high, with coarse rimose
bark, resembling that of the oak. Leaves laperinu; at base, nearly
sessile, not serrate, merely margined ^^ith glandular dots, pubescent
in the axils of the veins and on ilie petioles ; the young leaves some-
tin>ps slightly lobed. obtuse, with a small point at the summit. Flow-
ers frequently solitary, sometimes in very small corymbs, pentagyn-
ons. Fjruit oval, red, 4 seeded, well flavoured.

Grows in saiuly soils : ripens its fruit in August. This variety dif-
fers from the (' viridis «)f Walter by its leave**, which are much mor^*
glahrous, and din'ei ent in their serratures, and by flowers less numerou'?
in each corymb.

40. ViRinis?

C spinosa ; ioliis sul)-
sessilibiis, spatbiilato-ova-
tis, rotundato-lobatis, ser-
ratis, p:labris ; calycibus
glal)ris, laciniis glandulo.
so-scrratis. E.

Fp pi. 2. p. 1001.

Mespilus hyoiHali^, Walt. p. 148.

Spiny ; leaves nearly
sessile, spatbulatc o\ate,
wiib round Io'»es, serrate,
i!;lal)rous; calyx ulabrous,
tlir seujments wiih glan.
didar serralures.

55^

ICOSANDRTA DT PENTAGYNIA,

Branches slender, with long, slender spines. Leaves nearly sesSilfe^
ovate, spathu late at base, generally seven iobed, of which the two lower
are more distinct than the rest ; lobes round in the mature leaf, acute
in the young. Flowers in small corjmbs.

This description is taken from specimens sent me by Dr. Muhlen-
berg as the real C. viridis of Linnseus. It is certainly a species very
distinct from the C. coccinea. To this plant however the synonyme
of Gronovius, 163, cannot be referred. The C. glandulosa, Mich 1.
p. 288, which Pursh has referred to the C. flava, probably belongs here.

The apple-haw of the low country of Carolina apparently belongs
to this species. An arborescent shrub, 8 — 14 feet high, with crooked
rigid branches. Leaves nearly round, glabrous, 7 lobcd, abruptly
ternainating at base in a petiole nearly an inch long. Flowers in
small corymbs. Fruit very large, round, red, 3 — 4 seeded.

Grows Pensylvania — Carolina.

Flowers

H. Spathulata. Micb.

C. subspinosa ; fobis fas-
ciculatis, lunge cuncatis,
3-fidis lobatisque,crenatis,
glabris ; corymbis multi-
floris; calycibus glabris,
ladniis ovatis, integerri-
mis. E.

Somewhat spiny ; leaved
clustered, with a long ta-
pering base, 3 cleft and
iobed, crenate, glabrous ;
corymbs many flowered ;
calyx glabrous, segments
ovate, entire.

Mich. 1. p. 288. Pursh, 1. p. 336.

A small tree 12 — 15 feet high. Leaves in short lateral fascicles^,
some distinctly 3 cleft, others irregularly Iobed, the lobes all crenate,
the base long and tapering to a petiole. Flowers in lateral corymbs,
numerous, on- pedicels nearly as long as the leaves. Calyx small, gla-
brous ; segments short, ovate obtuse Corolla white. Styles 5.

Grows in the upper Districts of Georgia and Carolina ; in Colum-
bia county, Georgia, common — I have not seen it in the low country.

Flowers April.

12. Apiifolia. Micb.

C. spinosa ; ibbis delt-
oldeo-ovatis, inciso-loba-
tis, lobis inciso-serratis,
pilosis ; calycibus pilosis,
laciniis serratis ,- floribus
digynis.

Mich. 1 p. 287. Pursh, 1. p. 33(
C. oxyacantha. Walt. p. 147.

Spiny ; leaves deltoid
ovate, notched and Iobed,
lobes deeply serrate,
hairy ; calyx hairy, with
the segments serrate ;
flowers digynous.

MJOSANDRIA DI PENT.VGYNIA.

553

A liaotlsome shrub 4 — 12 (cct high. Leaves in gmall fascicles, on
ilpni; prtinles. S/ipu/^'s lifu'ar lancoitlat^, nearly •glabrous S';;j;j<< I — S
inches Ion;;, rori/mfcs siiu|ile. lew floweietl (5 -G;. C'l/i/.c turbinate,
hairy segments retlectcd. C'oro//fl wliito. AVy/fSgenerallj 2, 8om€^
times 3.

Grows in close damp soils.

Flowers March — April.

18. Poi'ULIFOl.lA. Walt.

Spiny ; leaves ovatCo
somewliat truncate at
base, very acutely ser-
rate and slij^ilitly lobed ;
petioles sparingly glandib-
lar; flowers pentagynoiis.

C. spinosa ; foliis ova-
tis, hasi sul)triincatis, a-
cutissinie serratis siihlo-
baiisquc ; petiolis parcc
glandulosis ; floribus pcn-
tagynis. E.

Walt. p. i4r.

A shrub, with slender branches, and very large strons; spines which
are sometimes branched. leaves small, with the serratures acu li-
natc Peiiitlfii nearly an inch long, and, with the leaves, sprinkled
with a few hairs. Flowers in small corymbs, white.

This plant bears no resemblance to the C cordata of this sketch,
but mucli to the C. coccinea. It differs however IVoni that bv its
leaves, which are much smaller, more ovate and obt'ise at base. Tiie
leaves of this species indeed are so obtuse at base that they must
frequently become subcordate.

Grows St. Johns, Santcc.

Flowers April.

14. Coccinea.

C. spinosa ; Iblii.s longc
pctiolatis, ovatis, aciitissi-
nie lobati.s se^^ati^qllc,
glahris ; petiolis, calyci-
biisque piibcscentibus.
glandulosis; tloribuspen-

tagynis.

E.

p. pi 2 p. 1000.

Spiny ; leaves on long
petioles, ovate, very a-
cutelv lobed snd serrate,
glabrous ; petioles and
pubescent calyx glandu-
lar; flowers pentagynous>

Mich. 1. p. 288. Pursh, 1. p. r>3r.

A small tree. Leaves obtuse at base, scarcely cordate, glabrous
when mature, lobes numerous, generally acuminate, sharply seriat(^.
Cnriiwbs many flowered. Feduncle'i hairy. Flowers white. Frutt

d, large, eatable.

(irows from (^anada to Carolina, along the moamtrim?

Flowers.

X 3

554!

ICOSANDRIA DT PENtACTNIA.

Leaves cordate, cune-
ate, entire, dentate, 3 — d
lobed ; peduncles brac-
teaie ; calyx somewhat
leafy.

i5. CaROLINIANa.

C. f »liis cordatis,cunei-
fornjibus. integris, denta-
tis, 3 — 5 lobisque ; pe-
dunculis bracteatis; caly-
cib'is subfoliaceis. Poir.
Ency. 4. 443. sjib Mespi-
lo.

Pers. 2. p 36.

This species is an obscure one. The description is not satisfactory,
but it can scarcely be a synonyme of the C. fiava, where Pursh has
placed it.

Fruit yellow, pear-shaped.

Grows in Carolina.
Flowers

Spiny ; leaves cordate
ovate, piiinatilid, lobed
and angled, glabrous ; pe-
tioles and calyx without
glands ; flowers* penta-
gynous.

10. CoRI>ATA.

C. spinosa ; f )liis cor-
dato-ovatis, pirmatifidn-
lobatis anirulatisqiie, gla-
bris ; petiolis calycibus-
que eglandulosis ; flori-
bus pentagynis.

Sp.pl 2. p. 1000.

€► populifolia, Pursh, 1. p. 337.

A large shrub. Leaves 3—5 — 7 lobes, acuminate, acutely serrate,
■fi'hen young pubescent along the veins. Petioles slender, short.
Stipules subulate, serrate. Corymbs compound. Segments of the
calyx short, obtuse Fruit small, globose, depressed, red.

Grows along the banks of rivers near the mountains.

Flowers

This genus is probably an extensive one. Our southern species
require to be compared more carefully ,vith those of the northern
states than has yet been done. Some of the species enumerated
above are obscure, and some more might have been added, 'f'he C.
coccinea of Walter seems to ditter from any species F have described,
resembling most the C. viridis, but with some leaves pinnatifid as in
C cordata. In this genus howe\er the leaves on the voung branches
difler frequently so much from those on the old, that specimens are-
to be viesved with great caution.

iroSANOUIA 1)1 — PENTAGYNIA.

555

SOHBUS. Gkn. PL. 855.

r^////T supcrus. 5-fi(liisi.
i^duhi 5. St If I i 8. Ho cm
3-*<|)onna. Semina car-
lilai;iiicu.

i. MiCHOCARPA.

S. foliis piiiiiaiis ; folio-
lis acumin.«tis, inirquali-
ter iiuiso-'^cnatis, pi'iio-
locpic comniuni ^lal)i is ;
senatui is setacco-iiiucro-
natis. Pmsh. i p. an.

S. aucuparia, frtr. n. Midi. 1. p

CaUjx superior, 5 cl^t't.
Petals 5. SfiflfS ,i. Ber-
rij 6 seeded ISecds car-
lilagineus.

Leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets acuminate, UFiequally
and deeply serrate, and
with tlie eonnnon jieiiolc
i»;labrous ; senatures nm-
eronatc with bristles.

'290. •

A large shrub ; the young branches dark and glossy, ^frri^s small,
jcarlet. Pursh.

(Jrows on tlie highest mountains.
Flowers June.

SESUVIUM. Gen. pi.. 856.

Calyx 5-partitus, colo-
ratus. Pctala 0. Cup-
suta ovata, 3-iueularis.
circuniseissa, pol^^sper-
ina.

i. Pkim Nen.ATT M ? lJe('and(^llc
S. foliis lineari-laneeoia-
lis, obtusis. earnosis ; flo-
ril)uss()litariis.axillaribus,
pcdu nculatis, poi vaiidris.
E.

Calj/x 5 parted, colour-
ed. Pttdh 0. Capsule
ovate, 3 celled, eircum-
scissed, many seeded.

Leaves linear lanceo-
late, obtuse, suceul; nt ;
flowers solitary, axillary,
on short peduncles, poly-
androus.

Pers. syn. 2. p. 50.

S. portulacastrum, Sp. pi. 2.p 1009.

Stem prostrate, terete, jointe<l, succulent, very j;labrous, braiuhine;.
leaves opposite, very entire, succulent, laperint; at base ti» a verr
short petiole. Fedtmcle^ about half an inch loug. Calij.r persi&icnt;
segments acute, the interior with ttic margins nicnibranaceous, «•. hite
on the injier surface. I'llnments very numerous (.50 — 60), inserted

056

leOSANOniA DI PENTAGYNIA-.

into the base of the calyx, unequal, white, shorter than the calyx.
Anthers didymous, of a beautiful rose colour. Germ superior. Styles
3, a little longer than the stamens. Stigmas simple, obtuse. Seeds
iiuinenuis, reniform, blue, attached to a central receptacle.

The capsule of this plant has perhaps been incorrectly considered
as circumscissed. It has towards the summit three sutures distinctly
maiked, but the base is membranaceous, very delicate, and appears
to decay or tear as the seed becomes mature, suffering the more sub-
stantial summit to fitll off without opening.

Grows on the drifting sands along the margin of the ocean.

dowers July — November.

2. PENTANDliUM E.

S. foliis liiieari lanceo-
latip, obtiisis, cariiosis ;
ilorihijs solitariis, arete
sessilibus, pentandris. E.

Leaves linear lanceo-
late, obtuse, succulent ;
flowers solitary, closely
sessile, pentandrous.

S. sessile •■ Pers. syn. 2. p. S9.
Pharnaceum maritimum, Walt. p. 117.

To the preceding species this has an entire resemblance, differing
only in its sessile tiowers, wliich are regularly pentandrous. The de-
scription of the S. sessile in Persoon is too short to enable me to oe-
termine whether we mean the same plant. Yet 1 cannot imagine that
if this plant had been before Mons. DeCandoUe, by whom the S» ses-
sile was established, so remarkable a character as its pentandrous
ilower would have escaped his notice.

It is a little singular that Walter should have noticed this species,
which is very rare even in Charleston harbour where only I have seen
it, and overlooked the preceding, which is common, and diffused along
our whole coast. I believe, however, tliat Walter's knowledge of
our sea-coast plants was principally derived from the late Mr. Robert
Squibb, who resided in Charleston.

Grows along the margins of the salt water, around Charleston. SuU
livan's Island ; Dr. Macbride.

Flowers July — November.

ARONIA. Pers.

Calyx S-dentatus. Pe-
tala 5. Bacca infera,
5 — lO-locularis, loculis
1 — S'Spermis. Seinina
cartilaginea.

1. AUBUTIFOLTA.

A. inermis; foliis obo-
ratis, acuminatisv crena-

Cabjx 5 toothed. Pe-
tals 5. Berry inferior,
5 — 10 celled, cells l — 2

seeded,
nous.

Seeds cartilagi-

Unarmed ; leaves obo-
vatc, -acuminate, crenate

leOSANDRlA DI — PENTACYNIA.

357

dentate, tomcntose un-
(Icrneulh ; llowers in co-
rymbs ; calyx tomcntose.

i

to-(lentatis, subtus tomcn-
to^is ; tloi'ibus corymbo-
sis ; calycibus tomento-
sis. Sp. pi. :i. p. 1012.

Pursh, 1. p. 339.
Mes|)ilu!> arbutifolia, var. ervtlirocaipa, Mich. I. p. i29l. Walt.
p. 148.

A shrub 3 — 8 feet high, spariri!j:;ly branched. Leaves alternate,
tometiines lanccDiate, on petioles scarcely half an inch lonjij. b'Lowers
ill terminal corvnibs. Calyx canipanulute : the se;;ineiit8 erect, acute,
serrate with glands. Petals nearly round, with short claws at ba*e,
white, tinged when young with red. Stamens CU — 24, shortei than
the corolla, ^Inthers rose coloured. Germ superior, very villous.
Styles shorter than the stamens. Stigina> glubose. fruit small, red.
Var. a. tomentosa ; with the stem 5 — 8 feewhigii ; calyx and under
surface of the leaves toinentose.

b. glabra ; with the stnn 3 — 5 feet hii;h ; ralvx glabrous;

leaves when cxpandin;^ a little hairy, when matare gla-
brous on both surfaces.
Grows in damp soils, along the margins of swamps, &c.
Flowers March — April.

Unarmed ; leaves obo-
vate oblonjj;, acuminate,
serrate, i!:l!il)n)iis under-
ncatli ; flowers in co-
rymbs ; calyx glabrous.

2. Mtl.ANOCARrA.

A. inermis ; toliis obo-
vato-oblongis, acumina-
tjs, serratis, subtus gla-
bris ; floril)us coi-yinbo-
sis ; calycil)us glabiis. —
AVilld. enum. 525.

Pursh, 1. p. 339.

Mespilus arbutifolia, var. melanocarpa, Mich. 1. p. 292.

Berries large, black.

I have never seen this mountain species or variety of Aronia, but it
appears to difler in nutiiiiig but its fruit from tlie glabrous variety of
the .\. arbutifolia.

Grows on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina.

Flowers May.

3. BoTUYAPIU.M.

A. inermis ; Ibliis cor-
dato-ovalibus. acumina-
tis, adultis glabris ; llori-
bus racemosis ; petalis
lincari-lanccolatis r irei'-

Unarmed ; leaves cor-
date oval, acuminate,
when mature g;lal)ious ;
flowers in racemes ; pe-
tals linear lanceolate ;

558

ICOSANDRIA DI PENTAGYNlA.

minibus pubescentibus ;
calycis segmentis glabris.
Sp, pi. 2. p 101^.

germs pubescent ; seg.
Mients of the calyx gla-
brous.

Pursh, I. p. 339.

Mespilus Canadensis ? Walt. p. 148.

var. cordata, Mich. 1. p. 291.

A small tree, 10 — 12 feet W\^h. Leaves, particularly when young,,
heart shaped and covered witli a silky pubescence : in the old leaves
jUiese characters frequently disappear. Flowers in simple, terminal
racemes, expanding before the leaves. Calyx villous on the interior
surface. Petals white, obtuse, slightly 2 toothed at the summit. 4
times as long as the calyx. Filaments unequal, much shorter t!>aii
the corolla. Styles pubescent at base, as long as the shorter stamens.
Fruit red, eatable.

Grows in rich, light soils.

Flowers February — March.

4. OVALIS.

A. inermis ; foliis sub-
rotundo-cllipticis, acutis,
glabris ; floribus racemo-
sis ; petalis obovatis ;

Unarmed ; leaves el-
liptic, neai 1 y rounds acute,
glabrous ; flowers in ra-
cemes ; petals obovate ;

germinil)us calycisque I germ and segments of

segmentis pubescentibus. / the calyx pubescent.

Sp.pl. 2. p. to 1 4. I

Pursh, 1. p. 340.

Mespilus Canadensis, var. obovalis, Mich. 1. p. 291.

M. Amelanciiier.? Walt. p. 148.

A small shrub, 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves very glabrous when old.
Flowers in simple, terminal racemes. (Fru?"? black, eatable. Puish,)

Rare in the low country. I have only seen it once in stilt' clay soil,
about 12 miles from Savannah, on the Augusta road.

Flowers March.

PYRUS.

Calyx superus, .5-fidus.
Petala .^. Styli 5. Po-
mum magnum, carnosum,
5 loculare,polyspermum.
Sejhina cartilaginea.

Calyx superior, 5 cleft.
Petals 5. Styles 5. Jipple
large, fleshy, 5 celled,
many sended. Seeds car-
tilaginous.

ICOSANDRIA DI rENTAGYNIA.

55^

Leaves broad oval,
round at base, soinewljal
anp;lcd, serrate, smooth ;
pcdimclcs corymbose.

1. Toil () NX MI A

v. Ibliis hiio-ovalibus,
basi rotuiidatis, subunii;ii-
lalis, scrratis, bi'vihiis ;
pediiiicuHs corymbosis.
Sp. pi. 2. p. 1018.

Tursli, 1. p. 3-10.

Malu9 coronaria, Mich. 1. p. 29'2.

A tree, 2<) — 30 feet Wi'^U, with spreadini; branches. Leaves large»
frequently ovale, wiih iire;jular serratuics. Flowers ornamental,
very fragrant, in large tenniual corymbs. Fruit depressed, umbili-
cate.

Grows iu the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers April.

2. Angus ri FOLIA.

P. foliis oI)!()rj;50.Ian-
ceohuis, basi acutis, Icvj.
ter crcnato-dcntatis, ni-
tidis ; pcduiiculis corym-
bosis. Sp. pi. 2. p. i();iO.

Leaves oblong lanceo-
late, acute at base, slight-
ly crenate dentate, shi-
ning; peduncles corym-
bose.

Pursh, 1. p. 340.

Pmus coronaria, Walt. p. 148.

>ialus anguslitolia, .Mich. 1. p. 292.

A small tree, 15 — 20 feet high, resembling the preceding specie*;
tery much, but diftoring in the size of the leaves and fruit, and some-
what \Q the figure of the leaves themselves. The flowers, like those
of the precediriv: species, arc very beautiful and frajjraut.

Grows in stitl. dauip, clay soils.

Flowers March.

SPIILEA. Gen. pl. 86S.

Calj/x infenis, 5-tidus,
patens. Petula 5, rpfpia-
lia, subroturida. Sfa7ni
71(1 |)lurima, exerta. L'up-
.f?//rrplurinicT(3 — 15), in-
terne bivalves, 1 — 3 spcr-

Calyx inferior, ;7 cleft..
expandin.E:. Pdtih 5, q.
qual- nearly round. >/«-
///r/?.siiunK'rous,exserte(I.
Capsules many (3 — i:i),
Ji valved en the inner
side, 1 — i seeded.

SQQ

leOSANDRlA DI PENTAGYNIA*

1. Salicifolia.

S. faJiis lanceolatis, ar-
gute serratis, glabris ; ra-
cemo terminali composi-
to, paniculato ; floribus
pentagynis. Sp. pi. 2. p.
1055.

Mich. 1. p. £93. Pursh, 1. p.

Leaves lanceolate, shai-p-
\y serrate, glabrous ; ra-
cemes terminal, com-
pound, panicled ; flowers
pentagynous.

341. Nutt. 1. p. 307.

A shrub, 3 — 6 feet high, with the young branches slender, some-
what angled and slightly pubescent. Leavs slightly glaucous under-
neath, a little hairy along the veins and margin Segments of the
calyx lanceolate, inflected after the flouers fall. Petals shorter than
the calyx, white, with very short claws. Stamens inserted on a glan-
dular ring at the summit of the tube of the calyx. Germs 5, united
at base. f>tyles shorter than the stamens. Capsules 5. Seeds many
in each capsule.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers June — July.

Leaves ovate lanceo-
late, unequally serrate,
tomentose underneath ;
racemes terminal, com-
pound, thickly flowered ,
flowers pentagynous.

2. ToMENTOSA.

S. foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis, insequaliter serratis,
subtus tomentosis ; race-
mo terminali composi-
to, confertifloro ; floiibus
pentagynis. Sp. pi. 3. p.
1056. "

Mich. 1. p. 293. Pursh, 1. p. ij4i. iNutt. i. p

A shrub, 3 — 6 feet high, with the young virgate branches ferrugi-
nous and tomentose. Leaves sometimes oval or lanceolate, rugose,
hoary underneath. Calyx tomentose ; segments reflected } Fetah
small, purple, sometimes 3 lobed, hairy on tl\e outer surface. Sla-
mens and styles as long as the corolla. Seeds few in each capsule.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers June — July.

541. Nutt. 1.

50r.

3. Opulifolta.

S. foliis ovatis, lobatis,
duplicato-dentatis crena-
tisve, glabris ; corymbis
terminalibus, confertiflo-

Leaves ovate, lobed,
doubly toothed or cre-
nate, glabrous ; corymbs
terminal, thickly flower-

rcos\NnRiA ni — ptsntaoynia.

551

lis ; ttoiilnis trii!;ynis ;
ca|)sulls ir)natis. 8|). pi.
2. p. 10.39.

Mich. 1. p. 293. Pursh, 1 p. 54-Z. Nutt. 1. p. SOT.

c(l ; flowers tnp;ynous 5
capsules inflated.

A sliriib, like the prccfiHiii; spocifs, with lobcd leaves. Floirert
ciiistcroil, white, in umhi'llate cnrvinbH.

Cintws alon^ water cuursjes among the mountains of Carolina and
Ccorsjia.

Flowers June — Jul v.

Loaves S — 3 pinnate ;
si)ikes in panicles ; flow-
ers triii;viious, diuicous.

4. AuUNcrs.

5. foliis 2 — .^pin^atis;
si)icis paniciilalis ; Hoii-
bus tri2;ynis, dioicis. Sp.
pi. 3. p. 348.

Mich. 1. p. 294. Pursh, I. p. 343 Nutt. I. p. 507.

Root perennial. Plant glabrous. Flowers small, composed of nu-
merous slender t«pikes. ^
Grows on the innuntains of Carolina and Georgia.
Flowers June — Julv.

5. L«m\TA.

S. foliis piiinatis, R^a-
bris, imparl niadjore. 7-
iol)o, latoralihiis .i-l(jbia ;
corvmbis proliferis. S[).
pi. i. p. iO(i2

Leaves pinnate, gla-
I)rous, tlic lerniinal one
lai "j^e, 7 1 )bed, the lateral
.i lobed ; corymbs proli-
ferous.

Mich. 1. p. 294. Pursh, I. p. 343 Nutt. 1. p. 30r.

Root perennial. leaflets somewhat palmate; lobes lanceolate,
doubly serrate. Cyme compound. Flowers rose coloured, with 3 — 5^
styles. Mich.

Grows in fertile, wet meadows^ near the mountain;.

Flowers June — Aujjust.

CilLLKyiA. MoENCff.

Cali/x sui)canip;uujla- I (V////j: somewliat cani-
tus, o.denlatus. Prtula j panulate, .> toothed. Pe-
;">, ianceolata, basi idler- | tals n. lanceolate, taper-
/;ata.. iSturnimi puuca, | ing at base. St aniens \t,yf,

V a

&63

ICOSANDRIA 1)1 — PENTAGYNIA.

iuclusa. Styli 5i Cap-
siila 5-locularis, loculis
S-spermis.

i. TlllFOLJATA.

G. foliis ternatis, lan-
ce olatis, serratis ; stipu-
lis

included. Styles 5. Cap-,
side 5-celled, cells 2 seed-
ed.

Leavts ternate, lan-
ceolate, serrate ; stipules
linear, entire ; flowers
in loose panicles, 5-gyn-
nous : calyx tubular, cam-

linearibus, integris ;
floiibus laxe paniculatis,
5-gynis; calyce tubuloso,
campanulato. panulate^

Nutt. 1. p. SOT.

Spiraea trifoliata, Sp. pi. 2. p. 106S. Mich. 1. p. 294. Pursh, I.-
p. 343.

JRoot perennial. Stevt herbaceous, I — 2 feet high. Leaves Isinceo-
latc, slightly acuminate, doubly serrate, M'^ith the serratures acumi-
nate, glabrous. Stipules very minute. Panicle terminal? few flower-
ed. Petals long, white.

The capsules appear to me certainly distinct, as in Spirsea.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers June — August.

2. Stipulacea. Muhl.

G. foliis ternatis, lan-
ceolatis, inciso-serratis ;
stipulis foliaceis, ovatis,
inciso-dentatas ; floribus
laxe paniculatis, 5-gynis ;
calyce campanulato, — ■
Willd. enuin.

Leaves ternate, lance->
olate, deeply serrate 5
stipules leaf-like, ovate,
notched and toothed ;
flowers in loose panicles,
5-gynous ; calyx cam-
panulate.

Nutt, 1. p. 303.

Spirxa stipulacea, Muhl. Cat. Pursh, 1. p. 343.

In habit resembling the preceding species. Leaves narrow, lanceo-
late, deeply serrate, glabrous. Stipules large, leaf-like, ovate, lancer
olate, deeply notched. Flowers white.

Grows near the Saluda mountains. Dr. MacbriJe.

Flowers June — 3\\\yi

ICOSANDIIIA POLYGYNIA.

5G8

POLYGYXIjI

ROSA. (iEN. PL. 803.

L'(ihf:v urccolatus, collo
courctatus, j-fulus. Pctn-
fa 5. Semiria pluriina,
liispida, calycis intcriori
latcii allixa.

1. PvilVlFLORA.

R. fructibus glol)osis,
pcdunculisque hispklis ;
pctiolis pul)csceiiti!)us,
sul)aculeatis ; aculcis sti-
pularihus rectis ; tbiiolis
elliptico-lanceolatis, sim-
pliciter sonati:<, j^labris

Califx urceolate, coQ-
tractcil at the throat, 5
clelt. Pdah .j. Seeds
numerous, hispid, attach-
ed to the interior side of
the calyx.

Fruit globose, and, with
tlie peduncles, hispid ;
petioles pubescent, some-
what prickly; the stipular
prickles strai2;ht ; leaves
elliptic lanceolate, simply
serrate, glabrous ; flowers
generally in pairs.

lloribus subgeminatis. —
Pursh, 1. p. 344.

Sp, pi. 2. p. 1068.

R. Caroliniana, Mich. 1. p. 293.

Root creeping. Stem about 2 feet hi^li, glabrous, dotted? brandies
somewhat ;2;cirKulate. Leaves quinatf. ; the lateral ieatlets generally
oval, obtuse ; the terminal lanceolate, acute — all a little hairy but
lucid on the upper surface, pubescent and paler on tiie lower. Spines
by pairs at tlie base of each petiole, j;cuerally straight, sometimes re-
curved, smaller ones irregularly scattered along the stem. Flowers
terminal, solitary, sometimes by pairs. Calyx somewhat hispid ;
the segments subulate, acuminate, the 3 exterior laciniate. J'etals
obovate, eniarginate. The niature/r;a'f nearly glabrous.

Grows in dry, fertile soils; in C'liatham county, Georgia, not nn-
conimon.

Flowers May — June.

2. LirinA.

R. fructibus depresso-
gloi)osis, pedunculi^que
subhispidis : pctiolis gla-

Fruit globular, de|)ress-
ed, and, with the pedun-
cles, somewhat hispid :

564

ICO SAND RIA POLYGYNIA,

bris, subaculeatis ; caule
glabro ; aculeis stipulari-
bus rectis ; foliolis ovato-
lanceolatis, obtusiusculis,
grosse serratis, glabris.
nitidis ; floribiis subgenii-
nis ; calycis foliolis inte-
gris. Pursb, i. p. 341.

petioles glabrous and a
little prickly ; stem gla-
brous ; slipular prickles'
straight ; leaflets ovate
lanceolate, obtuse, with
large serratures, glal)rous,
shining ; flowers general-
ly in jjairs ; segments of
tlie calyx entire.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1068

R. Carolina ? Walt. p. 149.

A shrub, 4 — 6 feet hij^li, with creeping roots, and erect, glabrous,
coloured stems; small branches somewhat geniculate and hairy.
l.fajie.ts generally seven, rather acute, pubescent along the margin
and the under surface, paler beneath ; prickles in pairs, recurved.
Flowers in small corymbs ; the branches frequently triflorous. Seg-
ments of the cahj.v foliaceous, longer than the corolla, pubescent, three-
of them laciniate, two simple. Petals obcordate.
I am not certain that the plant 1 have described is the real R. lucida
of Willdenow,and therefore I have left the specific character unaltered,.
altl;ouu:h the description below will be found to differ from it in sev-
eral particulars. This species- has usually been considered in this,
couitry as the R. Caroliniana.

G.ows along the margins of swamps. Common,

Flowers May,

S. Gemella.

K. fruetibus depresso-
globosis, pedunculisque
glabris ; floiibus subgem-
inatis ; foliis ol)longis, a-
cutis, opacis ; petioliir^, ve-
nisque sul>tus, pubescen-
tibus ; aculeis stipulari-
bus uncinatis, geniinatis.
Wilkl. enum. 544.

Fruit globose depress-
ed, and, with the pedun-
cles, glabrous ; flowers
generally by pairs ; leaves
oblong, acute, opaque i
petioles and under sur-
face of the veins pubes-
cent ; stipular prickles
hooked, by pairs.

Pursh, 1. p. 344.

Branches slender, somewhat smooth, and J2;laucous. Leaflets
7, smaller, thinner and more acutely serrate than th6 last, ratlier
glaucous and downy beneath, their veins as if fringed. Leaf-stalks
and stipules finely downy and hoary. Flowers terminal, in pairs on'
short, smooth peduncles, enveloped in large downy biacteas. Germ
exactly globular, quite smooth and naked. Segments of the calyx

ICOSANDRTA POLYSYNIA.

d09

wndutii at lite base, ilowny at tlie ed^es and toward the summit, sim-
ple, 'ipathiilatc at the end. Sinifli in Itees Cvchip. sub Itosa.

Grows on dry, sunny lulls. A low shrub, with lurj;;e flowers. Pursh.

Flowers July.

4. Seticeua. Midi.

U. fructihus i^lobosw ;
pctioUs venisque aciilea-
tis ; ramis e;lal)ris ; acu-
leis gciuwiis spaisisquc j
foliolis (3 — 5) aciimtna-
tis, glahris ; calycis fo-
Jiolis sul)pcnnatini sctigc-
ris. Mich. i. p. :i93.

Fruit globose, ^vitl^
the petioles and vein.s
prickly ; l)ranclics iila-
broiis ; ])ricklcs by pairs
and scattered ; leaflets
(3 — 5) acuminate, ^ia-
l)rous; leaflets olthe calyx
feathered with biistles.

Pursh, l.p.545.

Leaves 2;labrou<», acuminate. Prickles sparingly scattered alon^;
tlie branches, besides the pair at the base of each leaf. Mich.
Grows in tlie low country of Carolina.
Flowers

5. Carolina.

R. iVuctibus globosis,

pcdunculisque subhispi-

dis ; petiolis pilosis, sub-

aculeatis ; caulc glabro ;

aculeis stipularil)us suh-

uncinatis ; Ibliolis (5 — 7)

oblon^o-lanceolati.'*, acu-

tis, ai'gute serratis, sub-

tus cjlautis ; floribus co-

ryinbosis. Pursli, 1. p.

345.

Sp. pi. ;2. p. 10C9.

IL Pcnnsylvanica, Mich. 1. p. 29G.

A shrub, 5 — G feet high, erect, bushy, with red, »mooth and some-
what glaucous braticlie*. Lfojlfts lar^e, finely sen ate, jjlaucdus and
poijostent underneatli. Flowers numerous in tacli corvmb, lar"-e,
crimson, on short peduncles. .Smith, in Cvclnp.

Grows in .shaded, rich, damp s(»ils. Rare in this rountrv, from
which its name has been derived. It is (»roi»ab!e that the K, lucid^u
vocommo!! in our swamps, waa retlly the orijjinal R. Carolina.

Klower^

Fruit 2;lal)ose, and, with
the |)edunclcs. somewhat
his|)id ; petioles hairy,
somewhat prickly ; stem
<2:lai)rous; stipiiiar pi i( kles
hooked; leaflets (.5 — 7;
oblong lanceolate, a<'Ute.
siiarply seriate, glau-
cous underneath: flowei'*
in corymbs.

566

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

6. LuTEScENS. Piirsh.

R. fructibus globosis,

pedunculisque glahns ;

ramulis hispido-spinosis ;

foliolis (7 ) ,a;labris, ovali-

bus, acuiiiinato-serratis ;

petiolis inermibus ; flori-

bus solitariis ; laciniis ca-

]) cis lanceolatis, cuspida

tis ; petalis ovalibus, ob-

tusissimis. Pursh, ^, p.

735. I

Floivers white, with a faint tinge of yellow.

Grows in Carolina ; Pursh. Cultivated in the gardens in England.
Perhaps a garden variety.
Flowers

Fruit globose, and, with
tbe peduncles, glabrous ;
branches hispid spiny ;
leaflets (7) glabrous, o-
val, with the serratures
acuminate ; petioles un-
armed ; flowers solitary;
segments of the calyx
lanceolate, cuspidate ; pe-
tals oval, very obtuse.

7. Suave GLENS.

II. fructibus ovatis ; pe-
dunculis petiolisque glan-
duloso-hispidls ; caule
glabro, aculeis tenuibus,
subrecurvis ; foholis
(5 — 7) rotundato-ellip-
ticis, supra pubescenti-
bus, subtus su!)glandulo-
sis. Smith in Cyclop.
sub Rosa.

Pursh, 1. p. 346.

Branches long, slender ; prickles long. Floivers pink, small, often
but not always solitary. Segments of the calyx not always simpld,
2 of tliem frequently pinnate. Jhruit smooth or somewhat prickly.
Smith.

Grows near the mountains, where it is called wild sweet briar, and
is considered'as indigenous.

Flowers May.

Fruit ovate, with the
peduncles and petioles
glandularly hispid ; stem
glabrous, prickles slen-
der, slightly recurved ;
leaflets (5- -7) I'ound el-
liptic, pubescent on the
upper, glandular on the
lower surface.

8 Ljevigata. Mich.
R. fructiiiu.s oblongis,
hsipiuis; fohis perennanti-

Fruit oblong, hispid ;
leaves perennial, ternate j

ICOSANnniA POLYGTNIA.

567

lcall(Ms lanceolate, ser-
rate, coriaceous, lucid ;
flowers solitary, terniiiml.

bus. ternatis ; Ibliolis lan-
ceolatis, seriatis, coria-
cei>. luridis; florilius soli-
taiiis. leriniiialil>us. K

Mich. 1. p. '205. Purslj, 1. p. 345.

A shrub, \vitl> lon^ flexible branches, whic)) may be trained to 10,
13 or '20 feet higli, but uhen left unsupixirti'il fall to the eartli and
takr root; branches platirous, and armed with very stroni; recurved
prickles. Leaven very j:;lossy and smooth, prickly alotu' the under
side of the midrib, very rarely qtiinate. F/oicers on ^niail lateral
brandies. Segments of the caly.v une(|ual, all acuminate, ^ leaflike
at the summit, serrate. • Petals white, obovate, obtuse, with a point
irres;ulai'ly crenulatc.

This plant in its habit and appearance has very little resemblance
to its conveners. It has been cultivated in the gardens in iietirgia
for upwards of 40 years, under the name of the "('herokee Rose,"
but its ongin is still ob^^cure.

In our rural econon>y this plant will one day become very import-
ant. For the purpose (d forming hediies. there is perhaps no plant
which unites so many advantages. For <[uickness of growth, facdity of
culture, strength, durability and beauty, it has perhaps no rival-
Grows in moist soils. ()referring close, rich loam
Flowers April, principally, but occasionally through the summci-^

RUBUS. Gen. pl. 8fi4.

Cah/T patens, ."j-iidus.
Petahi i>. Baccu conipo-
sita, acinis nionosperinis

1. ViLLOSCS.

R. pubescens. bispidus
aculeatusque ; caulc an-
gulato ; Ibliis (3 — 5) di-
gilatis, ovaji-lanceolalis,
acuniinatis, duplicato-ser-
ratis ; racenio laxo. pcdi-
cellis solitarii??.

Caljix expandinfj:. 5 clelll.
Petals 5. Bern I com-
pound, \vitb tbc acini or
pulpy grains one seeded.

Pui)escent, bispid and
prickly ; stem angled :
leaves (3 — 5) digitate,
oval lanceolate, at uini-
nate, doubly se irate j ra-
cemes loose, with the
pedicels solitary.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 1085. Mich. l.p. ilOr. Pursh, 1. p. 34G.
R. fruticosus, ^^'alt.

Root creeping, stolonifcrous Stem generally erect, 4 — 8 ieei high,
flexuous, branching; the young branches pubescent, the old ncarlv

^68

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

elabrous : all armed with rigid, reflexed, prickles. Leaves frequently
acute, villous, particularly oa the under surface, prickly alon^ the
midrib, obtuse, and even slightly cordate at base ; the intermediate
leaflet longer, on a petiole about half an inch long, the lateral ones
nearly sessile. Stipules, 2 at the base of each petiole, small, subulate,
hairy. Flowers in simple racemes, which, from the length of the

obovate, white, 3 — 4 times as long as the calyx. Filaments short.
Jlnthers at first nearly white, afterwards purple. Fruit black, tolera-
bly well flavoured, though with a perceptibly bitter taste.

Grows in damp soils, forming compact and almost impenetrable
thickets.

Flowers April ; ripens its fruit in June. High husfi-blackberry.

S. CuNEiFOLius. Pursh.

Stem, petioles and pe-
duncles pubescent; stem
erect, slightly angled ;

leaves ternate ; leaflets
oval lanceolate, acute, cu-
neate at base, dentate,
plicate, tomentose under-
neath : racemes loose :
pedicels l flowered.

R. caule, petiolis pe-
dunculisque pubescenti-
bus ; caule erecto, sub-
anguiato ; folils ternatis ;
foliolis ovali>lanceolatis,
acutis, basi cuneatis, den-
tatis, plicatis, subtus to-
mentosis ; racemis laxis ;
pedicellis unifloris. £.

Pursh, 1. p. 347.

R. parvifolius, Walt. p. 149.

Stem about 2 feet high, erect, slightly angled, armed with subulate^
recurved prickles, bearing a few branches. Leaves rarely quinate,
plicate, coarsely and doubly serrate, hairy on the upper surface, to-
mentose and glaucous underneath, tapering towards the base, then
terminating abruptly. Petioles prickly, somewhat tomentose. Jia-
cemes simple at the end of the branches, resembling corymbs from
the length of the inferior peduncles. Segments of the calyx lanceo-
late, acuminate, 3 nerved, tomentose. Petals oval, thrice as long as
the calyx, white, tinged with rose-colour. Fruit ovate, juicy, eata-
h\e.

The fruit in this species is by no means dry,as mentioned by Pursh.
It is perhaps superior in flavour and size to the preceding.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers April. Ripens its fruit in June.

3. OCCIDENTALIS.

R. ramis ]^etiolisque
glaucis aculeatisquc ; lb-

Branches and petioles
glaucous and prickly :

IC08ANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

66%

Jiis (crnatis, ovalibns, acu-
ininatis, aiihlobatis, du-
plicato-serraiis, suhtusca-
no-tomentosis ; |)etiolis
tereiibus ; raceinis tcnni-
nalibus.

Sp pi. 2 p. 1092. Walt. p. 149?

Iraves tcmate, oval, acu.
miiiatc, somewhat lobed,
doubly serrate, under«
neath hoary and tonien*
tose ; petioles terete ;
racemes terminal.

vlich 1. p. 297. Pursh. I. p. 347s

Stem terete, conspicuous for its fine glaucous hue, even in a dried
State. IjpavfS Si\l toriiate ; tl>e lateral leaves often furni*ilied with a
notch or lube. Frickles on the peduncles very nunisrous and hooked-
^«fa/s small, white, commonly emarginate. Fruit black, sometimea
reil, sweet, but not highly flavoured. Afeptfs wrinkled* (Smith, ia
Rees' Cyclop.)

Grows in rocky soils, from Canada to Carolina.

Flowers Virgintan or wild Raspberrj,

4 Trivialis Mich.

R. sarmentoso-procum-
bens, liispidiis aculeatus-
que ; toliis teinatis qui-
natisque, ovalibus, acutis,
insequalilerdefitatis; pedi-
cellis solitariis, elongatis.

Mich. I p. 296. Pursh, 1. p. 317.
R. hispiduft Walt p 149.

Stem prostrate, br,inchin<>:, long, slender, terete, vorj hispid and
armed with recurved prickles. L<'ai"«?j> .somewhat glabrous,pube»cent
and hairy along the veins, when old sometimes acuminate. Stipules
al tiie base of the petioles, subulate, hairy, serrulate. Flowers solita*
ry. terminal, on small axillary branches. Segments of the calyx oval,
uith a short acuminaiiun I'etah large, nea'Ij round, white. Berries
large, black, well flavored.

Ihis plant appears to me very distinct from the U. trivialis of the
Northern States, i have retained the name, as Michaux certainly
meant to describe our southern species

Grows every where excepting in inundated lands.

Flswers March — April. Ripens it fruit in Mav.

Low Buali- Blackberry Dewberry.

5. Flagellaris.

R. sarmentoso-procum-
bens ; caulc tereti peiio-
lisquc aculcalis ; foliis

Procumbent, trailing;
hispid and prickly ; leaves
ternate and quinate, oval,
acute, unequally dentate 5
pedicels solitary, long.

Procumbent, trailing
stem terete, and, wiiji the
petioles, prickly ; learcs

7. s

aro

ICOSANDRIA POLGYNIA.

ternate, glabrous, une-
qually serrate ; corymbs
terminal, loose, pubes-
cent, few flowered.

ternatis, e;labris, ingequa-
liter serratis ; coryml)is
terminalibus, laxis, pu-
bescent! bus, paucifloris.
Smith, in Rees' Cyclop.

Willd enum. 549. Pursh 1 p. 347.

Stem terete, rather prickly than hispid. Prickles recurved, those
on the petioles few and widely scattered. Leaves smaller than those
of R* trivialis, smooth and equal at the base. Smith. Pursh.

Grows in fields and sandy woods, Virginia to Carolina. Pursh,

ilowers.

Unarmed, hispid, erect ;
leaves simple, acutely a
— 5 lobed ; corymbs ter-
minal, divaricate, viscid ;
calyx appendiculate.

6. Odoratus.
R. inermis, hispidus.

erectus ; foliis simplici-
bus. acutis s — 5 lohatis ;
corymhis terminaUbus,
divai icatis, viscidis ; ca-
lycihus appendiculatis.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1GS5. Mich. I. p. 297. Pu.sh, 1. p. 348.

Stem biennial, 3 — 4 feet high, branching, very hispid, brown
Leaves large, serrate, less hairy than the stem, with the lobes acumi-
nate. Peduncles and calyx viscid and fragrant. Segments of the
calyx oval or lanceolate, terminating with a long, linear, leafy point.
Petals large, neat ly round, bright purple or crimson, very ornamental-.

This species differs from the rest in habit and appearance.

Grows in the mountains, often on the highest summits.

Flowers June — July.

7. Obovatus.? Obovalis. Mich.

\\. subherbaceus, his-
pidus ; foliis ternatis, obo-
vatis, serratis ; stipulis
setaceis ; racemis subco-
rymbosis, paucifloris; pe-

dicellis elongaiis.

Somevvhdt herbaceous,
hispid ; leaves ternate,
obovate, serrate ; stipules
setaceous ; racemes co-

rymbose, few flowered
pedicels long.

Mich. 1. p. 298. Pursh, 1. p. 349.

Stem rather shrubby than herbaceous, hispid with rigid hairs.
Bracteas ovate. Berries with only a few large grains, black and
sweet

Grows in swamps on the highest mountains.

Flowers May — ^July.

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

DALIBARDA.

571.

Calf/.v o-Wi^us. Petala
5. Stf/li 5— S, lonii^i, dc-
cidui. Bacca sicca.

i. LoBATA. Bald.

1). pilosa ; foliis sul)ro.
luridis, cordatis, lobatis,
crcnalis, cilialisi ; caule
sub-nudo ; pediiiiculis
multifloris. B.

Califx 5 cirft. Pefnls
5. Stt^f-s 5- 8, long, de-
ciduous. Berry dry.

Hairy ; leaves nearly
round, cordate, lohed,
crenate, ciliate ; stem
somewhat naked ; pedun-
cles many flowered.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem erect, not t'xcce<ling five inches ia
height, supportiu:;a few small, entire, lanceolate leaves. P»duncle9
generally many flowered, erect, uinbelliform, with leafy involucrums.
Flowers yellow. The leaves sliu;htly but uniformly three lobed,
and the whole plant more or less cloathed with a coarse pubescence.
Bald.

Grows on the hills on each side of Flint River, Georgia, near the
Creek. Agency.

FiuwL'is April — May.

2. FuAcARioinES. Midi.

D. foliis tcrnatis ; tbliolis
cuueatis, creiiato-lobatis ;
pedunculis multifloris.

J'.

Mich. 1. p. 300, t. 28.

Leaves ternate ; leaf-
lets cuneate. crenate and
lobed ; peduncles many
flowered.

Pursh. I. p. 350.

Root perennial. Stem creeping. Leaves arising from the crown of
die mot. C(niin\on petiole 2 — 4 inches loni;; leaflets nearly sitting,
cuneate at base, rounded at the summit, slightly lobed The whole
plant hairy. Common peduncle 4 — 6 inches high, 3 — 6 flowered,
bearing small lanceolate leaves at each division. Segments of the
•:alyx expanding. Filaments persistent. Petals yellow.

Grows in the mountains of C'aroliaaaad Georgia.

Vlowcrs May — June. Pursh.

i7»

ICOSANDRRIA POLYGTNIA.

GEUM. Gen. Pl. 867.

Cali^x iO deft Petals
5. Seed awned, the awn
frequently geniculate.

Pubescent : radical
leaves pinnate, stem
leaves ternate, the upper
ones simple, 3 cleft ; the
lower stipules notched ;
flowers erect ; petals as
long as the calyx ; awns
hooked, naked, hairy at
the summit.

Calyx iO-Mus, Petala
0. Semina aristata : arista
plerumque geniculata.

1. Album.
G. puhescens ; foliis

radicalibus pinnatis, cau-
linis ternatis,suinmis sim-
plicibus, trifidis ; stipulis
inferiorilms incisis; flori-
bus erectis ; petalis Ion-
gituduie calycis ; aristis
uncinatis, nudis, apice pi
losis. Willd. enum. 556.

Pursh, I. p. 351.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, with branches generally expand-
ing. Peduncles axillary or terminal, few flowered. Petals white*
Grows along the margins of rivers near the mountains.
Flowers.

2. Vtrginianum.

G. puhescens ; foliis ra-
dicalibus caulinisque in-
fimis ternatis, superiori-
bus lanceolatis ; stipulis
ovatis, subintegris ; flori-
bus erectis ; petalis ca-
lyce brevioribus ; aristis
uncinatis, nudis, apice pi-
losis, tortuosis. Pursh,
1. p. 30t.

Sp.pl. 2. p. 1113. Mich. 1

G. Carolinianum, Walt, p 150
Lower leaves sometimes quinate.
cd. Flowers small, white.
Grows in shady woods.
Flowers

Pubescent ; radical and
lower stem leaves ter.
nate, the . upper lanceo-
late ; stipules ovate, near-
ly entire ; flowers erect ;
petals shorter than the
calyx ; awns hooked, na-
ked, at the summit hairy
and twisted,

p. 301. Nutt 1. p. 509.

Stipules small, frequently notcK-

ICOSANORIA POI.YGYNfA.

irs

8. PAniATUM: Mich.

G. hirsiilissimum ; Ib-
liis radicalilms piniialis,
imparl amplissiino rciii-
formi, radiati-nervoso,
(lentato; caulinisamplex-
icauiil)us, inciso-lacei is ;
arislis glal)ris, apice sim-
plicibus. Mich. i. p. 300.

Very hirsute ; radical
leaves pinnate, the termi-
nal one large, reniform,
with radiating nerves,
dentate ; the stem leaves
amplexicaule, notched
and lacerate; awns glab-
rous, simple at the sum-
mit.

Pursh, 1. p. 352. Nutt. 1. p.'309.

A handsome plant. Stem simple, erect. Radical leaves pinnate,
the leaflets few and small ; stem leaves simple. Petals cuiieate, ob*
cordate, yellow, with the base fulvoug.

Grows on the highest mountains of Carolina.

Flowers

POTENTILLA. Gen. pl. 866.

€'G///:r 10 fidus. Petala
3. Semuia suhrotunda,
receptaculo parum ex-
succo aflfixa.

1. NoRWEGICA.

P. pilosus ; caule erec-
to, dichotomo ; foliis ter-
natis, lanceolatis, inciso-
dentatis ; pediceliis bre-
vibus, solitariis, axillari-
bus ; petaHs calycem sub-

Ca/z/a- 10 cleft. Petals
5. Seeds nearly round,
attached to a dry recep-
tacle.

Hairy ; stem erect, di-
chotomous ; leaves ter-
nate, lanceolate, deeply
toothed ; pefHcels short,
solitary, axillary ; petals
as long as the calyx*

aquantibus, E-

Sp. pl. a. p. 1109. Mich 1. p. 302. Pursh, 1. p. 354.

Annual. S/em erect, 1 — 2 feet hijjh, branching, very hairy. Leaves
trifoliate, the upper ones simple. Leajlets sessile, entire near the
base. Stipules obliquely lanceolate, slightly toothed. Flowers late-
ral at the divisions of the stem. Peduncles A — 5 lines long. Tube
of the calyx campanulate; segments equal, acute, entire. Petals
obovate, inserted into the tube of the calyx, yellow. Stamens about
15, much shorter than the calyx. Germs superior, numerous, collect-
ed into a small head. StyUs short, slightly winged. Stigmas obtuse.

574i

ICOSANDRlxi POLYGYNIA.

Seeds somewhat crescent- shaped, turgid, glabrous, beautifully em-
bessed.

This plant agrees exactly with specimens of the P. Norweglca
from Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. Can the real P. Norwegica
hare wandered to the sea coast of Carolina ?

Grows on Charleston neck, 3 or 4 miles from this city.

Flowers June — July.

S. Canadensis.
P. procunibens, seri-
cea ; foliis quinatis, cune-

Procumbent, silky ;
leaves quinate, cuneate,

aio-obovatis, inciso-den- ' obovate, deeply tootbed ;

peduncles solitary, long ;
petals round, entire, as
Ions as tbe caivx.

tatis ; pedunculis solita-
riis, elong:atis ; petalis or.
biculatis, integris, longitu-
dine calycis

Sp. pi 1106 Walt. p. 150 Mich. 1. p. 303. Pursh, I. p. 354;

jRoof perennial, creeping. Stem procumbent, with a few branches.
Leaves on long petioles ; leaflets sessile. Stipules ovate, acutely
toothed. Segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate. Petals bright
yellow.

Grows in shaded, rich soils. Not uncommon even along the sea
coast of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers March — April.

8. Simplex. Mich.

P. erecta,liirsuta ; tbliis
quinatis, oblongo-ovali-
bus, grosse serratis ; pe-
dunculis axillaribus, soli-
tariis, elongatis ; petalis
rotundato-obcordatis, ca-
lyce longioribus.

Erect, hirsute ; leaves
quinate, oblong oval, with
large serratures ; pedun-
cles axillary, solitary,
long; petals nearly round
obcordate,longer than the
calyx.

Mich. 1 p. 303. Pursh, 1. p. 354.

Perennial. 5^«m simple, angled, rough. The upper iecvcs sessile.
Peduncles slender, 1 flowered. Segments of the calyx linear lanceo*
late. Petals yellow.

Grows in dry woods and meadows ; Pursh. From Canada to Caro»
Una.

Flowers May— August.

icosANnni.v i'olygynia.

575

FRAGAKIA. Gen vi.. 865.

Cali/x 10 cleft. Pftals
5. Keceptucles of the
senl ovale, berried, deci-
duous.

Calyx of the fruit ex-
pandinc; ; pubescence of
the petioles erect, of the
peduncles appressed ;
leaves f^labrous on the
upper surface.

Cah/x lO-fi'lus. Prtalu
5. Heccptaculiini srmi-
num ovatum, baccatuni,
deciduuM).

1. ViKGINIANA.

F. calycc fruclus pa
tente ; pul)escentia pelio.
loruin erccta, peduncu
loruni adpressa ; ibliis
supra giabnusculis. Sp.
pi. 2. p. lOQK

Purs!), 1. p. 350.

Fragaiia vesca f Walt p. 150.

The j;;enus Fragaria is very extensively tliflTiised over the northern
hemisphere, and in tho southern, one species at least has i>een found
in Chili. Yet every wliere the reseinblunre is so intiniate and entire,
that it is only in the disposition of t!»e calyx and pubescence tliat
characters have been found to discriminate the species For want of
attention to these characters the next species requires revision, and
is perhaps uncertain:

Grows in woods and meadows in the upper districts of Georgia
and Carolina. Very rare in tiie low country.

Flowers February — April. Wild Strawberry^

3 Canadensis. Mich.

F. major ; foliolis am-
plo-ovalil3us, lateralibus
iiianife?te petiolatis ; i)c-
dicellis longis, recurvo-
pendulis ; receptacuhs
seniinum globosis, favo-
so-scrobiculatis, villosis.
Mich. 1. p. SDD.

Pursb, 1. p 357.

Grows in the mountains and woods from Canada to Florida. Mich.
Flowers April— May.

Lar2;e; leaflets wide, o-
val, the lateral ones dis-
tinctly petiolate ; pedi-
cels long, recurved, pen-
dulous ; receptacles of
the seed globose, honey-
combed, villous.

576 ICO SAND RIA POLYGYNIA.

CALYCANTHUS. Gen. pl. 870.

Calyx urceolatus, su-
perne multifidus, squar-
rosus, laciniis petaloideis
coloratis. CoroHa o. Sty-
U pluiimi. Seniina plu-
rima, iiuda, Isevia, intra
calycem ventricosum,
succulentuni.

1. Floridus.

C. laciniis calycis lan-
ceolatis ; foliis lato-ovali-
bus, acutis, subtus tomen-
tosis ; ramis patentibus.
Willd. enum. 550.

Cahix urce elate, niany
cleft above, squarrose,
with the segments colour*
ed, resembling petals.
Corolla 0. !Stylrs many.
Seeds numerous, naked,
smooth, contained in a

I vcntricose succulent ca-

|lyx.

I Segments of the calyx

I lanceolate ; leaves wide,

oval, acute, tomeiitose

underneath ; branches

expanding.

Sp. pl.2. p. 1119 Mich. 1. p. 305. Pursh. 1. p.357. Nutt. l.p, 312.
C. sterilis. Walt. 1. p. 151.

A shrub 3—7 feet high, erect, virgate, stoloniferous, the young
branches pubescent. Leaves opposite, sometimes acuminate, entire,
on short petioles. Floivers solitary, axillary and terminal, on short
branches. The petaloid segments of the calyx disposed nearly in 2
series. Filaments minutely pubescent, the interior generally without
anthers. Capsule turbinate, as large as a small pear, becoming dry
Avith the seeds loose, but never opening. Seeds oval, large.

Grovvs in fertile soils, along rivulets. Not rare in the upper dis-
tricts of Carolina and Georgia; very rare in the lower.

Flowers April. Sweet-scented Shrub*

3. Inodorus. E.

C. laciniis calycis li-
neari-Ianceolatis, pubes-
centibus ; foliis lanceola-
tis, supra scaberrimis ni-
tentibusque, subtus Isevi-
bus ; ramis patentibus.

Segments of the calyx
linear lanceolate, pubes-
cent ; leaves lanceolate,
scabrous and shining on
the upper, smooth on the
lower surface ; branches
expanding.

E.

A shrub, 4—6 feet high, with branches virgate, glabrows, though
bearing whea young a few scattered hairs. Leaves entire, sometimes

ICOSANDRfA POLYGYNfJL*

577

slightly acuminate, witit tlie veins conspicuous, (glistening as if viscid
on tlie upper surface, sinuotli uiulorm-afh excepting tlie veins, which
are pubescent, l* lowers lara;pr than ttiuse ol llie prrcedinj: species,
terminal and axillary : the axillary flowers generally on .-liort branch-
es. I'etaloiil se^uients ttl" tlie calyx tMck, dark purple, with the re-
fli'Cted suniuHts wiute, in series ot which the exienor and interior
are smaller than the intennediate segments. Filaments numerous^
inserted on the calyx in several series. Jnthera att.iched to the back of
the exterior filaments, none o-i the interior. Htyles snorter tliau liie
starnens. ifti^inas somewhat capitate.

1 propose this species with hesitation, yet it appears to me 8uffi«
cientiy dislinct. In the form and si/.e of the leaves it a;5rees with
the is. Floridus, but diHers iVoiu that species in their surface aid by its
inodorous dowers. Its leaves are smaller and le!>s acuminate tlua
those of C. Ixvigatus.

Grows in the low country of Georgia. Rare. Occurs occasiuaallj
in tjardens.

Flowers March — April.

3. L;EViGATrs.

C. laciniis calycis lan-
ceolatis ; toliis ovulihus,
sensiin acuininatis, sub-
ru^osis utrinque glab-
ris viiidibusqae ; rainis
stride crectis.

Se2;mpnts of the calvx-
lanceolate ; leaves oval,
gratluciily acuminate ;
somewhat rugose, glal)-
rous and green on both
sides ; branches straight
erect.

Pursh, 1. p. 358.

C. ferax Mich. 1. p. 305.

Stem 4 — 6 .feet high. Leaves large, oval and lanceolate, tCHminate,
thin, and scarcely at all scabrous on either surface.
Flowers in May.

4. Glalcus.

C. laciniis < alycis lan-
ceolatis ; toliis lanceo-
latis, lon,2;e acuminatis,
sul)tus giaucis j ramis pa-
tcntibus.

SesiTTients of the calyx
lanceolate ; leaves lan-
ceolate, with a long acu-
mination, glaucous under-
neath ; branches expand-
ing.

Pursh, t. p. 357.

Nutall, var. b. oblongifolius, l.p* 312.

C. fertilii ? AValt. I. p. 13i.

A 4

67S ICOSADRIA POLYGYNIA.

Shrub 6 — fi feet high, glabrous. Lmveft larger than in any other
Species, with very long acuminations, smooth underneath) with a fev7
hairs sprinkled along the veins. Flotvers large.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers Maj— June.

E.YD OF VOL. i:

D. H. HILL LIBRARY
North Carolina State Coltege

ADDENDA'

A few sprcies arc sul> joined, which have ocnirred
to Die since the publication ol the early numbers of
tliis work.

LiNDEUNIA Pni-RAClA

L eaule irracili. ei ecto,
ranioso. i>hil)ro; fohis ra-
(lican!)us, spathiihuoovcil-
ihus. superioril)Us subuli-
tis ; florihus solitariis, ax-
ilhiribus terrninalihusqu'-;
peduncuhs post llures
cenliani retVactis.

Stem slender, erect,
braiichinj*;. sjhih'ous ; ra-
dical leaves spathulate-
oval. up!)er leaves subu-
late ; flowers solitary,
axillary, and t- rininal; pe-
dun(.lc.s after flowering
nfr acted

Root pi-rennial. Stem erect, aii'^^led, slender, 8 — 12 inches hi;h,
brancliing. Uailical /^nivs. sp.ithulate, oval- and like llie whole plant
glabrous. Lower stew leaves small, laiiceola'e, sessile, upper leaves
subulate Floipers solitary, axillary and terminal, on pe«luncles
about an inch lon^. Calyx very small ilivided to the base, ComKa
much l.)iiu;er than the calyi. very pule, blue, the upperlip nearly as
Ion;; as the lo\\«'r» 67amf»«» slicrter tlian the corolla Slylt about as
ions; .'.8 the corolla. Stigma Lilameliate. tvdunclei alter flowering
refracted.

Grows arnu'id the mar:;ins of punds in Ram w oil district, South Ca-
rolina; in Hinke c<iunty.aud ntar Millcdgeville, Georgia.

Flowers June — Aujju-it.

FUIHENA lli^iroA E.

F. loliis piu'loi'i^is, va-
ginisque hispidissiinis ;
caule sn|)(rne hispido.
capitulis plui'il)us (5 — 8)
aisrcgatis, vahidis co-
rollifii5 0valis,n»ucionatis.

Leaves long;, and with
the sheiUh very hispifl ;
stem hisj)id ai)0ve: hea-ls
ma y (.1 — 8) clusteied ;
valvts of the corolla o-
vate, niucronate.

stem 1 — 2 f»*et hii^h, eici't and decumbent, smooth along the lower
joints. Leaves narrrow, tapering, 4-8 ir-rhes long;, many nerved. his-
pid, particularly on tiie I(»uer <iurlacf . Scales of the amentum, oval,
tlie outer ones hispid, the inner ones tiuely pubebceut, awn, long, eX"

880

ADDENDA.

panding. Stamens 3 scarcely longer than the corolla. Styles twice
as lonsr as stamens. >>tigmas 5.

Grow- in great abundance around ponds in the middle districts of
Georgia and Carolina, first sent to me from Milledgeville bj Dr. Boy-
kin.

Flowers July — October.

AiNDHUPoGoN SkCUMDUS. E.

A. paiiicula sub-rarno-
sa, erccra, secunria ; pe-
dunculis trifloris, (loriiius
mafculis suhulatis, vi!!o-
sis, hermaptirodito sessili,
valva altera villosa.

Panicle sparingly
branched, erect bj cund ;
peduncl'-s 3 flowered,
male florets subulate, vil-
lous ; the hermaphrodite
sessile with one valve vcr

ry villous.

Perennial. Stem erect 5 — 5 feet high. Leaves long, narrow, scab-
rous, particularly on the under surface. Sheaths hairy, sometimes
villous Panicle erect 12 — 14 inches long, composed of small branch-
es, that in t'leir natural state always turn to one side, blowers
awmewhat crowded on the branclies. Pedicels very slender, neutral
florets nearly as long as the fertile, generally appressed to one valve
of the calyx, which iscompar.tively naked, the other valve very hairy.
Corolla shorter than the calyx. Jiuthen about as long as the corolla,
yellow, opening at the summit. Awn four times as long as the calyx,
contorted.

This species, which though nearly allied to the A. Nutans, yet ap-
pears to me very distinct, grows in great abundance on the high ridg-
es between the Flint and Chatahoochie rivers in Georgia.

Flowers in September — October.

URALEPSIS. Nut.

Calyx bivalvis, 2 — 3
floiis, corolla brevior.
Coro/Za bivalvis, valva ex-
teriore longiore tiicuspi-
data, nervis villosis, he-
mina aiillata.

CoitNUTA. E.

U caule, foliisque an-
gustissimis pilosis ; pani-
cula gracili ; cuspide in-
termedia corollam super-
ante, demum recurva. E

Calyx 2 valved, 2 — 3
flowered, shorter than
the corolla. Corolla s
valved, the exterior valve
longer, 3 pointed. Nerves
villous. Seeds arillate.

Stem and leaves nar-
row, hairy ; panicle slen-
der ; intermediate awn
of the corolla longer than
the valve, finally recurv-
ed.

ADDENDA. 5tt

Stem about 2 leethigh anil like all tlio other Rpecleit of tins genug«
• Irv and harsh. Leaves scarcely a line in bri-adtli, the lower oneH 4 — 6
inches Ion:;, the upper very short. Sheath open, bhortcrthan the iu-
ternodcs, sometimes very hairy. J'on/c/*' composed otatew small, one
or 2 flowered LMaiiches. Valyx nearly equal, very acute, glabrous,
purple. Corolla lon^icr than the calyx, exterior valve purple, villous
alons; the niar;jins and back, deeply cloven. The midrib about dou-
ble tiie length of the corolla and a|>|)arently very i*li{j;hlly connected
with it ; erect when youn^, recurved and frequently persistent when
old.

^ince the publication of the first number of this work, the Aira Pur-
purea has been proposed by Mr. Nuttall as the type of this new pe-
nus, to which he has added a second species fi«m Jersey and Dela^
ware (IJ. Aristulata ) This wii constitute a third species of a genus
which though neaily allic; to I'risetum is very distinct, and of which
the species yet known are very conformable io habit.

LuDwiGiA Nat^ns. E.
L. nutans, rrpensque,
opposilis, spathuhito lan-
ceoldtis ; floribus axillai i-
bus, sessiliims ; petalis
calycem aequaniibus. E.

Swimminjrand creeping;
leaves opposite, spathu-
latp-lanceulaie ; flowers
a.xillar y, sessile ; petals
as Ions as the calvx.

The whole plant clabrous, creeping along the borders or swimming
in the waters of shallow streams, somewhat succulent. Leaves en-
tire, with an attenuated base nearly half an inch long. J* Lowers soli-
tary, axillary, sessile. Leaves of the calyx acuminate. Fetais yel-
low, as long as the calyx. Stamens about as long as the petals. Cap'
sute finely attenuated at base.

This plant has a striking affininity to the L. palustris of this woik,
(Isnardia palustris auct :) it appears to differ only bs its greater size,
which may be owing to situation ; by the presence of petals, and bj
the capsulfs. wliich taper more at the base.

Grows in small running streams, in Barnwell district) near the
Court house.

Flowers during the summer.

RUPPIA. Gen. pi. S35.
Calux 0. Corolla 0. I Calyx 0 Corolla 0.
Stmina 4, pediccllata. I iSeed -i, pedicellate.

Maritima.

Sp.pl. 1. p, 717. Lamarck illust. pi. 90.

/foof probably perennial. Sfgm long floating, glabrous. Z>aL'M al-
ternate filiform, embracing the stem at base witn an inflated sheath.
Feduncles axillary, somcwhtt spiral, long, bearing one or more flowerc

582

ADDENDA.

near its summit. Calyx? two small deciduous leaves at the base,
of each floret. *Snthers four, sessile. Gerins fi»ur, at first sessile.
atyle none. Stigma obi use. Frwif aone seede*! nut f ovate, slightly
bent at the summit on pedicels three or four times its own length.

Found by Dr. Baldwin near t. Mary's, Georgia and in Florida.

Flowers May — June, and probably through the whole summer.

EUYNGIUM PlUKENETII.

E. foliis longisjineaii-
lanceolatis, serratis, invo-
lucro 8-pliyllo, capitulis
longiore, foliolis dissec-
tis ; paleis triciispidatis.
E.

E.

Leaves lon.s:, linear laiu
ceolate, serrate ; involu-
crum 8 leaved, longer
than the head, with the
leafl. ts dissected ; chaff
3 awned.

Icon. Pluken, Amalt. pi S9G. f. 3.

Foot tuberous, prfemors-e. Stem 2 feet high, fistulous, glabrous,
branching near the summit Radical leaves 8- 14 inches lonir, scarce-
ly one half an inch wide, nervose. glabrous, the serratures becomitig
sometimes indis.inct with age. Leaver at the division of the branch-
es much dissected, of the involucrum deeply notched near the base,
serrated towards the summit. Leaves of tlie calyx mucronate. Co-
ToUa pale blue.

This species of Eryngium which was accurately figured by Pluke-
net, has latterly been forgotten, and the name of Plukenet. E. Virgi-
nianum applied to another species. Michaux was however correct
when he called the present E Virginianum. E. aquaticuni, considering
it as distinct from the plant of Plukenet. The roots of this plant were
sent to me accidently among some other roots taken up in St. Johns
Berkley; and flowered in my garden for one or two years.

Flowers May — June.

Myosurus.

Cali/x 5-phylliis, deci-
diius, basi porrectus. Pe-
iala 5, ungue fiiiformi
tuhuloso. ^emina plini-
ma, receptaculo longissi-
ino, spicatim disposita.

Minimus.

Sp. pi. 1. p 1568.

Jloot annual. Stem 0, Leaves 1
Sca2}e as long as the leaves, erect,
nariow, reflectea ? Corolla shorter

Calyx 5 leaved, deci-
duous, prolonged at base.
Petals 5, with their fili-
form claws tuhular. iSeeds
numerous, arranged in a
spike on a very long re-
ceptacle.

inear, entire, about 2 inches long.
1 flowereil. Leaves of the calyx
than the calyj^. HUmens 5 — 8,

ADDKNOA.

5^$

tXA 1(1112; a> the* calvx. Grrms niiiin'rous, on a subulate receptacle,
wliich alter t'lt* derdv of tlie c<»roll;i cxteiuls and hi'coiit s finally near-
ly two inclies lon-^. Seeds (capsules? cariopsides, Decandulle) sessile
closely apprrssrd rboiii1)oidal. acuminate at tlu* sumuiit

I can perceive no dift'ercnce between tliis plant and the European
species.

Fftuiul near Augusta. Georgia, by Dr. Leavenworth.

Flowers iu the spring.

PolAGONUlM FlMBRlATLMI. E.

P. spicis i);iniculdlis ;
fl.jiihus solitLniis, tiin')ii-
atis; ochre'H tiuncatis, ci-
liatis ; fnliis lineanl)u.s,
utiinqiie acutis. K

Spikes paniculate ;
t1f)wcr.s solitary, tiinhriate;
stipules truncate, frinj:;-
ed ; leaves linear, acute
at each end

Perennial .•* Stem about 2 feet high, terete, glabrous, branchinj^.
Stipules truncate, glabrous, fnnued. The small branches, from the
lonj fringes of tlie stipules, appear hairy. Leaves alternate, linear,
acute at each end, sessile, nervose, glabrous. Flowers in crowded
spikes. Spikes paniculate Flowers solitary at each joint, envelop-
ed at base with a bracteal sheath, which is oblique, and ternunatetl at
the summit with a long awn. Corolla while, tlie segments sometimes
tinged with rose colour near the centre, and finely fimbriate. Sta-
mens 8, as long as the corolla. Styles 3. Seeds 3 angled, slightlj
acuminate at the summit.

Ihis species should follow the P. polygamum, to which it is cJoselj
allied.

Grows on the poorest pine barrens, on the high ridges between the
Flint and Chatahoochie river, along what is termed the Federal road.

Flowers July — October.

INDEX

OF TUB GEJ^ERA AJVI) SPECIES

CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME.

Tlie Roman characters indicate the Genera and Speciei which are rCr.
tained ; the Italic are used for synonymes*

ACER,

barbatum

Carolinianum

dasycarpum

moiitanuin

ne'^umlo

nigrum

Pentisjlvanicum

rubruin

saccharinutn

strintum
Ai ERA I'ES

lonjjifolia
ACHYKANTHES

dicliotoma

Ficnidea

poly^onoides

re pens

vermicularis
ACORUS

calamus
.EGlLOPtl

aromaticuni
iESCL'I.US

diHcolor

flava

lutfa

inaciostachra

parvijloru

pavia
ACiAVK
Viijj;itiira
AGRIMONIA

eupatoria

suaveuleus

B 4

Page
449
451

449
4-19
452
4J2
450
451
4+9
450
431
316
317
309
308
510
309
309
310
403
403
177

ir7

425
436
43*)

43 ;

4Mi
437
435
402
402
533
535
556

AGROSTIS

alba

anomala

arachnoides

claiidestina

decumbens

dispar

indica

juncea

juncea

sericea

tenuiflora

tricluipodeB

▼irgiriica

AIRA
capillacea
CaroUniana
ffexuusa
mollis
obtusata
pallens
purpurea
triflora

ALE i RIS
alhn
aurea
farinnsa

AL1.-V1\
parviflitra
pLi<nta;^o
suhulata.
trivialis

ALLIOMA
aloida

134
137
99
134
138
136
136
138
137
137
135
134
135
139
151
152
151
151
154
153
151
132
153
398
393
3'J9
398
433
434
434
434
434
187

580

INDEX.

ALLIUM

Canadcnse

Canadense

cemuum

frngrans

inodorwn

mu labile

ornithogaliodes

striatum
ALOFECURUS

geniculata

pratensis
AMARYLLIS

atamasco
A V MANIA

humilis

ramosior
AMMI

capillaceum

costatum

divaricatum

tnajus
tSMJiYHSlJVE

buxifolia
AMSONI\

an^ustifolia

eiliata

lati folia

salicifolia

tabp.rncenion':ana
^MFKLOPslS

bipinnata

cor data

guinquefolia
ANAGaLLIS

arvensis

hirta
ANDROMEDA

acuminata

angustifolia

arborea

axiUaris

axillaris

caljculata

Catesbasi

CatesboBi

coriacea

ferruginea

formosissima

iioribunda

frondosa

Page

Page

385

laurina

488

385

ligustrinar

490

386

Mariana

493

385

nitida

486

386

/laniculata

490

386

panieulata

492

386

paniculata

491

386

racemosa

492

385

reticulata

488

no

rhomboidalis

487

I'l

rie;ida

489

111

speciosa

493

384

spinulosa

487

384

ANDROPOGON

143

218

alopecuroides

38

218

ambiguus

145

218

argenteus

148

349

avenaceum

145

349

ciliatus

144

350

dissitiftorus

. 149

35(1

furcatus

150

349

macrouros

149

483

melanocarpus

146

485

nutans

144

31S

purpurascens

ur

314

scoparius

14&

314

ternarius

\A7

313

tetrastachyus

150

313

vaginatus

148

313

Virginicus

149

3(^4

ANGELICA

352

304

lobata

353

306

lucida

353

305

triquinata

352

235

AJSTHOXAJ^TTHUM

37

235

giganteum

38

227

odoratum

37

227

ANYCIIIA

307

485

argjroconva

308

488

Canadensis

307

4^.6

dichotoma

307

491

herniarioid«s

308

487

APOCYNUM

314

487

androsaemifolium

314

485

Cannabinum

115

487

Cannabinum

315

492

pubescens

315

4«6

ARyVLIA

372

489

nudtcaulis

373

4S6

racemosft

373

488

spinosa

372

49Q

INDEX.

♦♦»

Tape

Patre

ARK V ART A

5 8

incamafa

3^0

Canadensi*

519

hnceolatti

323

Caroliniana

5:^0

lauiifolia

5'22

d'rtusa

a 9

Imigifiilia

317

glabra

520

nivea

3J4

rubra

510

obovata

021

serpyllifolia

518

obtusilolia

Ml

8({uarrosa

520

parvi folia

SS5

Rtric\a

521

paiipercuia

i2i

AKIS W\

140

pedicellata

326

adacensionis

142

perennis

323

dicliutoma

Ml

pli) tolaccnidcs

3l9

|;racilis

143

jiolystachya

320

aiiosa

I4.'f

purpiira.'-cens

322

spicifonnis

Ul

pui parasceas

322

stricta

U2

quadnt'olia

319

\ RON I A

556

toinertfosa

320

arbiitifolia

r>5G

tubernsa

575

botryapium

537

tuberosa

325

nielanocarpa

537

variegata

317

o- alis

558

vci ticillata

324

ARUNDIWRIA

90*

viridis

Sir

macrospcrina

96

vir iilis

027

JWLVV 0

96

ASP\RaGUS

$^9

gifrantea

96

officinalis

399

tecta

96

A 1 KOPA

277

A^AUUM

631

physaloides

$.77

arifulium

532

AUlAXANTIIUS

10^

L'anailense

531

ciliatus

102

CnroUnianum

531

rufus

103

Virginicum

532

AVKN \

ir4

Virginicuin

332

glumosa

174,

ASCLEPIAS

317

palubtris
rensylvanica

15t

ampiexicautis

S32

14

•ngastifulia

3'25

spicata

174

cintrea

3«.5

AZ\LEA

238

connivens

320

bicolor

SS9

cordata

3'J2

calendalacea

SS8

debi/is

523

canescens

S39

e.raltata

319

nuiiiflora

240

humistrata

322

periclymenoidei

240

hybrida

31S

viscosa

Ul

incaniata

317

E

;.

BAPTISIA

466

BATSCHIA

ttr

alba

468

cancsct-ns

- 227

australis

4o8

Gmelini ^H^

^r 22r

bracteata

4(i9

IJEJARIA W

•^ 532

UnceoUta

4ti7

racemosa

51S

perfftliaU

467

BKRBKKIS

412

tinctoria

467

Canadensis

412

villosa

468

vulgaris

412

5B9

INDEX.

Page

Page

BOERHAAVIA

41

BRUNNICHIA

521

erecta

41

cirrhosa

521

BlGJ^rOJVM

24

BUMELIA

287

catalpa

24

chrysophylloides

288

BRIZA

165

lanuginosa

288

eragrostis

165

lycioides

289

BUOMUS

172

reclinata

287

ciliatus

172

tenax

288

purgans

173

BURMAJ\rJ^M

43

secalinus

172

biflora

43

CACTUS

c.

537 CARDIOSPERMUM

460

opuntia

5i7

halicacabum

4b0

CALYCANTHUS

575

CASSIA

470

ferax

. 577

aspera

474

fertilis

577

Caroliniana

471

iioridus

576

chamsechrista

473

glaucus

577

fasciculata

473

inodorus

576

Jigustrina

472

laeviffatus

577

linearis

472

CALLICARPA

199

Marilandica

473

Americana

199

nictitans

474

CALLITTRICHE

4

occidentalis

471

aquatica

4

tora

471

heterophylla

f4

CATALPA

24.

verna

4

bignonioides

24

CJLY8TEGM

251

cordi folia

24

spithamcea

251

syringoefolia

24

Catesbeiana

255

CJlBOMBJi

416

•paradoxa

255

aubletii

416

sepium

253

CAULOPHYLLUM

411

CAMPANULA

261

thalictroides

411

acuminata

262

CEANOTHUS

290

amplexicaulis

262

Americauus

290

aparinoides

263

intermedius

291

divaricata

262

microphyllus

291

erinoides

263

perennis

291

flexuosa

263

CELTIS

335

perfoliata

262

occidentalis

335

CANNA

1

CENCHRUS

93

angustifolia

1

echinatus

93

ilaccida

1

tribuloides

93

glauca

1

CENTAURELLA

204

CANTUA

260

autumnalis

£04

cor onopi folia

260

paniculata

204

CAPRIFOLIUM

270

verna

204

bracteosum

272

CENTUNCULUS

203

flavum

271

lanceolatus

303

Fraseri

271

CEPHALANTHUS

186

gratum

272

occidentalis

186

parviflorum

272

Virginiana

540

sempervirens

370

INDKX.

58t

Page

Pag»

CEIUSTJU^M

52A

bipinnata

3.4

hirsutum

524

httilrracea

305

semidecandrum

524

statin

304

\lsc*^%\^^\l

524

CLAYTONI A

506

CRR{ IS

470

raroliniana

907

Canadensis

470

Vir; inica

SOS

CKUKSIA

109

Virf^inica

5or

fluitans

109

CLEIHRA

502

CKROPEGIA

?26

aruiiiitiata

SOS

palustris

see

alnifolia

503

CH vM.1':r()ps

431

alnifolia

502

histrix

431

paniculata

5oS

palmetto

481

scabra

50S

serrulata

431

tomentnsa

502

ch.i<:rophyli.um

:i57

COLLINSONIA

34

Canadcnse

358

anisata

3r

Claytoni

353

Canadensis

34

procumbens
CHENOPOUIUM

357

ovalis

35

329

prcBcox

35

album

330

punctata

SG

ambrosioides

330

purpurea

35

antbelminticum

331

scabra

35

botrys

330

aerotina

36

CHIM\PniLA

504

tuberosa

36

maculata

505

verticillata

SS

CHIONANTHUS

6

C0M\1KLI\A

4S

Virginict

6

angu<itifi/lia

49

CmRO.\JA

283

CarMniana

48

angular in
ralyco.<a

285

communis

48

285

communis

49

dichotoma

285

erecfa

48

lanceolnta

282

hirtella

49

panicnliUa
CULORA

283

lonj^ifulia

50

286

Vira;inira

49

dodecandra

286

CONOSTYLIS

403

CHLOUIS

177

Americana

403

monostachya

177

CONVALLARIA

395

^ mucronata

176

majalis

396

petrrpa

178

CON\() VULUS

250

n 1 RY SOB AL ANUS

539

aquaticus

250

oblunjjifolius

539

Carolinus

258

CHRYS08PLKNIUM

511

Catesbeianus

355

uppositifuUum
CICUT\

511

dissectus

260

356

humistratus

250

maculata

357

jalapa

25 S

CLWVA

147

macrorhi/.ug

252

lateral ii

149

obtusilnbus

252

glumerata

149

panduraius

253

ClRt\£A

6

paradoxus

255

alpina

7

purpureas

253

lutctiana

7

re pens

255

CISSUS

.104

Bai!;ittir(diu9

354

ampelopsis

305

Sherardi

J51

m

INDEX.

Page

Page

speciosus

254

pulesioides

28

spithamaeus

251

CUPHEA

546

Stans

251

vicosissima

546

tamnifolius

Q5Q

CUSCUTA

220

tenellus

250

Americana

22Q

trichosanthes

250

cr.\jjjvcHUM

316

trichosanthes

251

angustifolium

361

CORJ^U OVIM

99

( arolinense

328

hyemalis

99

obliquum

329

perennans

99

CTJVODOJ^

135

CORNUS

207

dactylon

133

asperifoHa

209

CYNOGLOSSUM

228

Canadensis

207

ampleocicaule

228

fastigiata

2^9

Virginicum

228

Florida

307

crvosuHvs

175

languinosa

208

indicvs

175

paniculata

209

CYPERUS

63

sanguinea

2c 8

articulatus

63

sanguinea

209

autumnalis

64

sericea

208

brizseus

65

stricta

209

compressus

65

CBAT^GUS

547

distans

72

arboresceus

550

enslenii

73

apiifolia

552

erythrorhizos

70

Caroliniana

554

fasciculatus

63

coccinea

553

flavescens

67

cordata

554

flavicomus

71

cru8 galli

548

filiculmis

66

elliptica

54-9

gracilis

68

flava

551

lydra

68

lucid a

548

killingaeoides

64

oxyacantha

552

mariscoides

67

parvifolia

547

odoratus

70

populifolia

553

pogeformis

64

populifolia

554

repens

69

punctata

548

spathaceus

75

pyrifolia

550

speciosus

72

spathulata

552

strigosus

70

tomentosa

547

tenuiflorus

70

turbinata

549

tetragonus

71

unilateralis

548

tuberosus

69

viridis ,^r rjr
viridis {X JiP;

551
551

vegetus
virens

65
66

CUCUBALIS ' "

514

CYRILLA

294

stellatus

514

Caroliniana

294

CUNILA

27

raceniiflora

294

mariana

27

D

DACTYLIS

155

DALTBARDA

571

glomerata

155

fragarioides

571

cynosurioides

94

lobata

371

maritima,

95

INDEX.

591

Pajfe

'»re

DATURA

275

DIGITARfA

131

stramuiiium

275

dactylon

133

tatula

276

filiformis

13S

DAUCUS

548

yaapalodes

104

carota

548

pilosa

191

divaricatus

3j6

sati^uinalis

131

pu>iltus

349

viliusa

132

DKCODUM

543

D1L4TIIIS

47

vcrticillatuin

454

Ileritiera

47

DEIFMARIA

5>3

tinctoria

47

barbara

533

DILEPYRVM

98

J^orsythia

534

aristosum

«S

sarmentosa

554

DWDM

190

DlJi.yTllERJl

hirsuta

191

ensiformis

11

hispida

191

ovata

U

teres

189

DIAPKNSIA

229

tetragona

190

aoieifolia

229

Virginica

'90

barbulata

229

DION^^A

479

Die HONOR A

338

niuscipula
DIFHYLLEA

479

i^aroliniensis

sss

411

DICHROMENA

89

cymosa
DIRCA

411

ciliata

90

448

lati folia

9»

palustris

448

leucocephala

89

DRO.-ERA

375

DIl RVILLA

273

foliosa

a76

canadensis

273

longifolia

576

lutea

273

rotundi folia

375

Tournefortii

273

DULR'HllJM

73

spathaceum

7S

E.

ECHITES

312

EPILOBIUM

445

diftbrmis

312

tetragonuin

445

pnbernla
ELELSINE

312

ERIANTHUS

38

175

alopecuruides

38

cruciata

176

brevibarbis

S9

jiliformis

175

contortus

40

Indica

175

saccbaruides

38

mucronata

175

titrictus

39

ELLiorriA

44i

ERIOGONUM

464

racemnsa

448

tdmentosum

465

ELYMLS

179

ERIOPHORUM

92

Carolinianus

IW)

Virgitucutn

92

Europ;i:us

181

cyperinun

91

hy^trix

181

erVngium

342

Btriatus

ISO

aquaticuin

042

Virginicus

180

aquaticum

343

ELYl'RARIA ' M H

aromaticum

344

virgrita *

12

fii'tidum

344

EPIGXEA

500

gracile

345

repens

iOl

ovalifolium

343

59£

INDEX.

Plukenetii
virgatum
"Virginianum
yuccifolium
EltYTHRONnUM
Americanum

FEDIA

radiata
FERULA.

villosa
FESTUCA

bromoides

distichophylla

duriuscula

jiuitans

grandiflora

multiflora

myuros

myuros

nutans

octqflora

parviflora

polystachya

procuwbfns

guadrifiora.

tenella

GALAX

aphylla

rotundifolia
GALIUM

Bermudianum

circaezns

C'laytoni
' cuspi datum

hispidulum

hispidum

laiifolium

pilosum

puncticulosum

purpureum

trifidum

triflorum,

uniflorum
GAULTHERIA

procumbcns
GAURA
^ aogustifolia

biennis

i

Page
582

denscanis

343

lanceolatum

343

EUONYVIUS

342

American us

389

angMstifolius

389

atropurpureus

F.

42

unioloides

42

FIMBRISTYLIS

351

castaneum

351

puberulum

168

spadiceum

168

FOTHERGILLA

167

alnifolia

171

Gardeni

163

FRAGARIA

171

Canadensis

169

vesca

169

Virginiana

169

FRASERA

172

Walteri

168

Carohniensis

170

FUIRENA

169

hispida

169

scirpoidea

169

squarrosa

168

G.

295

GELSEMINUM

295

nitidum

295

sempervirens

594

GENII AN A

196

acuta

197

amarelloides

194

angustifolia

197

Catesbsei

195

crinita

195

ochroleuca

194

purpurea

196

quinqueflora

196

saponaria

196

saponaria

194

GEUM

197

album

195

Carolinianum

501

radiatum

501

Virginianum

445

GILLENIA

445

stipulacea

446

trifoliata

rage
389
389
292
292
292
293

171

84

84

85

84

546

547

547

575

575

575

575

205

205

205

53

579

54

53

311
311
311
339
342
341
341
339
341
340
341
341
339
340
572
572
573,
57S
572
561
562
562

INDEX.

f?3

Papc

Page

^omvuhexa

3(^9

ana^nUidetL

16

polyi^nujidt'ii

309

aurea

15

vermiculnris

510

nief^alocarpa

16

GONOhOUUS

6-'7

Qjficinalis

IS

Caroliniensis

3-8

pel uviatia

15

hirsiitus

3 8

piU)Ha

13

inai-Topliyllus

S27

quatlndentaia

14

ol)li(jU(18

5 -'8

ramosa

14

prostraius

5 9

splia^rucarpa

H

GKAIIOLA

12

tetragona

15

acuminata

16

Viigiuica

12

acuminata

13

H.

IIALKSTV

507

HousroNr\

191

tliptf ra

508

anzustifulia

492

tetiaptcra

507

cmrulea

191

U \MAMKLI3

219

CfBl'ilea

192

in<icropliylla

£20

Linuuci

191

Virjinica

£19

Linncei

192

HKDEOMA

27

loniiiri)lia

192

puleirioidcg

28

palens

191

BE I) ERA

305

purpurea

193

arb'irca

504

rotutidifolia

193

qmnqurfnlict

305

serpvUilulia

19J

HKDYOilS

137

variana

195

auricularia

188

HVDR\NGEA

509

glomer. ta

188

abnrescens

509

umbel lata

193

coidata

509

HE HO IIOPIUM

22+

nivea

510

Curassavicuin

224

que-cifolia

510

Indicuin

2C4

radiata

510

HELONIVS

4^1

vii'^atis

509

An>;ustirolia

421

HYiVROCOTYLE

545

ai»V-'<»t't^l'J'J*^3

422

Americana

346

dioica

4.23

cymljalanfolia

546

dubia

422

ficari'i«l<'8

347

ervthrosperma

4Jl

intorrupta

345

gramint-a

423

lincata

347

luten

4'2S

remformis

347

DEHITIERA

47

repanda

347

^melinn

47

uniMlnta

346

HKL'i HF.RA.

337

un^ be Mala

346

Americana

337

vulgaris

345

caulesccna jL
curtusa ^HJ'B'

:?38

HYDKOLEA

535

337

Caroliniana

536

hispida

5r.7

coryr»b(tsa

336

vi>cida

337

qua«lrivalvis

336

HnrroNIA

231

HVDROPHYLLUM

232

inflata

231

Virsinicum

2J2

jpcuustris

331

BYPF.HI' UM

S7I

nudicauU

sri

C 4!

3?4

INDEX,

Pa.^e

Page

sarnfhra

S7 1

filifolia

397

HYP.'XIS

396

graminea

S96

Caroliniensis

396

juncea

397

erecta

596

l&J.

JLLLECEBRUM

309

jsj\r^Ri)U

211

achyranika

309

pahistris

fill

jicoideum

310

ITEA

293

polifgonoides

309

cy villa

294

vermiculatum

310

Virginica

293

IMPAIIENS

SOS

IXIA

44

bi flora

304

ccelestina

44

noli tangere

304

JUNCUS

404

nob tanjrere

303

acuminatus

409

IPO MCE A

257

acutus

404

bonanox

3o7

aristatus

408

Carolina

260

hie amis

406

Carolina

258

bifloriis

407

cocciiiea

258

bufouius

407

dissecta

259

bufonius

407

jalapa
lacunosa

253

campesitris

410

259

dichotomus

406

nil

259

echinatus

410

orbicularis

257

efFusus

405

jiurpurca

252

fiiiforvus

406

iamnifoUa

2i6

marginaUiS

4(18

trichocarna

258

nodosus

409

JVOMOPSia

260

polycephalas

409

elf'gans

200

polycephalu»

410

JRIS

44.

repens

4(8

cristata

44.

setaceus

405

cuprea

46

tenuis

406

full' a

56

triglumis

408

hexagona

46

JUSSIEUA

■ 408

Iridentata

45

s-rancliflora

480

tripetala

45

JUSTICIA

10

verna

44

ensiformis

If

versicolor

4S

humilis

11

Virginica

46

pedunculosa

11

JSCHMMUM

179

seciindatum

179

K.

KALMIA

480

KYLUNGIA

54

angustifolia

481

inacuiata

55

cuneata

482

nionocephala

54

hirsuta

482

ovularis

75

latifolia

481

1

pumila

r

55

LACIINANTHES

L.

47 LAURUS

461

tinctoria

47

a-'stivalis

463

benzoin

4&g

INDEX.

SOS

P;i(re

borhnnin

402

Caroliuicnsis

461

Catcsbevatia

4G2

diospyroides

404

diospynis

464

geniculata

463

nipllissafolia

4G4

P'^iidubfnxoin

463

sassafras

464

LECHEA

183

juncifntia

185

major

184

minor

181.

racemul'tsa

18;

t»'nuif(tlia

185

tlivmifolia

185

LEKRsr\

100

« lenticularis

100

orvzoides

101

Vir^jinira

100

L E (LYTIC E

411

thalictmides

411

LEIOPIIYLLUM

4 S.I

buxifnliuin

48J

LEPUROPEI'ALON

370

spathulatmn

370

LKHTSTICUM

351

barbinode

352

pus ilium

356

LI LIU VI

3S7

Canaflense

3Si

raroliiiianum

38S

• Catcsbii

387

■ martngon

388

Pliiladelphicum

387

superbuni

889

LINDERSIA

16

atfenuata

17

dilata

16

pii.ridnria

10

LINLM

3^5

Vircinianum

37.5

LirHOSPERMUM

2'25

arvcnse - ^^tQi

1 2'25

LOBELIA ^yj^P

• 264

ainoena ^^^^^V^

267

cardinalig ^^|H

26s

clajtoQiana "^^

265

crnssiuscula

ulBridulusA

iiindta

Kalmii

pullida

pubciula

syphilitica

syphih ica

Lojyjc FRji

iJirrvilla

dinica

Jlava

^rata

syiu ph nricarpa
LUDNVIGIA

alata

alternf'-'ia

alternitiilia

angu>t Julia.

apftala

arcuata

capitata

cvliiKirica

decurrens

glati(iuli)!>a

liii "uta

juss (uoides

i^nceulata

linearis

vvicrncurpa

niicrttcarpa

mollis

tiltida

p<ilu>-tris

pedunculosa

pilosa

raiiiosi>sima
rudts

spiurocarpa

suffruticosa

viij^ata
LYCIUM

('ar(»linianura

LY oprs

anjajustifoliua

oxaltatus

Eiiropu'us

ginuatu!)

VirKinicn^

Page
a65
265
2<i6
364
2()5
267
266
267
27X
i7i
272
271
272
273
211
212
216
2l7
215
211
i\5
SI4
2i3
217
212
£|6
217
213
214
2i7
212
214.
fill
211
215
2i6
217
214
213
215
21G
«99
2 0
25
26
2G
26
20
23

59S

INDEX.

Page

Page

LYONTA

SI6

punctata

233

maritima

S16

quadriflora

^34

LYSIMACHTA

232

quadrifolia

234

angustifoHa

234

qudiirit'olia

233

ciliata

233

Virginianum

226

Serbemonti

232

LY THRUM

544

heterophj-Ua

235

alatum

545

hrr<iuta

233

lanceolatum

544

Jiybrida

234

iineare

545

l^nceolata

233

virgatum

544

lanceolata

235

verticillatum

544

longifolia

234

M.

M9LU8

559

MICRANTHEMUM

IT

angustifolia^

559

emarginatum

18

coronaria

559

orbiculatum

17

MARIS US

74

MIC ROPE T ALUM

522

cylindricus

74

lanuginosuoi

523L

echinatus

75

MILIUM

103

retrofractus

74

distichmn

104

J^UVJCA

50

paspalodes

104

^ublfti

50

MITCHELLA

198

fluviatilis

50

re pens

198

MED; OLA

425

MOLLUGQ

183

Vir^inica

425

verticillata

183

MELaNTHIUM

417

MONARUA

23

dioicum

4l'3

ciliata

SO

hybriduin

418

clinopodca

28

loBtum

421

fistuiosa

29

Jhnnoicum

418

gracilis

29

mnscmtoxicum

421

mollis

29

racemoaum

424

punctata

SO

Virginicum

418

MONOCERA

176

•Virginicum

420

aromatica

177

MELIA

475

MONOTROPA

477

azedarach

475

hypopithys

478

MEtJCA

1;)4

lanuginosa

478

glabra

154

morisoniana

477

niutrica

154

uniflora

477

MEJVYiJK'THElS

230

MONOTROPSIS

47a*

trnchysperma

230

odorata

479

MENZIESIA

447

WUHLENBERGIA

98

globularis

447

diffusa

98

MKSFILUS

558

erecta

98

amelanchier

558

MYLO<.ARIUM

508

arbutifolia

557

ligustrinum

508

Canadensis

558

MYosons

225

hye.malis

551

Virginana

225

laciniata

547

MYllRHlS

358-

Claytoni

S5S

INDEX,

69f

Paee

rige

N.

J^AmUECIUM

424

Aicjixnns

gtr

piih^ns

424

phtffaloides

ftrr

NECTIUS

4:6

NOlilNA

4€5

a(|iiatica

41'^

Georgiana

4«9

pa it at a

416

0.

(E VJi^*TIrb:

354.

ONOSMODIUM

S£6

Jilifnrmis

354

hispiiiuin

sec

Carolhiftisia

554

OlMIlOUKIilZA

U7

(ENOIIIEUA

441

lanreolttta

iSs

biennis

441

initicida

ur

biennis

443

mitrenla

*H

chrysuntlia

444

ovatifolia

far

Fraseri

443

ORNITIIUGALUM

S9f

fruticosa

442

croceum

S97

^randiflora
<ybri<ia

442

OKONTirM

404

442

aquaticucn

404

liiiiearis

444

OXAL[S

525

minima

443

corniculata

535

moUisfima

441

furcata

5S7

inuricata

441

Lyoui

atr

pumila

44+

recurva

5S0

siiiuata

443

stiirta

536

OLDEJ^LJiXDIA

188

viulacea

535

slomerata

181

OXYCOCCUS

44a

OLK\

5

erectus

44r

Americana

5
P,

erj'tnrocarpus

447

PANCRATIUM

882

diverjeng

ISO

inaritimum

S8:{

eiisifolium

136

Mexicaniiin

383

Jili forme

133

FANICUM

111

geniculatum

lit

alopccurodeum

112

p;ibbuin

116

amaruni

121

glaucum

112

anceps

118

lymnocarpon
lians

iir

ansustifoliuiD

129

118

barbulat'im

127

hertellum

115

brcvi folium

122

Italicum

lis

c a pi I (are

12'>

la-vigatum

112

ceiichroides

111

lanugiriosam

139

ciliatum

126

lati folium

119

Corruu;atum ^"^Sf

113

inelicarium

1st

galli ^H^B

11 +

microcarpon

I2r

daciylun ^J^Km

133

miliaceum

IIT

d.bile ^«^W

129

tnolle

116

dichotomum

124

multifloruiu

\i%

dichot'tmijtorum

117

nerv(wnm

131

dimidiatitin

1'5

nitidum

in

divaricatum

118

ovale

125

.^8

INDEX.

paucifloriim

pubescens

ramulosum

sanguinale

scabriusculum

scoparium

sphtcrocarpoa

strigosum

•villosum

vrgatum

viscidum

Walteri
PARNaSSIA

asarifolia

Caroliniana
PASi'ALUM

ciliatifolium

dasyphyllum

debile

dissectum

distichum

Floridanum

laeve

membranacewni

mucronatum

plicatulum

praecox

purpurascens

setaceum

vaginans
PENl'HORUM

sedoides
PHACELIA

fimbriata
TllJiLJiJ>fGIUM

croceum
PHALARIS

Americana

arundinacea

villot^a
FHARJsrJliEUM

maritimum
PHIL iDELPHUS

grandiflorus

inodorus
PHLEUM

pratense
PHLOX

acuminata

aincena

aristata

Pac^e

121)

Carolina

125

Carolina

129

cordata

ISl

divaricata

121

^laberrima
latifolia

119

125

maculata

126

macidnta

124.

nitida

120

paniculata

123

paniculata

115

pilosa

371

pilosa

372

pyramidalis

37 i

reptans

104

setacca

105

stiilonifera

105

suaveolens

105

subulata

10.5

trifloia

108

undulata

107

PHYSSLIS

10G

angulata

109

lanceolata

109

obscura

107

Pennsylvanica

106

Peruviana

108

pubescens

104

pruinosa

109

tomentosa

528

viscosa

528

PHYIOLACCA

2'iC)

decandra

23t>

PINCKNEYA

398

pubens
PINGUK ULA

398

101

cmrulea

101

elatior

1-02

lutea

102

puraila

556

PLANER A

556

Gmelini

538

PLANIAGO

538

Caroliniana

538

Caroliniana

110

interrupta

110

lanceolata

242

major

242

sparsijlora

247

Virginica

246

Virginica

Pap«
245
246
244
248
246
243
244
245
245
242
243
247
24r
243
248
249
248
244
249
245
24.3
277
278
278
279
278
278
280
279
280
279
530
530
268
209
18
IS
18
19
19
SS4
334
201
201
202
202
202
201
202
201
202

INDEX.

PLKEA

t'-iiuifulia
PO\
ainabilis
ambi':;u.i
an^iistifdlia
annua
autnninalig
capillaiis
conft'ita
cristatn
eiaijrostis
/Initans

f^onifrata
irsuta
(iiipuoides
nitida
parviflora
pectmacea
prntensis
qiiinqucfida
refracfa
reptans
ri:;iHa
SPslt'rniJes
simplp.v
sppctahilii;
stolonifera
striata
tenella
tenuis
viridis
FOiULVRLq
alba

aitstralis
cccrulei
ffrfoliata
tinctoria
viiiJJ'ira
i>! toaa

Pono^riGMA

putiescens
viridis

POLKMOMUM

repfans
PO YJ'ARPON

stifiulijifinm
tptraplivllum
POLVGOWILM
an^;Hvtif(Aium
b flftrum
xnultiflorum

Pttfre
4o5
465

ise

105

KiO

158

159

156

158

164

Kil

ld3

158

157

1G3

16'2

157

I' 1

1(J4

lfj4

162

1-3

164

164

157

lfi2

150

157

ICiO

156

159

469

469

4o8

468

467

467

467

468

326

326

St?

261

261

182

51

182
383
393
393
594

pubpgcens
P0LHin\ELL4

pnrvij'„lin
POLYGON L'M

ariloluim
aviculare
bar ha turn
bistnrta
cttnvolvulus
fimbriatum
hirsutuin
hi/dropiper
hydrnpiperuides
incarnatum
tinifoiium
marinnm
maiitiniutn
mite

oiientnle
Ponnsylvanicum
ptTsicaria
polv;:amum
punctatum
sai^ittatum
scandens
sctaccum
tcnue

Viruinianum
p. iLYPREMlM

procuinbens
PONTEDERIA
cordata
lancifniia
POIITULACCA

oleracpa
POIAMOGETO^
fluitans
cranuneiim
heteropbyllum
hvbridum
paucifliirum
PO FEN TILL A
('anadensis
Nurwe^ica
simplex

r(f runs

ovatn
PROSERPINACA

palustris
pcctina'a
j)aiustri5

Patce

594

458

458

453

459

453

456

454

4 9

583

455

4 6

456

456

454

453

453

456

457

457

45G

553

455

458

459

455

454

454

200

200

381

382

382

534

534

231

221

222

222

222

222

578

573

573

574

404

404

181

181

182

182

4$0

INDEX.

Page

Page

FRUNUS

539

monophylla

211

Caroliniana

540

tiifoliata

210

chicasa

542

PULMONARIA

228

fayemalis

542

Virginica

228

hirsutus

541

PYROLA

504

itisititia

542

tnaculata

505

f^usitanica

540

rotundi folia

504

maritima

543

PYRUS

558

pumila

541

angustifoUa

558

serutina

541

coronaria

559

sptnosa

543

PFXWJiJrrHERJ

Virginiana

540

barbulata

229

umbellata

541

spathulata

370

PTELEA

210

r

X

qUERM

$07

\

R

BJlFJ\rM

elegans

361

perfoliata

467

glabrum

361

MiMfS-U

pu mil urn

361

ovata

521

radicans

363

ilHAMNUS

g88

toxicodendron

363

Carolinianus

289

typhinum

360

niiHutiflorus

? 9

vernix

362

volubilis

390

RHYNCHOSPORA

57

fiHdPIS

alba

57

acauUs

430

caduca

62

RHEXIA

437

capitellata

61

alifanus

438

cymosa

58

anguhtifolla

4^8

distaiis

59

ciliosa

439

fascicularis

60

glabella

438

glomerata

61

iance.olata

438

inexpansa

61

linearifolia

440

longirostris ^_4^
vnicanthra '

59

lutea

440

58

Mariana

437

pluinosa

58

Mariana

438

punctata

60

petiolata

439

rariflora

58

septemnervia

440

sparsa

£2

stricfa

439

RIBES

295

Virginica

439

gracilc

296

RHODODENDRON

483

rotundifoliuiQ

29^

Catawbiense

485

ROSA

563

maximuin

483

Carolina

565

minus

484

Carolina

564

punctatum

484.

Caroliniana

663

RHUS

360

gemella

564

aroinaticum

364

laevigata

566

^pallinum

S63

lucida

ses

index:.

Cfk

Pape

Pag©

Luto^icns

666

occidcnfalrs

568

pn villora

563

pnrvifolius

568

J^funsylvauica

565

tiivialis

569

S»'(ij^er a

565

VlllosUS

567

suaviM»l»Mis

5b(j

RIMKX

4\S

RoriHOKLLIA

178

aceto>sfl1a

415

dill) ill lata

179

Britaiinicua

414

RUIilA

198

crixpus

414

IJrownei

198

divaricatus

415

pere^riiia

198

hastatulus

416

Rrms

567

persicariuides

415

cuiipitoliiis

5 8

pulclier

413

fta:;pllaii.s

569

saiiti;uineU3

413

frnticusuS

507

verticil latuB

413

hispid us

5 9

RUPI'IA

581

oiiovatus

570

mdritima

sn

odoratUB

570

S.

9 A HAL

4S0

ccBlestina

33

adansoni

430

( la>t«)ni

52

puinila

4Sw

cnccinea

39

SABBATIA

282

l^'rata

31

annularis

285

tSlexicana

38

bra' tiiuta

284

obdvata

S3

calyi dsa

285

verhenaca

S3

cIdoi-<»itli'S

286

uriicifi'lia

32

coi_vmi»(»sa

285

SAMBUCU3

868

geiitiaiioides

286

Canadensis

368

grarilix

1284

puhens

568

paniiiilata

282

pubescens

568

Htfllari>

284

SaMOUJS

263

5./' < ihiltUM

38

vaK-ratidi

263

i^igant^uin

38

SANGUI-ORBA

S06

bm'ibarbe

39

Canadetisis

806

SAGINA

321

media

806

p'^ocumbcns

2-21

SANl(;UL\

348

Virginica

204

Marilandica

548

S\l.ll OkMA

3

SA PI >ur 6

460

aiiibit^ua

4

sapimaria

460

lit rbacea

3

8a PON A III A

513

SAI. -Ol.A

331

oflicinalis

514

Caruliniana

331

SAROIHRA

373

linear is

5 2

gentianoides

371

salsa

3j2

SAURIJRUS

432

SALVIA

31

cernuus

438

acuminata

33

S AX 1 FRAG A

511

an^ustiJuUa

33

erusa

512

ftZiUrea

33

D 4

60S

INDEX.

,

Page

Page

leucanthemifolla

512

pendu^us

87

Virgin lensis

511

polyphvllus

88

scAJS'nix

S57

puberulus

85

vrocumbens

S57

pusillus

75

SCHOENUS

56

qua Irangulatus

78

albus

57

retrofractus

74

capiteltatvs

61

robustus

86

corniculatus

59

schcenoides

89

distans

60

simplex

76

ett'usus

56

spadiceus

84

fascicularis

60

spathaceus

73

hi^pidulus

56

stennphyllus

83

iripxpansus

62

sulcatus
trichodes

86

lon^irosfris

5'^

76

varifiorus

58

triqueter

80

setaceus

56

tuberculatus

78

sparsus

62

validiis

81

umbdlatus

59

SEUTTM

528

SCI K PUS

75

pulchellum

529

acicularis

76

pusilium

550

Amtfricanus

80

tclepliioides

529

autuiniialis

82

ternatum

529

brunneus

87

SELINUM

350

capillaceus

75

' anadense

351

capiLaris

82

SE^UVIUM

555

capitatus

77

peilunculatum

S.'iS

castaneus

84

pentandrum

556

castaneus

84

portulacastrttm

555

cephal des

89

sessile

556

ciliatifuiius

82

SIDEROXYLOJ^

287

coarctatus

83

chrysophultoides

fi»8

debilis

79

lanuginosum

288

divariratus

88

lycioides

287

echtnatus

75

IcBve

287

equisftoides

79

reclinatum

287

eriop/iorum

91

sericeum

288

exaltatus

87

Unax

288

ferrujjineus

85

SILhNE

515

£liformis

7(?

antirrhina

517

geiiicuiatus

77

Caroliniana

^516

lacustris

81

Catesbcei

515

lineatus

87

fimbriata

515

maritimus

Z6

ovata

517

minimus

82

PennsyWanica

515

mucronatus

80

quinquevulnera

515

mucronatus

80

V irginica

516

inucronulatus

82

SISON

S55

fiitens

87

Canadense

358

palustris

77

marginatuin

S53

INDKX.

60S

Pajfe

V-^S^

pusilliiiu

356

SPIRilvV

550

triloliaturu

356

aruncus

513

SUM

353

anincus

501

il«'nti( ulatum

35 i

Iul>ata

561

nuditlurutu

555

opiiHrulia

560

ri^iilius

553

saliciinlia

500

p rigidnis

354

stipnlnct'a

562

tereti'olium

55 +

tumcntosa

5 0

tricuspitlatum

354

trifnlidta

562

SMlL\v INA

3^4

ST \ PHY LEA

369

racemosa

395

trilnlia

5 9

uinliellata

39. S

STMCIE

574

SMYUMUM

35«)

Cariiliniana

374.

afropurpureum

St'O

liinoriiiiin

374

auri'um

359

SIKLLMUA

5ir

birbmode

352

pr<)>trata

51R

cordatuin

359

piibrra

5 r

intt'sierrimiiin

300

unijlora

520

SOL.i.\Ji\UiU

295

STIPA

l;9

cnrdfnlin

£95

avenacca

139

SOLANTM

280

bar bat a

139

CJaiolinensc

2.S2

capillaris

140

maiiimosuin

281

diifio-a

13S

niirruin

280

VH'lanocarpa

146

V'irjritiianum

281

sericea

135

sni'uuuA

467

sfricta

140

alba

469

7'illni>a

145

lancfn'nta

467

SriPUI.ICIDA

51

perj'n/iata

467

solacea

51

tinctitria

4 7

SIREPIOPUS

S92

villi>$a

468

rcseiiH

392

SOU BUS

555

S1YR\X

505

aucuparia

555

gtnbrum

508

microcarpa

553

glabrum

Si7

Sr.\lll INA

94

grandiflnrum

505

glabra

05

^riitidillui'Uia

505

juncea

94

lifve

50ft

polvsfachia

95

(ifficinaU

505

SPERGIJLA

523

piilverulentum
SYKN \

505

arvensis

523

50

decumbens

5^3

fiuviatilis

50

nodosa

52 J

SY ^IPM()REA

272

fia^iroid''S

5'.'3

jllniiicrata

2?3

SVERGUL iSTRUJf

622

SIM 1*11(1 lilCjlRPUS

27S

lanusnii^um

5Z2

rttljfaris

373

SPKKMACOCB

18S

Si vriiEiiioJU

131

diodina

180

pro'cov

131

inviilucrata

189

s*-ri)tina

132

tenuior

188

viUo'^n

132

SPIGKI.I V

23 f J

Mariiaiidica

236

1 ^ ■^ " n

^^^

m

INDEX.

Pag'e

r.

Page

TJiBERJSrMMOJ^T^;^

VJ 313

TRTCHODITTM

99

anis ma

S'3

di'cuwbens

99

Talinum

535

laxiflorum

99

teietifoliuin

535

porennans

99

THALIA

2

TRICOPI ORUM

91

flealbata

2

cvpeiinum

91

THjiPSU

359

linentum

87

trfnliata

359

TRIGL0( HIN

417

THE8IUM

310

trianHriim

417

corymbulosum

311

TRILLIUM

426

Udibellatum

311

Cat sbsei

429

TI\RELLA

513

cernuum

429

biternata

513

cernuNin

428

TILLANDSIA

378

erectum

427

Bartramii

379

ervthrocarpum.

428

monnstachya

379

graiidiflorum

427

recurvata

380

nervosuin

429

usneoides

379

penduluin

428

TOFIELDIA,

4?4

pic him

428

glaberrima

424.

pum lum

427

pubens

424.

pusiiluiii

427

"pubescent

4-f4

rhomboldpiim

427

TR\I>ESCANTU

380

TRIOS PEUM

2t9

criUata

3^0

aiigustitolium

270

rosea

381

ma jus

269

"Virginica

380

minus

270

Virsinica

381

perfoliatum

269

TR^CUYM'OTU

94

TRIPJERELLA

42

June e a

94

capitata

43

polystachya

95

coe nlea

43

TUIBULU'S

476

TURN ERA

369

maxim us

476

cibtoides

370

terrestris

476

u.

ULMUS

3.S3

UTRICULAUIA

20

alata

334

biflora

23

Americana

353

bipartlta

22

campestris

334

ceratophylla

20

fulva

333

fihi osa

20

pumila

334

gi')l)a

22

rubra

334

inflata

20

UN 10 LA.

IbS

infe^ra

23

gracilis

168

longirostrls

21

lati folia

167

personata

23

maritima

166

pumila

24

nitida

167

purpurea

21

paniculata

166

saccata

21

spicata

166

setacea

23

subidata

24

#»

Index.

Pape

PaifB

VVI^LAUIA

5«)(»

pfrfoliata

S9t

flava

390

|)ub(*rula

S91

urantliflora

S91

sc!»!>ilifulia

592

periuiiata

390

V.

VACCIMLM

494

pereeiina

10

arboreuiti

495

brr|)yllirolia

6

corvinbiisutn

4'.»8

^ irniniia

7

cra>sir()liuin

49

VIHURNUM

364

diffusum

496

acerifoliuin

StA

dis morphum

498

ca-Hin<iides

S(<<>

dunutsuin

49r

cussinoidfs

S(^

erythrucarpum

4-47

deiitatum

Sii4

f ondusum

497

hvvigiituiu

3iJ

fuscatum

499

lcntaj>;o

StiS

galezans

499

obnvatiim

266

g ucuin

497

piuiiir>liiim

3t>S

490

VUJ.AR-slA

230

mucrunatum

49o

cordata

sso

mvrsitiifes

494

trachvspiTtna

330

my rti folium

495

viYcEroxicUM

S^i

myrtilloides

500

acaivhucarpus

s^s

nitiilum

49+

ffonorarpos

S38

J'fnnsylvanieum

500

VI()L\

39S

reRiiiosuiii

49i

arvensis

jot

gtamineiira

496

a^tarifolia

299

tcnelluin

500

blanda

S98

■virgafum

498

Canadensis

301

VJiGLWiltlA

54

caniiia

301

Richnrdi

54

claitdestina

39S

V.iLhHhlvji

42

concnlor

soi

Inciista

42

cordnta

S99

^T.RxTRUM

419

curullata

29S

anirustiloliurn

420

dfbiUs

3OI

li.teum

4 3

digitata

300

parviflorum

41!*

ha-tata

80«

viride

419

lanceolata

S96

vkrbascum

273

palmata

soo

blattaria

274

pedata

300

lychnitis

274

P' imulifolia

29r

thap«««

274

rotutiditulia

298

VERONICA

7

saijittata

399

atcrestis

9

striata

SI

anat^allis

9

tripartita

3 «

arTcnsis

9

villoma

29f

Caroliniana

10

ri lis

304

officinalis

8

arborea

SOf

w.

WENDLANDIA

433

populifolia

43g

€QS

INDEX.

page

Page

X.

XVRIS

51 flexuosa

51

bievi folia

52 juncea

53

CaroliniantL

51 jupicai

51

fimbriata

52

Y.

YUCCA.

400 . filamentosa

4oa

aliofolia

401 gloiiosa

400

draconis

401 recurvifolia

z.

401

ZANXHORHIZA

376 ZIGAHENITS

420

apii folia

377 glaberriiDus

420

ZIZY^'HUS

289

volubilis

290

n

P.l.V.

N?l

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