St?? i. B. Mill Ctbrarg

5?nrtit (Earnltna g»tatp (TollFap

r^^^=f

SPECIAL COLLECTIONS

0K12S
Eh

\y

This book must not be
taken from the Library
building.

2SM JUNE 58 FORM 2

.« * •* ^m •Ts . ^

: Jt

A

SKETCH

OF THE

BOTANY

OP

SOUTK-CAROLZNTA ANJ> GEORGIA.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

BV STEFKEir EX.LIOTT, LL.D.

VOLUME ir.

CHARLESTON:
PUBLISHED BY J. R. SCHENCK.

1824.

PREFACE.

AFTER many interruptions this Sketch of
the phaenogamous plants of South-CaroHna and
Georgia has at length been terminated. It was
commenced when a work of this description was
much wanted; it has been continued after that
want has been in a great measure supplied, from
a sense of obligation to those who had encour-
aged its publication.

That this work should be imperfect was una-
voidable. The author has never had leisure or
opportunity to visit every portion of the district
whose plants it includes; he has had no access to
Botanic Gardens where he might observe and
examine those plants which had escaped his
own researches; he has been able to consult but
a very small number of the costly works, or
even of the journals in which in Europe descrip-
tions of the plants of North America are occa-
sionally published, and he has had no opportunity
of inspecting any herbarium but the one which
through the kindness of his friends and his own
exertions he has himself formed. Under such
circumstances it will not be surprising if he shall

JV PREFACE.

be found to have published under new names
some species already known in Europe, some
which may have been imperfectly or incorrectly
described by preceding authors, or some which
he himself may have mistaken. While there-
fore he hopes that the errors from these sources
will not be numerous, he could yet only offer it
as "a sketch" in which he has included all such
plants witliin the limits of South-Carolina and
Georgia as he has had an opportunity of exam-
ining, and such as had been ascribed to the same
districts by Botanists on whose authority he
thought himself compelled to rely.

He trusts, however, that this Sketch will be
found to have somewhat extended the know-
ledge of the Botany of the Southern States;
that it contains descriptions of many plants not
heretofore known; that it has rectified some er-
rors; that it has elucidated some of the doubt-
ful plants in the works of our older writers, and
that it contains a careful, and he hopes a faithful
description of such plants as he himself has seen.

In the time which has elapsed since the pub-
lication of the early numbers of this work many
changes have taken place in Botanical nomen-
clature, many reforms which by limiting more
strictly generic characters, have led to many
subdivisions of old genera. The natural order
of the Gramineae in particular has been remo-
delled, and in some of the most natural families,
the Cruciferae, the Umbelliferae, and the Com-
positae, an almost entirely new distribution of

PREFACE.

the species has taken place. It would require a
new edition rather than a supplement, to indi-
cate all of these changes, and any one who is
conversant with the Genera as determined
by Schreber and Willdenow, will readily com-
prehend the principles on which these chan-
ges have been made, and the characters of the
new genera which have been adopted or pro-
posed. Most of the alterations which have been
made in American plants will be found in Nut-
tail's '^Genera of North American Plants," or
in the valuable Flora of the Northern States
now publishing by Dr. Torrey of New-York.

If however the friends who have hitherto bv
their contributions added so much to the value
of this work shall not find their patience ex-
hausted; if they and if others who may be at-
tracted to the study of this interesting science
will continue to communicate to the author such
plants as he may appear to have omitted, such
as he may have inaccurately or imperfectly de-
scribed, and will point out errors of any kind
^ich he may have committed, he may hope at
a future day to present this work in a form more
worthy of their approbation.

To those friends he feels gratified to make
public his acknowledgements. With the late
Dr. Muhlenberg of Lancaster, Penn. he was
accustomed for many years to compare and
collate the plants of Carolina and Pennsylva-
nia, and derived from this correspondence

Vi PREFACE.

much instruction when his attention was first
directed to Botanical pursuits.

To Dr. Lewis de Schweinitz he is indebted
for notes on many genera and species of our
plants, for a long and friendly correspondence,
and for many specimens of plants from North-
CaroUna.

To Zaccheus Collins, Esq. of Philadelphia,
he wishes to return his thanks for repeated acts
of kindness, for many and very beautiful spe-
cimens of Northern plants which served him as
standards ofxomparison, for some rare and in-
teresting minerals, and for much information on
subjects connected with his researches.

To Dr. John Torrey of New-York, he is in-
debted for many of the plants of New-Jersey
and New-York, for an opportunity of compar-
ing many doubtful species, and of ascertaining
many of the plants of Pursh which were to him
uncertain or obscure.

To Mr. Rafinesque of Lexington, Kentucky,
he is under obligations for many plants of the
Western States, and for the pleasure of an iif-
teresting correspondence.

To Dr. Bigelow and Mr. F. Boott of Boston,
he wishes also to express his obligations for
many very beautiful specimens of plants from
the Eastern States.

To Mr. Nuttall he is also indebted for some
rare plants from the Arkansaw and Missouri.

To those who have aided him in collecting
the plants from which this sketch has been com-

PREFACE. Vll

piled^, he feels his manifold obligations; he
wishes to express them particularly to Mr.
James Jackson of Louisville, Georgia, from
whom he has received many new and many
rare plants, and whose notes have always ren-
dered his specimens more valuable.

To Dr. Samuel Boykin of Milledgeville, who
residing in a most interesting district of coun-
try, has added much to his knowledge of its
Flora by the valuable collection of specimens
occasionally sent him.

To Mr. N. Herbemont of Columbia, South-
Carolina, for many specimens of rare plants,
collected around Columbia and in the upper
districts of Carolina.

To Dr. Wm. Baldwin of the United States
Navy, a Botanist of distinguished talents and
indefatigable activity, who while residing in the
southern districts of Georgia communicated
many new species to the early numbers of this
work, and would have continued to enrich it with
his discoveries if he had not unfortunately
been recalled to other stations and to climes
less favourable to his health. In the pursuit of
his favourite studies he died on the banks of the
Missouri, in the expedition of Major Long to
the Rocky Mountains.

But principally to the late Dr. James Mac-
bride a tribute is due not only for the services
which he himself actually rendered, but for the
contributions which he induced others to offer.
Devotedly attached to science, he had the talent

Viii PREFACli.

to make it popular wherever his influence ex-
tended. Profoundly skilled in his profession
and high in the confidence of his fellow citizens,
he fell a victim to the fatigues and exposure
of an extensive practice. In the midst of a
brilliant career, with prospects of increasing
usefulness and extended reputation, he died at
the early age of 33. He left to many friends a
mournful inheritance — the task of lamenting
one so highly gifted, so prematurely lost. To
HIS MEMORY THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED as a testi-
monial of long continued friendship and of un-
abated respect. It is among the incidents
which embitter life that those who have shared
in common labours should so often be separa-
ted before the termination of their pursuits.
The individuals who took most interest in the
compilation of this sketch, scarcely lived to see
the commencement of its publication. It is to

THE DEAD THE AUTHOR HAS TO CONSECRATE THE RE-
SULT OF HIS LABOURS.

SKETCH

^Otttij=(2ratolina mtf d^tnvQiu*

CLASS XIII.

POLYANDRIA.

MOJ^OGTKM.

.329 TILIA.

330 HELIANTHEMUM.

331 NYMPH^A.

333 NUPHAR.

^33 SARRACENIA.

334 ARGEMONE.
S35 SANGUINARIA.
336 PODOPHYLLUM,
33r ACT^A.

DI—PEJ^T.iGTJVM,
■338 CIMICIFUGA.

339 DELPHINIUM.

340 ACONITUM.

341 AQUILEGIA.
^2 ASCYRUM.

343 HYPERICUWr-

344 ELODEA.

POLYGTJ\riA.
545 ILLICIUM

346 MAGNOLIA.

347 LIRIODENDRUiyfc

348 ASIMINA.

349 CLEMATIS.

350 THALICTRUM.

351 ANEMONE,

352 HEPATICA.

353 HYDRASTIS.

354 RANUNCULUS^
3'iS CALTHA.

356 BRASENIA.
ZS7 CYAMUS.

TILIA. Gen. pl. 948.

CalyxmfeYioY, 5-par-
titus, deciduus. Peta-
la 5. Capsula imma-
tura 5-locularis, 5-val-
vis, 5-sperma ; matu-
ra submonosperma,
basi dehiscens.

VOL. II.

Calyx inferior, 5-
parted, deciduous. Pe-
tals 5. Capsule when
immature 5-celIed, 5**
valved, 5-seeded; whea
mature 1 -seeded, o*
pening at base.

A

D. H. HILL LIBRARY
North G^olina Stale College

^

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

1. Glabra, Vent.

T. foliis suborbiciila-
to-cordatis, aciimina-
tis, argute seiTatis^
glabris ; petalis apice
truncatis ; mice ovali.
Pursh, 2. p. 362.

Leaves cordate,
nearly orbicular, acu-
minate, acutely ser-
rate, glabrous ; petals
truncated at the sum-
mit; nut oval.

Mich. arbr. Vol. 3. p. 311. t. 1.

T. Americana, Sp. pi. 2. p. llGS
T. Canadensis, Mich. 1. p. 306.

A large and ornamental tree, growing in favorabls soils, 70 to 80 feet
high, and 3 — 4 in diameter. Leaves alternate, large, with large and very
acute serratures, cordate at base, and sometimes obliquely truncated.
Flowers in small cymes, of a greenish yellow colour. Peduncles, as in all
the species of this genus, somewhat geniculate, and attached at base to the
middle of an oblong, membranous, strongly veined and almost reticulate
bractea.

The bark of this tree, commonly known under the name of bass-wood,
spoon-wood, is thick and fibrous, and when macerated and prepared, is
used on farms for many domestic purposes, where coarse cordage is re-
quired. The wood is white and soft, and is much used in the northern
States by cabinet and carriage makers. In the southern States it is gen-
erally confined to the mountains. Mich.

Grows in rich, light soils, in the vallies of the Alleghany mountains.
Flowers May — June.

2. Laxiflora. Mich.

T. foliis cordatis,
sensim acuminatis, ra-
riter dentatis, meni-
branaceis, glabris ;
paniculis laxifloris ;
stylo petalis longiore.

Mich. 1. p. 306. Pursh, 2. p. 3

With this tree, whose description I have taken from Pursh, and which he
considers as a species very distinct from the preceding, I am unacquaint-
ed. The reference to Michaux possibly belongs to the next species.

Grows along the sea coast from Maryland to Georgia.

Flowers May and June.

Leaves cordate,
gradually acuminate,
sparingly toothed,
membranaceous, gla-
brous; panicles loose-
ly flowered ; style lon-
ger than the petals.

63.

POLYANDRIA MONOGVNIA.

3. PUBESCENS.

T. Ibiiis obliqiiis,
cordatis truncatisqiie,
acuminatis, denticula-
to-serratis, siibtus pu-
bescentibus ; cymis
confertiiloris ; stylo
pi&talis subcequali ; iiu-
ce giobosa.

Leaves obliquely
cordate and truncate,
acuminate, denticulate
and serrate, pube-
scent underneath ; cy-
mes with crowded
flowers; style as long
as the petals ; nut glo-
bose.

. 363.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 11(32. Pursh,
I\Iich. Arb. 3. p. 317-

A Tree 20-50 feet liiffh,witli the old branches glabrous, the young ones very
pubescent. Leaves alternate, cordate, obliqiiel}' truncated, so as sometimes
to efface the sinus at base, slightly acuminate, serrate, glabrous on the up-
per surface, underneath slightly scabrous and very pubescent when young,
the down wearing off by age. Petiole and peduncles pubescent. Ci/-
mes axillary. — Br«cifc« oblong oval, as long as the cymes, entire, veined,
scabrous, of a yellowish green colour. Calyx deeply divided, deci-
duous ; leaflets ovate, lanceolate, acute, white, somewhat woolly. Petals
nearly lanceolate, obtuse, white, longer than the cal3x. Neciary composed
of 5 small leaves, obovate,crenate, shorter than the calyx, enveloped by the
petals, and attached with them to the base of the germ. Filaments nume-
rous (nearly 50,) united in five clusters, spUlting finally to the base; shorter
than the corolla, white, 2 cleft at the summit ; anthers incumbent, 2 iobed,
with the lobes distinct. Germ superior, ovate, sulcate, hairy. Stigma
obtuse. Capsule globose, coriaceous, generally marked with futures
where the 5 valves unite, bursting tardily at base, at first 5 celled^ but
rarely maturing more tiian one seed. Seed round, smooth.

Grows in fertile soils along the sea coast of Carolina and Georgia.
Flowers May, June.

HELIANTHEMUM. Toorn.

Segments of the ca-
lyx 5, often \5nequal,
the 2 exterior small.
Petals 5. (Mp-

sule i-cslled, 3-val-
ved; valves hearing
a partition in the mid-
dle.

Calycis laciniae 5,
saepius inaequales, 2
extimis minoribus.
Petala5, Capsula 1-
locularis, 3-valvis ;
medio septiferis.

yOLTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

* Exstipulata; her^
iacea.

1 Canadensc.

H. foliis alternis,
lineari-lanceolatis,pla-
nis, subtus totnentosis;
racemis terminalibus,
paucifloris; calycis la-
ciniis lato-ovatis, acu-
minatis; capsulis caly-
ce brevioribus.

* Herbaceous fivith"
out stipules.

Leaves alternate,
linear lanceolate, flat,
tomentose under-

neath; racemes termi-
nal, few flowered; seg-
ments of the calyx
broad ovate, acumi-
nate; capsules shorter
than the calyx.

Mich. 1. p. 308. Pursh, 1. q. 363.
Cistus Canadensis. Sp. pi. 2. p. 363.

Roo? perennial ; .S^/em herbaceous, erect, 6-10 inches high, tomentose
when young. Leaves oval, entire, rather obtuse, pubescent, and tomen-
tose on the under surface, nearly sessile. Racemes few flowered, general)^
terminal, pedicels solitary. Flowers yellow.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers May — June.

2. Ramuliflcrum. Mich

H. foliis alternis, ob-
longis ovalibusqiie,
subtus tomentosis; ra-
mulis brevibus, sum
mitate subtrifloris ;
calycibus fructiferis
globosis. Mx.

Mich. 1. p. 307. Pursh, 2. p.

Whole plant tomentose, 6-10 inches high. Leaves generally
6val, 2 exterior leaves of the calyx linear. Corolto yellow, and, with the
leaves, longer than in the preceding species. Unlessthe H.ramuliflorum of
Michaux has been misunderstood by our Botanists, it requires a careful
comparison with the preceding species. Excepting in the size of the
leaves and flowers, our Southern plant differs very little from specimens Q^
tlie H. Canadense which I have received from New- York.

Grows in dry, sandy soils. Common along the sea-coasts

Flowers April — May.

Leaves alternate,
oblong and oval, to-
mentose underneath ;
branches short, gene-
rally 3-flowered at the
summit ; calyx of the
fruit globose.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

3. Carolinianum. Walt.
H. hirsiitum ; foliis
ovalibus, siibdenticu-
latis; peduiiculis soii-
tariis^intra axillaribus
miifloris; calyce cap-
sulam superanle.

Mich. 1. p. 307'. Pursh. 2. p. 364.
Cistus Carolinianus. Walt. p. 152.

Hirsute: leaves o-
val,sparingly toothed;
peduncles solitary, 1-
flowered, between the
axils ; calyx longer
than the capsule.

i2oo< perennial. Stem erect, herbaceous, 8-12 inches high, generally
purple, variegated with white stellular pubescence. Leaves nearly sessile,
crowded at the base of the stem, sometimes nearly round, very villous,
pubescence as on the stem stellular. Flowers few, near the summit of the
stem, larger than those of any other of our species, bright yellow. Pedun-
cles nearly an inch long. Calyx 5 leaved, persistent, the two exterior
leaflets linear, generally expanding; the three interior, larger, ovate lanceo-
late, acuminate, 3 nerved, covering the capsule. Petals twice as long as
the calyx. Filaments numerous (30-40,) attached to the base of the genn,
unequal, much shorter than the corolla. Germ superior, ovate, glabrous.
Style very short. Stgima globose, obscurely 3-lobed. Seed numerous,
small, attached by the base to a central receptacle.

Grows in dry and moderately fertile soils.

Flowers May to June.

This is an ornamental plant, but its flowers, as in this whole genus,
only expand for a few hours in the morning.

4. CoRYMBOsuM. Mich.
H. foliis oblongo-0-
valibus lanceolatisque,
tomentosis, subtus ca-
nescentibus ; corym-
bis multifloris, fasti-
giatis.

Mich. 1. p. 307. Pursh. 2. p. 364.

Roots creeping? perennial. Stem about a foot high, sometimes
branching, very tomentose when young, pubescence (as perhaps in all of
the species) stellular. Flowers very much crowded in the corymb. —
Calyx villous, about as long as the capsule ; the two exterior leaves long
and linear. Corolla yellow. The flowers in this species are much smaller
than those of the H. Carolinianum, but nearly equal in size those of our
other species. Frequently in a corymb, one or two flowers rise conspicuous-
ly above the rest, aad the capsule then become much larger.

Leaves oblong oval
and lanceolate, to-
mentose, underneath
hoary; corymbs ma-
ny flowered, fasti-
giate.

6

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Grot^s in poor, dry, sandy soils, along the sea-coast of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers April, May, and again in October.

Erect, brandling,
tomentose ; leaves li-
near,with the margiiis
revoliite ; racemes
small, axillary; flow-
ers crowded.

5 RoSMARINIFOLIUM.^

11. erectum, ramo-
sum, tomeiitosum ; fo-
liis iinearibus, margi-
nibiis revolutis; race-
mis parvis, axiilari-
bus, confertifloris.

Pursh. 2. p. 364.

Stem erect, 12-18 inches high, apparently more frutescent than in any
other of our species, branches simple and slender. Leaves and the
whole plant, covered with a hoary down. Racemes about half as long as
the leaves, many flowered. Calyx very small, the two exterior leaves
linear. Corolla twice or three times as large as the calyx, briglit yellow.

This plant differs so much in habit and appearance from the other species
of tliis genus, as to excite some suspicion of its real connection with them.
I collected it whilst travelling hastily in the upper country without leisure
to examine it. Specimens which I sent to Dr. Muhlenberg, were
marked by him as a variety of the H. Canadense. Under this impression
it remained in my Herbarium until lately, when having received specimens
of the H. Canadense from New- York, from my friend Mr. Raffinesque, and
perceiving their entire resemblance to one of our own common species, I was
led again to examine this plant. My specimens appear to agree exactly
with the H. Rosmarinifolium of Pursh, described from specimens collected
by Mr. Enslen in the middle districts of Georgia. I have therefore des-
cribed them under this name.

Grows at Rocky mount on the Catawba River.

Flowers June, July.

NYMPH^A. Gen. Pl. 886.

Calyx 4 — 5-pliyl-
lus. Petala plurima,
germini sub stamini-
bus iiiserta. Stigma
radiatum, sessile, me-
dio nectariferuin. —

Calyx 4 — 5-leav-
ed. Petals numerous,
inserted on the germ
under the stamens.
Stigma radiated, ses-
sile, bearing a necta-

polyandria monogynia.

Bacca miiltilocularis,
polyspenna.

1. Odorata.

P^. foliis orbiculato-
cordatis, integerrim-
is^ siibemarginatis, lo-
bis clivaricatis^ acu-
mine obtuso; petalis
calcyi 4-pliyllo aeqiia!-
ibus; stigmate radiis
16-24 erectis. Sp. pi.
2. p. 1153.

ry in the middle.
Berry many celled,
many seeded.

Leaves orbiculate
cordate, entire, slight-
ly emarginate, the
lobes divaricate, with
their points obtuse;
petals as long as the
4-leaved calyx; stig-
ma erect, with 16 —
24 rays.

Pursh. 2. p. 368.
Nymphfea alba.

Walt.

Mich. 1.

!11.

Root perennial, creeping-, tuberous, nodose and woody. Stem 0.
heaves on the summit oflong, smooth, somewhat spiral petioles 1 — 6 feet
long (so as to support the leaf always on the surface of the water,J pel-
tate-cordate, circular in its outline, slight y emarginate, coriaceous, glab-
rous; dotted and strongly veined and generally coloured underneath. Pe-
duncles, like the petioles, spiral, riang to the surface of the water, bearing-
one terminal flower. Calyx 4-leavecT, leaflets lanceolate, coriaceous, gla-
brous. Petals about 30, large lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, very white.
Filaments very numerous, the exterior ones larger, lanceolate, slightly
acuminate. Anthers attached to the margins of the filaments. Germ
thick, somewhat cylindrical. Style none. Stigma large, concave, yel-
low, iaearing a gloliular nectary in the centre, with the margin radiated,
and the raj^s linear, incurved. Fruit a rude berry, many celled. Seed
small, oval, numerous in each cell.

The number of cells in the berry, is, I believe, always equal to the
number of rays in the stigma, it might therefore be considered a polygy-
nous plant with the stigmas firmly united.

The flowers of this plant are among the most ornamental in our coun-
try. The white petals, and the yellow stamens and stigma, are all con-
spicuous from the brilliancy of their colors. When recently gathered,
they are fragrant ; but the odour in a short time becomes strong and dis-
egi'eeable.

Grows every where in shallow stagnant or slowly running streams of
fresh water.

Flowers March to October.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNI^

NUPHAR. Smith.

Calyx 5 — 6 phyl-
lus. Peiala plurima^
receptaculo cum sta-
minibus inserta, dor-
so nectarifera. Stig-
ma radiato-siilcatum,
sessile. Bacca mul-
tilociilaris, polysper-

ma.

1. Advena?

N. loliis cordatis,
integerrimis, lobis ro-
tund atis; calyce 6-
phyllo; stigmate levi-
ter umbilicato^iO — 14
radiato;pericarpio sul-
cato.

Calyx 5 — 6 -leave 4f
Petals numerous, in,
serted on the recepta*
cle with the stamenSji
nectariferous on the
back. Stigma radia-
ted, furrowed, sessile.
Berry many celled,
many seeded.

Leaves cordate, en-
tire, with the lobes
round; calyx 6-leav-
ed; stigma slightly
umbilicate, with 10 —
14 rays; pericarp
furrowed.

Pursh 2. p. 369.

Nymphaea Advena. Sp. pi. 2. p. 1152.

IN'ymphaea lutea. Walt. p. 154.

Mich. l.p. 311.

'Root perennial, tuberous, creeping. Leaves on spiral petioles, largcji,
exactly cordate (with lobes scnewhat truncate,) coriaceous, glabrous,
sometimes erect, sometimes floating on the surface of the water. Flow-
ers solitary, terminal, on spiral peduncles, generally elevated a few
inches above the surface of the water. The three exterior leaves of
the calyx small, round, gi-een ; the three interior larger, round, yellow,
tinged with green at base. Filaments very short. Stigma with 10 to
14 rays and the margin entire.

Grows in the fresh water rivers ; abundant about the head of tide wa-=
ter, rarely found in the vicinity of salt water.

Flowers from April to August ; perhaps later.

2. SAGITTiEFOLIA. Walt.

N. foliis elongatis,
sagittato-cordatis, ob-
tusis ; calyce 6-phyllo,

Leave5 long, cor-
date and sagittate,
obtuse J calyx 6-leav-

POLYANDRtA MOIfAGYNlA^

^

peialis nullis, antheris
subsessilibus.

ed; petals 0; anther,^
nearly sessile.

Pursh. 2. p. 3tO.

Nymphaea sagittifolia. Walt. 155.

Nyiiipha?a longifolia. Mich. 1. p. 312 ?

Leaves floating, oblong, 6 — 8 inches long, 2 — 3 wide, sagitate at bas£y
thinner than usual in this genus and in its kindred genera. Pericarp far
iher small, ovate. Stigma with 14 rays, margin entire.

Grows in the Pee Dee river above the head of tide water.

To me a rare species. The flowers I have neveji seen. Foitfid with
jnature fruit in the middle of November.

SARRACENIA. Gen. Pl. 885.

Calyx double, per-
sistent, the exte-
rior small, S-leaved,
the interior 5-leaved,
Petals 5. Stigma

very large, 5-angled,
peltate peristent-

Capsule 5-celled, 5-
valved, many seeded*

Leaves short with
the tube ventricose,
contracted at the
throat ; longitudinal
wing very large, arch-*
ed ; appendix erect,
reniform; flowers pur-
ple.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 1150. Walt. p. 152. Mich. 1. p. 310. Pursh. 2. p. S67.
Root perennial. Leaves as in all of the species springing from the
root, 4 — 6 inches high, hollow, tubular, bulging in the middle, contracted
^at the throat, the appendage large, reniform, emarginate very hairy on
the inner surface. Scape about a foot high, bearing a solitary terminal flow-
•er, exterior Calyx very small, the interior large and colouxed^ (purple.}
VOL. II. B

Calyx duplex per-
Sistens exterior mi-
nor, 3-phyllus, inte-
rior 5-phyllus. Pe-
talct 5. Stigma max-
imum pentagonum,
clypeatum persistens.
Capsula 5-locularis,
5-valvis, polysperma*

1. Purpurea.

S. foliis brevibus,
tubo ventricoso, fauce
coarctato ; ala ven-
trali amplissima, arcu-
ata; appendice erec-
ta, reniformi ; flore
purpureo.

la

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

CoroZ^iarger than the calyx. Fetals obovate, bright purple. Stamem
numerous, short. Germ superior. Style short. Stigma very large co-
vering the stamens. Seeds attached to a central receptacle".

Grows in wet swampy lands in the middle districts of Carolina and
Georgia, rarely found along the sea coasts.

Flowers April and May. ^

Leaves slender^
longitudinal wing lin-
ear ; appendix ovate,
erect, obtuse, mucro-
nate, contracted at
base ; flowers purple.

2. Rubra. Walt

S. foliis gracilibus,
ala ventrali lineari;
appendice ovata,erec-
ta, obtusa, mucronata,
basi sub coarctata ;
floribus rubro-purpur-
eis. I

Walt. p. 152 Sp. pi. 2. p. 1150.

Leaves slender from 6 to 10 inches high; tube regular, increasing to
the summit ; throat not contracted ; appendix slightly contracted at base,
erect, cloathed with very fine hair on its inner surface, marginal wing nar-
row, nearly uniform in its whole length. Flotoers much smaller t'.an in
the preceding species. Petals obovate, attenuated at base of a dark red-
dish purple.

The S. Psyttacinaof Michaux, (vol. 1. p. 311.) has been usually re-
fen ed to this species, yet in many respects particularly in its recurved,
fornicated appendix, it appears materially to differ, and may possibly be
found to constitute a distinct species.

Grows in bogs and swamps in the middle country of Carolina,

Flowers April and May.

3. Flava.

S. foliis majusculis,
infundibuliformibus,
fauce patula; ala ven-
trali subnuUa ; appen-
dice erect a, basi co-
arcta, lateribus retro-
flexis ; floribus flavis.

Sp.pl. 2. p. 1150. Walt. p. 153

Leaves large, fun-
nel shaped, with the
throat expanding, and
scarcely any longitu-
dinal wing ; appendix
erect, contracted at
base, reflected at the
sides ; flowers yellow,

Mich. 1. p. 310. Pursh. 2. p. S67.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

11

The largest species of this genus. Leaves 18 — 24 inches high, large
and generally dilated at the summit of the tube ; appendix large, reniform,
mucronate, very much contracted at the base, with the sides reflected,
cloathed on the inner surface, with very fine hair scarcely visible without
the aid of a glass. Fhtvers very large. Petals oblong, obovate, yellow.
Stigma nearly two inches in diameter, with each angle two cleft.

Grows in swamps, abundant in the middle districts of Carolina and
(jeorgia, rarely found along the sea coast.

Flowers in April.

4. Catesb.ei. E.

S. foliis stricte e-
rectis ; tubo infundi-

bulifoimi ;
trali lineari:

ala ven-
fauce rec-

Leaves firmly e-
rect ; tube funnel sha-
ped, longitudinal wing
linear;throat straight;
appendix erect, some-
what reniform, reticu-
late with colored veins

to; appendice erecta,
subreniformi, reticu-
lata, venis coloratis,

Catesby, tab. 69. f. b.

Leaves 12 — 18 inches high, regularly tapering to the base; the upper
part of the leaves anji the appendix distinguished by their coloured
veins, the inner surface of the appendix covered by long and very con-
spicuous hair

This plant which has been probably united with the S. Flava, and
which can be connected with no other species, appears to me sufficiently
distinct ; it differs by its rigidly erect leaves, by its throat which is straight
and not expanding, and by its appendix of which the sides are not reflect-
ed. It differs also from the S. Flava by its darkly colored purple veins
and hairy appendix. My specimens agree exactly with the figure in
Catesby, to which I have referred and were collected by Dr. Macbride
along the margins of the rivulets amidst the high sand hills of Chesterfield
district in S. Carohna.

The flowers I have not seen.

5. Variolaris. Mich.

S. foliis paulo ven-
tricosis, tubo superne
dorso maculato ; ap-

Leaves slightly
ventricose, with, the
tube near the summit

pendice fornicata, in- | spotted on the back :
curvata; ala ventrali | appendix arched^ in-^

It POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

sub dilatata; floribiis | curved ; longitudinal
flavis. I wing slightly dilated;

I flowers yellowc

Mich. 1. p. 310. Pursh. 2. p. 367.

S. Minqr Walt. p. 153. Sp. pi 2. p. 1150.

S. Adunca. Smith Ex. Bot. 1. tab. 53.

Leaves 12 — 18 inches high. Tube a Httle ventricose, colored near the
summit, and curiously "marked on the back with transparent spots. Appen-
dix arched and vaulted so as in this species nearly to cover the contracted
throat. Wing along the central suture more dilated than in any other spe-
cies except the S. purpurea. Petals spathulate-obovate, yellowish. Stig-
ma acute at the angles.

Grows around pine barren ponds, very common alor^g the sea, coas.t'of
Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers in April and May.

The plants belonging to this genus, form one of the most singular varJ*.
eties which the vegetable creation exhibits. Their long tubular leaves al-
ways contain water, produced probably by secretion, and are generally fil-
led for two or three inches, with dead and decaying insects. How far the
water contained in these leaves may be necessary to the support of the
plant, has not yet been sufficiently ascertained, but the insects although at-
tracted and destroyed by its very remarkable structure, yet can have little
or no connection with its existence. For the first accurate examination of
these leaves, I believe, we are indebted to the late Dr. Macbride. Some
of his observations on the Sarracenia have been published in the transac-
tions of the Linnaean Society of London, (Vol. 12.) and some remain among
the unpublished papers of the Literary and Philosophical Society of South-
Carolina.

It may be sufficient here tp remark that the throat or orifice of these
leaves is generally covered with a saccharine secretion or exudation. Im-
mediately below the throat for the space of nearly an inch, the surface
is highly polished, while the lower part of the tube is covered with hairs
all pointing downwards. When an insect attracted in the first instance
by the secretion of the plant, or perhaps even by the water descends as
It easily can do along this declining pubescence, it appears incapable of
ascending by its feet alone and canonly escape by a flight so perpendicu-
lar as to surpass the power of most insects. Whenever they touch the-
bristly sides of the tube they are precipitated again to the bottom, and
have to renew their eflbrts, and many insects even of a large size perish
in this arduous and hopeless struggle.

ARGEMONE. Gen. Pl. 882.

Calyx 3-phylluSj
"^ciduus. Fetala 0.

Calyx S-leaved, de-^
ciduous. Petals 6.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

l^

1. Mexicana.

A. capsulis 5-val- Capsules 5-valved;

vibus; foliis pinnatifi- leaves pinnatifid, not-

dis incisis spinosis; ched, spiny ; flowers

floribus axillaribus. axillary.

■ Sp. pi. 2. p. 1148. Walt. p. 153. Pursh 2. p, 366.

Annual. Stem erect, about 3 feet high, branching, armed with small
prickles, and when broken or wounded discharging a coloured sap.
Leaves alternate, sessile, embracing the stem, lobed and angled somewhat
glaucous, glabrous, but with the margins and veins underneath armed with
prickles. Flowers solitary, axillaiy. Peduncles 1 — 3 inches long. Ca-
lyx caducous. Leaflets broad, oval, concave, prickly, with the dorsal horn
compressed and projecting beyond the summit. Petals 6, obtuse, much
larger than the calyx, yellow. Stamens yery numerous as long as;
the germ. Ger?n superior, furrowed, spiny. Style very short. Stigma
dilated, 5 lobed with the lobes reflected, forming 5 cylindrical tubes. Caj)-
sule oval, spiny, divided about halfway down into 5 valves; 1 celled. Seeds
.numerous, globose, reticulate, attached to the interior angle pf the valve.

The variety with white flowers is an ornamental plant, and is probably
a distinct species, but the notes which I formerly took have been mislaid,
and I have had no opportunity for a few years past of comparing the two
plants in a living state.

Grows in dry soils around buildings and is probably a naturalized
exotic ,

Flowers June to August.

SANGUINARIA. Ggn. Pl. 878.

Cali/cc 2 pliyllus, ca-
ducus. Petala 8-14.
Capsula superior, utr-
inque attenuata,2val-
vis 1 locularis. Recep-
tacula 2, filiformia,
marginalia.

Calyx 2 leaved, ca-
ducous. Petals S-1^^
Vapsule superior, ta-
pering at each end, 2
valved, 1 celled. Re-
ceptacles 2, filiform,
marginal.

1. Canadensis.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 1140. Cron. Virg. p. 80. Wah. p. 153. Mich. 1. p. 309^.
Pursh. 2. p. 366. Bigelow Med. Bot. 1. p. 75. t. 7.

Root perennial, oblong, tuberous, succulent, externally brown, emitting
when cut or broken a bright orange coloured juice. Stem 0. A single
leaf and flower generally proceed from each bud of the tuber enveloped
at base with glajicoug and soajewhgit succulent sheaths. Petioles 2—4

14

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

inehes Ipng, Leaves reniform lobed, distinctly veined, glaucous, very
glabrqus, Flowers rising in front of the leaf by which it appears to be
enfolded when young. Peduncle 2 — 6 inches long, smooth. Leaves of
the calyx ovate,. obtuse. Petals variable 8 — 10 — 12 or more, appearino-
gQiTietimes like a double flower, white. Statnens numprous, shorter than
the porolla, Style 0. Stigma thick, slightly furrowed. Capsule oblong
laneeolate. Seeds numerous, compressed*

Grows in rich dry soils, meriting culture as an ornamental plant both on
account of its leaf and flower,

jf Ipwers February, JVIarch.

PODOPHYLLUM. Gen. Pl,

Calyx 3-leaved.
Petals 9. Stigma

plaited, crenate. Per-
icarp a berry, 1-cel-
led, many seeded.

Wah. p. 153.

Calyx 3-phylliis.
Petala 9, Stigma pli-
eatiim, crenatum.

per, bacca, 1-locula-
ris, polysperma.
1. Peltatum.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 1141. Gron. Virg. p.
Mich. 1. p. 309. Pursh. 2. p, 366.

Root perennial, creeping, tuberous. Stem herbaceous, erect, 4 — 8 in-
ches higli, glabrous, generally streaked, dividing near the middle into 2
^ual branches, each bearing a terminal peltated leaf, clothed at base with
fi membranacebus persistent sheath. Leaves peltate, deeply 5 lobed, lobe
dissected and toothed, glabrous on the upper surface, slightly pubescent
^^lderneath .ilong the veins and margin. Flower solitary in the division of
|he stem.. Fe«?j/rac/e 1 1-2 inches long, slightly incurved. Petals 6 — 9
gonnivent, caducous, white. Filaments 12 to l6 much shorter than the
^<>rol}a, flat. Anthers oblong attached to the sides of the filaments.
Q^rm superior. Sti/le short thick. Seeds attached to a pulpy receptacle.

Grows in patches in close soils.

Flovyefs February, March.

ACTiEA. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 4-phylliis de-
eiduus, Petala 4.

Filamenta plurima,
antheris introrsis. Sty-
lus 0. Stigma capi-
tatum, Bacca supe-
rior, 1-locularis, poly-
sperma.

C«7?/x 4-Ieaved, de-
ciduous. Petals 4. Fi-
laments numerous
with the anthers turn-
ed inwards. Style 0.
Stigma capitate.

Berry superior, 1 -cel-
led, many seeded.

rOLYANDRIA DI — PENTAGYNIA.

la

1. Pachypoda. E.

A. foliis decompo- | Leaves decompoulidj
sitis, foliolis ovatis, 1 leaflets ovate, aeumi«
acuminatis,inciso ser- i nate, deeply serrate |
ratis; baccis parvulis, berries small, siippor-
pedicellis incrassatis I ted on thick footstalks,
suffultis.

Big. Flor. Bos. page 129-

A. brachypetala, var. microcarpa.

De CaftdoUe Reg. Yeg. i. p. SSSs

Root perennial. Leaves compound, acutely serrate, notched) slightly
pubescent along the veins, the terminal leaflets frequently three lobed and
somewhat cordate at base. Floivers crowded in terminal racemes. Ber»
ry small sitting on singularly thickened pedicells, which seem at basg
partly to embrace the stem and nearly equal in diameter the berry itself.-^
The Flowers I have not seen. Gathered by Dr. Macbride on the Saluda
Mountains.

However nearly this plant may be allied to Cimicifuga ; its befried
fruit I think should preserve its as a distinct genus. Macrotys may be
properly connected with Cimicifuga as they differ in ho respect but in the
number of their germs.

DI—PENTA G YNIA.

CIMICIFUGA. Gen. Pl. 993.

Calyx 4 — 5 phyl-
lus. Petala 4. Cap-
sulce 1 — 5 seu plures,
oblongae, sutura late-
rali dehiscentes, pol-
yspermae.

^ Flores monogyni.
Macrotys^ Rof:

Calyx 4 — 5 leaved.
Petals 4* Capsules 1
— 5 or more, oblongs
opening along a late-
ral suture, many seed-
ed.

* Flowers monogy^
nous.

\6

POLYANDRIA DI PENTAGYNIA.

1. Racemosa.

C* foliis decompo-
sitis, foliolis ovato-
oblongis, incisisj den-
tatis ; racemis elon-
gatis, subpaniculatis;
floribus monogynis;
capsulis ovatis.

Leaves decompoiicl^
leaflets ovate, oblong,
notched, dentated ;
racemes long, some-
what paniculate; flow-
ers monogynous; cap-
sules ovate.

Mich. 1. p. 308. DeCan-

C. serpentaria, Pursh. 2. p. 372.
Actsea racemosa. Sp. pi. 2. p. 1139.
doUe. l.p. 382.

Actaea monogyna. Walt. p. 151.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 2^3 feet high, pubescent. Leaves
decompound, acutely serrate, and notched. Floicers in long terminal,
somewhat paniculated rrxeraes. Calyx and Corolla small, caduc-
ous. Flowers nearly white. Stamens longer than the petals. Style
S'ometimes, though rarely, 2. Capsules 2-valved. Seeds imbricate.

Grows very abundantly in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.
Its long racemes of white flowers make it very conspicuous, but its odoi*'
is unpleasant if not oflensive.

Flowers June, July.

^^ F lores Polygy-

ni>

^* Flowers Poly-
gynous*

2. Podocarpa, De Caiid.

C. ger minibus 4-5,
pedicellatis, glabris ;
racemis paniculatis ;

Germs 4-5,pedicel-.
late,glabrous; racemes
paniculate; leaves de-

foliis decompositis. j compound.

C.Americana Mich. 1. p. 31 6.

Actaea Podocafpa. De CandoUe 1. p. 382.

Perennial ; Stem herbaceous^ 2 feet high, with the habit of C. racemosa.
Calyx of five ovate concave leaves. Capsules 4 or 5, smooth, compressed,
pointed with the styles, and each supported by a stalk half of its owu
length. — De CandoUe.

Grows in the mountains ofCai'olinat.
Flowers August, September,

Mich.

POLYANDRIA DI PENTAGYNIA.

17

3. CosDiFOLiA. Purch.

C. germiiiibus 2-3,
glabris, sessilibus; ra-
cemis paniciilatis ; fo—
liis biteriiatis, foliolis
5—7 lobatis, serratis,
basi cordatis. Piirsh.
2. p. 373.

Actaea cordifolia. De Candolie 1

Resembles C. racemosa and podocarpa, differing from the former in having
numerous capsules, from the latter in their being sessile. Leaves smooth.
Racemes long, smooth.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
Flowers July.

Germs 2 — 3^ gla-
brous, sessile; race-
mes paniculate; leaves
biternate, leaflets 5-7
lobed, serrate, cordate
at base.

p. 383.

4 Palmata. Mich.

L. germinibus plu-
rimis 12-15 ; floribus
dichotome-paniculatis,
subcorymbosis; cap-
sulis brevissimis, sub-
globoso-capitatis ; fo-
liis simplicibus^palma-
tis.

Germs numerous,
12-15, flowers in a
dicliotomous panicle,
somewhat corymbose;
capsules very short,
forming globular

heads; leaves simple,
palmate.

p. 383.

BJoot perennial. Stem 2-3 feet high, pubescent at the summit. —
Leaves generally 2, palmate, 5-lobed, strongly veined, lobes acutely ser-
rate, and notched. Floioers in corymb like panicles. Calyx and Corolla
caducous. Stamens much longer than the styles. Capsules distinctly ribbed,
forming small compact heads.

This plant, though belonging to the same natural family, yet differs in
habit, in foliage, and in the number of its styles from the preceding spe-
cies.

Grows among the mountains of Carolina.
Flowers June, July.

Mich. 1. p. 316.
Actaea Palmata.

Pursh. 1. 373.
De Candolie 1.

VOL. II.

18

POLYANDRIA DI'— PENTAGYNIA*

DELPHINIUM. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 0. Petala 5.
Nectarium 2-iidum,
postice in calcar ca-
viim productiim. Cap-
siUm 1-3

1. Tricorne.

D. pLtiolis basi vix
clilatati3jg{abris; foliis
5-partitis; Io])is 3-5
fidis, lobiilis lineari-
bus; nectario corolla
breviore; capsiilis a
basi patulo — leflexis
arcuatis.

Cahjx 0. Petals 5.
Neclarnan 2-cleft at
base extends into a
hollow sc::r. Capsules
1-3.

Petiole at base
scarcely dilated and
glabrous; leaves 5
parted, lobes 3-5 cleft
Avitli the segments li-
near; nectary shorter
than the corolla; cap-
sules arched, expand-
ing from the base.

Mich. 1. p. SI 4. Pursh. 2. p. 371. De CandoUe 1 . p. 356.

Koot perennial, somewhat tuberous. Stem 8 — 12 inches high, glabrous.
Petioles 2 — 4 inches long, pubescent near the summit. Flowers in ter-
minal racemes, large, bright blue, hairy on the outside. S^mr straight,
shorter than the corolla. Capsules 3, divaricate, acuminated with a per-
sistent style.

Grows among the highest mountains of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers April and May.

2. AZUREUM.

D. petiolis basi vix
dilatatis ; foliis 3 — 5
partitis, multifidis, lo-
bis linearibus; race-
ino stricto ; nectario
apice barbato, basi
et latere inferiore vil-
losissimis.

Mich. 1. p. 314. Pursh. 2. p,
D. cafolioitinutt Walt. 13^.

Petals scarcely di-
lated at base; leaves
3^ — ^5 parted, many
cleft, with the seg-
ments linear;^ race-
mes straight; nectary
bearded at the sum-
mit, at base and on the
lower side very villous.

rOLTANURIA DI — PENTAGYNIA.

19

Root perennial. Stevi 3 — 5 feet high and probably more, pubescent.
Leaves on short petioles, pubescent, very much dissected, the segments
all linear. Floioers in lon«; terminal racemes, on short pubescent pedun-
cles, palo bine, rather smaller tlian in tho preceding species, the three up-
per petals, sprinkled with hair, particularly along the margins, the two
lower, as described by Walter, spotted whh yellow and very villous.

Grows in t!ie middle districts of Carolina,
Flowers May, June.

3. EXALTATUM.

D. petiolis basi noii
dilataiis; foliis plaiiis
ultra medium 3°fidis,
lobis cimeiformibiis^a-
pice triiidiSj a^cumiiia-
tis, laleralibiis ssgpe
bilobis; racemo stric-
to; cakare recto loii-

gitadii

ii^ UlUO

}ike.

Petioles not dilated
at base; leaves flat, 3-
cleft belovr tlie middle,
lobes v/edg:e sliaoed,

3 cleft at the summit,
and a.ciimii\ate, the la-
ierai ones often 2-lo-
bed; racemes straight;
spur strai^;at, as long
as the coroiia.

Sp. pi. 2. p. ]230. Pursh. 2. p. 371. DeCanddle 1. [u 357.
D. tridactylum, Mich 1. p. 314.

Stem 2 — 4 feet high, branching, pubescent towards the summit. Peti'
olcs 2 — 5 inches long, pubescent when young, lower leaves divided into 3
— J segments, segments generally tripartite, upper leaves tripailite, seg-
ments lanceolate or entire, all pubc.cent. Coi'oUa bright blue, pubescent
on the outer surface, the lower petals fringed. Sj)ur straight, horiiontaj,
as long as the calyx. Capsidei: 3, straight and pubescent.

Grows among the mountains of Carolina.
Flowers Jtme to August.

ACONITUM. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 0. Petala 5,
supremo fornicato. —
Nectaria 2, peduncu-
lata, recur V a. Cap'
sulae 3 sen 5.

Cah/xO. Petals 5,
the upper one vaulted.
Nectaries 2,on peduu"
cles, recurved* Co/?-
Sides 3 or 5.

20^

POLYANDRIA Di — PENTAGYNIA.

1. Uncinatum.

A. cai;le : ilexnosoj
foliis 3-5 lobato-pa!-
matis, inciso^dentatis;
coroilariim ga^lea e-
longata, convexa, ros-
irata»

Stem Hexuous; leaves
3-5 lobedj palmate,
iiotclied and toothed;
helmet of the corolla
long, convex, beaked.

Sp. PI. 2. page 1238.
doUe 1. p. 379.

Mich. 1. p. 315. Pursh. 2. p. 372. De Can-

Perennial. Stem twining, branching, pubescent only when very young.
Leaves coriaceous, truncate at base, deeply lobed, lobes somewhat three
ribbed. Flowers solitary, 3 — 4 near the summit of each branch on pedun-
cles 1 — 2 inches long, two small bracteas, generally below the middle of the
peduncles. Flotvers of a briglit violet purple, hood large, convex, tapering
to an oljtuse beak, wings nearly orbicular, the lower petals oblong lanceo-
late, all a little hairy particularly near the margins. This very ornamental
plant grows among the mountains of Carolina.
■ Flowers June to August.

AQUILEGIA. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 0. Petala 5.
Nectaria 5, calcarata
inter petala. Capsu-^
lae 5, distinctae.

1. Canadensis.

A. calcaribus rectis;
stylis et staminibus
exertis; floribus pen-
dulis; foliorum seg-
nientis S-partitis, a-
pice subobtusisjinciso-
dentatis.

Calyx 0. Petals 5.
Nectaries 5, bearing
spurs between the pe-
tals. Capsules 5 dis-
tinct.

Spurs straight; styles
and stamens exserted;
flowers pendulous ;
segments of the leaves
3 parted, obtuse at
the summit, notched
and toothed.

Sp. PL 2. p. 1247.
p. 337.

Wah. 1. p. 156. De CandoUe 1.

POLTANDRIA DI — PENTAGYNIA.

21

Root perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, lower leaves on long three
cleft footstalks, tamate and bitemate, leuliets lobed and crenate, glaucous
particularly underneath. Petals 3. daciduous. Nectar -es 5 between the
petals, extending into hollow straight spursj callo'.is at the point. Necta-
ries and Petals scarlet tii:ffed witii yeliov.'. Stamens niuijcrous, disposed
into 5 or 10 parcels. Germs dowiiy, with long slender styles. Capsules
many seeded.

Grows in the upper and mountainous districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers April — iVIay.

ASCYRUM. Gex. Pl. 1225.

Calyx 4-phyiius, 2-
interioribi^s majori-
biis. Peiala 4. Fi-
lamenta m 4-phaIan-
ges, cligesta. Capsu-
la obloiiga, l-locu!a-
ris, 2-valvis, calyce
inclusa.

1. PUMILUM.

A. pusillum, pros-
tratum, ramosissi-
miim; foliis lineari-o-
valibus, obtusis ; pe-
clunculis longis reflex-
is ; floribus
nis.

monogy-

Calyx 4-leavecl, the
2-interior larger. Pe-
tab 4. Filaments

collected in 4-pha-
iaiixes. Capsule ob-
long, i-cellecl, 2-val-
vecl, included in the
calyx.

Small, prostrate,
much divided; leaves
linear-oval, obtuse ;
peduncles long, reflec-
ted; flowers monogy-
nous.

Blich 2. p. 77- Pursh. 2. p. 373.

Stem prostrate, somewhat woody, slightly winged, 6 — 10 inches long.
Leaves opposite, sessile, very narrow, dotted, perennial. Flowers solita-
ry, axillary, and in the division of the stem. Peduncles 1-2 inch to an
inch long, reflected, with two stipules near the base. Large leaves of the
calyx ovate, somewhat acute, and like the leaves marked with pellucid
dots. Petals obovate, yellow, a little longer than the calyx. Stamens
nunierous, united at the base of the geriii, the division into sections not
distinct. S^y/e 1, shorter than the germ. Capsule ova.te. Seeds attach-
ed to the margins of the valves.

This appears to be the A. pauciflorum of Nuttall. I have always con-
sidered it the A. pumilum of Michaux, but it is possible that the real plant
of Michaux may have escaped my notice.

22

PO'LYANDRIA DI — PENTAGTNIA.

Grows in dry pine barrens. Common in the upper parts of Chatham

eoimty, Georgia.

Flowers March — April.

Erect, much divi-
ded, spreading; leaves
somewhat lanceolate,
oblong, obtuse, co-
rymb terminal; flow-
ers nearly sessile, di-
I gyiious; stem terete.

191. Pursh. 2. p. 373.

2. Crux. Andrew:.

A. erect um, mnlti-
caule, diffiisum; foliis
sublanceolato — obion-
gis, obtusis; corymbo
terminali ; floribus
subsessilibus,2 gynis;
canle subtereti.

Sp. pi 3. p. 1472. Walt. p.
A. Malticaule, Mich.

Stem frutescent, 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves small, sessile, and with the
calyx dotted. Flowers solitary, axillary, and terminal, on short peduncles.
The tvv'o large letives of the ccdi/x cordate, ovate, acute, nervetl, the inte-
rior? leaflets very small, ovate-lanceolate, membranaceous, 2 small bracteal
leaves at the biise of the calyx. Corolla yellow. Petals oblong, nearly
elliptical. Filaments about 20, as long as the corolla. Styles 2. Stig-
mas single.

This species varies so much in the size and number of its leaves, in its
peduncles, and in the number of hs styles, that it nierits culture to deter-
mine whether more than one species are not included under this name.

Grows in all soils excepting those which are inundated.
Flowers tlnough the whole luramer.

3. Hypericoides.

A. erectum, parce-
ramosiim, ramis anci-

Eitibus; foliis oblongis
asi biglandulosis ;
floribus terminalibus,
solitariis, breviter pe-
dicellatis, 3-gynis.

Sp. pi. S. p. 2473. Walt. 191.
A. Stani. Mich. 2. p. 77.

Erect, sparingly
branched, with the
branches compressed;
leaves oblong with 2
glands at base; flow-
ers terminal, solitary,
on short peduncles,
trigynous.

Pursh, 2. p. 574.

POLYANDRIA DI PENTAGYNIA,

23

Stem about 2 feet \\\%\i, sparingly branched iic-ar the Mimniit, with
•■Ireyoun^ branches conspicnousl}'- compressed. Leaves large ( 1 to 1 1-2
i jclies \o^v.i) entire, dotted. FJowsrs solitary, axillary', frequently opposite.
'Pcd:inc'i's 1 to 1 1-2 inches long. Tlie exterior leaves of the calyx large,
oordate'0\ ate, nearly round, dotted, nerved. Corolla yellow. Pclals
)bovate, as Ioht as tlie Calyx. Filaments very numerous (GO to 100)
shorter tlian the corolla. Germ pyramidal, 3 sided. Styles 3, slightly
recurved. Cnpsnle 3 valved.

GrowS) generally in damp soils.

Flowers the whole summer.

4. Amplexicaule. Mich.

A. erectum, parce-
ramosiim; ramis anci-
pitibus; foliis ovato-
oblongis, am^ iexicau-
libus, ibliolis calycinis
exterioribus cordalis;
floribus 3-4-gynis.

Erect, sparingly
branched with the
l)ranches compressed;
leaves ovate, oblong,
amplexicanle; exteri-
or leaves of the calyx
cordate; flowers 3-4
gynous*

Mich. 2. p. 77. Pursh 2. p. 374.

Stem 1 to 2 feet high, branching towards the summit. Leaves cordate,
obtuse, closely sitting, and with the calyx conspicuously dotted. Corolla
yellow. Petah obovate. Stamens very numerous, about half as long as
the corolla. Styles frequently 4.

Grows in the southern parts of Georgia, near St. Mary's.

Flowers through the summer.

HYPERICUM. Gen. Pl. 1224.

Calyx 5-partitns,
laciniis subaequafiDns.
Peicila 5. Filamenta
vix basi connata.
Capsida ovata; locu-
lis numero stylorum,
1-2-3-5.

"^ Trigyna, herha-
cm*

Calyx 5-parf ed, with
the segments nearly
equal. Petals 5. jPz-
lamenfs slightly con-
nected at base. Cap"
sule ovate, 1-2-3-5
celled.

* TrigynouSi her*
haceous*

24

POLYANDRIA DI — PENTAGYNIA'

1. PARVirLO^.-JM.

H. erectii::^, ram-
osum, glabrilm; caule

rfabroKi;

subteirago

V at 0"ob iongis^ so

Erectj branching,

stem 4-an-

1; leaves oblong,

i ovate, somev;liat cor-

datis^obttisic^neryosis, j date^ obtuse, nerved,
sessii^bIi3 ; panicalis
termiaalibus dichoto-
mo-corymbosis; peta-

sessile; panicles ter-
diciiotomous,

miTiai,

corymbose 5 petals
sliorter than tiie lan-
ceolate calyx.

lis calyce lanceolato
brevioribus.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 145G. Pursh, 2. p. 376.

H. quinqueneiviiim/ Walt. p. 190. Mich. 2. p. 79.

Root creeping. Stera erect, slender, 1—2 feet high; succulent; branch-
es alternate and opposite. Leaces doited, 5 nerved., Fh^oers solitary, in
the division of the stalks, Fedvnrles 2— 3' lines long. Cah/x 5 leaved,
leaves lanceolate, acute, 3 — 5 nerved, dotted, 3 large, 2- small. Corolla
deciduous, yellow. Filamejits numerous 12 — 15, longer than the corolla.
Germ pyramidal. Sf]/les 3, short, expanding. Sligmas globose. Cap-
sule 1 celled, 3 valve d.

Grows in damp soils, very common in ditches and around the margins
of ponds.

Flowers June, September.

2. Canadense.

H. floribiis alari- I Flowers solitary on
bus,pedimculatis, soli- ; winged peduncles;
tariis; foliis sc ssilibus, | leaves sessile, linear,
linearibus, basi atten^- | tapering at base ; stem
uatis ; caule herbaceo, j herbaceous, 4-angled,

tetragono, superne di-
chotomo; capsulis lon-
gis, conoideis, colora-
tis.

dickotomous towards
the summit; capsules
longjconical, coloured.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1455. Walt. p. 189. Mich. 2. p. 79- Pursh,2. p. 387,,

Stem 1 — 2 feet high, sliglitly angled. ' Leaves lineai-, obtuse,' dotte(3(,
obscurely 3 nerved, lower pranches of the panicle opposite, the upper dJ-
chotomous. Coroh'a and Stamens about as long as the Calyx. Capsule
much longer than the calyx, of a dull red colour.

Grows in wet Pine barrens. ^ ^y^ ^

Flowers July — September.

POLTANDRIA DI — PENTAOTNIA,

25

3, Angulosum.

H. erectum; caule-
tetragono; foliis ob-
longo-Ianceolatis, acu-
tis, arete sessilibujs ;
panicula terminali, di-
chotoma; ramss di-
varicatis, distanter al-
teriiifloris ; pe2alis
dente unico laterali.

Erect; stem 4-an-
gled; leaves oblong
lanceolate, acute, ses-
sile; panicle terminal,
diciiotomous; branch-
es divaricate with
flowers distant, alter-
xiaie; petals with one
lateral tooth.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1454. Mich. 2. p. 78, Pursh, 2. p. 387-
H. denticulatum Walt. p. 190.

Stem about 2 feet high, simple, brL iching towards the summit. Leaves
appressed, dotted, somewhat ampiexicaule at base. Flowers scat-
tered in the Panicle and ritsmate, frequsntly in the division of the
stem. Calyx somewhat tubular £ad £.7igled at base. Cegments equal,
dotted. Petals obovate twice a", loEg as the caiyy, almost orange colored.
F^7a»^enfs numejous, shorter ''kan the corolla. »SVy/e^ 3, frequently uni-
ted. Capsule 3 valved, 1 celled.

Grows in wet Pine barrens.

Flowers May — September.

Kairy ; stem vir-
gate, simple; leaves
expanding, ovate, a-
ciite, tapering at base;
paxiicle few-fto^Aeffed.

4. PiLOSUM.

H. pilosnm; caiile
virgato, simplici; fo-
liis patentibus, ovalis,
acutis, basi atteniiatis;
panicula pauciflora.
Nutt.

AValt. p. 190? Nuttall 2. p. l6.
Plukenet t. 245. f. 6.

Mr. Nuttall, who has revived or established this species, remarks that it
is perfectly distinct from the H. simplex of Michaux, as the latter pro<iu-
ces oblong o\ ate leaves, partly connat? at the base, and always pressed
close to the stem, and tlie v/liole plant instead of being pilose, is covered
with a short matted and somewhat scabrous pubescence, (r^utt. loc. cit.J
I doubt, however, whether Walter did not mean by his H. pilosum tlie H,
simplex of Michaux, as he mentions the appressed leaves as a part of its
character, or, perhaps, a.s has heretofore bf:en done, he confounded both
under that name ; if however I have not mistaken this plant, I must add
YOL. II. P

D. H. HIU LffiRARY

26

POLTANDRIA DI — PENTAGYNIA.

that the pubescence differs in quantity, rather than in hs properties ; in botk
it is tomcntose, but this is comparatively naked.

Grows in wet Pine barrens, 8 miles from Charleston.

Flowers June — September.

6. Simplex.

H. erectum^ lanu.
losum; caiile virj>ato^
simplici,tereti; foliis o-
vato-lanceolatis, arete
sessilibus, adpressis ;
panicula terminali
pauciflora.

Mich. 2. jj. 80. ' Pursh, 2. p. 379. Nuttall 2. p. l6.
Plukenet. Amalth. p. 120. tab. 421. fig. 3.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high, covered with a jointed tomentum. Leaves acute,
dotted, and somewhat amplexicaule. Panicle small. Flowers alternate,
and in the division of the stem. Leaflets of the calyx unequal, 2 narrow-
er than the rest. Petals yellow, oblong, longer than the calyx. Stamens
shorter than the corolla. Styles 3. Capsule I celled, 3 valvcd.

Grows in wet Pine barrens.

Flowers June — September,

Erect, woolly; stem
virgate, simple, ter(?te;
leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, closely sessile,
appressed ,* panicle,
terminal, few flower-
ed.

6. ACUTIFOLIUM. E.

H. caule herbaceo?
subramoso,glabro; fo-
liis angustolanceolatis
acutis; panicula mul-
tiflora ; capsulis vix
calyce longioribus.

Stem herbaceous ?
branching, glabrous ;
leaves narrow lanceo-
late, acute ; panicle
many flowered; cap-
sules scarcely longer
than the calyx.

Stem, herbaceous? branching, slightly angled. Leaves sessile, 10 — 14
lines long, tapering at the base. Panicle many flowered, flowers alternate
and in the division of the stem, on pedicels 1 — 2 lines long. Leaves of
the calyx equal. Petals yellow, nearly lanceolate, twice as long as the
calyx. Stamens numerous, longer than the calyx. Styles 3, united. —
Capsule 1 celled, 3 valved.

This plant which was sent to me from Milledgeville in Georgia by Dr.
Boykin, differs considerably from any • species in my herbarium. It re-
sembles most the H. Ganadense, but differs in size, being in every respect
larger, so as to make it doubtful whether it is really an herbaceous species,

Uid .ti

rOLYANDKIA DI — PENTAGYNIA.

27

Erect, glabrous dot-
ted with black; leaves
cordate-ovate and o-
val, sessile; panicles
terminal; closely flow-
ered, somewhat co-
rymbose.

it differs also in its acute leaves, in the capsule, which is proportionally
Bhort, and in a panicle which is much more compact,
flowers.

7. Maculatum. Walt.
H. erectum, gla-
brum, nigro puncta-
tum ; foliis cordato
ovatis, ovalibusque,
arete sessilibus; pani-
culis terminalibus,
densifloris, subcorym-
bosis.

Walt. p. 189. Mich. 2. p. 80.

H. corymbosura. Sp.pl. 3. p. 1457. Pursh. 2. p. 377.

Stem about 2 feet high, terete, and with every part of the plant, except
the filaments and styles, spotted with black dots. Leases sometimes
acute, sitting so closely as to emlarace the stem. Fla&eTS in a compound
compact and somewhat pyramidal pamicle. Leaves of the ca^x united
and tubular at base, the segments equal. Petais obovate, twice as long
as the calyx. Filaments numerous, a little shorter than the corolla. Styles
3, longer than the stamens. Stigmas obtuse, purple. Capsule 3 celled,
3 valved.

Grows in dry pine barrens.

Flowers May, August.

The species of this section it has been proposed by Jtir. Rafinesqueand
others, to separate from this geaus, and to uoite with the Se«o$iu'a, as they
differ from the shrubby Hypericiun's in tkeijr habit, aad by their 1 celled
capsule. It is probable however that the germs of these species are natu-
rally 3 celled, but the partitions being very delicate are effaced by age.
In the H. maculatum these partitions are at all tunes distinctly visible.

*# Fruticosa^ tri-
gyna>

8. Aspalathoides.

H. floribus ^.rigynis,
solitariis, alaribus ;
stylis coadunatis; fo-
liis fasciculatis linea-
ribus, acutis, striatis;
caule fruticoso, dicho-
tomo. Willd.

Sp PI. 3. p. 1151. Pursh. 2.

** Shrubby, trU
gynous.

Flowers trisynous,
soli^ary,wingecl; styles
united; leaves cluster-
ed, linear, acute, stri-
ate ; stem frutescen^
dichotomoas.

p. 376.

28

rOLTANDRIA Bt — PENf AGYNIA*

Stem shrubby, dichotomous at the summit. Flowers solitary, yellow,
nearly sessile in the division of the branches. La Marck. encycl. 4. p. 153.
Grows in Carolina. La Marck.
Flowers

9. Galioides.

H.floribus trigynis,
paniculatis, terminali-
bus; stylis coadunatis;
foliis linearibus, sessi-
libus, margine revolu-
tis; caule sufFruticoso.
Willd.

Sp. PI. 3. p. 1451. Pursh. 2. p. 376.

Stem about 2 feet high. Branches four angled. Leaves fasci-
culate. Panicles terminal. Petals and Stamens equal and scarcely
longer than the linear calyx. Pursh.
' Does this really differ from the next species ?

Grows in sandy moist places.

Flowers July — September.

Flowers trigynoiis;
panicles terminal ;
styles united; leaves
linear, sessile, with
their margins revolute;
stem somewKat shrub-
by.

10. Fasciculatum. Mich.

II. ramulis tetrago-
nis, foliis confertis
quasi verticillatim
fasciculatis, filiformi-
line?tribus,obtusis,ses-
silibus; pedunculis in
apice ramulorum axil-
kribus, 1-3 floris;
calycibus filiformibus,
stylis coadunatis.

Branches 4-angled;
leaves crowded as if
in verticillate clusters,
filiform^ linear, ob-
tuse, sessile; pedun-
cles near the summit
of the branches, axil-
lary, 1-3 flowered;
calyx filiform; styles
united.

Mich. 1. p. 80.

H. coris. Walt. p. 190.

H. tenuifolium. Pursh. 2. p. 377.

Stem shrubby 1 — 2 feet high, with the whole plant glabrous. Leaves^
thick, dotted. Flowers axillary, opposite; sometimes the peduncles become

trifloroiis with the Uitermediate flowers sessile. Leaves of the ca/j/x.

POLTANDRIA DI PENTAGYNIA.

29

exactly resembling the leaves of the plant. Stamens rather longer than
the corolla, both much longer than the calyx. Petals yellow, oblong,
«val. Styles 3, firmly united. Capsules 3 celled, 3 valved.

Grows in wet pine barrens.
Flowers June — August.

11. ROSMARINIFOLIUM ?

H. ramulis tereti-
bus ; foliis lineari-laii-
ceolatis, aciitis, basi
atteiiuatis, subfascicu-
latis ; panicula elong
ata; pedunculis in a-
pice ramorum axiilar-
ibus, trifloris; stylis
coadimatis.

Branches terete ;
leaves linear-lanceo-
late, acute, tapering
at base, somewhat
clustered; panicle long;
peduncles near the
summit of the branch-
es, axillary, 3-flower-
ed; styles united.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1450?

H. fasciculatum. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1452. Pursh. 2. p. 376.

Sf^wi shrubby, 2 — 3 feet high, with its numerous branches terete, smooth,
and generally coloured. Leares shining, and as in most of the species, with
the margins revolute, and the surface sprinkled with pellucid dots. Panicle
very ornamental from the number of its flowers on its compoundlv tri-
chotomous branches. Calyx with its segments like the leaves, linear-lan-
ceolate. Corolla yellow. Petals obovate, larger than the calyx. Fila-
ments numerous, much shorter than the corolla. Styles 3, at first united,
expanding alter the flower decays. Capsule 3 celled, with the anf^le^s
rounded.

I have found some difficulty in determining this plant. It is evidently
the H. fasciculatum of Willdenow, but Willdenow has certainly mistaken
the H. fasciculatum of JMichaux, which he had probably already descri-
bed as the H. galioides. This plant was considered by Dr. Muhlenberg
as the H. rosmarinifolimn of LaMarck, and as the name is peculiarly ai>
propriate, I have retained it.

It has always appeared to me remarkable that this, which in the low
country of Carolina and Georgia, is the most common of our frutescent
species, should have been overlooked by both Walter ajid Michaux.

Grows in damp soils.

blowers JuDQ — Au^just.

30

POLYANDRIA Dl — PENTAGYNIA.

12. Ambiguum. E.

H. ramulis ancipi-
tibuSjfoiiis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, acutis, mu-
cronatis; lioribus axil-
laribus terminalibus-
que; calycis folioiis
inaequalibus, lineari-
lanceolatis, corollam
subcequantibus ; pe-
talis inapice unidenta-
tis; stylis 3, coadu-
natis.

Branches compres-
sed; leaves linear-
lanceolate, acute, mu-
cronate; flowers axil-
lary and terminal ;
leaves of the calyx
unequal, linear lan-
ceolate, as long as the
corolla; petals tooth-
ed near the summit ;
styles 3, united.

Shrub 2 — 4 feet high with a scaly bark, and with its numerous opposite
branches strongly compressed. Leaves tapering at base almost to a pet-
iole, with the point nearly white. Flowers towards the summit of the
branches, commonly 5 — 7 on each branch. Petals obliquely obovate, a
little longer than the stamens, with a tooth or angle near the summit.
Styles as usual, separating as the capsule matures. Capsule 3 celled.

In the shape and size of the leaf this plant strongly resembles the H.
rosmarinifolium, it differs from it however widely in many respects ; to
the H. Kalmianum it has a much closer affinity, but its flowers are not at
all corymbose, and I have found them invariably trigynous.

Grows near Columbia
Flowers May — June.

13. Prolificum.

H. ramis ancipiti-
bus 5 foiiis angusto-
lanceolatis, subacutis;
panicula pauciflora ;
ramulis dichotomis ;
petalis staminibus pan-
to longioribus ; styhs
coadunatis.

Branches compres-
sed ; leaves narrow,
lanceolate, somewhat
acute ; panicle few
flowered ; branches
dichotomous ; petals
a little longer than the
stamens; styles unir
ted.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1453. Pursh, 2. p. 3^5.

POLYANDRIA DI PENTAGYNIA.

31

Shrub 2 — 3 feel high. Branchts very much compressed. Leaves lan-
ceolate, rather naiTOvv, genftrnlly acute, r boat 2 inchc s long. Pedimciss near
the siTihmit of the brunches axillary, oppositCj generally 3 flowered, the in-
terniedipte iioM'-er almost sessile, the oih2rs on peduncles nr^ar!y au inch
long. Culi/x leaflikc, segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla and Sti/ks
rather longer than the stamens.

Grows near Columbia, Sov.th-Carolina.

Flowers .Tune — August.

14. Amoenum. Pursh.

H. diffu^iim; ramis
ancipilibus; foliis ova-
libus, siibtus glaucis;
floribus axilliiribus,
subsolitariis ; calycis
foliolis ova lis, acutis ;
petalis deflexis, sta-
minibus longioribiis.

DiiTuse^ with branch-
es compressed; leaves
oval, glaucous under-
neath; flowers axilla-
ry, in general solitary;
leaves of the calyx ova-
te, acute; petals deflec-
ted; longer than the
stamens.

Pursh. 2. p. 374.

A small slu-ub rarely exceeding 2 feet in height, but very much diffused
and divided. Leaves rather large, somewhat attenuated at base, with the
margins slightly undulate. Flmoers mucli larger than those of any other
of our species, solidary, generally opposite, on short peduncles. Stamens
very numerous, forming a ball in the centre of the flower, and apparently
depressing the petals by their number. Styles 3, at first united, separating
as the fruit matures.

This elegant species has not been found to the north of the Oakmulgee
river in Georgia.

Grovvs abundantly on the Flint river.
Flowers June — August.

15. Fastigiatum. E.

H. ramulis paulo-
compressis ; foliis an-
gusto-lanceolatis, acu-
tissimis; corymbis ter-
minalibus, multifloris,
fastigiatis; sty Us co-
adunatis. E.

Branches somewhat
coniDressed: leaves
narrow-lanceolate, ve-
ry acute ; corymbs
terminal, many flow-
ered, fastigiate; styles
united.

S2

POLYANDRIA DI PENTAGYNIA.

A shrub about 3 feet high. Leaves about 3 inches long, tapering ycf
connate at base, dotted, paler on the under surface. Flotoers very nume-
rous in fastigiate corymbs, with solitary flowers nearly sessile in the lower
divisions of the corymb. Corolla and Stamens generally longer than the
calyx. Styles firmly imited, not separating as the ]?od matures.

Found in the Pine barrens of Scriven comity, Georgia.
Flowers May — ^July.

16. NuDiFLORUM. Mich.

H. ramis alatis; fo-
liis oblongo-ovatisjob-
tiisis, sessilibus ; pa-
niculis terminalibus,
nudatis, compositis ;
corolla calyce longi-
pre; stylis coadunatis.

Sp. PL 3. p. 1456. Mich. 2. ]
H. vh-ginicum? Walt. 189.

Really fnitescent, but many of its branches decay every year, and new
ones are produced, which give it frequently an herbaceous appearance.
Branches angled and winged. Leaves sometimes lanceolate, dotted, of a
pale and somewhat glaucous complexion. Panicle compoundly dichoto-
mous, with a flower in each division of the stem on short peduncles. Leaves
of the calyx lanceolate. Corolla obovate, nearly twice as long as the calyx.
Styles 3, sometimes 4, united, but sepaiated at their summits. Capsule
3 celled, coloured.

Grows around the margins of ponds, and in shallow swamps.
Flowers August — September.

Branches winged ;
leaves oblong-ovate
obtuse, sessile ; pani-
cles terminal, naked,
compound ; corolla
longer than the calyx 5
styles united.

78. Pursh. 2. p. 375.

17. Glaucum ?

H. caule tereti ; fo-
liis cordato—ovatis
semiamplexicaulibus,
glaucescentibus ; pa-
nicula divaricato-di-
chotoma, foliosa; co-
rolla calycem aequan-
"te ; stylis coadunatis.

Mich. 2. p. 78. Pursh. 2. p.

Stem terete ; leaves
cordate— ovate, half
embracing the stem,
somewhat glaucous ;
panicle divaricate, di-
chotomous, leafy; co-
rolla as long as the ca-
lyx J styles united.

S7<5.

POLYANDRIA DI — PENTAOTNU.

33

A small straggling shrub, rarely exceeding 1 8 inches in height, with a
fevf opposite branches. Leaves very smooth, dotted, and somewhat glau-
cous, particularly on the under surface. Flowers in the division of the
stem, on peduncles 2 — 5 lines long. Leaves of the calyx ovate and
slightly acuminate. Petals about as long as the calyx, with a tooth or
angle near the summit. Staviens very numerous, little shorter than the
corolla. Styles united at first, separating as the fruit matures.

Grows in ponds about a quaiter oi" a mile to the north of Ogeechee
Ferry.

Flowers May — June.

ELODEA. Adanson.

Calyx S-parlitus,
aequalis. Petala 5, un-
giubus nectariferis.
Filamenta 9-15, in 3-
phalanges connata.
Qlandulce inter plia-
langes. Styli 3, di-
vergentes. Cannula
3-Iocularis

Calyx 5.parted, e-
qual. Petals 5, with
nectariferous claws.
Filaments 9-15, uni-
ted in three phalanxes,
with a gland between
the phalanxes. Styles
3, diverging. Capsule
3-celled.

1. ViRGINICA.

E. foliis sessilibus
amplexicaulibus cor-
date oblongis, obtu-
sissimis; pedunculis
paucifloris, axillaribus
terminalibusque ; sta
minibus 9, levissime
basi coalitis.

Nutt. 2. p. 17.

E. campanulata. Pursh. 2. p. 379.

Hypericum virginicum. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1455. Mich. 2. p. 81.

Hypericum campanulatum. Walt. 191.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, about 2 feet high, terete, glabrous,

with opposite branches. Leaves opposite, with pellucid dots, glaucous

underneath. PerfwMc/es axillary, triflorous, with the middle flower sessile;

the terminal peduncle compound, naked, fQi:naing a §nj»ill papicle of 9 «i

VOL. II, E

Leaves sessile, am-
plexicaule, cordate,
oblong, very obtuse ;
peduncles axillary and
terminal, few flower-
ed; stamens 9, slight-
ly united at base.

34

POLYANDRIA DI — PENTAGYJJIA.

more flowers, common peduncle about an inch long. Segments of the ca-
lyx oval, seven nerved, glabrous, not dotted. Petals oval, twice as long as
the calyx, dotted, of an obscurely red color. Stamens generally 9, as long
as the corolla, united at base into 3 phalanxes, an ovate orange colored gland
between the phalanxes. Styles 3, separate, as long as the stamens. Cajt-
sule 3 celled.

Grows in wet soils and ditches and around ponds.
Flowers August and September.

2. TuBULosA. Walt.

E. floribus trigynis;
corolJis tubulosls ; sta-
minnm coiporiuus
plusquam ad medium
connatis; foliis sessii-
ibus.

Flowers trigynous ;
corolla tubular ; sta-
mens united above the
middle^ leaves sessile.

Pursh, 2. p. 379. Nutt. 2. p. 17.
Hypericum tubulcsum. Walt. p. 191.

Tius plant still rests on the authority of Walter.
i&vf of his species which has not been identified.
Grows
Flowers

It is one of the very

3. Petiolata. Walt.

E. foliis petiolatis
oblongo-ovalibuSjObtu-
sis ; floribus oppositis,
axillaribus, subsessili-
bus, subternis ; sta-
minibus ad medium
usqueconnatis, capsu-
lis oblongis.

Leaves on petioles,
obSong-oval, obtuse ;
lowers opposite, ax-
illary, nearly sessile,
generally by threes ;
stamens united to the
middle ; capsule ob-
long.

Pursh. 2. p. 379. Nuttall. 2. p. 17.
Hypericum petiolatura. Wal. l9l.
Hypericum axillare. Mich. 2. p. 81.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, about 2 feet liigh, glabrous. Leaves
opposite, emarginate, tapering at base, dotted, and somewhat glaucous
underneath, petigleg ^^m\ hilf an inch long. Common pe«?MWC?e 3—4

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

35

lines long, generally 3 flowered. SegmenU of the calyx oval, obtuse,
nervedj with the margins membrana<'eous. Petals lanc^olcite, nearly acute,
of a dull red colour and a little longer than the cah'x. Filaments 9, luiited
almost to the summit in 3 phalanxes. Capsule 3 celled.

Grows in ditches and around ponds.

Flowers August and September.

While in compliance with the practice of modern botanists, I have re-
moved the 0 last g.:nera from Polyadelphia to Polyandria, it has at least
led to a very anomalous insertion of this genus ; for while the Hyperi-
cums of North America appear to be really polyandrous, and without ihe
distinct features which belong to the class Polyadelphia, the genus Elo-
<lea is distinctly Pol^'adelphous, and is not Polyandrous. By a student of
Botany, it certainly would never be sought for in this class. Its species are
the most truly enneandrous plants that I have ever met with.

POLYGYNIA.

ILLICIUM. Gen, Pl, 940.

Calyx 6-phyllus.
Petala 27 (interdum 6
— 9, Nuttall.) Cap-
sulce plures, in orbem
digestae, 2-valves, 1-
spermae.

1. Parviflorum.

I. foliis alterniSjlan-
ceolatis, integerrimis
glaberrimisque, coria-
ceis,pereiinantibus; flo-
ribus pusillis, cernuis;
petalis calyceque ro-
timdatis, concavis.

Mich. 1. p. 320. Piu-sh. 2^ p.

Calyx 6-leaved.
Petals 27 (sometimes
6 — 9. Niitt.) Capsules
numerous, collected
into a circle, 2-valved,
i-se^ded.

Leaves alternate,
lanceolate, entire and
glabrous, coriaceous,
perennial ; flowers
small, nodding ; petals
and leaves of tiie ca-
lyK round, concave.

380

36

POLYANDRIA POLTGYNIA.

A handsome shrub, growing sometimes C — 10 feet high, remarkable for
its bright, smooth, perennial leaves. Leaves on short petioles, rather acute
than obtuse, but never acuminate. Flowers small, axillary, generally cer-
nuous, on peduncles scarcely 1-2 an inch long. Petals dull yellow, gen-
erally 6 — 8 but I believe not definite in their number. Stamens short.
Germ superior. Capsules very handsomely arranged in a circle around a.
central receptacle.

This plant, originally, I believe, from the banks of St. John's, East^
Florida, is now common in our gai'dens, and is almost naturalized.

Flowers May — June.

MAGNOLIA. Gen. Pl. 942.

Calyx 3-phylIus.
Petala 6 — 9. i apsu-
Ice 2-valves, l-spermae,
in strobilum imbrica-
tae. Semina pendu-
la.

1. Grandiflora.

M. foliis perennan-
tibusjovali-lanceolatis^
crassis, coriaceis, sub-
tus ferrugineis ; petal-
is dilat ato« obovatis^ab
rupte in unguem an-
gustatis.

Calyx 3-leaved.
Petals 6 — 9. Cap.
sides 2-valved, 1-seed-
ed, imbricated, form-
ing an ovate strobilus*
Seeds pendulous.

Leaves perennial,
oval lanceolate, thick,
coriaceous, ferrugin-
ous underneath ; pe-
tals obovate, abruptly
contracted into a claw.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 1255. Walt.
380. Mich. Arb. 3. p. 71.

p. 158. Mich. 1. p. 326. Pursh, 2.

This magnificent tree is almost too well known to need description. It
rises sometime-; 60, 70, or 80 feet in height, with a naked smooth colum-
nar stem, and the head when not injured by accident is always regularly
pyramidal, or semi elliptical. From May to* August in favorable situations
it is almost always covered with its brilliant white flowers, terminating the
young branches. The petals are large, oval, or obovate, abruptly nar-
rowed at base ; concave, coriaceous, of a brilliant white, but becoming in-
stantly ferruginous, when scratched or bruised. Letters can easily be
'i^ritten on them with the point of any sharp instrument. Stamens very
i numerous, imbricate, much shorter than the corolla. Germs superior
Zgregated on an oblong, ovate receptacle. Style short, recurved.
iJapsules sitting on the receptacle, imbricated, splitting longitudinally.'

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

37

Seeds 1 or 2 in each capsule, covered with a scarlet pulp, hanging for a
tew days after they quit the capsule by a thread attached to their base.

Grows in rich, lightsoils, very common all along the sea coast of Geor-
gia and Carolina ; rarely found in Carolina more ihan 40 miles from the
»ea coast — in Georgia it extends higher up the country being fuund in the
neighbourhood of Millt- dgeville, and in the Alabama I saw it growing
plentifully as high up as Fort Jackson.

Flowers May — August.

2. Glauca.

M. foiiis ovali lan-
ceolatis, siibtus glau-
cis; petalis obovatis,
basi attenuatis.

Leaves oval lance-
olate, glaucous under-
iieall) ; petals obo-
vate, tapering at base.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1256. Walt. p. 158. Mich. 1. p. 327. Mich. arb. 3.
p. 77.

A shrub frequently becoming a small tree, remarkable for its white or
somewhat glaucous bark. Leaves aiternaie, on petioles about an inch
long, acute, shining, and v/hen young pubescent, underneath glaucous,
pubescence when young having a silken lustre. Flowers solitary, ter
minal. Leaves of the cali/x oval, glabrous, membranaceous, sprinkled
with pellucid dots, as long as the corolla. Petals generally 9, obovate,
white, as long as the receptacle. Filaments very numerous, compressed,
with the point acuminate and extending beyond the anthers. Anthers at-
tached to the inner side of the filaments.

This is probably the most fragrant plant in om- forests. It grows in
great profusion along the margin of the rich swamps which border our ri-
vers, and in the morning and evening during the period of its flowering,
the atmosphere of our streams is often literally perfumed with its fra^
erance.

We have a variety with perennial leaves which sometimes becomes a
tree 50 — 60 feet high. I have been able to discover no other distinction
between these two plants than this diflercnce of habit.

Grows in swamps and wet soils, though extremely abundant in the low-
country of Carolina — it is very rarely found upon the islands which, bor-
der the sea coasts.

Flowers April — IMay.

S. Acuminata.

M. foliis ovalibus, a-
cimiinatis, subtiis pii-
bescentibus; petalis o-
bovatis, obtusiusculis.

Leaves oval, aciimi-
nate, pubescent im-
denieath ; petals obo
vate, rather obtuse.

Sp. PI. 2. p. 1257. Walt. p. 159. Mich. 1. p. 329. Pursh. 2. p.
3S1. 31ich. Arb. 2. p. 8Z

38

POLYANDIUA POLIGYNIA.

A tree which in favourable soils and situations, parlicularly in the fer-
tile vallies apnong the mountains of Tennessee, grows 70 feet high, with
a trunk 2 — 3 feet in diameter. Leaven oval, sometimes broad and lan-
ceolate, acuminate, soft and pubescent underneath. Petak oval or obo-
vate, of a dull yellow colour tinged widi blue. Fruit cylindrical 2 — 3
inches long.

Grows in the upper end mountainous districts of Carolina and Georgia,
not found along the sea-coasts.

Flowers June — July. Cucumber Tree.

4. Tripetala.

M. foliis amplis,
ciineato lanceolatis^
jimioribus holoserice-
is; petalis 9, ovali
laiiceolatis. aciitis, ex-
terioribus reflexis.

Leaves large, cune-
ate-lanceolate^ acute,
when young silky; pe-
tals Ojovai-lanceolate,
acute, the exterior
ones reilected.

Sp. PI. 2. p. 1258. Walt. p. 159.
p. 381. Mich."Arb. 3. p. 90.

Mich. 1. p. 327. Pursh. 2.

A tree which' sometimes attains th.e heigiU of 30 — 35 feet, though
generally smaller, and contrary to tlie usual habit of this genus^ remaikable
for the irregular direction and growth of its branches. Its leaves are very
large 15 — 20 inches long, and 6 — 8 wide, gradually tapering at base and
slightly acuminate at the summit, alternate but crowded near the extremity
of die branches. Petals oblong lanceolate, white, about 3 inches long.
Cone oval or obovate.

Grows in every part rS the Southern States in very rich soils, though
rare along the sea-coast, and very rare upon the islands.

Flowers May-^Junc. Umbrella Tree.

5. Cord ATA.

M. foliis lato-ovali
vel ovato-Ianceolatis,
basi subcordatis, sub-
tus subtomentosis; pe-
talis oblongo lanceoia-

Leaves broad, oval
or ovate-lanceolate, at
base slightly cordate,
somewhat tomentose
underneath; petals ob-
long lanceolate, acute.

tis, acuti

Mich. 1. p. 328. Pursh. 2. p. 3S2. Mich. Arb, 3. p. 87

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

39

A tree which is saiJ bv Michaux. to grow sometimes to the height of
40 or TiO feet, though ^^enerally about 24 — 40, Leaves 4 — u inches long,
3 — ;j wide, sometimes nearly round, and in general very slightly cordate
at liase. Leaves of the caJvx small. Petals oblong-lanceolate, yellow-
ish, faintly streaked with red. Cones cylindric, about 3 inches long.

Grows in ihe upper districts of Cajolina and Georgia, more common
around Augusta, than in any other part of the country with which I ara
acquainted.

Flowers yVpril — May.

6. AURICULATA.

M. foliis obovato-
lanceolatis, acutis, u-
trinque viridibus, basi
cordatis, auriculatis ;
petalis lanceolatis.

Leaves obovate-
laiiceoIate,aciite,green
on each surface^ cor-
date and auriculate at
base; petals lanceo-
late.

Sp, PI. 2. p. 1158. Mich,
arb. 3. p. 94.

M. Fraseri Walt. 159.

M. pyramidata ? Baitram.

1. p. 328. Pursh. 2. p. 382. Mich.

A tree 30 — 40 feet high, with a stem about 1 in diameter. Leaves
large, 8 — 12 inches long, 4 — 6 wide, very acute, glabrous, in none of my
specimens glaucous underneath, tapering to the base and cordate wich
rounded lobes. Petals lanceolate, 2 — 3 inches long, white, fragrant.

Grows among the mountains of Carolina and Georgia, but said by
Michaux, to have been seen at the Sisters-ferry, 35 miles above Savannah
on Savannah-river.

Flowers April — May.

I have inserted the M. Pyramidata of Bartram, which has eluded the
researches of recent botanists, as a variety of the M. auriculata, yet it
must be remarked, that the specimens I possess of the M. pyramidata, are
distinguished by leaves much shorter and proportionally wider, and the
sinus at the base is more abrupt and angular. Its habitat too may excite
some suspicion of a difference in the species. Th.is plant was dis-
covered by Bartram along the sea coast of East Florida. Mr. Kin
of Philadelphia assures me he found it on the south bank of the Altamaha
nearly opposite to Darien, while Michaux the younger remarks that the
M. auriculata is so exclusively confined to the m^nntairis, that excepting
the plant he discovered at the Si},ters' Ferry, he had never met with it be-
tween the mountains and the ocean. May not this low country plant of
Michaux really belong to the pyr^-^^'^"** -^ ;«-^— _iu?

40

POLYANDRIA POLYGTNIA.

Leaves very large,
oblong, cuneate, obo-
vate, sinuate and au-
ricdlate at base, glau-
cous underneath; pe-^
tals 6, ovate, obtuse^

7. Macrophylla.

M. foliis amplissi"
misjobioiigo subcune-
ato-obovaiis, basi sin-
nato sui3auriculatis,
subtus glaucis, petaiis
0, ovatis, obtusis.

Mich. 1. p. 32T- Mich. arb. 3. p. 99- Pursh, 2. p. 381.

A small tree, but rarely exceeding 30 — 35 feet in height : The stem and
very fragile branches covered with n v/liit^ Ijark. The leaves alternate,
and crowded near the summit of the branches, exceed in magnitude those
of any other of our plants, they have been found 35 inches long, and 9 —
10 inches wide. They are acute at the summit; tapering and cordate,
but scarcely auriculate at base, glaucous underneath, and when young
clothed with a silvery silken pubescence. Ptdals 4 — 5 inches long, ovate,
white, tinged with purple at the base, fragrant. Cone oval.

To complete the view of this interesting genus, I have inserted this spe-
cies although it has never yet been found whhin the limits strictly assign-
ed to this work, yet, in Lincoln comity, North-Carolina, it approaches so
near the frontiers of this State, that it would be a matter of some surprise
if it should not yet be discovered along the southern declivities of the Sa-
luda Mountains.

Grows 10 or 12 miles to the South-east of Lincoln Court-house, North'-
Carolina, and in Tennessee.

Flowers May to July.

LIRIODENDRON. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 3-Ieaved.
Petals 6. Capsules
(Samarce) imbricated,
forming a strobilus,
1 — 2 seeded, not open-
ing.

Leaves truncated,
praemorse, 4-iobed ;
caiyx three leaved.

Sp. plantarum. 2. p. 1254. Walter 158. Mich. l,p. 326. Mich.
Arb. 3. p. 302. Pursh. 2. p. 382.

Calyx 3-phyllus.
Petala 6. Saniarae
imbricatae in strobi-
lum. Capsula 1 — 2
spermae, non dehis-
ce ntes.

1. Tulipifera.

L. foliis abscisso-
truncatis,4-lobatis,ca-
lyce triphyllo. *

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

41

This is one of tiie largest trees of the American forests. In the low
country of Carolin.T- and Georgia, it is somewhat rare, and sclrlom ex-
ceeds 3 feet in diameter, but in the fertile soils of the western ccimtrv in
Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama, it is sometimes found 7 to 9 ; and
120 to 140 feet in lieiglit. The wood of this tree though soft is durable.
The leaves are alternate, 3 lobed, with the middle lobe truncate, and varying
with the angles of the lobe obtuse, acute, and accuminate, glabrous,
on petioles 2 to 3 inciies long. Flowers solitary, terminal. Leaves of the
calyx concave. Petals obovate, lanceolate, of a dull yellow colour tinged
with red. Stamens numerous, disposed in a simple series shorter than the
petals. Germs numerous on a conical receptacle.

Grows in most fertile soils.

Flowers May — June.

ASIMINA. Adanson.

Calyx 3-pIiyllus.
Petala 6, interioia
minora. Stigmata ses-
silia obtusa. Baccm
pliires aut aboitione
subsolitariae. Semina
plurima, imica? serie
disposita.

1. Parviflora*

A. foliis cuneato-
obovatis, mucionatis,
subtus ramulisque ru-
fo-pubescentibiis ; pe-
talis exterior ib us ca-
lyce vix duplo longi-
oribus.

Calyx 3-Ieaved.
Petals 6, the interior
small. Stigmas ses-
sile, obtuse. Berriesl
many, or by abortion
solitary. Seeds nume-
rous, arranged in a
single? series.

Leaves cuneate-
obovate, mucronate,
underneath and with
the branches covered
with a rufous pubes-
cence ; exterior petals
scarcely twice as long
as the cnlyx.

Decandolle 1. p. 478. Porcelia parviflora, Pursh, 2. p. 383.
Orchidocarpum parvifloitun. Mich. Amer. 1. p. 329.

A small shrub rarely exceeding 2 feet in height, with a few branchea
near the summit. The young branches clothed with a velvet like, ferru-
ginous pubescence. heaves alternate, obovate, aliruptly acute and
slightly acuminate, a little hairy on the upper surfa< <^ pubescent undep-
neath, on very short petioles. Flowers solitary, nsarly sessile. Calu^
TOL. II. r

42

POLTAI^DRIA POLTGYNIA.

very pubescent, deciduous. Corolla greenish purple, the 3 exterior petals
twice as long as the calyx, the 3 interior as long as the calyx, all ovate,
nearly acute, pubescent. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Fruit about
an inch and a half long, irregularly oval, rarely ripening.

The species of this genus are all remarkable for the strength of their
bark and for the foetid odour Avhich it diffuses when bruised.

Grows in sandy pastures along the sea coa&t of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers April — May.

2. Triloba.

A. foliis glabrius-culis
oblonge cuneato-obo-
vatis; petalis exterio-
ribus calyce quadrup-
le longioribus, subro-
tundo-ovatis.

Leaves glabrous,
longjcuneate-obovate :
exterior petals four-
times as long as the
calyxj nearly round.

161.

De Candolle l.p. 479.

Anona triloba sp. pi. 2. p. 1267.

Walt. 158. Mich. Arb. 3. p.

Orchidocarpun arietinum Mich. 1. p. 329.
Porcelia triloba Pursh. 2. p. 383.

A small tree generally 15—20 feet high. Branches alternate, slender,
nearly gkbrous. Leaves alternate on very short petioles, obovate, cune-
ate, acuminate, entire, glabrous and shining on the upper surface, slightly
pubescent underneath. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles, shooting
from the bud of the preceeding year. Corolla much larger than the ca-
lyx, brownish purple, the exterior petals larger, nearly round. Stamens
much shorter than the corolla. Germs numerous, rarely more than 1 or
2 fertile. Fruit 2 — 3 inches long, pulpy, eatable, though insipidly sweet.
Seeds 6 — 8.

Grows in rich soils, along the margin of creeks and rivers in the middle
and upper country, descending along the large streams to the head of tide
water; Beck's ferry on Savannah river.

Flowers March — April.

5. Grandiflora.

A. foliis cuneato-
obovatisj obtusis, sub-
tus ramulisque rufo-
pubescentibus; petalis
cxterioribus pbovatis,

Leaves cuneate,
obovate, obtuse, the
under surface and
branches cloathed with
a rufous pubescence ;

POLTANDRIA FOLYGYKIA^

43

calyce multoties am-
plioribus.

exterior petals obo-
vate, much larger
than the calyx.

De Cand 1. p. 480.

Anona obovata. Sp. pi. 2. p. 1269.

Anona grandiflora, Bartram trav. tab. 2.

Orchidocarpum grandiflorum. Mich. 1. p. 8S0.

Porcelia grandiflora. Pursh, 2. p. 383.

A shrub rarely exceeding 18 or 24 inches in height, sometimes very
uuich branched, with creeping? roots. The young leaves, branches, and
calyx soft, flexible, tomentose, ferruginous. Flowers few, scattered along
tiie stem on short peduncles, shooting with the young bremches from the
bud of the last year, very large for the size of the plant, the exterior pe-
tals obovate or nearly round, the interior smaller, oblong, all yellowish
white. The fruit I have not seen.

Not foimd I believe to the North of the Altamaha. Very common in
the dry pine barrens between that river and the Satilla,

Flowers March — ApriL

Leaves long, linear,
cuneate, obtuse, cori-
aceous and with the
branches glabrous ;
exterior petals much
larger than the calyx,
obovate, oblong.

4. Pygmj:a.

A. foliis sublongo-
linearibus,cuneatis,ob-
tusis, coriaceis, ramu-
lisque glabris; petalis
exterioribus calyce
multoties majoribus,
obovato-oblongis.

De CandoUe 1. p. 479.

Anona pygmaea. Bartram p. 21. Sp. pi. 2. p. 1268.
Orchidocarpum pygmeum. Mich. 1. p. 330
Porcelia pygma?a. Pursh, 2. p. 383.

A small shrub 6 — 1 8 inches high. Leaves nearly sessile 4 — 6 inches
long, very narrow, reticulate, perennial? Flowers solitary, axillary, large,
on short peduncles. Petals reddish brown, the exterior obovate oblong,
the interior elliptic, small.

Grows in the southern frontier of Georgia and in East-Florida*

Flowers March — April.

CLEMATIS. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 0. Petala
4 — 6. Semina com-

Calyx 0. Petals
4 — 6. (Se^d$ com^T^fi"

4A

rOLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA

pressa in caiidam sas-
pius barbato-plumo-
sam prodiicta.

1. 1 ViRGINIANA.

C. scaiiclens; foliis

sed, generally termi*
nated with a long fea-.
tiiered tail.

Climbing; leaves
ternate,leaflets ovate,
somewhat cordate,
notched, toothed and
lobed ; flowers in pan-*
icles, dioecious.

Walt. p. 157, Mich. 1. p. 318. Pursh, 2. p»

ternatisjfoliolis ovatis
subcordatis, inciso-
dentatis lobatisque;
floribns paniculatis,
dioicis.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1290.
585. De CandoUe 1. p. 142.

Plant climbing over shrubs and sometimes covering with its foliage and
flowers small trees 15 — 20 feet high Stem terete, glabrous, pubescent
when young. Leaves opposite, leaflets acute and acuminate, with the
veins and margins pubescent. Corymbs or panicles, axillary, opposite,
somewhat trichotomously compound, with two small leaflets at each divi-
sion. Petals 4, oval, pubescent, white, fragrant. Germs in the male, an(|
Stamens in the female flowers abortive. Seed small, the tail clothed with,
silken hair.

Grows in fertile soils.

JFlowers in August.

2. Catesbeyana. Pursh

C. floribus panicu-
latis, subdioicis; foliis
biternatim sectis; seg-
mentis subcordatis,
trilobis.

Flowers paniculate
somewhat dioecious ;
leaves divided, biter-
nate, segments slight-
ly acuminate and 3-^
lobed.

Pursh, 2, p. 736. De Candolle 1. p. 142.

Similar to the preceeding species; scandent, pubescent. Leaves doub-
ly ternate, the segments slightly cordate, 3 lobed, lobes entire, acuminate
with the nerves miderneath pubescent. Panicle divaricate, dichotomous.
Flowers small, the female florets bearing abortive stamens. Petals 4 ob-
long, downy on the outer surface; Stamens shorter than the petals.
Styles bearded. De Cand.

Grows in Soutli-Caiolina. Catesbey— Pui'sh.

riowers.

POLYANDRIA FOLYGYNIA.

45

3. HOLOSERICEA. Pui'sh.

C. sc^aidens, foliis
ternatim sectis, seg-
mentis obloago-lance-
olatis, integris, utriii-
que pubescentibas;iio-
ribus paiiicuiato-cor-
ymbosis, dioicis, pet-
alis liiiearibiis stamin-
ibiis longioribus.

Climbing; leaves
divided, iernate, seg-
ments oblong-lanceo-
late, entire, pubescent
on both surfaces;
flowers in a paniculate
corymb, dioecious;
petals linear, longer
than the stamens.

Pursh, 2. p. 3 84. De Candolle 1. p. 145.

The whole plant silky. Cr>rymbs trichotomous, few flowered. Floiv-
firs small, white. Tails of the seed long, feathered.
Described by Pursh from the herbarium of Walter.
Grows in Carolina.
Flowers.

4. LiNEARiLOBA. Dc Caiidollc.

C. peduncuUs uni-
floris, petalis acutissi-
mis;foliis pinnatim sec
lis, glabris, segmentis
integris aut triparti-
tis, lobis linearibus.
De Cand.

Peduncles one flow,
ered^ petals very

a-

cute; leaves divided,
pinnate, glabrous,with
the segments entire or
3-parted.

(Stem terete, slender, glabrous. Leaves glabrous, segments 3 — 4 pair^
the lower ones tripartite, others undivided, lobes all linear, entire, acute,
more than an inch long, scarcely 2 lines wide. Petioles tortuous resem-
bling cirrhi. Peduncles terminal, solitary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the
leaves. Petals nearly an inch long, acute, externally glabrous, pubescent
along the margins, nearly twice as long as the stamens. De Cand.

Described from specimens collected by Fraser in the low country of
Carolina.

Flowers.

6. Walteri. Pursh.

C. scandens; foliis Climbing; leaves
pinnatim ^ectis, triju- divided, pinnate, leaf-

46

POLTANDRIA POLYGYMA.

gis,

foliolis clivarica-
tis, petioiatis, lineari-
lanceolatis, acuiis, in-

tegerrimis.

subtiis

lets in 3 pair, divari-
cate, petiolate, linear
lanceolate, acute, ve-
ry entire, glaucous un-
derneath ; flowers sol-
itary; petals elliptic,

twice as long as the

glaucis; floribus soli-
tariis, petalis ellipti-
€is, staminibus duplo

stamens.

— o

Pursh, p. 384. De CandoUe 1. p. 155.

Leaves terminating with tendrils. Flowers white.

Described by Pursh from specimens in the Herbarium, of Walter,

Grows in Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers.

6. ViORNA.

C. scandens; foliis
glabris, pinnatim sec-
tis, segmentis ovali-
lanceoiatis, utrinque
acutis, trifidis integer-
rimisque: floribus so-
litariis, campanulatis ;
petalis crassis, acumi-
natis.

Climbing; leaves
glabrous, divided, pin-
nate, segments oval-
lanceolate, acute at
each end, 3-cleft and
entire; flowers solita-
ry, campanulate; pe-
tals thick, acuminate.

Sp.pl. 2. p. 1288.
De Candoile 1. p. 156.

AValt. p. 156. Mich 1. p. 318. Pursh. 2. 385.

Stem pubescent, leaflets broad, lanceolate, acute, sometimes notched but
generally entire, pubescent particularly along the margins and veins of the
«nder surface. Peduncles solitary, axillary and terminal, sometimes 3-
flowered De Cand. Peiak coriaceous, rugose, purple, pubescent along
tke margins, with the summits acute, reflected, not dilated as in C. Cris-
pa. Stamens nearly as long as the tube of the corolla. Tails of the
^eeds long, plumose.

Grows in the middle and upper District of Caroluia and Georgia.
Flowers May — August.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

47

7. Cylindrica.

C. scaadens; foliis
pinnatim decomposi-
tis, segmentis ovatis,
utriiique acutis, gia-
bris, simplicibus, pedi-
cellatis:pedunculis ter-
miiialibus, solitariis ;
corollis cernuis^ cylin-
dricis, petaiis subcor-
iaceis, iiiidulatis; aris-
tis seminum plumosis.

Pursh p. 385. De CandoUe 1

Climbing; leaves
pinnate, decompound,
segments ovate, acute
at each end, glabrous,
simple, on petioles;
peduncles terminal,
solitary; corolla nod-
ding, cylindrical, pe-
tals coriaceous, undu-
late, tails of the seed
plumose.

p. 156.

Nearly allied to C. Vionia. Reticulata and Crispa. From C. Vioma it
differs, in having all the segments of the leaves entire, llowers twice as
large, and petals thin with the margins undulate. From C. Reticulata it
differs, by its leaves thin and not coriaceous, scrircely veined, not reticu-
late. From C. Crispa, which it nearly resembles in habit and inflores-
cence, it differs by a larger tlower, by the margin of the corolla undulate,
not revolute, and particularly by the long and bearded tails of the seed.
De Cand.

Grows in Carolina.
Flowers in the summer.

8. Reticulata. Walt.

C. scandens; foliis
coriaceis, reticulatim
nervosis, glabris, pin-
natim sectis, segmen-
tis ovatis, omnibus iii^
tegris petiolatisque,
membranaceis; flori-
bus solitariis; petaiis
subcoriaceis ; aristis
seminum plumosis.

Walt. p. 156. Mich. 1. p. 31S. Pursh p. 385. Dc Cand. l.p. 157.

Climbing ; leaves
coriaceous, reticulate-
ly nerved, glabrous,
divided, pinnate, seg-
ments ovate, all entire
and on petioles, mem-
branaceous ; flowers
solitary; petals cori-
aceous ; tails of the
seed plumose.

45

POLYANDRIA tOLYGYNlA.

A vine nnining over small sarubs, glabrous. Leaves pinnate, tvith 5
or 4 pair of leaflets. Leaflets ovate, very glabrous, distinctly veined on
both surfaces, rigid, coriaceous, sometimes obtuse, but sometimes acute and
even mucronate. Flowers solitary, terminal, of a dull purple colour, on
small branches. Tails of the seed long and conspicuously feathered.

Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina and Georgia*
Flowers May to August.

9. OcHROLEucA. Hort

C. erecta, simplex,
piibescens; ibliis sim-
plicibiis, calycibiisque
sericeis ; pedmiciilo
terminali, solitario ;
flore inclinato.

Kew«

Erect, simple, pu-
bescent; leaves simple
ovate, entire, the
young leaves and ca-
lyx silky; peduncle ter-
minal, solitary; flower
leaning*

Sp. Plant. 2. p. 1294. De Candolle 1. p. 159.
C. Sericea Mich. 1. p. 319- Pursh. 2. p. 385.

Root perennial. Stem firmly erect, very villous, particularly near the
summit. Leaves opposite, large, simple, entire, ovate, rather acute, reti-
culately veined, very pubescent, or villous on the under surface, on very
short footstalks. Flouiers solitary, terminal, yellowish. Seeds large, very
conspicuously tailed and feathered.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia, Mr. Herbemont ;
among the Saluda Mountains, Dr. Macbride.
Flowers May — July.

10. OvATA. Pursh.

C. erecta; foliis o-
vatis, acutis, glabris,
utrinque reticulato ve-
nosis, infimis subcor-
datis; pedunculis uni-
floris; floribus erectis;
aristis seminum plum-
osis.

Pursh. f. p. 736. De Candolle

Erect, leaves ovate^
acute, glabrous, reti-
culate on both surfa-
ces, the lower slightly
cordate; peduncles 1-
flowered ; flow ers e-
rect ; tails of the seed
plumose.

1. p. 159.

tOLYANDRIA POLTGYNiA.

49

Stem simple. Leaves ovate, acute, on short petioles. Peduncle ter-
minal, solitary. Tails of the seed v.^ry lona:. ruvs'i.

Described by Pursh, from specimens collected in Carolina by Catesby.
Flowers

11. Crispa.

C.scaiidens; foliis
pinnatis ternatisque,
segmentis divaricatis,
ovato-lanceolatis, acu-
tis, trilobis integerri-
misve; fioribus solita-
riis; corolliscampanii-
latis; petalis acumina-
tis, revolutis, margine
imdulatis; aristis sem-
iiium subidatis, niidis.

Sp. pi. 2. 1289. Walt. p. 157
De CandoUe 1. p.

Root perennial and somewhat creeping. Stem pubescent, climbing
over small slirubs. Branches opposite, divaricate. Leaves glabrous,
though sprinkled occasionally with a few hairs. Flowers scattered, soli-
tary, on the summit of small branches, campanulate, of a bright purple.
Petals coriaceous, rugose, towards the summit dilated, then acuminate,
the margins undulate. Stamens very numerous, shorter than the tube of
the corolla. Anthers attached to the sides of the filaments. Genus very
numerous, tomentose. Styles longer than the stamens.

Grows in close, damp, rich soils, very common in the river swamps in
the low country.

Flowers April — May.

THALICTRUM. Gen. Pl.

Climbing; leaves
pinnate and t^rnate;
segments divaricate,
ovate-lanceolate, acu-
tCj 3-iobed or entire ;
flowers solitary; co-
rolla campanulate; pe-
tals acuminate, revo*
lute, with the margins
nnduiate; tails of the
seed subnlate, naked.

, Mich. 318. Pursh 2. p. 384.

Calyx 0. Petala
4 — 5. Stamina lon-
gissima. Semina e-
caudata, striata.

Calyx 0. Petah
4 — 5. :^iamens vr y
long. Seeds without
tails, striate.

1. Revolutum. De Cand.
T. floribus dioicis Flowers dioecious
polygamisve; filamen- | or polygamous i iiia-

VOL. II. «

50

POLYANDRIA POLTGTNIA.

tis filiformibus; folio-
rum segmentis ovatis,
subtrilobis, margine
subtus revoliitis, sub-
tus velutino-pubes-
centibus. De Cand.

ments filiform ; seg-
ments of the leaves o-
vate, generally 3-lo-
bed, with the margins
revolute, underneath
finely pubescent.

DeCandolIe 1. p. 173.

T. pubescens. Pursh 2. p. 383.

Stem slender, glabrous, erect. Leaves bi or triternate ; with the seg-
ments ovate, slightly cordate, or cuneate, entire or 3-lobed, with the lobes
acute, the margins when dry sliglitly revolute, somewhat rugose on the
upper surface, cloathed on the under with a fine tomentum. Panicle ter-
minal, nearly naked, pedicels divaricate, longer than the leaves. Petah
A — 5, oval. Anthers yellow, oblong, mucronate at the summit. De Cand^

Grows in the lower districts of Carolina. Fraser.
Flowers June — August.

2. DioicuM.

T. floribus dioicis,
filamentis filiformibus;
foliorum segmentis su-
brotundis, cordatis,
obtuse lobatis, gla-
bris ; pedunculis ax-
illaribus, folio brevior-
ibus. De Cand.

Flowers dioecious,
filaments filiform; seg-
ments of the leaves
nearly round, cordate,
obtusely lobed, gla-
brous; peduncles ax-
illary, shorter than the
leaves.

Sp. PL 2. p. 1296. Pmsh 2, p. 388.
T. Leevigatum Mich. 1. p. 322.

De Candolle 1. p. 173^

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet high. Leaves generally
triternate, very glabrous. Flowers sessile, in small axillary clusters or
Tunbels. Footstalks of the umbels generally skorter than the leavesti,
sometimes extending and becoming compound and paniculate. Corolla
small, white. Stamens in this genus generally longer than the corolla.
Seeds deeply striate.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
Flowers May — July. Pursh.

Mich.

POLYANDRIA POLYQYNIA.

51

3. Carolinianum. Bosc.

T. floribus dioicis,
filamentis filiformibus;
folioruni segmentis o-
vatis, 3-5 dentatis,
glabris, subtus glaiicis;
pedunculis axiilaribus,
folio longioribus. De
Cand.

De Candolle 1. p. 174.

T. rugosum. Pursh 2. p. S88.

Flowers dioecious ;
filaments filiform; seg-
ments of the leaves o-
vate, 3-5 toothed, gla-
brous, glaucous un-
derneath ; peduncles
axillary, longer than
the leaves.

Allied to T. cliolcum, but differs in having the segments of the leaves
oval, less round, or cordate, and more glaucous underneath, and by its pe-
duncles longer than the leaves, rnore paniculate and divaricate. Fruit
pvate, , tapering at each end, stipitate, striate, with the ribs acute. Do
Cand.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Bose.

Flowers

4. Rugosum.

T. caule erecto, te-
reti, striato; panicula
erecta multiplici ; flo-
ribus confertis; folio-
rum segmentis ovatis,
subcordatis, grosse 3
■^—5 crenatis, subtus
glaucis, superne luci-
dis, De Cand.

Stem erect, terete,
striate ; panicle erect,
much divided; flow-
ers crowded; seg-
ments of the leaves o-
vate, slightly cordate,
coarsely crenate, glau-
cous underneath, shin-
ing above.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1298. Pursh 2. p. 388. De Candolle 1. p. 185.

Root perennial. Stem 2 to 5 feet high. Leaves compound, with the
lobes somewhat acute. Leaves shining and deep green on the upper sur-
face. Flowers in terminal panicles frequently dioecious. Corolla sraal!,
white.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
Flowers June — August.

Pursh,

o2

roLYAlSDRIA POLYGYNIA.

5.. Anemonotdes.

T. raclice grumosa;
floribus lunbellatis; fo-
liis floralibus petiola-
tis, biternatim sectis,
invokicrum constitu-
entibus.

Root grumous; flow-
ers umbellate; floral
leaves on petioles, di-
vided, biternate, form-
ing an involucrum.

Mich. 1. p. 322. De CandoUe 1. p. 1S6.

Anemone thalictroides. Sp. PI. 2. p. 1284. Pursh. 2. p. 389-

Root tuberous, perennial. Leaves all radical on long footsalks. Scape
fi — 12 inches high, terminating in a small umbel sun-ounded by an invo-
lucrum of 6 or 7 pedicellate leaves. Leafets of the involucrum resera-f
bling exactly those from the root. Umbels 3 — 6 flowered. Peduncles
gcarcely exceeding an mch in length. Petals generally 6, lanceolate, white.
Seeds deeply striate.

This plant appears to connect the genus Anemone with'that of the Tha-
lictrura. It resembles the Anemone in its inflorescence and habit. The
Thalictrum in its foliage and seed. Its place in the system, therefore has
often been changed. 1 have followed Michaux and De Candolle in uniting
it with the Thalictrum.

ijrrows in the Mountains of Carolina.

Flowers March — May.

6. Ranunculinum.

T. foliis simplicibus,
5 lobis, serratis, flori-
bus corymbosis.

Leaves simple, lo*
bed, serrate 5 flowers
corymbose. Wiild.

Willd. Enum, 5S5. Pujsh. 2. p. 389.

I Imve no knowledge of this plant but from the short notice which
Pursh has copied from Willdenow.
Grows in Carolina. Willd.

ANEMONE.

Involucrum Irifolia-
tum, dissectum. Pe-
laid 5-15. iSemina
plurima.

Involucrimi S-leav^-
ed, dissected. Petals
5-15. Seeds nume-
roHs.

JPOLYANDRIA POLYGTNIA.

§3

i. Caroliniana. Walt.

A. foliis ternatis,
foliolis incisis serra-
tisque; involucro tri-
foliato^ foliolis trificlis;
petalis 14 to 20 ova-
libiiSjexterioribus sub-
coriaceis. E.

Leaves ternate,
leaflets notched and
serrated ; involucrum
3-leaved, leaflets 3-
cleft, petals 14-20 o-
val, the exterior some-
what coriaceous.

Walt. p. 157. De Candolle 1. p. 201.
A tenella ? Pursh 2. p. 386.

JJoof perennial. Leayes on petioles 2 — 3 inches long. Scape l-fio\V'
rred, slender, 8 — 16 inches long, covered particularly towards the summit,
with a silky down. Involucrum near the middle of the scape, the leaf-
lets very i-egularly 3-cleft. Petals oblong, oval, white, the exterior 6 — 8
thicker and sprinkled with purple specks, the interior 8 — 14 very thin and
delicate. Filaments short yellow. Stigma hooked. Seed sittmg on
a cylindrical receptacle, covered with a silky down.

This beautiful and fragrant plant, has probably escaped the notice of all
our botanists, except Walter, for it is very doubtful whether the A. tenella
of Pursh, is the same plant. Its habitat in this country is very limited.
The taste is acrid, but fugitive. The petals are persistent, covering- the
seed, and the scape continues to grow until the seed ripens.

Found hitherto only in one or two places in the oak lands bordering the
3antee swamps, near Laneau's ferry.

Flowers generally between the 8 — l6th of March.

2. Nemorosa.

A. foliis ternatis,
foliolis cuneatis, incis-
o-lobatis, dentatis, a-
cutis ; caule unifloro ;
corollis 5-6 petalis ;
seminibus ovatis, sty
lo brevi uncinatis.

Sp. pi 2. p. 1281. Mich. 1. p. 319. Pursh 2. p. 386. De Can-
dolle 1. p. 203. *

Stem about 6— 12 inches high, leaves of the muo/?/m<m on petioles,
leaflets lanceolate acute more or less deeply notched. Peduncle pube-
scent near the summit. PetaU white, tinged with purple.

Grows in the moutains of Carolina.

Flowers March — April.

Leaves ternate,
leaflets cuneate, lobed,
toothed acute J stem
one flowered; corolla
5-6petalled; seeds o-
vate, with a short
hooked point.

.54

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

3. VlRGINJANA.

A. caule dichotomo;
foliis ternatis, superio-
ribiis oppositis, foliolis
inciso lobatis serratis-
qiie, aciitis; peduncu-
lis solitariis, unifloris,
elongatis ; seminibus
jnucronatis, in recep-
taculo oblongo.lanato,
aggregatis.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1279- Walt. p. 157
388.

Stem dichotomous ;
leaves ternate. the up-
per opposite, leaflets
lobed and serrate, a-
ciite; peduncles solita-
ry, one flowered, long;
seeds mucronate, col-
lected on an oblong
woolly receptacle.

. Mich. 1. p. 320. Pursh, 2. p.

Root tuberous, small. Stem herbaceous, simple, pubescent, almost vil-
lous, 2 — 3 Icet high, divided; at the first involucrum producing I — 4, 1-
flowered peduncles. Leaves of the involucrum similar to those of the root,
all rugose^ hairy. Petals generally 5, of an obscure white colour, the two
exterior green and pubescent on the outer surface, lanceolate, acute,
three interior obovate, obtuse and also pubescent on the outer surface.
Stamens very numerous, much shorter than the corolla. Germs very nu-
merous collected into an oblong ovate capitulum; receptacle woolly. Seed-i
compressed mucronate.

Grows in shaded fertile soils.
Flowers July — August.

found within three miles of Charleston.

4. Walteri. Pursh.

A. foliis radicali-
bus palmatis, longius
pptiolatis ; pedunculo
radicali, longo, erecto,
unifloro; petalis 5 ; ra-
dice tuberosa.

Pursh 2. p. 387.
Thalictrum Carolinianum.

Root leaves palmate,
on long petioles ; pe-
duncle from the root,
long, erect, one flow-
ered ; petals 3 , root
tuberous.

Walter.

Following Pursh and De Candolle, I add this plant of Walter, as pro-
bably a species of Anemone, without having it in my power to add any
information on the subject, or to ascertain what plant was really described
under this name.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
HEPATICA. WiLLD.

O^

Calyx 3-phylliis.
Petala 6 — 9, diiplici
triplicive serie dispo-
sita. Semina ecaii-
data.

1. Triloba.

H. foiiis cordatis,
trilobis, lobis integer-
rimis.

Calyx 3-Ieaved.
Petals 6 — 9, arranged
111 a double or triple
series. Seeds without
tails.

Leaves cordate,
lobed, lobes entire.

3-

Pursh. 1. p. 391. De CandoUe 1. p. 21 6.

Anemone Hepalica. Sp. pi. 2. p. 1273. Walt. p. 157. Mich. I
p. 319.

Root perennial. Stem 0. Leaves all radical, on petioles 2 — 3 inch-
es long, nearly glabrous, 3 lobed with the lobes nearly round, cordate at
base, thick, coriaceous. Peduncles sometimes nunierous, shorter thai*
the leaves, covered with silken hair, each 1-flowered, proceeding from
sheaths at the crown of the root. Sheaths nearly glabrous externall}'', ve-
ry villous within. Calyx very villous. Corolla twice as long as the sta-
mens or calyx, of a beautiful rose or pink colour, sometimes variegated
with white.

Grows in rich light soils in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia-
Flowers February — March.

HYDRASTIS. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 0. Petala
3. Bacca composita^
acinis monospermis.

Calyx 0. Petals 3.
Berry compound,
with the pulpy grains
one seeded.

1. Canadensis.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 1340. Mich. 1. p. 317. Pursb, 2. p. 389. De Can-
doUe 1. p. 218.

Root perennial, yellow. Stem herbaceous, alternately 2-Ieave(I.
Leaves slightly cordate, palmate, the segments acutely serrate, glabrou*.
Flowers solitary, terminal. Petals of a pale rose colour. Stamens shorter
than the petals. Germs numerous, aggregated in a convex capitulunj,
somewhat pulpy, maturing but one seed, thouijh said by Michuux h^ itm~
tain generally when young rudiments of two.

Grows in rich soils in the monniai'ns.

Flowers April — May.

56

iPOLTAKDRIA POLYGYINIA.

RANUNCULUS. Gen. Pl. 953.

Calyx 5-pliylIus.
Petala 5, intra basin
imguiculatum poro
mellifero, saepius

sqnamula obtecto. Se-
mina nuda.

* Semina (ml per^
icarpia) transverse ru-
gosa striata; petala al-
ba ungue Jlava fovea
nectarifera notata»
Batrachium,

1. Hederaceus.

R. caule repenle,
foliis subreniformibus
sub 3 — 5 lobis, lobu-
lis latis, integris, obtu-
sissimis; petalis ob-
longis, calyce vix lon-
gioribus; staminibus
5 — 12; carpellis gla-
bris. De Candolle 1.
p. 233.

Sp. pl. 2. p. 1351.

' This species, originally a native of
ing and apparently naturalized around
become rare.

Grows in ditches and wet places.

Flowers in the summer.

Ca(?/a: 5-leaved. Ve-
tals 5, bearing near
the base of their claw
a melliferous pore
generally coveredwith
a scale. Seeds na-
ked.

^ Seeds rugose

transversely streaked;
petals white, marked
with a nectariferous
cell in their yellow
claws. Batrachiunu

Stem creeping,
leaves nearly reni-
form, generally 3 — 5
lobed, lobes broad,
entire, very obtuse ;
petals oblong, scarce-
ly longer than the ca-
lyx; stamens 5- — 12^
seeds glabrous.

Europe, was found by Bosc grow-
Charleston. If not extinct it has-

2. Pantothrix.
R. caule natante ;
foliis omnibus capilla-

Stem swimming;
leaves all capillary,

POLYANDRIA POLYGYJTIA.

^7

ceo multifidis; petalis
obovatis calyce ma-
joribus^ seminibus
glabris. DeCandolIe
X. p. 235.

many cleft; petals ob-
ovate, larger than the
calyx; seeds glabrous.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1333. Pursh, 2. p. 395.

Root perennial. Stem flexible, floating, branching. Leaves alternate,
very finely dissected. Flowers on axillary peduncles 1 — 2 inches long.

Grows in tranquil streams in the upper Districts of Carolina. Pursh.
It does not occur in the low country.

Flowers June — August.

*^ Florihus luteis; *^ Flowers yelloic;

foliis integris dentaiis' leaves enlrre or tooth'

ve, radice fibrosa. ed; root fibrous*

3. PusiLLus. Pursh.

R. glaber ; foliis
omnibus petiolatis,
denticulatis, inferior-
ibus sub cord ato-ova-
tis, superioribus line-
ari-lanceolatis, supre-
mis linearibus; pe-
dunculis oppositifoliis,
solitariis, unifloris;
petahs calycis longi-
tudine.

Glabrous ; leaves
all petiolate, denticu-
late, the lower ovate,
slightly cordate, the
upper lanceolate,

and linear ; peduncles
opposite the leaves,
solitary, one flowered;
petals as long as the
calyx.

Pursh, 2. p. 392. De CandoUe 1. p. 249.
R. flammula? Walt. p. 159.

"Root fibrous, perennial ? Stem herbaceous, generally decumbent, spa
ringly branched, 6 — 12 inches high. Leaves on petioles (the lower 2 — 3
inches long) very obtuse and sometimes slightly cordate at base. Flow-
ers very small at the summit of the small branches. Leaves of the calyx
ovate, obtuse, deciduous. Petals scarcely larger than the calyx, about 1-
line long, nearly round, yellow, the pore near the base of the petal not on
the claw. Stamens J — 8, shorter than the calyx. Germs numerous3,aj,'-
VOL. II. H

58

POLYANDRIA POLYGTNIA.

gregated in a heraisphericai head. Styles 0. Stigma sessile, obtuse.
Seeds ovare. corapressed, acute at the summit, sHghtly rugose.

Grows in wet soils, very common

Flowers February — April.

4. Oblongifolius. E.

R. foliis petiolatis,
denticuiatis, inferiori-
bus oblongo-ovalibus,
siipeiioribus liiieari
lanceolatis; caulibus
raiiiosis ; petalis ca-
lyce paulolongioiibus;
seminibus globosis,
muticis, laevibiis. E.

Leaves petiolate,
denticulate, the lower
oblong-ovalj the up-
per linear lanceolate;
stems branching; pe-
tals a little longer than
the calyx; seeds glo-
bose, not pointed,
smooth.

Root fibrous. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, generally erect or declining, gla-
brous, smooth, branching and from the smallness of the upper haves up-
pearina naked tov/ards the summit. Leaves oblong, irregularly denticu-
lated, glabrous, the lower on petioles 1 — 3 inches long. FeduiKies 10 —
15 lines long. Calyx dX first closely appressed. Petals rather longer
thae the calyx. Seeds smooth without a vestige of the style, globose,
with a slight longitudinal cicatrice.

This species which I propose with hesitation, differs from the preceding
much in sise, and appears to differ in the corolla and seed. It requires
however, to be further examined.

Grows in ditches and wet places. Collected 12 miles from Savannah
on the Augusta road. St. John's Berkley. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers May — July.

^%% Plorihus luteis;
foliis incisis muUifi-'
disve; radice Jihrosa;
'pericarpiis Icevibus*

5. Abortivus.

R. foliis glabris, ra-
dicalibus petiolatis,cor
dato-orbiculatis, cre-
natis, nonnuUis tripar-
titis trisectisve, cauli-

#^* Ploicers yel-^
low; leaves notched or
many cleft; root fl"
hrous; seeds smooth.

Leaves glabrous,
those of the root on
petioles, cordate, or-
bicular, crenate, some-
times 3 parted of

POLYANDRIA POLTGYNIA.

69

nis in lobos oblongo-
lineares 3-5 partilis;
calyce glabro petalis

subiongiore.

Sp. PI. 2. p. 1314.
p. 268.

notched, stem leaves
divided into 3-5 long,
linear lobes: calvx
glabrousjiatherlonger
than the petals.

Walt. p. 159. Puish 2. p. 392. De Candolle

Root fibrous, perennial. Radical leaves cordate or reniform, on pe-
tioles 1 — 3 inches long. Flowers small. Petals yellow, about as long as
the calyx, with a large scale at their base. Seeds smooth, collected in an
oval capitulurn.

Grows in wet grounds.
Flowers

Not common in the low country of Carolina.

6. ScELERATUS.

R. foiiis glabris,
radicalibus petiolatis,
tripartitis, lobis trilo-
batis, obtuse subinci-
sis, summis tripartitis^
lobis oblongo lineari-
bus integris, floralibiis
obiongis ; calyce gla-
bro ; carpellis mini-
mis inspicam obiong-
am dispositis. De
Cand.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1315. Pursh, 2. p.
R. nitidus. Walt. p. 159.

Leaves glabrous ;
those from the root
on petioles^ 3 parted,
the segments obtuse-
ly 3-lobed, and notch-
ed, upper leaves 3-
parted, with the seg-
ments oblong, linear,
entire, floral leaves
oblong ; calyx gla-
brous ; seeds small,
forming an oblong
spike.

393. De Candolle 1. p. 268.

Root perennial ? fibrous. Stem about a foot and a half high, fistulous
slightly angled, glabrous, branching and dichotomous. Lower petioles 4
— 5 inches long; embracing the stem with their dilated base, FloiPers
solitary, opposite the leaf, or in the division of the stem. Peduncles 5 —
10 lines long. Calyx sprinkled with Imir, yellowish, finally reflected.
Corolla small, shining, pale yellow, a little longer than the calyx, with a
reund pore at the base of the petals. Filaments 12 — 16, shorter than

60

POLYANDRIA rOLYSYNlA.

the corolla. Germs many, forming at first an ovate head, extending aftei:-
wards into a cylindrical spike. Seeds a little roughened.

Grows in wet grounds common around Charleston.

Flowers April — June.

7. Repens.

R. foliis pinnatim
trisectis, segmentis cii-
neatis,trilobatis,inciso
dentatis ; caule sub-
erecta flagellis repen-
tibus ; calyce adpres-
so; seminibus acumine
recto. De Cand.

Leaves pinnately 3
parted, segments cun-^
eate, 3 lobed, notched
and toothed; stem
nearly erect, creeping;
calyx appressed;seeds
with a straight point.

Sd. pi. 2. p. 1325. Pursh 2. p. 394. De CandoUe 1. p. 285.

This species is said by De Candolle, to vary very much in Europe,
which is probably its native country. It is found with stems all pros-
trate and creeping, or with the central stem erect, or with all erect and
without runners ; with the surface of the leaves, when growing in dry soils,
villous or pubescent, when in water very glabrous and lucid, and frequent-
ly spotted ; with the segments of the leaves trifid or three parted and the
segments frequently many cleft ; with the flowers single or double, &c.

I have inserted this plant while I entertain much doubt whether it be-
longs to the Southern States. I formerly found along the banks of the
Edisto, plants which I referred to this species, but they were glabrous, and
Pursh describes the Americctn R. repens as hirsute.

Grows in shady wet v/oods, particularly in the mountains- Pursh.

Flowers July — August. Pursh. In Spring and Summer. De
Candolle.

8. NiTiDus. Mubl. Cat.

• R. foliis tripartitis,in-
a3qualiter trifidis, lan-
ceolatis, subiiv?isis
dentatisque, glabris;
calyce reflexo; petalis
ovahbus, calyce duplo
longioribus; seminibus
acumine subrcQurvo.

Leaves 3 parted,
segments unequally
3 cleft y lance olate^
notched, toothed, gla-
brous; calyx reflect-
ed; petals oval, twice
as long as the calyx ;
seed with a ciu'ved
point.

I^OLYANDRIA POLYGYRIA.

61

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem procumbent and erect, about two feet
iiigh, furrowed, and a little hairy. Leaven with the lateral segments uii-
equal at tlie buse, the middle one sometimes on a long petiole, all shininf^
glabrous, with a few hairs along the under surface of the veins, petioles
of the root leaves sometimes 1 foot long Flowers on peduncles 2 — 6
inches long. Calyx a little hairy. Petals 7 — 8, bright yellow, glossy,
veiny, widi a square scale at base. Filaments GO — 80 very short. Genas
20 or more, collected in a globose he.ad. Seeds compressed, with a very
distinct border, and the point recurved.

This plant, the R. nitidus of Muhlenberg's Catalogue, but not of
Walter, is nearly allied to the R. rt^pcns, but differs from it by the want of
runners, by its reflected calyx, by its petals that are simply obtuse, nevw
obcordate nor even emarginate, by tlie recurved summit of its seed, and
by its leaves, which if we judge by the figure of the R. repens in Smith's
English Botany, are larger, with the segments more distinctly separated,
more regularly lanceolate and more acutely serrate.

Grows in wet grounds. Very common in the river swamps of Georo'ia,

Flowers IMarch and April.

9. Palm AT us ? E.

R. pilosus, pilis acl-

Eressis ; foliis omni-
us petiolatis^radicali-
bus palmato triparli-
tis^ lobis dentatis; su-
perioribiis trifidis in-
tegrisve ; semiiiibus
marginatis acumine
recto. E.

Hairy, with the
hairs appressed; leaves
all on footstalks, those
of tiie root pahnately
3 parted, with the lo-
bes toothed, the upper
3"Cleft or entire; seeds
margined, with the
point straight.

Root fibrous. Stem 12 to 18 inches high, branching, hairy, and witli
the hair as in every part of the plant, closelj' appressed. Leaves obtuse
at base, 3 parted with the lobes expanding and dentate, the upper leaves
with 2 lateral teeth, when small, entire. Petioles of the root leaves 4 — .>
inches long. Flowers opposite the leaves, on long slender peduncles. —
The calyx and corolla I have not seen. Seed compressed, smooth, and
like the seed of many of our species, with an incrassated inargin.

Grows in St. John's Berkley.

Flowers April — May.

10. Carolinianus.

R. caule erecto sub-
ramoso, petiolisque

Stem erect, branch-
ing and with the petio ^

62

P0LYA^lDRIA POLYGYNIA.

adpressc piibescenti-
bus; foliis glabriuscu-
lis, trisectis trilobisve,
lobis ovatisjSubincisis,
dentatis; calyce gla-
briiisculo, reflexo, pe-
talispaulo breviore. —
De Caiid.

De Candolle 1. p. 292.
Radical leaves trisected or three lobed, segment and lobes ovate, obtuse,
and obtusely toothed. De Cand.

This plant appears to resemble the preceeding species, but in the R.
palmatus, the leaves as far as I have seen them, are never divided to the
base, and are very hairy.

Grows in the low country of Carolina. Bosc.

Flowers

les hairy with the hair
appressed; leaves gla-
brouSjS-cleft or 3-iob-
ed, lobes ovate^ acute-
ly toothed; calyx gla-
brous, retlected^ a iiiiie
shorter than the pe-
tals.

11. HiSPIDUS.

R. caule erecto, ra-
moso petiohsque pa-
tentim pilosissimis; fo-
liis trisectis tri-parti-
tisve, segmentis ova
libus, aciitis, inciso-
dentatis; pedicellis ad
presse pubescentibusj
calyce adpresso.

Stem erect, branch-
ing, and with the pe-
tioles densely cloathed
with expanding hair;
leaves 3-cleft or 3-
parted, segments oval,
acute, sharply toothed;
peduncles with the hair
appressed; calyx ap-
pressed.

Mich. 1. p. 32.1. Pursh 2. p. 395. De Candolle 1. p. 289.

Root fibrous, perennial. Root leaves 3 parted, with the segments ge-
nerally separated, the middle one on a petiole sometimes nearly an inch
long, segments deeply 3-lobed, with the lobes acutely toothed, all very
hairy, petioles sometimes 6 — 8 inches long, very hispid, with the hair ex-
panding. Stem 12 — 18 inches high sparingly branched. Flowers on
long peduncles, less hairy than the petioles, and with the hair generally
appressed. Petals obovate, much longer than the calyx or stamens. Seed
smooth, compressed, with a short straight point.

Grows in very rich shaded soil?,

Flowers from April— July.

POLYANDRIA POLYOYNIA.

6$

12. Recurvatus.

Ro caule erecto pe-
tiolisque patentim pi-
losissimis; foliis tri-
pai litis adpresse viilo-
sis, partitionibus ova-
lib us siibi aeiso-den-
tatis; calyce reflexo;

carpeliis slyio uncina-
to.

Pursxh 2. p. 394.

Stem erect and with
the petioles cloathed
with expanding hair;
leaves 3 parted, vil-
lous, with the hair ap-
^ pressed, segments o-
val, sharply toothed;
calyx reflected; seed
with a hooked point,

De Candolle 1. p. 290.

Root perennial, fibrous, somewhat tuberous at the crown. Stem 12

18 inches high. Leaves 3 parted, but not to the base, the segments ovate
and acutely serrate. Flotvers small, on long peduncles. Seeds collected
in a fiflobose head.

Grows in shaded woods. Pursh.
Flow^ers June to August. Pursh,.

In Carolina. Bosc.

13. Pennsylvanicus.

R. caule erecto, pe-
tiolisque rigide paten-
timqiie pilosis; foliis
trisectis adpressius vil-
losis, segmentis sub-
petiolatis., acute trilo-
bis, inciso serratis; ca
lyce reflexo; carpeliis
stylo recto. DeCand.

Stem erect, and with
the petioles hairy with
rigid expanding hair;
leaves 3-cIeft, villous,
with the hair appress-
ed ; segments some.

what petiolate, acutely
3-lobed, sharply ser-
rate; calyx reflected;
seed with a straight
point.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1323. Pursh 2. p. 392. De Candolle 1. p. 290.

Stem erect, 1 — 2 feet high, branching, hair of the stem and petioles ri-
gid and expanding, of the peduncles and leaves appressed. Flowers small
yellow. Petals elliptic, as long as the calyx, ^eeds compressed, smootb,
collected in an ovate head. De Cand.

64

POLTANDRIA POLYGYNIA

The Ranunculi of the U. States still require further examination. I haViC
specimens from Milleclgeville, in Georgia, which I can refer to no otlier
described species, yet they differ from the above description, by having
the corolla twice as long as the calyx, and the seed slightly hooked at tlw?
summit.

Grows in the ujjper districts of
Flowers in the Summer.

[Carolina and Georgia.

14. TOMENTOSUS.

R. caiile patentim
villossissimo ascen-
dente 1-2 floro; foliis
petiolatis tomentosis,
trisectis, summo ses-
sili, ovato, integro ;
calyce villosissimo
subreflexo. De Cand.

Pursh, 2. p. 394. De Candolle 1.

Stem ascending,
very villous with the
hair expanding, 1 — 2
flowered ; leaves on
petiolesjtomentose, 3-
cleft, the upper ones
sessile, ovate, entire;
calyx very villous,
somewhat reflected.

p. 0^4. -Ue i^anaoue i. p. 292.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem short, ascending at the summit, loaded
with soft expanding hair. Leaves three parted, segments 3 lobed, lobes
ovate, toothed, with the hair appressed. Petals obovate a little longer
than the calyx. De Candolle.

Grows in the upper Districts of Carolma. Bosc.

Flowers.

#'^-^* Florihus lu-
teis; foliis incisis raid
tijjdi.we; raclice fi-
brosa; pericarpiis tu-
ierculosisy echinatisve.

15. MURICATUS.

R. foliis glabris,
petiolatis, suborbicu-
latis, trilobis, grosse
dentatis; caule erec-
tiuscuio aut diffuso;

^^** Flowers yel-'

low; leaves notched

or many cleft; root

fibrous; seed tuber*

cled or prickly.

Leaves glabrous,
on petioles, nearly
round, 3-lobed,

coarsely toothed; stem
erect or diffiise; pe-

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

65

pediinciilis oppositifo-
liis ; cahv ce patente ;
carpillis utrinque tii-
berculoso-aciileatisjiii-
cornii acuminatum
rectum desineiitibus.
De Cand.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 1329. Mich. 1. p.
doUe 1. p. 298.

dnncles opposite the
leajves; calyx expan-
ding ; seed roughen-
ed on both sides with
tubercles, terminating
in a straight acumin^
ate point.

321. Pursb, 2. p. 395. De Can-

Root annual. Stem procumbent, branching, 12 — 18 inches high, suc-
culent, sprinkled Avith a lew white hairs, which, as usual, are more nume-
rous near the summits. Lower leaves simple, slightly cordate and nearly
round, shining and bright green, SJobed, the lobes deeply toothed, gla-
brous underneath, sprinicled on th.e upjjer surface with a hispid pubes-
cence, upper leaves trifoliate and simple, leaflets, sometimes cuneate and
dentate, the simple leaves lanceolate. Corolla on peduncles about an
inch long. Leaves of the calyx lanceolate, reflected. Petals obovate,
bright yellow, with a scale at base, longer than the calyx. Stamens nu-
merous, about l6, shorter th.an the corolla. Gennt; numerous, compres-
sed. St^i/les 0. Stigmas snmple. Seed surrounded b}' a strong ihick
margin, the centre translucid and thickly mm-icated with translucid obtuse
prickles, point broad, straight or very slightly recurved.

Grows in cultivated land and along the road side. Common near
Charleston. Probably an exotic.

Flowers March — JMay.

16. Trachysperma. E.

R. caule petiolis
foliisque patentim vil-
losis ; fohis trisectis,
lobis acute incisis ;
peduncuUs brevibus
oppositifoliis ; semin-
ibus tuberculosis, acu-
mine uncinato.

Stem, petioles and
leaves villous with the
hair expanding ;

leaves 3-cleft with the
lobes acutely notched;
peduncles short, oppo-
site the leaves; seed
tubercled with the
point hooked.

Stem erect, 12 — 15 inches high, branching, thinly clothed with soft ex-
panding hair. Leaves small, generally divided to the base, the segments
acutely notched and toothed, rather more hairy than the stem. Petioles
2 — 3 inches long. Seeds cotnpressed, conspicuously muricated on betl*

VOL. Hi i. I

66

POLYANDRrA POLTGYNIA.

surfaces, with the point short and hooked, smaller and less distinctly thick-
ened along the margins, than those of the R. muricatus. The calt/x and
corolla I liave not seen.

Collected in St. John's Berkley,, by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers April and May.

CALTHA. Gek. Pl. 959.

Calyx 0. Petals
5 — 9. Capsules nu-
merous, compressed,
1-celled, many seed-
ed.

Calyx 0. Petala
5 — 9. Capsular plu-
rimaB, compressae, 1-
loculares, polysper-
mse.

1. FiCARIOIDES.

C. caule erecto un-
ifloro, unifolio; foliis
radicalibus cordato-o-
vatis, obtusissimis,
paucidentatis, multi-
nervibus ; petalis el-
lipticis.

Pursh, 1. p. 389. De Candolle.
Ranunculus ficaria. Walt 159.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous. Flowers: yellow.

This plant with wliich I am unacquainted, I have inserted from Pursljv

Cirows in Cedar swamps. Pursh.

Flowers June" — July*

Stem erect, 1 -flow-
ered, and with 1-leaf ^
root leaves cordate-o-
vate, very obtuse, spa-
ringly toothed, many
nerved; petals elliptic.

BRASENIA.

Calyx 6-phyllus
persistens. Corolla 0.
Cajysuloi 6 — 12 ob-
longae, dispermae.

1. Peltata.

Gen. Pl. 938.

Calyx 6-leaved^
persistent. CorollaO*
Capsules 6 — 12 ob-*
long, 2-seeded»

Pursh 2. p. 389. Nut. 2. p. 24.

Hydropeltis purpurea. Mich. 1, p. 324. T. 2!).^

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

6Tf

Root perennial. Stem 1 — 10 feet long. Leaves alternate, somewhat
crowded near tlie summit of the stem, elliptic, peltate, entire, floating on
the surface of the water, glabrous and shining on the upper surface, the
under surface purple, and together with the petioles stem and peduncle
completely enveloped in a tenacious gelcitinous fluid. Petioles 3 — G
inches long. Floioers solitary, axillary. Peduncles 3 — 6 inches, and
with the whole plant except the upper surface of the leaves, purple.
Leaves of the cali/x oval, nearly equal, the three interior membranaceous.
Stamens 20 — 30, a little shorter than the calyx. Germs 8 — 12, slightly
compressed, pubescent. Styles oblique. Stigma decurrent. Capsules
a little ventricose, acute at each end, pubescent, 1-eeHed. Seeds 1 — 2 m
■each capsule, attached by the point to the dorsal suture.

For a very excellent description of the structure of the leaves of this
plant, consult Nutall's Genera of North American Plants, a work aboimdr
ing in acurate information respecting the plants of this country.

Grows very common in stagnant water

Flowers May— August.

CYAMUS, Salist,

Cah/a: 4 — 5 pliyl-
Jus. Petala plurima.
Friictus tiirbinatus,
indisco truncato foveis
plurimis monospermis
«xcavatus. Nuces o-
vatee, stylo persistente
coronatae.

1. LUTEUS.

C. foliis peltatisjor-
biculatis, integerrimis;
corolla polypetala; aii-
theiis super ne lineari-
biis.

Calyx 4 — 5 leaved.
Petals numerous. —
Fruit turbinate, hol-
lowed on its truncate
disk into many one-
seeded cells. Nut o,
vate, crowned with the
persistent style*

Leaves peltate, or-
bicular, entire ; corol-
la many petalled ; an-
ther hnear near the
summit.

Cyamus flavicomus. Pursh 2. p. 398.

Nymphea Nelumbo. Walt. p. 155.

Nelumbium Luteum Sp. pi. 2. p. 1259- Mich. 1. p. 317.

Root perennial, heaves larger than those of any other species of our
aquatic plants, peltate, orbicular, entire, generally floating, but sometimes
rising above the surface of the water. Petioles and Peduncles slightly

65

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

muricate. Floicers large. Petals of a pale yellow colour. Tericarp
woody, 3 — 4 inches in diameter, with a truncated disk, perforated with
15 or 20 cells, each containing an oval nut, about the size of an acorn.

This plant seems capable of growing in deeper water than either the
Nymphasa or the Nuphar. Its leaves appear late in the spring, and its
flowers do not expand until mid-summer. The upper surface of the leaves
possess in a greater degree, than the leaves of anj other plant with which
i am acquainted, the power of repelling water.

2. Pentapetalus.

C. foliis peltatis or-
biciilatis integerrimis;
calyce pentaphyllo;
corolla pentapetala. —
Walt.

Leaves peltate, or-
bicular, entire, calyx
5-leavecl ; <»rolla 5-
petalled.

Cyamus pentapetalus Pursh 2. p. 389.
Nelumbium pentapetalum. Sp. pi. 2. p. 1259-
Nymphaea pentapetala. AValt. p. 155.

This species and the succeeding, still rest on the authority of Walter.
No botanist, has recently seen them. They should probably be sought
for in the lagoons, along the Santee-river.

3. Reniformis.

C. foliis reniformi- [ Leaves reniform";
bus, corolla polypeta- corolla polypetalous,
la. Walt. I

Cyamus reniformis. Pursh. 2 p. 398.
Nelumbium reniforme Sp. pi. 2. p. 1260,
Nymphgea reniformis. Walt. p. 155

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

69

CLASS XIV.

— ^(Q!0—

DIDYNAMIA.

GTMjYOSPERMIA.

376 VERBENA.

377 ZAPANIA.

358 TEUCRIUM.

r>78 LANTANA.

359 HYSSOPUS.

379 HERPESTIS.

360 NEPETA.

380 SCHOPHULARIA

361 MENTHA.

381 BIGNONIA.

362 LAMIUM.

3d2 RUELLIA.

363 STACHYS,

383 BUCHNERA:

364 MARRUBIUM.

384 ANTIRRHINUM.

365 LEONURUS.

385 GERARDIA.

366 HYPTIS.

386 SEYiVIERIA.

367 PYCN VNTHEMUM.

387 PEDICULARIS-.

368 DRACOCEPHALUM

388 MIMULLS.

369 M\CBRIDEA.

389 CHELONE.

370 PRUNELLA.

390 PENTSTEMON.

37> SCUTELLARIA.

391 MARTYNI\.

^7'?. CALAMINTHA.

392 SCHWALBEA.

Z73 CERANTHERA.

393 EUCHROMA.

374 TRICHOSTEMA;

394 MELAMPYRUM.

395 OBOLARIA.

AJVGIQSPERMIA.

396 OROBANCHE.

Sr5 PHRYMA.

»

'^9§9^

TEUCRIUM. Gen. Pl.

Corollce labium su-
periiis infra basin fis-
sum, divaricatum.
Stamina extantia.
Smith.

1. Canadense.

T. foliis ovato lan-
ceolatis, petiolatis, a-
ciite serratis pubes-
centibu3,subtuscanes-

Upper lip of
corolla divided
yond the base.
ments divaricate.
mens projecting.

the
be.

Seg.
Sta-

Leaves ovate lance-
olate, on petioles, a-
cutely serrate, pubes-
cent, underneath hoa-

70

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

centibus ; racemis sub-
verticillatis, terminali-
bu&; bracteis calyce
du^o longioribus.

161.

ry, racemes somewhat
verticillate, terminal ;
bracteas twice as long
as the calyx.

Mich. 2. p. 1. Pursh, 2. p. 405,

Sp. pi. 3. p. 22. Wait. p.
Smith in Rees' Cyclop.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, 2 — 3 feet high, square witlj
the angles rounded, furrowed, somewhat jointed, pubescent. Leaves op-
posite, brachiate, somewhat rugose, hoary and almost tomentose under-
neath, on very short petioles. Racemes terminal. Flowers generally
verticillate, 4 — 6 in each whorl, the upper flowers irregular; bracteas su-
tulate at the base of each peduncle, about as long the calyx. Peduncles
short. Calyx pubescent, ribbed, erect, 5-cleft, the three upper segments
broad, the two lower narrower, all acute. Corolla pubescent, pale blue
or violet coloured, the tube as long as the calyx, the upper lip divided in-»
to two distant acute segments, the fissure extending into the tube, the low-
er lip elongated, 3-cleft, the middle lobe extended and rounded. Fila->
ments 4, prominent between the division of the upper lip. Style as long
as the stamens. Stigmas 2, acute- Seeds 4, covered by the persistent
calyx.

The two American species of this plant, are still insufficiently discrim-
inated. It will be perceived by tlie foregoing description, that our south-
ern plant agrees in its bracteas and perhaps its petioles with the next spe^,
cies, while its leaves belong to the T. canadense.

Grows in wet soils, very common.

Flowers July — September.

2. ViRGINICUM.

T. pubescens; foliis
ovato-oblongis serra-
tis, superioribus sub-
sessihbus, caule erec-
to; racemis ^erticilla-
tis, confertis; bracteis
longitudine calycis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 22. Walt. 1. p. 61

Pubescent ; leaves
ovate, oblong, serrate,
the upper ones nearly
sessile; stem erect;
racemes verticillate,
crowded; bracteas as
long as the calyx.

Pursh 2.

This doubtful or obscure species is said to grow in bogs. Pursh. I
have however a specimen sent me from Pennsylvania by Mr. Nuttall as
the T. virginicum, in which the leaves are more ovate, on longer footstalks
and evidently less discoloured than in our common species. I can in this
specimen discover no other difference.

Grows in wet ground from Pennsylvania to Carolina.

Flowers probably like the other species from July to September.

DIDTNAMIA GYMNOSPERMlA^

HYSSOPUS. Gen. Pl. 963.

71

Corollce labium in-
ferius tripartitum^ la-
cinula intermedia cre-
nata. Stamina recta,
distantia.

Lower lip of the
corolla 3-parted, with
the intermediate seg-
ment crenate. Sta-
mens straight, distant*

2. SCROPHULARIFOLIUS. Wild.

H. spicis verticilla-
tis, cylindrieis; stylis
corolla longioribus;
foliis cordatis, ovatis,
acuminatis, obtuse
dentatis.

Spikes verticillate,
cylindrical; style long-
er than the corolla ;
leaves cordate, o-
vate, acuminate, ob-
tusely toothed.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 48. Pursh 2. p. 406.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous 2 — 3 feet h%h, square, glabrous^
excepting near the summit, where it is a little'pubescent. Leaves oppo-
site, ovate-lanceolate, slightly acuminate, sprinkled with a few hairs, on
pubescent petioles, from half an inch to an inch long. Flowers crowded
in whorls, forming a long cylindrical spike. Bracteas ovate, acuminate,
with the calyx nearly glabrous. The corolla of an obscure red. Sta-
mens long and distant. Styles longer than the corolla.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia. Found on the Sa-
(uda mountains by Dr. Macbride,

Flowefs July to September.

NEPETA. Gen. Pl. 964.

Calyx aridus, stria-
tus. Corollce labium
inferius crenatum.
Faux margine reflexo.
Stamina approxima-
ta.

1. Cataria.

N. floribus spicatis,
Verticillis subpediceU

Calyx dry, streak-
ed. Lower hp of the
corolla crenate. Mar-
gin of the throat re-
flected. Stamens near
together.

Flowers in spikes,
whorls on short foot^

72

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA*

latis; foliis petiolatis,
cordatis, dentato-ser-
ratis.

stalks; leaves on peti-
oles, cordate, coarsely
serrated.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 49. Mich. 2. p. 2. Pursb, 2. p. 406.

Root perennial. Stem 2-3 feet high, 4-anded, pubescent Leaves
cordate,acute,like the whole plant pubescent, and on the ^^'^\';^^^''^^^^^
what hoary. Petioles nearly an mch long, dimniishnig ni leng h towards
die ummit of the stem. Cal>jx tubular, ribbed, 5-toothed, teeth unequal,
the uppS one the longest. Corolla small, nearly white the upper hp
stiaidit slightly emarginated, the lower 3-lobed, the lo.teral lobes small, re-
flected, the intermediate dilated, crenated, and sprinkled with crimson or
Durole dots. Stamens shorter than the corolla. ^ , ., ,-

An exotic plant, naturalised in our country. Found around buildings
and in dry soils. Not common in the low country of Carolina.

Flowers June— August.

MENTHA. Gen. Pl. 967.

Corolla siibaequa-
lis, quadrifida, lacinia
latiore emargiiiata.
Stamina erecta, dis-
tantia.

1. Tenuis.

M. glabra; foliis o
vato4anceolatis,serru-
latis, petiolatis; spica
gracili^terminali, ver-
ticillis minimis inter-
rupta ; staminibus in-
clusis.

Corolla nearly e-
qual, 4-cleft, with the
broadest segment em-
arginate* Stamens
erect, distant.

Glabrous ; leaves
ovate lanceolate, ser*
rulate, on petioles ;
spike slender,terminal,
with verticills very
small, distant at base ;
stamens shorter than
the corolla.

Mich. 2. p.

Pursh 2. p. 405. M. Viridis. Walt ?

Root perennial. Stem procumbent, and assurgent, 1—2 feet long, 4-
an'rled, glabrous, branching, throwing out roots at the joints, and with the
whole of the plant punctured with glandular dots. Leaves opposite, ge-
nefaUy acute, delicate, on petioks, about 3— 4 lines long. lloivQrs

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

73

\uunerous in each whoil. Whorls rather distant at the base of the spike,
crowded near the summit. Culyx tubular, glabrous, ciliate, erect with 5-
I'qual and very acute teeth. Corolla funnel Ibrmed, bluish, the tube a lit-
tle longer than the calyx, the border almost equally 4-clefi, the segments
obtuse and a little expanding, the upper one emarginate. Stamens very
>!hort, included in the tube of the corolla, equally distant,not approximated
by J airs. Anthers y,'\ule. iSYyZe longer than the corolla. Stigmas two,
acute, revolute. Seeds 4-oval, protecteil as in all of this order, by a per-
sistent calyx.

Grows in wet ground, rare, found around a spring, near the Club-house,
iabout 3 miles froin Beaufort,
• Flowers August — September.

Several European species of Mentha are becoming naturalized in our
country, this is the only species I have seen which appears indigenous

LAMIUM. Gen. Pl.

Corolhe Jabium sii-
peiiiis integrum, for-
nicatiimj labium infe-
rius bilobum ; faux u-
trinque margine den-
tata.

1. Amplexicaule.

L. foliis Horalibus
sessilibus, ranplexi-
caulibus, obtusis.

Upper lip of the co-
roUa entire, vaulted,
lower lip 2-lobed ;
throat with the mar-
gin toothed at each
side.

Floral leaves ses-
sile, embracing the
stem, obtuse.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 90. Walter 1. p. 6l. Pursh 2. p. 206.

A small annual plant, the stems branching at base, about a foot high,
square and pubescent. Leaves opposite, nearly round, notched, rugose,
pubescent, the upper ones sessile, the lower on petioles from lialf an inch
to an inch long. Thefloicers m axillary whorls, in the bosom of the up-
per leaves. Calyx tubular, hairy, witli the border live cleft. Corolla
bilabiate, the tube twice as long as the calyx, bright purple, the throat and
lower lip marked with paler spots. Stamens included in the upper lip
of the corolla. Style about as long as the stamens. Stigmas two, acute.
A plant probably imported ; now every where in cultiyated land?.

Flowers February — Ami!.

T<IL. II.-

K

74

DIDYNAMIA GYx^INOSPERMIA.

STACHYS. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 5-fidiis,aris-
tatiis. Corollce la-
bium siiperiiis forni-
catum ; labium infe-
rius lateribus reflex-
iim; lacinia interriiedia
iiajore emarginata.
6'iamina deflorata ver-
sus latera reflexa.

Calyx 5-cleft, awii-
cd. tipper lip of the
corolla vaulted, lower
lip with the sides re-
flected, and the inter-
mediate segment large^
emarginate. Stamens
when fading, reflected
towards the sides*

Somewhat glabrous,
slender, erect; leaves
sessile, linear lanceo-
late and linear, rarely
toothed; whorls gene-
rally 4-flowered.

1. Hyssopifolia.

S. glabriuscuia, gra-
cilis, erecta; foliis ses-
sihbus lineari lanceo-
latis linearibusque, ra-
riter subdentatis, ver-
ticiUis subquadrifloris.

Mich. 2. p. 4. Pursh 2. p. 407-
S. palustris. Walt ?

Stem erect. sm6oth, 12 — 15 inches high, jjenerally simple. Leaven
sessile,very finely serrulate, about an inch long.giabrouSjfrequently linear;at
the base of the leaves are found a few bristles performing probably the func-
tion of stipules. Flowers sessile. Cah/x glabrous, the teeth very acute,
almost spinous. Corolla much longer than the calyx, a little hairy on the
inside. Stamens nearly as long as the corolla. Anthers two lobed, incum-
bent. Stigmas two, acute.

Grov.'s like all the other species of this Genus, in wet pine-barrens/
most common in the midille country of Carolina and Georgia.-

Flowers June — August;

2. HlSPIDA.

S. caiile foliisque
hispidis: foliis petiola-
tis, ovato-oblongis, a-
cutis, obtuse scrratis^j

Stem and leaves
hispid; leaves on pe-
tioles, ovate-oblong,
acute, obtusely ser-

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

75

verticiilis siibquadri-
floris; calycibus

briusculis.

gla-

rate; whorls generally
44iowered ; calyx gla-
brous.

Pursh 2. p. 407.

S. arvensis Walter p. l62.

Stem about 2 feet high, square,hispid along the angles, the bristles gen-
erally retrorse. Leaves nearly sessile, very oblong, ovate, acute, serrulate
rather than obtusely serrate, somewhat hispid on both surfaces. Calyx
generally 4 in each whorl, the teeth prominent and very acute, their mar-
gins and the angles of the calyx pubescent. Corolla larger than in our
other species, rather longer than the stamens^ yellowish purple.

Cirows in the wet pine bai'rens of Carolina.

Flowers June — August.

3. ASPERA.

S. caulibiis erectis,
retrorsum liispiciis; fo-
liis linear! lanceolatis^
serratis, glabriuscuiis;
verticiilis subsexfloris,
calycibus divaricato-
spinesceiitibus.

Mich. 2. p. 5. Pursh 2. p. 407.

Stems erect, retro-
sely hispid ; leaves li-
near lanceolate, ser-
rate, nearly glabrous;
whorls generally 6-
flowered; teeth of the
calyx divaricate, spiny.

lam uncertain whether I am not referring to the S. Aspera of Mich-
aux a plant which may belong to another species. Stem 18 — 24 inches
high, square, the angles fringed with retrorse bristles. Leaveslong (2 — 3
inches) very narrow, sessile, acute,finely serrulate, the margins fringed and
tlie veins sprinkled with short acute bristles. Flotvers generally 6 in a
whorl. Teeth of the calyx very acute, somewhat divergent and with the
angles fringed with short bristles. Corolla much longer than the calyx,
purplish Stamens as long as the corolla.

Grows in the pine barrens of Carolina.

Flowers June — August.

4). Tenuifolia.

S. caule erecto,an- |
gulato, sublaevi; foliis
petiolatisjovali lanceo- I

Stem erect, angled,
nearly smooth; leaves
on petioles, ovai-lan-

76

BIDYNAMIA KYiAINOSPERMIA.

ceolatc, serrate, acu-
minate; whorls 6-flow-
ered; calyx very pu-
bescent.

latis, serratis, acumi-
natis; verticillis sex-
floris;calycibus pubes-
centissimis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 100.
S. Annua Walt. iGl.

Stem 18 to 24 inches, angled, nearly glabrous, sprinkled with a few
hairs, particularly at the summit and near the joints.

MARRUBIUM. Gen. Pl. 97G

Calyx hypocrateri-
formis, rigidus, 10-
striatus. Corolke la-
bium super ius bifi-
dum, lineare, rectum.

1. VULGARE.

M. foliis subrotun-
do-ovatis,dentatis, ru-
goso-venosis; calyci-
bus dentibus setaceis,
uncinatis.

Sp.pl. 3. 111. Pursh 2. 408.

A perennial plant, growing in dense tufts. iS^r-ws about a foot high,
branching at base, square, whh tlie whole plant tomcntose and hoary.
Leaves very rugose, attenuated at base into petioles about half an inch
long. Flotcers in axillary whorls, veiy numerous. Teeth of the calt/x
acute, and somewhat spinous. Corolla small, white, lower lip 3-lobed.
Stamens and sti/les shorter than the corolla.

This plant though originally a foreign one, is now naturalized. It
grows very common about buildings in dry soils. Flowers during the
greater part of the summer.

LEONURUS.

Calyx liypocrateri-
form, rigid, J 0-str cak-
ed. Upper lip of the
corolla 2-cleft, linear,
straight.

Leaves ovate, near-
ly round, toothed, ru-
gose ; teeth of the ca-
lyx setaceous, hooked.

Calyx 5-gonus, 5-
dentatus. Corollm la-
*|jium superius villo-

Calyx 5-angled, 5-
toothed. Upper lip
of the corolla villous,

DIDYNAMIA GTMNOSPERMIA,

77

sum, planum, inte-
grum ; inferius tripar-
titum, lacinia media
inclivisa.

1. Cardiaca.

L. foliis obovatis,
trilobis, dentatis, basi
cuneatis ; coioliis ca-
lyce pungente majoii-
bus, lacinia media la-
bii inferioris acuta.

Hat, entire; the lower
3rparted, with the
middle segment undi-
vided.

Leaves obovate, 3-
lobed, toothed, cune-?
ate at base ; corolla
longer than the sharp
toothed calyx, the
middle segment of the
lower lip acute.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 114. Pursh 2. p. 408,

Root biennial or perennial. Stem about 3 feet high, 4 ans-lerl, with the
angles pubescent. Leaves generall}^ 3 lobed, sometimes dentate, the up-
per ones entire, pubescent along the veins, cuneate at base, erect, suppor-
ted on petioles rather more than half an inch long. Floiners in axillary
whorls extending along the greater part of the stem. Calyx nearly gla-
brous with 5 very acute expanding teeth. Corolla small, ver}' villous on
the outer surface. Anthers sprinkled before they burst with white globu-
lar points. Stamens shorter than the corolla.

Grows in rich soils about buildings, a foreign plant becoming naturali-
sed.

Flowers May — August

HYPTIS.

Calyx 5-dentatus.
Corolla ringens, la-
bium superius bifidum,
inferius tripartitum,
lacinia media sacculi-
formi. Stamina tubi-
ventri inserta, decli-
iiata.,

Calyx 5-toothed.
Corolla ringent, the
upper lip 2-cleft, the
lower 3-parted, the
middle segment form-
ing a small sack. Sta-
mens inserted in the
middle of the tube, de-
clining.

78

DIDYNAMIA tJYMNOSPERMIA.

i. Radiata.

H. capiUiIis opposi-
tis; bracteis lanCeoia-
tis calyce longioribus,
foliis oblongo lanceo-
latis, dentatis, basi at-
tenuatis.

Heads of flowers
opposite; bracteas lan-
ceolate, longer than
the calyx ; leaves ob-
long lanceolate, den-
tate, tapering at base.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 84. Piivsh 2. p. 408.
Clinopodiura rugosum Walt. p. l64.

Root perennial somewhat creeping. Stem herbaceous, erect, 3 — 4 feet
iiifrh 4-ungled, pubescent, and somewhat scabrous near the summit.
Leaves opposite, sessile, pubescent, dotted underneath, sometimes 2 or 3
of the teeth very large, the base very long and tapering. Flotvers on ax-
illarv heads, on long peduncles, the lower peduncles sometimes as long as
the internodes, the upper ones much shorter. The invoJucrum many
leaved (about 12) persistent, the leaflets generally in two series, unequal,
the exterior ones larger, but all much longer than the calyx. Ca/?/:r some-
what tubular, very pubescent, villous at base, the border 5-toothed, the
teeth long, linear, equal. Corolla whhe, a little sprinkled with purple,
the lower lip 3-cleft, the lateral segments small and obtuse, the intermedi-
ate long, with a scale at base. Stamens shorter than the corolla. An-
Ihers incumbent, reflexed. Sti/le as long as the stamens. Stigma ob.-
tuse. Seed 4, oval.

.Grows in damp soils in pastures, very common.
Flowers July to September.

2. Capitata.

H. capitulis opposi-
tls; peduncalo interno-
tliis longitudine; brac-
teis lanceolatis, calyce
frugifero brevioribus ;
foliis oblongis, utrin-
que attenuatis^ina^qua-
liter serratis.

Heads of flowers op-
posite;peduncle as long
as the internodes;brac-
teas lanceolate, short-
ter than the calyx of
the frnit; leaves oblong,
tapering at each end^
unequally serrate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 84. Mich. 2. p. 9. Vimh 2. p. 408.

UIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

79

I doubt much whether this West Indian species notwithstanding the re-
ferences to Mich, and Pursh, belongs to our Flora. Mich, describes but
one species, and the preceding is diffused every where over our country.
Michaux besides was so cautious in proposing new species, that lie hesita-
ted to separate our plant from the original species of Jacquin, and Pursh's
information respecting our sonthern plants was not always accurate.

PYCNANTHEMUM. Mich.

Involucrimi mulli-
bracteatum, capitulis
subjectum. Calyx

tiibiilatus, striatus.
Corolke labium siipe-
rius subintegrum, in-
ferius trifidiim. jSta-
mina suba3qiialia5 dis-
tantia.

*^ Staminihus exser-
tis,

1. Incanum.

P. foliis oblongjo-o-
vatis, acLitis^ siibser-
ratis^ cano-tomento-
sis, petiolatis: capitii-
lis compositis, laterai-
ibus tenninaiibusque ;
bracteis setaceis.

Mich. 2. p. 7. Pursh 2. p. 409.
Clinopodium incanum, Sp. pi. 3

Capiiulum surroun-
ded by an involucrum
of many leaves. Ca-
lyx tubular^ striate.
Upper lip of the Co-
rolla nearly entire,
the lower 3-parted.
Stamens equal, dis-
tant.

'^' Stamens exserted*

Leaves oblong o-
vate, acute, somewhat
serrate, hoary, tomen.
tose, on petioles ;
heads compound, la-
teral and terminal;
bracteas setaceous.

Nutt. p. 33.
p. 132. Walt. p. 164.

Root perennial. Stan herbaceous, branching, 3 — 6 feet high, 4-angIed5
with the angles rounded, glabrous at base, very pubescent near the sum-
mit. Leaves opposite, acute at each extremity, pubescent, the pubescence
on the lower surface of the lower leaves, and on both sides of the upper,
double,the shorter in floccose spots,giving the leaves a discoloured appear-
ance. Floioers in heads, composed of compact cymes,, the lateral ones
«n short footstalks, bracteas linear or setaceous, longer than the calyx.

80

blDyNAMlA CyMNOSFERMIA.

Calyx tubular, tomentose, striate, with the border 5-toothed. Corolla yel-
lowish, spotted with purple, pubescent on the inner surface, the upjier lip
small and nearly round, the lower longer, 3-parted. Stamens scarcely
longer than the corolla. Anthers incumbent. Styles as long as the sta-
mens. Stigmas 2, iicnte. (Seerf 4, rugose.

GroAvs in dry fertile soils.

Flowers August — September.

angiisto

2. Aristatum.

P. foliis
lanceolatis, subsena-
tis, bievissime petio-
latis, siibcandicaiiti-
bus; capitulis termin-
alibiis ; bracteis aris-
tatis.

Leaves liarrow^lan-
ceolate, slightly ser-
rate, on very short
petioles, somewhat
hoary; heads termi-
nal; bracteas aAvned*

Mich. 2. p. 8. Pursh 2. p. 409. ?sutt. 2. p. 33.
Nepeta virginica. Sp. pi. 3. p. 56.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, square, much branched, and witli the whole plantj-
pubescent, heaves in my specimens very narrow, nearly entire, bracteas
subulate, and with the teeth of the calyx terminated by long awns. Co--
rolla small, white, smooth on the inner surface.

Grows on the inonntains of Carolina.

Flowers Julv — August.

3. MoNTANUM. Mich.

p. foliis oviili laii-
ceolatis, serratis, siib-
sessihbns; capitoio
sessili ; bracteis ciha-
tis, acnminatis ; caly-
cibus erectis, breviter
dentatis.

Mich. 2. p. 8. Pursh 2. p. 409- Nuttall 2. p. 33-

Stem purple, smooth, about 1 foot high. Whorls sometimes 1 or 2 be-
low the terminal one. Orifice of the rorolla pubescent. Stamens exser-
ted. Corolla purplish, spotted. Seed bearded at the summit. Nuttall-

Grows on the highest mountains of North and 3outh-CaioIina.

Flowers.

Leaves oval lance-
olate, serrate, nearly
sessile; head sessile;
bracteas fringed, acu-
minate, calyx erect
with short teeth.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMlA»

Bi

4. MONARDELLA.

P. pubescens ; foliis
abrupte petiolatis sub-
cordato-ovalibus ser-
ratis ; bracteis mag-
nis, coloratis, ciliatis ;
calycibus summitate
barbatis.

Pubescent ; leaves
abruptly petiolate, o-
val, slightly cordate,
serrate ; bracteas
large, coloured, fring-
ed ; calyx bearded at
the summit.

Mich. 2. p. 8. Pursh 2. p. 409. Nutt. 2. p. 33.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves on petioles nearly an inch long', very
obtuse, rather than cordate at base, slightly acuminate and strongly ser-
rate. Bracteas about twice as long as the calyx. Corolla small, pale
red.

In my specimens which were collected by Dr. Macbride on the Saluda
mountains, the stem and the leaves, except along the margins are nearly
glabrous, if they had exhibited whorls below the terminal one, according
to the habit of the genus, they would pretty accurately represent the Ori-
ganum Clinopodioides of Walt. p. l65.

Grows on the Saluda mountains.

Flowers July — August.

5« NtJjDUM. N^uttalh

P. glaberrimum ;
caule sub simplici ; fo-
liis oblongo-ovatis, in>
tegerrimis, sessilibus ;
capitulis pedicellatis,
paucifloris, nudis; sta-
minibus exsertis.

Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 34.

Very glabrous \
stem simple ; leaves
oblong-ovate, entire^
sessile ; heads pedicel-
late, few flowered, na-
ked ; stamens exser-^
ted.

Stem 2 feet high. Leaves very smooth, about an inch long, promi-
nently veined, heads numerous and small,subtended by bracteas about the
same length. Flowers distinct. Bracteas smooth, lanceolate, and with
the calyx awnless, both conspicuously covered with resinous punctures^
Orifice and exterior of the corolla pubescent. Lobes of the lower lip
nearly equal. Seeds smooth. Nutt.

throws in the raountaiiiS of Carolina and Georgia,
TOL» II, h

p.«>.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

6. ViRGINICUM.

P. pubescens ; fo-
liis sessilibiis, lineari-
lanceolatis, integris,
punctatis ; capitulis
terminalibus, corym-
bosis ; bracteis acii-
minatis.

Pubescent ; leaves
sessile, linear lanceo-
late, entire, clotted';
heads terminal.corym-
bose ; bracteas acu-
minate.

Nutt. 1. p. 33.

P. lanceolatum. Pursh 2. p. 410.

Thymus virginicus. Sp. pi. 3. p. 145.

Stem erect, and the branches generally erect. The heads terminal,
forming irregular clustered corymbs. The Bracteas and Calyx villous.
The Corolla externally pubescent, white and spotted, the middle segment
of the lower oblong, incurved at the point.

Grows in damp lands in the middle and upper country of Carolina.

Flowers July — August.

7. LiNIFOLIUM.

P. glabrum ; foliis
linearibus, integerri-
mis, nervosis, puncta-
tis, acutis ; capitulis
terminalibus, subco-
rymbosis ; bracteis
breviter aristatis; sta-
minibus vix corolla
longioribiis.

Pursh 2. p. 409. Nutt. 2. p. S3
Brachystemum virginicum. Mich
Thymus virghiicus. Sp. pi. 3. p

Glabrous ; leaves
linear, entire, nerved,
dotted, acute; heads
terminal, somewhat
corymbose ; bracteas
with short awns; sta-
mens scarcely longer
than the corolla.

. 2. p. 6.
143.

Stem erect and much branched, branches fastigrate. Leaves generally
clustered, terminal, capituli hemispherical and very compact. The
bracteas ovate, ciliate and with the calyx awned. Flowers hairy, inter-
nally spotted, the middle segment of the lower lip oblong and incurved at
the point. Stamens about as long as the corolla.

This and the pi ev-eding species which are very nearly allied, were both
included by Linnaeus under the T. virginicus. They differ much in ap-

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

83

itearance from the other species of this genus, I have followed Mr.
all generally in their arrangement and chaiacters.

Grows in damp soils in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers July — August.

Nutt-

*^ Staminihus in-
chisis.

8. MUTICUM.

P. foliislanceolatis,
leviter rariterque

cleiitatis, nervoso-cos-
tatis, glabellis; brac-
teis lanceolatisj aciitis.

** Stamens inclu-'
ded.

Leaves lanceolate
slightly toothed, rib-
becl, glabrous ; brac-
teas lanceolate, acute.

Pursh 2. p. 410.
Brachy sternum muticum.

Mich. 2. p. 6.

A plant 1 8 — 24 inches high. Leaves sessile, very sparingly toothed,
jjlabrous and with the whole plant dotted. Capituli somewhat loosely
flowered. Bracteas scarcely longer than the heads. Bracteas and teeth
of the calyx acute, but neither acuminate nor awned. Teeth of the ca-
lyx fringed. Corolla pubescent, whitish, small.

Grows in the upper districts of Georgia and Carolina. Dr. Baldwin
aiid Michaux.

Flowei's.

9. Verticillatum.

P. foliis ovato lan-
ceolatis, interdum
denticulatis, pubes-
centibus, verticillis
compactis ; bracteis
acuminatis.

Pursh 2. p. 410.
Brachystemum verticillatum.

Stem 1 8 — 24 inches, square, branching, when young very pubescent.
"Leaves sessile, very acute, many of them very distinctly though remotely
denticulate,pubescent and not as distinctly ribbed as the preceding species.
Bracteas acuminate and with the calyx almost villous, teeth of the calyx
short but slightly acuminate, the whole plant dotted j the calyx sprink-
led with resinous atoms, flowers small.

Grows in the mountains of Caxolina.

Jlowers July — August.

Leaves ovate, lan-
ceolate, sometimes
toothed, pubescent ;
whorls compact; brac-
teas pxuminate.

Mich. 2. p. 6.

84 DIATNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

DRACOCEPHALUM. Gen. Pl. 984.

Calyx 5-fidus, den-
tibiis subaeqiialibus.
Corollce faux inflata,
labium superius con-
cavum.

1. ViRGINIANUM.

D. spicis elongatis
confertifloris ; brac-
tejs parvulis,subulatis;
calycis dentibus bre-
vibus, subaequalibus ;
foliis lineari-lanceola-
tis, acute serratis.

Calyx 5-cleft with
teeth nearly equal.
Throat of the corolla
inflated, the upper lip
concave.

Spikes long with
the flowers crowded;
bracteas small, subu-
late ; teeth of the ca-^
lyx short, nearly e-
qual; leaves linear lan-
ceolate, acutely serra-
ted.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 149. Mich. 2. p. 10. Pursh 2. p. 411,

Root perennial and in all the species creeping. Stem glabrous, square,
2 — 3 feet high, pubescent near the summit. Leaves opposite, sessile, 2 — 3
inches long, narrow, very acutely serrate towards the summit, serratures al-
most acuminate. lSp^A;es terminal. F/oif>ers generally opposite. Brae
teas subulate, slightly acuminate, scarcely half as long as the calyx, and
with the calyx very pubescent. Corolla inflated at the throat, bright pur-
ple, handsome, two or three times as long as the calyx, longer than the
stamens.

Grows in mountain meadows. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July — September.

2. Variegatum. Venterat.

D. spicis brevibus
tetragonis ; bracteis
ovatis, acuminatis,
calycem sequantibus ;
calycis dentibus pau-
lo inaequalibus ; fohis
arete sessilibus, ob-

Spikes short,
square ; bracteas o-
vate, acuminate, as
long as the calyx; teeth
I of the calyx a little
unequal; leaves close-
ly sessile, oblong Ian-

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

85

loiigo lance olatis, su-
perne denticulatis.

ceolatc, toothed
the summit.

near

Pursli2. p. 411.
Prsisium incarnatum.

Walt. p. 165.

Sic7n about 3 feet high, square, glabrous, with the angles cartilaginous.
Leaves long, lanceolate, very acute, obtusely serrulate or denticulate par-
ticularly towards the summit, semiamplexicaule, but the lower ones much
attenuated above the base, all glabrous. Bracteas and Calyx pubescent.
Corolla ringent, bright purple, pubescent, 4 times as long as the ca-
lyx, inflated, the border 4 cleft, the upper segment large, rounded, the
3 inferior oblong, emarginate, the intermediate one streaked and spotted.
Filaments hairy, shorter than the corolla. Anthers two lobed, adhering
only at the summit, toothed at base, dark purple with a white fissure.
Style hairy. Stigmas two, acute. A gland longer than tlie germs is at-
tached to their base, slightly angled, tapering, obtuse. Seeds ovate, an
glcd on the inner side.

Grows in marshy soils, on the margins of rivers. .

Flowers May — Jmie,

3. Denticulatum.

D. spiels elongatis,
remotifloris ; bracteis
parvulis, lato-subula-
tis ; calycis dentibus
suba3qualibus; foliis o-
vato?-lanceolatis, den-
ticulatis.

Spikes long with
flowers distant; brac-
teas small, subulate ;
teeth of the calyx
nearly equal; leaves
ovate lanceolate^

slightly toothed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 150. Pursh 2. p. 411.
Prasium purpureum. Walt. p. l66.

Smaller than D. Virginicum. (Pursh.) Stem square, glabrous and
very minutely pubescent at the summit. Leaves closely sitting, oblong
and generally ovate lanceolate, rather acutely serrulate than denticulate,
glabrous. Bracteas about half as long as the calyx, and with the calyx
minutely pubescent. Corolla moderately large, handsome, variegated on
the lower Up, longer than the stamens.

My specimens appear to differ in their leaves at least from the original
description of the D. denticulatum of Aiton, but they agree minutely with
the figure in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vol. G. tab. 214.

Grows in the mountains. Carolina to Pennsylvania.

Flowers July — Se})tember.

86

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

4. Obovatum. E.

D. spicis brevibus;
foliis sessilibus, cuiie-
ato-obovatis, superne
dentatis ; bracteis mi-
ovatis, acumi-
E.

Spikes short; leaves
sessile, cuiieate, obo-
vate, toothed near the
summit; bracteas ve-
ry smallj ovate, acu-
minate.

nimis,
natis.

Stetn about 15 inches high, square, glabrous, pubescent at the summit.
Leaves about an inch and a half long, semiamplexicaule at base, strongly
tooothed towards the summit. Flowers opposite, not crowded in the
spike. Bracteas smaller than in any of the preceding species, with the
calyx pubescent, teeth of the calyx nearly equal. Corolla pubescent.

If my specimen gives a fair exhibition of this species, it is, when com-
pared with the preceding species, a smaller plant, with the corolla less in-
flated. Can this have been the original D. denticulatum of Aiton } Col-
lected near St. Mary's Georgia by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers May — July.

MACBRIDEA. E.

Calyx subturbina-
tus, trifidus; laciniis
duabus majoribus.
Corolla bilabiata, la-
bio superiore integro,
inferiore tripartito.
Antherce bilobae^lobis
divaricatis, spinoso
ciliatis.

Calyx turbinate, 3-
cleft, with 2 segments
large. Corolla two
lipped, the upper en-
tire, the lower 3-part-
ed. Anthers 2-lobed,
the lobes divaricate,
fringed with small
spines.

1. PULCHRA. Nutt. 2. p. oQ.

Thymbra caroliniana. Walt. p. l62.

JJoo? perennial, creeping. iS^em herbaceous, erect, simple, 12 to 18
inches high, square, glabrous, a little hairy at the joints. Leaves oppo-
site, lanceolate, acute, serrulate, dotted, ciliate, glabreus underneath, a
little hairy on the upper surface, the upper ones sessile, the lower attenu-
ated at base as if on petioles about half an inch long. Flowers verticil

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMiA. Bt

ate in terminal spikes, whorls 4-flowered, a bractea at the base of each
flower nearl}^ as long as the calyx, ovate, acute,dotted, fringed and sprink-
led with capitate glandular hair. Calyx erect, striate, the border 3-cleft, 2
segments, large, rounded, the third narrow, obtuse, a little shorter. Co-
rolla bilabiate, the tube longer ihan the calyx, stx-eaked with bright purple
and white, the upper lip entire, large, slightly vaulted, the lower lip short-
er, 3-lobed, the lobes obtuse and lellexed. F/7awc?<<s shorter than the co-
rolla, a little hair}', appressed to the upper lip, the anthers 2-lobed, nearly
black, villous, the lobes divaricate, very acute and as it were fringed with
short spines. Germs 4, glabrous. Style as long as the two shorter sta-
mens. Stigmas 2, simple, acute. A white oval gland larger than the
germs is placed at their base.

This plant, nearly allied to Melittis, appears to differ in its calyx, co-
rolla, anthers and perhaps by its glands. I have therefore inserted a mi-
nute description that it may be compared with that genus. Its habit is
peculiar, each whorl when in flower appears to be on the summit of the
stem, two flowers generally shoot up at a tmie, these are large for this or-
der, rather exceeding an inch in length, and are fancifully said to resemble
two ears, sometimes, though very rarely, all the flowers of the whorl ex-
pand at the same time. While the first whorl is flowering,the stem insen-
sibly extends, and when the first flowers have decayed a second whorl ap-
pears on the summit of the stem ready to expand its two most forward
buds. There are rarely more than three or four whorls, on each stem. I
have named this genus in commemoration of the late Dr. James Macbride
whose untimely death. Medicine and Natural History, and an admiring
country equally deplore.

Grows in the narrow swamps, through the pine barrens in the middle
districts of Carolina. Very abundant between Saltcatcher bridge and
Murphy's bridge on the Edisto river.

Flowers August — September.

PRUNELLA. Gen. Pl.

Corollce labium su-
perius dilatatum. Fi-
[amenta bifurca^altero
apice antherifera.
Stigma bifidum.

I. Vulgaris*

P. foliis petiolatis
oblongo-ovatis, basi

Upper lip of
corolla dilated.
laments forked,

the
Fi-.

one

summit
anther,
cleft.

bearing
Stigma

au

I 2-

Leaves on petioles,
oblong ovate, toothed

88

DlDyNAxMlA OTMNOSPERMlA.

dentatis ; calycis la-
biis inaequalibus, sii-
periore truncato, aris-
tato, caule adsceu-
deiite.

Sp. pi. 3. D. 176. Wall. p. 163.

at base; lips of the
calyx unequal, the up-
per one truncated and
awned; stem ascend-
ing.

p. 176. Wall. p. 163. Mich. 2. p. 11. Pursh 2. p. 412.

Stem branching near the base, perennial, creeping, square, pubescent
along the angles, hairy at the summit. Leaves ovate, a little denticulate
near" the base, a'little hairy, particularly along the margin, on long hairy
petioles. Flowers in cylindrical, compact spikes,axillary and terminal, a
pair of leaves at the base of each spike. Bracteas reniform, rounded,
fnnged, and coloured on the margin. Calyx hairy on the angles and along
the margin of the teeth and of the upper lip. The upper lip 3-awned.
The teeth of the lower lip very acute and just as long as the upper. Co-
rolla rather more than twice as long as the calyx, violet, varying, some-
limes more deeply coloured. The upper lip rounded and emarginate, the
lower 3-lobed and minutely toothed. Filaments shorter than the corolla,
forked at the summh, bearing an anther upon one fork. Style about as
long as the stamens. Stigmas 2 actite.

Our plant appears to be but a variety of the P. Vulgaris, it iss
however very much diffused and is found with us generally in woods and
not around habitations.

Grows in stiff clay soils.

Flov/ers May. July.

SCUTELLARIA. Gen. Pl.

Calyx ore integro,
post florescentiam
clauso, operculato.
Corollce tubus elonga-
tus.

1. Integrifolia.

S. dense pubes-
cens ; foliis inferiori-
oribus, ovatis, crena-
tis, basi attenuatis,
superioribus lineari-

Ccdyx with the
mouth entire, closed
and covered with a
lid after flowering.
Tube of" the corolla
long.

Densely pubescent,
lower leaves ovate,
crenate, attenuate at
base, upper ones Hne^
ar lanceolate, obtuse*

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

89

lanceolatis, obtusis,

integerrimis, sessili-

biis ; racemis laxiflo-
I'is foliosis.

entire, sessile ; ra-
cemes loosely flower-
ed, leafv.

Sp. pi. 3. p. trs. Mich. 2. p. 12. Pursh 2 p. 412.

Hoot creeping, perennial. Slem about 2 feet high, 4 angled, frequently
branching. The lower leaves attenuated at base into a short petiole, ob-
tuse, the upper ones narrow, almost linear. Flowers in vigorous plants
paniculate. The panicles composed of simple ojjposite branching racemes.
Flowers opposite. Bracfea a leaf at the base of each peduncle, lanceo-
late, entire, longer than the peduncle and calyx. Calyx bilabiate, lips
nearly equal, entiie, tne upper one furnished with a transverse appendage
like a crest on its back. Corolla 2-lipped, villous, pale blue, spotted in
the throat with white, the upper lip 3-cleft, the lateral segments small,
slightly reflexed, the intermediate compressed, vaulted, emarginate, the
lower lip shorter, 2 cleft, obtuse. Stamens shorter than the corolla.
ylnthers hairy. Style about as long as the stamens. Stigmas 2, acute.
Seed globose dotted, 1, 2, or 3, frequently abortive.

This plant when young has frequently all of its leaves entire, in this state
it is said to be the S. Hyssopifoliaof Linnseus, it varies however so muchnot
only in the leaf but in the size of the flower, as to make it doubtful wheth-
er two species are not yet included under this name. The name itself
ought to be changed, Intogrifolia is surely missapplied when given to a
plant of which every mature leaf has its margin indented.

Grows in ditches and damp lands, very common along the sides of
roads.

Flowers May — August.

2. Caroliniana. Laniark.

S. ramosa, ulaber-

9 to'

rima ; foliis petiolatis,
liiieari-lanceolatis, a-
cutis, integerrimis ;
racemis laxis, foliosis;
calycibus obtusis.

Lam. encyc. 7. p. 706.

Branching, glab-
rous ; leaves on peti-
oles, linear lanceolate,
acute, entire ,• ra-
cemes loose, leafy ;
calyx obtuse.

Pursh 2. p. 412.

With this plant I am unacquainted. Mr. Nuttall hints that it is proba-
bly a smooth variety of the preceding species. But Lamark must have
possessed at least good specimens of the plant, since he published a figure
VOL. II. M

90

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

of it. And no one can doubt that m .ny unknown plants, particulaily
among the small and herbaceous species are still concealed in our forests.

Grows in Carolina. Fraser.

Flowers.

3. Serrata.

S. ramosa, pubes-
cens; foliis ovalis, a-
cuminatis, serratis,
breviter petiolatis ;
racemis terminalibus,
laxifloris, plerumque
paniculatis ; bi acteis
ianceolatis, brevibus.

Pursh 2. p. 413.

Stem erect, tall, 4 angled, and with the whole plant minutely pubescent.
Leaves sometimes oval, very acute at base, dotted on the under surface,
on petioles about half an inch long, acuminate, and the serratures on the
lower leaves frequently rounded. Flowers distant on the racemes, large,
pale blue. Stamens shorter than the corolla.

Grows in fields and meadows. Virginia and Carohna. (Pursh.) Not
common along the sea coast.

Flowers June — September.

Brandling, pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate,
acuminate, serrate,
on short petioles; ra-
cemes terminal, loose-
ly flowered, frequent-
ly paniculate ; brac-
teas lanceolate, short.

4. ViLLOSA. E.

S. caule erecto, ra-
moso, villoso ; fohis
majusculis, lanceolatis,
utrinque acutis grosse
dentatis, subtus villo-
sis, supra sub hispidis;
racemis paniculatis,
confertifloris. E.

Stem erect, branch-
ing, villous; leaves
large, lanceolate, a-
cute at each end,
coarsely toothed, vil-
lous underneath, his-
pid

paniculate, with
flowers crowded.

above ; racemes
the

Stem firmly erect, 2 — 3 feet high, very villous, almost tomentose.
Leaves large, 3 — 4 1-2 inches long, 2 wide, exactly lanceolate, the un-
ifier surface, particularly along the veins, villous, the upper hairy an4

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

91

eomewhat hispid, supported by petioles about half an inch long. Panicle
composed of opposite, brachiate racemes. Bractens lanceolate, entire,
with a long attenuated base, apparently longer than the calyx. The Floia^
ers I have not seen, I suspect from the composition of the panicle they
are not large.

Grows in Georgia between the Oakmulgee and Flint Rivers, along
the road leading from Fort Hawkins to the Indian Agency.
FloAvers May — July.

6. PiLOSA. Mich.

S. pilosa ; foHis re-
motis, ovatis, obtusis,
rotund ato creiiatis ni
gosis, petiolatis, iiife-
rioribus subcordatis;
racemis paniciilatis,
confertifloris ; brac-
teis lanceolatis, inte-
gris.

Hairy; leaves dls*
tant, ovate, obtuse,
crenate, rugose, on
petioles, the lower
slightly cordate ; ra-
cemes paniculate, with
the flowers crowded ;
bracteas lanceolate^
entire.

Mich. 2. p. 11.
S. Caroliniana.

Pursh 2. p. 4i;
Wah.p. 163.

Stem erect, generally about 1 8 inches high and tinged with purple. Tim
lower leaves cordate and very obtuse, the upper ones ovate and nearly
acute, all rugose, hairy and dotted on the under surface. The lower pe-
tioles an inch and a half long, the upper very short. The calt/x hispid.
Corolla nearly hispid on the outer surface glabrous within, almost white
but tinged with violet at the throat and summit. Anthers very villous.

Grows in dry and somewhat fertile soils.
Flowers May — July.

6. CORDIFOLIA. Muhl.

S. pubescens; foliis
cordatis,obtuse denta-
tis, acutis, longe peti-
olatis; racemis oppo-
sitis tcrminalibusque,
jaxifloris,bracteis spa-

Pubescent ; leaved

cordate,
toothed.

obtusely

acute.

on

long petioles; racemes
opposite and terminal,
loosely flowered f

92

DIDYNAMIA GYiMNOSPERMIA.

tliiilato-ovatis, acutis | bracteas spathulate o-
aciiminatisque. | vate, acute and acu-

I minate.

Muhl. Cat. p. 36,

S. Versicolor? Nutt. 2. p. 38.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high,pubescent. Leaves strictly cordate, acute, but not
at all acuminate, somewhat rugose, pubescent or rather hairy on both sur-
faces, on petioles 1 — 3 inches long. Bracteas longer than the pe-
duncle and calyx, abruptly attenuated at base, the lower ones acuminate,
the upper simply acute. Calyx villous, tinged with purple. The upper
lip of the corolla, bright bluish purple, the lower lip paler, almost white.

I have described this sj)ecics from excellent specimens sent me by my
friend Mr. Collins of Philadelphia.

Grows in Carolina. Muhl.
Flowers July — August.

7. Lateriflora.

" S. ramosissima,
glabriuscula ; foliis
loiigissime petiolatis,
ovatis, dentatis, cau-
linis siibcordatis ; ra-
cemis lateralibus folio-
sis.

Branches very nu-
merous, nearly gla-
brous ; leaves on ve-
ry long petioles, o-
vate, toothed, those
on the stem shghtly
cordate ; racemes la-
teral, leafy.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 172. Mich. 2. p. 11. Pursh 2. p. 412.

Stem, about 2 feet high, square, glabrous, except at the angles, not fur-'
rowed as in all of the preceding species. LMves ovate, very obtuse at
base, acuminate, with the serratures very acute, the lower ones on mode-
rately long petioles,the upper sessile. Branches very numeious,all termina-
ting in leafy racemes and bearing also axillary racemes. Calyx nearly
glabrous, smooth, the operculum or crest somewhat conical. Flowers ve-
ry small, blue.

This is the species which has laterly acquired so much celebrity in the
cure of Hydrophobia, but whose virtues I fear are more than doubtful.

Grows in the upper and mountainous cHstricts ©f Catottna, and Georgia.
Flowers June — September.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERJ^IIA.

CALAMINTHA.

93

Calyx defloratiis
villis clausiis. Corol-
la fauce inflata, labio
siipeiiore emarginato,
inferiore trioartito : la-
cinia intermedia iiite-
gra, subemargiiiata,
ant crenulata.

1. Grandiflora.

C. suffruticosa: fo-
liis ovatis, obtusis, cre-
natSj laevibns;verticiliis
mnltifloris, subpednn-
culatis, folio breviori-
bus.

Pursh 2. p, 414. Nutt. 2. p. 39.
Thymus Caroiiniamis, Mich. 2.

Calyx after flower-
ing closed with hair.
Throat of the corolla
inflated, the npper lip
cmarginate, the lower
3-parted^ with the in-
termediate segment
entire, sHghtly emar-
ginate, or crenulate.

Siiffrnticose; leaves
ovate, obtnse, ere n ate,
smooth; whorls many
flowered, on short pe-
duncles, shorter than
the leaves.

p. 9

A small siuTruticose plant, growing from 12—18 inches high, the stem
round and a little pubescent. Lrarr.s slightly toothed, somewhat ribbed,
dotted. Flowers in opposite dichotomous clusters. Feduncles about as
hng as the calyx. The calyx tubular, ribbed, glabrous, the upper lip 3-
toothed, the lo-wer 2-cleit, the throat of the calyx closed with hair. Co-
rolla pale rose colour, spotted on the lower lip with purple, pubescent, the
tube longer than the calyx, the upper lip erect, slightly cmarginate, the
segments of the lower obtuse, equal. Stamens shorter than the corolla.
Antliers two lobed, somewhat crescent shaped, hollow and purple at each
summit. ^ Stifles longer than the stamens Stigmas two, acute.

Ciiows in the drift sand along the margins of rivers, in the middle and
upper country, abujidant near Co}umbia,'S. C

Flowers June — Ausrust.

Ceranthera. e.

Calyx bilabiatus,
labio superiore emar-
giiiatOjinferiorebilido.

Calyx two lipped,
the upper lip emargi-
nate, the lower 2.cleft.

DIDYNAMIA GYMr^USPERMlA.

Upper lip of the co-
7^olla 2-lobed5 the low-
er 3 parted. Stamens
distant, exserted. Ayi-
thers incumbent, awn-
ed at each end.

Corollm labium supe-
rius 2-Iobum5 inferius
3-partitum. Stamina
exserta distantia. An-
therce incumbentes u
trinque aristatae.

1. LiNEARIFOLIA.

Root annual. Stem about a foot higli, glabrous, branching. Leavei
opposite, linear, dotted, about an inch long, someiinies clustered. Flowers
in terminal racemes, peduncles opposite, irenerally 2-ttovvered. Calyx
striate, dotted, minutely pubescent at tii',; s'^nmit, generally tinged with
purple, upper lip short, segments of the iov.er lip acuminate. Corolla
glabrous, twice as long as the calyx, of a pale pmk colour, beautifully
spotted with violet, tube small, throat inflated, the upper lip rather longer
than the lower. Stamens four, distant, longer than the corolla. Anthers
2-lobed, lying horizontally on the sunuuit of tiie filaments, terminating at
each point with an awn rather longer than the anther itself. Style long-
er than the stamens, minutely hispid. Stigmas 2, equal, acute. Seeds
four, oval. Grows abundantly in the high phie barren ridges between
the I'lint and Chatahouchie rivers.

Flowers September and October.

TRICHOSTEMA. Gen. Pl.

Corollce labium sn-
perius falcatum. Sta-
mina longissima.

1. DiCHOTOMA.

Upper lip of the co^
roJJa falcate. Sta'»
'mens very long.

T. foliis ovato^lau-
ceolati*^, pubescenti-
bus ; staminibus lon-
gissimis.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 170. Walt. p. 164. Mich. 1. p. 10. Pursh. 2. p. 414.

Leaves ovate lan-
ceolate pubescent; sta-
mens very long.

Annual. Stem erect, 1-2 feet high, four angled, with the angles rounds
ed, brandling, heaves opposite acute at base, rather obtuse at the sum-
mit, entire, cloathed with a very soft pubescence. Flowers in dichotomom!
panicl''s, solitary in the divisions of the branches* J'tdunQks about half

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

95

an inch long with the calyx almost hispid. Calyx somewhat two lipped
and ribbed, the upper lij> much larg^er, 3 cleft, the lower small, 2 cleft.
Corolla 2 lipped, of a deep brip^ht blue, the tube very short, the upper lip
2 cleft with the segments somewhat falcate, the lower 3 cleft. Filaments
unetjual, four times as long as the corolla, ir.curved and with the style of
a deep Inight blue. Style nearly as long as the stamens. Stigmas 2, ob-
tuse. Secfh' 4, nearly round, slightly rugose.

(irows in fhy soils, very common in old pastures.

Flowers July — September.

2. Linearis. Walter.

T. foliis lineaiibiis^
glabris, sessilibiis, ii-
trinque aciitis ; denti-
biis calycis aristatis ;
staminibus
mis. Nuttall.

loiigissi-

Leaves linear, gla-
brous, sessile, acute
at each end ; teeth of
the calyx awned ; sta-
mens very long.

Walter, p. 1G4. Nutt. 2. p. 39-

T. dichotoma, Var. linearis. Pursh 2. p. 414.

Tills species resembles the preceding very much in habit and in its
flowers, it appears however to be sufficiently distinct ; JVIr. Nuttall re-
marks that it is always smaller, the leaves invariably smooth and rather
thick, while the rest of the plant is covered with a viscid pubescence, and
that the teeth of the calyx are conspicuously awned.

Grows like the preceeding in dry soils, more common in the middle
and upper country of Carolina than along the sea coasts.

Flowers July — September.

ANGIOSPERMIA.

PHRYMA.

Calyx cylindricus, 1 Calyx cylindrical,
supra longior, trifidus, | upper lip longer, 3-

96

DIDYNAMIA 'AKGIOSPERMIA.

infra bidentatus. Co-
rollce labium superius
emaiginatum, inferius
raajus. Semen uni-
cum.

1. Leptostachya.

cleft, the lower one 2-
toothed. Upper lip of
the coro//«emars;inate,
much smaller than
the lower. Seed owo^*

Sp. pi. Walt. p. 166. Mich. 2. p. 16. Pursh 2. p. 415.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, about a foot high, spar-
ingly branched and with the whole plant very pubescent. heaves
opposite, spathulate ovate, acute, toothed, tlie lower ones on petioles
about an inch long. Flotreis opposite on an erect simple terminal spike.
JSracteas three at the base of each llower, subulate, persistent, half as
long as the calyx. Cali/x aher flowering reflected, closely appressed to the
stem, tubular, 5 ribbed, 2 lipped, the upper lip with three setaceous seg-
ments, the lower lip longer, 2 clefr. Corolla somewhat tubular, two
lipped, white tinged with purple, the upper lip short, obtusely two tooth-
ed, the lower one larger, 3 lobed. Seed one.
Grows in shady light rich soils.
Flowers June to September.

VERBENA. Gen. Pl.

Calyx 5 -fid us.
dorolla infundibuli-
formis, tubo incurvo,
limbo inaBquali, 5-fido.
Semina 2 — 4.

1. AUBLETIA.

Vc assurgens ; spi-
CIS solitariis peduncu-
latis, imbricatis ; co-
rollarum laciniis emar-
ginatis ; foliis ovaU.
busanciso serratis,dis-
sectisque, petiolatis.

Cahfx 5 -cleft. Co"
rolla funnel shaped,
with the tube curved
and the border une-
qual, 5-cleft. Seeds
2—4.

Assurgent ; spikes
solitary, imbricate, on
long peduncles ; seg-
ments of the corolla
emarginate ; leaves
oval, deeply serrated,
and divided on peti-
oles.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 1 19. Michaux 2. p, 13. Pursh ?. p. 415.
Aaon. Caroliniensis. Walter p. l64.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

m

Root perennial. Stem creeping, tlirowing out roots and offsets, finally
assurgent, four angled and with the whole plant hairj. Leaves opposite,
ovate, lanceolate, somewhat 3-lobipd, with the lobes notched and toothed,
dotted on tlie upper surface, tapering at base to a slightly winged petiole
about an inch long. Flowers in terminal spikes so crowded that when
flowering they resemble a corymb, bracteas linear at the base of each
flower, about half as long as the cal}'x. Calyx angled with the borders
cleft, segments setaceous, unequal. Corolla somewhat hypocrateriform,
purple, tube neaily twice as long as the calyx, enlarged at the sum-
mit and doathed widi hair, border 5 cleft, expanding. Filaments very
short in the tube gf the corolla, the longer pair very villous. The Style
as long as the tube. Stigma obliquely capitate. Seeds four, oblong, dot-
ted.

Grows in the dry pine barrens of the middle country of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers April — September.

2. Spuria.

V. caule deciim-
bente, ramosissimo,
divaricate ; foliis miil-
tifido laciniatis, spicis
filiformibus ; bracteis
calyce superantibus.

Stem decumbeHt,
branching, divaricate;
leaves laciniate, much
divided ; spikes fili-
form; bracteas longer
than the calyx.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 119. Mich. 2. p. 14. Pursh2. p4l6.

Nearly glabrous. Stem angled. Leaves sessile, deeply laciniate,
somewhat pinnatifid, tapering at base, segments serrate, acute. Spikes
somewhat paniculate. Flowers at first crowded, afterwards by the elong-
ation of the stem distinct and scattered. Corolla small, purple.

Grows in Carolina. Muhl.

Flowers.

3. Hastata.

y. erecta, elatidr ;
foliis lanceolatis, acu-
minatis, insciso serra-
tis, nonnuilis insciso-
hastatis; spicis liuear-

VOLi ih ]

Erect, tall; leaves
lanceolate, acuminate,
sharply serrate, some-
times notched and
hastate; spikes line-

93

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

ibus^ paniculatis, sub-
imbricatisi

ar, paniculate^ some-
what imbricate*

Sp. pi. 1. p. 118. Mich. 2. p. 14. Pursh 2. p. 4l6.

Perennial. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, pubescent or hairy. Leaves general-
ly lanceolate and acuminate, the lower or early leaves have frequently-
lateral lobes and become hastate, but this is not the general character of
the plant, all the leaves somewhat rugose and a little hairy particularly on
the under surface. Spikes linear, short. Bracteas ovate, acuminate, ra-
ther shorter than the calyx. Corolla small^ purple. Stamens and Sti/le$
much shorter than the corolla.

Grows in the middle country of Carolina and Georgia, generally in dry
soils.
Flowers July — August.

4. PanicuLata. Lamai'k.

V. erecta, scabri-
uscula ; foliis lanceo-
latis grosse serratis,
indivisis ,* spicis filifor-
mibus, imbricatisj co-
rymboso paniculatis.

Pursh 2. p. 416.

Erects
leaves
coarsely
divided ;

scabrous

lanceolate,
serrate, un-
spikes fili-
form, imbricate, form-
ing a corymbose pan-
icle.

Stem 4 — 6 feet high, with the whole plant scabrous and hairy, almost
hispid. Leaves long, lanceolate, very acutely serrate. Spikes numerous
near the summit of the stem, linear. Bracteas subulate, shorter than the
calyx. Floioers small, purple.

Grows among the mountains of Carolina^
Flowers July — August.

Pursh*

b. Urticifolu.

V. erecta, subpu-
bescens ; foliis ovatis,
acutis,serratis,petiola-
vtis; spici3 filiforjaaibiis,

Erect, somewhat
pubescent; leaves o-
vate, acute, serrate^
petiolate^ spikes fill-

DIDYNAMIA AN GIQSPERMIA.

99

distinctifloris, axillari-
bus termiiialibusqne.

form, axillary and
terminal, with the
flowers distinct.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 119. Walt. p. 162. Mich. 2. p. 15. Pursh. 2. p. 416.

Perennial. Stem herbaceous, 2 — 3 feet high, 4 angled, hairy, almost
hispid, with many slender branches. Leaves opposite, scabrous, covered
with short rigid hair, abruptly narrowed at base. Bracteas subulate,
shorter than the calyx. Teeth of the calyx equal. Corolla small, bearded
in the throat, white, tinged with purjjle, the border 5-cleft, segments
oval, nearly equal. Stamens shorter than the tube of the corolla, in
which they are inserted. Sti/le as long as the stamens. Stigma ? glo-
bose, seated in the division of the style. Seeds 4, somewhat united at the
inner angles.

Grows in damp soils ; very common.
Flowers July — October.

Stems rigidly erect;
leaves sessile, obo-
vate, serrate, very
hirsute, hoary ; spikes
straight, imbricate,
clustered.

6. Stricta. Willd.

V. caulibus rigide
erectis; foliis sessili-
bus,obovatis, serratis,
subtomentoso.hirsutis-
simis, albjcantibus ;
spicis strictis,imbrica-
tis, subfasciculatis.

Pursh, 2. p. 417.

V. Rigens. Mich. 2. p. 14.

Spikes straight long pubescent. Corolla large, fa\e blue. Michaux.

With this plant I am unacquainted, it is inserted here on the somewhat
doubtful authority of Pursh.

Grows in Carolina and the Illinois country.
Flowers July and August.

7. Caroliniajja.

V ? erecta, scabra ;
foliis oblongo-obova-

Erect, scabrous ;
leaves oblong, obo-

IQQ

13IDYNAMIA AiSlGOSPERMIA.

tis obtiisis, inaequali-
ter serratis, basi at-
tenuatis, subsessiln
bus ; spicis
mis, filiibrmibiis,
tiiictiHoris.

longissi-
dis-

vate, obtuse, unequal-
ly serrate, tapering
at base, nearly ses-
sile; spikes very long,
filiform, with the flow^
ers distinct.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1T9. Mich. 2. p. 14. Tursh. 2. p. 417-
Pliryma Carolinicnsis.
p

Stem about two feet high, simple, four angled, scabrous, hairy and \vi(h
the calyx viscid. Leaves acutely and irregularly serrate, sometimes
slightl;/ lobed, the interior obtuse, the upper ones acute, rugose, the veins
pellucid. Bracteas subulate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx tabular,
teeth unequal. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, pale piu'ple, hairy
within, the border 4 cleft, somev, hat two lipped, the iipper segment short,
wide and emarginate, the three lower oval. Filaments very short, jin-
ilicrs almost sessile in tlie tube of the corolla. Style very short, with a
lateral tooth, beneath the capitate stigma. Capsule ? very hard, almost a
nut, oblong, 4 celled, not opening. Can this he called a naked seed with
jTour cells t

This plant has entirely the appearance of a Verbena ; by its corolla
and seed it differs from that genus. I have little doubt from its fruit that
it is the plant Walter intended by the Phryma Carolinicnsis.

Grows in dry soils, common.
Flowers May — July.

ZAPANIA. Scopou.

Fiores capitati.
Calvx 5 dentatus ?
^^rpUa 5 fid a. Sta-
mina 4-fertilia. -.S'^^^-
ma. peltato-capitatum,
obliquum. Frucius
tectus. ; utriculus e-
vanescens nectens se-
Biina 2.

Flowers capitate.
Calyx 5 toothed? Co-
rolla 5-cleft. Sta"
mens 4, fertile. Stig-
wa capitate, oblique.
Fruit covered, an e-
vane scent utriculus
connecting the seedSt

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

iOl

1. NODIFLORA.

Z. foliis obovatis,
cuneiformibus,supe.me
serratis ; spicis capi-
tato-conicis, solitariis,
elongato-peclunciilatis;
caule herbaceo re-
pente.

Leaves obovate,
cuneate, serrate near

the summit

spikes
pe-

solitary, on long
duncles, forming coni-
cal heads; stem her-
baceous, creeping.

Pursh 2. p. 417.
Verbena nodiflora.

Sp. pi. l.p. 117.

Anon, repens. Walt. p. l60.
Lippia nodiflora. Mich. 2. p. 15,

Stem procumbent, branching, creeping, somewhat scabrous. Leaves
opposite, glabrous, attenuated at base to a very short petiole. Flotcers
closely imbricated iji small oval or cylindric heads, on axillar}'^ peduncles,
4 — 6 inches long. Bractea broad, ovate, with a short point scarious and
purple along the margin. Calyx two leaved, compressed, persistent, muchv
smaller than the bractea, white and hairy along the back. Corolla white,
small, the tube as long as the bracteas, border 2 lipped, the upper small,
emarginate, reflexed, the inferior 3-cleft. Stamens very short in the tube
of the corolla. Style very short. Stigma capitate. T^\ie fruit
somewhat compressed, divisible, covered with a persistent bractea andca^
lyx. Seeds 2.

I have described this plant as it appears to me. It will be perceived
that my description, in some respects, and especially in the calyx, doe's
not agree with the commonly received character.

Grows in almost all soils, prefering those that are damp.

Flowers through the whole summer.

% Lanceolata.

Z. foliis lineari-lan^
ceolatis argute serra-
tis; spicis capitato-co-
nicis,solitariis,elonga-
to pedunculatis ; caule
herbaceo, repente.

Pursh 2. p. 418.

Lippia lanceolata, Mich. 2. p. 15

Leaves linear lan-
ceolate, acutely ser-
rate ; spikes solitary,
on long pediiacles,
forming conical heads;
stem herbaceous,

creeping.

^02

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Excepting in the leaf I have been able to see no diflerence between
this and the preceding species. The leaves are more strictly lanceolate
and moie acutely serrate. Its character after all is obscure.
Grows \n Carolina near Ashley River. JMich.
Flowers through the Summer.

L ANT AN A. Gen. Pl. 1026.

Flores capitati.
Calyx obsoIete-4-
dentalus. Corollm

limbus 4-fidiis, inae-
qualis ; fauce pervia.

re-
Drupa
nuee biloculari laevi.

Stigma uncinato
fractiim.

I. Camara.

L. foliis oppositis,
ovato lanceolatisj cre-
nato-serratis, scabris ;
caule inermi, aspera-
to ; floribus capitato
umbellatis, apliyllis.
E.

Sp. pl. 3. p.

Pluk. aim. t. 114. f. 4.

Flowers capitate.
Calyx obtusely 4-
toothed. Border of
the corolla 4-cleft, un-
equal^ with the tliroat
open. Stigma refrac-
ted, hooked. Drupe
containing a smooth,
2-celled nut.

Leaves opposite,
ovate lanceolate, cre-
nate and serrate, sca-
brous ; stem rough,
not prickly ; flowers
in umbellate heads,
without leaves.

A shrub 2-4 feet high, branching. Stem square, not prickly but always
'jough. Leaves opposite, scabrous on both surfaces, a little rugose, pubes-
rcnt along the veins, tapering at base to a short petiole. Peduncles axil-
lary, opposite, about 2 inches long, thickened towards the summit.
Flowers numerous in each head. Bracteas subulate, longer than the
calyx. Corolla bright yellow or orange color. Stamens included in the
tube of the corolla. Drupes globular, forming a vei-y compact head of a
tfark blue color wMien ripe.

The roots of tliis flower were sent to me from St. Mary's by Dr. Bald^
^n. I am imcertain however, whether they were collected in Georgia
vf Florida.

Flowers June — Novemljer.

DIDYNAMIA ANG109PERMIA.

HERPESTIS. Gaertner.

108

Calyx 5-phylliis,
inaequalis. Corolla
tiibiilosa, subbilabiata.
Stamina inclusa.

Capsiila bivalvis, 2-
locularis^ dissessimen-
to valvis parallelo.

* Bracteis 2 ad ha-
sin calycis.

1. CUNEIFOLIA.

H. glaberrima; fo-
liis cuneato-obovatis,
superne obsolete-sub-
crenatis ; pedunculis
folia subaequantibus ;
corolla qiiiiiquefida.

Calyx 5-eIeft, un-
equal. Corolla tubu-
lar^ somewhat 2-lip-
ped. Stamens inclu-
ded. Capsule 2-val-
ved, 2-celled^ with the
partitions parallel
with the valves.

* Bracteas 2 at the
base of the calyx*,

Very glabrous ;
leaves cuneate, obo-
vate, obscurely ere-
nate near the summit;
peduncles as long as
the leaves 5 corolla 5-
cleft.

Pursh2. p. 418.

Monniera cuneifolia. Mich 2. p. 22*

'Root perennial. Stem prostrate, branching, creeping and with th6
whole plant very glabrous and succulent. Leaves opposite, sessile, some-
what amplexicaule. Flowers solitary, axillary, peduncles various in their
length, generally shorter than the leaves. The three exterior leaves of
the calyx broad, generally unequal among themselves, the two interior v^-
ry narrow, acute. Bracteas 2, small, linear lanceolate, at the base of the
calyx. Corolla nearly campanulate, pale purple, border 5 cleft, the
segments oval, nearly equal and expanding. Stamens very short in the

tube of the corolla. Style short. Stigma capitate,
slightly reticulate, attached to a central receptacle.

Seeds numerouj!.

Grows on sandy shores that are occasionajly overflowed by salt-water.
Flowers Ma}' — October.

104

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

%^ _Bracteis ?iullis.

2. RUTUNDIFOLIA.

H. minutim piibes-
eens ; foliis siibovali-
orbiculatis^miiltinervi-
bus; pedimculis passim
oppositis folia subae-
quantibus ; corolla
quadrifida.

** Bracteas want'

ing.

Finely pubescent ;
leaves oval, nearly
round, many nerved ;
peduncles opposite, as
long as the leaves j
corolla 4-cleft*

Pursh 2.p. 418.

Monniera rotundifolia. Mich. 2. p. 22.

I have specimens collected in this State agreeing exactly with the H.
totundifolia. excepting in the length of the peduncle, a character some-
what variable in this genus. Stem procumbent creeping and finally assur-'
gent, hairy, the hairs pellucid and jointed Leaves nearly orbicular^
slightly serrulate, a little hairy, leaves half embracing the stem. Pedun-
cles about half as long as tke leaves, sometimes longer. The three outward
leaves of the calyx large, the first almost leaf-like, the two interior subu-
late, very smalL Corolla aziire, the border ^l-cleft, the segments ob-
ovate and emarginate. Stamens short, inserted between the segments
of the corolla. Anthers sagittate. Style short, 2-cleft. Stigma
simple. Seed oblong, truncate, dotted.

Grows along the maigin of ponds in wet soils in the middle country of
Carolina and Gfeorgia. ,

Flowers July — September.

3. Amplexicaulis.

H. caul ib US Ian at is;
foliis cordato-ovali-
bus, amplexicaulibus,
integris, obtusis, pe-
dunculis folio brevior-
ibus ; corolla quadri-
fida.

Stem Woolly; leaves
cordate, embracing
the stem, entire, ob-
tuse ; peduncles short-
er than the leaves ^
corolla 4-cleft*

Pursh 2. p. 418.

Monniera amplexicaulis. Mich. 2. p. 22v

Obolaria caroliuiantv. Wait. ]). IQQ,

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

105

To this plant the description of the preceding will apply almost entire-
ly. The Leaves are narrower, less nerved and denticulate, but mere-
ly in proportion to their size. The Pef?Mnc/es are shorter, and Mich, re-
marks tliat the corolla is larger. These two species require to be further
examined. They differ in appearance very nuich from the plants with
which they are associated — they are both very fragrant, particularly when
bruised, so that you can discover them when riding through the grounds
in which they grow by the aromatic odour which they exhale under the
hoofs of your horses. In this respect they differ very much from the in-
sipid earthy smelling species of Gratiola, Lindernia and other plants
to which they are allied. They will perhaps constitute a distinct ge-
nus.

From character and from tradition I can have no hesitation in re-
ferring to this plant the Obolaria Caroliniana of Walter — with the Obo-
laria Virginica he appears to have been unacquainted. »

Grows in the pine barren poiids of the middle country, rare in the im-
mediate neighbourhood of the ocean.

Flowers July — September.

4. MiCRANTHA.

H. glabra, succu*
lenta ; foliis arete ses
silibus, ovatis ovali-
busqiie, obtusis, inte-
gerrimis, striato-ner-
vosis ; peduneulis fo-
lio brevioribus ; ca-
lyee 5-phyIlo ; stylo
bifido.

Glabrous, succu-
lent ; leaves closely
sessile, ovate and o-
val, obtuse, entire,
nerved ; peduncles
shorter than the
leaves ; calyx 5.cleft ;
style 2-cleft.

Pursh 2. p. 418.
Gratiola repens ?

Sp.pl. 1. p. 103.

A small plant prostrate and creeping. Leaves sometimes nearly round,
very glabrous, half embracing the stem. Peduncles axillary, siiort. The
three outer leaves of the Cali/x large, the two interior subulate. Flowers
very small, white.

I neglected to notice,and my specimen will not now determine,whether
the corolla is 4 or 5 cleft. The calyx however separates all of the plants
placed m this genus, very distinctly from Lindernia.

Grows on the margins of fresh water rivers in soils subject to inunda-
tion. To me a rare plant, I have only met with it upon the banks of the
Ogeechee river.

Flowers September — October.

VOL. 11.

l06 DiDYNAMiA ANGlOSPERMIAi

SCROPHULARIA. Gen. Pl. 1014.

Calyx 5-fidus.
Corolla subglobosa,
resiipinata. Cajysula
2-locularis.

1. Marylandica.

S. foliis cordatis,
serratisj acutis, basi
rotimdatis ; petiolis
inferne ciliatis ; pani-
culae fasciciilis laxe-
paiicifloris.

Calyx 5-cleft. Co-
rolla somewhat glo-
bose, resupine. Caj)-
side 2-celled.

Leaves cordate,
serrate, acute, round-
ed at base ; petioles
fringed near the basej
branches of the pan-
icle composed of
loosely flowered clus-
ters*

Sp. pl. 3. p. 209. Pursh 2. p. 419.

S. nodosa var. americana Mich. 2. p. 21.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 2—4 feet high, very much branched, 4-
angled, glabrous, but sprinkled near the summits of the branches with ca-
pitate hairs, heaves opposite, ovate, lanceolate, rugose, a little hairy, the
lower ones sometimes slightly cordate. Floioers in long compound ter-
minal panicles, on pubescent peduncles. Calyx somewhat campanulate,
5-cleft, with the segments equal, erect. Corolla glabrous, greenish, ting-
ed with purple; the tube globose, twice as long as the calyx, the bordei*'
5-cleft, with segments unequal, the four upper ones erect, the lower small,
1-eflexed. A small spathulate purple appendage is attached to the tube of
the corolla just below the base of the upper segment. Stamens longer
than the tube of the corolla, the two longer ones appear to' be later than
the other two, in coming to maturity. Filaments hairy, dilated towards
the summit. Anthers 1-celled, opening transversely. Style longer than
the stamens. Stigma obtuse. Capsule ovate, somewhat compresjsed^
opening at the summit. Seeds numerous, a little rough.

Grows in rich, shaded, loose soils.

Flowers Ausrust — October.

BIGNONIA. Gen. Pl. 1018

Calyx 5-fidus, cy-
athiformis. Corolla

Calyx 5-cleft, cup-
shaped. Corolla with

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

107

fauce campanulata, 5-
ficla, subtus ventrico-
sa. Siliqua 2-locula-
ris. Semina mem-
branaceo-alata.

the throat campanu-
late, 5-cleft, bulging
underneath. Pod 2-
celled. Seeds wing-
ed with a membrane.

1. Capreolata.

B. foliis conjugatis
cirrhosis, inferioribus
ternatis, foHolis ova-
to-cordatis, acumina-
tis; racemis axillari-
bus; caule muricato.

Leaves conjugate,
bearing tendrils, the
lower ternate ; leaflets
ovate, cordate, acumi-^
nate; racemes axilla-
ry ; stem roughened.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 296. Mich. 2. p. 25. Pursh 2. p. 419-
Bignonia crucigera. Walt, p- l69.

A vine, climbing over small trees and shrubs, but not adhering lo them,
"Leaves opposite, conjugate, somewhat lanceolate but cordate at base, gla-
brous, entire, the margins and petiole sometimes coloured. Peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered, sometimes many from each axil. Calyx obtusely ^-
toothed. Corolla large, of an obscure red colour on the outer surface,
yellow within, the segments obcordate. {^Capsule flat, linear. Mich.)

Grows in dry soils.
Flowers March — April,

2. Radicans.

B. foliis pinnatis,
foliolis ovatis, denta-
tis, acuminatis ; co-
rymbo terminali ; tu-
bo corollae calyce tri-

Leaves pinnate,
leaflets ovate,dentate,
acuminate ; corymbs
terminal ; tube of the
corolla thrice as Jong

108

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

plo
radicante.

longiore ;

caule I as the calyx ;
radicant.

stem

Sp. pi. 3. p. 301. Walt. p. 169. Mich. 2. p. 25. Pursh 2. p. 420.

A luxuriant ornamental vine, climbing over buildings and the loftiest
trees, throwing out radicles all along the stem by which it attaches itself
firmly to walls, fences or the bark of trees. Leaflets somewhat ribbed,
smooth on the upper surface, pubescent underneath, particularly along the
veins. Flowers in corymb like racemes, on peduncles about half an inch
long. Corolla tubular, a little ventricose underneath, of a blood red co-
lour, the inside tinged with yellow, the tube twice as long as the calyx,
border 5-cleft, the segments nearly round and equal. Sta?ne?is nearly as
long as the corolla, inserted in the tube, within wliich is perceptible the
rudiment of a fifth filament. Anthers divaricate at base. Sti/le as long
as the stamens. Stigma compressed, flat. Silirjue very long, terete.
Seeds winged.

Grows very common, preferring damp, rich soils.

Flowers June — September.

RUELLIA. Gen. Pl. 1050.

Calyx 5-partitiis.
Corolla sub camp anu-
lata^ limbo 5-fido.
JStamina conjugata.
Capsula utrinque at-
teimata, dentibus elas-
tice dehiscens. Se-
mina pauca.

1. Strepens.

R. erecta, hirsuta;
foliis petiolatisjlanceo-
lato-ovatis, integerri-
mis ; pedunculis 1 — 3
floris ; calycis laciniis
Uneari-lauceolatis, a-

Cali/x 5-parted.
Corolla somewhat
campanulate, with the
border 5-cleft. Sta^
mens conjugate.

Capsule tapering at
each end, toothed, o-
pening elastically.
Seeds few.

Erect, hirsute ;

leaves on petioles,
lanceolate-ovate, en-
tire ; peduncles 1 — 3
flowered ; segments
of the calyx linear

DIDYNAMIA AMGOSPERMIA.

109

cutissiiuis, hispidis, tu-
bo corollae breviori-
bus.

lanceolate, very acute,
hispid, shorter than
the tube of the co-
rolla.

Pursh 2. p. 420.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 3G3. Mich. 2. p. 24.
Anon. Caroliniensis. Walt.

Ste?ii 18 — 20 inches high, 4-angled, and with the Avhole plant hairy.
Leaves ovate and oval, lanceolate, entire, attenuated at base into a petiole
half an inch long. Flowers axillary, generally 3 in each axil. The larg-
er Bracteal leaves as long as the calyx, the lesser about lialf as long.
Calyx 5-parted, linear lanceolate, the upper half almost setaceous, very
hispid. Corolla pale blue, the tube longer tlian the calyx, the border
somewhat campanulate, 5-parted, with the segments rounded, nearly
equal. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Style longer than the stamens,
slightly 2-cleft at the summit. Stigmas equal. Seeds few, (4, Walter.)
in each cell of the elastic capsule.

I know not how Pursh could have called the segments of the calyx
lanceolate, they are very accurately represented by Dill. Hort. Elth. T.
249. F. 321. excepting that in number 5 and (5 the setaceous points are not
sufficiently extended, but in number 1 from which he derived the epithet
Comosa, the representation is very accurate.

Grows generally in damp soils, may be found in great luxuriance in the
high ridges in river swamps.

Flowers through the whole Summer, beginning in May.

2. HiRSUTA. E.

R. hirsuta, ramo-
sa ; foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, sub acutis, ses-
silibus ; calycis laci-
niis subulatis, hispi-
dis, tubum coroUae
paulo superantibus.
E.

Hirsute, branching;
leaves oval lanceolate,
nearly acute, sessile,
segments of the calyx
subulate, hispid, a lit-

tle

longer than the
tube of the corolla.

Stem erect, 1 2 to 1 8 inches high, very obtusely 4-angIed, sparingly
branched, very hirsute. Leaves opposite, acute at each end, slightly un-
dulate, almost his})id. Flowers generally one in each axil. Segments of
the Calyx regularly subulate, rather longer than the tube of the corolla.
Corolla pale blue. Style very long. Every part of the plant much
smaller than in the preceding species.

no

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

I have introduced this plant, though not collected strictly within the li-
TDits of Georgia, on account of its close affinity to the R. hybnda of PiirsU
which Mr. Nuttall rejects as a yar. of R. oblongifolia. To that plant
however this species has no affinity.

Grows near the Alabama River in dry soils.

Flowers probably through the smnmer. Found in flower at the com-
mencement of October.

3. CiLiosA. pLirsli.

R. erecta, ramosa;
foliis subsessilibus^ o-
vato-oblongis, mar-
gine nervis venisque
pilis albis longe cilia-
tis ; bracteis lanceo-
latiSjbrevibiis; calycis
laciniis subulatis tubo
corollie quadruplo
brevioribiis. P. 2. p.
420.

Erect, brandling 5
leaves nearly sessile,
ovate oblong, with the
margins^ nerves and
veins fringed with
long white hair ; brae-
teas lanceolate, short;
segments of the ca-
lyx subulate, as long
as one fourth of the
tube of the corolla.

Described bv Pursh from specimens collected in Georgia and prmcipal y
near Savannah by Mr. Enslen. Distinguished, if the character should
prove permanent, by the short segments of the calyx.

Flowers tlirough the summer.

4. Oblongifolia. Mich,

R. repens, assur-
gens, pubescens ; fo-
tiis sessilibus,obovatis
ovahbusque, obtusis ;
floribus subsolitariis ;
ealycis laciniis filifor-
mibus, longitudine tu.-
bi corollae.

Creeping, assur-
gent, pubescent ;

leaves sessile, obovate
and oval, obtuse ;
flowers generally so-
litary ; segments of
the calyx filiform, as
long as the tube of
the corolla.

Mich. 2. p. 23. Pursh 2. p. 420.
R. biflora?

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Ill

Root perennial, creeping. Stem about a foot high, obtusely 4-angledj
occasionally branched. Leaves all obtuse, with a margin slightly undu-
late, the lower ones nearly round. Calyx with a short tube, the segments
subulate, almost setaceous, hispid; in the former species the calyx is gene-
rally divided to the base. Border of the Corolla equally 5-cleft, slightly
emarginate, pale blue or purple, spotted with a dusky yellow. Stamens.
shorter than the corolla. Anthers sagittate. Germ surrounded at base"
with an orange coloured glandular ring. Style a little longer than the sta-
mens. Stigmas simple. Seeds few in each cell of the capsule.

The R. Biflora of Linnaeus probably belongs to this species, I have
omitted the name as evidently incorrect; the habit of the plant is to pro-
duce in the first instance one flower in each axil, if it grows luxuriantly
two lateral opposite flowers are next produced, so that the axils are 1 or 3
flowered and may increase afterwards regularly by pairs. It may occa-
sionally happen that one of the lateral buds will prove abortive, or one
may shoot up and expand before the otlier, in either of these cases a biflo-
rous specimen may be collected, but this is accidental and not the habit erf
the genus.

Grows in sandy pine barrens.

Flowers from May to the close of the summer.

5. HuMISTRATA. Mlch.

R. glabriusciila, dif-
fusa, radicans ; foliis
in petiolum longius-
cule angiistatis, ovali-
bus, obtusis ; floribus
siibsessilibus ; capsu-
lis line ari bus.

Glabrous, diffuse,
radicant ; leaves at-
tenuated at base into
a long petiole, oval,
obtuse ; flowers near-
ly sessile j capsule lin-
ear.

Mich. 2. p. 23. Pursh 2. p. 421.

Found by Michaux in the Southern parts of Georgia. 1 have found no
species exactly agreeing with the description.
Flowers probably through the whole summer.

The plants described under this head will undoubtedly belong to Ruel-
lia, however the genus may be limited. In fact they agree so much
among themselves, that it is difiicult to find specific distinctions. But be-
tween the almost campanulate flower of tiieRuellia and the bilabiate some-
what rmgent, corolla of the Justicia, at least as the species are presented
to us m this country, the difference is so great that nothing but the capsule
appears to connect the two genera. See Smith's observations on RUEL-
LiiV in Kee.5' Cyclopcedia.

112

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMU,

BUCHNERA. Gen Pl. 1035.

Calyx 5-dentalus.
Corolloi limbus 5-fi-
dus, aequalis, lobis ob-
cordatis. Capsula 5-
locularis.

1. Americana.

B. caule simplici ;
foliis lanceolatisj siib-
denlatis, asperis, tri-
nervibus ; spicis re-
motifloris.

Cahjx 5 -toothed.
Border of the Corolla
5-cleft, equal, with the
lobes ob cor date.

Capsule 5-celIed.

Stem simple; leaves
lanceolate, slightly
toothed, rough, 3-ner-
ved ; spikes with the
flowers remote.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 334. Walt. p. 169- Mich. 2. p. 18. Pursh 2. p. 421.

Perennial. Stem from 1 — 2 feet high, terete and with the whole plant
scabrous and a little hairy, heaves opposite, sessile. Flowers at first
ci'owded on the spikes, becoming remote as the spike lengthens. Brnctea,-A
leaf at the base of each flower, ovate, acute, nerved, with two lateral leaves
smaller, linear-lanceolate. Calyx cylindrical, slightly incurved, nerved,
with the border somewhat bilabiate, the upper lip 3-cleft, the lower 2-part-
ed, the segments all erect, acute. Corolla hairy, purple, the tube twice as
long as the calyx, and a little incurved, the two upper segments of the bor-
der rather smaller than the lower. Stamens very short, in the tube of the
corolla. 5^3//e shorter than the stamens. Stigma ohXn?,e. .S'cerfs several in
each cell of the capsule, furrowed, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in damp pastures. Common.
Flowers from IVIay to September.

ANTIRRHINUM. Gen. Pl. 1007.

Calyx 5-phyllus.
Corolla calcarata, rin-
gens, rictu clauso,pal-
ato prominente. Cap-

Calyx 5-leaved.
Corolla bearing a
spur, ringent, with the
throat closed and the

DIDYNAMU ANGIOSPERMIA.

115

palate prominent.
Capsule 2-celled, 2-
valved*

sulci 2-locularis, 2-val-
vis.

1. Canadense.

A. assurgens, gla-
brum, simplicissimum;
foliis sparsis, erectis,
linearibiis, obtusis 5
floribus racemosis •
stolonibusprocumben-
tibus. ^«.x..^v.....

Sp. pi. 3. p. 255. Walt. p. 169. Mich. 2. p. 20. Pursh 2. p. 421.

The Hoot of this species appears in this country to be perennial, the
whole plant glabrous, the sterile branches 4 — 6 inches long, procumbent,
the fertile assurgent 12 — 18 inches long. Leaves dotted, by threes or ver-
ticillate on the sterile, alternate, but clustered at base on the fertile branch-
es. Calyx deeply 5-parted ? gibbous at the base ; segments lanceolate,
acute, pubescent. Corolla blue, tube short, the upper lip 2-cleft and reflex-
ed, the lower larger, 3-cleft, the spur at base long, slender, subulate. Sta-
mens short. Style shorter than the stamens. Stigma capitate. Capsule
compressed, oval. Seeds angled, truncate, attached to a central recepta-
cle.

Grows very common in almost all soils*
Flowers Alarch — April,

Assurgent^ gla-
brous, simple ; leaves
scattered, erect, line-
ar, obtuse ; flowers in
racemes; suckers (or
sterile branches) pro-
cumbent.

GERARDIA. Gen. Pi.. 1004.

Calyx 5-dentatus.
Corolla subcampanu-
lata, inaequaliter quin-
quefida, laciniis rotun-
datis. Capsula 24o-
cularis, apice dehis-
c^ns.

YOL. IK3

Calyx 5-toothed.
Corolla somewhat
camp anul ate, unequal-
ly 5-cleft, with the
segments round. Cap-*
Side 2-celled, opening
at tte summiti

114

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

1. Aphylla. Nuttall.

G. caule niido, sub-
simplici^ squamis op-
positis, ovatisj parvu-
iis, deciduis ; corollis
peduriculo longiori-
bus.

Nutt. 2. p. 38.

Annual. Stem about 3 feet high, erect, very sparingly branched. Ve-
ry minute leaves are sometimes, but sparingly found. In their place, are mi-
nute, sphacelate scales. C«///a; minutely 5-toothed. Coro/te rather small.
Capsule ovate, longer than the calyx. Nuttall. First discovered by Dr.
i5ald\vin in E. Florida.

Grows sparingly along the coast as far as Wilmington, N. Carolina.

Flowers probably during the summer.

Stem naked, near-
ly simple, with scales
opposite, ovate, small,
deciduous ; corolla
longer than the pedun-
cle.

Stem much branch-
ed ; leaves setaceous,
glabrous; flowers axil-
lary and terminal; pe-
duncles shorter than
the leaves; teeth of the
calyx setaceous, very
short.

2. Plukenetii. E.

G. caule ramosissi-
mo ; foliis setaceis,
glabris; floribus axil-
iaribus terminalibus-
que ; peduncuHs folio
brevioribus ; calycis
dentibus setaceis, bre-
vissimis.

Pluk. Phyt. T. 12. V. 4.

Stem erect, about 2 feet high, slightly angled, very much branched.
Leaves scarcely an inch long, perfectly setaceous, incurved when dry.
Flotvers numerous near the summit of the branches, generally terminal,
sometimes opposite and axillary. Peduncles about half as long as the
leaves. Cali/x truncate, with 5 minute, acute teeth. Corolla rather small
for this genus, pubescent. Capsule globular, longer than the calyx.

This plant agrees minutely with the figure of Plukenet to which I have
referred, and which is alluded to in Linnaeus as a variety of his G. Pur-
purea.

Grows in wet spungy soils, very common between the Oakmulgee and
Chatahouchie Rivers, and probably extends through tiie middle country
of Carolina and Geor^jia.

Flowers August — October.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMU.

3. Setacea. Pursh.

115

G. caiile ramosissi-
mo ; foliis setaceis,
glabris ; floribus ter-
miiialibus axillaribus-
qiie sparsis ; pedim-
culis folio multo loii-
gioribus.

Stem much brancli-
ed ; leaves setaceous,
glabrous ; flowers ter-
minal and axillary,
scattered ; peduncles
much longer than the
leaves.

Pursh 2. p. 422. Nuttall 2. p. 47.
G. erectci ? Mich. 2. p. 20.

Apparently annual. Stem slender, about 2 feet high, slightly angled,
glabrous, heaves opposite, about an inch long, with the margins a little
rough. Peduncles opposite and alternate, and as they frequently bear
leaves and branches,they may all be considered as real branches bearing ter-
minal flowers, but to the eye the upper ones resemble simple peduncles
about 2 inches long. Calyx truncate, teeth subulate, small, acute. Co-
rolla rather small, purple, white in the tube, with 2 yellow streaks, hairy,
the border equally 5-cleft, segments rounded, fringed. Filaments shorter
than the corolla, the longer pair villous. Anther's sagittate, very villous
and as in all of this genus 2 cleft and mucronate at base. Style about as
long as the stamens. Stigma thick, extending along the side of the style.
Capsules ovate.

Grows in damp lands along the margins of swamps and dry galls.
Flowers August — October.

4. Fasciculata. E.

G. caule rigido, e-
recto, superne ramo-
oppositis

foliis

so

ternisque, interdum
alternis, linearibus,
fasciculatis, scaberri-
mis ; floribus majuscu-
lis ; pedunculis folio
multo brevioribus.

Stem rigid, erect,
branching near the
summit ; leaves oppo-
site and by threes,
sometimes alternate,
linear, clustered, very
scabrous 5 flowers

large ; peduncles

much shorter than the
leaves.

U6

DIDTNAMIA ANGlOSPERMIA.

Roof annual. Stem firmly erect, 3 — 5 feet high, marked with lines de-
current from the leaves, very scabrous. Leaves linear, acute, producing
in each axil, small branchlets, with 8 or 10 small leaves, these towards the
summit of the stem, become real brandies. The Leaves and Floioers
near the summit of the branches are sometimes alternate, but this is evi-
dently accidental. The Peduncles are very short, rarely exceeding 2 lines in
length. Calyx truncate, the teeth subulate, acute, longer than any other
species in this division. Corolla as large as that of G. Purpurea., bright
purple, hairy along the side of the tube, marked with 2 yellow streaks,
spotted with red, the border equally 5-cleft, the two upper segments emargi-
nate, reflexed and very villous, 3 lower pubescent and fringed. Filaments
very villous, the 2 longer as long as the tube of the corolla. Style longer
than the corolla. Stigma obtuse. Seeds very numerous and small, attach-
ed to a central receptacle.

Grows principally in lands subject to occasional inundation from the
ocean — on E ding's Island near Beaufort very common.

flowers August — October,

5. FiLiFOLiA. NuttalL

G. caule tereti, ra-
moso; foliis filiformi-
bus^ subfasciciilatis,
glabris, alternis ; ca-
lycis laciniis acute
denlatis; pedunculis fo-
Jio longioribus. Nutt.
2. p. 48.

mg;

Stem terete^branch-
leaves filiform,
somewhat clustered,
glabrous, alternate ;
segments of the calyx
acutely toothed ; pe-
duncles longer than
the leaves.

Leaves filiform, about an inch long, nearly terete, smooth and very slen
der, collected in axillary clusters. Flowers purple, as large as those of G.
Purpurea. Orifice of the Corolla pubescent and ventricose. Peduncles
nearly an inch and a half long. Nuttall.

This species has a close affinity to the preceding, but its smooth leaves
and long peduncle render it sufficiemly distinct. The leaves perhaps
jire only accidentally as in the preceding species alternate.

Found by Dr. Baldwin near St. Mary's and along the coast of E. Flo-
rida.

Flowers probably from August to October,

6. Purpurea.

G. caule ramosissi-
mo ; foliis linearibus,
iitrinque acutis, sea-

Stem much branch-
ed; leaves linear, a-
cute at each end, ve-

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMU*

117

bcrrimis ; floribus ma-
jusculis, subsessilibiis;
calycis cientibus subu-
latis, brevibus, acutis.

ry scabrous ; flowers
large, nearly sessile ;
teeth of the calyx su-
bulate, short, acute.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 221. Walt. p. iro. Mich. 2. p. 19. Piush 2. p. 422.
Icon. Pluk. Mant. T. 388. F. 1.

Root annual ? Stem 2 — 4 feet high, saabrous and very much branched.
The Leaves sometimes nearly 2 inches long by 1 1-2 lines wide, larger and
more linear lanceolate than in an} of the preceding species. Corolla large,
pubescent, bright purple. Peduncles rarely more than 2 lines in length.
Antliers scarcely as long as the tube of the corolla. Style longer than the
stamens.

This species differs from G. Fasciculata in its habit which is more diffuse
and spreading, and by its leaves which are larger and more distinctly line-
ar lanceolate, though still very narrow and not fasciculate. From all the
other species it is sufficiently distinct.

Grows in damp soils, very generally diffused;
Flowers August — October.

7. Tenuifolia.

G. caule ramosis-
simo, laevi ; foliis lin-
earibus, utrinqiie acu-
tis, laevibus; floribus
parvulis ; calycis cien-
tibus parvis, acutis ;
pedunculis folio paulo
brevioribus.

Stem much branch-
ed, smooth ; leaves
linear, acute at each
end, smooth; flowers
small ; teeth of the
calyx small, acute ;
peduncles a little
shorter than the
leaves.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 222. Pursh 2. p. 422. Nutt. 2. p. 47.

Stem very much branched, diffuse, about 2 feet high, four anirled, nearly
smooth. Lecwes about 1 1-2 inches long, acute at each end and'^smoothjCX'
cept along the margins. Peduncles about an inch long, a little shorter thaw
the leaves but longer than the corolla. Teeth of the cahjx very minute.
Corolla ventricose, scarcely an inch long, pubescent. The border cqually
5-cleft, segments ciliate, purple. The tube nearly wliite, marlced with two
yellov/ streaks speclded with purple. The % longer filaments and all the

118

DIAYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Anthers very villous. The 2 shorter filaments only hairy at tlie base.
Style as long as the stamens. Stigma compressed.

This species resembles the G. Purpurea in the size and form of its
leaves, but differs by its smoothness, and very widely in its corolla and pe-
duncle. .

The plants I have examined, appear also to differ in many respects trom
the G. Tenuifolia of Nuttall, perhaps many species remain yet to be distin-
guished.

Grows in dry sandy soils, about 2 miles from Beaufort on the Battery
road, to me very rare.

Flowers August — October.

8. LiNiFOLiA. Nuttall.

G. caule tereti, vir-
gato ; foliis linearibus,
acutis, laBvibus, ap-
pressis ; calyce trun-
catOj denticnlato ; co-
rolla majuscula, extiis
pubescente, intus vil-
losa; pedunciilis folio
paulo brevioribus*

Stem terete, vir-
gate ; leaves linear,
acute, smooth, ap-
pressed ; calyx trun-
cate, denticulate ; co-
rolla large, pubescent
without, villous with-
in ; peduncles a little
shorter than the
leaves.

Nuttall 2. p. 47.

Anon. Erect? Walt. p. IfO.

Root perennial, creeping, Nutt. Stem 2—3 feet high, virgate, with
slender, erect, twiggy branches. Leaves as in the two preceding species ve-
ry narrow, linear lanceolate, in general closely appressed to the stem. Pe-
duncles, during the expansion of the flower, shoiter than the leaves, before
the capsules ripen as long or longer. Calyx very minutely 5-toothed.
Corolla large, purple. Stamens about half as long as the corolla. Style
as long as the stamens. Stigma acute.

This species is veiy remarkable by its erect virgate branches, Its leaves
in general are not shorter than the peduncles, yet if it it is not the G.
Erecta of Waher that species remains to be detected.

Grows in and around pine barren ponds.
Flowers August — September.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPKRMIA.

119

9. CuNElFOLIA.

G. pauiciilato-ram-
osa, ramis erectis ;
foliis cuneato-lanceo-
latis, inaequaliter ser-
ratis, siiperioribus al-
ternis ; pediuiculis ax-
illaribiis,foIio longior-
ibus ; calycibiis 5-
partitis.

Piirsh 2. p. 423.

Branching; branch-
es erect ; leaves cu-
neate, lanceolate, un-
equally serrate, the
upper ones alternate ;
peduncles axillary,
longer than the
leaves ^ calyx 5-par-
ted.

Described by Pursh from specimens in the Herbarium of Sir J. Banks,
collected in Georgia by Bartram.

With this phint I am unacquainted, and I think it probable as suggested
by Mr. Nuttall that it does not belong to this genus.

** Plorihus Jiavi$» | ** Flowers yellow*

10. Flava.

G. pubescens ; cau-
libns subsimplicibus ;
foliis lanCeolatis, inte-
gerrimis vel dentatis,
inferioribus subpinna-
tifido-incisis ; floribus
axillaribus, oppositis,
subsessiUbus.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 223. Wah. p

Pubescent; stem
generally simple 5

leaves lanceolate, en-
tire or dentate, the
lower ones notched
and pinnatifid ; flow-
ers axillary, opposite,
nearly sessile.

Mich. 2. p. 19. Pursh 2. p. 423.

Perennial. Stem rarely more than 2 feet high, obtusely 4-angled, pubes-
cent, simple or but sparingly branched. Lower leaves sometimes deeply
serrate, all attenuated at base to petioles of various lengths, generally very
short. Floicers on very short peduncles. Segments of the calyx subu»
late, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla large, yellow.

I have not been accustomed to see this plant in its living state and there^-
fore cannot point out with satisfaction to myself the distijaction between

120

DiDTNAMlA ANGIOSPERMIA.

this and the succeeding species. They differ much in size and perhaps in
pubescence, and the leaves of this species are, I think, thinner in substance
and the laciniate leaves less dentate than those of G. Quercifolia. The pe-
tioles and peduncles afford no certain character. I have for the present
used Pursh's description of this species though dissatisfied with it.

GJro\i^s in dry shaded and rocky soils — found in the upper and mountain-*
dus districts of Carolina and Georgia.
Flowers July — September.

11. Quercifolia.

G. glabra ; caiile e-
recto, ramosa ; foliis
petiolatis, pinnatifidis,
snmmis lanceolatis,iii-
tegerrimisjscabriuscu"
lis ; floribiis axillaris
bus, oppositis, pedi-
cellatis ; calycis laci-
niis sublanceolatis, tu-
bum aequantibus.

Purshi

Glabrous ; stem e-
rect, branching ;

leaves on petioles,
pinnatifid, the upper
lanceolate, entire,
slightly scabrous ;
flowers axillary, oppo-
site, on pedicels ; seg-
ments of the calyx
somewhat lanceolate^
as long as the tube*

Pursh 2. p. 423.

G. Heterophylla. Muhl. Cat.

Rhinanthus Virginica. Sp. pi. 3. p. l9l.

Root perennial, creeping. Stem firmly erect, S — 6 feet high, branch-
ing, obtusely angled, purple, glabrous except near the summit. Upper
leaves lanceolate, acute, slightly mucronate, with translucent veins, the up-
per sui'face and margins slightly scabrous, tie lower leaves pinnatifid, the
segments acute and toothed, and somewhat scabrous on both surfaces.'
Peduncles about 3 lines long. Calyx when young, pubescent, when old
glabrous. Corolla about 2 inches long, ventricose, yellow, hairy on the
inner surface, the border equally 5 cleft. Filaments nearly as long as the
corolla, very villous at base, the long pair fringed along the back. Ait'
titers hairy, bifid, and awned at base. Stt/le as long as the stamens. Stig'-
ma obtuse. Capsule a little com.pressed at the summit.

This is probably the G. flava of Walter. .

Grows in dry rich soils, very comniQn.
Flowers from 31ay t<? September.

didynamia angiospermia.
12, Pedicularia.

121

G. villosa, ramo-
sissima; foliis oblong-
is diiplica-to-inciso ser-
ratis, pinnatifidisque ;
lloribus axillaribus
oppositis pedicellatis ;
calycis laciniis folia-
ceis inciso-dentatis.

Villous, . much

branched ; leaves ob-
long, doubly notched,
serrated and pinnati-
fid ; flowers axillary,
opposite on pedicels;
segments of the calyx
leaflike, notched and
toothed.

Sp. pi. S. p. 223. Walt. p. 170. Mich. 2. p. 19. Pursh 2. p. 424.

Root apparently annual. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, branching from it§
base, terete, purple, and with the whole plant viscid and clothed with ve-
ry soft and dense pubescence. Leaves sessile, opposite, variously dissec-
ted. Peduncles about half an inch long. Segments of the Calyx folia-
ceous, incised and serrate. Corolla large, yellow, villous on the outside.
Stamens shorter than the corolla, villous. Style longer than the stamens.
Stigma obtuse. Capsule slightly compressed at the summit. Seeds nu-
merous, very small, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in dry sandy pine barrens, common in such situations.
Flowers July — September.

SEYMERIA. Pursh.

Calyx profunde 5-
partitus. Corolla cam-
panulata, sub aequah-
ter .5-fida. Filamen-
ta 4, brevia, sub ae-
quaha, fauce inserta.
Antherce biloculares,
poris apice dehiscen-
tes. Capsula ventri-
coso-ovata^ 2-valvis,

VOL. II.

Calyx deeply 5-
parted. C^roZ/«cam-
panulate, equally 5-
cleft. Filaments 4,
short, nearly equal, in-
serted in the throat of
the corofla. Anthers
2-celled, opening

through pores at the
summit. Capsule p-

.122

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

2-lociiIaris apice dehis-
ceiis.

vate, ventricose, 2-
valved, 2-celled, open-

ing at the summit.

1. Tenuifolia. Pursll.

S. glabriuscula,
ramosissima; foliis
composite pinnatifidis,
laciniis oppositis aiter-
nisque^ filiformibus ;
corolla sub i otata; cap-
sulis glabris.

Glabrous^ pl'ofusely
branched; leaves com-
poundly pinnatifid,
with the segments op-
posite and alternate,
filiform ; corolla some^
what rotate 5 capsules
glabrous.

I»ursh 2. p. 737. Nuttall 2. p. 50.
Gerardia Afzelia. Mich. 2. p. 20.
Afzelia Cassioides. Gmel. Sys. Nat.
Anonymos Cassioides. Walt. p. IJl.

Root annual ? Stem 3 — 4 feet high, with numerous brachlate branch-
es, terete, rough. Leaves opposite, sessile, about an inch long, compound-
ly pinnatifid. Flowers near the summit of the branches axillary, oppo-
site, on peduncles about an inch long. Calyx somewhat campanulate,
the segments subulate, about twice as long as the tube. Corolla about
half an inch long, of an obsciu"e yellow, sprinkled in the throat with
purple, pubescent, the border o-cleft. Filaments villous at base, rather
shorter than the corolla, yinthers incumbent, yellow, opening at the sum-
mit, the cells separate, and mucronate at base. Style decUning, longer
than the stamens. Stigma obtuse. Capsule compressed at the summits
Seeds numerous, very small.

The Anthers in this species, of which alone I can speak with certainty,,
bear a striking affinity to those of the Cassia. Hence and not from the ce-
"^rolla the specific name of Walter.

Grows very common in the low country in wet pine barrens.

Flowers August — September.

2. Pectinata. Pursh.

S. viscido pubes-
cens, ramossissima ;
foliis pectinato pinna-
tifidis ; laciniis indivi-
.sjs, liaesiribus, acutis ;

Viscidly pubescent,
profusely branched ;
leaves pectinately pin-
natifid, with the seg-
ments undivided, Jin-

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

123

corolla subrot at a; cap-
sulis pubescentibus,

Pursh 2. p. 737. Nuttall 2. p. 49-

ear, acute ; corolla
somewhat rotate; cap-
sules pubescent.

The specific character above recited contains the character of the S.
pectinata as given by Pursh and Nuttall, The observations which follow
apply to a species which has been many years in my herbarium under the
trivial name of S. Jacksoni, and which I refer to this species with some
hesitation.

Root annual? Stem 2 — 4 feet high, profusely and brachiately branch-
ed, obtusely 4-angled and with the whole plant cloathed Avith a viscid pu-
bescence. Leaves lanceolate in their outline, the lower always pinnatifid,
1 — 2 inches long, the upper small, and frequently entire. Floioersa.x.
illary, opposite, on peduncles longer than the upper leaves. Corolla
.somewhat rotate, of an obscure yellow. Statnens as long as the corolla.
Capsule pubescent?

First sent to me from Louisville, Ga. by Mr. Jackson. Along the di-
rect road from Milledgeville to the Alabama, by the Indian agency, it oc-
curs not unfrequently. In the low country I have not seen it.

Flowers August — October.

PEDICULARIS. Gen Pl 1003.

Calyx 5-fidus. Co-
rolla ringens, labio su-
periore emarginato,
compresso. Capsula
2-locularis, mucrona-
ta^ obliqua. Semina
tunicata.

1, Canadensis.

P. caule simplici ;
foliis pinnatifidis, in-
ciso-dentatis ; capitu-
lo basi foliosojliirsuto;
4porollis galea setaceo-

Calyx 5-cleft. Ca-^
rolla ringent, with the
upper Hp emarginate,
compressed. Capsule
2-celled, mucronate,
obUque. Seeds coat-
ed.

Stem simple,' leaves
pinnatifid, notched
and toothed ; head
hirsute, leafy at base;
helmet of the coroll^

124

DID¥NAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

bidentata ; calycibus
deorsum truncatis.

with 2 setaceous teeth;
calyx obliquely trun-
cated.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 211. Walt. p. 171. Mich. 2. p. 18. Pursh2. p. 425.

Root perennial, creeping. Stem 6 — 12 inches high, terete, succulent
and very pubescent. Radical leaves crowded, stem leaves alternate, all
lanceolate in their outline, pinnalitid, with the segments notched and tooth-
ed, somewhat reticulate underneath, when young very pubescent, when
old glabrous. Petioles compressed and slightly fringed. Flowers
in crowded leafy spikes. Bracteas resembling the leaves. Calyx slight-
ly angled, 2-cleft at the summit, obliquely truncated backwards so as to
have no under lip. Corolla twice as long as the calj'x, yellowish, tinged
with purple, the lower lip 3-lobed, the intermediate lobe the smallest.
Stamens a little shorter than the corolla, the 2 longer filaments bearded
near the summit. Style longer than the corolla. Stigma slightly capi-
tate. Capsule compressed and opening at the summit. Seeds few in each
cell, slightly angled.

Grows in rich shaded soils, rare along the sea coasts.
Flowers March — April.

MIMULUS. Gen. Pl. 1049.

Calyx prismaticus,
5-dentatus. Corolla
riiigens, labio superi-
ore lateribus replicato.
Stigma crassum.

Capsula 2-locuIaris5
polysperma,

1. RiNGENS,

M. erectus, glaber;
foliis sessilibusjlanceo-
latis, acuminatis, ser-
Tatis; peduncuUs ax-
iU^ribus, oppositis,
flore longioribus^ den-

Calyx prismatic,
5-toothed. Corolla
ringent, the upper lip
with the sides folded
back. Stigma thick.
Capsule 2-celled, ma-
ny seeded.

Erect, glabrous ;
leaves sessile, lanceo-
late, acuminate, ser.
rate ; peduncles axil-
lary, opposite, longer
than the flowers i

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

125

tibus calycis obioiigis, ! teeth of the calyx ob-

acuminatis.

long,

acuniinate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 360. Walt. p. 172. Mich. 2. p. 23. Pursh. 2. p. 426. •

Perennial. Stem erect, 4-angIed. Leaves opposite, narrow, lanceo-
late, sljohtly acuminate, serrate, sessile, semis mplexicaule, and with the
whole plant dabrous. Floicers opposite, axillary near the summit of the
stem, on peduncles nearly as long as the leaves. Calyx angled, the seg-
ments subulate, long. Corolla pale blue, the tube rather longer than the
calyx, the lower lip larger than the upper, 3-lobed. Stamens very short,
in the tube of the corolla. Sti/lc about as long as the stamens. Seeds
many in each cell, small, oval, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in damp soils in the middle and upper country of Carolina.
Flowers July — September*

2. Alatus.

M. erectus, glaber;
foliis petiolatis, ovatis,
acuminatis^ serratis ;
pedunculis axillaribus,
oppositis, flore brevi-
oribus ; dentibus ca-
lycis rotundatis mu-
cronatis ; caule tetra-
gono, alato.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 361. Pursh 2. p. 426.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high, square, slightly winged along the angles. Leaves
broad, lanceolate, sometimes ovate lanceolate, serrate, when large almost
dentate, like the whole plant glabrous, tapering at base to petioles half an
inch long. Flowers on peduncles about as long as the petioles. Teeth
of the cali/x acuminate mucronate. Corolla very similar to that of the
preceding species, pale blue, tinged in the throat with the yellow.

These two species have many points of resemblance, the former can be
distinguished by hs sessile leaves, long peduncles, and larger corolla. This
by its larger leaves and stem more distinctly winged.

Grows in the flat pine barrens of Carolina.
Flowers August — September.

Erect, glabrous ;
leaves petiolate, o-
vate, acuminate, ser-
rate ; peduncles axil-
lary, opposite, shorter
than the flower 5 teeth
of the calyx round,
mucronate ; stem 4-
angled, winged.

}26

PIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

CHELONE. Gen Pl 1005.

Calyx 5.partitus,
3-bracteatiis. Corol-
la ringens, ventricosa.
Filamentum quintum
sterile, caeteris bre-
vius. Capsula 2 loc-
ularis, 2-valvis, >S'e-
mina pliirima, mar-
gine membranacea.

1. Glabra.

C. foliis oblongis,
lanceolatis, acumina-
tis, serratis, subsessili-
bus, glabris; floribus
albis.

Calyx 5-parted|i
^yith 3 bracteal leaves
at base. Corolla rin-
gent, ventricose. A
fifth Jilament sterile,
shorter than the rest.
Capsule 2-celled, 2r
valved. Seeds many,
with the margin mem-
branaceous.

Leaves oblong, lan-
ceolate, acuminate,
serrate, nearly sessile,
glabrous ; flowers

white.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 225.
Nutt. 2. p. 51.

Mich. 2. p. 24. var. alba. Pursh 2. p. 427-

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, angled, taking root at the joints,
2 — 3 feet high. Leaves generally opposite, 2 — 4 inches long, slightly
acuminate, nearly sessile, and rather obtuse at base, somewhat rugose yet
glabrous. Florcers in all the species, in compact, imbricate, terminal
spikes. Bracieas shorter than the calyx. Segments of the cali/x obtuse,
nearly round. Corolla large, white, bearded internally on the lower Kp.
Stamens shorter than the corolla. Anthers as in the whole genus, woolly

Var. Lanceolata. Nuttall.

Leaves lanceolate, conspicuously acuminate, serrate, sessile, under sur-
face pubescent. Bracteas scarcely dilated. Segments of the calyx ob-
long. Probably a distinct species. Nutt. Near Columbia and through
the middle country the C. Glabra of Walter (p. 172.) is found and agrees
very nearly with this variety. The leaves are larger than those of any
specimens I have seen from the Northern States, pubescent, almost hairy
underneath, the flowers large, numerous and very compactly imbricated^
Sent me by Mr. Herbemont.

Flowers in the summer. (July — ^August. Pursh.)

OlDYNAMIA ANGOSPERMU,

127

2. Obliqua.

C. foliis petiolatis,
obliquis, lanceolatis,
oppositis ; floribus
purpureis.

Leaves petiolate,.
oblique, lanceolate, op-
posite ; flowers pur-
ple.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 225. Nutt. 2. p. 51.

C. glabra. Var. A. purpurea. JMich. 2. p. 24. Pursh 2. p. 42/.

With this plant I am unacquainted. Michaux and Pursh consider it as
a variety of the C. Glabra. Linnaeus, (after Miller,) Muhlenberg and
Nuttall admit it a species. Miller remarks that it differs from the prece-
ding by roots less disposed to creep, broader leaves more deeply serrated,
and by its purple flowers. Plukenet however, to whom Linnaeus refers,
describes and figures his Purpurea with very narrow leaves, but as distinct-
ly petiolate.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia. Mich. Pursh.
Flowers August.

3. Lyoni. Pursh-

C. glabra, ramosa;
foliis petiolatis, corda-
to-ovatis, serratis ;
spicis terminalibus
densifloris.

Pursh 2. p. 73?. Nutt. 2. p. 51.

Glabrous,

mg;

branch-
leaves on pe-
tioles, cordate-ovate,
serrate ; spikes termi-
nal, with the flowers
clustered.

A fine large species, with purple flowers. Collected in the upper diiS-
tricts of Carolina and Georgia by Mr. Lyons. Pursh. Near Wilmington.
JV. C. Nuttall.

Flowers July — September-

4. Latifolia. Muhl. Cat.

C. glabra ; foliis
lato-ovatis ovalibus-
que, serratis, abrupte
stcujouaatis^ b^si at-

Glabrous ; leaves
wide, ovate and oval,
serrate, abruptly acu-

minate.

tapering

at

n$

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

tenuatis, petiolatis ;
floribiis confertis ;

bracteis calycibusque
ciliatis. E.

base, on petioles t
flow ers crowded,- brac-
teas and calyx ciliate.

This plant which was discovered also by Mr. Lyon along the base of
the mountains of Carolina, but principally in Burke county N. C. I have
always sujiposed to be the C. Latifolia of Muhlenberg- s Catalogue. Plant
generally about 2 feet, obtusely angled, very glabrous. Leaves opposite,
on petioles nearly an inch long, tapering and somewhat acuminate at base,
in my specimens not even obtuse much less cordate, about 4 long by 2
wide. Flowers as usual in a dense terminal spike. Segments of the ca-
lyx oblong and their margins with those of the bracteal leaves pubescent
or rather finely fringed. Corolla rose coloured, rather smaller than those
of the tirst species.

Flowers Ausrust.

PENTSTEMON. Gen Pl. 1758.

Calyx 5-phyllus.
Corolla biiabiata,
ventricosa. Filamen-
tum quintum sterile,
caeteris longius, su-
per ne barbatum.
Capsula 2-locularis,
2-valvis. Semina nu-
merosa, subglobosa.

1. L

vEVIGATU.M

P. caule glabro ;
foliis laevigatis, ovato
oblongis, amplexicau-
libns, teniiissime den-
ticulatis, inferioribus
integerrimis ; floribiis

Calyx 5-leaved.
Corolla bilabiate,ven-
tricose. A fifth ^-
lament sterile, longer
than the rest, bearded
towards the summit.
Capsule 2-celled, 2-
valved. Seeds nume-
rous, globose.

Stem glabrous ;
leaves smooth, ovate
oblong amplexicaule,
shghtly denticulate,
the lower ones entire ;
flowers paniculate, the

Adynamia angiospermia.

129

paniciilatis, filamento
steiili superne barba-

te.

sterile filament beard-
ed near the summit.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 228. Mich. 2. p. 21. Pursh 2. p. 427- Nutt. 2. p. 52.
Chelone Pentstemon. Walt, p 172^

Root perennial. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, nearly terete, generally a little
pubescent. Leaves of the root lahceolate, acute, frequently entire, some-
times sparingly denticulate, attenuated at base into a petiole 3 — 5 inches
long, slightly winged; of the stem opposite,ovate, acuminate and sohietimes
pubescent near the base. Flowers in terminal panicles. Leaves of the
calyx ovate lanceolate, externally hairy. Corolla pale purple, streaked
with deeper tints, pubescent, hairy, within, upper lip 2-cleft whh the seg-
ments slightly reflected, the lower 3-cleft. Sta7nens shorter than the co-
rolla, the sterile filament sometimes divided. Sti/le shorter than the sta-
mens. Stigma simple. Cajjsule ovate, acuminate, sometimes 3 celled.

Grows in dry fertile soils.

Flowers June — September.

2. PuBESCENS.

P. caule pubes-
cente ; foliis serrulatis,
lanceolato oblongis,
sessilibusj amplexi-
caulibus; floribus pan-
iculatis^ filamento ste-
rile ab apice infra me-
dietatem barbato.

Stem pubescent ;
leaves serrulate, lan-
ceolate oblong, ses-
sile, amplexicaule ;
flowers in panicles ;
the sterile filament
bearded from the sum-
mit below the middle.

Sp. pU 3. p. 227. Mich. 2. p. 21. Pursh 2. p. 428. Nutt. 2. p. 52.

Perennial. Steyii herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet high, pubescent, almost tomen-
tose. Leaves sessile, amplexicaule, long, tapering, acutely serrulate, pu-
bescent, those of the root sometimes oval and generally denticulate. Pari'-
icle as in the preceeding species. Corolla pale purple.

Grows in dry soils in the upper country of Georgia and Carolina.

Flowers May — Sept.

3. DiSSECTU . E.

P? foliis oppositis, I Leaves opposite,
sessilibus composite ' sessile^ compoundly

VQL. II. R

130

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

dissectis, laciniis line-
aribus plerumque ob-
tusis ; floribus panicu-
latis. E.

dissected, the seg-
ments linear and sen-
erally obtuse ; flowers
in panicles.

Stem about 2 feet high, sHghtly pubescent. Leaves glabrous, divided
to the base, compoundly dissected or pinnatifid, the segments irregular in
length, not pectinate, all linear, and generally obtuse. Floicers in a pan-
icle composed of opposite branches, bearing a few flowers near and at the
summit of the stem. Corolla purple, segments of the upper lip longer
than those of the lower and more obtuse. Stamens shorter than the co-
rolla, sterile filament as long or longer. Style nearly as long as the sta-
mens. Stigma simple.

This remarkable species was sent me as a Pentstemon from Louisville,
Georgia, by Mr. Jackson, its leaves have some affinity to the Seymeria,
but the structure of the panicle and of the flower as far as the specimen
permitted me to examine it, is exactly similar to the other species of this
genus.

Flowers.

MARTYNIA. Gen. Pl. 1010.

Calyx 5-fidus. Co-
rolla ringens. Cap-
sula lignosa, cortica-
ta, 4-lociilaris5 2-val-
vis, rostro liamato.

1. PROBOSCIDEA.

M. caule ramoso;
foliis alternis, rotun-
dato cordatis, sub re-
pandis, integerrimis.

Calyx 5»cleft. Co-
rolla ringent. Cap^
sule woody, coated, 4-
celled, 2-valved, the
valves terminating in
a hooked beak.

Stem branching;
leaves a^lternate, cor-
date, nearly round,
slightly repand, entire.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 264. Pursh 2. p. 428. ISutt. 2. p. 53.

Annual. S^em generally procumbent, 1 — 2 feet high, branching, fistu-
lous, and with the whole plant foetid, viscid and pubescent, heaves some-
times opposite, on petioles 2 — 6 inches long. Flowers axillary, on pedun-
cles 1 — 3 inches long. In this species there are two lanceolate, small,

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

131

persistent leaves attached to the base of the calyx and forming in some
measure an exterior calyx, the proper calyx is split on the under side to
the base, the border 5 cleft, the 2 lateral lobes round, the mtermediate
lonsfer and acute. Corolla of an obscure yellow, with brighter streaks and
spotted with purple and brown, border 5 cleft, the 2 upper segments re-
flected, the 3 lower expanding. Stamens shorter than the corolla which
contains also the rudiment of a fifth filament. Style longer than the sta-
mens, dilated towards the summit. Stigma two lobed, compressed, pos-
sessing some irritability. Capsule rather large, with the surface furrowed
like bark, tapering to the summit and each valve terminating in an incurv-
ed beak 2 — 3 inches long. Seeds ovate, covered with a pulpy coat.

Grows in dry soils, about buildings, Beaufort, Columbia, generally dif-
fused but I suspect not indigenous.

Flowers June — August.

SCHWALBEA. Gen. Pl. 1001.

Calyx ventricoso-
tubulosus, 4-fidus, la-
ciiiia siiperiore mini-
ma, iiifima maxima,
emargiiiata. Corolla
ringens. Capsula 2-
locularis, 2-valvis,
dissepimento duplica-
te. Semina paleacea.

Calyx tubular, ven-
tricose, 4-cleft, the
upper segment very
small, the lower very
large, emarginate.
Corollavmg^eni, Cap-
sule 2-celled, 2-vaI-
ved with a double
partition. Seeds wing-
ed.

1. A

MERICANA.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 201.
423. Nutt. 2. p. 54.

Walt. p. 167. Mich. 2. p. 428. Pursh 2. p.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, about 2 feet high, angled and with
the whole plant pubescent. Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate, entire,
somewhat 3 nerved. Flowers alternate in a terminal raceme. Peduncles
1 — 2 lines long. Bracteas 2, linear lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Ca-
lyx furrowed, 4-cleft, with the lower segments gradually increasing in
length. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, of a dull purplish yellow co-
lour, the upper lip arched, entire ; the lower shorter, 3 cleft. Stamens
shorter than the corolla. Anthers somewhat crescent shaped. Style

132

DIAYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

longer than the corolla. Stigma simple. Capsule ovate, (dissepiment^^
composed of the inflected margin of the valves, and parallel with the lon-
gitudinal receptacle. Seeds numerous, imbricated, linear, winged. Nutt.)

Grows in pine barrens.

F lowers May — June.

EUCHROMA. Nutt

Calyx spathaeform-
is, 2-fidus, plus minus-
ve bipartitus. Corol-
la bilabiata, labio sii-
periore longiore, lin-
eari ; inferiore 3-fido.
Aiitherce lineares, co-
hoerentes. Capsula
2-valvis5 2 locularis.
Semina plurima, ves-
iculo membranaceo
inclusa.

Calyx spat he slia^
ed, 2-cleft, more or
less divided. Corolla
2 lipped, the upper
long, Unear, the lower
lip 3 cleft. Anthers
hnear, cohering. Caj)-
sale 2-valved, 2-cel-
led. Seeds numerous
inclosed in a membra-
nous vesicle.

1. C

OCCINEA-

E. foliis bracteis-
que color atis divari-
cato 3-fidis ; calyce
bifido, coroUam suljae-
quante, laciniis retu-
sis, emarginatis. Nut.
2. p. 55.

Bartsia Coccinea. Sp. pi. 3. p.
167. Pursh 2. p. 429.

Annual or biennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, pubescent. Root leaves
lanceolate, 3 nerved, entire, hairy. Stem leaves alternate narrow, long,
divided into 3 almost linear segments, pubescent. Floicers in a terminal
spike. Bracteas large, persistent, slightly lobed, enfalding the flower,

Leaves and colour-^
ed bracteas divari-
cately 3 cleft ; calyx
2 cleft, as long as the
corolla with the seg-
ments retuse, emargi-
nate.

185. Mich. 2. p. 17- Walt. p.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

133

red, frequently very brightly coloured near the summit. Corolla j^ellow-
ish, long, the upper lip narrow enclosing the stamens, the lower much
shorter, with the segments plaited, acute. (^Anthers long, linear, with the
lobes unequal, cohering, producing a poUeniferous disk. Nutt.)

Grows in damp soils in the middle and upper districts of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers June — August,

MELAMPYRUM. Gen. Plant 999.

Calyx 4 fidus. Co-
rolke labium superius
compress urn, margine
replicato. Capsida 2
loculai'is, obliqua,liinc
deliiscens. Semina 2
jn loculo siiigiilo.

Calyx 4 cleft. Up-
per lip of the corolla
compressed with the
margin folded back.
Capsule 2 celled, ob-
liquCj opening on one
side. Seeds 2 in each
cell.

1. Line ARE. Lam ark.

M. foliis inferiori-
bus linearibns, inte-
gris, fioralibus lanceo-
latis postice dentatis ;
floiibus axillaribus
distinctis.

Lower leaves line-
ar, entire, the upper
lanceolate, toothed at
base ; flowers axilla-
ry, sohtary.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 200. Pursh 2. p. 430. Nutt. 2. p. 58.
M. Americanum. Mich. 2. p. l6.

Annual. Stem about 12 inches high, branching, terete, slightly pubes-
cent. Lower leaves linear, the upper generally lan;:eolate, all opposite,
on short petioles, the youngest dentate near the base. Floioers axillary,
small, on short peduncles. Corolla pale yellow, 2 lipped, the lower lip
3 cleft. Stamens nearly equal. Capsule oblique, compressed, acute, re-
flected ? Seeds cartilaginous, oblong.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

134

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMlA.

OBOLARIA. Gen Pl. 1044.

Calyx 0 ? Corol-
la campanulata, 4 fi-
da. Stamina aequalia
ex divisuris corollae.
Stigma bifidum. Cap-
sula 2 valvis, 4 locu-
laris? Semina pluri-
ma^ parva.

1. ViRGINICA.

Calyx 0? Corol-
la campanulate, 4-
cleft. Stamens equal
in the divisions of the
corolla. Stigma 2-
cleft. Cajysule 2 val-
ved, 4 celled] Seeds
numerous, small.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 346. Pursh 2. p. 431. Nutt. 1. p. 103.

Jioot perennial ? Stem herbaceous, 4 — 6 inches high, smooth, heaves
obovate, obtuse, sessile, and slightly decurrent, entire, smooth, glaucous.
Flowers generally 2 — 3 on the summit of small, opposite, axillary branch-
es, sometimes sessile. Bracteas? 2 leaves similar to the leaves of the stem
at the base of each flower, performing perhaps the functions of a calyx.
Corolla campanulatr, deeply divided, white; segments equal, acuminate,
sometimes fimbriate. Filaments inserted in the divisions of the corolla,
about half as long as the segments. Germ superior. Sii/le rather longer
than the filaments. Stigma deeply 2 cleft. Capsule 2 valved, 4 celled ?
or perhaps 1 celled with the rudiments of partitions. Seeds very small.

This plant, from the structure of the corolla and the insertion of the
stamens, certainly belongs to the class Tetrandria where it has been cor-
rectly placed by Mr. Nuttall.

Grows in rich soils, near Clouter's spring, 6 miles from Charleston.

Flowers March .?

OROBANCHE. Gen Pl. 1045.

Calyx 4 — 5 fidus.
Coi^olla sub-ringens,
5-fida. Capsule ova-
ta, acuta, 1-locularis,
2-valvis. Semina plu-
rima, minima. Glan-
dula sub basi germi-
nis.

Calyx 4 — 5 cleft.
Corolla somewhat rin-
gens, 5-cleft. Cap-
sule ovate, acute,
1-celled, 2-valved.
Seeds numerous, very
small. A gland under
the base of the germ.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

135

1. Americana.

O. caule simplicis-
simo, sqiiamis ovato-
laiiceolatis, imbricatis,
obtecto; spica termi-
nali, glabra; corollis
recurvatisj staminibus
exertis.

Stem very simple,
covered with ovate-
lanceolate, imbricate
scales ; spike terminal,
glabrous ; corolla re-
curved; stamens ex-
serted.

Walt. p. 166. Mich. 2. p. 26. Pursh 2. p. 431.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 351.
Nutt. 2. p. 58.

Root perennial, somewhat tuberous, pai-asitic ? Stems clustered, forming
compact patches, 1—2 feet in diameter, simple, carnose, clothed with
long ovate scales, tapering towards the summit, of a pale brown colour.
Flowers in a terminal spike, one or more from each bud, covered and pro-
tected by the scales of the stem. Cali/x 5 ? parted unequally, with 2
small bracteal leaves at base. Corolla slightly incurved, 5 lobed, nearly
white, a little longer than the calyx. Sti/le nearly as long as the corolla.
Stigma capitate.

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers March — April.

2. Uniflora.

O? scapis nudis u-
nifloris ; calyce ebrac-
teato ; corolla recur-
vata.

Scapes naked, one
flowered ; calyx with-
out bractea; corolla
recurved.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 352. Walt. p. 166. Mich. 2. p. 26. Pursh 2. p. 431.
O. Biflora. Nutt. 2. p. 59.

Root perennial, somewhat tuberous, parasitic. Stems very short, nume-
rous from each root, covered with scales, bearing one or two flowers near
the summit. Flowers in my specimens invariably solitary, on naked, pu-
bescent scapes, 2 — 4 inches long. Calyx somewhat campanulate, deeply
5-cleft, pubescent. Corolla 3 times as long as the calyx, slightly curved,
of a yellowish white colour, with deeper veins, border 5-cleft, segments
oval, edged with a very fine blue fringe. Stamens and Style much short-
er than the corolla. (Anthers obcordate with the filaments smooth. Stig-
ma bilammellate, perforated, lobes rounded and acuminate, the lower lobe
arched over the stamens. Nutt.)

Grows in the pine barrens of the middle country of Carolina. Dr.
Macbride. "^

Flowers April.

136

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

3. ViRGINIANA.

O ? caule ramoso ;
floribus alternis dis-
tantibus; corollis cle-
ciduis, 4-dentatis ;
capsulis oblique trun-
catis, hinc dehiscenti-

catis,
bus.

Stem branching t,
flowers alternate, dis-
tant ; corolla decidu-
ous, 4-toothed; cap-
sule obliquely trunca-
ted, opening on one
side.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 351. Walt. p. 166. Mich. 2. p. 26. Pursh 2. p. 431.
Epifagus Americana, Nutt. 2. p. 60.

jRoof parasitic, soniewliat tuberous, perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches
high, branching, smooth, carnose, bearing small remote scales. Flowers
alternate, distant, nearly sessile, the lower ones bearing fruit, the upper
ones generally abortive. Calyx short, 4-tooothed. Corolla 4-toothpd,
the sterile flowers much larger than the fertile, white, streaked with pur-
ple. Stamens about as long as the corolla. Style simple. Stigma cap-
itate. Capsule nearly round, dilating, after it opens, very much in the
shape of a cup.

Grows on the roots of Beech trees, to which tree it is exclusively at-
tached.

Flowers August — September.

These three plants probably belong to distinct genera. The O. Amer*
icana alone resembles strongly the European species of this genus. Mr.
Nuttall, and I believe Mr. Rafinesque before him has pointed out the pro-
priety of separating the O. Virginica from the other species. I am not
able at present to turn to the observations of Mr. Rafinesque whose name
would have at least the claim of priority, and I have continued to use the
ancient arrangement.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

137

CLASS XV.

•x Q^g^' ' '

TETRADYNAMIA

SILICULOSA.

297 CAKILE,

398 DRAB A,

399 CORONOPUS,

400 LEPIDIUM,

401 THLASPI.

SILiqVOSJi'

402 DENTARIA,

403 CARDAMINE,

404 SISYMBRIUM,

405 ERYSIMUM,

406 ARABIS,

407 CLEOME.

CAKILE. G^RT.

Silicula lanceolata,
subtetragona, medio
utrinqiie dente in-
structa, biarticulata,
ad articulos secedens;
articulis mono sperm -
is, evalvibus.

1. Americana, Nutt.

C. foliis carnosis,
glaberrimis, spathulato
ovatis, sinuatis; lobis
obtusis, subdentatis ;
articulo siliquae inferi-
ore subtereti, superi-
ore compresso.

Nuttall 2. p. 62.

C. Maritima. Pursh 2. p. 434.

VOL. II.

Pod lanceolate,
somewhat 4-angled,
toothed near the mid-
dle on each side, 2-
jointed, separating at
the joints. Joints 1-
seeded,without valves.

Leaves fleshy, gla-
brous, spathulate-o-
vate, sinuate ; lobes
obtuse, toothed; low-
er joint of the pod
somewhat terete, the
upper compressed.

13»

TETRADTNAMIA SILICULOSA.

Root annual. Stem erect, with expanding branches, slightly angled to*
Wards the summit. Leaves alternate, not glaucous, the upper ones lance-
olate, the lower almost hastate. Flowers in terminal racemes, but forming
corymbose clusters when they first begin to expand ; common peduncle 1
• — 3 inches, the partial 2 — 3 lines long. Calyx 4-leaved, deciduous; leaf-
Jets linear lanceolate, slightly gibbous at base. Corolla cruciform. Pe-
tals 4, obcordate, white, with claws a little longer than the calyx. Fz7a-
ments 6, of which 2 are shorter than the others. Germ superior, slightly
compressed, jointed below the middle. Style 0. Stigma thick. Glands
4, two at the base of the shorter filaments, and one between the base of
each longer pair. Pod 2-jointed, without valves. Seed I in each joint,
oval, glabrous.

Grows in the drifting sands along the margins of the ocean. Cultiva-
ted sometimes for the table, and much commended.

Flowers April — July.

DRABA. Gen. Pl 1076.

Silicula Integra, o-
vali-oblonga, valvis
planiusculis, dissepi-
mento parallelis.

1. C

AROLINIANA.

D. foliis ovali-lan-
ceolatis, hirsutissmiis;
ramulis floriferis nu-
dis ; siliculis longo-
linearibus,glabris, ap-
pioximatis.

Walt. p. 174.
D. hispidula.

Nutt. 2. p.
Mich. 2. p.

62.

28.

Pod entire, oval
oblong; valves some-
what flat, parallel with
the partition.

Leaves oval lance-
olate, very hairy ;
flower bearing stems
naked ; pods linear,
glabrous, approxi-
mate.

Pursh 2. p. 433.

Hoot annual. Stem very short, covered like the leaves with a stellular
pubescence, and divided almost at the surface of the earth into 4 or 5 na-
ked flower bearing branches, each about 2 inches long. Leaves clustered
on the stem, small, more or less acute, and covered with a stellular pubes-
cence. Flowers on the summit of the branches. Calyx 4 leaved, deci-
duous. Corolla 4-petalled, oblong, with a base tapering to a claw, white,
in the later florets probably wanting. Stamens half as long as the petals.
Style very short. Stigma quadrifid. Pod 3 — 4 lines long, linear lanceo-
late. Seeds many. Dissepiment generally persistent.

TETRADYNAMIA SILOCULOSA.

m

Grows in sandy soils, James' Island, St. John's Berkley, Augusta.
Flowers in February, March.

CORONOPUS. Gmrt.

Silicula reniformis,
compressa, corrugata;
lociilis evalvibus^mon-
ospermis.

1. DiDYMA.

C. siliculis emargi-
natis,didymis,reticiila-
to-rugasis; stylo ob-
solete; corymbis mul-
iifloris.

Pod reniform, com-
pressed, corrugate ;
cells one seeded^with-
out valves.

Pods e margin ate, in
pairs, reticulate, ru-
gose ; style obsolete ;
corymb many flower-
ed.

Pursh 2. p. 435. Nuttall 2. p. 64.
Lepidium didymum. Sp. pi. 3. p. 439.
Biscutella apetala. Walt. 174.
Cochlearia humifusa. Mich. 2. p. 27.

Root fibrous, in our climate almost perennial. Stem branching, pras-
trate, 1 to 2 feet long, a little hairy. Leaves alternate, sessile, glabrous,
pinnatifid ; the segments linear lanceolate, sometimes toothed, mucroii-
ate. Flowers in small corymbs opposite the leaves. The RarJiis as in
jnost of this class increasing in length after flowering, and forming ra-
cemes when in fruit. Calyx 4-leaved, leaves lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous, 2 appressed, the others expanding, all somewhat persistent but fal-
ling before the fruit matures. Corolla 0. Filaments 2 fertile, subulate, as
long as the calyx, 4 sterile, 2 at the base of each fertile filament. An'
thers incumbent, erect. Germs supeiior, compressed, orbicular. St^/le
Bone. Stigma sessile. Pod 2-lobed, emarginate at each end, without
valves. Seeds 1 in each cell.

Grows very common in open grounds and pastures, is eaten freely
by cattle early in the spring and communicates to their milk and buttec
a disagreeable flavor.

Flowers from February to July. Pepper Grass.

2* RuELLII.

C. siliculis integris
cristato-muricatis: sty-

Pod entire, with a
muricated margin 5

140

TETRADYNAMIA siliculosa.

lo porrecto; corymbis I style prominent; co-
paucifloris. | rymb few flowered.

Pursh 2. p. 435. Nutt. 2. p. 64.

This plant which I have inserted from Pursh and Nuttall has escaped
my observation. It is said to grow in pastures intermingling with the C.
Didyma, and to be a larger species.

LEPIDIUM. Gen. Pl. 1077.

Silicula emargina-
ta, cordata^ polysper-
ma. Valvulis cari-
natis dissepimento
contrariis.

Pod emarginate^
cordate^ many seeded.
Valves keeled, with a
transverse partition.

1. V

IRGINICUM-

L. foliis radicali-
bus pinnatifidis, cauli-
nis lineari lanceolatis,
subinciso serratis ;
floribus 4-petalis, di-
andris ; siliculis lenti-
formibus.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 440.

Walter 175.

Mich. 2. p. 27. Pursh 2. p. 435.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 12—15 inches high, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, sessile, finely ciliate, more or less deeply notched, the
upper ones diminishing in size, and nearly entire. Flowers in terminal
racemes. Calyx 4-cleft, leaflets lanceolate, appressed, membranaceous
along the margin, pubescent on the back, deciduous. Petals 4, white, ob-
Gvate, a little longer chan the calyx. Glands 4, very small, at the base
of the germ. Filaments 2, sometimes 3, as long as the calyx. Anthers
incumbent. Germ orbicular, compressed. Style 0. Stigma globose.
Pod orbicular, compressed, slightly emarginate, 2 celled. Seeds 1 in
each cell.

Grows in pastures and about buildings. Very coramoii.

Flowers April — May.

Radical leaves pin-
natifid, those of the
stem hnear lanceolate,
deeply serrate ; flow-
ers 4-petalled, dian-
drous ; pod lens sha-
ped.

Nutt. 2. p. 64.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

141

THLASPI. Gen. Pl. 1078.

Silicula emargina-
ta, obcordata, poly-
sperma. Valvulis na-
viciilaribiis, margina-
to-carinatis.

Pod e margin ate J
obcordate, many seed-
ed. Valves boat slia-
ped, keeled.

1. B

URSA PASTORIS.

Hirsute; pods del-
toid, obcordate; root
leaves pinnatifid.

T. hirsutum ; sili-
culis deltoideo-obcor-
datis ; foliis radicali-
bus pinnatifidis.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 447v Walt. p. 173. Pursh 2. p. 435. Nutt. 2. p. 64.

Root fusiform, annual. Radical Leaves long, lanceolate, deeply pin-
natifid, with a long naked base. Stem Leaves lanceolate, denticulate, sa-
gittate and amplexicaule at base, all hairy but scarcely hirsute. Flowers
in long racemes. Calyx 4-leaved, leaflets lanceolate,deciduous, membra-
naceous along the margins. Petals obovate, white, longer than the calyx.
Stamens 6, about as long as the calyx, two a little shorter than the others,
Ger?)i superior, obovate. Sti/le very short. Stigma glandular. Pod
triangular, deeply emarginate along the upper line, not distinctly keeled^
2 celled. Seeds many in each cell, oval.

Grows in cultivated land. An exotic now completely naturahzed.

Flowers February — May.

SILIQUOSA.

DENTARIA. Gen Pl; 1087.

Siliqua elastice dis-
siliens. Valvulis e-
nervibus, revolutis.
Dissepimentum sub
fungosum. Stigma

jPo«? opening elasti-
cally. Valves without
nerves,revolute. Par-
tition somewhat fun-

gous.

Stigma emar-

\

142

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSAi

emarginatum.
lyx connivens.

1. Laciniata.

Ca-

ginate.
nivent.

Calyx

m
con-

D. foliis ternatis,
foliolis tripartitis, la-
ciniis oblongis, inciso
dentatis; radice mon-
iliformi.

Leaves tern ate,
leaflets 3-parted, seg-
ments obIong,notched
and toothed 5 root mo-
niliform.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 479. Pursh 2. p. 438. Nutt. 2. p. 66.
D. concatenata. Mich. 2. p. 30.

Root perennial, composed of small tubers, slightly connected together.
Stem herbaceous, 6 — 8 inches high, bearing 2 — 3 leaves, each compound-
ly 3-cleft, with the segments somewhat lanceolate, and irregularly notch-
ed. Flowers in terminal raceines. Calyx lanceolate, acute. Corolla
3 times as large as the calyx, pale puiple. Stamens longer than the ca-
lyx, not as long as the corolla.

Gi'ows in shady places on the highest mountains ef Carolina.

Flowers May — June. Pursh.

2. DiPHYLLA.

D. caulibus diphyl-
lis, foliolis ternis, ova-
to-oblongis, inaequali-
ter inciso-dentatis; ra-
dice dentata.

Stems two leaved,
leaflets three, ovate
oblong, unequally
toothed; root toothed.

Mich. 2. p. 30. Pursh 2. p. 438. Nutt. 2. p. 66.

Stems somewhat clustered. Flotoers yellowish. Roots tuberous. Mich.
Grows among the high mountains of Carolina.
Flowers May — June.

3. MuLTiFiDA. Muhl.

D. caulibus diphyl-
lis; foliolis multiparti-
lis, laciniis linearibus.

Muhl. Cat. p. Nutt. 2. p. 66.

Stems two leaved ;
leaflets many parted,
segments linear,

TETRAD YNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

143

Stem nenrly a foot Wish, glabrous. Lecwes 2, opposite, 2 — 3 inches
iong, variously and irrej^ularly divided, the segments all linear and some-
what acute. Flowers in a terminal raceme. Leaves of the Calyx lan-
ceol ite, appressed. Corolla of a pale purple, more than twice as long as
the calyx. ^Stamens all longer than the calyx. Style longer than the sta-
mens. Stigma capitate.

(ffows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers.

CARDAMINE. Gen. Pl. 108S.

Siliqua elastice dis-
siliens, valvulis revo-
voliitis. Stigma inte-^
griim. Calyx apice
hiaiis.

1. Spathulata.

C. parvula ; cauli-
bus deciimbentibus ;
foliis radicalibus spa-
thulatis, pubescenti-
biis ; caulinis lineari-
cuneatis, integris den-
tatisque ; siliquis di-
varicato-laxis.

Pod opening elasti-
cally, with the valves
revohite. Stigma en-
tire. Calyx expand-
ing at the top.

Small ; stems de-
cumbent; root leaves
spathulate, pubescent;
stem leaves narrow,
cuneate, entire and
toothed ; pods loosely
divaricate.

Mich. 2. p. 29, Pursh 2. p. 439- Nutt. 2. p. 67.

A plant has befn sent me by Dr. Anderson from Claremont county, S.
Carolina, as the C. Spathulata of Michaux, which though differing a little
from the description, I know not where else to refer. Root annual? Stem
erect, 6—] 2 inches highjhairj^, and the pubescence on the stem and leaves
stellular. Root Leaves lanceolate, spathulate, rather obtuse, scarcely an
inch long. Stem naked below, leaves towards the summit of the stem
linear lanceolate. Flotoers in racemes axillary and terminal. Calyx 4-
leaved, hairy, leaflets oval. Corolla white, petals oblong and obovatc,
twice as long as the calyx. Sta?nens nearly as long as the corolla. Style
very short. Stigma capitate. Pod terete, linear, about an inch long.

None of the pods in my specimen were mature, but they appeared tor
exhibit the character of this genus.

Grows in the middle districts of Carolina.

Flowers March — April.

144

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

2. ViRGINICA.

C. glabra, erecta ;
foliis pinnatis, foliolis
lanceolatis, subauricu-
latis; siliquis stride
erectis.

Glabrous, erect ;
leaves pinnate, leaflets
lanceolate, somewhat
auriculate ; pods long,
erect, straight.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 488. Mich. 2. p. 29. Pursh 2. p. 439. Nutt. 2. p GT-

Root perennial? Stem 8—12 inches high, a little hairy. Leaves al-
ternate pinnate, leaflets somewhat lanceolate, generally angled on the un-
der side the upper ones larger. Floicers in terminal racemes, small.
Corolla white, a little longer than the calyx. Pod terete, Imear.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers April— May.

3. Pennsylvanica.

C. glabra, ramosa;
foUis pinnatis, foliolis
subrotundo-obtusis an-
gulato-dentatis ; sili-
quis angustis, erec-
tis.

Glabrous, branch-
ing ; leaves pinnate,
leaflets nearly round,
obtuse, toothed and
angled ; pods narrow,
erect.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 486. Pursh 2. p. 440. Nutt. 2. p. 67.
Sisymbrium Nasturtium? Walt. p. 174.

Root annual ? Stem erect, about a foot high, branching, angled and
glabrous. Leaves pinnate or rather pinnatifid, glabrous, leaflets 4—6
pair, obtuse, toothed, entire when very small. Flowers m termmal ra-
cemes. Leaflets of the calyx linear lanceolate, glabrous, deciduous. Pe-
tals twice as long as the calyx, obovate, white. Stamens a little longer
than the germ. Style 0. Stigma obtuse. Pod about an mch long, te-
rete and very slender.

To the preceding species this bears much resemblance, it is distinguish-
ed however, by its ^abrous stem and leaves, by its larger and more dis-
tinctly toothed leaflets, and by a pod longer and much more slender. Ihe
two species have probably been united by Michaux.

Grows in wet lands. Very common in the tide swamps, resembling
very much in flavour the garden cress, for which it is frequently used as a
substitute.

Flowers February — April.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 145

SISYMBRIUM. Gen. Pl 1089.

Siliqua rostro bre-
vi, tereti, dehiscens,
valvulis rectiusculis.
Calyx, Corollaque
patentes.

1. Nasturtium.

S. siliquis declina-
tis brevibus; foliis pin-
natis, foliolis subro-
tundis, repando-den-
tatis.

Pod with the beak
short, terete, opening,
and the valves
straight. Calyx and
Corolla expanding.

Pods declining,
short ; leaves pinnate,
leaflets nearly round,
rep and, sparingly
toothed.

, pl. 3. p. 489. Pursh 2. p. 440. Nutt. 2. p. &7.

Root perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, branching. Root Leaves
2 — 5 inches long, pinnatifid, witli the upper segments much dilated, very
glabrous. Flowers in terminal racemes. Leaves of the calyx ovate.
Petals twice as long as the calyx, obovate, bright yellow. Stamens short-
er than the corolla. Pods about an inch long, many seeded, slightly in-
curved.

This plant, the common cress of our gardens, is becoming naturalized
in our country, but in the low country of Sputh-Carolina, it certainly is
not indigenous.

Grows in close and damp soils.

Flowers February — May.

2. P

ALUSTRE.

S. siliquis declina-
tis oblongo-ovatis; fo-
liis pinnatifidis serra-
tis; petaHscalyce bre-
vioribus.

Pods declining, ob-
long, ovate ; leaves
pinnatifid, serrate; pe-
tals shorter than the
calyx.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 490. Piu-sh 2. p. 440. Nutt. 2. p. 67.

With this species I am unacquainted. (Root annual. Flowers yellow.
Pursh.)
Grows in inundated and low ground, from Canada to Carolina. Pursh.
Flowers July — August.

TOL. II. T

146 tetradynamia siliquosa.

3. Walteri E.

Much branched,
procumbent ; leaves
pinnatifid ; segments
obtuse, sinuate-den-
tate, the upper conflu-
ent ; pods short, gen-
erally erect.

S. ramosissimum,
procumbens ; fohis
pinnatifidis, laciniis
obtusis, sinuato-denta-
tis, supremis confluen-
tibus ; siHcpiis brevi-
bus, sub erectis. E.

S. tanacetifolium. AA^alt. p. 174.

Root perennial? - Stem generally procumbent, 6 — 14 inches long, an-
gled and sprinkled with a transparent pubescence. Leaves pinnatifid,
glabrous, toothed and sinuate, the segments very gradually increasing in
size towards the summit. Flowers in simple racemes; racemes axillary,
opposite the leaves and terminal. Leaves of the Calyx lanceolate, a lit-
tle hairy, appressed. Petals nearly linear, tapering at base^ scarcely as
long as the calyx, yellow. The long Stamens just equal to the germ.
Anthers somewhat globose. Style very short. Stigma capitate. Pod
scarcely half an inch long, terete, slightly incurved, opening from the base.
Very nearly allied to the px-eceding species, from which it appears to dif-
fer by its procumbent stems and terete pod.

Grows in damp soils. Common arpund Charleston and Beaufort.

Flowers February — May.

4. A

MPHIBIUM.

S. siliquis declina-
tis oblongo ovatis ; fo-
liis oblongo lanceola-
tis pinnatifidisve, ser-
ratis; petalis calyce
longioribus.

Pods decHning,

ob-
long ovate ; leaves
oblong, lanceolate,
sometimes deeply ser-
rate and pinnatifid ;
petals longer than the
calyx.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 491. Pursh 2. p, 440. Nutt. p. 67 .
Sisymbrium indicum.

Root perennial ? Stem erect, about a foot high, branching, angled,
glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, acute, deeply toothed, the lower ones pin-
natifid, sinuate, and tapering at base. Floioers in terminal racemes.
Leaves of the Calyx oval, appressed, deciduous, a little hairy near the

TETRADYNAMIA STLIQU03A.

147

saimmit. Pdnis pale yellow, sometimes wanting. Pod short, about half
an inch Ions;, ascending, terete.

Grows along the margins of ditches and in wet places. Common io
the river swamps of Ogeechee.

Flowers March — April and sometimes in the autumn.

5. C

ANESCENS.

Nutt.

S. foliis bipinnatifi-
disjcanescentibus, laci-
niis dentatis^ obtusis,
iiiteidum obovatis
petalis calycem
quantibiis ; siliquis
sub angulatis, adscen-
dentibus, pedimculo
brevioiibus.

9

ae-

Leaves doubly pin-
natifid, hoary ; seg-
ments dentate, ob-
tuse, sometimes obo-
vate ; petals as long
as the calyx ; pods
slightly angled, ascen-
ding, shorter than the
peduncle.

Nutt. 2. p. 68.

S. Sophia. Pursh 2. p 440.

Erysimum pinnatum. Walt. p. 174.

Root annual. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, erect, branching, with the leaves
very pubescent. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, hoary and with segments va-
riously toothed. Flowers in terminal racemes. Leaves of the Calyx oval
erect, pubescent. Petals obovate, as long as the calyx, expanding, yel-
lowish. Stamens longer than the germ. Style short. Stigma capitate.
Pod short, distinctly angled, sometimes splitting at the angles as if four
valved. Seeds many in each cell, obovate, slightly roughened.

While looking over my specimens I have had reason to believe that we
have another species in this country closely allied to the present, with
leaves more finely dissected and with longer pods, but I have not matericife
to complete its character.

Grows in sandy pastures, very common.

Flowers March — April.

ERYSIMUM. Gen. Pl. 1090.

Siliqua columnaris,
tetraecla. Calyx clau-
>sus.

Pod columnar J
square. Calyx clos-
ed.

148

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

1. Officinale.

E. siliquis spicae ad
pressis; foliis rimcina-
tis.

Pods appressed to
the stem ; leaves run-
cinate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 509. Mich. 2. p. 31. Pursh 2 p. 436. Nutt. 2. p. 68.

Root annual. Stem 1 — 3 feet high, erect, glabrous, with expanding
branches. Lower Leaves large and runcinate, the upper ones somewhat
hastate. Floioers on long, very slender racemes, very small. Corolla
pale yellow, a little longer than the calyx^ Pod 6 — 8 lines long, tapering
to an acute point, closely appressed to the stem.

An European plant, partially naturalized in our country.

Grows along the road side from Canada to Carolina. Pursh. Not
found in the low country of Carolina.

Flowers May — June. Pursh.

ARABIS. Gen. Pl, 1049.

Siliqua linearis,
pleriimque compressa,
stigmate subsessili co-
roiiata, valvis venosis.
Semina serie unica
disposita. Calyx e-
rectus.

1. Canadensis.

A. foliis lanceola-
tis, utrinque angusta-
tis,remote dentatis,ses-
silibus ; siliquis pen-
dulis, ancipitibus, fal-
catis.

Pod linear,general-
ly compressed, crown-
ed with the sessile
stigma, valves veined.
Seed arranged in one
row. Calyx erect.

Leaves lanceolate,,
narrow at each end,
remotely toothed, ses-
sile ; pods pendulous,
compressed, falcate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 540. Nutt. 2. p. 70.

A. Falcata. Mich. 2. p. 31. Pursh 2. p. 437.

Root perennial. Stem 2 to 4 or 5 feet high, a little hairy near the base.
leaves alternate, sessilc; pubescent, irregularly toothed. Flowers in long

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

149

terminal racemes. Corolla small, white. Pods very long (3 5 inches)

linear, recurved, sometimes pendulous.

Grows in rocky shady situations. Pursh.

Sent me from Milledgeville, Georgia, by Dr. Boykin.

Flowers May — June.

2. Rhomboidea.

A. foliis glabris,
rhomboideis, repando-
dentatis, infimis ro-
tund atis^Ionge petiola-
tis, radice tuberosa.

Leaves glabrous,
rhomboidal, repand,
toothed, the lower
ones nearly round, on
long petioles ; root
tuberous.

Pursh 2. p. 437. Nutt. 2. p. 70.
Cardamine Rotundifolia ? Mich. 2. p. 30.

J?oo^ a small bulb or tuber. Stem 12 — 18 inches long, erect, glabrous,
simple. Root Leaves nearly round and entire and on petioles 4 — 6 inch-
es long. Stem heaves on short petioles, ovate, remotely toothed or an-
gled. Flowers in terminal racemes. Petals white, three times as long as
the calyx. Stamens longer than the calyx. Pods on long peduncles, te-
rete, mucronate.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Sent to me with the preceeding from Milledgeville by Dr. Boykin.

Flowers March to May. Pursh.

CLEOME. Gen. Pl. 1099,

Glandulce nectari-
ferae 3, ad singulum
sinum calycis singula,
excepto infimo. Pe-
tala omnia adscenden-
tia. Germen stipita-
tum. Siliqua 1-locu-
laris, 2-valvis.

Nectariferous glands
3, one at each divi-
sion of the calyx ex-
cept the lowest. Pe-
tals all ascending.
Germ stipitate. Pod
1-celled, 2-valved.

150

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA/

1. Pentaphylla.

C. floribus gynan-
dris ; foliis quinatis ;
caiile inermi.

Flowers gynaii-
drous; leaves qiiinate;
stem unarmed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 564. Pursh2.p. 441. Nutt. 2. p. 73.

Root annual. Stem 2—3 feet high, sometimes branching, glabrous, vi-
scid. Leaves on petioles, 3—5 inches long, Leaflets lanceolate, very hne-
Iv and irregularlv serrulate, upper leaves sometimes undivided, t lowers
in long terminar racemes. Peduncles 1—2 inches long. Calyx smstt,
(5 leaved Nutt.) Petals obovate or nearly round,white, with very long
capUlarv claws. Germ linear, supported by a pedicel much longer than
the petals, to the middle of which 6 linear anthers are attached on longh-
laments. Style very short. Stigma capitate. Capsule ^3 inches lonfo
linear, on a long footstalk. Seeds few, and distant in eaciT p

Grows in cultivated grounds, and about buildings.

Flowers INlay — July.

ipod.

2. CUNEIFOLIA. Mulll.

Leaves simple,
nearly sessile, obo-
vate, cuneate at base;
flowers hexandrous in
terminal clusters.

C. foliis simplici-
bus, subsessilibus, ob-
ovatis ovalibusque,
basi cuneatis ; flori-
bus hexandris, termi-
nali-fasciculatis.

Muhl. Cat. p.6l. Pursh. 2. p. 73.

Root annual ? Stein 12—18 inches high, erect, much branched near
the summit, glabrous. Leaves about an inch long, slightly retuse, entire.
Flowers in clusters at the summit of the branches. Peduncles 1—6 lines
long. Calyx very minute. Corolla obovate or nearly round, supported
on lon<r slender claws, white, tinged with purple. Stamens rather longer
than the corolla, inserted just within, and sometimes between the petals.
Anthers linear. Germ stipitate. Style 0. Stigma obtuse. Pod near-
ly 2 inches long, filiform and very slender.

Grows very abundantly in the dry ridges between MilledgevUle and the
Chatahouchie.

Flowers June — August.

MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA.

CLASS XYl

151

MONADELPHIA.

TRMJ^BRM,

408 SISYRINCHIUM,

PEjYTAJVDRIA,

409 PASSIFLORA,

410 OPLOTHECA,

OCTAJSDRM.

411 PISTIA,

TiECAjVnRIA'

412 GERANIUM,

413 SCHltANKIA,

POLTAJVDRIA

414 SIDA,

415 MALVA,

416 MALOPE,
4ir HIBISCUS,

418 GORDONIA,

419 STEWARTIA,

420 HO PEA.

SISYRINCHIUM. Gen Pl. 1101.

Corolla hexapetala.
Stamina utplurimum
connata. Germen

subrotundo-triquetrum,
pedicellatuin, extra
spatliam.

1. MuCRONATUM;

S. caule simplici,
ancipiti, foliisque an-
gustissimo ; spatha
colorata; valva alte-
ra in mucronem long-
um desinente.

Mich. 2. p. 33. Pursh 1. p, 31.
S. berraucliana.? Walt. Iil9.

Corolla 6-petalIed.
Stamens generally u-
nited. Qermen tri-
quetrous nearly round,
pedicellate, projecting
out of the spatlie.

Stem simple, com-
pressed and with the
leaves very narrow ;
spathe coloured ; one
valve extending into a
long point.

Nutt. l.p. 25.

152

MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA.

Root fibrous, perennial. Leaves resembling the blades of grass, 4— 6
inches long, vey narrow, acute, generally tinged with blue at base Flow-
SS rather longer than the leaves, compressed Flotaers m 2 ? termi-
nal clusters, each ^5 flowered; common ^^f ^,^ ^^'^''^rZewS
acute, unequal, 1 longer than the flowers; partial sheaths small soniew at
membranaceous, each enveloping the base of a single peduncle Pedun-
cles 5-6 lines long. Calj/x 0. Petals bright blue ema^-ginate, mucio-
nate, expanding. Filaments 3, shorterthan the corolla, "-^ed into a tube.
Germ inferior, globose. Style triquetrous, a little longer than the sta-
men! S^mal, ^cute. Capsule globose, 3-valved, 3-celled Seed.

^^ Grows'irmeadows and damp land along the range of mountains from
Pennsylvania to Carolina.

2. Bermudiana.

S. caule ancipiti,
ramoso, folioso; spa-
this muticis flore bre-
vioribus ; petalis mu-
cronatis; foliis ensi-
formibus.

Stem compressed,
branching, leafy,

spathes unawned,
shorter than the flow-
ers ; petals mucro-
nate ; leaves ensi-
form.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 578. Mich. 2. p. 33. Nutt. l.p.25.
S. Palmifolium ? Walt. 219.

Root perennial, fibrous. Stem erect, 12-18 inches high, generally di-
vided near the summit into two unequal branches, compressed, striate, ve-
ry glabrous. Leaves ensiform, very acute, glabrous, shorter than the stem.
Flowers in terminal clusters ; common spathe 2-leaved each leaf sheath-
ing acluster of 4or 5 flowers, flowers longer than the sheath, proper
spathe one small membranaceous leaf at the base of each peduncle. Petals
6, oval, emarginate, mucronate, hairy, of a very bright azure colour ye -
low and united jusi at the base. Stamens shorter than the corolla uni-
ted into a tube. Anthers conspicuously 2.1obed at base. Germ inferior,
elobose, hairv. Style longer than the stamens Stigmas acute, glandu-
lar. Capsule furrowed, htiry, 3-valved, 3-celled. Seeds many in each
cell, globose, dotted, attached to a central receptacle.

Grows in stiff, damp, clayey soils.

Flowers March — May.

3. Anceps.

S. scapo ancipiti,a-
lato,simplici,subaphyl-

Scape compressed,
winged; simple, gen-

MONADELPHiA PENTANDRlA.

155

lo 5 spatlia subquadii-
flora, iiiaeqiiali, flori-
bus longiore ; petalis
muci oiiatis ; foliis en-
siformibus.

erally without leaves;
spatlie commonly 4-
flowered, unequal, long-
er than the flowers ;
petals mucronate ;
leaves ensiform.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 579. Pursh 1. p. 31. Nutt. 1. p. 25.

This is generally considered as our common species, but all the plants
which I have examined, and those which have been sent me under this
name, all agree in character with the S. Bermudiana, so far at least as to
have their spathes manifestly shorter than their flowers.

It is said to be smaller than the preceding species and its flowers to b^
much less conspicuous.

Grows in dry hills and pastures from Canada to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July — August. Pursh.

PENTANDRlA.

PASSIFLORA. Gen Pl. 509.

Calyx 5-partitus.
Petala S^calyci inser-
ta. NectaiHum coro-
na filamentosa. Styli
3. Pepo pedicellata.

1. I

NCARNATA.

P. foliis trilobis,
serratis, lobis oblong-
is, acutis ; petiolis bi-
glandulosis ; invohicro
triphyllo, folioHs lan-

ceolatis

glandiilo^-'

VOL. II.

Calyx 5-parted.
Petals 5, inserted on
the calyx. Nectary
a filamentose crown.
Styles three. Fruit
(pepo or berry) pedi-
cellate.

Leaves 3 Iobed,ser-
rate, lobes oblong, a-
cute; petioles bearing

2 glands ; involucrum

3 leaved, leaves lan-
ceolate with glandular

154

MONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.

dentatis ; filis coronae
corolla longioribns.

teeth; rays of the
crown longer than the
corolla.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 621.
445. Nutt. 2. p. 78.

Walt. p. 233. Mich. 2. p. 39- Pursh 2. p.

Root perennial, composed of thick, fleshy, creeping fibres, sometimes
swelling into tubers. Stem herbaceous, voluble, sometimes climbing 20
to 30 feet high. Leaves alternate, finely pubescent along the veins, the
lateral lobes unequal, the intermediaite lanceolate, all serrate and slightly
acuminate. Petioles about an inch long. Tendrils axillary, 6 — 8 inch-
es long, spiral towards the summit. Flotoers axillary, solitary, on a
jointed peduncle 3 — 5 inches long. Jnvolucrum situated near the jbint
of the peduncle ; leaflets short, obovate, acuminate. Calyx 5-part-
ed, pubescent ; segments oval, slightly angled on the back with a pro-
jecting point near the summit. Petals 5, oval, as long as the calyx to
the base of which they are attached, white. Nectary in a triple series,
the 2 exterior composed of radiating filaments as long as, or longer than the
corolla, forming a double crown, purple with a pale nearly white circle at
some distance from the centre; the interior composed of short, erect, incar-
nate rays, surrounding the base of the pedicel of the germ. Filaments 5,
about half an inch long, compressed, speckled, attached to the summit of
the pedicel of the germ, united at base into a tube. Anthers incumbent^
oblong. Germ superior, oval, pubescent, supported on a speckled pedi-
cel nearly half an inch long. Styles 3, slightly recurved, thickened near
the summit. Stigmas globose, viscid. Berry? oval, glabrous, about the
size of an egg, covered with a leathery coat, pale yellow when ripe. Seeds ■
very numerous, small, enveloped in a gelatinous edible pulp.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers May to July.

2. L

UTEA.

P. foliis cordatis,
trilobis, obtusis, gla-
bris ; petiolis egland-
ulosis ; pedunculis ax-
illaribus.geminis ; pe-
talis calyce duplo an-
gustioribus.

Walt. 2. p. 23.

Leaves cordate, 3-
lobed, obtuse, gla-
brous ; petioles with-
out glands ; peduncles
axillary, by pairs ;
petals much narrower
than the calyx.

Mich. 2. p. 37' Pursh 2. p. 444.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 615.
Nutt. 2. p. 78.

Root perennial, composed of thick an* somewhat fleshy fibres. Stem
herbaceous, slender, climbing over small shrubs, a little hairy. Leaves

RIONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.

,155

small, obtusely 3 lobed, of a very pale green, smooth on the upper sur-
face. Peduncles 1 — 2 inches long, eacli bearing a single flower. Flow-
ers small, the lictals and nectary of a greenish yellow colour. The fruit
small.

Grows in close damp soils, very generally diflused over the country but
not very common.

Flowers May — July.

OPLOTHECA. NuTTALL.

Calyx duplex, ex-
terior dipliyllus, trun-
catus ; interior longi-
or, monopliyllus, 5 fi-
dus, tomentosus. Co~
rolla 0. Utriculus

moiiospermus, calyce
muricato incliisus.

Calyx double, the
exterior two leaved^
truncate; the interior
longer, one leaved, 5
cleft, tomentose. Co-
rolla 0. Utriculus
one seeded, inclosed
in the muricate calyx*

1. F

LORIDANA:

Nutt. 2. p. 79-

Root perennial ? Stem herbaceous, erect, sparingly branched towards
the summit, pubescent, 3 to 4 feet high, tumid at the joints with long in-
ternodes. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear lanceolate, entire, a little sca-
brous on the upper surface, lanuginous underneath. Flowers in long com-
pact spikes 1 — 3 inches long, forming a loose straggling terminal panicle.
Exterior Calyx membranaceous, half the length of the interior — the inte-
rior ovate, slightly compressed, 5 cleft at the summit and covered with a
cotton like tomentum. Staminiferous tube (Lepanthium) cylindric bear-
ing 5 stamens nearly as long as the interior calyx. Seed finally inclosed
by the interior calyx which hardens and becomes muricated with 2 crested
margins and 2 dorsal protuberances on each side near the base.

This plant which has been very acurately described by Mr. Nuttall
was first found by Dr. Baldwin in Florida. It grows very abundantly on
the high pine ridges between the Flint and Chatahouchie rivers along the
Federal road.

Flowers through the summer.

156

MONADELPHIA OCTANDRIA. DECANDRIA,

OCTANDRIA.

PISTIA. Gen Pl 1112,

Calyx spatha tubu
losajCucuUata, liiigiila-
ta. Corolla 0. Fi-
lamenta lateralia, 3 —
8. Capsula 1 locula-
ris, polysperma.

Calyx a tubular cu-
culate spathe, strap
shaped. Corolla 0.
Filaments lateral, 3 —
8. Capsule 1 celled,
many seeded.

1. S

P\THULATA.

Mich.

P. foliis in petiolum
abrupte angustatis,
superne dilatatis, ro-
tundato obtusis.

Leaves abruptly
narrowed into a peti-
ole, dilated, round and
obtuse towards the
summit.

Mich. 2. p. 162. Pursh 1. p. 268. Nutt. 2. p. 80.

A floating aquatic. Leaves all radical, expanded in a circle. Flowers
axillary, subsessile, solitary, white. Nuttall.

This plant, which is said to grow in the stagnant waters and streams of
Florida and the southern jjarts of Georgia, I have not seen.

Flowers through the whole summer.

DECANDRIA.

GERANIUM. Gen Pl. 1118.

Calyx 5 phyllus.
Petala 5 regularia.
Stamina 10. Sttg'

Calyx 5 leaved.
Petalr 5 regular. Sta-
meAs 10. Stigmas 5.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

157

mata 5. Arilli 5, mo-
nospermi;, aristati.

1. Carolinianum.

G. diifiisum, piibes-
ceiis ; foliis oppositis,
5-Iobis, lobis trifido-
iiicisis ; pediinculis bi-
floris; petalis emar-
giiiatis, loagitiidine
calycis, aristatisj aril-
lis villosis.

Arilli 5, one seeded,
awned.

Diffuse, pubescent;
leaves opposite, 5 lo-
bed, lobes three cleft;
peduncles two flower-
ed ; petals emargi-
nate as long as the
calyx, awned ; arils
villous.

Walt. p. 175. Mich. 2. p. 38. Pursh 2. p. 449.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 711.

Nutt. 2. p. 80.

Root annual, fusiform. Stem procumbent and assurgent^ di and tricho-
tomously divided, pubescent witli the hairs reflected. Leaves opposite at
the division of the stem, 5 — 7 lobed, the lobes generally 3 cleft and the
segments again notched and divided, the margins of the leaves as well as
the stem are frequently tinged with purple. Petioles 4 — 6 inches long.
Stipules 2, subulate, at the base of each petiole. Flottiers'm the division
of the stem. Peduncles 2 — 4 inches long, 2 flowered. Cali/x 5 leaved,
angled, persistent; leaves ovate, 3 nerved, fringed and mucronate. Petals
obovate, emarginate, hairy at base, pale purple, as long as the calyx. Sta-
mens 10, about half as long as the corolla, 5 exterior and a little shorter
than the others; all slightly united at base but scarcely monadelphous. Nec-
tary ? 2 yellow glands at the base of each shorter filament. Germ superi-
or, very villous. Styles 5} united. Stigmas 5, thick, oblong. Arilli
black, hairy, mucronated with the straight persistent style. Seeds 2 in
each arillus, oval.

Grows in all cultivated grounds very abundantly.
Flowers from March to May.

2. Maculatum.

G. erectum, retror-
sum pubescens ; caule
dichotomo ; foliis op-
positis 3 — 5 partitis,
incisis ; pedunculis e-

Erect, retorsely pu-
bescent ; stem dicho-
tomous ; leaves oppo-
site, 3 — 5 parted,
notched ; peduncles

158 RIONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

longatis bifloris ; pe- | long,2 flowered; petals
talis obovatis. | obovate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 705. Walt. p. 175. Mich. 2. p. 38. Pursh 2. p. 448.
Nutt. 2. p. 80.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem 6 — 12 inches high, sparingly divided j
pubescent with the hairs reflected. Root leaves on long petioles ; stem
leaves opposite, the upper pair nearly sessile ; all 5 parted, the lobes
obovate, notched and toothed, pubescent. Peduncles few, terminal, 2
flowered. Calyx hairy, conspicuously mucronate. Corolla purple. Pe-
tals twice as long as the calyx, not emarginate.

The flowers of this species are conspicuous and ornamental.

Grows in the rich oak lands of the upper country.

Flowers April — May.

SCHRANKIA. Willd.

Calyx tubulosus, 5 | Calyx tubular, 5
dentatus. Petala 5. toothed. Petals 5.

Stamina 8 — 10 exer- i Stamens 8 — 10 ex-
ta. Siliqua 4 valvis. | serted. Pod 4 val-

ved.

1. U

NCINATA.'

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1043. Pursh 1. p. 305. Nutt. 2. p. 81.
Mimosa Intsia. Walt. p. 252.
Mimosa horridula. Mich. 2. p. 254.

Moot perennial. Stem herbaceous, prostrate, 2 — 3 feet long, angled,
thickly armed with retrorse uncinate prickles, heaves alternate, abruptly
bipinnate. Common petioles about 3 inches long, angled, prickly and gla-
brous like the stem, pinnate, opposite. Leaflets small, nearly elliptic, gib-
bous at base, thinly sprinkled with hair, irritable, closing at the touch as
quickly and as completely as any species of the Mimosa. Flowers nu-
merous, aggregated in spherical heads. Peduncles in pairs, axillary, from
1 — 2 inches long, prickly like the stem. Calyx very minute, 5 toothed.
Corolla tubular, small, but many times longer than the calyx, 5 cleft, of a
bright purple. Stamens generally about 10, 2 — 3 times as long as the
corolla, slightly cohering at base. Anthers incumbent, 2 lobed, some-^
what elliptic, yellow. Germ superior, long, slender. Style as long as
the stamens. Stigma simple. Legumen oblong, prickly, 4 valved.
Seeds several in each valve.

Grows in dry sandy pine barrens.

Flowers from May — July, — perhaps through the summer.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

159

POLYANDRIA:

SIDA. Gen Pl. 1129.

Calyx simplex, an-
giilatus. Stylus mul-
tipartitus. Capsulce
plurcs, 1 — 3 spermae.

1. Gracilis. E.

caule gracili,
; foliis lineari-

S.
glabro ^

bus serratis ; pedun-
culis solitariis, axil-
laribusjlongitudiiie pe-
tiolorum; capsiilis (10)
bicornibus^ glabiis.

Calyx simple, an-
gled. Style many
parted. Capsules nu-
merous, 1 — 3 seeded*

Stem slender, gla^
brous ; leaves linear,
serrate ; peduncles so-
litary, axillary, as
long as the petioles;
capsules (10) two
horned, glabrous.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem herbaceous, 2 — 3 feet high, glabrous,
sparingly branched and with the branches very slender. Leaves alternate,
obtuse at base, glabrous, sometimes sprinkled with a few hairs ; the low-
er ones narrow, lanceolate. Petioles 4 — 8 lines long, pubescent. Sti-
pules linear, as long as the petioles. Calyx 1 leaved, angled, persistent,
a little hairy, 5 cleft. Petals 5, expanding, striate, yellow, obovate with
the summit obliquely sinuate. Staminiferoiis column short, pubescent,
many cleft; segments 3 — 4 lines long. Anthers incumbent. Germs
superior, depressed, glabrous. Style as long as the stamens, many cleft.
Stigmas capitate. Capsules 10, united in a depressed spherical head, gla-
brous. Seed 1 in each capsule, reniform.

Grows in sandy soils upon the Sea Islands. Common about Beaufort.

Flowers August — September.

2. HiSPIDA.

S. hispido-pilosa ;
foliis lanceolatis, ser-
ratis ; pedunculis soli-

Hispid ; leaves lan-
ceolate, serrate ; pe-
duncles solitary, axil-

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

160

tariis, axillaribus,lon- 1 lary, as long as the pe-
gUudine petiolorum ; tioles ; extenor calyx
calyce exteriore fill- fihiorm.
formi. Pui sh 2. p.
452.

Among the undetermined specimens in my herbarium, 1 have one wh.ch

«,ay possibly belong %'^^ ^'^^['^' •^,,^,, high, branching, tomentose ra-

Root perennial ? ^tem 1 - i » » & lanceolate, somewhat rhom-

therthanhispid, pubescence «^f^^^\^/;^^^^^^^^^^ 1_2 lines long.

boidal, --^^>-.^«^^^^^^^^^^^ a'nd so nearly sessile tl^t

Floioers on small ax lUuy ^^an^n fasciculated. Sttpnles

^'rite^'ht^tS-^ a^^ ^^*^^^ ^"^"^"'

toy PeS'yellol, a little longer than the calyx.

The mature capsule I have not seen, specimens the stipules

Grows in sandy soils.
Flowers July— August.

3. Rhombifolta.

S. foliis oblongo-
lanceolatis, cientatis,
basi cuneiformibus, in-
tegerrimis; peduncu-
lis petiolis multo lon-
gioribus; capsulis bi-
cornibus.

Leaves oblong, Ian-'
ceolate, toothed, cu-
neate and entire at
base; peduncles much
longer than the peti-
oles ; capsules two
horned.

Sp pi 3. p. 740. Mich. 2. p. 43. Pu.sl,2.p.452. Nu«.2.p.81.

Hoc, perennial,. o,o„.erous«e«s„ff„,ico.^

ing, covered as well as the "•^'H'^^^'^' °',( ^ hahy on the upper surface
bescence. !«««''■" ''''''T 1,1T: o_3lto long. Stipuks seta-
.lightly glaucous tmclerneath FeUoh^ ;T^,t ' "^^ gen?r.,l solitary. Pe-

capsule.

Grows in dry pastures.
Flowers from July— October.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

161

4. S

PINOSA.

S. caiile patulo, ax-
illis subspinosis ; Ibliis
cordato-ovatis, den-
talis ; peduiiciilis so-
litariis,axillaribus; sti-
piilis setaceis, pedun-
culo longioribiis; cap-
sulis birostratis.

i«g^

Branches expand-
witli the axils
somewhat spiny ;

leaves cordate ovate,
toothed ; peduncles
solitary, axillary; sti-
pules setaceous, long-
er than the peduncles;
capsules two horned.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 736 Walt. p. 176. Mich. 2. p. 43. Pursh 2. p. 452.

Roof annual ? Ste7n 1—2 feet high, branching, pubescent. Leaves
alternate, ovate, very obtuse or cordate at base, coarsely serrate, pubes-
cent, particularly on the under surface. Petioles about an inch long.
Stipules setaceous, erect. Floioers axillary, solitary. Peduncles 1—2*
lines long. Cahjx angled, pubescent. Tube short'; border deeply 5-
cleft. Petals obovate, yellow, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamini-
ferous column about half as long as ihe corolla. Style longer than the
stamens, 5-cleft. Capsules 5, with 2 erect beaks, hairy on the angles
united in an ovate head. '

I have seen notliing in this plant, as growing with us or in the speci-
mens that have been sent me, which could authorise the trivial name of
Spinosa.

Grows in sandy soils.

Flowers May — July.

5. C

RISPA.

oblongo-

S. foliis
cordatis, acuminatis,
crenatis, summis ses-
silibus ; pedunculis so-
litariis, petiolo longio-
ribus, fructiferis "de-
flexis ; capsuHs infla-
tis, muticis, undulato-
crispis.

Leaves oblong, cor-
date, acuminate, cre-
nate, the upper ones
sessile ; peduncles so-
litary, longer than the
petiole, deflected when
in fruit ; capsules in-
flated, unawned, wav-
ed and curled.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 747. Pursh 2. p. 453.
VOL. II. S

t6^

IHONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

With this plant I am unacquainted.

Grows on the sea coast of Carolina.
Flowers July to September.

Flowers white, small.
Pursh.

Pursh-

6. Abutilon,

S. foliis subrotun.
do-cord atis, acumina-
tis, dentatis, tomento-
sis ; peduncuHs solita-
riis, petiolo breviori-
bus ; capsulis biaris-
tatis, truncatis.

Leaves cordate,
nearly orbicular, acu-
minate, toothed, to-
mentose ; peduncles
solitary, shorter than
the petiole ; capsules
two awned, truncate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 750. Pursh 2. p. 453.

Root annual. Stem erect, 2 — 6 feet high, branching, covered like the
leaves with a very soft tomentum. Leaves alternate, nearly orbicular,
acuminate, deeply cordate, crenulate, 4 — 6 inches in diameter. Petioles
4 — 6 inches long, pubescent. Stipules subulate, caducous. Peduncles
axillary, solitary, 3-flowered, sometimes compoundly 3-flowered, general-
ly maturing only the fruit of one flower. Peduncles 1 — 1 1-2 inches long,
pointed towards the summit. Bracteas two at each joint, lanceolate,
acuminate, 3 — 4 lines long, caducous. Calyx somewhat campanulate,
scarcely angled. Petals obovate, obliquely emarginate, a Ihtle longer
than the calyx. Staminiferous tube shorter than the corolla, many part-
ed. Style pubescent, as long as the stamens, many (12 — 14) parted.
CapSides 12 — 14, hairy, conspicuously 2-horned, collected into a cam-
panulate head. Seeds 3 in each capsule, renilbrm, glabrous.

Grows in the middle country of Carolina and Georgia, very luxuriant-
ly in the river swamps near Granby, S. C.
Flowers May July.

MALVA. Gen. Pl. 1134.

Calyx duplex, ex-
terior 3-phyllus. Pe'
tola 5. Cajjsulce plu-
rimae, evalves, 1-sper-
mae.

Calyx double, the
exterior 3-leaved. Pe-
tals 5. Capsules nu-
merous, without
valves, one seeded.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

16^

1. RoTUNDIFOLIA.

M. caule prostrate;
foliis cordato-orbicu-
latis, obsolete 5-lobis;
pedunculis fructiferis
declinatis.

Stem prostrate ;
leaves cordate^orbicu-
lar, obscurely 5-lobed;
peduncles declining
when in fruit.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 786. Pursh 2. p. 454-

Root perennial. Stem procumbent, 1—2 feet long, hairy. Leaves al-
ternate, nearly round, cordate, 5—7 lobed, a little hairy; lobes very ob-
tuse. Petioles 5—8 inches long, when young almost hispid. Flotoers in
small axillary clusters. Peduncles 4—6 lines long. Exterior Calyx 3-
leaved ; leaves subulate, as long as the interior. Interior 1 -leaved 5-cleft
both hairy. Corolla white, scarcely longer than the calvx. Stdminife-
rous tube and style shorter than the corolla. Style many"' cleft. Capsules
numerous, collected in a flattened orbicular head. Seeds 1 in each can-
sule. ^

An exotic becoming naturalized in qur country.
Grows about buildings.
Flowers May to July.

. 2. Caroliniana.

M. foliis 5 1obis
palmatisve,inciso-den-
tatis ; pedunculis peti-
olo longioribus ; peta-
lis integris; fructu vil-
loso ; caule prostrate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 784. Walt. p. 176.

Root annual ? Stem prostrate, branching, a little hairy. Leaves al-
ternate, very obtuse or cordate at base, 3—5 lobed, with the lobes vari-
ously dissected, a little hairy. Stipules 2 at the base of each petiole,
small, ovate-lanceolate ciliate when young. Floioers axillary, solitary.
Peduncles about an inch long. Exterior Calyx 3-leaved ; leaves linear,
lanceolate, shorter than the interior calyx. Interior calyx 1-leaved, some-
what campanulate, 5-cleft, both hairy. Petals 5, spathulate, nearly round
at the summit, red and longer than the calyx. Staminiferous column.
short. • Anthers 12—15. Germ very hairy. Style as long as the sta-
mens, many cleft, 15^20. Stigmas globose, dark red. Caimdcs mx-

Leaves 5-lobed or
palmate, notched and
toothed ,• peduncles
longer than the peti-
oles ; petals entire ;
fruit villous ; stem
prostrate.

Mich. 2. p. 44. Pursh 2. p. 454.

164

MONADELPHIA FOLYANDRIA.

merous, 15 — 20, hispid, 2-hornerl, united in a truncated head. Seeds 2
in each capsule, compressed, nenrlv round, emarginate at base.

Grows very common about buildings and in rich soils.

Flowers April — June.

3. A

BUTILOIDES.

M. foliis 5-angu-
lari-lobatis, tomento-
sis ; pedimculis siib-4-
floris, bifidis, axillar-
ibiis ; capsiilis poly-
spermis.

gular

Leaves with 5 an-
lobes, tomen-
tose; peduncles 2 cleft,
generally 4-flowered,
axillary; capsules ma-
ny seeded.

Sp. pi. 3. p. TSO. Pursh 2. p. 454.

This plant, a native of the Bahama Islands, I have never seen growing
in an indigenous state in this countrj^. I believe it is sometimes cultiva-
ted in gardens.

MALOPE. Gen Pl. 1136.

Calyx duplex, ex-
terior 3-phyllus. Cap-
sulce absque or dine
glomeratae^ monosper-
mae.

1. Malacoides.

M. foliis oblongis,
obtusis, integris, cre-
natis, supra glabris ;
pedunculis solitariis^
axillaribus.

Calyx double, the
exterior 3-leaved.
Capsules clustered
without order, one
seeded.

Leaves oblong, ob-

tuse, entire, crenate,
glabrous on the up-
per surface ; pedun-
cles solitary, axillary.

Gen. PI. 1136. Walt. 176. Pursh 2. p. 455. Nutt. 2. p. 82.

Plant annual, 12 — 18 inches high, sparingly branched. Stern nearly
covered towards the summit with white transparent hair. Leaves ovate,
dentate, very obtuse at base, nearly glabrous on the upper surface, hairy
alpng the veins irfiderncath. Petioles al?out an inch long. Flowers ax-

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA,

165

iLary, solitary. 5^/>«/^« lanceolate, hairy. Perhmcle.^ 2—3 lines lono-
t^xterior Calyx setaceous, nearly as lon^ as tlie interior. Interior 5-cleft
both han-y. Petals about twice as Ion- as the calyx, yellow. Sta?mni-
ferous tube and sf,,lc about as long as the calyx. Capsules hispid, collec-
ted in a depressed globular head. Seeds 1 in each capsule, compressed
emargmate at base. • ' r j

This is the plant which has been referred to by I\Ir. Nuttall as seen in
my herbarium. I have little doubt that it is the JDlant described as\a Ma-
lope by Walter. I must howtyer add that a specimen sent to me from
Pennsylyania by Dr. Muhlenberg, as the Malya Americana, is unquestion-
ably the same plant; it certainly is not the Malya Americana of Willde-
now although it apparently belongs to that genus. I did not howeyer ex-
amine the only living plant I hayc seen with sufficient care to enable me
now to arrange it with any thinsf like certainty.

Grows probably near the mountains from Pennsylyania to Carolina —
1 he plant I saw sprung up in a box, where seeds from the central Dis-
tricts of \ irginia had been planted, in soil dug from the pastures around

HIBISCUS.

Calyx duplex, ex- | Calyx double, the
tenor polypliyllus. i exterior many leaved.

Petala 5. Capsulm
5-locuIares, polysper-
mae.

1. MoSCHEUTOS.

H. foliis ovatis, a-
cuminatis, serratis,
subtrilobis, sub-5-ner-
vibus, subtus incano-
tomentosis ; petiolis
floriferis ; calycibus
tomentosis ; capsulis

glabris.

Petals 5. Capsules
5 -celled, many seed-
ed.

Leaves ovate, acu-
minate, serrate, gene-
rally 3.1obed and 5-
nerved, hoary and to-
mentose underneath ;
petioles bearing the
flower ; calyx tomen-
tose ; capsules gla-
brous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 806. Mich. 2. p. 47. Pursh2p.455. Nutt. 2. p. 82.

Root perennial. Stem as in all the rest of the species, herbaceous or
suffruticose, erect, 4-6 feet high, branching, a little rough, and purple.

161^

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

Leaves as in all of the genus alternate, ovate, acuminate, entire, obtuse-
ly toothed, 3-nerved, cordate ; above sprinkled with short hair, under-
neath tonientose and glaucous. Petioles 1—2 inches long. Flowers
growing towards the summit of the stem, solitary, axillary, attached to the
petiole. The proper peduncle about an inch long, pubescent. The pe-
tiole after the junction of the peduncle, dilated and obtusely winged.
Calyx persistent,pubescent; the exterior 15 leaved, leaves subulate, acute,
about half as long as the mterior calyx : the interior 1-leaved, campanu-
late, 5-parted, with the segments acuminate and nerved. Petals obovate,
white, with a purple base, pubescent on the outer surface, 3—4 inches
long. The staminiferous column 1—2 inches long, furrowed, toothed at
its naked summit. Proper Filaments 4—6 lines long, growing by pairs.
Germ superior, ovate, glabrous, 5-furrowed. Style shorter than the co-
rolla, 5-cleft at the summit. Stigmas nearly spherical, glandular, white.
Capsule ovate, 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds many in each cell, obovate.

Grows on the margins of ponds.

Flowers from June to September.

2. Palustris-

H. foliis lato-ovatis,
obtuse-sei ratis, subti i-
lobis, S-nervibus, sub-
tus tomentosis ; pe-
dunculis axillaribus,
petiolo longioribus.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 808. Walt? p. 176.

Plant 3—4 feet high. Leaves rather broader than in the preceding
species, more generally angled or 3-lobed, glaucous underneath and con-
spicuously acuminated. Flotoers rather smaller than the H. Moscheutos,
(purple. Pursh.) inserted in the base of the petiole.

I feel doubtful whether Walter ever saw the real H. Palustris, and
whether his H. Moscheutos and Palustris are distinct species. This spe-
cies has never occurred to me in the low country of Carolina, and Pursh
speaks of it as a Northern plant.

Grows in wet soils.

Flowers July — September.

Leaves broad, o-;
vate, obtusely serrate,
generally 3-lobed, 3-
nerved, tomentose un-
derneath ; peduncles
axillary, longer than
the petiole.

Pursh 2. p. 455. Nutt. 2. p. ^^•

3. Grandiflorus.

H. foliis amplis, co-
riaceis, cordatis? trilo-

Leaves large, cori-
aceous, cordate, 3-io-

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

167

bis, uti inqiie tomento- I bed, tomentose on
SIS, subtus incanis ; | both surfaces, hoary

capsiilis tomentosis,
subtruiicatis.

underneath; capsules
tomentose, slightly
truncated.

Mich. 2. p. 46. Pursh 2. p. 455. Nutt. 2. p. 82.

.J Tvt~J ^^^'-i ^''''''' "-'^'y ^^'S^' 3-I«bed, covered ^vitll a soft

elvet ].ke tomentum .laucous on both surfaces though more conspicuoi^
ly so on the under Petioles 6 inches long. Peduncles axillary 2-4
nches long, jointed inserted at the base of the petiole. Calyx like the
leaves covered with a fine tomentum; the exterior 12 leavef p'/«/!
iiearly 6 inches long, obovate, ribbed, finely reticulate, flesh coloured
win a deep red base. Seeds as in all of the species, numerLsTeach
cell and generally attached in 2 rows to a central receptacle

Orows around ponds in the Southern parts of Georgia

J- lowers July— September. ^

4. Incanus.

H. foliis ovatis, a-
cuminatis, obtuse ser-
ratis, utrinque inca-
no-tomentosis ; pe-
dunculis axillaribus ;
calycibus tomentosis,
subaequahbus.

Leaves ovate, acu-
minate, obtusely ser-
rate, hoary and to-
mentose on both sur-
faces ; peduncles ax-
illary ; calyxes tomen-
tose, nearly equal.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 807. Pursh 2. p. 455.

5. VlRGINICUS.

H. undique tomen-
tosus ; foliis acumin-
atis, inaequahter den-
tatis, cordatis, inferi-
odbus indivisis, supe-

Tomentose; leaves
acuminate, unequally
toothed, cordate, the
lower undivided, the
upper oblong, 3-lobed;

i()8

MONADELPHtA POLYANDRIA.

racemes terminal ;
flowers cernuous; pis-
tills nodding.

rioribus oblongis^ tri-
lobis ; racemo ter-
minali ; floribus cer-
nuis ; pistillis nutan-
tibiis.

Sp. pi 5. p. 830. Mich. 2. p. 46. Pursh 2. p. 456.
H. Clypeatus. Walt. 177.

Stem 2 — 4 feet high, and with the leaves tomcntose and scabrous, the
lower and upper leaves cordate,ovate,acuminate,the intermediate and fully
grown S-lobed, the lateral lobes short and slightly angled, the petioles 1 —
4 inches Ion?. Flotvers in paniculate racemes. Peduncles about 2 inch-
es long. Calyx tomentose, the exterior 8 or 9 leaved, leaves subulate
and very narrow. Petals about 2 inches long, bright jturple, fringed and
hairy on the outer surface. Capsule hispid, 5-angled, with the angles
acute.

Grows in wet soils, very common on the Islands near the ocean.

Flowers July — September.

6. Carolinianus. Muhn

Leaves cordate, o-
vate, acuminate, ser-
rate, smooth on both
surfaces, sometimes
slightly 3-lobed ; flow-
ers purple ; seeds his-
pid.

H. foliis cordato o-
vatis, acuminatis, ser-
ratis, utrinque la^vi-
bus, inter dum Inevis-
sime trilobis ; floribus
purpureis ; seminibus
hispidis. E.

Stem 4 — 6 feet high, smooth. Leaves large, sometimes 6 inches long,
obscurely 3-lobed when old, veins prominent on the under surface. Pe-
tioles as'long as the leaves. Flowers axillary. Peduncles 2 — 3 inches
long, slightly ^hering to the petioles. Calyx a little scabrous, the exte-
rior 12 leaved. Petals 4 inches long, smooth on the outer surface and pu-
bescent on the inner. Capsule nearly round, hairy on the inside. Seeds
obovate, a little angled, hispid with short rigid hair.

This plant was raised in my garden from seeds collected by Mr. Oem-
bler on Wilmington Island, Georgia.

Flowers July — September.

7. MlLITARIS.

H. glaberrimus; fo-
liis 3-lobo-hastatis? a-

Glabrous; leaves 3
lobed, hastate, acumi-

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

169

cuminatis serratis; co-
rolla tiibulato-cam-
panulata ; capsiilis o-
vatis, acuminatis, gla-
bris ; seminibus Iiot
losericeis.

nate, serrate ; corolla
tubular, slightly cam-
panulate ; capsules o-
vate, acuminate, gla-^
brous; seeds silken.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 808. Pursh 2. p. 456.
H. Virginicus. Walt. 177-
H. Hastatus. Mich. 2. p. 45.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, smooth, 3 — 4 feet high, branching.
Leaves at first ovate lanceolate, afterwards hastate,serrate,the middle lobe
long and acuminate. Petioles long, terete. Flowers solitary, axillary.
Peduncles about 2 inches long, jointed. Exterior Calyx lO-leaved,
leaves subulate ; the interior 5-cleft. Petals about 3 inches long, obovate^
finely pubescent, of a pale rose colour, with a red base. Staminiferous
column, about 2 inches long, 5-cleft at the summit. Proper Filaments fre-
quently forked. Style 5-cleft at the summit, a little hairy. Capsule
ovate, 5-valved, 5-celled, glabrous, hairy within. Seeds obovate, hispid.

Grows along tlie margin of rivers in the middle and upper country^
found though rarely in the swamps near Savannah.

Flowers July — September.

8. S

CABER.

Stem scabrous; low^
er leaves cordate, an-
gled, the upper pal-
mate, 3 — 5 lobed; ca-
lyxes very hispid.

H. caule scabro; fo-
liis infimis cordatis,
angulatis, superiori-
bus palmatis, 3 — 5 lo-
bis; calycibus hispi-
dissimis.

Mich. 2. p. 45. Pursh 2. p. 457.
H. Aculeatus. Wah. 177

Root ^rennial. Stem about 3 feet high, very scabrous, covered as
well as the leaves, petioles, peduncles and calyx with small glands frequent-
ly coloured, from which proceed rigid hair. The early Leaves are said
by Walter to be angular, cordate and serrate — the upper are deeply 3 or
5 lobed, with the margins of the lobes irregularly dentate and ang/ed.
Petioles 1 — 2 inches long. Flowers solitary, axillary. P-dundes 2 — 3
lines long,not adhering to the petioles. Exterior Calyx 12-leaved, leaves
subulate, 2 cleft at the summit ; the interior caly ' twice as long as the ex-
terior, 5-cleft, the segments 3 ribbed. Petals about 3 inches long, hairy
VOL. II. Y

170

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

on the outer surface, yellow with a bright purple base. SlaminiferoHS co-
lumn, bright purple. Style and Stigmas yellow. Capsule hairy.

Grows in damp clayey soils.

Flowers from June to September.

9. Speciosus. Ait.

H, glaberrimus, fo-
liis palmatis, 5-paiti-
tis, laciniis liiieai i-lan-
ceolatis, acuminatis,
remote-serratis ; co-
rolla patula.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 822. Mich. 2. p.
H. Coccineus. Walter 177.

Very glabrous ;
leaves palmate, 5-par-
ted, the segments lin-
ear lanceolate, acumi-
nate, distantly serrate;
corolla expanding.

47. Pursh.
Bart.

2. p. 456.

Stem 4 — 6 — 7 feet high, branching. Leaves alternate, cordate, deeply
divided, the lobes irregularly toothed, the veins generally coloured. Peti-
oles 4 — 8 inches long,tinged with purple. Stipules very small, setaceous.
Floioers solitary, axillary. Peduncles 3 — 4 inches long, jointed near the
summit. Exterior cahfx 12 — 15 leaved; leaves subulate, a little shorter
than the interior. Petals 4 — 5 inches long, obovate, a little pubescent
near the base, of a deep red colour. Staminiferous column nearly as
long as the petals. Capsule glabrous, ovate, acute and somewhat angled.
Seeds pubescent.

I know not why the name of Bartram and Walter has been superseded,
it is at least as appropriate as that of Alton.

Found in damp soils in Florida apd perhaps in the southern parts of
Georgia. It is enumerated by Walter among the plants of Carolina, but
I have never seen it in the woods, although it is a common inhabitant of
our gardens.

Flowers from July to September.

GORDONIA. Gen Pl 1144.

Calyx 5-pIiyllus.
Petala 5, basi conna-
ta. Stylus 5-gonuSy
Stigmate 5-fido. Cap-
sula 5-locularis. Re-
ceptaculum centrale,
columnare. Semina
bina, ala foliacea.

Calyx 5-leaved.
Petals 5, connate at
base. Style 5-ang-
led. Stigma 5-cleft.
Capsule 5-celled. Re-
ceptacle central, co-
lumnar. Seeds two^
winged.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

in

1. L

ASIANTHUS.

G. foliis lanceolato
oblongis, glaberrimis,
nitidisjCoriaceis; flori-
bus loiige pedimcula-
tis ; capsulis conoi-
deis,,aciiminatis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 840. Walt. p. 177

Leaves lanceolate^
oblong, very glabrous,
shining, coriaceous ;
flowers on long pedun-
cles ; capsules conical,
acuminate.

Mich. 2. p. 44. Pursh 2. p 451.

A tree sometimes growing to 66 — 80 feet in height. Leaves alternate,
long, lanceolate, serrate, glabrous, lucid, coriaceous, perennial. Petioles
scarcely half an inch long. Floicers solitary, axillary towards the summit
of the branches. Feduncles 2 — 3 1-2 inches long, furnished towards the
summit with 2 or 4 caducous scales. Calyx 5-leaved, persistent ; leaves
ovate, nearly round, fringed and covered with a velvet like pubescence.
Petals 5, obovate, united at base with a staminiferous tube, the exterior
ones fringed on the outer surface. Stamens very numerous, not half as
long as the corolla, inserted on a 5-lobed tube. Anthers incumbent, j^el-
low. Germ superior, ovate, slightly angled. Style as long as the sta-
mens. Stigma 5-cleft. Capsule ovate, acuminate, 5-celled, 5-valved.

This tree, which when young is one of the handsomest in our forests-
begins to decay from the summit at a very early age. It is remarkable for
the superficial direction of its roots which appear to spread almost
entirely on the surface of the ground. The bark is said to be nearly, if
not quite equal to that of the oak for the uses of the tanner, and its wood
resembles mahogany in colour, but its grain is rather too coarse to be used
for fine articles of fnrniture.

Grows in springy landsjin shallow swamps, and particularly in what are
called turfy soils.

Flowers from May to August.

2. P

UBESCENS.

G. foliis cuneato,
lanceolatis, serrulatis,
subtus pubescentibus,
deciduis ; capsulis
spliericis.

Leaves cuneate,
lanceolate, serrulate,
pubescent underneath,
deciduous ; capsules
spherical.

A tree 40 — 50 feet high, spreading more widely than the G. Lasianthus,
the young branches very smooth and finely pubescent at the summit.
Leaves sessile, glabrous and lucid on the upper surface, pubescent under-
neath. Floioers solitary, axillary, on short thick peduncles. Leaves of
the calyx rouuded, covered with a silky tomentum. Corolla white, extetr

172

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

nally pubescent, segments obovate, slightly undulate. Stamens very nu-
merous, unequal, inserted into the thickened base of the corolla. Fila-
ments about one third the length of the corolla, orange coloured. Anthers
erect, yellow. Germ villous. Style short. Cajjsule nearly globular, 5-
celled.

The habitat of this tree appears to be very limited, a few trees were
found by Bartram near Fort Barrington on the Altamaha, and from the
same spot all the plants now in the gardens have been derived.

Flowers through the summer.

STUARTIA. Gen. Pl. 1142—1143.

Calyx 5 partitas.
Petala 5. Stigma

capitatum, sub 5-lo-
bum. Capsula 5-l(>-
cularis, 5-valvis, val-
vulis medio septiferis.
Semina 1 — 2^ ossea.

1. ViRGINICA.

S. foliis ovatis, a-
cuminatis; floribus ax-
illaribus siibbinis; ca-
lycibus ovatisjobtusis;
petalis iiitegiisj stylis
coalitis.

Calyx 5-partecL
Petals 5. Stigma ca-
pitate, somewhat 5-lo-
bed. Capsule 5-cel-
led, 5-valved, the
valves bearing the
partitions in the mid-
dle. Seeds 1 — 2, bo-
ny-

Leaves ovate, aciw
minale ; flowers axil-
lary, generally in pairs;
calyx ovate, obtuse ;
petals entire ; styles
united.

Mich. 2. p. 43. Pursh 2. p. 451. Nutt. 2. p. 84.
S. Malachodendron. Sp. pl. 3. p. 840. Walt. 176.

A handsome shrub 6-12 feet high, with branches a little geniculate and
when young pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, very pu-
bescent on the under smface. Petioles 2 — 3 lines long. Flowers nearly
sessile, axillary, generally solitary though sometimes by pairs. Bracteas
2 at the base of the calyx, ovate, acuminate, covered like the calyx with a
silken pubescence. Calyx X-leaved, campanulate, persistent, 5-cleft with
the segments mucronate. Petals 5, obovate, erose, a little hairy, white
and united at base with a staminiferous tube. Stamens much shorter than
the corolla, hairy at base, bright purple. Germs superior, ovale, hairy..

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

173

taperinsf to a short style. Sfisima capitate, 5-lobed. Capsnle? globose,
hniry, resemblinsf a jiiiceless pome, very austere to the taste, 5-celled-
Seeds 2 in each cell.

Grows in dry rich soils.

Flowers April — May.

2. Pentagyna.

S. foliis ovatis acu-
miiiatis ; floribiis ax-
illaribuSjSolitariis; ca-
lycibus lanceolatisjca-
lyciilatis ; petalis iin-
dulato incisis ; stylis
distinctis.

Leaves ovate^ acu-
minate ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary ; calyx
lanceolate, calyculate;
petals waved and
notched ; styles dis-
tinct.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 840. Pursh 2. p. 452. Nutt. 2. p. 84.
Malachodendron ovatum. Mich. 2. p. 43.

This species, which on account of its 5 styles has been proposed as a
distinct genus, appears too nearly allied to the preceeding to be separated
from it. In its general habit and appearance it closely resembles the S.
Virginica, its flowers however are rather larger, and of a cream colour ra-
ther than white.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers May — July.

HOPEA. G

EN. rL.

Calyx 5-fidus, su-
perus. Petala 5. Sta-
mina plurima, in 5
phalanges connata.
Stylus '1. Drupa
nuce triloculari.

1. T

INCTORIA.

Lin.

Calyx 5-cleft, su-
perior. Petals 5.
Stamens numerous,
collected in 5 pha-
lanxes. Style 1.
Drupe with a 3 celled
nut.

Mant. 105.

Walt. p. 189. Mich. 2. p. 42.
Symplocos Tinctoria. Willd.

Pursh 2. p. 451. Nutt. 2. p. 83.
Sp.pl. 3. p. 143^.

174 MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

A small tree, rarely exceeding 15 — 18 feet in height, and frequently
not growing beyond the size of common shrubs. Stem erect, branches
expanding, smooth, generally trichotomous. Leaves alternate, crowded
near the summit of the branches, lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, serru-
late, smooth and lucid on the upper surface, a little glaucous and pubes-
cent underneath. Petioles about half an inch long. Floioers sessile, in
axillary clusters, 6 — 14 in each cluster, 4 or more obtuse scales clothe the
base of each cal3-x. Calyx 1-leaved, campanulate, rather perigynous
than superior. Petals 5, oval, yellow, 5 times as long as the calyx. Fi-
laments numerous, united into 5 phalanxes, 5 — 7 in each phalanx, longer
than the corolla. Germ clothed at base with the calyx, 5 at the summit.
Style as long as the stamens. Stigma capitate.

This tree appears to ripen its fruit very sparingly in the low country,
its leaves afl'ord a yellow dye, are very sweet, and as they are nearly pe-
rennial they are eaten with avidity by cattle and horses during the winter
season.

Grows in all rich soils not liable to inundation.

Flowers in March.

DIADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.

CLi\SS XVW.

■ QjQiO-—

DIADELPHIA.

175

PEJTTAJVDRIA.

421 PETALOSTEMUM,

HEXANDRIA.

422 DICLYTRA,

423 CORYDALIS,

424 FUMARIA,

OCTAJVDRTA.

425 POLYGALA,

DECAA''DRIA,

^ 1. Stamens all connec-
ted, MONADELPHOUS.

426 AMORPHA,

427 ERYTHRINA.

428 LUPINUS,

429 CROTOLARIA,

§ 2. Stamens diAdelphous.
* Legume mostly l-seeded.

430 DALEA.

431 PSORALEA,

432 MELILOTUS,

433 TRIFOLIUM,

434 STYLOSANTHES,

435 LESPEDEZA.

** Legume many seeded^
generally articulated.

436 HEDYiARUM,

437 ZORNIA,

438 ^SCHYNOMENE,

439 SESBANIA,

*** Legume many seeded.
Stig/na pubescent.

440 LATHYRUS,

441 VICIA,

442 PHACA,

443 ASTRAGALUS,

**** Legu7ne many seeded,
1-celled, not included in
the preceeding sections.-,

444 PHASEOLUS,

445 STROPHOSTYLES,

446 DOLICHOS,

447 APIOS,

448 AMPHICARPA,

449 GLYCINE,

450 THYRSANTHUS,

451 GALACTIA.

452 CLITORIA,

453 ROBINIA,

454 INDIGOFERA,

455 TEPHROSIA,

456 MEDICAGO.

Hiit

PETALOSTEMUM. Mich,

Petala 4, stamini-
bus inteijecta iitraque
in tubum fissum con-
nata; vexilliim nullum,
ejus loco quintum pe-
talum. Legumen ca-
lyce tectum, l-sper-
mum.

Petals A, alterna-
ting with the stamens
and united with them
in a cloven tube, a
fifth petal occupying
the place of the vex-
illum. Legumen 1-
seeded, cloathed with
the calyx.

176

DIADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.

Spike cylindric, pe-
dunculate ; bracteas
subulate^as long as the
calyx; calyx glabrous;
leaflets lanceolate.

Nutt. 2.p. 85.

1, Carneum.

P. spica cylindrica,
pedunculata ; bracteis
subulatis, longitudine
calycis ; calycibus gla-
bris ; foliolis lanceo-
latis.

Mich. 2. p. 49. Pursh2. p. 461.

Root perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, glabrous. Leaves in aUernate
fasciculate chisters, pinnate, generally with three pair of leaflets and an
odd one. Leaflets linear lanceolate, entire, small. The common petiole
rarely an inch long, entu-e, glabrous. Flowers in terminal cylindrical
lieads. Bracteas subulate,when young much longer than the calyx, giv-
ing the spike a square appearance, but not longer than the calyx when in
flower. Calyx ovate, striate, glabrous, 5-toothed, deeply cloven on the
upper side, the teeth when young pubescent on the inner surface. Pe-
tals obovate, on long claws, the upper one larger than the rest and slight-
ly emarginate, all brilliantly white. Stamens and Style nearly as long
as the corolla.

This plant which grows in great abundance on the sand hills between
the Flint and Chatahouchie rivers, notwithstanding the colour of its co-
rolla agrees in too many respects with the P. Carneum of Michaux to be
separated from it without a careful examination of his original plant.
Specimens which I have received from Florida under this name differ
much in their general aspect from the one I have described. — There are
probably still some unknown species in the extensive pine forests along the
southern line of Georgia and in East-Florida.

Flowers July — August.

2. CORYMBOSUM.

P. pedunculis pani-
culato-corymbosis; ca-
lycibus plumosis ; fo-
liolis lineal ibus, muti-

cis.

Peduncles in pani-
cled corymbs ; calyx
plumose ; leaflets lin-
ear, unawned.

Mich. 3. p. 50. Pursh 2. p. 46l. Nutt. 2. p. 85.
Anon. Kuhniee Aftmis. Walt. p. 103.
Dalea Kuhnistera. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1337.

Root perennial. Stem erect, branching, glabrous, about 2 feet high.
Leaves generally 3—4 pair. Leajiets linear, entire, glabrous, dotted un-

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA,

177

clerneath. The common petioles scarcely an inch long. Stipules 2,
small, subulate, at the base of the petioles. Flowers in heads forming
terminal corymbs. Peduncles or small branches angled, roughened with
small glands. Bractea. a scale around the base of each flower, nearly
round, membranaceous, dotted, fringed, mucronate, sometimes with three
approximate points, the S or 10 mferior bracteas generally without flow-
ers, the lowest with their joints frequently dilated into leaves. Calyx
deeply 5-parted, the segments linear, plumose. Petals white, upper one
with a claw as long as the calyx and attached to its base, the 4 others al^
ternating with their stamens. Genus ovate, very villous. Style as long
as the stamens. Stigma simple, obtuse. Legumen small, included in the
calyx. Seed 1, oblong.

Grows in dry sandy pine barrens.

Flowers September— October.

HEXANDRIA.

DICLYTRA. MocNCK.

Petala 4, 2 exterio-
ra basi aeqiialiter cal-
carata aiit gibbosa.
Siliqua bivalvis, poly-
sperm a.

1, Formosa.

D. calcaribus 2,
subinciirvis, obtiisis ;

Petals 4, the 2 ex-
terior either gibbous
or bearing a spur at
base. Pod 2-valved,
many seeded.

Spurs 2, slightly
curved, obtuse ; scape

scapo nudo, racemo i naked ; raceme some-

subcomposito ;
mate biangulato.

stig-

what compound ; stig-
ma 2- angled.

De Candolle Sys. Nat. 2. p. 109.
Corydalis Formosa. Pursh 2. p. 462.

Nutt. 2. p. 86.

'Root tuberous, perennial. Leaves all radical, on petioles 4 — 6 inche?
long, deeply and triternately notched, with the segments acute. Scape 6
— 10 inches long, branching towards the summit. Flowers Somewhat
crowded on the scape. Bracteas subulate- Calyx 2-leaved, slightly
toothed along the margin. Corolla somewhat goblet shaped, of a bright

vor,. IT. z

178

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.

purple colour, the 2 exterior petals concave, with a short slightly in-
curved spur at base. Stamens 6, attached to the base of the petals.
Gertn oblong. Stigma sessile. Pod 2-valved, compressed, many seeded.

Grows in the fissures of the rocks on the mountains.

Flowers May — July.

CORYDALIS. V

ENTENAT.

Petala 4, iinicum
basi calcaratum. Si-
liqua bivalvis, com-
pressa, polysperma.

1* AuREA.

C. caiile ramosa^
diffusa ; foliis glaucis,
bipinnatisectis, lobis
bblongo linearibus ;
bracteis oblongis, acu-
minatis ; siliquis line-
aribus,pedicello quad-
ruplo longioribus. De
Candolle.

Willd. enum. 740. Pursh 2. p. 463. Nutt. 2. p. 86. De Cand.
Sys. Nat. 2. p. 125.

A plant slightly glaucous. Stem, 6 — 10 inches high, branching. Leaves
alternate,variously dissected, segments lmear,acute. Racemes opposite the
leaves and terminal. Bracteas linear, acuminate, nearly as long as the pe-
dicel. Calyx 2-leaved, very small. Petals yellow, about half an inch long.
^pur straight, obtuse, much shorter than the flower. Pod compressed,
slightly arched, pointed with the style.

I have specimens of this plant from Pennsylvania and from the moun-
tains of Carolina, in the latter the flowers appear ta be smaller, and the
leaves though dissected after the manner of the genus are much less ex-
tended and divided.

Grows among the mountains in the fissures of rocks.

Flowers May — July.

Petals 4, one bear-
ing a spur at base.
Pod 2-valved5 com-
pressed^ many seeded*

Stem branching,
diffuse ; leaves glau-
cous, doubly pinnati-
fid, the lobes oblong,
linear ; bracteas ob-
long, acuminate; pods
linear, four times as
long as the pedicel.

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

179

FUMARIA.

Petahim unicum ba-
si gibbum aiit calcar-
atum. Fructus (cari-
opsis) indeliiscens, 1-
sperma.

1. Officinalis,

F. siliculissloboso-
retusis; pedicellis fruc-
tifeiis erectis, bractea
diiplo longioribus; ra-
cemis laxiiisculis;caule
erecto; foliis supra de-
compositis, lobis lin-
earibus. De Cand.

One petal gibbous
or spurred at base.
Fruit (a cariopsis) 1-
seededj not opening.

Pods globose^ re-
tuse ; pedicels of the
fruit erect, twice as
long as the bractea ;
racemes loose ; stem
erect; leaves supra de-
compound, lobes linn

ear.

Pursh 2. p. 463. De Cand, Syst. Nat. 2. p. 134.

Root annual, fusiform. Stem 6 — 10 inches high, branching, and with
the whole plant glabrous and slightly glaucous. Leaves variously dissec-
ted, in general compoundly 3-parted, segments many cleft. Floivers in
racemes. Peduncles opposite the leaves, robust, and in general much
longer than the leaves. Calyx 2-leaved, very small. Petals 4, the low-
er one linear, free, the 3 upper united at base, bearing a spur, all purple,
deeply coloured at the summit. Stamens diadelphous, shorter than the
corolla. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule globose, smooth, 1-seeded.

An exotic now becoming naturalized in this country. Very commori
on James' Island and at Mr. Middleton's, Ashley river.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers in April.

OCTANDRIA.

POLYGALA, Gen. Pl, 1154.

Calyx 5-phyllus,
foliolis duobus alaefor-

Calyx 5-Ieaved, 2
of them wing shaped,

180

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

mibus^coloratis. Cap-
sula obcorclata^bilocu-
laris^ bivalvis.

^ Floribus axillar-
thus,

1. Paucifolia.

p. piimila; caulibus
simplicissimis, erect-
is, inferne nudis ; fo-
liis ovatis, acutis, gla-
bris ; floribus termi-
nalibus axillarib usque.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 880. Pursh 2. p. 464.

Plant 2 — 3 inches high. Root perennial. Stem glabrous, with small
ovate scales near the base. Leaves near the summit clustered, ovate,
acute,on short petioles. Flowers generally appear terminal and by threes,
sometimes axillary, and larger than in any other of our species. Pedun-
cles about half an inch long. The two lower leaves of the calyx small,
lanceolate, the upper larger, ovate, a little gibbous at base and compressed,
calycine wings as long as the corolla, bright purple. Corolla purple,
summit of the carina crested,

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
Flowers May — August. Pursh.

coloured. Capsule
obcordate^ 2-celIed, 2
valved.

* Floioers axillary.

Plant small ; stem
simple, erect, naked
at base ; leaves o-
vate, acute, glabrous;
flowers terminal and
axillary.

** Floribus race-
mosis^ spicatisve.

"^'^ Flowers in ra-
cemes or spikes.

2. PuBEscENs. Mulil. Cat.

P. pubescens; caule
erecto, ramoso ; foliis
oblongo lanceolatis, a-
cutis,subsessilibus; ra-
cemis laxis, terminali-
bus ; floribus pedun-

Pubescent; stem e-
rect.branching; leaves
oblong lanceolate, a-
cute, nearly sessile ;
racemes loose, termi-
nal 5 flowers on pcf

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

181

ciilatis, clemiim pendu
lis.

dimcles, finally pendu-
lous.

Nutt. 2. p. 87.

P. Senega, var. rosea, Mich. 2. p. 53.

var. b. Pursh 2. p. 465.

/?oo< perennial. Sfetii herbaceous, 8 — 12 inches high, with virgate
branches. Leaves alternate,on short petioles,strongly veined,soft and pu-
bescent. Peduncles 2 — 4 Hnes long. Bracteas minute,deciduous. Up-
per leaves of the calyx very small with glandular fringe, calycine wings
large jveined, persistent, at first tinged with pink, when old entii-ely gi'een.
Corolla rose coloured. VexiUum 0 ? Carina, three lobed, hairy at base,
the intermediate lobe compressed, enclosing the germ, yellow and slightly
tuberculated at the summit. Stamens 8, monadelphous, very short. An-
thers 1 -celled. Style long, bearded at the summit. Stigma obtuse. Pe-
ricarp oblong, slightly winged, pendulous. Seeds solitary, one in each
cell, hispid.

This is probably the P. Viridescens of Walter. The erect capsules as-
cribed by Walter to that species is the only point in which they appear to
differ.

Grows in drj'^ soils, very common.

Flowers from May to August.

3. POLYGAMA.

P. caule a basi ra-
mose ; foliis angiislis,
cuneato-lanceolatis;ra-
cemis terminalibus
corollatis, radicalibiis
apetalis liumistratis.

Stem branching
from the base; leaves
narrow, cuneate, lan-
ceolate; terminal ra-
cemes bearing a co-
rolla, those of the
root Avithout petals
and prostrate.

Nutt. 2. p. 75.

Wah. p. 179. Pursh 2. p. 465.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem about a foot high, branching at the ve-
ry base, glabrous, angled, almost winged by the decurrent leaf. Leaver
sessile, glabrous, with the margins rough, the lower ones almost obovate.
The Flowers on peduncles 2 lines long. Bractea as long as the pedun-
cle, deciduous. Stipules 2, setaceous, persistent, the calycine wings at
first bright purple, after flowering becoming green. Keel of the corolla
3-lobed, intermediate lobe fimbriated at the summit. Stamens very short,
7—8. Stt/le short. Stigma 2-lobed, with a globular plumose gland, at-
tached to the upper lip. Pericarp pendulous when mature. Seed l^airy.

182

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

The remarkable racemes of this plant, Avhich nm just under the sur-
face of the earth, have neither corolla nor calycine wings, yet appear to
ripen their seeds ; the florets near the end of these racemes are always
abortive.

If this plant is the P. Rubella of Willd. with which it appears very ac-
curately to agree, it is very widely extended over the United States,as Mr.
Nuttall found that species very abundant in the pine forests around Lake
Michigan.

Grows in light oak lands.

Flowers from May to July,

4. S

ENEGA.

P. caule erecto,sim-
plici ; foliis lanceola-
tis,acuminatisque; spi-
ca terminali, filiformi.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 894. Walt. p. 178.

Stem erectj simple;
leaves lanceolate, a-
cute and acuminate ;
spikes terminal, fili-
form.

Mich. 2. p. 53. Pursh 2. p. 464.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem 8 — 14 inches high, slightly pubescent.
Leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate and oval, sometimes very wide, when ful-
ly grown, generally acuminate. Flo7oers somewhat clustered in a termi-
nal spike, sessile, white. Seed hispid.

Grows jn the mountainous districts of Carolina.
Flowers June — August.

5. Verticillata.

P. caule erecto, ra-
moso ; foliis verticil-
latis, linearibus ; spi-
els setaceis, peduncu-
latis ; floribus dis-
tincte alternis^approx-
imatis.

Stem erect, branch-
ing ; leaves verticil-
late, linear; spikes se-
taceous, pedunculate ;
flowers approximate,
distinctly alternate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 897. Mich. 2. p. 53. Pursh 2. p. 466.

Stem 8 — 12 inches high, slightly angled. Leaves opposite, verticillate,
sometimes solitary, linear, acute, glabrous, finely serrulate. Bracteas
purplish, shorter than the calyx, deciduous. Calycine wings white, ting-
ed with purple. Corolla neaily white, fimbriate,with two segments, pro-

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

183

niinent. Stamens 6, very short. Capsule sessile, erect. Seeds slightly
hispid.

Grows in soils somewhat sandy.

Flowers June — July.

6. S

ETACEA.

P. caule setaceo,
subaphyllo^ simplici,
summitate subramoso;
foliis parvis, setaceis,
sparsis ; floribus mi-
nutis, dense spicatis.

seta-

Stem setaceous,
nearly leafless^simple,
sparingly branched
near the summit
leaves small,
ceous, scattered; flow-
j ers minute, in a com-
I pact spike.

Mich. 2. p. 52. Pursh 2. p. 485.

Stem erect, angled, divided at the summit into a few long, simple, seta-
ceous branches, almost aphyllous, bearing a few short scattered bristles.
Flowers mmute, incarnate, not crested. Mich.

Grows in Carolina. MicJ>.

Flowers July — August.

7. C

RtrCIATA.

Stem erect, branch-
ing, angled and wing-
ed ; leaves by fours,
linear, dotted; flowers
crowded, sessile, on a
squarrose rachis.

P. caule erecto, ra-
moso, alato-anguloso;
foliis quaternis, hnear-
ibus, punctatis; flori-
bus confertis, sessih-
bus, rachi squarrosa.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 897.

AValt. p. 179.

Mich. 2. p. 52. Pursh 2. p. 466,

^'fem 8— 12 inches high, angled, with the angles slightly win-ed.
Leaves generally by fours, sometimes an inch and a half long, tapering at
base. Spike termmal, 1-2 inches long. Bracteas persistent. Caly-
one ioings cordate oyate, acuminate, mucronate, pm-ple, tinged wi'th
green. Coro//a slightly fimbriate. Capsules smA

Grows m the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

15 lowers /nne^J^ulv. ^

184

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

8. Sanguinea.

p. caule fastigiatim
ramoso; foliis lineari-
bus ; spicis confertis ;
floribus imbeibibiis ;
rachi squarrosa. Nut.

Stem bearing fasti-
giate branches; leaves
linear ; spikes crowd-
ed ; flowers not fim-
briated; racliis squar-
rose.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 89G. Pluk. Mant. t. 438. f. 5. Nutt. 2. p. 88. Mich.
2. p. 52.

Stem 12 18 inches high, slijrhtly striate, branching near the summit.

Leaves linear, lanceolate,' sessile, alternate. Spikes, with us, generally
about an inch long. Bracteas persistent. Cah/cine wings obovate, long-
er than the capsule, of a bright pink tinged with green. Seeds hairy.

This plant agrees perfectly with the figure of Plukenet, and is therefore
in all probability, as suggested by Mr. Nuttall, the original P. Sanguinea of
Linnseus.

Grows in flat pine barrens, abundantly near Purysburgh.

Flowers jMay — July.

Stem bearing fas-
tigiate branches ;

leaves alternate, lin-
ear lanceolate; flowers
somewhat imbricate ;
spikes cylindrical, ob-
tuse; rachis squarrose.

9. Purpurea. Nutt.

P. caule subfastigi-
atim ramoso; fohis al-
ternis, lineari-lanceo-
latis ; floribus subim-
bricatis ; spicis cyhn-
dricis, obtusis ; rachi
squarrosa. Nutt. 2. p.
88.

p. Sanguinea. Pursh 2. p. 465.

Plant much more robust than in the preceding species, and in my spe-
cimens more irregularly branched, the Leaves much larger, the Spikes
more compact, the Cahjcine wings broader and more obtuse, green, tmg-
ed with purple, longer than the capsules.

Grows throughout the United States. Nutt.

I have never met with this species in the low country of Carolina; my
specimens are from Pennsylvania.

Flowers June — August.

DtADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

1S$

10. Incarnata.

p. caule simpliiis-
culo^erecto, glauco; fo-
liis sparsis, subulatis ;
spicis ovali oblongis ;
corollis tubo gracilj,
elongate.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 871. Walt. p. 178

Stem erect, simple, 1 — 2 feet high, slightly angled. Leaves alternate^
subulate, dotted, very glabrous. Flowers in a long and somewhat loose,
terminal spike. Bracteas subulate, caducous. Calycine loings oval,
green, with the margins tinged with pink. The keel of the corolla twice
as long as the calycine wings, bright purple. The lateral lobes crenate^
the intermediate lobe conspicuously fimbriate. Seeds hairy.

Grows in dry soils, preferring oak lands^.

Flowers May — August.

Stem nearly simple,
erect, glaucous; leaves
scattered, subulate ;
spikes oval, oblong ;
tube of the corolla
long, slender.

Mich. p. 52. Pursh 2. p. 464.

%%% Floribus capi"
tatis.

11. LdUTEA.

P. caule simplici ra-
mosoque; foliis inferi-
oribus spathulatis, su-
perioribus lanceolatis;
floribus globoso capi-
tatis, luteis ; alis ca-
lycinis lanceolatis, a-
cuminatis. E.

*^*^ Flowers capi"^.
late*

Stem simple or
branching ; lower

leaves spathulate, the
upper lanceolate; flow-
ers in globular heads,
yellow; calycine wings
lanceolate, acuminate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 894.
465, Nutt. 2. p. 88.

Walt. p. 178. Mich. 2. p. 54. Pursh 2. p.

Stem 8 — 16 inches high, generally simple,hut sometimes bearing a {e\f
branches. Radical leaves obovate and obtuse. Stem leaves lanceolate,
entire. Flowers in compact, globose heads. Bracteas persistent. Car
hjcme wings lanceolate, acuminate, bright yellow. Keel of the corolla
yellow, whh the intermediate segment fimbriate. Seed a little hairy.

Grows every where in damp soils.

Flowers through the whole summer.

VOL» II.

a2

186

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

12. ViRIDESCENS.

P. caule simplici; fo-
liis cuneato-obovatis,
obtusis ; capitiilis cy-
lindraceis, squarrosis;
floribus viridescenti-
bus ; alls calycinis
loiige acuminatis. E.

Stem simple; leaves
cuneate, obovate, ob-
tuse ; heads cylindii-
cai, squarrose; flowers
greenish ; calycine
wings conspicuously
acuminated.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 895. Nutt. 2. p. 88.
P. lutea var. nana. Mich. 2. p. 54.

Stem simple, 1 — 4 inches long. Leaves cuneate or spathulate, with the
attenuated base sometimes 2 inches long. Flowers in a long cylindrical
head. Cali/cine tchigs twice as long as the corolla, lanceolate, and with
a setaceous point, giving the head a squarrose appearance, green, just tin-
ged with yellow. Keel of the corolla yellowish at the summit, fimbriate.
Stamens, as in most of the capitate species, 6. Seeds a little hairy.

Grows in damp pine barrens.

Flowers through the summer.

***# Flowers
corymbs.

in

^%^% Floribus CO"
rymbosis,

13. Ramosa.

P. caule erectOjfere
ab imo ramoso ; foliis
inferioribus spathula-
to-obovatis, caulinis
linearibus, aequalibus ;
floribus capitato-co-
rymbosis.

p. Corymbosa. Nutt. 2. p. 89-

Stem 8 — 12 inches high, angled, branching sometimes almost from the
base. Lower leaves obovato, spathulate ; stem leaves linear, lanceolate,
nearly of the same size to the summit of the stem. Flowers in small
loose heads, forming a very irregular corymb. Calycine icings much long-
er than the capsule, oval, lanceolate, mucronate, but never forming com-
pact, squarrose heads as in the following species. Calycine wings and the

Stem erect, branch-
ing from the base ;
lower leaves spathu-
late obovate, stem
leaves linear, equal ;
flowers somewhat ca-
pitate, the heads form-
ing corymbs.

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

187

keel of the corolla gieenish yellow. Seeds under a microscope slightly
hispid.

Grows in ponds in the flat pine barrens intermingled with the P. Co-
rymbosa.

Flowers June — August.

14. Balduini. Nutt.

P. caule erecto, sii-
perne ramoso ; foliis
inferioribus spatliula-
tis, obtusis ; caulinis
lanceolatis;floribus ca-
pitato-corymbosis, ca-
pitulis squaiTosis, alls
calycinis setaceo-acu-
miuatis.

Nutt. 2. p. 90.

Stem erect, branch,
ing near the summit;
lower leaves spathu-
late, obtuse ; stem
leaves lanceolate; flow-
ers capitate, heads
squarroscjcorymbose;
calycine wings with a
setaceous acumination

stern 2 — 3 feet high, slightly angled. (Radical leaves spathulate, ob-
tuse ; Nuttal :) stem leaves small, diminishing towards the summit,
lanceolate. Flowers in small heads, forming an irregular corymb, very
squarrose from the setaceous acumination of the calycine wings. Ca-
lyciiie icings and Corolla yellowish white. Carina scarcely if at all
fimbriated. Seeds minutely hispid.

This plant was sent to me by the late Dr. Baldwin, as the P. Acumina-
ta, a name which the structure of the culycme wings renders very appra-
priate.

Grows in the southern districts of Georgia near St. Mary's.

Flowers June — August. •

15. CoRYMBOSA.

P. caule erecto, te-
reti, sub nuclo ; foliis
inferioribus longis,lin-
eari-lanceolatis, can-
hnis subulatis, superne
minutis ; floribus ra-
cemoso-corymbosis ;

Stem erect, terete,
nearly naked ; lower
leaves long, linear-lan-
ceolate, stem leaves
subulate, minute near
the summit ; flowers
in corymbose ra-

188

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

rachi squarrosa.

cemes ; rachis squar-
rose.

Mich. 2. p. 54. Pursh 2. p. 739.
P. Cymosa. Walt. p. 179.
P. Attenuata. Nutt. 2. p. 90.

Stem erect, terete, tapering, 3 — 5 feet high. Root leaves 2 — 5 inches
long, very narrow, linear, lanceolate ; lower stem leaves nearly similar to
the root leaves, scattered,diniinishing towards the summit to a mere scale,
giving the stem a naked appearance. Flowers in a regular corymb, com-
posed of simple racemes 1 — 2 inches long; rachis as the flowers decay,
rendered squarrose by the persistent bracteas. Calycine wings oval,
slightly mucronate, much longer than the capsule, greenish yellow. Seeds
smooth.

The flowers of this species when dry,become a dark green,almost black,
the two preceding species generally retain a yellowish hue.

Grows in tlie shallow ponds in the pine barrens, very common.

Flowers Jime — August.

DECANDRIA.

^ 1. Stamens all connected, monad el-

PHOUS.

AMORPHA. Gen. Pl. 1170-

Calyx campanula-
tus, 5-fidus. Corollce
vexillum ovatiim, con
caviim. Aloe carina-
que nullae. Legumen
1 — 2 spermum, falca-
tum.

1. F

RUTICOSA.

A. glabra, subarbo-

rescens ; foliis petio-

Calyx campanii-
late, 5-cleft. Corolla
with the vexillum o-
vate^coiicave. Wings
and keel wanting.
Pod (Legumen) 1 — 2
seeded, falcate.

GlabrouSjSomewhat
arborescent ; leaves

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

189

Jatis ; spicis aggrega-
tis,elongatis; calycibus
nudiusciilis, pedicella-
tis, dentibus 4 obtu-
sis, unico acuminato ;
leguminibiis oligo-
spermis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 970. Walt. p. 179.

on petioles ; spikes
long, clustered ; ca-
lyx naked, pedicel-
late, with 4 teeth ob-
tuse and one acumi-
nate ; pods few seed-
ed.

Mich. 2. p. 64. Pursh 2. p. 46(5.

A shrub 10 — 16 feet high, with its young expanding branches very pu-
bescent. Leaves alternate, Unequally pinnate, deciduous. Leaflets oval,
obtuse, sometimes slightly emarginated with a short point, pubescent.
Flowers clustered, in terminal racemes. Racemes 4 — 6 inches long, gen-
erally by threes. Calyx persistent, slightly pubescent^ turbinate, border
short and 5-cleft, the lower segment acuminate, longer than the rest, the
two lateral acute, the upper ones broad and obtuse. Vexillum of the co-
rolla obovate, obtuse, twice as long as the calyx, dark purple. Filaments
10, unequal, longer than the corolla, purple, monadelphous. Anthers yel-
low.

Grows along the margins of rivers, very common in what are called in
this country, tide lands.

Flowers in April.

2. PuBESCENS.

A. humilis, frutes-
cens ; foliis brevissime
petiolatis, utrinque ob-
tusis, pubescentibus;
spicis paniculatis, e-
longatis, pubescenti-
bus; calycibus subses-
silibus, dentibus om-
nibus acuminatis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 970. Pursh 2. p. 467.

A. Herbacea. Walt. 179. Nutt. 2. p. 91.

A. Pumila. Mich. 2. p. G4. •

A small plant rather shrubby than herbaceous, 2—4 feet high. Stem
pubescent and slightly muricate. Leaves equally pmnate, (about 24 pair.)
Leaflets obtuse, mucronate, with pellucid dots, very pubescent and some-
what hoary. Calyx purplc; the segments nearly equal. Vexillum of the

Small, shrubby ;
leaves on very short
petioles,obtuse at each
end, pubescent; spikes
long, panicled, pubes-
cent ; calyx nearly
sessile, with the teeth
all acuminate.

190

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

corolla obcordate, white, longer than the calyx,
monadelphous.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers June — July.

Filaments 10, white,

ERYTHRINA. Gen. Pl. 1163.

Calyx 2-lobatus.
Corollce vexillum lon-
gissimum, lanceola-
tum. Lemimen toru-

CD

losum.

1. Herbacea.

E. pumila ; foliis
ternatis,rliombeis, gla-
bris
mis
aculeato.

Calyx 2-lobed.
Vexillum of the Co-
rolla very long, lan-
ceolate. Pod toru-
lose.

, spicis longissi-
; caule herbaceo,

Sp. pl. 3. p. 912. Walt. p. 180.
Nutt. 2. p. 92.

Small ; leaves ter-
nate, rhomboidal, gla-
brous ; spikes very
long ; stem herbace-
ous, prickly.

Mich. 2. p. 6l. Pursh. 2. p. 467-

'Root tuberous, very thick, Stem herbaceous, 2 — 4 feet high, glabrous,
streaked with purple, armed with a hooked prickle at the base of each pe-
tiole. Leaves alternate, compoundly trifoliate, leaflets dilated towards the
base and almost hastate, glabrous, a little glaucous underneath, and hairy
on the veins. Floioers in terminal spikes, the buds alternate and 3-flow-
ered. Calyx cylindrical, truncated, slisjhtly emarginate above, under-
neath furnished with a small tooth. Vexillum of the corolla nearly 2 in-
ches long, emarginate, with the sides cortipressed bright scarlet, wings and
two leafed keel, scarcely as long as the calyx, paler than the vexillum.
Stameiis diadelphous, unequal, as long as the vexillum. Seeds many in
each pod, bright scarlet.
Grows in rich light soils-
Flowers in May.

LUPINUS. Gen. Pl. 1176.

Calyx 2-labiatus.
Anther ce 5 oblongae, 5
subrotundae.

LegU"

men coriaceum.

Calyx
Anthers 5
nearly round,
coriaceous.

bilabiate.

5

Pod

oblong,

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

191

1. Perennis.

L. perennis, re-
pens ; caule foliisque
glabriusculis ; foliis
digitalis ; foliolis (8 —
9) lanceolatis, obtusi-
usculis ; calycibus al-
ternis, inappendicii-
latis ? labio siiperiore
emarginato, inferiore
integro.

Perennial, creeping;
stem and leaves near-
ly glabrous; leaves di-
gitate ; leaflets 8 — 9
lanceolate, obtuse; ca-
lyx alternate, without
lateral segments 7 the
upper lip emarginate,
the lower entire.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1022. AVak. 180. Mich. 2. p. 55. Pursh 2. p. AGJ.

Root perennial, stolon iferous. Stem herbaceous, procumbent, slightly
pubescent, branching. Leaves 7 — 9, parted to the base, segments lance-
olate or obovate, glabrous above, hairy underneath. Petioles 1 — 6 inch-
es long. Stipules 2, at the base of each petiole, subulate, persistent. Ra-
cemes simple, clustered, (4 — 6) near the termination of the branches.
Bracteas as long as the bud. Calyx 2 lipped, pubescent, the upper lip 2
cleft, with acute segments, the lower longer, keeled, 3 cleft, the lateral seg-
ments setaceous, very small. Corolla of a beautiful violet colour. Petals
nearly equal, vexillum reflected, spotted in the centre, carina fringed along
the margins. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Filaments unequal.

This species appears to me to have two very small setaceous segments
at the base of the calyx-
Grows in light poor sandy soils.
Flowers April.

2. V

ILLOSUS.

L. villosus, sericeus;
foliis simphcibus, ob-
longo-lanceolatis ; pe-
tiolis stipulisque fih-
formibus, densissime
lanuginosis ; calyce
appendiculato. Nutt.

Villous, silken ;
leaves simple, oblong,
lanceolate ; petioles
and stipules filiform,
densely lanuginous ;
calyx with lateral seg«
ments.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1029. Pursh 2. p. 4C8. Nutt. 2. p. 93.
L. Pilosus. Walt. p. 180. JMich. 2. p. 56.

m

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Biennial ? Stem decumbent, thickly clothed with long, soft, silken hair.
Stipules 10 — 15 lines long. Petioles 2 — 3 inches. Leaves 3 — 5 inch-
es long, acute, beautifully villous when young. Calyx with lateral seg-
ments. Spikes long. Flowers rather irregular on the spikes. Corolla
handsome, of a bright reddish purple, most deeply coloured in the centre
of the vexillum. Legume very lanuginouSj resembling a ball of silky
wool. Seeds small, variegated.

Grows in the dryest sands.

Flowers in the beginning of April.

3. DiFFusus. Nutt,

L. villosus,sericeus;
caulibus plurimis, dif-^
fusis, decumbentibus;
foliis simplicibus, ob-
longo-obovatis ; peti-
olis stipulisque brevi-
bus, nudisque. Nutt.
2. p. 93.

Perennial, spreading diffusely in large patches. The petioles rarely ex-
ceeding an inch in length, and destitute of long woolly hairs. Stipules 2
— 3 lines long. Leaves obtuse, attenuated towards the base, 2 — 3 inches
long.

I have adopted this species from Mr. Nuttall, without having had it in
my power to determine how far it differs essentially from the preceding.

Grows very abundantly on the poor sand hills in the middle country.

Flowers April.

Villous, silken ^
stems numerous, dif-
fuse, decumbent ;
leaves simple, oblong,
obovate; petioles and
stipules short and na-
ked.

CROTALARIA. Gen. Pl. 1172.

Corollce vexillum
cordatum, magnum ;
c«rma acuminata. Fi-
lamenta connata cum-
fissura dorsali. Z<e-
gumen pedicellatum,
tiurgidum.

Vexillum of the co-
rolla cordate, large ;
the keel acuminate.
Filaments united,with
a dorsal fissure. Pod-
turgid, pedicellate.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

193

1. Sagittalis.

C. hirsiita, erecta,
ramosa ; foliis simpli-
cibus, oblongo-lanceo-
latis; stipulis sagitta-
tis, acuminatis, deciir-
reiitibus ; racemis op-
positifoiiis, subtriflo-
ris ; corollis calyce
niinoribus.

Hirsute, erect,
branching; leaves sim-
ple, oblong lanceolate;
stipules sagittate, acu-
minate, decurrent; ra-
cemes opposite the
leaves, generally 3-
flowered; corolla smaU
ler than the calyx.

Willd.
2 p. 469.

C. Laevigata ?

Sp. pi. 3. p. 972. Walt. p. 81. Mich. 2. p. 55. Pursh
Pursh 2. p. 469.

Annual. Stem 8 — 18 inches high, more or less hairy. Stijyules some-
times very long, decurrent. Flowers nearly opposite the leaves. Corol-
la yeWow, nearly as long as the calyx. Legumen inflated, nearly black
when mature. Seed very small, attached by pedicells to the valves of the
legume.

Grows m almost all soils which are not inundated and appears to vary
much in its pubescence.

Flowers April — July.

2. P

ARVIFLORA.

C. hirsuta, erecta,
ramosa ; foliis simpU-
cibus, lineari lanceo-
latis ; stipulis superi-
oribus decurrentibus,
brevissime bidentatis ;
racemis oppositifoliis;
corollis calyce minori-
bus.

Hirsute, erect,
branching; leaves sim-
ple, linear lanceolate;
upper stipules decur-
rent, with 2 very short
teeth ; racemes oppo-
site the leaves; corol-
la smaller than the ca-
lyx.

Willd Sp. pi. 3. p. 973.
C. Sagittalis var. linearis.

Pursh 2. p. 469.
Mich. 2. p. 55.

This species is generally found in damp or shady soils, and is distin-
guished by its narrow leaves and its narrow, short and somewhat irregulat

VOL. IT.

B "^

194

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

stipules. It appearss to me liowever, that culture will be necessary to de-
termine whether it is really distinct from the preceding species.
Flowers from April to July.

3. OvALis. Pursh.

C. hirsiita, diffusa,
ramosa ; foliis simpli-
cibus, petiolatis, oval-
ibus ; stipulis siimmis
vix dccurrentibuSjbre-
vissimis ; raccmis op-
positifoliis, elongatis ;
corollis calycem ae-
quantibus.

Hirsute, diffuse,
branching; leaves sim-
ple, petioiate, oval ;
upper stipules scarce*
ly decurrent, very
short ; racemes oppo-
site the leaves, long ;
corolla as long as the
calyx.

Pursh 2. p. 469. Nutl. 2. p. 94.

C. Sagittalis b. ovalis. Mich. 2. p. 55.

C. Rotundifolia. Walt. p. 81.

Root fusiform, perennial. Sfetns herbaceous, procumbent, branching.;,
scarcely a foot high. Leaves nearly sessile, elliptic, mucronate, pubes-
cent. Racemes nearly opposite the leaves, simple, 3 — 6 flowered. Sti-
pules short, sagittate, sometimes wanting. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip
2-cleft, the lower 3-cleft, the segments all acute. Corolla as long as the
calyx, yellow ; vexillum round, reflected j carina ciliate on the margin.
Filaments 10, connate at base, unequal. Anthers on the long filaments
round, sterile; on the short oblong, opening along the sides. Style long-
er than the stamens. Stigma obtuse, bearded. Legume and Seed like
those of the C. Sagittalis.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers from April to July.

^ 2. Stamens diadelphous.
* Legume mostly one seeded*

DALEA. L.

Calyx semiquin-
quefidis. Alee et cari-
na columnae staminum

Calyx 5-cIeft.
Wings and carina at-
tached to the base of

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

195

adiiatae. Vexillum
breve. Legumen

monospermum, calyce
brevius.

1. Cliffortiana.

D. spicis oblongis,
confertis,pedunciilatis,
terminalibus, sericeis;
biacteis calycis longi-
tiidine ; foliis subsex-
jiigis, lineari-cuneatis,
retiisis, apice subden-
tatis.

the stamens. Veccil-
turn short. Pod one
seeded, shorter than
the calyx.

Spikes oblong,
crowded, pedunculate,
terminal, silky; brac-
teas as long as the ca-
lyx ; leaflets (about 6
pair,) narrow,cuneate,
retuse, toothed near
the summit.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1336. Pnrsh 2. p. 474.

Annual. 8tem 1 1-2 — 3 feet highj erect, glabrous. Leaves 4, 5, or 6
pair, leaflets narrow, cuneate, retuse, slightly toothed near the summit.
Sjnkes 1 — 2 inches long, solitary, terminal. Bracteas as long as the ca-
lyx, lanceolate, glabrous, fringed along the membranaceous margin. Ca-
h/x hairy, teeth subulate. Corolla blue. Willd.

This plant with which I am unacquainted, I have inserted on the doubt-
ful authority of Pursh. Willdenow describes it as a native of Terra Fir-
ma; Nuttall quotes it under his D. Alopecuroides^ a native of Louisiana,
on. the bprders of the Mississipi.

PSORALEA. Gen, Pl. 1210.

Calyx 5rdentatus,
punctis callosis ad-
spersus. Stamina di-
adelpha. Legumen
monospermum, subro-
stratum, evalve, ca-
lyce m aequans.

1. Canescens. Mich.

P. tota canescens ;
foliis breviter petiola-

Calyx 5-toothed,
sprinkled with callous
dots. Stamens dia-
delphous. Pod 1-

seeded, slightly beak-
ed, without valves, as.
long as the calyx.

Hoary ; leaves on
short footstalks, trifo-

196

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

tis, Irifoliatis, lato-lan-
ceolatis ; spicis laxi-
floris ; floribus pedi-
cellatis ; calycibus pi-
losis.

liate,
late

broad, lanceo-

, spikes loosely
flowered ; flowers pe-
dicellate; calyx hairy.

Mich. 2. p. bj. Pursh 2. p. 475.

^oot tuberous, perennial. Stem herbaceous, having somewhat of a
shrubby appearance, 2 — 3 feet high, branching. Leaves on very short
petioles, entire, thickly sprinkled with glands. Peduncles axillary, much
longer than the leaves, bearing 4 — 7 flowers near the extremity. Calyx
for this genus large, deeply divided, coloured, (brownish,^ hairy and very
distinctly marked with dark coloured glands. Corolla yellowish, longei-
than the calyx.

Grows in sandy soils in the middle of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers May — July.

2. LupiNELLus. Mich.

P. glaber ; foliis di-
gitatis, longe petiola-
tis ; foliolis filiformi-
bus ; racemis miilti-
floris, foUis longiori-
bus ; leguminibus rii-
gosis.

Glabrous ; leaves
digitate, on long peti-
oles ; leaflets fiiiform ;
racemes many flower-
ed, longer than the
leaves ; legumes ru-
gose.

Mich. 2. p. 58. Pursh 2. p. 476. Nutt. 2. p. 103.

Root perennial ? Stem about 2 feet high, sparingly branched. Leaves
on petioles rather more than an inch long. Leaflets 5 — 7,not larger than
the petiole, exhibiting distinctly the glands which characterize this ge-
nus. Peduncles much thicker than the petioles, 3 — 5 inches long. Ca-
lyx small, glandular, with the lower segment a little longer than the rest.
Corolla 3 times as long as the calyx, of a pale violet colour.

Grows in the arid barren sandhills at Fort Barrington on the Altamaha,
and is found occasionally in similar situations in other parts of Georgia
and Carolina.

Flowers INIay — July.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

197

** Spicis cj/lmdri'
eis,melHotoidecu (Poi-
kadenia,)

3. ViRGATA. Nutt.

P. caiile virgalo,
subpubescente ; foliis
simplicibus, distaiiti-
bus, lineari-lanceola-
tis ; spicis axiliaiibiis,
foliis brevioribiis.

Nutt. 2. p. 104.

"^'^ Spikes cylindru
cal,
lotus^

resembling Meli-

Stem virgate.some-
what pubescent;leaves
simple, distant, lin-
ear lanceolate; spikes
axillary, shorter than
the leaves.

Stem about 2 feet high, sparine^ly branched. Radical leaves oblong,
ovate ; lea\ es of the stem on petioles nearly an inch long, very narrow,
glabrous, 3 — 5 inches long, scarcely more than two or three lines wide.
Flowers in compact cylindrical spikes, the naked base of the common pe-
duncle scarcely longer than the petiole. Bi-acteas ovate, acuminate, de-
ciduous, and like the calyx dotted with glands. Calyx fj-cleft. Corolla
violet coloured, a little larger than the calyx. Legume 1 -seeded.

Discovered by Dr. Baldwin near St. Mary's, Georgia, and sent to me
under the name of P. Angustifolia.

Flowers.

4. Melilotoides. Mich.

Sparingly pubes-
cent ; leaves ternate,
leaflets oblong, lan-
ceolate ; spikes ob-
long ; bracteas broad,
cordate, conspicuous-
ly acuminate ; pods
round, nervose, very
rugose.

184.

Root perennial ? Stem herbaceous, diffuse, branching, pubescent, near-
ly 2 feet high. Leaves ternate, pubescent, ronuded at base and punctur-
ed with ghuidular dots. Spiki^s axillary and t<?rminal, on peduncles

P. parce pubescens;
foliis ternatis, folio-
lis oblongo-lanceolatis;
spicis oblongis ; brac-
teis lato-cordatis, lon-
gissime acuminatis ;
leguminibus rotunda-
tis, nervoso-rugosissi-
mis.

Mich. 2. p. 58. Pursh 2. p. 475.
Trifolium psoralioides. Walt. p.

198

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

onuch longer than the leaves. Bracteas nearly round, abruptl}' acumi-
nate, ting(;d with purple, dotted with glands, covering two flowers, deci-
duous. Calyx hairy, 5-cleft, dotted with glands, purplish, with green
spots. Corolla purple, the carina very small, Stamens diadelphous.
Legume oval, rugose, mucronate. Seed 1, glabrous.

Grows in dry soils moderately rich.

Flowers May — June.

5. E

GLANDULOSA.

E.

P. pubescens, e-
glandulosa ; foliis ter-
natis, oblongo lanceo-
latis; spicis oblongis;
bracteis lato-Ianceo-
latisj longe aciimina-
tis calycibusque vil-
losis. E.

Pubescent, without
glands; leaves ternate,
oblong lanceolate ;
spikes oblong ; brac-
teas broad, lanceolate,
conspicuously acumi-^
nate and with the car
lyx villous.

Melilotus psoraloides. Nutt. 2. p. 104.^

This plant is very similar to the preceding species, with which I sus-
pect it has always been confounded. It is however more pubescent, its
bracteas not so remarkably acuminate, and its calyx,particularly along the
margins, much more villous. It is probably the plant described b}'^ Mr.
Nuttall, but its affinity to the preceding species, in habit and in every
character except the glands, induces me to retain it in this genus. The
plants of this section will however, probably constitute a new genus, as
they appear to be very closely allied among themselves, and almost equaJ^-,
\y connected with this genus and the Melilotus.

Grows in dry, moderately fertile soils.

Flowers May — June.

6. MULTIJUGA. E.

P. caule ranioso ;
foliis pinnatis, multiju-
gis(9 — 10); foliolis ob-
longo lanceolatis, ob-
tusis, pubescentibus ;
spicis oblongis ; brac-
teis parvulis, membra-

Stem branching ;
leaves pinnate, leaflets
numerous, (9 — 10
pair) oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse, pubes-
cent ; spikes oblong ;
bracteas small, mem-

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

199

iiaceis,
E.

eolaiidulosis.

o

branaceous,
glands.

without

Stem apparently 1 — 2 feet high, thick, furrowed, and nearly glabrous.
Leaves nregiilarly pinnate, leaflets small, hairy on the under surface, and
under the microscope apparently covered with minute black glands. Sti-
pules broad, ovate, membranaceous, without glands, sparingly fringed.
Flozve7-s on peduncles much longer than the leaves, and like the pre-
ceding species, the spikes when young are closely imbricate. Brae-
teas small, not above half the length of the calyx. Segments of the ca-
lyx very long, acute and villous along the margins. Corolla violet colou-
red, the carina rarely as long as the vexillum. The Legume I have not
seen, but from the appearance of the germ it is monospermous.

This plant I have thrown, though with some hesitation, into this section
from the strong resemblance which it has in habit and in its mode of flow-
ering, to the three preceeding species. It was collected some years ago,
in Abbeville District, by Mr. Gourdine, and sent to me by Dr. Macbride

Flowers May — June.

MELILOTUS.

Calyx tubulosus, 5-
dentatus. Carina

simplex, alis et vexil-
lo brevior. Legumen
calyce longiiiSj rugo-
sum.
si.

Flores racemo-

Calyx tubular, 5-
toothed. Carina sim-
ple, shorter than the
wings and vexillum.
Pod longer than the
calyx, rugose. Flow-
ers in racemes.

1. O

FFICINALIS-

erect; leaflets

Stem

obovate, serrate ;

spikes axillary, pani-
culate ; pod 2 seeded,
rugose, acute.

M. caule erecto; fo-
liolis obovatis, serra-
tis ; spicis axillaribus,
paniculatis ; legumini-
13 us dispermis, rugo-
sis, acutis.

Pursh 2. p. 477- Nutt. 2. p. 104.
Trifolium ofticinale. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1355.

Root annual. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, angular, glabrous. Leaves trifoli-
ate ; leaflets obovate, serrate, glabrous. Floicers in long compact spikeSj
bright yellow, keel and wings nearly as long as the vexillum.

200

DIADELPHFA DECANDRIA.

/

Tliis plant, a native of Europe, is now completely naturalized in the
neighbourhood of Charleston. It grows very luxuriantly, but no species
of domestic stock appears willing to eat it.

Grows in close soils.
. Floweis April — May.

I have among my specimens one collected in the state of New- York by
Mr. Whitlow, with leaves nearly elliptical, flowers very small, whitish or
white, and scattered along a very long raceme or spike, which appears to
me evidently a distinct species.

TRIFOLIUM. Gen. Pl. 1211.

Legumen calyce
tectum, evalve, 2 — 4
spermiim. Flores sub-
capitati.

Pod covered with
the calyx, without
valves, 2 — 4 seeded.
Floioer^s generally in
heads.

1. Carolinianum. Mich.

T. pusillum, pro-
cumbens ; foholis ob-
cordatis, (supremis
tantum emarginatis.)
pilosis, dentatis ; sti-
pulis bifidis, capitulis
umbellaribus.peduncu-
latis, reflexis.pauciflo-
ris; coroUis vix exser-
tis ; leguminibus 3 —
4 spermis,

Mich. 2. p. 58. Pursh 2. p. A77-
T. vepens? Wuh. p. 183.

Root somewhat fusiform, prolialdy perennial. Stem divaricate, pros-
trate, assurgent at the summit, hairy, 3 — 10 inches high. Leaflets ternate,
slightly glaucous underneath, 3 — 5 lines long, 3 — 4 wide, on petioles 1 —
2 inches long. Stqjvks 2 ;it tlie base of each petiole, obliquely lanceo-
late, acuminated, toothed, with the nerve divided at the summit. Flotc-
ers numerous, (l6 — 20) on small umbels, erect when expanded, after-
wards rellcctcdj the common peduncles terminal and axillary,2 — 3 inclies

Small, procumbent ;
leaflets obcordate,(the
upper only emargi-
nate,) hairy, toothed ;
stipules 2-cIeft; heads
or umbels peduncu-
late, reflected, few
flowered ; corolla

scarcely exserted :
pods 3 — 4 seeded.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

201

long. Calyx persistent, 5-cleft, the upper seixnients very short, sometimes
reflected. Corolla white, tinged with purple, the vexillum cilone longer
tlnn rhe calyx, the keel very short. Legume a little turgid, hairy, gene-
rally 4-seoded.

Grows in dry sandy pastures.

Flowers March — May.

Creeping, nearly
glabrous ; leaflets o-
vate oblong, emargi-
nate, serrulate, heads
nearly globose; teeth
of the calyx general-
ly equal; pods 4-seed-
ed.

59. Pm-sh 2. p. 477-

2. Repens.

T. repens, subgla-
brnm; folioUs ovato-
oblongis, emarginatis,
serrulatis, capitulis
subglobosis ; calycinis
dentibus subaequah-
bus; leguminibus te-
traspermis.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 1359. Mich. 2. p.

Root creeping. Stem prostrate and creeping, sprinkled occasionally
with a few hairs. Leaves ternate, sometimes orbicular, generally emargi-
nate, the lower ones occasionally obcordate, acutely serrulate, nearly gla-
brous, and of a very bright green. Petioles 2 — 8 inches long. Umbells
many flowered, axillary and terminal, on peduncles 4 — 10 inches long.
Fiotcers when expanded, erect, afterwards reflected. Calyx nearly gla-
brous, the upper segments a little shorter than the lower. Corolla white,
the vexillum nearly twice as long as the calyx, wings and keel short. Le-
giuiie cylindrical, turgid, 4-seeded.

Grows in close damp soils.

Flowers March — IMay. White Clover.

This species of clover is now very much diffused in the low country of
Carolina, and grows very luxuriantly during the spring in soils adapted to
it. In summer it disappears. It is however eaten but sparingly, and ap-
parently with reluctance, by stock of any description. It affects very
sensibly the salivary glands, sometimes producing complete salivation.

3. Pratense.

T. adscendens, gla-
briusculum; foiiolis o-
valibus, snbintegerri-
misj stipulis aristatis;

VOL. II.

Ascending, gla-
brous ; leaflets oval,
nearly entire ; stipules
awned ; spikes thick.

c 2

202

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

spicis densis, ovatis ;
calycis dente infimo,
tubo corollae monope-
talae, inaequalis, bre-
viore.

ovate; lower tooth of
the calyx shorter than
the tube of the mon-
opetalous, unequal co-
rolla.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1366. Pursh 2. p. 478.

Root perennial. Stem ascending or erect, 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves
ovate, finally serrulate, nearly glabrous. Flotoers in ovate heads on short
peduncles. Calyx and Bracteas very hairy. Corolla bright purple, much
longer than the calyx.

This,perhaps the most valuable species of Trifolium, is found occasion-
ally in the low country of Carolina, like the preceding species it grows
luxuriantly in the spring but disappears dupng the steady heat of summer.

Grows in close rich soils.

Flowers April — May. Red Clover,

4. Reflexum.

T. decumbens, pu-
bescens ; foliolis obo-
vatis ; stipuhs oblique
cordatis; capitulis mul-
tifloris ; floribus pe-
dunculatisjdemum om-
nibus reflexis ; legu-
minibus sub 4-sper-

Decumbent, pubes-
cent; leaflets obovate;
stipules obhquely cor-
date; heads many
flowered ; flowers on
pedicels, all finally re-
flected; pod generally
4-seeded.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1357. Walt. p. 183. Mich. 2. p. 59. Pursh

mis.

Willd.
2. p. 477-

Stem herbaceous, decumbent, 12 — 18 inches high, very pubescent.
Leaves ternate, somewhat rhomboidal, pubescent, the upper ones acute,
the lower emarginate. Petals 3 — \ inches long. Flowers in compact,
oblong heads, after expansion reflected; common peduncle scarcely an inch
long. Calyx hairy, with the segments nearly equal. Vexillum of the
corolla twice as long as the calyx, rose coloured : Wings and keel shoit,
nearly white. Legume glabrous, compressed, slightly winged, 4-seeded.

This species of Trifolium, which under the name of Buffalo Clover,
grows I believe freely in the upper districts of Georgia, is rare in the
low country. Its leaves and flowers are larger than those of any other of
our species. With our cattle it does not appear to be a favorite food.

Grows in close soils.

Flowers April — May.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

203

5. Arvense.

T. erectum, villo-
sum; foliolis lineari
lanceolatis, apice ser-
rulatis ; spicis villosis-
simis, subcylinclraceis;
dentibus calycinis se-
taceisjcorolla longiori-
bus.

Erect, villous; leaf-
lets linear lanceolate,
serrulate at the sum-
mit; spikes very vil-
lous, somewhat cylin-
drical ; teeth of the
calyx setaceous, long-
er than the corolla.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1373. Walt. p. 183 ? Mich. 2. p. 59. Pursh 2. p.

478.

Stem erect, like the whole plant, hairy. Leaves ternate, very simple,
leaflets almost linear. Stipules united at base, summits acute and almost
setaceous. Flowers in terminal cylindrical spikes. Calyx with the tube
a little inflated, the segments setaceous, long, and with the tube so villous
as to make the spike resemble an oblong mass of hair. Corolla shorter
than the calyx, flowers white with a red spot on each wing.

Grows, hut I believe sparingly, in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers.

STYLOSANTHES. Gen. Pl. 1203.

Calyx tubulosus,
longissimus, corollifer .
Germen sub corolla.
Lomentum 1 — 2 ar-
ticulatum, hamatum.

1. Elatior.

S. caule uno latere
pubescente ; folioUs
lanceolatis, glabris ;
bracteis lanceolatis,ci-
liatis, pauci-floris.

Calyx tubular, ve-
ry long, bearing the
corolla. Germ under
the corolla. Lomen-
tum 1 — 2 jointed,
hooked.

Stem pubescent on
one side ; leaflets lan-
ceolate, glabrous ;
bracteas lanceolate^
fringed, few flowered.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 1167. Nutt. 2. p. 106.

S. Hispida. Mich. 2. p. 75. Pursh 2. p. 480.

Arachis aprica. Walt. p. 182.

204

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Root perennial. Leaves ternate. leafiets lanceolnic and acute, entire,
the leaves siuroundinp- the capitulum simple and a little liairy. Flowers
in t^erminal compact heads, closely compressed, with leaves and hispid
bracteas,flowers in each head numerous, though it seldom occurs thai more
th.sn two mature their seed. Cnlyx superior, somewhat 2-lipped, fringed,
the upper lip 2-cleft, the lower 3-parted. Corolla attached to the c;ilyx
yellow. Stamens monadclphous, unequal. Anthers 5 round, 5 oblong
To?nentum 1-celled, coriaceous, hooked at the summit.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers May — August.

LESPEDEZA. Mich.

Calyx 5-partitus, Calyx 5-parted,

laciniis siibaequalibus. segments nearly equal.

Keel of the Corolla
transversely obtuse.
Pod lenticular, un-
armedj, 1-seeded.

Erect, branching ;
leaflets oblong ; clus-
ters of flowers nume-
rous, sessile; pods a-
cute, scarcely covered
by the minute calyx.

CoroUce carina trans-
verse obtusa. Lomen-
tum lenticulare, in-
erme, 1-spermum.

1. Sessiliflora.

li. erecta, subramo-
sa; foholis oblongis ;
fasciculis florum ses-
silibus, numerosis; lo-
mentis calyce minuto
subnndatis, acutis.

Mich. 2. p. 70. Pursh. 2. p. 480.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, slender, sparingly branched, slightly pubescent, i
Leaves ternate, elliptic, mucronate, sprinkled with hairs on the upper sur-
face, very hairy underneath, common petiole about an inch long. Flow-
ers in small sessile clusters, sometimes in small racemes. Calyx hairy.
Corolla and Legume both longer than the calyx, corolla of a pale violet
colour, legume conspicuously mucronate and hairy.

Grows in sandy lands.

Flowers September.

2. S

TUVEI.

Nutt.

L. simplex, erecta, I Simple, erect, vil-
villosa 5 foliis ovali- | Ipus ; leaves oval ;

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

205

spikes on peduncles,
few flowered, longer
til an the leaves ; pods
naked, pubescent.

bus; spicis peduncula-
tis, paiicifloris, foliis
longioribus ; lomentis
nudis, pubescentibus.

Nutt. 2. p. 107.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, clotlied with a soft pubescence. Leaves ternate,
hairy on both surtaces. common petiole not half an inch long. Eicemes
axillary, rarely l)earing more than 5 — 6 flowers, common peduncle rather
more than an' inch long. Corolla much longer than the calyx, hairy,
pointed with a persistent style.

JMy specimens, though diflering in a few minute particulars from the
description of ]>Tr. Nuttall, appear to belong to this species.

Grows in dry sandy lands.

Flowers September.

3.

V

lOLACEA.

L. erecta, ramosa,
pubescens; foliis ellip-
tic]* s; race mis subum-
bellatis, foliis vix su-
per a ntibus ; loinentis
ovatis, pilosis. E.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1195. Walt. p. 185.

Erect, branching,
pubescent ; leaves el-
liptic ; racemes some-
what umbellate,scarce-
ly longer than the
leaves ; pods ovate,
hairy.

Pursh 2. p. 481. Nutt. 2. p. 108.

Stem 3 — 4 feet high, much branched, furrowed. Leaves a little hairj
on both surfaces, common petiole generally from half an inch to an inch
long. Flowers on short racemes, and as is usual in this genus, 2 from
each bud, but the buds are so near together that the flowers are very much
crowded, and as the racemes are just a little longer than the leaves, the
upper extremities of the branches frequently resemble a compact cylin-
der of flowers. Corolla larger than the calyx, bright purple. Pod
hairy.

Grows in dry rich soils.

Flowers September.

The L. Divergens of Dr. Muhlenberg, I have never met with in this
state^ but the specimens which he sent me appear totiiffor very much from
our common L. Violacea. It is distinguished by much larger leaves on
much longer petioles, its stem is much more difljsely branched, the pe-
duncles long with the flowers scattered and distinctly racemose, and the
lomentuiu, or pod, reticulated and nearly glabrous.

206

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

4. Frutescens.

L. foliis ternatis, el-
lipticis, obtusis, seri-
ceis ; stipulis subula-
tis ; racemis axillari-
bus, ovatis, foliis bre-
vioribus; lomentis pi-
losis, calyce brevioii-
bus.

Leaves ternate, el-
liptic, obtuse, silken ;
stipules subulate; ra-
cemes axillary, ovate,
shorter than the
leaves ; pods hairy,
shorter than the ca-
lyx.

Hedysarurn frutescens. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1193.

H. Umbellatura ? Walt. p. 184.

L. Capitata. Mich. 2. p. 71- Pursh 2. p. 480.

Root perennial. Stem really herbaceous, though like some other spe-
cies of this genusj suffruticose in appearance, 4 — 6 feet high, pubescent,
villous when young. Leaves ternate, covered with a silky pubescence on
both surfaces, somewhat glaucous, common petioles 6 — 8 lines long.
Flowers in crowded,axillary racemes,shorter than the leaves, common pe-
duncles 6 — 8 lines long. Calyx 5-parted, the segments three times as
lonw as the tube and longer than the corolla. Corolla white, the vex-
illum spotted with red near the base.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina. Common near Columbia.

Flowers September.

5. Angustifolia.

L. fohis oblongo-el-
lipticis lanceolatisque,
subtus canescenti pu-
bescentibus ; racemis
capitatis, foliis longio-
ribus ; corollis calyce
longioribus.

Leaves oblong, el-
liptic and lanceolate,
hoary and pubescent
underneath ; racemes
capitate, longer than
the leaves; corolla
longer than the calyx.

L. capitata. var. angustifolia. Pursh 2. p. 480

Stem herbaceous, erect, 4 — 5 feet high, pubescent. Leaves long and
very narrow, sprinkled with a few hairs on the upper surface, very villous
and hoary on the under, common petioles 3 — 4 lines long. Racemes
sometimes compound, compactly clustered, common peduncles 1 — 2 inch-
es long. Segments of the calyx rather longer than the tube, not quite as

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

207

long as the corolla. Corolla white, vexillum purple at base. Lomentum
in this and the preceding species, inclosed in the calyx.

I have separated this species from the frutescens, as it appears to differ
permanently in the size and form of the leaf, and in the comparative
length of the racemes and corolla, it differs also with us in its habitat.
This is found very abundantly in the low country, where I have never
seen the former unless when cultivated in my garden.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers September.

6. HiRTA.

L. erecta, ramosa,
villosissima; foliis sub-
sessilibus; foliolis ro-
tundato-ovalibus; spi-
els axillaribus, loiige-
pedunculatis ; corollis
calyce subaeqiialibus ;
lomento calycem siib-
aequante.

Erect, branching,
very villous ; leaves
nearly sessile; leaflets
oval, nearly round ;
spikes axillary,on long
peduncles; corolla the
length of the calyx;
pod as long as the ca-
lyx.

L. Polystachya. Mich. 2. p. 71. Pursh 2. p. 480.
Hedysarum hirtum. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1193. Wah. p. 185.

Root perennial, Stem erect, branching, 3 — 4 feet high, with the whole
plant pubescent, and very hairy when young. Leaves ternate, nearly
round, and as in all the species of this genus, very entire, slightly raucro-
nate, covered on both sides with a silky pubescence, 3 — 5 lines long.
Floicers crowded, in simple racemes, on peduncles longer than the leaves.
Calyx very hairy, deeply 5-cleft, segments subulate, equal. Corolla near-
ly white. Petals all equal, scarcely as long as the ca(yx, the vexillum
spotted in the centre with red. Lomentum hairy, 1-seeded.

Grows in dry and moderately fertile soils.

Flowers September.

7. Procumbens.

L. procumbensjgra-
cihs, pubescens; foliis
ovalibus ; pedunculis
longissimis, setaceis,

Procumbent, slen-
der, pubescent; leaves
oval ; peduncles very
long, setaceous; flow-

208

BIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

spicifloris; lomenlis or-
biciiiatis,pubescentibus

Mich. 2. p. 70. Pursh 2. p. 481

ers in spikes: pods or-
biciilaA*, pubescent.

Nult. 2. p. 118.

Ston prostrate, brandling, with the branches assurgent. Leaves ter-
nate, leaflets oval, nearly round, emarginate, nuicronate, very pubescent
and slightly glaucous underneath. Flowers few near the summit of long
axillary peduncles. Corolla purple, longer than the calyx Lomentum
when mature nearly round, and very pubescent particularly along the mar-
gin.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers August to October.

In the L. Polj'stachia and Frutescens, the calyx is deeply and equally
5-parted, in this and some other species it appears to be 4-parted, with the
upper segment 2-cleft.

Prostrate, nearly
glabrous ; leaves el-

8. Prostrata.

L. prostrata, sub-
glabra ; foliis ellipti-
cis obovatisque ; pe-
dunculis foliis super-
antibus, spicifloris; lo-
mentis orbiculatis,
parce pilosis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1200. Pursh 2. p.

Plant in habit and appearance very similar to the preceding species.
Stem very slender, woody and glabrous. Leaves on very short petioles,
a little hairy on the under surface and sometimes distinctly obovate. Pe-
duncles scarcely more than an inch long, very slender. Flowers very nu-
merous and rather smaller than those of L. Procumbens. Lomentum
small, slightly sprinkled with hairs.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers August to October.

liptic and obovate; pe-
duncles longer than
the leaves; flowers in
spikes ; pods orbicu-
lar, a little hairy.

481. Nutt. 2. p. 108.

"** Legume many seeded, generally
articulated.

HEDYSARUM. Gen. Pl. 1204.

Calyx b--Mws, Co- Calyx 5 deft. Keel

rollce carina trans-

of the Corolla trans-

DIADELPHIA DECANDBIA.

209

verse obtiisa. Lo-
mentum pliiri-articula-
tum. Articulis trun-
catis, 1-spermis.

1. NuDIFLORUM.

H. foliis teniatis,
lato-ovalibus, acumi-
natis, subtus glauces-
centibus ; scapo pani-
ciilato, glabro^ caule
foliifero altioie;lomen
ti articulis siibrotun do-
triangular ibus.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1198. Walt. 185.

versely obtuse. Pod
( Lomentum) many
jointed. Jomts trun-
cate, 1-seeded,

Leaves ternate, o^
val, broad, acuminate,
slightly glaucous un-
derneath; scape pani*
culate, glabrous, taller
than the stem ; joints
of the pod obtusely
triangular.

Mich. 2. p. 71. Pursh 2. p. 483.

Root perennial. Stem generally erect, 6 — 8 inches hisfh, simr'e, pu-
bescent, with the leaves crowded near the summit. Leaves ternate, leaf-
lets ovate, sHghtly acuminate, pubescent, a little scabrous, particularly on
the upper surface. Common Petioles 3 — 5 inches Ion?. Flowers in a
panicle 2 — 3 feet long, the common peduncles shooting: from the base of
the stem, partial peduncles generally in pairs, abo't an, inch and a half
long, pubescent. Cali/x 4-cleft, the upper segment sometimes bifid, the
lower longer than the rest. Corolla purple. Petals equal. Vexillum
marked at base with two dark purple spots. Segments of the stamini/e-.
roi/s tube unequal. Lomentum 3 — 4 jointed, pubescent.

Grows in dry rich shaded soils.

Flowers June — August.

2. Acuminatum. Mich.

» H. erectum, sim-
plex, pubescens ; fo-
liis ternatis, rotunda-
to-ovatis, longe acu-
minatis, parce pilosis;
panicula terminali, lon-
gissime pedunculata.

Erect, simple, pu»^
bescent; leaves ter-
nate, ovate, nearly
round, conspicuously
acuminate, a little
hairy ; panicle termi-
nal, on a very long pe-
duncle.

Mich. 2. p. 72. Pursh 2. p. 483.

veL. II. D 2

210

DIADELPHTA DECANDRfA.

Ront perennial. Stem erect or procumbent, scarcely a foot high, and

witli the whole plant sprinkled with soft hair. Leaves crowded near the
summit of the stem, leaflets much dilated in the middle, abruptl}' acumi-
jiated, a little scabrous, common petiole 3 — 4 inches lone;. Flowers in a
terminal panicle 1 — 2 feet long, partial peduncle 2 — 4 lines long. . Calyx
4-toothed, nearly equal ni length. Corolla pale violet, nearly white. Pe-
tals equal in lenjith. Loinentum 3 — 4 jointed- Joints rounded.

The stamens in this and the i-receding species are nearly monadel-
phous. This species is generally considered as the H. (ilutinosum of Dr.
Muhlenberg and W illdenow, if, however, \V illdenow is correct, in descri-
bing the panicle as arismg from the base of the stem, which he has twice
mentioned, the two species must be distinct. In a specimen of the H,
Glutinosum, which was sent me by Ti\\ JMuhlenberg, the leaves and pani-
cle are unfortunately detached from the stem, as f;ir, however, as they can
be compared to this species, the resemblance is minutely exact.

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers June — August, »

3. Strictum. Piirsli.

Erect ; leaves

ter-
nate, linear, elliptic,
glabious, veiny ; ra-
cemes axillary and
terminal; pods gene-
rally 2jointed.

H. erectum ; foliis
ternatis, lineari ellipti-
cis, glabris, venosis ;
racemis axiliaribus
terminalibusque ; lo-
nientis plernmque bi-
articulatis.

Pursh 2. p. 483. Nutt. 2. p. 109.

Stem erect, 3 — 4 feet high, covered, as is common in this genus, with
an adhesise pubescence, branching towards the summit. Leaflets long,
exactly linear, but elliptic at then- terminations, bearing a iew hairs sprink-
led r.lono; the mar?in, common petiole 4 — 5 lines long, pubescent.
Floweifi in Ions:, axillary and terminal panicles, pubescent. Calyx 4-cleft,
segments a little unequal. Corolla small, purple, greenish at base. Lo-
menf?an generally 2-jointed Joints nearly oval, hispid.

Grows in dry pine barrens.

Flowers August — September.

4. P

ANICULATUM.

H. erectum ; foliis
teriifitis, li leari jance-
oiatife<,uuixiL[ue obiubis,

Erect ; leaves ter^
nate,linear lanceolate,
obtuse at each end, a

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

211

siibtus parce pilosis ;
pauicula terminal i; lo-
inenti articulis trian-
gularibus, hispidis.

Walt. p. 185. Mich. 2. p. 74.
1056. Gron. Flor. Virff. 108.

little hairy underneath;
panicle terminal; pods
hispid, with the joints
triangular.

Pursh 2. p. 483. Sp. pi. Lin. 3. p.

Roof, as in all of this genus, perennial. Stem erect and procumbent,
furrowed, a little hairy towards the summit. Leaves very narrow, with
the margins revolute, nearly glabrous, paler underneath, and a litile hairy,
sometimes 3 — 4 inches long, 3 — 4 lines wide, common petiole about an
inch long. Calyx 4-cleft, the inferior segment nearly twice as long as the
others. Corolla purple. Lomentum generally 5-jointed. Joints nearly
triangular.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers August — September.

5. Glabellum. Mich.

H. erectum, glabri-
usculum ; foliis terna-
tis, ovatis, obtusis,sub-
tus subglaucis ; paui-
cula terminali ; lomen
ti articulis
rhomboideis.

triangulo-

Erect, nearly gla-
brous ; leaves ternate,
ovate, obtuse, slightly
glaucous underneath ;
panicle terminal; joints
of the pod triangular
approaching to rhom-
boidal.

Mich. 2. p. 73 Pursh 2. p. 482.

H. Paniculatum. Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1196.

Stem erect and procumbent, about 2 feet high, pubescent near the sum-
mit. Leaves ovate, very obtuse, pale green with the veins distinctly re-
ticulate, sprinkled with hair on both surfaces, common petiole about half
an inch long. Stipules dilated at base, acuminate and very acute. FloW'
e7'S in a somewhat leafy panicle. Calyx 4-cleft, the upper segment as
usual a little broader than the others, the lower a little prolonged. CoroU
la purple. Lomentum 3 — 5 jointed, the joints somewhat rhomboidal,
hispid.

Grows in shady places.

Flowers August — September.

■>. ■,->

212

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

6. O

BTUSUM.

H. foliis ternatis,
ovalis, obtusis, basi
siibcorclatis ; stipulis
subulatis; paniciilater-
niinali ; articulis lo-
menti semiorbiculatis,
reticulatis, hispid is.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1190. Pursh 2. p.

Leaves ternate, o«
vate, obtuse, slightly
cordate at base ; sti-
pules subulate ; pani-
cle terminal ; joints of
the pod semiorbicular,
reticulate, hispid.

482.

Stem erect, branching, a little hairy towards the summit. Leaves
small,'scarcely an inch long, ovate and obtuse, nearly glabrous but sprink-
led with a few hairs, particularly along the veins, the lateral leaves gene-
rally subcordate. Panicle terminal, erect. Corolla purple, hoinentum
generflly 3-jointed. Joints hispid, nearly round.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers September.

7. C

ILIARE.

Leaves ternate, o-
vate, pubescent under-
neath, fringed along
the margin ; panicle
terminal; joints of the
pod semiorbicular, his-
pid.

482. Nutt. 2. p. 109.

H. foliis ternatis,
ovatis, subtus pubes-
centibus, margine ci-
liatis ; panicula termi-
nali ; lomenti articu-
lis semiorbiculatis,his-
pidis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1196. Pursh 2. p.

Stem erect, about 2 feet high, streaked, pubescent. Leaves ovate, some-
times a little rhomboidal, pubescent underneath, a little scabrous on the
upper surface, on a common peduncle rarely half an inch long. Panicle
terminal, composed of many simple racemes, nearly covered with small
flowers. Corolla purple. Calyx 4-cleft. Lomentum 2 — 3 jointed. Joints
nearly round, reticulate*

Var. Oblongifolium.

In the dry lands about Beaufort, I have always found this plant accom-
panied with a variety or perhaps species, resembling it entirely in habit,
size, in the clustered panicle of small flowers, but diflering in its leaves,
which are larger and proportionally more long, more glabrous, slightly
glaucous underneath, and growing on petioles an inch long.

Grows in dry sandy lands. Common about Beaufort.

riowers September and October.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

213

8. ROTUNDIFOLIUM.

H, prostiatiim, liir-
siitum; foliis teniatis,
01 bicLilatis ; stipulis
coiclatis, reflexis ; ra-
cemis axillaribus et
paniculato— termiiiali—
bus; lomenti articulis
siibrhomboideis.

Mich. 2. p. 72. Pursh 2. p. 484.

Prostrate, hirsute ;
leaves teriiate, orbicu-
lar: stipules cordate,
n fleeted; racemes ax-
illary, and paniculate
at the summit ; joints
of the pod nearly
rhomboidal.

Stem. 2 — 3 feet lone, geniculate, branching. Leaves a little scabrous,
and villons on both surfaces, paler underneath, common petiole from 1 —
11-2 inches long. Stipules cordate and acuminate, persistent. FloW'
ers sparingflv scat'ered on the racemes, common peduncle 6 — 18 inches
long. Calyx 4-cleft, the lower segment prolonged. Corolla pale pur-
ple, nearly white. Lomentum 3 — 4 jointed. Joints nearly rhomboidal,
reticulate, very pubescent along the margins. Varies sometimes with
leaves ovate, slightlv heart-shaped at base.

Grows in dry fertile soils.

Flowers August — September.

9. Bracteosum. Mich.

H. glabrum ; fohis
ternatis, ovatis, acu-
minatis acutissimis-
que ; stipulis oblique
ovatis ; panicula ter-
minali ; bracteis ma-
jusculis, ovatis, longe
acuminatis ; lomenti
articuhs subtriangu-
Jaribus. (

Mich. 2. p. 73. Pursh 2. p. 482.

H. Cuspidatum. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1198. Pursh 2 p. 483.

Plukenet t. 308. f. 5.

Stem 3 — 5 feet high, erect and decumbent, very glabrous below, a little,
scabrous near the summit. Leaves tapering to a very long and acute
gointj sometimes ciliate, and sprinkled with hairs along the veins, coni-

Glabrous ; leaves
ternate, ovate, acumi-
nate and very acute;
stipules obhquely o-
vate; panicle terminal;
bracteas large, ovate,
with a long acumina-
tion; joints of the pod
nearly triangular.

214

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

mon petiole 2 — 5 inches long. Racemes axillary and terminal, forming a
large loose panicle. Bracteas before the opening of the flowers imbri-
cate and conspicuous, when in flower, from the eloneation of the common
peduncle, the flowers appear thinly scattered on the stem. Calyx 4-cleft,
the upper segment bifid, the lower long. Cornlln purple, rather larger
than is common in this genus. Lomentum 3 — 6 jointed, often pendulouSj
very scabrous. Joints long and triangular.

Grows in rich dry soils.

Flowers August — September.

10. Canadense,

H.

oblongo

foliis ternatis,
aaceohitis ;
stipalis filiformibus ;
floribus racemosis ;
biacteis ovato-Ianceo-
lalis, acuminatis, cili-
atis; articulis lomeiiti
obtuse triangulis, his-
pidis.

long

Leaves ternate, ob-
laiiceolate ; sti-
pules filiform; flowers
iu racemes ; bracteas
ovate lanceolate, acu-
minate, ciliate ; joints
of the pod obtusely
triangular, hispid.

ed

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1187. Pursh 2. p. 481.

Stem about 2 feet high, erect, very pubescent near the summit, furrow-
Leaves long, lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate, pubescent on both sur-

faces, particularly along the veins. Flowers in compact,axillary racemes.
Bracteas large, closely imbricate and conspicuous before flowering as ia
H. Bracteosum. Corolla purple.

This species is said by Pursh to extend to Carolina. It very probably
can be found in our mountainous districts. I have however, never seen
it in the low country.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers July — August. Pursh.

11. Marilandicum.

H. foliis ternatis,
oblongis, subtus villo-
siusculis; stipolis sub-
ulatis ; racemis pani-
culatis ; lomentis tri-
articulatis, articulis

Leaves ternate, ob-
long, slightly villous
underneath; stipules
subulate; racemes pan-
iculate ; pods 3-joint-
ed, joints rhomboidal^

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA,

215

reticulate^ a little hairy.

rhombeis reticulatis,
piiosiu^culis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1189. Pursh 2. p. 482.

Stem erect, pubescent towards the summit. Leaves ovate, hairy on the
under surface, particularly along the veins, the lateral leaflets sessile and
slightly cordate, common petiole] — 2 inches long. P«H/c/e somewhat
loose and slender. Corolla purple. Lomentum 2 — 3 jointed, somewhat
rhomboidal.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers July — August*

12. RiGIDUM. E.

H. erectiim, ramo-
sissimum; foliis ob-
longo-ovatis, obtiisis,
reticiilatis, pubescen-
tibus; panicula ramo-
sa; bracteis ovato-lan-
ceolatis, acuminatis.

stem about 3 feet high, almost tomentose towards the summit. Leaves
nearly 2 inches long, 5 — 7 lines wide, thick, strongly reticulate and very
pubescent on the under surface, common petiole rarel}^ half an inch long.
Panicle composed of lonjr erect racemes. Bracteas small. Lower seg-
ment of the calyx much longer than the upper. Corolla small, purple.
Flowers at first crowded, scattered as the stalks extend.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers August — September.

Erect, much divi-
ded; leaves oblong-o-
vate, obtuse, reticu-
late, pubescent; pani-
cle branching ; brac-
teas ovate lanceolate,
acuminate.

13. L^viGATUM. Nutt.

gla-

H. ereclum,
berrimum ; foliis Ter-
natis, ovatis, acutis,
subcoriaceis, subtus
subglaucis ; panicula
composita, terminali ;
bracteis parvulis ; lo.
luenti articulis trian-

Erect, very gla-
brous; leaves ternale^
ovate, acute, some,
what coriaceous,shght-
ly glaucous under-
neath ; panicle com-
pound, terminal; brac-
teas small; joints of

216

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

gularibus, pubescenti-
bus.

Nutt. 2. p. 109.

the pod triangular J,
pubescent.

Stem 3 — 4 feet high, sometimes decumbent, a little pubescent towarrk
the summit. Leaves sometimes slightly acuminate, veiny, common peti-
ole 1 — 3 inches long, partial petioles about 3 lines long. Floivers in a
large compound panicle, (florets as is common in this jjenus,) 2 from each
bud,on peduncles 5 — 8 lines long. Bracteas ovate,acuminate, ciliate, 2 —
3 lines long. Calyx 4-cleft, the upper segment emarginatcthe lower one
nearly twice as long as the rest. Corolla purple. LomentumS — 5 joint-
ed. Joints triangular, pubescent.

This plant has, as remarked by Mr. Nuttall, some resemblance to the
H. Bracteosum, it differs however, in its leaves, which are wider, thicker
and not so acute, and by its small bracteas. It was sent by me many
years ago, as a distinct species, to Dr. Muhlenberg under the name of H.
Coriaceum.

Grows in rich dry soils near Beaufort.

Flowers August to October.

14. Rhombifolium, E.

H. pubescens ; fo-
liis ternatis, rliomboi
dels, obtusis, crassius-
culis, reticulato-rugo-
sis ; panicula compo-
sita ; bracteis parvu-
lis ; lo mentis 1 — 3 ar-
ticulatis, articulis sub-
orbiculatis, v0nosis.

Pubescent ; leaves
ternate, rhomboidal,
obtuse, thick, reticu-
late, rugose ; panicle
compound ; bracteas
small; pods 1-3 joint-
ed Joints nearly round,
veined.

Stem 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves somewhat thick and rugose, paler un-
derneath, the lateral leaflets frequently obtuse, the terminal always rhom-
boidal, common petiole 6 — 10 lines long, the partial about 1 line, sti-
pules subulate, 3 — 4 lines long. Buds 2 — 3 flowered, proper peduncle
3 — 5 lines long. Bracteas ovate, lanceolate, acuminate, hairy. Calyx
4.cleft, the upper segment slightly emarginate, the lower one a little long-
er than the others. Corolla purple. Lomentum 1 — 3 jointed. Joints
nearly round, very pubescent.

Grows in dry soils about Beaufort.

Flowers September — October.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

217

15. ViRIDIFLORUM.

H. erectum ; foliis
ternatis, ovatis, obtu-
sis, supra scabris^sub-
tus mollissime villosis;
paniciila terminali,
longissima, subniida ;
lomenti articulis tri-
angularibiis.

Clayton Flora Virgin, p.
Walt. p. 185.

109.

Erect; leaves ter-
natCj ovate, obtuse,
scabrous on the upper
surface, villous and
very soft underneath;
panicle terminal, very
long, naked ; joints of
the pod triangular.

no. 190. Linnsei. Sp. pi. 1055.

Stem 3 — 4 feet high, pubescent, very scabrous towards the summit.
Leaves ovate, sometimes acute, very scabrous on the upper surface, cloth-
ed with a velvet like tomentum on the under, 2 — 3 inches long, 1 — 1 1-2
wide, common petiole 1 — 2 inches long. Peduncles very scabrous and
sometimes viscid. Calyx 4-cleft, the upper segment bilid, the lower one
longer than the rest. Petals purple within, greenish without. Lomen-
tum 3 — 4 jointed, joints oblong, triangular.

This plant as was remarked to me by Dr. Muhlenberg in his letters,
is evidently the original H. Viridiflorum of Clayton and Gronovius,
"foliis magnis supei'ne asperrimis, subtus mollibus althea instar" and
therefore of Linnseus. Walter, Michaux, Willdenow and Pursh have un-
der this name described another species.

Grows in dry soils. Very common.

Flowers from June to October.

16. SCABERRIMUM. E.

H. erectum, scaber-
rimum; fohis ternatis,
ovatis,superne attenu-
atis, acutis, canescen-
ti-pubescentibus ; sti-
pulis ovatis, acumina-
tis, persistentibus; pa-
nicula majuscula, ter-
minali; lomenti arti-
culis majusculis, sub-
tr i angularib us, hispi-
dissimis.

Erect, very sca-
brous; leaves ternate,
ovate, tapering to the
summit, acute, hairy,
pubescent ; stipules
ovate, acuminate, per-
sistent ; panicle large^
terminal; joints of the
pod large, somewhat
triangular, very his-
pid.

VOL. II,

e2

218

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Stem 3 — 4 feet high, branching, and with most parts of this plant more
scabroiLS than any other species we have described. Leaves of a pale
green, beautifully veined,hair3f,and scabrous particularly on the under sur-
face, very obtuse at base, common peduncles 2 — 3 inches long. Stipu-
les dilated at base, large, obliquely ovate, acuminate, hairy and persis-
tent. Bracteas ovate, lanceolate, hairy. Calyx 4 cleft. Corolla 3 times
as large as the calyx, purple. Lomentiwi larger than in any other of our
own species, 3 — G jointed, joints somewhat triangular.

This is one of the species which has been referred to the H. Canescens
of Linnaeus — The H. Canescens of Willdenow, is the H. Rotundifolium
of Michaux, and our later botanists. I have among my specimens one
sent me as the H. Canescens, according to Sir James Edward Smith, in
which the leaves resemble this very much in shape, size, and colour, but
are thinner in their texture, less hairy, less scabrous, not so distinctly ar-
ticulate, and the flowers apparently forming much more compact racemes,
with bracteas nearly thrice as long as in our plant.

Grows in dry soils. Very common.

Flowers June and August.

17. LiNEATUM. Mich.

H. caule repente, vi-
ridi iineato; foliis sub-
sessilibus, trifoliatis,
suborbiculatis; racemis i
elongatis^ laxe parvi-
floris ; lomenti ar-
ticulis lenlicularibus.

Mich. 2. p. 72.

Stem creeping,
streaked with green ;
leaves nearly ses-
sile, trifoliate, nearly
round; racemes long,
with small scattered
flowers; joints of the
pod lenticular.

If the Stem of this plant had been rigidly erect, it would resemble ve-
ry much the H. ciliare of this sketch. If no error has crept into the des-
cription of Michaux, his plant has not recently been seen by any of our
botanists.

Grows in Carohna^ Michaax.

ZORNIA,

Calyx campanula-
tus, ^labiatus. VeX"
ilium cordatum, revo-
lutum. Antherce al-

Calyx camp anil-
late, bilabiate. Vex-
ilium cordate, revo-
lute. Anthers alter-

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

219

teniae oblongaB, alter-
nae globosae. Lomen-
turn articulatum, his-
pidiim.

1. Tetraphylla.

Z. foliis digitato-
quadrifoliatis; folio-
lis Ianceolatis,glabris;
spicis axillaribus, pe-
dimculatis ; floribus
alternis bibracteatis,
bracteis suborbiculatis.

nately oblong and glo-
bular. Pod jointed,
hispid.

Leaves digitate,
leaflets 4, lanceolate,
glabrous; spikes axil-
lary, on peduncles ;
flowers alternate, pro-
tected by two nearly
round bracteas.

Mich. fl. Araer. 2. p. 76.
p. 181.

Pursh. 2. p. 484. Anon, bracteat. Walt.

Root somewhat cylindrically tuberous,perennial. Stem herbaceous,pro8-
trate, branching in every direction, about 2 feet long, glabrous. Leaves
digitate, generally by fours, leaflets lanceolate, very acute, the lower one

sometimes obovate, all entire, glabrous and dotted; common petiole 1 2

inches long, partial petioles scarcely one line long. Stipules lanceolate,
very acute, deciduous. Floioers in long (4 — 8 inches) simple, axillary
spikes, somewhat distichous on the spike. Bracteas 2 at the base of each
flower, covering the bud and nearly enclosing the expanded flower, lan-
ceolate, ciliate, acuminate, attached to the stem near its summit. Calyx,
4 cleft, the upper segment broad, emarginate, all frmged. Corolla yel-
low,the vexillum and keel longer than the wings. *SYame/ismonadelphous
the stameniferous tube divided to the middle, the segments alternately
longer. Anthers 5 round, 5 oblong. Lomentum 2 — 4 jointed, joints
nearly round, rugose and hispid. In its artificial character this plant is
very nearly allied to the genus Hedysarum,where it was formerly placed..
In habit it is very distinct.

Grows in the driest sandy lands.

Flowers June to August.

^SCHYNOMENE. Gen. Pl. 1202.

Calyx bilabiatus.
LiOmentum compres-
sum, sutura altera rec-
ta, altera lobata, arti-
culis truncatis; l-^per-

Calyx bilabiate*
Pod (Lomentum) com-
pressed with one su-
ture straight, the other
lobed; the joints trun-

220

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

mis. Stamina in pha-
langes duas aequales
divisa.

1. ViSCIDULA.

M. caule prostrate,
gracili, viscido-pu-
bescente;foliolis 7 — 9,
obovatis ; peduneulis
subbifloris ; lomento
pubescente, profunda
incisura articulato.

cate, 1 seeded. Sta^
7nens divided into two
equal phalanxes.

Stem prostrate, slen-
der, viscidly pubes-
cent; leaflets 7 — 9 ob-
ovate; peduncles gen-
erally 2 flowered ; pod
pubescent, with the
joints deeply notched.

Mich. 2 p. 74. Pursh. 2 p- 485. Nutt. 2 p. 111.

Root perennial. Stem about 3 feet long, branching. Leaves obovate,
very obtuse, oblique, finely reticulate. Stipules small, ovate and acu-
minate. Racemes axillary, 2 — 3 flowered,longer than the leaves. Calyx
almost equally 5 cleft, with 2 persistent bracteas at the base. Corolla yel-
low. Lomentum composed of two very distinct rounded joints, hispid,
conspicuously mucronate.

Grows in sandy soils in the southern paits of Georgia.

Flowers.

2. H

ISPIDA.

JEi. caule erecto,pe-
tiolis-que tuberculato-
hispido; foUis multiju-
gis; foliolis linearibus,
obtusis ; stipulis mem-
branaceis,semisagitta-
tis ; racemis simplici-
bus,paucifloris; lomen-
tis hispidis.

Stem erect and with
the petioles hispid and
tubercled ; leaves in
many pair, leaflets lin-
ear, obtuse; stipules
membranaceous, se-
misagittate ; racemes
simple, few flowered ;
pods hispid.

Willd. Sp. PI. 3 p. 1163. Pursh. 2 p. 485. Nutt. 2 p. 111.

Annual. Stem 2—3 feet high, hispid. Leaflets oval, very nume-
rous. Racemes simple,few flowered, generally bearing a leaf. Calyx 2 lip-
ped, deeply divided, the upper lip bifid,the lower trifid,with the interme-
diate segment very small. Corolla much larger than the Calyx, yellow,

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

221

tinged with reddish purple. Lomentu?n composed of many (7 — 10) ve-
ry indistinct joints, very hispid.

I have had no opportunity of examining this plant in a living state; it is
said by Pursh, on the authority of the herbarium of Gronovius to be the
original Hedysarum Virginicum of Linnaeus. It scarcely can be arranged
with that genus, but I think also with M. Nuttall, that it cannot remain
in the same genus with the preceding species.

Grows in damp and marshy soils.

Flowers July and August,

SESBANIA PoiRET

Calyx dentibus sub-
aequalibus. Legume?!
elongatum, subcylin-
dricum, 2-valve, dis-

sepimentis tranversis. j transverse partition.

Teeth of the calyx
nearly equal. Pod
long, nearly cylindri-
cal, 2 valved, with a

1. Macrocarpa. Muhl.

S. foliis sine impari
pinnatis, multijugis,
(10— 25;)foliolisellip.
ticis, glabris, subtus
glaucescentibus ; ra-
cemis axillaribus,pau-
cifloris ; leguminibus
subteretibus, elonga-
tis.

Leaves equally pin-
nate ; leaflets 10 — 25
pair,elliptic, glabrous,
slightly glaucous un-
derneath; racemes ax-
illary, few flowered;
pods nearly terete,
long.

Annual. Stem 4 — 12 feet high, glabrous, with expanding branches.
Leaflets entire, slightly mucronate, 5 — 12 lines long, 3 wide. Stipule&
subulate, a little hairy, caducous. Racemes shorter than the leaves.
Calyx pubescent along the margin, teeth subulate, the two upper ones
reflected Corolla yellowish, dotted with purple on the outer surface,
vexillum larger than the other petals, reflected. Stamens diadelphous.
Legume about a foot long, obscurely 4 angled, slender, compactly filled
with cylindrical or reniform seeds.

Grows around ponds. Not common. Paris Islanil.

Flowers August to Oitobfr.

2221

DIADELPHIA DEGANDRIA.

Leaves evenly pin-
nated; leaflets 10 — 20
pair, oblong, obtuse,
glabrous; racemes few
flowered, shorter than
the leaves; pod lan-
ceolate, stipitate, gen-
erally 2 seeded.

2. Vesicaria. Jacq.

S 1 foliis sine impa-
rl pinnatis, multijugis,
(10 — 20;) folioUs ob-
longis,obtusis, glabris;
racemis paucifloris,fo-
lio brevioribus ; lo-
mentis lanceolatis,
longe stipitatis subdi-
spermis.

S. Platycarpa Persoon Synopsis 2. p. Sl6. Nutt. 2. p. 112.

S. Disperma. Pursh 2. p. 485.

Robinia vesicaria. Jacq. ic. rar. 1. t. 48.

Phaca floridana. Pers. Syn. 2. p. 331. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1252.

iEschynomene platycarpa. Mich. 2. p. 75.

Plant about 7 feet high, glabrous. Leaves equally pinnate, the com-
mon petiole ending in a bristle ; leaflets sprinkled with a few hairs near
the base. Racemes 4 — 8 flowered. Calr/x 5 toothed. Petals equal,
yellow. Lomentum conspicuously stipitate, rigidly mucronate, with both
sutures thickened, the two tunics of the pod separate in an unusual man-
ner when they are mature, so that the seeds appear to be inclosed in an
interior integument. From this circumstance Jacquin's trivial name was
derived, which I have retained, not only as prior in time, but perhaps
as most appropriate. To the preceding species however, this plant is not
allied, and after being so often removed, it has still to find an abiding
place.

Grows in damp soils. Not very common, sometimes seen cear Charles-
ton.

Flowers August — September.

#^# Legume many seeded. Stigma
pubescent

LATHYRUS. Gen. Pl. 1186.

Calycis laciniae su-
periores 2, breviores. the
Stylus planus, supra
villosus, superne lati-
or.

Upper segments of

calyx 2, short.

Style flat, villous on

the upper side, wider

towards the summit.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

223

Peduncles one flow-
ered, long ; stipules
falcate ; cirihi 2 leav-
ed, simple; leaves lin-
ear lanceolate.

1. PuSILLUS. E.

L. pedunculis uni-
floris, elongatis ; sti-
pulis falcatis, cirrliis
diphyllis, simplicibus ;
foliis lineari-lanceola-
tis.

A small slender vine, glabrous. Stem angled and winged. Stipules
nearly half an nich long, very acute. Leaves about an inch and a quar-
ter long, nerved, acute at each end, tendrils divided. Segments of the
Calyx very acute. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, purjle. Legume
long, slightly lalcate, many seeded (about 14.) •' ' * ^ . «

This plant, which appears to have much affinity to the L. Angustifolia
of Europe, was found by the late Dr. Trescott on Cooper River in St
John s parish, and is described from his specimens.

Flowers in May.

VICIA. G

Calyx superne e-
marginatus, 2-denta-
tus, inferne dentibus
3, rectis.longis. Vex-
ilium emarginatum.
Stigma latere inferi-
ore transverse barba-
tiun.

1. Sativa.
V. floribus binis
subsessilibus ; stipulis
dentatis^macula nota-
tis; foliolis oblongo o-
vatis, retusis, mucro-
natis ; leguminibus e-
rectis,subtereti-linear.
ibus, glabris. Sp. pi.
3. p. 1104.

Walt. p. 183. Mich. 2. p. 09.

EN. Pl. 1187.

Upper lip of the ca-
lyx emarginate^slight-
ly 2-toothed, the low-
er with 3 straight long
teeth. Vexillum e-
marginate. Stigma
transversely bearded
on the lower side.

Flowers in pairs,
nearly sessile; stipules
toothed^ spotted; leaf-
lets oblong-ovate, re-
tuse, mucronate; pods
erect, slender, nearly
terete, glabrous.

Pursh 2. p. 471.

224

•lADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Stem 4-angled, pubescent, branching, 2—6 feet long. Leaves pinnate,
terminating with a tendril ; leaflets generally 6 pair, elliptic, but retuse
and pointed at the summit, pubescent. Stipules 2-lobed, the lobes divar-
icate, notched, pubescent, with a black spot at the base. Flowers axilla-
ry, sessile, solitary or in pairs. Cahjx 5-cleft, segments nearly equal, cy-
lindrical. Seeds numerous, (about 10,) glabrous.

Grows about Charleston very abundantly.

Flowers March — June.

2. MiTCHELLi. Rafinesque.

Peduncles axillary,
solitary, many flower-
ed; stipules small; leaf-
lets numerous (10 —
14,) linear lanceolate,
retuse, mucronate ;
pods 2-seeded, hairy.

V. pedunculis axil-
laribus, solitariis, mul-
tifloris ; stipulis parvu-
lis ; foliolis plurimis
(10 — 14,) lineari-lan-
ceolatis, retusis, mu-
cronatis ; leguminibus
dispermis, pilosis. E.

Annual? humble. Stem very much branched and diffused over the
small herbage in its neighbourhood. Leaves alternate, terminating in di-
vided tendrils; leaflets numerous,(8— 14,) small, linear lanceolate, some-
times cuneate, obtuse and emarginate at the summit, pointed by the pro-
jecting midrib. Flowers 4—6 near the summit of the peduncles, rather
more than an inch long, small, greyish white. Legumes small, veivy
hairy, and I believe constantly 2 seeded. , n ,.

This species, which was first noticed at New-York, by Mr. Rafinesque
ts distinct from the V. Pusilla, grows very abundantly on some farms in
the vicinity of Charleston.

Flowers March — April.

3. Caroliniana,

V. pedunculis mul-
tifloris, folia sequanti-
bus, vel superantibus;
stipulis lanceolatis, in-
tegerrimis; foliolis 8
— 10, elliptico-lanceo-
latis, pubescentibus.

Walt.

Peduncles many
flowered, as long as
or longer than the
leaves ; stipules lance-
olate, entire ; leaflets
8 — ibj oblong lanceo-
late, pubescent.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1094. Walt. p. 182. Pursh. 2. p. 472.
V. Parviflora ? Mich, 2. p. 69'

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 2^6

Perennial, much branched, running over shrubs 8 — 10 feet high.
Leaves terminating with a 3-clel't tendril ; leaflets 8 — lO.ellipticor ovate,
generally obtuse. Flowers very numerous, on long peduncles. Calyx
hairy, segments short and obtuse. Corolla white, the vexillura marked
with a black spot. The Legume sojuewhat falcate, mucronate. Seeds
numerous, small.

(Jrows in damp rich soils, frequent along the margins of swamps.

Flowers Apiil.

4. AcUTIFOLIA. E.

V. pediinculis pau-
cifloris, folia siiperan-
tibusj stipulis laiiceo-
latis, integris; foliolis
paucis (6) line ari bus,
utriiique aculis; caule
glabro.

Peduncles few flow-
ered^ longer than the
leaves; stipules lance-
olate, entire ; leaflets
few (6) linear, acute
at each end; stem gla-
brous.

Perennial? Stem glabrous, somewhat angled, running over small
shrubs 2 — 3 feet high. Leavefi terminating in a tendril, generally undivi-
ded ; leaflets 3 pair, sessile, glabrous, 10 — 15 lines long, very acute.
Flowers few in my specimens, not exceeding 5 on the long peduncles.
Upper lip of the Calyx nearly truncate. Corolla white. Legume glar
brous, very slightly falcate, mucronate, many seeded. Seeds small.

Grows in Scrivcn county, Georgia.

Flowers April — May.

PHACA. Gen. Pl. 1378.

Carina obtusa.
Stylus imberbis.

Stigma capitatum.
Legumen semibilocu-
lare, inflatum.

1. ViLLOSA.

P. subacaulis, pilo-
sissima; foliolis ovali-
bus ; pedunculis folia
subaequantibus; legu-

voL. n. r2

Keel obtuse. Style
unbearded. Stigma
capitate. Pod infla-
ted, semibilocular.

Humble,very hairy;
leaflets oval ; pedun-
cles as long as the
leaves ; pods hoary^

226

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

minibus incano-villo- | very villous,assurgeiit;
sissimis,assiirgentibiiSj | oblong.

oblongis.

Mich.

Nutt. 2. p. 97.
Astragalus villosus.

JMich. 2. p. 66 Pursh 2. p. 473.

Annual ? Plant small, procumbent, altogether villous. Leaves une-
qually pinnate ; leaflets numerous, (about 10 besides the terminal one,)
elliptic and sometimes nearly round. Floivers clustered at the summit of
the peduncles, which in my specimens are much longer than the leaves.
Teeth of the calyx long and acute. Corolla yellow. Legumen inflated,
and with the calyx covered with long hoary pubescence. Seeds few,
small.

Grows in dry sandy lands. Occurs occasionally near Savannah.
. Flowers April — May.

ASTRAGALUS. Gen. Pl. 1208.

Carm« obtusa. Le-
guiiien biloculare aut
subbiloculare, sutura
inferiore intioflexa.

1. Carolinianus.

A. canlescens, e-
rectus ; foliolis (41)
oblongiSj subtus pu-
bescentibus; spicis pe-
duncitlatis ; bracteis
lanceolatis, pedunculi
longitudine ; legumin-
ibus ovatis, tumidis,
rostratis.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 1273, Walt. p. 183

Keel obtuse. Pod
somewliat 2-celled by
the internal extension
of the inferior suture.

Caulescent^ erect ;
leaflets (41) oblong,
pubescent underneath;
spikes pedunculate ;
bracteas lanceolate^as
long as the peduncles;
pods ovate, tumid,
beaked.

Mich. 2. p. 66. Pursh 2. p. 472.

Tloot perennial. Stem glabrous. Leaves unequally pinnate,leaflets ve-
ry numerous, when young elliptic, when old ovate lanceolate, obtuse, gla-
brous on the upper surface, very hairy underneath. Floioers numerous,
in compact axillary spikes, on long peduncles. Calyx very hair}*, tube
truncated, teeth subulate, small. Corolla pale yellow, much longer thai*
calyx.

Grows among the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers, June, and July. Pursh.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

227

2 Canadensis.

A. caulescens, dif-

fiisiis ; Ibliolis (21) ii-
Irinque glabris ; legu-
miuibus subcylinclri-
cis, mucronalis.

Caulescent^ diffuse;
leaflets (21,) glabrous
on both surfaces; pods
somevrhat cyliudric,
mucionate.

Sp. PL 3. p. 1274. Walt. p. 183. Pursh 2. p. 472.

Ste}}i prostrate terete. Root creeping. Leaves ghiljrous on both 'sides,
somewhat glaucous underneath. Co//^x' smooth, green. Corolla yellow,
Legume cyUndrical, depressed, mucronate. Linnseus.

In u\y specimens the leaves are hairy underneath, and the plant bears
a strong resemblance to the preceding species. It seems to differ by the
smaller number of its leaflets and flowers.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers Jul}', August, Pursli.

3.

G

LABER.

Mich.

Caulescent, gl^*=
brous ; leaflets nume-
rous,small, oval,shght-
ly fringed; spikes few
flowered, on long pe-
duncles; pods distant;,
terete, incurved.

A. caulescens, gla-
ber; foliolis plurimis,
parvulis, ovahbus,sub-
ciliatis; spicis longe
pedunculatis, pauciflo-
ris ; leguminibus dis-
tantibus, teretibus, in-
curvis.

INIich. 2. p. 66. Pursh 2. p. 472 >

Stsm about 2 feet high, glabrous, heaves very numerous, much smal-
ler than in either of the preceding species, obtuse, sometimes emarginate,
hairy along the edges, peduncles as long as the leaves,bearing a few flowers
(3 — 6) near the summit. Cali/x a little hairy, the teeth broad and short
Corolla white, much larger than the calyx.

Grows in the high pine barrens in Scriven County, Georgia -

Flowers Apiil.

4. Obcordatus. E.

A? glaber; foliolis 1 Glabrous ; leaflets
parvulis, plurimis (15 j small; numerous (15

228

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA-

— 19) obcordatis ; pe-
dimcLilis elonsatis
floribiis albidis.

•&•

— 19) obcordate ; pe-
dunclces long; flowers
white.

Plant small and apparently decumbent, heaiies uneqiiaily pinnate, leaf-
lets 2 — 3 lines Icnsj, completely obcoidnte, on very short partial peti-
oles. Per/emc/es robust,beariiif^ at their summit 8 — 12 flow^ers. Bracteas
subulate, scarcely longer than the partial peduncle. Calyx a little hairy,
segments lonjr, subulate. Corolla white.

This remarkable species was sent to me from St. Marys' by the late
Dr. Baldwin as the A glaber of IMichaux. From the specimen the
corolla appears to have been white, the Legume I have not seen.

Grows in the Southern Districts of Georgia near St. Mary's.

Flowers.

^%%% Zjpgume many seeded , X-celled, not
included in the preceding sections,

PHASEOLUS. Gen. Pl. 1180.

Carina cum stami-
nibus styloque spiral-
iter torta. .Leguraen
compresum, falcatum.
tSemina compressa^ re-
niformia.

1 Perennis, Walt.

p. caule volubili ;
racemis paiiiculatis,
subgeminatis ; foliolis
ovatisjacuminatis, tri-
plinervibus, pubescen-
tibus ; leguminibus
pendulis.

Keel with the sta-
mens and style spiral-
ly twisted. Pod
compressed, falcate.
Seeds compressed, re-
niform.

Stem voluble ; ra-
cemes paniculatCjgen-
erally in pairs ; leaf-
lets ovate, acuminate,
triplinerved, pubes-
cent; pods pendulous.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 1031. Walt. 182. Pursh 2. 469.
P. paniculatus. Mich. 2. p. 60.

Root perennial. Stem pubescent, climbing freely over small shrubs.
heaves ternate, the lateral leaves gibbous on one side, common petiole

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

229

2—4 inches lontr. Stipules lanceolate,acuminate, small. Racemes or rather
panicles, 1 — 3 in each axil but not of the same age, 4 — 8 inches long.
Two small hairy bracteas at the base of each calyx Calyx 2 hpped? the
upper lip nearly truncate and eraarginate, the lower 3 cleft, ihe segments
broad, short, acute. Corolla purple, vexillum large, reflected, the keel
compressed, spiral. Legumen broad, falcate, mucronate. Seeds nume-
rous, attached alternately to each valve.

Grows in damp rich land. Along the margins of swamps.

Flowers July — September.

STROPHOSTYLES. E.

Carina cum stami-
nibiis styloque spiral
iter torla. Lieo;u7nen
teres, subbilociilare.
Semina cylindrico-re-
niformia.

Keel with the sta-
mens and style spiral-
ly twisted. Legumen
terete, somewhat bi-
1 ocular. Seed reni-
form, nearly cylindri-
cal.

1 A

NGULOSA.

Leaves tern ate, leaf-
lets angular 2 — 3 lo-
bed; peduncles longer
than the leaves; flow-
ers in heads.

105G. Muhl. Cat. p. 64.
60. Pursh. 2. p. 470.

S. foliis ternatis,
foIioHs angulatis, bilo-
bis trilobisque ; pe-
dunculo foliis longiore;
floribus capitatis.

Glycine angulosa. Sp. pi. 3. p.
Phaseolus trilobus. JNIich, 2. p.

Annual. Stem prostrate, a little scabrous and hairy. Leaflets a little
hairy particularly along the veins and margin, sometimes distinctly 3 lo-
bed, sometimes only angled, with one lateral lobe entire and the other
wanting. Common Petioles about 2 inches long. Flotcers (8 — 14)
clustered at the summit of peduncles 4 to 6 inches long. Stipules small,
acute, membranaceous. Calyx 4-cleft, the upper segment oval, slightly
2-cleft. Corolla purple ; the vexillum reflected ; wings short, erect ; keel
acuminate, spirally twisted, depressing the vexillum. Stamens diadelphous,
long, and with the style mcluded in the carina and bending whh it. Le-
gume terete, slender, pubescent. Seeds many, reniform, somewhat cylin-
drical.

On the sea coast of Carolina the leaves of this plant vary as I have de-
scribed them. Dr. Baldwin sent me, from the neighbourhood of St. Ma-
ry's, specimens much njore distinctly 3-lobid and resembling very strong-

230

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

ly the figure of Plokenet Aim. t. 120. f. 7- referred to by Linnaeus under
the Glycine triloba.

Grows on the sand hills along the margin of the ocean.

Flowers August to October.

2. Helvola.

S. foliis ternatis,
deltoidibus, oblongis ;
floribus capitatis; vex-
illis brevibus; alls ex-
paiisis^ maximis.

Phaseolus helvolus. Willd. Sp

Leaves ternate^del-
toid, oblong ; flowers
ill heads ; vexillum
short ; wings expand-
ed, very large.

pi. 3. p. 1032. Pursh 2. p. 470.

This plant is to me still obscure; among all the specimens I have seen
belonging toJ,this genus, I have met with none with large expanded wings.
Grows in Carolina. Linnaeus.
Flowers.

3. Peduncularis. Miihl,

Leaves ternate, ob-
long ovate; flowers in
heads; vexillum large,
emarginate ; wings
small; seeds woolly.

60. Wah. p. 182.

S. foliis ternatis,
oblongo ovatis; flori-
bus capitatis ; vexillo
majusciilo, emargina-
to; aUs parvulis ; se-
minibus lanosis.

Phaseolus helvolus. Mich. 2. p,
P. vexillatus. Pursh 2. p. 470.

Stem prostrate or climbing on small shrubs, and with the whole plant
a little hairy, heaves oblong, ovate, tapering a little irregularly towards
the summit. Common petioles 10 — 15 lines long. 5f/^?//es lanceolate,
acute. Flowers 5 — 7 at the summit of a common peduncle, 6 — 7 inch-
es long. Ca7i/.T 4-parted; upper segment broad, obtuse. Corolla pur-
ple. Vexillum nearly round. Wings oval, small, angled, as usual in this
class, near the base. " Carina as long as the vexillum, spiral. Legumen
terete, a little hairy.

Grows in dry and fertile soils.

Flowers July to September.

The plants in this genus form a small but very natural group. They
have been arranged by different Botanists as species of Phaseolus, Doli-
chos and Glycine : to the Glycine, as it now remains in this sketch, they
have no ?ifiinity, but they certainly form an intermediate genus between

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

231

heDolichosandthePhaseoIus, resembling the former very much in its
habit and m the legumen, the latter in the structure of the corolla, and
they .nignt be arranged with either of these genera with great propriety,
il only one feature of its inflorescence is considered. f f ^t

DOLICHOS. Gen. Pl. 1181.

Vexilli basis callis
2-paralIeIis oblongis,
alas subtiis compri-
mentibiis.

1. LuTEOLUS.

D. volubilis, piibes-
cens; foliolis ovatis,
acuminatis ; pediincu-
lis foliis longioribiis ;
spicis brevibus^ sub
capitatis; vexiJIo Jato,
reflexo; alls rhomboi-
deis.

Base of the vexil-
lum furnished with 2
parallel, oblong callo-
sities, compressing the

Sp. pl. 3. p. 1038. Pursh 2. p. 470. Nutt. 2.

Wings.

Voluble, pubescent,
leaflets ovate, acumi-
nate ; peduncles long-
er than the leaves;
spikes short,somewhat
capitate ; vexillum
broad,reflected; wings
rhomboidal.

p. 112.

Annual. Stem running over small shrubs. 'Leaiiets ovatP t^r...-
to a very acute point, very slightly acuminate, on pScler 4 Sf

r/i-clS'^Th'ti;; 1 '' '" ^"""'^ f P^^'""^^^« 2L4 inchL long." t
lyx o-cielt, with the lower segment longer than the rp«t /-^,.J/ V

yellow. Carina .a.her l„„ge? ,ha„ .helexZn" c„Z Lsed f fafdl
spiral. Ugmmn somewhat compressed, a little hairy"^' '"

arotriavan™!,'""'- ^"'^ '°'™°" """^ *' ""S-^ °f "'C rice fields
Flowers October — November.

APIOS. M

Calyx subbilabia-
tus, truncatus, imiden-

OENCH.

Calyx somewhat 2
lipped, truncated, one

232

DIADELFHIA DECANDRIA,

toothed. Keel falcate,
reflecting the vexil-
lum. Germ sheath-
ed at base. Pod co-
riaceous, many seed-
ed.

tatns. Carina falcata,
vexillum reflectens.
Germen basi vagina-
turn. Legumeii cori-
aceum, polyspermum.

1. TuBEROSA.

S^l^?pio?•s^^!•3%^'olf. WaU.p.XS6. M>ch..p.S..

Root perennial, bearing small tubers. Stem frutescent, voluble, climb-
in- over lar^e shmbs, a little scabrous and hairy Leaves unequally pin-
nate Leaiets 5—7, ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly scabrous and sprink-
led with hair. 5iii>«/eninear,hairy,small. FWr. numerous, on axillary
racemes shorter than the leaves. Calyx with the upper hp truncated the
oweTwi\hoTe, sometimes with three small teeth. Corolla brown. Vexrl-
7«rreflected. Wings smaller, erect. Xee/as long as the vexillum, mc^xx-
7a Stamens ^J Style incurved with the keel. Legumen terete, gla-

brous. Seeds reniform. . i ,

This eenus, in its artificial character, agrees very nearly with the pre-

ceedin-, it differs however in its calyx, its germ, and very much m its ha-

hit and mav with propriety be kept distinct.

This plant was the original Glycine of Linnaeus, and ought to have re-

tainedthe name. The tubeis formed an article of food to the Aborigines

of this country. . r

Grows in damp rich soils, along the margins of swamps.
Flowers July— August.

AMPHICARPA. E.

Calyx quadriden-
tatus. Petala oblon-
ga, aequalia. Vexil-
lum lateribus appres-
sis. Stigma capita-
turn. Legumen com-
pressum, stipitatum,
2 — 4 spermum.

1. MONOICA.

A. foliis ternatiSjO-
vatis, glabris; caule

Calyx four toothed.
Petals oblong, equal
Vexillum with the
sides appressed. -6*%-
ma capitate. Pod
compressed, stipitate^
2—4 seeded.

Leaves ternate, o-
vate, glabrous; stem

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

233

piloso ; racemis cau-
linis pendiilis, corolla-
tis sterilibns; pedun-
culis radicalibus ape-
talis, fructiferis. Will.

Journal Nat. Sci. Philada. 1. p.
Glycine Monoica. Sp> pi. 3. p.
p. 485.

Anon. Carolin. Walt. p. 188.

hairy; racemes of the
stem pendulous, bear-
ing petals, sterile; pe-
duncles from the root,
without petals, bear-
ing fruit.

373. Nutt. 2. p. lis.
1055. Mich. 2. p. 64. Pursh 2.

Root perennial, creeping. Stem voluble, climbing over shrubs, angti-
lar, retrorsely hairy. Leaves ternate, ovate lanceolate, thin, hairy, sca«-
brous on the upper surface ; common petiole 3 — 4 inches long. Stipules
ovate, subulate, hairy. Floicers in clustered pendulous racemes, general-
ly sterile. Calyx tubular, a little gibbous at base, hair}', 4-toothed, teeth
acuminate. Corolla white, tinged with violet, segments of the stamini-
ferous tube alternately long and short. Anthers oblong. Germ sheath*-
ed at base. Legume smooth, 3 — 4 seeded.

Besides the flowers that we have described, this plant appears to pro-
duce near the surface of the earth racemes, of which the flowers are on-
ly furnished with a calyx, and the rudiments of a style. From these pro-
ceed a one seeded, ovate, torulose pod, which sinks into the eartii and
there ripens. I have known the plant cultivated for these subtefrsuiewBt?
pods, which were used as a vegetable for the table.

Grows in rich light lands.

Flowers through the summer.

2. Sarmentosa.

A. foliis ternatis o-
vatis, glabris; ra-
cemis filiformibuSjSub-
trifloris ; floribus ap-
etalis ; leguminibus
oblongis, dispermis.
Willd.

Nutt. 2. p. 114.
Glycine Sarmentosa.

Leaves ternate, o-
vate, glabrous ; ra*
cemes filiform, gene-
rally three flowered ;
flowers apetalous ;
pods oblong, two seed-
ed.

Sp. pi. S. p. 1055. Pursh 2. p. 485.

5/em voluble. Leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, acute, 1^ inches long.
Summits of the branches filiform, hanging down, bearing flowers. C'a~

toh. II, a 2

234

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

lyx villous, short, 4-toothed. Coi'olla 0. Pod oblong, compressed, 2-
seeded. Seeds grey, spotted with black. Willd.

Grows in Carolina.

Flowers July — August. Pursh.

GLYCINE Gen. PI. 1182.

Calyx quadrifidus,
lacinia superiore bi-
dentata. Alceh^iSi bi-
dentatae. Germen ba-
si nudum. Legumen
compressum, disper-
mum, sessile.

Calyx 4-cleft, the
upper segment two
toothed. Wings two
toothed at base.
Ger^ii naked at base.
Pod compressed, two
seeded, sessile.

1. SiMPLiciFOLiA. Walt.

Leaves simple, or-
bicular, rugose; clus-
ters terminal and ax-
illary.

G. foliis simphci-
bus, orbiculatis, rugo-
sis ; fasciculis termi-
naUbus, axillaribus-
que. I

Nutt. 2. p. 115.

G. tomentosa var. monophylla Mich. 2. p. 65.

Trifoliuni simplicifolium Walt. p. 1 84.

Stem about 2 — 4 inches high simple,erect and tomentose. Leaves ronnd ,
sometimes with a small point,sometimes slightly cordate. Petioles 1 — 2 in-
ches long. Stipides obhquely lanceolate, pubescent. Clusters 5 — 6 flow-
ered, rarely axillary. Calyx 4 parted, the segments lanceolate, acute,
the upper one 2-cleft ; as long as the Corolla. Corolla yellow, the wings
at base toothed on each side. Stamens diadelphous. Anthers globose
nearly white. Legume falcate, pubescent, mucronate. Seeds orbicular,
speckled.

In this and the two succeeding species, the under surface of the leaves,
the calyx and the legume are sprinkled with glandular atoms.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers May and August.

2. Tomentosa.

G. caule volubili^
foliis ternatis, rhom-

Stem voluble; leaves
ternate, rhomboidal.

beis, rugosis ; fascicii-
lis axillaribus, paiici-
floris^ petiolo brevior-
ibus.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

235

rugose; clusters axil-
lary, few flowered,
shorter than the peti-

ole.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1061. Mich. 2. p. 63: var volubilis. Pursh 2. p. 486.

Stem climbing over lowslirubs, acutely angled, villous. Leaves gene-
rally rhomboidal, the intermediate one sometimes almost round, triply
nerved, common petiole 1 — 2 inches long. Stipules ovate, lanceolate,
acute, villous. Flowers rarely exceeding 6 in each cluster; common pe-
duncle about half an inch long. Calyx 4 parted,the segments very acute
somewhat falcate, as long as the corolla, the upper one"2-cleft. Corolla*
small, yellow, vexillum reflected, the wing toothed only on the inner side!;
Legume falcate, villous. Seeds reniform, speckled, compressed.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers May and July.

3. Erecta. Walt.

G. caule erecto; fo-
liis ternatis, ovaUbus,
subacutis; racemis ax-
illaribus terminalibus-
que, petiolo longiori-
bus.

Nutt. 2. p. 114.

G. tomentosa vai . erecta. Mich

Trifolium erectum. AValt. 184.

Stem erect ; leaves
ternate, oval, nearly
acute ; racemes axil-
lary and terminal,
longer than the peti-
ole.

♦ 2. p. 63, Pursh 2. p. 486.

Root perennial. Stem erect, about 2 feet high, angled, tomentose.
Leaves rugose, tomentose, triply nerved,the middle one sometimes rhom-
boidal; common petiole, about an inch and a half long. Stipules subulate
villous, raceme simple, many flowered; common peduncle, two or three'
inches long. Calyx fourjparted, the upper segment bifid, all acute. Corolla
scarcely longer than the calyx, yellow, sometimes tinged with fulvous.
Wings toothed near the base on each side. Legume falcate, mucronate,
villous. Seeds reniform. '

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers from June to Augustv

4. MoLLISSIMA. E.

G. caule erecto; fo. | Stem erect; leaves
Ills ternati^, foliolis | teniate; leaflets ov^,

^6

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

ovalibus, moliissime
tomentosis ; racemis
longis, multifloris, ter-
minalibus. E.

tomentose, very soft;
racemes long, many
flowered, terminal.

stem erect ? angled, lomentose. Leaves ternate ; leaflets oval, obtuse,
rugose, cloathed with a velvet-like toraentum, the glandular dots less dis-
tinct on this than on the preceding species. Racemes 5 — 8 inches long.
Calyx deeply cleft, segments subulate, acute, nearly as long as the corol-
la. Corolla yellow. Wings toothed on each side near the base. The
Legume I have not seen.

Grows near St. Mary's, Georgia. Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers.

Voluble; leaves ter-
nate rhomboidal,near-
ly round, pubescent ;
racemes axillary, e-
rect,much longer than
the leaves ; flower
buds and pods reflect-
ed.

5. Reflexa.

G? volubilis ; foHis
ternatis, rotundato
rhombeis, pubescenti-
bus ; racemis axillar-
ibus,erectis, foliis mul-
to longioribus ; flori-
bus ante anthesin le-
guminibusque reflexis.

Nutt. 2. p. 115.

Root perennial. Stem angled, branching, climbing over tall shrubs^
pubescent particularly along the angles. Leaflets 3-nerved,covered with
a soft pubescence, the lateral leaflets generally round, the middle one fre-
quently rhomboidal. Common Petioles 1—2 inches long. Stipules su-
bulate. Racemes 4 — 5 inches long, many flowered. Peduncles angled.
Calyx 4-cleft, segments acute, the upper one 2-cleft, the lower longer than
the rest. Corolla yellow, longer than the calyx, the petals all equal, the
wings 1 -toothed near the base. Legume falcate, pubescent, raucronate.
Seeds reniform, glabrous.

The corolla, the seeds and the habit of this plant distinguish it from the
©ther species of this genus, although in character it is very closely allied

to them.

Grows on Paris' Island, running over high shrubs, along the edge of
the Island at Mr. Habersham's plantation. Found also near St. Mary V,
Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers August — October.

Ip the Journal of Natural Sciences published at Philadelphia, vol. i. p.
. I offered some observations on the genus Glycine sad some of its

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

237

kindred petiera. I there proposed to retain the name Glycine to the G.
Apios The ori<rinal type of the penus, and to this t^roup l gave the name
of Baldwinia as a tribute of lespect to the late Dr. Baldwin, whose name
occurs so often in this work. I still think this arrangement the most cor-
rect, but another has been extensively adopted, and I wish not unnecessa,-
rily to multiply synonyaies.

THYRSANTHUS. E.

Calyx 2- lipped, the
upper lip truncate, e-
marginate, the lower
three cleft. Vexillum
callous at base.
Wings cohering at the
summit. A small den-
ticulate tube sheathing
the base of the ova-
rium. Pod torulose,
nearly terete^ many
seeded.

Calyx bilabiatus,la-
bio superiore trunca-
to, emarginato, inferi-
ore trifido. Vexillum
basi callosum. Alee
apice cohoerentes.
Tuhulus denticulatus
basin stipitis ovarii va-
gi nans. Legumen to-
rulosum, subteres, po-
lyspermum.

1. Frutescens.

Journal of the Acad, of Nat. Sciences, Philad. 1. p. 371-
Glycine Frutescens. Sp. pi. S. p. 1067. Mich. 2. p. 63..
Anon. Frutescens. Walt. p. 186.
Apios Frutescens. Pursh 2. p. 474.
Wisteria Speciosa. Nutt. 2. p. 11 6.

A twining shrub, climbing over bushes and small trees to some height,
particularly along the margins of rivers; the young branches angular and
pubescent. Leaves pinnate, generally 4 pair whh an odd one ; leaflets
ovate lanceolate, slightly acuminate, pubescent. Floioers in clustered
panicles (thyrsi,) axillary. Bracteas large, ovate lanceolate, acuminate,
coloured, one at the base of each flower-bud. Flowers purple ; vexillum
broad, reflected at the summit, greenish near the base. Keel incurved at
the summit, not deflecting the vexillum. Porf long, leathery, a little ru-
gose, many seeded. Seeds reniform, speckled.

This very ornamental pliuit grows in damp rich soils.

Flowers April — Maj,

238

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

GALACTIA. Brown.

Calyx 4-toothed,
with 2 bracteas at base.
Petals all oblong, the
Vexillum broad, in-
cumbent. Stigma ob-
tuse. Germ naked
at base. Pod terete,
many seeded.

Calyx 4-dentatus,
bibracteatus. Peta-
la omnia oblonga,
vexillo latiore incum-
bente. Stigma obtu-
som. Germen basi
nudum. Legumen te-
res, polyspermum.

1. Mollis. Mich,

G. foliis ternatis,
folioHs ellipticis, can-
escenti-villosis ; ra-
cemis axillaribus, fo-
liis multo longioribus;
floribus pedicellatis.

Mich. 2. p. 61. Pursh 2. p. 486. Nutt. 2. p. 117-

Root perermial. Stem prostrate or climbing over small plants, terete,
villous. Leaflets conspicuously veined on the under surface; common
petiole about 1^ inches long. Stipules subulate. Common Peduncles 5
— 8 inches long, partial rarely exceeding 2 lines. Flowers commonly 3
from each bud. Calyx villous, 4-cleft, segments acute, the lower one a
little longer than the rest. Bracteas 2, subulate, at the base of the calyx.
Corolla small, purple ; vexillum obovate, glaucous underneath. Stigma
globose* Legume straight, hispid, hooked at the point.

This appears to be the real G. Mollis of Michaux, but I have some
doubts whether it is not the G. Pilosa of Nuttall.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers through the whole summer.

Leaves ternate,leaf-
lets elliptic, villous,
hoary ; racemes axil-
lary,much longer than
the leaves; flowers pe-
dicellate.

2. Pilosa ? Nutt.

G. parce pilosa; fo-
liis ternatis, oblongo-
ovatis, subacutis, sub-
tus pallidis ; racemis
axillaribus, folio mul-

A little hairy ;
leaves ternate,oblong,
ovate, somewhat a-
cute, pale underneath;
racemes axillary much

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

239

to longioribiis ; flori-
bus sparsis, breviter
pedicellatis. E.

Nutt. 2. p. 116.

longer than the leaves;
flowers scattered on
short pedicels.

A vine climbing over small shrubs. Leaflets ovate and oval, mucro-
nate, nearly glabrous on the upper surface, hairy underneath. Racemes
6 — 12 inches long. Flowers scattered, 2 — 3 at each bud, on short pe-
duncles. Calyx a little hairy. Bracteas small. Corolla pale purple.
Legume villous.

This species has great resemblance to the G. Glabella. It differs how-
ever in its leaves which are smaller, more ovate, rather acute and mucro-
nate, and in its racemes, which are much longer, with smallerflowers. I
feel by no means certam that this is the plant of Mr. Nuttall.

Grows in dry shady soils.

Flowers through the summer,

3. Glabella.

G. foliis ovatis el-
lipticisque, utrinque e-
marginatis, supra gla-
bris, subtus parce pi-
losis; racemis axillar-
ibus, foha subaequan-
tibus ; calycibus gla-
bris; leguminibus vil-
losis.

Leaves ovate and
elliptic, emarginate at
each end, glabrous on
the upper surface, a
httle hairy underneath;
racemes axillary as
long as the leaves; ca-
lyx glabrous ; pods
villous.

Nutt. 2. p. 117.

Mich. 2. p. 62. Pursh 2. p. 487.
Ervura volubile. Walt. p. 187.

Root perennial. Stem climbing over shrubs, terete, a little hairy.
Leaves ternate glabrous and nearly smooth on the upper surface, entire, a
little hairy underneath; common petiole about an inch long. Racemes about
as long as the leaves, sometimes a little longer . partial peduncles about 2
lines long. Bracteas 2 small scales at the base of the calyx. Corolla
larger than in the preceding species, reddish purple, vexillum externally
glaucous. Style much longer than the stamens. Legume falcate. Seeds
oval.

Grows in dry rich shaded soils.

Flowers through the whole summer.

240

DrADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Leaves pinnate,
leaflets elliptic, emar-
ginate, glabrous on
the upper surface, pu-
bescent underneath
racemes long,
flowered.

few

4. Elliotti. Nutt.

G. foliis pinnatis,
foliolis elHpticisjemar-
ginatis, supra glabris,
subtus pubescentibus ;
racemis ek)ngatis,pau-
cifloris.

Nutt. 2. p. 117.

Root perennial. Stem voluble, climbing over small shrubs. Leaves
unequally pinnate ; leaflets about 7, lucid yet sometimes a little scabrous
on the upper surface ; common petiole 2 — 3 inches long. Flowers near-
ly sessile, somewhat clustered at the summit of the peduncle. Peduncles
generally shorter than the leaves, sometimes longer. Bracteas subulate.
Calyx a little hairy, 4-clcft, the lower segment the longest. Corolla
twice as long as the calyx, white tirged witii red when dry. Legume
eom pressed, villous, falcate, hooked at the point. Seeds 3 — 5, reniform,
smooth, speckled.

This plant was sent man}' years ago to Dr. Muhlenberg as the G. Pin-
nata, and was published under that name in his catalogue. Mr. NuttaU
finding the name pre-occupied, has published it under the present.

Grows about three miles from Beaufort along the mail road.

Flowers May — July.

CLITORIA. Gen. Pl. 1183.

Calyx tubulosus,
campanuiatusve, 5-
dentatus. Corolla re-
supinata, vexillo max-
imo, patente, alas ob-
umbrante. Legumen
lineare, acuminatum,
polyspermum.

1. ViRGINIANA.

C. foliis ternatis, o-
vatis; calyce bracteis

Calyx tubular,cam-
panulale, 5 toothed.
Corolla resupine, with
the vexillum large,ex-
panding, covering the
wings. Pod linear,
acuminate,many seed-
ed.

Leaves ternate, o-
vate ; calyx scarcely

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

241

vix longiore, 5 parti-
to,laciniis subiilatis,di-
vergentibiis; leguniini-
biis subeiisiformibus.

longer than the brac-
teas, 5 parted, with the
segments snbulate, di-
verging ; pods some-
what ensiform.

Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1069. Walt. p. 186. Mich. 2. p. 62. Pursk.
2. p. 487

Root perennial. Stent voluble, climbing; over small shrubs, slightly
scabrous. Leaves ternate, oblon?, ovate, slightly mucronate, a little sca-
brous on the upper surface, smooth and reticulated underneath, conunoH
petiole about 2 inches long. Racemes axillary, short, generally 3 flower-
ed. Bracteas 2, lanceolate, acute, pubescent, at the base of the calyx.
Calyx campanulate, scarcely longer than the bracteas, with the two low-
er segments longer than the rest. Corolla large and pale violet. Sta-
mens diadelphous. Legume long, nearly terete, glabrous.

Grows in moderately dry soils.

Flowers June and September.

Leaves ternate; ca-
lyx tnbular, 5 cieft,
much longer than the
linear lanceolate brac-
teas ', pods toriilose.

2. Marian.^.

C. foliis ternatis ;
calyce bracteis lineari
lanceolatis multoties
majore,tubnIoso, quin-
quefida; legumine tor-
uloso.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1070. Walt. p. 186. Mich. 2. p. 62. Pursh 2. p. 487.
Nutt. 2. p. 118.

Root perennial. Stem sometimes erect,about two feet high, sometimes
voluble, smooth. Leaflets ovate, smootli, a little glaucous underneath,
common petiole 10 — 15 lines long. Floicers 1 — 2 on peduncles about
an inch long. Calyx cylindrical, smooth, segments very acute. Co-
rolla pale blue ; soiiietimes white. Legume about 3 seeded (seeds gluti-
nous. Mich.)

Grows in dry soils, moderately fertile.

flowers May and August.

ROBINIA. Gen. Pl. 1195.

Ca/yx 4-fidus, laci- I Calyx 4-cleft5 the
nia superiore bipaiii- upper segmeut 2-part*
VOL. u» H 2

242

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

ta. VexiUum reflexo-
pauns, subrotundum.
Ije9:umen com ;rps-
sum, elongatum, poly-
spermiim.

1. PsEUDACACTA.

R. foliis impari-pin-
iiatis ; slipulis spiiies-
cenlibus; racemis pen-
dulis; calycis dentibiis
muticis ; leguminibus
laevibus.

ed. VexiJlum nearly
round, expanded, re-
flected. Pod com-
pressed, long, many
seeded.

Leaves unequally
pinnate ; stipules spi-
ny; racemes pendu-
lous; teeth of the ca-
lyx unawned 5 pods
smooth.

Sp. PI. 3 p. 1131. Walt. p.
Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 245.

186. Mich. 2 p. 6j. Pursh. 2 p. 487-

A tree about 30 feet high, (sometimes 60 — 80. Mich.) Leaves une-
qually pinnate, with 4 — 7 pair of leaflets, leaflets frequently alternate,
oval, emarginate, pubescent. Racemes axillary ,simple. Calyx pubescent,
spotted, 4 cleft, the upper segment broad, emarginate, the three lower
acute. Corolla white, vexillum large with the sides reflected. Legume
smooth.

This tree which is frequently cultivated for ornament on account of the
beauty and fragrance of its flowers, is also much valued for the quality
of its wood. It is supposed to make the most durable posts, wlien ex-
posed to the weather, of any tree in this country, and is also preferred to
any other wood for the trunnels of vessels.

Grows in the mountains in rich fertile soils. Not found in its native
«tate on the sea coast of Carolina.
Flowers March and April.

2. ViSCOSA.

R. foliis impari pin-
Bat is; racemis axillar-
ibus, erectis, conferti-
floris ; calycibus acu-
minatis; ramis, petio-
lis, pedunculis, iegu-

Leaves unequally
pinnate; racemes ax-
illary, erect, with the
flowers crowded ; ca-
lyx acuminate; branch
es, petioles, peduncles

filADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

24S

miiiibnsqiie glandulo- | and pods viscid, glan-
so-viscosis. I dnlar.

Sp. pi. 3. 1131. Mich. 2. p. 65.
iviicli. arb. for. 3. p. 262.

Pursh 2. p. 488.

Leaves unequally
pinnate; leaflets oval,
nearly round, mucro-
nate; racemes axilla-
ry; calyx acuminate ;
stem unarmed ;brancli-
es, peduncles, caly}^
and pods hispid.

A iiee growincf from 20 — 40 feet high. Leavps unequally pinnate,
"with 5 — 7 pail" of leaflets. The Petioles, Peduncles, and young wood
covered with a viscid pubescence. Corolla white, tinged with pink. Pod
obliquely lanceolate, mucronate, when young pubescent, 3 — 5 seeded.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia along the margins of
streams.

Flowers April and May.

3. HlSPIDA.

R. foliisimpari pin-
natis; foliolis rotunda-
to-ovalibiis, mucrona-
tis ; racemis axiliari-
bus; calycibus acumi-
natis; caule subiner-
mi; ramis, pedunculis,
cnlycibus, legumini-
busque liispidis.

A small shrub, 3 — 6 feet high extending very much with its creeping
roots, and with all its branches, petioles, peduncles, and calyx very his-
pid. Leo-flefs oval and ovate, sometimes nearl}^ round, pubescent lut-
derneath. Flowers in simple axillary racemes, generally pendulous. Ca-
lyx sometimes almost equally 5-cleft, with the segments acuminate. Co»
rolla large of a bright rose colour, very ornamental.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers April.

I have two plants belonging to this genus, which require further exam-
ination. I have not the means at present necessary for an accurate des«
cription.

1. Rosea.

A shrub about S feet high-, not hispid. Stipules spiny. Young branch-
es, petioles and under surface of the leaves pubescent. Leajtets ellip-
tic. Flo^oers rose coloured.

Grows in the high pine barrens, between Waynesborough and Wrights-
borough in Columbia County, Georgia. Scarcely a variety of R. hispida,

2. Nana.

Whole plant scarcely a foot high. Flowers rose coloured.
Grows in the pine barrens near Columbia, South-Carolipa.— Mr. Her-
lieraont.

244

• lADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

INDIGOFERA.

Calyx patens. Co-
rollce carina iitriiique
calcaii siibulalo patu-
lo. Legumen lineare,
parvulum, siibquad-
rangulare.

1. Caroliniana. Walt.

I. foliis pinnatis ; i Leaves pinnate^Ieaf-

Calyx expanding.
Corolla with the keel
bearing a subulate
spur on each side.
Pod linear, small,

somewhat angular.

lets oval and ob ovate;
spikes longer than the
leaves; pods two seed-
ed, reticulate, veiny.

foliolis ovalibus obo-
vatisque ; spicis folio
longioribus; legumin-
ibus dispermis, reticu-
lato venosis.

Walt. p. 187. Mich. 2. p. 68. Pursh. 2. p. 448. Nutt. 2 p. 11^..

Root perennial. Stem erect 3 — 7 feet hish, branching, striate,glabrou^,
the young branches sprinkled with hair. Leaves unequally pinnate.
Leaflets about 6 pair.entire, mucronate, a little hairy ,slightly glaucous un-
derneath. Stipules 2 at the base of each petiole. Flowers subulate, ve-
ry short, in simple axillary spikes or racemes twice as long as the leaves;
common peduncle 5 — G inches long, partial peduncle 2 lines long, a
small subulate bractea at the base of each partial peduncle. Calyx cam-
panulate, pubescent, 5-toothed, teeth small. Corolla longer than the ca-
lyx, brown ; vexillum a little hairy on the out side; keel longer than the
vexiilum, with a subulate spur on each side, near the base. Segments of
the stamiaiferous tube very short, unequal. Anthers oblong. Stigma cap-
itate. Po'l short, a little turgid, mucronate, glabrous, seed reniform.

Grows in irv poor soils.

Flowers July and September.

TEPHROSIA.

Cnlycis dentibus I Teeth of the calyx
subulatis, suba3quali- I subulate,nearly equal,
bus. Stamina mona- ■ Stamens monadel-

delpha? Legumen
compressum, subcori-
aceum.

phous] Poo? compres-
sed, coriaceous.

DIABELPHIA BKCANDRIA.

■246

1. ViRGINIANA.

T. erecta, piibes-
cens; foliolis plurimis,
oblongo-lauceoJatis,a
cutis ; racemo termi-
nali, subsessili ; legu-
minibus falcatis.

Erect, pubescent;
leaflets numerous, ob-
long-lanceolate, acute;
raceme terminaljiear-
ly sessile ; pods fal-
cate.

Pursh 2. p. 489. Nutt. 2. p. 119.

Galega Virginiana. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1244. Walt. p.

Root perennial, stoloniferous. Stems about a foot high, in dense clus-'
ters, somewhat angular, pubescent, hairy towards the summit. Leaves'
alternate, unequally pinnate; leaflets numerous from 11 — 25, oblong
lanceolate. Flowers in compact, terminal racemes. Calyx hairy, deep-
ly' 5-cleft. Corolla dull yellow, tinged with purple, vexillum longer
tiran the wings and keel. Fod compressed, falcate, very hairy. Seeds
reniform.

Grows in dry pine barren?.

Flowers May and July.

2. HiSPIDULA.

T. caule erecto,gra-
cili, pubescente, diclio-
tomo ; foliis pinnatis,
foliolis (11— i5)ellip-
ticis, subretusis, mu-
cronatis, subtus pilo-
sis ; racemis folia ae-
quantibns, paucifloris;
leguminibus mucrona-
tis, hispidulis.

Pursh 2 p.. 489.

T. gracilis. i\utt. 2. p. ] 19.

Galega hispidula. Mich. 2. p.

Root perennial. Stem about 2
finely pubescent. Leaflets oblong
nearly glabrous on the upper sur
Gn the nnder, ribbed. Stq}ales 2,

Stem erect, slender,
pubescent, diclioto-
mous; leaves pinnate^
leaflets (11 — 15) ellip-
tic, slightly retuse,mu-
cronate, hairv under-
neatli ; racemes as
long as the leaves ;
few flowered : pods
mucronate, slightly
hispid.

G8.

feet high, slender, very much divided,
, obtuse, sometimes ret use, nuicronate.
face, very hairy and slightly coloured

sabalate, villens, at the base of each

246

DTADELPHTA DECANDRIA.

petiole. Racemes opposite the leaves, 3—6 rtowered. Calj/x very vil-
lous, segments subulate, exj)anded. Corolla pale red; vexdlom • xtcr-
nally pub'-scent. Pod about an* inch and a half long, straight, in. cro-
ivrie, somewhat hispid. Seeds compressed, reniforin, 4—7, spotted.

This plant as remarked by TvSr. i%'uUall, diflers in some slight degree
from the Galeffa hispidula ot Michaux, but too slightly I think to consti-
tute a new species.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers l\iay and August.

3. pAUCIFOLIA. NlUt.

T. caule deciim-
beFile, viliosissimo ;
f^jiiis sparsis, piiinatis;
foliolis cimeato ovali-
bijs, subtus villosis ;
pedunculis foiiis mul-
to iongioribus, pauci-
floris.

Stem decumbent,
very villous ; leaves
distant, pinnate; leaf-
lets ovale ciuieate at
base, villous nnder-
neatii; peduncles much
longer tiiai'i the leaves;
few flowered.

Nutt. 2. p. 119.

Galega villusa. ]Mich. 2. ]>. 67-

Spicata. VV^alt. p. 188.

Root perennial. Stem sometimes erect, generally decumbent and pros-
trate, very villous, the pubescence generally rui'ous. Lcuvts scattered,
pinnate, "leaflets 11 — 15, elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, generally cune-
ate at base, very hairy, almost his[nd on the under surlacc, sometimes
pubescent, som/iiraes nearly glabrous on the upper. Petiole like the
stein very villous. J-'?.7.7//,c"<;Vs opposite the leaves, very long, generally
bearing 4 or 5 flowerSj sometimes more, less villous than the stem.
Bmcteas lanceolate, villous. Cahx hispid, seuraent, subulate. Corol-
la red, vexilUira on the outer surface very h iny. Lrguvie comjjressed^
falcate, hispid.

I have litile doubt that this plant is the real G. villosa of Michaux
thouf^h not of Pursh. Spars'ifoUa would, i think have been a more appro-
priate name, than the one which has been imposed upon it.

Grows in dry soils. Very common.

Flowers through the summer.

4. Chrysophyll\. Pursll.

T. prostiata, pu-
bescens ; loliis piaoi-

Prostrate, pubes-
cent ; leaves pinnate.

lis, quinis, sub^iessiii- 1 by fives^ neaiiy ses.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

247

bus ; foliolis cuneato-
obovatis, obtusissimis,
supra glabris, sul)tus
sericeis ; pechuiculis
opposiliibliis, elouga-

tis, sub 3 floris : I

egu-

minibus rectiusculis.

Pursh 2. p. 489.

T. Prostrata. Nult. 2. p. 120.

sile ; leaflets cuneate,
obovatc, very obtuse,
glabrous on the upper
surface, silken under-
neath ; peduncles op-
posite the leaves, long,
generally 3-flowered ;
pods nearly straight.

stem prostrate and pubescent, heaves pinnate, subsessile, leaflets cu-
neate obovate, coriaceous, smooth above, sericeously villous underneath.
fedinnics about 3 flowered, opposite to and longer than the leaves, ie-
giime linear and nearly straight. Nutt.

Common around Savannah in dry and sandy soils. Nutt.

Flowers through the summer.

MEDICAGO, Gen. Pl. 1214.

Carina corollae a
vexillo deflectens.
lipgumen compres-
sum, cochleatum.

1. LuPULINA.

M. spicis ovalibus ;
leguminibus reniform-
ibus, monospermis ;
stipulis integerriniis ;
fobolis obovatis; cau-
libus procumbentibus.

Willd. Sp. pl. 140G. Wah. p. 186. Mich. 2. p. GO. Pursh. 2. p
490.

Keel of the corolla
bending from the vex-
illum. Pod compres-
sed, spiral.

Spikes oval ; pods
reniform, one seeded;
stipules entire; leaflets
obovate ; stems pro-
cumbent.

stem difl^use, prostrate and assurgent, rarely exceeding a foot in lieiL'ht,
angled, hairy, hpnves ternate, nearly sessile ; kaji<its obovate, emargi-
nate, denticulate near the summit, hairy. Stipules obliquely lanceolate,
acuminate, hairy, extended at base, longer than the petiole. Flowers
in oval or jjlobiilar axillary heads, common peduncles about an inch

248

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

and a half long. Bracteas small, ovate, acuminate, at the base of each
nartial peduncle. Calyx hairy, border 5-cleft, the lower segments longer
ihan the rest. Corolla yellow, the vexiUum twice as long as the wings,
and keel. Pod coriaceous, spirally twisted, 1-seeded. Seed reniform

^ Grows in dry sandy soils. An exotic now completely naturaUzed.
Flowers April and June.

2. Inteutexta.

M. pedunculis sub-

bifloris ; leguminibus
cochleatis, ovalibus;
aculeis pubescentibus,
setaceis, disticliis, ad-
pressis ; stipulis cilia-
to-dentatis ; foliolis
obovatis, dentatis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1411. Walt. p. 1S6. Pursh. 2. p. 490.
This species with the M. Sativa, and M. Nigra— spring up occasion-
ally in our enclosur.^, but neither «f them appear to be naturahzed in
f\iis country.

Peduncles somewhat
2 flowered; pods spi-
ral, oval, prickles pu-
bescent, setaceous,
distichous, appressed;
stipules fringed, tooth-
ed; leaflets obovate
toothed.

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

249

CLiVSS XVUl.

*«9«*

SYNGENESIA.

fOLYGAMM JEqUALIS.

§ 1. Semiplosculosi.

457 LEONTODON.

458 BORKHAUSIA.

459 LACTUCA.

460 SOxXCHUS.

461 PRENANTHES.

462 HIERACIUM.

463 KRIGIA.

464 APOGON.

§ 2. CAPITATr,

465 STOKESIA.

466 CNICUS.

467 LIATRIS.

468 VERNONIA.

469 BRICKELLIA.

§ 3. DiSCOIDEI.

470 KUHNIA.

471 MIKANIA.

472 EUPATORIUM.

473 CHRYSOCOMA.

474 CACALIA.

475 SPARGANOPHORUS.

476 HYMENOPAPPUS.

477 POLYPTERIS.

478 MELANANTHERA.

479 MARSHALLIA.

POLYGAMIC SUP ERF LU A.

§ 1. DiSCOIDEI.

480 ARTEiVUSrA.
VOL. \U

i2

481 BACCHARIS.

482 CGNYZA.

483 PTEROCAULON.

484 GJVAPHALIUM.

§ 2. Radiat/.

485 SENECIO.

486 ARNICA.

487 CHRYSOPSIS.
483 ASTER.

489 SOLIDAGO.

490 ERIGERON.

491 BOLTONIA.

492 CHRYSANTHEMUM.

493 HELENIUM.

494 ECLIPTA.

495 ANTHEMIS.

496 ACHILLEA.

497 ACMELLA.

498 HELIOPSIS,

499 TETRAGONOTHECA.

500 BUPHTHALMUM.

501 SIEGESBECKIA.

502 VERBESINA.

POLYGAMIA FRUSTRAJS'EA.

503 ACTINOMERIS.

504 HELIANTHUS.

505 BIDENS.

506 COREOPSIS.

507 LEPTOPODA.

508 BALDUINA.

509 GAL-\RDIA

250

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

510 RUDBECKIA.

511 CENTAUREA.

POLYGMIM NECESSARIA.

512 CHAPTALIA.

513 SILPHIUM.

514 POLYMNIA.

515 CHRYSOGONUM.

516 GYMNOSTYLES.

517 PARTHENIUM.

518 IVA.

519 AMBROSIA.

520 XANTHIUM.

POLYGAMIA SE GREG AT A.
621 ELEPHANTOPUS.

LEONTODON. Gen. Pl. 1237.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum, sqiiamis inferiori-
biis, laxiusciilis. Pap-
piis plumosiis, stipita-
tus. Receptaculwn

nudum.

Irwolucrum imbri-
cate, with the lower
scales loose. Pappus
feathered, stipitate.
Receptacle naked.

1. Taraxacum.

L. involucri squamis
exterioribus reflexis;
scapo unifloro; foliis
runcinatis, glabris, la-
ciniis lanceolatis, den-
tatis.

Sp. pl. 3. 2544. Mich. 2. p. 88. Pursh, 2. p. 497- Nutt. 2. p. 123.

Root perennial. Leaves all from the root, oblong, runcinate, glabrous^^
when young a little hairy. Scapes several from each root, terete, glabrous,
shorter than the leaves, one-flowered, heaves of the involucrum numerousj
the interior series etjual, appressed. frequently coloured, when old retlexed,
the exterior lanceolaie, iuibricatc, slightly fringed. Corolla ligulate, yel-
low. Seeds oblong, angled, compressed towards the summit, slightly nm-

Exterior scales of
the involucrum reflect-
ed; scape one-flower-
ed; leaves runcinate,
glabrous, the segments
lanceolate, toothed.

STNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

251

licate, crowned with a stipitate haijy pappus. Receptacle convex, dotted,
naked.

The leaves and stalk of this plant, like those of most of the semifloscu-
lous plants, discharge when broken a milky acrid juice, which is generally
narcotic and sometimes supposed to be poisonous.

Grows in damp soils. An exotic now naturalized.

Flowers from January to April.

BORKHAUSIA. De Candolle.

Involucrum calicula-
tum, squamis exteriori-
bus laxis. Pcqypus pi-
losiis, stipitatus. Re-
ceptaculum nudum.

1. Caroliiviana.

B. foliis oblongis,
laiiceolatis, glabris, ra-
riter dentatis, inlerdum
pinnatifidis; caule e-
recto, paucifloro; pe-
dunculis elongatis.

Iiwolucrum surroun-
ded at base with a few
loose scales. Pappus
hairy, stipitate. Re^'
ceptade naked.

Leaves oblong, lan-
ceolate, glabrous, rare-
ly toothed, sometimes
pinnatifid; stem erect,
lew flowered; pedun-
cles long.

Nutt. 2. p. 126. *

Leontodon Carolinianura. Walt. p. 192.

Scorzonera Pinnatifida, Mich. 2. p. 89. Pursh, 2. p. 497.

Chondrjlla Laevigata. Pursh, 2. p. 497.

Root perennial? Stevi resembling a scape, about two feet high, slightly
furrowed, pubescent towards the summit. Leaves alternate, narrow, when
old pmnatifid pubescent along the margins. Floicers very (evf, solitary on
the summit of the long branches. Involucrum many leaved: the interior
senes^qual, united, hnear, with a dorsal tooth near the summit, the exterior
slightly imbricate subulate, short. Florets ligulate, very numerous, bright
yellow. ;See^ oblong, compressed, striate, slightly rugose, crowned with a
hairy stipitate pappus. The stipes remarkably long.

Grows in postures and cultivated land— very common. "^

J: lowers IVIarch — July.

252

SYNGENESIA ^QUALlS.

LACTUCA. Gen. Pl. 1234.

Involucrum imbrica-
tiim, cylindricum, mai -
gine membranaceum.
Stmina laevia. Pap-
jms simplex, stipitatus.
Receptaculum nudum.

1. Elongata. Muhl.

L. foliis subtus laevi-
bus, infeiioiibus rnn-
cinatis, integerrim s.
amplexicaulibus, infi-
mis dentatis, summis

Involucrum imbri-
cate, cylindrical, the
scales membranaceous
aiong the margin.
Seeds smooth. Pap'
pus simple, stipitate.
Receptacle naked.

lanceolatis; floribus
corymboso-paniculatis.

Leaves smooth un-
derneath, the lower
runcinate, entire, am-
plexicaule, the lowest
toothed, the uppermost
lanceolate; flowers in
corymbose panicles.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 1525. Pursh, 2. p. 500. Nutt. 2. p. 124.

L. Caroliniana. Walt. p. 193.

L. Longifolia. Mich. 2. p. 85.

Root perennial? Stem four to seven feet high, glabrous. Leaves very
long, glabrous, conspicuously runcinate. Flowers in a large terminal pani-
cle, composed of small corymbiform clusters. Involucrum imbricate, the
interior leaves long, appressed until the seed matures, then reflected. Flo-
rets numerous. Corolla ligulate, yellow. Seed compressed, crowned with
a stipitate, hairy pappus.

Grows in lich and damp soils.

Flowers July — September.

2. Graminifolia.

L. caule erecto, sim-
plici; foliis inermibus,
plerisque indivisis, ba-
si simplici, longissime
linearibus; panicula

Mich.

Stem erect, simple;
leaves unarmed, gene-
rally undivided, simple
at base, long, narrow;
panicle leafless, loose,

SYNGENESTA iEQUALIS.

255

aphylla, laxa, ramis
rarifloris, floribus om-
nibus pedunculatis.
Mich.

the branches few-flow-
ered; flowers all on
peduncles.

Mich. 2. p. 85. Pursh, 2. p. 500. Nutt. 2. p. 124.

Stem about three feet high, glabrous. Leaves sessile, long, tapering to
an acute point, sometimes amplexicaule; the lower frequently bearing a few
segments, always acute, sometimes rnncinate, somewhat glaucous underneath
and fringed along the midrib. Fhwers in a loose terminal panicle. /«-
volucrum imbricate, the leaves subulate. Florets about twenty; corolla
ligulate, purple. Seeds compressed, lanceolate, serrulate, crowned with a
stipitate hairy pappus.

Grows in dry and moderately fertile soils.

Flowers April — September.

3. Sagittifolia. E.

L. caule erecto, gla-
bro; foHis oblongo-lan-
ceolatis, acutis, inte-
gerrimis, glabris, sub-
tus pallidioribus, arete
sessilibus, basi sagitta-
tis; floribus paniculatis.
E.

Stem erect, glabrous;
leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, entire, gla-
brous, pale underneath,
closely sessile, sagit-
tate at base; flowers
in panicles.

stem four to six feet high, terete, glabrous. Leaves closely sessile, dis-
tinctly sagittate at base, tapering to a very acute, sometimes acuminate
summit. The stem leaves very entire. Floioers in a loose terminal jjani-
cle. Involucrum cylindrical. Leaflets subulate, glabrous. Florets about
twenty. Corolla yellow? Seed compressed, slightly margined. Pappus
hairy, distinctly stipitate.

I collected this plant many years ago, along the margin of a creek, in the
neighbourhood of Columbia. The Corolla in my specimens has been des-
troyed, but if my memory is accurate, it was yellow. I have preserved no
root leaves, but I certainly saw none that were either runcinate or sinuate.

Flowers July — September.

254

SYT^ GENES lA ^QUALIS.

SONCHUS. Gen. Pl. 1233.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum,ventricosimi. Pap-
pus sessilis,pilosus. Re-
ceplaculum nudum.

1. Oleraceus. Lin.

S. peclunculis subto-
mentosisumbellatis; in-
volucris glabris; foliis
oblongo - lanceolatis,
amplexicaulibus, den-
ticulatis, subsinuatis.

Involucrum imbri-
cate, ventricose. Pap"
pus hairy, sessile. Re-
ceptacle naked.

Peduncles somewhat
tomentose, flowers in
umbels; involucrum
glabrous; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, am-
plexicaule, slightly
toothed and sinuate.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 1514. Pursh, 2. p. 501. Nutt. 2. p. 125.

Hoot annual. Stem two to five feet high, terete, glabrous, fistulous,
branching, very tender and succulent. Leaves alternate, amplexicaule,
deeply sinuate and pinnatifid, segments acute and acutely toothed, the
whole plant slightly glaucous. Flowers in axillary umbels. Peduncles one
to two inches long, with tufts of a cotton-like tomentum, irregularly attach-
ed to their surface. Scales of the involucrum subulate, appressed. Corolla
yellow. Seed oblong, striate, glabrous. Pappus sessile.

Probably an exotic, now universally diffused in cultivated lands.

Flowers March — July.

2. Macrophyllus. Willd.

S. peduncuhs hirsu-
tis, nudis; floribus pa-
niculatis; foliis lyratis,
basi cordatis, subtus
hirtis.

Peduncles hirsute,
naked; flowers in pani-
cles; leaves lyrate, cor-
date at base, hirsute
underneath.

Sp. pl. S.'p. 1519. Pursh, 2. p. 501. Nutt. 2. p. 125.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem erect, four to seven feet high. Leaves
large, lyrate, very hairy and hispid on the under surface. Corolla blue.
Willd.

This species I have not seen.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

255

Grows in shaded low grounds, near Springs. Pennsylvania to Carolina.
Pursh.

Flowei-s August — September.

3. Floridanus. Lin.

S. pedimculis sub-
sqiiamosis; floribus pa-
niculatis; foliis lyrato-
runcinatis, denticulatis,
petiolatis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1520. Mich. 2. p. 85. Pursh, 2. p. 501. Nutt. 2. p. 125.

Stem erect, three to five feet high, glabrous. Leaves narrow, lanceolate,
acuminate at each end, acutely denticulate, occasionally with one or two
runcinate segments. Flowers in a long slender panicle. Corolla small, blue.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers July — September.

Peduncles somewhat
scaly; flowers in pani-
cles; leaves lyrate, run-
cinate, denticulate, pe-
tiolate.

4. Carolinianus. Walt.

S. caule erecto, gla-
bro; foliis lanceolatis,
acutis, undulatis, spi-
nuloso dentatis, basi
auriculatis, semiam-
plexicaulibusque; flori-
bus sub umbellatis. E.

Stem erect, glabrous;
leaves lanceolate,acute,
undulate, with very
acute teeth, auriculate
and semiamplexicaule
at base; flowers some-
what umbellate.

Walt. p. 192.

Plant annual. Stem one to three feet high, glabrous, fistulous. Leaves
numerous, glabrous, never acuminate, remarkable for their very numerous
acute teeth, along the undulate margin. Flowers numerous, in small lateral
and terminal umbels. Invohicrum imbricate, slightly ventricose. Corolla
small, yellow. Seeds compressed, striate. Pappus sessile.

Grows in damp rich soils. In river swamps very abundant.

Flowers March and April.

5. ACUMINATUS. Willd.

S. pedunculis sub-

squamosis; floribus pa- scaly; flower§ panicu-

Peduncles somewhat

^6

STNGENESIA iEQUAtlS.

niculatis, foliis raclica-
libussubruncinatisjcau-
linis ovatis, acumina-
tis, petiolatis, medio
denticulatis.

j late; leaves of the root
slightly runcinate, of
the stem ovate, acumi-
nate, petiolate, toothed
in the middle.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1521. Pursh, 2. p. 502. Nutt. 2. p. 125.

Stem three to four feet high. Lower leaves spathulate, ovate, acumi-
nate, acutely toothed, sometimes angled, glabrous on the upper surface,
pale and hairy underneath, attenuated at base, into a winged petiole, two to
four inches long. Flowers in a loose terminal panicle, peduncles bearing a
few ovate, ciliate, scales. Involucrum imbricate. Florets about fifteen.
Corolla purple.

This plant is probably, as suggested by Willdenow the Lactuca Villosa of
Jacquin, for the pappus is certainly stipitate and the habit not unlike that
of our other species of Lactuca.

Grows in shady rich soils.

Flowers August — September.

PRENANTHES. Gen. Pl. 1236.

Involucrum basi
imbrieatum. Floscuh
serie simplici. Pappus
simplex, subsessilis.
Receptaculum nudum.

1. Altissima. Lin.

P. caule ramoso; fo-
liis trilobis, petiolatis,
angulatis, denticulatis,
margine scabris; race-
mis axillaribus; flori-
bus nutantibus; invo-
lucris sub 5-floris.

Involucrum imbri-
cate at base. Florets
in a simple series.
Pappus simple, nearly
sessile. Receptacle

naked.

Stem branching;
leaves 3-lobed, petio-
late, angled, denticu-
late, scabrous along

the margin; racemes
axillary, flowers nod-
ding; involucrum gen-
erally 5- flowered.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 1537. Pursh, 2. p. 498.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

257

Root perennial. Ste?H 4—6 and 8 feet high, branching, glabrous.
Leaves .dternate, deeply 3-lobed, almost hastate, the lateral segments an-
gled near the base, the margin slightly and irregularly dentate, the under
surface pale, if not slightly glaucous. P.-holes 2—7 inches lone. Flow-
ers in RxiUary panicles. Inoolucrum cylindrical, composed o1f 5 strap-
ahaped leaves, protected at base by small" imbricate scales. Florets gene-
rally 5, ligulate, yellow. Seeds angular, striate. Pappus sessile, sca-
Jirous. '

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers September.

2. C

ORDATA.

P. foliis petiolatis,
ovato lanceolatis, cor-
datis, clentatis ciliatis
que; panicula laxa,
racemiflora ; floribiis
niitantibus ; involucris
6 — 8 floris.

Leaves on petioles,
ovate lanceolate, cor-
date,tootIied and fring-
ed; panicle loose, with
the flowers somewhat
racemose; flowers nod-
ding; involucrum 6 — .
8 flowered.

Willd. hort. Berol. 25. Pursh 2. p. 498.

i?oo^ perennial, ^f/-;;* 4-6 feet high, generally glabrous. Leaves
«vate-lanceolate, cordate and angled at base, irre^ularfy angled tood ed
a.Ki fnnged along the circumference; uppe'r leaves simply^an eolate
Florvers m long loose panicles. Interior leaves of the invd^ucrum gene.
rally 8, somewhat lanceolate, membranaceous along the mar-ins the ex-
tenor only mmute, ovate scales. Florets ligulate, pale yellow. /Pursh ^
^eeds striate, crowned with a scabrous pappus. '^ ^ ' {.ruisii.;

Grows m the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers August— October.

glabro ,

3. Deltoidea. E.

p. caule simplici,
foliis dehoi-
deis, acuminatis, acute
denticulatis, subtus
subglaucis ; racemis
axilIaribus,paucifloris;
involucris 5.floris.

VOt. II*

k2

Stem simple, gla-
brous ; leaves deltoid,
acuminate, acntely
denticulate, slightly
glaucous underneath ;
racemes axillary, few
flowered ; involucruui
5-flowered,

258

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

Stem slender, about 2 feet high. Leaves on long petioles, the lower
Ones triangular, with an acuminated point, and the angles at base very
acute, the upper ones ovate lanceolate, all denticulate, glabrous, and slight-
ly glaucous underneath. Flowers in small axillary racemes, in my spe-
cimen not exceeding 3 heads in each raceme, which appear to have been
nodding. Involucrwii composed of 5 equal linear leaves, glabrous, mem-
branaceous at the margins, and closely protected at base by small ovate
imbricate scales. Corolla purple ? Heeds glabrous, slightly angled and
striate. Pappus hairy.

Collected on the Saluda Mountains by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers September.

Glabrous; stem sim-
ple; leaves all runcin-
ate and sinuate ; ra-
cemes generally se-
cuud
lous :

4. ViRGATA. Mich.

p. glabra ; caule
simplicissinio ; foliis
omnibus runcinato-sin-
uatis; racemulis subse

cundis ; floribus pen- cund; flowers pendu-
dulis ; involucris 8-fi- lous ; involucrum 8-
dis, 10-floris. parted^ 10-flowered.

Mich. 2. p. 83. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1533. Pursh 2. p. 498.

Hoot perennial, somewhat tuberous. Stem herbaceous, erect, simple,
2 — 4 feet high, very glabrous, heaves sessile, semiamplexicaule, deeply
sinuate, with the segments on the lower leaves frequently runcinate, and
sparingly toothed, the upper leaves narrow, lanceolate. Flowerc in a long
terminal raceme, composed g(^nerally of small branches.bearing commonly
S — 4 flowers. Interior leaflets of the Involucrum 8, oblong, obtuse and
fringed at the summit: florets 10 — 12 in each involucrum. Corolla ligu-
late, pale purple. Seeds cylindric, striate, crowned with a scabrous pap-
pus.

Grows in damp pine barrens.

Flowers October.

5. Simplex. Pursh.

P. caule simplici-ssi-
mo; foliis superioribus
liiieari-lanceolatis, in-

tegerrimis, radicalibus
lanceolatis, sinuatis ;
racemo termiiiaii, sim- nal, simple ; flowers

Stem simple; upper
leaves linear-lanceo-
late, entire, tiiose of
the root lanceolate, si-

nuate ; raceme termi-

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

259

nodding ; involncrum
generally 8- flowered.

plicissimo; floribus nu-
tantibus; involucrissub
S-floris.

Pursh 2. p. 498.

Stem about 2 feet liigli. Flotvers purple. Pursh.

Is this really a distmct species, or is it a young plant of the P. virgata ?

Collected in Georgia by Mr. Enslen.

Flowers July — August ?

6. C

REPIDINEA.

P. foliis lato lance-
olatis, in petiolum at-
tenuatis, inaequaliter
angulato dentatis; pan-
icula fasciculis termi-
nalibus, paucifloris,nu-
tantibus ; involncris
liirsutis, 10 — 12 fidis,
sub 20-floris.

Mich. 2. p. 84. Pursh 2. p. 499

Leaves lanceolate,
wide, attenuated at
base, unequally tooth-
ed and angled ; pani-
cle composed of small
terminal nodding clus^
ters; involucrum hairy,
10—12 cleft, general-
ly 20 .flowered.

Among the Plants collected by Dr. Macbride on the Saluda mountains
was one, which though destitute of its lower leaves, appeared in other re-
spects to agree very well with the P. Crepidinea of Mich.

Stem 4 — 6 feet high, branching towards the summit. Upper leaves
sessile, lanceolate, denticulate, scabrous and somewhat pubescent. Floio-
ers in terminal clusters, nodding. Involucrum 8 — 10 leaved, nearly gla-
brous, surrounded at base, as usual ni this genus, with small imbricate
scales. Florets numerous, Pappus sessile, scabrous.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers September.

7. Alba.

p. foHis radicalibus
angulaio-hastatis,den-
tatisjsublobatis, cauli-
nis subrotundo-ovatis.

Leaves of the root
angled, hastate, tooth-
ed, and slightly lobed,
of the stem ovate

dentatis, petiolatis | nearly round, toothed

260

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

summis lanceolatis;
panicula laxa, fascicu-
lis terminalibus nutan-
tibiis, calycibus 8 fidis
8—10 floris.

and petiolate, the up-
per ones lanceolate ;
panicle loose ; clusters
terminal, nodding; in-
volucrum 8-cleft, 9 —
10 flowered.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1536. Walt. p. 193. Mich. 2. p. 83. ,Pursh 2. p. 49^.

Root perennial, somewhat tuberous. Stem, herbaceous, 2 feet high,
Inuch divided, slightly angled and pubescent. Lower leaves hastate, lob-
ed and irregularly sinuate and dentate. Lobes obtuse or acute; the upper
leaves spathulate, obovate, toothed and angled. Flowers in loose panicles^
composed of small terminal clusters. Involucrum cylindrical, 8 leaved ;
leaves oblong, pubescent, fringed at the summit. Scales at the base lan-
ceolate, acute. Florets 8 — 12, ligulate, of a pale yellowish white colour.
Seeds cylindrical, striate, crowned with a scabrous pappus.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers September — October.

The root is excessively bitter, from whence the plant has derived the
popular name of the Gall of the earth.

8. RuBICUNDA.

P. foliis ciliatiSj ra-
dicalibus hastalo-an-
gulatis, subintegerri-
mis, inferioribus obo-
vatis, basi attenuatis,
subangulatis, summis
lanceolatis, integerri-
mis; racemo simplici ;
floribus nutantibiis.

Leaves ciliate, those
of the root hastate,
angledj, nearly entire,
the lower stem leaves
obovate, tapering at
base, slightly angled,
the upper lanceolate,
entire ; racemes sim-
ple; flowers nodding.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1537. Pursh 2. p. 499-

This species with which I am unacquainted, was considered by Lin-
tjseus as a variety of the P. Alba. Mr. Nuttall considers it as the sani^
plant with the P. Virgata, and has excluded it from his list of species-.

Grows in shady woods from Pennsylvania to Caroliji?.

Stem not above 1 8 inches high. Pursh,

Flowers August — October.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALI»j

261

9. Serpentaria. Pursli.

P. foliis dentatis,
aspeiis, radicalibus
paimalo sinuatis, caul-
inis Joiigc petiolatis,
siimato piniialifidis,
subtrilobis, laciiiia in-
termedia 3-paitita,
summis lanceolatis; ra-
cemis terminalibus,
subpaniculatis, brevi-
biis, nutantibus; invo-
liicris 8-fidis, 12-floris.

Pursh 2. p. 499.

Plant 2 — 4 feet high, nearly glabrous. Leaves alternate, hastate, sin-
uate, angled and toothed, with a long attenuated base, resembling a winged
petiole, lateral lobes so abruptly angled at their termination, as frequently
to appear prcemorse. Flowers in loose terminal panicles ; florets purple,

This plant bears so striking a resemblance to the P. Alba, as ta
render it doubtful whether it ought to be separated from it. It appears
from the sjiecimens I possess, to be a taller plant, to have hs leaves mucti
jCQore distinctly hastate, its angles and lobes more acute.

Grows in the mountains in Pendleton county, S. Carolina.

Sent to me also from Salem, N. Carolina, by Dr. Schweinitz.

Flowers August — October.

Leaves toothed,
rough, those of the
root pahnate, of the
stem on long petioles,
sinuate, pinnatifid,
somewhat 3-lobed, the
middle segment 3 part-
ed, upper leaves lan^
ceolate; racemes ter-
minal, paniculate,
short, nodding ; invo-
1 iicr u m 8 -cleft, 1 2-
flowered.

10. Aphylla, Nutt.

P. caule subsimpli-
ci ; ramulis virgatis ;
foliis radicalibus line-
aribus, caulinis mini-
mis, subulatis, sparsis;
floribus solitariis ; in-
volucris 8-fidis, 10 —
12 floris.

•^utt. 2. p. 123,

Stem nearly simple;
branches twiggy ;
leaves of the root lin-
ear, of the stem small,
subulate, scattered ;
flowers solitary; invo-
lucrum 8-cleft, 10 —
12 flowered.

262

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

Root perennial ? Ste7n about 2 feet high, glabrous, striate, sparingly
branched towards the summit. Root leaves I have never seen. Stenn
leaves mere scales scattered along the stem. Flowers tenninal, solitary.
Involucrum very long, cylindrical. Florets purple.

The specimen of this plant which Dr. Baldwin sent me from St. Ma-
ry's under the name of Prenanthes Pumila, is too imperfect to enable me
to speak of it with much confidence. It appears to me questionable, how-
ever, whether it belongs to this genus.

It grows in the pine barrens round St. Mary's, Georgia.

Flowers.

HIERACIUM. Gen. Pl. 1238.

Receptaculum nii-
diusculum. Pappus
simplex, sessilis. In-
volucrum imbricatum,
ovatum.

1. Venosum.

H. scapo nuclo, pan
iculato, glabro ; foliis
obovato lanceoJatis,
supra rariter pilosis,
siibtus niidis, margine
ciliatis denticulatisque,
venis coloratis; invo-
lucris glabris.

Receptacle naked.
Pappus simple,sessile.
Involucrum imbricate,
ovate.

Scape naked, pani-
culate,glabrous; leaves
obovate lanceolate, a
little hairy on the up-
per surface, naked un-
derneath, the margins
fringed and toothed,
the veins coloured; in-
volucrum glabrous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1570. Pursh 2. p. 502.

Hoot perennial. Stem herbaceous, 1 — 2 feet high, glabrous, branching
towards the summit. Leaves all radical, lanceolate and obovate, with a
!ong tapering base, beautifully variegated with dark red veins, very hairy
along the midrib. Flowers in corymbose panicles. Involucrum ovate^,
interior leaves 8 — 10, equal, exterior much shorter, imbricate; florets ligu-
late, yellow. Seed oblong, striate, crowned with a sessile hairy pappus.
Receptacle naked, flat, dotted.

Grows in rich oak lands in the upper districts of Carolina and Geor-
gia-
Flowers April.

SYNGENESIA iE$UALIS«

2. Martanum. Pluk.

203

H. caule erecto, vil
loso 5 foliis obova-
tis, strigosis, cari-
na villosis, inferiori-
biis subdentatis ; |3e-
dunculis calycibusque
tomentosis.

Stem erect, villous'
leaves obovate, stri'
gose, with the kee*
villous, the lower ones
slightly toothed ; pe-
duncles and calyx to-
mentose.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1572. Nutt. 2. p. 125.

H. scabrum. Mich. 2. p. 86. Pursh 2. p. 504.

Root perennial. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, very hairy and scabrous. Leaves
sessile, attenuate, oval-lanceolate, the lower ones denticulate, very hispid,
particularly towards the base, upper leaves smiU. Flowers in a compact
terpiinal panicle. Interior leaves of the involucrum somewhat lanceolate,
hairy, but less tomentose than the peduncle ; florets numerous, yellow,
scarcely longer than the involucrum.

Grows in the upper and mountainous districts of Carolina.

Flowers August — September. Pursh.

3. G

RONOVII.

H. caule folioso,
paniculato; involucris
hispidis ; foliolis obo-
vatis lanceolatisque,
ciliatis, pubentissimis.

Stem leafy, panicu-
late ; involucrum his-
pid ; leaves obovate
and lanceolate, fring-
ed, very pubescent.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1570. Walt. p. 193. Mich. 2. p. 87. Pursh 2. p. 503.

Root perennial, somewhat praemorse. Stem simple, erect, 2 — 3 feet
high, nearly naked towards the summit, hairy and roughened with a gland
ular pubescence. Leaves few near the base of the stem, attenuate, sessile,-
sprinkled with long hairs, and at the same time covered with a short down^
almost tomentose, the margins scarious and sometimes toothed. Flowers
in a long,naked,terminal panicle. Livolucrum cylindric, and with the pe-
duncles covered with hairy and almost hispid glands, interior leaves about
12, linear, equal, exterior about the same number, imbricate; florets yel'
low. Seeds oblong, furrowed, crowned wtth a hairy pappus^

Grows in dry soils. Very common.

flowers through the whole summer.

^^64

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS'.

4. Paniculatum.

H. glabriusculum ;
caule erecto^ folioso.
paniculato, iiifei ne al-
bo-lanato, pedicellis
capillaribus; foliis lan-
ceolatis, niidis, denta-
tis, membranaceis.

Nearly glabrous ;
stem erectjleafy, pan-
iculate, woolly and
hoary below, pedicels
capillary ; leaves lan-
ceolate, naked, tooth-
ed, membranaceous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1572. Mich. 2. p. 86. Pursh 2. p. 503.

Root perennial. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, branching, nearly glabrous to-
wards the summit. Leaves lanceolate, thin, glabrous, sessile, sparingly
but very regularly denticulate. Panicle large, compound. Flowers on
long slender peduncles. Interior leaves of the involucrum very narrowj
glabrous; florets yellow. Seed deeply furrowed. Receptacle naked.

Grows in the mountains of Carohna.

Flowers July — September.

KRIGIA. Gen. Pl. 1244.

Involucrum poly-
phyllum,simplex. Re-
ceptacuhim nudum.
Pappus duplex, exte-
rior membranaceus,
interior capillaceus.

1. ViRGINICA.

K. pusilla, glauca ;
foliis primariis, subro-
tundis, integris,caeteris
lyratis, subglabris ;
scapis unifloris, gla-
bris, demum foliis lon-
gioribus ; involucro
glabro. Nutt. 2. p.
126.

Involucrum many
leaved, simple. i?e-
ceptacle naked. Pap^
pus double, the exte-
rior membranaceous^
the interior hairy.

Small, glaucous; the
first leaves nearly
round, entire, the rest
lyrate, nearly gla-
brous; scapes one flow-
ered, glabrous, finally
longer than the leaves;
involucrum glabrous.

Sp. pl. 3. p. I6l8. Pursh 2. p. 504.
Jiyoseris Virginicai Miqh. 2. p. 88.

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.

265

Plant often minute. Flowers bright orange colour. Leaves and Bris-
tles of the pappus 5 — 8. Nutt.
Grows in dry sandy soils.
Flowers in the spring.

2. Caroliniana.

K. foliis riincinatis, Leaves rimcinate,
subglabris; scapis prae- nearly glabrous ;

longis, involucrique scapes very long, and
basi glanduloso-pilo- with the base of the
sis. Nutt. involucrum glandular-

ly hairy.

Hyoseris Caroliniana. Walt. p. 194.

Root perennial, fibrous. Radical Leaves at first lanceolate, then pin-
natifid and sometimes runcinate, the lateral lobes acute, the terminal one
large, generally obtuse, all sometimes toothed, and sprinkled particularly
on the upper surface, with jointed hair. Scapes numerous from each
root, 6 — 12 inches high, a little hairy, particularly towards the base, one
flowered. Involucrum 10 — 20 parted, segments equal, linear lanceolate,
glabrous. Corolla ligulate, longer than the involucrum, bright orange co-
loured, a little hairy at base. Seeds inversely conic, striate, muricate,
crowned with a double pappus, the exterior composed of 5 short, nearly
round, membranaceous leaves, the interior of 5 scabrous bristles, as long
as the involucrum, and alternating with the leaves of the exterior pappus.
Receptacle naked, convex, dotted.

Around the plants of this genus there is still some obscurity. The
plant which I have minutely described above, is the' common species of
our country and is generally considered as the K. Virginica. The refe-
rences to Willd. and Mich, would perhaps be more correct here than un-
der the preceding species. If, as suggested by Mr. Nuttall, this is the H.
Caroliniana of Walter, I have no doubt that his H. Virginica is the K.
Dandelion of Nuttall. At the same time, I am persuaded that the plant I
have described is not the Southern species known to Mr. Le Conte and
Dr. Baldwin, which I have seen, but of which 1 have no description.

Grows in sandy soils. Very common.

Flowers February — April.

3. D

ANDELION.

K. glabra, subglau-
ca ; foliis lineari lan-
ceolatisjintegris, loevi-

Glabrous, slightly
leaves line-
ar lanceolate, entire,

glaucous ,

VOL. II.

1.2

266

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

bus ; scapis uniflbris. smooth ; scape l-flow-

ered.

Tragopogon dandelion. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1495.

Troximon dandelion. Persoon 2. p. 360.

Hyoseris major. Walt. p. 194.

Hyoseris angustifolia. Mich. 2. p. 87. Pursh, 2. p. 404.

Root perennial, somewhat tuberous. Primary Leaves oblong, narrow,
slif^htly obovate, the other leaves linear-lanceolate, 8 — 14 inches long,
acute, generally entire, sometimes very slightly denticulate, somewhat
glaucous. Scape a little longer than the leaves, bearing a few glandular
hairs near the base of the involucrum. Involucrum 10 — 12 parted; flo-
rets yellow, nearly three times as long as the involucrum. Scales of the
exterior pappus not distinguishable in my specimens, bristles of the interior
numerous.

Grows in the lime-stone soils in St. John's, Berkeley. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers.

This appears from the description to have been the original TragopogOH
Dandelion of Linnseus. Specimens sent to me from Salem, North-Caro-
lina, as the K. Dandelion of Nuttall belong, I think, to a very different:
species.

4. Amplexicaulis.

K. glauca; foliis ra-
dicalibus spathulato-
lanceolatis ovalibus-
que, dentatis ; scapis
parce foliosis ramosis-
que.

Nutt. 2. p. 127-

Hyoseris amplexicaulis. Mich. 2,
Hyoseris biflora. Walt. p. 194.
Hyoseris prenanthoides. Willd.
Troximon virginicum. Pursh, 2.

Glaucous; leaves of
the root spathulate
lanceolate and oval,
toothed ; scapes some-
what leafy and branch-
ed.

p. 87.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1516.
p. 505.

Root perennial. Stem 12 — 14 inches high, resembhng a scape bearing
a few sessile, semiamplexicaule, lanceolate or ovate leaves, and sparingly
divided into long slender branches. Radical leaves all spathulate, gene-
rally lanceolate and irregularly toothed. Flowers solitary, on the extre-
mities of the long branches. Involucrum about 12-parted, a little hairy
at base. Florets yellow, twice as long as the involucrum. Exterior pap'
pus 8-parted.

Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers.

3YNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

APOGON. E.

^67

Receptaculum nu-
dum. Pappus 0. In-
volacrum octop h y 11 u m
serie duplici.

I. HUMILIS. E.

Receplacle naked.
Pappus 0. Involw
crum 8-leaved in a
double series.

i?oo* annual? Stem 6 — 12 inches high, branching, glabrous. Root
leaves oblong, narrow, slightly obovate, sessile. The stem leovo-: si rap-
shaped, acute, entire, sessile and slightly glaucous. Flowers terminal and
somewhat umbellate, with two or more leaves sheathing the base of each
umbel ; perhaps 1 small leaf for each peduncle. Peduncles 3 — 8, 1 — 2
inches long, sometimes though rarely compound. Involucrum generally
8-leaved ; leaves ovate, acuminate, glaucous, a little hairy and closely uni-
ted at base but seeming to form two rows. Florets ligulate, few, (8 — 10)
small, yellow, a Ihtle longer than the involucrum. Receptacle naked, flat.
Seeds somewhat lanceolate, furrowed, transversely striate and without ev-
en the vestige of a pappus, as far at least, as the limited opportunities which
I have had for examining it, have enabled me to ascertain.

Grows, though very rare, in the low and middle country of Carolina.

Found many years ago along the road between Jacksonborough and
Ashepoo-Ferry. Sent to me recently from Augusta, Georgia, by Dr. Lea-
venworth.

Flowers April.

STOKESIA. L'Heritier.

Receptaculum nu-
dum. Pappus 4-seto-
sus. Involucrum foli-
aceum, subimbrica-
tum. Corolla radia-
ta ; corollulis radii in-
fundibuliformibus, ir-
regularibus.

1. Cyanea.

Receptacle naked.
Pappus composed of
4 bristles. Involucrum
leafy, somewhat im-
bricate. Corolla ra-
diating ; florets of the
ray funnel shaped, ir-
regular.

Root perennial. Stem leafy. Leaves lanceolate. Peduncles axillary,
3-flowered. Flowers large, blue or purple, very handsom*". Pursh.
With this plant I am entirely unacquainted.
Grows in Carolina.
Flowers.

268

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

CNICUS. Gen. Pl. 1255.

Involucrum imbri- Involucrum imbri-

catum, ventricosum,
squamis spinosis.

Pappus plumosus.
Receptaculwn villo-
sum.

1. Altissimus.

C. foliis sessilibus,
oblongo lanceolatisj
scabris, subtus tomen-
tosis, dentatis, cilia-
tis, radicalibus pinna-
tifidis; involucris brac-
teatis, ovatis ; squa-
mis ovato-lanceolatis,
spinosis, appiessis.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 1671. Pursh, 2. p.

cate, ventricose, with
spinous scales. P«p-
pus feathered. Re."
ceptacle villous.

Leaves sessile, ob-
long lanceolate, sca-
brous, tomentose un-
derneath, toothed,
fringed, those of the
root pinnatifid ; invo-
lucrum ovate, bracte-
ate ; scales ovate lan-
ceolate, spinous, ap-
pressed.

506.

Root perennial. Stem erect, branching, sometimes on the borders of
the Missouri, according to Mr. Nuttall, attaining the height of 15 or 18
feet. Leaves tomentose and hoary underneath, the upper one sessile, lan-
ceolate, irregularly spiny. Flowers ienxnndX. Involucrum somewhat cy-
lindrical, the scales ovate, acuminate, appressed, pale, with the termina-
ting spine discoloured and appearing as if riveted to the scale. Corolla
generally purple. Receptacle villous.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina. Pursh. Willd. I have not
myself seen this species in Carolina, my specimens are from Pennsylva-
nia.

Flowers July — September.

2. MuTICUS.

C. fohis omnibus
pinnatifidis, subtus
lanuginous, laciniis
spinulosis, sublanceo-

Leaves all pinnati-
fid, lanuginous under
neath, the
spinulous,

segments
somewhat

SYNGENE3IA iEQUALIS.

269

latis, acutis; ramiilis
nndiusculis iinifloris ;
iiivolucris
squamis muticis.

globosis

lanceolate, acute,

branches naked, one
flowered; involucrums
globose; scales un-
armed.

Pursh, 2. p. 499.

Cirsium muticum. Mich. 2. p. 89.

Stem tall, slender, branching. Leaves deeply sinuate, the segments
sometimes 3-lobed ; lobes acute and spiny, pale, hairy, and when young
lanuginous underneath. Flotvers in globose heads. Scales or leaves of
the involucrum lanuginous, the lower ones armed with spines, the upper
simple, acute. Corolla purple.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers July — September.

3. Repandus. Mich.

C. foliis amplexi-
caulibus, angusto-ob-
longis, laevissime ob-
tuseque sinuatis, spi-
nulis crebris, lanugi-
nosis ; ramis unifloris,
foHosis ; involucri

squamis lanceolatis, e

Leaves amplexi-
caule, narrow, oblong,
slightly and obtusely
sinuate, with nume-
rous small spines, lan-
uginous; branches one
flowered, leafy; scales
of the involucrum lan-

rectis, spinula arista- ceolate, erect, armed

tis.

with a spine.

Cirsium Repandum. Mich. 2. p. 89.

Stem erect, about 2 feet high, sometimes divided, but generally simple,
and bearing one terminal flower, very lanuginous. Leaves oblong, nar-
row, slightly sinuate, repand, very closely fringed with spines, slightly dis-
coloured and lanuginous underneath, 2 — 3 inches long and about half an
inch wide, perhaps larger near the root. Invohierum somewhat cylindri-
cal, scales ovate-lanceolate, very acute, terminating in a short spine, slight-
ly lanuginous. Corolla tubular, much longer than the involucrum, deep-
ly 5-cleft, bright purple. Receptacle bristly. Seed crowned with a beau-
tifully feathered pappus.

Grows in dry pine barrens in the middle districts of Carolina and Geor-
gia.

Flowers June — Jul v.

270

SYNGENESIA ^QCALlS.

4. V

IRGINIANUS.

C. simpliciusculus ;
foliis sessilibus, lance-
olatis, siibtus cano-to-
mentosis, remote den-
tatis.dentibiis spinosis;
floribiis solitariis ; in-
volucro globoso; squa
mis mucronatis.

Simple ; leaves ses-
sile, lanceolate, hoary
and tomentose under-
neath, remotely tooth-
ed; teeth spinous; flow-
ers solitary ; involu-
crum globose ; scales
mucronate.

Pursh, 2. p. 506.
Carduus Virginianus.
Cirsium Virginianum.

Walt. p. 195 ?
Mich. 2. p. 90.

Niitt. 2. p. 129.

Root perennial. Stem erect, 2 — 3 feet high, somewhat angled, cover-=
ed with a white tomentum, particularly towards the summit, sometimes
sparingly branched. Leaves narrow, lanceolate, acute, bearing spiny
teeth, sometimes slightly sinuate and angled, green and a little hairy on the
upper surface, hoary and tomentose underneath. Floioers solitary, termi-
nal. Involucrum ventricose ; scales oblong, ovate, acuminate, a little vil-
lous, terminated with a small reflected spine, glutinous along the midrib,
Corolla nearly twice as long as the involucrum, deeply 5-cleft, purple. Fi-
laments villous at base. Seeds oblong, slightly angled, crowned with a
feathered pappus. Receptacle flat, bristly.

Grows in wet pine barrens in the middle districts of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers June — September.

5. Glaber? Nutt.

C. foliis pinnatifi-
dis, glabriuscuUs, seg
mentis 3 — 5 lob is, a-
cutissime spinosis; in-
volucro ventricoso,
squamis pilosis, spinu-
la sub reflexa mucro-

natis ;
simo.

caule
E.

ramosis-

Leaves pinnatifid,
nearly glabrous, seg.
ments 3 — 5 lobed, a-
cutely spinous; invo-
lucrum ventricose,
scales hairy, mucro-
nate with the point re-
flected ; stem much di-
vided.

Nutt. 2. p. 129.

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

271

Root perennial. Stem erect, 4 — 6 feet high, furrowed, unarmed, some-
what glabrous but sprinkled with a few lanuginous liairs, branching more
than in any other species with which I am acquainted. Leaves sessile, 1
— 2 feet long, deeply pinnatifid, a little hairy along the veins and midrib,
armed with very acute spines along the margins and angles. Flowers
somewhat paniculate. Peduncles on small branches, nearly naked, slen-
der and a little hairy. Jrti'o/McrM/rt campanulate, venlricose; scales lan-
ceolate, closely appressed, a little hairy, viscid and armed with a short
somewhat recurved spine. Corolla much longer than the involucrum, of
a pale purple colour. Seeds oblong, glabrous, crowned with a beautifully
feathered caducous pappus. Receptacle flat, bristly.

This species of Cnicus, by far the most common in the low country of
Carolina and Georgia, appears to have been overlooked by both Walter and
Michaux, at least the C. Glaber of Mr. Nuttall is the only species whose
description accords with the character of our plant. I once considered it as
the C. Repandum, of Michaux, but the plant I have described under that
name agrees more accurately with his observations.

Grows in cultivated lands, very common about buildings.
Flowers May — August.

6. Discolor. Miihl.

C. foliis sessilibiis,
pinnatificlis, supra par-
ce pilosis, siibtus cane-
scenti-tomentosis, la-
ciniis bilobis spinosis ;
involiicris globosis,
squamis ovatis, spino-
sis ; caule ramoso.

Leaves sessile, pin-
natifid, a little hairy
on tiie upper surface,
hoary and tomentose
underneath; segments
two lobed, spinous ;
invokicrum globose,
scales ovate, spinous ;
stem branching.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1670. Nutt. 2. p. 130.

Stem erect, 3 — 6 feet high, in my specimens very hairy, and covered
with cobweb-like tomentum. Leaves long, deeply pinnatifid, the segments
very generally 2-lobed, the lobes ovate and spiny, woolly underneath, the
margin very irregularly armed whh spines. Flowers solitary, terminating
the branches, ^\liich are generally leafy, up to the base of the involucrum;
scales of the involucrum ovate, acute, crowned with a long spine. CO'
rolla bright purple. Seeds smooth, crowned, with a feathered pappus.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers June— July.

272

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.

7. HORRIDULUS.

C. foliis sessilibus,
pinnatifidis, acute in-
cisis, spinosissimis
subtus lanuginosis; flo-
ribus confertis, brac-
teatis; bracteis gemin-
atim spinosissimis; in-
voliicris inermibus.

Leaves sessile, pin-
natificl, acutely notch-
ed, very spinous, Jan-
uginous underneath ;
flowers crowded, brae-
teate ; bracteas very
spinous, the spines
generally in pairs ; in-
volucrum unarmed.

Pursh, 2. p. 507. Nutt. 2. p. 130.
Ciisium horridulum. Mich. 2. p. 90.
Carduus spinosissimus. Walt. p. 194.

Root perennial, fusiform. Stem erect, simple, 2 — 3 feet high, lanugi-
nous. Leaves sessile, crowded near the base of the stem, pinnatifid, seg-
ments lobed, and toothed, and acutely spinous, hairy on the upper surface,
lanuginous underneath. Flowers sometimes terminal, solitary, generally
axillary, on very short peduncles, crowded near the summit of the stem.
Bracteas 20 — 30 around the base of each flower, scarcely longer than
the involucrum ; the interior appear pectinately spinous, on the exterior
the spines are distinctly arranged in pairs. Involucrum ventricose, scales
jiumerous, lanceolate, very acute, but scarcely spiny, a little hairy. Co-
rolla pale purple. Seeds oblong, shining, crowned with a feathered pap-
pus.

Grows in dry poor soils. Very generally diffused over our country.

Flowers March — April.

LIATRIS. Gen. Pl. 1263.

Invohicrum oblon-
gurn,imbricatum. Re-
ceptacnlum nudum.
Pappus plumosus, sae-
pias coloratus. Semi-
na pubescenlia, ob-
conica*

Invohicrum oblong,
imbricate. Recepta-
cle naked. Pappus
feathered, generally
coloured. Seeds pu-
bescent, inversely co-
nic.

SYNGENESIA ^EQUALIS.

273

* Flowers in spikes
or racemes; root ticbe'^
rous.

Leaves linear, en-
tire, glabrous, ciliate
at base, nerved and
dotted; flowers in
spikes; scales of the
involucrum linear, ob-
tuse.

* Floribus spicatis
vel 7rice?nosis, radici'
bus tuberosis.

1. Spicata. Willd.

L. foliis linearibus
integerrimis, glabris,
basi ciliatis, nervosis
et punctatis ; capitulis
spicatis; squamis in-
volucri linearibus, ob-
tusis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. l636.
Muhl. Cat. ? p. 70
Serratula Spicata. Lin. Groii.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem two to tour feet high, simple, glabrous
Leaves linear lanceolate, very narrow, acute, dotte<l, somewhat rigid, spa-
ringly fringed at base. Flowers in a terminal spike, somewhat scattered,
much longer than the bracteal leaves. Involucrutn cylindrical, al)out 8-tlow-
ered, scales oblong, somewhat obtuse. Corolla bright purple, longer tliaii
the involucrum, and with the long style sprinkled with glandular dots.
Seeds furrowed, very hairy, crowned with the fcathoi'ed pappus.

Var. Macrostachya. Mich.

Mich. 2. p. 91. Pursh, 2. p. 507.

Stem 3 to 5 feet high. Leaves longer ajid narrower in proportion to their
length than in the preceding variet}, and more conspicuously fringed, flow-
ers in a long terminal spike, on pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. To this species
the figure of Dillenius Hort. Elth. t. 72. f. 83. appears to belong.

Grows in flat pine barrens.

Flowers, August — October.

2. Pycnostachya.

L. caule simplici,
hirsuto; foliis strictis,
angusto-linearibus, pu-
bescentibus ; spica lon-
ga, floribus confertim
sessilibus ; involucris

Stem simple, hairy;
leaves straight, narrow
linear, pubescent;

spike long, flowers clus-
tered, sessile; involu-
crum appressed, squar-

voL. ir.

m2

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

superne

rose at the sumniit.

274

appressis,
squarrosis.

Mich. 2. p. 91. Flush, 2. p. 507.

Pluck, ahn. t. 423. f. 6. ?

Plant two to four feet high. Floicers small. This plant, which I have
not seen in the low countr}', is said by Pursh to grow in our mountam mea-
dows.

Flowers in September.

8. Graminifolia. Walt.

L. eaule simplici,
glabro; foliis lineari-
bus, longissimis, gla-
bris, nervosis^ margine
scabriusciilis, costa
media interne subpilo-
sis; capitulis spicatis^
remotiusculis, subsessi-
libus; involucri squa-
mis oblongis, obtusis,
mucronatis, ciliatis, ap-
pressisj interioribusco-
loratis.

Stem simple, gla-
brous ; leaves linear,
very long, glabrous,
nerved, with the mar-
gins somewhat sca-
brous, the midrib hai-
ry on the upper sur-
face ; flowers in spikes,
rather distant, nearly
sessile; scales of the
involucrum oblong, ob-
tuse, mucronate, eili-
ate, appressed, the in-
terior coloured.

Pursh, 2. p. 508. Nutt, 2. p. 131.

Anon. Graminifolia. Walt. p. 197*

Pluk. aim. t. 424. f. 6. ?

Stem two to four feet high, simple, a little hairy. Leaves very narrow,
sometimes linear, sprinkled with hair all over their inner surface. Flowers
in a terminal spike, not crowded. Bracteal leaves as long Ss the involu-
crum, sometimes longer. Involucrum cylindrical, containing about six
flowers, scales oblong, obtuse, mucronate, pubescent along the margin.
Corolla purple, sprinkled, together with the style, with glandular dots.
Seeds furrowed, very hairy. Fappus feathered, not coloured.

Grows in wet pine barrens.

Flowers in September.

SYNGENESIA /EQUALIS.

275

4. Tenuifolia. Nutt.

L. caiile gracili, gla-
bro; foliis inferioribus
confertis, linearibus,
basi parce pilosis^ su-
perioribus setaceis ;
racemo longissimo;
pedicellis squamosis ;
involucri squamis ob-
loni>;is5 mucronatis.

Stem slender, gla-
brous; lower leaves
crowded, linear, a little
hairy at base, the up-
per setaceous ; raceme
very long; pedicels
leafy; scales of the in-
volucrum oblong, mu-
cronate.

JVutt. 2. p. 131.

L. Graminifolia. Willd. 3. p.

1636.?

Root tuberous. Stem two to four feet high, simple, glabrous ; lower leaves
very narrow or linear; glabrous, though a little hairy near the base, crowded,
and frequently, as has been remarked by Mr. Nuttall, resembling tufts of the
leaves of the Pinus palustris, upper leaves very small, setaceous, scatter-
ed. Flowers crowded in a terminal raceme. Peduncle four to six lines
long, furnished with two or three small scales, htvolucrum oblong, con-
taining about five flowers. Scales oval, membranaceous along the margin.
Corolla bright purple, sprinkled with glandular dots. Seeds furrowed,
very hairy. Pappus feathered, not coloured.

I have specimens from the western districts of Georgia, in which the
lower scales of the involucrum are lanceolate, acute; the interior all emar-
ginate and sometimes lacerate ; in all other respects agreeing exactly with
this species. I have always been accustomed to consider this plant as the
L. Graminifolia, of Willdenow and Muhlenburg, tliough not of Walter and
Pursh. ^

Grows in dry pine barrens.

Flowers, August — October.

5. Cyliivdracea. Mich.

L. gracilis, tota hir-
sutula; foliis Uneari-
bus; spica rariflora;
involucris subsessili-
])us, cylindraceis, pau-
cifloris; squamis apice
rotundatis, abrupte mu-
cronatis.

Slender, somewhat
hairy ; leaves linear;
spike few flowered ; in-
volucrum nearly ses-
sile, cyhndrical, few
flowered ; the scales
round at the summit,
abruptly mucronate.

276

SYNGENESIA iEQUALlS.

Mich. 2. p. 93. Pursh, 2. p. 508.

On the somewhat questionable authority of Pursh, (I mean questionable
as regards the habitat of his species,) I have introduced this plant, which he
mentions as liaving been collected in Carolina by Mr. Fraser. Michaux
discovered it in the prairies of the Illinois. The plant which under this
name I shall describe, I received from my friend Dr. Torrey, of New-York.
It was collected near the shores of Lake Michigan, and although by a many
flowered involucrum, and the want of pubescence, it varies from the des-
cription of Michaux, it yet resembles his plant in too many respects to be
hastily separated from it.

Root tuberous. Stem one to two feet high, slender, glabrous. Leaves
linear and linear lanceolate, long, narrow, glabrous; the upper leaves pubes-
cent along the margin, the lower ones attenuated very much at base.
Flowers iew, (five to eight) in a terminal spike, /?^^;o/^^c^•^<»^ long, cylin-
drical, containing fourteen to twenty florets. Scales oblong, rounded at
the summit, and abruptly acuminate, pubescent along the margin. Corolla
bright purple, sprinkled with glandular dots. Pappus conspicuously
feathered.

Grows in woods and meadows — Pursh.

Flowers, August — September.

6. ASPERA.

L. caiile subramoso,
scabro-pubescente; fo-
liis linearilanceolatis,
asperrimis ; capitulis
brevibus, spicalis, dis-
tincte alternis, solitari-
is, sessilibus; involucri
squamis rotundato-ob^
tusis, conniventibus.

Stem somewhat
branching, scabrous,
pubescent; leaves line-
ar lanceolate, very
rough; heads short,
spiked, distinctly alter-
nate, solitary, sessile ;
scales of the involu-
crum obtuse, nearly
round, connivent.

Mich. p. 92. Pursh, 2. p. 508.

This species, which was discovered by Michaux in the prairies of IllinoiSj
is mentioned by Pursh as growing also in Carolina. I have not seen it in
this country, and the Anon. Ramos, of Walter, which Pursh has quoted a?
a synonyme, and which perhaps formed his authority for placing it among
our plants, belongs, I think, to a very different species.

Flowers, August — October. Pursh.

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

277

7. Heterophylla.

L. caule simplici,
glabro; foliis Jaiiceola
tis, glabris, laevibus;
siiperioribus lineari-
lanceolatis, multoties
minoribus; involuciis
spicatis, brevissime pe-
diinculatis, subsquar-
rosis ; squamis lanceo-
latis, acutis, nudis.

Stem simple, gla-
brous; leaves lanceo-
late, glabrous, smooth,
the upper linear la?>ce-
olate, much smaller ;
heads spiked, on short
peduncles, somewhat
squarrose ; scales of
the involucrum lanceo-
late, acute, naked.

Willd. enum. 503.

Flowers the size of the L. Graminifolia.
Grows in South-Carolina and Georgia.
FlowerSj August — October.

8. PiLOSA.

L. caule simplici pu-
bescente ; foliis hnear-
ibus, pilosis, cihatis ;
capitulis racemosis,
laxiusculis ; squamis
oblongis, obtusis ; pe
dicelHs bracteolatis.

Stem simple, pubes-
cent; leaves linear,
hairy, fringed ; heads
racemose, loose; scales
of the involucrum ob-
long, obtuse; pedicels
bracteate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1636. Pursh, 2. p. 508. Nutt. 2. p. 131.
A low species, flowers the size of L. Pycnostachya. Pursh.

Var. dubia. Barton ?

Stem two to three feet high, streaked, not slender, a little hairy. Leaver
long, linear, the lower linear lanceolate, dotted, acute, hairy and fringed near
the base, nearly glabrous towards the summit. Racemes long, leafy : pedun-
cles one-half to one inch Igng, the lower ones long, compound, furnished
with small scales. /«<'o/«cr«<;H oblong, containing ten to fourteen flowers;
scales rather obtuse, fringed, appressed. Corolla bright purple, scarcely
longer than the involucrum. Seeds hairy. Pappus feathered, not coloured.

This variety is certainly not sufFiciently hairy to have merited the trivial
name which belongs to this species ; perhaps it is really distinct-

Grows in pine barrens — Georgia to New-Jersey.

flowers, August — October.

278

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.

9. Gracilis?

L. caiile gracili, pilo-
se; foliis lineaiibus,
glabris, basi ciliatis ;
capitulis racemosis,
sub 7-floris; involucri
squamis obovatis, cili-
atis, appiessis. E.

Stem slender, hairy;
leaves linear, glabrous,
fringed at base; heads
in racemes, about 7-
flowered; scales of the
involucrum obovate,
fringed, appressed.

Pursh, 2. p. 508.

I know not whether the plant I am describing is the real L. Gracilis ot
Pursh. It agrees with his description in many respects, and it certainly is
very different from the preceding species.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem two to three feet high, very slender,
streaked, pubescent. Leaves linear, narrower than those of any other spe-
cies excepting L. Tenuifolia, glabrous, slightly fringed at base, expanding,
the lower about six inches long, the upper scarcely an inch. Raceme ter-
minal. Peduncles nearly an inch long, hairy, furnished with a few small
scales. Involucrum containing about seven flowers ; scales obovate, obtuse,
dotted, coloured at the summit, scarious and fringed along the margin.
Corolla bright purple, much longer than the involucrum. Seeds furrowed,
hairy, crowned with a coloured, feathered pappus.

Grows in dry pine barrens.

Flowers September.

10. Secunda. E.

L. caule reclinato,
pubescente; foliis line-
aribus, glabris, basi
parce ciliatis; racemis
secundis ; involucri
squamis lanceolatis, a-
cutis, appressis.

Stem reclining.

pu-

bescent; leaves linear,
glabrous, sparingly
fringed at base; ra-
cemes secund; scales of
the involucrum lanceo-
late, acute, appressed.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stems two to three feet high, pubescent, de-
clining, generally curved. Leaves linear; the lower ones hnear lanceolate,
with a long attenuated base, dotted as in all of the species of this division.
F/ot<»ers in a long terminal raceme, which, from the peculiar habit of the
stems, is always turned to one side. Peduncles from half an inch to an
inch long, furnished with one or two subulate leaves. Involucrum about

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.

279

lO-leaved, containing four to five flowers. Leaves oblong lanceolate, acute,
sometimes slightly acuminate, glabrous, pubescent along the margin. Co-
rolla pale purple. Scefh furrowed, hairy. Pojjpus slightly feathered.

In the scales of the involucrum this plant bears a striking resemblance
to the L. Heterophylla; in other respects it appears sufficiently to differ.

Grows on the summits of the dry sand hills in the middle country ; com-
mon near Columbia.

Flowers, August — September.

11. Resinosa. Niitt.

L. glabra; foliis li-
ne arib us, confertis; ca-
pitulis spicatis, oblon-
gis, 4 — 5 floris; iiivo-
liicri sqiiamis obtusis,
appressis, resinosis,
demum canescentibus.

131.

Glabrous; leaves li-
near, crowded ; heads
spiked, oblong, 4 — 5
flowered; scales of the
involucrum obtuse, ap-
pressed, resinous, final-
ly hoary.

Nutt. 2. p.

Stem about two feet high, very smooth. Radical leaves long, stem leaves
numerous. Spike 6 to 12 inches long. Flowers bracteate, closely sessile.
Scales of the involucrum resiniferous, at length appearing whitish. Corolla
purple, internally smooth. Seed large, villous. Nutt.

Grows in the pine forests of North and South-Carolina.

Flowers.

12. Elegans.

L. caule simplici, vil-
loso; foliis lineari lance
olatis, subtus scabrius-
culis; racemo cylindra
cio, confertiflore; invo-
lucri squamis intimis li-
gulatis, coloratis.

Sp. pi. 3. 1635. Mich. 2. p. 11.
Stsphelina Elegans. Walter, 202.

Stem simple, villous;
leaves linear-lanceo-
late, slightly scabrous
underneath ; raceme
cylindrical, flowers
crowded; interior scales
of the involucrum ligu-
late, coloured.

Pursh, 2. p. 509. Nutt. 2. p. 132.

280

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem erect, thiee to five feet high, pubescent,
almost tomentose. Leaves linear lanceolate, sometimes falcate, cartilaginous
along the margins, dotted, the lower obscurely five-nerved. Flowers
axillary, crowded, forming a long compact cylindrical raceme. Peduncle
from two lines to an inch long, clothed with small leaves. Involucrum
about 12-leaved, bearing five flowers, leaves imbricate, lanceolate, ovate,
dotted, villous; the five interior very long, coloured. Corolla shorter than
the involucrum. Style deeply two cleft. Seeds oblong, furrowed, very
villous, crowned with a coloured, feathered pappus. Recejjtacle flat, dotted,
sometimes a little liair}^

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers, August — September.

13. SCARIOSA.

L. caule erecto, pi
loso ; foliis lanceolatis,
pubescentibus, margi-
ne scabris ; capitulis
racemosis, 14-floris ;
involucri squamis obo-
vatis, subglabris, mar-
gine scaiiosis, inferio-
ribus patentibus. E.

Stem erect, hairy;
leaves lanceolate, pu-
bescent, scabrous a-
long the margin; heads
racemose, l4-flowered;
scales of the involu-
crum obovate, nearly
glabrous, with the mar-
gin scarious, the lower
ones expanding.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1635. Pursh, 2. p. 509- Nutt. 2. p. 132.
L. Squarrulosa. Mich. 2. p. 92.
Anon. Ramos. Walt. p. 198.

Root tuberous, perennial. Leaves somewhat crowded, lanceolate, pubes-
cent, particularly on the under surface, scarious along tlie margin, the lower
nearly a foot long, including the long attenuated base, two inches wide, the
upper two to three inches long. Plotters in a terminal raceme. Pedun-
cles one to four lines long, pubescent. Involucrum somewhat squarrose at
base, scales dilated and slightly coloured at the summit. Corolla glabrous,
bright pur])Ie. Style nearly twice as long as the corolla. Seeds furrowed,
hairy. Pappus feathered, pale purple. Receptacle naked, slightly convex,
handsomely dotted.

This species is very much disposed to throw out branches whenever the
slightest injury is sustained by the stem. When the stem is broken, it will fre-
quently shoot out four or five long branches, and then from the size and
brilliant colour of the flowers, it becomes the most ornamental species of the
genus. In this state it is probably the Anon. Ramos, of Walter.

Of this plant there are many varieties or kindred species not yet discrimi-
Hated. In my Herbarium are the following :

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

281

a. Lanceolata, the var. described above. Anon. Ramos. Walt. L. Squar-
I'ulosa. Mich.

b. Intermedia. Stem leaves longer than in the preceding var. pubescent.
Involucntm containing twenty-four to thirty flowers. Scales obovate, con-
spicuously fringed. Grows on Long Island. Dr. Torrey. An intermediate
species between this and L. Spheroidea — perhaps belonging to the latter.

c. Diversifolia. Lower leaves large, glabrous. Stem leaves much smaller
than in the two preceding varieties, slightly pubescent. Stem almost to-
mentose. Involucruin containing about twenty flowers. Scales obovate,
pubescent along the margins.

d. Foliosa. Leases of the stem long, linear lanceolate, nearly glabrous.
Raceme long ; through the greater part of its length the leaves at the base
of each peduncle are longer than the peduncles and flowers. Involucrum
about fourteen flowered. Scales obovate, glabrous.

e. Confertiflora. Leaves lanceolate, the lower glabrous, very acute, the
upper small, a little hairy ; all somewhat crowded. Flowers in a compact
spike. Involucrum containing fourteen to twent}- flowers. Scales oboyaXej
nearly glabrous. Grows along the western frontier of Georgia.

Grows in dry soils.
Flowers, August — October.

14. Spheroidea. Mich.

L. foliis laevibiis; in-
ferioribus lato lanceo-
latis; super ioribus laii-
ceolato linearibus; ra-
ceme floribus majuscu-
lis, solitariis, alternis;
involucris subglobosis;
squamis ovalibus, erec-
tis.

Mich. 2. p. 92. Pursh, 2. p. 509-

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem two to four feet high, a little pubescent.
Leaves lanceolate, acute, dotted, glabrous, somewhat coriaceous. The low-
er ones large, attenuated into a petiole at base, four to five inches long.
Flotvers large, in a simple terminal raceme. Involucrum spheroidal, con-
taining many florets; scales oval or obovate, very obtuse, coloured, slightly
fringed, sometimes fimbriate, and sprinkled with glandular dots. Florets bright
purple, longer llian the involucrum. Seeds very hairy, crowned with a pap-
pus not conspicuously feathered.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina. Edgefield, Mr. Oemler.

Flowers, August — October.

Leaves smooth, the
lower broad, lanceo-
late, the upper narrow;
flower of the raceme
large, solitary, alter-
nate; involucrum near-
ly globular, the scales
oval, erect.

VOL. II.

n2

282

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

15. Squarrosa.

L. caule simplici pu-
bescente; foliis longis-
siiiie lineaiibus, nervo-
sis, margine scabrius-
culis; racemis pauciflo-
ris, foliosis; involucri
squamis superne folia-
ceis, lanceolatis, ligi-
dis, patentibus.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1634. Mich. 2. p. 92. Pursh, 2. p. 509. Nutt. 2. p. 132.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem two to three feet high, pubescent, a lit-
tle scabrous, leafy. Leaves linear, long ; the lower ones sometimes exceed-
ing a foot in length, glabrous, scarious along the margin ; the upper ones
sometimes ciliate. The nerves somewhat pellucid. Flowers generally four
to five, in a terminal raceme. Involucrum cylindrical ; scales ovate, lan-
ceolate, ciliate, acuminate, with the points all expanding. Florets bright
purple, deeply cleft, the segments hairy on the inner surface. Seeds oblong,
striate, hairy, crowned with a coloured pappus, conspicuously feathered.

Grows in dry pine barrens.

Flowers, September — October.

Stem simple, pubes-
cent; leaves very long,
linear, nerved, with
the margins scabrous;
racemes few flowered,
leafy; upper scales of
the involucrum leafy,
lanceolate, rigid, ex-
panding.

** Florihus cor y in"
hosis, radicibus fihro-
sis.

^^ F^ lowers in co-
rymbs; roots fibrous.

16. Pauciflora. Pursh.

L. caule simplici
glabro; fohis lineari-
bus, panicula virgata,
foliosa, ramis brevibus
paucifloris; involucris
subsessilibus secundis

3 — 5 floris:

squamis

erectis, lanceolatis, a-
cutis, glabris.

Stem simple, gla-
brous; leaves linear,
panicle virgate, leafy,
with the branches
short, few flowered,
involucrum sessile, se-
cund, 3 — 5 flowered;
the scales erect, lance-
olate, acute, glabrous.

3YNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

283

Pursh, 2. p. 510.

A small species described by Pursh, from specimens collected in Georgia
by Bartram, and now in the herbarium of the late Sir Joseph Banks.

17. Paniculata. Walt.

L. caule simplici, pi-
loso-viscoso; foliis lan-
ceolatis, nervosis, gla-
briusculis; panicula
coarctata; involucris
sub 5-floris, squamis
lanceolatis.

Stem simple, hairy,
viscid; leaves lanceo-
late, nerved, nearly
glabrous; panicle con-
tracted; involucrum ge-
nerally 5-flowered,
scales lanceolate.

Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1637. Mich. 2. p. 93. Pursh, 2. p. 510. Nutt. 2.
p. 132.

Anon. Paniculat. Walt. p. 198.

Root perennial, somewhat tiiberous. Stem erect, one to two feet highj
coloured and branching towards the summit, with the branches and invo-
lucrum viscid and very hairy. Leaves of the root spathulate, lanceolatej
very finely denticulate, glabrous ; leaves of the stem small, sessile, some-
times ovate-lanceolate, hairy. Flowers in a long terminal panicle, in clus-
ters from four to six, on the small branches. Involucrum six to eight leaved,
four to five flowered ; scales appressed, imbricate. Corolla much longer
than the involucrum, viscid, purple. Seeds furrowed, hairy, crowned with a
pale purple feathered pappus. Receptacle, naked, flat, dotted. The invo-
lucrum is sometimes found with eight to ten leaves, containing eight to ten
flowers, as if formed by the union, or soldering of two distinct heads of flow^
ers. (Cephalanthia — Rich.)

Grows in flat pine barrens, very common.

Flowers, September — October.

18. Odoratissima. Walt.

L. glaberrima; caule
simplici; foliis ovatis
lanceolatisque, nervo-
sis, denticulatis, sub
glaucis; panicula co-
rymbosa; involucris 7

Very glabrous;
stem simple; leaves o-
vate and lanceolate,
nerved, toothed, slight-
ly glaucous; panicle
corymbose; involu-

284

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

— 8 floris, squamis ob-
ovatis, obtusis.

crum 7 — 8
the scales
obtuse.

flowered,
obovate,

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1637. Mich. 2. p. 93. Pursh, 2. p. 510. Nutt. 2. p.
132.
Anon. Odoratiss. Walt. p. 198.

Root perennial, thick or tuberous. Stem erect, three to four feet high,
striate, purple. Leaves of the root spathulate, lanceolate or ovate, obtuse-
ly toothed, nerved ; of the stem amplexicaule, generally five nerved, all a lit-
tle glaucous, and when bruised, highly aromatic. Floivers in a large expand-
ing corymbose panicle. Involucrum ten to twelve leaved, generally seven
flowered, appressed, glabrous, coloured. Corolla a little longer than the in-
volucrum, bright purple. Seeds furrowed, a little hairy, crowned with
the coloured slightly feathered pappus.

Grows in flat pine barrens, in some situations very abundant ; when
trampled under the hoofs of horses, it perfumes the air with its peculiar
fragrance.

Flowers, September— October.

19. ToMENTosA? Mich.

L. caiile simplici, fo-
liisque cimeato-lanceo-
latis hirsutis; corymbo
paucifloro, depresso,
divaricato, ramis miil-
tifloris (4 — 8); involii-
cris glabris, squamis
ovalibus, obtusis.

Stem simple, and
with the cuneate lance-
olate leaves hairy; co-
rymb few flowered,
depressed, divaricate,
the branches many
flowered (4 — 8); invo-
lucrum glabrous, the
scales oval, obtuse.

Mich. 2. p. 93. Pursh, 2. p. 510.
L. Corymbosa. Nuttall, 2. p. 132.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, branching near the summit,
with the branches and base of the leaves hirsute, and somewhat tomentose.
Root leaves cuneate, lanceolate; stem leaves oblong, sessile; the lower
ones narrowed at base. Flowers in terminal corymbs. Branches many
flowered. Involucrum containing about twenty florets ; scales oval, mem-
branaceous along the margin, a little hairy at base. Corolla pale purple.
Seeds inversely conic, crowned with the feathered slightly coloured pappus.

This plant differs in some respects, particularly in its many flowered
branches, and in the smooth and obtuse scales of its involucrum, from the

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

285

L. Tomentosa of Michaux. It agrees, however, in so many other respects,
that I think it may be adopted as that species, at least, until a better claim-
ant for the name shall be discovered.

Grows ill damp soils along the margins of swamps in Georgia.

Flowers, September — October.

20. Walteri. E.

L. caule simplici, su-
perne piloso; foliis lan-
ceolatis, acutis, gla-
biis, pimctatis, basi-
attenuatis; floribus co-
rymbosis, involucris
multifloiis, squamis a-
ciitis, tomentosis. E.

Anon. Uniior. Walter^ p. 198.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, nearly glabrous at base, very
hairy towards the summit. Root leaves narrow, lanceolate, glabrous, with
the attenuated base three to five inches long; stem leaves diminishing in size,
the upper ones very small, ovate, sessile and hairy. Corymb (evf flowered.
Branches, one to five flowered. Scales of the involucrum ovate, acute,
coloured, toraentose. Corolla deep purple. Seeds furrowed, a little hairy,
crowned with the coloured slightly feathered pappus.

This plant appears to form an intermediate species between L. Bellidifolia
and Tomentosa.

Grows in St. John's, Berkeley.

Flowers, September — October.

Stem simple, hairy
near the summit; leaves
lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous, dotted, attenu-
ate at base; flowers in
corymbs, involucrum
many flowered, the
scales acute, tomen-
tose.

VERNONIA. Gen. Pl. 1262.

Receptaculum nu-
dum. Pappus duplex:
exterior paleaceus,
brevis; interior capil-
laris. Involucrwm ov-
atum, imbricatum.

Receptacle naked.
Pappus double, the
exterior chafly, short,
the interior capillary.
Involucrum ovate, im-
bricate.

286 SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

1. Oligophylla. Mich.

V. caule simplici, su-
perne ramoso; folii^ ra-
dicalibus ovalibus, cauli-
nis lanceolatis, omnibus
dentatis; corymbo pani-
culate; involucri squamis
ianceolatis, acuminatis.

Stem simple, branch-
ing towards the summit;
root leaves oval, stem
leaves lanceolate, all
toothed; corymb panicu-
late; scales of the invo-
lucrum lanceolate, acu-
minate.

Mich. 2. p. 94. Pursh, 2. p. 511. Nutt. 2. p. 134.
Chrysocoma Acaulis. Walt. p. 196.

Root perennial, stoloniferous. Stem about two feet high, furrowed, a
little pubescent and scabrous. Root leaves large, oval, acute, coarsely but
acutely toothed ; stem leaves a little crowded at the base of the stem, scatter-
ed towards the summit, finely toothed, sometimes serrate ; all scabrous on
the upper surface, pubescent underneath, particularly along the veins. Pe-
tioles of the radical leaves about two inches long ; of the stem leaves only
an attenuated base. Flowers scattered in an in-egular ptyiicled corymb.
Involucrum imbricate; scales ovate-lanceolate, pubescent, fringed, acumi-
nate, the lower ones filiform at their summits. Corolla purple, deeply five-
cleft, much longer than the involucrum. Seeds oblong, striate, hairy, crown-
ed with a double pappus ; the exterior composed of many short scales ; the
interior hairy, somewhat scabrous.

Grows in damp pine barrens, and along the margins of swamps.

Flowers June — July.

2. SCABERRIMA? Nutt.

V. caule simplici; fo-
liis lineari lanceolatis,
denticulatis, scabris, pi-
losis; corymbo subumbel-
lato; involucri squamis
longe mucronatis.

Stem simple; leaves
linear lanceolate, denti-
culate, scabrous, hairy;
corymb somewhat um-
belhform; scales of the
involucrum conspicuous-
ly mucronate.

Nutt. 2. p. 134.

Roof perennial. Stem about two feet high, slender, very hairy near the
base, smooth and nearly naked towards the summit. Leaves somewhat
crowded on the lower part of the stem, sessile, two to three inches long,
hairy and scabrous on both surfaces, with the margins revolute and sparing-

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS,

287

ly denticulate. Flowers in a small, terminal, umbellate corymb, with a few
scattered branches below the umbel. Scales of the involucrum ovate, lan-
ceolate, fringed, terminating in a long, subulate, somewhat rigid point.
Corolla bright purple. Seeds furrowed, hairy, crowned with a double pap-
pus ; the exterior composed of shoit, subulate scales j the interior long, hairy,
slightly scabrous. Receptacle naked, dotted.

Grows in dry pine barrens.

Flowers June — August.

3. Angustifolia.

V. caule simplici; fo-
liis crebiis, Jonge an-
gusteque linearibus,
subintegris; corymbo
subumbellato; involu-
cri squamis
mucronatis.

rigide

Stem simple; leaves
numerous, long, linear,
nearly entire; corymb
somewhat umbelliiorm;
scales of the involu-
crum rigid, mucro-
nate.

Mich. 2. p. 94. Pursh, 2. p. 511.
Chrysocoma Graminifolia ? Walt. p. 196.

Root perennial. Stem about three feet high, simple and somewhat sca-
brous. Leaves linear and linear lanceolate, sparingly denticulate, with the
margins revolute, somewhat lucid, paler and a little hairy underneath, very
scabrous, numerous but not crowded, expanding. Flowers in a large ter-
minal corymb. Scales of the involucrum ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a
long, subulate, expanding, somewhat rigid point. Florets numerous. Co-
rolla bright purple. Seed furrowed, hairy ; interior pappus hairy, scabrous.

Grows in very dry soils. On the high sand hills in the middle country.
Common near Columbia.

Flowers June — August.

4. NOVEBORACENSIS.

V. altissima; foliis
crebris, lanceolatis,
serrulatis, scabris; co-
rymbo fastigiato; in-
volucri squamis apice
filiformibus.

Very tall; leaves nu-
merous, lanceolate,
serrulate, scabrous; co-
rymb fastigiate; scales
of the involucrun^ fili-
form at the summit.

288

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1632. Mich. 2. p. 95. Pursh, 2. p. 511. Nutt. 2.
p. 134.

Root perennial. Stem five to six feet high, pubescent and branching to-
wards the summit. Leaves numerous, long, narrow, lanceolate, a little sca-
brous, nearly glabrous on the upper surface, finely pubescent, particularly
along the veins, on the under. Floioers in a very large terminal corymb.
Involua^um loosely hemispherical; scales ovate-lanceolate, terminating in a
long, subulate point. Florets numerous. Corolla purple. Seed furrowed, a
little hairy.' Scales of the exterior pappus subulate, interior pappus long,
hairy

Grows in ditches and wet lands.

Flowers July — September.

5. TOMENTOSA. E.

V. caule gracili, su-
perne tomentoso; foliis
longe angusteque lan-
ceolatis, acutissime
serratis, supra scabri-
usculis^ subtus tomen-
tosis, canescenlibus;
corymbo fastigialo;
involucri squamis api-
ce filiformibus.

Stem slender, to-
mentose towards the
summit; leaves long,
narrow, lanceolate, ve-
ry acutely serrate,
slightly scabrous on
the upper surface, to-
mentose and hoary
underneath; corymb
fastigiate; scales of the
involucrum filiform at
the summit.

Chrysocoma Tomentosa ? Walt. p. 196.

Stem three to five feet high, rather slender for its height, finely tomentose,
the summit and branches of the corymb hoary. Leaves five to seven inches
lonp, scarcely one wide ; densely tomentose underneath. Flowers in a termi-
nal corymb. Scales of the involucrum ovate lanceolate, hairy, terminating
in a very long filiform point. Corolla purple.

This plant, of which however, my specimens are imperfect, containing
only immature flowers, appears to differ from any of our described species,
unless it be the C. Tomentosa of Walt. The filiform points of the involu-
crum are twice as long as those of any other species that I have seen.

Grows in wet soils, ditches. St. Thomas and St. Dennis, near Charles-
ton, Mr. Caradeux.

Flowers July — August.

SYNGENESIA illQUALIS.

^89

6. PR^ALTA.

V. caule altissimo,
anguloso, dense-pube-
sceiite; foliis crebris,
lanceolatis, acute ser-
ratis, siibtus pubescen
tibiis; corymbo fasligi-
ato; involucri sqiiamis
ovatis, acutis, muticis.

Stem very tall, an-
gled, densely pubes-
cent; leaves numerous,
lanceolate, acutely ser-
rate, pubescent under-
neath; corymb fastigi-
ate; scales of the invo-
lucrum ovate, acute^
unarmed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1633. Mich. 2. p. 95. Pursh, 2. p. 511.

With this species I am unacquainted.

Grows from New-England to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers August — October.

7. Altissima. Nutt.

V. caule glabro; fo-
liis lanceolatis, serratis,
scabriuscuUs; involucro
parvo, hemispherico,
squamis ovatis, acutis,
ciliatis, muticis, arete
appressis.

Stem glabrous;
leaves lanceolate, ser-
rate, slightly scabrous;
involucrum small, he-
mispherical, scales o-
vate, acute, fringed,
unawned, closely ap-
pressed.

Nutt. 2. p. 134.
Chrysocoma Giganlea?

Walt. p. 296.

Stem six to ten feet high, nearly glabrous, heaves very long, narrow,
nearly smooth on both sides, slightly scabrous, serrulate. Flowers small, in
an irregular terminal corymb. Involucrum hemispherical; scales ovate,
acuminate, slightly mucronate, ciliate, closely appressed. Corolla purple.
Seeds furrowed, ribs very slightly hairy. Pappus very short, the interior
hairy.'

This species, although the leaves are not rugose, is probably the C. Gigan-
tea of Walter. It is readily distinguished by its small compact hemispheri-
cal involucrum, from any other species which I have seen.

Grows in ditches and damp soils.

Flowers Augu3t — October.

VOL. II. o 2

290

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

BRICKELLIA. E.

Involucrum poly-
phyllum, imbricatum.
Semina sub glabra, 10
striata. Pappus pilo-
sus sive scaber. Re~
ceptaculum nudum,
punctatum.

Involucrum many
leaved, imbricate. Seed
nearly glabrous, 10
streaked. Pappus

hairy or scabrous. Re^
ceptacle naked, dot-
ted.

1. CORDIFOLIA. E.

Stem about three feet high, finely pubescent, ahnost tomentose near the
summit. Lower leaves opposite, cordate, acuminate, dentate, triplinerved,
finely pubescent, particularly on the under surface, on petioles about an inch
long ; upper leaves frequently alternate, obtuse at base. Flowers not nu-
merous, moderately large, in a terminal paniculate corymb. Involucrum
many leaved, many flowered, (forty to fifty) ; the interior leaves linear-lan-
ceolate ; the exterior linear, almost setaceous, loosely attached to the sum-
mit of the peduncle. Corolla tubular, five-cleft at the summit, pale purple.
Stamens shorter than the corolla, attached to the tube. Sti/le much longer
than the corolla, two-cleft. Stigmas linear, obtuse. Seed long, angular,
striate, a little hairy towards the summit. Receptacle slightly convex, naked,
conspicuously dotted. Pappus hairy, pale purple, a little scabrous, as long
as the corolla.

This plant which in its artificial characters is closely allied to the Eupato-
rium, differing principally in size and number, in its general aspect, beats more
resemblance to the Vernonia. I have named it in commemoration of Dr.
John Brickell, of Savannah, who at one period of his life paid much atten-
tion to the botany of this country, and made known to Dr. Muhlenberg,
Fraser and others, many of its undescribed plants.

Grows on the sides of hills in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — September.

KUHNIA. Gen. Pl. 322.

Involucrum cylin-
draceum, imbricatum.
Pappus plumosus, ses-
silis. /S^mina pubes-
centia, multistriata.

Involucrum cylindri-
cal, imbricate. Pappus
feathered, sessile.

Seeds pubescent, many
streaked.

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

291

1. Critonia.

K. foliis linearibus,
subintegerrimis, subtus
punctatis; panicula
long a, patente.

Leaves linear, near-
ly entire, dotted under-
neath; panicle long,
expanding.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1773.
Critonia Kuhnia.

Pursh, 2. p. 512. Nutt. 2. p. 135'.
Mich. 2. p. 101.

Root thick, somewhat tuberous, perennial. Stem slender, about three
feet high, striate, pubescent. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, entire, with
the margin revolute when young, pubescent. Flowers in a very long ex-
panding panicle composed of small, somewhat corymbose clusters. Invo-
lucrum cylindrical, imbricate, sixteen to twenty leaved, containing eight to
ten flowers; the exterior Zeawes small, acute, reflected at the summit; the
interior twice as long, linear, erect, pubescent. Corolla tubular, white, the
border five-cleft, segments acute, with a glandular fringe. Filaments very
short, anthers slightly united. Style deeply two-cleft. Seed cylindrical,
firmly striate, nearly glabrous, crowned with a white beautifully feathered
pappus. Receptacle flat, naked, deeply dotted.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers September — October.

2. EUPATORIOIDES?

K. caule ramoso,
pubescente; foliis lan-
ceolatis, serratis, sub-
tus pubescentibus,
glanduloso punctatis;
floribus paniculatis.

Stem branchings
pubescent; leaves lan-
ceolate, serrate, pubes-
cent underneath, sprin-
kled with glanduiar
dots; flowers in pani-
cles.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1772. Pursh, 2. p. 512. Nutt. 2. p. 135.

Stem two to three feet high, branching, the young branches very pubes-
cent. Leaves three inches long, lanceolate, irregularly serrate, slightly sca-
brous on the upper surface, pubescent underneath, thickly spotted with
glandular granules. /wwo^McrMw cylindrical, containing about ten flowers j
leaves linear, acute, pubescent, the exterior very small. Corolla white.
Seeds finely striate, more pubescent than those of the preceding species-.
Pappus beautifully feathered.

292

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia j very common in the prairies
of the Alabama.

Flowers September — October.*

MIKANIA. WiUd.

Receptaculum nu-
dum. Pappus pilosus.
Involucruin 4 — 6 phyl-

Receptacle naked.
Pappus hairy, luvo'
lucrum 4 — 6 leaved.

lum, 4 — 6 florum. Sty- 4 — 6 flowered. Style
lus semibifidus, longus, long, deeply cleft.

1. SCANDENS.

M. caule scandente, Stem scandent, gla-
glabro; foliis cordatis, brous; leaves heart-

* This genus, closely allied in habit and appearance to the Eupatoriiira,
possesses nearly all the artificial characters of the Liatris. One other species I
wish to add to this genus, though perhaps not strictly within the limits of
this publication.

3. Glutinosa. E.

K. glutinoso-pubescens ; foliis
lanceolatis, superne attenuatis, in-
ciso-dentatis, confertis ; floribus co-
rymboso-paniculatis.

Pubescent, glutinous; leaves lan-
ceolate, tapering towards the sum-
mit, notched and toothed, crowdedj
flowers in paniculate corymbs.

Stem about two feet high, branching, with the leaves and calyx very pu-
bescent, sprinkled with glandular dots, and covered with a viscid or gluti-
nous exudation. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, the lower sometimes ovate-lan-
ceolate, the upper linear, the large leaves irregularly notched and toothed,
sometimes laciniate. Flowers in long terminal panicles, composed of small
corymbs. Involucrum cylindrical, containing eight to ten flowers ; scales
linear, the exterior very small. Corolla white. Style as in all of this ge-
nus, scarcely longer than the corolla. Seeds finely striate, pubescent. F«p-
piis as in the two preceding species, beautifully feathered.

Grows in the prairies of the Alabama.

Flowers September — October.

SYNGENESIA -SQUALlS.

293

repando-dentatis, acu-
hiinatis, lobis divaiica-
tis, inaequalibus; flori-
bus corymbosis.

shaped, repand, tooth-
ed, acuminate, with the
lobes divaricate, une-
qual; flowers in co-
rymbs.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1743. Pursh, 2. p. 517-
Eupatorium Scandens. Walt. p. 198.

Nutt. 2. p. 136.
Mich. 2. p. 97.

A twining plant, running over small shrubs. Floioers white, tinged with
blue.

Grows along the margins of water courses from Canada to Carolina.
Pursh. Not found in the low country.

Flowers July — September.

Pubescent; stem
climbing; leaves cor-
date, repand, toothed,
angled at base, acumi-
nate; involucrum four-
flowered.

2. PUBESCENS. Muhl.

M. pubescens; caule
volubili; foliis cordatis,
repando-dentatis, basi-
angulatis, acuminatis;
involucro quadrifloro.

Muhl. Cat. p. 71. Nutt. 2. p. 136.

Root perennial. Stem voluble, striate, pubescent, climbing fifteen to
twenty feet high. Leaves opposite, cordate, conspicuously acuminate, an-
gled and somewhat hastate at base, pubescent, on petioles about an inch long.
Flowers in paniculate corymbs, axillary and terminal. Involucrum, com-
posed of four equal leaves, and a fifth exterior and smaller, all linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate, hairy. Corolla tubular, a little longer than the calyx, pale
purple, slightly fragrant. Stamens very short. Style almost twice as long
as the corolla, two-cleft. Seed oblong, striate, slightly angled when young,
glandular. Pappus hairy. Receptacle naked, dotted.

The Synonyme of Walter, quoted under the preceding species, probably
belongs to this. The genus itself is scarcely distinct from Eupatorium.

Grows very abundantly in damp soils.

Flowers July — October.

EUPATORIUM.

Involucrum imbrica-

Gen. Pl. 1272.

Iiwolucrmn imbri-

tum^ oblongum. Stylus cate, oblong. Style

294

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

longus, semibifidus.
Semina glabra, (5)
striata vel angulata.
Pappus pilosus, ple-
rumque scaber. Re-
ceptaculum nudum.

* Involucris 3 — 5
Jioris.

1. FCENICULACEUM.

E. caule paniculate;
foliis glabris, inferiori-
bus pinnatis, superior-
ibus fasciculatis, omni-
bus filiformibus.

long, deeply cleft.
Seeds glabrous, 5 stri-
ate or angled. Pap»
pus hairy, generally
scabrous. Receptacle
naked.

* Involucrum cori"
taining 3 — b jiowers*

Stem paniculate;
leaves glabrous, the
lower pinnate, the up-
per clustered, all fili-
form.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1750. Pursh, 2. p. 512. Nutt. 2. p. 135.
E. Foeniculoides. Walt. p. 199.
Chrysocoma Capillacea. Mich. 2. p. 101.

'Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, three to ten feet high, striate, clothed
with a soft pubescence. Lower leaves compoundly pinnate or pinnatifid,
the segments generally about an inch long, filiform, glabrous and furrowed
along the upper surface; the upper setaceous in fasciculate clusters. Flow-
ers very small and numerous, in compound nearly erect panicles. Involu-
crum ten-leaved, three to five flowered, the five interior leaves equal, the
exterior small, all linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla tubular, five-cleft,
of a yellowish white colour, sometimes sprinkled with purple. Stamens
very short. Germ oblong, glabrous. Style much longer than the corolla,
deeply two-cleft, stigmas glandular, obtuse. Seeds cylindrical. Pappus
slightly scabrous. i?ece/?^ac/e naked, dotted.

Grows in pastures very abundantly, preferring damp rich soils. Dog-
Fennel.
, Flowers September — October.

2. CORONOPIFOLIUM.

E. caule paniculato;
foliis inferioribus pin-
natifidis, laciniis lance-
olato-linearibus, denti-

Stem paniculate;
lower leaves pinnatifid,
the segments lanceo-
late linear, denticulate,

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

295

culatis, superioribus
indivisis, linearibus,
fasciculatis, omnibus
punctatis, pubescenti-
bus. E.

the upper undivided^
linear, clustered, all
dotted, pubescent.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1750. Pursh, 2. p. 512. Nutt. 2. p. 135.
E. Compositifolium. Walt. p. 199.
Chrysocoma Coronopifolia. Mich. 2. p. 102.

Root perennial, creeping? Stem herbaceous, erect, three to four feet
high, pubescent. Lower leaves pinnatifid, segments five to seven, linear,
but acute at each end, slightly and sparingly denticulate. Panicle com-
pound, with the branches expanding. Involucrum eight to ten-leaved, five-
flowered, the five interior leaves equal, imbricated at base, with three to five
smaller ones, all pubescent, linear-lanceolate, very acute. Corolla white,
scarcely longer than the involucrum, slightly five-cleft. Stamens as long as
the corolla. Germ oblong, angled. Style much longer than the stamens,
two-cleft. Stigmas single. Seed glabrous, crowned with a scabrous pap-
pus as long as the corolla.

This species is closely allied to the preceding, although agreeing in charac-
ter, they differ in habit and appearance from all the other species of this
genus — under this name two species are now probably included.

Grows in dry poor soils.

Flowers September — October.

3. PiNNATIFIDUM. E.

E. foliis pinnatifidis,
inferioribus verticilla-
tis, superioribus alter-
natis, laciniis lineari-
bus, pubescentibus; flo-
ribus corymbosis. E.

Leaves pinnatifid,
the lower verticillate,
the upper alternate, the
segments linear, pube-
scent; flowers in co-
rymbs.

Root perennial. Stem erect, three to four feet high, striate, branching
towards the summit, pubescent on the branches. Lower leaves verticillate
by fours, two to three inches long, pinnatifid, the segments linear, one to one
and a half inches long, the upper generally alternate. Flowers in a large
fastigiate corymb. Involvcrum eight to ten-leaved, five-flowered; leaves
oblong, lanceolate, pubescent, sprinkled on the back with glandular dots.
Corolla white, five-cleft. Style much longer than the corolla, deeply two-
cleft. Stigmas glandular. Seed oblong, deeply striate or furrowed, crown-
ed with a scabrous pappus rather longer than the corolla.

Tnis plant appears to connect the two preceding species with the rest of

296

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

the genus. It has the pinnatifid leaves of the former, with the corymbose
flowers that distincfuish all of the subsequent species.

Grows in damp soils, in the middle districts of Carolina.

Flowers September — October.

4. LlNEARIFOLIUM. Walt.

E. caiile siibprociim-
bente, superne villoso;
foJiis caulinis oppositis,
lanceolato - linearibus,
rarissime dentatis, in-
terdum fasciculatis;
stylo cor oil am subae-
quante.

Stem somewhat pro-
cumbent, villous tow-
ards the summit; stem
leaves opposite, lance-
olate - linear, rarely
toothed, sometimes
clustered; style as long
as the corolla.

Walt. p. 199. Mich. 2. p 97- Pursh, 2. p. 513.? Sp. pi. 3. p. IfSO.?

Stem generally procumbent, one to two feet high, almost viscidly pubes-
cent, branches opposite and alternate. Stem leaves generally opposite, ses-
sile, three-nerved, pubescent, slightly scabrous, having generally at their
base verticillate clusters of smaller leaves. Flowers in an irregular corymb.
Involucrum cylindrical, ten-leaved, five-flowered; leaves linear, very vil-
lous, sprinkled with glandular dots. (Corolla white. Stamens very short.
Germ angled. Style two-cleft, not longer than the corolla. Stigmas ol>
tuse, glandular. Seed furrowed, crowned with a scabrous pappus.

Grows commonly in dry soils.

Flowers August — October.

5. Hyssopifolium. Linn.

E. caule erecto; foliis
infimis oppositis,lanceo-
lato-linearibus, subden-
tatis; corymbo subfas-
tigiato; stylo corolla
multo longiore.

erect; lowest

Stem

leaves opposite,lanceo-
late - linear, slightly
toothed; corymb nearly
fastigiate; style much
longer than the corolla.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1749.? Pursh, 2. p. 512.?

Stem straight, erect, about two feet high, pubescent, branches generally
alternate, heaves sessile, the lowest opposite, the upper alternate, linear
lanceolate, slightly toothed, dotted, pubescent, bearing sometimes at base
clusters of sm^l leaves. Flowers in a terminal, somewhat fastigiate corymb.

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.

297

Involucrum ten-leaved, five-flowered; leaves linear-lanceolate, pubescent,
sprinkled with glandular dots, purplish at the summit. Corolla white,
sprinkled with glandular dots. Stamens very short. Style much longer
than the corolla, two-cleft. Stigmas obtuse. Seed furrowed, sprinkled
with glandular dots; crowned with a scabrous almost feathered pappus.

This species has evidently been confounded with the preceding by Wal-
ter and Michaux, and I feel uncertain whether my references to Willdenow
and Pursh are correct. This species, however, appears to me sufficiently
ilistinct.

Grows very common, preferring damp soils.

Flowers September — October.

6. Glaucescens. E.

E. foliis subsessili-
bus lanceolatis, obtuse
serratis, basi integerri-
mis, triplinei vibiis, sub
glaucis, pubescentibus;
floribus corymbosis.
E.

Leaves nearly ses-
sile, lanceolate, ob-
tusely senate, entire
at base, triplinerved,
somewhat glaucous,
pubescent; flowers in
corymbs.

S^ejn about two feet high, pubescent. Leaves of the stem generally op»
posite, scarcely more than an inch long, but wide in proportion to their
length, with three to four obtuse serratures from the middle to the summit,
pubescent on both surfaces, acute at base, but scarcely petiolate, and gene-
rally bearing a pair of small lanceolate leaves in each axil ; the leaves of the
branches small and generally alternate, all of an olive green and somewhat
glaucous hue. Flowers in corymbs. Involucrum eight to ten-leaved, five-
flowered ; the leaves lanceolate, acute, sprinkled externally with glandular
dots. Corolla white. Style much longer than the corolla, two-cleft. Paj^
pus slightly scabrous.

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers September.

7. Sessilifoliuw.

E. foliis sessilibus,
amplexicaulibus, dis-
tinctis, ovato-lanceola-
tis, basi rotundatis,
serratis, glaberrimis;
caule glabriusculo.

Leaves sessile, am-
plexicaule, distinct, o-
vate-lanceolate, round
at base, serrate, very
glabrous; stem nearly
glabrous.

VOL. II.

p2

298

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS,

Sp.pl. 3. p. 1251. Walt. p. 199. Mich. 2. p. 98. Pursh, 2. p. 518.

Stem obscurely four-angled, sprinkled with hairs which are scarcely visi-
ble without a lens. Leaves rounded at base, amplexicaule, opposite but not
connate, sprinkled underneath with minute resinous dots. Peduncles pu-
bescent. Willd.

Grows in the mountains. Pursh, Mich.

Flowers August — September.

8. Truncatum. Muhl.

E. foliis sessilibiis,
amplexicaulibus, dis-
tinctis, lanceolatis, basi
truncatis, serratis, gla-
briusculis; caule pube-
scente.

Leaves sessile, am-
plexicaule, distinct,
lanceolate, truncate at
base, serrate, nearly
glabrous; stem pubes-
cent.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1751. Pursh, 2. p. 513.

Stem covered, particularly towards the summit, with slender, jointed, white
hair. Leaves opposite, sessile, amplexicaule, distinct, rather broad, very
glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent underneath along the veins, and
sprinkled with resinous dots, obtusely serrate and truncate at base. Pedun-
cles and Involucrum pubescent. Very similar to E. Sessilifolium, yet suffi-
ciently distinct by a stem pubescent, leaves truncate at base, the serratures
larger and more obtuse, and the involucrum more pubescent. Willd.

I have taken the description of this and the preceding species from Will-
denow. Specimens which have been sent me under these names from Penn-
sylvania, North-Carolina, and the mountains of South-Carolina, are not to
me sufficiently distinct ; perhaps I have seen only one species.

Grows on the Saluda and Alleghany mountains.

Flowers August — September.

9. Album. Linn.

E. foliis subsessili-
bus, oblongo lanceola-
tis, scabriusculis, ser-
ratis; involucri squamis
interioribus elongatis,
lanceolatis, scariosis,
albis.

Leaves nearly ses-
sile, oblong-lanceolate,
somewhat scabrous,
serrate; the interior
scales of the involucrum
long, lanceolate, scari-
ous, white.

3YNGENESIA ^QUALI3.

299

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1752. AValt. p. 199- Pursh, 2. p. 513.
E. Glandulosum. Mich. 2. p. 98.

Stem erect, about two feet high, striate, villous. Lower leaves opposite,
the upper alternate, all sessile, lanceolate, coarsely toothed, dotted, pubes-
cent and scabrous. Flowers in fastigiate corymbs. Involucrian ten-leaved,
five-flowered; leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute, thickly sprinkled with
glandular dots. Corolla white. Stamens short. Anthers purple. St^le
scarcely longer than the corolla, two-cleft. Seeds furrowed, crowned with
a scabrous pappus.

Grows in dry poor soils.

Flowers August — September.

10. Parviflorum. E.

E. foliis sessilibus,
angusto-lanceolatis, a-
cutissime serratis, tri-
plinervibus, utiinque
pubescentibus; floiibus
corymbosis, parvulis,
seminibus angulatis.
E.

Leaves sessile, nar-
row lanceolate, very
acutely serrate, pubes-
cent on both surfaces;
flowers in corymbs^
small; seeds angled.

stem about two feet high, pubescent. Leaves opposite and alternate,
about two inches long, with numerous and acute serratures, entire at base,
and tapering almost to a petiole. Floicers in terminal corymbs. Involii-
crum eight to ten-leaved ; the interior leaves strap shaped, the exteiior small,
all very pubescent and sprinkled with glandular dots. Corolla white, with
the pappus scarcely longer than the involucrum. Style much longer tlian
the corolla. Seeds angled not furrowed. Pappus very slightly scabrous.

The flowers of this plant are much smaller than those of any other of the
corymbose species which I have seen.

Collected in St. Thomas' by Mr. Caradeux.

Flov/ers in September.

11. SCABRIDUM. E.

E. foliis sessilibus,
ovato-lanceolatis, a-
cute serratis, basi inte-
gris, pubescentibus,
subscabris, subtus sub-

Leaves sessile, ovate-
lanceolate, acutely ser-
rate, entire at base, pu-
bescent, slightly sca-
brous, somewhat glau-

soo

SYNGENESIA -SQUALIS.

glaiicis; floribuscorym-
bosis; involucri squa
mis acutissimis. E.

cous imderneath; flow-
ers in corymbs; scales
of the involucrum very
acute.

stem two to three feet high, pubescent, the lower branches brachiate, the
upper alternate. Leaves scarcely more than an inch long, opposite, ovate,
acute at each end, with numerous serratures. Involucrum ten-leaved, five-
flowered. Leaves lanceolate, somewhat mucronate, hairy, sprinkled with
glandular dots. Corolla white, longer than the involucrum. Stame?is very
short. Sti/le longer than the corolla, two-cleft. Seed angled. Pappus
scabrous.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers from August to October.

12. RoTUIVDIFOLIU3I.

E. foliis sessilibus,
distinctis, subrotundo-
deltoidibus, obtuse ser-
ratis, venosis, sub
glaucis; involucri squa-
mis acutis.

Leaves sessile, dis-
tinct, deltoid, nearly
round, obtusely serrate,
veined, somewhat glau-
cous; scales of the in-
volucrum acute.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1754. Mich. 2. p. 93. Pursh, 2. p. 514. Nutt. 2. p. 135.
E. Marrubium ? WaU. p. 199.

Stem two to three feet high, very pubescent. Leaves opposite, decussate,
triplinerved, dotted, slightly scabrous, with a somewhat glaucous or per-
haps more correctly hoary hue. Floivers in a fastigiate corymb. Involu-
crum ten-leaved, five-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, acute, very pubescent.
Corolla white. Stamens very short. Style much longer than the corolla.
Seeds ang/ed. Pappus scabrous, longer than the corolla.

Decoctions of this as well as of the preceding species are used with much
success as a tonic febrifuge.

I have always suspected this plant to be the E. Marrubium of Walter. It
is commonly known through our low country as the wild horehound, and
its leaves bear more affinity to the garden horehound, (marrubium vulgare)
than those of any other of our species.

Grows in dry pine barrens.

Flowers from July to September.

SYNGENASIA iEQUALIS.

301

13. VERBENiEFOLIUM. Mich.

E. foliis sessilibus,
ovato-lanceolatis, ob-
longis, inciso-dentatis,
rugosis, scabris; flori-
biis parvulis. E.

Leaves sessile, ovate-
lanceolate, oblong,
notched and toothed,
rugose, scabrous; flow-
ers small.

Michaux, 2. p. 98.

E. Teucrifulium ? Sp. pi. 3. p. 1753.

Stem herbaceous, erect, two to three feet high, pubescent. Leaves of the
stem opposite, decussate, somewhat dekoid, tapering to an obtuse point,
coarsely toothed, particularly towards the base, dotted, very hairy on the
under surface. Floioers in a somewhat fastigiate corymb. Involucrum
ten-leaved, five-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, not very acute, very hairy.
Corolla small, white. Style much longer than the corolla. Stigmas re-
flexed. Seed angled. Pappus very scabrous.

The E. Lanceolatum of Muhlenberg, which I have not seen in the South-
ern States, appears to be an intermediate species between this and the E.
Album, nearly allied to each, yet sufficiently distinct.

If the synonyme from VVilldenow which I have quoted, belongs really to
this species, I know not why Michaux's name should have been changed ;
it has the claim of priority, and it is equally perhaps more appropriate.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers August — September.

14. PuBEScENS. Muhl.

E. fohis sessilibus,
distinctis, ovatis, sca-
briusculis, venosis; in-
ferioribus dujjlicato
serratis, superioribus
subserratis; caule pani-
culato, pubescente, ra-
mis fastigiatis.

Leaves sessile, dis-
tinct, ovate, somewhat
scabrous, veined, the
lower doubly serrate,
the upper slightly ser-
rate; stem paniculate,
pubescent, branches
fastigiate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1755. Pursh, 2. p. 514. Nutt. 2. p. 125.

Stem erect, pubescent ; like the leaves the lower branches are opposite,
the upper alternate. Leaves ovate, the lower sometimes oval, two to three
inches long, obtuse at base, tapering to an acute summit, rather thin and
slightly scabrous, corymb fastigiate. Involucrum ten-leaved, five-flowered ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, hairy. Corolla white, and with the pappus

302

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

nearly twice as long as the involucruin. Style longer than the corolla.
Seed angled. Pappus scabrous.

Grows from New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. My specimens are from
Pennsylvania.

Flowers August — October.

15. CUNEIFOLIUM. Willd.

E. foliis petiolatis,
obovato - lanceolatis,
apice subserratis, tri-
plinervibus, utrinque
pubescentibus.

Leaves on petioles,
obovate - lanceolate,
slightly serrate at the
summit^ triplinerved,
pubescent on each sur-
face.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1753. Pursh, 2. p. 514.

Stem terete, pubescent. Leaves opposite, pubescent on both surfaces ;
the lower obovate, lanceolate, obtusely serrate, slightly petiolate ; the upper
petiolate, with a k\v serratures near the summit. Flowers white.

With this species I am unacquainted, it is however singular that both
Willd. and Pursh should quote as a synonyme the E. Marrubium of Walt,
which is described as having sessile, deltoid leaves.

Grows in Carolina. Willd. Pursh. Not above a foot high. Pursh.

Flowers.

^^ Involucris multi- I *^ Involucrum many
Jioris (5 — 50.) \jloivered.

16. Perfoliatum.

E. foliis conn at o-
perfoHatis, rugosis,
subtus tomentosis, cau-
le villoso.

Leaves connate-per-
foliate, rugose, tomen-
tose underneath; stem
villous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1761. Walt. p. 200. Pursh, 2. p. 5l6.
E. Connatum. Mich. 2. p. 99.

Stem three to six feet high, striate, villous almost tomentose, and with the
leaves and involucrum hoary and sprinkled with glandular dots. Lower
leaves connate, the upper distinct, abruptly truncate at base, all tapering
gradually to the summit, serrate, rugose, slightly pubescent on the upper
surface, tomentose underneath. Involucrum many leaved, (fourteen to sis-

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.

303

teen,) eight to ten flowered, leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, pubescent, imbri-
cate. Corolla small, white, glabrous. Style nearly twice as long as the
corolla, two-cleft, stigmas simple. Seed angular, pappus scabrous.

A decoction of this plant is much used and recommended in fevers ; it
acts as an emetic or sudorific, according to the constitution of the patient.

Grows in wet soils.

Flowers September — October.

17. Ceanothifoliu3I. Muhl.

Foliis petiolatis, o-
vatis, acuminatis, den-
tatis, triplinervibus,
sub glabris; involucris
5 — 10 floris, squamis
subaequalibus.

Leaves on petioles,
ovate, acuminate, too-
thed,triplinerved,some-
what glabrous; involu-
crum 5 — 10 flowered,
scales nearly equal.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1755. Pursh, 2. p. 514.

Stem two to three feet high, sometimes slightly pubescent. Leaves opposite,
on petioles about an inch long, ovate-lanceolate, slightly acuminate, dentate,
triplinerved, strongly veined, slightly scabrous, and pubescent along the veins,
very obtuse at base. Floivers in terminal corymbs. Involucrum ten-leaved,
five to ten flowered; leaves nearly equal, one or two sometimes smaller than
the rest, all linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla white. Style longer
than the corolla, two-cleft. Seeds angled. Pappus hairy, less scabrous
than usual in the preceding species.

From my much valued friend Dr. Schweinitz, I received under the name
of E. Melissoides, a plant nearly allied to this. It differs however by its
leaves, moie pubescent, more acuminate, less scabrous, and less obtuse
at base, and its florets generally more numerous, eight to twelve in each
capitulum. It may prove a distinct species, but it is scarcely the E. Melis-
soides described by Willdenow. It was collected around Salem, N. Carolina.

Grows in shaded rich soils. Paris Island, near Beaufort,

Flowers September.

18. Ageratoides.

E. foliis petiolatis,
ovato-lanceolatis, acu-
minatis, triplinervibus,
grosse serratis, glabris;
corymbo multifloro;

Leaves on petioles,
ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minate, triplinerved,
coarsely serrate, gla-
brous; corymb many

304

3YNGENESIA JKQUALIS.

involucri squamis sub
aequalibus. E.

flowered; scales of the
involucrum nearly e-
qual.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1765.
E. Urticaefolium.

Pursh, 2. p. 516.
Mich. 2. p. 100.

Stem 2 to 3 feet high, smooth, glabrous ; leaves generally opposite, two
to four inches long, glabrous, coarsely toothed, on petioles two inches long.
Involucrum ten to twelve-leaved, twelve to sixteen-flowered ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, finely pubescent, nearly equal in length. Corolla white. Style
longer than the corolla. iSeerfs angled, glabrous. Fa/>/;MS slightly scabrous.

I feel doubtful whether the plant I have described is the E. Ageratoides of
Muhl. ; it certainly is the E. Urticaefolium of Mich, and its leaves bear a
striking resemblance to those of the Urtica, (now Boehmeria) cylindrica.

Grows in damp rich soils. Paris Island.

Flowers September.

19. ArOMATICU3I?

E. foliis petiolatis,
cordato-ovatis, acutis,
triplinervibus, obtuse
serratis, sub scabris;
floribus corymbosis;
involucri squamis sub-
aequalibus. E.

Leaves on petioles,
cordate-ovate, acute,
triplinerved, obtusely
serrate, somewhat sca-
brous; flowers in co-
rymbs; scales of the
involucrum nearly e-
qual.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1765. Mich. 2. p. 100. Pursh, 2. p. 5l6.
E. Cordatum. Walt. p. 199.

Stem about two feet high, terete, very finely pubescent, heaves opposite,
on short peduncles, the lower very distinctly cordate, all acute not acumi-
nate, tripli-nerved, coarsely and unequally toothed, somewhat scabrous on
the upper surface, finely pubescent underneath. Flowers in a terminal co-
rymb, the lower branches opposite, brachiate. Involucrum about ten-leaved,
thirteen to twenty flowered ; leaves lanceolate, pubescent, nearly equal.
Corolla very white, nearly twice as long as the involucrum, fragrant. Jn-
thers white. Style longer than the corolla. Seeds angled. Pappus slight-
ly scabrous.

This plant is certainly the E. Aromaticum of Michaux, and E. Cordatum
of Walter. Whether it is the E. Aromaticum of Linnfeus and Gronovius is,
I think, questionable ; it does not resemble the figure referred to in Plukenet
t. 88. f. 3.

Grows in rich dr}' soils.

Flowers August — October.

Syngenasia /equalis.

305

20. Serotinum. Mich.

E. foliis petiolatis,
ovato-lanceolatis, su-
per ne attenuatis, acu-
tis, grosse et acute ser-
ratis, triplinervibus,
pubescentibus; involu-
cri squamis imbricatis.
E.

Mich. 2. p. 100. Pursh, 2. p. 517-

Stem five to six feet high, pubescent, almost tomentose. Leaves large,
five to six inches long, ovate, tapering gradually to the summit, whi' h is
sometimes acuminate ; lower leaves opposite, the lowest slightly cordate.
Petioles two to three inches long. Flowers in a fastigiate corymb, very nu-
merous, rather small. Involucrum ten-leaved, twelve to fourteen flowered ;
leaves linear, very villous. Corolla white. Seeds angled. Pappus sca-
brous.

The expression of Michaux, " rariter serratis" is incorrect, and has, I sus-
pect, given rise to some doubts about the species.

Grows in the vallies of the Sea- Islands.

Flowers September — October.

Leaves petiolate, o-
vale-lauceolate, taper-
ing towards the sum-
mit, acute, coarsely
and acutely serrate,
triplinerved,pubescent;
scales of the involu-
crum imbricate.

21. Incarnatum. Walt.

E. fohis longe petio
latis, cordato-deltoidi-
bus, acutis, obtuse den-
tatis, tripUnervibus,
subglabris; involucri
squamis subaequahbus.
E.

Leaves on long peti-
oles, deltoid, cordate,
acute, obtusely tooth-
ed, triplinerved, thin,
nearly glabrous; scales
of the involucrum near-
ly equal.

Walt. p. 200.

Stem about two feet high, covered with a fine scarcely visible pubescence,
sparingly branchetl. Leaves opposite, on slender petioles one to two inches
long, deltoid, ver}^ acute, very thin, cordate and thinly sprinkled with 'short
hair. Flowers in terminal corymbs, more loosely aggregated than in the
following species. Involucrum fifteen to twenty-leaved, bearing about
twenty flowers; leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute, a little pubescent, near-
ly as long as the corolla, a kw of the exterior ones a little shorter than the

VOL. II. Q 2

306

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

rest. Corolla purple. Style a little longer than the corolla, two-cleft,
Seec? angled. Pappus \iBiry.

This plant appears to me to differ very much from the E. Coelestimun with
which it has usually been confounded; it is a more slender plant, its leaves
are thmner and more glabrous, the corymbs less compact, the scales of the
involucrum less numerous but larger, the style comparatively shorter. It
is probably the plant of Petiver alluded to by Dillenius, Hort. Elth. p.
140.

Grows in loose rich soils.

Flowers October to Novem.ber.

22. CcELESTmUM.

E. foliis petiolatis,
cordato-ovatis, obtuse
dentatisy triplinei vibus,
subscabris; involucris
polyphyllis, multifloris;
receptaculis conicis.

Leaves petiolate,
cordate-ovate, obtuse-
ly toothed, triplinerved,
slightly scabi ous; invo-
lucrum many leaved,
many flowered; recep-
tacle conic.

Sp. pi. p. 1764. Walt. p. 200. Mich. 2. p. 100. Pursh, 2. p. 5l6.

Stem two to three feet high, pubescent. Leaves on petioles about half an
inch long, opposite, deltoid, sometimes cordate, somewhat rugose, pubes-
cent and slightly scabrous. Flotvers in close fastigiate corymbs. Involu-
crum many leaved, (thirty) many flowered, (forty to sixty); leaves imbri-
cate, linear, pubescent. Corolla small, of a beautiful light blue colour,
sprinkled with red dots, very fragrant. Style twice as long as the corolla,
blue. Seed angled. Pappus scabrous. Receptacle conic, naked, dotted.

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers September — October.

**^ Involucri squa^
mis scariosis; Joliis sub
verticillatis,

23. Ternifolium.

E. foliis petiolatis,
ternis, quaternisve, o-
vatis ovalib usque, acu-

*^* Involucrum
with the scales scarious;
leaves verticillate.

Leaves on petioles,
ternate, or quaternate,
ovate and oval, acCimi-

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

307

minatis, dentatis, sub-
tus pubescentibus^glan-
diiloso puiictalis. E.

nate, toothed, pubes-
cent underneath, dotted
with glands.

E. Trifoliatum. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1756. Walt. p. 199- Pursh, 2. p. 5l6,
Nutt. 2. p. 135.

Stem three to four feet high, striate, pubescent, solid. Leaves generally
ternate, on petioles about an incli long, ovate or oval, but always acuminate,
obtuse at base, thinly sprinkled with hairs on the upper surface, pubescent
and almost covered with glandular dots on the under. Flowers in large ter-
minal corymbs. Involucrum about fifteen-leaved, imbricate, the interior
leaves linear-lanceolate, long, nerved, slightly pubescent, the exterior short,
nearly ovate, more pubescent, all membranaceous or scarious, and adhering
very slightly to the receptacle. Corolla tinged with purple. Style much
longer than the corolla, deeply two-cleft, stigmas linear. Seed angled. Pap-
piis filiform.

The species I have described above is certainly distinct, and is probably
the real plant of Gronovius, " foliis ternis," Flor. Virg. p. but I have
among my specimens one with ternate leaves, which most probably belongs
to E. Verticillatum, and from such a specimen the phrase " utrinque attenu-
atis," which Willdenow and Pursh apply to this species, has possibly been
derived.

Grows in damp soils; rare in the low country of Carolina.

Flowers September — October.

24. PuRPUREUM.

E. foliis petiolatis,
quaternis quinisve, o-
vali lanceolatis, serra-
tis, rugoso-venosis,
scabriusculisj caule fis-
tuloso.

Leaves on petioles,
by fours or fives, oval
lanceolate, serrate, ru-
gose, veined, slightly
scabrous; stem hollow.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1759. Mich. 2. p. 99- Pursh, 2. p. 515.

Stein four to seven feet high, nearly glabrous, tinged with purple, hollow.
Leaves fom- to six, in a whorl, oval-lanceolate, serrate, nearly glabrous on
the upper surface, underneath reticulately veined, somewhat pubescent and
sprinkled with glandular dots, tapeiing at base to a petiole about an inch
long, sometimes tinged with purple. Involucrum generally five-flowered,
very similar to that of the preceding species, but less pubescent. Corolla
pale purple. Sttjle, Stigma and Seed similar to those of the preceding
species.

Grows in wet soils.

Flowers September*

308

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

25. Maculatum.

E. foliis petiolatis,
quaternis quinisve, o-
vato lanceolatis, inae-
qjsaiiter serratis, subtiis
pybescentibiis; caule
solido, sulcalo.

Leaves on petioles^
by fours or fives, ovate
lanceolate, unequally
serrate, pubescent un-
derneath; stem solid^
furrowed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1760. Mich. 2. p. 99- Pursh, 2. p. 1760.

Stem four to five feet high, furrowed, not hollow, dotted with purple.
Leaves verticillate, lanceolate and ovate, acute at each end, pubescent and
slightly scabrous underneath. Involucrum five to eight flowered. Corolla
tinged with purple. Style, Stigma, and Seed, very similar to those of the
preceding species.

Grows in wet soils.

Flowers August — September.

26. Verticillatum.

E. foliis petiolatis,
ternis quaternisve, o-
vato lanceolatis, utrin-
que acuminatis, inae-
qualiter serratis, gla-
briusculis; caule solido,
laevi.

Leaves on petioles,
by threes or fours, o-
vate lanceolate, acumi-
nate at each end, une-
qually serrate, nearly
glabrous; stem solid,
smooth.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1760. Pursh, 2. p. 515.'
E. fusco-rubrum? Walt. p. 199.

Stem four to six feet high, smooth, pubescent near the summit, tinged
with purple, heaves verticillate, large, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at each
end, with very large serratures, glabrous, sprinkled with glandular dots on
the under surface. Flowers in a terminal corymb, rather smaller than those
of the preceding species. Involucrum ten to twelve leaved, five flowered,
leaves oblong and ovate, obtuse, scarious, glabrous. Corolla purple. Seeds
angled, pappus slightly scabrous.

Grows in damp soils, in the upper districts of South-Carolina and Geor->
gia.

Flowers September.

SYNGENESIA JEQUALIS.

509

CHRYSOCOMA. Gen. Pl. 1019.

Involucriim imbrica-
tum. Stylus vix flos-
ciilis longior. Recep-
taculum nudum. Semi-
na pubescentia. Pap-
pus pilosus, scaber.

1. NUDATA.

C. foliis radicalibus
spatliulato-lanceolatis,
caulinis linearibus, ra-
riter sparsis; corymbo
composito, fastigiato;
calycibus oblongis, 3
— 4 floris.

Tnvolucrum imbri-
cate. Style scarcely
longer than the florets.
Receptacle naked.

Seeds pubescent. Pap^'
pus hairy, scabrous.

Leaves of the root
spathulate, lanceolate,
of the stem linear, scat-
tered; corymb com-
pound, fastigiate; ca-
lyx oblong, 3 — 4 flow-
ered.

Mich. 2. p. 101. Pursh, 2. p. 517- Nutt. 2. 137.

Hoot perennial. Stem erect, about two feet high, glabrous, branching
near the summit. Hoot leaves obovate, lanceolate, narrow, acute, glabrous,
entire, three-nerved, with a long attenuated base. Stem leaves scattered,
the lower ones similar to the root leaves, but small, the upper ones linear,
minute. Floioers in a terminal corymb. Involucrum oblong, eight to ten-
leaved, containing three to four flowers, leaflets linear, rugose, appressed,
glabrous, yellowish. Corolla tubular, glabrous, yellow, segments acute,
reflected. Style scarcely as long as the stamens, two-cleft. Stigmas some-
what lanceolate, glandular, erect. Seed obovate, striate, hairy. Pappus
hairy, scabrous, unequal. Receptacle flat, with a small membrane between
.the germs.

Grows in flat pine barrens. Very common.

Flowers October — November.

CACALIA. Gen. Pl. 1275.

Involucrum cylindri-
cum, basi squamosum.
Receptaculum nudum.
Pappus pilosus.

Involucrum cylindri-
cal, scaly at base. Re-
ceptacle naked. Pap-
pus hairy.

310

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

1. Atriplicifolia.

C caule herbaceo;
foliispetiolatis, glabiis,
subtus glaucis, radica-
libus cordatis, dentatis,
caulinis i hombeis iiti in^
que subdentatis; flori-
bus corymbosis, erect-
is: involucris 5-floris.

Stem herbaceous;
leaves on petioles, gla-
brous, glaucous under-
neatli, those of the root
cordate, toothed, of the
stem rhomboidal, slight-
ly toothed on each side;
flowers in corymbs,
erect; involucrums 5-
flowered.

Sp. pi. 3. 1737. Walt. p. 193. Mich. 2. p. 96. Pursli, 2. p. 518.
Nutt. 2. p. 137.

Root perennial. Stem erect^ three to eight feet high, branching, glabrous,
somewhat glaucous. Leaves cordate, almost reniform, the upper ovate,
rhomboidal, and lanceolate, all sinuate, with the summits of the lobes acute,
sometimes dentated and glaucous underneath. Flotoers in small terminal
corymbs. Peduncles almost white, clothed with small subulate pale or
colourless scales. Involucrum composed of five equal, linear, three-nerved,
glabrous, colourless leaves, containing five flowers. Corolla tubular, whit-
ish, tinged a little with purple. Styles bifid. Stigmas glandular. Seed
oblong, glabrous, obovate. Pappus hairy, scabrous, very white. Recep-
tacle naked, with an irregular angular somewhat glandular mass in the cen-
tre. This mass, composed perhaps of soldered scales, is generally three-
cleft at the summit, curved at base, as if embracing the stems of the florets,
but of three more distinctly than the other two.

Variety Angulata.

I have specimens collected in St. Thomas' and in the middle districts of
Carolina, in which the leaves are nearly round, deeply and acutely divided
into seven or more lobes, the lobes sometimes dentate, in other respects
agreeing with this species.

Grows generally in rich soils.

Flowers July — September.

2. OvATA. Wak.

C. caule herbaceo;
fohis ovatis, obtusis,
obtuse-dentatis, nervo^
sis, subtus subslaucis,

Stem herbaceous;
leaves ovate, obtuse,
obtusely toothed, nerv-
ed, slightly glaucous

SYNGENESIA ^QUALTS,

311

inferioribus petiolatis^
involucris S-phyllis, 5-
floris.

iinderneath, the lower
on petioles: involucrum
5-leaved^ 5-flowered.

Walt. p. 196.

Stem three to four feet high. Leaves large, acute, very irregularly and
obtusely toothed, seven-nerved, and slightly glaucous underneath. Flowers
in a fastigiate corymb, pedicel clothed with small subulate scales, which
sometimes surround the base of the involucrum. Involucrum oblong, com-<
posed of five equal, linear leaves. Corolla white. Seed smooth. Pappus
hairy, white. Receptacle naked, with a glandular projection in the centre.

The root of this plant 1 did not observe ; it appears to have been noticed
by Walter, and to resemble very closely the C. Tuberosa of Nuttall; yet
diflering from both of their descriptions. My specimens, which are now
before me, are distinctly though slightly glaucous underneath.

Grows in the western parts of Georgia. Common in the highlands near
the Alabama.

Flowers September — October.

3. Lanceolata?

C. caule herbaceo;
foliis angusto-lanceola-
tis, utrinqiie acutis, re-
mote dentatis, nervo-
sis, subtus subglaiicis ;
involucris 5-phyllis, 5-
floris.

Stem herbaceous;
leaves narrow lanceo-
late, acute at each
end, remotely toothed,
nerved, slightly glau-
cous underneath; invo-

lucrum 5-leaved,
flowered.

5-

Nutt. 2. p. 138.

t Stem four to six feet high. Leaves long, narrow, lanceolate, remotely,
but distinctly and acutely dentate, obscurely seven-nerved, slightly glaucous
underneath. Flowers in a terminal corymb, pedicels more naked than in
the preceding species. Involucrum composed of five equal, linear-lanceo-
late, acute scales, with membranaceous margins. Corolla nearly white.
Seed smooth, glabrous, striate. Pappus hairy, white. Receptacle ver^
small, with a glandulary projection in the centre.

Sent to me fiom Louisville, Georgia, by Mr, .Fackson.

Flowers—

312

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

SPARGANOPHORUS. Goert.

Involucrum subglo-
bosum imbricatum;
squamis apice recurva-
tis. Semina coronata
cupula subcartilaginea
nitida. Receptaculmn
nudum.

Involucrum some-
what globose, imbri-
cate; scales recurved
at the summit. Seeds
crowned with a carti-
laginous shining cup.
Receptacle naked.

1. Verticillatus.

S. foliis linearibus, Leaves linear, verti-
verticillatis; capituHs cillate; heads few, ter-

paucis, terminahbus;
cupula campanulata, 5-
dentata.

minal; cup campanu-
late, 5-toothed.

Mich. 2. p. 95. Pursh, 2. p. 518. Nutt. 2. p. 139.
Ethulia Uniflora. Walt. p. 195.

An aquatic plant, growing in shallow water.

Roots fibrous, creeping. Stem scarcely exceeding a foot in height, pube-
scent towards the summit, simple. Leaves linear, about an inch long, gla-
brous, verticillate, generally six in each whorl. Heads terminal, sometimes
solitary, frequently accompanied with other heads near the summit. Invo-
lucrum imbricate, containing many flowers, leaves lanceolate, acuminate,
pubescent, the summits recurved, coloured. Corolla tubular, not much lon-
ger than the involucrum, pale purple. Seed glabrous, five angled, crowned
with a membranaceous pappus, deeply five-cleft.

The pappus in this species appears to me to be composed of five distinct,-
ovate, membranaceous, denticulate scales, forming a proper calyx.

Grows in the flat pine barrens in the middle districts of Carolina.

Flowers —

HYMENOPAPPUS. L'Heritier.

Involucrum polyphyl-
lum, foliolis obovatis
color atis, patentibus,

Involucrum many
leaved, leaves obovate
coloured, expanding,

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

313

interioribiis petaliform-
ibiis. Pappus palea-
ceus, sqiiamis brevi-
bus, obtiisis. Recep-
taculum nudum.

the interior petal-sha-
ped. Pappus chifffy,
scales short, obtuse.
Receptacle naked.

1. ScABIOSiEUS.

H. candicanti-lanu-
ginosus; foliis profunde
pinnatifidis, laciniis li-
neari-oblongis, subden-
tatis; floribus corym-
bosis.

LanuginouSj hairyj
leaves deeply pinnati-
fid; segments linear,
oblong, slightly tooth-
ed; flowers in corymbs.

Mich. 2. p. 104. Pursh, 2. p. 519- Nutt. 2. p. 139-

Root perennial. Stein two to three feet high, furrowed, angular, tomen-
tose. heaves alternate, long, slender, irregularly pinnatifid, the segments
remote, scarcely confluent, linear, sinuate-dentate, the upper ones more dis-
tinctly pinnatifid, with the segments entire, all tomentose and hairy under-
neath. Flowers in small terminal corymbs. Involucrum many leaved,
containing many flowers, leaflets obovate, nearly round, tomentose on the
back, membranaceous, white, the interior large and expanding, giving the
flowers a radiated appearance. Florets tubular, whitish, externally pubes-
cent^ border five-cleft, with the segments revolute. Stamens extended, with
their projecting summits very conspicuous. Style longer than the stamens.
Stigmas two, revolute. Seed conical, a little hairy. Pappus composed ol
many short, obtuse, denticulate, membranaceous leaves.

Grows around ponds in the high pine barrens in the middle districts of
Carolina and Georgia. I believe very rare. Scriven and Burke counties,
Georgia.

Flowers in April.

POLYPTERIS. Nutt.

Involucrum poly-
phyllum, foliolis ovali-
bus. Pappus palea-
ceus, polyphyllus, foli-
olis lato-subulatis, cus-

many
oval.

Involucrum
leaved, leaves
Pappus chaffy, many
leaved, the chaff broad-
subulate, cuspidate, ri-

VOL. II.

r2

314

SYNGENESIA ^QUALlS.

pidatis, rigidis.
aBquantibus.

semma

gidj as
seed.

long as the

1. Integrifolia.

Nutt. 2. p. 139.

Root perennial. Stem erect, three to four feet high, a little scabrous,
branching near the summit. Leaves alternate, linear lanceolate, entire,
scabrous. Involucrum composed of eight to twelve leaves ; leaves oblong,
membranaceous. Florets numerous, with a border deeply five-cleft ; seg-
ments reflected. Stamens extended. Style longei than the stamens, two-
cleft. Stigmas linear, pubescent. Seed quadrangular, slightly scabrous,
black, tapering at base, to a very acute point. Pappus nine-leaved, leaves
subulate, with a midrib-prominent and rigid, pubescent on the backj the
margin membranaceous, lacerate.

Discovered by Dr. Baldwin, near St. Maiy's, Georgia.

Flowers.

MELANANTHERA. Mich.

Involucrum duplici
serie polyphyllum, sub-
aequale. Receptaculum
paleaceum, convexum,
paleis foliaceis. Semi-
na turbiiiata, angulata,
vertice depresso. Paf-
pus erectus, (2 — 8) sca-
ber, distinctus, decidii-
us. Brown.

1. Hastata.

M. fohis hastato-tri-
lobis; paleis receptacu-
li lanceolatis, acumina-
tis.

Involucrum many
leaved, leaves nearly
equal in a double se-
ries. Receptacle chaf-
fy, convex, with the
chaff leaflike. Seeds
turbinate, angled, de-
pressed at the summit.
Pappus composed of
distinct, deciduous,
scabrous bristles.

Leaves hastate three
lobed; chaff of the re-
ceptacle lanceolate, a-
cuminate.

Mich. 2. p. 107. Pursh, 2. p. 519. Nutt. 2. p. 140-
Bidens Nivea. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1721. Walt. p. 201,

SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS.

315

Root perennial. Stem erect, four to six feet high, quadrangular, deeply
furrowed, scabrous, spotted, branching. Leaves opposite, decussate on the
angles of the stem, hastate, lanceolate, acute, toothed, scabrous, somewhat
hispid, triplinerved, on petioles one to two inches long. Peduncles some-
what terminal, frequently by pairs, bearing each one head of flowers. Involu'
crum sixteen to twenty leaved, in two rows, leaflets equal, oblong-lanceo-
late, hispid, a little shorter than the corolla. Corolla tubular, pubescent,
very white, border five-cleft. Stamens as long as the corolla, black, with
their terminating summits white. Style as long as the stamens. Stigma
reflected, acute, glandular. Seed turbinate, quadrangular, compressed, the
two angles slightly winged. Pappus composed of two or three bristles,
shorter than the corolla, scabrous, with small erect prickles. Receptacle
convex, paleaceous ; scales lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous, as long as the
corolla.

Grows in dry rich soils.

Flowers August — September.

MARSHALLIA. Gen. Pl. 1762.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum. Pappus paleis 5,
membranaceis, enervi-
bus. Receptacutum pa-
leaceum.

Involucrum imbricate.
Pappus composed of 5,
membianaceous,nerve-
less leaves. Recepta"
cle chalFy.

1. Lanceolata. Mich.

M. caule simplici, in-
ferne folioso, superne
nudato; foliis radicali-
bus obovatis, cauliiiis
jongo-lanceolatis; in-
volucri foliolis ovali-
bus; paleis spathulatis.

Stem simple, leafy
below, naked near the
summit; leaves of the
root obovate, of the
stem long, lanceolate;
scales of the involu-
crum oval; chaff spa-
thulate.

Pursh, 2. p. 519. Nutt. 2. p. 140.
Persoonia Lanceolata. Mich. 2. p. 105.
Athanasia Obovata. Walt. p. 201.

Root perennial. Stem eighteen to twenty-four inches high, striate, sim-
ple, a little pubescent near the summit. Lower leaves obovate, those of the
stem lanceolate, all nerved, glabrous, entire, thin, with the base long, tapec-

316

SYNGENESIA iEQUALlS.

inp, finally dilated and semiaraplexicaule. Floicers in a terminal head. In-
volucrum many leaved, containing many tlowers ; leaflets oblong, oval,
generally obtuse, with the margins membranaceous, erect. Corolla tubular,
pale purple, covered externally as in all of this genus that I have seen, with
a glandular pubescence. Stamens nearly as long as the corolla. Style ex-
serted. Stigmas filiform, glandular, revolute. Seeds angular, inversely
conic, striate. Pappus composed of five membranaceous, ovate, acumi-
nate, lacerate, short scales. Receptacle flat, paleaceous, the paleee leaf-like,
shorter than the corolla, linear, a little dilated at the summit.

GroA^s in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers April — May.

2. Latifolia. Mich.

M. caule simplici;
foliis lanceolato-ovali-
bus, acumiiiatis, triiier-
vibiis, infimis vaginan-
tibus; irivolucri folioiis
acutis; paleis angusto-
linearibus.

Stem simple; leaves
obloiig lanceolate, acu-
minate, three nerved^
the lowest sheathing;
scales of the involu-
cium acute; chaff of
the receptacle narrow
linear.

Pursh, 2. p. 519. Nutt. 2. p. 140.
Persoonia Latifolia. Mich. 2. p. 105.
Athanasia Trinervia. Walt. p. 201.

This species I have not seen.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers.

3. AlVGUSTIFOLIA.

M. caule ramoso; fo-
liis inferioribus angus-
to-lanceolatis, superi-
oribus linearibus; invo-
lucri folioiis rigidis,
subulatis; paleis linea-
ribus.

Stem branching; low-
er leaves narrow lan-
ceolate, the upper line-
ar; scales of the invo-
lucrum rigid, subulate:
chaff linear.

Pursh, 2. p. 520. Nutt. 2. p. 140.
Pei-soonia Angustilblia, Mich. 2. p. 106.

SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS.

317

Athanasia Gramnifolia ? Walt. p. 200.

Root perennial. Ste7)i about two feet high, angular, glabrous, branching
and a little pubescent at the summit of the branches. Leaves long and ve-
ly narrow, obscurely three-nerved, glabrous. Flowers in solitary terminal
heads. Involucnim many leaved, containing many flowers; leaves subu-
late, pu!)escent, acute. Corolla longer than the involucrum, pale purple,
externally villous. Seeds angular, villous along the angles. Pappus com-
posed of five ovate, mucronate, lacerate scales, in which the midrib though
transparent, is distinctly visible. Receptacle paleaceous, palctC linear.

Var. a. Cyananthera. Stem simple, angular, furrowed, very pubescent
near the summit. Leaiws linear-lanceolate, conspicuously three-nerved.
Flmoers in a terminal head. Scales of the involucrum lanceolate, slightly
acuminate, pubescent. Corolla pale purple, externally villous. Anthers as
long as the corolla, bright sky blue. Seeds hairy. Papptis acuminate, mu-
cronate, lacerate. Palece of the receptacle linear.

Grows in the pine barrens in the middle country of Carolina and Geor-
gia. The variety a. perhaps a distinct species, was collected by Dr. Bald-
win, near St. Mary's. Georgia.

Flowers.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

* Ploribus discoide"

is, radiis mdlis.

* Florets discoid,
those of the ray obso-
lete.

ARTEMISIA. Gen. Pl.

Involucrum imbrica-
lum, squamis rotunda-
tis, conniventibus. Co-
rollulce radii nullje.
Pappus nullus. Re-
ceptaculum subvillosum
vel nudiusciilum.

Involucrum imbri-
cate, scales round, con-
niveiit. Florets of the
ray 0. Pappus 0. Re-
ceptacle naked, or
slightly villous.

318

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

1. Caudata.

A. erecta, glabra;
foliis siibsetaceo-pinna-
tifidis, laciniis coiivexis;
ramulis confertis; pani-
ciilis terminalibuSj lon-
gissimis, strictis; capi-
tulis pedicellatis, glo-
boso-ovatis.

Erectjglabrous; leaves
nearly setaceous, pin-
iiatifid, the segments
convex, branches crow-
ded; panicle terminal,
very long, straight;
heads pedicellate, o-
vate, nearly globose.

Mich. 2. p. 129. Pursh, 2. p. 522. Niitt. 2. p. 144.

Stem simple and herbaceous, two to six feet high. Radical and lowe?
cauline leaves pseudobipinnate, pubescent ; upper pseudopinnate, segments
subsetaceous, alternate, divaricate, somewhat convex. Flotvers pedicellatCj
erect, globose, ovate, densely and pyramidally paniculate. Nutt.

Grows in Greenville district.

Flowers.

BACCHARIS. Gen. Pl. 1285.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum. Receptaculum
nudum. Flosculi tubu-
losi, dioici. Masculi
antheris exsertis, basi
muticis; pappo subpe-
nicillato. Foeminei fi-
liformes; pappo capil-
lari.

Involucrum imbri-
cate. Receptacle na-
ked. Florets tubular,
dioicious; Masc: with
anthers exserted, un-
awned at base, pappus
slightly feathered.

Foem, filiform, pappus
capillary.

1. Angustifolia. Mich.

B. glaberrima; foliis
linearibus, integerri-
mis; panicula composi-
ta, multifiora.

Very glabrous; leaves
linear, very entire; pa-
nicle compound, many
flowered.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 319

Mich. 2. p. 125. Piirsli, 2. p. 523.

A shrub eight to ten feet high, erect, branching, with the young branches
angled, dotted. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, very acute, obscurely three-
nerved, sometimes sparingly toothed. Floivers in a terminal compound
panicle; heads generally axillary, solitary, sometimes clustered near the
summit of the stem. Involucrum many leaved, imbricate, slightly ventri-
cose ; leaflets ovate, lanceolate, acute, appressed, glabrous. Sterile florets
tubular, white, five-cleft ; anthers erect, with summits connivent ; sti/le
short, undivided ; the seed abortive, crowned with a very short scabrous
pappus. Fertile florets tubular, five-toothed ; stamens none ; sti/le longer
than the corolla, two-cleft; stigma simple; seeds cylindric, glabrous,
striate, crowned with a hairy pappus longer than the corolla; receptacle
flat, naked, dotted.

Grows in saline soils, generally along the inner margins of the Sea-Islands. ^

Flowers September — October.

2. Halimifolia.

B. foliis obovatis o-
valibiisque, superne in-
ciso dentatis; panicula

Leaves obovate and
oval, notched and too-
thed near the summit;

composita, foliosa; ca- panicle compound, lea-
pitulis pedunculatis. fy; heads on peduncles.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1915. Wah.p. 203. Mich. 2. p. 125. Pursh, 2. p. 523.

A shrub six to twelve feet high, with the branches nearly erect, glabrous
and angled towards the summit. Leaves alternate, sessile, generally obo-
vate, cuneate and entire near the base, coarsely toothed towards the sum-
mit, the upper oval or lanceolate, frequently entire, the whole covered with
whitish scales or dust. Panicle large, loose, terminal, the heads axillary
and terminal, sometimes clustered near the summit of the stem. Partial
peduncle one to four lines long. Florets very similar to those of the pre-
ceding species. Style of the sterile floret as long as the stamens. Stigma
capitate, undivided. Pappus scabrous, shorter than the corolla. Sti/le of
the fertile floret scarcely as long as the stamens, two-cleft. Stigmas some-
what acute. Seeds oblong, striate. Pappus hairy, white, twice as long as
the corolla.

Very generally diffused over the lower country of Carolina and Georgia,
preferring damp stiff clay land, but growing indiscriminately in fresh or
brackish soils.

Flowers September — October.

320

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

3. Sessiliflora. Mich.

B. foliis laevibus,
cuneato-obovatis, su-
perne dentatis, capitulis
axiilaribus, sessilibus,
subremotis; involucri
squamis supenie rufis.

Leaves smooth, cu-
neate obovate, toothed
near the summit; heads
axillary, sessile, scat-
tered; scales of the in-
volucriim rufous at the
summit.

Mich. 2. p. 135.
B. Glomeruliflora.

Pursh, 2. p. 523. Nutt. 2. p. 145.

A shrub three to five feet high, with the branches erect, virgate, angled,
and very glabrous. Leaves alternate, subsessile, acutely tootlied towards
the summit, glabrous, pale green. Heads of flowers sessile, axillary, raucli
more scattered than in the preceding species. Scales of the involucrum
somewhat obtuse. Pappiis of the sterile florets short, of the fertile very long.

Grows in damp pine barrens, along the sea coast of Carolina, but never
I believe in brackish soils.

Flowers, September — November.

CONYZA.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum, squamis appressis.
CoroUulce foeminece
plurimae in ambitu, her-
maphroditae steriles in
centro. Semina pilosa.
Pappus pilosus. Re-
ceptaculum nudum.

1. Marylandica.

C. herbacea, pubes-
cens; foliis sessilibus,
lato lanceolatis, acutis,
serratis; corymbis ter-
minalibus, fastigiatis,
coarctatis, subaphyllis;

Gen. Pl. 1280.

Involucrum imbri-
cate, the scales appres-
sed. Female jiorets
numerous in the cir-
cumference, herm. in
the centre, sterile. Seed
hairy. Pappus hairy.
Receptacle naked.

Herbaceous, pubes-
cent; leaves sessile,
broad, lanceolate, a-
cute, serrate; corymbs
terminal, fastigiate,
clustered, nearly leaf-

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

321

iiivolucri squamis sub-
ulato mucronatis, flos-
culis brevioribus.

less; scales of the invo-
liicrum subulate, mu-
eroiiate, shorter than
the florets.

Mich. 2. p. 126. Pursh, 2. p. 523. Nutt. 2. p. 145.
Baccharis Fcetida. Walt. p. 202. Sp. pi. 3. p. 191 S.

Root annual ? Stetn erect, three to five feet high, branching towards the
summit, branches angled, somewhat viscid. Leaves alternate, sessile, large
lanceolate, acute at each end, serrate, pubescent. Floioers in axillary and
terminal corymbs, female florets in the circumference of each capitulum,
very numerous, hermaphrodite in the centre iew, rarely exceeding five, all
purple, hivohicrum many leaved, (sixteen to twenty,) imbricate ; leaflets
ovate, acute, pubescent, with the margins membranaceous. Female florets
with the corolla slender, tubular, minutely five-toothed. Stamens none.
Style longer than the corolla, two-cleft ; germ oblong ; seed oblong, cyliu-
drical, pubescent. Pappus hairy. Hermaphrodite florets funnel shaped,
with tire border five-cleft, somewhat expanding. Stamens longer than the
corolla, purple. Germ very short, thick. Style as long as the stamens,
two-cleft. Seed probably abortive. Receptacle naked, slightly convex,
dotted.

This species, and those that are strictly allied to it, are remarkable for
the strong and to most persons disagreeable aroma, which is emitted from
every part of the plant when bruised.

Grows very abundantly in ditches and damp places, both in brackish
and in fresh soils.

Flowers August — September.

2. Camphorata.

C. herbacea, subpu-
besceiis; foliis petiola-
tis, ovato-lanceolatis, a-
cutissimis, subrepando
denticulatis; corymbis
terminalibus et axilla-
ribus, folio brevioribus;
involucri squamis acu-
tis, flosculos subaequan-
tibus.

Herbaceous, slightly
pubescent; leaves on
petioles, ovate-lanceo-
late, very acute, denti-
culate; corymbs termi-
nal and axillary, short-
er than the leaves;
scales of the involu-
crum acute, as long as
the florets.

Pursh, 2. p. 523. Nutt. 2. p. 145.
Erigeron Camphoratum. Sp. pi. 3. p. I960.

VOL. II. S 2

322

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

Stem about three feet high, pubescent. Leaves nearly sessile, generally
ovate-lanceolate, acutely denticulate, finely pubescent. Flowers in small
axillary and terminal leafy corymbs. Involucrum many leaved, imbricate,
leaves very pubescent, almost tomentose, rather longer than the florets.
Florets in this species very similar in arrangement and structure to the
preceding; female florets very slender, the hermaphrodite comparatively
large, with a short pappus.

Grows along the margins of rivers and swamps in South-Carolina and
Georgia. Purshl I have not observed this species in the low country of
Carolina, it grows probably in the middle or upper country. My specimens
are from Pennsylvania.

Flowers August — September.

3. BiFRONS.

C. herbacea, sub
glutinosa; foliis ovali-
lanceolatis, serratis,
cordatis, amplexicauli-
bus; corymbis conferti-
floris.

Herbaceous, some-
what glutinous; leaves
oval-lanceolate, ser-
rate, cordate, amplexi-
caule; corymbs densely
flowered.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1920. Pursh, 2. p. 524. Nutt. 2. p. 145.

Conyza Amplexicaulis. Mich. 2. p. 126.

Baccharis Viscosa. Walt. p. 202.

Root perennial. Stem erect, two to three feet high, branching towards
the summit, very pubescent, slightly viscid. Leaves alternate, oblong, acute,
amplexicaule, like the stem very pubescent, viscid, and sprinkled with glan-
dular dots, sometimes ferruginous underneath. Flowers in compact, fas-
tigiate corymbs. Female florets in the circumference of each capitulum,
hermaphrodite florets few in the centre, all purple. Involucrum imbricate,
leaflets subulate, somewhat villous externally, sprinkled with glands. Flo-
rets exactly similar to those of the preceding species.

This plant exhibits frequently a remarkable phenomenon. In every clear
frosty morning, during the winter, crystalline fibres nearly an inch in length,
shoot out in every direction from the base of the stem. It would appear as
if the remnant of the sap or water, absorbed by the decayed stem, had con-
gealed, and had burst in this manner through the pores of the bark. Does
this proceed from any essential quality of the plant, or from its structure ?

Grows in wet soils, ditches and around ponds.

Flowers July — September.*

* The three preceding species are strictly congeners. They differ in several respects
from the type of the genus Conyza, and with such species as shall be found truly
allied to them, should form a sub-genus at least in this family ; to which may be given
with some slight variation the character I have inserted at the head of this genus.

Leptogyne. Involucrum wobr'icAiMm, squamis appressis. CorollulcE foem. plurimae in
ambitu, gracilcs, 5-dentata;; hcrm. steriles.'' in centro, inpendibuliformes, S-fidse. St-
mina cylindrica, pubesccntia. P«/jpMs pilosus. Receptaculum n\xAnva.

This however will be found to approach very nea^r to the reformed character whidh
R. Brown proposes for the Gnaphalium,

9YNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.
4. SiNUATA. E.

323

C. pilosa, scabrius-
ciila; foliis inferioribus
sinuatis, lobis ovalibus,
acutis, superioribus lin-
earibus, integerrimis;
floribus paniculatis. E.

Hairy, somewhat
scabrous; lower leaves
sinuate, the lobes oval,
acute, the upper linear,
entire; flowers in pani-
cles.

Roof annual ? Stem about two feet high, branching. Lower leaves two
to four inches long, oblong, lanceolate, deeply sinuate. Flowers in an ob-
long terminal panicle, female florets in the circumference, hermaphrodite in
the centre, all white. Involucrum many leaved, imbricate ; leaflets linear,
lanceolate or subulate, appressed ; female florets a little longer than the in-
volucrum, very slender, with the border slightly three-cleft. Stamens none.
Style setaceous. Stigma simple. Hermaphrodite florets with the corolla
shorter than the female, border five-cleft. Anthers as long as the corolla.
Style as long as the stamens, two-cleft. Stigmas glandular, obtuse, erect.
Seeds all fertile, oblong, angled, hairy. Receptacle naked, convex, dotted.

This plant, which scarcely appears to be a native, has all the artificial
and essential characters of the Conyza, with the habit and appearance of an
Erigeron.

Grows around Charleston— very common.

Flowers April — July.

PTEROCAULON. E.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum, squamis tomento-
sis, sub scariosis? ap-
pressis. Corollulce

foem. et herm. immix-
tae; foe in. graciles limbo
sub 3 dentatae; herm.
limbo 5 fido. Semina
angulata, piloso. Pap-
p7is pilosus, scaber.
Receptaculum nudum.

//^^?o/^^cr^«m imbricate,
the scales tomentose,
slightly scarious, ap»
pressed. Foem. and
herm. Jiorets intermin-
gled; the female slen-
der, with the border 3
toothed; herm. with the
border 5 cleft. Seeds
angled, hairy. Pappus
hairy, scabrous. i?e-
ceptacle naked.

324

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA-

1. Pycnostachyum. Mich.

P. caiile alato; foliis
lanceolatis, sub undula-
tis, denticulatis, subtus
albo-tomentosis; spica
cylindrica, densi flora.

Stem winged; leaves
lanceolate, slightly un-
dulate, toothed, tomen-
tose and white under-
neath; spike cylindri-
cal, flowers clustered.

Conyza Pycnostachya. Mich. 2. p. 126. Pursh, 2. p. 524. Nutt. 2. p. 145.
Gnaphalium Undulatum. Walt. p. 203.

Root tuberous, somewhat fusiform, perennial. Stem about two feet high,
erect, simple, and with the under side of the leaves, and calyx densely to-
mentose and white. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, widely decurrent, so as to
render the stem conspicuously winged. Flowers in a compact sometimes
compound spike ; female and hermaphrodite flowers promiscuously mingled
in each capitulum, all white. Involucrmn imbricate, leaflets somewhat obo-
vate, acute, appearing to be scarious on the inner surface, densely tomentose
without ; female florets slender, three-cleft ; stamens none ; style longer than
the corolla, two-cleft, stigmas acute ; hermaphrodite florets with the corolla
deeply five-cleft ; anthers very short ; style shorter than the corolla, two-
cleft ; stigmas glandular, white. Seed angled, pubescent. Receptacle naked,
flat.

This plant, as remarked by Michaux, should form an intermediate genus
between Conyza and Gnaphalium, but it is in habit and appearance, much
more nearly allied to the latter than the former ; many species in the last
section of Conyza in Wildenow, perhaps belong to this genus. The seeds
of the hermaphrodite florets are probably sterile. They are certainly much
shorter than the others. The root under the popular denomination of Black
Root is much used in some parts of the country as an alterative and as a
cleanser of old ulcers.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers May — August.

GNAPHALIUM. Gen. Pl. 1282.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum, squamis oblongis,
scariosis,coloratis. Co-
rollulce foem. et herm.
immixtae. Semina gla-
bra. Pappus pilosus.
Receptaculum nudum.

Involucrum imbri-
cate, scales oblong,
scarious, coloured. Flo-
rets fern, and herm. in-
termingled. Seeds gla-
brous. Papjms hairy.
Receptacle naked.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

325

1. POLYCEPHALUM.

G. herbaceum, erec-
tiim; foliis lineari-lance-
olatis acutis, supra gla-
bris, subtus pubescen-
tibus; caule paniculate,
tomentoso; corymbis
terminalibus, coarcta-
tis.

Herbaceous, erect;
leaves linear-lanceo-
late, acute, glabrous on
the upper surface, pu-
bescent underneath;
stem paniculate, to-
mentose; corymbs ter-
minal, clustered.

Mich. 2. p. 127. Pursh, 2. p. 524.

G. Obtusifolium. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1880. Walt. p. 203.

Roof annual ? Stem one to two feet high, branching near the summit,
covered with a white tomentum. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear-lanceo-
late, nearly acute, entire, slightly imdulate, nearly glabrous on the upper
surface, tomentose, white underneath. Flotvers in large terminal corymbs,
composed of heads aggregated in small clusters. Involucrum imbricate,
conical, leaflets oblong, white, tomentose at base ; female florets slender, yel-
lowish in the border, five toothed, stamens none, style longer than the corolla ;
hermaphrodite florets with the corolla funnel shaped, yellowish, the border
five-cleft, stamens as long as the corolla. Seeds cylindrical, glabrous. Pap-
pus hairy, as long as the corolla. Receptacle naked, flat, dotted.

Grows in dry pastures — very common.

Flowers September — October,

2. PURPUREUM.

G. herbaceum; fohis
lineari-spathulatis, sub-
tus tomentosis; caule e-
recto, simplicissimo;
floribus sessilibus, glo-
meratis, terminaliljus
axillaribusque.

Herbaceous; leaves
linear spathulate, to-
mentose underneath;
stem erect, simple;
flowers sessile, cluster-
ed, axillary and termi-
nal.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1884. Mich. 2. p. 127. Pursh, 2. p. 525.
Gnaphalium Hyemale. Walt. p. 203.

Root perennial, stoloniferous. Stein erect and assurgent, simple, tomen-
tose and white, twelve to eighteen inches high. Leaves sessile, oblong, obo-
vate, slightly mucronate, entire, undulate, obscurely tripHnerved, tomentose,
particularly on the lower surface, which, like the stem, is while. Floioers

326 SYNGENESIA SUPERf LUA.

in compact, axillary, sessile clusters. Involucrum imbricate, leaflets oblong,
ovate, scarious, glabrous, appressed, the inner ones tinged with purple. Fe-
male florets numerous ; corolla, if any, closely adhering to the style ; sta-
mens none ; style two-cleft ; stigma short, obtuse ; hermaphrodite florets
small, with the border five-cleft, purple. Style as long as the corolla. Stig-
ma scarcely divided. Seed oblong, scabrous. Pappus hairy.

Grows in dry pastures — very common.

Flowers March — May.

Floribus dioicis, \ * Flowers dioecious >

Antennaria. Goertner. R. Brown.

3. Margaritaceum.

G. herbaceum; foliis
liiieari-lanceolatis, sen-
sim august atis, acutis;
caule siiperne ramoso,
corymbofastigiato; flo-
ribus pedicellalis.

Herbaceous; leaves
liiiear-Ianceolate,taper-
ing,acute; stem branch-
ing near the summit;
corymb fastigiate^flow-
ers on pedicels.

Willd. Sp.pl.S.p. 1881. Walt.p.203. Mich. 2. p. 127- Pursh, 2. p. 524.

Root perennial. Stem one to two feet high, branching towards the sum-
mit, clothed with a thick tomentum. Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, to-
mentose, hoary underneath. Flowers in large terminal corymbs. Involu-
crum many leaved, imbricate, scales ovate, obtuse, slightly plaited, of a
snowy whiteness : male florets with the corolla five-cleft, yellowish, sta-
mens nearly as long as the corolla, (Anthers with two bristles at base,
Broivn,) seed abortive, pappus scabrous, a little thickened at the summit ;
female florets with the corolla very slender, stamens none, style two-cleft,
stigma simple. Seed oblong, a little scabrous, pappus pilose.

I give the habitat with some hesitation. But among my specimens I found
one put away for examination in the manner I have usually put specimens
received from some of my domestic correspondents; in this instance, how-
ever, without a note or label. On examination it proved to be a male plant
of this species, justifying Mr. Brown's observations on its dioecious character.
(Trans. Lin. Soc. vol. 12. p. 123.) The specimens in my herbarium from
the Northern States are female.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers August — September.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

327

4. Plantagineum.
G. sarmentis pro-

cumbentibir

caule

simplici; foliis radicali-
bus ovatis, nervosis;
corymbo coaictato;
floribus dioicis; involu-
cri squamis interiori-
bus elongatis, obtusis,
coloratis.

Suckers procumbent;
stem simple; leaves of
the root ovate, nervose;
corymb clustered, flow-
ers dioecious; interior
scales of the involu-
crum long, obtuse, co-
loured.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1882. Walt. p. 203. Pursh, 2. p. 525. Nutt. 2. p. 146.
G. Dioicum. var. Plantaginifolium. Mich. 2. p. 128.

Root perennial, stoloniferous. Stem scarcely a foot in height, simple, to»
mentose, white. Leaves of the root wide, spathulate, oval or acute, entire,
three-nerved, tomentose, white on the under surface ; of the stem spathulate,
lanceolate, sometimes oval or obovate, frequently hoary on both surfaces.
Floivers in small terminal corymbs. Involucnim imbricate, the interior
scales long, very white, sometimes nearly acute. Female florets very slen-
der; style two-cleft; pappus hairy, longer than the corolla.

Grows in woods and on sunny hills. Pursh.

Flowers JMay — July. Pursh.

"^ ^ Radiati,

SENECIO.

Involucnim cylindri-
cum, basi calyculatum;
squamis apice sphacela-
tis. Pappus simplex.
Receptaculum nudum.

* Floribus Jiosculo^
sis; radiis nuUis*

I * * Florets of the
I ^^y generally present.

Gen. Pu 1290.

Involucrum cylindri-
cal, calyculate at base,
the scales sphacelate at
the summit. Pappus
simple. Receptacle na-
ked.

* Florets tubular;
those of the ray want'
ing»

$28

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

1. HiERACIFOLlUS.

S. caule virgatim-pa-
niculato; foliis oblongis
amplexicaulibus, inae-
qualiter prof uncle den-
tatis incisisque; invo-
lucris laevibus.

Stem virgate, pani-
culate; leaves oblong,
amplexicaule, unequal-
ly and deeply toothed
and notched; involu-
crum smooth.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1974. Mich. 2. p. 119. Pursh, 2. p. 529. Nutt. 2. p. 165.

Cineraria Canadensis. Walt. p. 207 ?

Annual. Stem four to eight feet high, a little hairy and scabrous, succulent,
branching towards the summit, heaves alternate, sessile, oblong, deeply
notched, almost pinnatifid, the lobes all acute, pubescent, a little scabrous,
hairy along the midrib ; panicle compound, terminal, the branches strait,
numerous. Involucrum ventricose; leaves equal, glabrous, acute ; leaflets
at base setaceous, iiuegularly disposed. Florets of the ray none ; of the
disk, tubular, numerous, white. Anthers a little longer than the corolla,
purplish. Style longer than the stamens, two-cleft ; stigmas reflected. Seeds
cylindric, a little hairy. Pappus setaceous. Receptacle naked, dotted.

The involucrum in this species appears to be monophyllous, deeply divided.

Grows in rich damp soils.

Flowers June — September.

2. SUAVEOLENS.

S. caule heibaceo;
foliis petiolatis, hasta-
to-sagittatisj serratis,
glabris, concoloribus;
floribus corymbosis,
erectis; involucris mul-
tifloris.

Cacalia Suaveolens. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1734. Wah. p. 195. Mich. 2. p. 96,
Pursh, 2. p. 518. Nutt. 2. p. 138.

Root perennial. Stem three to five feet high^ like the whole plant gla-
brous. Leaves hastate, ovate, acutely and irregularly serrate, mucronate,
supported on winged petioles one to two inches long. Involucrum many
leaved ; leaves lineai'-lanceolate, acute, a little pubescent at the summit, sur-
rounded at base, by small subulate or setaceous leaves, irregularly disposed.
Florets of the disk very numerous, tubular, yellowish white, somewhat glo-
bular at base. Anthers longer than the corolla, with the terminal appen-
dixes deeply separated, acute. Style two-cleft. Seed oblong, striate. Pa/J-
pus simple, hairy imder a lens, a little scabrous. Receptacle naked-

Stem herbaceous;
leaves on petioles, has-
tate, sagittate, serrate,
glabrous, uniformly co-
loured; flowers in co-
rymbs, erect; involu-
crum many flowered.

bYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

329.

Grows in damp rich soils in the middle and upper districts of Carolina and
Georgia.
Flowers August — October,

Hoary and woolly;
stem simple; leaves on
petioles, oval lanceo-
late, serrulate; corymb
somewhat umbelliform.

3. ToMENTosus. Mich.

S. incano-lanosus;
caiile simplici; foliis pe-
tiolatis, ovali lanceola-
tis, serrulatis; corym-
bo subumbellato.

Mich. 2. p. 119.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, covered like the whole plant
with a white cottony tomentum, which seems rather adhering to the sur-
face of the plant, than growing out of it. Leaves of the root oblong, oval,
generally obtuse, finely serrulate or crenulate, supported by petioles thi-ee to
six inches long ; leaves of the stem smaller, oblong, more or less dissected.
Floivers in a small terminal umbel. Involucrum many leaved, the leaves
equal, linear-lanceolate, very woolly at base. Florets of the ray, twelve to
fifteen, the ligules lanceolate, nerved, slightly three toothed; of the disk nu-
merous. Stamens as long as the tubular florets. ^ Seed pubescent ? Pap-
pus simple, setaceous, similar on all the florets.

This plant has great resemblance, in size, and outlines, to the S. Balsa-
mltae; besides, however, its woolly surface, its leaves are much more slightly
serrate, and the florets of the ray not distinctly three-notched as in that spe-
cies.

Grows near the Flat Rock not far from Camden. Mich. Found by Mr.
Whitlow in the middle country of Cnrolina.

Flowers April — .May.

4. Obovatus.

5. foliis radicalibus
obovatis, crenato serra-
tis, petiolatis, caulinis
pinnatifidis ; floribus
subiimbellatisjlongepe-
dunculatis; caiile gla-
briusculo.

Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1999. Pursb,
VOL. TT. T

Leaves of the root
obovate, crenate or ser-
rate, on petioles, of the
stem pinnatifid; flow-
ers somewhat umbel-
late, on long peduncles,
stem nearly smooth.

2. p. 530. Nutt. 2. p. 165.
2

330

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

Root perennial. Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, simple, glabrous.
Leaves of the root obovate, sometimes nearly round, crenate, glabrous, with
an attenuated base about an inch long ; leaves of the stem sessile, small, pin-
natifid, a little woolly at the base. Flmvers in small terminal panicles.
Involucrum simple, many leaved ; leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous, with
one or two small subulate leaves at base; florets of the ray ten to twelve,
yellow ; florets of the disk numerous. Stamens as long as the corolla.
Seed oblong, striate. Pappus simple, hairy, white.

In the specimens which I have from this State, the leaves are more orbi-
cular, thicker, and the flowers larger than those from Pennsylvania ; per-
haps they form distinct species.

Grows near Vance's ferry, on the Santee river.

Flowers.

5. Balsamit^.

S. foliis. radicalibus
oblongis, serr alis, petio-
latis, caulinis inferiori-
bus lyrato-pinnatifidis,
serratis, summis pinna-
tifidis, dentatis; floribus
suburabellatis; caule pe-
diinculisque basi villo-
sis.

Leaves of the root
oblong, serrate, on pe-
tioles, of the stem, the
lower lyrate pinnatifid,
serrate,the highest pin-
natifid, toothed; flow-
ers somewhat umbel-
late; stem and pedun-
cles villous at base.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1999. Pursh, 2. p. 530.

Root j)erennial. Stem one to two feet high, glabrous except at the ori-
gin of the leaves, simple, slender. Leaves of the root oblong, oval or ovate,
serrate and crenate, glabrous, supported on petioles four to six inches long,
a little woolly at the base ; leaves of the stem incised, pinnatifid, toothed.
Flowers in small terminal umbels. Involucrum simple, many leaved ; leaf-
lets linear-lanceolate, membranaceous along the margin, with one or two
small setaceous leaves at base ; florets of the ray ten to twelve, linear-lan-
ceolate, deeply three-cleft, difiering in this respect from all the other species
of this genus in my collection ; florets of the disk numerous. Stamens about
as long as the corolla. Seeds naked, striate. Pappus setaceous, white, si»
inilar on all the florets.

Grows in damp pine barrens. Dr. M'Bride.

Flowers April — May.

3YNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

331

6. Aureus.

S. foliis radicalibus
ovatis, cordatis, serra-
tis, petiolalis, caulinis
pinnatifidis dentatisjla-
cinia terminali lanceo-
lata; pedunculissubum-
bellatis, incrassatis.

Leaves of the root
ovate, cordate, serrate,
on petioles, of the stem
pinnatifid, toothed, the
terminal segment lan-
ceolate; peduncles
thickened; flowers
somewhat umbellate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1998. Mich. 2. p. 120. Pursh, 2. p. 530. Nutt. 2. p. l65.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, slender, glabrous, excepting
near the root. Leaves of the root cordate, oval, sometimes nearly round,
crenate, glabrous, supported on petioles about six inches long ; lower leaves
of the stem small, nearly round, on petioles scarcely an inch long, the up-
per sessile, amplexicaule, pinnatifid. Floioers in a simple, terminal umbel.
Incolua'um with only one or two small leaves at base. Florets of the ray
yellow. Seed glabrous, striate. Pappus setaceous, similar in all the florets.

I have a specimen sent me from Pennsylvania by Dr. Muhlenburg, under
the name of S. Aureus, which appears to agree exactly with the S. Cymba-
laria, of Pursh, excepting that its flowers are in a small umbel.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers June — July. Pursh.

7. Fastigiatus. Schweinitz.

S. foliis radicalibus
oblongis, cordalo ova-
tis, crenato dentatis,
glabris, caulinis, pinna-
tifidis, pinnis dentatis,
incisisque; floribus sub-
lunbellatis, pedunculis
involucroque glabris.
E.

Leaves of the root
oblong, cordate ovate,
crenately toothed, gla-
brous, of the stem pin-
natifid, the segments
toothed and notched;
flowers somewhat um-
bellate, the peduncles
and involucrum gla-
brous.

Plant two to three feet high, and glabrous excepting sometimes the base
of the stem, very similar in many respects to the preceding specie?, but
generally larger. Root leaves oblong, ovate, and almost acute, deeply cor-

332 SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

date, and supported by petioles six inches long; stem leaves two to four in-
ches long, deeply pinnatifid, with the terminal segment ovate, and irregularly
notched. Invohtcrum as in most of our species appearing to be one-leaved,
deeply divided with one or two small scales at base, the segments or leaflets
subulate, florets of the ray yellow, larger than those of S. Aureus. Seed
oblong, striate. Pappus setaceous, very white, and very abundant, so that
the heads when the seeds are mature, resemble small balls of cotton.

Sent me under this name from Salem, North-Carolina. I have speci-
mens from the middle country of South-Carolina, which, though wanting
root leaves, appear to belong to this species.

Flowers.

8. LoBATus. Persoon.

S. glaber; foliis pin-
natifido-lyratis; lobis
rotimdatis subrepandis;
corymbo composito,pe-
dunculis summis sub-
umbellatis.

Glabrous; leaves pin-
natifid, lyrate, lobes
round and slightly re-
pand; corymb com-
pound, the highest pe-
duncles somewhat um-
bellate.

Persoon, 2. p. 436. Nutt. 2. p. l65.
S. Lyratus. Mich. 2. p. 120.

Annual. <S^e/« erect, one to three feet high, angled, glabrous, fistulous, suc-
culent, with the epidermis adhering only at the angles, heaves sessile, pin-
natifid, with the lobes spathulate and round, coarsely toothed, glabrous.
Floioers in a large panicle, composed of many small umbels. Invohtcrum
with one or two small scales at base, the leaflets linear, acute, succulent j
florets of the ray about twelve, yellow, the ligules lanceolate, sometimes obo-
vate, three toothed at the summit ; the florets of the disk membranaceous.
Stamens as long as the florets of the disk. Style a little longer than the sta-
mens, two-cleft at the summit. Stigmas nearly globular. Seed oblong, stri-
ate. Pappus setaceous, very white. Receptacle naked.

Grows in damp soils, not absolutely inundated ; rice fields when in good
order are literally covered with this weed in the spring of the year, which
to the planters is generally known by the name of butter weed.

Flowers January to May and sometimes in October.

ARNICA. Gen. Pl. 1296.

Involucrum foliolis I Lwolucrum with the
aequalibus. Corollulce leaflets equal. Florets
radii saepius filamentis j of the ray often with

SVNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

33S

5, absque antheris.
Pappus simplex. Re-
ceptaculum nudum.

1. NuDicAULis. Mich.

A. hirsuta; foliis ra-
dicalibus decussatim
oppositis lato lanceola-
tis, nervosis, denticula-
tis; caule sub aphyllo,
summitate in peduncu-
los l-floros diviso.

^we filaments without
anthers. Pappus sim-
ple. Receptacle naked.

Hirsute; leaves of
the root opposite, de-
cussate, broad, lanceo-
late, nerved, toothed;
stem almost leafless
near the summit, divi-
ded into a few 1-flow-
ered branches.

Pursh, 2. p. 527. Nutt. 2. p. l64.
Doronicum Nudicaule. Mich. 2. p. 121.
acaule. Walt. p. 204?

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, simple, hirsute, somewhat
viscid. Leaves of the root large, sessile, expanding, somewiiat viscid j
strongly nerved; of the stem one or two pair small, opposite, ovate, sessile,
the smaller ones alternate, one at the base of each peduncle. Invo-
lucrum with the leaves arranged in a single series, hirsute, lanceolate.
Florets of the ray twelve to fifteen; of the disk numerous, all yellow. An-
thers as long as the florets of the disk. Style a little longer, two-cleft.
Seed slightly obovate, naked, finely striate. Pappus simple, hairy, similar
on all of the seeds.

In this species I have not seen any trace of filaments in the florets of the
ray.

Grows in damp pine barrens.

Flowers April — May.

CHRYSOPSIS. Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 150.

Iiwolucrum imbrica-
tum. Antherw basi
nudae. Pappus duplex,
exterior paleaceus,par-
vus; interior pilosus
scaber. Semina obo-
vata, villosa. Recepta-
culum nudum.

Involucrum imbricate.
Anthers naked at base.
Pappus double, the ex-
terior chaffy, small, in-
terior hairy, scabrous.
Seed obovate, villous.
Receptacle naked.

334

SYNGENESIA 3UPERFLUA.

^ Floribus
rymbosis,

1. Argentea.

suh

CO"

^Flowers generally
corymbose*

Persoon.

Silky; leaves lanceo-
late, linear, erect, acute,
entire; corymb some-
what paniculate; invo-
lucrum pubescent; stem
nearly naked towards
the summit.

C. sericea; foUis
lanceolato - linearibus,
erectis, acutis, integer-
rimis; corymbo sub pa-
niculate; involucris pu-
bescentibus; caule su-
perne subnudo.

Inula Argentea. Pursh, 2. p. 532. Nutt. 2. p. 151.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, branching towards the sum-
mit. Leaves long, (those of the root ten to twelve inches,) nearly linear,
somewhat rigid, entirely covered as well as the stem with long silken hairs,
longitudinally appressed to their surface. Flowers in an irregular terminal
corymb. Involucriim imbricate ; leaves subulate, acute, pubescent, and in
the specimen now before me, more covered with glands than those of the
succeeding species. Florets of the ray ten to twelve; of the disk numerous,
all yellow, 5eerfs oblong, villous or hispid. Pappus of both florets simi-
lar, the exterior subulate, resembling the interior in colour j interior very
scabrous, light brown.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers July — October.

2. Graminifolia. Mich,

C. sericea, foliis lan-
ceolato-hnearibus, acu-
tis, integerrimis, nervo-
sis; corymbis composi-
tis; caule superne fo-
liaceo.

Silky; leaves lanceo-
late linear, acute, en-
tire, nerved; corymbs
compound; stem leafy
towards the summit.

Inula Graminifolia. Mich. 2. p. 122. Pursh, 2. p. 532. Nutt. 2. p. 151.
Erigeron Nervosum. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1953.

Root perennial. Stein about two feet high. Leaves long, linear, entire,
distinctly nerved, covered as well as the stem with a pubescence exactly si-
milar to that of the preceding species; corymb compound, sometimes contain-
ing many heads. Florets of the ray, ten to twelve ; of the disk numerous, all
yellow. Stainens naked at base, as long as the corolla (of the disk,) at first

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

3S5

yellow, afterwards white. Stigmas nearly acute. Seed and Pappus exact-
ly similar to those of the preceding species; the pappus, however^ is less
coloured.

These two species are probably distinct, yet they are so nearly allied
that it is not easy to point out their specific distinction. I have never seen
an individual of either species without glands on the leaves of the involucrum.
The one which I have seen most nearly naked, belonged to this species.
Judging from the specimens now before me, I should say that the leaves of
the C. Argentea are narrower, thicker, and the nerves so close as not to be
very distinct, that the ilowers, and consequently the seed are much larger,
and the stem nearly naked towards the smnmit. In the C. Grarainifolia the
leaves are conspicuously nerved, the corymbs generally more compact, and
the heads more numerous.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

flowers- July — October.

3. PiNIFOLIA. E.

C. glaberrima; caule
rigido; foliis liiiearibusj
confertis, rigidis; co-
rymbo majusculo; in-
volucri squamis apice
lanosis. E.

Very glabrous; stem
rigid; leaves linear,
crowded, rigid; corymb
large; scales of the in-
volucrum woolly at the
summit.

Root perennial. Stem eighteen to twenty-four inches high. Leaves
very numerous, crowded on the stem, four to six inches long, on the branches
small, linear, with tlie midrib somewhat conspicuous, under a lens finely ser-
rulate. Corymbs terminal. Floioers nearly as large as in any species of this
genus. Involucrum imbricate, scales linear-lanceolate, a little woolly near
the point. Florets of the ray about fifteen, of the disk very numerous, all
bright yellow. Stamens of the disk longer than the corolla. Anthers white,
with their projecting summits very conspicuous, lanceolate. Style longer than
the stamens, two-cleft. Stigma glandular. Seeds all similar, long, hairy,
hispid. The exterior pappus subulate, lacerate, whitish, the interior very
scabrous, reddish brown. Receptacle naked.

Grows on the summits of the sand hills, between the Flint and Chatahoo-
chee rivers.

Flowers September — October.

4. Mariaixa.

C. pilosa; foliis ob-
longo-lanceolatis, ser-
ratis, superioiibus ses- ,

Hairy; leaves ob-
long, lanceolate, ser-
rate, the upper ses^sile5

336

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

sillibus, acutis, inferio-
ribus spathulatis ple-
rumque obtusis; co-
rymbo simplici; involu-
cre viscido pubescente.

Nutt. 2. p. 151.
Inula Mariana.

acute, the lower spa-
thulate, generally ob-
tuse; corymb simple;
involucrumviscidly pu-
bescent.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2099. Mich. 2. p. 122. Pursb, 2. p. 531.

Root perennial. Stem one to two feet high, simple, sparingly clothed
with long lanuginous hair. Leaves clothed in a similar manner, particular-
ly on the under surface. Corymb composed of a ievf heads. Peduncles
and back of the leaves of the iiivolucrum covered with viscid glands. Invo-
lucrum many leaved, imbricate, leaves linear-lanceolate. Florets of the ray
sixteen to twenty ; of the disk very numerous, all yellow. Anthers slightly
two-cleft at base, with the terminal appendix lanceolate, white. Stigmas
glandular. Seeds oblong, villous. Pappus on all of the florets double, the
exterior simple, short, the interior scabrous, not so much coloured as usual
in this genus.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers August — October.

The species which has been sent me from New-Jersey by my much es-
teemed friend Dr. Torrey, of New- York, as the Inula Falcata of Pursh, is
certainly a very -distinct species from this. It may be distinguished as C.
falcata foliis lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, rigidis, sub falcatis ; involucri squa-
mis sub toraentosis. The flowers in my specimens too are smaller than
those of the C. Mariana.

5. Trichophylla. Nutt.

Hairy; leaves oblong,
obtuse, very entire; co-
rymb simple; scales of
the involucrum very
narrow, glandular.

C. pilosa; foliis ob-
longis, obtusis, inter-
gerrimis; corymbo sim-
pUci; involucri squamis
angustissimis, glandu-
losis.

Nutt. 2. p. 150.

i?oo< pcennial. 5^ e?« twelve to eighteen inches high, sparingly lanuginous.
Leaves somewhat lanuginous, sessile, generally entire, the lower one attenua-
ted at base. Corymb simple, few flowered. Involucrum. many leaved, im-
bricate ; leaves very narrow, a little glandular, and sometimes hairy. Flo-
rets of the ray fourteen to sixteen, narrow, and perhaps longer than any other
of our species; of the disk numerous, all yellow. Seeds oblong, villous,
almost hispid. Pappus of both florets double, the exterior simple, the inte-
rior scabrous, brownish.

SYNGENESIA ^UPERFLUA.

337

Grows in dry soils.
Flowers August — September.

6. GOSSYPINA.

C. lanuginoso-candi-
cans; foliis sessilibus,
obloiigo - spathulatis,
obtusis, integerrimis;
corymbo subfastigiato.

WooIIy,hoary;leaves
sessile, oblong, spathii-
late, obtuse, very en-
tire; corymb fastigiate.

Mich. 2. p. 122. Pursh, 2. p. 532. Nutt. 2. p. 150.

Root perennial. Stem one to two feet high, covered, like the whole plant,
except the corolla, with a white lanuginous tomentura. Leaves oblong, oib-
tuse, the lower ones obovate, all entire. Corymbs simple, few flowered.
Involucrum many leaved, imbricate; leaves subulate, very woolly. Florets
of the ray numerous, yellow. Anthers scarcely longer than the florets of the
disk, white at the summit. Seed oblong, viscid, hispid. Pappus of all the
florets double, the exterior white, finely lacerate, the interior scabrous,
brownish.

Grows in high pine lands; common in the middle districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — October.

7. Dentata. E.

C. lanuginosa; foliis
cuneato obovatis, obtu-
sis, sinuato dentatis,su-
perioribus oblongoova-
libus, integris; corym-
bo simplici. E.

Lanuginous; leaves
cuneate, obovate, ob-
tuse, deeply toothed,
the upper oblong, oval,
entire; corymb simple.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, covered like the whole plant
except the corolla, with a white lanuginous tomentum. Lower leaves three
to five inches long, whh a long tapering entire base, towards the summit
coarsely and obtusel}'^ toothed : upper leaves numerous, oblong, all sessile
and semiamplexicaule. Flowers in a simple corymb, leaves subulate, very
woolly; florets of the ray numerous, (twenty to twenty-five,) strongly nerv-
ed: florets of the disk also very numerous, all yellow. Stamens much lon-
ger than the florets of the disk, white, with the terminal appendices lanceo-
late. Style longer than the stamens, two-cleft. Seed small, oblong, hispid.
Pappus double in all the florets, the exterior small, lacei'ate. white, the in-
terior scabrous, reddish brown.

t;2

338

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

This species has a very close affinity to the preceding, which it resem-
bles entirely in habit and appearance, it differs only in its leaves, which
are large and coarsely toothed, and in its seeds, which appear, at least, by
my specimens, to be much smaller.

Sent me from Louisville, Georgia, by Mr. Jackson to whom I have been
indebted for so many rare species, from the same district of country.

Flowers August — October.

* * Florihus panicu'
latin.

* ^ Flowers panicu^
late.

8. DiVARICATA. Nutt.

C. foliis lineari lan-
ceolatis, acutis, serra-
tisjciliatis^cauleque his-
pidis; panicula divari-
cata; pedimculis invo-
lucrisque viscido pu-
bescentibus.

Nutt. 2. p. 152.

Leaves linear-Ianceo-'
late, acute, acutely ser-
rate, ciliate, and with
the stem hispid; pani-
cle divaricate; pedun-
cles andinvolucrumvis-
cidly pubescent.

Root perennial. Nutt. Stem about two feet high, slender, hispid and
scabrous, irregularly branching towards the summit. Leaves very narrow,
the lower ones with long tapering bases, very acutely serrate, hispid and
scabrous. Flowers in a long scattered panicle. Involucrum many leaved,
imbricate; scales linear-lanceolate, slightly acuminate, pubescent on the
back. Florets of the ray not numerous, bright yellow, as in all the species
of this genus; of the disk tubular, yellow. 5'^y/e two-cleft. Seed oblong,
hispid, the interior pappus reddish brown, scabrous, the exterior wanting.

In this species which has long been known to me and which I sent Dr.
Muhlenberg many years ago, as the Inula hispida, I have been able to dis-
cover no trace of an exterior pappus unless the upper hairs of the seed can
be so called.

Grows near Savannah, whence it was first sent me by R. W. Habersham,
Esq. I have found it also near the national establishment on the Chata-
houchie River.

Flowers August — October.

SYNGENEStA SUPERFLUA. 339

9. SCABRA.

Lower leaves oval,
toothed, on petioles,
stem leaves cordate, o-
vate, sessile, all sca-
fjrous and dotted; stem
divaricate; flowers in
panicles.

C. foliis inferioribus
ovalibus, dentatis, pe-
tiolatis, caulinis corda-
to-ovatis, sessilibus,
omnibus scabiis punc-
tatisque; caiile divari-
cato; capitulis panicu-
latis. E.

Pursh, 2. p. 531. Nutt. 2. p. 151.
Inula Punctata. Muhl. Cat. p. 76.

i?oo< perennial? 5^e»» two to three feet high, branching from the base^
glandularly hairy, and very scabrous. Leaves of the root distinctly petio-
late, with the petioles dilated at base, coarsely toothed ; of the stem some-
what amplexicaule, acute, the veins all pellucid. Flowers in a compound,
terminal panicle. Involucrum many leaved, (nearly one hundred) imbri-
cate, cylindrical ; leaves linear, acute, viscid, pubescent, with the margins
membranaceous. Florets of the ray about twenty, lanceolate, nerved;
style scarcely longer than the tube ; seeds oblong, and excepting at the base
glabrous; exterior pappus a marginal cup, entire; the interior pappus want-
ing. Florets of the disk tubular, five-cleft, strongly nerved along the mar-
gins ; stamens scarcely longer than the corolla. Seed hispid, exterior pap-
pus composed of many membranaceous scales, the interior scabrous, red-
dish brown. Receptacle deeply celled.

Grows on the sand ridges near the ocean, and in dry pastures.

Flowers October.

The two preceding species differ in habit from this genus and the C. Sea-
bra very much, in the structure of the seed and pappus. If the double or
exterior pappus should be found to form permanent generic distinctions,
and to unite those species which in habit, symmetry and character agree,
this plant must be separated from this genus. It may be distinguished by
the following character :

CALYCIUM. Involucrum imbricatum, cylindricum. Anthera; basi
xiudse. Semina radii glabra, cupula coronata; disci hirsuta, pappo dupliii,
exteriore membranaceo polyphyllo, interiore piloso scabro. Recejjtaculum
favosum.

The first seven species of this genus, together whh the C. falcata, form 9
very natural group, though ^he two first are marked with strong peculiarities.
The two last differ in hibit, and have also characteristic distinctions, which,
with the increasing accuracy of the science, may cause tliem to be removed
from this genus.

840

SYNGENESIA SUPBRFLUA.

ASTER. Gen. Pl. 1291.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum, squamis inferiori-
bus patulis. Corolluke
radii plures 10 (rarissi-
me pauciores.) Pap-
pus simplex, pilosus.
Receptaculum nudum.

* Involucris alhis
apice mridibus; corol-
lulis radii 5, alhis.

Involucrum imbri-
cate, with the lower
scales expanding. Flo^
rets of the ray gene-
rally more than 10.
Pappus simple, hairy.
RsQeptacle naked.

* Scales of the invo-
lucrum whUe, with the
summits green; florets
of the ray 5, white.

1. SOLIDAGINOIDES. Mlch.

A? foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, integerrimis,
margine scabris; flori-
bus sessilibus,aggrega-
tis; involucris imbrica-
tis, squamis obtusis,
appressis

Leaves linear-lance-
olate, entire, scabrous
along the margin; flow-
ers sessile, aggregate;
involucrum imbricate,
with the scales obtuse,
appressed.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 2024. Pursh, 2. p. 543. Nutt. 2. p.
Aster Solidagineus. Mich. 2. p. 108.
Conyza Linifolia. Walt. p. 204.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, slightly angled, glabrous.
leaves, as in all of this genus alternate, sessile, two to three inches long,
almost linear, obscurely three-nerved. Flowers in small clusters at the sum-
mits of the branches, forming a fastigiate corymb. Involucrum cylindrical,
scales obtuse, with the green summits slightly reflected. Florets of the ray
generally five, narrow, twice as long as the involucrum, of the disk twelve
to fifteen, white, longer than the involucrum. Stamens about as long as the
corolla. Style scarcely longer than the stamens, two-cleft. Seeds oblong,
slightly angled, covered with a silken pubescence. Receptacle naked.

Grows in damp rich soils.

Flowers July — September.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA-

341

2. CONYZOIDES.

A. foliis ovali-lance-
olatis, acutis, superne
serratis, triplinervibus,
inferioribiis basi alten-
uatis, superioribus in-
tegerrimis; involucii
squamis ovalibus^obtu-
sis, appressis, apice
subreflexis.

Leaves oval-lanceo-
late, acute, sen ate to-
wards the summit, tri-
pliiierved, the lower at-
tenuate at base, the
upper entire; scales of
the involucrum oval,
obtuse, appressed,
slightly reflected at the
summit.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2043. Pursh, 2. p. 558.
Aster Marilandicus. Mich. 2. p. 108.
Conyza Asteroides. Walt. p. 204.

Stem about two feet high, striate, slightly pubescent. Leaves sessile, the
lower cuneate lanceolate, acutely and conspicuously serrate, slightly fringed
and scabrous along the margins, the upper lanceolate, entire. Floicers ses-
sile, clustered, forming fastigiate corymbs. Involucrum nearly cylindrical,
scales oblong, finely fringed, appressed, with green summits slightly reflexed.
Florets of the ray five, sometimes six, oval, two to three-cleft at the summit,
small; of the disk about fifteen, scarcely longer than the involucrum, tinged
with purple. Seeds villous. Pappus scabrous.

Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers June to August.

3. ToRTiFOLius. Mich.

A. foliis cuneato ob-
ovatis, acutis, integer-
rimis, pubescentibus,
tortuoso-patulis; flori-
bus subsessilibus, ag-
gregatis; involucri

scpiamis hneari-lanceo-
latis, appressis.

Mich. 2. p. 109. Pursh, 2. p. 554.
Conyza Bifoliata. Walt. p. 204-.

Leaves cuneate, ob-
ovate, acute, entire,
pubescent, tortuous,
expanding; flowers
nearly sessile, aggie-
gate; scales of the in-
volucrum linear-lance-
olate, appressed.

342

SYNGENESTA SUPERFLUA.

Stem about two feet high, pubescent, branching near the summit. Leaves
sessile, obovate, sometimes obtuse, slightly twisted so as to have their edges
generally vertical. Flowers in a fastigiate corymb. Involucrum cylindri-
cal, scales linear-lanceolate, appressed. Florets of the ray five, linear-lan-
ceolate, two-cleft at the summit; ol the disk numerous. Seed oblong, co-
vered with a silken pubescence.

Grows in dry soils; very common in the low country of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers August to September.

** Ligulis plurihus^ | ** Florets of the ray
foliis ijitegerrimis* \ numerous; leaves entire*

4. Hyssopifolius. Linn.

A. foliis lineari-Ian-
ceolatis, trinervibus,
punctatis, acutis, mar-
gine scabris; ramulis
corymboso-fastigiatis,
coarctatis; radio sub-
quinquefloro; involu-
cris imbricatis, disco
duplo brevioribus.

Leaves linear-Iance-
olale, three-nerved,
dotted, acute, with the
margins scabrous;

branches fastigiate,
clustered; florets of the
ray about 5; involu-
crum imbricate, half as
long as the disk.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2022. Pursh, 2. p. 543.

Stem one to two feet high, erect, striate, nearly glabrous. Leaves of the
stem two to three inches long, narrow lanceolate, entire, distinctly three-
nerved, sessile; of the branches very small. Flowers in small terminal fas-
tigiate corymbs. Scales of the involucrum ovate; the interior obtuse, the
exterior acute. Florets of the ray three to seven, sometimes more, white,
tinged with purple; of the disk yellow. Seeds, as in all of this division,
covered with a silken pubescence.

Grows in sandy fields and woods: New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. I
have not seen this species in the low country of Carolina.

Flowers August to October.

SYNGENESIA SUPERPLUA.

343

5. Flexuosus. Nutt.

A. glaberrimus; fo-
liis sessilibus, subulato-
linearibus, subcarnosis,
tvinervibus; ramulis
patiilis, unifloris; invo-
Iiicri squamis acutissi-
mis, laxe appressis,
caule flexuoso. E.

Very glabrous; leaves
sessile, subulate linear,
somewhat carnose,
three nerved; small
branches expanding,
one-flowered; scales of
the involucrum very
acute, loosely appres-
sed; stemvflexuous.

Nutt. 2. p. 154.

A. Tripoliura. Walt. 2. 154.

A. Sparsiflorus. Pursh, 2. p. 547-

Stem flexuous, procumbent and erect, two to three feet high, slightly
streaked with the decurrent midrib of the leaves, very glabrous. Leaves of
the stem linear subulate, entire, somewhat succulent, with pellucid nerves,
three to six inches long, two to three lines wide; of the branches very small,
acute. Flowers terminal, on the scattered branches. Involucrum cylindri-
cal, imbricate; leaves numerous, linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabrous,
loosely appressed, tinged with purple. Florets of the ray about twenty,
linear-lanceolate, three-toothed at the summit, pale purple; of the disk,
scarcely longer than the involucrum, yellow. Sti/le a little longer than the
disk, stigma somewhat fimbriate. Seed oblong, angled, hairy. Pappus
scabrous.

Grows in soils affected by salt water.

Flowers in September and October.

6. Paludosus.

A. foliis sessilibus,
subulatis, glabris, mar-
gine scabris; peduncu-
lis paucis, unifloris; in-
vohicris squarrosis,
squamis inferioribus,
foliaceis.

Leaves sessile, sub-
ulate,glabrous,with the
margin scabrous; pe-
duncles few, one-flow-
ered; involucrumsquar-
rose, the lower scales
leaflike.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 203S. Mich. 2. p.
A. Grandiflorus.'' Walt. p.

Pursh, 2. p. .547'.

344

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, pubescent near the summit, heaves
linear subulate, acute, very glabrous underneath, slightly scabrous on the
upper surface, three to four inches long, two to three lines wide, when
young, sometimes fringed. Flowers large, rarely exceeding four to five, on
branches or peduncles nearly naked. Involucrum imbricate, leaves linear
lanceolate, pubescent, reflexed, equal in length, the lowest sometimes longer
and leaf-like. Florets of the ray about twenty-four, nearly an inch long,
purple; of the disk numerous, yellow. Seed glabrous, angled. Pappus
scabrous.

Grows in wet pine barrens.

Flowers October — JNovember.

7. Grandiflorus.

A. foliis subamplex-
icaulibus, linear! subu-
lalis, rigidis, reflexis,
ttiargine ciliato-hispi-
dis; caule liirto, ramis
unifloiis; involucri

squamis lineari-lanceo-
latis.

Leaves somewhat
amplexicaule, linear,
subulate, rigid, reflex-
ed, with the margin ci-
liate and hispid; stem
hairy, the branches 1-
flowered; involucrum
squarrose, the scales
linear-lanceolate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 150. Mich. 2. p. 111. Pursh, 2. p. 550. Nutt. 2. p. 156.

Stem two to three feet high, very hairy, particularly towards the summit..
Leaves two to four inches long, scabrous, sometimes almost hispid, linear,
acute, the upper subulate. Flowers solitary on branches much more nu-
merous than in the preceding species. Involucrum conspicuously squarrose,
scales linear lanceolate, reflected. Florets of the ray numerous, large for
this genus, linear-lanceolate, purple; of the disk numerous, yellow. Seeds
nearly glabrous. Dill. Hort. Elth.

Grows in dry sandy woods, Carolina, Pursh. In the mountains of North-
Carolina and Virginia. Mich. I have not seen this species in the low
country.

Flowers October — November.

8. ExiLis. E.

A. glaberrimus; cau-
le gracilis elato, parce
ramoso; foliis praelon-

5 hneari subulatis;

gis

Very glabrous, stem
slender, tall, sparingly
branched; leaves very
long, hnear, subulate;

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

345

capitulis racemosis; in-
volucri squamis lineari
lanceolatis, radio dimi-
dio brevioribus. E.

heads in racemes;
scales of theinvolucrum
linear-lanceolate, half
as long as the ray.

Stem four to five feet high, erect, very slender, with a few scattering
branches, which near the summit become corymbose. Lower leaves four
to six inches long, scarcely exceeding a line in width, very slightly scabrous
along the margin, the upper diminishing in size; those of the branches linear-
lanceolate. Flowers on the lower branches few, on the upper in racemes
on peduncles two to four lines long. Scales of the involucrum linear-lan-
ceolate, glabrous, loosely appressed. Florets of the ray about twenty, nar-
row, twice as long as the involucrum, pale purple; of the disk yellowislr.
Seed somewhat pubescent.

Grows in damp soils in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

9. SuBULATus. Mich.

A. glaberrimus; fo-
liis lineari subulatis,
acutis, erectis; ramis
multifloris; involucris
cyhndraceis, squamis
subulatis; ligiilis radii
minutis.

Very glabrous; leaves
linear-subulate, acute,
erect; branches many
flowered; involucrum
cylindrical, the scales
subulate; florets of the
ray minute.

Mich. 2. p. 111. Pursh, 2. p. 545. Nutt. 2. p. 154.

Stem erect, two to three feet high, glabrous, with numerous expanding
branches. Leaves one to four inches long, two to three lines wide, smooth,
entire, somewhat appressed to the stem. Floxoers very small, in a loose
terminal panicle. Involucrum many leaved, imbricate, scales slightly re-
flected at the summit. Florets of the ray about thirty, scarcely longer than
the involucrum, unequally three-cleft, pale purple; of the disk, six to ten,
yellow. Seeds hairy.

Grows with A. Flexuosus in soils affected by salt water.

Flowers Septelnber — October.

10. FoLiOLOsus. Ait.

A. caule ramosissi-
mo,erecto; foliis lineari

Stem bearing many
branches, erect; leaves

X

<?>

346

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLDA.

lanceolatis, integerri-
mis, margine scabris,
rameis minutis creber-
rimis; ramis pauciflo-
ris; involucri squamis
acutis, appressis.

linear-lanceolate, en-
tire with the margins
scabrous, those of the
branches minute and
numerous; branches
few flowered; scales of
the involucrum acute,
appressed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2025. Piirsh, 2. p. 545. Nutt. 2. p. 155.
A. Coridifolius. Mich. 2. p. 112.

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, glabrous, with the branches
expanding. Leaves sessile, those of the stem about an inch and half long,
acute at each end, those of the branches very small, appressed; all glabrous
but scabrous along the margins. Panicle compound, the branches generally
few flowered. Involucrum imbricate, scales acute, appressed, hairy or
fringed at the summit. Florets of the ray twenty to twenty-four, linear-
lanceolate, pale purple; of the disk about thirty, yellow. Style scarcely as
long as the stamens. Seed glabrous. Pappus somewhat scabrous.

The plant I have described is certainly the A. Coridifolius of Michaux.
it appears to differ in some respects from the A. Foliolosus of Ait.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers September — October.

11. Sparsiflorus. Mich.

A. glabellus; foliis
linearibus, integris, re-
flexis; caule tenui, ra-
mosissimo; ramis ra-
mulisque patulis, seta-
ceis, unifloris; invo-
hicri squamis appressis.

Nearly glabrous;
leaves hnear, entire,
reflexed; stem slender,
much branched; the
branches expanding,
setaceous, one-flower-
ed; scales of the invo-
lucrum appressed.

155.

Mich. 2. p. 112. Nutt. 2. p.

This species 1 have not noticed and perhaps as suggested by Mr. Nuttall,
it is only a variety of the A. Foliolosus. The A. Flexuosus of Nuttall, A.
Geniculatus, Hamilton, was considered by Dr. Muhlenberg, as well aS.
Pursh, to be the A. Sparsiflorus of Michaux.

Grows in the low country of Carolina. Mich.

Flowei'S,

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

347

12. Tenuifolius. Lin.

A. foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis utrinque atte
nuatis, integerrimis,
margins scabriusculis;
caiile glabro, ramoso,
erecto, ramulis uniflo-
ris; involucri squamis
acutis, laxis.

Leaves linear-lanceo-
late, tapering at each
end, very entire, slight-
ly scabrous along the
margin; stem glabrous,
branching, erect, the
branches one-flowered;
scales of the involu-
crum acute, loose.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2026. Pursh, 2. p. 546? Nutt. 2. p. 155.

Stem two to three feet high, glabrous near the base, finely pubescent to-
wards the summit.' Leases very numerous, linear, acute at each end, gla-
brous, slightly scabrous along the margins, those near the flowers, becom-
ing suddenly very minute. Flowers numerous, in racemes along the main
branches, on small branches or peduncles about afl inch long. Scales of the
involucrum linear, acute, imbricate, loosely appressed, much shorter than
the disk. Florets of the ray numerous, very narrow, pale purple; of the
disk numerous, yellowish. Seeds oblong, finely pubescent. Pappus hairy.

Grows in loose soils, particularly in the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers October — November.

13. DuMosus? Lin.

A. foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, integerrimis,
glabris; caule panicula-
to; floribus terminali-
bus; involucri squamis
lineari-lanceolatis, im-
bricatis, appressis. E.

Leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, entire^ gla-
brous; stem panicled;
flowers terminal; scales
of the involucrum li-
near-lanceolate, imbri-
cate, appressed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2026. Pursh, 2. p. 546.

Stem about two feet high, glabrous, somewhat sparingly branched. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, acute, entire and slightly scabrous along the margin.
Flowers at the summits of the branches, solitary, terminal. Scales of the
involucrum linear-lanceolate, acute, loosely appressed, glabrous. Florets of
the ray narrow, pale purple. Seeds nearly glabrous.

This species is by Mr. Nuttall considered as a variety of A. Tenuifolius,
to which in its foliage it is closely allied. As 1 have specimens however

348

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

strongly resembling the original figure of Pluk. (t. 78. f. 6.) and bearing
upon branches several inches long but one solitary terminal flower, I have
concluded to retain it for the present and point it out as one of the many
doubtful species in this prolific genus.

Grows in damp rich soils.

Flowers October.

14. Ericoides.

A. foliis linearibus,
integerrimis^ glaberri-
mis, ramuloium subu-
latis^approximatisjcau-
linis elongatis; involu-
cri squamis lanceolatis,
aciitis; caule glabro.

Leaves linear, en-
tire, very glabrous,
those of the branches
subulate, approximate,
of the stem long; scales
of the involucrum lan-
ceolate, acutej stem
glabrous.

Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2027. Pursh, 2. p. 546.

Stem two to three feet high, very glabrous, branches very numerous,
slender, expanding. Leaves of the stem linear, acute at each end, glabrous;
of the branches, subulate, gradually diminishing in size, very slender, so that
although numerous they scarcely clothe the branches. Flowers as in the
preceding species, on short peduncles of half an inch to an inch long, form-
ing racemes along the large branches. Scales of the involucrum compara-
tively large, distinctly lanceolate, nearly as long as the disk. Florets of the
ray, numerous, linear, pale purple. Seed a little pubescent. Pappus slight-
ly scabrous.

This species appears to differ from the preceding by the very narrow sub-
ulate leaves on the branches, gradually diminishing in size and by the scales
of the involucrum which are much larger, lanceolate, and approaching more
nearly to the length of the disk. The A. Ericoides of Mich, probably be-
longs to A. Multiflorus or A. Ciliatus.

Grows in barren soils from Canada to Carolina. Pursh. My specimens
are from Pennsyh ania, marked by D. Muhlenberg, A. Ericoides verus Lin.
secundum Smith.

Flowers October — November.

15. Racemosus. E.

A. foliis hneari-lan-
ceolatis, subtus subpu-
bescentibus, margine

Leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, somewhat pub-
escent underneath, sea-

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

349

scabris; ramis gracili-
bus, elongatis; capitulis
subsessilibus, confertis,
juxta summitatem ra-
morum. E.

brous along the mar-
gin; branches slender,
long; heads nearly ses-
sile, crowded toward
the summit of the bran-
ches.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, very diffuse, with slender
branches eight to twelve inches long, slightly pubescent. Leaves linear-
lanceolate, pubescent underneath, along the margin and midrib; tliose of
the stem one to two inches long, one to two lines wide, those of the bran-
ches very small, two to three lines long. Flowers very small, in simple
racemes, occupying two to three inches at the summit of the branches, on
peduncles one to two lines long. Scales of the involucrum imbricate, linear-
lanceolate, loosely appressed, nearly glabrous, as long as the disk. Florets
of the ray numerous, linear, pale purple; of the disk yellow. Seeds slightly
pubescent.

Grows in damp rich soils — Paris Island.

Flowers September — October.

16. MULTIFLORUS.

A. foliis linearibus,
integerrimis, glabrius-
culis, margine subcilia-
tis; caule ramosissimo,
diffuso, pubescente; in-
volucris peduncuHsque
squarrosis, squamis
oblongis, ciliatis. E.

Leaves linear, entire,
nearly glabrous, slight-
ly fringed; stem dif-
fusely branched, pubes-
cent; involucrum and
peduncles squarrose,
the scales oblong, fring-
ed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2027. Pursh, 2. p. 546.

Stem two to three feet high, branching, very pubescent, almost hispid.
Leaves linear, acute, small, pubescent and fringed along the margin. Flow-
ers in crowded terminal racemes, on the horizontal branches somewhat se-
cund. Peduncles two to three lines long. Scales of the involucrum ob-
long and obovate, fringed, squarrose, and the small leaves on the short pe-
duncles are commonly as squarrose as the involucrum, of which they then
appear to be a continuation. Florets of the ray oblong, entire? nearly white;
of the disk yellowish. Seed pubescent.

Grows in dry fields — Canada to Carolina. Pursh.

350

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA*

17. SauARRosus. Walt.

A. foliis creberrimis,
arete sessilibus, ovatis,
aeutis, reflexis, rigidis,
margine hispidis; caule
ramoso liirto; ramulis
iinifloris; involucri

squamis lanceolatis,
hirtis, laxe appressis.

Leaves very nume-
rous, closely sessile,
ovate, acute, reliexed,
rigid, hispid along the
margin; stem branch-
ing, hairy; branches
one-flowered; scales of
the involucrum lanceo-
late, hairy, loosely ap-
pressed,

Sp. pi. S. p. 2028. Walt. p. 209. Mich. 2. p. 1 12. Pursh, 2. p. 547.
Nutt. 2. p. 155.

Stem about two feet high, procumbent, branching, hispid, very rough.
Leaves small, crowded, sessile, the young sometimes obovate, the old del-
toid, acute, very scabrous, sprinkled with rigid hair. Flowers terminal,
forming a loose panicle. Scales of the involucrum imbricate, (twenty-four
to thirty,) mucronate, after flowering ^eflexed. Florets of the ray sixteen
to twenty, linear-lanceolate, three-toothed at the summit, bright blue, hand-
some; of the disk yellow. Seed hairy. Pappus scabrous.

Grows in dry soils — common.

Flowers September — November.

18. CoNCOLOR. Lin.

A. foliis oblongo-
Unceolatis, integerri-
mis, iitrinque cano-pu-
bescentibus; caule sim-
plicissimo, erecto, pu-
bescente; racemo ter-
minali; involucri squa-
mis lanceolatis, seri-
eeis, appressis.

Leaves oblong, lan-^
ceolate, entire, hoary
and pubescent on both
surfaces, stem simple,
erect, pubescent; ra-^
ceme terminal; scales
of the involucrum lan-
ceolate, silken, appres-
sed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2029. Walt. p. 209- Mich. 2. p. 111. Pursh, 2. p. 548.
Nutt. 2. p. 155.

Root perennial, sometimes tuberous, like the Liatris when in sandy soils.
Stem erect, two to three feet high, virgate, pubescent, sparingly branched.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLtJA.

351

Leaves sessile, entire, slightly three-nerved, almost tomentose. Flowers in
a long terminal raceme, on peduncles three to six lines long. Scales of the
involucrum slightly appressed, villous. Florets of the ray ^ twelve to fifteen,
linear-lanceolate, bright bluej of the disk blue also. Anthers and Stigmas
purple. Seed villous. Pappus slightly scabrous.

Grows in dry soils — common.

Flowers September — October.

19. Reticulatus. Pursh.

A. foliis sessilibus,
oblongo lanceolatis,
ulrinque acutis, cano
tomentosis, triplinervi-
bus, subtus reticulato
venosis; floribus race-
mosis; involucri squa-
mis acutissimis.

Leaves sessile, ob-
long, lanceolate, acute
at each end, hoary and
tomentose, triplinerv-
ed, underneath reticu-
lately veined; flowers
in racemes; scales of
the involucrum very
acute.

Pursh, 2. p. 548.

Stem about three feet high, tomentose, branching toward the summit.
Leaves with the margins revolute, racemes somewhat fastigiate. Pedun-
cles almost naked. Scales of the involucrum loosely imbricate. Flowers
middle sized. Florets of the ray and disk white. Pursh.

With this species I am unacquainted.

Grows in dry swamps — Carolina and Georgia. Pnrsh,

Flowers August — October.

20. NoviE Angli^e. Lin.

A. foliis angusto-lan-
ceolatis, pilosis, am-
plexicauhbus, ba^i au-
riculatis; caule piloso;
floribus terminalibus,
interdum confertis; in-
volucri squamis lanceo-
latis, laxe appressis,dis-
co ion^ioribus.

Leaves narrow, lan-
ceolate, hairy, amplex-
icaule, auriculate at
base; stem hairy; flow-
ers terminal, some-
times crowded; scales
of the involucrum lan-
ceolate, loosely appres-
sed, longer than the
disk.

35aJ sjngenesia superflua.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2032. Mich. 2. p. 113. Pursh, 2. p. 549- Nutt. 2. p. 156

Stem three to four or six feet high, with diftuse spreading branches, hairy,
almost hispid. Leaves long, narrow, lanceolate, very entire, hairy and
scabrous along the margin, slightly auriculate at base. Flowers in a loose,
terminal panicle on small branches half an inch to three inches long. Scales
of the involucrum lanceolate, acute, somewhat hispid, scarcely longer than the
disk, frequently coloured. Florets of the ray numerous, narrow, bright
purple. Seeds hairy, almost villous.

The plant I have described and which I collected in the western districts
of Georgia, belongs to the var. Spurius, A. Spurius. Willd. — but its bran-
ches are more diffuse, and its flowers more scattered than I believe are com-
mon in that variety.

Grows in rich soils, sometimes to the height often feet. Pursh.

Flowers September — October.

21. Cyaneus? Hoflfman.

A. foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, amplexicauli-
bus, laevigatis; caule
ramoscglaberrimo, ra-
mi s paten tib us; floribiis
racemoso - paniculatis,
involucri squamis laxis,
lanceolatis, disciim
aequantibus.

Leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, amplexicaule,
smooth; stem branch-
ing, very glabrous, the
branches expanding;
flowers in paniculate
racemes; scales of the
involucrum loose, lan-
ceolate, as long as the
disk.

Pursli, 2. p. 550? Nutt. 2. p. 156.

Stem two to three inches high, glabrous or slightly pubescent on the
young branches. Leaves linear-lanceolate, those of the stem rather linear-
subulate, somewhat scabrous, very acute, slightly amplexicaule. Flotvers
scattered along rigidly expanding paniculate branches, on small branches or
peduncles half an inch to three inches long, not large. Scales of the involu-
crum linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous, loosely appressed,nearlyas longasthe
disk. Florets of the ray numerous (twenty to twenty-four) narrow, purple?
of the disk purple. Seed pubescent.

I have inserted this species with much hesitation. I have no opportuni-
ty of referring to the figure of Hoffman as the type of this species, and the
plant I have described which was sent me under this name by Dr. Schwei-
nitz is certainly not the plant of Pui-sh. It however differs from any spe-
cies I have hitherto described, and until a good monograph of this genus
with plates, shall be published, many of its species must continue obscure
and doubtful.

3YNGENESIA SCPERFLUA.

353

^2. ViRGATUS. E.

A. foliis lineari-Ian-
ccolatis, amplexicauli-
bus, glaberrimis; caule
sub ramoso, ramis vir
gatis, erectis; capitulis
racemosis; involucri
squamis aciitissimis,
sub squarrosis. E.

Leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, amplexicaule,
very glabrous; stem
sparingly branched,
branches virgate, erect;
heads racemose; scales
of the involucrum very
acute, slightly squar-
rose.

stem erect, three to four feet high, glabrous, branches few, erect, strictly
virgate, slightly pubescent at the summit. Leaves of the stem three to four
inches long, three to four lines wide, sessile, araplexicaule, glabrous, with
the margins a little scabrous; those of the branches similar but smaller.
Floioers in simple terminal racemes, on peduncles half an inch to two inches
long. Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, very acute, almost mucro-
nate, slightly squarrose. Florets of the ray, twenty to twenty-four, small,
bluish purple. Seeds nearly glabrous.

From the A. Cyaneus this species differs by its larger leaves and long,
erect, virgate branches; from A. Phlogifolius which it most resembles in the
size of its leaves, it differs by its want of pubescence, smaller flowers and
simple racemes.

Grows in the western district of Georgia*

Flowers September — October,

23. Carolinianus. Walt.

A. caule fruticoso,
flexuoso, ramosissimo,
pubescente; foliis sessi-
libus, oblongo-lanceo-
latis, utrinque attenua-
tis; involucri squamis
lineari-lanceolatis, pu-
bentissimis, sub-squar-
rosis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2017.
Nutt. 2. p. 156.

Walt. p. 208.

Stem shrubby, flex-
nous, much branched,
pubescent; leaves ses-
sile, oblong lanceolate,
tapering at each end;
scales ofthe involucrum
h near-lanceolate, very
pubescent, somewhat
squarrose.

Mich. 2. p. 111. Pursh, 2. p. 550.

Stem pubescent, floxuoiis and decumbent, leaning upon purrounding plants
VOL. IT. ¥ ^

354

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

and growing to the height of ten or twelve feet, very pubescent when young^
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, very acute, attenuated near the base,
then dilated and amplexicaule. Flowers very numerous, though generally
solitary on short branches, large and handsome. Scales of the involucrum
very pubescent, almost villous. Florets of the ray numerous, bright pur-
ple; of the disk purplish. Seeds pubescent.

Grows in swamps.

Flowers October. v

*#* Poliis lanceola-
Lis ovatisque^ injeriori-
bus serratis.

^%% Leaves lanceO'
late and ovate, the low*
er serrate.

t Floribus corymho^ \ f Flowers in corymbs*

SIS,

24. SuRcuLosus? Mich.

A. caule simplici, su-
periie pubescente; fo-
liisobovato-lanceolatis,
aciitis, parce serralis,
supra scabris, superio-
ribus minoribus; flori-
bus paucis, majusculis;
involucri squamis ob-
longo-ovatis, reflexis,
pubentissimis. E.

Stem simple, pubes-
cent towards the sum-
mit; leaves obovate-
lanceolate, acute, spa-
ringly serrate, scabrous
on the upper surface,
the upper ones small;
flowers few, large;
scales of the involucrum
oblong, ovate, reflexed,
very pubescent.

Mich. 2. p. 112. Pursh, 2. p. 547. Nutt. 2. p. 157-
A. Liatroides. Muhl. Cat.

Root creeping. Stem erect twelve to eighteen inches high, very pubes-^
cent towards the summit. Leaves sessile, somewhat three-nerved, slightly
scabrous underneath, pubescent and very scabrous on the upper surface,
ciliate when young; the lower leaves attenuate at base, three to four inches
long, six to eight lines wide, the upper smaller. Floivers large, not nume-
rous, (thirty-five) in a small terminal coiymb, sometimes solitary. Involti-
crum imbricate, cylindrical; the lower leaves ovate, nearly acute; the in-
terior oblong, obtuse, reflected, all very pubescent. Florets of the ray
about twenty, bright purple; of the disk, yellow. Seeds slightly angled^
and a little hairy. Pappus scabrous.

Grows in Carolina, in the flat pine barrens near Purysbprg.

Flowers October — November,

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA*
25. PUNICEUS.

355

A. foiiis amplexicau-
libus, lanceolatis, ser-
ratis, scabriusculis; ra-
ni is paniciilatis, involu-
cris laxis disciim su-
peraiitibiis, squamis
lineari-Ianceolatis, siib-
aequalibus; caule his-
pido.

Leaves amplexicaule,
lanceolate, serrate,
slightly scabrous; bran-
ches paniculate; invo-
lucrum loose, longer
than the disk; scales
hnear-lanceolate, near-
ly equal; stem hispid.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2040. Mich. 2. p. 115. Pursh, 2. p. 554. Nutt. 2. p. 158.

The plant which in the low country of Carolina and Georgia has been
considered as the A. Puniceus, differs so much from the Northern specimens
which I possess, that it ought probably to constitute a new species.

The specific character above quoted is taken from Willdenow. I shall
now describe the plant as it appears to us.

5to« two to three feet high, robust, lucid, glabrous, the branches furrowed,
pubescent. Leaves sessile, spathulate-lanceolate, dilated and semiamplex-
icaule, acutely serrate, smooth on the under surface, scabrous on the
upper, six inches long and nearly two wide, when young pubescent. Flow-
ers large, numerous, with a corymbose panicle. Scales of the involucrum
numerous, imbricate, linear, acute, fringed, reflected. Florets of the ray
twenty to thirty, linear-lanceolate, bright purple; of the disk numerous,
yellow. Anthers exserted. Seed angled, a little hairy.

Grows along the margins of our rivers. Very common on the tide lands
of the Ogechee.

Flowers October — November.

26. ACUMINATUS.

A. foiiis lato lanceo-
latis, inferne attenua-
tis, integris, superne
inaequaliter serratis,
longissime acuminatis;
caule simplici, flexuoso,
anguloso, panicula co-
rymbosa, divaricato-
dichotoma; involucri

Leaves broad, lan-
ceolate, tapering to-
wards the base, entire,
unequally serrate near
the summit, conspicu-
ously acuminate; stem
simple, flexuous, an-
gled; panicle corym-
bose, divaricate, dicho-

S5S

STNGENESIA SUPERFLUA,

foliolis laxisjlinearibus,
disco brevioribus.

tomous, leaves of the
involucrum loose, line-
ar, shorter than the
disk.

Mich. 2. p. 109. Pursh, 2. p. 555.

This species I have not seen in Carolina. Pursh says that a humble
variety with a naked few-flowered corymb, scarcely longer than the leaves,
grows on the summits of our highest mountains.

Flowers August — October,

27. Dracunculoides. Willdenow.

A. fohis linearibus,
acuminatis, integerri-
mis, inferioribus Unea
ri-lanceolatis, subserra-
tis; ramis corymbosis;
involucris imbricatis;
caule glabriusculo.

Leaves linear, acu-
minate, entire, the low-
er linear-lanceolate,
slightly serrate; bran-
ches corymbose; invo-
lucrum imbricate; stem
nearly glabrous.

Sp. pi. 32. p. 2050. Pursh. 2. p. 557.

Stem four feet high, erect, the branches corymbose, and marked with a
decurrent hairy line; the lower leaves one to two inches long, linear-lan-
cpolaie, acuminate at each end, serrate in the middle, the upper linear, en-
tire. Floioers small. Florets of the ray nearly white. Scales of the in-
volucrum lanceolate, acute, somewhat expanding. Willd.

With this species I am unacquainted.

Grows in low grounds and along ditches: New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh,

Flowers September — November.

tt Florihus panicu'
latis»

28. JiJNCEus? Ait.

A. foliis lanceolato,
linearibus, sessilibus
glabris, infimis subser-
ratis, ramulorum lan-
ceolatis; caule pani-

tt Flowers in pant*
cles.

Leaves lanceolate,
linear, sessile, glabrous,
the lower slightly ser-
rate, those of the bran-
ches lanceolate; stem

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

357

culato, glabro, ramis
virgatis; involucris im-
bricatis.

paniculate, glabrous,
branches virgate; in-
volucrum imbricate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2050. Pursh, 2. p: ^57- Nutt. 2. p. 158.

Stem two to four feet high, with long slender branches, slightly pubes-
cent. Leaves sessile, narrow, lanceolate, serrate, glabrous; those of the
branches entire. Flowers small, in racemes at the end of the virgate bran-
ches, on peduncles two to four lines long. Scales of the involucrum linear-
lanceolate, acute, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray (sixteen to twenty,)
narrow, pale purple. Seeds somewhat pubescent.

I know not whether my reference of this plant is correct. I have of it
apparently two varieties, one with leaves longer and more acutely serrate
than the other and with flowers somewhat longer; but in habit similar.

Grows in damp soils, along ditches, swamps, &c.

Flowers September — October.

29. DiVERGENS. Ait.

A. foliis elliptico-lan-
ceolatis, serratis, gla-
bris, cauiinis lineari-
lanceolatis; ramis pa-
tentibus; involucris im-
bricatis; caule pubes-
cente.

Leaves elliptic lan-
ceolate, serrate, gla-
brous, those of the stem
linear-lanceolate; bran-
ches expanding; invo-
lucrum imbricate; stem
pubescent.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2052. Pursh, 2. p. 558. Nutt. 2. p. 159.

Stem two to four feet high, with the summit and numerous branches
pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, very acute, finely serrate, glabrous; the
small ones on the branches as usual entire. Flowers in somewhat crowded
racemes on the expanding branches on peduncles one to three lines long.
Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, imbricate, nearly glabrous.
Florets of the ray white, tinged with purple. Seeds somewhat pubescent.

Mr. Nuttall considers the A. Diffusus of Aiton, and the A. Pendulus, Ait.
with long divaricate pendulous branches as only varieties of the present
species. The last would appear from description to approach very nearly
the A. Junceus of this sketch. If they should prove the same plant, they
must I think be separated from A. Divergens.

Grows in woods in moderately fertile soils.

Flowers Septembers-October.

358

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

30. Tradescanti. Lin.

A. foliis lanceolatis,
serratis, sessilibus, gla-
bris; ramis virgatis; in-
volucris imbricatis;
caule tereti, glabro.

Leaves lanceolate,
serrate, sessile, gla-
brous; branches vir-
gate; involucrum im-
bricate; stem terete,
glabrous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 556. Mich. 2. p. 115. Pursh, 2. p. 556. Nutt. 2.p. 158.

Stem three to four feet high, glabrous, with numerous erect vjrgate bran-
ches. Leaves lanceolate, acute at each end, when large finely serrate, wl^en
small entire, a little scabrous on the upper surface. Flowers small, in sim-
ple or compound racemes, very numerous. Scales of the involucrum linear-
lanceolate, acute, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray, (about twenty) nar-
row, pale purple, of the disk, yellow. Seeds a little hairy.

The plant I have described agrees very exactly with the A. Vimineus,
Willd: considered by Pursh, and I believe Mr. Nuttall, as a variety of A.
Tradescanti. I must however remark that I have a specimen sent from
Penn. by Dr. Muhlenberg, as the A. Tradescanti of Lin. which differs very
widely from this, but differs, I think also, from the description of Ait. and
Willdenow,

Grows in the mountains of Carolina, Mich. Probably in all of the up-
per districts, as it is found in the same range of country in IN. Carolina.

Flowers September — October.

31. DiscoiDEus. E.

A? caule erecto sub
villoso; foliis spathula-
to ovatis, acutis, ser-
ratis, pilosis, subtus
pallidioribus; involucri
squamis, subulatis, vil-
losis, laxe appressis,
sub squarrosis; radii
coroUulae 0,

Stem erect, some-
what villous; leaves
spathulaie,ovate, acute,
serrate, hairy, pale on
the under surface;
scales of the involucrum
subulate, villous, loose-
ly appressed, some-
what squarrose; florets
of the ray none.

stem two to three feet high, erect, generally hairy, sometimes very vil-
lous, branches not numerous, virgate, erect. Leaves all spathulate, distant-
ly and coarsely serrate, very hairy on the under surface, three to four in-
ches long, including the attenuated base, nearly two inches wide. Flowers

SYNGENESIA SUPERPLUA, k

359

of a middling size, in a long virgate panicle. The lateral racemes axillary,
few-flowered. Scales of the involucrum subulate, acute, villous, somewhat
squarrose, scarcely longer than the mature seed. Florets of the ray want-
ing; of the disk twelve to fifteen, deeply five-cleft, pale purple. (Seed ob-
long, very glabrous. Receptacle small, naked.

This plant, when I first discovered it, appeared to me likely to constitute
a genus in Syngenesia jEqualis, somewhere between Vernonia and Eupato-
rium; but its involucrum and its habit so much resemble those of an Aster,
that I have been induced for the present to arrange it here — varies with the
lower stem leaves, nearly glabrous, and the leaves spathulate lanceolate.

Grows very abundantly in the rich high lands between the Alabama and
Chatahouchie rivers.

Flowers September — October.

32. Versicolor. Willd.

A. foliis subamplex-
icaulibus, lato-lanceo-
latis, serratis; caule ra-
mosissimo, glabro; in-
volucri squamis lanceo-
latis, laxis, disco bre-
vioribus.

Leaves somewhat
amplexicaule, broad,
lanceolate, serrate,
stem branching, gla-
brous; scales of the in-
volucrum lanceolate,
loose, shorter than the
disk.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2045. Pursh, 2. p. 553. Nutt. 2. p. 158.

Upper leaves entire, the lower somewhat serrate, those of the root ob-
long, attenuate at each end, serrate in the middle, all glabrous. Flowers
handsome, clustered towards the summits of the branches. Florets of the
ray, first white, afterwards purple. Willd.

The specimens of plants that pass under this name with us, agree very
accurately with the description of Willdenow, excepting that the flowers are
small, and the plant of course not as ornamental as he represents.

Grows in rich damp soils.

Flowers September — October.

32. LiEVIGATUS.

A. foliis subamplexi-
caulibus, lato-lanceo-
latis, subserratis, lae-
vibus; caule ramosissi-

Leaves somewhat
amplexicaule, broad,
lanceolate, slightly ser-
rate, smooth; stem

mo,glabro,rauiulis mul- much divided, gla-

360

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

tifloris; involucri; squa-
mis, lariceolatis, laxis,
discum subaequantibus.

brous, branches many
flowered; scales of the
involucrum lanceolate,
loose, as long as the
disk.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2046. Pursh, 2. p. 553.

Stem two to five feet high, glabrous, branching profusely. Lower leaves
two to three inches long, semiamplexicaule, glabrous, the upper narrow
nearly entire. Flowers numerous, in racemose panicles. Scales of the^
involucrum linear-lanceolate, loosely imbricate. Florets of the ray about
thirty, nearly linear, pale purplej of the disk yellow. Seeds pubescent.

Grows in damp rich soils.

Flowers October — September.

33. Amplexicaulis.

A. foliis ovato-ob-
longis, acutis, amplex-
icaulibus, cordatis, ser-
ratis; caule paniculato,
glabro; involucri squa-
mis lanceolatis, arete
imbricatis.

Leaves ovate, ob-
long, acute, amplexi-
caule, cordate, serrate;
stem paniculate, gla-
brous; scales of the in-
volucrum lanceolate,
closely imbricate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2046. Pursh, 2. p. 552. Nutt. 2. p. 153.

Stem erect, two to three feet high, glabrous, sparingly branched towards
the summit. Leaves oblong lanceolate, the lower attenuate, semiamplexi-
caule, the upper more cordate, all glabrous and slightly serrate. Flowers
middle sized, in a terminal panicle. Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceo-
late, thick, very acute, glabrous. Florets of the ray (sixteen to twenty)
ftarrow, purple; of the disk yellow. Seed nearly glabrous.

Grows in dry soils moderately fertile.

Flowers September — October-

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

361

^*** Poliis corda'- I %t^%^ Leaves cor-
lis, serratis. \ date, serrate.

35. Undulatus. Lin.

A. foliis caulinis ob-
longis, cordatis, am-
plexicaulibus, undula-
tis, scabris, summitate
dentatis; paniculae ra-
mis patentibus, pauci-
floris; involucris sub-
squaiTosis.

Stem leaves oblong,
cordate, amplexicaule,
undulate, scabrous,
toothed near the sum-
mit; branches of the
panicle expanding, few-
flowered; involucrum
slightly squarrose.

A. Undulatus. Linn, verus sec. Smith.
A. Patens. Wilid. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2034.
A. Amplexicaulis. Mich. 2. p. 114.

Sp. pi. edit. 1. 1228.
Pursh, 2. p. 551.

Stem two to three feet high, scabrous, branching towards the 'summit.
Leaves of the stem scabrous, and a little hairy^ slightly undulate, sometimes
entire, but frequently toothed near the summit; amplexicaule with the lobes
surrounding the stem; of the branches oblong-lanceolate, sessile. Flowers
large, not numerous, in a loose terminal panicle. Scales of the involucrum
very numerous, Unear-lanceolate, acute, pubescent, reflected at the summits.
Florets of the ray about twenty, bright bluish purple; of the disk numerous,
yellowish, sometimes changing to purple, as they decay. Seeds hairy.

Grows in dry soils — very common.

Flowers September — November.

36. DivERsiFOLius. Mich.

A. foliis sub-integris,
undulatis, sub-pubes-
centibus, scabris, infe-
rioribus alato-petiola-
tis, cordato-ovatis, su-
perioribus oblongo-lan-
ceolatis; panicula laxa,
ramulis gracilibus ra-
cemifloris.

Leaves nearly en-
tire, undulate, pubes-
cent, somewhat sca-
brous, the lower ones
cordate, ovate, with
winged petioles, the
upper oblong-lanceo-
late; panicle loose, the
branches slender, race-
mose.

VOL. H.

z'Z

562 9YNGENE9IA SUPERFLUA.

Mich. 2. p. 113.

A. Undulatus. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2035. Pursh, 2. p. 551. Nutt. 2. p. 156.

A. Tardiflorus? Walt. p. 210.

Stem about three feet high, pubescent, scabrous, diffusely branched neai*
the summit. Leaves generally entire, sometimes slightly toothed; the
petiole of the lower ones winged, dilated at base, amplexicaule — those of
the branches very small, all very pubescent underneath, slightly scabrous
on the upper surface. Flowers of a middling size, in a long terminal pani-
cle. Leaves of the involucrum numerous, lanceolate, pubescent, fringed.
Florets of the ray from twelve to fifteen, pale purple; of the disk twenty-
four, yellow, changing as they decay to purple. Seeds slightly angled, a
little hairy.

Grows in dry soils, very common.

Flowers September — November.

37. Sagitt^efolius. Wedemeyer.

A. foliis oblongo-
lanceolatis, sessilibus^
medio serratis, sub
glabris, radicalibus ob-
Iongis,cordato-sagitta-
tis, serratis, petiolatis;
caule ramoso, glabro;
involucris laxis, imbri-
catis.

Leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, sessile, serrate
in the middle, rather
glabrous, those of the
root oblong, cordate,
sagittate, serrate, pe-
tiolate; stem branch-
ing, glabrous; involu-
crum loose, imbricate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2035. Pursh, 2. p. 551. Nutt. 2. p. 156.

Stem two to three feet high, erect, glabrous, bearing many branches.
Leaves of the root oblong, unequally serrate, cordate and sagittate at base,
glabrous, two inches long and upwards, on naked petioles; lower stem
leaves oblong, ovate, acuminate, coarsely serrate, on winged petioles, the
upper oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sessile, serrate in the middle, the high-
est entire. F/ojoers of a middling size, peduncles leafy. 5ca/es of the in-
volucrum lanceolate, loosely imbricate. Willd.

The plants which I have examined as belonging to this species have their
leaves slightly scabrous and pubescent along the veins, and nearly entire,
thinner however and more glabrous than those of A. Diversifolius to which
they are nearly allied.

Grows in the upper districts of North and South-Carolina.

Flowers September — October.

3YNGENESIA SUPERFLUA>

363

38. SrABER. E.

A. foliis inferioribus
p^^tiolatis, oblongo-coi -
dalis, acutis, integerri-
mis, caulinis sessilibus,
amplexicaulibus, ovato
hmceolatis, superne at-
teiiuatis, acutissimis,
omnibus scabris, undu-
latis; panicula laxa
eloiigata, ramulis ra-
cemifloris. E.

Lower leaves petio-
late, oblong, cordate,
acute, entire, those of
the stem sessile, am-
plexicaule, ovate lan-
ceolate, tapering to a
very acute point, all
scabrous, undulate; pa-
nicle loose, long, the
branches racemose.

stem about three feet high, striate, a little hairy, very scabrous. Lower
leaves on petioles, two to three inches long, cordate, with the sinus deep,
an-1 the lobes round; stem leaves rather narrow, lanceolate, and ovate*
lanceolate, rigid, very acute, all scabrous. Flowers rather small, in a long
terminal panicle. Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, acute, pubes-
cent, appressed. Florets of the ray twelve to sixteen, oval, purplej of the
^isk yellow. Seed angled, hairy. Pappns scabrous.

This species differs from A. Diversifolius in its leaves which are narrow-
er, much more acute, more rigid, more scabrous and less pubescent^ and
perhaps also by a larger panicle.

Grows in soils rather dry.

Flowers September — October.

39. Paniculatus?

A. foliis ovato-lan-
ceolatis, subserratis,
petiolatis, glabris, ra-
dicalibus ovato-corda-
tis serratis, scabris, pe-
tiolis nudis; caule ra-
mosissimo, glabro, ra-
mulis pilosis; involu-
cris laxis, subimbrica-
tis.

Leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, slightly ser-
rate, petiolate, gla-
brous, those of the
root ovate-cordate, ser-
rate, scabrous, with the
petioles naked; stem
much divided, glabrous,
branches hairy; invo-
lucrum loose, some-
what imbricate.

364 SYNGENE6IA SUPERFLUA.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 3035. Pursh, 2. p. 551. Nuttall, 2. p. 156.

I insert this species with much hesitation; my specimens which were re-
ferred to it by Dr. Muhlenberg, differ in some respects from the descrip-
tion of Wiildenow, and may really belong to another section of this genus.

Stem three to four feet high, striate, glabrous, branching very much to-
wards the summit, the young branches a little hairy. Koot leaves wanting;
stem leaves spathulate-lanceolate, acute, or slightly acuminate, a little hairy,
particularly along the margins and veins. Flowers small in compact clus-
tered racemes, forming a large terminal panicle. Scales of the involucrum
not ver}'^ numerous, subulate, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray about
twelve, narrow, pale purple; of the disk yellow, changing as they decay to
purple. Seeds very glabrous.

This plant, which is probably the A. Paniculatus of Muhlenberg and
Pursh, differs very essentially from the A. Diversifolius. The A. Panicu-
latus of Nuttall, must certainly be a different plant.

Grows in damp rich soils in the low country of Carolina.

Flowers September — October.

40. CoRDiFOLius. Lin.

A. foliis cordatis,
acutis, subtus pilosis,
argute serratis, petio-
latis, petiolis alatis;
caiile paniculato, pilo-
so; involucris laxis,
subimbricatis.

Leaves cordate, a-
cute, hairy underneath,
acutely serrate, petio-
late, with the petioles
winged; stem panicu-
late, hairy; involucrum
loose, slightly imbri-
cate.

Sp. pi. 3. 2036. Mich. 2. p. 114. Pursh, 2. p. 552. Nutt. 2. p. 156.

Stem two to three feet high, branching, the branches pubescent. Leaves
of the root and lower part of the stem cordate, tapering to an acute point,
acutely serrate, slightly pubescent underneath, on petioles one to two in-
ches long, very slightly, winged. Flowers numerous, rather small, in pani-
cles composed of crowded racemes. Scales of the involucrum linear-lan-
ceolate, nearly glabrous, loosely appressed. Florets of the ray about
twelve, narrow, wliite, tinged with purple. Seeds glabrous. Varies, with
the lower leaves ovate-cordate, the upper spathulate-ovate, the serratures
nearly obtuse, and the petioles more conspicuously winged.

Grows in the upper and mountainous districts df Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers September — November.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

365

41. CoRYMBOSUS. Ait.

A. foliis ovatis, ar-
gute serratis, acumi-
natis, inferioribus cor-
datis, petiolis iiudis;
ramis pubescentibiis,
sub fastigiatis; involu-
cri squamis ovato lan-
ceolatis, arete appres-
sis.

Leaves ovate, acute-
ly serrate, acuminate,
the lower cordate, pe-
tioles naked; branches
pubescent, somewhat
fastigiate; scales of the
involucrum ovate-lan-
ceolate, closely appres-
sed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2036. Pursh, 2. p. 552. Nutt. 2. p. 156.

Stevi one to two feet high, glabrous, sparingly branched near the summit,
the branches a little pubescent. Leaves somewhat large, the lower ovate,
cordate, the upper spathulate-lanceolate, all glabrous, acuminate and very
acutely serrate. Floicers not numerous, much larger than those of the pre-
ceding species, in a terminal somewhat fastigiate corymb. Scales of the
involucrum ovate-lanceolate, pubescent, closely imbricate. Florets of the
ray about twelve, narrow, white, tinged with purple. Seeds glabrous.

Grows in shady woods in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

**#*# Paj)j)0 du'
flici^ jiorihus plerum-
que corymhosis, vix hu-
jus generis,

42. LiNARiiFOLius, Lin.

A. foliis crebris,
linearibus, mucronatis,
enerviis, rigidis, paten-
tibus, scabris; caule
superne ramoso, ramis
unifloris fastigiatis; in-
volucris imbricatisjlon-
gitudine disci.

%%%%^ Pappus dou"
hle^ the Jlowers gene^
rally in corymbs.

Leaves numerous,
linear, mucronate,with-
out nerves, rigid, ex-
panding, scabrous;
stem branching near
the summit, branches
fastigiate, one-flower-
ed; involucrum imbri-
cate, as long as the
disk.

366

3TNGENESIA SUPERFLtJA.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2024. Walt. p. 209. Mich. 2. p. 110. Pursh, 2. p. 545*
Chrysopsis LinariifoHa. Nutt. 2. p. 122.

Stem about two feet high, generally erect, when young pubescent.
Leaves alternate, bat crowded, expanding or reflected, with the midrib very
prominent, very scabrous along the margins, about an inch and half long.
Flowers in an umbellate corymb, the branches generally one-flowered and
clustered at the summit of the stem. Scales o( the in volucrum very nume-
rous, imbricate, linear-lanceolate, fringed. Florets of the ray ten to twelve,
linear-lanceolate, three-cleft at the summit, pale purple; of the disk nume-
rous, yellow. Seeds oblong, villous. Pappus double or composed of short
hairs intermingled with the long.

Between the A. Rigidus of Pursh, and this species, I can perceive no dis-
tinction.

Grows in dry soils, very common.

Flowers September — November?

43. DiCHOTOMUS. E.

A. foliis arete ses-
silibus, ovalibus, obtu-
sis, pubeseentibus; co-
rymbo subdiehotomo,
ramulis nudis, elonga-
tis. E.

Leaves closely ses-
sile, oval, obtuse, pu-
bescent; corymb some-
what dichotomous,
branches naked, long.

stem about two feet high, very pubescent, dichotomously divided towards
the summit. Leaves oblong, oval, closely sessile and sometimes slightly
cordate. Cory w6 few flowered, peduncles long, naked. Sca^e« of the in^
volucrum linear-lanceolate, very pubescent, scarcely longer than the mature
seeds. Florets of the ray, ten to sixteen, white, tinged with purplej of the
disk numerous, yellowish. 6'eerfs very hairy. Poppw* double.

Grows in damp rich soils — Paris Island.

Flowers October.

44. HuMiLifei.

A. foliis subrhom-
boideis, ovato-lanceo-
latis, utrinque acumina-
tis, subpetiolatis, gla-
bris, margine hispidis;
corymbo divergenti-di-
chotomo, nudiusculo.

Leaves somewhat
rhomboidal, oval-lan-
ceolate, acuminate at
each end, slightly pe-
tiolate, glabrous, his-
pid along the margin;
corymb diverging, di-

ftTNGENESlA SUPERFLUA.

367

paucifloro; involucris
laxis imbricatis; radiis
8-floris.

chotomous, rather na-
ked, few-flowered; in-
voiucrum loose, imbri-
cate, florets of the ray

8.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 20S8. Pursh, 2. p. 548.
A. Cornifolius. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2039.
A. Infirmus. Mich. 2. p. 109-

Leaves lanceolate, acuminate at

Stem one to two feet high, pubescent,
each end, reticulately veined, very conspicuously hairy along the margins
and veins. F/ot/7ers in small terminal corymbs. Sca/es of the involucrum
lanceolate, a little hairy. Florets of the ray about eight, lanceolate, white.
Seed glabrous.

This species appears to me to differ from the A. Amygdalinus in its
leaves, which are larger, thinner, more reticulate, and more hairy, by its
larger radial florets, and by its large glabrous seed.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Pursh. Mich.

Flowers September — October.

45. Amygdalinus. Lam.

A. foliis lanceolatis,
acuminatis, basi at-
tenuatis, glabris, mar-
gine scabris; caule sim-
plici, apiee corymboso;
mvolucris laxis imbri-
catis, squamis lanceo-
latis, sub acutis.

Leaves lanceolate,
acuminate, tapering at
base, glabrous, sca-
brous along the mar-
gin; stem simple, co-
rymbose at the sum-
mit; involucrum loosely
imbricate, the scales
lanceolate, generally
acute.

Mich. 2. p. 109. Pursh, 2. p. 549.
A. Umbellatus. Ait. 3. p. 199.
Chrysopsis Araygdalina. Nutt. 2. p. 153.

Stem about two feet high, striate, a little angled, finely pubescent near
the summit. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate at each end, a little pubescent,
the margin reticulately veined, but the veins not as prominent as in the
preceding species, slightly scabrous on the upper surface. Flotcers in a nu-
merous and terminal corymb. Scales of the involucrum pubescent, scarce-
ly longer than the mature seed, lanceolate, rather acute than obtuse, pubes-

368

SINGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

cent, particularly along the margins. Florets 6f the ray about twelve, ob-
long, narrow, white. Seeds pubescent along the angles. Pappus double.

If this plant should be made the type of a new genus, the species will pro-
bably multiply. I have by me varieties, with the leaves simply acute, not
acuminate, the lowest rather obtuse, the corymbs small; and with leaves
acuminate; with leaves green on both sides and slightl}' glaucous underneath.

Grows on the edges of swamps, in the middle and upper districts of Ca-
rolina.

Flowers August — September.

46. Obovatus. Nutt.

A? foliis sessilibus,
ovalibus, obtusis, inter-
dum obovatis, subrugo-
sis, pubentissimis; co-
rymbis paniculatis; in-
volucri squamis imbri-
catis, appressis. E.

Leaves sessile, oval/
obtuse, sometimes obo-
vate, somewhat rugose,
very pubescent; co-
rymb paniculate: scales
of the involucrum im-
bricate, appressed.

Chrysopsis Obovata. Nutt. 2. p. 152.

Stem about three feet high, branching towards the summit, very pubes-
cent, when young somewhat viscid. Leaves alternate, oval, obtuse, some-
times toothed, mucronate, almost tomentose underneath, three to four in-
ches long, one and an half inches wide. Floioers in a loose paniculate co-
rymb, sometimes pyramidal. Involucrum many leaved, imbricate, leaves
scarcely longer than the mature seed. Florets of the ray ten to thirteen,
Ihree toothed at the summit, white, twice as long as the involucrum; of the
disk numerous, (thirty) yellow. Style scarcely longer than the stamens,
two-cleft, stigmas thick. Seed angular, hispid. Pappus double.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers May — June.

SOLIDAGO.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum, squamis clausis.
Radii coroUulae circi-
ter-5. Pappus sim-
plex, pilosus. Recej)'
iaculum nudum.

Gen. Pl. 1292.

Iiwolucrum imbri-
cate, with the scales
appressed. Florets of
the ray about 5.
Pappus simple, hairy.
Receptacle naked.

SYNGENESIA SUPERPLUA.

969

^ Racemis secundis,
recurvis.

* Racemes seeundy
recurved.

Stem villous; leaves
lanceolate, serrate, tri-
plinerved, scabrous;
racemes paniculate, se-
cund, recurved; florets
of the ray short.

1. Canadensis.

S. caule villoso; fo-
liis lanceolatisjserratis,
triplinervibus, scabris;
racemis paniculatis,
secundis, recurvis; li-
gulis abbreviatis.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2055. Walt. p. 206. Pursb, 2. p. 535. Nutt. 2. p. 159.

Stem two to five feet high, erect, very villous. Leaves lanceolate, the
upper generally entire, always scabrous on the upper surface, sometimes
pubescent underneath, numerous. Flowers in secund racemes, on long
branches recurved at the summit. Scales of the involucrum twelve to six-
teen, oblong, rather obtuse, imbricate, small, appressed. Florets of the
ray yellow as in all of this genus, so short as to seem wanting. Seeds pu-
bescent?

Grows in the mountains of Carolina^

Flowers September — October.

2. Procera? Ait.

S. caule villoso, e-
recto, foliis lanceolatis,
serratis, triplinervibus,
scabris, subtus villosis;
racemis spiciformibus,
erectis, innuptis nutan-
tibus; ligulis abbrevia-
tis.

Stem villous, erectj
leaves lanceolate, ser-
rate, triphnerved, sca-
brous, villous under-
neath; racemes erect,
spiciform, before flow-
ering nodding; florets
of the ray short.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2025. Pursh, 2. p. 535.

In the western districts of Georgia, I met with a species agreeing very
nearly with the T. Procera of Alton. Stem three to five feet high, very
pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, very acute at each end but not acuminate,
-finely serrate; scabrous on the upper surface, covered with a fine pubescence
on the under, conspicuously triplinerved. Flowers in a pyramidal panicle,
the lower branches, perhaps aU, recurved before flowermg. Scales of the

VOL, II. A 3

370

SYN6ENESIA SUPERFLUA.

irivolucrum not numerous, linear, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray rathe?
small. Seed finely pubescent.
Flowers September — October.

3. Reflexa. Ait.

S. caule erecto, vil-
loso; foliis lanceolalis,
subserratis, triplinervi-
biis, scabris, reflexis;
ramis paniculatis, siib-
secundis.

Stem erect, villous;
leaves lanceolate,slight-
ly serrate, triplinerved,
scabrous, reflexed;
branches paniculate,
secund.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2056. Pursh, 2. p. 536.

Leaves narrow lanceolate, acuminate, with about three serratures in the
middle, scabrous, reflected. Racemes of the panicle secund, reflected, short.
Willd.

Grows in pine woods and old fields. New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh.

■ Flowers September.

4. Lateriflora. Lin.

5. caule erecto, pilo-
siusculo; foliis lanceo-
latis, subtriplinervibus,
glabris, margine sca-
bris, inferioribus sub-
serratis; racemis pani-
culatis, subrecurvis,
secundis.

Stem erect, a little
hairy; leaves lanceo-
late, somewhat tripli-
; nerved, glabrous, sca-
brous along the mar-
gins, the lower slightly
serrate; racemes pani-
culatCjSecundjrecurved.

Sp.:pl. 3. p. 2057. Pursh, 2. p. 536.

Plant about half the size of S. Canadensis. Leaves only occasionally
marked with one or two teeth. Besides the terminal panicle the lower part
of the stem has flowering branches. Lin, The Jlowers sue larger, and the
leaves broader than those of the preceding species. Willd.

Grows in dry soils, in woods and old fields. Pursh.

Flowers September — October.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

37]

5, AsPERA. Ait.

S. caule erecto, te-
reti, piloso; foliis ova-
tis, subellipticis, sca-
berrimis, rugosis, ser-
ratis, enervibus; race-
mis paniculatis, secun-
dis.

Stem erect, terete,
hairy; leaves ovate,
somewhat elHptic, very
scabrous, rugose, ser-
rate, without nerves;
racemes paniculate,
secund.

Sp. pi. 3. 2057. Mich. 2. p. 117. Pursh, 2. p. 536.

Stem erect, three to five feet high, very hairy and somewhat scabrous.
Leaves sessile, oval-lanceolate, very scabrous on the upper surface, some-
what scabrous and hairy on the under, acutely serrate. Floioers in a long
terminal panicle. Racemes secund, recurved. Scales of the involucrum
not numerous, linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray small,
yellow, seeds pubescent.

Grows in Carolina. Pursh.

I have not seen this species in the low country; it probably extends along
the range of our mountains.

Flowers in September.

6. Altissima. Lin.

S. caule erecto, hirto;
foliis lanceolatis, infe-
rioribus profunde ser-
ratis, scaberrimis, ru-
gosis; paniculis secun-
dis.

Stem erect, hispid;
leaves lanceolate, the
lower deeply serrate,
very scabrous, rugose;
panicles secund.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 2057. Mich. 2. p. 118. Pursh, 2. p. 536. Nutt. 2. p.
159.

7. RUGOSA. Willd.

S. caule erecto, hirto;
foliis lanceolatis, infe-
rioribus adpresso-ser-
ratis, scaberrimis,rugo-

Stem erect, hispid;
leaves lanceolate, the
lower closely serrate,
very scabrous, rugose;

372

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

sis; racemis paniculae racemes of the panicle
secundis patentissimis. secund, expanding.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2058. Pursh, 2. p. 537- Nutt. 2. p. 159.

These two species are considered by our Botanists now as mere varieties.
I have, therefore, placed them together.

Stem very variable in size, three to seven feet high, robust, very hairy,
branching very profusely towards the summit. Lower leaves sessile, lan-
ceolate, acute, very rugose, very scabrous on the upper surface, scabrous
and hairy underneath, more or less coarsely serrate; upper leaves generally
ovate, with a few serratures. Flowers in large almost corymbose panicles,
composed of small recurved branches. Scales of the involucrum linear-
lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray rather small. Seed pubes-
cent.

There are certainly some remarkable varieties included under this species;
a few I shall enumerate.

o. RuGOSA. Muhl. Stem about three feet high, villous. Leaves finely
serrate, less rugose than those of the other varieties. Flowers in a pyra-
midal panicle.
h. Stem hairy, rough. Leaves very rugose. Lateral branches of the pani-
cle long, slender, slightly recurved.
C. Stem and leaves similar to the last. Branches more robust, producing
numerous recurved racemes; each branch forming a long cylindrical mass
of flowers.
d. Stem softly pubescent. Branches scattered, divaricate, recurved, nearly
simple.

Grows in damp rich soils.
Flowers September — October.

8. ViLLosA. Pursh.

S. caule etecto, vil-
loso; foliis sessilibus,
oblongo - lanceolatis,
subpilosis, enervibus,
inferioribus serrulatis;
racemis paniculatis,
secundis.

Stem erect, villous;
leaves sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, somewhat
hairy, nerveless, the
lower serrulate; ra-
cemes paniculate, se-
cund.

Pursh, 2. p. 538. Nutt. 2. p. 159.

Stem three to five feet high, robust, villous, with many recurved expand-
ing branches near the summit. Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulate,
with a few long scattered hairs along the veins, slightly scabrous, particu-
larly along the margins and midrib; the upper oval or ovate-lanceolate, very
entire, with the axils generally crowded with small leaves. Flowers name-

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

mm

rous, in a terminal panicle, rather small. Racemes secund and recurved.
Scales of the involucrum linear, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray seven
to ten, small; of the disk about five. Seed hairy.

This species, which appears to agree with the Villosa of Pursh, excepting
that the leaves do not merit the epithet of soft, grows very abundantly in
damp rich soils, and is very nearly allied to the S. Altissima.

Flowers September — October.

9. Nemoralis. Ait.

S. caule erecto, to-
mentoso; foliis caulinis
lanceolatis, hispidis,in-
tegerrimis, radicalibus
subcuneiformibus ser-
ratis; racemis panicu-
latis, secundis.

Stem erect, tomen-
tose; leaves of the stem
lanceolate, hispid, very
entire, of the root
somewhat cuneate,
serrate; racemes pani-
culate, secund.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2059. Pursh, 2. p. 537. Nutt. 2. p. 156.

Stem two to three feet high, sparingly branched, covered with a fine
tomentum. Leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base, the larger serrate, not
strongly veined, slightly hispid, sessile, with small axillary clusters at their
base. Flowers in a terminal somewhat corymbose panicle. Scales of the
involucrum linear-lanceolate, only pubescent along the margins. Seed
pubescent.

The whole plant, as remarked by Pursh, has a cinereous hue.

Grows in dry soils, not uncommon in old fields.

Flowers September — October.

10. Ulmipolia. Muhl.

S. caule erecto, vil-
loso, striato; foliis ob-
longo-lanceolatis, ser-
ratis, acutis, subtus
pilosis; supra subsca-
bris; racemis panicu-
latis, secundis; pedun-
ciilis villosis; ligulis
abbreviatis. E.

Stem erect, villous,
striate; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, serrate,
acute, hairy under-
neath; slightly scabrous
above; racemes pani-
culate, secund; pedun-
cles villous; florets of
the ray short.

p. 159.

374 SYNGENESIA SUPERFLl

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2060. Pursh, 2. p. 538. Nutt. 2

Stem three to four feet high, villous, when young almost tomentose, bear-
ing towards the summit many recurved branches. Leaves (of the root ob-
ovate, Pursh,) of the stem oblong-lanceolate, acute, rarely acuminate,
acutely serrate, veiny, slightly scabrous on the upper surface, hairy under-
neath, particularly along the veins. Floioers in an oblong terminal panicle,
the racemes secund and recurved. Scales of the involucrum oblong, nar-
row, rather obtuse. Florets of the ray about seven, scarcely longer than
the involucrum. Seeds pubescent, almost villous.

In changing in some respects the character of this species given by Will-
denow, I have been guided by specimens sent me by Dr. Muhlenberg him-
self, with which plants collected in the western districts of Georgia exactly
agree.

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers September — October.

11. Arguta. Ait.

S. caule erecto, gla-
bro; foliis glabris, ar-
gute inaequaliter serra-
tis, caulinis ellipticis,
radicalibus spathulato-
ovatis; racemis pani-
culatis secundis; ligulis
elongatis.

Stem erect, glabrous;
leaves glabrous, acute-
ly and unequally ser-
rate, those of the stem
elliptic, of the root spa-
thulate-ovate; racemes
paniculate, secund; flo-
rets of the ray long.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2060. Pursh, 2. p. 538. Nutt. 2. p. 159.

Stem two to three feet high, very glabrous, though sometimes a little
pubescent on the young branches, striate, frequently coloured, the branches
long, virgate. Leaves of the root spathulate ovate, very acutely serrate, the
attenuated base two to four inches long; of the stem oblong-lanceolate, ser-
rate, of the branches lanceolate, entire, all glabrous, and somewhat tripli-
nerved. Flowers on recurved racemes forming long terminal panicles.
Scales of the involucrum, as in most of the species, linear-lanceolate, nearly
glabrous. Florets of the ray of a middling size. Seeds minutely pubes-
cent.

Grows in moderately rich, shaded soils.

Flowers in September.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

376

12. CiNERAscENS. SchweiiiUz.

S. caule erectb, gra-
cili, pubescentej foliis
elongatis, lineari-lan-
ceolatis, basi attenua-
tis, serratis, utrinque
subscabris, pubescenti-
bus; racemis recurvis;
pedunculis ligulisque
elongatis. E.

Stem erect, slender,
pubescent; leaves long,
linear-lanceolate, atte-
nuate at base, serrate,
slightly scabrous on
both surfaces, pubes-
cent; racemes recurv-
ed; peduncles and flo-
rets of the ray long.

stem about three feet high, pubescent, slightly scabrous, slender, bearing
towards the summit branches which are slender, rather scattered, almost
horizontally expanding and recurved. Lower leaves three to five inches
long, six to eight lines wide, with a long tapering base, somewhat scabrous
on both surfaces, slightly serrate, the upper distant and small. Flowers of
a middling size in a loose terminal panicle. Racemes secund, the peduncles
frequently three-flowered, and longer than the involucrum. Scales of the
involucrum linear, glabrous. Florets of the ray about five. Seeds pubes-
cent.

The plant I have described agrees in most respects with specimens sent
me under this name from Salem, North-Carolina, by Dr. Schweinitz. ,

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

13. JunceaI

S. caule erecto, gla-
bro, foHis lanceolatis,
glabris, margine sca-
bris, inierioribus serra-
tis; racemis panicula-
tis, secundis.

Stem erect, glabrous,
leaves lanceolate, gla-
brous, with the mar-
gins scabrous; the low-
er serrate; racemes
paniculate secund.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2060. Pursh, 2. p. 538.

Stem about three feet high, slender, virgate, glabrous, with the branches
near the summit, rather scattered, when young pubescent. Leaves long
lanceolate, slightly acuminate, finely and acutely serrulate, and scabrous
along the margins, glabrous, obscurely triplmerved. Racemes secund, re-
curved, forming a sparse terminal panicle. Scales of the involucrum ova!

376

STNGENESIA SUPERFLUAi

or ovate, the exterior generally obtuse, and slightly pubescent. Florets of
the ray few, small. Seed thinly sprinkled with hairs.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina. In sandy, fields and woods.
Pursh.

Flowers September — October.

14. Elliptica? Ait.

S. caule erecto, gla-
bro; foliis ellipticis,
laevibus, serratis; race-
mis paniculatis, secim-
dis; ligulis mediocri-
bus.

Stem erect, gla-
brous; leaves elliptic,
smooth, serrate; ra-
cemes paniculate, se-
cund; florets of the ray
middle sized.

Sp. pi. 3. 2060. Pursh, 2. p. 538. Nutt. 2. p. 159-

I feel doubtful whether the plant I am about to describe really belongs to
the S. ElUptica of Alton. It agrees with it in many respects, but I have
seen no leaves that would merit Miller's epithet of Latissimifolia.

Stent three to four feet high, glabrous, branches towards the summit nu-
merous, obliquely expanding, recurved. Leaves oval-lanceolate, slightly
acuminate, serrate, glabrous, scabrous along the margins, with the veins
moderately conspicuous, stem leaves three to four inches long, one and a
half wide. Flowers numerous in a crowded terminal panicle, racemes
secund, expanding and more leafy than usual in this genus. Scales of the
involucrum linear, acute, glabrous. Florets of the ray about seven, slender.
Seed pubescent.

Grows in damp rich soils. Paris Island.

Flowers September — October.

15. Odora. Ait.

S. caule erecto, pu-
bescente; foliis lineari-
lanceolatis, integerri-
mis, glabris, margine
scabris; racemis pani-
culatis.

Stem erect, pubes-
cent; leaves linear-
lanceolate, entire, gla-
brous, scabrous along
the margins.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2061. Pursh, 2. p. 539. Nutt. 2. p. 159.

Stem about three feet high, branching and pubescent near the summit*
Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, entire, thin, glabrous, but slightly scabrous
along the margins. Racemes recurved, forming a pyramidal panicle.

StNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

377

Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Seed a little
hHiry.

Grows in rich dry soils, principally along- the mountains, Canada to
Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers September — October.

16. Retrorsa. Mich.

S. caule eieclo, ter-
eti, glabro; foliis arete
sessiiibus, lliiearibus,
supeine attenuatis,gla-
bris, pellueido punetn-
tis, reflexis, margine
asperis; paniculae ra-
mis recurvatis. E.

Stem erect, terete,
glabrous; leaves close-
ly sessile, linear, taper-
ing to the summit, gla-
brous, pellucidly dot-
ted, reflexed, rough
along the margin;
branches of the panicle
recurved.

Mich. 2. p. 117. Pursh, 2. p. 539. Nutt. 2. p. 159.

Stem three to four feet high, pubescent towards the summit. Leaves ses-
sile, somewhat amplexicaule, narrow, about twcjnches long, tapering almost
from the base to the summit, slightly mucronate. Panicle composed of
recurved racemes. Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, slightly
fringed, the interior much longer than the exterior. Florets of the ray
Uiree in each head, longer than the involucrumj of the disk three to fourj
yellow. Seeds a little hairy.

Grows in dry soils very common/

Flowers August — October.

17. TORTIFOLIA. E,

S. caule erecto, pu-
bescente; foliis lineari-
lanceolatis, subserratis,
patulis, tortuosis, supra
nervoque scabris, sub-
tus subglabris; pani-
cula py rami data, ra-
cemis recurvis. E.

Stem erect, pubes-
cent; leaves h near-lan-
ceolate, slightly ser-
rate, expanding, twist-
ed, the upper surface
and midrib scabrous,
the under nearly gla-
brous; panicle pyrami-
dal, racemes recurved.

VOL. n.

i^S

378

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

S. Odora. Mich. 2. p. 118.

Stem about three feet high, very pubescent towards the summit. Leaves
numerous, linear-lanceolate, with a few distinct serratures, sometimes pube-
scent underneath, obscurely triplinerved, generally twisted. Flmoers in a
very compact panicle, the racemes handsomely recurved, bearing near the
base, a number of small buds that never mature. Scales of the involucrum
linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray three
to five; of the disk about the same number. Seeds pubescent.

Grows in dry pastures with the preceding, from which, however, it is very
distinct.

Flowers August — October.

18. Pyramidata. Pursli.

S. caule eiecto, te-
reti, hirto; foliis oblon-
gis,acutis, subamplexi-
caulibus, sessilibus^gla-
bris, margine scabris,
rariter obsolete denta-
tis; panicula nuda, py-
ramidata, ramis reflex-
is, pedunculis glabris.

Stem erect, terete^
hispid; leaves oblong,
acute, somewhat am-
plexicaule, sessile, gla-
brous, scabrous along
the margins, rarely and
obsoletely toothed; pa-
nicle naked, secund,
pyramidal, branches
reflected; peduncles
glabrous.

Pursh, 2. p. 537. Nuttall, 2. p. 159-

Stem four to six feet high. Leaves oblong, subovate, acute, margin
remotely serrulate, scabrous, nearly smooth, midrib on the under side pube-
scent, stem roughly pilose, summit virgate; branches small, leafy, panicu-
late, recurved, racemes filiform, secund, pubescent. Peduncles squamose.
Flowers small, ligulate, minute. Seed smooth. Nearly allied to S. Retror-
sa. Nuttall.

Grows in the pine barrens of Georgia.

Flowers August — September. Pursh.

19. CORYMBOSA. E.

S. caule erecto, gla-
bro, ramulis hispidis;
foliis inferioribus ob-

Stem erect, glabrous,
the branches hispid;
lower leaves oblong-

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

379

longo-Ianceolatis, siipe-
rioribus ovatis, omni-
bus carnosis, rigidis,
glabris, margine asper-
rimis ciliatisque; race-
mis corymbosis, inferi
oribus recurvis; ligulis
elongatis. E.

lanceolate, the upper
ovate, all carnose, ri-
gid, glabrous, very
rough and fringed a-
long the margin; ra-
cemes corymbose, the
lower recurved; florets
of the ray long.

stem four to six feet high, robust and virgately erect, branching near the
summit, the young branches hirsute. Leaves closely sessile; the lower
four to six inches long with fine indentations along the margins; the upper
ovate and generally entire, all very rigid. Flowers large for this genus, in a
terminal corymb; the lower branches recurved and secund. Scales of the
hivolucrum oval, fringed or pubescent along the margins. Florets of the
ray about ten; of the disk rather more numerous, all yellow. Seed gla-
brous.

This species is probably allied to S. Laevigata and Mexicana, but appears
to be sufficiently distinct.

Grows in the middle districts of Georgia. Louisville, Mr. Jackson.

Flowers September — October.

20. Sempervirens.

S. caule erecto, gla-
bro; foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, subcarnosis,
laevibus, integerrimis,
margine scabris; race-
mis paniculatis, secun-
dis, pedunculis pilosis.

Stem erect, glabrous;
leaves linear-lanceo-
late, somewhat carnose,
smooth, entire, sca-
brous along the mar-
gin; racemes panicu-
late, secund, peduncles
hairy.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2060. Pursh, 2. p. 538. Nutt. 2. p. l60.

Stem three to six feet high, erect, smooth, with axillary, recurved, some-
what expanding branches towards the summit. Leaves long, linear-lanceo-
late, acute, somewhat carnose, very smooth but scabrous along the margin.
Racetnes axillary, very slender, pubescent, with a small leaf at the base of
each peduncle; partial peduncle longer than the involucrum. Flowers
small. Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate. Florets of the rajs
about five. Seeds slighily pubescent.

Grows in damp rich soils.

Flowers September — October.

380

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

*^ Racemis erectis, \ ** Racemes erect*

21. LiMONiFOLiA. Persoon.

S. caule obliquo,
glabro; foliis lanceola-
tis, subcarnosis, inte-
gerrimis, undique lae-
vibus; racemis paiiicu-
latis, erectis; p' diincu-
lis squamosis, giabris;
ligLilis eiongatis.

Stem oblique, gla-
brous, leaves lanceo*
late, somewhat ear-
aose, entire, smooth on
both surfaces; racemes
panicled, erect; pedun-
cles scaly, glabrous;
florets of the ray long.

Persoon. Syn. 2. p. Nutt. 2. p. 159.

S. Mexicana. Sp. pi. 3. 2063. Pursh, 2. p. 541.

Racemes paniculate, not virgate, secund, nearly naked. Peduncles most-
ly one-flowered, generally pubescent. Flowers large, rays about ten. JRe-
ceptacle punctate, margins of the alveoli pubescent. Nutt. This, I think,
belongs decidedly to the last division of this genus, (racemis erectis,)
Schweinitz.

■'^tern three to five feet high, glabrous, generally purple. Leaves sessile,
somewhat amplexicaule, linear-lanceolate, acute, very glabrous, succulent,
nerved, scabrous along the margins; the lower ones a foot in length. Ra-
cemes paniculate, generally erect, sometimes, though rarely, recurved.
Flowers large. Scales of the involucrum linear, acute. Florets of the ray
seven to ten. Seed pubescent.

I am uncertain whether the plant I have described really belongs to this
species, about which I think there exists some uncertainty. The S. Sem-
pervirens of Michaux evidently belongs to this species or to the S. Lccviga-
ta. In the S. Sempervirens I have followed the authority of Mr. Nuttall.

As the name of Mexicana was inaccurately applied to this species, I have
concurred with Mr. Nuttall in restoring to it, at the suggestion of Persoon,
the original name of Plukenet t. 235. f. 2.

Grows in the neighbourhood of salt water very abundantly.

Flowers August — October.

22. Speciosa. Nutt.

S. caule elato, laevi;
rarais virgatis; foHis
lanceolatis, subcoria-
ceis, margine scabris,

Stem tall, smooth;
branches virgate;

leaves lanceolate,some-
what coriaceous, sea-

SYNOENESTA SUPERFLUA.

381

broLis along the mar-
gins, the lower spa-
ringly serrate;/ racemes
erect, compound; pe-
duncles pubescent; flo-
i ets of the ray 5, long,
seed glabrous.

inferioribus parce ser-
ratis; racemis erectis,
coaipositis; pedunculis
pubescentibus; ligulis
5, elongatis; seminibus
glabris.

Nutt. 2. p. 160.

Stem three to six feet high, smooth, slightly furrowed, the young branches
pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, broad, coriaceous with pellucid veins, the
upper leaves very entire, but scabrous along the margins, the lower remotely
and slightly serrate. Racemes numerous, erect, compound, with the flowers
somewhat crowded towards the summit. Scales of the involucrum oblong,
rather obtuse. Florets of the ray 5, nearly twice as long as the involucrum.
Seed glabrous.

This plant, which appears to agi'ee with the S. Speciosa of Nuttall, grows
abundantly in dry rich soils, in the western districts of Georgia, and near the
Alabama.

Flowers September — October,

23. PUBESCENS. E.

S. caule erecto, ra-
moso, pubescente; fo-
liis longo-lanceolatis,
basi attenuatis, pubes-
centibus, inferioribus
serratis; racemis erect-
is, paniculatis; ligulis
mediocribus. E.

Stem erect, branch-
ing, pubescent; leaves
long-lanceolate, taper-
ing at base, pubescent,
the lower serrate; ra-
cemes erect, panicu-
late; florets of the ray
middle sized.

Stem erect, three to four feet high, pubescent, slightly scabrous, generafly
coloured, with numerous rigidly erect branches towards the summit. Leaves
long-lanceolate; the upper softly pubescent and generally entire, the lower
almost spathulate, slightly scabrous and serrated towards the summit.
Flowers numerous ui a compound terminal panicle. Scales of the involu-
crum subulate, pubescent. Florets of the ray seven to ten, slender. Seeds
minutely pubescent.

This species in habit bears much resemblance to the S. Speciosa; it dif-
fers by its pubescence, by its leaves, which are thinner, nii rower, more
tapering at base, by smaller flowersj it appears also to be allied to the S.

382

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

Viminea, with which I am unacquainted, but differs by its uniform pubes-
cence-

Grows in damp soils near Louisville, Georgia.

Flowers October.

24. Pauciflosculosa.

S. glabra, suffrutico-
sa; foliis lanceolatis,
obtusis, enervibus; pa-
niciila composita, mul-
tiflora, fasciculis erect-
is; iiivolucris oblongis,
5-floris, radio unico.

Mich.

Glabrous, somewhat
shrubby; leaves lance-
olate, obtuse, nerve-
less; panicle compound,
many flowered, the
clusters erect; involu-
crum oblong, 5-flower-
ed; floret of the ray,
one.

This species I have never noticed.

Grows in the dry pine barrens of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers August — October.

25. BicoLOR. Lin.

S. caule foHisque el-
lipticis, pilosis, inferio-
ribus serratis; ramis
foliolosis, racemis erec-
tis; involucri squamis
obtusis.

Stem and leaves
hairy; leaves elliptic,
the lower serrate;
branches leafy; ra-
cemes erect; scales of
the involucrum obtuse.

Sp. pi.
160.

3. p. 2061. Mich. 2. p. 116. Pursh, 2. p. 539. Nutt. 2. p.

Stem erect, two to four feet high, very pubescent. Leaves oblong-lance-
olate, acute, the lower large, attenuate at base, acutely serrate, all covered
with a soft and whitish pubescence. Flowers numerous, rather large, in
short clusters, forming a compact raceme along the upper part of the stem.
Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, slightly pubescent, rather obtuse.
Florets of the ray five to eight, nearly white. Seed pubescent.

Grows in dry soils along the mountains from Carolina to Canada.

Flowers September — October.

STNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

388

26. Petiolaris. Ait.

S. caule erecto, vil-
loso; foliis ellipticis sca-
briusculis, petiolalis;
racemis erectis; ligulis
elongatis.

Stem erect, villous;
leaves elliptic, some-
what scabrous, petio-
late; racemes erect;
florets of the ray long.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2062. Pursh, 2. p. 539. Nutt. 2. p. l60.

Stem two to three feet high, erect, striate, almost furrowed near the sum-
mit, very villous. Leaves large, oval-lanceolate, nearly acute, hairy and
slightly scabrous on the upper surface, almost villous underneath; the upper
ones nearly sessile, the lower attenuated into a sheath-like petiole, four to
six inches long, serrate. Floicers in a long, terminal, somewhat crowded
raceme, composed of small erect branches. Scales of the involucrum ob-
long, slightly pubescent. Florets of the ray six to eight, yellow. Seed
glabrous.

Specimens of this plant collected by Dr. M'Bride are marked as I have
described them. In specimens sent from Pennsylvania by Dr. Muhlenberg,
the leaves are nearly glabrous, only scabrous along the margins, and mor<?
entire.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers August — September.

27. Stricta. Ait.

S. caule erecto, gla-
bro; foUis caulinis lan-
ceolatis, integerrimis,
glabris, margine sca-
bris, radicalibus serra-
tis; racemis panicula-
tis, erectis; pedunculis
glabris.

Stem erect, gla-
brous; leaves of the
stem lanceolate, entire,
glabrous, scabrous a-
long the margins, of
the root serrate; ra-
cemes paniculate, e-
rect; peduncles gla-
brous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2062. Pursh, 2. p. 540. Nutt. 2. p. l60.

About two feet high, very smooth. Pursh.

This species I have never seen. Dr. Schweinitz remarks that with him
ft never branches.

Grows in sandy woods, New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh.

i384

SYNGENESrA StTPERFLUA.

28. ViRGATA. Mich.

S. caule siraplici, lae-
vi: foliis glabris, ob-
longo-lanceolatis, sub-
obtusis, erectis, puncta-
tis, margine scabris,
inferioribus parce ser-
ratis; racemis erectis,
virgatis.

Stem simple, smooth;^
leaves glabrous, ob-
long-lanceolate, rather
obtuse, erect, dotted,
scabrous along the
margin, the lower spa-
ringly serrate; racemes'
erect, virgate.

Mich. 2. p. 117. Pursh, 2. p. 538. Nutt. 2. p. I6O.

Root perennial. Stem very erect, two to four feet high, attenuated to-
wards the summit, striate, nearly glabrous. Lower leaves nearly a foot
long, spathulate-lanceolate, the upper diminishing, sessile, appressed, ob-
long-lanceolate, all nerved, somewhat carnose, scabrous and serrulate along
the margins, sometimes acute, dotted, veins pellucid. Floioers rather large,
in erect, appressed racemes. Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate,
acute, pubescence appressed. Florets of the ray five to seven, with a scale
sometimes attached to the tube of the corolla, of the disk about eight. Seed
striate, hairy. Pappus hairy, somewhat scabrous.

Grows in damp soils, along the margins of swamps.

Flowers June — October.

29. PULVERULENTA.

S. caule simplici, fo-
liisque pulverulento-
pubescente; foliis ses
siUbus, inferioribus el-
lipticis, serratis, supe-
rioribus obovatis, inte-
gerrimis, margine sca-
bris; racemis erectis,
spiciformibus; ligulis
(10) elongatis.

Nutt.

Stem simple and
with the leaves covered
with a pulverulent pu-
bescence; leaves ses-
sile, the lower elliptic,
serrate, the upper obo-
vate, entire, scabious
along the margin; ra-
cemes erect, spiciform;
florets of the ray long.

Nutt. 2. p. 161.

A species which might be confoimded with the preceding, though quite
distinct. Nutt.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

385

Stem three to four feet liigli, attenuated, sometimes reddish. The lower
leaves acute, and somewhat resembUng those ot the Spiraea Salicitbha.

Grows in Georgia and Florida, where it was first detected by Dr. Bald-
win.

Flowers —

Stem simple and with
the peduncles pubes-
cent; leaves lanceolate,
acute at each end, gla-
brous, veiny, scabrous
along the margins; ra-
cemes short, erect, ax-
illary and terminal.

30. Erecta? Pursh.

S. caule siaiplici pe-
dunculisque pubescen-
te; foliis lanceolatis,
utrinque acutis, gla-
bris, venosis, margine
scabris; racemis brevi-
bus, erectis, axillari-
bus terminalibusque.

Pursh, 2. p. 542. Nutt. 2. p. l6l.

Ste7n. about two feet high, erect, simple in my specimens, glabrous, ex-
cepting towards the summits. Leaves lanceolate, somewhat coriaceous,
veined, glabrous, excepting the margins, which under a lens are fringed with
short rigid hairs, acute at base, the lower appearing slightly petiolate, more
uniform in their size than usual in this genus. Racemes axillary, one to
three inches long, erect, rigid, flowers rather large. Scales of the involu-
crum linear, rather obtuse. Florets of the ray seven to ten, pale. Seed
glabrous.

There is great uncertainty still about this species. The plants described
by Pursh, Nuttall, and myself, differ at least in pubescence. The racemes
are collected more towards the summit than in S. Flexicaulis, from which it
is in other respects sufficiently distinct.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers September — October.

31. CcEsiA. Aiton?

S. caule erecto, laevi;
foliis lanceolatis, acu-
minatis, glabris, serra
lis; racemis erectis;
ligulis mediocribus.

Stem erect, smooth;
leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate, glabrous, ser-
rate; racemes erect;
florets of the ray midk
die sized.

VOL. ir»

cd

386

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

Sp. pi. 3. 2062. Pursh, 2. p. 540. Nutt. 2. p. l6l.

Stem two to three feet high, smooth, tinged with purple and having a
glaucous hue, bearing many slender, obliquely expanding branches, heaves
sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, finely and acutely serrate, pale underneath,
slightly scabrous along the margins. Racemes generally erect, sometimes
slightly recurved, not very compact. Scales of the involucrum linear, rather
obtuse, slightly pubescent along the margins; Florets of the ray about five,
rather small. Seed nearly glabrous.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers September.

32. LlTHOSPERMIFOLIA. Willd.

S. caiile ramoso, pu-
bescente; foliis lanceo-
latis, utrinque scabris,
attenuatis, S-nervibus,
integerrimis; racemis
erectis, Jigulis elonga-
tis.

Stem branching, pu-
bescent; leaves lanceo-
late, scabrous on both
surfaces, tapering, 3-
nerved, entire; racemes
erect; florets of the
ray long.

Willd. enum. 891. Pursh, 2. p. 541. Nutt. 2. p. l6l.

This species I have never seen. Dr. Schweinitz, in some valuable MS.
notes on this genus which I have received from him, remarks that its leaves
and their habit determine this species well; rare about Salem, North-Caro-
lina.

Grows in sandy barren soils New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers August — October.

83. Flexicaulis. L.

S. caule flexuoso,
glabro, angulato; foliis
ovatis, acuminatis, ser-
ratis, glabris; racemis
erectis, axillaribus; li-
gulis mediocribus.

Stem flexuous, gla-
brous, angled; leaves
ovate, acuminate, ser-
rate, glabrous; ra-
cemes erect, axillary;
ilorets of the ray mid-
dle sized.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 2064. Mich. 2. p. 1X8. Pursh, 2. p. 542. Nutt. 2. p.
I6l.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

387

Stem two to three feet high, slender, sUghtly flexuous, glabrous. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acutely serrate, glabrous, reticulately veined,
acute at base. Racemes scattered along the stem, small, axillary, erect.
Scales of the involucrum linear, rather obtuse. Florets of the ray about
five; of the disk seven to eight. Seeds hairy.

Under this name I received a specimen from Dr. Muhlenberg which evi-
dently belongs to the S. Axillaris of Pursh. It is distinguished by leaves
narrow-lanceolate, remotely serrulate, acute or very slightly acuminate, and
by compact, somewhat globular racemes clustered along the stem. It ap-
pears to me a very distinct species and was so considered by Dr. Muhlen*
t)erg, who arranged our common S. Flexicaulis as the S. Latifolia. I have
been induced to add this note because the S. Axillaris has been omitted by
Mr. Nuttall in his enumeration of our species; and Dr. Schweinitz remarks,
*'what I call by this name is very doubtful; it may belong to S. Flexicaulis,
but differs in habit."

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia — not common in
the low country.

Flowers September — October.

34. Glomerata.

S. caule humili, sim-
plicissimo; foliis gla-
bris, oblongo-lanceola-
tis, serratis; racemo
simplici, glomerulis
axillaribus; superiori-
bus capitato-congestis;
involucris turgidis,
muitifloris.

Stem humble, sim-
ple; leaves glabrous,
oblong-lanceolate, ser-
rate; raceme simple,
composed of axillary
heads, the upper ones
clustered; involucrum
turgid, many-flowered.

Mich. 2. p. 117. Pursh, 2. p. 542.

Lower leaves broad, oval, acuminate, serrate, nearly allied to Aster.
Nuttall. Distinguished among the rest by its deep and close serratures, and
the capitate form of the axillary racemes. Schweinitz.

This species I have not seen.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Michaux. Near Salem, North-Caro-
lina. Schweinitz.

Flowers —

388

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

35. SauARRosA. Muhl. '

9

e-

Stem erect, branch-
ing, pubescent; leaves
lanceolate, acute, ser-
rate, underneath softly
pubescent, the lower
tapering at base; ra-
cemes compound, erect;
flowers large; involu-
crum squarrose.

S. caule erecto, ra-
moso, pubescente; fo-
liis lanceolatis, acutis,
serratis,subtus moUiter
pubescentibus, inferio-
ribus basi attenuatis
racemis compositis,
rectis, floribus majus-
culis; involucris squar-
rosis. I

Nutt. 2. p. I6l.

Stem erect; robust, three to five feet high, striate, pubescent. Leovea^
except the lowest, sessile, lanceolate, serrate towards the summit; slightly
pubescent on the upper surface, very pubescent underneath. F/owers large,
in compound erect racemes. Involucrum imbricate, the scales lineai, re-
flexed like those of the Aster. Florets of the ray about ten, scarcely longer
Jihan the involucrum; of the disk sixteen to twenty. Seeds glabrous. Pap-
jpus Hairy, scabrous.

I have described the southern species, on which this name was first im-
posed by Dr. Muhlenberg. It appears to differ in some though not very
important characters, from the northern plant described by Mr. Nutt-
all. It is one of our most ornamental species; it has the structure of aa
Aster, with the appearance and peculiar fragrance of a Solidago.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers in September.

36. Angustifolia. E.

S. caule erecto, gla-
bro; foiiis subulato-lin
earibus, integerrimis,
glabris; racemis erec-
tis, paniculatis; ligulis
mediocribus. E.

Stem erect, gla-
brous; leaves subulate,
nearly linear, entire,
glabrous, racemes e-
rect, paniculate; florets
of the ray middle sized.

stem two to three feet high, very glabrous, generally coloured, with many
slender, erect branches near the summit. Leaves sessile, subulate, some-
times lanceolate linear, acute, those of the stem very entire, very glabrous,
though slightly scabrous along the margins, the upper axils frequently bear-

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

S89

log the Tudiment of a small branch, producing numerous small almost seta-
ceous leaves. Flowem in a compound terminal panicle. Branches slender
but generally erect. Scales of the involucruni linear-lanceolate, glabrous.
Florets of the ray seven to ten, slender. Seed slightly pubescent. Allied
to S. V^iminea.

(irows in rich soils. Found on Paris Island, near Beaufort.

Flowers September — October.

87. Salicina. E.

S. caule elato, gra-
cili, superne pubesceu-
te scabriusculo; ramis
virgatis, eloiigatis, e-
rectis; foliis lanceola-
tis, supra scabenimisj
subtiis glabris, inferi-
oribiis senatis; race-
mis subsecimdis, ra-
mulis brevibus, rariter
recurvis. E.

Stem tall, slender,
pubescent towards the
summit, somewhat sca-
brous; branches vir-
gate, long, erect;
leaves lanceolatCjabove
very scabrous, gla-
brous underneath, the
lower serrate; racemes
somewhat secund,

branches short, some-
times recurved.

Stem four to five feet high, when old nearly glabrous, when young pubes-
cent and slightly scabrous, generally coloured and bearing towards the sum-
mit a i'ew slender erect branches one to two feet long. Leaves sessile, the
lower three to four inches long, scarcely one wide, regularly lanceolaie,
very scabrous on the upper surface, very glabrous and paler on the under
surface; the upper ones diminishing in size. Flowers in long slender ra-
cemes, in which the small branches are sometimes recurved. Scales of (he
involucrum oblong, rather acute. Florets of the ray about five, very slender.
Seed nearly glabrous.

This plant, which I can refer to none of our described species, an! of
which the location appears somewhat questionable, is very common in the
oak land in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

38. Elata] Pursh.

S. caule tereti, pilo-
so, superne tomentoso;
foJiis ovali-lanceolalis,

Stem terete, hairy,
tomeniose towards the
summitj leaves oval-

390

STNGENKSIA 3UPERFLUA.

acutiSjSubintegerrimis,
venosis, subtus tomen-
toso-pubescentibus; ra-
cemis erectis, panicu-
latis; ligulis elongatis.
E.

Pursh, 2. p. 543. Nutt. 2. p. l62.

lanceolate, acute, near-
ly entire, veiny, tomen-
tose underneath; ra-
cemes erect, panicu-
late; florets of the ray
long.

t know not whether the species which in unison with Dr. Schweinitz I
am describing as the S. Elata, be the real plant of Pursh, whose description
is very brief. It accords, however, with it in its leading characters.

Stem two to three feet high, terete, pubescent, when young tomentose,
branches erect, not numerous. Leaves sessile, rather small, nearly entire,
with elevated veins, pubescent, underneath almost tomentose. Scales of the
involucrum linear-lanceolate, acute^ pubescent. Florets of the ray seven to
ten, nearly twice as long as the involucrum; of the disk ten to twelve. Seed
glabrous.

Grows in pine barrens near Louisville, Georgia. Mr. Jackson. Salem,-
North-Carolina. Dr. Schweinitz.

flowers September.

39. RiGiDA. L.

S. caule foliisque pi-
losis, scabris; foliis
ovato-oblongis, cauli-
nis integerrimis, infi-
mis serratis; ramis
floriferis paniculatis;
racemis compactis, sub
fastigiatis, ligulis elon-
gatis.

/

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2067. Mich. 2. p.
162.

Stent three to four feet high, slightly angled, very pubesceht, when young
tomentose, branches very numerous, forming a somewhat fastigiate corymb.
Leaves sessile, approximate, very pubescent and scabrous, the upper very
entire. Flowers large for this genus, somewhat clustered near the summits

Stem and leaves hai-
ry, scabrous; leaves
ovate, oblong, those of
the stem entire, the
lowest serrate; flower
bearing branches pani*
culate; racemes com-
pound, nearly fastigi-
ate; florets of the ray
long.

118. Pursh, 2. p. 543. Nutt. 2. p*

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

391

of the branches. Scales of the involucrum oblong, obtuse, pubescent.
rets of the ray seven to ten; of the disk numerous. Seeds glabrous.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers September — October.

Fio-

40. Graminifolia.

S. caule angulato,
ramosissimo; foliis lan-
ceolato-linearibus, in-
tegenimis, erectiiiscu-
lis, 3 — 5 nervibus, sca-
briusculis, nervis sub-
tus pilosis, axillis nu-
dis; corymbis termi-
nalibus, fasligiatis, ra-
mulis capitatis, ligulis
altitudine disci.

Stem angled, bran-
ching; leaves lanceo-
late - linear, entire,
nearly erect, 3 — 5
nerved, a little sca-
brous, the nerves hai-
ry underneath, axils
naked; corymbs ter-
minal, fastigiate, with
the heads clustered;
florets of the ray as
long as the disk.

Chrysocoma Graminifolia. Sp. pi. 1178.
Euthamia Graminifolia. Nutt. 2. p. l62.

Solidago Lanceolata. Willd. Sp. pi. 3. 2060. Michaux var. Major. 2.
p. 116. Pursh, 2. p. 540.

Stem two to three feet high, slightly furrowed, the angles pubescent,
branches very numerous, obliquely expanding. Leaves numerous, lanceo-
late-linear, never wide enough to deserve the appellation of lanceolate, ob-
scurely three to five nerved, the nerves underneath pubescent. Flowers
numerous, clustered, in a terminal corymb. Scales of the involucnim nu-
merous, linear-lanceolate, slightly viscid. Florets of the ray about ten,
short; of the disk not numerous, rarely exceeding six. Seeds villous. Re-
ceptacle setose. Nuttall.

Specimens of this plant from Connecticut agree exactly with ours, ex-
cepting that in our southern species the heads are, I think, smaller, and the
florets of the ray more distinctly exserted.

Grows in damp rich soils; not so common as the succeeding species.

Flowers September — October.

392

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA»

41. TEx\mFOLIA.

S. caule scabro, an-
gulato, corymboso-ra-
moso; foliis angustissi-
me lineaiibus, patulis,
obsolete 3-nervibus,
scabris, axillis foliosis;
corymbis terminalibus
fastigiatis, ramnlis ca-
pita tis, ligulis disco vix
altioribus.

Stem angled, sea*
brous, with fastigiate
branches; leaves very
narrow, linear, expand-
ing, obscurely 3-nei v-
ed, scabrous, the axils
leafy; corymbs termi-
nal, fastigiate, heads
clustered; florets of the
ray scarcely as long as
the disk.

Pursh, 2. p. 540.

Euthamia Tenulfolia. Nutt. 2. p. l62.

Very similar to the preceding species, but every way smaller.

Stem about two feet high. Leaves linear, scabrous along the margins,
obscurely three-nerved, covered with glandular dots. Scales of the involu-
crum viscid. Florets of the ray about ten, not much longer than the invo-
lucrum. Seeds villous.

Grows v^ery common in dry pastures.

Flowers September — October.

ERIGERON. Gen. Pl. 1287.

Invohicrum imbrica-
tum. Corollulce radii
lineares, plurimae.

Pappus duplex, exte-
rior minimus, interior
pilosus. Receptaculum
nudum.

Involucrum imbri-
cate. Florets of the
ray linear, numerous.
Pappus double, the ex-
terior very small, the
interior hairy. Recep'
tacle naked.

1. NUDICAULE.

E. glabrum; foliis
radicalibus spathiilato-
lanceolatis, acutis, sub-

Glabrous; leaves of
the root spathulate-lan-
ceolate^ acute, sliglit.y

StNGENESiA SUPERFLUA.

393

dentatis, caule simpli-
cissimo, siibaphyllo,
elongate; corymbister-
minalibus paucifloris;
radiis longiludine invo-
lucri.

toothed; stem simple,
nearly leafless, long;
terminal corymb few-
flowered, rays as long
as the involucrum.

Mich. 2. p. 224. Pursh, 2. p. 533. Nutt. 2. p. 147.
Doronicum Laevifolium. Walt. p. 205.-*

Root perennial, sparingly stoloniferous. Stem erect, about two feet high,
a little pubescent and scabrous near the summit. Leaves of the root spathu-
l^le-lanceolate, irregularly toothed, glabrous, somewhat succulent; of the
stem similar, but small and scattered, and sotnetimes slightly fringed near
the base. Floicers iew, sometimes only three or four, in a small terminal
corymb. Involucrum imbricate, the leaves subulate, acute, a little hairy at
base. Florets of the ray numerous, (about thirty) linear, obscurely three-
toothed, white, twice as long as the involucrum; of the disk very numerous,
tubular, five-toothed at the summit, greenish yellow. Stamens of the ray
none; of the disk, short. Style short, two-cleft. Stigmas obtuse, appres«*
ed. Seeds hispid. Pappus hairy. Receptacle flat, naked, dotted.

Grows in flat and damp pine barrens.

Flowers May — June; sometimes again in the autumn.

2. BELLIi)IF0LItJ3I*

, inca-
foliis radicalibus

E. hirsutum
num:

obovatis, subserratis,
caulinis sessilibus, spar-
sis, oblongo-lanceola-
tis; caule 3 — 5 floro;
radiis involucro sub-
duplo longioribus.

Hirsute,hoary;leaves
of the root obovate,
slightly serratCj of the
stem, sessile, scattered;
oblong - lanceolate;
stem 3—5 flowered;
rays twice as long as
the involucrum.

Sp. pi. 3. p. :I958. Pursh, 2. p. 502. Nutt. 2. p. 148.
E. Pulchellum. IVIich. 2. p. 124.

Root perennial, stoloniferous. Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, anci
with the Leaves and Involucrum very hairy. Leaves of the root spatiiulate,-
obovate, dentate, the lower stem leaves similar, the upper small, lanceo-
late. Flowers few, terminal, large for this genus, the one on the central
stem, generally larger than those on the lateralbranches. Involucrum some-
what imbricate, but nearly equal in a doiible series; leaves linear-lauceolate,

yoi« IN

D r?

394

3YNGENE3IA SUPERFLUA*

very acute. Florets of the ray linear, ligulate, two-toothed? at the sum-
mit, pale blue, nearly twice as long as the disk; stamens none; style much
longer than the tube, two-cleft; stigma simple, expanding. Florets of the
disk small, tubular, yellowish, five-toothed at the summit. Stamens as long
as the corolla. Style longer than the stamens. Stigma thickened, erect.
Seed oblong, compressed, slightly winged, nearly glabrous. Pappus sca-
brous. Receptacle slightly convex, naked, dotted.

Grows in dry shaded soils, near Beaufort, near Ashley Ferry, Colum-
bia, Mr. Herbemont.

Flowers March — April.

3. Strigosum?

E. pubescens, sca-
briusculum; foliis liue-
ai ibus, elongatis, infe-
rioribus lineari-lanceo-
latis, denliculatis; caule
laxe paniculate; flori-
bus terminalibus.

Pubescent, slightly
scabrous; leaves linear,
long, the lower linear-
lanceolate, denticulate;
stem loosely paniculate;
flowers terminal.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1953.

Doronicum Ramosum. Walt. p. 205?

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, slightly furrowed, a little
scabrous, with the leaves and involucrum clothed with white, appressed
hair, giving the plant a somewhat hoary aspect. Leaves of the root
long, narrow, lanceolate, denticulate; of the stem long, linear, entire. Flow-
ers in a loose terminal panicle. Involucrum imbricate, with the leaves sub-
ulate, appressed. Florets of the ray linear, twice as long as the involucrum,
two to three cleft at the summit, white. Stt/le twice as long as the tube,
slightly two-cleft; stigmas obtuse; seeds oblong, hispid; pappus, the ex-
terior composed of minute scales, the interior wanting. Florets of the disk
very numerous, tubular, yellow, with the border five-cleft. Stamens very
short. Style scarcely longer than the stamens. Seeds hispid. Papptie
double, the exterior composed of minute scales, the interior of a few hairy
rays as long as the corolla. Receptacle slightly convex.

Under the name of E. Strigosum, I received from Dr. Muhlenberg, and
imder that of E. Nervosum, 1 received from Dr. Schweinitz, (Salem, North-
Carolina,) specimens apparently of the same plant. They both differ from
the one I have described in being less hairy, and having the florets of the
ray much wider, in both the interior pappus of the ray was wanting. Per-
haps these are distinct, and may be the E. Nervosum of Pursh, but not of
Willdenow.

Grows in dry sandy pastures.

Flowers May — August.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUi^

4. LoNGiFOLiuM. La Marck.

395

E. glaberrimum;
caule virgatim panicu-
late, rarais strictis; fo-
liis Jongissime-lineari-
bus, strictis; involucris
ovatis; radiis flavis,
vix involucro longiori-
bus.

Pursh, 2. p. 534.

Grows in Carolina. La Marck.
Flowers August— September.
Does it belong to this genus?

Very glabrous; stem
virgately paniculate,
branches strait; leaves
very long, linear,
straight; involucrum
ovate; florets of the ray
yellow, scarcely longer
than the involucrum.

5. Ambiguum. Nutt.

E. pubescens, sca-
briusculum; foliis line-
aribus, inferioribus
subserrulatis; floribus
parvulis, subbinis, axil-
laribus terminalibus-
involucro hemis-

Pubescent, some-
what scabrous; leaves
linear, the lower slight-
ly serrulate; flowers
small, generally in
pairs, axillary and ter-
minal; involucrum he-
mispherical.

que;
phaerico.

Nutt. 2. p. 147.

Stem simple, terete, leafy, eighteen inches high. Leaves two to four in-
ches long, two to four lines wide, attenuated at base. Flowers about eight
to ten, small and pale yellow. Pappus double? Nutt.

This species I have not noticed. The E. Carolinianum of Linnaeus to
Vfhich I was accustomed to refer the E. Strigosum of this sketch, and to
which Mr. Nuttall alludes under this species, if established on the figure of
Dillenius, (Hort. Elth. t. 306. f. 394.) belongs, I think, unquestionably to
{mother genus.

Grows in Georgia.

Flowers.

396

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

6. PHILADELPHICUM?

E. pubescens; foliis
inferioribus cunealo-
obovatis, sinuato-den-
tatis, caulinis oblongo-
lanceolalis, amplexi-
caulibus; floribus sub-
corymbosis; radiis ca-
pillaceis, involucro du-
plo-longioribus.

Pubescent; lower
leaves cuneate, obo-
vate, sinuate, toothed,
stem leaves oblong-
lanceolate, amplexi-
caule; flowers some-
what corymbose; flo-
rets of the ray capilla-
ry, twice as long as the
involucrum.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1957? Mich. 2. p. 223. Pursh, 2. p. 533. Nutt. 2. p. 148.

Root perennial. Stem one to two feet high, slightly furrowed, pubescent,
with the hairs expanding. Leaves of the root sometimes deeply sinuate,
the upper leaves becoming gradually entire, all amplexicaule. Flowers in a
loose corymb. Involucrum many leaved; leaves subulate, nearly equal,
arranged nearly in two series. Florets of the ray very numerous, (one to
t\yo hundred) pale purple, slightly two-cleft at the summit; stamens none;
style longer than the tube, two-cleft: of the disk very numerous, yellow,
five-cleft at the summit; stamens and style about as long as the corolla.
Seed oblong, hispid; pappus pilose, under a lens scabrous.

The exterior pappus is very inconspicuous if not entirely wanting in this
species; the florets of the ray have the interior pappus. This is scarcely
the E. Philadelphicum of Linnaeus.

Grows very common in pastures and fields,

Flowers February — June.

7. QuERciFOLiuM. La Marck.

E. tenue pubescens;
foliis lanceolatis, acutis,
inferioribus sublyratis,
grosse-dentatis, supre-
niis integerrimis; caule
gubsimplici, summitate

Finely pubescent;
leaves lanceolate, acute,
the lowjer somewhat
lyrate, and coarsely
toothed, the upper en-
tire; stem nearly sim-

SyNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

397

S~floro; radiis involu-
cro cluplo longioribus.

pie, few -flowered (3) at
the summit; florets of
the ray twice as long
as the involucrum.

La Marck encyc. 8. p. 491. Pursh, 2. p. 533.

Not above a span hisfh; flowers pale blue or white. Pursh.

I have not been able to refer to the figure of Lam. (illust. t. 681. f. 4.)
for this plant, but it appears to me probable that it is only the preced-
ing^ species which he has described under this name, perceiving that it did
not correspond with the original description of the E. Philadelphicum.

Grows in Carolina.

Flowers July and August. Pursh.

**

Pappo simpHci I ** Pappus simple.
Qcenotus. NattaiL I

8. Canadense.

E. caule hispido, pa-
niculatim ramosissimo;
foliis lineari-Ianceola-
tis, ciliatis; involucris
cylindricis; radiis con-
fertis, involucro vix
longioribus.

Stem hispid, panicu-
late, profusely branch-
ed; leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, fringed; invo-
lucrum cylindrical; flo-
rets of the ray crowd-
ed, scarcely longer than
the involucrum.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1954. Mich. 2. p. 123. Pursh, 2. p. 534. Nutt. 2. p.
148.

Senecio Ciliatus. Walt. p. 208?

Koot annual. Stem two to eight feet high, hairy, diffusely branched.
Leaves long, very narrow, slightly scabrous on the upper surface, the lower
ones sparingly toothed. Floicers racemose on the branches, forming an
oblong panicle. Involucrum imbricate, leaves very narrow, acute, mem-
branaceous at the margins. Florets of the ray capillary, very numerous,
scarcely longer than the involucrum; of the disk four-cleft, yellowish. Seeds
oblong, sprinkled with short hairs. Pappm simple, hairy. Receptacle
naked.

Grows in pastures and fields, very common, preferring dry soils.

Flowers June — September,

398 SYNGENESIA SUPEBFLVA.

9. PUSILLUM. Nutt.

E. gracile; caule gla-
bro; foliis lineari-Ian-
ceolatis, integris, mar-
ginibus scabris; pani-
cula subsimplici, ramu-
lis divaricatis.

Slender; stem gla-
brous; leaves linear-
lanceolate, entire, sca-
brous along the mar-
gins; panicle nearly
si ID pie, the branched
divaricate.

Nutt. 2. p. 148.

Flant small. Stem four to six inches high; panicle simple, somewhat
fastigjate, branches naked, or merely furnished with small scales, each per-
jecting two or three flowers, Nutt.

This small and perhaps doubtful species is also found in Carolina, and if
this section should be established as a genus, new species may be detected.
We have a very large variety six to eight or ten feet high, which I think
will also be found sufficiently distinct from the common E. Canadense.

Grows with the preceding.

Flowers through the summer.

BOLTONIA. Gen. Pl.

Receptaculum favo-
sum, hemisphaericum.
Pappus dentato-aris-
tatus subbicornis. Co-
rollulce radii plurimae.
Jnvolucrum imbrica-
tum.

Receptacle favose,
hemispherical. Pap»
pus awned, 2 generally
conspicuous. Florets
of the ray numerous.
Involucrum imbricate.

1. AsTEROmES.

B. foliis integerrimis;
floribus longe peduncu-
latis; seminibus ovali-

bus, glabris; submuti- scarcely awned.

CIS.

Leaves entire; flow-
ers on long peduncles;
seed oval, glabrous,

SYNGENKSIA SUPERFLUA. 399

Sp. pi. S. p. 2162. Mich. 2. p. 132. Pjirsh, 2. p. 561. Nutt. 2. p,
168.
Chrysanthemum Carolinianum. Walt. p. 204.

Root perennial. Stem, erect, about two feet high, smooth, somewhat stri?
ate. Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate, smooth, with the margins sca-
brous. Panicle composed of a few rigid, one-flowered branches. Involu-
crum imbricate, with the scales subulate, nearly equal. Florets of the ray
linear, entire, white, tinged with pink; of the disk yellow. Seeds com-
pressed, crowned with a five-toothed margin. Receptacle naked, hemisphe-
rical. Sp. pi. 1. c.

Grows along the banks of swamps and ponds in Carolina, Pursh. Wal-
ter appears to have seen this plant. I have not met with it in the low
country of Carolina.

Flowers August — September.

2. Glastifolia?

B. foliis inferioribns
serratis; floribus brevi-
ter pedunciilatis; semi-
nibus obcordatis, con-
spiciie alatis, pubescen-
tibus; aristis pappi 2 —
4y elongatis, scabris.

Lower leaves ser-
rate; flowers on short
peduncles; seed obcor-
date, conspicuously
winged, pubescent;
awns of the pappus 2
— 4, long, scabrous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2l6l. Mich. 2. p. 132. Pursh, 2. p. 56l. Nutt. 2. p,
168..

Root perennial. Stem erect, branching, three to four feet high, slightly
anded, very smooth. Leaves long-lanceolate, acute, somewhat glaucous
with the margins cartilaginous, the lower ones remotely toothed, the upper
ones obscurely five-nerved. Floicers solitar}', on long scattered branches.
Involucrum imbricate, leaves subulate, glabrous, with the margins slightly
serrulate. Florets of the ray about thirty-six, white, with their summits
slightly three-toothed; of the disk numerous, yellow. 5fa;neHS a little lon-
ger than the florets. Sti/le as long as the stamens, two-cleft. Seeds pubes-
cent, compressed, obovate, of the ray thiee-winged; of the disk two-wingedj
the wings fringed. Pappus of ten or more scabrous bristles, of which two,
three, or four are sometimes long, the rest very short.

Grows in the river swamps, common on the Ogeechec.

flowers August — November.

400

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLlJA.

3. DiFFtSA. E.

B. giaberrima; foliis
lineari-lanceolatis,mar-
scabris; pauicula

Leaves linear-lance-
olate, scabrous along
the margin; panicle
diffuse, many flowered;
seed obovate, emargi-
nate, slightly winged;
awns of the pappus 2
long.

gine

diffusa, multiflora; se-
minibus obovatis, e-
marginatis, vix alatis;
aristis pappi duabus
longioribus. E,

Root perennial? Sfe7}i two to three feet long, striate, glabrous, branching'
diffusely almost from the root, branches slender, expanding. Leaves two
to three inches long, glabrous, entire? scabrous along the margins. Floid-
ers small, numerous, in a loose spreading panicle. Peduncles one to two
inches long, one-flowered. Scales of the involucrum linear, imbricate, gla-
brous. Florets of the ray numerous, linear, nearly white; of the disk nu-
merous, yellow. Seed obovate, compressed, emarginale, scarcely winged
the crown fimbriate, or fringed with small bristles, of which two are muclr
longer than the rest and are about one third of the length of the seed.

Grows in damp rich soils between the Chatahouchie and Alabama*

Flowers September — Octoberr

CHRYSANTHEx^^rUM. Gen. Pl. 1307.

Receptaculum nu-
dum. Pappus nullus.
Calyx hemisphaericus,
imbricatus, squamis
marginaUbus membra-
naceis.

Receptacle naked*
Pappus 0. Calyx he-
mispherical, imbricate.
Margins of the scales
membranaceous.

1, Leucanthemum.

C. foliis amplexicau*
libus, lanceolatis, ser-
ratis, basi inciso denta-
tis: caule erecto, ra-
moso.

Leaves amplexicaule,
lanceolate, near the
base deeply notched
and toothed; stem e-
rect, branching.

9YNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

401

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2122. Pursh, 2. p. 52G. Nutt. 2. p. lG8.
Chrysanthemum serotinum. Walt. p. 206.

Root perennial. AYez/i one to two feet high, sparingly branched, nearly
glabrous. Leaves alternate, sessile, amplexicaule, glabrous, oblong, toothed
or notched, towards the base nearly pinnatifid. Flotoers solitary on the
branches. Involucrum imbricate, leaves subulate, glabrous, with the mar-
gins membranaceous. Florets of the ray about thirty, white, obscurely
three-toothed at the summit; of the disk very numerous, yellow. Stamens
short. Style longer than the stamens, two-cleft. Seeds furrowed. Recep-
tacle naked.

Grows in clay soils. An exotic now naturalized, particularly in the up-
per country.

ilowers May — July.

HELENIUM. Gen. Pl. 1299.

Involucrum simplex,
multipartitum. Corol-
hike radii semitrifidae.
Pappus paleaceus, pa-
leis 5, aristatis. Re-
ceptaculum globosiim,
nudum, radii paleace-
um.

Involucrum simple,
many parted. Rays of
the corolla deeply 3-
cleft. Pappus chaffy,
chaff 5 awned. Rc'
ceptacle globose, nak-
ed, of the ray chaffy.

1. AUTUMNALE.

H. foliis lanceolatis,
serratis, decurrentibus;
floribus corymbosis;
corollulis disci 5-fidis;
radii planis, reflexis.

Leaves lanceolate,
serrate, decurrent;
flowers in corymbs;
florets of the disk 5-
clcft; of the ray flat,
reflexed.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 1120. l\Iich. 2. p. 133. Pursh, 2. p. 560. Nutt. 2. p.
172.

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, branching towards the
summit, glabrous and winged by the decurrent leaves. Lcawrs alternate,
sessile, doubly serrate, glabrous. Flowers in small corymbs, thf; peduncles
pubescent near the summit. Jnvolurrum eight-parted, the segp.K nts subu-
late, entire, twice as long ns the disk. Florets of the ray about ten, ohovate^

VOI-. ir. K ^

402

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

tliree-toothed at the summit, strongly nerved, yellow; of the disk numerouSj
yellow, tubular, five-cleft at the summit. Anthers a little longer than the
florets. Seeds somewhat angular, increasing towards the summit. Pappus
composed of five to six membranaceous scales, ovate, acuminate, mucronate,
lacerate, shorter than the florets of the disk. Receptacle nearly globular,
naked, excepting that between the florets of the ray are interposed subulate,
entire scales as long as the florets of the disk.

Grows in wet soils, along the margins of fresh water rivers — very com-
mon.

Flowers October — November.

2. Q,UADRIDENTATU3I.

H. foliis angusto-
lanceolatis, integris,
latius decurrentibus;
flosculis disci quadri-
dentatis.

Midi.

Leaves narrow lan-
ceolate, entire, widely
decurrent; florets of
the disk 4-toothed.

Mich. 2. p. 132. Pursh, 2. p. 560. Nutt. 2. p. 173.

Michaux describes this plant as growing in Carolina. Nuttall mentions
it as seen by him in Louisiana. Pursh speaks of it also as a Mississippi
plant, and says that its flowers are smaller than those of the preceding spe-
cies. I have a specimen wiiich I was once disposed to consider as belonging
to this species, it differs, however, in several respects, but as it is imperfect I
shall briefly notice it in this place.

Sfetn about three feet high, winged, the wings less conspicuous than those
of the H. Autumnale, pubescent. Upper leaves remote, linear-lanceolate,
pubescent, entire; the lower ones in my specimen wanting. Flowers solitary,
terminating the small branches. Involucrum about twelve-parted? Florets
of the ray obovate, with the summit three or four toothed, yellow, larger
than those of the H. Autumnale; of the disk very numerous, four or five
parted. Seeds hispid, covered with scales rather than with hair. Pappus
composed of six ovate acuminate, mucronate scales. Receptacle oblong,
resembling that of the Rudbeckia.

Grows in the swamps of Carolina.

Flowers September — October.

ECLIPTA. Gen. Pl. 1316.

Involucrum poly-
pliyllum/oliis subaequa-
libus. CoroUuUe disci

Iiwoluci^um
leaved, the
nearly equal.

many

leaves

Florets

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

403

quadrifidae. Pappus 0.
Receptaculum setosum.

of the disk 4-cleft.
Pappus 0. Receptacle
bristly.

1. Erecta.

E. erecta, diclioto-
ma, strigosa; foliis
lanceolatis, basi atten-
uatis, rariter serratis;
pedunculis geminis, e-
longatis; involucri foli
olis ovatis, acuminatis.
Pursh.

Erect, dichotomous,
strigose; leaves lance-
olate, attenuate at
base, rarely serrate;
peduncles by pairs,
long; leaves of the in-
volucrum ovate, acu-
minate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2217. Pursh, 2. p. 561. Nutt. 2. p. l69.

Plant annual. Leaves op(iosite, sessile, lanceolate, serrate, triplinervedj
remote. Peduncles by pairs, long Flowers small, white. Lin.
Grows in dry gravelly soils, Virginia to Florida. Pursh.
Flowers June — July.

2. Procumbens. Mich.

E. procumbens as-
surgensve; foliis longo
lanceolatis, inferne an-
gustatis, rariter serra-
tis; involucri foholis
acute lanceolatis; flos-
culis quadrifidis. Mich.

Procumbent or as-
surgent; leaves long
lanceolate, narrowed
near the base, sparing-
ly serrate; leaves of
the involucrum acutely
lanceolate; florets qua-
drifid.

Mich. 2. p. 129. Pursh, 2. p. 562. Nutt. 2. p. l69.

Root annual? Stem procumbent, one to two and a half feet long, terete,
sometimes turgid below the joints, branches numerous, opposite, radicant,
and with the whole plant sprinkled with rigid appressed hairs. Leaves
sessile, triplinerved, opposite. Peduncles about an inch long, generally in
pairs, but never, I believe, opposite. Involucrum eight to ten leaved;
leaves lanceolatCj serrate, fringed, arranged in one series but unequal in sijse,

404

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

longer than the florets of the ray. Florets of the ray numerous, (twenty-
four to thirty,) shorty Hnear, white, two-toothed; of the disk tubular, white,
four-cleft. Stamens four, as long as the florets of the disk; style as long as
the stamens. Seed four-angled, roughened with tubercles, with a thick
margin around the summit, crowned with a pappus composed of short,
white, setaceous, deciduous bristles irregularly arranged. Receptacle bristly,
the bristles almost setaceous, fringed, as long as the seed.

Grows in damp soils — very common.

Flowers June — October.

3. Brachypoda. Mich.

pros-
Ian ceo-

E. divaricate pros-
trata; foliis lanceolatis,
rarissime serratis; pe-
dunculis solitariis ge-
minisque, brevibus; in-
volucri foliolis ovali
lanceolatis; flosculis
quinquefidis. Mich.

Mich. 2. p. 130. Pursh, 2. p. 562. Nutt. 2. p. 169-
Amellus Carolinianus. Walt. p. 213.

This species, probably by its close resemblance to the preceding, has
eluded my notice. Of many plants of this genus which I have examined, I
have never found one with the florets of the disk five-cleftj yet Walter and
Michaux both mention this character.

Grows in low sandy fields, Purshj in Carolina, Mich.

Flowers July — September.

Divaricate,
trate; leaves
late, very sparingly
serrulate; peduncles
solitary and in pairs,
short; leaves of the in-
volucrum oval-lanceo-
late; florets 5-cleft.

ANTHEMIS. Gen. Pl. 1312.

Involucrum hemis-
phericum, subaequale.
F lores radii plures
quam 5. Pappus nul-
lus s. margo membra-
naceus. Receptaculum
paleaceum; paleis pla-
r.is, apice acuminatis,
rigidis.

Involucrum hemis-
pherical; nearly equal.
Florets of the ray more
than 5. Pappus 0, or
a membranaceous mar-
gin. Receptacle chaffy,
chaff flat, acuminate at
the summit, rigid.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

40S

1. CoTULA.

A. receptaculis coni-
cis, paleis setaceis; se-
minibus nudis, foliis
bipiiinatis, foliolis sub-
uiatis tripaititis.

Rpceplacle conic;
chaff setaceous; seed
naked; leaves bipin-
nate, leaflets subulate,
three-parted.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2181. Walt. p. 211. Nutt. 2.p. 171.

Root annual. Stem one to two feet high, erect, slightly angled, pubes-
cent, with the segments linear, acute. Flowers in terminal corymbs. In-
volucrum many leaved. Leaves narrow lanceolate, pubescent, arranged
nearly in two series. Florets of the ray about twelve, white, twice or thrice
as long as the disk; of the disk very numerous, yellow, tubular, with tlie
border five-cleft. Seed a little angular, a little roughened, naked, slightly
inucronate. Receptacle conic, chatly towards the centre of the disk; the
scales subulate, very narrow, shorter than the florets.

An exotic now extensively naturalized.

Grows in damp clayey soils.

Flowers May — ^June.

ACHILLEA. Gen. Pl. 1313.

Invohicrum ovatum,
imbricatura. Corollu-
Ice radii circiter 5.
Pappus null us. 7?e-
ceptaculum paleaceum.

Involucrum ovate,
imbricate. Florets of
the ray about 5. Pap'^
pus 0. Receptacle
chaffy.

1. Millefolium.

A. fohis bipinnatifi-
dis, pilosis, laciniis Hn-
earibus, dentatis, mu-
cronatis; caulibus sul-
catis.

Leaves bipinnatifid,
hairy, the segments
linear, toothed, mucro-
nate; stem furrowed.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 2208. Pursh, 2. p. 563. Nutt. 2; p. 171.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, pubescent. Leaves doubly
pinnate, the segments linear, acute, dissected and toothed, all glabrous.
Flowers with terminal corymbs. Involucrum many leaved, imbricate,

406

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

scales ovate and lanceolate, hairy. Florets of the ray about five, white; of
the disk more but not very numerous, white, tubular. Pappus none. Re-
ceptacle chaffy. Scales ovate, lanceolate, acute.

An exotic like the preceding, not so generally naturalized, but found very
frequently around buildings.

Flowers June — August.

ACMELLA. Rich.

Involucrum paucifo-
lium, foliis duplici se-
rie. Semina tetragona,
apice truncata, nuda.
Receptaculum oblong-
um, paleaceum.

1. Repens.

A. caule repente; fo-
liis ovato lanceolatis,
denticulatis, tripliner-
vibus, parce pubescen-
tibus; pedunculis axii-
laribus, terminalibus-
qiie, longissimis, imi-
floris. E.

Involucrum few lea-
ved, leaves in a double
series. Seeds 4- angled,
truncate at the summit,
naked. Receptacle ob-
long, chaffy.

Stem creeping; leaves
ovate-lanceolate,tooth-
ed, triplinerved, a little
pubescent; peduncles
axillary and terminal,
very long, one-flower-
ed.

Pers. Syn. 2. p. 473. Nutt. 2. p. Ifl.
Anthemis Repens. Walt. p. 211. Pursh,
Spilanthus Repens. Mich. 2. p. 131.

p. 562.

jRoo^ perennial. Stem one to two feet long, recumbent, pubescent, tak-
ing root at the lower joints. Leayes opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acute, at
base attenuated into a semiamplexicaule petiole about an inch long.
Flowers solitary, near the summit of the stem, peduncles three to four in-
ches long. Involucrum composed of about twelve leaves arranged in a dou-
ble series, leaves ovate-lanceolate, very acute, equal, pubescent. Florets of
the ray about twelve, yellow, unequally three-toothed, twice as long as the
involucrum; of the disk numerous, tubular, with the border five-cleft. An-
thers short, yellow. Style longer than the florets of the disk, two-cleft.
Seeds oblong, obovate, compressed, naked. Receptacle chaffy. Scales
obovate, acuminate, yellow.

Grows in wet soils.

Flowers September — October.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

407

HELIOPSIS. Persoon.

Involucrum imbrica-
tum, sqiiamis ovatis,
subequaljbus. Corol-
lulce radii lineares.
Pappus niillus. Semi-
na tetragoria. Recep-
taculum coniciim.

Involucrum imbri-
cate, the scales ovate,
nearly equal. Florets
of the ray linear. Pap*
pus 0. Seeds 4-an-
gled. Receptacle co-
nic.

1. LiEVIS.

Persoon, 2. p. 473- Pursh, 2. p. 563. Nutt. 2. p. 172.
Buphthalmum Helianthoides. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2236. Walt. p. 212. Micli.
2. p. 130.

Root perennial. Stem two to four feet high, glabrous, dichotomously
branching. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, triplinerved, coarsely ser-
rate, nearly smooth, and glabrous. Flotoers solitary, terminal, and in the
divisions of the stem, on long peduncles. Involucrum many leaved, imbri-
cate, leaves oblong, rather obtuse. Florets of the ray oblong, yellow, about
ten? of the disk numerous. .Seecfe four-angled, naked. Receptacle conx^x,
scaly, the scales longer than the seeds.

Grows in dry sandy soils — not common in the low country of Carolina.

Flowers May — June.

TETRAGONOTHECA. L'Heritier.

Involucrum mono-
phyllum, 4-gonumv 4-
partitum, latissimum.
Pappus nulliis. Re-
ceptaculum paleaceum.

Involucrum one-lea-
ved, 4-angled, 4-part-
ed, very broad. Pav^
pus none. Receptacle
chaffy.

1. Helianthoides.

Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2116. Pursh, 2. p. 563. Nutt. 2. p.
Polymnia Tetragonotheca. Walt. p. 2l6. Mich. 2. p. 147-

R^ot perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, two to three feet high, branch-
ing, somewhat hispid, and with the whole plant scabrous. Leaves opposite.

408

SVNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

sessile, spathulate-Ianceolate, dentate, hairy, sprinkled with glandular atoms,
Floicers solitary, axillary and terminal. Involucrum one-leaved, deeply
four-parted, the segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, hairy on the outer surface,
glabrous within, the margins reflected and united render the involucrum
four-angled, and in some measure four-winged. Florets of the ray six to
eight, large lanceolate, unequally three-toothed, yellow; of the disk nume-
rous, (about fifty,) tubular, yellowish, with the margin five-cleft. Anthers
longer than the florets of the disk. ^ Styles longer than the stamens, two-
cleft. Stigmas reflexed. Seeds obovate, slightly angled, pubescent at the
summit. Pappus 0. Receptacle conic, chaffy, the scales lanceolate, acu-
minate, nerved, sprinkled with glandular dots.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers May — June, and frequently again in the autumn.

BUPHTHALMUM. Gi n. Pl. 1231.

Iiwolucrmn foliace-
um. Seminum latera,
praesertim radii margi-
nata. Pappus margo
obsoletus, sive 4-den-
tatus. Receptaculum
paleaceum.

Involucrum leafy.
Angles of the seeds,
especially of the ray,
winged. Pappus an
obsolete margin, some-
times obscurely 4-
toothed. Recejytacle
chaffy.

1. Frutescens.

B. foliis oppositis, Leaves opposite, cii-

cmieato - lanceolatis, neate lanceolate, car-

carnosis, incanis; peti- nose, hoary; the peti*

olis bidentatisj caule oles 2-toothed; stem

fruticoso. shrubby.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 20G4. Wall. p. 212. Mich. 2. p. 130. Pursh, 2. p. 563.
Nutt. 2. p. 172.

A small shrubby plant with stoloniferous roots. Stem one to two het
high, glabrous, pubescent at the summits, branching. Leaves opposite, ses-
sile, semiamplexicaule, entire, obscurely three-nerved, glaucous, the attenu-
ated base two to five toothed, sometimes on the branches one or none.
Flowers solitary, terminal, Involucrum many leaved, imbricate; leaves
lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, expanding. Florets of the ray ten to
twelve, yellow, lanceolate, nearly acute at the summit; of the disk numerous,

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

409

longer than the invohicrum, yellowish, five-cleft. Styles and stamens about
as long as the florets of the disk. Seeds of the ray three; of the disk four
angled, crowned with a four-toothed membrane, the angles very acute. iJe-
ceptacle flat, impressed, chaflfy; chaff^ obovate, acuminate, with a rigid point,
pubescent.

Grows along the margin of salt water.

Flowers June — October.

2. Angustifolium.

B. foliis alternis, lin-
earibus, superne latio-
ribus, integerrimis,
glabris; involucri folio-
lis acute lanceolatis.

Pursh.

Leaves * alternate,
linear, broader near
the summit, entire, gla-
brous; leaves of the
involucrum acutely
lanceolate.

pursh, 2. p. 564. Nutt. 2. p. 172.

With this species, which was described by Pursh from specimens in the
Herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks, I am unacquainted. It was found proba-
bly in Florida by Bartram.

Grows in Georgia and Floridfi* Pursh.

Flowers —

SIEGESBECKIA. Gen. Pl. 1320.

Involucrum exterius
5-phyllum, patens. Ra-
dius dimidiatus. Semi-
na subtetragona. Pap-
pus nullus. Recepta-
culum paleaceum.

Exterior involucrum
5 leaved, expanding.
Florets of the ray
small. *S^eec/ somewhat
4-angled. Pappus 0.
Receptacle chaffy.

1. Laciniata.

S. foliis laciniato-
pinnatifidis, superiori-
bus lanceolatis, inte-
gris, tuberculatis; in-

Leaves laciniate pin-
natifid, the upper lan-
ceolate, entire, rough-
ened with tubercles;

VOL. lU

f3

410

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

voliicro exteriore bre-
viore; flosculis radii
maximis.

exterior involucrum
short; florets of the
ray very large.

Encyc. Bot. 7- p. 158. Persoon Syn. 2. p. 471. Nutt. 2. p. 170.

This plant, which was inserted in the Encyclopedia Methodique by La
Marck? has not recently been seen in this country. I have inserted it, as it is
said to belong to Carolina, and at the same time to note that the expanding
involucrum and large ray by no means apply to the Verbesina Sinuate.
Whether really a native of the United States remains perhaps yet to be
ascertained.

Grows in Carolina. La Marck. Persoon.

VERBESINA. Gen. Pl. 1317.

Involucrum poly-
phyllum, foliis duplici
ordine. Corollulce ra-
dii circiter 5. Pappus
2-aristatus. Recepta--
culum paleaceum.

Involucrum many
leaved, the leaves in a
double series. Florets
of the ray about 5.
Pappus 2-awned. Re-^
ceptacle chaffy.

1. VlRGINlCA.

V.

alato^

caule angusto
foliis alternis
lato-lanceolatis sub-
serratis; corymbo

composito, invplucris
oblongis pubescentibus.

Stem narrow wing-
ed; leaves alternate,
broadjianceolate, some-
what serrate; corymb
compound, involucrum
oblong pubescent.

Sp. pl. 3. 2222. Walt. p. 213. Mich. 2. p. 134. Pursh, 2. p. 564.
Nutt. 2. p. 170.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, three to six feet high, furrowed
pubescent, towards the base irregularly winged by the decurrent leaves.
Leaves alternate, spathulate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed, hairy, and
scabrous on the upper surface, almost tomentose underneath. Flowers nu-
merous in a terminal corymb. Involucrum many leaved, imbricate; leaves
oblong, pubescent, shorter than the disk. Ffore^s, of the ray about three,
white, oval, two to three toothed; of the disk about fifteen, tubular, nearly
white, with the border five-cleft. Seeds four-angled, compressed, hairy,

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

411

crowned with two scabrous bristles. Receptacle flat, chaflfy. Scales ob-
long, obovate, somewhat acute, hairy, a little shorter than the florets.

Grows in the middle country of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers August and September.

Leaves alter nate,
sessile, sinuate, attenu-
ate at base; flowers in
corymbs, white; invo-
lucrum imbricate.

2. SiNUATA.

V. foliis alternis, ses-
silibus, sinuatis, basi-
attenuatis; floribus co-
rymbosis, albis; invo-
lucris imbricatis.

V. Laciniata. Nutt. 2. p. 170.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, four to six feet high, pubescent,
striate, and towards the base irregularly winged. The upper and lowest
leaves frequently spathulate, ovate, acute and acuminate, the intermediate
deeply sinuate, with the sinuses obtuse and the lobes generally acute, all
scabrous on the upper surface, pubescent underneath. Involucrum about
ten-leaved, leaves pubescent, slightly obovate, scarcely half as long as the
disk. Florets of the ray three to five, white, oval, twice as long as the
disk; of the disk twelve to twenty, tubular, with the border five-cleft. An-
thers as long as the corolla, like those of the preceding species nearly black.
Seeds cuneate, obovate, compressed, winged, crowned with two awns, the
awns and wings hairy. Receptacle small, chafiy. Scales lanceolate, con-
cave, compressed, acute, pubescent, a little longer than the seeds.

I sent specimens of this plant to Dr. Muhlenberg many years ago, under
the name of V. Sinuata; as it still appears to me the most appropriate name
I have retained it.

Grows on the sea islands in sandy soils, Eddings' Island, Hilton Head.

Flowers October and November.

3. SlEGESBECKIA. Micll.

V. caule alato; foliis
oppositis, ovato-lance-
olatis, utrinque acumi-
natis, acute serratis; co-
rymbo brachiato; ra-
mulis summitate irre-
gulariter multifloris.

Stem winged; leaves
opposite, ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate at each
end, acutely serrate;
corymb brachiate;

branches irregularly
many flowered at the
summit.

412

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2224. Mich. 2. p. 134. Pursh, 2. p. 565. Nutt. %
p. 170.

V. Occidentalis. Walt. p. 213.
Siegesbeckia Occidentalis. Lin. Gron.

"Root creeping, perennial. 8tem herbaceous, erect, four to six feet high,
pubescent, four-winged, branches opposite, brachiate. Leaves large ovate,
acuminate, acutely and irregularly toothed, triplinerved, pubescent, some-
what scabrous, abruptly attenuated at base into a petiole one to two inches
long. Floioers in large somewhat fastigiate corymbs, the small branches or
peduncles alternate. Involucrum eight to ten leaved, loosely imbricate,
the leaves oblong, obtuse, pubescent, the interior resembling scales. Florets
of the ray one to three, yellow, lanceolate, three-toothed at the summit,
nearly an inch long; of the disk twenty to twenty-four, tubular, yellow, five-
cleft at the summit. Seeds obovate, compressed, hispid, crowned with two
hairy awns. Receptacle flat, chaffyj scales lanceolate, acuminate, pubes-
cent, as long as the florets of the disk.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers June — August.

SYNGENESIA KRUSTRANEA.

ACTINOxVIERIS. Nuttall.

tiwolucrum poly-
phyllum, squamis sub-
aequalibus (biseriatis?)
Radii corollulm 4 — 8
(12.) Receptaculum
paleaceum squamis se-
mina amplexicaulibus.
Semina compressa,
marginata, aristis dua-
bus persistentibus.

involucrum many
leaved, scales nearly
equal (in 2 series?) Flo-
rets of the ray 4 — 8
(12.) Receptacle chdS'
fy, the scales embrac-
ing the seed. Seeds
compressed, margined,
2 persistent

bearing
awns.

1. Helianthoides? Nutt.

A. foliis lanceolatis,
acutis, serratis, subtus
villosis, scabris; caule
alato; panicula pauci-
flora, radiis elongatis.

Leaves lanceolate,
acute, serrate, villous
underneath, scabrous;
stem winged; panicle
few flowered; florets of
tho ray long.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA. 413

Nutt. 2. p. 181.

Stem three to four feet high, nearly terete but conspicuously winged,
slightly scabrous. Leaves lanceolate, acute, serrate, slightly scabrous, vil-
lous undeilieath, very slightly canescent, three to five inches long, two to
three wide. Flowers in a small terminal. corymb. Scales oftheinvolu-
crum ovate and oval lanceolate, nearly equal, hispid, arranged in two series.
Florets of the ray ten to twelve, narrow lanceolate, one and a half to two
inches long, bright yellow: of the disk numerous, yellowish. Seeds com-
pressed, very slightly winged, hairy, crowned with two persistent awnS
about one third of their own length. Receptacle rather convex, chatl'y, the
chaff lanceolate, concave, rather longer than the body of the seeds.

Grows near Louisville, Georgia. Mr. Jackson.

Flowers —

2. SaUARROSA. Nutt.

A? caule erecto, ala-
to, superne pubescente;
foliis lanceolatis, ser-
ratis, scabris; panicula
laxa, foliosa; involucre
patente; receptaculo
subgloboso.

Stem erect, winged,
pubescent towards the
summit; leaves lanceo-
late, serrate, scabrous;
panicle loose, leafy;
involucrum expanding;
receptacle nearly glo-
bose.

Nutt. 2. p. 181.

Coreopsis Alternifolia, Sp. pi. 3. p. 2257-

V^rbesina Coreopsis, Mich. 2. p. 134. Pursh, 2. p. 565.

a Flava.

Plant three to seven feet high, erect, winged, glabrous when old. Leaves
broad lanceolate, acute, serrate, scabrous, tapering at base to a short petiole.
Flowers in a terminal panicle. Scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate,
expanding, finally reflexed, arranged in one? series. Florets of the ray
about four, nearly an inch long, linear-lanceolate, expanding or reflexed,
yellow; of the disk numerous. Seed compressed, slightly winged, a little
hairy, crowned with two persistent awns. Chaff of the receptacle ovate-
lanceolate, rather longer than the seeds.

b Alba.

Stem, leaves and panicle very similar to those of the preceding variety.
Leaves narrow lanceolate, very scabrous and dotted on the upper surfice.
Scales of the involucrum about eight, linear-lanceolate, shorter than the
disk, expanding or reflexed, arranged in a single series. Florets cf the ray
none; of the disk numerous, white, glabrous. Seeds obovate, compressed,

414

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

pubescent. Receptacle globose, chaff ovate-lanceolate, slightly acuminate,
fringed.

Grows, variety a in the upper countr^^ of Carolina and Georgiaj b in the
low country of Carolina.

Flowers August — October.

HELIANTHUS. Gen. Pl. 1322.

Receptaculum pale-
aceum, planum. Pap-
pus diphylliis, caducus.
Involucrum imbrica-
tum, subsquarrosum^
foliaceum.

Receptacle eh 9 ffy ,
flat. Pappus 2-leaved,
caducous. Involucrum
imbricate, generally
squarrose, leafy.

^ Florihus disci I * Florets of the disk
atro purpureis. I dark purple.

1. Atrorubens.

H. hispidus; caule
superne nudiusculo laxe
paniculato; foliis spa-
thulatisjoblongo-ovatis,
crenatis, triplinervibus,
supra scabris; involucri
squamis ovato-lanceo-
latis, longitudine disci.

Hispid; stem naked
towards the summit,
loosely paniculate;

leaves spathulate, ob-
long ovate, crenate,
triplinerved, scabrous
on the upper surface;
scales of the involucrum
ovate-lanceolate, as
long as the disk.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 2254. Walt. p. 2l6. Mich. 2. p. 140. Pursh, 2. p. 570.
Nutt. 2. p. 177.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, three to four feet high, muricate, with
a few long branches, heaves opposite, spathulate, but tapering at base,
ovate, acute, toothed, scabrous on the upper surface, hairy and rather soft
underneath, triplinerved, paler underneath; those near the base crowded
and nearly a foot long, the upper ones small, sessile, and almost connate.
Flowers in a loose terminal panicle. Involucrum many leaved, (twenty to
twenty-lour,) imbricate, leaves slightly obovate, ciliate, erect. Florets of

9YNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

415

the ray (fourteen) lanceolate, nerved, yellow, about an inch long; of the
disk numerous, tubular, dark purple. Seeds oblong, four-angled, compress-
ed, a little hairy on the summit, crowned with two long, fringed, deciduous
awns. Receptacle convex, chaffy, the chaff nearly as long as the corolla,
concave, keeled, three-cleft at the summit, the middle segment long and
with the keel fringed.

Grows generally in dry soils.

Flowers September — October.

2. Sparsifolius. E.

H. caule scabro, ra-
miilis subglabiis; ibliis
ovatis, acutis, grosse
dentatis, hispidis, iitrin-
que scaberrimis, ab-
rupte in petiolum an-
gustatis; involucri

squamis ovali-lanceola-
tis, ciliatis; disco atro
rubente.

Stem scabrous, the
branches nearly gla-
brous; leaves ovate,
acute, coarsely toothed,
hispid, very scabrous
on both surfaces, ab-
ruptly contracted into
a petiole; scales of the
involucrum oval-lance-
olate, ciliate; disk dark
red.

To the H. Atrorubens this plant bears a strong affinity. It is larger,
however, and its leaves instead of tapering to the base with a slight acumi-
nation, abruptly terminate on hispid petioles two to three inches long; they
are broader also, much more rough, particularly on the under surface, and
are coarsely and irregularly toothed.

Stem four to five feet high, with long slender generally smooth branches.
Leaves opposite, distant, the upper nearly sessile. Flowers in a loose scat-
tered panicle. Florets of the ray about fourteen, bright yellow; of the disk
numerous, dark purple. Leaves of the involucrum about as long as the
disk, finely fringed. Pappus subulate. Chaff of the receptacle lanceolate,
nearly entire.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — October.

3. Angustifolius.

H. caule gracih, sca-
briusculo; foliis angus-
to-lanceolatis, margine

Stem slender, slight-
ly scabrous; leaves
narrow lanceolate, with

416

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

revolutis, scabris, inte-
gris, subtus subglaucis,
superioribus alternis;
involucri squamis line-
ari-lanceolatis, ciliatis,
patenlibus; paleis tri-
dentatis. E.

the margin revolute,
scabrous, entire, glau-
cous underneath, the
upper ones alternate;
scales of the involu-^
crum linear-lanceolate,
ciliate, expanding;

chaff 3-toothed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2244. Walt. p. 216. Mich. 2. p. 141. Pursh, 2. p. 572.
Nutt. 2. p. 178.

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, pubescent, sparingly branch-
ed. Leaves opposite below, alternate near the summit of the stem, scabrous
on the upper surface, pubescent and somewhat rough underneath. Flowers
small, terminal. Leaves of the involucrum very acute, as long as the disk.
Florets of the ray about twelve, about an inch long, yellow; of the disk dark
purple at the summit. Seeds compressed. Pappus setaceous, fringed,
about half as long as the seed. Receptacle convex, chaff concave, slightly
three-cleft at the summit.

Grows in damp soils, most common in wet pine barrens.

Flowers August — October; sometimes in April.

** Florihus disci I ** Florets of the
Jlavescentibus, I disk yellowish,

f Foliis omnibus op^ I f Leaves all oppo'
posiiis. I site.

4. Truncatus. Schweinitz.

H. caule gracili, gla-
bro; foliis oppositis
ovatis, superne attenu-
atis, serratis, pilosis,
scabris, arete sessili-
bus; involucri squamis
ovato-lanceolatis, cilia-
tis; paleis lanceolatis.
ciliatis pubescentibus-
que. E.

Stem slender, gla-
brous; leaves opposite,
ovate, tapering towards
the summit, serrate,
hairy, scabrous, closely
sessile; scales of the
involucrum ovate lan-
ceolate, ciliate; chaff
lanceolate, cihate, pu-
bescent.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

417

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, slender, simple, sometimes
divided at the base, sflabrous. Leaves all opposite, abruptly rounded at
base, triplinerved, paler underneath. Flowers few, small, terminal. Pe-
duncles or small branches generally opposite. Leaves of the involucrum
about as long as the disk, somewhat hispid on the inner surface. Florets of
the ray ten to twelve, narrow, scarcely an inch long; of the disk not numer-
ous, yellowish. Pappus subulate. Chaff of the receptacle undivided, pu-
bescent, and fringed along the summit.

Sent to me under this name by Dr. Schweinitz from Salem, North-Caro-
lina. Found abundantly in the western districts of Georgia. The latter
rather more hispid and rough than my specimens from North-Cavolinaj in
all other respects exactly similar.

Flower* August — October.

5. LoNGiFOLius. Pursh.

Very glabrous; stem
paniculate, the branch-
es bearing a few flow-
ers at the summit;
leaves nearly sessile,
very long, lanceolate,
tripHnerved, entire, the
lower serrate; scales
of the involucrum o-
vate, acute, the exte-
rior linear, divaricate.

H. glaberrimus; cau-
le paniculato, ramis
summitate paucifloris;
foliis subsessilibus lon-
gissime-lanceolatis, tri-
plinervibus, integerri-
mis, inferioribus serra-
tis; involucri squamis
ovatis, acutis, exteri-
oribus linearibus, diva-
ricatis.

Pursh, 2. p. 571.

Perennial. Stem three to four feet high, (four to seven, Pursh,) very
glabrous, tinged with purple. Leaves six to eight inches long, four to six
lines wide, glabrous, obscurely triplinerved, generally entire, tapering to-
wards the base, yet finally connate, forming a short sheath; near the root
numerous, along the stem very distant. Flowers in a small terminal co-
rymb, the branches alternate. Scales of the involucrum ovate-lanceolate,
nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray about ten, small for this genus. Pap'
pus subulate, caducous. Scales of the receptacle lanceolate, concave, con-
spicuously three-toothed.

This species, which agrees in habitat and character with the H. Longifo-
lius of Pursh, is certainly remarkable. It has all the artificial, and I believe,
essential characters of Helianthus, with the aspect of an aquatic Coreopsis.

Grows in damp rich soils in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

VOL. II.

q3

418 3YNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

6. PUBESCENS.

H. cano-pubescens;
caule villoso, foliis ses-
silibus, cordato-ovatis,
amplexicaulibus, tripli
nervibus, crenulalis,
mollissimis; involucri

squamis
villosis.

lanceoiatis,

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2244. Pursh, 2. p. 570. Nutt. 2.
H. Canescens, Mich. 2. p. 140.

Pubescent, hoary;
stem villous; leaves
sessile, cordate-ovate,
amplexicaule, tripli-
nerved, crenulate, very
soft; scales of the in-
volucrum lanceolate,
villous.

p. 177-

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, erect, nearly simple, vil-
lous, hoary. Leaves all opposite, cordate, ovate, acute, sessile, pubescent,
soft excepting the margins which are very scabrous, the nerves and veins
prominent, and apparently bordering the young leaves. Flowers few, rarely
exceeding two to three, terminating the small branches. Involucrum imbri-
cate, scales somewhat subulate, acute, very villous. Florets of the ray
(fourteen to sixteen) lanceolate, nearly entire, yellow or rather tawny; of
the disk numerous, tubular, yellowish, five-cleft, pubescent at the summits.
Stamens and styles as long as the florets. Seeds compressed, a little hairy.
Pappus composed of two membranaceous, concave, subulate scales, fringed,
and about half the length of the seed. Receptacle convex, chaffy; the chafT
lanceolate, concave, acute, entire, hairy towards the summit.

Grows around ponds near the Flint River, Georgia. Along the "Federal
Road" from Milledgeville to the Alabama.

Flowers August — September.

7. Mollis. Willd.

H. caule inferne lae-
vi, superne scabriuscu-
lo; foliis ovato-lanceo-
lalis, acutis, serratis,
supra scabris, subtus
pubescentibus, albo to-
mentosis; floribus pau-
cis.

Stem smooth below,
scabrous near the sum-
mit; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute, serrate,
scabrous on the upper
surface, pubescent and
haory underneath; flow-
ers few, terminal.

terminalibus.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2240. Pursh, 2. p. 572. Nutt. 2. p. 178

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

419

Moot perennial, creeping. Stem herbaceous, three to six feet high, pur-
ple, smooth, slightly scabrous near the summit. Lower leaves opposite, the
upper alternate, all ovate-lanceolate, very acute, with glandular serratures,
pubescent and somewhat glaucous underneath. Petioles short, fringed.
Flowers ievf, in a terminal panicle. Involucrum imbricate, leaves (twenty-
three to twenty-seven) oblong, lanceolate, hairy, fringed. Florets of the
ray about ten, lanceolate, hairy, yellow, about an inch long; of the disk
numerous, yellowish. Stamens and styles scarcely as long as the florets of
the disk. Seeds compressed. Pappus acuminate, hairy. Chaff of the
receptacle concave, three-cleft at the summit, hairy near the summit and
along the keel.

This plant agrees in many respects with the H. Mollis as described by
Pursh, biit it certainly is not the H. Tomentosus of Michaux. A variety
in the low country with the leaves pubescent and only slightly glaucous, I
have always considered as the H. Laevis of Walter, but Walter's name
could scarcely be retained to a plant which in reality has nothing smooth
about it but the lower part of the stem.

Grows in dry, moderately fertile soils.

Flowers July — August.

8. HispiDULus. E.

H. caule scabro; fo-
liis oppositis, sessili-
biis, ovato-Ianceolatisj
superne attenuatis, ser-
rulatis, supra scabris,
subtuspallidioribusjhis-
pidulis; involucri squa-
mis ovato-lanceolatis,
ciliatis; paleis tridenta-
tis. E.

Stem scabrous; leaves
opposite, sessile, ovate-
lanceolate, tapering to-
wards the summit, ser-
rulate, scabrous on the
upper surface, paler
underneath and slight-
ly hispid; scales of the
involucrum ovate-lan-
ceolate, ciliate; chaiF
3-toothed.

Root perennial. Stem erect, scabrous, three to four feel high. Leaves
long, narrow, tapering to their summits, triplinerved, very obscurely serru-
lated. Flowers (ew, terminal. Peduncles opposite, the upper pair gene-
rally longer than the stem. Leaves of the involucrum ovate-lanceolate, as
long as the disk^ scabrous, ciliate. Florets of the ray eight to ten, about an
inch long, yellow; of the disk numerous. Pappus subulate, pubescent.
Chaff of the receptacle nearly as long as the florets of the disk, three-tooth-
ed, hairy along the back and summits.

Grows in the pine barrens near Louisville, Georgia. Mr. Jackson.

Flowers September — October.

420

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA*

9. Strumosus.

,H. foliis ovatis, acu-
minatis, serratis, tri-
plinervibus, subtus
scabris; involiicri squa-
mis lineari-lanceoiatis,
basi ciliatis. Willd.

Leaves ovate, acu-
minate, serrate, tripli-
nerved, scabrous un-
derneath; scales of the
involucrum linear-lan-
ceolate, ciliate at base.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2242. Pursh, 2. p. 571. Nutt. 2. p. 178.

My friend Dr. Schweinitz sent me under this name a plant of which the
following is a brief description. The short and defective account of this
species in Willdenow and Pursh, does not enable me to ascertain whether
we have all described the same plant.

Root perennial. Stem tall, slender, sparingly branched, glabrous. Leaves
lanceolate, sometimes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, conspicuously serrate,
thin, slightly scabrous on both surfaces, paler and sprinkled with hairs un-
derneath, on short petioles, the lower opposite, the upper alternate. Flow-
ers small, few, terminal. Leaves of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, about
as long as the disk, ciliate, with the hairs nearly obliterated towards the
summit. Florets of the ray eight to ten, yellow, about an inch long; of the
disk not numerous. Pappus nearly setaceous. Chaff of the involucrum
nearly as long as the florets, pubescent near the summit, with two lateral
teeth not opposite.

Collected near Salem, North-Carolina, and to be found most probably
along the base of the Alleghany mountains in Carolina and Georgia.

Var. a. Pallidus.

From Louisville, Georgia, I have received a specimen which at present I
can only arrange as a variety of the preceding. Stem very slender. Leaves
all opposite, narrow, lanceolate, long, tapering to the summit but scarcely
acuminate, very thin, nerves prominent, slightly scabrous, light green, but
paler and pubescent underneath. Flowers few, small, terminal. Leaves of
the involucrum fewer than in the preceding variety, shorter than the disk,
fringed. Florets of the ray eight? small; of the disk not numerous. Sta^
mens longer than the florets of the disk. Pappus setaceous. Chaff" of the
receptacle pubescent, entire or three-toothed at the summit. The chaft', the
involucrum, and the opposite narrow leaves seem to mark this as a distinct
species. Sent by Mr. Jackson.

10. Tenuifolius. E.

H. caule laBvigato;
foliis opjiositis, ovato-
laaceolatis, acuminatis,

Stem smooth; leaves
opposite, ovate-lanceo-
late, acuniinate, coarse-

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

42tlf

grosse serratis, utiin-
que scabriusculis, loiige
petiolatis, meml)raiia-
ceis; involucri squamis
Linceolatis, cilialis; flo-
ribus parvis. E.

ly serrate, a little sca-
brous oil both surfaces,
on long petioles, mem-
branaceous; scales of
the invokicrum lanceo-
late, ciliate; flowers
small.

Root perennial. Stem about four feet high, terete, glabrous. Leaves
large, opposite, on petioles two to three inches long, spathulate ovate, thin-
ner than those of any other species with which I am acquainted, excepting
those of H. Strumosus, slightly scabrous, not hairy on the upper surface,
paler and a little pubescent on the under. Flmoers iew, small, terminal.
Leaves of the involucrum lanceolate, fringed, appressed, as long as the disk.
Florets of the ray about ten? yellow, about an inch long; of the disk not
numerous. Seed obovate, compressed. Pappus subulate, pubescent.
Chaff of the receptacle slightly tridentate, fringed at the summit and along
the back.

In structure and habit very similar to H. Spathulatus, but with thinner
leaves, longer petioles, and smallei flowers.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — October.

11. Spathulatus. E.

H. caule superne
scabro; foliis oppositis,
spathulato-ovatis, pau-
lo acuminatis, serratis;
supra scabris subtus
pubescentibus; ramulis
oppositis; involucri
squamis lanceolatis,
hispidis; paleis acumi-
natis, integris. E.

Stem scabrous near
the summit; leaves op-
posite, spathulate-o-
vate, slightly acumi-
nate, serrate, scabrous
on the upper surface,
pubescent underneath;
branches opposite;
scales of the involu-
crum lanceolate, hispid;
chaff acuminate, entire.

Root perennial. Stem four to six feet high, terete, striate, scabrous to-
wards the summit, branches iev/, and in my specimens with the leaves always
opposite. Leaves ovate, with long, tapering, slightly acuminated summits,
as in almost every species triplinerved, abruptly attenuated at base into a
petiole about half an inch long, pubescent and soft undernenth. Flowers

422 SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

terminating the branches. Leaves of the involucrum lanceolate, with taper-
ing subulate summits, about as long as the disk. Florets of the ray ten to
twelve? yellow, about an inch long, pubescent, slightly emarginate; of the
disk numerous. Seed four-angled, rather long. Pappus subulate, pubes-
cent. Chaff of the receptacle not as long as the florets of the disk, acumi-
nate, very hispid just below the summit.

I have a variety of this plant differing with narrower, oval-lanceolate
leaves, and very prominent serratures.

To the H. Macropbyllus of Willd. this plant appears to bear a strong
resemblance. But Pursh places that species, with which I am unacquainted,
among those with alternate leaves, while in this plant they are uniformly
opposite. The size of the leaves would hardly justify Willdenow's specific
name.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August to October.

12. Tricuspis. E.

H. foliis oppositis,
oblongis, ovato-Iance-
olatis, utrinque scabris;
involucri squamis lato-
subulatis, ciliatis; re-
ceptaculi paleis tricus-
pidatis.

Leaves opposite, ob-
long, ovate-lanceolate,
scabious on both sur-
faces; scales of the in-
volucrum broad subu-
late, cihate; chaff of
the receptacle 3-cuspi-
date.

Root perennial. Sfetn three to four feet high, and with the whole plant
very scabrous, branches and leaves very regularly opposite. Leaves much
whitened on the upper surface by the blistered epidermis; of a dull uniform
brown colour, though very scabrous underneath, triplinerved, Avith the mar-
gins revolute, nearly entire. Floioers few, terminating the branches. Invo-
lucrum many leaved, leaves subulate, wide at base, the interior rather longer.
Florets of the ray fourteen to sixteen, about one and a half inches long, yel-
low. Stamena longer than the florets of the disk. Seed compressed. Pap'
pu6 nearly as long as the seed, subulate, lacerate. Chaff of the receptacle
tricuspidate, the middle segment the largest and somewhat acuminate.

This plant in its artificial character resembles much the H. Decapetalus,
but it is a much harsher and coarser plant, and its opposite leaves and
branches also distinguish it. The chaff of the receptacle is more deeply
three-cleft than in any other species which I have examined. To the H.
Scaberrimus it is much more nearly allied.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

SYNGENE9IA FRUSTRANEA.

42S

18. DiVERSlFOLIUS. E.

H. caule scabro; fo-
liis oppositis, inferioii-
biis ovato-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, superiori-
bus cordato-ovatis, mu-
cronatis, omnibus su-
pra scaberrimis, subtus
pubescentibus; involu-
cri squamis lanceolatis,
ciliatis; paleis sub tri-
dentatis. E.

Stem scabrous; leaves
opposite, the lower
ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minate, the upper cor-
date ovate, mucronate,
all scabrous on the up-
per surface, pubescent
underneath; scales of
the involucrum lanceo-
late, ciliate; the chaff
slightly 3-toothed.

Root perennial. Stem three to five feet high, very scabrous, with branches
and leaves opposite. Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulate, with a ta-
pering base, the upper abruptly contracted, nearly entire, all on hispid peti-
oles two to three lines long. Leaves of the involucrum imbricate, scarcely
as long as the disk. Florets of the ray ten to twelve, yellow, scarcely an
inch long; of the disk numerous. Pappus subulate, concave, pubescent,
longer than the seed. Chaff of the receptacle hairy at the summit, with two
small but very distinct lateral teeth.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia. Somewhat resembling the H.
Tricuspis but very distinct.

Flowers August — October.

14. SCABERRIMUS. E.

H. foliis
lanceolatis,
scaberrimis,
gerrimis;

squamis ovatis; recep-
taculi paleis integris,
dorso cihatis.

oppositis,

utrinque

subinte-

involucri

Leaves opposite,
lanceolate, very sca-
brous on both surfaces,
nearly entire; scales of
the involucrum ovate;
chaff of the receptacle
entire, fringed on the
back.

Root perennial. Ste7)i four to six feet high, very scabrous and very spa-
ringly divided. Leaves lanceolate, with a long taperin,<? base, whitened and
blistered on botli surfaces, opposite. Flotcers very fpv- Involucrum many
leaved, leaves ovate, finely fringed, appressed, imbricate, the interior the

424

STNGENESIA FRDSTRANEA.

longest. Florets of the ray sixteen to twenty, about an inch long; of the
disk numerous. ■Pappus nearly as long as the seed, subulate, pubescent.
Chaff of the receptacle concave, entire at the summit.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

ft Foliis
bus alter nis.

superiori'

*

Upper
ternate.

leaves aU

15. Trachelifolius.

H. foliis ovato-lance-
olatis, acuminatis, ser-
ratis, triplinervibiis,
utrinqiie scaberrimis;
involucri squamis line-
ari-lanceolatis, ciliatis,
exterioribus longiori-
bus.

Leaves ovate-lance-
olate, acuminate, ser-
rate, tripli nerved, very
scabrous on both sur-
faces; scales of the in-
volucrum linear-lance-
olate, ciliate, the exte-
rior the longest.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2241. Pursh, 2. p. 570. Nutt. 2. p. 177-
H. Gigas, Mich. 2. p. 141.

Root perennial. Stem erect, three to four feet high, branching towaida
the summit, very scabrous. Leaves narrow, ovate-lanceolate, slightly acu-
minate, with glandular serratures, attenuated at base into a short petiole,
tomentose and rough 'underneath, the upper surface whitened by the blis-
tered and scabrous epidermis. Flowers in a loose terminal panicle. Invo-
lucrum many leaved, leaves subulate, fringed. Florets of the ray ten to
twelve, yellow, of the disk very numerous. Seed obovate, compressed,
glabrous. Pappus subulate, very acute, a little pubescent. Scales of the
receptacle concave, three-toothed and hairy at the summit.

Grows near the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers in September.

16. ToMENTOSUS.

H. caule aspero; fo-
liis ovato-Ianceolatis,
superne attenuatis, a-
cutis, serrulatis, supra
scabris, subtus tomen-

Stem rough; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, taper-
ing to the summit, a-
cute, serrulate; sca-
brous on the upper

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

425

tosis, plerumque alter-
nis; iiivolucri squamis
foliaceis, sqnarrosis,
lanceolatis; paleis trifi-
dis. E.

surface, tomentose un-
derneath, generally al-
ternate; scales of the
involucrum leaf-like,
squarrose, lanceolate;
chaff 3-cleft.

stem four to six feet high, pubescent and scabrous, sparingly branched.
Upper leaves alternate, very long, ovate and oval-lanceolate, sometimes
slightly acuminate, with fine and distant serratures. Floioers terminal,
rather large, on short and robust peduncles. Leaves of the involucrum
longer than the disk, ciliate with long tapering hispid summits. Florets of
the ray twelve to fourteen, yellow; of the disk numerous, five-cleft, with the
summits hairy. Seeds four-anglecl, slightly compressed. Pappus subulate.
Chaff of the receptacle three-cleft, hairy towards the summit, the middle
segment much larger than the lateral.

This plant appears to me to approach very near to the H. Tt)mentosus
of Michaux; it is not the H. Mollis of Willd.; perhaps these plants, hitherto
united, are really distinct.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia, and between the Chatahouchie
and Alabama rivers.

Flowers August—October.

17. Decapetalus.

H. foliis ovatis, acu-
minatis, remote serra-
tis, triplinervibus, con-
coloribus, supra sca-
bris, subtus pubescen-
tibus, scabriusculis; in-
volucri squamis ovato-
lanceolatis, subaequali-
bus, ciliatis.

Leaves ovate, acu-
minate, remotely ser-
rate, triplinerved, uni-
formly coloured, sca-
brous on the upper sur-
face, pubescent under-
neath, slightly sca-
brous; scales of the in-
volucrum ovate-lance-
olate, nearly equal,
fringed.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 2241. Pursh, 2. p. 571. Nutt. 2. p. 178.

Root perennial. Stem three to four feet high, pubescent, scabrous, branch-
ing. Leaves towards the summit alternate, somewhat spathulate, the peti-
oles fringed at base. Floioers in terminal panicles, large. Leaves of the

VOL. II.

h3

426

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

involucrum long, equal, almost subulate but wide at base, beautifully fringed^
Florets of the ray ten to twelve, lanceolate, yellow, nearly two inches long;
of the disk numerous. Anthers longer than the florets of the disk. Seed
Ions', compressed. Pappus subulate, much shorter than the seed, a little
hairy. Chaffof the receptacle shorter than the florets of the disk, fringed
near the summit.

Grows in dry soils, Pursh. Louisville, Georgia, Mr. Jackson.

Flowers August — October.

18. MULTIFLORUS.

H. foliis triplinervi-
bus, scabris, inferiori-
bus corclatis, super ior-
ibus ovatis; radio mul-
tifloro; involucri squa-
mis lanceolatis.

Leaves triplinerved,
scabrous, the lower
cordate, the upper o-
vate; florets of the ray
numerous; scales of the
involucrum lanceolate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2239. Pursh, 2. p. 572. Nutt. 2. p. 178.

Root perennial. The lower leaves cordate, triplinerved. Stem and
peduncle scabrous. Leaves of the involucrum forty to fifty, loosely imbri-
cate, not squarrose. Florets of the ray very numerous.

Grows in dry mountain woods from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursb,

Flowers July — September.

19. GlGANTEUS.

H. foliis alternis,
lanceolatis, serratis,
scabris, obsolete tripli-
nervibus, utrinque at-
tenuatis, subsessilibus,
basi ciliatis; involucri
squamis lanceolatis cil-
iatis.

Leaves alternate,
lanceolate, serrate, sca-
brous, obscurely tripli-
nerved, tapering at
each end, nearly ses-
sile, ciHate at base;
scales of the involu-
crum lanceolate, fring-
ed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2242. Pursh, 2. p. 571. Nutt. 2. p. 177-

Root perennial. Stem very tall, branching, a little rough, particularly
near the summit. Leaves generally attenuate, oblong, scabrous on the upper
surface, paler and nearly smooth underneath. Flowers in a loose terminal

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

427

panicle. Imwiucrum many leaved; leaves linear-lanceolate, hairy, frincfed,
rather longer than the disk. Florets of the ray twelve to fourteen, (twenty,
Willd.) lanceolate, yellow, not large; of the disk, very numerous, Anthers
longer than the florets of the disk. Seed compressed, glabrous. Pappus
subulate, longer than the seed. Chaff of the receptacle hairy at the summit,
with two slight lateral teeth.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina.

Flowers August — October.

20. Altissimus.

H. foliis alternis,
ovato-lanceolatis, ser-
ratis, scabris, tripliner-
vibus, apice attenuatis,
petiolatis; petiolis cili-
atis; iiivolucri squamis
lanceolatis, ciliatis.

Leaves alternate,
ovate-lanceolate, ser-
rate, scabrous, tripli-
nerved, tapering to-
wards the summit, on
petioles; petioles frin-
ged; scales of the invo-
lucrum lanceolate, frin-
ged.

571.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2273. Nutt. 2. p. 178. Pursh, 2. p.

Resembles the preceding; but the stem is smooth and purple. Leaves
petiolate, broader and almost ovate-lanceolate. Leaves of the involucrum
shorter. F/ore^s of the ray about sixteen. VVilld.

With this species I am unacquainted.

Grows in mountain meadows from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July to September.

21. DlVARICATUS.

H. caule glabro, ra-
inosissimo; foliis ovato-
lanceolatis, triplinervi-
bus, supra scabris, sub-
tus glabriuscuhs; pani-
cula multiflora, floribus
minimis.

Stem glabrous, bran-
ching; leaves ovate-
lanceolate,triplinerved,
scabrous on the upper
surface, glabrous un-
derneath; panicle ma-
ny flowered, flowers
very small.

428

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 570.
Nutt. 2. p. 177.

Walt. p. 215? Mich. 2. p. 141. Pursh, 2. p. 570.

Root perennial. Stem five to six feet high, glabrous, di and tri-choto-
mously divided, the branches much more numerous than usual in this genus.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulate, with a long, tapering, somewhat acumi-
nate point, scabrous on the upper surface, pubescent and sprinkled with
glandular dots underneath, the lower ones opposite, the upper generally
alternate, on petioles three to six inches long. Flowers very small, nume-
rous, in terminal panicles. Involucrum imbricate, the leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, very acute, fringed. Florets of the ray five to ten? yellow, slightly
three-toothed; of the disk tubular, yellowish, not very numerous. Anthers
longer than the florets. Seed compressed. Pappus two very slender awns,
hairy. Chaff of the receptacle concave, as long as the florets of the disk,
hairy and slightly angled near the summit.

(rrows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.

Var, a. Ferrugineus.

I place under this name a plant I received from Louisville, Georgia,
which agrees with the preceding in size, habit, and conformation of the
leaves and panicle; it differs in having its flower larger, its chaff more con-
spicuously three-clt^ft, the leaves more strongly serrate, all with the under
surface ferruginous, almost tomentose, and covered with glandular dots.

22. Aristatus. E.

H? caule erecto, sca-
bro; foliis inferioribus
oppositis, arete sessili-
bus, ovali-laneeolatis,
aeulis, dentatis, sca-
bris, subtus pilosis;
corymbo paueifloio;
seiniiiibus eompressis,
aiistis (2) persistenti-
bus. E.

Stem erect, sca-
brous; lower leaves op-
posite, closely sessile,
oval-lanceolate, acute,
toothed, scabrous, hai-
ry underneath; flowers
few, corymbose; seeds
compressed, awns 2,
persistent.

Stem two to three feet high, scabrous, branches rather slender, not nume-
rous, the lower opposite, the upper sometimes alternate. Leaves pale green,
veiny, not nerved, oval-lanceolate, irregularly toothed, sessile, the upper
sometimes alternate, not decurrent. Flowers in a small terminal corymb.
Peduncles slender, rather long. Scales of the involucrum ovate-lanceolate,
imbricate, pubescent. Florets of the ray narrow, about one and a half in-
ches long, yellow. Scales of the receptacle ovate, oblong, rather longer

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

429

than the seed, which they almost envelope. Seed compressed, obovate,
"with two persistent rather unequal awns.

I insert this species with some hesitation. Its seed and receptacle are
those of an Actinomeris, while its involucrum and habit approach nearly to
the Helianthus. It belongs perhaps to an intermediate genus.

Grows in dry sessile soils in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers September — October.

With the arrangement of the species in this genus I am not satisfied, but
it may serve to facilitate examination. The division into opposite and alter-
nate leaved species is, I suspect, not to be strictly relied upon. I have still
some specimens which I have not described. The western districts of Geor-
gia, and more particularly the state of Alabama, abound with plants of this
genus, and many remain yet to be distinguished. But the want of Botanic Gar-
dens in our country retards the progress, and impedes even the accuracy of
investigation, for specimens frequently present not only inadequate but even
erroneous impressions of the real structure and habit of a plant.

BIDENS. Gen. Pl. 1267.

Involuci^um duplex,
exterius inaequale. Co-
rollulce radii plerum-
que 0. Semiria tetra-
gona, aristis 2 — 4 sca-
bris instruct a. Recep-
taculum paleaceuin,
planum.

Involucrum double,
the exterior unequal.
Florets of the ray fre-
quently wanting. Seed
4-angled, furnished
with 2 — 4 scabrous
awns. Receptacle ch?if-
fy, flat.

1. Chrysanthemoides.

B. floribus radiatis,
cernuis; radiis involu-
cro subaequali triplo
longioribus; foliis ob-
longis, utrinque atten-
uatis, dentatis, basi
connatis. Pursh.

Mich.

Flowers radiate, nod-
ding; florets of the ray
thrice as long as the
nearly equal involu-
crum; leaves oblong,
tapering at each end,
toothed, connate at
base.

430

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1717. Mich. 2. p. 136. Pursh, 2. p. 566. Nutt. 2. p.

179.

Coreopsis Bidens, Walt. p. 215.

I have transcribed the specific character with only a verbal alteration
from Pursh, because the plant 1 shall describe differs from it in several parti-
culars and leads to a suspicion I have long entertained, that several species
are now covered under this name.

Root annual? Stem erect and declining, about two feet high, smooth
below, a little hairy towards the summit, with opposite branches and pedun-
cles. Leaves opposite, sessile, somewhat connate, oblong lanceolate, ser-
rate, glabrous. Peduncles sometimes opposite, sometimes from the division
of the stem, three to six inches long, generally erect, one-flowered. Involu-
crum double, the exterior about eight-leaved, the leaves unequal, foliaceous,
lanceolate, the largest as long as the florets of the ray, the interior eight-
leaved, the leaves equal, lanceolate, membranaceous, about as long as the
florets of the disk. Florets of the ray eight, lanceolate, bright yellow, bear-
ing only the rudiments of a germ; of the disk numerous, small, tubular, yel-
lowish. Seeds compressed, oblong, the pappus composed of two awns
which together with the edges of the seed are retrorsely aculeate, and some-
times may be discovered one or two smaller awns on the flattened angles.
Receptacle convex, chaffy; chaff concave, membranaceous, as long as the
florets of the disk.

Grows in shallow pools, very abundant, enlivening and almost covering
ponds and eld rice fields at the close of autumn with its brilliant flowers.

Flowers October — November.

is;

2. CONNATA.

B. floribus discoide-
involucro exleriore
flore triple longiore;
foil is caulinis teniatis,
foliolis lateralibus con-
natis, floralibus oblon-
go-Ianceolatis.

Flowers discoid, ex-
terior involucrum thrice
as long as the flower;
stem leaves ternate,
lateral leaves connate,
floral leaves oblong-
lanceolate.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 171 8. Pursh, 2. p. 566. Nutt. 2. p. 179.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, glabrous, branches opposite,
Leaves opposite, lanceolate, dentate, glabrous, very much attenuated at
base, paler or slightly glaucous (I describe from specimens) underneath, the
lower ternate, the upper simple, all somewhat connate at base. Peduncles
opposite, one-flowered. Involucrum double, the exterior foliaceous, much
longer than the disk, the interior membranaceous, resembling the chaff of
the receptacle. Florets of the ray 0; of the disk numerous, yellowish. Seed
compressed; awns of the pappus subulate, retrorsely aculeate. Chaff of the
receptacle nearly as long as the florets of the disk.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

431

Grows in fields and woods, Canada to Carolina, Pursh.
it in the low country of Carolina.
Flowers July — October.

I have not seen

3. PiLOSA.

B floribus discoide-
13; involucro exteriore
loiigitudine interioiis;
foliis inferioribus pin-
iiatis, supei ioribus tei-
natis, foliolis oblongis,
terminal! lanceolato,
reliquis diiplo longiore.

Flowers discoid; ex-
terior involucrum as
long as the interior;
lower leaves pinnate,
the upper ternate, leaf-
lets oblong, the termi-
nal one lanceolate,
twice as long as the
rest.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1720. Pursh, 2. p. 566. Nutt. 2. p. 179.

Roof annual. Stem two to three feet high, branching, hairy. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, oblong, dentate, somewhat hairy, the lower sometimes
doubly pinnate. Flowers opposite and terminal on long peduncles. Ex-
terior involucrum leafy, the interior resembling scales. Florets of the ray
0; of the disk rather numerous, yellowish. Seeds oblong, narrow, termin-
ating in two or three awns retrorsely aculeate.

The specimens I have seen under this name do not accord exactly with
the figure of Dillenius. Hort. Elth. t. 53. f. 51.

Grows a common weed in old fields. Pursh.

Flowers July — October.

4. Frondosa,

B. floribus discoide-
is; involucro exteriore
flore multo longiore,
foliolis basi cihatis;
foliis inferioribus pin-
natis, superioribus ter-
natis, lanceolatis, ser-
ratis.

Flowers discoid: ex-
terior involucrum much
longer than the flower,
leaflets fringed at base;
lower leaves pinnate,
the upper ternate, lan-
ceolate, serrate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 171 8. Walt. p. 201. Mich. 2. p. 136. Pursh, 2. p. 566.
Nutt. 2. p. 179.

432

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEAr

Root annual. Stem erect, three to four feet high, branching, sprinkled
with a few hairs. Leaves lanceolate, very acute, serrate, somewhat ribbed,
sprinkled like the stem with a few short hairs, the lower pinnate, the upper
ternate and simple. Peduncles one-flowered, long, opposite and terminal.
Exterior involucrum eight-leaved, the leaves linear-lanceolate, ciliate, une-
qual, much longer than the disk; the interior eight-leaved, leaves membra-
naceous, scarcely as long as the disk. Florets of the ray 0; of the disk
tubular, yellowish. Seeds compressed, rugose; awns two, retrorsely acu-
leate. Receptacle flat, chaffy; chafl" linear-lanceolate, falling with the seeds.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers June — September.

5. BlPlNNATA.

B. floribus subradia-
tis; involucro exteriore
disco longiore; foliis
bipinnatis, foliolis lan-
ceolatis, pinnatifidis.

Flowers irregularly
radiate, exterior invo-
lucrum longer than the
disk; leaves bipinnate,
leaflets lanceolate, pin-
natifid.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 1721.

179.

Mich. 2. p. 135. Pursh, 2. p. 567. Nutt. 2. p.

Root annual. Stem two to four feet high, glabrous, obtusely four-angled,
branching, the branches opposite. Leaves decussate, glabrous, often doubly
pinnatifid, the segments somewhat lanceolate, a little hairy along the mar-
gins. Peduncles long, generally terminal. Exterior involucrum eight- '
leaved, leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, nearly glabrous, unequal, longer than
the disk, at first erect, afterwards expanding; interior eight-leaved, scarcely
as long as the disk, fringed near the summit. Florets of the ray generally
three, obovate, yellow, scarcely as long as the disk; of the disk about twen-
ty, yellow, tubular. Seed oblong, slightly angled, nearly twice as long as
the interior involucrum, crowned by three, sometimes four unequal, short
awns. There is a striking difference in habit between this species and the
B. Chrysanthemoides; there is also much difference in the seed, but as far
as the seed is concerned, B. Frondosa and B. Pilosa, appear to connect
intimately the two extremes.

Grows in dry soils — common.

Flowers July — October.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

433

COREOPSIS. Gen. Pl.

Involucrum duplex,
polyphyllum, exterius
aequale. Flores radia-
ti. Semina compressa,
emarginata, bidentata,
vel bisetosa, setis nee
retrorsum aculeatis.
Receptacitlum paleace-
urn.

Involucrum double,
many leaved, the ex-
terior one equal.
Flowers radiate. Seeds
compressed, emargin-
ate, two toothed or two
awned; awns not re-
trorsely aculeate. Re^
ceptacle chaffy.

* Foliis oppositis, I * Leaves opposite^
indivisis, I undivided.

1. Lanceolata. Lin.

C. foliis sessilibus,
lanceolato - linearibus,
integerrimis, ciliatis;
pedunculis elongatis,
nudis; seminibus orbi-
culatis, scabris, alatis,
apice bidentatis, emar-
ginatis.

Leaves sessile, lan-
ceolate-linear, entire,
ciliate; peduncles long,
naked; seed orbicular^
scabrous, winged, two
toothed at the summit,
emarginate.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 2256.
Nutt. 2. p. 179.

Walt. p. 215. Mich. 2. p. 137- Pursh, 2. p. 567-

Root perennial, (bi-triennial, Dill.) Stem very short, divided at the base,
procumbent, sprinkled with a i&w long hairs, the summits naked. Leaves
opposite, sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, sometimes slightly undulate,
fringed toward the base. Flowers solitary, on naked branches about a foot
long. Involucrum, each about eight-leaved, all nearly of the same length, lan-
ceolate, glabrous, membranaceous and coloured, (particularly the interior)
along the margin. Florets of the ray about eight, bright yellow, dilated and
toothed at the summit; of the disk somewhat numerous, yellowish. Seeds
compressed, nearly black, winged and crowned with two small, subulate,
hairy, deciduous awns. Chaff of the receptacle very narrow.

VOL. II.

i3

434

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

This species appears to differ much in size, and somewhat in habit, and
tnay require further comparison. The plant which I have described above
I collected around ponds a few miles from Darien, along the road to Fort
Barrington. The pappds, as in the Helianthus, appears to be an appendage
slightly attached to the seed, and differing from the pericarp in substance
and colour.

In the C. Lanceolata as figured by Dillenius, (Hort. Elth. t. 48. f. 56.)
the plant is altogether larger, and the lowest leaves have long attenuated
bases.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers April — May; perhaps through the summer. (August — October,
Pursh.)

2. Crassifolia. Alton.

C foliis obovato-
oblongis, integerrimis,
basi attenuatis, hirsu-
tis; pedimculis elonga-
tis, basi hirsutis.

Leaves obovate-ob-
long, entire, tapering
at ; base, hirsute; pe-
duncles long, hirsute at
base.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2256. Nutt. 2. p. 179-

C. Lanceolata, var. b. Mich. 2. p. 137. Pursh, 2. p. 567-

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, sparingly divided at base,
striate, hairy below the upper pair of leaves. Leaves few, opposite, oblong,
narrow, the lower attenuated at base, forming a petiole one to two inches
long, very hairy. Flowers solitary, terminal. Involucrum nearly equal,
glabrous. Florets of the ray about eight, bright yellow, dilated and toothed
at the summit.

The leaves of this species though thicker than those of C. Lanceolata,
scarcely merit the character of crassifolia; hirsuta would have been a mor^
appropriate appellation. .

Grows in pine barrens, in soils rather dry.

Flowers June — ^

3. Arguta. Pursh.

C. glabra; foliis pe-
tiolatis,lanceolato-ova-
tis, sensim acurainatis,
argute serratis; pedun-
culis axillaribus termi-

Glabrous; leaves pe-
tiolate, lanceolate-ov-
ate, gradually acumi-
nate, acutely serrate;
peduncles axillary and

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

433

minalibusque, diclioto- terminaljclichotomoiisly
me corymbosis. corymbose.

Pursh, 2. p. 567-

Flowers of a middle size. Described by Pursh from specimens in the
Herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks; supposed by Nuttall to be a variety of C
Latifolia.

Grows in Carolina, Pursh.

Flowers —

4. Latifolia. Mich.

C. foliis ovatis, acu-
minatis, crenato denta-
tis, dentibus mucrona-
tis; petiolis bievibus,
radiis integris; semini-
bus cuneato oblongis,
apteris, apice nudis.

Leaves ovate, acu-
minate, crenately too-
thed with the teeth
mucronate; petioles
short; florets of the ray
entire; seed cuneate
oblong, without wings,
naked at the summit.

Mich. 2. p. isr. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2257. Pursh, 2. p. 567. Nutt. 2. p. 179-

A tall plant with the habit of Silphium, flowers rather small. Mich.
Pursh.

Grows on the highest mountains of Carolina, Mich.
Flowers July to September. Pursh.

.5. Oemleri. E.

C. foliis lato lanceo-
latis, sessilibus, utrin-
que acutis, integerri-
mis; pedunculis axilla-
ribus terminalibusque,
sub dichotome corym-
bosis. E.

Leaves broad lance-
olate, sessile, acute at
each end, entire; pe-
duncles axillary and
terminal, dichotomous-
ly corymbose.

Connected with the two preceding speeies, which I have not had an op-
portunity of comparing, is the one I shall now describe; further examination
must determine whether they are really distinct.

4S&

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

Stem two to three feet high, angular, glabrous. Leaves broad, entire,
sessile, and connate by a small membrane, very glabrous, acute at each end
but not acuminate. Flowers small, the lower opposite, axillary, the upper
forming a dichotomous corymb. Exterior involucrum smaller than the in-
terior, leaves lanceolate, glabrous. Florets of the ray about eight, entire,
yellow; of the disk not very numerous. Seed compressed, cuneate, slightly
bidentate and margined.

Collected near the junction of the Broad and Saluda rivers by Mr. Oem-
ler.

Flowers July — August.

6. Rosea. Nutt.

C. parva, glaberri-
ma; caule simplici; fo-
liis linearibus, integer-
rimis; capitulis axilla-
ribus terminalibusque,
longe pedunculatis;
seminibus integris, nu-
dis.

Small, very glabrous;
stem simple; leaves
linear, entire; heads
axillary and terminal,
on long peduncles;
seeds entire, naked.

Nutt. 2. p. 179.

Root perennial. Stem about twelve inches high, smooth, sometimes
branching. Leaves about two inches long, opposite, connate, and sparingly
ciliate at base, the axils producing small leaves or abortive branchlets.
Flowers few, small, on peduncles about three inches long. Exterior invo-
lucrum very small, interior eight-leaved. Florets of the ray about eight,
pale red, obsoletely three-toothed; of the disk not numerous, somewhat saf-
fron coloured. Seeds entire, not emarginated, naked. Nutt.

Grows in damp pine barrens and grassy swamps, New-Jersey to Georgia.
Nutt.

Flowers in August. '

** Foliis oppositis, I ** Leaves opposite,
divisis* I divided.

7. AURICULATA.

C. pubescens; foliis
subsessilibus, ovali-lan-
ceolatis, integerrimis,

Pubescent; leaves
nearly sessile, oval-
lanceolate, entire, the

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

437

inferioribus ternatis;
involucre exteriore
profunde partito; radiis
4-dentatis; seminibus
subrotimdo - obovatis,
apice bidentatis.

lower ternate; exterior
involucrum deeply di-
vided; florets of the
ray 4-toothed; seeds
obovate, nearly round,
2-toothed at the sum-
mit.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2256. Walt. p. 215. Mich. 2. p. 138. Pursh, 2. p. 568,

Roof perennial. Stem three to four feet high, pubescent, sometimes
nearly glabrous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, finely pubescent, the
upper sessile, the lower divided, having two lateral small leaflets near the
base, which are also lanceolate, and a common petiole near an inch long.
Flowers axillary and terminal. Exterior involucrum divided to the stem,
as Jong as the interior. Florets of the ray about eight, dilated and toothed
at the summit, bright yellow.

Grows on the high mountains of Carolina and Virginia.

Flowers August — October. Pursh.

Var. DivERSiFOLiA.

C. foliis infirais trifoliatis, foliolis
rotundatis, caulinis foliolis obovatis,
supremis simplicibus, spathulato-lan-
ceolatis, omnibus integerrimis, cau-
leque pilosis; seminibus subrotundis,
denticulatis, apice bidentatis. £.

Lowest leaves trifoliate with the
leaflets round, those of the stem
with the leaflets obovate; the upper-
most simple, spathulate-lanceolate,
all entire and with the stem hairy;
seed nearly round, denticulate, two-
toothed at the summit.

This species differs in many respects from the preceding; the stem is
short, dichotomously divided at the summit. The lowest leaves small, tri-
foliate, the folioles all orbicular; the next larger with the folioles sometimes
obovate, sometimes nearly round; the upper spathulate-lanceolate; the
whole plant instead of being covered with a fine pubescence, is sprinkled
with long white glandular hairs. Floioers naked, on peduncles, nearly a foot
long, proceeding from the division of the stem. Calyx and corolla as in
the preceding variety. Seed nearly round, slightly bidentate, and finely
toothed along the margins. Chaff" of the receptacle very narrow, longer
than the florets of the disk.

Collected in the middle country of Carolina by Mr. Whitlow.

Flowers May —

438 SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

8. Senifolia. Mich.

C. pubescens; foliis
sessilibus; trifoliolatis,
foliolis lanceolatis, in-
tegerrimis; radiis inte-
gris; seminibus cunea-
tis.

Pubescent; leaves
sessile, trifoliate, the
leaflets lanceolate, en-
tire; florets of the ray
entire; seed cuneate.

Mich. 2. p. 138. Sp. pi. S. p. 2254. Pursh, 2. p. 568. Nutt. 2. p.
180.

C. Major, Walt. 214.

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, generally branching near
the sumraitj pubescent, angled. Leaves opposite, closely sessile, trifoliate,
forming apparently a six-leaved verticill, leaflets lanceolate, slightly acumi-
nate, pubescent. Peduncles opposite, brachiate, forming a terminal co-
rymb. Exterior invulucrum as long as the interior, both very pubescent.
Florets of the ray about eight, narrow lanceolate, yellow, externally pubes-
cent, slightly toothed near the summit. (^Seeds oblong, cuneate, Mich.)

The whole plant sometimes nearly glabrous, Mich. In a specimen which
I possess that appears to belong to the glabrous variety of Mich, the middle
leaf of the verticill is sometimes three-parted, which I have never observed
in the common plant, and the exterior involucrum is much smaller than the
interior; these characters seem to indicate a distinct species.

Grows in dry pine lands.

Flowers June — August.

9. Verticillata.

C. subglabra; foliis
oppositis, sessilibus,
trifoliolatis, interdum
quinato-pinnatis, folio-
lis lineari-lanceolatis,
integerrimis; radiis
acutis; seminibus obo-
vatis, laevissime biden-
tatis.

Nearly glabrous;
leaves opposite, sessile;
trifoliate, sometimes
quinate; leaflets linear-
lanceolate, entire; flo-
rets of the ray acute,
seed obovate, very
slightly 2-toothed.

Sp.pl. 3. p. 2151.
Nutt. 2. p. 180.

Walt. p. 214. Mich. 2. p. 139- Pursh, 2. p. 569-

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

439

Root perennial. Stem erect, two to three feet high, angled, striate, gla-
brous, branching near the summit. Leaves sessile, forming a six-leaved
verticill. The middle leaflet of each leaf frequently three-parted, the leaflets
all narrow, apparently smooth, yet frequently covered with a fine pubes-
cence. Flowers corymbose, peduncles opposite and terminal. Exterior
involucrum generally ten-leaved, leaflets small, linear obtuse, irregularly
arranged at base; interior eight-leaved, leaflets lanceolate, yellowish, and
reflected at the summit. Florets of the ray eight, lanceolate, acute, yellow;
of the disk numerous, yellowish. Anthers dark purple. Seeds compressed,
winged, slightly bidentate. Chaff" of the receptacle filiform, dilated at the
summit.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers June — August.

10. Tenuifolia. Willd.

C. glabra; foliis op-
positis, sessilibus, tri-
foliolatis, foliolis com-
posite multipartitis,
segmentis linearibus,

mtegerrimis.

Glabrous; leaves
opposite, sessile, trifo-
liate, leaflets compoim-
clly many parted, seg-
ments linear, entire.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2252. Pursh, 2. p. 569. Nutt. 2. p. 180.
• C. Verticillata, var. TenuifoHa, Mich. 2. p. 139.

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, glabrous, branching to-
wards the summit, slightly angled. Leaves sometimes deeply three-parted,
sometimes seeming to form a verticill of six distinct leaves, the divisions or
leaves all many parted, sometimes compoundly, the segments all linear
and entire. Flowers corymbose. Peduncles opposite and terminal. Ex-
terior involucrum nearly as large as the interior, leaflets about eight, narrow
and lanceolate. Florets of the ray eight, yellow, acute. The seed of this
species I have not had an opportunity of examining.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers July and August.

11. Trichosperma. Mich.

C. glabella; foliis
subquinato - pinnatis,
lineari-lanceolatis, ser-
ratis; floribus corym-
bosisj involucri exteri-

Glabrous; leaves ge-
nerally quinate, pin-
nate, linear-lanceolate,
serrate; flowers in co-
rymbs; leaves of the

440

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

oris foliolis ciliato ser-
ratis; radiis integris;
seminibus cuneatis, 2
— 4 dentatis.

exterior involucrum
ciliate, serrate, florets
of the ray entire; seeds
cuneate, 2 — 4 toothed.

Mich. 2. p. 139. Willd. 2. p. 2252. Pursh, 2. p. 568. Nutt. 2. p.
180.

Root perennial, (biennial, Pursh.) Stem two to three feet high, glabrous,
branching towards the summit. Leaves opposite, somewhat pinnate, the
leaflets or segments five to seven, generally more or less notched, thin, gla-
brous. Flowers on peduncles, opposite and terminal, the upper divisions
sometimes dichotomous. Exterior involucrum eight-leaved^ leaves oblong,
obtuse, sometimes obovate, ciliate; the interior eight-leaved, leaves lanceo-
late, striate, coloured, particularly along the margin. Florets of the ray
eight, lanceolate, yellow, entire; of the disk yellowish. Seeds oblong, com-
pressed, two to four toothed. Chaff of the receptacle linear-lanceolate.

This species appears to vary much, perhaps more than one is now co-
vered under this name.

In specimens sent me from Boston by Dr. Bigelow, the stem is square,
the leaflets generally seven, very narrow, (linear,) deeply notched, almost
pinnatifid, the flowers large. In specimens sent me from New-York by Dr.
Torrey, the stem is nearly round or very obtusely angled, the leaflets five,
thin, narrow lanceolate, strongly toothed, the flowers smaller.

Grows in wet soils, in the upper districts of Carolina. Mich.

Flowers August — October.

12. MiTis. Mich.

C. glaberrima; foHis
bipinnatifidis, pinnis
linearibus, serrulatis;
involucri exterioris fo-
liolis Hnearibus serru-
latis; seminibus ob-
longis biaristatis.

Very glabrous;

leaves bipinnatifid, the
segments hnear, serru-
late; leaves of the ex-
terior involucrum line-
ar, serrulate; seeds
oblong, 2-a\vned.

Mich. 2. p. 140. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2253. Pursh, 2. p. 569. Nutt. 2. p.
150.

C. Coronata, Walt. 2. p. 15.

{Root biennial, Pursh.) Stem three to four feet high, obtusely four an-
gled, with very numerous brachiate branches. Leaves decussate, bipinna-
tifid, the segments slightly scabrous on the upper surface, the uppermost
sometimes simply three-parted. Flowers in a loose terminal panicle.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

441

Leaves of the exterior invnlncntm eight, linear, acute, as long as those of the
interior; of the interior lanceolate, pubescent at base, dotted. Florets of
the ray eight, obovate, obscurely three-toothed; of the disk numerous, yel-
low. Anihers dark purple. Seed compressed, with the margin serrulate,
nearly as long as the florets of the disk. Chaff of the receptacle linear, ob-
tuse, longer than the florets of the disk, spotted near the summit with purple.

Grows in wet grounds.

Flowers August and September.

.;13. Aristata. Mich.

C. pubescens; foliis
quinato pinnatis, folio-
lis serratis; racliis inte-
gris^ lato ovalibus;
seminibus cuneato-ob-
ovatis, biaiistatis; aris-
tis longissimis, divari-
catis. Mich.

Pubescent; leaves
quinate, pinnate, the
leaflets serrate; florets
of the ray entire,
broad, oval; seed cu-
neate-obovate, 2-awn-
ed; awns very long,
divaricate.

Mich. 2. p. 140. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2250. Pursh, 2. p. 568. Nutt. 2. p.
180.

Flowers large, rays very broad, Pursh. With this species I am unac-
quainted.

Grows in Carolina, Pursh. In Illinois, Mich.
Flowers August — September.

14. PUBESCENS. E.

C. pubescens; foliis
quinato-pinnatis, folio-
lis lanceolatis, obtusis,
integerrimis, laterali-
bus parvulis; involucri
exterioris foliolis ova-
to-lanceolatis; radiis
undulatis? pappo di-
phyllo, foliolis subula-
tis, pubescentibus. E.

Pubescent; leaves
quinate, pinnate, leaf-
lets lanceolate, obtuse,
entire, the lateral ones
small; leaves of the
exterior involucruni
ovate-lanceolate; flo-
rets of the ray undu-
late? pappus 2-leaved,
subulate, pubescent.

VOL. II.

k3

442

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRAKEA.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, obtusely angled, producing a
few opposite branches and with the whole plant very pubescent, almost
tomentose. First leaves simple, lanceolate, the mature leaf unfolding two
pair of small, lateral leaflets. Flowers terminal, on the long, almost naked
branches. Leaves of the exterior involucrum eight, ovate-lanceolate, slightly
acuminate, as long as the interior, nearly glabrous. Florets of the ray eight,
yellow, dilated at the summit, and from specimens appearing to be undu-
late. Seed nearly round, slightly winged, eraarginate and crowned with a
short pappus more resembling a leaf than an awn. Chaff of the receptacle
linear, acute, longer than the florets of the disk.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — September. ."

15. Tripteris. Lin.

C. glabra; foliis peti-
olatis, lanceolatis, inte-
gerrimis, radicalibus
pinnatis, caulinis trifo-
liolatis; radiis integris;
seminibus obovatis,
apice nudis.

Glabrous; leaves pe-
tiolate^ lanceolate, en-
tire, those of the root
pinnate, of the stem
trifoliate; florets of the
ray entire; seed obo-
vate, naked at the
summit.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2253. Mich. 2. p. 138. Pursh, 2. p. 568. Nutt. 2. p.
180.

Root perennial. Stem four to six feet high, terete, fistulous, glabrous,
branching near the summit. Leaves opposite, the upper trifoliate; leaflets
lanceolate, acute, entire, glabrous, slightly ribbed, scabrous along the mar-
gins. Flotoers rather small, in a loose terminal corymb. Leaves of the
exterior involucrum linear, shorter than the interior; of the interior lanceo-
late, coloured, particularly along the margin. Florets of the ray eight, yel-
low, narrow lanceolate, entire; of the disk numerous, yellowish. Chaff of
the receptacle linear, longer than the florets of the disk. Seeds obovate,
slightly winged, emarginate at the summit.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia; very abundant in
the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — October.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

443

16. NUDATA. Nutt.

C. caiilesubsimplici, ^
superne dichotomo; fo-
liis subulate linearibus,
remotis, glabi is, supre-
mis parvulis; radiis
roseis; seminibus nu-
dis. Nutt.

Stem nearly simple,
dichotomous towards
the summit; leaves sub-
ulate, linear, remote,
glabrous, the upper-
most small; florets of
the ray rose coloured;
seeds naked.

Nutt. 2. p. 179.

Stem two to three feet high, round, smooth, striate. Leaves few, rarely
more than two which are conspicuous, the lower five to six inches long, the
upper about an inch, both linear, those near the summit very minute. Flow-
ers four to six on the summit of the dichotomous stem, the peduncles or
branches four to five inches long. Exterior involucrum minute. Florets
of the ray red. Nutt.

Grows near St. Mary's, Georgia.

Flowers —

*** Foliis alternis.

%%% Leaves alter
nate.

17. AiVGusTiFOLiA. Aiton.

C. foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, integerrimis,
laevibus; radiis oblon-
gis, trifidis, lacinia me-
dia majore.

Leaves linear-lance-
olate, entire, smooth;
florets of the ray ob-
long, 3-cleft, the mid-
dle segment larger.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2257. Pursh, 2. p. 569. Nutt. 2. p. 180.

With this species I am not acquainted.
Grows in Carolina and Florida. Bartram.

444

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

18. Gladiata. Walt.

C. caule glabro, sii-
perne dichotomo; foliis
angusto-lanceolatis^ in-
tegerrimis, crassis, in
petioium attenuatis;
semiiiibus obovatis,
alatis, alis serrulatis;
pappo bisetoso.

Stem glabrous, cli-
chotomous towards the
summit; leaves narrow
lanceoiatejentire, thick,
tapering to a petiole;
seeds obovate, Avinged,
the wings serrulate;
pappus 2-awned, brist-

Walt. p. 215. Nutt. 2. p. 180.

C. Dichotoma, Mich. 2. p. 137- Pursh, 2. p. 569.

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, slightly furrowed, dichoto-
mously divided towards the summit. Leaves acute, somewhat succulent,
those of the root tapering to a petiole three to six inches long. Flowers ter-
minal. Exterior involucrum six to ten leaved, smaller than the interior,
leaves lanceolate, irregularly inserted, expanding; interior eight-leaved,
leaves lanceolate, coloured. Florets of the ray eight, yellow, dilated and
three-lobed at the summit; of the disk numerous, dark purple. Seeds ob-
long, obovatc, compressed. Pappus hairy, about half as long as the florets
of the disk. Chaff of the receptacle linear-lanceolate, dark purple, as long
as the florets of the disk.

Grows generally in damp pine bEirrens.

Flowers August — September.

19. Acuta. Pursh.

C. foliis ovato-lan-
ceolatis, acutis, denti-
culatis, subhirtis; flori-
bus corymboso-panicu-
latis.

Leaves ovate-lance-
olate, acute, toothed,
somewhat hairy; flow-
ers in corymbose pani-
cles.

Pursh,

180.

p. 569. Nutt. 2. p.

With this species, which was described by Pursh from specimens in the
Herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks, I am unacquainted.
Grows in Georgia. Bartram.
Flowers —

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

445

LEPTOPODA. Nuttall.

Iiwolucrum poly-
phylium, foliis duplici
serie. Floscidi radii
apice dilatati, 3-fidi.
Semina cylindracea.
Pappo membranaceo,
sub 8-phylIo, coronata.
Receptaculum couvex-
iim, nudum.

Iiwolucrum many
leaved, leaves in a dou-
ble series. Florets of
the ray dilated at the
summit, 3-cleft. Seeds
cylindrical, crowned
with a membranaceous
pappus, generally 8-
leaved. Receptacle

convex, naked.

1. PuBERULA. Macbride.

L. caule viscido-pu-
bescente, stricto; foliis
alternis, lineari-lance-
olatis, semi amplexi-
caulibus, glabris, punc
tatis, caulinis inciso
dentatis; paleis pappi
fimbriatis.

Stem viscidly pube-
scent, striate; leaves
alternate, linear-lance-
olate, semi amplexi-
caule, glabrous, dotted,
those of the stem
notched and toothed:
chaff of the pappus fim-
briate.

Galardia Fimbriata, Mich. 2. p. 142. Pursh, 2. p. 573.
Ilelenium Vernale, Walt. p. 210.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, simple, very pubescent to-
wards the summit, fistulous. Leaves alternate, those of the root sometimes
a little obovate, generally linear-lanceolate, slightly repand, witli an occa
sional serrature, generally decaying before the expansion of the flower;
those of the stem linear-lanceolate, with a iew deep indentations. Flower
solitary, terminal. Involucrum many leaved, with the leaves arranged in
two series, the exterior eighteen to twenty, equal, subulate, pubescent, near-
ly twice as long as the interior, the interior somewhat lanceolate, pubescent.
Florets of llie ray numerous, (nearly thirty,) yellow, dil.ited towards the
summit, three to four-cleft; of the disk very numerous, tubular, five-cleft.
Stauiens rather longer than the florets of the disk. Seed somewhat clavate,

446 SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

hairy. Pappus eight to twelve-leaved, with the leaves membranaceous,
fimbriate towards the summit. Receptacle convex, dotted.

Grows near the Santee River in damp soils. St. John's^ Berkeley. St.
James, Santee.

Flowers in April.

2. Decurrens. Macbride.

L. caule glaberrimo;
foliis iineaii-lanceola-
t*, denticulatis, gla-
bris, deciirrentibus;
paleis pappi fimbiiatis.

Stem very glabrous;
leaves lineai-lanceo-
late, toothed, glabrous,
decurrent; chaff of the
pappus fimbriate.

L. Heleniura, Nutt. 2. p. 174.

Root perennial. Stein about twelve to eighteen inches high, simple, gla-
brous, furrowed, not fistulous. Leaves much longer than those of the pre-
ceding species, similar but distinctly decurrent, more slightly denticulate.
Flower solitary, terminal. Involucrum many leaved, in two series; the
exterior (eighteen) subulate, a little hairy at the summit, expanding, finally
erect, (are these to be considered as scales belonging to the florets of the
ray?) Florets of the ray eighteen to twenty, cuneate, yellow, pubescent on
the outer surface, three-cleft at the summit; of the disk very numerous, with
the border five-cleft. Stamens a little longer than the corolla. Sti/le two-
cleft; stigma somewhat capitate. Seeds cylindric, glabrous. Pappus about
eight-leaved, leaves membranaceous, awned, fimbriate. Receptacle convex,
glabrous, dotted.

Grows in damp soils — along the head branches of Cooper River. Dr.
INIacbride. In wet pine barrens, Chatham and Bryan counties, Georgia.

Flowers March — April.

As fimbriata, the name applied to one of these plants by Michaux is de-
rived from a generic character applicable to both, and helenium not ap-
propriate, I have taken the liberty of distinguishing these two species by
the names given to them by Dr. Macbride, when many years ago he first
pointed them out to me as distinct, though hitherto confounded.

BALDUINA. Nuttall.

Involucrum poly-
phyllum, imbricatum,
squarrosum. Recepta-
culum convexum, cel-

Involucrum man}
leaved, imbricate,

squarrose. Receptacle
convex, cellular. Seed

SYNGENESIA PRU3TRANEA.

447

lulosiim. Semina in
cellulis. Pappus pa-
leis 10, erectis, acutis.

in the cells,
the pappus
acute.

Chaff of
10, erect,

Stem one-flowered,
simple, pubescent;

leaves narrow, obo-
vate, entire; pappus as
long as the seed.

1. Uniflora. Nutt.

B. caule unifloro,
simplici, pubescente;
foliis anguste obovatis,
integerrimis; pappo
semen aequante.

Nutt. 2. p. 175.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, slightly angled, heaves ob-
ovate, with an oblong tapering base, dotted, somewhat succulent when young,
pubescent. Involucrum many leaved, leaflets ovate, acuminate, the interior
mucronate, squarrose. Florets of the ray numerous, (nearly thirty,) yellow,
three-toothed at the summit, externally pubescent; of the disk very numer-
ous, tubular, yellow, covered near the summit with a glandular pubescence.
Stamens about as long as the florets of the disk. Style scarcely longer than
the stamens. Seed nearly cylindrical, a little enlarged towards the summit,
hairy. Pappus as long as the seed, if not longer. Scales membranaceous,
erect, generally acute, (surrounded at base by a white, fimbriate, exterior
pappus?) Receptacle convex, deeply honey-comb, the cells somewhat
hexangular, with a denticulate summit, and sufficiently deep to enclose the
seed and its pappus.

Grows in damp soils and along the margins of swamps in the middle
country of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers July — September.

2. MULTIFLORA. Nutt.

B? caule ramoso,
multifloro, glaberrimo;
foliis linearibus; invo-
lucri foHolis acumina-
tis; pappo brevi, cupu-
lato.

Stem branching,
many flowered, gla-
brous; leaves linear;
leaves of the involu-
crum acuminate; pap-
pus short, cup-shaped.

Nutt. 2. p. 176.

448

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

Root perennial? Stem two to three feet high, terete, glabrous, with very
numerous branches. Leaves linear, almost setaceous, glabrous, alternate,
sessile. Flowers terminal, somewhat fastigiate. Involucrum many leaved,
imbricate, the leaves narrow ovate, acuminate, equal, covered with glandu-
lar atoms and arranged nearl)' in two series. Florets of the ray small, yel-
low; of the disk numerous, yellowish. (Anthers bisetose at base, Nutt.)
Seed inversely conic, very acute at bcise, clothed with a glossy silken pubes-
cence, radiated on the summit. Pappus short, expanding, obtuse, almost
truncate, the scales fourteen? generally equal to the rays on the summit of
the seed. Receptacle nearly globular, cellular, the cells much deeper than
the included seed and pappus, somewhat hexagonal, with six acuminate
teeth, each of which from its structure is necessarily common to three
cells.

Grows in the sand hills along the Altamaha, near Fort Barrington.

Flowers in the autumn.

As it is considered incorrect to change names once publicly given, I have
continued the name imposed upon this genus, however reluctant the gentle-
man to whom it is dedicated was to have it preserved. The two species,
however, are scarcely congeners; they differ in habit, in their involucrum,
and still more essentially in their seed and pappus. Indeed the bisetose an-
thers and deep cellular receptacle seem alone to unite them. To the former
I had originally given the name of Favosa. The second, as far as imper-
fect specimens will permit me to describe it, offers the following characters.

AcTiNOSPERMUM. Involucrum polyphyllum, foliis equalibus, duplici se-
rie imbricatis. Receptaculum sub globosum, profunde favosum, cellulis
hexagonis, 6-dentatis. Semina obconica, sumraitate radiata. Pappus po-
lyphyllus, (12 — 14) cupulatim patens.

When a mature head of this plant is first examined, the seed are seen
nestling in the bottom of the cells, exhibiting nothing but their radiated
Summits, and resembling in a striking manner some of .the starry madre-
pores.

GALARDIA. Fougeroux.

Involucrum poly-
phyllum, foliis subae-
qualibus. Corollulce
radii tripartitae. Pap-
pus paleaceus, paleis
8 — 10 aristatis. Re-
ceptaculum convexum,
setosum.

Involucrum many
leaved, leaves nearly
equal. Florets of the
ray three-parted. Pap-
pus chaffy, chaffs — 10
awned. Receptacle

convex, bristly.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

449

1. BiCOLOR.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2245. Pursh, 2. p. 572.
G. Lanceolata, Mich. 2. p. 142.

Nutt. 2. p. 175.

Root perennial. Stein herbaceous, about two feet high, pubescent, spa-
ringly branched, with the branches twiggy and naked. Leaves alternate,
sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, pubescent, with a few serratures, fringed,
the hairs of the fringe hooked. Flmvei'S solitary, terminal. Involurrunt
many leaved, leaves arranged in two series, the exterior (9) reflexed, the
interior (12 — 13) erect, all lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Florets of the
ray about eight, dilated at the summit, three-cleft, with the segments une-
qual, yellow; of the disk numerous, tubular, deeply five-cleft, the segments
linear, glandular, at first yellowish, afterwards dark purple. Stamens
shorter than the corolla. Anthers yellow. Style of the ray 0; of the disk
longer than the stamens, two-cleft. Seeds slightly turbinate, clothed with
white hair. Pappus eight or nine leaved, leaves membranaceous, terminat-
ing in a long awn, with the awn as long as the corolla. Receptacle conic,
glabrous? dotted.

The plant which I have described is certainly the G. Lanceolata of Mi-
cliaux. I have doubts whether it is the G. Bicolor of Willdenow.

Grows in the dry pine barrens in the middle country of Georgia.

Flowers May — August.

RUDBECKIA. Gen. Pl. 1324.

Involucrum subae-
quale, duplici ordine
squamarum. Pappus
margine quadridentato.
Receptaculum coni-
cum, paleaceum.

Involucrum nearly
equal, scales in a dou-
ble series. Pappus with
a 4-tootlied margin.
Receptacle conic, chaf-

* Involucro imhri"
cato; paleis receptaculi
mucronatis.

^ Involucrum wi'
hricate; chaff of the
receptacle mucronate.

1. Purpurea.

R. aspera; fbliis in-
ferioribus lato ovatis,
basi attenuatis, remote

VOL. n. 1. 3

Rough; lower leaves
wide, ovate, tapering
at base, remotely too-

450

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

dentatis, caulinis lan-
ceolalo-ovatisj subinte-
gerrimis, utrinque acu-
minatis; radiis longis-
simis, deflexis, bifidis.

thed, those of the stem
lanceolate, ovate, near-
ly entire, acuminate at
each end; florets of the
ray very long, deflect-
ed, two-cleft.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2249. Walt. p. 214. Mich. 2. p. 143. Pursh, 2. p. 573.
Nutt. 2. p. 178.

Root perennial. Stem four to five feet high, sparingly branched, some-
times a little roughened, often smooth. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, slightly
acuminate, triplinerved, scabrous on both surfaces, tapering at base to a
petiole and varying much in the length of the petiole and the coarseness of
the serratures. Flowers large, terminal. Leaves of the involucrum nume-
rous, linear-lanceolate, fringed, imbricate, at least in four or five series,
squarrose. Florets of the ray about twelve, purple, two inches long, nar-
row, two-cleft at the summit, reflected; of the disk numerous, small. Seed
four-angled, inversely pyramidal, the summit concave and crenulated. Re-
ceptacle convex, chaffy, the chaff narrow, acuminate, nerved, glabrous,
longer than the seeds and florets, and with their acute, rigid points forming
a hispid capitulum.

This species appears at present to exhibit many varieties. It differs so
much in its generic characters, in involucrum, seed, and chaft'of the recep-
tacle, from most if not all of the other species of the genus, that it will pro-
bably be separated and its distinct varieties established as species.

Grows in the upper and mountainous districts of Carolina and Georgia—
in the western districts of Georgia common.

Flowers August — October.

*^' Involucro subce-
quali; paleis inermibus.

** Involucrum near-
ly equal; chaff unarni-
ed.

2. PiNNATA. Mich.

R. foliis omnibus
pinnatis, pinnis inferi-
oribus interdum bipar-
titis; pappo integerri-
mo; caule sulcato his-
pido.

Leaves all pinnate,
lower segments some-
times 2-parted; pappus
entire; stem furrowed,
hispid.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

461

Mich. 2. p. 144. Pursh, 2. p. 576. Nutt. 2. p. 179-

Flowers very showy; florets of the ray long, bright yellow, hanging
downwards; disk ovate, purple. Pursh.

Grows in the western parts of Carolina and Georgia. Pursh.
Flowers July — October.

3. DiGlTATA.

R. foliis inferioribus
pinnatis^ pinnis pinna-
tifidis, superioribus
simplicibus pinnatis,
siimmis 3-ficlis,- pappo
crenato: caule laevi.

Lower leaves pin-
nate, the segments pin-
natifid, the upper sim-
ple, pinnate, the high-
est 3-cleft; pappus cre-
nate; stem smooth.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2247. Pursh, 2. p. 575. Nutt. 2. p. 179-

Root perennial. Stem five to eight feet high, branching, glabrous.
Leaves thin, slightly scabrous, the segments more or less toothed, generally
lanceolate, acute. Flowers terminating the bicinches. Leaves of the itivo-
lurrum not numerous, ovate-lanceolate, a little hairy, shorter than the disk.
Florets of the ray yellow; of the disk numerous. Seeds oblong, four-an-
gled, crowned with a short crenate or rather four-toothed margin. Chaff of
the receptacle nearly truncate, almost tomentose at the summit, shorter than
the seed.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers August — October.

4. Laciniata.

R. foliis inferioribus
pinnatis, pinnis 3-lobis,
summis ovatis; pappo
crenato; caule glabro.

Lower leaves pin-
nate, the segments 3-
lobed, the upper ovate;
pappus
glabrous.

crenate; stem

Sp. pi. 3. p. 224G. Mich. 2. p. 144. Pursh, 2. p. 575. Nutt. 2. p.
179.

Root perennial. Stem five to eight feet high, branching, glabrous.
Leaves of the root and lower stem strictly trifoliate, with the upper foliole
three-parted, all lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, sometimes lacini-
ate, scabrous on the upper surface and along the margins, nearly smooth
underneathj upper leaves ovate, nearly sessile, sometimes toothed. Flowers

452

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

in a loose, terminal, somewhat corymbose panicle. Leaves of the involu-
crum ovate-lanceolate, small, much shorter than the receptacle. Florets of
the ray about six, yellow, obovate, three-toothed; of the disk numerous, yel-
lowish. Seed four-angled, crowned with a crenate margin. Chaff of the
receptacle obtuse, tomentose at the summit.

This species such as I have described it, grows abundantly in the western
districts of Georgia. In a specimen of this plant sent me by Dr. Muhlen-
berg from Pennsylvania, the segments of the lower leaves are all entire,
smaller and but slightly acuminate. Do they belong really to the same
species?

Flowers August — October.

5.

Triloba.

R. hispido-pilosa;
caule panicLilato, ramis
divaricatis foliosis; fo-
liis lanceolatis, utrin-
que acLiminatis, serra-
tis, inferioribus trilo-
bis; involiicri squamis
linearibus, deflexis.

Hairy, hispid; stem
paniculate, branches
divaricate, leafy; leaves
lanceolate, acuminate
at each end, serrate,
the lower three-lobed;
scales of the involu-
crum linear, deflected.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2247.
178.

Mich. 2. p. 144. Pursh, 2. p. 575. Nutt. 2. p.

Koot perennial. Stem four to five feet high, branching, somewhat sca-
brous, and hairy. Lower leaves deeply three-parted, the middle segment
large, lanceolate, serrate, a little hairy; the lateral segments nearly entire; the
base attenuated and very hairy; upper leaves lanceolate, serrate, sessile.
Flowers numerous, on the summits of the branches. Leaves of the involu-
crum linear-lanceolate, reflected, about half as long as the rays. Florets of
the ray about eight, lanceolate, deflexed, yellow, the base and exterior sur-
face becoming deep orange when dry; of the disk numerous, dark purple.
Seed four-angled, crowned with a four-toothed margin. Receptacle conic,
chaff lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the seeds.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia. Saluda mountains;,
Dr. Macbride.

Flowers August — October.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

453

6. TOMENTOSA.

R. brevi j3ubescentia
subtomentosa; caule
ramoso, ramis erectis
virgatis; foliis laiiceo-
latis, acutis, inciso-
dentatis inlegrisve,
scabris, inferioribus
trifoliolatis; involucri
squamis lineari-lanceo-
latis, deflexis, radiis
multo brevioribus. E.

Plant covered with a
short tomentum; stem
branching, branches
erect, virgate; leaves
lanceolate, acute, deep-
ly toothed and entire,
scabrous, the lower
trifoliate; scales of the
involucrum linear-lan-
lanceolate, deflected,
much shorter than the
florets of the rav.

R. Subtomentosa, Pursh, 2. p. 575?

R. Triloba, var. Subtomentosa, Mich. 2. p. 144?

Root perennial. Stem three to four feet high, slightly furrowed, pubes-
cent, bearing very many virgate branches. Leaves alternate, sessile, three-
nerved, scabrous and covered with a fine somewhat tomentose pubescence;
the lower neai'ly trifoliate, having two small lateral leaves at the base; the
middle leaflet lanceolate, sometimes deeply notched, sometimes entire; the
upper leaves lanceolate, entire. Leaves of the involucrum linear-lanceo-
late, or subulate, tomentose and deflected. Florets of the ray about eight,
yellow, two-cleft at the summit, three times as long as the involucrum. Flo-
rets of the disk very numerous, of a brownish yellow. Seed four-angled;
pappus obsolete, the summit of the seed slightly toothed. Receptacle ob-
long, oval, chaft' truncated, longer than the seed, tomentose at the summit.

I am uncertain whether this is the R. Subtomentosa of Mich, and Pursh.
It is a very distinct species from the R. Triloba, to which in fact it has n»
resemblance but in its tripartite leaves.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — September.

7. Mollis. E.

R. caule hispido-vil- Stem hispid, villous,
loso, ramoso; foliis ses- branching; leaves ses-
sihbus, ovali-lanceola- sile, oval-lanceolate,
tis, dentatis, mollissime I dentate; soft, tomen-
tomentosis; radio mul- [ tose; florets of the ray

454

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

tifloro, involucre triple
longiore. E.

numerous, thrice as
long as the involucrum.

Root perennial. Plant two to three feet high, very much divided, a lit-
tle scabrous and clothed with long and somewhat hispid hair. Leaves alter-
nate, sessile, semiaraplexicaule and slightly cordate, villous near the base,
tomentose on both surfaces, the lowest probably spathulate. Floioers
terminal. Scales of the involucrum lanceolate, expanding, or 'deflected,
very hairy. Florets of the ray twelve to twenty, lanceolate, two-cleft at the
summit, yellow; of the disk very numerous, dark purple. Seeds four-an-
gled, the margin obsolete or slightly four-toothed. Receptacle convex,
chaff concave, linear-lanceolate, as long as the florets of the disk, externally
tomentose near the summit; among the exterior rows of the chaff setaceous
bristles longer than the seed are also interposed.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — October.

8. L^viGATA. Pursh.

R. unclique glaber-
rima; foliis ovato-lan-
ceolatis, utrinque acu-
minatis, triplinervibus,
parce dentatis; involu-
cri squamis lanceolatis,
longitudine radii.

Everywhere smooth;
leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate at each
end, triplinerved, spa-
ringly toothed; scales
of the involucrum lan-
ceolate, as long as the
ray.

Pursh, 2. p. 574. Nutt. 2. p. 178.

Leaves sub-coriaceous, very smooth and lucid, those of the root spathu-
late ovate, obtuse, those of the stem not acuminate. Peduncles few, long,
naked. Flowers fastigiate, disk oblong. Nutt. Florets of the ray pale
yellow, short. Pursh.

Grows in the pine barrens of Georgia.

Flowers —

9. Discolor.

R. ram is corymbo-
sis, unifloris, peduncu-
lis nudis, elongatis; fo-

Branches corymb-
ose, 1 -flowered, pedun-
cles naked, long; leaves

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

455

StllgO-

lanceolate, hairy, stri-
gose, nearly entire;
scales of the invohicrum
ovate, acute; petals
lanceolate, entire, two-
coloured, as long as the
involucrum.

His lanceolatis,
so-pilosis, subintegerri
mis, involucri foliolis
ovatis, acutis, petalis
lanceolatis, intiegerri-
mis, discoloribus, lon-
gitudine involucri.

Pursh, 2. p. 574.

I know not whether the plant I am about to describe be the real R. Dis-
color of Pursh; it has many points of resemblance.

Plant about two feet high, a little hairy, with a few long, slender naked
branches. Leaves alternate, sessile, spathulate-lanceolate, triplinerved,
finely and sparingly denticulate, sprinkled like the stem with very short
hair, sometimes slightly cordate at base. Flowers few, small, terminal.
The leaves of the involucrum oval, rather obtuse, a little hairy. Florets of
the ray twelve to fourteen, lanceolate, two-cleft at the summit, externally
hairy, scarcely longer than the involucrum; of the disk very numerous, dark
purple. Seeds four-angled; the pappus a slight margin. Receptacle con-
vex, chaff oblong, keeled, dark purple and fringed at the summit. The flo-
rets of the ray in this plant are trilobed and have, at least when dry, their
bright yellow, the base or under surface dark orange.

To the preceding species this has great affinity, but it is altogether less
hairy, rts leaves are fewer, smaller, and more finely denticulate, its branches
summits fewer, more slender, and naked.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August and September.

10.

R.

cens;
foliis
latis.

Spathulata. Mich.

gracihs, pubes-
cauHbus unifloris,
obovato-spathu-
integerrimis, in-
volucro patulo, imbri-
cato; radiis tridenta-
tis.

Slender, pubescent;
stem one-flowered;
leaves obovate spathu-
late, entire; involucrum
expanding, imbricate;
florets of the ray three-
toothed.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2249. Mich. 2. p. 144. Pursh, 2. p. 574. Nutt. 2. p. 178.

A very small slender plant minutely pubescent. Mich.
Grows in the mountains of Carolina, Mich. Florida. Bartram.
Flowers July — September.

456

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

11. Radula. Pursh.

R. caule inferne his-
pido, superne glabro,
nudiusculo; pedunculis
longissimis unifloris;
foliis ovatis, attenuatis,
tuberculatis, hispidis;
involuciis imbricatis,
squamis ovatis, acumi-
natis, ciliatis.

Stem hispid near the
base, towards the sum-
mit glabrous, nearly
naked; peduncles very
long, one-flowered;
leaves ovate, attenuate,
tuberculate, hispid; in-
volucrum imbricate,
scales ovate, acumi-
nate, ciliate.

Pursh, 2. p. 575. Nutt.

Described by Pursh from specimens in the Herbarium of Sir Joseplt
Banks.

Collected in Georgia by Bartram.

12. FULGIDA.

R. caule hispido, ra-
mis virgatim elongatis,
unifloris; foliis oblon-
go-lanceolatis, denticu-
latis, hispidis, basi an-
gustatis, subcordatis;
involucri squamis radi-
um subaequantibus; pa-
leis lanceolatis.

Stem hispid, the
branches long, virgate,
1 -flowered; leaves ob-
long lanceolate, denti-
culate, hispid, narrow-
ed and slightly cordate
at base; scales of the
involucrum as long as
the ray; chaff" lanceo-
late.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2248. Pursh, 2. p. 574. Nutt. 2. p. 178.
R. Chrysomela, Mich. 2. p. 143.

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, bearing many branches,
hispid. Leaves numerous, alternate, sessile, somewhat amplexicaule, tripli-
nerved, hispid. Leaves of the involucrum lanceolate, hispid, somewhat
foliaceous, the exterior the largest. Florets of the ray twelve to fourteen,
lanceolate, two-cleft at the summit, externally hairy, scarcely longer than

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

457

the involucrum; of the disk very numerous, dark purple. Seed four-ancled.
Fappus a shght margin. Receptacle convex, chaff lanceolate, glabrous,
with purple summits, nearly as long as the florets of the disk.

Grows in mountain meadows from Pennsylvania to Carolina, Pursh. In
the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — October.

13. HiRTA.

R. hirsutissima; caii-
libus virgatis, subra-
mosis, unifloris; foliis
spathulato- laiiceolatis,
triplinervibus, serratis,
hirtis; involucri squa-
mis triplici serie imbii-
catis, radio breviori-
bus; paleis obovatis,
acutis.

Very hirsute; stem
virgate, sparingly

branched, 1 -flowered;
leaves spathulate, lan-
ceolate, triphnerved,
serrate, hirsute; scales
of the involucrum im-
bricate in a triple se-
ries, shorter than the
ray; chaff obovate, a-
cute.

Sp. pi. 3. p.
Nutt. 2. p. 178.

Walt. 214. IMich. 2. p. 143. Pursh, 2. p. 574.

Root perennial. Stem two to three feet high, generally undivided, sca-
brous, hairy. Leaves alternate, sessile, semiamplexicaule, the lower spr thu-
late-lanceolate, the upper lanceolate and ovate, all very hirsute. Fh oers
solitary, terminal. Involucrum many leaved, the leaves narrow lanceolate,
hairy, the interior the smallest. Florets of the ray about fourteen, yellow
obliquely two-cleft at the summit, hairy, twice as long as the involuci urn: of
the disk very numerous, darl: purple. Seed four-angled. Pappus obsolete.

S?.?''*""'''.! 'i^^' '^haff oblong, fringed and purple at the summit,
hairy, as long as the florets of the disk.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers June — September.

14. Aristata. Pursh.

R? caule hispido, ra-
mis elongatis, corym-
bosis, unifloris; foliis

VOL. n. ]M 3

Stem hispid, branch-
es long, corymbose,
1-flowered: leaves Ian-

458

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA.

lanceolato - oblongis,
serratis, hispidis; disco
subhemisphaerico; pa-
leis pappi subulatis^
aristatis.

Pursh, 2. p. 574. Nutt. 2. p. 178.

Flowers small, deep yellow. Pursh.

Described by Pursh from specimens in the Herbarium of Sir Josepk
Banks.

Collected in Carolina by Bartram. Can it really belong to this genus?

ceoJate-oblong, ser-
rate, hispid; disk near-
ly hemispherical; chaff
of the pappus subulate,
awned.

CENTAUREA. Gen. Pl. 1331.

Iiwolucrum varium.
Radii corollulae infun-
dibuliformes, irregula-
res. Pappus pilosus.
Receptaculum setosum.

Involucrum various.
Florets of the ray fun-
nel-shaped, irregular.
Pappus hairy. Recep-
tacle bristly.

1. Benedicta.

C. involucri squamis
dupHcato-spinosis, lan-
atis, bracteatis; foliis
semi - decurrentibus,
denticulato spinosis.

Scales of the involu-
crum doubly armed
with spines, woolly,
with bracteal leaves at
base; leaves somewhat
decurrent, toothed and
spiny.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 2315. Nutt. 2. p. 183.

Annual? Stems prostrate, six to twelve inches long, sparingly branched,
very villous or woolly. Leaves sessile, pinnatifid, rugose, villous, segments
acute, the lower sometimes runcinate. Flowers solitary, terminal, surround-
ed by the terminal leaves. Involucrum ovate, imbricate, the scales lanceo-
late, glabrous, terminating in a compound pectinate spine. Florets all tu-
bular, those of the ray slender, three-cleft, those of the disk five-cleft, one
incision very deep. Sti/les of the fertile florets longer than the corolla, two-

SYNfiKNESlA FRUSTRANEA.

469

cleft; of the sterile shorter, undivided. Seed of the ray abortive; of the
disk oblong, slightly curved, finely striate, crowned apparently with a triple
pappus, the exterior a ten-toothed margin, the intermediate composed of ten
or twelve awns as long as the seed, rigid, serrate, the interior of an equal
number of short hairy awns. Bristles of the receptacle longer than the
seeds.

An exotic now naturalized; not uncommon in dry sandy pastures along
the sea-coast; around Beaufort.

Flowers in April.

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

CH APT ALIA. Vcutenat.

Receptaculum nu-
dum. Pappus capil-
laris. Flosculi radii
ill duplici serie diffor-
mes, foeminei, fertiles;
disci, masculi, bilabia-
ti. Involucrum subim-
bricatum.

Recej)tacle naked.
Pappus capillary. Flo-
rets of the ray dissimi-
lar, in a double series,
female, fertile; of the
disk masculine, two-
lipped. Involucrum
somewhat imbricate.

1. Integrifolia. Mich.

oblongo-

C. foliis
lanceolatis obovatis-
que, retrorse denticu-
latis, subtus argenteo-
tomentosis; scapo nu-
do, unifloro, floribus
nutantibus.

Leaves oblong lan-
ceolate and obovate,
retrorsely denticulate,
tomentose and silvery
underneath; scape na-
ked, 1-flowered, flow-

ers nodding.

460

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

Nutt. 2. p. 182.

Tussilago Integrifolia, Mich. 2. p. 121. Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1964.

Perdicium Semiflosculare, Walt. p. 204.

Root somewhat tuberose, perennial. Leaves oblong, lanceolate, some-
times obovate, with fine retrorse denticulations, which, in the mature leaf
are nearly obsolete, green and glabrous on the upper surface, covered with
a white very dense cottony tomentum underneath. Scapes several from
each root, six to ten inches long, tomentose, one-flowered; the flowers at
first nodding, becoming erect as the seed matures. Calyx imbricate. Scales
linear-lanceolate, appressed, clothed with a ferruginous tomentum, except the
midrib which is glabrous. Exterior^ore/s of the ray l6 to 20, glabrous,
white on the interior surface, purple on the outer; just within these is a se-
cond series of female florets with long styles and only the rudiment of the
corolla. Florets of the disk sterile, bilabiate, one lip broad, reftexed,
slightly three-cleft, the other lip deeply two-cleft, with the segments revo-
lute. Seed of the fertile florets oblong, striate, glabrous.

Grows in damp pine barrens.

Flowers March — April.

SILPHIUM. Gen. Pl. 1334.

Involucrum foliace-
iim, squarrosum. Se-
mina compress a, ob-
cordata, emarginata,
bidentata. Recepta-
culum paleaceum.*

Involucrum leafy,
squaiTose. Seeds com-
pressed, obcordate, e-
marginate, two-tooth-
ed. Receptacle chaffy.

* GujMmiferum. E.

S. caule erectOj hispido, gummi-
fero; foliis sinuato pinnatifidis, sub-
tus subhispidis; floribus majusculis,
axillaribus subsessilibus; involucri
sqiiamis ovatis, acuminatis, margine
hispidis. E.

y

Stem erect, hispid, bearing gumj
leaves sinuate, pinnatifid, under-
neath somewhat hispid; flowers
large, axillary, nearly sessile; scales
of the involucrum ovate, acuminate,
hispid along the margin.

Root perennial? Stem two to three feet high, robust, very hispid and
rough, exuding whenever wounded a terebinthine gum, so abundant that it
sometimes I am told almost encrusts the plant. Leaves sinuate, pinnatifid,
hispid on the under surface, particularly along the veins, the segments very
acute, ajid generally more remote and incised than in the other pinnatifid
species. Floicers larger than those of any other species in this genus that I
have seen, axillary, on short squarrose peduncles. Scales of the involucrunj

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

461

1. Laciniatum.

S. caiile superne liis-
pido; foliis radicalibus
caulinisque piniiatifidis,
laciniis deiitato sinua-
tis; floribus paiiiciila-
tis; involucri foliolis
subcordatis acumina-
tis.

segments

Stem hispid towards
the summit; leaves of
the root and stem pin-
natifid, the
toothed and
flowers in panicles;
scales of the involii-
crum somewhat cor-
date, acuminate.

sinuate;

Sp. pi. 3.
183.

p. 2330. Mich. 2. p. 145. Pursli, 2. p. 577. Nutt. 2. p.

Root perennial. Stem eight to twelve feet high, simple, smooth near the
base, towards the summit rough and hispid. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
about two feet long and one wide, amplexicaule at base, pinnatifid, segments
distant, toothed and sinuate, scabrous. Scales of the involucrura ten, ter-
minating in a subulate point. Florets of tlie ray about thirty, as long as
the involucrum, yellow as in all the species of this genus. Florets of the
disk numerous. Seeds emarginate, with two small awns.

This plant belongs to the Mississippi and a few of its tributary streams.
It has been reported to me as growing in the western districts of Georgia
and among the Alleghany mountains. No plant, however, that I have seen
belongs properly to the species as described by Linnaius, unless the follow-
ing should be considered as one of its varieties.

Flowers August to October. Pursh. More probably from June to Au-
gust.

ovate acuminate, the outer ones fringed or hispid along the margins. Flo-
rets of the ray sixteen to twenty, perhaps twenty-four; of the disk numerous.
Seed compressed, dilated, slightly winged, crowned with two subulate, very
acute teeth.

Grows in the prairies of the Alabama.

Flowers from June to August.

I have introduced this remarkable species in a note, because I know not
whether it has ever been found within the limits assigned to this work.
The prairies of the Alabama in which this plant is found, commence whhin
a (qw miles of the western frontier of Georgia, and this appears to be almost
exclusively a prairie plant.

462 SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

2. PiNNATIPIDUM. E.

S. caule glabriuscii-
lo; foliis sinuato-pinna-
tifidis, subscabris, sub-
tus parce pilosis; invo-
lucri squamis ovalibus,
exterioribus rotunda-
tis. E.

Stem somewhat gla-
brous; leaves sinuate,
pinnatifid, somewhat
scabrous, a little hairy
underneath; scales of
the involucruni oval,
the exterior nearly
round.

stem four to six feet high, smooth and glabrous even among the branches.
Leaves larije, sinuate, pinnatifid, the summits of the segments generally
acute, the upper surface nearly glabrous, the under surface slightly scabrous,
sprinkled with a few short hispid hairs. Flotoers large, not numerous,
scattered in a loosely branching panicle. Scales of the involucrum imbri-
cate, glabrous, the exterior circular, the interior oval, obtuse. Florets of
the ray about as long as the involucrum. Seeds winged, obovate, eraargi-
nate.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia, and particularly in and around
the prairies of the Alabama.

Flowers July to August.

3. CoMPosiTUM. Mich.

S. caule laevi; foliis
caulinis sinuato-pinna-
tifidis, radicalibus ter-
natis, sinuato-multifi-
dis; floribus parvis, pa-
niculatis.

Stem smooth; leaves
of the stem sinuate,
pinnatifid, of the root
ternate, sinuate, many
cleft; flowers small,
paniculate.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2331. Mich. 2. p. 145. Pursh, 2. p. 577- Nutt. 2. p.
182.

S. Laciniatum, Walt. p. 217*

Root perennial. Stem two to four feet high, simple, nearly glabrous.
Leaves much smaller than those of the preceding species, irregularly sinu-
ate and lobed, sometimes pinnatifid, glabrous on the upper surface, sprinkled
with hairs on the under surface and along the margin. Flowers small, in a
terminal, somewhat corymbiform panicle. Scales of the involucrum ovate,

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

463

rather obtuse, slightly fringed. Florets of the ray scarcely exceeding twelve,
nearly an inch long.

I suspect that some genuine species among the sinuate-leaved Silphiums
are yet undefined.

Grows in dry pine barrens.

Flowers May — August.

4. Terbinthinaceum. Lin.

S. caule laevi; foliis
radicalibus amplis, ro-
tundato vel reniformi-
cordatis, sublobatis,
dentatisque, cauiinis al-
ternis, ovatis, serratis,
scabris; panicula com-
posita, multiflora.

Stem smooth; leaves
of the root large round
or reniform, cordate,
slightly lobed and
toothed, of the stem
alternate, ovate, ser-
rate, scabrous; panicle
compound, many flow-
ered.

Sp.pl. 3. p, 2331. Mich. 2. p. 145. Pursh, 2. p. 577- Nutt. 2. p.
182.

Stem erect, four to five feet high, glabrous. Root leaves deeply cordate,
oblong or round, toothed, when luxuriant slightly lobed along the margin.
Flowers more numerous than usual in this genus, in large scattered corym-
bose panicles. Scales of the involucrum nearly ovate, the exterior rather
acute, the interior generally obtuse. Florets of the ray ten to twelve, about
an inch long.

This species appears subject to some variations. In specimens sent me
by Dr. Schweinitz from Salem, North-Carolina, the root leaves were nearly
reniform, simply toothed and very scabrous underneath. In specimens col-
lected in the western districts of Georgia and Alabama, where it appears
to be more luxuriant, the leaves were lobed and angled, and nearly glabrous
underneath. In the flowers I can perceive no difference.

Grows along the mountains.

Flowers July — August.

464 SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

5. Perfoliatum. Lin.

S. caule tetragono,
laevi; foliis oppositis,
connatis, ovatis, serra-
tis.

Sp.pl.

Stem four-angled,
smooth; leaves oppo-
site, connate, ovate,
serrate.

p. 2331. Pursh, 2. p. 577- Nutt. 2. p. 183.

Stem about six feet high, four-angled, smooth. Leaves opposite, ovate
or deltoid, serrate, opposite and perfoliate with decurrent petioles, the upper
sessile, very broad, perfoliate. Peduncle terminal and from the axil of the
highest leaves. Involucrum squarrose, scales obtuse. Florets of the ray
twenty-four. Lin.

Grows in the mountains, Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July to October.

6. CoNNATuoi. Lin.

S. caule tereti, his-
pido; foliis oppositis,
connatis, remote serra-
tis, scabris.

Stem terete, hispid;
leaves opposite, con-
nate, remotely serrate,
scabrous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2332.
183.

Mich. 2. p. 146. Pursh, 2. p. 578. Nutt. 2. p.

Stem about six feet high, erect, simple, terete, (obscurely angled near the
base,) scabrous with deflected hairs. Leaves opposite, connate perfoliate,
ovate oblong, sessile, (not united by perfoliate petioles as the S. Perfolia-
tum) scabrous, rather acute, serrate. Panicle terminal, dichotomous. In-
volucrum squarrose, the scale ovate, obtuse, smooth, reflected at the summit.
F/ore^s of the ray twelve. Lin. »

I have used the description given by Linnaeus of tliis and the preceding
species, because I had no specimens on which I could depend, or rather
which agreed with the Linneean plant.

Grows on the high mountains of Carolina, Pursh.

Flowers August — September.

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

465

7. Integrifolium. Mich.

S. caule tetragono,
aspero; foliis oppositis,
sessilibus, obloagis, in-
tegerrimis, scabris; flo-
ribus paucis, breviter
pedunculatis.

Stem four-angled,
rough; leaves opposite,
sessile, oblong, entire,
scabrous; flowers few,
on short peduncles.

Mich. 2. p. 146. Spl. pi. 3. p. 2333. Pursh, 2. p. 578. Nutt. 2. p.
183.

Stem square, rough. Leaves all uniform, opposite, sessile, erect, oblong,
oval, very scabrous on the upper surface. Flowers few, on short peduncles.
JNIich. From the mountains of Carolina Dr. Macbride brought specimens
nearly allied to this species, differing in a h\v particulars. Ste?n nearly
terete, glabrous, the peduncles slightly angled. Leaves oblong, ovate or
oval, acute, entire, scabrous on both surfaces, on short somewhat connate
petioles. Flowers not numerous. Scales of the involucrum oblong, ovate,
glabrous, slightly fringed, all nearly of one length. Florets of the ray four-
teen, rather more than an inch long, of a very brilliant yellow.

The original S. Integrifolium of Mich, was collected in the state of Illi-
nois and may be distinct.

Flowers August — September.

8. L.EV1GATUM. Pursh.

S. caule simplici, te-
tragono, sulcato, gla-
bro; foliis oppositis
sessilibus, ovatis, acu-
minatis, tenuissinie ser-
ratis, basi subcordatis,
utrinque glabris; in-
volucri squamis ovatis,
ciliatis.

Stem simple, 4-an-
gled, furrowed, gla-
brous; leaves opposite,
sessile, ovate, acumi-
nate, very shghtly ser-
rate, somewhat cor-
date at base, glabrous;
scales of the involu-
crum ovate, ciliate.

Pursh, 2. p. 578. Nutt. 2. p. 183.

Stem about two feet high. Flowers in a compact corymb. Pursh.

The plant I am about to describe agrees in so many respects with this
species, that it probably belongs to it. For the differences it will perhaps
be easy to account.

vol,. II. 2f 3

466

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

Stem about two feet high, slightly angled, glabrous. Root leaves oblong
lanceolate, on petioles one to two inches long. Lower stem leaves oval
lanceolate, on short petioles which are connate at base; the upper closely
sessile, ovate, the highest almost cordate, all glabrous, slightly acuminate,
finely fringed and all but the uppermost serrate. Flowers rather small, in
a somewhat compact corymb. Scales of the involucrum ovate, ciliate, the
exterior much smaller than the interior, rather acute. The leaves of this
species are intensely bitter.

Pursh's description was made from plants collected by Mr. Enslen in
Georgia between Savannah and Louisville. My specimens were collected
in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — September.

9. SCABERRIMUM. E.

S. caule subangula-
to, angulis siiperne sca-
bris; foliis ovatis, sub-
acuminatis, serratis,
rigidis, utrinque sca-
berrimis, breviter peti-
olatis; floiibus subco-
rymbosis; involucri
squamis ovatis, ciliatis.
E.

Stem somewhat an-
gled, the angle rough
towards the summit;
leaves ovate, slightly
acuminate, serrate, ri-
gid, scabrous on both
surfaces, on short peti-
oles; flowers corym-
bose; scales of the in-
volucrum ovate, ciliate.

Stem three to four feet high, very robust, angled when young, becoming
terete and glabrous when old. Leaves on short petioles which as usual in
this genus, are somewhat connate, three to four inches long, rather more
than two wide, acutely serrate, resembling those of a rough leaved Helian-
thus. Floioers in a somewhat compact corymb. The exterior scales of
the involucrum comparatively small, rather acute, scarcely scabrous. Flo-
rets of the ray twelve to fourteen, about an inch long. Seed nearly circular,
winged, deeply emarginate.

Grows in the western districts of Georgia.

Flowers August — September.

10. Trifoliatum. Lin.

S. caule 6-angulato,
laevi; fohis terno verti-
cillatis, ovato-lanceo-

Stem six- angled,
smooth; leaves verti-
cillate by threes, ovate-

SYNGENE9IA NECESSARIA.

467

latis, inaequaliter den-
tato serratis, supra
scabris, superioribus
sessilibus; panicula tri-
chotoma.

lanceolate, unequally
toothed and serrate,
scabrous on the upper
surface, the upper ones
sessile; panicle tricho-
tomous.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 2333. Pursh, 2. p. 578. Nutt. 2. p. 183.
S. Ternifolium, Mich. 2. p. 146.

Stem four to six feet high, slightly angled, glabrous, generally purple.
The upper leaves generally sessile, the middle and lower ternate, on short
petioles, all ovate-lanceolate, serrulate, tapering to an acute point, slightly
scabrous and sprinkled with hair on the upper surface, glabrous and reiicu-
lately veined on the under. Flowers in a terminal corymb. Scales of the
involucrum ovate, rather acute, ciliate, loosely appressed. Florets of the
ray about fourteen, about an inch and a half long, bright yellow.

Grows in the mountainous districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers August — October.

11. Ternatum.

S. caule tereti, laevi;
foliis terno-verticillatis,
petiolatis, lanceolatis,
subdenticulatis, scabri-
usculis, basi ciliatis, su-
perioribus sparsis, ses-
silibus; panicula dicho-
toma; calycibus ciliatis.

Stem terete, smooth;
leaves verticillate by
threes, petiolate, lance-
olate, slightly toothed,
cihate at base, some-
what scabrous, the up-
per ones scattered,
sessile; panicle dicho-
tomous; the calyx frin-
ged.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2333. Pursh, 2. p. 578. Nutt. 2. p. 183.

Stem four to six feet high, slightly angled, glabrous. Leaves nearly ses-
sile, all narrow lanceolate, very acute, denticulately or sometimes acutely
serrate, a little hairy and scabrous on the upper surface, the under reticu-
lately veined and hairy along the midrib and larger veins. Flowers in a
loose terminal corymb. Scales of the involucrum ovate, rather acute, cili-
ate, loosely appressed. Florets of the ray twelve to fourteen, about an inch
and a half long.

I am not satisfied that I have accurately understood these two last species,
nor M far as my specimens are concerned that they are sulhciently distinct;

468

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

but the leaves of»the former are ovate, while in the latter they are narrow
lanceolate, more pubescent underneath, and the corymb more diffuse.

Grows in the mountainous districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers August— October.

12. Atropurpureum. Retz.

S. caule tereti, laevi;
foliis subquaterno-ver-
ticillatis, lanceolatis,
scabiis, subintegerri-
mis, subsessilibus, basi
ciliatis, superioribus
sparsis; panicula dicho-
toma.

Stem terete, smooth;
leaves verticillate by
fours, lanceolate, sca-
brous, nearly entire
and sessile, ciliate at
base, the upper ones
scattered; panicle di-
chotomous.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2334. Pursh, 2. p. 579.

Stem about four feet high, dark purple, somewhat densely clothed with
leaves; the lowest leaves alternate, the next ternate, then quaternate or
rather in approximating pairs; the uppermost scattered, all lanceolate, den-
ticulate, scabrous, with the midrib dark purple, on short fringed petioles.
Florets of the ray very narrow.

This species I have not seen; it is considered by Mr. Nuttall as a variety
of the preceding.

Grows in Carolina and Georgia, Pursh.

Flowers August — September.

13. Dentatum. E.

S. caule erectum,
subglabro; foliis inferi-
oribus oppositis, supe-
rioribus alternis, omni-
bus lanceolatis, sinua-
to-dentatis, pilosis, sca-
bris; floribus corymbo-
sis; involucri squamis
lato-ovatis, ciliatis.

Stem erect, some-
what glabrous; lower
leaves opposite, the
upper alternate, all
lanceolate, sinuate,
toothed, hairy, sca-
brous; flowers in co-
rymbs; scales of the
involucrum broad, o-
vate, ciliate.

Sf NGENESIA NECESSARIA.

469

^ Stem two to three feet high, slightly furrowed, generally glabrous. Up-
per leaves sessile, the lower on short petioles, irregularly and coarsely
toothed, sometimes slightly sinuate and veined along the margin, hairy and
scabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in a small terminal corymb. Scales
of the involucrum ovate, broad, handsomely fringed. Florets of the ray
about ten, nearly elliptic, scarcely an inch long.

This is nearly allied to S. Astericus, but it seems sufficiently distinct by
its glabrous stem and its corymbose and smaller flowers; its leaves loo ap-
pear to be more rigid and perhaps less scabrous on the under surface.

Grows in the western districts of Cieorgia.

Flowers August — September.

14. AsTERiscus. Lin.

S. caule simplici, le-
reti, hispido; foliis op-
positis alternisve, ob-
longis, aculis, serratis,
scabris; floribus paucis,
pleiumque solitariis.

Stem simple, terete^
hispid; leaves opposite
or alternate, oblong,
acute, serrate, sca-
brous; flowers few,
generally solitary.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2S32. Mich. 2. p. 146. Pursh, 2. p. ."ifS.

Stem two to three feet high, terete, very hispid. Leaves all lanceolate,
acute, serrate, sometimes coarsely dentate, scabrous, and somewhat hispid
on both surfaces; the lower on short petioles, generally opposite; the upper
alternate, sessile, sometimes all alternate. Floioers never numerous, fre-
quently solitary, terminal. Scales of the involucrum ovate ciliate, the ex-
terior acute. Florets of the ray eight to ten.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers June — August. ^

15. PuMiLUM. Mich.

S. caule petiohsque
tomentosis; ramis uni-
floris; foliis alternis,
cordato-ovatis, serra-
tis, petiolatis, subtus
albo tomentosis; semi-
nibus muticis.

Stem and petioles
tomentose; branches
one-flowered; leaves
alternate, coidate, o-
vate, serrate, petiolate,
white and tomentose
underneath; seeds un-
awned.

470

SYNGENESIA KECESSARIA.

Mich. 2. p. 146. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2332. Pursh, 2. p. 578. Nutt. 2. p.
183.
S. Toraentosum, Pursh, 2. p. 579.

Stem two to three feet high, erect and procumbent, terete, covered like the
underside of the leaves with' a white tomentum. Leaves oblong, acute, irre-
gularly toothed, conspicuously veined, the upper surface green, pubescent,
the uppermost simply ovate. Flowers few, in an irregular corymb. Scales
of the involucrum eight to ten, ovate, tomentose, imbricate. Florets of the
ray eight to ten, rarely exceeding an inch in length, pubescent on the outer
surface; of the disk numerous, dark purple. Seed obovate, crowned when
young with two deciduous setaceous awns-
Grows in the high dry pine barrens in the middle country.
Flowers July — August.

16. Elatum. Pursh.

S. foliis alternis, pe-
tiolalis^ cordatis, sinu-
atis; iiivolucri squamis
obtusis.

Leaves alternate,
petiolate, cordate, sin-
uate; scales of the in-
volucrum obtuse.

Pursh, 2. p. 579.
Grows in Carolina.

Pursh.

17. Reticulatu3i. Pursh.

S. foliis alternis,
ovato-lanceolatis, cor-
datis, serratis, obtusi-
usculis, villosiusculis.

Leaves alternate,
ovate-lanceolate, cor-
date, serrate, rather
obtuse, slightly villous.

Pursh, 2. p. 579. '

These two species witli which I am unacquainted, and which are very
imperfectly distinguished, were described by Pursh from specimens in the
Herbarium of Sir .Joseph Banks. They were probably collected by Bartram
(to whom the Botanists of the last century were indebted for a knowledge
of many of our plants) on the confines of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama,
the country of the Helianthus, tlie Silphiura, the Rudbeckia, and perhaps I
may add of the Solidago.

SYNGENISIA NECESSARIA.

471

POLYMNIA. Gen. Pl. 1335.

Involucrum duplex;
exterius 4 — 5 phyllum;
interius 10-phyllum,
foliolis concavis. Re-
ceptaculum paleaceum.
Pappus nullus.

Involucrum double,
the exterior 4 — 5 leav-
ed, the interior 10-
leaved, leaves concave.
Receptacle chaffy.
Pappus 0.

1. Canadensis.

P. viscido-villosa;
foliis denticulatis acu-
minatis, inferioribus
pinnatifidis, superiori-
bus trilobis, integrisve.

Viscid, villous; leaves
denticulate, acuminate,
the lower pinnatifid,
the upper three lobed
or entire.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 2335. Mich. 2. p. 147-

183.

Pursh, 2. p. 579. Nutt. 2. p.

Stem two to four feet high, villous, somewhat scabrous. Leaves some-
what ovate, thin, slightly scabrous, finely serrate, the upper entire in the
outline, the lower becoming deeply lobed and pinnatifid. Flowers in a
loose terminal panicle. Peduncles and scales of the involucrum very viscid
and villous. Florets of the ray ten, small, yellow.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina, Dr. Macbride.

Flowers July — September.

2. UVEDALIA.

P, foliis oppositis,
trilobis, acutis, in peti-
olum decurrentibus,
lobis anguloso-sinuatis;
radiis elongatis.

Leaves opposite, 3-
lobed, acute, attenua-
ted to a petiole, lobes
angled and sinuate; flo-
rets of the ray long.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 2335. Walt. p. 2l6. Mich. 2. p. 147. Pursh, 2. p. 579-
Nutt. 2. p. 183.

Root perennial. Stem three to five feet high, terete, slightly sulcate, vil-
lous, scabrous, branches generally ternate. Leaves opposite, sometimes

472

SYNGENESIA NECES3ARIA.

ternate, hairy, scabrous, ovate, three to five lobed, tapering at base into a
petiole with sinuate wings two to three inches long. Flowers in a loose
terminal panicle, the branches opposite or ternate. Exterior scales of the
involucrum much larger, the interior ovate, ciliate, somewhat scabrous, the
interior lanceolate, acuminate, villous, embracing the germs, and forming in
fact only the exterior series of the scales of the receptacle. Florets of the
ray ten, lanceolate, three-toothed, yellow, about an inch long; of the disk
very numerous. Seeds nearly spherical, somewhat compressed, glabrous.
Receptacle flat, chaffy.

Grows in dry soils — in old pastures common.

Flowers June — August.

CHRYSOGONUM. Gen. Pl. 1337.

Involucrum 5-phyl-
lum. Receptaculum

?aleaceum. Pappus
-phyllus, 3-dentatus.
Semina caliculo 4-
phylio involuta.

Involucrum 5-Ieav-
ed. Receptacle chaffy.
Pappus 1 -leaved, 3-
toothed. Seed enfold-
ed in a 4-leaved calyx.

1. VlRGINIANUM.

Wah. p. 217. Mich. 2. p. 148. Pursh, 2. p. 579-

Sp. pl. 3. 2337.
Nutt. 2. p. 184.

Root perennial, stoloniferous. Stem six to twelve inches long, decum-
bent, very villous. Leaves opposite, oblong, lanceolate or oval, crenately
toothed, triplinerved, tapering to a long petiole, villous. Flowers solitary,
generally terminal. Scales of the involucrum five, oblong, somewhat ellip-
tic, villous. Florets of the ray five, five to eight lines long, wide, yellow;
of the disk numerous. Seed four-angled, compressed, a little hairy, crowned
at the summit with a short three-toothed pappus, open or divided on the
interior side, and enveloped by a four-leaved calyx, of which the exterior
leaf is large and infolds the seed and the other three. •>

Grows in rich dry soils, creeping on the surface.

Flowers April — ^June.

GYMNOSTYLES. Jussieu.

Calyx polyphyllus
ordine simplici. Flos-
cull foeminei apetali.

Calyx many leaved
in a simple series. Fe-
male Jlorets apetalous.

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

473

Semina compressa, Seeds compressed,

apice subdenlata, stylo slightly toothed on the
persistente aiistata. summit, awned with

the persistent style.

1. Stoloivifera?

G. herbacea, pro-
cumbens, repens, gla-
bra; foliis pinnatifidis,
floribiis ad radicem
sessihbus.

Herbaceous, pro-
cumbent, creeping,
glabrous; leaves pin-
natifid; flowers sessile
at the root.

Nutt. 2. p. 134.

Hippia Stolonifera? Sp. pi. 3. p. 2383.

Persoon, 2. p. 497-

Koot perhaps perennial, shooting out short runners (stolones) on all sides
just under the surface of the ground, which produce new plants; each plant
bearing five to six radical leaves and one sessile capitulum in the centre of the
leaves, heaves small, pinnatifid, with the segments linear and sometimes
toothed, somewhat succulent and sprinkled with soft cottony hairs, the peti-
ole-like base of the leaves four to eight lines long. Involucrum twelve to
sixteen leaved, in a simple series; leaflets oblong, rather obtuse, hairy. Ste-
rile ^orefs in the centre of the capitulum, corolla funnel shaped, very slen-
der, anthers closely united. Female florets in the circumference, corolla
and stamens 0, germ dilated and woolly at the summit, margined. Style
long, incurved, slightly two-cleft. Receptacle naked. Seed inversely
wedge-shaped, crowned with the persistent style, winged, margin corrugate.

R. Brown is disposed to consider Gymnostyles as only a section of the
genus Soliva. The character of that genils, however, as given in Persoon,
must be reformed before it can include this plant.

Grows in damp sandy soils. On Harleston's Green, Charleston. Mr.
Middleton's, Ashley River. Mr. Pinckney's, Ashepoo.

Flowers February — May.

PARTHENIUM. Gen. Pl. 1428.

Involucrum 5-phyl-
lum. Radii coroUulce
minimae. Semina ob-
ovata. Pappus nullus.
Receptaculiim palea-
ceum, planum.

VOL. IT. O

Involucrum 5-leav-
ed. Florets of the ray
very small. Seed oho-
vate. Pappus 0. Re-
ceptacle chaffy, flat.

8

474

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

1. Integrifolium. Lin.

P. foliis oblongis, in-
aeqiialiter dentatis, as-
peris, superioribus am-
plexicaulibiis.

Leaves oblong, une-
qually toothed, rough,
the upper ones amplex-
icaule.

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2385. Mich. 2. p. 147- Pursh, 2. p. 580. Nutt. 2. p.
183.

Root perennial. Stem one to two feet high, striate, slightly scabrous.
Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, sessile, the upper amplexicaule, toothed,
very scabrous on both surfaces. Flowers numerous in a teiminal corymb.
Scales of the involucruni five-leaved, villous. Florets of the ray five, very
small; of the disk numerous, tomentose. Seed obovate. Receptacle chaffy.
(The five external scales of the receptacle very broad, shielding the same
number of minute radial florets, each connected at the base with two mascu-
line sheathed florets, Nutt.)

Grows in dry soils, in the middle and upper districts of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers June — September.

IVA. Gen. Pl. 1429.

Involucrum 5 (5 —
10?) phyllum. Radii
corollulce 5, nudae.
Antherce approximatae,
non coalitae. Semina

Involucrum 5 (5 —
10?) leaved. Florets
of the ray naked. An-
thers approximate not
united. Seed obovate.

obovata. Pappus nul- Pappus 0. Receptacle

lus. Receptaculum se-

tosum.

bristly.

L Frutescens. Lin.

I. fruticosa; fohis
oppositis, lanceolatis,
profunde serratis, sub
scabris; capituUs de-
presso globosis.

Shrubby; leaves op-
posite, lanceolate, deep-
ly serrate, slightly sca-
brous; heads globular
depressed.

SYCIGENESIA NECESSARIA. 475

Sp. pi. 3. p. 2387. Walt. p. 232. Midi. 2. p. 184. Pursh, 2. p. 580.
Nutt. 2. p. 185.

A shrub three to eight feet high, with very numerous opposite branches
and leaves. Stem slightly furrowed, when young somewhat scabrous and
pubescent. Leaves three-nerved, slightly scabrous with a somewhat dotted
and uneven surface, of a greyish hue, attenuated at base into a short petiole.
Flowers axillary, frequently in pairs, deflected, in simple axillary racemes
forming together a large terminal panicle. Involuci'um five-leaved, the
leaves nearly round, viscidly pubescent. Fertile ^ore/s five in the circum-
ference. Corolla very small, tubular, generally two? cleft. Style two-
cleft, longer than the corolla. Stigmas obtuse. Malej^ore^s in the centre
of the disk six to seven. Corolla longer than the involucrum, five-cleft,
tinged with purple, stamens five, growing from the base of the corolla.
Germ and Style very small, abortive. Seed abortive, naked. Bristles of
the receptacle as many as the florets, as long as the corolla.

Grows along the seacoast in the vicinity of salt water — very common.

Flowers July — September.

2. Imbricata. Walt.

I. perennis, glabra;
foliis lineari-lanceola-
tis, cuneatis, carnosis,
superioribus alternis
integerrimisque; invo-
lucris imbricatis; re-
ceptaculi paleis spathu-
latis. E.

Perennial, glabrous;
leaves linear-lanceo-
late, cuneate, succulent,
the upper alternate and
very entire; involu-
crum imbricate; chaff
of the receptacle spa-
thulate.

Walt. p. 232. Sp. pi. 3. p. 2387. Mich. 2. p. 184. Pursh, 2. p. 580.
Nutt. 2. p. 185.

Root perennial. Stem annual, terete, slightly angled towards the sum-
mit, when young green, afterwards dark purple. Leaves sessile, succulent,
three-nerved, generally alternate, the lower sometimes opposite, and some-
times coarsely toothed. Flowers axillary, forming simple racemes towards
the summit of the branches, pendulous. Scales of the involucrum six to
nine, imbricate, nearly round, carnose, veined, the margin membranaceous
and crenately lacerate. Fertile florets two, the corolla very minute, five-
parted (sometimes appearing multifid) at the summit. Style twice as long
as the corolla; stigmas simple. Male florets numerous. Corolla as long
as the involucrum, white. Anthers approximate not united. Seeds slightly
compressed, dark purple. Chafi'of the receptacle as long as the involucrum,
narrow spathulate, crenulate at the summit.

Grows among the drifting sand hills along the margin of the ocean.

Flowers July — October.

476

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

AMBROSIA. Gen. Pl.

Monoica. Floris
masculi — involucrum 1
phyllum, haemispheri-
cum, multiflorum; art"
therce approximatae
non coalitae; receptacu-
lum nudum. Flor,
foem. — involucrum 1
phyllum, sub integer
aut 5 dentatum; 1-flo-
rum; corolla nulla;
sty It 2; nux e calyce
indurate, 1-sperma.

Monoecious. Male
Jiorets — involucrum 1-
leaved, hemisphaerical,
many flowered; an-
thers approximate not
united; receptacle nak-
ed. Female Jiorets —
involucrum 1 -leaved,
entire or 5-toothed, 1-
flowered; corolla 0;
styles 2; nut formed
from the indurated ca-
lyx, 1-seeded.

1. TniFmA. Lin.

A. hirsuta, aspera;
foliis 3-lobis, serratis,
lobis ovali-lanceolatis,
acuminatis; fructu in-
fra apicem 6-spinoso.

Hirsute, rough;
leaves 3-lobed, serrate,
the lobes oval-lanceo-
late, acuminate; fruit
6-spined below the
summit.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 375. Mich. 2. p. 183. Pursh, 2. p. 581. Nutt. 2. p. 186.

Plant annual, four to eight feet high. Stem hairy, and scabrous. Leaves
generally opposite, rather large, deeply three-cleft, hairy and scabrous, the
segments lanceolate, acuminate, serrate. The jiowers as in all of this genus
may be considered as in large terminal panicles composed of axillary and
terminal spikes. The heads of male florets numerous, solitary, somewhat
crowded along the summit of the spike; the fertile florets in small clusters of
two to five at the base, surrounded by two or three bracteal leaves. Involu-
crum of the male florets one-leaved, five to eight lobed, hairy. Corolla
small, tubular, white. Stamens distinct. Involucrum of the fertile florets
five-lobed, persistent, germ somewhat obovate, abruptly acuminate. Styles
two, distinct. Nut one-celled, one-seeded, formed of the indurated involu-
crum, crowned with six short spines or teeth surrounding the acuminated
summit.

STNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

477

Grows in rich soils, in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.
Flowers August — September.

2. Elatior. Lin.

A. foliis bipinnatifi-
dis, glabriusculis; peti-

olis

longe

ciliatis; ra-

cemis terminalibus;
caule virgato.

Leaves bipinnatifid,
nearly glabrous; peti-
ole conspicuously frin-
ged; racemes terminal;
stem virgate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 376. Pursh, 2. p. 581. Nutt. 2. p. 186.

Stem four to seven feet high, when young pubescent. Upper leaves al-
ternate, the lower sometimes opposite, all bipinnatifid with segments acute,
somewhat hairy. Flotvers in paniculate racemes. Heads of the male^o-
rets globular; involucrum sprinkled with hairs, slightly and irregularly
lobed; corolla white. Fertile ^ore^s in small distinct clusters; styles two.
Nut crowned with six short spines.

Grows in pastures and rich soils, in the upper districts of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers July — September.

3. Artemisifolia. Lin.

A. foliis bipinnatifi-
dis, subtus canescenti-
bus, summis pinnatifi-
dis; racemis ternis, ter-
minalibus; ramis fasti-
giatis.

Leaves bipinnatifid,
hoary underneath, the
uppermost pinnatifid;
racemes by threes, ter-
minal; branches fasti-
giate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 376. Pursh, 2. p. 581. Nutt. 2. p.
A. Absynthifolia, Mich. 2. p. 183.

Stem four to six feet high, branching and with the leaves a little pubes-
cent. Leaves sometimes opposite at base, alternate towards the summit,
generally bipinnatifid, the segments larger and more distant than in the pre-
ceding species, nearly glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent and hoary
underneath; racemes scattered, loosely paniculate. Heads of male Jlorets
small, globular; female ^ore^s remote, axillary, sessile. .Si^;/rte« of the fruit
very short, acute.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina, Mich.

Flowers August — September.

478

SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA.

4. Paniculata. Mich.

A. caule ramosissi-
mo, superne paniculate,
petiolisque villosis; fo-
liis utrinqiie viiidibus
bipinnatifidis, laciniis
lanceolatis; fructibus
aggregatis, pusilIis,glo-
boso-obovatis, subin-
ermibus.

Stem branching, pa-
niculate at the summit,
and with the petioles
villous; leaves green
on each surface, bipin-
natifid, the segments
lanceolate; fruit some-
what clustered, small,
obovate, slightly arm-
ed.

Mich. 2. p. 183. Sp. pi. 4. p. 376. Pursh, 2. p. 581. Nutt. 2. p. 186.
Iva Monophylla, Walt. p. 232.

Root annual. Stem two to four feet high, branching, pubescent and
hairy, somewhat scabrous. Leaves alternate, the lower compoundly, the
upper simply pinnatifid, the segments all acute, somewhat hairy and sca-
brous. Flowers in simple racemes, terminal and axillary, the lower fertile,
the upper sterile. Calyx of the sterile florets turbinate, ten-flowered, irre-
gularly ten-toothed. Corolla globose. Stamens five, united on a pedicel.
Fruit slightly muricate near the summit.

Grows in cultivated ground — very common.

Flowers July — September.

XANTHIUM. Gen. Pl. 1426.

Monoicum. Floris
masculi — receptaculum
paleaceum; antherce
approximatae non coa-
litae; involucrum poly-
phyllum, imbricatum,
multiflorum. Floris
foem. involucrum 2-
phyllum, 2-florum; co-
rolla 0; drupa sicca,
muricata, 2-fida. Nux
2-locularis.

Monoecious. Male
florets — receptacle chaf-
fy; anthers approxi-
mate, not united, invo-
lucrum many leaved,
imbricate, many flow-
ered. Yem^iXe florets —
involucrum 2-leaved,
2- flowered; corolla 0;
drupe dry, muricate, 2-
cleft; nut 2-celled.

SYNGENESIA NECES3ARIA.

1. Strumarium.

479

X. caule inermi, ra-
mose; foliis cordatis,
lobatis, serratis^, sca-
bris, Irinervibus; fruc-
tibus ellipticis, pubes-
centibus, setis rigidis
uncinatis.

Stem unarmed,
branching; leaves cor-
date, lobed, serrate,
scabrous, three-nerved;
fruit elHptic, pubescent,
armed with rigid hook-
ed bristles.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 373. Mich. 2. p. 182. Pursh, 2. p. 581. Nutt. 2. p. 186.
X. Americanum, Walt. p. 231.

Plant annual. Stem three to six feet high, branching, angleH, pubescent,
and very scabrous. Leaves alternate, generally three-lobed, the lobes
coarsely toothed, pubescent and very scabrous on both surfaces, six to eight
inches long, nearly of the same width, on petioles three to four inches long.
Heads of m^\e florets arranged on axillary racemes. Leaves of the involu-
crum subulate. Stamens united at base. Anthers distinct. Chaff of the
receptacle subulate. Fertile florets one or two at the base of each raceme.
Invohccrum ten-leaved, two-flowered, the leaflets subulate, equal. Proper
calyx an arillus? oblong, armed with hooked prickles of which the two at the
summit become much larger than the others. Seed oblong, inclosed in the
persistent calyx.

The germs in this plant which when young appear to be distinct, unite as
they mature and form a two-celled bipartible? fruit.

Grows in fields and about buildings — very common but not indigenous.

Flowers July — October. Sheep-bur.

2. Spinosum.

X. spinis
foliis trilobis.

ternatis;

Spines ternate; leaves
three-lobed.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 374. Nutt. 2. p. 186.

Annual. Stem three to five feet high, terete, pubescent. Leaves alter-
nate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, when young entire, when old, three-lobed,
pale green, pubescent on the upper surface, almost tomentose underneath.
Petioles two to three lines long, a spine three-forked, rigid, about an inch
long, grows on one side of each petiole. Heads of male florets solitary,
axillary at the base of each spine. Involucrum many leaved; leaves ovate.
Filaments longer than the corolla, united at base. Anthers distinct. Fer-
tile florets solitary, axillary, opposite the spine. Proper cali/x armed with
short hooked prickles. Styles two. Fruit two-celled.

An exotic now very common along the seacoast of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers July — October.

480

STNGENESIA SEGREGATA^

SYNGENESIA SEGREGATA.

ELEPHANTOPUS. Gen. Pl. 1347.

Tnvolucrum partiale,
4-florum. Corollulce
ligulatae, hermaphrodi-
tae. Pappus setaceus.
Receptaculum nudum.

Partial iiwolucrum,
4-flowered. Florets
ligulate, hermaphro-
dite. Pappus setace-
ous. Receptacle nak-
ed.

1. Carolinianus. Willd.

E. foliis radicahbus
caulinisque oblongis.

Leaves of the root
and stem oblong, ta-

basi angustatis, subpi- pering at base, hairy;

losis; caule folioso, pi-
loso.

stem leafy, hairy.

Sp. pl. 3. p. 2390. Pursh, 2. p. 582. Nutt. 2. p. 187-
E. Scaber, Walt. p. 217- Mich. 2. p. 148.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, terete, villous, particularly
near the base, branching towards the summit, heaves numerous on the
stem, oblong lanceolate, serrate, thin, slightly scabrous and hairy on both
surfaces, tapering to an attenuated base near two inches long. Flowers
sessile, in terminal clusters. Bracteas three unequal leaves, cordate, vil-
lous, sessile at the base of each capitulura. Heads generally composed of
four clusters each four-flowered. Involucrum of the clusters nine to ten
leaved, leaves linear lanceolate, hairy on the outside, the interior the longest.
Florets all fertile. Corolla purple, tubular, five-cleft, deeply divided on
one side so that the border becomes flat and ligulate, like the first division of
the Syn. ^Equalis to which this genus is closely allied. Seeds oblong,
slightly angled. Pappus setaceous, awns five?

Grows in dry, moderately fertile soils.

Flowers July — September.

STNGENESIA
2. NUDICAULIS. E.

E. foliis radicalibus
ovali-lanceolatis, cre-
nato-serratis, scabriiis-
culis, subtus villosis;
caule sub liirto, scabro,
sub iiudo.

SEGREGATA.

481

Leaves of the root
oval lanceolate, cre-
nately serrate, some-
what scabrous, hairy
underneath; stem hai-
ry, rough, nearly nak-
ed.

E. Tonientosus? Pursh, 2. p. 582.

E. Carolinianus, var. Simplex, Nutt. 2. p. 187.

Stem one to two feet high, scabrous, and somewhat hispid, branching to-
wards the summit, generally purple. Root leaves large,%cabrous on^t^^e
upper surface very villous on the under. Stem leaves 0, excepting a small
ZolV:^',^^:'''''''''''^'''''' ^-^'-^tomentose. 'scai: 7^1

This species which has always been confounded with the preceding
though marked as a variety by Mr. Nuttall, is probably distinct. Its leave!
are larger more rigid, more villous, and confined to the base of the stem.
1 he bracteal leaves are much more tomentose, and the scales of the involu-
flo7errng latef. ' ^""^P^^^^'^^'^ I°"g^r. It appears also to commence
Grows in dry moderately fertile soils.
Flowers August— September.

VOL. n.

?^

482

GVNANDRIA MOI^ANDRIA.

CLass x\x.

GYNANDRIA.

§ MONANDRIA.

522 ORCHIS.

523 HABENARIA.

524 GOODYERA.

525 NEOTTIA.

526 CRANICHIS.

527 LISTERA.

528 POGONIA.

529 TRIPHORA.

530 CALOPOGON.

531 ARETHUSA.

532 BLETIA.

533 TIPULARIA.

534 MALAXIS.

535 CORALLORHIZA.

536 EPIDENDRUM.

DiANDKIA.

537 CYPRIPEDIUM.

Hexandria.
536 ARISTOLOCHIA.

t Antheim adnata,
sub terminalis, persis-
tens. Pollinia hasi
affixa e particulis an-
gulatis elastice cohce-
rentibus, composita.

t Anthers adnate,
nearly terminal, per-
sistent, Pollinia affixed
by the base, composed
of angular particles
elastically cohering.

ORCHIS. Gen. Pl.

Corolla ringens, pe-
talo superiore fornica-
te. Labellum dilatum,
basi subtus calcaratum.
Pollinia 2, terrainalia,
adnata.

Corolla ringent, the
upper petal vaulted.
Lip dilated with a spur
beneath at base. Pol"
linia (anthers, Lin.) 2,
terminal^ adnate.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

483

1. CiLiARis. Lin.

O. labello oblongo-
lanceolato, pinnatim
ciliato, petalis duplo
longiore; cornu ger-
mine longiore.

Lip oblong-lanceo-
late, pinately ciliate,
twice as long as the
petals; horn longer
than the germ.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 8. Walt. p. 280. Mich. 2. p. 156. Pursli, 2. p. 585.
Nutt. 2. p. 188.

Root perennial, composed of two small tubers. Stem one to two feet
high, leafy, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, acute, entire, nerved, sheathing at
base, six to eight inches long, one to two wide. Flowers in a terminal
spike, yellow, each protected by a leaf at base. Perianth 6-parted, ? segments
exterior, the upper erect, concave, the two lower obovate, deflected; three
interior, the two lateral very small, incised at the summit; the inferior seg-
ment or labellum narrow lanceolate, longer than the lateral segments, beau-
tifully laciniate or fringed. Hotm at the base of the labellum filiform, longer
than the germ. Capsule triquetrous, six furrowed, one celled, three valved.
Seeds very numerous, very small.

Grows in wet soils — common along the margin of swamps.

Flowers July — August.

2. Blephariglottis. Willd.

O. labello lanceolato,
ciliato, longitudine pe-
tali supremi; cornu ger-
mine longiore.

Lip lanceolate, cili-
ate, as long as the up-
per petal; horn longer
than the germ.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 9. Pursh, 2. p. 585. Nutt. 2. p. 188.

This plant at least as understood by many of our botanists, though readily
distinguished by its white corolla or perianth, is a very doubtful species. It
grows intermingled with the O. Ciliaris, and excepting by colour is not
easily discriminated. In the plants I have examined neither labellum nor
horn furnished any permanent distinctions.

Grows with the preceding species in wet soils.

Flowers July — August.

3. Cristata. Mich.

O. labello oblongo, I Lip oblong, pinnate-
pinnatim ciliato; peta- I ly ciliate, petals round,

484

GVNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

lis rotiniclatis, binis la-
teral! bus dentatis; cor-
nii genuine breviore.

the two lateral toothed;
horn shorter than the
germ.

Mich. 2. p. 156. Sp.pl. 4. p. 9. Pursh, 2. p. 585. Nutt. 2. p. 188.

Root tuberous. Stem erect, one to two feet high, slightly angled, leafy,
glabrous. Leaves four to six inches long, one wide, lanceolate, nerved,
sheathing at base. Flowers somewhat crowded, in a terminal spike. Pe-
rianth six-parted, yellow, the three exterior segments oval, entire, equal; of
the interior the two lateral are smaller than the exterior, obovate, obtuse,
incised or sharply toothed, the lower or labellum a little longer than the ex-
terior segments, lanceolate, fringed. Horn about half as long as the germ.
Filament (Caudicula, Richard) short, thick, bifid, forming the back and up-
per part of the genitaliferous column. (Gynostemium, R.) Follinia in-
curved, ovate, alternate at the summit, with a white gland on one side, open-
ing at the summit and discharging elastically the pollen, which appears to
be attached originally to a viscous pedicel. Germ inferior, somewhat spiral,
attenuated toward the summit. Sti/le short, thick, forming the lower part of
the gynostemium. Stigma depressed, glandular. Seeds very numerous,
small.

Grows in damp soils along the margin of swamps, commonly intermin-
gled with the two preceding species. It is readily distinguished by its small-
er and more densely clustered flowers.

Flowers July — August.

4. Lacera. Mich.

O. labello petahs
duplolongiore, tripar-
tito, laciniis multifidis;
petalis exterioribus
ovato-lanceolatis, inte-
rioribus Unearibus;
cornu gerraine brevi-
ore. E.

Lip twice as long as
the petals, three-part-
ed, with the segments
many cleft; exterior
petals ovate lanceolate,
the interior linear;
horn shorter than the
germ.

Mich. 2. p. 156. Pursh, 2. p. 586.

Root Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, slender, glabrous.

Leaves narrow lanceolate, nerved, sheathing at base. Flowers rather scat-
tered along a terminal s,pike. Bracteal leaf shorter than the germs. Exte-
rior segments of the perianth equal, ovate lanceolate, rather acute, of the
interior the two lateral are very narrow, strap-shaped, rather obtuse, as long
as the exterior, the labellum twice as long, three parted from the middle, so
that the undivided base is nearly as long as the segments.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

485

From the O. Psycodes (judging from specimens sent me by Muhlenberg)
this plant difiers essentially. It is distinguished by a more scattered spike,
and by every portion of the flower, germ, segments, and labellum, longer
and proportionally narrower.

Grows in the middle districts of Carolina. St. Stephen's, Dr. Macbride.

Flowers —

5. Flava? Lin.

O. labello ovato,
dentato crenatoque;
cornu attenuato geimi-
nis loiigitiidiae; spica
conferta; biacteis lon-
gitudine florum.

Lip ovate, toothed
and crenate; horn ta-
pering as long as the
germ; spike crowded;
bracteas as long as the
flowers.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 33. Pursh, 2. p. 586. Nutt. 2. p. 188.

Stem about two feet high. Leaves narrow lanceolate, sheathing, the
upper one small. Flowers in a short crowded spike, yellow. Bracteal
leaves sometimes not longer than the germ. Exterior segments of the peri-
anth larger than the interior; labellum lanceolate, the sides toothed or cre-
nate, almost fimbriate. Horn subulate, generally shorter than the germ
nearly acute at the point. '

This is the O. Flava of Nuttall; it appears however, to difler nuich from
the origmal O. Flava of Clayton, ("floribus in spica longa congestis; labio
mferiore nectaru trifido; lacinia intermedia majore; calcare germine lonffi-
ore." Gron. Fl. Vir. p. 137. & s

Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers in the summer.

6. NivEA. Nutt.

O. labello Hneari-ob-
longo, integro; petahs
patentibus; cornu fili-
formi, germine longi-
ore; foliis inferioribus
linearibus praelongis,
superioribus subulatis.
Nutt.

Nutt. 2. p. 188.

Lip linear, oblong,
entire; petals expand-
ing; horn filiform, lon-
ger than the germ;
lower leaves linear,
very long, the upper
subulate.

486

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

Lower leaves narrow, a span long, the upper very small. Spike rather
dense, two to three inches long, bracteal leaves shorter than the germ.
Flowers white, lip longer than the interior segments of the perianth. Geni-
taliferous column comparatively small, the pollinia consequently nearly ses-
sile. Nutt.

Grows near St. Mary's, Georgia. Described by Mr. Nuttall from speci-
mens collected by Dr. Baldwin. I have specimens which appear to agree
with this species in which the horn is generally twice as long as the germ.

Flowers —

7. Clavellata. Mich.

O. labello ovato^ in-
tegerrimo; petalis con-
niventibus; cornu cla-
vato, longitudine ger-
minis; caule unifoliato.

Lip ovate, entire;
petals connivent; horn
elavate, as long as the
germ; stem one-leafed.

Mich. 2. p. 155. Pursh, 2. p. 586. Nutt. 2. p. 189.
O. Tridentata, Sp. pi. 4. p. 41.

Stem about twelve inches high, glabrous, slender, heaves lanceolate,
nerved, sheathing, one large leaf near the base, and a few small ones towards
the spike; sometimes though rarely two large leaves are found upon the
stem. Floicers in a short, rather compact spike, small. Petals nearly
equal, ovate, obtuse. Lahellum longer than the petals, slightly three-tooth-
ed at the summit. Ho7'n longer than the germ, conspicuously thickened at
the end. (Corolla white, Pursh.)

Grows in the middle and upper districts of Georgia and Carolina.

Flowers —

8. VlRlDIS.

O. labello hneari,
apice tridentato; peta-
lis conniventibus; cor-
nu obtuso, scrotiformi;
bracteis flore sesqui-
longioribus.

Lip linear, three
toothed at the summit;
petals connivent; horn
obtuse, scrotiform;
bracteas longer than
the flower.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 33. Pursh, 2. p. 587. Nutt. 2. p. 189.

Not above three inches high. Flower small, greenish white.
With this species I am unacquainted.

Pursh.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

487

Grows in dry grassy places on the high mountains of Virginia and Caro-
lina. Pursh.

Flowers June — July.

9. Spectabilis.

O. labello obovato,
indiviso, crenato, retu-
so; petalis rectis, late-
ralibus longioribus;
cornu clavato germine
breviore; bracteis flore
longioribus; caule a-
phyllo.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 56. Pursh, 2. p. 587-
O. Humilis, Mich. 2. p. 155.

Root palmate, mostly two-leaved; scape acutely pentangular, sometimes
producing a leaf, few flowered; bracteas large and lanceolate; spur thick and
obtuse, compressed, subclavate, about the length of the germ. Segments of
the petaloid calyx all connivent and adhering, never expanding, of a bluish
purple; lip white, broad ovate and entire. Pollinia clavate, pedicellate,
concealed within the lateral cucullate cells of the genitaliferous column,
grains of the pollen agglutinated by the base, Nuttall.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Michaux.

Flowers May — June.

Lip obovate, undivi-
ded, crenate, retuse;
petals straight, the lat-
eral ones long; horn
clavate, shorter than
the germ; bracteas lon-
ger than the flower;
stem leafless.

Nutt. 2. p. 189.

10. FUSCESCENS?

O. labello ovato, ba-
si dentato, petalis pa-
tentibus; cornu subu-
lato, germinis longitu-
dine.

Lip ovate, toothed
at base, petals expand-
ing; horn subulate, as
long as the germ.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 33. Pursh, 2. p. 587- Nutt. 2. p. 189-

Stem about twelve inches high, leafy, glabrous. Leaves large for the
size of the plant, lanceolate, glabrous, sheathing at base. Flowers rather
scattered in a terminal spike. Rachis angled. Corolla small, (brownish
yellow, Pursh,) the labellum longer than the other segments. Horn not as
long as the germ.

48B

6YNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

I have specimens collected by Mr. Jackson near Louisville, Georgia,
agreeing very nearly with others sent me from New-York under this name,
by Dr. Torrey. In our southern species the bracteal leaves are scarcely
longer than the germ, the upper ones not as long, and the horn decidedly
shorter than the germ. Whether these plants agree really with the Siberian
O. Fuscescens, of which there is no detailed description in Willdenow, re-
mains yet to be determined. I should scarcely expect to meet with a Sibe-
rian plant in the alluvial districts of Georgia.

Grows on grassy hills. Pursh.

Flowers July. Pursh.

11. BiDENTATA. E.

O. labello ovali, ob-
longo, basi bidentala;
petalis ovatis, patenti-
bus; cornu genuine
incrassato-breviore; fo-
liis angusto lanceolatis,
caule nudiusculo. E.

Lip oval, oblong, 2-
toollied at base; petals
ovate, expanding; horn
shorter than the thick-
ened germ; leaves nar-
now
nearly naked.

lanceolate; stem

To the former species this has much affinity. It appears from specimens
to be a taller plant with a more naked stem; the bracteal leaves abouUas
long as the flower, the corolla larger, the labellura oval, longer than the
petals, entire, excepting the two very distinct teeth near the base, horn
scarcely more than half the length of the germ, somewhat thickened at the
point; germ unusually thick; perhaps only differing from O. Fuscescens
from a difference pf soil and in my specimens of maturity.

Grows in the middle districts of Georgia and Carolina.

Flowers —

HABENARIA. Willd.

Corolla ringens, pe-
talis interioribus bipar-
titis. Lahellum dila-
tatum, basi subtus cal-
caratum. Pollinia nu-
da, distinct a. Cor mm
2 staminiformia^ recta

Corolla ringent, with
the interior petals two-
parted. Labellum di-
lated with a spur under-
neath at base. Pollen
masses naked, distinct.
Horns (steril processes)

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

489

ad basin antherae.

2,staminiform, straight,
at the base of the an-
ther.

1. MiCHAUXII. Nutt.

H. labello 3-partito,
laciniis lateralibus se-
taceis; petalis interior-
ibus bipartitis, lacinia
inferiore setaceo, peta-
lis exterioribus fere
dupio longiore; cornu
genuine dupIo longio-
re; foliis ovali-Ianceo-
latis; bracteis acumi-
natis.

Nutt. 2. 189.

O. Quinqueseta, Mich. 2. p. 155. Pursh, 2. p. 586.

^"^"^ ,, , ^^^"^ ^^°"t two feet high, entirely clothed with nume.

rous oval-lanceolate, acute, glabrous leavel, 'sheathing at base W,
three to four inches long nearly one and a half wide, k^.e." scattted fn
a long terminal spike. Bracteas about the length of the germ^va Sce-
olate, slightly acuminate. Three exterior segments of the peHamh ovate
somewhat acute, concave; of the interior the tto lateral biparteTthe UDDe;
segments small the lower linear or setaceous, as long as thrsegm'ems of fhe
h r- .^.f^^^^'"* three-parted, the lateml segments setaceous lonier
than the middle one which is also very narrow. Horn twice as lon'^ as S
germ, somewhat thickened towards the point. ^ ^

.n Jli!! P-^"i '' ^^ T '"'"^ '^'^' ' have only met with it once or twice
and then m dry pine barrens-^near Beaufort. '

t lowers August — October.

Lip 3-parted, lateral
segments setaceous;
interior petals 2-part-
ed, the lower segment
setaceous, nearly twice
as long as the exterior
petal; horn twice as
long as the germ;
leaves oval-lanceolate;
bracteas acuminate.

2. Repens. Nutt.

O. labello 3-partito,
laciniis laterahbus se-
taceis; petalis interior-
ibus bipartitis, lacinia

VOL. II.

q3

Lip 3-parted, the
lateral segments seta-
ceous; interior petals
2-parted, the lower

490

GYNANDRIA MONANDEIA.

inferiore setaceo, peta-
lis exterioribus vix lon-
giore; cornu germinis
longitudine; foliis an-
gusto-lanceolatis; brac-
teis acutis.

segment setaceous,
scarcely longer than
the exterior petals;
horn as long as the
germ; leaves narrow
lanceolate, bracteas
acute.

Nutt. 2. p. 190.

Roottyihevom, creeping. Stem erect, twelve to eighteen i"<^hesj.igh.
Le«.6.not crowded as in the preceding species, narrow l^"^^^^^^' ^ ^-
tinctlv nerved. Bracteas ovate lanceolate, very acute as long as the tlo v^
er- three exterior segments of the perianth lanceolate, the upper vauUed, the
two lateral expanding, of the interior segments, the two lateral biparted
he upper segment of each small, connivent, covered by the vaulted segment
of the oute s'eries, the lower setaceous; the labellum three-parted, the middle
sLment a little broader and shorter than the others. The Pollen masses are
S and distinct, at first enclosed in a hollow sack. Capsule triquetrous,
furrowed, one celled, three-valved. _

Grows in damp soils, common in the low grounds around Savannah; I
have found it also near Beaufort and Charleston.

Flowers July — October.

•(■f Anthera persist-
ens, stigmati parallela,
Pollinia stigmatis sum-
mitati affixa, particulis
far^inaceis sive angula-
tis.

ff Anther per sis tenty
parallel luith the stig-
ma, Pollinia fixed to
the summit of the stig-
ma, composed of fari-
naceous or angular
particles.

GOODYERA. Brown.

Corolla ringens, pe-
talis duobus inferiori-
bus subtus labello gib-
bo apice indiyiso, posi-
tis. Columna libera.
Pollen angulatum.

Corolla ringent, the
two lower petals placed
underneath the gibbous
and undivided lip. Co-
lumn free. Pollen an-
gular.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

1. PUBESCENS. Willd.

491

G. foliis radicalibus
ovatis, petiolatis, reti-
culatis, scapo vaginato
floribusque pubescenti-
biis; labello ovato,
acuminato; petalis o-
vatis.

Leaves radical, o-
vate, petiolate, reticu-
late; scape with its
sheath and flowers
pubescent; lip ovate,
acuminate, petals o-
vate.

Nutt. 2. p. 190.

Neottia Pubescens, Sp. pi. 4. p. 76. Pursh, 2. p. 590.

Satyrium Repens, Mich. 2. p. 157-

Root creeping. Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, resembling a scape,
bearing only a few scattered scale-like flowers, very pubescent towards the
summit. Root leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, reticulately veined, five to
seven nerved, attenuated at base to a petiole about an inch long. Flowers
in a terminal spike. The upper segment of the perianth vaulted, covering
the column, (the labellum ovate, acuminate, Willd.) speckled with purple.

Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina and Georgia, in damp
soils.

Flowers Julv.

NEOTTIA. Swartz.

Corolla ringens, pe-
talis duobus inferiori-
bus sub labello imber-
bi affixis; petalis inte-
rior ib us conniventibus.
Columna aptera. Pol-
len farinaceum.

Corolla ringent, the
two lower petals affixed
under the unbearded
lip; interior petals con-
nivent. Column with-
out wings. Pollen fa-
rinaceous.

1. TORTILIS.

N. foliis radicahbus
linearibus, glabris, a-
cutis; scapo vaginato;
floribus spiraliter se-

Leaves of the root
hnear, glabrous, acute;
scape sheathing; flow-
ers spirally secund;

492

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

cundis; labello trifido, lip three-cleft,
crenulato. late.

crenu-

Sp. pi. 4. p. 74. Pursh, 2. p. 589-
Limodorum Prsecox, Walt. p. 221.
Ophrys iEstivalis, Mich. 2. p. 157.

Nutt. 2. p. 190.

Roots tuberous, creeping. Stem eight to twelve inches high, pubescent
towards the summit. Leaves of the stem subulate, acute, scarcely more than
scales; of the root linear lanceolate, nine to ten inches long, generally de-
caying before the plant begins to flower. Floicers in a compact spiral
spike. Bracteal leaves pubescent, nearly as long as the flower. Segments
of the perianth white, connivent, nearly equal in length. The lip cren-
nlate, indistinctly lobed.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers through the summer.

2. Cernua.

N. foliis lanceolatis,
trinervibus; caule va-
ginato, spica oblonga
densiflora; floribus re-
curvato cernuis; label-
lo oblongo, integerri-
mo, acuto.

Leaves lanceolate,
3-nerved; stem sheath-
ed; spike oblong,
densely flowered; flow-
ers recurved, nodding;
lip oblong, entire, a-
cute.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 75. Pursh, 2. p. 589- Nutt. 2. p. 190.
Limodorum Autumnale, Walt. p. 221.
Ophrys Cernua, Mich. 2. p. 158.

Very similar to the preceding species, from which it differs by a more
crowded spike, and by larger flowers.

This genus merits in this country a farther examination. The number of
varieties distinguished by the size of the flowers, by the extended or con-
tracted spires of the spike, by the period of flowering, would lead to a sus-
picion that we had many species, but in the occeisional examinations I have
given them, I have been able to discover no permanent distinctions.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers through the summer.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRU.

493

CRANICHIS. Swartz.

Corolla pentapetala,
resupinata, subringens.
Labellum fornicatum.
Anthera stylo parallel-
la, postice inserta.

Corolla 5-petalled^
resupine, somewhat
ringent. Lip vaulted.
Anther parallel with
the style, inserted be-
hind.

Root fasciculate, te-
rete, tomentose; leaves
oval-lanceolate, nearly
sessile; scape many
flowered, pubescent
near the summit; inte-
rior petals connivent;
lip vaulted, acuminate.

1. MULTIFLORA.

C. radicibus fascicu-
latis, teretibus, tomen-
tosis; foliis ovaH-lan-
ceolatis, sub sessilibus;
scapo multifloro, su-
perne pubescente; pe-
taHs interioribus conni-
ventibus; labello forni
cato, acuminato. E.

Nutt. 2. p. 191.

Root composed of many terete, villous or tomentose fibres. Scape about
two feet high, pubescent towards the summit. Leaves of the root oval-lan-
ceolate, rather acute, glabrous, nerved, attenuated at base but scarcely pro-
longed to a petiole; of the stem merely sheathing scales. Flowers (fifteen
to twenty) somewhat scattered in a terminal spike. Bracleal leaves very
small, scarcely half as long as the germ, pubescent. Three exterior seg-
ments of the perianth lanceolate, acute, expanding, pubescent on the outer
surface, of the interior segments the two upper (turned downwards from the
resupine position of the flower) obliquely ensiform, connivent at the summit;
labellum fornicate, compressed at the sides, acuminate, generally inclosing
the genitaliferous column. Perianth pale green with streaks of deeper
green, the sides of the labellum edged with a circle of deep green. Column
short, gibbous, with an oblique pointed summit. Anthers inserted behind
the summit, but when the column is enclosed in the labellum, appearing to
be in front. Germ somewhat triquetous, tapering to the base.

Apparently allied to the C. Pauciflora of Jamaica.

Collected by Dr. Macbride in St. John's, Berkeley.

Flowers October.

494

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

LISTERA* Brown.

Corolla irregularis.
Lnbellum pendulum,
bifidum. Columna ap-
tera, parva, anthera
basi inserta. Pollen
farinaceum. '

Corolla irregular.
hip pendulous, 2'Cleft.
Column without wings,
small, the anther in-
serted at the base. Pol-
len farinaceous.

1. PUBESCENS.

L. fohis radicalibus,
ovatis, acutis; scapo
aphyllo, pubescente,
laxifloro; floribus ped-
icellatis, labello bilobo,
vix petalis conniventi-
bus longiore; capsulis
clavatisj radice palma-
to.

Leaves radical,
ovate, acute; scape
leafless, pubescent,
loosely flowered; flow-
ers on pedicels, with
the lip two-lobed,
scarcely longer than
the connivent petals;
capsules clavate; root
palmate.

Nutt. 2. p. 191.

Epipactis Pubescens, Pursh, 2. p. 591.
Ophrys Pubera, Mich. 2. p. 158.
Arethusa Racemosa, Walt. p. 222.

Flowers small, greenish white. Pursh.

With this species I am unacquainted.

Grows in the pine barrens of Carolina and Georgia. Pursh.

Flowers June.

2. CONVALLARIOIDES.

L. caule bifolio; fo-
liis oppositis, cordato-
subrotundis, acutis; spi
ca parviflora; labello

Stem two-leaved;
leaves opposite, cor-
date, nearly round,
acute; spike bearing

GVNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

495

oblongo, apice dilatato,
obtuse bilobo; germine
subgloboso; radice fi-
bi'osa.

small flowers; lip ob-
long, dilated at the
summit, obtusely two-
lobed; germ somewhat
globular; root fibrous.

Nutt. 2. p. 191.

Epipactis Convallarioides, Sp. pi. 4. p. 88. Pursh, 2. p. 591.

Root fasciculate. Stem about a foot high, bearing near the middle two
opposite sessile leaves. Leaves cordate-ovate, acute, nerved, glabrous.
Flowers small, in a terminal raceme. Pedicels three to four lines long,
bracteal leaves very small. Petals five, somewhat reflected, greenish. La-
belliim three or four times as long as the petals, deeply two-cleft, the seg-
ments acute. Capsule oval.

This plant from the acute segments of the labellum probably belongs to
the L. Cordata as described by Mr. Nuttall, but as all the plants sent me
from the north as the E. Convallarioides have this characteristic also, I
have retained this name until I can have an opportunity of comparing the
two species.

Found near Savannah in damp soils by Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers in March.

ttt Anthera termi-
nalis, inserta, persis-
teiis. Pollen angulatum
vel farinaceum.

ttt Anther terminal,
inserted, persistent.
Pollen angular or fa^
rinaceous*

POGONIA. Juss.

Petala 5, distincta,
eglandulosa. Label-
lum sessile, cucullatum,
interne cristatum. Pol-
len farinaceum.

Petals 5, distinct,
without glands. Lvp
sessile, cucullate, inter-
nally crested. Pollen
farinaceous.

1. Ophioglossoides. Lin.

P. radice fibrosa; I Root fibrous; scape
scapo dissite bifoliato, I remotely two-leaved;

496

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

1 — 2 floro; foliis ova-
li-laiiceolatis; petalis
subaequalibus, labello
fimbriato.

1 — 2 flowered; leaves
oval-lanceolate; petals
nearly equal; lip fim-
briate.

Mich. 2. p. 159. Pursh,

Nutt. 2. p. 192.

Arethusa Ophioglossoides, Sp. pi. 3. p. 80.
2. p. 590.

Root perennial. Stem about twelve inches high, terete, glabrous, gene-
rally bearing two leaves and one terminal flower. Leaves alternate, one
near the middle, the other at the summit of the stem, lanceolate, acute,
nerved, sessile, and semiamplexicaule. Perianth five leaved, purple, ap-
proaching to rose colour. Petals distinct, nearly of equal length, somewhat
connivent, oblong, the uppermost widest. Labellum scarcely longer than
the petals, winged, the centre thickened with elevated crested ridges. Co-
lumn much shorter than the lip, thick, solid. Anthers operculate, contained
in a small depression at the summit.

I have specimens with the leaves narrow lanceolate, very acute; and
leaves oval-lanceolate, scarcely acute, with the stem shorter and flowers
larger. The first from the low country of Carolina and Georgia, the se-
cond from the upper districts.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers April — May.

2. DiVARICATA.

P. radice fibrosa;
scapo remote bifoliato,
unifloro; foliis oblon-
go-lanceolatis; petalis
exterioribus longo-lin-
earibus, patulis; label-
lo subtrilobo, crenula-
to.

Root fibrous; scape
1-flowered, with two
distant leaves; leaves
oblong-lanceolate; ex-
terior petals long, liae-
ar, expanding; lip
somewhat three-lobed,
crenulate.

. Nutt. 2. p. 192.

Arethusa Divaricata, Sp. pi. 4. p. 81. Walt. p. 222. Mich. 2. p. 160.

Roots fibrous, somewhat carnose. Stem about two feet high, bearing
two leaves, one near the middle of the stem, the other at the summit, and
one terminal flower. Leaves narrow lanceolate, acute, sometimes abruptly
so, nerved, glabrous, and slightly glaucous. Perianth five-leaved, the three
exterior linear-lanceolate, two to two and a half inches long, expanding or
erect, dark purple; the two interior shorter, lanceolate, somewhat connivent;
incarnate. Labellum nearly as long as the exterior petals, obtusely three-

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

4^7

iobed towards the summit with the middle lobe extended, crested alone the
middle, crenulate on the margin. Column much shorter than the lip, cla-
vate, solid. Germ furrowed, one celled, three valved.

Grows in damp soils around ponds in the pine barrens.

Flowers May.

3. Verticillata. Muhl.

P. foliis quinis o-
vali-Janceolatis, basi
cuneatis, verticillatis;
caule unifloro; petalis
tribus exterioribus lon-
gissimis, Jinearibus, in-
terioribus lanceolatis,
labello trilobo, lacinia
media undulata.

Leaves five, oval-
lanceolate, cuneate at
base, verticillate; stem
one-flowered; the three
exterior petals very
long, linear, the interi-
or lanceolate; lip 3-
lobed, the middle seg-
ment undulate.

Nutt. 2. p. 192.

Arethusa Verticillata, Sp. pi. 4. p. 81. Pursh, 2. p. 591.

Root fasciculate, fibres simple and carnose. Stem about twelve inches
high, terete, slightly glaucous. Leaves five, verticillate (two, however, in-
ferior,) at the summit of the stem, oval-lanceolate, cuneate, nerved, acumi-
nate, a iew scales sheathing the base of the stem. Flotoer sessile on a long
germ at the summit of the stem; three exterior petals linear, two to two and
a half inches long, of a greenish brown colour, interior petals paler, oblong,
obtuse, connivent, scarcely one third of the length of the exterior petals.
Labellum shorter than the interior petals, crested along the centre, winged,
with the margins inflected, the terminal lobe broad, pendent, undulate. Co-
lumn shorter than the labellum, subclavate. Anther operculate, two celled,
unguiculately articulated behind, and received into a margined depression at
the summit of the column. Nutt.

Grows in oak lands, very rare in the low country. Silk Hope, Little
Ogeechee — near Columbia, South-Carolina, and Milledgeville, Georgia,
more abundant — probably common in all of the upper districts.

Flowers May.

TRIPHORA. Nuttall.

Petala 5, distincta,
aequaha, conniventia,
eglandulosa. Label-

Petals 5, distinct,
equal, connivent, with-
out glands. Lip un-

VOT.. I J.

r3

498

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

lum unguiculatum, cu-
cullatum. Columna
spathulata, complana-
ta, aptera. Polleri fa-

rinaceum.

guiculate, cucullate.
Column spathulate,
flat, without wings.
Pollen farinaceous.

1. Pendula.

T. radice tuberosa;
caule folioso, summi-
tate paucifloro (2 — 4;)
foliis ovatis, amplexi-
caulibus, floribus pe-
dunculatis, alternis; la-
bello integro.

Nutt. 2. p. 193.

Arethusa Pendula, Sp. pi. 4. p. 82.

Arethusa Parviflora, Mich. 2. p.

Root tuberous, oblong. Stem about twelve inches high, terete, slightly
angled by the decurrent leaves, carnose, the summit when young generally
nodding, heaves short, alternate, nerved ^ somewhat amplexicaule, with
the margins slightly decurrent. Flowers two to four, axillary, erect when
expanded, before and after expansion nodding. Peduncles five to six lines
long. Segments of the perianth five, lanceolate, acute, white tinged with
green and pale purple, the two interior connivent. Lahellum scarcely lon-
ger than the petals, unguiculate, slightly three-lobed, the lateral lobes
inflected, the middle circular with the margin crenulate? Column rather
shorter than the hp, flat. Anther one celled, purple. {Pollen farinaceous,
the masses separated superficially by two internal lamellae. Nutt.)

Grows in rich damp soils.

Flowers July — August.

Root tuberous; stem
leafy, few flowered,
(2 — 4) near the sum-
mit; leaves ovate, am-
plexicaule; flowers al-
ternate, on peduncles;
lip entire.

Pursh, 2. p. 590.

CALOPOGON. Brown.

Petala 5, distincta. Petals 5, distinct.
Lahellum resupinatum? Lip resupine? unguicu

unguiculatum, crista-
tum. Columna libera.
Pollen angulatum.

late, crested. Column
free. Pollen angled.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 499

2. PuLCHELLUS.

C. foliis radicalibus,
angusto - lanceolatis,
nervosis; scapo 6 — 10
floro; labello erecto,
basi attenuate, lamina
expansa, disco conca-
ve, piloso.

Leaves radical, nar-
row lanceolate, nerved;
scape 6 — 10 flowered;
lip erect, tapering at
base, the lateral seg-
ments expanding, the
disk concave, hairy.

Nutt. 2. p. 194.

Cymbidium Pulchellum, Sp. pi. 4. p. 105. Pursh, 2. p. 592.

Limodorum Tuberosum, Mich. 2. p. 159.

Ophrys Barbara, Walt. p. 221.

Root tuberous, nearly round. Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, erect,
naked, glabrous. Leo/' generally one, sheathing the base of the stem, (but
showing around its own base the vestiges of other leaves, perhaps those of
former years,) eight to ten inches long, scarcely one wide, nerved, acute,
erect, somewhat rigid. Flowers resupine? rather distant, in a terminal
spike. Bracteal leaf small, very acute. Segments of the perianth lanceo-
late, the two lateral exterior ones oblique, the interior rather narrower. JLa-
helluni on the upper side of the perianth (is not the flower as in Cranichis
resupine?) about as long as the petals, attenuate and distinctly three-nerved
or ribbed along the claw, very much dilated at the summit, very obtuse, con-
spicuously bearded just where it begins to contract, margin entire, column
declining from the lip, curved, tapering to the base, bearing two dilated
wings near the summit. Anther, as in all of this division, received into a
small cavity at the summit of the column, attached behind by a short jointed
pedicel.

Flowers incarnate, large for this class, very handsome.

Var. Graminipolia.

This variety which is remarkable and most probably a distinct species,
yet offers no prominent mark of distinction. Its flowers are scarcely more
half the size of the preceding, the leaves one to two lines wide, the bracteal
leaves acuminate, and the column I think comparatively shorter. It flowers
earlier.

Grows in damp soils. The first variety delights to grow on old decaying
and floating logs, in mill ponds, &c. mingled with mosses and aquatic
grasses.

Flowers May — June.

The second in pine barrens.

Flowers April — May.

500

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA-

ARETHUSA. Lin.

Petala 5, basi con-
nata. Labellum basi
columnae adnatum, su-
perne cucullatum, cris-
tatum. Pollen angu-
latum.

Petals 5, connate at
base. Lip cucullate at
the summit, attached
at base to the column,
crested. Pollen an-
gled.

1. BULBOSA.

A. aphylla; radice
globosa; scapo vagina-
to, unifloro; corolla la-
ciniis superioribus in-
curvatis; labello sub-
crenulato.

Leafless; root glo-
bose; scape sheathed,
one-flowerod; corolla
with the upper seg-
ments incurved; lip
slightly crenulate.

Spl. pi. 4. p. 80. Mich. 2. p. l60. Pursh, 2. p. 590. Nutt. 2. p. 194.

Stem, about twelve inches high, the lower part clothed with sheaths,
(three to four) which have no expanded blade. Flower solitary, terminal,
fragrant. Segments of the perianth nearly equal, purple, the upper in-
curved, somewhat connivent. Labellum not longer than the petals, the
inflected margin crenulate, crested internally. Column shorter than the Hp.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina, Mich. I have never seen it in the
low country.

Flowers in June, Pursh.

tttt Anthera termi"
nalis^ mohilis, decidua,
Pollinia demum cerea~

cea.

tttt Anther termi"
nal, moveable, decidu-
ous. Pollen finally
cereaceous.

BLETIA. Ruiz and Pavon.

Petala 5, distincta. Petals 5, distinct.
Z.a6e//Mm sessile, cucul- Lip sessile, cucullate.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

501

latum, interdiim basi
calcaratum. Columna
libera. Pollima 4 vel
8, biloba.

sometimes with a spur
at base. Column free.
Pollen masses 4 or 8,
two-lobed.

1. Verecunda.

B. foliis radicalibus,
lato-lanceolatis, pliea-
to-nervosis; scapo mul-
tifloro; petalis interio-
ribus conniventibus;
labello ventricoso, la-
mina emarginata, cris-
pa, sulcata. Swartz.

Leaves radical, broad,
lanceolate, plicate, ner-
ved; scape many flow-
ered; interior petals
connivent; lip ventri^
cose, the border emar-
ginate, curled, furrow-
ed.

Nutt. 2. p. 194.

Cymbidium Verecundum, Sp. pi. 4. p. 105. Pursh, 2. p. 592.

Liraodorum Trifidum, Mich. 2. p. 159.

With this species I am unacquainted. Pursh mentions, I suspect inaccu-
rately, that it grows in Carolina. Mr. Nuttall considers it as an inhabitant
of Florida. Michaux, who cultivated it near Charleston where it flowered
in the autumn, received it from the Bahama Islands.

2. Aphylla. Nuttall.

B. aphylla; scapo
tereti, squamoso, su-
perne attenuato; squa-
mis ovatis, alternis;
labello ecalcarato. Nut.

Nutt. 2. p. 194.

Arethusa Spicata, Walt. p. 222.

Root tuberous, articulate. Stem, one to two feet high, erect, simple.
Leaves merely coloured scales, the lower sheathing, the upper sessile.
Spikes many flowered, flowers pendulous. Petals five, distinct at base,
somewhat connivent, oblong lanceolate, the exterior a little longer than the
interior, brown streaked with purple. Lip dilated at the summit, emargin-
ate, slightly undulate, crested along the centre with six brightly coloured

Leafless; scape te-
rete, scaly, tapering
near the summit; scales
ovate, alternate; lip
without a spur.

502

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

ridges; shorter than the petals, with no vestige of a spur at base, lateral seg-
ments erect, veined. Column shorter than the lip, incurved, somewhat cla-
vate; operculum eniarginate, vertical, yellow, with the summit of the lobes
purple. Pollinia two? yellow, deciduous, each with a fissure through which
the farinaceous pollen is discharged. Capsule clavate, somewhat trigonous.

This plant has always been considered by our southern botanists as the
A. Spicata of Walter. It grows in rich soils near the margins of swamps.
St. John's, Dr. Macbride; Louisville, Georgia, Mr. Jackson; Florida, Dr.
Baldwin.

Flowers August — September.

TIPULARIA. Nuttall.

Petala
patent! a.
integrum,

spathulata,
Lahellum
sessile, basi
subtus calcaratum. Co-
lumna aptera, libera.
Anthera operculata,
persistens. Pollinia
4, parallela.

Petals spathulate,
expanding. Lip en-
tire, sessile, with a spur
underneath at base.
Column without wings,
free. Anther opercu-
late, persistent. Pol-
linia 4, parallel.

1. Discolor.

Nutt. 2. p. 195.

Orchis Discolor., Pursh, 2. p. 586.

Bulbs concatenated. Leaf solitary, plaited and nerved. Flowers in a
long terminal raceme, nodding. Bracteas 0. Segments of the perianth
five, oblong, expanding. Lip entire, very short and concave, crenulate;
spur filiform, nearly twice the length of the germ. Column porrected, mar-
gined at the sides. Anther operculate, persistent; operculum articulated
behind, furnished with two auxiliary valves closing internally upon the four
masses of pollen; masses solid and parallel, neither granular nor pulveru-
lent. Nuttall.

Grows in pine barrens. New-Jersey to Carolina, Pursh. Collected in
the upper districts of Carolina by Dr. Macbride.

Flowers August.

MALAXIS. Swartz.

Petala 5, patentia, Petals 5, expand-
resupinata. Lahellum ing, resupine. Lifp

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

503

complanatum, indivi-
sum, sessile. Columna
porrecta. Pollinia 4,
parallela, stigmatis
summitati affixa.

flattened, undivided,
sessile. Column ex-
tended. Pollinia 4,
parallel, affixed to the
summit of the stigma.

Leaves two, ovate-
lanceolate; scape tri-
quetrous; interior pe-
tals filiform, reflexed,
differently coloured;
lip concave, obovate,
acute at the summit.

1. LiLiiFOLiA. Lin.

M. foliis binis, ova-
to-lanceolatis; scapo
triquetro; petalis inte-
rioribus filiformibus,
reflexis, discoloribus;
labello concavo, obo-
vato, apice acuto.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 90. Pursh, 2. p. 592. Nutt. 2. p. 196.
Ophrys Trifolia? Walt. p. 220.

Roots bulbous. Leaves all radical, two, oval lanceolate, acute, glabrous
slightly nerved, entire, loosely sheathing the base of the s em, abourthree
nches long, nearly two wide, a third, exterior, consisting of scarcely rnore
than a sheath, with an oblique acute summit. Scape an^gular, sL o St
•nches high Flowers numerous in a terminal raceme. (Three exterfor
rpT'T..'^'^' Pp"\"''^ "^"^^' ^^''^ *he two interior miLm, Jellow h
coLr!'' Willdo" ''"'''' "'' '" ''"'' P""' °' -vT^^l

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia, in rich woodland
among decaymg vegetables. I have not seen it in theii country ^

Jrlowers June — July. Pursh. "uimj-.

2. OPHIOGLOSSOIDES.

M? folio solitario,
ovato, amplexicaule;
scapo pentagono; la-
bello apice bifido.

Muhl.

Leaf solitary, ovate,
amplexicaule; scape 5-
angled; lip 2-cleft at
the summit.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 90.

M. Unifolia, Mich. 2. p. 157.

Microstylis Ophioglossoides, Nutt. 2. p. 196.

504

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA-

Root bulbous. Stem four to six inches high, with a leaf near the middle
and a sheath at base. Lea/ ovate, sessile, amplexicaule. Floioers numer-
ous, very small, in a terminal raceme. Petals five, connivent, only one of
them deflected, the two interior filiform. Lip about the length of the petals,
erect, concave, broadest at the base, cucullate over the anthers, summit trun-
cate, emarginate and divaricate, bidentate, producing also an intermediate
denticulation. Column minute, scarcely visible. Anthers two; the exterior
whitish, producing two masses of pollen, the interior which is acute and
whitish only one. Nutt. '

Grows with the preceding. Sometimes though rarely met with in the
low country.

Flowers May — June. Pursh.

CORALLORHIZA. Haller.

Petala aequalia, con-
niventia. Labellum
plerumque basi produc-
tum. Columna libera.
Pollinia 4, obliqua,
(nee parallela.)

Petals equal, conni-
vent. Labellum fre-
quently extended at
base. Column free.
Pollinia four, oblique;
not parallel.

1. Innata. Brown.

C. labello trifido,
calcare obsoleto, ger-
mini adnato; capsula
obovata; folio nullo.

Labellum three-cleft,
with the spur obsolete,
attached to the germ;
capsule obovate; leaf
0.

Nutt. 2. p. 197-

Cymbidium Corallorhizon, Sp. pi. 4. 109.

Root tuberous, branching, divaricate. Stem twelve to fourteen inches
high, glabrous, clothed with sheaths which at the summits are abruptly
acute, the upper frequently terminating in a subulate leaf nearly an inch
long. Floioers in a terminal raceme, nodding. Segments of the perianth
oblong lanceolate, connivent; of an obscure purplish brown colour; lip bi-
dentate near the base, with the teeth inflected. Column much shorter than

the petals.

Grows in rich wooded lands. I have specimens sent me from Boston by
Dr. Bigelow, and some collected at St. Mary's, Georgia, in which 1 can dis-
cern no difierence.

Flowers September — October.

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

^06

2. Odontorhiza. Willd.

C. scapo vaginato;
folio nullo; floribus pe-
dicellatis; petalis lan-
ceolatis, aequalibus;
labello integio, ovali,
obtuso, creniilato, cal-
care obsoIetOj germi-
ni adnato; capsula glo-
bosa.

Scape sheathed; leaf
0; flowers on pedicels;
petals lanceolate^ e-
qual; labellum entire,
oval, obtuse, crenidate,
with the spur obsolete,
attached to the germ;
capsule globular.

Nutt. 2. p. 197.

CymbJdium Odontorhizon, Sp. pi. 4. p.

Ophrys Corallorhiza, Mich. 2. p. 158.

110. Pursh, 2. p. 593.

Root much branched, dentate. Scape eight to twelve inches high, sleii-
der, clothed with two or three sheaths, acute at the summit. Flowers nu-
merous, small, in a terminal raceme, pendulous. Segments of the perianth
brownish, connivent, the lateral one narrow. Lip dilated, white, spotted
with purple. Palate bidentate. Colum7i short, margined at base. Cap-
sule globose. ^
Grows in rich shaded soils. In oak lands near Beaufort-
Flowers in March, probably again in the autumn.

3. Hyemalis.

C? folio unico, ovali-
lanceolato, nervoso,
sub plicato; labello un-
guiculato, trifido, nee
basi producto, lacinia
intermedia crenulata;
petalis conniventibus.

Leaf one, oval lan-
ceolate, nerved, some-
what plaited; labellum
unguiculate, three-cleft,
not produced at base,
the middle segment
crenulate; petals con-
nivent.

Nutt. 2. p. 108.

Cymbidium Hyemale, Sp. pi. 4. p. 107. Pursh, 2. p. 593.

Root concatenately bulbous. Lea/ solitary, large, oval, lanceolate, some-
what plaited, rigid, springing from the root and tapering at base to a petiole
two to three mches long. Scape twelve to eighteen inches high, clothed
with about three loose sheaths. Flowers in a terminal raceme, at first erect,

VOL. IT, <5 3

506

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

afterwards pendulous. Petals linear oblong, connivent, distinct, all nearly
equal in size and form. Liip unguiculate, distinct at the base, and about the
length of the petals, dilated towards the extremity, trifid, ridged along the
centre, the middle lobe round, with the margin undulate and crenulate.
Column of an equal thickness and slightly curved, shorter than the lip; lid
of the anthers membranaceous, caducous. Pollinia four, lenticular and
cereaceous, laterally attached to the sammit of the column, at length decidu-
ous. NuttaH. : uvu.

jGrows in rich shaded soils. ' ' '

Flowers May. Pursh.

•. '-L :■■ - '^MrAM J

u: EPIDENDRUM. Lin.

Columna cum label-
li ungue in tubum coa-
lita, (interdum clecur-
rens.) Pollinia 4, pa-
rallela, septis persis-
tentibus divisa, basi
filamento granulato,
elastico, incrassata.

Column with the
claw of the labellum
united into a tube,
sometimes decurrent.
Pollinia 4, parallel,
divided by persistent
partitions, thickened at
base by the granular
elastic filament.

1. CoNOPSEUM. Aiton?

E. foliis lanceolatis,
rigidis, lucidis, peren-
nantibus; caule simpli-
ci; floribus spicatis,
erectis; labello apice
trilobo, lacinia inter-
media retusa; petaUs
interioribus angustiori-
bus.

Leaves lanceolate,
rigid, lucid, perennial;
stem simple; flowers in
spikes, erect; labellum
3-lobed at the summit,
the middle segment re-
tuse; the interior petals
narrow.

Hon. Kew. 5. p. 219. Nutt. 2. p. 198.
E. Magnolise, Muhl. Cat. p. 81.

Root composed of thick fleshy fibres matted together and adhering to
the barks of trees. Branches short, alternate. Leaves generally two on
each branch, approximate, lanceolate, acute, very entire, succulent, ob-

GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

507

scurely nerved, terminating at base in a closed sb£ath. Flowers five to
eight, in a terminal raceme. Bracteal leaves very smaH. Exterior segments
of the- perianth three, lanceolate, a little connivent, six to seven tines long,
pale yellow tinged with purple; the two lateral interior segments cuneate,
obovate, pale yellow, as long as the exterior, but more slender. Column^
more than half as long as the perianth, dilated; summit of the lip three-
lobed. PolUnia four, near the summit of the tube, covered with an opercu-
lum having four cells.

Grows along the sea-coast of Georgia and Cai'olina, on tlie bark of trees,
principally of evergreens.

The most northern locality in which I have seen this plant isi on Edings'
Island, at the entrance of Port Royal inlet. I found it there growing on the
bark of the Magnolia Grandiflora, and sent it to Dr. Muhlenberg, who placed
it in his catalogue as the E. Magnoliae. In passing to the south along the
sea-coast, it becomes more common, and is found on several species of oak,
and I believe on other trees.

Flowers in August and September; probably through the whole summer.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

CYPRIPEDIUM. Lin.

Lahellum ventrico-
sum, inflatum, sacca-
tum. Corolla tetrape-
tala, patens. Columna
superne lobopetaloideo
appendiculata.

Lahellum ventricose,
inflated, forming a
sack. Corolla 4-petal-
led, expanding. Co-
lumn near tlie summit
furnished with a petal-
like lobe.

1. Parviflorum. Salisbury. Trans. Lin. Soc. L
p. 77.

C. caule folioso; lo- I . Stem leafy; lobe of
bo styli triangularis I the style triangular.

508

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

acuto; petalis exterior-
ibus ovato oblongis
acuniinatis, interiori-
bus linearibus contor-
tis; labello petalis bre-
viore, compresso.

acute, exterior petals
ovate oblong, acumi-
nate, the interior line-
ar, twisted; labellura
shorter than the petals,
compressed.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 143. Pursh, 2. p. 594. Nutt. 2. p. 199.

Root perennial, composed of thick fleshy fibres. Stem eight to ten inches
high, a little pubescent. Leaves five to six, alternate, lanceolate, acute,
nerved, somewhat pubescent underneath, sessile, sheathing at base. Flow-
ers generally solitary. Exterior segments of the perianth three, ovate lan-
ceolate, expanding, two interior narrower, longer, tortuous, bearded on the
inner surface near the base, all of an obscure green colour with brown lines
externally pubescent. Lobe of the style triangular, somewhat sagittate.
Labellum yellow, with obscure spots, shorter than the petals, smooth on the
outsides, bearded within at base.

Grows in the upper and mountainous districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers May — June. Pursh.

2. PUBESCENS. Willd.

C. caule folioso; lo.
bo sty li triangular i-ob-
longo, obtuso; petalis
exterioribus ovato-ob-
longis, acuminatis, in-
terioribus longissimis
linearibus, contortis,
labello petalis breviore,
compresso.

Stem leafy; lobe of
the style triangular,
oblong, obtuse; exte-
rior petals ovate ob-
long, acuminate, the
interior very long, line-
ar, twisted; labellum
shorter than the petals,
compressed.

199.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 143. Pursh, 2. p. 594. Nutt. 2. p.
C.Calceolus, Mich. 2. p. 161. Walt. p. 222.

Petals green, dotted with red. Labellum yellow, contracted at the
mouth. From the preceding which it resembles very much, it differs by a
flower twice as large and by the different figure of the lobe. Stem one to
two flowered. All of the American species have their leaves pubescent,
but the hairs in this are more evident. Willd.

The leaves, too, in my specimens are larger, more distinctly nerved, and
the narrow segments of the perianth longer; but the plant not as pubescent
as C. Spectabile.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

509

Gr6ws in rocky soils on fertile hills in the upper districts of Carolina and
Georgia.

Flowers in May.

3. Spectabile. Salisbury.

C. caule folioso; lo-
bo siyVi elliptico-corda-
to, obtuso; petalis ex-
terioribus lato-ovali-
biis obtusis; labello pe-
talis loiigiore, antice
fisso.

Stem leafy; lobe of
the style elliptic-cor-
date, obtuse; exterior
petals broad, oval, ob-
tuse; labellum longer
than the petals, split in
the front.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 143. Pursh, 2. p. 594. Nutt. 2. p. 199.

C. Reginae, Walt. p. 222.

C. Canadense, Mich. 2. p. l6l.

Root perennial. Stem twelve to fourteen inches high, hirsute. Leaves
six to seven, oval-lanceolate, entire, nerved, pubescent, sheathing at base.
Flowers two to three, large. Segments of the perianth white, oval, the two
interior narrower, linear-lanceolate. Lobe of the style white, with red spots.
Labellum pale rose colour, with deeper streaks, internally bearded near the
base.

Grows in meadows among the mountains.

Flowers May — June.

4. HuMiLE. Salisbury.

C. scapo aphyllo,
unifloro; foHis radical-
ibus geminis, oblongis,
obtusis; lobo styli sub-
rotundo - rhomboideo,
acuminato, deflexo; la-
bello petalis lanceolatis
longiore, antice fisso.

Scape leafless, one-
flowered; leaves of the
root two, oblong, ob-
tuse; lobe of the style
nearly round, rhomboi-
dal, acuminate, deflect-
ed; labellum longer
than the lanceolate pe-
tals, split in front.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 144. Pursh, 2. p. 595. Nutt.
C. Acaule, Mich. 2. p. 199.

199.

510

GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA.

Root perennial. Scape six to eight inches high, pubescent, leafless ex-
cepting a small bracteal leaf at the base of the germ, one-flowered. Leaves
of the root two, lanceolate, nerved, pubescent. Segments of the perianth
ovate-lanceolate, brownish purple, the interior narrower and a little tortu-
ous. JLabellum purple with deeper streaks, large, divided in front, pubes-
cent.

Grows in rocky soils, in shaded situations. No species of this remarka-
ble genus is found in the low country of Carolina or Georgia.

Flowers May — June.

GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA.

ARISTOLOGHIA.

Calyx 0. Corolla
1 petala, ligulata, basi
ventricosa. Capsula
6 locularis, polysper-
ma, infeia.

Calyx 0. Corolla
1 petalled, ligulate,
ventricose at base.
Capsule 6 celled, many
seeded, inferior.

1. SiPHo. L'Heritier.

A. foliis cordatis,
acutis; caule volubili;
pedunculis unifloris,
bractea ovata instruct-
is; corollis adscenden-

tibus,
quali.

Jimbo trifido ae-

Leaves cordate, a-
cute; stem voluble; pe-
duncles one-flowered,
furnished with an ovate
bractea; corolla ascen-
ding, the border three-
cleft, equal.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 155. Mich. 2. p. 1 61. Pursh, 2. p. 596. Nutt. 2. p. 199.

A vine climbing over trees of large size. Leaves alternate, very large,
cordate, acute, strongly veined, sprinkled with hairs over both surfaces.

GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA.

511

Peduncles solitary. Corolla long, somewhat tubular, brown, the border
three-cleft, equal. Anthers six, beneath the stigmas. St^le short, stigma
six-parted. '

Grows on the mountains, Pennsylvania to Georgia.

Flowers June. Pursh.

2. ToMENTOSA. Sims.

A. caiile volubili; fo-
liis lotundato cordatis,
subtus tomentosis; co-
rolla villosa, limbo tri-
fido, subaequali.

Stem voluble; leaves
nearly round, cordate,
tomentose underneath;
corolla villous, the bor-
der 3-cleft, nearly e-
qual.

Nutt. 2. p. 199.

A. Hirsuta, Muhl. Cat. p. 81.

Stem ascending to the summits of the loftiest trees, cordate, nearly round,
tomentose underneath, strongly veined, when young entirely covered as well
as the young branches and corolla with a dense villous tomentum. Peduncles
solitary, without bracteal leaves. Corolla ascendant, greenish yellow, the
border three-cleft, the orifice oblique, the margin rugose, dark purple. Stig-
mas three. Anthers immersed in the style. Nutt.

Grows on the mountains of Carolina. Nutt.

Flowers —

3. Serpentaria. Lin.

A. foliis cordatis,
oblongis, acuminatis;
caule flexuoso; pedun-
culis radicahbus; co-
rollae labio lanceolato.

Leaves cordate, ob-
long, acuminate; stem
flexuous; peduncles
radical; hp of the co-
rolla lanceolate.

Sp. pi, 4. p. 159.
Nutt. 2. p. 200.

Walt. p. 223. Nutt. 2. p. l62. Pursh, 2. p. 569.

Root perennial, composed of many filiform fibres, pungent and aromatic.
Stem six to eight inches high, herbaceous, pubescent, erect, geniculate and
knotty at base, as if formed of the remains of older stems. Leaves few, ob-
long lanceolate, slightly acuminate, a little hairy, cordate at base. Flowers
few, at the base of the stem, laying on or sometimes under the surface of the

512

GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA.

earth. Peduncles one-flowered. Corolla ventricose at base, slightly three-
cleft at the summit; one lobe extended, lanceolate.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers in the summer.

4. Hastata. Nutt.

A. caule flexuoso,
simplici, erecto; foliis
siibcordato - hastatis,
acutis; pedunculis rad-
icalibus; corollae labio
ovato.

Stem flexuous, sim-
ple, erect; leaves some-
what cordate, hastate,
acute; peduncles radi-
cal; lip of the corolla
ovate.

Nutt. 2. p. 200.

Leaves attenuate, sublanceolate, auriculate, acute, pubescent. Nutt.

I have seen specimens from the mountains near Pendleton belonging ap-
parently to this species, in which the leaves were certainly very different
from the simple, oblong, cordate leaves of our common A. Serpentaria.
They were, however, without flowers, and the plants will still require ex-
amination and comparison.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina-.

Flowers —

MONOECIA MONANDRIA.

^13

CLASS XX.

MONOECIA.

MOKANDTRU.

563 AMARANTHUS.

539 ZOSTERA.

540 CAULINIA.

541 CHARA.

HEXANDRLi.

664 ZIZANIA.

DMNDRlJi.

POLYANDRIA.

542 PODOSTEMUM.

543 LEMNA.

TRIAKDRIA.

544 TYPHA.

545 SPARGANIUM.

546 TRIPSACUM.

547 MANISURIS.

548 CAREX.

549 SCLERIA.

550 COMPTONIA.

551 TRAGIA.

562 ERIOCAULON.

TETRAKDRIA

553 ALNUS.

554 BOEHMERIA.

555 URTICA.

656 PARIET.\RIA.

557 MORUS.

PENTAKDRLi

558 ATRIPLEX.

559 PLANERA.

560 CELTIS.

561 SCHISANDRA.

562 CROTONOPSIS.
VOL. II.

t3

565 MYRIOPHYLLUM.

566 SAGITTARIA.

567 QUERCUS.

568 CORYLUS.

569 FAGUS.

570 CASTANEA.

571 BETULA.

572 CARPINUS.

573 OSTRYA.

574 PLATANUS.

575 LIQUID AMBAR

576 JUGLANS.

577 CARYA.

578 ARUM.

579 CALADIUM.

MONADELPHIA.

580 PINUS.
681 THUJA.

582 CUPRESSUS.
5&3 ACALYPHA

584 CROTON.

585 JATROPHA.

586 STYLLINGIA.

587 EUPHORBIA.

588 PHYLLANTHUS.

589 MELOTHRIA.

590 CUCURBITA.

591 SICYOS

514

MONOECIA MONANDRiA.

MO NO E CIA MONANDRIA.

ZOSTERA.

Calyx et Corolla 0.
Anihera ovata, sessilis.
Germen ovatum, spa-
dici unilaterali insert-
um. Stylus bifidiis.
Capsula monosperma.

Calyx and Corolla
0. Anther ovate, ses-
sile. Germ ovate, in-
serted in a unilateral
spadix. Style 2-cleft.
Capsule one-seeded.

1. Marina.

Z. foliis integerrimis,
subtrinerviis; caule te-
retiusculo.

Leaves entire, slight-
ly three-nerved; stem
somewhat terete.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 179. Pursh, 1. p. 2. Nutt. 2. p. 201.

Stem terete, flexnous, somewhat jointed, throwing out roots from the joints.
Leaves long, linear, tender, alternate, varying much in the number and dis-
tinctness of its nerves. Flowers in two rows, on a linear spadix enclosed in
the sheathing base of the leaves. Anther oblong, sessile, slightly curved.
Germ (placed alternately on each side of the anther) oblong. Style short.
Stigmas two, acute. Capsule membranaceous, containing one elliptical yel-
lowish seed. Smith, Eng. Bot. No. 467.

This plant I have not myself seen. But it is found on the coasts of the
middle states, and is said to grow on all of the shores washed by the Atlantic
Ocean, in which it often floats. Found generally in salt water ditches 'and
on muddy shores.

Flowers August — September.

MONOECIA MONANDRIA.

615

CAULINIA. Willd.

Masculi — Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Anthera
sessilis.

Foeminei — Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Stylus fili-
formis. Stigma bifi-
dum. Capsula mono-
sperma.

Male Florets — Calyx
0. Corolla 0. Anther
sessile.

Female — Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Style fili-
form. Stigma 2-cleft.
Capsule one-seeded.

1. Flexilis. Willd.

C. foliis senis, linea-
ribus, apice denticula-
tis, patentibiis.

Leaves verticillate,
six in a whorl, linear,
denticulate at the sum-
mit, expanding.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 182. Pursh, 1. p. 2. Nutt. 2. p. 201.

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem one to two feet long, slender, glabrous,
always submersed, branching, jointed. Leaves linear, verticillate, somewhat
diaphanous, slightly denticulate near the summit, the denticulation scarcely
visible without a lens. Flower solitary, axillary, sessile. Sti/le long.
Seed oblong, yellow.

Grows in ditches and stagnant waters.

Flowers May, July, and August.

CHARA. Gen. Pl. 1397.

Masculi — 'Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Anthera
globosa, sessilis.

Foeminei — Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Stylus 0.

Male Florets — Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla 0. An^
tJier globose, sessile.

Female — Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Style 0.

516

MONOECIA MONANDRIA.

Stigmata 5. Bacca
unilocularis, polysper-
ma.

Stigma 5. Berry 1-
celled, many seeded.

1. Vulgaris.

C. caulibus ramulis-
que basi niidis; ramu-
lis teretibus, articulis
foliosis; foliolis oblon-
gis, subulatis; bracteis
bacca brevioribus.

Stem and branches
naked at base; branch-
es terete, the joints
leafy; leaves oblong,
subulate; bracteas

shorter than the berry.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 183. Pursh, 1. p. 4. Nutt. 2. p. 202.

Stem submersed, branched, rough, brittle and gritty when dry. Leaves
six to eight, in a whorl as long as the joints and of the same texture, narrow,
subulate, slightly channelled on the upper surface, the lower ones simple;
the upper bearing on their upper sides rows of erect leaflets, four in a cluster
among which the flowers are placed. Anther solitary, sitting at the base of
the germ. Germ ovate, spirally striated, crowned with five little leaves.
(^Stigmas?) Fruit with a hard shell. Seeds imbedded in a reddish pulp.
Smith. Eng. Bot. No. 336.

Grows in ponds and ditches. Canada to Carolina, Pursh. I have not
noticed this species in our low country.

Flowers June — July.

2. Capitata. E.

C? caule ramulisque
teretibus, glabris; arti-
culis foliolis; fructibus
capitatis; bracteis bac-
ca paulo longioribus.
E.

Stem and branches
terete, glabrous; joints
leafy; fruit in heads;
bracteas a little longer
than the berry.

Stem submersed, floating, terete, glabrous, somewhat diaphanous. Leaves
in whorls, generally six, terete, very acute. Flotvers? very numerous, col-
lected in axillarv heads, at first sessile, afterwards pedunculate. Bracteal
leaves 4? transparent, acute, a little longer than the fruit. Berry smooth,
vellow.

MONOECIA DIANDRIA.

517

In this plant, I have not been able to distinguish the anther, nor any spi-
ral striae around the fruit.

Dr. Sclnveinitz sent me from Salem, North-Carolina, under the name of
Chara Nidifica a plant closely allied to this. It appears to be more lucid
and to bear leaves more numerous and more slender. Its habit is similar,
and if not a variety of the present plant may form another species in a dis-
tinct genus.

The structure of this genus is obscure, and its real affinity still doubtful.
VVallroth, who has examined it with great care, considers its fructifications
as of two kinds; Nucules spirally striated, sessile, surrounded by a diapha-
nous covering, one-celled, many seeded, indehiscent; globules of a reddish
colour accompanying the nucules, opening with three to four valves and
containing a mass of minute spiral filaments; that it belongs to the crypto-
gamic plants, where it will constitute the basis of an order, (Charace*) next
to the Conferva. Leman, on the other hand, considers it as a dicotyledo-
nous plant allied to the Onagrariae and Salicarige, forming with a few other
genera a new family under the name of Eleodeae. Hooker's Flora Scotica,
Part 2., p. 108.

Grows in ditches — common in the rice fields on the Ogeechee river.

Flowers April — May.

MONOECIA DIANDRIA.

PODOSTEMUM. Michaux.

Masculi — Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Stamina
2, pedicello affixa.

Foeminei — Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Germen
ovatum. Stigmata 2,
sessilia. Capsula 2-
locularis, 2-valvis5 po-
lysperma.

1. Ceratophyllum.

Male Florets — Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla 0.
Stamens 2, fixed on a
pedicel.

Female — Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Qerm o-
vate. Stigmas 2, ses-
sile. Capsule 2-cell-
ed, two valved, many
seeded.

518

MONOECIA DIANDRIA.

Mich. 2. p. 165. Sp. pi. 4. p. 196. Pursh, 1. p. 3. Nutt. 2. p. 202.

Root composed of short fibres, perennial? Stem coriaceous, two to three
inches high, floating. Leaves ahernate, many cleft, the segments somewhat
pinnatifid and setaceous. Flowers axillary, sohtary. The stamens sup-
ported by a simple pedicel at the base of the germ. Filaments two, very
short. Anthers two-celled. Germ ovate, surrounded by a few scales.
Stigmas two, sessile. Capsule striate, two-valved, two-celled. Seed oval,
numerous.

Grows in the rocky beds of rivers — collected near Augusta, Georgia, by
Dr. Leavenworth.

Flowers — July. Pursh.

LEMNA. Gen. Pl. 1400.

Masculi — Calyx 1 -
phyllus. Corolla 0.

Foeminei — Calyx 1
phyllus. Corolla 0.
Stylus 1 . Capsula
unilocularis, disperma.

3Iale Florets — Ca-
lyx 1 -leaved. Corolla
0.

Fema le — Calyx 1 -
leaved. Corolla 0^
Style 1. Capsule 1-
celled, two-seeded.

1. Minor.

L. foliis ellipticis,
utrinque planis, basi
cohaereiitibus; radici-
bus solitariis.

Leaves elliptic, flat
on both surfaces, cohe-
ring at base; roots so-
litary.

Sp. pi.

22.

4. p. 194. Walt. p. 227. Mich. 2. p. 163. Pursh, 1. p.

A small floating plant, sometimes nearly covering the surface of stagnant
waters. Composed generally of one, two, or three leaves (more correctly
fronds) laterally cohering yet each forming an entire plant. The margin of
these fronds are slightly cleft, and in these fissures their very minute flowers
are produced, or buds which form other fronds. Fronds somewhat thick,
succulent, producing from the centre underneath a solitary root. Flowers
very rare. Plant generally increasing by buds (gemmae.)

Var.? Cyclostasa.

L. foliis ellipticis, utrinque planis,
in circulo coheerentibus; radicibus
soUtariis.

Leaves elliptic, flat on both sur-
faces, cohering in a circular arcj
roots solitary.

MONOECIA DIANDRIA. 619

I wish here merely to notice a variety or species of this genus which many
years ago I was accustomed to see floating on the surface of the ponds
around Beaufort. The fronds were rather larger than those of the L. Minor,
and were so attached near one of the foci of the ellipse as to form constantly
segments of circles. I do not recollect that I ever saw a circle completed
though I could not discover what stopped or terminated its progress.

Found in ponds, ditches, and stagnant waters, commonly called "Duck
Weed," and considered as a favourite food of many species of the wild
duck. The insects which are sheltered by these plants, however, are more
probably *he food which these birds so eagerly seek.

Flowers July — August?

Leaves elliptic, flat,
cohering at basej roots
clustered.

2. POLYRHIZA.

L. foliis ellipticis,
planis; basi cohaeren-
tibus; radicibiis fasci-
culatis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 195. Pursh, 1. p. 22.

Fronds larger than those of the preceding species, convex and dark purple
underneath. Roots clustered.

Flowers July — August?

This very obscure genus, whose flowers it is so uncommon to find, has
lately been examined with great care by Dr. Hooker of Glasgow. It appears
m the Linnaean system to belong to the class Diandria, and its fructification
to consist of a smgle flower composed of an urceolate, membranaceous, mo-
nophyllous perianth, from a small opening in the top of which the stigma is
protruded, and which bursts irregularly as the stamens become developed.
These are two in number, (rarely wanting.) Anthers of two rounded lobes,
openmg nearly vertically each into two valves. Germen roundish, com-
pressed, carinated on one side, tapering into a style about its own length,
and termmated by a flattish stigma. Fruit an utriculus transversely oblong
compressed, emarginate at the top on which is the short persistent style
Seed one, (or more?) very hard, oval, lying horizontally in the utriculus and
fixed by Its lower sides. Embryo oblong, monocotyledonous, horizontal,
central, surrounded by a whitish, fleshy albumen.

Dr. Hooker supported by R. Brown, considers this genus as standing next
to Pistia in the natural order of the aroidea?. In order, however, to give it
this. Its proper location, we must consider the perianth as a spath and the
spadix as a point bearing two naked flowers, the upper male and diandrous,
the inferior female, and the genus will then stand as it now generally does,
among the monoecious plants.

520

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

MO NO E CIA TRIANDRIA,

TYPHA. Gen. Pl. 1401.

Masculi — Amentum
cylindricum. Calyx
obsoletus, triphyllus.
Corolla 0.

Foeminei — Ameji-
tum cylindricum, infra
masculos. Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Semen 1,
pedicellatum; pedicello
basi pilis longis pappi
instar cincto.

Mole Florets — A ment
cylindrical. Calyx

obsolete, three-leaved.
Corolla 0.

Female — Ament cy-
lindrical, below the
male. Calyx 0. Co-
rolla 0. Seed 1, pedi-
cellate; the pedicel
surrounded at base by
long hairs resembling
a pappus.

1. Latifolia.

T. foliis linearibus,
planis; spica mascula
femineaque approxi-
matis, utraque cylin-
drica.

Leaves linear, flatj
male and female spike
approximate, both cy-
lindrical.

202.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 197- Walt. p. 227. Pursh, 1. p. 34. Nutt. 2. p.

Root fibrous, perennial. Cuhn sboiit six feet high, terete, glabrous.
Leaves as tall as the stem, nearly an inch wide, strap-shaped, glabrous,
acute, sheathing the stem at base. Floioers in long cylindrical masses near
the summit of the culm, the upper cylinder staminiferous. Calyx composed
of three? very minute scales. iS^amcHS three, the filaments united? at base.
Anthers oblong, furrowed. Fertile florets beneath, the cylinder separated
by a small interval from that bearing sterile florets. Germ small. Style

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

521

simple. Stigma acute. Seed dark brown on a pedicel surrounded at base
by short hairs or bristles that seem in this genus to perform the functions of
a perianth.
Grows in stagnant water, common on the margin of ponds.

SPARGANIUM. Gen. Pl. 1402.

Mascu/i — Amentum
subrotimdum. Calyx
3-phyllus. Corolla 0.
Foeminei — Ament-
um subrotundum. Ca-
lyx 3-phylIus. Corol-
la 0. Stigma bifidum,
vel simplex. Drupa
exsucca, 1 -sperm a.

3Iale Florets — A-
ment nearly round.
Calyx 3-leaved. Co-
rolla 0.

Female — Ament
nearly round. Calyx
3-leaved. Corolla 0.
Stigma 2-cleft, or sim-
ple. Drupe dry, one-
seeded.

1. Americanum? Nutt.

S. foliis inferioribus
caulem subaequantibus,
basi concavis; culmo
ramoso; stigmate sim-
plici, superne attenua-
to, obliquo, stylum ae-
quante. E.

Lower leaves as long
as the stem, concave at
base; stem branching;
stigma simple, tapering
to the summit, oblique,
as long as the style.

Nutt. 2. p. 203.

S. Simplex, Pursh, 1. p. 24.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 199.

Root perennial, fibrous. Stem eighteen to twenty-four inches high, te-
rete, flexuous, glabrous, bearing generally two to three branches. Leaves
about as long as the stem, strap-shaped, obtuse, glabrous, thick, concave at
the base. Heads of flowers globular, sessile. Sterile heads six to nine, fer-
tile two to three, on the branches not so numerous. Of the sterile floret,
calyx three-leaved, the leaves obovate, obtuse; filaments twice as long as
the calyx; anthers oblong, 2-celled. Of the fertile floret, calyx three-leaved,
leaves obovate, embracing the germ and base of the style. Style rather
longer than the calyx. Stigma tapering, rather obtuse, and about as long
as the style.

VOL. IT. U 3

522

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Grows in ditches and in stagnant waters — along the roads in Chatham
County, Georgia, not uncommon.
Flowers May — ^June.

TRIPSACUM. Gen. Pl. 1134.

Masc, — Calyx glu-
ma 2-flora, exteiiore
masculo, interiore neu-
tro. Corolla, glum a
membranacea.

Foem* — Calyx, glu-
ma 2-flora, valva ex-
teriore involucrum si-
mulante, siiiubus perfo-
rata. Corolla, gluma
2 valvis. Styli 2.
Semen 1.

Male Florets — Glume
2-flowered, the exterior
sterile, the interior
neuter. Glume of the
corolla membranace-
ous.

Female — Calyx a
glume 2-flowered, ex-
terior valve resembling
an involucrum perfo-
rate near the base.
Corolla, glume 2-valv-
ed. Styles 2. Seed 1.

1. Dactyloides.

T. spicis plurimis, (3
— 4) aggregatis, super-
ne masculis, inferne
foemineis.

Spikes numerous, (3
— 4) aggregate; florets
sterile near the summit,
fertile at the base.

Sp.pl. 4. p. 201. Mich. 1. p. 60. Pursh, 1. p. 88. Nutt. 1. p. 85.

'Root perennial. Stem four to five feet high, glabrous, sometimes com-
pressed and flattened on one edge. Leaves large, sometimes three feet long,
one and a half inches wide, acutely serrulate, channelled, scabrous on the
upper surface with a few hairs along the midrib, glabrous underneath, con-
tracted and villous at the throat. Flowers in terminal spikes; spikes three
to four, (when four brachiately opposite?) bearing flowers on one (the inte-
rior) side. Fertile florets two to four, at the base of the spike, sitting in the
excavations of the jointed, scabrous, somewhat triquetrous and flexuous ra-
chis. Sterile florets in two-flowered clusters, two clusters in each cavity in the
rachis arranged alternately on each margin, but the articulations approach
so near that the flowers appear imbricate. Of the sterile flowers the glume
is two valved, the exterior oval, obtuse, somewhat scabrous, cartilaginous,

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

523

the interior equal, membranaceous; corolla two valved, equal, the valves
lanceolate, membranaceous; filaments three; antliers oblong incumbent;
nectaries two, carnose, triangular, concave and somewhat two-pointed at the
summit. Fertile flowers nestling in recesses in the rachis; common glume
two-valved, two.flowered, (the exterior generally abortive;) exterior glume
lanceolate, glabrous, cartilaginous, closing very nearly the cavity, perforated
near the base? the interior membranaceous; corolla of both florets two-
valved, lanceolate, membranaceous, the exterior larger, bearing only the
rudiment of a germ and style, the interior with the rudiments of three sta-
mens; germ ovate, glabrous. Sti/le thick. Stigmas very long, feathered.
Seed ovate, glabrous.

This species has been to me very rare. I have only seen it growing on a
sandy knowl on the margin of the Ogeechee River.

Flowers May — July.

2. MONOSTACHYON. WilM.

T. spica solitaria,
terrainali, superne mas-
cula, infer ne foeminea.

Spike solitary, ter-
minal, florets sterile
near the summit, fer-
tile at the base.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 202. Pursh, 2. p. 88. Nutt. 1. p. 85.

Root perennial. Stem three to five feet high, sometimes branching,
somewhat compressed, glabrous. Leaves one to three feet long, one inch
wide, finely serrulate, somewhat scabrous, contracted and a little hairy at
base, the sheath shorter than the internode. Spike terminal, solitary, the
base obliquely articulated, bearing the fertile florets distichously; the summit
somewhat triquetrous, bearing the sterile florets on two angles, the back flex-
uous. The structure of the flower very similar to that of the preceding
species.

Grows abundantly on some of the sea-islands (Paris Island) along the
margin of the salt-water.

Flowers August — October.

3. Cylindricum. Mich.

T. spica solitaria,
cylindrica, hermaphro-
dita; spiculis contiguis
in articulos secedenti-
bus.

Spike soHtary, cylin-
drical, hermaphrodite;
separating into short
joints.

Mich. 2, p. 60. Sp. pi. 4. p. 202. Pursh, 1. p. 88.

624

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

With this species of Michaux I am unacquainted, unless, as I suspect, it
belongs to an undescribgd species of Rottboellia.
Grows on the sand hills of Florida. Mich.
Flowers —

MANISURIS. Gen. Pl. 1570.

Masculi: Gluma 2-
valvis, valvibus lanceo-
latis, flexuosis. Co-
rollce tantum rudimen-
tum. Stam. Pist. Nect.
plerumque abortientia.
Herm: Gluma bival-
vis, valvula exteriore
subrotunda, cartilagin-
ea. Corolla 2-valvis.
Stamina 3. Styli 2.
Semen 1.

Malejlorets: Glume
2-valved, valves lance-
olate, flexuous. Of the
corolla only a rudi-
ment. Stamens, styles,
and nectarium fre-
quently wanting.

Fertile Jiorets: Glume
two-valved, the exteri-
or nearly round, carti-
laginous. Corolla 2-
valved. Stamens 3.
Styles 2. Seed 1.

1. Granularis. Lin.

M. florum foemineo-
rum globosorum valvu-
lis calycinis tesselato
verrucosis; culmo erec-
to, ramoso; vaginis hir-
sutis.

Calyx of the glo-
bose fertile floret
verrucose, tesselated;
stem erect, branching;
sheaths hirsute.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 945. Mich. 1, p. 75. Nutt. 1. p. 81.

Root annual? Stem erect, two to three feet high, branching, hairy, sca-
brous particularly near the base. Leaves three to eight inches long, two to
five lines wide, acute, keeled, hairy, terminating in an open sheath more
hairy than the blade, roughened as well as the stem with small glands from
which the hairs arise. Flowers in small spikes, lateral and terminal. Spikes
generally fasciculate, each surrounded at base by a sheath, and bearing
flowers on one side. Sterile florets (in this species generally neuter) alter-
nating regularly with the fertile along the somewhat flexuous rachis, two-

MONOECll TRIANDRIA.

526

valved, the valves compresseci, hairy along the midrib, conspicuous when
young almost concealing the fertile florets; corolla two-valved, valves very
minute, slender; of the stamen, styles, or nectary, scarcely a vestige. Fer-
tile florets sessile, two-valved, exterior valve orbicular, cartilaginous, entire,
(not emarginate at the sides,) corrugated by irregular transverse ridges, the
interior oblong, firmly attached to the rachis; corolla two-valved, valves
equal, membranaceous; nectary one? leaved, very small; stamens three, ex-
serted; styles two; stigmas feathered. Seed one, round, enveloped by the
persistent calyx.

It appears to me somewhat doubtful whether this plant and the M. Myu-
rus of India are really congeners.

I am not certain whether this plant is really indigenous, or has been intro-
duced from the West Indies. I have only seen it around Charleston, where,
however, it is very common in dry pastures.

Flowers August — October.

CAREX. Gen. Pl. 1407.

Amentum imbrica-
tum. Masculi: Calyx
squama. Corolla (L

Foeminei: Calyx
squama. Corolla mo-
nopetala, ventricosa,
bidentata, persistens.
Stigmata 2 — 3. Se^
men triquetrum, inclu-
sum.

§ 1. Stigmatibus 2.

* Spicis dioicis.

1. Sterilis.

C. spicis subsenis;
fructibus ovatis, com-
presso triquetiis, acu-
minatis, apice recurvis,
bicuspidatis, margine
ciliato serratis.

Ament imbricated.
Male florets: Calyx a
scale. Corolla 0.

Female: Calyx a
scale. Corolla 1-pe-
talled, ventricose, 2-
toolhed, persistent.
Stigmas 2 or 3. Seed
triquetrous, inclosed.

§ 1. Stigmas 2.
^ Spikes dioecious.

Spikes generally 6;
fruit ovate, compress-
ed, triquetrous, acumi-
nate, recurved at the
point, two-pointed, cili-
ate serrate along the
margin.

626

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 208.
204.

Pursh, 1. p. 34. Muhl. Gram. p. 217. Nutt. 2. p.

Plant dioecious. Stem about twelve inches high, obtusely triquetrous,
slightly scabrous. Leaves linear, hispid along the margin, sheathing the
base of the stem. Sterile spikes three to five, alternate, approximate, ses-
sile. Scales oblong, slightly mucronate, yellowish. Fertile spikes five to
six, alternate, approximate, oblong, sessile. Scales ovate, acute, as long as
the corolla, when old yellowish. Willd. The two beaks of the corolla
generally straight.

Grows in wet meadows. Pursh. Found as far south as Georgia. Dr.
Schweinitz.

Flowers April — May.

** Spicis androgy^ ** Spikes androgy-
nis. nous.

t Spica unica,Jlori-
hvs superiorihus pie-
rumque masculis.

2. Cephalophora.

C. spicis in formam
ellipticam aggregatis;
fructibus ovatis, com-
pressis, bifidis, margi-
natis, superne ciliato-
serratis.

t Spike one, the up~
per florets generally
sterile.

Spikes collected into
an elliptic head; fruit
ovate, compressed, 2-
cleft, winged, ciliate,
serrate near the sum-
mit.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 220.
204.

Pursh, 1. p. 35. Muhl. Gram. p. 218. Nutt. 2. p.

Stem two to three feet high, triquetrous, scabrous along the margins.
heaves linear, very long. Spikes four to six, approximate, forming one
terminal head; bracteal leaf longer than the spike; scale ovate, mucronate.
Corolla ovate, compressed, scabrous along the margins, about as long as the
scale. Styles two. Seed ovate.

Grows in the mountainous districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers in May.

3. Squarrosa.

C. spica simpHci, Spike simple, oval,
ovali, inferne mascula; sterile at base; cap-

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

527

capsulis imbricatis ho-
rizontalibus, rostratis;
squamis minimis.

sules imbricate, hori-
zontal, beaked; scales
very small.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 215. Nutt. 2. p. 204.
C. Typhina, Mich. 2. p. l69.

Stem about a foot high, triquetrous, slightly scabrous along the margin.
heaves very narrow, longer than the stem, as usual in this genus glabrous
with finely serrulate or scabrous margins. Flowers in a large compact,
oval, terminal head, tapering at base. The base covered with sterile florets,
with the scales lanceolate acute, slightly coloured. Stamens three. Fertile
florets crowded, scale linear lanceolate, scarcely as long as the inflated body
of the corolla. Corolla somewhat globose, terminating abruptly in a long,
smooth, two-cleft beak. Seed triquetrous. Sti/le persistent.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia. Dr. Muhlenberg.

Flowers —

4. WiLLDENOvii. Schkuhr.

C. spica simplici;
stigmatibus plerumque
tribus; fructibus alter-
nis, oblongis, tereti tri-
quetris, scabris, acumi-
natis; squamis ovatis,
acuminatis, infima a-
pice foliacea.

Spike simple; stig-
mas generally three;
fruit alternate, oblong,
triquetrous nearly te-
rete, scabrous, acumi-
nate; scales ovate, a-
cuminate, the lowest
leafy at the point.

Sp. pi.
p. 204.

4. p. 211. Pursh, 1. p. 39. Muhl. Gram. p. 230. Nutt. 2.

Stem about six inches high, triquetrous. Leaves linear, longer than the
stem, sheathing its base. Spike terminal, simple, six sterile florets at the
summit, generally six fertile at the base. Scale of the sterile floret short,
obtuse. Stamens three. Scale of the fertile floret, ovate, acuminate,
(sheathing the floret,) resembling a leaf. Stigmas three. Capsule lanceo-
late, acuminate, triquetrous, at base globose. Muhl.

Varies with a sterile spike, linear, terminal, somewhat distinct, fertile flo-
rets, three to four, alternate, sessile. Muhl.

The only specimen I possess of this species belongs to this variety.

Grows in dry woods, Muhl. In Carolina, Dr. Schweinitz.

Flowers May — June.

528

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

tt Spicis pluribus^
Jloribus superioribus
masculis.

tt Spikes numerous^
the upper Jlowers ste-
rile.

5. Bromoides.

C. spiculis oblongis,
alternis, remoliuscu-
lis, sessilibus; capsulis
oblongis, aciiminatis,
rostratis, bicuspidatis;
squamis, obloiigis mu-
cronatis.

Spikes oblong, al-
ternate, remote, nearly
sessile; capsules oblong,
acuminate, beaked,
two-pointed, scales ob-
long, acuminate^

Sp. pi. 4. p. 258. Pursh, 1. p. 35. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Root perennial. Stem slender, triquetrous, about a foot high, scabrous
along the angles. Leaves linear, as long or longer than the stem, slightly
scabrous along the margins. Flowers in numerous, somewhat linear spikes,
the upper ones crowded, the lower rather distant. (Sterile spike linear,
inserted beneath the terminal female spike, caducous, Willd.) The fertile
florets numerous. Bracteal leaf at the base of each spike, small, ovate, with
a setaceous point, the lowest one much longer than the spike, the upper
ones shorter. Scales of the fertile florets oblong lanceolate, mucronate,
membranaceous, shorter than the corolla. Corolla ovate, sUghtly acumi-
nate, bifid at the summit, nerved. Stigmas two. Seed oval, compressed.

Grows in damp soils — near Ashepoo along the road side.

Flowers in April.

6. RetroflexA. Muhl.

C. spica androgyna,
composita; spiculis sub-
quaternis, remotiuscu-
lis, superne masculis;
fructibus ovatis, biden-
tatis, margine glabris,
reflexo patentibus;
squamis oblongo-lance-
olatis.

Spike androgynous,
compound; spikes gen-
erally four, somewhat
distant, sterile at the
summit; fruit ovate,
two-toothed, glabrous
on the margin, reflex-
ed; scales oblong, lan-
ceolate.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

529

Sp. pi. 4. p. 235.
204.

Pursh, 1. p. 35. Muhl. Gram. p. 219. Nutt. 2. p.

Stetn very slender, nearly twelve inches high, slightly angled, leafy near
the base. Leases linear, almost filiform, scabrous along the margin. Spikes
five to six, few-flowered, sterile at the summit. Scales ovate, acute, keeled,
shorter than the corolla. Fruit ovate, acuminate, glabrous, when mature
diverging.

Grows in dry soils. In the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers in May.

7. Stipata?

C. spiculis plurimis
(12 — 20), compositis,
aggregatis; fructibus
demum patentibus^ova-
tis, acuminatis, con-
vexo-planis, nervosis,
ciliato-serratis; culmo
triquetro, marginibus
sub scabris. E.

Spikes numerous (12
— 20), compound, ag-
gregate; fruit finally
expanding, ovate, acu-
minate, plano-convex,
nerved, ciliate, serrate;
stem triquetrous, with
the angles somewhat
scabrous.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 233. Pursh, 1. p. 35. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Stem one to two feet high, thick, succulent, very tender, very glabrous,
excepting the margins, which, particularly towards the summit, are slightly
scabrous. Leaves as long as the stem, (longer when young,) strap-shaped,
channelled, nerved, slightly serrulate, sheathing the base of the stem. Flow-
ers in numerous, compound spikelets, so closely aggregated as to form a
continued and somewhat compact spike, appressed when young, expanding
when mature. Male florets terminating each spikelet, scale ovate, mem-
branaceous, mucronate. Scale of the female floret similar. Corolla ovate,
tapering to the two-cleft summit, serrulate, nerved. Stigmas two. Seed
obtusely triquetrous.

Grows in swamps — very common.

Flowers April.

8. MUHLENBERGH.

C. spicuUs plurimis,
ovatis, alternis, ap-
proximatis; fructibus
subrotundo. - ovatis,

Spikes numerous,
ovate, alternate, ap-
proximate; fruit ovate,
nearly round, winged,

VOL. II,

x3

53a

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

marginatis, compressis, | compressed, two-tooth

bideiitatis, ciliato ser-
ratis; squamis mucro-
natis.

ed, ciliate, serrate;
scales mucronate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 231. Pursh, 1. p. 36. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Root perennial. Stem about two feet high, triquetrous, slightly scabrous
near the summit. Leaves longer than the stem, linear, scabrous along the
margin, sheathing the stem nearly to the middle. Spikes numerous, the
upper ones forming a compact cylindrical spike, the lower distinct. Brac-
teal leaves setaceous, much longer than the spikes. Scales ovate, mucro-
nate, longer than the corolla. Corolla ovate acuminate, compressed, slightly
wjnged, serrulate along the margin, two-cleft at the summit. Seed nearly
round, compressed.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers April.

9. MULTIFLORA.

C. spica oblonga,
decomposita, spiculis
ovatis, androgynis, su-
perne masculis; fructi-
bus ovatis, acuminatis,
bicuspidatis; squamis
ovatis, mucronatis;
bracteis foliaceis, fili-
formibus.

Spike oblong, com-
pound; spikelets ovate,
androgynous, sterile at
the summit; fruit o-
vate, acuminate, two
pointed; scales ovate,
mucronate; bracteas
leafy, filiform.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 243. Pursh, 1. p. 36. Muhl. Gram. p. 222. Nutt. 2. p.
204.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, triquetrous, scabrous, particularly
along the margins. Leaves narrow, somewhat rigid and scabrous, longer
than the stem. Spike compound. Spikelets numerous, approximate, form-
ing a somewhat compact, cylindrical, mass of florets. Scales of the fertile
florets lanceolate, slightly mucronate, somewhat chestnut coloured, with a
green midrib. Fruit ovate, compressed, scabrous along the margin, when
mature diverging and nearly as long as the scale.

Grows in wet lands. In the upper and mountainous districts of Carolina.

Flowers May.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
10. SPARGANIOIDES.

531

C. spiculis multiflo-
ris, suboctonis, ovatis,
subapproximatis; fruc-
tibus ovatis, compres-
sis, marginatis, bifidis,
margine ciliato-serra-
tis, horizontalibus.

Spikes many flow-
ered, generally eight,
ovate, approximate;
fruit ovate, compress-
ed, winged, two-cleft,
ciliate serrate along the
margin, horizontal.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 237. Pursh, 1. p. 36. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, nearly terete. Leaves numerous,
longer than the stem, striate, scabrous along the margins, two to three lines
wide. Flowers in numerous sessile spikes, (six to eight,) the upper ones
approximating. Bracteal leaf setaceous, rather longer than the spikes.
Scales ovate, mucronate, scarcely as long as the corolla. Corolla ovate,
slightly acuminate, compressed, horizontally expanding, finely serrate,
slightly two-cleft. Seed orbicular, compressed.

Grows in damp soils, in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers —

11. Rosea. Schkuhr.

C. spicuhs subqua-
ternis, remotis; fructi-
bus ovatis, acuminatis,
bidentatis, margine
ciliato serratis, hori-
zontalibus, squamis
ovatis, obtusis; bractea
foliacea ad basin spi-
culae inferioris.

Spikes generally 4,
remote; fruit ovate,
acuminate, 2-toothed,
ciliate serrate along
the margin, horizontal;
scales ovate, obtuse;
bractea leaflike at the
base of the lower
spike.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 237. Pursh, 1. p. 36. Muhl. Gram. p. 223. Nutt. 2. p.
204.

Stem about twelve inches high, slender, slightly angled. Leaves linear,
longer than the stem, a little scabrous along the margin. Spikes four to six,
small, sessile, the lower somewhat distant. The lowest bracteal leaf seta^

532

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

ceous, nearly two inches long. Scales ovate, rather acute, nearly as long
as the corolla. Fruit when mature diverging.

Nearly allied to C. Retroflexa, perhaps only a variety.

Grows in shaded woods, Pursh. In the upper districts of Carolina.

Flowers —

ttt Spicis pluribus,
Jloribus superioribus
Joemineis*

ttt Spikes nume-
rous, the upper jiowers
fertile.

12. Leporina.

C. spiculis tribus
subrotundo - ellipticis,
allernis, congestis;

fniclibus ellipticisjcom-
pressis, acuminatis,
ore integris.

Spikes three, nearly
round, elliptic, alter-
nate, clustered; fruit
elliptic, compressed,
acuminate, with the
mouth entire.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 229. Mich. 2. p. 170. Pursh, 1. p. 2,^. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Spikes androgynous, alternate, distinct, sessile, turgid and obtusely ovate,
without bracteas, green, sometimes tinged with yellow. Capsules compactly
imbricate, convex on one side, flat on the other, acuminate. Mich.

This species I have not seen.

Grows from Canada to Carolina. Mich.

Flowers —

13. SciRPOIDES.

C. spiculis subqua-
ternis, approximatis,
eHipticis; fructibus o-
vatis, bidentatis, com-
pressis, margine ciliato
serratis, erectis; squa-
mis ellipticis obtusis.

Spikes generally 4,
approximate, elliptic;
fruit ovate, 2-toothed,
compressed, ciliate ser-
rate along the margin,
erect; scales elliptic,
obtuse.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 237. Pursh, 1. p. 37- Nutt. 2. p. 204.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

533

Stem eight to twelve inches high, slender, slightly triquetrous, but at base
when surrounded by the sheaths of the leaves appearing cylindrical, slightly
scabrous towards the summit along the margins. Leaves very narrow,
scarcely a line wide, nearly as long as the stem, sheathing its base, the low-
est very short. Spikes generally four to six, squarrose, sessile, bracteas
subulate, small, the lowest sometimes longer than the spike. Male florets
numerous, forming a long spike at the base of the terminal spike, solitary or
wanting at the base of the lower spikes; calyx a scale, membranaceous,
very acute, with the midrib green. Scale of the female floret similar to that
of the male. Corolla ovate, acuminate, serrate along the margin, two-cleft
at tiie summit, with the teeth erect, expanding horizontally. Stigmas two.

Grows iu swamps.

Flowers April.

14. Lagopodioides.

C. spiculis duodenis,
alterais, ellipticis, ob-
tusis, approximatis;
fructibus ovato-Ianceo-
latis, marginatis, bicus-
pidatis; bractea folia-
cea, longissima, ad ba-
sin spicae ultiinae.

Spikes numerous,
alternate, elliptic, ob-
tuse, approximate;
fruit ovate lanceolate,
winged, two-pointed;
bractea leaflike, very
long, at the base of the
lower spike.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 230. Pursh, 1. p. 37- Muhl. Gram. p. 226. Nutt. 2. p.
204.

Stem erect, one to two feet high, obtusely triquetrous, scabrous near the
summit. Leaves strap-shaped, longer than the stem, sheathing its base.
Spikes very numerous, ten to twenty, ovate, approximate, forming one
large, oblong head. Florets in each spike very numerous, imbricate, co-
rolla ovate lanceolate, distinctly two-pointed, nerved, much longer than the
ovate scale. Lower bracteal leaf setaceous, as long as the head.

Grows in swamps and wet meadows, in the mountainous districts of Caro-
lina. Dr. Schweinitz.

Flowers —

15. FOENEA.

C. spiculis pluribus,
inferioribus distinctis,
compositis, superiori-

Muhlenberg]

Spikes numerous, the
lower distinct, com-
pound, the upper ap-

5S4>

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

proximate, ovate; fruit
ovate, acuminate, two-
toothed, longer than
the scale; bracteal leaf
at the base of the low-
est spike setaceous,
long.

bus sub approximatis,
ovatis; fructibus ova-
tis, acuminatis, biden-
tatis, squama pauIo
longioribus; bractea
setacea longa ad basin
spicae ultimae. E.

Muhl. Gram. p. 227-

Stem one to two feet high, obtusely triquetrous, scabrous near the summit.
Leaves strap-shaped, as long as the stem, scabrous along the margins,
sheathing the base of the stem for some distance from the ground. Spikes
numerous, (eight to ten,) the lower separate and compound, the upper
forming a continued mass of flowers. Florets numerous, imbricate. Co-
rolla ovate, acuminate, very finely serrulate, very slightly two-cleft at the
summit, larger than the ovate lanceolate scale. The lower bracteal leaf
subulate, two to three inches long, the upper ones very small.

For specimens of this plant, and for my knowledge of it as a southern
species, I am indebted to Dr. Schweinitz.

Grows in the upper districts of North and South-Carolina.

Flowers —

16. OVALIS.

C. spiculis subsenis,
subrotundo - ellipticis,
alternis, sub approxi-
matis, inferne masculis;
fructibus ovatis, mar-
ginatis, bidentatis, ci-
liato-serratis.

Spikes generally 6,
elliptic, nearly round,
alternate, approximate,
florets at base sterile;
fruit ovate, margined,
two-toothed. ciliate
serrate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 229. Pursh, 1. p. 37. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Stem about twelve inches high, triquetrous, with the angles acute, sca-
brous. Leaves narrow, about as long as the stem. Spikes approximate,
oval, Scales ovate lanceolate, acute, as long as the corolla. Corolla ob-
long, acuminate, with the mouth entire. Good. Trans. Lin. Soc. 2. p. 148.

With this species I have no acquaintance. It is mentioned by Dr.
Schweinitz, in his letters, as one of our southern species.

Flowers —

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

535

17. SCOPARIA.

C. spiculis subquinis,
alternis, ellipticis, ob-
tusis, subapproximatis;
fructibus ovato-Ianceo-
latis, marginalis, bicus-
pidatis; bracteis ob-
loiigis, mucronatis.

Spikes generally 5,
alternate, elliptic, ob-
tuse, approximate;
fruit ovate lanceolate,
winged, two-pointed;
bracteas oblong, mu-
cronate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 230. Pursh, 1. p. 37- Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Stem one to two feet high, obtusely triquetrous. Leaves linear, channel-
led, with the margins and keel scabrous towards the summit, closely sheath-
ing the stem at base. Spikes five to eight, approximate, distinct, lanceolate,
sessile, all surrounded at base with a few sterile florets. Lower bracteal
leaves longer than the spikes, the upper shorter. Scales ovate, membrana-
ceous, rather acute, white with the midrib green, about as long as the corol-
la. Corolla ovate, compressed, tapering at the summit, slightly two-cleft,
acutely serrulate. Stigmas two, long.

This species, perhaps the most common in our low country, appears to
vary with spikes lanceolate, nearly round, (perhaps from age,) and some-
times obovate. It appears almost to be intermediate between the C. Sco-
paria and Straminea of the northern states.

Grows every where in damp soils.

Flowers April — June.

18. Festucacea?

C. spiculis subocto-
nis, subapproximatis,
alternis, cylindraceis;
fructibus subrotundo-
ovatis, rostratis, biden-
tatis, margine ciliato-
serratis, squama lan-
ceolata mucronata ma-
joribus.

Spikes generally 8,
approximate, alternate,
cylindrical; fruit ovate,
nearly round, beaked,
two-toothed, ciliate ser-
rate along the margin,
larger than the lanceo-
late, mucronate scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 242. Pursh, l.p. 38. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Root perennial. Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, very slender, tri-
quetrous, scabrous on the margins. Leaves narrow, about as long as the
stem. Flowers in linear spikes, generally approximate, sometimes patent.

536

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

with one or two male florets at the summit, and some frequently intermin-'
gled with the fertile. Bracteal leaves very small. Scales oblong lanceo-
late, very acute, excepting the midrib membranaceous. Stamens three-
Corolla of the fertile floret at first shorter than the scale, increasing with
age, becoming long, tapering, nerved, very slightly serrulate along the mar-
gins, somewhat contracted at the summit of the seed, two-cleft at the sum-
mit. Stigmas two, very long. Seed oval, compressed.

The male florets in this species appear to grow very irregularly; they are
sometimes on the summit of the spikes, and sometimes occupy near the
whole of one of the middle spikes. A specimen resembling this very much
was sent me by Dr. Muhlenberg as the C. Paniculata, but the C. Paniculata
of Europe is certainly distinct.

Grows in swamps and damp soils.

Flowers March — April; one of our earliest species.

%%^ Spicis sexu dis-
tinctis; spica mascula
solitaria,

19. CiESPiTosA. Lin.

C. spicis foemineis,
cylindraceis, obtusis,
subternis, distantibus,
infima bievissime pe-
dunculata; fructibus
ovatis, obtusis, squama
oblonga obtusa majori-
biis; foliis patulis.

*** Sterile and fer-
tile spikes distinct^ ste'
rile spike solitary.

Fertile spikes cylin-
drical, obtuse, general-
ly 3, distant, the lowest
on a very short pedun-
cle; fruit ovate, ob-
tuse, larger than the
oblong, obtuse scale;
leaves expanding.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 287. Muhl. Gram. p. 264. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Stem slender, triquetrous, striate, twelve to eighteen inches high, heaves
linear, acute, scabrous along the margin, as long as the stem. Sterile spikes
one to two; fertile alternate, nearly sessile, long, slender, three to four,
sometimes bearing sterile florets at the summit. Scale linear lanceolate,
dark coloured with a green midrib. Capstile oblong. Bracteal leaves long.

Grows in boggy, turfy soils.
Flowers —

Carolina, Dr. Schweinitz.

20. Criinita.

C. spicis masculis Sterile spikes 2, fer-
geminis, foemineis qua- tile 4, distant, pedun-

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

537

ternis, clistantibiis, pe-
diinciilatis, cylintl race-
is, pendulis; fructibus
subrotundo - ellipticis,
ventricosis, brevissime
rostellatis, ore integris,
squama oblonga aris-
tata, brevioribus.

dilate, cylindrical, pen-
dulous; fruit elliptic,
nearly round, ventri-
cose, with a short beak
and entire mouth,
shorter than the ob-
long, awned scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 300. Pursh, 1. p. 38. Nult. 2. p. 204.

Stem about two feet high, acutely triquetrous, concave on the sides so as
to appear slightly winged, finely serrulate along the margins. Leaves long-
er than the stem, the lower ones sheathing, channelled, nerved, very gla-
brous, not even scabrous on the edges. Male spikes with us generally soli-
tary, slender, pendulous, the scales lanceolate, mucronate. Female spikes
generally three, not very distant, pendulous, on short peduncles merely en-
veloped, not inclosed, each terminated by a number of male florets; scales
ovate, with a long subulate point. Corolla ovate, compressed, terminating
in a simple point, shorter than the scale. Stigmas two.

Grows in river swamps.

Flowers April — May.

21. Acuta.

C. spicis masculis
binis, ternisve, foemi-
neis subquaternis, sub
pedunculatis, subnu'tan-
tibus, cylindraceis, re-
motis; fructibus oblon-
gis brevissime rostella-
tis, ore integro, squa-
mam oblongam acutran
sub aequantibus.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 304. Pursh, 1. p. 38. Muhl. Gram. p.

Stevi about two feet high, triquetrous, scabrous. Leaves narrow, keeled,
scabrous along the margin, the lower sheathing the base of the stem, the
upper sessile. Sterile spikes one to three, cylindrical; the fertile about three,
the upper sessile, the lowest on a short peduncle, and the summit of each
for nearly one third of its length frequently occcupied with sterile florets.

VOL. II. Y 3

Sterile spikes 2 or
3, fertile generally 4,
on short peduncles,
somewhat nodding, cy-
lindrical, remote; fruit
oblong, with a very
short, entire mouth,
nearly the length of the
oblong, rather acute
scale.

538

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Corolla ovate, nearly entire at the summit, scarcely longer than the dark

brown scale. _ r n> x-

Grows in bogs and turfy soils. In the upper districts of Carolina.
Flowers April — May.

^ 2. Stigmatibus 3.

* Spica terminali
mascula, cceteris andro-
gyjiis.

22. Triceps. Mich.

C. spicis sub quater-
nis, approximatis, el-
lipticis, sessilibus; fruc-
tibus ovatis, compres-
sis, glabris, squamam
ovatam acuminatam
sub aequantibus.

§ 2. Stigmas 3.

* Terminal spike
sterile, the rest andro-
gynous.

Spikes generally 4,
approximate, elliptic,
sessile; fruit ovate,
compressed, glabrous,
about as long as the
ovate acuminate scale.

Mich. 2. p. 170.

Stem tw;elve to eighteen inches high, acutely triquetrous, scabrous along
the margins, slender. Leaves linear, slightly scabrous on the edges, scarcely
longer than the stem, a little pubescent near the sheaths. Spikes generally
four, three larger, approximate, whence the name given by Michaux, the
fourth smaller, and a little remote, all sessile, or on very short peduncles,
the base of the upper spike surrounded with male florets. Scales ovate,
slightly acuminate. Corolla of the female florets ovate, somewhat com-
pressed, not pointed at first, shorter than the scale, when old quite as long.
Stismas \\\xeQ. 5eerfs triquetrous. ^

Neariy allied to C. Virescens, from which it appears to differ by its cyhn-
drical or elliptic spikes and glabrous corolla.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers April — May.

23. HiRSUTA.

C. spica androgyna
oblonga, obovata, in-
ferne mascula; foemi-
neis remotiusculis, sub-

Terminal spike an-
drogynous, oblong, ob-
ovate with sterile florets
at base; fertile spikes

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

339

ternis, subsessilibus,
oblongis; fructibus o-
vatis obtiisissimis, ob-
tuse triquetris; foliis
vaginisque hirsiitis.

generally three, nearly
sessile, oblong; fruit
ovate, very obtuse, ob-
tusely triquetrous;
leaves and sheath hir-
sute.

>04.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 252. Pursh, 1, p. 40. Nutt. 2. p.

Stem about a foot high, slender, triquetrous, pubescent near the summit.
Leaves narrow, rather longer than the stem, somewhat hairy. Spikes three
to four, the terminal sterile at base, the rest generally fertile, the lower some-
what cylindrical on short peduncles. Scales of the fertile florets ovate
mucronate, scarcely as long as the mature fruit. Corolla ovate, nerved.

In specimens of this plant collected near St. Mar3''s, by Dr. Baldwin, the
leaves are less hairy, and the lateral spikes more nearly sessile, than in those
I possess from Pennsylvania.

Grows near St. Mary's, Georgia. Dr. Baldwin.

Flowers —

24. BuxBAUMii. Wahlenberg.

C. spica androgyna
pedunculata, obovata,
inferne mascula, foe-
mineis subternis, remo-
tis sub pedunculatis;
fructibus ellipticis, tri-
quetris, obtusis, obso-
lete bidentatis, squa-
mam oblongam mu-
cronatam subaequanti-
bus.

Androgynous spike
pedunculate, obovate,
bearing sterile florets
at base, fertile florets
three, remote, on short
peduncles; fruit elliptic,
triquetrous, obtuse,
slightly 2-toothed, as
long as the oblong, mu-
cronate scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 252. Pursh, 1. p. 40. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Stem one to two feet high, slender, triquetrous, glabrous, somewhat sca-
brous near the summit. Leaves narrow, long, with the margins scabrous.
Spikes three or four, the terminal spike with the lower half, or sometimes
more than half, bearing sterile flowers, the lower spikes generally fertile, erect,
sessile or on very short peduncles. Scales of both florets in my specimens
lanceolate, very dark brown, almost black, with a green midrib, very acute,
rather longer than the fruit. Corolla ovate, compressed, smooth, somewhat

540

MONOECIA TFtlANDRIA.

triquetrous, nearly white, terminating in a very short, two-cleft summit.
Lower bractea longer than the spike, the upper ones shorter.

Grows in swamps and bogs in the upper districts of Carolina. Dr.
Schweinitz.

flowers July — August. Pursh.

Spikes 3 androgy-
nous, 2 female, erect,
cylindrical, peduncu-
late, distant; fruit o-
vate, acuminate, two-
pointed, hairy, longer
than the ovate lanceo-
late, awned scale.

25. Trichocarpa.

C. spicis androgynis
tribus, foemineis binis
pedunculatis, erectis,
cylindraceis, remotis;
fructibus ovatis, acu-
minatis, bicuspidatis,
pilosis, squama ovato-
lanceolata aristata lon-
gioribus.

Pursh, 1. p. 40. Nutt. 2. p. 204.

Stem two to three feet high, acutely triquetrous, serrulate along the mar-
gins. Leaves four to seven lines wide, rather longer than the stem, chan-
nelled, very acute, scabrous on the upper surface, the margins and midrib
serrulate, sheathing at base. Flowers in distinct spikes, the sterile superior,
one to five, alternate, terete, sessile, one to two inches long; fertile spikes
two to three, remote, nearly sessile, erect, cylindrical, the Iruit expanding.
Of the sterile florets the bracteal leaf is setaceous or subulate, the lower lon-
ger than the spike, the scale lanceolate, rather obtuse, the midrib rufous.
Stamens three. Of the fertile spike the bracteal leaves resemble the root
leaves, are very long, and have little or no sheath. Scale lanceolate, slightly
mucronate. Corolla ovate, inflated, nerved, acuminate, pubescent, a little
longer than the scale. Stig?nas three. Seed obtusely triquetrous.

Our plant is larger than the specimens sent me from Pennsylvania by Dr.
Muhlenberg, and the fruit less hairy. Does it belong to this section?

Grows in deep swamps; to me rare; found in fresh marshes along the
Ogeechee river.

Flowers in April.

*^ Spicis sexu dis^
tinctis; mascula solita'
via, foemineis subsessi'
lihuSi tel incluse pe^
dunculatis*

%% Pertile and ste-
rile spikes distinct; ste^
rile spike one; fertile
spikes nearly sessile, or
with peduncles sheath-
ed*

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

541

26. Varia.

C. spicis foemineis
subternis, subapproxi-
matis, sessilibus, sub-
globosis; fruclibus sub
globoso-triquetris, ros-
tratis, bidentalis, pube-
scentibus, squama ob-
longa brevioribus; cul-
mo ereclo.

Fertile spikes gene-
rally three, approxi-
mate, sessile, nearly
globose; fruit trique-
trous, somewhat glo-
bose, beaked, two-
toothed, pubescent,
shorter than the ob-
long scale; stem erect.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 259. Pursh, 1. p. 40. Nutt. 2. p. 205.

Stem slender, six to eight inches high, scabrous along the angles. Leaves
generally longer than the stem, narrow, subulate, scabrous along the mar-
gins. Flowers in three or four small spikes, the upper sterile, the lower
fertile, sometimes approximate, sometimes distinct. Sterile spike oblong
lanceolate, the scales lanceolate, with ferruginous sides. Fertile spikes com-
pact, the scales ovate lanceolate, acute, rather shorter than the mature fruit,
tinged with brown. Corolla globose, pubescent, with a short acuminate
point.

Grows in shaded rich soils.

Flowers April — May.

27. Dasycarpa. Muhl.

C. spica mascula
parva, foemineis sub-
ternis, subapproxima-
tis; fructibus ovato tri-
quetris, villoso hispidis,
squama acuminata lon-
gioribus. E.

Muhl. Gram. p. 236.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, triquetrous, glabrous. Leaves
very narrow, lanceolate, linear, glabrous, all excepting the bracteas shorter
than the stem. Sterile spike very small, terminal, scales lanceolate. Fer-
tile spikes generally three, near together, the upper sessile, the lower on
jhort peduncles. Bracteas resembling the leaves, longer than the stem, em-
bracing the base of the peduncle. Scale ovate acuminate. Corolla obtusely

Sterile spike small,
fertile generally three,
approximate; fruit o-
vate, somewhat trique-
trous, villous and his-
pid, longer than the
acuminate scale.

642

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

triquetrous, somewhat ovate, with the mouth entire, nerved, very villous,
somewhat hoary. Stigmas three. Style triquetrous.

This species of Carex, which I sent to Dr. Muhlenberg many years ago,
I have never found but once; I then met with it in dry pastures, on Paris'
Island. Its corolla is more villous than that of any species with which I am
acquainted. The spikes and fruit larger than those of C. Virescens.

Flowers in May.

28. Margiivata. Mulil.

C. spicis foemineis
subgeminis, approxi-
matis, subglobosis, sub-
sessilibus; fructibus
globosis, tomentosis,
bidentatis, squama ob-
longo-ovata majoribus;
foliis radi call bus, cul-
mo longioribus.

Fertile spikes gene-
rally two, approximate,
subglobose, nearly ses-
sile; fruit globose, to-
mentose, two-toothed,
larger than the oblong
obovate scale; leaves
radical, longer than the
stem.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 261. Pursh, 1. p. 40. Nutt. 2. p. 205.

Plant scarcely a foot long, growing in tufts. Stem slender, triquetrous,
scabrous along the margins. Leaves linear, almost subulate, nearly as long
as the stem, slightly scabrous along the margins. Spikes crowded at the
summit, sterile spike terminal, cylindrical, six to eight lines long, scales
ovate, chestnut coloured with a white margin, the lower obtuse, the upper
somewhat acute. Fertile spikes at the base of the sterile, two to three each,
bearing three to six flowers, scales ovate, acute, sometimes mucronate,
nearly as long as the fruit.

Grows on dry hills and rocks. Pursh.

Flowers April and May.

29. Vestita. Willd.

C. spica mascula
lanceolata, foemineis
geminis, ovatis, ses-
silibus, approximatis,
fructibus ovatis, ros-
tratis, ore obliquis, pu-
bescentibus, squamam

Sterile spike lanceo-
late, the fertile two,
ovate, sessile, approxi-
mate; fruit ovate, bea-
ked, with an oblique
summit, pubescent, as
long as the ovate acute

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

543

o vat am acutam
quantibus.

subae- I scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 263. Pursh, 1. p. 41. Nutt. 2. p. 205.

Stem about two feet high, acutely triquetrous, scabrous along the margins.
Leaves narrow, strap-shaped, about as long as the stem. Sterile spike ter-
minal, narrow, lanceolate, almost cylindrical, scales ovate, dusky, with a
membranaceous margin. Fertile spikes two, cylindrical, nearly sessile, just
below the base of the sterile. Corolla ovate, attenuate at the summit, slightly
two-cleft, pubescent, almost tomentose. Scales ovate, the lower sometimes
mucronate, about as long as the corolla. Bracteas scarcely longer than the
spikes.

Grows in wet meadows. Pursh.

Flowers May — June.

30. Tentaculata.

C. spicis foemineis
tribus, ovatis, sessili-
bus, horizontalibus, sub
approximatis, confer-
tis; bracteis longissime
foliaceis; corollis ova-
tis, ventricosis, nervo-
sis, longissime rostra-
tis, ore bidentatis,
squama parvula ovata
mucronata longioribus.

Fertile spikes three,
ovate, nearly sessile,
horizontal, approxi-
mate, crowded; brac-
teas very long, leaflike;
corolla ovate, ventri-
cose, nerved, with a
long beak, two-toothed
at the summit, longer
than the small, ovate,
mucronate scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 266. Pursh, 1. p. 41. Muhl. Gram, p. 239. Nutt. 2. p.
205.

C. Rostrata? Mich. 2. p. 173.

Stem two feet high, triquetrous. Leaves very long, lanceolate, linear,
nerved, scabrous along the margins, sheathing the base of the stem. Sterile
spike long, solitary, scale linear lanceolate, mucronate. Fertile spikes
three, approximate, the two upper sessile, the third with a short included
peduncle. Bracteal leaves much longer than the stemj scale very much
dilated at base, mucronate; coroMa ventricose, ovate, terminating in a long
beak, very slightly two-cleft, nerved, but the nerves less conspicuous than >
those of the two preceding species, very compactly crowded on the spike.

Grows in wet soils. I have not seen it in the low country.

Flowers April and May.

544

MONOECJA TRIANDRIA.

30. LUPULINA.

C. spicis foemineis
tribus,pedunculatis, ob-
longis, approximatis;
bracteis longissimis,
foliaceis; fructibus o-
vatis, ventricosis, ner-
vosis, longissime coni-
co-rostratis, ore bicus-
pidatis, squama ovata
mucronata multolies
longioribus.

Fertile spikes three,
oblong, approximate,
with inclosed pedun-
cles; bracteas very
long, leaflike; fruit o-
vate, ventricose, nerv-?-
ed, with long, conical,
2-pointed beaks, much
longer th m the ovate
mucronate scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 266. Pursh, 1. p. 41. Muhl. Gram. p. 241. Nutt. 2. p.
205.

Stem two to three feet high, triquetrous. Leaves lanceolate linear, with
the margin and midrib scabrous. Sterile spike solitary, sometimes two,
scales linear lanceolate, very acute, mucronate. Fertile spikes two to three,
approximate, ovate, sometimes globose, on short peduncles, the lower en-
closed in a short sheath, scale lanceolate, acuminate, with the point some-
what hispid. Corolla ovate, inflated, distinctly nerved, terminating in a
long, two-cleft beak, much longer than the scale. Stigmas three.

Grows in swamps and wet soils.

Flowers April — May.

31. GiGANTEA. Rudge.

C. spicis foemineis
3 — 4, remotis^; cylin-
dricis, erectis, incluse
pedunculatis; bracteis
foliaceis, longissimis,
glaberrimis; corolHs
ovatis, conico rostratis,
bifidis, nervosisjventri-
cosis, squama ovato-
lanceolata longioribus.

Fertile spikes 3 — 4,
remote, cylindrical, e-
rect, with inclosed pe-
duncles; bracteas long,
leafy, glabrous; corol-
la ovate, with a coni-
cal two-cleft beak, ner-
ved, ventricose, longer
than the ovate lanceo-
late scale.

Trans. Lin. Soc. 7. p. 99. t. 10. f. 2. Muhl. Gram. p. 240.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

545

Stem one to two feet high, triquetrous, glabrous. Leaves longer than the
stem, strap-shaped, slightly channelled, scarcely scabrous along the margins,
sheathing at base. Male spike terminal, scales ovate, acute. Female spikes
three, sometimes with a few male florets at the summit of each, distant, half
or more of the long peduncle inclosed. Corolla ovate, acute, nerved, two-
cleft at the mouth, twice as long as the ovate, very acute scale, somewhat
inflated when mature. Stigmas three. Seed triquetrous.

Grows in bogs and swampsj very common.

Flowers April — May.

33. FOLLICULATA.

C. spicis foemineis
sub quaternis, erectis,
exerte pedunculalis,
paucifloris; fructibus
ovalis, ventricosis, ner
vosis, rostratis, squa-
ma ovata longioribus.
E.

Fertile spikes gene-
rally 4, erect, pedun-
culate, few flowered;
fruit ovate, ventricose,
nerved, beaked, longer
than the ovate scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 281. Mich. 2. p. 171. Pursh, 1. p. 42. Nutt. 2. p. 205.

Stem about two feet high, erect, triquetrous, with the margins near the
summit, scabrous. Leaves longer than the stem, strap-shaped, scabrous,
slightly channelled, with short sheaths at base. Male spike solitary, termi-
nal, scales lanceolate, acute. Female spikes two to four, rarely soli-
tary, erect on short exserted peduncles, the lower one, when there are four,
remote. Florets six to twenty, expanding horizontally. Corolla ovate,
rostrate, slightly two-cleft at the mouth, nerved, conspicuously inflated, lon-
ger than the narrow, ovate, slightly acuminate scale. Stigmas three. Seed
triquetrous.

A few male florets generally occur at the summit of each fertile spike.

Grows in swamps.

Flowers April — May.

*** Spicis Jbemine" j **^ Fertile spikes
is pedunculatis* j on peduncles,

34. Plantaginea.

C. spicis peduncula- j Spikes pedunculate,
tis, foemineis quaternis | fertile four, distant;

VOL. II. z 3

646

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

distantibus; fructibus
ellipticis, triquetris, pe-
diceilatis, glabris, squa-
ma ovata cuspidata
(trimum), brevioribus;
bracteis vaginalis apice
subfoliaceis; foliis ra-
dicalibus, lanceolatisj
nervosis.

fruit elliptic, trique-
trous, pedicellate, gla-
brous, at first shorter
than the ovate, cuspi-
date scale,- bracteas
sheathing at the sum-
mit, leaflike; leaves ra-
dical, lanceolate, nerv-
ed.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 257. Mich. 2. p. 173. Pursh, 1. p. 42. Nutt. 2. p. 205.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate linear,
assuming the lanceolate form more than usual among grasses, nerved, gla-
brous, thin, very slightly serrulate along the margins. Sterije spike one,
terminal, fertile generally about four, distant, erect, linear, the fruit not
crowded, the lower on long peduncles, the peduncles of the upper scarcely
longer than the sheaths. Bracteal leaves resembling those of the root, all
sheathing for at least half an inch the base of the peduncle. Scales of the
sterile floret lanceolate, acute, not mucronate; of the fertile ovate mucro-
nate. Corolla oblong, somewhat oblique, acute, slightly notched at the
summit, very distinctly nerved, and when mature, in my specimens alwayis
longer than the scale.

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers April.

35. Castanea. E.

C. spica mascula so-
litaria; foemineis tri-
bus, subrotundis, infi-
ma longissime p^dun-
culata, cernua, superi-
oribus sessilibus; co-
rolla triquetro ovata,
glabra, puncticulosa,
squama ovata, obtusa
multo longiore.

C. Fulva? Muhl. Gram. p. 246.

Sterile spike solita-
ry; fertile spikes three,
nearly round, the low-
est on a long peduncle,
nodding, the upper ses-
sile; corolla trique-
trous ovate, glabrous,
slightly dotted, much
longer than the ovate,
obtuse scale.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

547

Root perennial, stoloniferous. Stem about two feet high, triquetrous,
slender, purple at base. Leaves linear, nerved, scabrous along the margin,
shorter than the stem. Sterile spike about an inch long, much shorter than
its three-nerved bracteal leaf; scales oblong, obtuse, brown with a white mar-
gin. Fertile spikes three, (nine to sixteen flowered,) the upper bearing on
the summit a (e\v sterile flowers, sessile as well as the middle spike, the
Idwer cernuous on a long peduncle. Corolla inflated, ovate, obtusel}' tri-
quetrous, distinctly nerved, terminating in a long beak, two-cleft at the
summit, somewhat coriaceous, lucid, and transversely striate, resembling
under a lens the surface of fine morocco leather. Seed triquetrous.

This species appears to me to have no resemblance to the European C.
Fulva, at least as that plant is figured in Trans. Lin. Soc. 2. t. 20. f. 6. I
have, therefore, changed its name. Its close and strong affinity is to C. Fol-
liculata, from which, however, it is by its calyx and corolla sufficiently dis-
tinct. It is also a coarser grass.

Grows in wet pine barrens. Chatham county, Georgia.

Flowers in April.

36. Anceps.

C. spicis foemineis
tribus, remotis, infeii-
oribus pediuiculatis;
fruclibus ovatis, nervo-
sis, ore membranaceis,
squama obloriga mu-
cronata? longioribus.

Fertile spikes three,
distant, the lower pe-
dunculate; fruit ovate,
nerved, membranace-
ous at the mouth, long
er than the
mucronate? scale.

oblong,

Sp. pi. 4. p. 278. Pursh, 1. p. 42. Nutt. 2. p. 205.

Stem triquetrous, compressed, almost ancipitous. Bracteal leaves sheath-
ing. The upper fertile spike sessile, the rest on peduncles. Fertile /ore^s
alternate, rather remote. Willd.

I quote the observations of Willdenow on this species, because to me it
has been obscure. The plants returned to me by Dr. Muhlenberg as C.
Anceps, are too nearly allied to C. Flexuosa. Dr. Muhlenberg has himself
referred C. Anceps to C. Plantaginea.

Grows in wet fields on the sides of ditches. Pursh.

Flowers April — May.

37. CONOIDEA.

C. spicis foemineis
binis, remotis, supre-
ma subsessili, infima

Fertile spikes two,
distant, the upper near-
ly sessile, the lower on

548

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

longe pedunculata;
fructibus oblongoconi-
cis, obtusis, squamam
aristatam aequantibus.

a long peduncle; fruit
oblong conic, obtuse,
as long as the awned
scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 280. Pursh, 1. p. 43. Muhl. Gram. p. 248. Nutt. 2. p.

I have been accustomed, perhaps incorrectly, to refer the following plant
to this species.

Stem about twelve inches high, triquetrous. Leaves narrow, somewhat
subulate, those of the root shorter than the stem, all scabrous along the mar-
gin. Sterile spike terminal, small, scales lanceolate. Fertile spikes two to
three, the upper ones (when two) approximate, on short peduncles, the lower
distant on a peduncle one to two inches long, all small, somewhat cylindri-
cal, but not compact. Corolla lanceolate, tapering at each extremity, tri-
quetrous, somewhat oblique, nerved, the mouth nearly entire, longer than
the ovate lanceolate scale. The lower bractea leaflike, longer than the
stem.

Grows in wet soils.

Flowers in April.

38. Granularis.

C. spicis foemineis
tribus remotis, binis
inferioribus peduncula-
tis; fructibus globoso-
ovatis, nervosis, ven-
tricosis,brevissime ros-
tellatis, ore obsolete
emarginato, squama
ovato-lanceolata longi-
oribus.

Fertile spikes three,
distant, the two lower
pedunculate; fruit o-
vate, globular, nerved,
ventricose, with a very
short beak, the mouth
slightly emarginate,
longer than the ovate
lanceolate scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 279. Pursh, 1. p. 43. Muhl. Gram. p. 247-
Stem about twelve inches high, glaucous, when old decumbent. Leaves
narrow, somewhat glaucous. Spike of sterile florets solitary, sometimes,
though very rarely, there is a second with fertile florets intermingled. Spikes
of fertile florets two or three, the lowest on a peduncle, the upper nearly ses-
sile. The peduncles all sheathed at base. Scale ovate acuminate. Corolla
nearly round, distinctly nerved, with the mouth entire and recurved.

This species I have not seen in this country. In specimens sent me froni
Pennsylvania by Dr. Muhlenberg, some pubescence is visible on the leaf
and sometimes on the corolla.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

549

Grows in barren meadows and woods, from Canada to Carolina. Pursh.
Flowers in May.

39. Tetanica.

C. spicis foemineis
binis, remotis, suprema
subsessili, infima longe
pedunculata; fructibus
ovatis, utrinque acutis
apice recurvis, ore in-
tegris, squama obtusa
ovata longioribus.

Fertile spikes two,
distant, the upper near-
ly sessile, the lowest on
a long peduncle,' fruit
ovate, acute at each
end, recurved at the
summit, entire at the
mouth, longer than the
scale.

Pursh, 1. p. 43. Muhl. Gram. p. 250. Nutt. 2. p. 205.
C. Striatula? Mich, 2. p. 173.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, slender, triquetrous, glabrous.
Leaves linear, acute, much shorter than the stem. Spikes few, small; ste-
rile one terminal, fertile generally two, very distant, one nearly sessile to-
wards the summit of the stem, the lower pedunculate, erect. Scales of the
sterile florets obtuse; of the fertile, in my specimens, acute. Corolla tri-
quetrous, acute at each end, distinctly nerved, somewhat oblique.

Grows in Carolina. Mich. Sent to me from North-Carolina by Dr.
Schweinitz.

Flowers —

40. Laxiplora. La Marck?

C. spicis foemineis
tribus, distantibus, 6 —
8 floris, infima remote
pedunculata; fructibus
oblongis ventricosis,
obtusis, squama ovata
mucronata majoribus.

Fertile spikes three,
distant, 6 — 8 flowered,
the lowest distant, pe-
duncled; fruit oblong
ventricose, obtuse,
larger than the ovate,
mucronate scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 281. Pursh, 1. p. 43. Muhl. Gram. p. 251. Nutt. 2. p.
205.

Stem one to two feet high, triquetrous, with the margin scabrous. Leaves

550

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

narrow lanceolate, nerved, very acute, somewhat scabrous along the mar-
gins. Sterile spike terminal, slender. Fertile spikes two to three, the low-
est on a peduncle one to two inches long, the upper ones shorter. Spikes
few flowered, the flowers unusually distant (for this genus.) Corolla lance-
olate, tapering at each extremity, oblique, obtusely triquetrons, nerved, the
mouth nearly entire, about as long as the ovate, acuminate, mucronate scale.
Bracteal leaves all much longer than the stem.

Grows in damp, shaded soils. Carolina, Dr. Schweinitz. Allied to C.
Conoidea?

Flowers April— May.

41. Hystericina. Miihl.

C. spica mascula so-
litaria, squamis ovato-
oblongis sub mucrona-
tis^ foemineis cylindra-
ceis 2 — 4, infima longe
pedunculata; fructibus
ovatis, multinervibus,
rostratis, ore bifidis
squama oblonga crista-
ta longioribus.

Sterile spike solita-
ry, scales ovate, ob-
long, slightly mucro-
nate, fertile spikes cy-
lindrical 2 — 4, the low-
est on a long peduncle;
fruit ovate, many nerv-
ed, beaked, the mouth
two-cleft, longer than
the oblong awned
scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 282. Pursh, 1. p. 43. Muhl. Gram. p. 252. Nutt. 2. p.
205.

Stetn about two feet high, triquetrous, scabrous along the angles. Leaves
long, narrow, scabrous, sheathing the base of the stem. Sterile spike termi-
nal, cylindrical, one to two inches long; scales ovate lanceolate, acute, with
a hispid, setaceous point. Fertile spikes three to foiu-, cylindrical, pedun-
culate, the lower peduncle very long, scabrous, corolla ovate, attenuate into
a long, two-cleft beak; scale ovate, small, slightly emarginate, terminated
with a hispid, setaceous bristle (mucro) nearly as long as the corolla. Brac-
teal leaves all longer than the stem.

Grows in bogs and wet soils. Carolina, Dr. Schweinitz.

Flowers April — May.

42. Flexuosa.

C. spicis foemineis Fertile spikes gene-
i^ubquaternis, remotis, rally four, distant, fili-

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA,

551

filiformibus, pedunculis
cernuis; fructibus dis-
tantibus, alternis, ob-
longis, rostratis, bifi-
dis, squama ovata nju-
cronata, duplo longiori-
bus.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 297. Pursh, 1. p. 43.
C. Debilis, Mich. 2. p. 172.

form, peduncles nod-
ding; fruit distant, al-
ternate, oblong, beak-
ed, twocleft, twice as
long as the ovate rau-
cronate scale.

Nutt. 2. p. 205.

Stem about twelve inches high, slender, triquetrous, glabrous, with the
edges towards the summit slightly glabrous. Leaves linear, rather longer
than the stem, scabrous along the margins^ slightly channelled. Male spike
solitary, terminal, slender; scales lanceolate, rather obtuse; stamens three.
Female spikes four, remote, pendulous, with the base of the peduncles en-
closed, the lower peduncle four to six inches long, one half or more inclosed
the upper gradually shortening and the sheaths comparatively shorter;
scales lanceolate, rather obtuse; corolla ovate, striate, when old, somewhat
oblique, scarcely rostrate, nor are the flowers very distanU Stigmas three.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers April — May.

48. Digitalis. Willd.

C. spicis foemineis
subternis, remotis, fili-
formibus, pedunculatis,
cernuis; fructibus ellip-
ticis obtusis, squama
oblongo lanceolata
longioribus. *

Fertile spikes gene-
rally three, distant, fili-
form, pedunculate,
nodding; fruit elliptic,
obtuse, longer than the
oblong lanceolate

scale.

Pursh, 1. p. 44. Muhl. Gram. p. 255. Nutt. 2.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 298.
205.

Stem nearly twelve inches high, triquetrous, glabrous. Leaves rather
broad, acute, longer than the stem. Sterile spike linear, with lanceolate
scales. Fertile spikes two to three, pedunculate, erect, filiform, about ten-
flowered, flowers distant. Fruit elliptic, ventricose, compressed, triquetrous
very obtuse. Scales oblong lanceolate, shorter than the fruit. Bracteas
sheathing, broad, leaflike, longer than the stem. Willd.

This species which I have never seen, I add on the high authority of Dr
^hweinitz.

552

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Grows in bogs and wet meadows. Muhl.
Flowers May.

44. MiLlACEA.

C. spicis foemineis
tribus, filiformibus,
summa subsessili, reli-
quis pedunculatis; fruc-
tibus ovatis, triquetris,
breve rostratis, ore in-
tegris, squama oblonga
emarginata aristata
longioribus.

Fertile spikes three,
filiform, the upper
nearly sessile, the rest
pedunculate; fruit o-
vate, triquetrous, with
a short beak and en-
tire mouth, longer than
the oblong emarginate
awned scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 290.
205.

Pursh, 1. p. 44. Muhl. Gram. p. 257- Nutt. 2. p.

Stem slender, triquetrous, scabrous along the angles. Leaves linear,
acute, scabrous along the margins. Spikes slender, sterile, one terminal;
fertile two to three, the lower on a long peduncle, pendulous; the upper
sometimes sessile, when on peduncles pendulous also. Bracteal leaf to the
lower spike longer than the stem, to the upper small. Scales of the fertile
florets emarginate with a mucronate point. Corolla ovate, with only the
lateral nerves, the summit acute and nearly entire, longer than the scale.

Grows in wet meadows, Canada to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers —

45. FURCATA. E.

C. spicis foemineis
tribus, pedunculatis,
pendulis, cylindricis;
fructibus ovato-lanceo-
latis, rostratis, furca-
tis, squama subulata,
primum brevioribus
demum longioribus.

Fertile spikes three^
pedunculate, pendulous,
cylindrical; fruit ovate
lanceolate, beaked,
forked, at first shorter,
finally longer than the
subulate scale.

C. Pseudo Cyperus? Pursh, 1. p. 44. Walt. p.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

553

Stem about two feet high, thick, acutely triquetrous, very scabrous along
thp margins near the summit. Leaves longer than the stern, cliannelK d,
three to four lines wide, scabrous along the edges, the long braoteal leaves
scabrous also along the midrib, nerved, with small nodosities between the
nerves which become conspicuous as the leaf begins to wither. Male
S|iikes long, slender, scales linear lanceolate, acute. Female spikes gene-
rally three, pendulous, cylindrical, on peduncles generally increasincr in
length as they descend, inclosed at base by the amplexicaule bracteal Teaf.
Corolla ovate, rostrate, nerved, conspicuously forked with the divisions dis-
posed to become levolute. Scale small, with a long, subulate, serrulate
ponit, at first longer than the corolla, afterwards shorter. Sligtnas three.
Seed triquetrous.

There is to this species sometimes a fourth female spike somewhat remote-
tins when it occurs generally has the base of the peduncle inclosed. '
This species has usually been considered in the southern states at least, as
the C. Pseudo-Cyperus, but though nearly allied it does not agree entirely
with the character of that species: the summit is much more pointed and
divided than the figure in English Botany, J\o. 242, and it is, I think, un-
questionably indigenous.
Grows in deep swamps.
Flowers April.

46. Glaucesceivs. E.

C. spicis foemineis
3 — 4, cylindricis, pe-
dunculatis, clemum pen-
duiis; corollis ovatis,
compressis, enervibus,
glaucis, squamam e-
margiiiatam, mucrona-
tam subaequantibus;
foliis glaucescentibus.
E.

«m about two feet high, triquetrous, glabrous, the margins near the sura-
mit slightly roughened Leaves narrow, channelled, acutely serrulate, the
lower conspicuously glaucous, shorter than the stem. Sterile spike cylin-
drical, soil ary, pedunculate, scales ovate, emarginate, mucronate, fermd-
ZZ t ^ '""^"^ ^''?- ^'''^' 'P'^'' °" «'^"^'^'- Peduncles one \o
tut Zfr "?' "f 'T^^'"'' ^'>"-'"' ^^^°"""g pendulous as che fruit ma-
Tir r 1; '*''P^^ ^"^.\^?'"ate, mucronate, ferruoinous with the mid-
rib green. Corolla ovate, with a very short two-cleft mouth, very glaucous.

bade"nfTh/''P''"^.' ' T ^T""^ ""^^ "^^''^^'"'^*' '""^h lon/er'than the
blade of the scales and nearly as long as the mucronate point. Seed trique-

Fertile spikes 3 — 4,
cylindrical, peduncu-
late, finally pendulous:
corolla ovate, compres-
sed, nerved, indistinct,
glaucous, as long as the
emarginate, mucronate
scale; leaves somewhat
glaucous.

VOL. II.

A 4

554

MONOJECIA TRIANDRIA.

Grows around pine barren ponds.
Flowers April — May.

**^* Spicis sexu
distinctis; masculis
plurihus,

47. Pellita.

C. spicis masculis
geminis, foemineis ge-
minis cylindraceis,
erectis, retnotis, supe-
riore sessili; fructibus
ovatis, bifidis, pilosis,
squama oblonga aris-
tata brevioribus.

^**^ Spikes dis'
tinct; sterile spikes nu'

merous.

Sterile spikes two;
fertile two, cylindrical,
erect, remote, the up-
per sessile; fruit ovate,
two-cleft, hairy, shorter
than the oblong awned
scale.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 302. Pursh, 1. p. 44. Muhl. Gram. p. 258. Nutt. 2. p.
205.

C. Striata? Mich. 2. p. 174.

Stem eighteen to twenty-four inches high, triquetrous. Leaves linear,
long, scabrous along the margins. Sterile spikes two to four, the upper pe-
dunculate, the lower sessile, scale ovate, obtuse, ferruginous with a darker
midrib. Fertile spikes two to three, the upper sessile, the lower on pedun-
cles, erect; scales lanceolate, mucronate. Corolla ovate, very hispid, acu-
minate, the point short, two-cleft.

Grows in damp woods, Pursh. In Carolina, Mich.

Flowers —

48. RiPARIA.

C. spicis masculis
quaternis; foemineis
tribus, erectis, pedun-
culatis, apice masculis;
fructibus ovato-oblon-
gis, nervosis, bifurca-
tis, squama mucronata
paulo brevioribujs. E.

Sterile spikes four;
fertile three, erect, on
peduncles, bearing ste-
rile flowers at the sum-
mit; fruit ovate ob-
long, nerved, 2-forked,
a little shorter than the
mucronate scale.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

655

Sp. pi. 4. p. 306. Muhl. Gram. p. 259.

Stem about two feet high, triquetrous, smooth, scabrous on the edges to-
wards the summit. Leaves longer than the stem, strap-shaped, the lower
forming short sheaths at base, the upper nearly amplexicaule, scabrous along
the margin. Spikes dioecious and androgynous. Male spikes generally
four, each about two inches long; scales tapering to an acute point, chaffy,
scarious. Androg; spikes two to three inches long, erect, on moderately
long peduncles, the lower one enclosed at base in a short sheath, the two
upper merely enveloped. Scale ovate, tapering to an acute point, at first
shorter than the corolla, when mature rather exceeding it in length. Co-
rolla ovate, slightly acuminate, nerved but not very conspicuously, two-cleft
at the summit. Stigmas three, long, glandular. Seed triquetrous.

Grows in the fresh marshes and rice field ditches. Ogeechee.

Flowers March — April.

49. Verrucosa. Muhl.?

C. spicis masculis
tribus, foemineis pluri-
mis (4 — 6), erectis, cy-
lindraceis, apice mas-
culis; corollis compres-
sis, ovatis, brevissime
bifidis, squama ovala,
subemarginata, mucro-
nata brevioribus. E.

Sterile spikes three,
fertile numerous. (4 —
6), erect, cylindrical,
bearing sterile flowers
at the summit; corolla
compressed, ovate,
slightly two-cleft, shor-
ter than the ovate,
somewhat emarginate,
mucronate scale.

Muhl. Gram. p. 261.

Stem two to three feet high, triquetrous, glabrous. Leaves very long
acute, nerved, somewhat glaucous, sheathing the base of the stem. Sterile
spikes generally three, the terminal one two to three inches long, cylindrical
very obtuse, scale ovate mucronate, dark brown; fertile spikes three to six
two to three inches long, all terminated with sterile flowers. Lower pedun-
cle about one and a half inches long, sheathed at base; the upper shorter,
riearly surrounded by the long bracteal leaves. Scale ovate, obtuse, some-
times emarginate, mucronate, dark brown. Corolla ovate, obscurely nerv-
ed, glaucous, with a very short, slightly cleft mouth, about as long as the
scale exclusive of the mucronate point. Seed triquetrous.

Collected many years ago along the road between Stone and Combahee
r erry; probably at the latter place.

Flowers April.

556

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sterile spikes three;
fertile two, cylindrical,
pedunculate, erect;
fruit ovate, globose,
beaked, two-forked,
(the beaks his} id,) lar-
ger than the lanceolate
scale.

50. BULLATA?

C. spicis masculis
tribus, foemineis binis,
cylindraceis, peduncu-
latis, erectis; fructibus
ovato-globosis, rostra-
tis, bifurcatis, rostris
hispidis, squama lance-
olata majoribus.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 309. Pursh, 1. p. 45. Nutt. 2. p. 295.

Stem about two feet high, slender, acutely triquetrous, slightly scabrous
on the margins. Lear fs narrow, longer than the stem, somewhat channel-
led, scabrous along the edges, with a very short sheath at base. Male
spikes frequently but two, slender, scales lanceolate, rather ohtuse, the sum-
mit and margins membranaceous. Female spikes two, a little distant,
erect, cylindrical, on sliort peduncles merely enveloped at base. Scales
lanceolate, acute. Corolla ovate, almost globular at base with an attenu-
ated two-cleft beak, nerved, the nerves pubescent near the summit. Stig-
mas three. 5eerf triquetrous. _ . , . . ^ wiu

This plant differs but not materially from the description of Willdenow.
I have had no opportunity of comparing specimens.

Grows in bay galls and ditches. Near Beverly, Chatham county, Geo.

Flowers April.

SCLERIA. Gen. Pl. 1408.

gluma --,

3Iasculi Calicis

2, s. 6 valvis,
inultiflora. Corollce
glumae muticae.

Foeminei — Calicis
gluma 2, s. 6 valvis,
uniflora. Corolla 0.
Stigmata 1 — 3. Nux
colorata subglobosa.

Sterile florets — Ca-
lyx 2, or 6 valved,
many flowered. Valves
of the corolla unawned.

Fertile florets — C '«-
lyx 2, or 6 valved, 1-
flowered. Corolla 0.
Stigmas 1 — 3. Nut
generally globular.

^ Nuce loevi.

* Nut smooth.

mdnoecia triandria.
1. Oligantha?

657

S. culmo gracilis tri-
quetro, glabio; foliis
angustis, nervosis, sca-
briiisculis; spicis 2 — 3
suDteiaiiiialibus sessi-
libiis, 1? lateral!, remo-
ta, Jonge pedunciilata;
iiuce iiitidissima. E.

Stem slender, trique-
trous, glabrous; leaves
iiarrow, nerved, slight-
ly scabrous; spikes 2
— 3 near the summit
of the stem, sessile, one
lateral remote, on a
long peduncle; nut ve-
ry smooth and polish-
ed.

Mich. 2. p. 167?

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, slender, triquetrous, nerved, a little
scabrous along the margins and slightly pubescent near the summit. Leaves
hnear, nerved, acute, slightly scabrous on ihe upper surface, a little pubes-
cent near the base and on the sheath, shorter than the stem. Flowers in
sra dl fascicles or spikes, two sometimes three, sessile near the summit, one
on a lon2f peduncle (two to three inches) near the middle of the stem, each
contaming one tertde and two to three? sterile florets at its base. Bracteal
leaves resembling those of the stem, the two upper ones much longer than
the spikes, the lower sheathing the base of the peduncle. Scales of the
sterile florets ovate, acute, very slightly pubescent; of the fertile longer
very acute, glabrous. Seed one, white, very smooth, and polished. '

It appears to me probable that this species is the S. Oligantha of Michaux
for the upper spikes are distinct, which in S. Pauciflora are fasciculate. His
silence respecting the seed must, however, leave this uncertain, unless his
own herbarium can resolve the doubt. This, however, is not tlie S. Pauci-
flora of Pursh, nor S. No. 4, of Mulil. Gram. p. 268, under which a refer-
ence is made to S. Oligantha, Mich, as both of those plants have rugose seeds

Grows in wet pastures and pine barrens. St. John's, Dr. Trescott.

Flowers May.

2. Gracilis. E.

S. culmo filiformi,
triquetro, foliisque gla-
bris; spiculis paucis,
paucifloris, fasciculatis,
subterminalibus; glu-
mis glabris; nuce laevi,
nitido. E.

Stem filiform, trique-
trous, and with the
leaves glabrous; spikes
few, few flowered, fas-
ciculate, nearly termi-
nal; glumes glabrous;
nut smooth, pohshed.

558

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Plant about a foot high, very slender, and in my specimens entirely
smooth. Leaves linear, very narrow, shorter than the stem. Bracteal leaf
resembling those of the root, theee to four inches long. Spikes two or three,
clustered together at the summit of the stem, each bearing one fertile floret.
Scales ovate lanceolate, slightly mucronate, ferruginous, glabrous. Nut
white, showing in some specimens slight longitudinal ribs.

Collected by Dr. Baldwin near St. Mary's, Georgia.

Flowers —

3. Triglo3ierata? Mich.

S. caule triquetro,
scabrato; foliis lanceo-
lato-linearibus, canali-
culatis, scabriusculis
parce pilosis; spicis la-
teralibus terminalibus-
qiie fasciculatis; glumis
ciliatis; mice laevi. E.

Stem acutely trique-
trous, rough; leaves
lanceolate linear, chan-
nelled, somewhat
rough, a little hairy;
spikes lateral and ter-
minal, fasciculate;
glumes fringed; nut
smooth.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 319.
205.

Mich. 2. p. 168. Muhl. Gram. p. 260. Nutt. 2. p.

Stem about two feet high, very acutely triquetrous, striate, scabrous, and
a little hairy near the summit. Leaves about twelve inches long, three to
four lines wide, somewhat scabrous, hairy along the angles, sheathing the
stem at base. Flowers generally in one terminal and one lateral cluster
each composed of three or four aggregated spikes, the lateral cluster usu-
ally pendulous. Bracteal leaves much longer than the spikes, pendulous.
Calyx of both florets three-valved, valves ovate, carinate, mucronate, some-
what unequal, conspicuously fringed. Female florets two or three in each
spike. Style one. Stigmas three. Seed white, polished, showing some
slight inequalities on its surface.

This is the most common of our species. I have always doubted whether
it is the S. Triglomerata of Michaux; but it agrees better with that than with
any other of his species. It is not the S. Triglomerata of Pursh.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers April — October.

** Nuce corrugato* \ ** Nut lorinklecL

4. Pauciflora. Muhl.

5. caule triquetro, | Stem triquetrous and

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

foliisque linearibus gla-
bris; spicis iateralibus
terminalibusque pauci-
floris, Iateralibus pen-
dulis, terminalibus ag-
gregatis; glumis gla-
bris; nucibus
ratis. E.

/

559

exaspe-

with the linear leaves
glabrous; spikes lateral
and terminal, few flow-
ered, the lateral pendu-
lous, the terminal clus-
tered; glumes glabrous;
seed roughened.

^^Sp. pi. 4. p. 318. Pursh, 1. p. 46. Muhl. Gram. p. 267. Nutt. 2. p.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, slender, acutely triquetrous, glabrous.
Leaves hne^T glabrous shorter than the stem, scabrous along the margin
sheathmg at base. Spkes lateral and terminal, the lateral commonTy tw";
on long slender, pendulous peduncles, the lowest frequently bearing onlv
sterile florets Bracteal leaves slightly fringed, longer than the fpiS

?^Z' ^l '^^ ^r'' ""T-' ''"""^'' '^'^^'^y «<^»™^ate, glabrous, ferrul
fpvTpH ^'.7^«*;hree. Sttgmas three. JV^i globular, 'roughened with
elevated pomts and transverse irregular lines, mucronate at the summit.

I have a variety from Florida in which the stem appears more rigid and
the nut not so conspicuously roughened. ^ '

Grows in damp pastures and pine barrens.

Flowers Mayj probably through the whole summer.

5. CiLiATA. Mich.

S. caule erecto, nu-
diusculo, glabro; foliis
linearibus, canalicula-
tis, supra pubescenti-
bus; spicis terminali-
bus fasciculatis; brac-
teis glumisque ciliatis;
nucibus exasperatis.

Mich. 2. p. 167. Sp.pl. 4. p. 318. Pursh, l.p.46.

oJJTJI^ *''. *7 u '* u'^^' r'^' ^^"^'•«"^' «"d in my specimens having
ha ?v on h7. ^"^ '^'f '"^ t^''- ^^°^'^^ linear, channelled, a littlf
m^chh?n.^J .^PP''.'^''^''- ^^'^'' ^"™'"^'' ^'"ster^d. Bracteal leaves
much longer than the spikes, conspicuously fringed. Glumes ovate, acumi-

Stem erect, nearly
naked, glabrous; leaves
linear, channelled, pu-
bescent on the upper
surface; spikes termi-
nal, clustered; bracteas
and glumes cihate;
seeds roughened.

660

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

nate, unequal, ferruginous, the exterior slightly fringed. Nut globular^
roughened with small tubercles, very slightly mucronate.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers May — June.

6. HiRTELLA. Mich.

S. caule erecto, gra-
cilis foliisque bracteis-
que hirsutulis; spicis
termiiialibus, axillaii-
busque; glumis pubes-
centibus; nucibus

transversim corruga-
tis. E.

Mich.

Stem erect, slender,
and with the leaves and
bracteas slightly hir-
sute; spikes terminal
and axillary; glumes
pubescent; seed trans-
versely wrinkled.

205.

2. p. 168. Sp. pi. 4. p. 318. Pursh, 1. p. 46. Nutt. 2. p.

Stem about eighteen inches high, triquetrous, hairy, particularly along the
margins. Leaves narrow, channelled, shorter than the stem, hairy. Spikes
two to three, near the summits of the stem, distinct, not fasciculated, with
sometimes a small axillary spike near the base of the stem. Bracteal leaves
much longer than the spikes, hairy and conspicuously fringed. Glumes
ovate, acuminate, unequal, pubescent. Nuts globular, roughened chiefly by
irregular transverse elevated lines.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers in {he summer.

Var. Strigosa.

Under this head I will place a plant nearly allied in its characters, but
less hairy excepting along the angles of the stem and the margins and midrib
of the leaves, its spikes also are larger and more numerous, its glumes fring-
ed, of a light chestnut colour, and the nut rather roughened by distinct tuber-
cles than by transverse lines.

Collected by Dr. Baldwin on the confines of Georgia and Florida; per-
haps a distinct species.

7. Reticulata. Mich.

S. culmo foliisque Stem and leaves

glabris; vaginis alatis; glabrous; sheaths wing-

spicis sparsis axillari- ed; spikes scattered,

bus termiualibusque; axillary and terminal;

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

561

glumis bracteisque gla-
bris; nuce reticulato,
foveolis conspeiso. E.

glumes and bracteas
glabrous; seed reticu-
late, dotted.

Mich. 2. p. 167. Sp. pi. 4. p. 314. Pursli, 1. p. 45. Muhl. Gram. p.
266. Nutt. 2. p. 205.

Stem one to two feet high, glabrous, acutely triquetrous. Leaves shorter
than the stem, narrow, glabrous, sheathing at base; the sheaths winged.
Spikes numerous, axillary and terminal on long peduncles, racemose, some-
times somewhat paniculate, slender, the terminal ones nearly naked. Ghnnes
lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Stamens two? Seed globose, rugose, rather
with impressions than elevations.

Grows in damp pastures.

Flowers July — August.

8. Verticillata. Muhl.

S. culmo simplicissi-
mo, triquetro foliisque
glabris; spica glomera-
ta, nuda, glomerulis al-
ternis, distantibus; glu-
mis glabris; nucibus
globosis, mucronatis,
transversim
verrucosis.

rugoso-

Stem simple, trique-
trous, and with the
leaves glabrous; spike
clustered, naked, the
clusters alternate, dis-
tant; glumes glabrous;
seed globose, mucro-
nate, transversely wrin-
kled.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 317. Pursh, l.p. 45. Muhl. Gram. p. 266.

Stem about a foot high, very slender, triquetrous, glabrous. Leaves fili-
form, shorter than the stem, glabrous, sheathing, with a few hairs sprinkled
along the sheath. Flowers in distinct sessile clusters towards the summit of
the stem. Spikes and flowers both small. Bracteal leaves scarcely longer
than the spikes. Glume ovate, acuminate. Keel glabrous. Nut globose,
small, tuberculate, distinctly mucronate.

Grows in damp soils.

Flowers July — August.

9. Interrupta.

S. culmo simphcissi- Stem simple, trique-
mo, triquetro, foliisque trous, and with the

VOL. II.

b4

562

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

pubescent! bus; spica
glomerata, nuda, glo-
luerulis alternis, dis-
tantibus; glumis seto-

sis; nucibus

globosis.

mucronatis, transver-
siai rugoso-verrucosis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 317. Mich. 2. p. 168

This species I have not seen, but the description of Michaux evidently'
applies here.

Grows in damp meadows from Carolina to Florida.
Flowers —

leaves pubescent; spike
clustered, naked, the
clusters alternate, dis-
tant, glumes bristly;
seed globose, mucro-
nate, transversely

wrinkled.

Pursh, ] . p. 45.

COMPTONIA. Gen. Pl. 1764.

Masculi — Amentum,
Calyx squama. Co-
roUa dipetala. Fila-
mcnta bifurca.

Focmiiiei — Ament-
um, Calyx squama.
Corolla hexapetala.
Styli 2. Nux ovata.

1. ASPLENIFOLIA.

Sterile Jlorets — A--
ment. Calyx a scale.
Corolla 2-pptalled.
Filaments forked.

Fertile Jlorets — A-
ment. Calyx a scale.
Corolla 6-petalled.
Styles 2. Nut ovate.

Sp.pl. 4. p. 320. Mich. 2. p. 203. Pursh, 2. p. 635. Nutt. 2. p. 206.

A small shrub two to four feet high. Leaves long, linear-lanceolate, al-
ternate, sessile, irregularly pinnatifid after the manner of a fern, lobes ob-
tuse. Flowers in oval, sessile, axillary spikes (aments.) Of the sterile
florets, calyx reniforni, acuminate, one-flowered; corolla and filaments shor-
ter than the calyx; filaments three, divided; anthers six. Of the fertile
florets, corolla six-leaved, much longer than the calyx. Nut oval, without
valves.

The whole plant when bruised is aromatic.

In specimens which I have from Pennsylvania the stem and leaves are
slightly pubescent, and the lobes of the leaves somewhat remote. In speci-
mens from the mountains of Carolina, the leaves on the upper surface are
more or less hairy, on the under surface tomentose, the lobes nearly orbicu-
lar, overlaying one another; the branches tomentose. The scales so deeplj^
frhiged as to make the yoimg aments almost resemble a ball of hair.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.
Flowers April.

563

TRAGIA. Gen. Pl. 1410.

Mas cull — Calyx 3-
partitus. Corolla 0.

Foeminei — Calyx 5-
partitus. Corolla 0.
Stylus 3-fidus. C«/?-
sula 3-cocca, 3-locula-
ris. Semina solitaria.

Slorile jioreis — Ca-
lyx 3-parted. Corol-
la 0.

Fertile Jlorets — Ca-
lyx 5-parted. Corolla
0. Style 3-cIeft. Cap"
side 3- seeded, 3-ceiled.
Seed solitary.

1. LlNEARIFOLlA.

T. caule suberecto, [ Stem generally e-
subramosOj pubescente; rect, sparingly branch-
foliis linearibus, p'.ibe- ed, pubescent;

scentibus; spiels longi-
oribus, E.

linear,
spikes long.

leaves
pubescent;

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, pubescent, almost tomentose.
Leaves alternate, sessile, one to two inches long, linear, pubescent, in my
specimens entire. Spikes axillary, numerous near the summit of the stem,
longer generally than in our other species of Tragia. Sterile florets very
small. Capsules hirsute.

I am not certain whether this plant is the T. Urens var. Linearis of Mich,
it appears to me, however, to be very distinct from that species.

Grows in the southern districts of Georgia.

Flowers —

2. Urens. Lin.

T. foliis lanceolatis, Leaves lanceolate,
sessilibus, obtusis, api- sessile, obtuse, slightly
ce subdentatis; caule toothed near the suni-
erecto, ramoso pubes- j mit; stem erect, bran-
centibus. | ching, pubescent.

564

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 325. Walt. p. 229. Mich. 2. p. 175. Pursh, 2. p. 604-
Nutt. 2. p. 206.

T. Innocua, Walt. p. 229.

Stem about twelve inches high, branching, villous. Leaves alternate,
sessile, lanceolate, dentate, pubescent, somewhat hoary underneath. Flow-
ers in small spikes generally terminal. Of the sterile floret, calyx four-
parted, the segments lanceolate, pubescent; filaments two to four, short,
thick; anthers two to four, united by pairs. Fertile floret on a short pedun-
cle, calyx six-parted, the segments small; corolla none. Sti/le very short.
Stigma three-cleft. Capsule hispid, composed of three united, globular^,
two-valved cells each one-seeded. Seed spherical.

Varies with leaves oval, or more or less lanceolate.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers May — August.

3. Urticifolia. Mich.

T. foliis cordatis,
ovalis, senatis; caule
erecto, hirsutissimo.

Leaves cordate, o-
vate, serrate; stem e-
rect, very hirsute.

Mich. 2. p. 176. Sp. pi. 4. p. 324. Pursh, 2. p. 604. Nutt. 2. p. 206.
T. Mercurialis, Walt. p. 229.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, erect, very hirsute. Leaves alter-
nate, on short petioles, cordate ovate, deeply serrate, very hirsute particularly
along the veins. Spikes opposite the leaves. Sterile florets numerous to-
wards the summit. Fertile on short peduncles near the base of each spike.
Capsules very hirsute.

Grows in dry soils. Common in the middle country of Carolina anA
Georgia.

Flowers May — August.

ERIOCAULON. Gen. Pl. 132.

Flares in capitulo Flowers collected in

a terminal head.

terminali aggregati,

Masculi in disco.
Calyx squama. Co-
rolla 4-partita, laciniis
duabus interioribus fe-
re ad summitatem co-

Ster He florets in the
disk. Calyx a scale.
Corolla 4-parted, the
two interior segments
cohering almost to the

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

665

haerentilnis. Stamina
4—6?

Foeminei in peri-
phaerio. Calyx squa-
ma. Corolla 4-parti-
ta. Stiflus 1. Stigma'
ta, 2 — 3. Capsula 2 —
3-loba, 2 — 3 locularis;
loculis monospermis.

summit. Stamens 4 —
6?

Fertile fiorets in the
circumference. Calyx
a scale. Corolla ■ 4~
parted. Style 1. Stig-
mas 2 — 3. Capsule
2—3 lobed, 2—3 cell-
ed, cells one-seeded.

1. Decanqulare.

E. scapo decemstri-
ato; foliis ensiformi-
bus, glabris; capiiulo
magno, depresso-glo-
boso; squamis involu-
cri ovalibus, acutis, pa-
leis receptaculi mucro-
natis.

Scape 10-furrowed;
leaves ensiform, gla-
brous; head large,
spherical, depressed;
scales of the involu-
crum oval, acute, of
the receptacle mucro-
nate.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 485. Mich. 1. p. l65. Pursli, 1. p. 91. Nutt. 1. p. 90.
E. Serotinum, Walt. p. 83.

Root perennial. Leaves strap-shaped, very narrow, acute, glabrous,
showing no distinct midrib, ten to fifteen inches long. Scape two to three
feet long, terete, glabrous, ten to twelve furrowed, sheathed near the base.
Scales of the involucrum ovate, closely appressed, rather acute; scales of
the disk longer than the florets, ovate, very acute. Corolla very white,
deeply two? parted, fimbriate at the summit.

Grows in wet soils. St. Thomas, Mr. Caradeux.

Flowers July — August.

2. Gnaphalodes. Mich.

E. scapo subcom-
presso, decemstriato;
foliis brevibus, subula-

Scape somewhat
compressed, 10-furrow-
ed; leaves short, subu-

to-ensiformibus, gla- late-ensiform,gIabrous;

bris; cupitnlo convexo;

head convex: scales of

66&

MONOECIA TfttAT^DRIA.

involucri scjuamis oval-
ibus, obtusis, scariosis,
argenteo-lucidis.

the iavoUicrum ova!,
obtuse, scarious, silve-
ry.

Mich. 2. p. 165. Pursh, 1. p. 91. Nutt. 1. p. 90.
E. Decanqulare, Walt. p. 83.

Perennial, Leaves eight to ten inches long, smooth, very glabious,
somewhat lucid, nerveless. Scape ten to fourteen inches high, furrowed, as
in all of the genus somewhat spiral, sheathed at base. Flowers in a very
compact head. Scales of the involucrum ovate, scarions, lucid, when young
villous.

On comparing the description of Michaux with a specimen now before
me, it would seem that two species were now united under this name.

Grows in damp, poor soils — common around pine barren ponds.

Flowers May — August.

3. ViLLOsuM. Mich.

E. scapis aggrega-
tis, compressis, sub
quadrisulcis. villosis;
foliis brevibus, subula-
to Hnearibus, pilosis;
capitulo sphaeroideo
parvo; flosculis subfu-
liginosis.

Scapes numerous,
compressed, generally
four furrowed, villous;
leaves short, subulate
linear, hairy; head
small, spherical; florets
dusky.

Mich. 2. p. 166. Pursh, 1. p. 92. Nutt. 1. p. 90.
E. Anceps, WaU. p. 83.

Perennial. Leaves two to three inches long, subulate, hairy, but not as
villous as the scape or sheath. Scape about twelve inches long, slender,
villous, furrowed, several from each root. Head small, globose. Scales
ovate, acute, dark coloured. Corolla nearly black, the fimbriae at the sum-
mit white. Stigmas two.

Grows in damp, poor soils.

Flowers — May to September.

4. Flavidulum. Mich.

E. scapis aggregatis,
subseptem striatis,

subpubescentibus; foiiis

Scapes numerous, ge-
nerally seven-furrowed,
somewhat pubescent;

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

667

brevibus, subiilato-ehsi-
foTMiibus, nervosis; ca-
pitulo convexo; squa-
mis irivoiucri suboibi-
culatis.

leaves short, subulate-
ensiform, nerved; head
convex; scales of the
involiicrum nearly or-
bicular.

Mich. 2. p. 166. Pursh, 1. p. 92. Nutt. 1. p. 90.

Perennial. Leaves one to two inches long, subulate, nerved, somewhat
pellucid, sprinkled with a few hairs, and showing very distinctly between
the nerves the numerous transverse partitions which are common in this ge-
nus. Scape three to four inches high, furrowed, nearly glabrous. Scales
of ihe involucrum thin, scarious, nearly orbiculate; of the disk linear-lance-
oldw. Style one. Stigmas two. Capsules two, united, (didymous.)

'••ows in inundated soils. Pursh. In Carolina. Mich. Pursh. I havt;
floi !iiPt with this species in the low country of Caifolina.

Flowers —

ALNUS. Willd.

31%sculi amentum re-
eepiaculis cuneifornii-
bus, iruncatis, trifloiis
compositum. Calyx
squama. Corolla qua-
dripartita.

Foeminei amentum,
Calycis squamae biflo-
rae. Corolla 0. Semi-
na compressa, ovata,
nuda.

1. Serrulata. Alton.

A. foHis obovatis,
acuminatis, venis et ax-
illis venarum subtus
pilosis; stipulis ellipti-
eis, obtusis.

Sterile florets. A-
ment, with the recepta-
cles cuneiform, trun-
cate, 3-flowered, com-
pound. Calyx a scale.
Corolla 4-parted.

Fertile florets. A-
mentum. Scales of the
calyx 2-flowered. ( o-
rolla 0. Seed compres-
sed, ovate, naked.

Leaves obovate, a-
cuminate, with the
veins and axils of the
veins on the under sur-
face hairy; stipules el-
liptic, obtuse.

668

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 336. Pursh, 2. p. 623. Nutt. 2. p. 206. Mich. art. for.
3. p. 320. »

Betula Serrulata, Mich. 2. p. 181.

A shrub eight to twelve inches high, with many crooked, rather rigid
branches. Leaves alternate, obovate, or ovate, at the summit slightly acu-
minate, doubly serrulate, nearly glabrous on the upper surface, strongly
veined and pubescent underneath. Stipules oval or ovate, generally obtuse,
Sterile flowers in a long pendulous ament. Fertile in an ovate cone near
the base of the sterile. Styles two? Seed compressed.

Grows along the margin of water courses, very common.

Flowers during the winter while destitute of leaves.

BOEHMERIA. Gen. Pl. 1421.

Masculi Calyx 4-
partitus. Corolla 0.
Nectarium 0.

Foeminei Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Stylus 1.
Semen 1.

1. Cylindrica. Lin.

B. foliis oppositis,
ovato-obiongis, aciimi-
natis, dentatis, glabris;
floribus dioicis; spicis
masculis glomeratis, in-
terruptis, foemineis cy-
lindricis; caule herba-
ceo.

Sterile fiorets. Ca^
lyx 4-parted. Corolla
0. Nectary 0.

Fertile jiorets. Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla 0,
Style 1, Seed 1.

Leaves opposite, o-
vate-oblong,aciuiiinale,
toothed, glabrous; flow-
ers dioecious; sterile
spikes clustered, inter-
rupted, fertile spikes
cylindrical; stem her-
baceous.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 340. Pursh, 1. p. 112. Nutt. 2. p. 207.

Urtica Cylindrica, Walt. p. 230. Mich. 2. p. 179-

Stem two to four feet high, obtusely four-angled, glabrous, heaves ovate,
lanceolate, acuminate, three-nerved, on petioles. Stipules subulate, cadu-
cous. Flowers dioecious, the sterile in distinct clusters on a moderately
long spike, the fertile forming a compact cylindrical spike one to two inches
long.

Grows in shaded wet soils.

Flowers — June to August.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

569

2. Lateriflora. Muhl. ♦

B. foliis alternis, o-
vato-Ianceolatis, acii-
minatis, senatis, sca-
bris;floribiisglomeratis,
lateralibus; caule lier-
baceo.

Leaves alternate, o-
vate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, serrate, scabrous;
flowers lateral, cluster-
ed: stem herbaceous.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 342. Pursh, l.p. 112. Nutt. 2. p. 207.

Stem herbaceous, somewhat four-angled, glabrous, with the branches op-
posite. Leaves alternate, one and a half to two inches long, ovate-lanceo-
late, conspicuously acuminate, triplinerved, veiny, coarsely serrate, scabrous
on both surfaces, but particularly on the upper, on long petioles. Clusters
alternate lateral and axillary, few flowered. Willd.

This species I have not noticed in tlie low country. Dr. Muhlenberg
mentions it as a native of Carolina.

Flowers — July to August.

URTICA. Gen. Pl. 1422.

Masculi. Calyx 4-
phyllus. ( 'orolla 0. Nee-
tarium centrale, cya-
thiforme.

Foeminei. Calyx 2-
valvis. Corolla 0. Se-
men 1, nitidum.

1. PUMILA. L.

U. foliis oppositis, o-
vatis, acuminatis, tri-
nerviis, serratis; petio-
lis inferior ib us longi-
tudinefolii; floribus mo-
noicis, triandris, capi-
tato-corymbosis, petio-
lo brevioribus.

Sterile Jlorets* Ca-
lyx 4-leaved. Corolla
0. Nectary central, cy-
athiform.

Fertile Jlorets, Ca-
lyx 2 ~ va 1 ve d. Corolla 0.
Seed 1, shining.

Leaves opposite, o-
vate, acuminate, three-
nerved, serrate; the
lower petioles as long as
the leaves; flowers mo-
noecious, triandrous, in
clustered corymbs,

shorter than the petiole.

VOL. II.

c4

670

iMONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 348. Walt. p. 230. Mich. 2. p. 178. Pursli, l. p. 112,
Nutt 2. p. 208.

Stem generally erect, about twelve inches high, obtusely four-angled, car-
nose, lucid, glabrous, branching sometimes from the base. Leaver oppo-
site, decussate, lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely serrate, three-nerved, sprinkled
with hairs on the upper surface, petioles very long, the lotfer longer than
the leaves. Flowers in corymbose panicles, much shorter than the petioles,
sometimes recurved. Sterile and fertile florets sometimes intermingled,
sometimes one half of the panicle will be exclusively fertile the other sterile.
Calyx of the sterile flower, four-leaved, leaves lanceolete. Stamens twice as
long as the calyx, expanding as in all the species of this genus which I have
examined, elastically. Of the fertile floret calyx 3? leaved, persistent.
Style 0. Stigma sessile. Seed compressed, ovate, glabrous.

I have never been able to discover a nectary in the sterile florets of this
species.

Grows in shaded wet soils.

Flowers July — September.

2. Urens. L.

U. foliis oppositis, el-
lipticis subquinquener-
vibus, argute sen alls;
spicis glomeratis, gemi-
natis.

Leaves opposite, ellip-
tic, somewhat 5-nerved,
acutely serrate; spikes
by pairs; flowers clus-
tered.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 352. Pursh, 1. p. 113. Nutt. 2. p. 208.

Stem about twelve to fourteen inches high, obtusely four-angled, hairy,
somewhat hispid, branching. Leaves opposite, cordate ovate, rugose, hairy,
coarsely toothed, three-nerved, with the exterior nerves divided, sprinkled
besides the hairs with white prickles. Petioles nearly an inch long. Flow-
ers in axillary racemes, two in each axil, shorter than the petiole. Sterile
and fertile florets intermingled. Of the sterile floret calyx four-leaved,
leaves hairy, obtuse; filaments longer than the calyx, expanding elastically
and discharging elastically the pollen; nectarium cyathiform; of the fertile
floret calyx two-leaved, persistent, seed compressed.

Grows in damp soils, common around Beaufort; St. Mary's, Georgia.

Flowers December to February.

3. Cham(edroides. Pursh.

U. foliis oppositis, sub- Leaves opposite, uear-
sessilibus,ovatis,serra- ly sessile, ovate, serrate,
tisjsubtus strigosis; glo- j strigose underneath;

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

571

meriilis axillaribiis, ses-
silibus subglobosis, re-
flexis; caule stimiiloso.

k

Pursh, 1. p. 112. Nult. 2. p.

cluster of flowers axil-
lary, sessile, somewhat
globose, reflexed; pric-
kles stimuhint.

203.

Stem nearly simple, glabrous, four to six inches high. Leaves ovate, on
short petiols, hairy underneath, sprinkled with a few hairs and white
prickles on the upper surface, small, and for their size coarsely toothed.
F/oi/,Tr5 in compact axillary clusters scarcely longer than the petioles, the
upper florets fertile, the lower sterile. Calyx of both florets hairy.

Collected on St. Simons, Georgia, by Mr. Lyon.

Flowers February to March.

4. DioicA.

U. foliis oppositisjcor-
datis, ovato-lanceolatis,
grosse serratis; floribus
dioicis; spicis panicula-
tis, glomeratisjgemiiia-
tis, petiolo longioribus.

Leaves opposite, cor-
date, ovate lanceolate,
coarsely serrate; flow-
ers dioecious; spikes
paniculate, by pairs,
longer than the petiole;
flowers clustered.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 352. Mich. 2. p. 179- Pursh, 2. p. 113. Nutt. 2. p. 208.

Stem branching and with the leaves and whole plant very hispid. Leaves
cordate, ovate, slightly acuminate; acutely and deeply serrate, nerved, on
petioles one to one and a half inches long. Flowers dioecious, (more fre-
quently monoecious, Mich.) in clustered panicles, two from ea ch axil.

In this species and in U. Urens the calyx of the fertile floret is four-leav-
ed, two leaflets ovate cordate, two others opposite, very small. Leers in
Sp. pi. 1. c.

Grows along roads and in waste places, from Canada to Carolina, Pursh.
I have not seen this species in the low country.

Flowers June — August.

5. Procera. 3Iuhl.

U. foliis oppositis, o-
vato lanceolatis, serra-
tis; petiolis ciliatis; flo-

Leaves opposite, o-
vate-lanceolate, ser-
rate; petioles fringed;

Oil

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

ribus dioicis; spicis sub- flowers dioecious; spikes
ramosis, glomeratis, branching, clustered, by
geminatis, petiole lon-
gioribus. E.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 353. Pursh, 1. p. 113.
U. Filiformis? Walt. p. 230.

pairs,
petioles.

Nutt. 2. p. 208.

longer than the

Stem three to four feet high, obtusely four-angled, pubescent, heaves op-
posite, ovate lanceolate, sometimes obtuse, sometimes slightly acuminate,
acutely serrate, strongly nerved and veined, sprinkled with hairs on the upper
surface, very pubescent underneath along the veins. Petioles one to two
inches long, pubescent and ciliate. Flowers in compact approximate clus-
ters, on branching spikes. 5^«A;es two from each axil, in all of my speci-
mens longer than the petioles, sometimes nearly as long as the leaf. Calyx
somewhat hairy.

In specimens of this plant which I received from Dr. Muhlenberg him-
self, and in others sent me from our upper country, the leaves are never cor-'
date, and the spikes uniformly longer than the petiole.

Grows in wet soils in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers July — August.

6. Capitata.

U. foliis alternis, cor-
dato ovatis, acumina-
tisjserralis, trinervibus,
petiolo duplo longiori-
bus, glomerulis spicatis
spicis solitariis folio
brevioribus, superne fo-
liosis, caule nudo.

Leaves alternate, cor-
date ovate, acuminate,
serrate, three-nerved,
twice as long as the pe-
tiole; clusters spiked,
spikes solitary, shorter
than the leaves, leafy
at the summit; stem na-
ked.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 3G3. AValt. p. 230. Pursli, 1. p. 113. Nutt. 2. p. 208.

Stem four to five feet high, obtusely four-angled, somewhat scabrous, fur-
rowed. Leaves oblong, oval or lanceolate, coarsely toothed, scabrous,
three-nerved; sometimes slightly cordate, large; those of the stem generally
opposite, of the branches alternate; petioles long, unequal, when the leaves
are opposite. Flowers in sessile clusters, lateral and axillary. Sterile and
fertile florets intermingled. Ca/_y.T a little hairy. 5ee(/ compressed ovate.

Grows in shaded wet soils.

Flowers July — August.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.
7. DiVARICATA.

573

U. foliis alternis, o-
vatis, acuminatis, ser-
ratis, glabriusculis; pe-
tiolis longis, ciliatis;
paniculis axillaribus,
solitariis^divaricato ra-
mosissimis, petiolo lon-
gioribus; caule slimii-
loso. Pursh.

Leaves alternate, o-
vate, acuminate, ser-
rate, nearly glabrous;
petioles long, cili-
ate; panicles axillary,
solitary, divaricately
branched, longer than
the petioles; stem sti-
mulant.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 365. Pursh, 1. p. 113. Nutt. 2. p. 208.

This species is nearly allied to the following, but is sufficiently distinct, in
the leaves being not cordate and smooth, the panicles solitary and mixed
with fertile florets, and in the general appearance of the plant. Pursh.

With this species I am unacquainted.

Grows in damp soils in rocky situations, from Canada to Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July — August.

8. Canadensis.

U. foliis alternis, cor-
dato ovatis, acumina-
tis, serratis, utrinque
hispidis; paniculis axil-
laribus, plerumque ge-
minatis, divaricatis, ra-
mosissimis, inferioribus
masculis, petiolo longio-
ribus, superioribus elon-
gatis, femineis; caule
hispidissimo, stimuloso.

Leaves alternate, cor-
date ovate, acuminate,
serrate, hispid on both
surfaces; panicle axil-
lary generally in pairs,
divaricately branched,
the lower sterile, longer
than the petiole, the
upper spikes long, fer-
tile; stem very hispid,
stimulant.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 365.
Nutt. 2. p. 208.

Walt. p. 230. Mich. 2. p, 178. Pursh, 1. p. 114.

Stem four to eight feet high, branching, hispid. Leaves ovate, slightl}
acuminate, coarsely toothed, thin, sprinkled with hairs, sometimes cordate.
Tloirei's in loose divaricate panicles nearly as long as the leaves, the lower

574

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

panicles, perhaps most of the early flowers sterile, the later fertile, branches
of the panicle very hispid. Calyx hairy. Seed oblique, resembling much one
joint of the pods of the Hedysarum.

The fibres of the two last described species are so strong that it has been
strenuously proposed to substitute them in many cases for hemp.

Grows in Carolina along the mountain streams, Pursh. I have not seen
this species in the maritime districts of Carolina or Georgia.

Flowers July — August.

MORUS. Gen. Pl. 1424.

Masculi. Calyx 4-
partitus. Corolla 0.

Foemiitei. Calyx 4-
phyllus. Corolla 0.
Styli 2. Calyx bacca-
tus. Semen 1.

Sterile florets. Ca-
lyx 4-parted. Corolla 0.

Fertile florets. Ca^
lyx 4-leaved. Corolla
0. Styles 2. Calyx
berry formed Seed 1.

Leaves deeply cor-
date, unequal at base,
ovate and lobed, un-
equally serrate, nearly
smooth.

I. Alba.

M. foliis profunde cor-
datis, basi inaequalibus,
o vat is lobatisve, inae-
qualiter serratis, la^vi-
usculis.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 368. Nutt. 2. p. 209.

Leaves undivided, shining, thin. Flowers monoecious.

This tree, a native of China and Persia, is now entirely naturalized in
this country. Around the plantations in the low country it occurs, I think,
more frequently than our native species. It grows from twenty-five to thirty
feet high, and sometimes two to three feet in diameter. Its peculiar inha-
bitant, the silk worm, thrives equally well.

Flowers March. ■'

2. Rubra.

XJ. foliis cordatis, o-
vatis, acuminatis trilo-
bisve, aequaliter serra-
tis, scabris, subtus pu-

Leaves cordate, o-
vate, acuminate, fre-
quently three-lobed, e-
qually^ serrate, sea-

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

575

bescentibus; amentis
foemiiieis cylindricis.

brous, pubescent un-
derneath; fertile aments
cylindrical.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 369. Walt. p. 241. Mich. 2. p. 179. Prush, 2. p. 639-
Nutt. 2. p. 209. Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 232.

A tree which, in favourable situations, is said by Michaux to attain the
height of sixty to seventy feet, and a diameter of eighteen to twenty-four
inches, branches long, virgate. Leaves of the old tree, ovate, acuminate,
serrate, scabrous on the upper suface pubescent underneath; those of the
young plants frequently palmate and very scabrous. Flowers, I believe,
always dioecious. Sterile florets in a spike or ament one to two inches
long, calyx four parted, stamens four, longer than the calyx. Fertile florets
in a short spike. Calyx four-leaved, after flowering closing becoming juicy,
forming a cylindrical fruit composed of many one seeded berries.

Grows in rich alluvial soils, along the margin of rivers and swamps, not
uncommon though rarely becoming in the low country a large tree. The
timber is durable and is generally preferred in building boats, or for the light
timbers of vessels to any wood excepting the red cedar.

Flowers March.

PARIETARIA. Gen. Pl. 1576.

Hermaphroditi, Ca-
lyx 4 fid us. Corolla 0.
Stamina 4. Stylus 1.
Semen 1, siiperum, e-
longatum.

Foeminei. Calyx 2 —
4 fidus. Corolla 0.
Stamina 0. Stylus 1.
Semen 1, superuni, e-
longatum. •■

Herm* Calyx 4-
cleft. Corolla 0. Sta-
mens 4. Style 1. Seed
\, superior, long.

Fertile florets. Calyx
2 — 4 cleft. Corolla 0.
Stamens 0. Style 1.
Seed 1, superior, long.

1. Peninsylvamca. Muhl.

P. foliis oblongo-
lanceolatis, venosis,
opaco-punctatis; invo-
lucro 3-phyllo, floribus
longiore.

Leaves oblono Ian-
ceolate, veiny, opake
dotted; involucrum 3-
leaved, longer than the
flower.

576

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 955. Pursh, 1. p. 114. Nutt. 2. p.

208.

Stem twelve to fifteen inches high, striate, very pubescent. Leaves al-
ternate, linear lanceolate, with a long nearly acute summit, dotted, pubescent
particularly along the veins and margin, tapering at base to a petiole about
half an inch long. Flowers in compact axillary clusters. Female and Her-
maph. intermingled. Two hermaph. and one female floret generally en-
closed in a six-leaved involucrum. Leaves of the involucrum oblong, his-
pid. Cali/x oblong, persistent, the segments uniting and forming a cover
for the seed.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia. Sent me from
Augusta by Dr. Leavenworth.

Flowers May — July.

2. Floridana. Nuttall.

P. foliis rotundato-
ovatis, oblusis, opaco-
pimctalis; floribus glo-
meratis, involucrum
aequantibus; caule as-
surgenle.

Nutt. 2. p. 208.

Leaves ovate, near-
ly round, obtuse, opake,
dotted; flowers cluster-
ed as long as the invo-
lucrum; stem assurgent.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, decumbent, with the branches erect,
pubescent near the summit, sometimes nearly glabrous at base. Leaves
ovate, dotted, pubescent, sometimes nearly round, sometimes abruptly acu-
minate, but still obtuse, on petioles as long as the leaves. Flowers in axil-
lary clusters, not generally so crowded as in the former species. Leaves of
the involucrum nearly linear, not longer than the flowers.

Grows in sandy soils when damp. Common along the sea coast of Caro-
lina and Georgia. First sent me from Florida by Dr. Baldwin under the
name of P. lucida.

Flowers May — October.

ATRIPLEX. Gen. Pl. 1577.

Hermaphroditi Ca-
lyx 5-pliyllus. Corol-
la 0. Stamina 5. Slif-
lus 2-partitus. Semen
1, depressum.

Herm.Jiorets, Calyx
5-leaved. Corolla 0.
Stamens 5. Style 2-
parted. Seed 1, de-
pressed.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

577

Foeminei. Calyx 2-
phyllus. Corolla 0.
Stamina 0. Stylus 2-
partitus. Semen 1,
compressum.

1. Patula.

A caule herbaceo, pa-
tulo; foliis triangulari
hastatis acuminatis,
subdentatis; fructus ca-
lycibus rhombeis, a-
pice denticulatis, disco
submuricatis.

Fertile Jlorets* Ca*
lyx 2-leaved. Corol-
la 0. Stamens 0. Style
2-parted. Seed 1, com-
pressed.

Stem herbaceous, ex-
panding; leaves trian-
gidar, hastate, acumi-
nate, slightly toothed;
calyx of the fruit rhom-
boidal, toothed at the
summit, slightly muri-
cate on the disc.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 964. Nun. 1. p. 197-

Annual. Ste^n prostrate, somewhat angled, branching, glabrous, one to
two feel long. Leaves attenuate, triangular, hastate, generally entire, gla-
brous, on petioles nearly an inch long. Flowers clustered on axillary and
terminal spikes. Calyx persistent, denticulate near the summit, muricate
or crested on the back.

The plant of our low country which has been referred to this species ap-
pears to be certainly indigenous. It grows in brackish soils at the head of
tide water in many of our creeks. Bees creek, Pocotaligo, and near Charles-
ton. I have, however, at present no specimen with mature seed, which I
could compare more accurately with the European plant.

Flowers June to September.

2. Angustifolia.

A. caule herbaceo, di-
varicato; foHis inferio-
ribus hastatis, subden-
tatis, superi^ribus lan-
ceolatis, ij^tegerrimis;
fructus calycibus has-
tato lanceolatis, inte-
gerrimis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 965,

Stem herbaceous, di-
varicate; lower leaves
hastate, slightly tooth-
ed, the upper lanceo-
late, entire; calyx of
the fruit hastate lance-
olate, entire.

VOL. II.

D 4

578

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Annual. Stem divaricate, somewhat prostrate, angled, glabrous. (Lower
leaves hastate slightly toothed, Willd.) upper lanceolate, narrow, entire, gla-
brous, attenuated at base. Flowers in compact clusters axillary and terminal.
Calyx of the fruit deltoid, hastate, sometimes denticulate, the back strongly
veined but not crested.

Found though rarely near the margin of salt water around Charleston,
perhaps an exotic. I have never seen the lower leaves hastate, but the ear-
ly leaves of plants frequently decay before the flowers are expanded.

Flowers June — July.

3. Laciniata.

A. caule erecto, lier-
baceo foliis triangula-
ribiis profunde denta-
tis, subtiis albidis; fruc-
tus calycibus rhombeis,
trinerviis, denticulatis.

ceous; leaves
lar.

Stem erect, lierba-
triangu-
deeply toothed,
whitish underneath; ca-
lyx of the fruit rhom-
boidal, three-nerved,
toothed.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 963. Walt. p. 252. Pursh, 1. p. 199- Nutt. 1. p. 198.

The whole plant covered with a thin separating epidermis. Stem erect,
terete, naked, virgate. Leaves, except the very lowest, alternate, deltoid,
toothed, silvered over with small plates or scales. Terminal spikes her-
maphrodite with the anthers light red. Female florets axillary, in pairs.
Calyx of the fruit compressed, five toothed, the intermediate one the largest.
Lin. heaves when growing spontaneously almost snow white underneath,
when cultivated pale white. Will.

Grows generally along the margins of salt or brackish streams. Walter
appears to have seen this species; I have not met with it.

Flowers June — August,

4. Arenarl\. Nuttall.

A. caule herbaceo,
patente; foliis subses-
sihbus oblongo-ovatis,
integerrimis, argenta-
tis; fructus calycibus
muricatis, dentatis, re-
tusis.

Nutt. 1. p. 198.

A. Glauca. Walt. p. 252.

Stem herbaceous, ex-
panding; leaves nearly
sessile, oblong ovate,
entire, silvery; calyx
of the fruit muricate,
toothed, retuse.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

579

stem about two feet high, geniculate, much branched, glabrous, frequently
purple, the epidermis generally in a state of separation. Leaves alternate,
oblong, mucronate, the lower rather obtuse, covered on both surfaces with
silvery scales, nearly sessile. Flowers monoecious; the sterile in terminal
spikes clustered; the fertile in axillary clusters. Of the sterile florets; Ca-
lyx five-leaved, the leaves lanceolate, small; Filaments five, longer than the
calyx. Anthers didymous bright purple. Of the fertile florets, the calyx two-
leaved persistent. Leaves appressed, three-lobed; the lateral lobes two-
toothed; the intermediate, long acute, each bearing two short dentaled crests.
Styles two, longer than the calyx. Seed orbicular, compressed.

Grows in soils that are occasionally inundated by the ocean.

Flowers July — November.

AMARANTHUS. Gen. Pl. 1431.

Mas cull. Calyx 3 — 5
phyllus. Corolla 0. Sta-
mina 3. s. 5.

Foeminei. Calyx 3 —
5 phyllus. Corolla 0.
Styli 3. Capsula 1,
locularis, circumscissa.
Semen 1.

Sterile Jlorets. Ca*
lyx 3 — 5 leaved. Cor
rolla 0. Stamens 3 or 5,

Fertile jlorets* Ca^
lyx 3 — 5 leaved. Co-
rolla 0. Styles 3. Ca-
psule 1 celled, circum-
scissed. Seed 1.

1. LlVlDUS.

A. glomerulis trian-
dris, subspicatis, rotun-
datis; foliis ellipticis re-
tusis: caide erecto.

Flowers clustered, tri-
androus, in rounded
spikes; leaves elliptic,
retuse; stem erect.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 386. Pursh, 1. p. 207. Nutt. 2. p. 210.

Plant annual. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, smooth, generally purple. Leaves
alternate, more commonly ovate as described by Linnaeus, than elliptic, ob-
tuse, emarginate, slightly undulate, strongly veined, glabrous, on petioles
1 — 2 inches long. Spikes compound, axillary and terminal. Sterile and
fertile florets intermingled, small clusters of fertile florets in the axils of the
lower leaves. Calyx 3-leaved. Stamens 3, longer than the calyx. Styles
two and three, very short. Capsule rugose, somewhat persistent.

Grows in cultivated lands and about buildings — common.

Flowers from June — September.

580

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

2. PUMILUS.

A. glomerulis pen-
tandris axillaribus; fo-
liis ovatis,obtusis,emar-
giiiatis, carnosis, rugo-
sis; caule procumbente,
glabio. E.

Flowers pentandrous
in axillary clusters;
leaves ovate, obtuse,
emarginate, carnose,
rugose; stem procum-
bent, glabrous.

Rafinesque Med. Repos. 2. p. 360. Nutt. 2. p. 210.

Plant annual. Stem one to two feet high, procumbent and ascending, some-
what carnose, generally purple. Leaves ovate, ribbed, succulent; with the
margin entire and cartilaginous, dotted, slightly glaucous underneath. FloW'
crs in sessile clusters, crowded towards the summit of the stem. Sterile and
fertile florets intermingled. Calyx 5-leaved, leaves oval. Filaments 5, as
long as the calyx. Styles 3. Capsule rugose, persistent.
Grows on the drifting sands along the margin of the ocean.
Flowers August — October.

3. Hybridus.

A. racemis pentan-
dris, decompositis, con-
gestis, erectis; foliis o-
vato-lanceolatis.

Flowers pentandrous,
in decompound, erect,
clustered racemes;

leaves ovate lanceolate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 389. Walt. p. 232. Pursh, 1. p. 207. Nutt. 2. p. 210.

Stem four to six feet high, furrowed, and somewhat hairy, heaves ovate,
lanceolate, acute, muncronate, ribbed, pubescent, slightly scabrous, on pe-
tioles about an inch long. Spikes axillary and terminal, supradecompound,
sterile and fertile florets intermingled. Calyx 5-leaved, leaves lanceolate,
acute; filaments five, nearly as long as the calyx. Germ obovate, acuminate.
Styles two to three. Capsule rugose, circumscissed.

Grows in cultivated grounds, very common.

Flowers July — October.

4. Sanguineus.

A. racemis pentan-
dris, supradecomposi-
tis, erectis; ramis pa-
tentibus, glabris; foliis
oblongis, acutis.

Flowers pentandrous
in supradecompound,
erect racemes; branch-
es expanding, gla-
brous; leaves oblong,
acute.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 390. Pursh, 1. p. 207. Nutt. 2. p. 210.

581

stem naked. Racemes terminal, erectj the lateral and the partial ones
expanding. Leaves lurid on the upper surface, entirely red underneath.
Lin.

Grows in cultivated grounds, Virginia I0 Carolina. Pursh.

Flowers July — August.

5. Hypochondriacus.

A. racemis pentan-
dris, compositis, con-
fertis erectis; foliis ob-
longo lanceolalis, mu-
cionatis.

Flowers pentandrous,
in compound, crowded,
erect racemes; leaves
oblong lanceolate, mu-
cronate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 392. Pursh, 1. p. 207. Nutt. 2. p. 210.

Annual. Stem four to eight feet high, glabrous, furrowed. Leaves long,
large, lanceolate, entire, ribbed, lurid on the upper surface, generally purple
on the under, on long petioles. Racemes terminal, paniculate. Sterile and
fertile florets intermingled. Calyx 5-leaved, leaves very acute, bright pur-
ple. Stamens five, longer than the calyx. Styles three. Capsules cir-
cumscissed.

Grows in cultivated ground, not indigenous, at least in the low country of
Carolina. '

Flowers June — October.

6. Spinosus.

A. racemis pentan-
dris, terminalibusjcom-
positis; axillis spinosis.

Flowers pentandrous,
in compound, terminal
racemes; axils spiny.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 393. Walt. p. 232. Pursh, 1. p. 208. Nutt. 2. p. 210-

Ste7n two to three feet high, diffusively branched, glabrous, generally co-
loured. Leaves lanceolate, rather obtuse, mucronate, entire, glabrous,
slightly glaucous underneath. Petioles as long as the leaves, with two spin-
ous stipules at their base. Spikes compound axillary and terminal, the up-
per florets generally sterile. Calyx five-leaved, the leaves lanceolate, very
acute, filaments five, longer than the calyx. Styles three. Capsule ovate,
transparent, somewhat persistent.

A very common weed around buildings and in cultivated land.

Flowers June — October.

In several species of this genus the two halves of the capsule appear to
cohere until they both decay; in others the upper half falls as soon as the
seed matures.

582 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

SCHISANDRA. Michaux. Stellandria. BrickelL

Masculu Calyx 5-
phyllus, inferus, imbri-
catus. Cor<9//a5-petala.
Filamenta 0. Anther ce
receptaculo sessiles.

FoemineL Calyx 5-
phyllus, imbricatus. Co-
rolla 5-petala. Stamina
0. Qermina plurima ca-
pitatim congesta, re-
ceptaculo demum elon-
gate. BacccB l-spermae.

1. CocciNEA. Mich.

Sterile florets. Ca^
lyx 5-leaved, inferior,
imbricate. Corolla 5-
petalled. Filaments 0.
Anthers sitting on a re-
ceptacle.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 5~leaved, imbri-
cate. Corolla 5 -pet ail-
ed. Stamens 0. Germs
numerous, collected into
heads, receptacle ex-
tended when mature.
Berries 1 -seeded.

Mich. 2. p. 219. Pursh, l.p. 212. Nutt. 2. p. 209-

Stem voluble, glabrous, ten to fifteen feet long. Leaves alternatej lan-
ceolate, sometimes denticulate, glabrous, occasionally somewhat cordate, pe-
tiolate. Flowers solitary, axillary', on short peduncles. Corolla and recep-
tacle? of the sterile florets of a deep crimson colour, and acquiring from the
pale yellow, sessile anthers, tliat stellular appearance from which the name of
Brickell was derived. In the fertile floret the germs are aggregated as in
the flowers of the Rubus, but the receptacle extends as it matures, and the
berries do not unite and form one fruit as in the Rubus or Morus, but become
detached and scattered. Berries red, one seeded. Dr. Brickell considered
the fruit as a two celled, one seeded drupe.

In my description of this plant I have followed, in a great measure, the
manuscript notes of the late Dr. Brickell, who, I believe, had examined if
with great attention.

Grows in rich damp soils, near Savannah.

Flowers May — June.

CROTONOPSIS.

Masculi. Calyx 5-
partitus. Corolla 5-pe-
taia.

Michaux.

Sterile florets. Ca-
lyx 5-parted. Corolla
5-petalled.

Foeminei. Calyx 5- 1 Fertile florets. Ca^

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

583

parlitus. Corolla 0.
Stigmata 3, duplicato
bifida. Capsula mo-
nosperma, nondehis-
cens.

lyx 5-parted. Corolla
0. Stigmas 3, doubly
2 cleft. Capsule 1 seed-
ed, not opening.

1. Linearis.

C. caule erecto, di-
chotome -ramosissimo;
foliis supra stellato pi-
losis, subtus argenteo-
lepidotis.

Stem erect, diclioto-
mously branching;

leaves on the upper
surface stellularly hai-
ry, underneath covered
with silvery scales.

Mich. 2. p. 186. Sp. pi. 4. p. 380. Pursh, 1. p. 206. Nutt. 2. p. 209.

Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, dichotomously branched, with the
divisions generally remote, covered like the under surface of the leaves, with
silvery scales, heaves linear-lanceolate or ovate, entire, on short petioles.
Flowers in short terminal and axillary spikes, small, the upper florets sterile.
Capsule oval, covered also with scales.

The leaves of this plant vary from linear-lanceolate to ovate; the extremes
appear sufficiently distinct, but intermediate specimens seem to connect
them.

Grows in dry pine barrens, near Georgetown, and in the middle districts
of Carolina.

Flowers June — May.

PLANERA. Gmelin.

Masculi, Calyx cam-
panulatus, 4-fidus. Co-
rolla 0. Stamina 3 —
5, exserta.

Hermaphroditi. Ca-
lyx campanulatus, 4-
fidus. Corolla 0. Stig-
mata 2, sessilia, recur-

Sterilejlorets, Calyx
campanuiate, 4-cleft.
Corolla 0. Stamens 3
— 5, exserted.

Herm,Jlo7^ets. Calyx
campanuiate, 4-cleft.
Corolla 0. Stigmas 2,
sessile, recurved. Nut

584

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

vata. Nux monosper-
ma, CO ri ace a, squamu-
losa.

I. Aquatica. Walt.

one-seeded,
ous, scaly.

coriace-

Sp. pi. 4. p. 967. Mich. 2. p. 248. Pursh, 1. p. 115.
Planera Ulmifolia. Mich. arb. for. 283.
Anon, aquatic. Walt. p. 230.

Nutt. 1. p. 202.

A small tree generally about twenty-five to thirty feet high, twelve to fif-
teen inches in diameter, branches slender, virgate. Leaves ovate, acute, ser-
rate, slightly scabrous on short petioles. Flowers monoecious, expanding
before the leaves. Sterile florets in small sessile clusters near the extremity
of the last year's wood. Stamens longer than the calyx, 3 — 4 or 5. Fertile
florets solitary, or in small clusters intermingled with the sterile. Nut ovate,
one-celled, not winged, but covered with loose ovate scales.

Grows along the margin of river swamps; most common in the middle
districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers March.

CELTIS. Gen. Pl. 1591.

Masculi* Calyx 5 —
6 partitus. Corolla 0.
Stamina 5 — 6.

Hermaphroditic Ca-
lyx 5-partitus. Corolla
0. Stamina 5. Styli 2.
Drupa, 1 sperma.

1. OCCIDENTALIS.

C. foliis ovatis, acu-
minatis, serratis, basi
inaequalibiis, supra sca-
bris, subtus hirtis.

Sterile Jlorets, Calyx
5 — 6 parted. Corolla
0. Stamens 5 — 6.

Herin, Jlorets. Calyx
5-parted. Corolla 0.
Stamens 5. Styles 2.
Drupe 1 seeded.

Leaves ovate, acu-
minate, serrate, une-
qual at base, scabrous
on the upper surface,
hairy underneath.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 994. Walt. p. 250. Mich. 2. p. 249- Pursh^ 1. p. 200.
Nutt. 1. p. 202.

Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 225.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

585

sevltv fee7 u iJh .T T "^^ '^' «^'>'«JancJs obtains a height of sixty to
in^ barl nnitPH K t '"" "' ''^" '^ ^T ^'"^'' branches erect and expand-

nhfjn , . conuirate, nmose. Lr«,.c. attenuate, ovate, acuminate

obhque at base, when old nearly glabrous; the young somewhat ha"?^ sea
brous and entire. Petio/e, three to fne lines long, hf i y f1L,7^'x 11a
r>, the lower sterile frequently by threes; the uppS fertife so^i a trPclt
rt nVu ''" ^rZ ^''"^- ^''^"^'' ^^^«' pubescent, as long as die pedun-
w; 1^' T^' ^'''\' '^^y^" ^'' ^^ ^''^ P^^'^^J^ filaments five to sK as
long as the calyx, united at base. Anthers greenish. Of the ferile floret
frr,'"rT «*>J%«rr^ther stigmas two,%xpanding curved F.«ra
globular dry driipe, of a purple colour and saccharine taste. '

Around BeaiAfort formerly this tree was very common, and several of thpm
in the town had obtained the size I have mentioned. The rodiowve^
appears not to be strong; the branches are easilv broken from the stem bv
high w,nds, and m the frequent gales to which the sea-coast Sxarol nTand
Georgia has been exposed during the last twenty or twenty-five Tears the
finest of these trees have literally been torn to piies. AlcJ.g Ihe marSn if

Flowers March.

ZIZANIA. Gen. Pl. 1433,

MascuU. Calyx 0.
Corolla, gluma 2-vaI-
vis, mutica, foemineis
mixta.

FoemineL Calyx 0.
Corolla gluma 2-valvis,
aristata. Stylus 2-par-
titus.. Seme7i 1, corol-
la plicata veslitum.

1. Aquatica.

Z. panicula pyrami- i
data, inferne divarica- j
ta mascula, superne
spicata foeminea; pedi-
cellis florum clavatis;
aristis longis; semine
elongate.

VOL. II.

Sterile Jlorets. Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla^ glume
2-valved, unawned,
mingled with the fertile
florets.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 0, Corolla glume
2-vaIved, awned. Style
2-parted. Seed clothed
with the platted corolla.

Panicle pyramidal,
divaricate and sterile
at base, spiked and fer-
tile towards the sum-
mit; pedicells of the
flower clavate; awns
long; seed long.

586

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Walt. p. 233. Pursh, 1. p. 60. Nutt. 2. p. 210.

Z. Palustris, Sp. pi. 4. p. 395.

Z. Clavulosa, Mich. 1. p. 75.

Root perennial. Stem 6—12 feet high, terete, glabrous, polished, encir-
cled at the joints with a silken pubescence. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
slightly channelled, finely sernilate, glabrous on both surfaces, of a light
green colour, 2—4 feet long, one to one and a half inches wide, closely
sheathing at base, the sheaths shorter than the internodes. Floivers in a
larae terminal panicle, the branches verticillate, the lower expanding, bear-
ing'sterile florets, the upper somewhat erect, the florets all fertile, on short
incrassated pedicels; of the sterile floret glume 2-valved, valves equal, cili-
ate along the back and margins; nectary 2 very small lanceolate mem-
branes at the base of the filaments; filaments 6, short; anthers oblong; the
sterile flower pendulous caducous. Of the fertile floret glume 2-valved,
valves unequal, the exterior linear-hinceolate, tapering to a bristle nearly 2
inches long, ciliate; the interior smaller, very acute; nectary as in the sterile
floret; germ short, oval. Styles 2, short. Seed oblong.

This grass grows in great abundance near the mouths of our fresh water
rivers. It constitutes a considerable portion of the fresh water marshes;
preferring those situations where the soil is overflowed one or two feet deep
at high water. Its leaves are succulent and eaten with avidity by stock of
all descriptions. In Savannah, under the name of wild oats, it is used almost
exclusively during the summer season as green fodder for their cows and
horses. It is said not to make good hay, but I suspect it has not been fairly
tried; perhaps the experiments have been made on leaves or plants not
sufficiently mature. The seed are more saccharine than those of any other
of the graminea? which 1 have ever tasted, but they are aho the most cadu-

'"OUS.

Flowers October and November.

2. MiLiACEA. Mich.

Z. panicula effusa,
pyramidata; gliimis
brevi-arislatis; floribiis
masciilis et foemineis
mixtis; stylo 1; semine
ovato, kevi; foliis pe-
rennaiitibus glances-
cent i bus.

Mich. 1. p. 74. Sp. pi. 4. p. 894. Pursh; 1 . p. 60- N»tt. 2. p. 210.
Z. Palustris, Walt. p. 233.
Z. Aquatica, Sp. pi. 4. p. 394?

Stf'm erect, 6—10 feet high, terete, glabrous, even at the joints. Leaves
1_6 it^et long, oiie to onp and a half inches wide, flat, striate, serrulate^

Panicle expanding,
pyramidal; glumes with
short awns; florets ste-
rile and fertile inter-
mingled; style 1; seed
ovate, smooth; leaves
perennial, glaucescent.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

687

glaucous, perennial, sheath at base open, shorter than the internodes. Floio-
ers in a large terminal pyramidal panicle, the lower branches generally by
threes, the upper lanceolate. Flowers sterile and fertile intermingled, the
upper florets generally sterile. Of the sterile floret }>hmie 2-valved, valves
equal, lanceolate, slightly mucronate, nerved, serrulate near the summit;
filaments G, very short; nectaries 2, minute. Of the fertile floret valves 2,
unequal, lanceolate, mucronate. 67y/e J, longer than the inferior valve of
the corolla. Stigmas 2. Seed oval, glabrous.

This species is more common than the preceding, and grows in similar
situations; its leaves are harsh and coarse, eaten. T believe, by no animal,
perennial, and of a dull glaucous colour.

Flowers April — May.

3. Fluitans. Mich.

Z. pusilla, ciilmis gra-
cilibus, ramosis; foliis
liiiearibus, planis; spi-
els solitariisaxillaribiis,
setaceis, subquadifloris;
glumis miiticis.

Mich.

small: stem

branching;
flat:

Plant
slender,

leaves linear, ^im^^,
spikes solitary, axilla-
ry, setaceous, general-
ly 4-flo\\ered; glumes
unawned.

1. p. 7J- Sp. pi. 4. p. 395. Pursh, 1. p. 6l. Nutt. 2. p. 210.

This species is said by Dr. Baldwin, to be very common in the vicinity of
Savannah. A small, creeping, jointed grass, floating whenever the soil on
which it grows is overflowed. I have had no opportunity of examining it
when m flower, nor of ascertaining whether our Southern plant is really the
species described by Michaux. In habit and appearance it is totally unlike
the two preceding species.

MYRIOPHYLLUM. Gen. Pl. 1440.

3Iasculi, Calyx
quadrifidus. Petala 4,
caduca. Stamina 4 s.
8.

Foemineu Calyx et
Corolla maris. Qer-
7711 na 4. Sty HO, Cap^
sulce 4, monospermae.

Sternle florets. Ca-
lyx 4-cleft. Petals 4,
caducous. Sta7nens 4
or 8.

Fer^ tile florets. Ca-
lyx and Corolla like
those of the sterile flo-
ret. Ge7^77is 4. Style
0. Capsules 4, one-
seeded.

588

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

1. Verticillatu3I. Lin.

M. foliis pinnatis, |
capillaceis, superiori-
bus pectinato-pinnatifi-
dis; floiibus axillaribus,
verticillatis, superiori-
bus masculisj 8-andris.

Leaves pinnate, ca=-
pillary, the upper pec-
tinate, pinnatifid; flow-
ers axillary, verticil-
late, the upper sterile
octandrous.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 407. Mich. 2. p. 190. Pursh, 1. p. 274. Nutt. 2. p. 211.

The upper florets of this ^ecies sometimes produce both styles and sta-
mens.

Grows from Canada to Carolina; and in Lower Louisiana, Nutt.
Flowers July — August. Pursh.

2. ScABR^iTUM. JMich.

M. foliis pinnatifidis;
floribus omnibus verti-
cillatis axillaribus; su-
perioribus masculis 4-
andris, inferioribus fo-
emineis; fructu 8-an-
gulat©w

Leaves pinnatifid;
flowers verticillate ax-
illary; the upper sterile
tetrandrous, the lower
fertile; fruit 8-angled.

Mich. 2. p. 190. Sp. pi. 4. p. 408. Pursh, 1. p. 274. Nutt. 2. p. 211.
Potamogeton Pinnatum, Walt. p. 90.

Root perennial. Stem about 12 inches high, terete, procumbent and
assurgent, lloating, taking root at tlie lower joints. Leaves verticillate, gen-
erally by four.s, the lowest setaceous resembling fibres, the upper linear, pin-
natifid, rarely an inch long, with 2 segments usually on each side. Flowers
verticillate, aJso by fours, sessile, small; the upper sterile. Corolla of both
florets pale purple. Stamens 6, scarcely longer than the corolla. Fruit
as if composed of 4 seed united each having an elevated broad 2-edged rib
along the back.

Grows in shallow pond«.

Flowers April — June, and probably through the whole summer.

3. Heterophyllum. Mich.

M. foliis inferioribus

capillaceo pinnatis, su- [lary, pinnate, the up-

Lower leaves capil-

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

689

perioribus ovalibus, ar-
gute serratis; floribiis
6-andris.

per oval, acutely ser-
rate; flowers hexan-
drous.

Mich. 2. p. 191. Sp. pi. 4. p. 408. Prush, 1. p. 274. Nutt. 2. p. 211.
Potamogeton Veiticillat,uiu, Walt. p. 90.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high, terete, glabrous, floating, radicant, occasionally
branching. Lower submersed leaves numerous, verticillate, setaceous, ra-
ther more than an inch long, pinnate with the segments also setaceous; the
upper leaves lanceolate, sessile, acutely serrate, somewhat irregularly verti-
cillate. Plotcers in irregular whorls sitting in the axils of the lanceolate
leaves, the upper sterile. Calyx and Corolla small, somewhat persistent.
Stamens rather longer than the corolla. Germs 4. Capsules united, rib-
bed, as in the preceding, along the back.

Grows in pine barren ponds.

Flowers May — July.

SAGITTARIA. Gen. Pl. 1441.

Masculi, Calyx 5-
phyllus. Corolla 3-
petala. Filamenta plu-
rima.

Foeminei. Calyx 3-
phyllus. Corolla 3-
petala. Germina plu-
rima. Semina multa,
nuda.

Sterile jiorets, Ca--
lyx 3-leaved. Corolla
3-petalled. Filaments
numerous.

Fertile florets, Ca-
lyx 3-leaved. Corolla
3-petalled. Germs nu-
merous. Seed many^
naked.

1. Sagittifolia, var. Latifolia

S. foliis ovatis, sub
acutis, sagittatis, lobis
ovatis, acuminatis, rec-
tis; scapo simplici, fie-
ri bus monoicis; brac-
teis ovatis, acutis.

gene-

Leaves ovate,
rally acute, sagittate,
lobes ovate, acuminate,
straight; scape simple;
flowers monoecious;
bracteas ovate, acute.

Mich. 2. p. 189. Walt. p. 283. Nutt. 2. p. 213.
S. Latifolia, Sp. pi. 4. p. 409- Pursh, 2. p. 396.

590

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Roof perennial. Stem 0. Leaves all from the root, ovate, sagittate,
acute, sometimes obtuse, entire, very glabrous, strongly nerved, lobes long,
acuminate, and very acute; with the lobes 6 — 14 inches long, 4 — 7 wide, on
petioles 1 — 2 feet long dilated at base. Scape 1 — 2 feet long. Proper
peduncles by threes, verticillate, scarcely an inch long, upper flowers sterile,
the lower fertile. Involucrum 3-leaved, (perhaps 1-leaved, deeply 3-parted,
with the segments 3-cleft,) leaves ovate, acute, frequently 3-cleft. Calyx
3-leaved, of the sterile floret deciduous. Petals 3, larger than the calyx,
round, white. Stamens about 30, shorter than the corolla. Germs very
numerous, collected into a globular head. Style very short. Capsule? in-
curved, gibbous on one side, not opening, containing one oval seed.

Grows in ponds, ditches, and wet places.

Flowers August — October.

2. PuBEscENs. Muhl.

S. pubescens; foliis
oblongo-ovatis, acutis,
sagittatis; lobis ovatis,
acLiminatis, lectis; sca-
po simplici; floribus
monoicis; bracleis siib-
rotuiidis, pubescentissi-
mis.

Pubescent; leaves
oblong ovate, acute,
sagittate; lobes ovate,
acuminate, straight;
scape simple; flowers
monoecious; bracteas
nearly round, very pu-
bescent.

Muhl. Cat. p. 86. Nutt. 2. p. 213.

A plant very similar in most respects to the preceding, but with the stem
and leaves pubescent, and the bracteal leaves and calyx very pubescent.
As far as it has fallen under my observation, it appears to bear smaller
leaves, longer in proportion to their size, and the lobes less divaricate; and
the bracteal leaves which in the former species are with us ovate and acute,
are in this shorter, nearly round, and obtuse.

Grows very common in the western districts of Georgia. I do not re-
member to have seen it along the sea coast.

Flowers August — October.

3. Hastata. Pursh.

S. foliis oblongo-lan-
ceolatis, sensim-acutis,
sagittatis, lobis paten-
tibus, lanceolatis, lon-
gissime - acuminatis;

Leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, sagit-
tate; lobes expanding,
lanceolate, with very
long acuminate points;

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

591

scapo simplici; floribus
dioicis; bracteis calyci-
busque subiotimdis, ob-
tusis.

scape simple; flowers
dioecious; bracteas and
calyx nearly round,
obtuse.

Pursh, 2. p. 213. Nutt. 2. p. 213.
S. Gracilis, Pursh, 2. p. 396.

A plant in its general habit resembling the two preceding, but the leaves
are long, very narrow, with long, slender, divaricate lobes. In the var.
Gracilis, Pursh remarks that the leaf (from the summit of the petiole) rarely
exceeds 3 inches in length.

Grows (at least the var. Gracilis) in the mountainous districts of Carolina
and Georgia.

Flowers July — August.

4. Natans. Mich.

5. foliis natantibus,
elliptico-lanceolatisjob-
tusiS; nervosis, infimis
subcordatis; scapo sim-
plici, paucifloro; pedun-
culis inferioribns elon-
gatis.

Leaves floating, el-
liptic-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, nerved, the lowest
slightly cordate; scape
simple, few-flowered;
lower peduncles very
long.

Mich. 2. p. 190. Pursh, 2. p. 397. Nutt. 2. p. 213.

Root perennial, the fibres articulated. Leaves generally floating, elliptic,
entire, 3-nerved, the lowest ovate cordate, 7-nerved, 1 — 2 inches long.
Scape generally erect, 3 — 6 inches long. FlotFers not numerous, small,
the upper sterile. Leaves of the calyx lanceolate. Petals round. Stamens
about 8. Germs numerous.

Grows in shallow ponds. When deserted by water it becomes erect, buf
rarely exceeds 6 — 8 inches in height.

Flowers May — August.

5. Lancifolia.

S. foliis lato-lanceo-
latis, utrinque acutis,
glabris, coriaceis, sub-
perennantibus; scapo

Leaves broad, lan-
ceolate, acute at each
end, glabrous, coriace-
ous, somewhat perenni-

692

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

al; scape simple; seed
compressed, slightly
falcate.

Mich. 2. p, 189. Nutt. 2. p. 213.

simplici; seminibus
compressis, subfalcatis.
E.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 410. Walt. p. 233.
S. Falcata, Pursh, 2. p. 397-

Root somewhat tuberous, creeping. Sap, as in most of this genus, lactes-
cent. Leaves large, 10 — 14 inches long, 3 — 5 wide, lanceolate, entire,
striate, many nerved, coriaceous. Petioles 1 — 2 feet long. Scape 2 — 3
feet long. Flowers verticillate by threes, the upper sterile. Leaves of the
involucrum ovate, acuminate, glabrous. Leaves of the calyx round, tinged
with purple. Petals much larger than the calyx, white as in all of this
genus. Filaments numerous, (nearly 60) hairy. Gei'ms numerous. Stig-
ma 3 — 5 cleft. Capsules collected into a compact globular head.

Grows in deep marshes and wet and boggy soils

Flowers April — June.

6. Gramiinea. Mich.

S. foliis lineari'lan-
ceolatis, triplinervibus,
siibperennantibus; sca-
po simplici; floribus
monoicis; bracteis ova-
tis, aciiminatis.

Leaves h near-lance-
olate, triplinerved,
somewhat perennial;
scape simple; flowers
monoecious; bracteas
ovate, acuminate.

Mich. 2. p. 190. Pursh, 2. p. 397- Nutt. 2. p. 213.
S. Simplex, Pursh, 2. p. 397?

Root perennial. Leave-i linear-lanceolate, entire, glabrous, 3 — 4 inches
long, scarcely half an inch wide, many of them living through the winter.
Petioles about a foot long. Scape rather longer than the petioles. Flowers
verticillate by threes, the upper sterile. I-eaves of the calyx lanceolate,
small. Petals much longer than the calyx. Filaments about 10, hairy.
Anthers frequently 2 on each filament. Capsules obliquely mucronate, col-
lected into a globular head.

Grows in shallow ponds; very common in pine barrens.

Flowers April — June.

QUERCUS. Gkn. Pl. 1446.

MasculL Amentum
nudum, lineare. Calyx

Sterile Jlorets. A--
ment naked, linear*

MOIfOECIA TRIANDRIA.

593

sub 5-fidiis. Stamina
4—10.

Foemineu Calyx
monophyllus, integeni-
mus, scaber. Corolla
0. Styli 2—5. Nux
coriacea, calyce persis-
tente basi cincta.

slightly 5-cleft. Sta-
mens 4 — 10.

Fertile Jlorets, Ca^
lyx one-leaved, very
entire, scabrous. Co-
rolla 0. Styles 2 — 5.
Nut coriaceous, sur-
rounded at base by the
persistent calyx.

* Fructijicatio bien^
nis:foliis plerumque se~
fa eeo'tnu crona tis.

^ Fructification hi'
ennial; leaves generally
mucronate.

\, Phellos. Lin.

Q. foliis deciduis,
lineari-lanceolatis, u-
trinque attenuatis, inte-
gerrimis, glabris, mu-
cronatis; nuce subro-
tunda.

Leaves deciduous,
linear-lanceolate, ta-
pering at each end, en-
tire, glabrous, mucro-
nate; nut nearly round.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 423. Walt. p. 234. Mich. 2. p. 197- Pursh, 2. p. 625.
Nutt. 2. p. 214.

Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 74. Mich. Quer. N. 7 to 12. (Q. Phellos Sylvatica.)

A tree 30 — 60 feet high, erect^straight, generally slender for its height.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, very slightly mucronate, nearly sessile, gen-
erally deciduous, when young of a very light green colour, resembling some-
what those of the willow. Spikes of sterile florets near the termination of
the last year's wood. Fertile florets solitary in small clusters. Fruit (an
acorn) nearly spherical, mucronate, small, sitting in a scaly cup.

The leaves of the young plant have generally one tooth or angle, rarely
more, on each side.

Grows generally in swamps or along their margins; the timber is but little
used. Willow oak.

Flowers March and April.

VOL. II.

f4

594

AIONOECIA XRIAWDRIA.

2. CiivEREA. Mich.

Q. foliis perennanti-
bus, coriaceis, oblongo-
lanceolatis, integerri-
mis, margine suTjrevo-
liitis, apice mucronatis,
siibtus stellatim tomen-
tosis; fructibus sessili-
bus; mice subglobosa.

Leaves perenniafj
coriaceous, oblong-lan-
ceolate, entire, with the
margin slightly revo-
lute, mucronate at the
summit, stellularly to-
mentose underneath;
fruit sessile; nut nearly
spherical.

Mich. 2. p. 197. Sp. pi. 4. p. 425. Piirsh, 2. p. 626. Nutt. 2. p. 214.

Q. Puinilis, Walt. p. 234.

Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 8 t. 14. ]Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 81.

A small tree rarely exceeding 20 feet in height, with irregular crooked
branches. Leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, sometimes acute,
sometimes obtuse, always mucronate, very slightly revolute along the margin,
covered underneath with a very close and short tomentum, of a greyish hue,
but very generally discoloured with shades of brown. Acorn small, not
abundant, nearly spherical. Clip shallow, sessile.

Grows on the dry and barren hills in the middle districts of Carolina and
Georgia, sometimes called high ground Willow Oak, Turkey Oak, Scrub
Oak, which last name, however, includes the Q. Nigra or Black Jack and
Q. Catesbaei, to which it more peculiarly belongs.

Flowers March — April. '

3. PuaiiLA. Walt.

Q. foliis deciduis, ob-
longo-lanceolatis, sub-
undulatis, basi obtusis,
apice acutis, mucrona-
tis, subtus tomentosis,
supra glabris; nuce
subgloboso.

Leaves deciduous,
oblong - lanceolate,
slightly undulate, ob-
tuse at base, acute and
mucronate at the sum-
mit, glabrous on the
upper surface, tomen-
tose underneath; nut
nearly spherical.

Walt. p. 234. Nutt. 2. p. 214.

Q. Phellos, var Pumila, Mich. 2. p. 197.

Q. Sericea, Sp. fol. 4. p. 424. Pursh, 2. p. 626.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

595

Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 13— f. 1, 2. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 84.

A small shrub with creeping roots, rarely exceeding two feet in height.
Stem slender, virgate, tomentose when young, sparingly branched. Leaves
on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at base, undulate particularly
when young, the under surface covered with a dense hoary tomt^ntum, the
upper when young sprinkled with a stellular pubescence, becoming glabrous
with age. The sterile florets are produced in such profusion, as to render
the plant very conspicuous at the season of flowering. Acoi-n small, not
produced in any abundance even when not destroyed by fire, nearly sphe-
rical. Cup shallow, on a very short peduncle. '

The figure of Michaux the younger, arb. for. which recalls the plant very
accurately to my recollection, represents the leaves as tapering at base, spe-
cimens belore me have them all very obtuse. In this respect it probably
varies.

This has always appeared to me a very distinct species, marked by many
characteristic features. In many situations where the woods have not for
years been burnt, I have seen it growing, without exceeding the height I
have specified. I know not how Mr. Nuttall was led to consider it as a
Swamp variety of the Q. Cinerea; for although it does not generally grow
in a soil as arid as the sand hills in the middle country to which the Q. Cine-
rea appropriately belongs, it is found only in the driest pine barrens along
that district which is emphatically called the *0ow country of Carolina and
Georgia."

Flowers March — April,

'4. ViRENS. Alton.

Q. foliis perennanti-
bus, coriaceis, ovali-
lanceolatis, integerri-
mis, margine levolutis,
basi obtusis, apice sub
acutis, subtus stellatim
pubescentibiis; frucii-
bus pedimculatis; nuce
oblonga.

Leaves perennial,
coriaceous, oval-lance-
olate, entire, with the
margins revohite, ob-
tuse at base, generally
acute at the summit,
stellularly pubescent
underneath; fruit on
peduncles; nut oblong.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 425. Mich. 2. p. 196. Pursh, 2. p. 626. Nutt. 2. p. 214.

Q. Sempervirens, Walt. p. 234.

Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 10—11. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. Gj.

A large tree, with spreading curved and twisted branches, rarely exceed-
ing 50 feet in height, but covering with its enormous limbs when growing in
open situations, a large circumference. The Stem sometimes attains a dia-
meter of 5 — 7 feet, but generally divides into large branches at 8 or 10 feet
from the ground. Leaves oval-lanceolate, with the margins conspicuously
revolute, pubescent, almost tomentose underneath, entire on the old trep,

596

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

toothed or angled on the young, frequently obtuse. Aments of sterile florets
small, fertile florets very numerous. Fruit oval, nearly black, mucronate,
pedunculate, generally in pairs.

The timber of this oak is perhaps the most valuable that is known for the
purposes of naval architecture. Its fibre is compact, heavy, strong, and du-
rable, twisted so as to split with difficulty, and hardening with age or on ex-
posure to weather. The natural curvature of the branches is.in general pre-
cisely such as the timbers of a ship require, so that the strength of the wood
may, with a little care, be entirely preserved. It is also used in machines,
for the fellows of cog wheels, and in general wherever strength and durability
are required, and where its weight and crookedness form no objection. Its
bark is excellent for the use of the Tanner, and its smaller branches are gen-
erally used for fuel, and constitute in fact the best firewood in our country.

This tree is now becoming scarce in the forests, as the soil and situation
in which it naturally grows, is that peculiarly adapted for the cultivation of
the Sea-Island Cotton. It is only seen in perfection in old fields, or as an
ornamental tree near buildings, or on the margins of islands or points of
lands projecting into salt water. It is much to be regretted, that residents
on the Sea-Islands do not plant avenues of this noble tree along the roads
leading up to their houses, as a means not only of preserving and eventually
increasing the supply of timber, but of adding embellishments to situations,
which have frequently all the beauties that water and wood can give to the
scenery of a level country. We perhaps want the variety which cultivation
even in its most regular aspect can bestow. All, however, who have seen
the fine avenues of Live Oak near Dorchester, will acknowledge, that they
would add magnificence to any landscape.

Grows along the sea coast, often flourishing luxuriantly when a portion of
its roots are washed by the salt water at a ve-y high tide.

Flowers and sheds a portion of its leaves in April.

5. Maritima. Willd.

Q. foliis perennanti-
bus, coriaceis, lanceola-
tis, integerrimis, gla-
bris, basi attenuatis,
apice acutis, mucrona-
tis; nuce ovali.

Leaves perennial,
coriaceous, lanceolate,
entire, glabrous, taper-
ing at base, acute at
the summit, mucronate;
nut oval.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 424. Pursh, 2. p. 625. Nutt. 2. p. 214.
Q. Phellos, var. Maritima, Mich. 2. p. 197-
Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 13. f. 3.

A shrub 4 — 10 feet high, growing along the sea coast. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate, (often sinuately toothed, smooth and of the same colour on both
sides, Nutt.) on very short petioles. Nut oblong, mucronate, rather large.
Cup pedunculate.

This species has always appeared to me to be most nearly allied to the Q.
Virens. Its acorn is similar in shape, but larger.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

597

Grows in the vicinity of salt water.
Flowers April.

6. Myrtifolia. Willd.

Q. foliis perennanti-
bus, coriaceis, parvis,
oblongo-obovatis, mu-
ticis, utrinque acuiis,
glabris, supra nitidis
reticulatisque, margine
revolutis.

Leaves perennial,
coriaceous, small, ob-
long-ovate, unawned,
acute at each end, gla-
brous, shining and reti-
culate on the upper sur-
face, margin revolute.

Sp. pi. 4. pi. 424. Pursh, 2, p. 6261 Nutt. 2. p. 214.

Branches terete. Leaves on short petioles, coriaceous, oblong, rather
acute at base, entire and slightly revolute, shining on the upper surface,
opake and glabrous underneath, resembling very much those of the common
Myrtle, willd; scarcely larger than those of the Box, Nutt.

This specie of oak was discovered, I believe, by Mr, Kim, on Cumberland
Island in Georgia, and probably extends along the sea-coast of Florida: its
fruit is still unknown.

Flowers.

7. Laurifolia. Mich.

Q. foliis sub peren-
nantibus, sessihbus,
oblongo - lanceolatis,
sub acutis, basi attenu-
atis, integerrimis, u-
trinque glabris; nuce
subovata.

Leaves nearly peren-
nial, sessile, oblong-lan-
ceolate, nearly acute,
tapering at base, en-
tire, glabrous on both
surfaces; nut some>vhat
ovate.

Mich. 2. p. 197. Sp. pi. 4. 427. Pursh, 2, p. 627- Nutt. 2. p. 214.

Q. Heraisphaerica, Bartram's Travels, p. 320.

Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 17 and 18; perhaps also t. 20. f. 2.

A tree sometimes growing 40 — 50 feet high, and 2 — 4 feet in diameter,
with its branches regularly expanding and forming a large handsome hemis-
pherical head. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sometimes obovate, acute or ob-
tuse, nearly sessile, very glabrous on both surfaces, with the margins slightly
revolutej those of the young plant toothed and irregularly sinuate; all some-

598 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

what clustered near the summit of the small branches. Fruit ovate. Cup
shallow, nearly sessile.

This is one of our handsomest species of oak, and is frequently cultivated
around buildings instead of the live oak, as it is supposed to be more easy to
remove, more rapid in its growth, and by some considered, on account of the
regularity of its branches, more beautiful. The old trees shed their leaves
freely towards the close of the winter, and are nearly naked in March. The
young plants generally retain their foliage. The timber is supposed to pos-
sess neither the strength nor durability of the live oak.

The figure in Mich. Querc. t. 20. f. 2. exactly resembles the young plants
of this species. And as this oak, though growing in dry soils, is more known
by the name of "Water Oak," than by any other appellation, it is not im-
possible that Michaux may have been misled by its popular denomination
to insert a figure of it among the real Water Oaks.

I have always considered this as the real Q. Hemisphaerica of Bartram.
It certainly is the species to which his description most appropriately ap-
plies.

Grows in rich sandy soils along the margin of swamps, appearing to take
the place of the live oak as you leave the margin of the ocean, but growing
also with the live oak on the sea-islands.

Flowers April.

8. Imbricaria. Mich.

Q. foliis deciduis, ob-
longis, utrinque aciitis,
miicronatis, integerri-
mis, nitidis, subtus pu-
bescentibiis; mice siib-

globosa. spherical.

Leaves deciduous,
oblong, acute at each
end, mucronate, entire,
shining, pubescent un-
derneath; nut nearly

Mich. 2. p. 197. Sp. pi. 4. p. 428. Pursh, 2. p. 627, Nutt. 2. p. 214.
Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 15, l6. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 78.

A tree 40 — 50 feet high, 12 — 18 inches in diameter, with numerous irre-
gular branches. Leaves lanceolate, entire, mucronate, shining on the up-
per surface, very pubescent and somewhat ferruginous underneath, on very
short petioles. Fruit rather small, nearly spherical. Cup shallow, nearly
sessile.

The leaves of this species are much larger than those of the Q. Laurifo-
lia, and are very pubescent underneath; the fruit also differs in figure. The
wood is said by Michaux to be of little value, but it splits easily, and is used
in the Western States, where it more frequently occurs, for shingles.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina, Dr. Macbride; not found in the low
country.

Flowers —

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

699

** Foliis apice lo-
hatis.

** Leaves lohed at
the summit.

9. Aquatica. Walter.

Q. foliis obovato-
cuneiformibiis, glabris,
integerrimis, apice ob-
solete tiilobis, muticis,
lobo intermedio majoie;
glaiide subglobosa.

Leaves obovate cu-
neiform, glabrous, en-
tire, obscurely 3.1obed
at the summit, unawn-
ed, the middle lobe
large; nut nearly sphe-
rical.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 441, Walt. p. 234. Mich. 2. p. 198. Pursh, 2. p. 628.

\ A tree rarely exceeding 30 or 40 feet in height, and 12 — 18 inches in
diameter. Branches somewhat regular but never forming a handsome head.
Leaves sessile, cuneate obovate, obscurely 3-lobed at the summit, very gla-
brous, the veins underneath prominent. Fruit not abundant. Germs gen-
erally in pairs. Acorn ovate, rather small. Cuj) shallow, on a very short
peduncle.

This tree bears some resemblance to the Q. Laurifoha, but is, I think,
sufficiently distinct. It is neither valued for timber nor fuel.

Grows in damp, springing soils, around ponds and in shallow swamps.

Flowers March — Apiil.

10. Nana. AViUd.

Q. foliis cuneiformi-
bus, glabris, apice tri-
lobis, basi subsinuatis,
lobis divaricatis, mu-
cronatis, intermedio
majore, axillis venarum
subtus pubescentibus;
nuce ovato-subglobosa.

Leaves wedge-sha-
ped, glabrous, 3-lobed
at the summit, slightly
sinuate at base, the
lobes divaricate, mu-
cronate, the middle one
the largest, axils of the
veins pubescent under-
neath; nut ovate, near-
ly glabrous.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 445. Pursh, 2. p. 628.

Q. HemisphcTrira. var. Nana, Nutf. 2. p. 21-',i.

6G0

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

With this species I am personally unacquainted. A single leaf, however,
which was sent me under this name by Dr. Muhlenberg, agrees minutely
with the description of Wildenow, and certainly belongs to no variety of the
Q. Aqautica or Q. Laurifolia that I have seen. It resembles the leaves of
the Q. Ilicifolia more nearly than those of any species that I possess; but
differs from that by being more distinctly 3-lobed at the summit, by being
glabrous underneath except in the axils of the large leaves. Leaves between
2 and 3 inches long, deeply 3-lobed and mucronate at the summit, obtusely
sinuate near the base.

Grows in the pine barrens of Carolina and Georgia, Pursh.

Flowers.

11. Nigra.

Q. foliis coriaceis,
cuneiformibus, basi
subcordatis, apice dila-
tatis, retuso-subtrilo-
bis, jimioribus mucro-
natis, supra glabris,
subtus rubiginoso-pul-
verulentis; glande bre-
vi-ovata.

Leaves coriaceous,
wedge shaped, slightly
cordate at base, dilated
at the summit, retusely
3-lobed, when young
mucronate, glabrous on
the upper surface, rus-
ty and pulverulent un-
derneath, nut short,
ovate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 442. Walt. p. 234. Mich. 2. p. 198. Prush, 2. p. 629-
Nutt. 2. p. 214.

Icon, Mich. Querc. t. 22, 23. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 92.

A small tree 20-^25 feet high, rarely exceeding 10 inches in diameter,
irregular in its growth, and covered with a thick rough black bark. Leaves
on short petioles 5 — 7 inches long, obovate, dilated at the summit, obscurely
3-lobed, glabrous on the upper surface, covered underneath with a ferrugin-
ous dust. Nut short, ovate, mucronate, not abundant. Cup rather deep,
sessile.

The wood of this tree is of little or no value as timber, but it is much es-
teemed for fuel. It is universally known by the name of Black .lack, while
the name of Black Oak is as generally given to another species. It varies
with the lobes, sometimes obsolete unarmed, sometimes very distinct and
mucronate.

Grows on the poorest sand hills, and always indicates n dry barren soil.

Flowers March, Apri!.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

601

12. TiNCTORlA.

Q. foliis obovato-
oblongis, laevissinie si-
nuatis, subtiis in axillis
piibescentibus, lobis ob-
longis> obtusis, obsolete
denticulatis, setaceo-
miicronatis; glaiide de-
presso-globosa.

long,

Bartram.

Leaves obovate, ob-
slightly sinuate,
pubescent underneath
in the axils, lobes ob-
long, obtuse, obscurely
toothed, mucronate;
nut depressed, globular.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 444. Mich. 2. p. 198.
Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 24—25.

Pursh, 2. p. 629. Nutt. 2. p. 214.

This is one of our largest species of Oak, growing in the rich high land
of the upper countrj^, 60 — 70 feet high, and 3 — 4 feet in diameter, covered
with a very dark-coloured bark, from whence it has derived its common
name of Black Oak. Leaves on petioles about an inch long, obovate, angled,
slightly and obtusely sinuate, mucronate, glabrous on the upper surface, when
young slightly pubescent or pulverulent on the under, afterwards only pu-
bescent in the axils. Nut depressed ovate, rather large. Cup deep, sessile.

This tree appears to vary much; besides the var. Sinuosa figured by Mi-
"haux the elder, t. 25. and which evidently belongs to this species, the plate
of Michaux the younger, arb. for. 2. p. 110. t. 22. seems to represent an en-
tirely distinct species. I have specimens of this latter variety or species sent
me from Philadelphia by Mr. Kim, as the Q. Tinctoria, which agree exactly
with Michaux's figure; they would be Q. discolor, but they are glabrous un-
derneath, and are not discoloured.

Grows in the rich uplands of the upper country, rare along the sea-coast.

Flowers March — April.

13. Discolor. Aiton.

Q. foliis oblongis,
pinnatifido - sinuatis,
subtus pubescentibus,
lobis oblongis, dentatis,
setaceo - mucronatisj
glande ovata.

Leaves oblong, pin-
natifid, sinuate, pube-
scent underneath, lobes
oblong, toothed, mucro-
nate; nut ovate.

p. 214.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 444. Pursh, 2. p. 629. Nutt. 2.
Icon. Abbot's Insects of Georgia, t. Ill — 56.

Leaves nearly resembling those of Q. Coccinea, but pubescent under-
neath; by the Autumn, however, the leaves are nearly naked, only pubescent
VOL. II. G 4

602

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

along the veins. In the Spring they are hoary and pubescent on both sur-
faces, which is not the case with either the Q. Coccinea or Q. Rubra —
WiUd.

With this species I am not well acquainted. The leaves in the figures of
Abbot resemble very much those of the last variety mentioned under Q.
Tinctoria, but are hoary from their pubescence.

Grows in the oak lands of the middle and upper country — a large tree.

Flowers April.

^4'.; CoccirvEA. Wangenheim.

Q. foliis obloiigis,
profimde sinuatis, gla-
bris, lobis divaiicatis,
dentatis^ acutis, seta-
ceo-mucronatis; calyci-
bus fructus basi atten-
uatis.

Leaves oblong, deep-
ly sinuate, glabrous,
lobes divaricate, tooth-
ed, acute, mucronate,
calyx of the fruit taper-
ing at base.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 445. Mich. 2. p. 199- Pursh, 2. p. 630. Nutt. 2. p. 214.
Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 31, 82. Mich. arb. for. p. Il6.

A large tree 70 — 80 feet high, and 3 — 4 feet m diameter. Leaves deeply
sinuate, very glabrous, the sinuses obtuse, the lobes very acute, acutely
notched and toothed, and mucronate. Petioles 2 — 4 inches long. Fruit
very abundant. Nut ovate, oblong, mucronate. Cup turbinate, sessile, en-
closing about half of the nut.

This species, which constitutes a large proportion of the oak forests of the
upper country, is distinguished by the brilliant colour of its leaves towards
the close of Autumn. Its wood is principally converted into staves or rails'
or fuel. It is one of the many species to which the name of Red Oak is in-
discriminately applied. Its leaves are perhaps more dissected than those
of any other species except the Q. Palustris.

Grows in the rich oak lands of the upper country. Not common in the
lower.

Flowers in April.

15. Rubra.

Q. foliis oblongis,
obtuse sinuatis, glabris,
lobis acutiusculis, den-
tatis, setaceo-mucrona-
tis; calycibus fructus
subtus planis.

Leaves oblong, ob-
tusely sinuate,glabrous,
lobes nearly acute,
toothed, mucronate; ca-
lyx of the fruit flat at
base.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

603

Sp. pi. 4. p. 445. Mich. 2. p. 200. Pursli, 2. p. G30. Nutt. 2. p. 214.
Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 35 — 36. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 126.

A large tree growing 70 — 80 feet in height, and 3 — 4 in diameter. Leaves
glabrous, sinuate, with the re-entering angles frequently acute, the lobes very
acute and very acutely notched, niucronate. Petioles 2 — 4 inches long.
Fruit abundant. Nut ovate, mucronate, nearly truncate at base. Cujj shal-
low, very flat, sessile.

This species has a strong affinity to the Q. Coccinea, but its leaves are
generally larger, not so deeply sinuate, the base of the sinus more frequently
acute, and in Autumn they change to a dull red and finally become yellow.
The acorn also in this species is larger, and remarkable for its flat base and
shallow cup.

This tree is very abundant in the oak land of the upper districts of Caro-
lina and Georgia. It is rare along the sea-coast. Its wood is used for
staves, and rails for fences. Its bark is valuable to the tanner. For the
purposes of the Architect, however, the timber of none of the "Red Oaks"
is equal either in strength or durability to that of the different species and
varieties of the White and Chesnut Oaks.

Grows in dry soils.

Flowers April.

16. Catesbei. Mich.

Q. foliis laevissime
petiolatis, basi cimea-
tis, oblongis, coriaceis,
glabris, profimde sin-
uatis, lobis divaricatis,
acutis, mucroiiatis; cu-
pula turbinata, ampla,
squamis obtusis, margi-
nalibus introflexis; nuce
ovata.

Leaves on very short
petioles, wedge shaped
at base, oblong, coria-
ceous, glabrous, deeply
sinuate, the lobes diva-
ricate, acute, mucro-
nate; cup turbinate,
large, scales obtuse,
those of the marginbent
inwards; nut ovate.

Mich. 2. p. 199. Sp. pi. 4. p. 446. Pursh, 2. p. 630. Nutt. 2. p. 214.

Q. Laevis? Wah. p. 234.

Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 29, 30. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 101.

A small tree from 15 to 36 feet high, and rarely exceeding 12 inches iu
diameter, the branches and stem irregular and crooked. Leaves nearly ses-
sile, coriaceous, glossy, deeply sinuate, the lobes very commonly simple,
divaricate and falcate, sometimes bearing 1 or 2 acute teeth. Fmit not
abundant. Nut rather ovate. Cup large for the size of the fruit, deep, in-
closing commonly half of the acorn, sessile, and remarkable for hs obtuse
scales, which cover a portion of its inner surface.

The leaves of this species are lobed very much li \ those of Q, Rubra,

604

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

but the lobes are much more simple, the leaf itself is more coriaceous and
sessile, and the fruit and tree altogether distinct.

It is not used at all as timber. Its wood makes excellent fuel, and its bark
is valuable to the tanner, but is not easily procured.

Grows in dry, poor, sandy soils; the largest that I have seen are to be
found on the Sea-Islands. 4r

Flowers April.

17. Falcata. Michaux.

Q. foliis longe peti-
olatis, basi obtusis, sub-
tus tomentosis, trilobis,
si nu alls, lobis subfal-
catis, setaceo-muciona-
tis, terminali elongate;
glancle globosa.

Leaves on long pe-
tioles, obtuse at base,
tomentose underneath,
3-lobed or sinuate,
lobes somewhat falcate,
mucronate, the termi-
nal one long; nut glo-
bular.

Mich. 2. p. 199. Pursh, 2. p. 631. Nutt. 2. p. 214,

Q. Elongata, Sp. pi. 4. p. 444.

Q. Rubra, Walt. p. 234.

Icon. Mich. Querc. t, 28. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 104.

This is one of our largest trees, growing 70 to 80 feet in height, and in
favourable situations 3 — 4, and sometimes 5 feet in diameter, having gene-
rally a straight trunk and large branches regularly expanding. Leaves on
long petioles, deeply lobed, lobes in general not numerous (3 — 5) falcate,
simple, acute, mucronate, smooth and glossy on the upper surface, covered
with a dense tomentum underneath. Nut small, abundant, ovate. Cup
shallow, somewhat turbinate on a short peduncle.

This, along the sea-coast of Carolina and Georgia, is the most common
species of Oak, particularly in soils that are dry and only moderately fertile.
Its wood is principally used for staves, or more commonly consumed for
fencing or as fuel. Its bark, however, is preferred to that of every other
species of Oak for tanning.

Var. a, Tru.oba.

Q. foliis cuneiformi-
bus, basi obtusis, apice
subaequaliter trilobis,
mucronatis, supra gla-
bris, subtus tomentosis.

Leaves wedge shap-
ed, obtuse at base,
nearly equally 3-lobed
at the summit, mucron-
ate, glabrous on the
upper surface, tomen-
tose underneath.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

605

Q. Triloba, Sp. pi. 4. p. 443.
Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 26.

Mich. 2. p. 199. Pursh, 2. p. 629.

This variety grows promiscuously with the preceding, and resembles it
entirely in size, habit and appearance; yet, I do not recollect to have seen
any tree bearing indiscriminately the 3-lobed and falcate leaves. If not a
distinct species, it is certainly a very permanent variety.

These two trees are called by the inhabitants Red Oak or Spanish Oak.
Where I have seen any distinction made, Red Oak was applied to the Q.
Triloba — Spanish Oak to the Q. Falcata.

Grows in dry soils, moderately fertile.

Flowers April.

Var. b. Pagod^folia.

Q. foliis oblongis,
muiiilobatis, basi sub
acutis, lobis simplici-
bus, divaricatisj mucro
natis, sub oppositis,
subtus pubescentibus;
nuce ovata.

Leaves oblong, ma-
ny lobed, nearly acute
at base, lobes simple,
divaricate, mucronate,
generally opposite, pu-
bescent underneath;
nut ovate.

This tree, which has a strong affinity to the Q. Falcata, may deserve a
further examination. Its leaves on petioles 2 — 3 inches long, have fre-
quently 11 — 13 lobes generally opposite, simple, acute, and diminishing
very regularl}^ upwards from the first or second pair; the under surface is
only pubescent, not tomentose. The acorn is small, ovate. The tree itself
large.

This tree I first noticed on the banks of the Roanoke in North-Carolina,
along the road from Petersburg to Raleigh. I have since seen it netir
Granby, South-Carolina, growing in both places in rich swamp land.

18. Ilicifolia. Wangenheim.

Q. foliis longe petio-
latis, obovato-cuneifor-
mibus, tri-quinquelobis,
margine integerri-

mis, subtus cinereoto-
mentosis, lobis sctaceo
mucronatis; nuce sub-
globosa.

Leaves on long peti-
ole, obovate, wedge-
shaped, 3 — 5 lobed, en-
tire along the marginf,
cinereous and tomen-
tose underneath, the
lobes mucronate; nut
nearly spherical.

606

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 447. Nutt. 2. p. 215.

Q. Banisteri, Mich. 2. p. 199- Pursh, 2. p. 631.

Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 27- Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 96.

A small shrubby Oak, generally growing from 3 — 4 feet high, sometimes
8 — 10. Leaves cuneate, usually 5-lobed, the lobes rather acute and mu-
cronale, the upper surface smooth*, the under covered with a white tomen-
tum. Petioles about an inch long. Fruit so abundant as sometimes to cover
the branches. Nut ovate. Cup large for the size of the acorn, shallow,
Mich.

Grow in dry, poor, gravelly soils — New- York to Georgia, Muhl. I have
never seen this species in our low country.

Flowers.

** Fructificatio an-
nua; folia mutica.

%% Fructification
annual; leaves unaimi-
ed.

f Foliis lobatis.

t Lea^^es lohed.

19. Obtusiloba.

Q. foliis oblongis,
sinuatis, basi cuneatis,
subtus pubescentibus,
lobis obtusis, superiori-
bus dilatatis; calycibus
fructus hemisphaericis,
nuce ovali.

Michaux.

Leaves

oblons;, si-

nuate, cuneate at base,
pubescent underneath,
lobes obtuse, the upper
dilated; calyx of the
fruit hemispherical; nut
oval.

Mich. 2. p. 194. Pursh, 2. p. 632. Nutt. 2. p. 215.

Q. Stellata, Sp. pi. 4. p. 452.

Q. Villosa? Walt. p. 235.

Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 1. Mich. arb. for. p. 36.

A tree generally from 30 — 40 feet high, and 1 — 2 in diameter, but some-
times attaining a height of 50 — 60 feet, and a diameter of 3 — 4; branches
generally straggling, irregular, and the foliage not dense, heaves on short
petioles generally 5-lobed, the upper lobes dilated and eraarginate, or bi-
lobed; all very obtuse, glabrous on the upper surface, covered with a stel-
lular pubescence underneath. Nut oblong. Cup hemisphaerical, inclosing
nearly half of the acorn.

This tree is very common in cold, stiff, gravelly soils. Its timber is sup-
posed in strength and durability to surpass that of any other species of the
Oak, except the Live Oak; and, therefore, it is highly prized when it can be

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

607

obtained sufficiently large, to be used in the construction of vessels. The
small trees are much used in fencing for posts, hence its common name of
"Post Oak." Near the sea-coast of Carolina and Georgia it rarely becomes
a large tree; but, in the fertile lands in the State of Alabama, it attains a
great size.

Grows in moist or gravelly clay soils.

Flowers April.

20. Lyrata. Walter.

Q. foliis oblongis,
sinualis, glabris^ lobis
oblongis, sub acutis,
superioribus dilatatis,
angulato-truncatis; ca-
lycibus fructus nucis
magniludine;
globosa, subtecta.

glande

Leaves oblong, sinu-
ate, glabrous, lobes ob-
long, nearly acute, the
upper dilate, angled;
calyx of the fruit as
large as the nutj nut
globular, nearly cover-
ed.

Walt. p. 235.
Nutt. 2. p. 215.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 453. Mich, 2. p. 295. Pursh, 2. p. 623.

A large tree attaining the height of 60 — 70 feet, and a diameter of 2 — 4,
with branches somewhat regular, and a head of dense and handsome foliage.
Leaves long, irregularly and lyrately sinuate, the lower lobes generally acute,
the upper obtuse and sometimes emarginate, glabrous on both surfaces,
nearly sessile. Nut of a middling size, almost globular, covered excepting
its mucronate summit, with its scaly cup. Cuj) muricate, on a short pe-
duncle.

The timber of this tree is said by Michaux to be valuable, but inferior to
the White Oak. It is, in fact, so circumscribed in its habitat, that it is but
little used or known. Over Cup Oak.

Grows almost exclusively in the rich swamps that border our large rivers.
By no means rare in its native habitations.

Flowers April.

21. Alba. T.in.

Q. foliis oblongis,
pinnalifido - sinuatis,
subtus pubescentibus,
lobis oblongis, obtusis,
integerrimis; calycibus
fructus pedunculatis, ba-
si planis; mice ovata.

Leaves oblong, pin-
natifid, sinuate, pube-
scent underneath, lobes
oblong, obtuse, entire;
calyx of the fruit on
peduncles, flat at base;
nut ovate.

608

MOMOECIA TRIANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 448. Walt. p. 235. Mich. 2. p. 195. Pursh, 2, p. 63S-
Nutt. p. 215.

Icon. Mich. Queic. t. 5. Mich. aib. for. p. 13.

This is one of the largest and most valuable trees in the American Forests,
growing frequently to the height of 70 or 80 feet, with a diameter of 3 — 5,
and, according to Michaux, sometimes of 7 feet. Its trunk is often straight
for 40 or 50 feet, and free from branches. Leaves on short petioles, deeply
pinnatifid, pubescent and glaucous underneath, lobes oblong, obtuse. Fruit
large, frequently in pairs. Nitt ovate. Ctip deep, inclosing nearly half of
the acoru.

This tree is supposed to produce the best timber of any Oak in the United
States, excepting the Q. Virens. It furnishes to Naval Architecture, from its
straight trunk and great size, many pieces of timber which cannot be procur-
ed from the Live Oak. In Civil Architecture, in Machinery, to the Catf
riage-Maker, and to numerous other artizans, it offers many advantages, and
is employed wherever a wood, straight, compact, strong, elastic, durable but
heavy, is required. Its staves are also preferred to those of any other tree;
and its bark, not much used, is said to be valuable to the tanner. Perhaps
no tree in the United States possesses so many good qualities.

It grows in a rich damp soil. In the low country of Carolina and Geor-
gia, it is found along the margins of swamps, and m flat rich high lands. In
the upper country it seeks a rich and rather damp soil. In all of these situa-
tions it attains a large size. But, the district which contains the finest forests of
the Q. Alba, the Q. Obtusiloba, and the Q. Prinus (Palustris) in the United
States, and probably in the world, is the country which encloses the Ala-
bama and its tributary streams.

Flowers April.

tt Foliis dentatis.

tt Leaves toothed

22. Prinus. Liu.

Q. foliis petiolatis^
obovatis, acutis, subtus
pubescentibus, giosse
dentatis, dentibus sub-
aequalibus, dilatatis,
apice callosis; glande
majuscula, ovata.

Leaves on petioles,
obovate, acute, pube-
scent underneath,
coarsely toothed, teeth
unequal, dilated, cal-
lous at the summit; nut
large, ovate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 439- Walt. p. 234. Mich. 2. p. 195. Pursh, 2. p. 63?
Nutt. 2. p. 215.

Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 6. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 51.

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

609

A large and magnificent tree, growing 70 — 80 feet in height, and 2 — 5 or
6 feet in diameter, with a shaft frequently 40 — 50 feet without branches, and
a fine regular head. Leaves large, on petioles about an inch long, obovate
or frequently oblong-lanceoiate, regularly, equally and obtusely toothed, gla-
brous on the upper surface, slightly pubescent underneath. Fruit very
abundant. Nut large, ovate. Cup nearly hemispherical, inclosing about
one-third of the acorn, on short peduncles.

This tree grows in the same soil and situation as the Q. Alba. In the low
country it is more abundant, and generally attains a large size than the
White Oak. Its timber, though perhaps inferior, is generally employed in-
discriminately with that species with which even in name it is often con-
founded. Swamp Chesnut Oak.

Flowers in April.

23. MiCHAuxii.

Q. foliis petiolatis,
obovatis, basi obtusis,
inaequaliter dentatis,
sinuatisqiie, siibtus to-
mentosis; fructibus sub
binis;
ovata.

mice maxima,

Leaves on petioles,
obovate, obtuse at
base, unequally tooth-
ed and sinuate, tomen-
tose underneath; fruit
generally in pairs; nut
very large, ovate.

Nutt. 2. p. 215.

A large tree found intermingled with the two preceding species. The
leaves are more irregularly toothed, more obtuse at base, (sometimes slight-
ly cordate) and much more tomentose and soft underneath, than those of the
tQ. Prinus; and the acorn, judging from my own specimens, are larger than
those of Q. Macrocarpa.

The Q. Velutina of Mr. Kin seems to belong to this species.

Grows in rich flat lands and along the margins of swamps.

Flowers April.

24. Montana. Willd.

-€1. foliis obovatis,
acutis, subtus albo to-
mentosis, grosse denta-
tis, dentibus subaequal-
ibus, dilatatis, apice
callosis, calycibus fruc-

vor. ir.

H

Leaves obovate, a-
cute, white and tomen-
tose underneath,
coarsely toothed, teeth
nearly equal, dilated,
callous at the point;
4

610

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

tus liemisphaericis; mi-
ce ovata.

calyx of the fruit he-
mispherical; nut ovate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 440. Pursh, 2. p. 634. Nutt. 2. p. 2l6.

Q. Prinus Monticola, Mich. 2. p. 196.

Icon. Mich. Qiierc. t. 7. Mich. arb. for. p. 55.

A tree belonging to the laige division of the Chesnut Oaks, but not as
large as either of the preceding species. It grows from 30 — 50 feet high,
and from 1 to 3 feet in diameter, rarely, however, attaining the largest of
these dimensions. To the Q. Michauxii it has much affinity, but its leaves
are more uniformly toothed, less obtuse at base, and its acorns scarcely half
as large as those of that species. Its timber and bark are said by Michaux
to be more valuable than those of the other Chesnut Oaks, and for fuel it is
in the Northern States much prized.

Grows in rocky situations and soils, common along the b^se of the Alle-
ghany Mountains.

Flowers.

25. Castanea. Muhl.

Q. foliis oblongo-
lanceolatis, acuminatis,
subtus tomentosis, gros-
se dentatis, dentibus
subaequalibus, dilatatis,
apice callosis; calyce
fructus hemisphaerico;
nuce ovata.

Leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, to-
mentose underneath,
coarsely toothed, teeth
nearly equal, dilated,
callous at the point;
calyx of the fruit he-
mispherical; nut ovate.

Sp.pl. 4. p. 441. Pursh, 2. p. 634. Nutt. 2. p. 2X6.

Q. Prinus Acuminata, Mich. 2. p. 196.

Icon. Mich. Querc. t. 7- Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 61.

A large tree growing 60 — 70 feet in height and 2 — 4 in diameter. Leaves
on long petioles, narrower than usual among the Chesnut Oaks, acuminate,
with coarse obtuse and nearly equal teeth, glabrous on the upper surface, to-
mentose and white underneath. Fruit oval, of a middling size. Cup he-
mispherical, inclosing one-third of the acorn, sessile.

This tree is disseminated rather sparingly in rich damp soils. I^Tiave
never seen it in the low country. Michaux found it along the Savannah
River as low down as the Sister's Ferry, about 35 miles above the city of
Savannah. It is probably confounded both in name and use with the Q.
Prinus and Q. Michauxii.

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

611

26. CtiiNauAPiiv. Mich.

Q. foliis obovatis,
obtusis, glabris, grosse
dentatis, dentibus sub-
jequalibus, dilatatis,
apice callosis; calyce
fructiis hemisplia3rico;
mice parva ovata.

Leaves obovate, ob-
tuse, glabrous, coarse-
ly toothed, teeth nearly
equal, dilated, callous
at the point; calyx of
the fruit hemispherical;
nut small, ovale.

Q. Prinus Puraila, INIich. 2. p. 196.

Q. Prinoides, Sp. pi. 4. p. 440.

Icon. IMich. Querc. t. 9. fig. 1. Mich. arb. for. p. 64.

A small shrub 3 — 4 feet high, Stem slender, smooth. Leaves on short
petioles, oblong-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, glaucous underneath, slightly
pubescent when young, glabrous when mature. Fruit very abundant. Nut
very small, ovate. Cup sessile.

This small Oak grows in sterile rocky soils, and is most common near the
base of the Mountains. According to Michaux, it rarely occurs solitary, but
generally covers patches of from 50 to 100 acres, frequently intermingled
with the Q. Ilicifolia, and bears its acorns so abundantly, as frequentl}' to
bend to the earth under their weight. In my specimens the fruit is very
small, and more covered with the cup. than in the figure given by Michaux,
arb. for. 1. c.

Flowers.

CORYLUS. Gen. Pl. 1450.

3Iasculi, Amentum
imbricatum. Calyx
squama. Corolla 0.
Stamina 8.

Foeminei, Calyx 2-
partitus, lacerus. Co-
rolla 0. Styli2, Nux
ovata, calyce persist-
ente cincta.

1. Americana. Walt.

C. foHis subrotundis,
cordatis, acuminatis;

Sterile Jiorets. A"
ment imbricate. C«-
lyx a scale. Corolla 0.
Stamens 8.

Fertile Jlorets, Ca-
lyx 2-parted, torn.
Corolla 0. Styles 2.
Nut ovate, surrounded
by the persistent calyx.

Leaves nearly round,
cordate, acuminate; ca-

612

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

calycibus fructus subro
tunclis, campanuiatis,
mice majoribus, limbo
dilatato, multifido.

lyx of the fruit nearly
round, campanulate,
larger than the nut,
with the border dilated,
many cleft.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 471.
Nutt. 2. p. 216.

Walt. p. 236. Mich. 2. p. 201. Pursh, 2. p. 634.

A shrub 6 — 8 feet high, with erect virgate branches, pubescent when
young. Leaves alternate, on short petioles, cordate, ovate, broad, acumi-
nate, angled, serrate, pubescent particularly on the under surface. Aments of
sterile flowers near the summit of the branches, 1 — 2 inches long, scales of
the calyx 3, one nearly enveloping the other two. Fertile florets axillary.
Calyx 2-parted, persistent, with the border dilated, many cleft. Nut ovate,
compressed, acuminate, edible.

Grows in moderately rich soils; common in the upper distiicts of Carolina
and Georgia; found sparingly within 40 or 50 miles of the sea-coast, but ne-
ver, I believe, in its immediate vicinity.

Flowers February — March.

2. RosTRATA. Alton.

C. foliis oblongo-
ovatisovahbusque, sub-
cord at is, acuminatis;
calycibus fructus nuce
majoribus, hirsutissimis,
summitate tubulosis bi-
partitis, laciniis incisis.

Leaves oblong-ovate
and oval, slightly cor-
date, acuminate; calyx
of the fruit larger than
the nut, very hirsute, at
the summit tubular and
2-parted, the segments
notched.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 635. Mich. 2. p. 201. Pursh, 2. p. 635. Nutt. 2. 2l6.

A small shrub rarely exceeding 3 — 4 feet in height. Leaves on short pe-
tioles slightly cordate, nearly oval, acuminate, finely and doubly serrate, pu-
bescent particularly on the under surface, thinner than those of the preceding
species. Calyx of the fruit somewhat globular, very hirsute, terminating in
a tube one and a half inches long, 2-parted for about half of its length, the
summits many cleft.

Grows on the mountains of Carolina. Pui-sh.

Flowers March — April.

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

61^

FAGUS. Gen. Pl. 1448.

Masculi. Calyx 5-
fidiis, campanulatus.
Corolla 0. Stamina
circiter 12.

Foeminei, Calyx 4-
dentatus, setosus. Co-
rolla 0. Germina 2.
Alices 2, calyce eclii-
nato, coriaceo, qiiadri-
fido inclusae.

Sterile florets. Ca-
lyx 5-cleft, campanu-
late. Corolla 0. Sia^
mens about 12.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 4-tootlied, bristly .
Corolla 0. Germs 2.
Nuts 2, inclosed in an
echinate^ coriaceous, 4-
cleft calyx.

1. Sylvatica. Lin. Var. Americana.

F. foliis ovatis, acu-
minatis, leviter denta-
tis, margine ciliatis,
basi aculis; nucibus
ovato triquetris, obtu-
sis cum mucrone.

Leaves ovate, acu-
minate, slightly tooth-
ed, fringed along the
margin, acute at base;
nuts ovate-triquetrous,
obtuse but mucronate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 459. Walt. p. 233. Pursli, 2. p. 624.
F. Sylvestris, Mich. 2. p. 194,
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 170.

Nutt. 2. p. 216.

A large and beautiful tree, growing sometimes from 59 to 60 feet in height,
and 2 to 3 in diameter. The trunk covered with a smooth white bark,
branches numerous, and forming a very compact handsome head. Leaves
alternate on short petioles, oval, lanceolate, acuminate, ribbed, serrate. Am-
ents or Spikes of sterile florets, somewhat terminal or on short peduncles,
fertile florets axillary, very small. Calyx persistent, somewhat like those of
the chinquapin, but 4-cleft, and the spines weak and flexible. Seeds gene-
rally triquetrous.

This is one of the handsomest of our forest trees. The verdure of its
leaves in the Spring surpasses in delicacy and beauty that of any other of our
trees. The grain of its wood is fine and close, yet it is but little used, as the
dog wood (Cornus Florida) and some other of our close grained trees, sur-
pass it much in strength and durabihty.

It grows in damp and rich soils, and where the substratum is clay, the
soil is generally as durable as it is fertile. Where the substratum however
is as is frequently the case in the low country of white sand, no soil is more
speedily exhausted.

Flowers March — April.

6U

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

CASTANEA. Tournefort.

Masculi, Amentum
nudum. Calyx 0. Co-
rolla 5-petala. Starni-
na 10—20.

^^Foeminei, Calyx 5
>'^6 phyllus, muricatus.
Corolla 0. Germina
3. Stigmata penicilli-
formia. Nuces 1 — 3,
calyce echinalo inclusae.

Sterile jiorets. A-
merit naked. Calyx 0.
Corolla five-petalled.
Stamens 10 — 20.

Fertile Jlorets, Ca-
lyx 5 — 6 leaved, muri-
cate. Corolla 0. Germs
3. Stigmas feathered.
Niits 1 — 3, included in
an eeliinate calyx.

1. Vesca. Var. Americana.

Leaves

C. foliis lanceolatis,
acuminatis, mucronato-
serratis, utrinque gla-
bris.

lanceolate,
acuminate, mucronate-
ly serrate, glabrous on
both surfaces.

Sp. pi. 4. 459. Mich. 2. p. 193. Pursh, 2. p. 624.
Fagus Caslanea, Lin. Walt. p. 233.
Icon. Mich. arb. lor. 2. p. 156.

Nutt. 2. p. 217.

A very large tree, growing sometimes from 60 — 70 feet in height, and 3
— 5 feet in diameter, the trunk generally erect and straight, the branches of-
ten irregular. Leaves large, oblong-lanceolate, pubescent underneath when
young, very glabrous when old. Spikes or Ainents of sterile flowers, axil-
lary, very long, florets in small clusters, mostly dodecandrous, but varying
from 5 — 20 stamens. Corolla 6-parted, somewhat lateral. Stamens long-
er than the corolla. Fertile Spikes 2 — 3 together, short, thick. Calyx or
Involucrum 2 — 3 flowered, solitary, squamose, at length muricate. Corolla
tubular, irregularly 6 — 8-parted. Style 1. Stigmas numerous, rigid and
white. Abortiv^e stamens about 12. Nuts generally 3, enclosed in the per-
sistent and spinous involucrum. Nuttall.

The wood of this tree is very extensively used; it is supposed to resist vi-
cissitudes of the weather better than that of most of our forest trees, and is
therefore employed wherever that quality is particularly required.

Grows very abundantly in dry, stony, gravelly ridges; not found along
the sea-coast.

Flowers April — May,

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

615

2. PUMILA.

C. foliis oblongis,
acutis, mucronato-ser-
ratis, sublus albo to-
mentosis.

Leaves oblong, a-
cute, mucronately ser-
rate, tomentose and
hoary underneath.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 461. Mich. 2. p. 193. Pursh. 2. p. 624. Nutt. 217.
Fagus Pumila, var. Serotina, Walt. p. 233.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. l66.

A small tree, sometimes growing 30 — 40 feet in height, and 1 2 — 15 inch«
es in diameter, but more commonly assuming the form of a shrub from 12 —
1 5 feet in height. Leaves much smaller than those of the preceding species,
oval and obovate, mucronately serrate, tomentose underneath, and as in all
of this genus, very regularly ribbed. Fertile florets generally 1 in each in-
volucrum; if more, the rest commonly prove abortive. Nut small, ovate,
acute, enclosed in the spiny involucrum.

The wood of the Chinquapin, whenever it can be obtained large enough
for posts, is much valued, as it is supposed to be more durable when exposed
to the weather than any of our trees, excepting the Red Cedar.

Grows in light fertile soils; very abundant near the sea-coast: I believe
rare in the upper country.

Flowers in May.

3. Nana. Muhl.

C. hiimilis; foliis o-
vali-lanceolatis,' sub-
obtusis, mucronatoser-
ratis, supra nitidis sub-
tus sub-tome ntosis.

A small shrub; leaves
oval-lanceolate, rather
obtuse, mucronately
serrate, shining on the
upper surface, slightly
tomentose underneath.

C. Alnifolia, Nutt. 2. p. 217.

Fagus Pumila, var. Praecox, Walt. p. 233.

This small shrub rarely if ever exceeds 2 feet in height; it grows in small
patches with creeping roots; its leaves are larger than those of the preced-
ing species, more glossy on the upper surface, less tomentose underneath,
and much more irregularly ribbed, and consequently serrate; involucrum of
the fertile florets 1 — 3, on the lower part sterile. Ament, generally matur-
ing, as in the preceding species. Only 1 nut.

The low-bush Chinquapin grows in sandy pine barrens. The nut is
generally much larger, but less abundant than tliose of the preceding species.

Flowers May.

616

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

BETULA. Gen. Pl. 1419.

3IasculL Amentum
imbricatum, squarais
peltatis, trifloiis. Ca-
lyx squama. Corolla
0. Stamina 10 — 12.

Foeminei, Amentum
imbricatum. Calyx
squama biflora. Co-
roUa 0. Semen 1, ala-
tum.

Sterile florets. A-
ment imbricate, scales
peltate, three-flowered.
Calyx a scale. Corol-
la 0. Stamens 10 — 12.

Fertile florets. A-
ment imbricate. Calyx
a scale 2-flowered. Co-
rolla 0. Seed 1, wing-
ed.

Leaves rhomboidal,
ovate, doubly serrate,
acute, pubescent under-
neath, entire at base;
fertile aments ovate,
the scales villous, the
segments Hnear equal.

1. Nigra. Lin.

B. foliis rhombeo-
ovatis, duplicato-serra-
tis, acutis, subtus pube-
scentibus, basi integris;
amentis foemineis ova-
tis, squamis villosis,
laciniis Hnearibus ae-
qualibus.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 464. Pursh, 2. p. 621. Nutt. 2. p. 218.

B. Alba, Walt. p. 231?

B. Lanulosa, Mich, 2. p. 181.

B. Rubra, Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 142.

A tree growing commonly 30—40 feet, and from 1—2 feet in diameter,
though sometimes attaining a much greater size; the trunk covered witn a
smooth scaly bark, the branches long and flexible, heaves on short peti-
oles, ovate, 'acuminate, somewhat angled and acutely serrate, very pubescent
underneath when young. Fruit in small oval aments, scales 3-cleft villous,

the seaments equal. , ., . a a

Grows along the margins of rivers whenever the soil is wet and sandy.

The wood, I believe, is very little used in the Southern States.
Flowers March.

>

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

617

2. Lenta.

B. foliis corclato-o-
vatis, argute seiratis,
acuminalis, iiervis s'lb-
tus petiolisqiie pilosis;
amenti sqiiamis glabris,
lobis obtusis aequalibus
elevalo-vetiosis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 464. Pursh, 2. p. 621.
B. Carpinifolia, Mich. 2. p. 181.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 147.

Leaves cordate o-
vate, acutely serrate,
acumiuate, nerves nii-
clerneath and petioles
hairy; scales of the a-
ment glabrous, lobes
obtuse, equal, with ele-
vated veins.

Nutt. 2. p. 218.

A tree sometimes growing 70 feet in height and 2 — 3 in diameter, with
long slender branches frequently speckled when young. Leaves on petioles
about an inch long, ovate, cordate, acuminate, finely and acutely serrate,
very hairy along the raid rib and veins. Sterile ament 3 — 4 inches long,
pendulous; fertile cylindrical, about an inch long, terminating the small bran-
ches. Scales with divaricate lobes strongly veined.

The wood of this tree possesses a fine and handsome grain susceptible of
polish. It is therefore valued when it grows freely, and is used for many of
the purposes of the Cabinet-Maker. It has been called from the quality
and colour of its wood Mountain Mahogany, or Cherry Birch.

Grows along the borders of mountain torrents. In the Southern States,
only found among the ridges of the Alleghany Mountains. Mich.

Flowers May. Pursh.

CARPINUS. Gen. Pl. 1449.

3Iasculi. Amentum
imbricatum. Calyx
squama. Corolla 0.
Stamina 10.

Foeminei. Amentum
imbricatum. Calyx
squama biflora. Co-
rolla trifida. Nux ova-
ta, sulcata.

VOL. II. ]

Sterile florets. Anient
imbricate. Calyx a
scale. Corolla 0. Sta-
mens 10.

Fertile florets. A-
ment imbricate. Calyx
a two-flowered scale.
Corolla 3-cleft. Nut
ovate, furrowed.
4

618

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

1. Americana. Mich.

C. foliis oblongo-o-
vatis, acuminatis, inae-
qualiter serratis; stro-
bilorum squamis tri-
partitis, lacinia inter-
media obliqua, ovato-
lanceolata, imo latere
dentata.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 468. Mich. 2. p. 210.
C. Caroliniana, Walt. p. 236.

A small tree rarely exceeding 20 feet in height or 6 — 8 inches in diame-
ter. Leaves alternate on short petioles, oval-lanceolate, acuminate, finely
serrate, ribbed, a little hairy along the veins. Aments axillary and terminal;
fertile ament generally terminating the small branches, pendulous, sometimes
leafy. Style 1. Stigmas 2. Scales of the strobilus increasing as the fruit
matures, resembling leaves 3-lobed, the middle one large ovate, serrate on
one side. Nut small, ovate, acuminate, nerved, very hard.

Grows in rich soils.

Flowers March — April.

Leaves oblong o-
vate, acuminate, une-
qually serrate; scales
of the strobilus three-
parted, the middle seg-
ment oblique, ovate-
lanceolate, toothed on
one side.

Pursh, 2. p. 623. Nutt. 2. p. 218.

OSTRYA. Micheli.

MasculL Amentum
imbricatum. Calyx
squama. Corolla 0.
Filamenta ramosa.

FoemineL Amentum
nudum. Calyx 0. Co-
rolla 0. Capsular infla-
tae, imbricatae, mono-
spermae.

Sterile jloret. Ament
imbricate. Calyx a
scale. Corolla 0. Fila"
ments branching.

Fertile Jiorets, A-
men^ naked. Calyx 0,
Corolla 0. Capsules
inflated, imbricate, one-
seeded.

1. VlRGlNlCA. Willd.

O. foliis ovato-oblon-
gis, basi sub cordatis,
acuminatis, inaequaliter

Leaves ovate-ob-
long, slightly cordate at
base, acuminate, une-

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

619

serratis, strobilis ob-
longo-ovatis, erectis,
ge minis, acutis.

qually serrate, strobi-
liis oblong-ovate, erect,
acute, generally in
pairs.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 469. Piirsli, 2. p. 623. Nutt. 2. p. 219-
Carpinus Ostrya, Mich. 2. p. 202.

A small tree 20 — 30 feet in height and 8 — 12 inches in diameter, soine-
times though rarely exceeding these dimensions. Leaves on very short pe-
tioles, oval-lanceolate, acuminate, cordate at base, finely serrate, a little-pu-
bescent along the veins and particularly in the axils. Aments terminal and
axillary. Fertile ament erect, composed of ovate inflated capsules, very
hairy at base, imbiicate and containing one seed.

The grain of this wood is close and so compact and hard, that it has ac-
quired the popular name of Iron Wood. It is well adapted for cogs in Mill
wheels, and for many other uses where a strong fine-grained wood is requir-
ed. But it is so much less common than the Dog Wood, (Cornus Florida)
that it appears to be but little used or sought after.

Grows in fertile soils.

Flowers March — April,

PL AT ANUS. Gen. Pl. 1451.

Mascu IL A mentum
globosum. Calyx 0.
Corolla vix manifesta.
Antherce filamentum
circumnatae.

Foeminei, Amentum
globosum. Calyx po-
ly pliyllus. Corolla 0.
Styli stigmate recurvo.
Cajjsula subclavata, 1-
sperma, stylo mucrona-
ta, basi papposa.

Sterile florets. A-
ment globular. Calyx
0. Corolla scarcely
manifest. Anthers

growing round the fila-
ment.

Fertile florets. A-
ment globular. Calyx
many leaved. Corolla
0. /Styles with a re-
curved stigma. Ca]?'
sule somewhat clavate,
1-seeded, pointed with
the style, hairy at base.

620 ' MONQECIA POLYANDRIA.

1. OCCIDENTALIS. Lin.

' P. foliis quinquan-
gularibus, obsolete lo-
batis, denlatis, subtus
pubescentibus; ramulis
albescenlibiis.

Leaves 5-angled, ob-
scurely lobed, toothed,
pubescent underneath;
branches nearly white.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 474. Walt. p. 237. Mich. 2. p. l63. Pursh, 2. p. 635.
Nutt. 2. p. 219.

Icon. Mich. arb. for 3. p.

This is one of the largest trees of the American forest. In the low coun-
try of Carolina, where it is rather scarce, it rarely exceeds 3 feet in diameter
by 70 — 80 in height; but in the fertile vallies of the Ohio, it is said by Mi-
chaux to have been found from 13 to 1 6 feet in diameter, and frequently with
an undivided trunk of from 60 to 70 feet in height. Leaves alternate on
long petioles, cordate, neai'ly round, acuminate, angled and toothed with the
nerves almost tomentose. Aments axillary on long peduncles, globular.
Seed forming a compact ball on a spherical receptacle.

This tree is generally distinguished in this country as the Sycamore; to
the Northward it is commonly called the Button Wood. Its wood is soft,
and vi^hen exposed to the weather not durable, and is excelled in many res-
pects by so many of our other forest trees, that it is only as an ornamental
tree that it is now valued.

Grows in damp fertile soils.

Flowers March — April.

LiaUIDAMBAR. Gen. Pl.

Mctsculi, Amentum
conicum, involucro 4-
phyllo cinctum. Calyx
0. Corolla 0. Fila-
menta numerosa.

Foeminei, Amentum
globosum, involucro 4-
phyllo cinctum. Calyx
1-phyllus, urceolatus.
Corolla 0. Styli 2.
C ajysulce 2 yCdilyce basi

Sterile Jlorets. A^
merit conical, surround-
ed by a 4-leaved invo-
lucrum. Calyx 0. Co-
rolla 0. Filaments nu-
merous.

Fertile florets. A--
ment globular, sur-
rounded by a 4-leaved
invohicrum. Calyx 1-
leaved, urceolate. Co-

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

621

cinctae, imi-loculares,
polyspermae.

rolla 0. Styles 2 Cap-
sules 2, one-cellecl, ma-
ny seeded, surrounded
at base by the calyx.

1. Styraciflua. Lin.

L. foliis palmato-Io-
batis, lobis acuminatis,
serratis, sinubus baseos
venarum villosis.

Leaves palmately
lobed, lobes acuminate,
serrate, with the sinu-
ses at the base of the
veins villous.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 475. Walt. p. 237. Mich. 2. p. 202. Pursh, 2. p. 635.
Nutt. 2. p. 219.

Icon. Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 194.

A large tree 70 — 80 feet in height, and 2 — 4 in diameter. Leaves alter-
nate on petioles 2 — 3 inches long, palmately lobed, and cordate, the lobes
acuminate and serrate, when young sprinkled with a few hairs; when old,
hairy only in the axils of the leaves. Sterile anient terminating the small
branches, ovate, composed of globular heads. Stamens numerous. Fertile
ament globular near the base of the sterile. Ca/^/x glandular. G^rwjs nu-
merous. Styles 2, thick. Stigmas obtuse. (Ament at length ligneous and
alveolate, capsules by pairs inserted in the alveoli, 1-celled, 1-valved, follicu-
late, internally lined with collateral rows of angular scrobiform deciduous
bodies, applied to the few winged and perfect seeds, Nuttall.)

The leaves of this tree when bruised are fragrant, and it exudes a gum
which is pleasant and slightly aromatic. Its wood decays rapidly when ex-
posed to the weather; and though fine grained and adapted to some of the
uses of the Carpenter and Cabinet-Maker, it is yet but little employed.

Grows every where in wet and damp soils. Attains its greatest size in
our river swamps.

Flowers March and April.

JUGLANS. Gen. Pl. 1446.

Mascu li. Amen turn
imbricatum. Calyx
squama. Corolla 5 — 6
partita. Filamenta

plurima (18 — 36.)

Sterile florets. A-
ment imbricate. Calyx
a scale. Corolla 5 — 6
parted. Filaments nu-
merous (18—36.)

6^2

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

Foeminei. Calyx 4-
fidus, super us. Corolla
5 -fid a. Sty HI, JDrupa
coriacea, sub-spongio-
sa. Nux rugosa irre-
gulariterque sulcata.

1. Nigra.

J. foliolis numerosis,
ovato-lanceolatis, ser-
ratis, subcordatis, su-
perne augustatis, sub-
tus petiolisque sub-pu-
bescentibus; fructibus
globosis, scabro-punc-
tatis.

Fertile Jiorets, Ca--
lyx 4-cleft. Styles 2.
Drupe coriaceous,

somewhat spongy. Nut
rugose, irregularly fur-
rowed.

Leaves numerous,
ovate-lanceolate, ser-
rate, slightly cordate,
tapering to the summit,
the under surface and
petioles slightly pube-
scent; fruit globular,
scabrous, dotted.

Walt. p. 235. Mich. 2. p. 191. Pursh, 2. p. 636.

Sp. pi. 4. -p. 456.
Niitt. 2. p. 220.

Icon. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 157-

A large tree growing 50 — 60 feet in height, and 2-4 in diameter, with a
large and spreading head when permitted to expand freely. Leaves alter-
nate, pinnate, the leaflets numerous, (15 — 21) ovate lanceolate, somewhat
cordate or unequal at base, the partial petioles very short, and with the un-
derside of the leaves very pubescent when young. Aments of sterile flow;ers
axillary near the termination of the last year's wood, simple, two or three
inches long; fertile florets terminal. Fruit spherical, covered with a thick
spongy undivided pericarp, externally dotted and scabrous, which decays
after heavy frosts, and exposes the black corrugated nut.

The timber of the black walnut is compact, fine grained, heavy and dark
coloured when exposed to the air. It is now much valued; and were it not
for the facility with which mahogany is obtained, it would form a great por-
tion of the furniture of our houses. The fruit is well tasted, and is very
commonly introduced on our tables.

This tree grows only in the richest soils. It is sparingly disseminated
along the sea-coast; more frequent, I believe, in the vallies near the Moun-
tains.

Flowers April.

2. CiNEREA. Lin.

J. foliis numerosis,
lanceolatis, serratis.

Leaves
lanceolate,

numerous,

serrate,

MONOECIA POLTANDRIA.

623

basi rotundatis, subtus
pubescenti - mollibus,
petiolis villosis; fiucti-
bus oblongo-ovatis,
nuce oblonga acumina-
ta, insigniter insculpta.

round at base, pube-
scent and soft under-
neath; petioles villous;
fruit oblong ovate; nut
oblong acuminate, con-
spicuously sculptured.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 456. Walt. p. 235. Mich. 2. p. 191. Pursh, 2, p. 636.
Nutt. 2. p. 220.

Icon. J. Cathartica, Mich. arb. for. 1. p. l65.

This species becomes also a large tree, and bears much resemblance to
the preceding. Its leaves are pinnate, leaflets oblong-lanceolate, (15 — 19)
very pubescent. The habit and fructification very similar to that of the pre-
ceding species, but the fruit is oblong, with a protuberant summit; the nut
oblong, acuminate, much more deeply and irregularly sculptured. The
wood, though somewhat similar to that of the Black Walnut, is said to be in-
ferior. The decoction of its bark has long been used and celebrated in the
Northern States as a cathartic medicine. Its nuts are so oily and so soon
grow rancid, that I believe they are never eaten.

This tree, so commonly known to the inhabitants of the United States as
the Butter-Nut, is said by Michaux to inhabit the mountains of Carolina and
Georgia. I believe it has never been found along the sea-coast of these two
States.

Grows in fertile soils.

Flowers in April.

CARYA. NUTTALL.

Masculi. Amentum
imbricatum, composi-
tum. Calyx squama.
Corolla 0. Stamina
4—8.

Foeminei, Calyx 4-
fidus, superus. Corolla
0. Stylus 0. Stigma
4-lobatum. Pericarpi-
um quadrivalve. Nux
subquadrangularis, lae-
vis.

Sterile Jlorets. A-
ment imbricate, com-
pound. Calyx a scale.
Corolla 0. Stamens 4 —
8-

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 4-cleft, superior.
Corolla 0. Style 0.
Stigma 4-lobed. Peri-
carp 4-valved. Nut
somewhat quadrangu-
lar, smooth.

624

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

1. Sulcata. Willd.

C. foliolis subnove-
nis, obovato-laiiceola-
tis,acuminatis, serratis,
subtus pubescentibus;
fructibus subrotundis
4-cannatis, nuce oblon-
ga, laeviter compressa,
longe miicrouata.

Leaflets generally 9,
obovale-lanceolate, a-
cuminate, serrate, pu-
bescent underneath;
fruit nearly round, 4-
angled, nut oblong,
slightly compressed,
conspicuously mucro-
nate.

Julians Sulcata, Sp. pi. 4. p. 457. Pursh, 2. p. 637.

J. Mucronata, Mich. 2. p. 192.

Icon. J. Laciniosa, Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 199.

A large tree when growing in fertile soils, 60 — 80 feet high, 2 — 4
feet in diameter. Leaves pinnate, leaflets 7 — 9- Sterile aments 3-parted,
pendulous, 4 to 6 inches long. Scales 3-parted. Stamens 4 — 6. Fertile
florets terminal. Nut oblong, conspicuously pointed, with a tapering sum-
mit, angled, covered with a very thick, 4-parted pericarp.

This, like all of the other species of Hickory, grows only in fertile soils.
It is rare in the low country of Carolina; but the greater part of our hicko-
ries resemble each other so closely in their leaves, and vary so much in their
fruit, that it is very difficult to discriminate the species. This is remarkable
for the thickness of its pericarp, from whence it is frequently called "thick-
shelled Hickory. Its nuts are well flavoured.

Flowers April.

2. Alba. Lin

C. foliolis quinis sep-
tenisve, longe petiolatis,
Oblongo-lanceolatis, a-
cuminatis, argute ser-
ratis, subtus villosis;
amentis filiformibus,
glabris; fructibus de-
presso-globosis; nuce
compressa.

Leaflets 5 or 7, on
long petioles, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate,
sharply serrate, villous
underneath; aments fi-
liform, glabrous; fruit
depressed, globular;
nut compressed.

Nutt. 2. p. 221.
Juglans Alba, Lin.
2. p. 637.

Sp. pi. ed. prior, p. 14—1.'^. Mich. 2. p. 193. Pursh,

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

625

Juglans Compressa, Willd. Sp. pi. 4. p. 458.
Icon. J. Squamosa, Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 190.

One of the largest and most valuable trees of this genus, remarkaJble for
the exfoliation of the epidermis in old trees, whence it has acquired the name
of shag or shaggy-barked Hickory. Leaves alternate, pinnate, leaflets 5 — 7>
large, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, finely serrate. Ament of the sterile flo-
rets 3-parted, long, pendulous. Female flowers terminal. Nut nearly sphe-
rical, with two sides flattened and somewhat angled, the shell thinner than
that of most of the other species of this genus. Pericarp thin, 4-parted, glo-
bular, depressed at the summit.

The timber of this tree is much used and valued wherever a close grained,
stroncf, elastic fibre is required. It decays, however, quickly when exposed
to the weather. Its nuts are preferred for tlje table to those of any other
species.

Grows in fertile soils. I have never seen it along the sea-coast of Caro-
lina or Georgia. Around Columbia, however, it begins to appear, and pro-
bably multiplies as you approach the Mountains.

Flowers April.

3. ToMENTosA. JVIichaux.

C. foliolis sub-septe-
nis novenisve, obovato-
lanceolatis, aciuninatis,
laeviter serratis, siibtus
piibentissimis, sub-
scabris; amentis filifor-
niibus, tomentosis; fruc-
tibus sub-globosis, lae-
vibus; mice sub-sexan-
gulata, putamine crassa
durissima.

Leaflets generally 7
or 9, obovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate, slight-
ly serrate, pubescent
underneath, slightly
scabrous; ament fili-
form, tomentose; fruit
nearly spherical,

smooth; nut somewhat
6-angled, the shell
thick and very hard.

Nuttall, 2. p. 221.

Juglans Tomentosa, Mich. 2. p. 192. Pursh, 2. p. 637.
J. Alba, Willd. Sp. pi. 4. p. 457- Walt. p. 235.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 184.

A large tree. Leaves pinnate, leaflets sometimes only 5, generally 7,
pubescent on the upper surface along the veins, very pubescent underneath,
almost tomentose; pubescence, as in all of the species of this genus, stellu-
lar. Ament of the sterile florets 3-parted, long, very tomentose. (Scales
2-parted, and with a dorsal bractea resembling a 3-parted calyx?) Stamens
■■3' Fruit large. Nut compressed, somewhat oval, with 4 prominent angles

VOL. II. K 4

626

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

on the sides, and 2 obscure ones on the ends. Pericarp thick, separating
into 4 parts.

This is the most common species of this genus in the Southern States,
and that which is in general exclusively meant by the generic iiame of Hick-
ory; all of the other species have some peculiar epithet to distinguish them.
The wood of this species, like that of the preceding, is used for many pur-
poses by the Wheelwright, Millwright and Carpenter, and for fuel, the
different species of hickory are preferred in this country to all other wood,
one or two species of oak perhaps excepted. The nut of this species is well
flavoured.

The variety Maxima, Nutt. distinguished by its very large fruit, grows,
though sparingly, on the sea-islands.

It is certainly singular, that shoots of this species of Carya should be found
disseminated over extensive tracts of pine barren, where it is very rare to
discover a tree large enough to bear fruit. They are called Hickory Grubs,
and are supposed to indicate a soil adapted for cultivation.

Grows in rich soils.

Flowers April.

4. Amara. Mich.

C. foliolis subnove-
nis, ovato-oblongis, a-
cuminatis, argute ser-
ratis, utrinque glabris;
fructibus sub-globosis,
iiuce laevij mucronata;
putamine fragili.

Leaflets generally 9,
ovate oblong, acumi-
nate, acutely serrate,
glabrous on both sur-
faces; fruit nearly sphe-
rical; nut smooth, mu-
cronate, with the shell
fragile.

Nutt. 2. p. 222.

Juglans Amara. Pursh, 2. p. 638.

Icon. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 177-

A large tree. Leaves pinnate, leaflets generally 9, sessile, oblong-Ian-
ceolatc, large, acutely serrate, glabrous on both surfaces, except the nerves^
and midrib, which are pubescent, almost tomentose. Fruit globular, the
nut almost obcordate, very bitter, enclosed in a pericarp which in general is
only divided to the middle.

This species grows generally in very flat rich soils; and in the Southern
States is, I believe as remarked by Michaux, universally confounded with
the next species.

Flowers April.

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

5. PoRciNA. Mich.

627

C. foliolis sub-septe-
nis, lanceolatis, acumi-
natis, serratis, utiinque
glabris, friictibiis par-
vulis; nuce laevi, diiris-
sima.

Nutt. 2. p. 222.

Juglans Porcina, Pursh, 2. p. 638.
J. Obcordata and J. Glabra, Willd.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 206.

A very large tree, growing 70 — 80 feet in height, and in favourable soils
frequently occurring 3 — 4 feet in diameter. Leaves pinnate, leaflets 7 — 9;
smaller, narrower, and more glabrous than those of the C. Tomentosa. Fruit
small, varying much. Nut oblong or spherical, very bitter, with a hard
shelL

This tree, in the low country of Carolina and Georgia, generally grows to
a larger size than any other species. It is found along the margins of
swamps, or on the flat knowls with which our swamps are frequently broken,
and is commonly known as the Swamp or Pignut Hickory.

Flowers April.

Leaflets generally 7,
lanceolate, aenminate,
serrate, glabrous on
both surfaces; fruit
small; nut smooth, very
hard.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 458.

6. Aquatica. Mich.

C. foliolis sub-unde-
nis, angusto oblique-
lanceolatis, acuminatis,
sub-serratis, glabris
sessilibus; fructibus pe-
dunculatis, ovatis, sutu-
ris 4, prominulis, nuce
subrotunda, compressa.

Leaflets generally
eleven, narrow and ob-
liquely lanceolate, acu-
minate, slightly serrate,
glabrous, sessile; fruit
on peduncles, ovate,
sutures 4, prominent;
nut nearly round, com-
pressed.

Pursh, 2. p. 638. Nutt. 2. p. 222.
Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 182.

A tree growing 40 — 50 feet high, and resembling in its habit the other
species of this genus. Leaves pinnate, leaflets 9 — 13 long, very narrow
aud obliquely lanceolate, very acute, slightly acuminate, serrate, more gla-
brous than those of any other species of Carya, except the midrib, which is

628

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

tomentose, the lateral ones sessile, the terminal petiolate. Fruit on short
peduncles, ovate, nearly round. Pericarp and Nut both with prominent
angles; shell of the nut thin, kernel very bitter.

This tree is, I believe, exclusively confined to swamps. In the midst of
forests it is easily overlooked and confounded with other species. But it is
very frequently Ibund on the margin of rivers hanging over the stream, and
is then generally a crooked, stunted tree.

Grows very abundantly along the Ogeechee River.

Flowers April.

7. MYRisTiCiEFORMis. Mich.

C. foliolis quinis, o-
vato-lanceolatis, acu-
minatis, serratis, glab-
ris, imparl sub-sessili;
fructibus ovalibus, ru-

foso-scabris;niice ovali;
revi-acuminata, sulca-
to-lineata, durissima.

Pursh, 2. p. 638. Nutt. 2. p. 222.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 211.

Nothing is yet known of this species but what is contained in the very va-
luable work of Michaux the younger, on the Forest Trees of North America.

The specimens of the tree and nut which he obtained in Charleston, had
been collected on Mr. Izard's plantation near Goose Creek, and appear to
be sufficiently distinct from the Pignut Hickory. Many searches have since
been unsuccessfully made for this tree; and we only notice it to invite the
further inquiries of those who feel an interest in our Botany.

Flowers probably in April,

Leaflets 5, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate,
serrate, glabrous, the
terminal one sessile;
fruit oval, rugose, scab-
rous, nut oval, slightly
acuminate, furrowed,
very hard.

ARUM. Gen. Pl. 1387.

Spatha monophylla,
cucullata. Spadix su-
pra nudus, inferne foe-
mineus, medio stamin-
eus. Calyx et Co-
rolla 0. Bacca 1 aut
polysperma.

Spathe one-leaved,
cucullate. Spadix na-
ked at the summit,
bearing sterile florets
in the middle, fertile
beneath. Calyx and
Corolla 0. Berry one
or more seeded.

MONOECiA POLYANDRIA.

1. Dracontium. Lin.

629

A. acaule; foliis pe-
datis, folioiis lanceola-
tis, oblongis, integerri-
mis; spadice subulate,
spalha oblonga coiivo-
luta longiore.

Steuiless; leaves pe-
date, leaflets lanceo-
late oblong, entire;
spadix subulate, longer
than the obiong convo-
lute spathe.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 478. Walt. p. 224. Mich. 2. p. 188. Pursh, 2. p. 399-
Nutt. 2. p. 222.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem 0. Leaf 1? Petiole twelve to eigh-
teen inches high, sheathing for one half of its length the scape, and termi-
nating in a pedate leaf (or rather dichotomous) at the summit, each branch
bearing 4 or 5 leaflets, and 1 always in the division of the pt-tiole. Leaflets
oblong-lanceolate, slightly acuminate, glabrous, thin, very entire. Scape 1,
nearly a foot long. Spathe short, convolute. Spadix bearing fertile flow-
ers at base, crowded with stamens immediately above, and terminating in a
naked subulate summit 4 — 6 inches long. Seeds —

This species grows in rich lands, generally in high river swamps.

Flowers —

Stemless; leaves qui-
nate, lanceolate, acumi-'
nate.

2. QuiNATUM. Nutt.

A. acaule? foliis
quinatis, lanceolatis,
acuminatis.

Nutt. 2. p. 222.

With this species I am unacquainted. It was discovered by Dr. Baldwin
in the southern district of Georgia, and appears to be nearly allied to the A.
Triphyllura.

Flowers —

3. Triphyllum. Lin.

A. acaule; foliis ter-
natis, folioiis ovatis, a-
cuminatis, integerri-
mis; spadice clavato,
spatha ovata acumina-

Stemless; leaves ter-
nate, leaflets ovate, a-
cuminate, entire; spad-
ix clavate, about half
as long as the ovate, a-

630

MONOECIA POYLANDRIA.

ta, plana, pedunculata,
dimidio-breviore; spa-
dicibus foemineis stam-
iniferisqiie plerumque
distinctis.

cuminate, flat, pedun-
culate spathe; fertile
and sterile spadix fre-
quently distinct.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 480. Walt. p. 224. Mich. 2. p. 188. Pursh 2. p. 399.
INutt. 2. p. 222.

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem 0. Petioles about 1 foot high, sheath-
ing at base, and inclosing the base of the scape, and sometimes of younger
leaves. Leaves ternate, leaflets oval-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, glabrous,
the lateral ones sometimes oblique. Scape 8 — 12 inches high. Spathe at
base somewhat tubular, expanding at the summit into a flat ovate, acuminate,
blade. Spadix scarcely longer than the tube of the spathe, bearing gene-
rally either germs or stamens near the base, the summit thick cylindrical or
clavate. Berries scarlet, 3 — 4 seeded.

The sterile and fertile scapes are said to grow from the same root, (Lin.)
more probably dioecious, (Nutt.)

The spathe is sometimes purple handsomely striped with white; some-
times green with a purple border; sometimes green.

Grows in rich soils generally in shaded places.

Flowers March.

4. ViRGiNicuM. Lin.

A. acaule; foliis ob-
longis, hastato cordatis,
acutis, lobis obtusis,
spatlia elongata incur-
va; spadice superne
lonorius masculifloro.

Stemless; leaves ob-
long, hastate cordate,
acute, with the lobes
obtuse; spathe long, in-
curved; spadix for a
long distance from the
summit bearing sterile
flowers.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 484. Walt. p. 224. Pursh 2. p. 399. Nutt. 2. p. 222.
Calla Virginica, Mich. 2. p. 187.

Root tuberous perennial. Leaves 12 — 15 inches long, slightly acumi-
nate, entire, very glabrous, cordate, with the lobes sometimes hastate, some-
times straight, generally obtuse. Petioles nearly 12 inches long, slieathing
the scape at base. Scapes many from one root 12 — 18 inches long. Spathe
ong, acute, slightly repand or undulate along the margin, closely embracing
the spadix. Spadix nearly as long as the spathe. Berry many seeded.

Grows in swamps and marshy soils, very common.

Flowers April — May

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

631

5. Walteri?

A. acaule foliis sa-
gittatis, triangiilis, an-
gulis clivaricatis, acu-
tis.

224.

Stemless; leaves

sa-

gittate, triangular, the
angles divaricate, a-
cute.

A. Sagittifolium, Walt. p.

Intermingled with the preceding species is found the one which I have
always supposed to be the A. Sagittifolium of Walter. The leaves, when
fully grown, are larger than those of A. Virginicum, triangular, with divari-
cate long, very acute lobes. Between the mature leaves of this and the pre-
ceding species the distinction is strong, the young and small leaves frequent-
ly resemble each other. In the spathe and spadix I have noticed no differ-
ence.

Grows in swamps.

Flowers April — May.

CALADIUM. Ventenat.

Masculu Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Anther ce
peltatae, multiloculares,
in spicam acl apieem
spadicis compositae.

Foeminei, Calyx 0.
Corolla 0. Qerraina
ad basin spadicis inser-
ta. Stylus 0. Bacca
unilocularis, polysper-
ma.

1. Glaucum? E.

C. acaule; foliis glau-
cis, hastato cordatis, a-
cuminatis, lobis oblon-
gis, obtusis; spatha cu-
cullata, superne ovali-

Sterile Jlorets. Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla 0. An-
thers peltate, many
celled, collected in a
spike at the summit of
the spadix.

Fertile Florets. Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla 0.
Germs inserted at the
base of the spadix.
Style 0. Berry one-
celled, many seeded.

Stemless:

leaves

glaucous, hastate cord-
ate, acuminate, lobes
oblong, obtuse, spathe
cucuUate, the summit

632

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

lanceolata, alba, spad-
ice longioie.

oval lanceolate, white,
longer than the spadix.

Caladium Sagittifolium, Nutt. 2. p. 222.
Calla Sagittifolia, Mich. 2. p. 187.
Arum Sagittifolium, Pursh 2. p. 399-

Root tuberous, perennial. Petioles 12 — 15 inches long. Leaves hastate
cordate, abruptly acuminate, entire, glaucous particularly on the under sur-
face, the lobes long, slightly divaricate, generally obtuse, and with the leaf
from 5 — 7 inches long. Scape about as long as the petioles. Spathe some-
what tubular at base, dilated at the summit, cucullate, very white. Spadix
longer than the tube. Female florets at base. Male Jlowers numerous, ex-
tending to the summit of the spadix. Anthers many (covered by a peltate
operculum?) Beri'ies many seeded, red?

This plant is certainly neither of the species of Esculent Arum to which
Linnaeus refers. It is smaller than the Arum Virginicum, and like the Calla
Ethiopica, which it somewhat resembles, merits culture as an ornamental
plant. Considering it a North-American species, I have ventured to im-
pose on it a new name.

In the low country of Carolina and Georgia it is rare. I have only seen
it in the neighbourhood of Savannah, where it formerly grew abundantly
about a mile to the south-east of the city, in springing, spungy soils.

Flowers Mav — June.

PINUS. Gen. Pl. 1451.

Masculi, Calyx 4-
phyllus. Corolla 0.
Stamina plurima. An-
ther oi nudae.

Foeminei, Calyx
strobilus sive conns.
Scjuama 2-flora. Corol-
la 0. Putillum 1. Nux
ala membranacea anc-
ta.

* Pinus* Squamis
strohili apice incrassa-
tis, angulosis et umbili-
catu.

Sterile florets. Ca"
lyx 4-leaved. Corolla
0. Stamens numerous.
Anthe7^s naked.

Fertile florets, Ca-'
lyx a strobilus or cone,
the scales 2-flowered.
Corolla 0. Pistil 1.
Nut enlarged by

enlarged
membranaceous wing.

a

* Pines, Scales of
the cone thickened at
the summit, angled and
umhilicate.

monoecia monadelphia.

633

1. Inops. Aiton.

P. foliis brevibus ge-
minis; strobilis reciir-
vis, oblongo-conicis,
longitudiiie foliorum, a-
culeissquamaium subu-
latis, rectis.

Leaves short by
pairs; cones recurved,
oblong, as long as the
leaves, spines of the
scales subulate,

straight.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 496. Mich. 2. p. 204. Pursh 2. p. 640. Nutt. 2. p. 223.
P. Squarrosa? Walt. p. 237?
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 58.

A small tree, rarely attaining the height of 30 or 40 feet, and 12 — 15
inches in diameter, with scattered, tough, flexible and smooth branches.
Leaves, as in all of the genus linear, acute, 1 — 2 inches long, united in pairs
in each seath. Cone ovate, about 2 inches long; spines near the summit
of the scales subulate, straight, acute.

This is a scrubby species of pine, and its wood is said to be of little value.
It is said by Pursh to grow in Carolina; and it is probably one of the 2-leav-
ed species described by Walter. I have, however, never seen it in the low
country of Carolina or Georgia.

Grows in dry gravelly soils.

Flowers —

2. Variabilis.

P. foliis elongatis
binis ternatisque ten-
uibus, canaliculatis;
strobilis ovato-conicis
subsolitariis; squama-
rum aculeis incurvis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 498. Pursh, 2. p. 643.

P. Mitis, Mich. 2. p. 204.

P. Glabra? Walt. p. 237-

Icon. P. Mitis, Mich. arb. for. p. 52.

A large tree, sometimes growing 70 — 80 feet in height, and '^—S (eet in
diameter, more disposed to branch near the surface of the ground than is
common in this genus, and it therefore is only in very thick woods that it is
found with a straight naked stem. Leaves generally 2 in each sheath,
(sometimes 3 on young branches, Mich.) 4 — 5 inches long, of a darker green
than those of our other pines. Cones small, solitary, not exceeding 2 — 3
inches in length.

VOL. H. L 4

Leaves by pairs and
by threes, slender,
channelled; cones ge-
nerally solitary; spines
of the scales incurved.

Nutt. 2. p. 223.

634

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

This species is, I believe, universally known along the sea-coast of CarO'
lina and Georgia as the spruce or short-leaved pine. The name of yellow
pine is, with us, exchisively applied to the Pinus Palustris. The timber of
this tree is not valued. Indeed, I know not that I have ever seen it applied
to any use whatever. This, however, may be caused by the abundance
which we possess of the very superior Pinus Palustris.

Grows along the sea-coast of Carolina and Georgia only in the most fer-
tile soils — becoming there a tree of great magnitude.

Flowers April.

3. RiGlDA.

P. foliis ternis, vagi-
iiis abbreviatis; ameii-
tis masculis ereclo-in-
cumbentibus; slrobilis
ovatis^ sparsis vel ag-
gregatisj squamarum
aculeis reflexis.

Leaves by threes,
the sheaths short; ste-
rile aments incumbent
nearly erect; cones o-
vate, scattered or chis-
tered, spines of the
scales reflexed.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 498. Pursh, 2 p. 643. Nutt. 2. p. 223.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. p. 89-

A large tree, growing sometimes from 70 — 100 feet in height, and 2 — 3
in diameter. Leaves 4 — 6 inches long. Cones generally clustered 2 — 4
inches long, the scales with acute rigid spines, and closing strongly on each
other.

This tree is not very common in the low country of Carolina, where it
generally grows intermingled with trees of other kinds not forming forests
exclusively of pine. The variety with clustered cones is very conspicuous;
and if it really belongs to this species, appears also to vary in having its
scales more loosely imbricate.

Michaux remarks, that on the ridges of the Mountains this pine is some-
times exclusively found for many miles — that the cones in such situations
are solitary and the tree small. The timber is inferior to that of several
other species.

Flowers April.

4. Serotina. Miclj.

P. fohis elongatis;

a- Leaves long, by

mentis masculis erecto threes; sterile aments

incumbentibus; strobilis incumbentneaiiy erect;

sphaeroideo - ovatis, cones spheroidal-ovate,

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

636

squamaruni aculeis rec-
tis, tenuissimis.

Mich. 2. p. 205. Sp. pi, 4. p. 499.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 86.

spines of the scales
straight, slender.

Pursh, 2. p. 643. Nutt. 2. p. 223.

A small tree, sparingly disseminated in close or damp poor soils, rarely
exceeding 30 — 40 feet in height, or 12 — 15 inches in diameter. Leaves 3
in each sheath 6 — 8 inches long. Cofie 3 to 4 inches long, globular, fre-
quently opposite on the small branches, with the scales closely imbiicate,
not opening and dischctrging the seed before the second year: sometimes, ac-
cording to Mich, not until the third or fourth year.

This species in habit, leaf, bark and colour, resembles the young or stint-
ed loblolly pines (P. Tseda) so much, that the cone alone appears to distin-
guish them. The cone resembles that of G. Rigida in some respects, but it
is larger and more globular, and I think the leaves are longer than those of
that species.

Grows around ponds and in damp soils.

Flowers April.

5. PuNGENS. Lambert.

P. fohis geniinis,
brevibus, acutis; strobi-
lis ovato-conicis, acu-
leis squamaruni elonga-
tis, subulatis, incurvis,
inferioribus refiexis.

Pursh, 2. p. 643. Nutt. 2. p. 223.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 6l.

Leaves by pairs,
short, acute; cones o-
vate-conical, spines of
the scales long, subu-
late, incurved, the low-
er reflexed.

A tree 40 — 50 feet high, 1 — 2 feet in diameter, with many irregular
branches. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, 2 in each sheath, somewhat rigid.
Cones ovate, sessileT, 3 — 4 in a cluster. Scales closely imbricate, armed
with large, rigid, acute spines.

Of this tree I have no personal knowledge: I am even uncertain whether
it grows within the limits assigned to this work. The knob of the Alleghany
Mountains however, generally known as the Table Mountain, is in South-
Carolina. Mr. Nuttall considers its habitat as confined to the high ridges
around the sources of the Catawba, North-Carolina; and perhaps from some
summit in that neighbourhood it uiay have taken its popular name of Table
Mountain Pine.

I think it probable, however, that it may be found on some of the high
ridges of the Cherokee Mountains.

Flowers —

636 MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

6. TiEDA. Lin.

P. foliis elongatis,
ternis, vaginis elonga-
tis, strobilis oblongo-
conicis, deflexis, folio
brevioiibus, spinis in-
flexis.

Leaves long, by
threes, the sheaths
long; cones oblong-co-
nical, deflexed, shorter
than the leaves; spines
inflexed.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 498. Mich. 2. p. 205. Pursh, 2. p. 644. Nutt. 2. p. 223

This is probably the largest species of pine in the Southern States. Along
the margins of swamps it grows sometimes upwards of an hundred feet in
l»€ight, and 3 feet in diameter. I have measured the trunk of one, which
was 72 or 3 feet long without a branch. Its bark is thicker and coarser and
more deeply furrowed than that of any species. Leaves 6 — 10 inches, 3 in
a sheath. Cones 2 — 5 inches long, conical. Scales loosely imbricate,
armed with a rigid spine.

This species is very abundant in South-Carolina and Georgia, along the
sea-coast perhaps even more common than the P. Palustris. Its wood is
used for all of the purposes to which that species is applied; but the heart or
real wood is much smaller in proportion to its diameter, and even in its best
state it IS very inferior. It is therefore only as a substitute that it is em-
ployed where the P. Palustris cannot be readily obtained. There is so little
rosin in this pine, that when dead it decays entirely and forms no lightwood.
Its seed is dispersed so easily and so universally over the country, that all
lands which are thrown out of cultivation are immediately covered with this
tree, intermingled however if the soil be sandy with the P. Palustris.

Var. Heterophylla.

Along the marshes near the mouths of the fresh-water rivers, (at least in
Georgia) this pine is very common. It is frequently called the smooth-bark
Loblolly Pine. It becomes occasionally a very large tree; its bark is as
smooth as that of P. Palustris but in longer scales; it has more sap-wood
than any of our pines, and its leaves I have found in some instances by twos
and threes indiscriminately mingled even on the old branches. Not having
kad an opportunity of seeing Lambert's splendid monograph on the genus
Pinus, I was, until lately, accustomed to consider this as his P. Variabilis.

This species, (as all I believe of the real pines) bears aments of sterile flow-
ers in clusters at the summit of the branches, the calyx yellow, tinged more
or less with violet, the flowers when mature discharge so much pollen, that
surface of stagnant pools appears to be almost covered with this ''yellow
dust." Even in the streets of Charleston, after heavy storms, I have seen
small pools margined with the pollen which had been born by the winds
across the adjacent rivers.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

63'

Grows in damp soils and those that are partially mingled with other for-
est trees. Much of the land bearing this pine is fertile, and becomes produc-
tive when well drained and broken up.

Flowers early in April.

7. Palustris.

P. foliis ternis, lou-
gissimis, stipulis pinna-
tifidis, ramentaceis, per-
sistentibiis; strobilis
subcylindraceis muri-
catis.

Leaves by ihreeSy
very long; stipules pin-
nalifid, ramentaceous,
persistent; cones some-
what cylindrical, nuiri-

cate:

Sp. pi. 4. p. 449. Walt. p. 237. Midi. 2. p. 204. Pursh, 2. p. 644
Nutt. 2. p. 223.

Icon. P. Australis, Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 64.'

This fine tree generally grows from 80 — 100 feet in height, and from 24
— 30 inches in diameter. Its trunk is usually from 40 — 50 feet without
branches. Its bark is smoother than common in this genus, and divided into
an innumerable quantity of thin scales, which appear to be constantly exfo-
liating. Leaves 3 in each sheath, those of the old trees about 12 inches
long, those of the young tree frequently 18. Cojie 6 — 10 inches long, cylin-
drical or conical, the scales separating and discharging their seed early in
the fall. This tree is almost universally distinguished in the two Southern
States as the Yellow Pine; it is sometimes called the Long-leaved Pine, and
sometimes Pitch Pine. It is more extensively used than any other species
of timber we possess. For the frames, the covering, and even the roofing of
houses, it is used wherever cypress cannot be obtained; for the flooring of
houses, it is preferred to any wood that is known. It is extensively used in
ship-building, for the beams, plank, and running timber of vessels. It is used
to make the casks in which we ship our rice, and the fencing of our planta-
tions.

This tree contains more rosin than an}' other species of pine: the fibre is
sometimes protected from the operations of the atmosphere by the abundant
formation of this substance; and when the tree begins to decay, portions of
the trunk in whicli this rosin has accumulated; knots at the junction of the
branches or callosities where injuries have been sustained, are converted into
lightwood: this, when charred afterwards by the annual fires which run
through our forests, become almost imperishal)ie. The large pieces are
used for the sills of houses, the smaller for posts, and the irregular fragments
are used for fuel or as torches, or are employed in the manufacture of Tar.
From the sap of the living tree most of the turpentine of commerce is ob-
tained.

The name originally imposed on this species is unfortimate, as it produces
a false impression, and has been the source of error to foreigners, if not to
')ur own countrymen. If an inhabitant of the Southern States, ignorant o

638

MONOECIA MONADELYHIA.

Botany, should be interrogated respecting the P. Palustris or Swamp Pine,
he would instantly revert to the P. Tteda, and his answers would be drawn
from that species.

Grows in dry sandy soils, where the sub-soil however, though 2 or 3 feet
below the surface is usually of clay, covering nearly all of the ridges along
the coast of Carolina and Georgia within 120 miles of the ocean. Where-
ever tlie land becomes moist or fertile, the P. Taeda, and sometimes the P.
Rigida encroach upon it.

Flowers April.

8. Strobus. Lin.

P. foliis quinis gra-
cilibus, vaginis brevis-
simis; strobilis pendii-
lis, cylindraceis, folio
longioribiis, sqiiamis
laxis.

Leaves by fives,
slender, sheaths very
short; cones pendulous^
cylindrical, longer than
the leaf, scales loose.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 501. Mich. 2. p. 205. Pursh, 2. p. 644. Nutt. 2, p. 223.
Icon. Mich. aib. for. 1. p.

This tree attains a greater size than any other species of North-American
Pine. It has been known to grow upwards of 140 feet in height, and from
6 — 7 in diameter. The bark is smoother than that of the 3-leafed pines, and
the aspect of the tree somewhat different. Leaves about 4 inches long,
pale, almost glaucous green, 5 in a cluster, confined by a sheath scarcely a
line long. Cones solitary', much longer than the leaves, the scales very
loosely imbricate, and unarmed at the sunnnit.

The wood of this tree is very extensively used; it is soft, fine grained and
light, and free from turpentine; it is therefore used for all the interior work
of houses except the floors, and in the Northern States for the covering, and
even for the frames. From its size and lightness it is preferred for the masts •
of vessels to all other wood. To the 3'ellow pine (P. Palustris) it is hiferior
in strength, in hardness, and in durability.

This tree perhaps attains its greatest size in the States of Maine, New-
Hampshire and Vermont. In the Soutliern States it is confined to the ridges
of the Alleghany Mountains, and I beheve there does not attain to any great
size.

Grows (on the declivities of Mountains) in damp sphagnous soils along
the margins of streams.

Flowers April — May.

** Abies, Foliis

^^ jP/r. Leaves

solitoriis, bast distinct- solitcn^y, distinct at
is; coni SQuamis Icem- base, scales of the cone

smooth f tapering.

is; com squamis
bus, attenuatis.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

639

9. Balsamea.

P. foliis solitariis,
planis, emarginatis in-
tegrisve, subtus glaiicis,
subpectinatis, supra
sub^rectis, recurvato-
patentibus; conis cylin-
draceis erectis, bracte-
oiis abbreviatis obova-
lis, longe mucionatis,
subserrulatis.

Leaves solitary, flat,
emarginate or entire,
glaucous underneath,
somewhat pectinate, at
the summit nearly e-
rect, below recurved,
expanding; cones cy-
lindrical, erect; brac-
teas short, obovate,
mucronate, slightly ser-
rulate.

Nutt. 2. p. 223.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 504. Piirsh, 2. p. 659.
Abies Balsamifera, Mich. 2. p. 207.

A small tree, rarely exceeding 30 to 40 feet in height, from 12 to 1;3 inch-
es in diameter; the leaves 6 to 10 lines long, solitary, bright green on the up-
per surface, glaucous underneath. Cone solitary, erect, somewhat cylin-
drical. The scales closely and handsomely imbricate, with the margins
thin and smooth.

This species, like all the rest of the firs, is only to be found in the South-
ern States on the highest summits of the AUegh&ny Mountains. The P.
Fraseri of Pursh seems only to be a variety of this species. It is commonly
called the Silver Fir, Balm of Gilead, or Balsam Fir.

Flowers April — May.

10. Canadensis. Lin.

P. foliis solitariis,
planis, denticulatis, sub
distichis; strobilis ova-
tis, terminalibus, vix
folio longioribus.

Leaves solitary, flat,
denticulate, some^vhat
distichous; cones ovate
terminal, scarcely long-
er than the leaf.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 505. Pursh, 2. p. 640. Nutt. p. 223.

Abies Canadensis, Mich. 2. p. 206.

Icon Abies Canadensis, Mich. arb. for. 1. p. ISf.

This tree, in favourable situations, attains a large size, and is found 70 —
80 feet high and 2 — 3 in diameter; its branches are generally horizontal, and
the leaves irregularly distichous, and somewhat crowded near the extremi-
ties of the branches which are also distichous. Leaven 6 — 8 lines long, flat,

640

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA-

glabrous, though pubescent when young. Cones very small, terminal, with
smooth imbricate scales.

Even when this tree is abundant its wood is little valued. Its grain is
said by Michaux to be irregular and almost spirally contorted, and it decays
soon when exposed to the weather. It is therefore only used where better
timber cannot be procured. Its bark is extensively used for tanning, and is
valuable though inferior to the oak. It is generally known as the Hemlock
Spruce, or Pine.

In the Southern States this tree is confined to the highest ridges and val-
lies of the Alleghany Mountains.

Flowers April — May.

11. Nigra. Aiton.

P. foliis solitariis,
tetragonis, iindique
sparsis, erectis, strictis;
strobilis ovatis, sqiiam-
is ellipticis, margine
undulatis, apice eroso-
denticulatis.

Leaves solitary, 4-
angled, scattered on all
sides, erect, straight;
cones ovate, scales el-
liptic, undulate along
the margin, the summit
denticulate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 506. Pursh, 2. p. 640. Nutt. 2. p. 223.

Abies Denticulata, Mich. 2. p. 206.

Icon. Abies Nigra. Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 123.

This fir, in favourable situations, also becomes a fine tree, attaining some-
times 60 — 80 feet in height, and 12 — 18 inches in diameter, generally form-
ing a handsome pyramid at summit. Leaves very numerous, scarcely ex-
ceeding half an inch in length, of a very dark green. Cones oval, 1 — 2
inches long, growing near the extremities of the small branches, generally
turned towards the earth. Scales imbricate, broad, the margins crenulate
or divided.

The tall slender bodies of this tree are extensively used for the spars of
vessels, and from its 3'oung branches principally the spruce of commerce is
prepared. In the s;)hagnous swamps among the Mountains in the north-
eastern districts ot' the United States, the fir is very abundant. In the South-
ern States it is rare, and confined to the high ridges of the Alleghany Moun-
tains.

Flowers April — May.

12. Alba. Aiton.

P. foliis solitariis te- I Leaves solitary, 4-
tragonis, incurvis; stro- 1 angied, incurved; cones

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

641

bills subcylindricis, lax-
is, squamis obovatis,

integerrimis.

nearly cylindrical,

loose, the scales obo-
vate, entire.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 507. Pursh, 2. p. 641. Nutt. 2. p. 223.

Abies Alba. Mich. 2. 207.

Icon. Abies Alba. Mich. aib. for. 1. p. 133.

A small tree 40 to 50 feet high, from 12 to 15 inches in diameter. Leaves
5 to 8 lines long, less crowded than those of the preceding species, pale or
slightly glaucous. Cone^ slender, oblong, about 2 inches loing, turned to-
wards the earth. Scales broad, imbricate, the margin very entire.

Grows with the preceding species.

Flowers April — May.

THUJA. Gen. Pl. 1457.

Mascidi. Amentum
imbricatum. Calyx

squama. Corolla 0.

Anther^ce 4.

Foeminei, Amentum
strobilaceum. Calyx
squama, 2-flora. Co-
rolla 0. Nux 1, cincta
ala marginata.

1. OcciDENTALis. Lin.

T. ramulis ancipiti-
bus; foliis quadrifariam
imbricatis, ovato-

rhombeis, adpressis,
nudis, tuberculatis;

strobilis obovatis, squa-
mis interioribus trunca-
tis, infra apicem gibbo-
sis.

Sterile florets. Anient
imbricate. Calyx a
scale. Corolla 0* An-
thers 4.

Fertile florets, A-
ment a cone. Calyx a
scale, 2-flowered. Co-
rolla 0. Nut J, sur-
rounded with a wing.

Branches ancipitous;
leaves imbricate in 4
rows, ovate-rhomboi-
dal, appressed, naked,
tuberculate; cones obo-
vate, interior scales
truncate, gibbous be-
low the summit.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 508. Walt. p. 238. Mich. 2. p. 209- Pursh, 2. p. 646.
Nutt. 2. p. 224.

Icon. Mich. aib. for. 3, p. 29.
VOL. II. M 4

642

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

A small tree, sometimes however reaching the height of 40 — 50 feet,
and about 2 feet in diameter, with spreading irregular branches, the small
branches generally somewhat distichous. Leaves perennial, resembling
small ovate scales, imbricate, in four rows, and closely appressed. Aments
of sterile flowers oblong, somewhat conical. Cone oblong, terminating the
small branches, composed of scales loosely imbricate, and opening down to
the base. Seeds small, winged, and emarginate.

The wood of this tree is said by Michaux to be one of the most durable
which our forests produce; it is therefore eagerly sought after, and employed
for the posts and rails of enclosures, and for every purpose to which its small
and generally irregular trunk can be applied.

In the Southern States it is confined like the firs to the high Mountains,
and to the margin of the mountain streams, and, I believe, enters very little
into the domestic economy of our farmers.
^ Flowers in May.

CUPRESSUS. Gen. Pl. 1458.

Masculi. Amentum
imbricatum. Calyx
squama. Corolla 0.
Antherce 4, sessiles ab-
sque filamentis.

Foeminei. Amentum
strobilaceum. Calyx
squama 1 -flora. Corolla
0. Stigmata 2, punc-
ta, coiicava. Nux an-
gulata.

Sterile Jlorets, A"
ment imbricate. Calyx
a scale. Corolla 0. An^
thers 4, sessile, without
filaments.

Fertile Jlorets. A"
ment a cone. Calyx
a scale 1 -flowered. Co-
rolla 0. Stigmas 2,
dotted, concave. Nut
angled.

1. DlSTICHA.

C. foliis distichis,
planis, deciduis; flori-
bus masculis aphyllo-
paniculatis; strobilis
sub-globosis.

two-rowed,

Leaves
flat,

florets paniculate, leaf-
less; cones spherical.

deciduous; sterile

Sp. pl. 4. p. 512. Walt. p. 238. Mich. 2. p. 208. Pursh, 2. p. 64i

Nutt. 2. p. 231.

Icon. Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 4.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. 643

This is the largest, and in some respects, the most remarkable tree in the
low country of the Southern States. Its usual height is from 90 — 100 feet,
and though commonly only from 2 — 4 feet in diameter, it is frequently found
nearly twice that size, and if measured within 3 feet of the surface of the
ground, its dimensions would be still greater. Its roots for 6 or 7 feet be-
neath the surface of the ground, appear to be but a continuation of the stem,
while its small ramifications rise to the surface of the earth, and produce at
15, 20 or 30 feet from hs base, small conical knobs from 1 — 2 feet high,
which are always hollow, and never discover any signs of vegetation. The
trunk of this tree for 50 or CO feet is naked and almost undiminised in size;
its branches then rise obliquely, and terminate in a fiat or fastigate summit.
From this peculiar conformation of the branches, a cypress tree can be dis-
tinguished as far as the eye can reach; while from the fineness of its leaves,
the comparatively small size of its head, and its massive and extended roots,
it resists the violence of our autumnal gales more obstinately than any other
of our forest trees.

The leaves of the Cypress are small, linear, acute, glabrous, arrayed dis-
tichally along small deciduous branches, which serve as a common petiole; a
few are sometimes scattered along the small woody branchlets. The sterile
flowers in terminal aments. Calyx a scale, ovate-lanceolate, imbricate. Co-
rolla 0. Filaments 0. Anthers 4, nearly round, sessile. The fertile flo-
rets in obovate sessile cones, clustered near the summit of the branches. Ca-
lyx a scale, ovate-lanceolate, 1-flowered? Styles 2, thick. Cone globular,
with an irregular surface, exuding an aromatic gum. Seeds or Nut angular,
enclosing a cylindrical kernel which contains the embryo.

The Cypress grows only in wet miry soils, and it is in situations where a
wet alluvial soil of 5 or 6 feet deep overlays a bed of sand, that it attains its
greatest dimensions. It begins to decay at the centre in small vesicular
cells, from whence, in this state, it is commonly said to be honey-combed at
heart. From the straightness of its fibre, it is very liable to be "heart-
shaken."

The wood of this tree is soft, rather fine-grained, and when exposed to the
weather is the most durable of our timber. Where it can be procured easily it
is preferred to the yellow pine for the frames and coverings of houses; and if
it were not for its price, would be preferred to the white pine for the inte-
rior work. It is universally employed for shingles. Nearly all the ca-
noes or small boats of the country are fabricated out of it. It could be
employed advantageously in the construction of vessels, and is particu-
larly sought after for all of those works which, from the rise and fall of the
tide, or from other circumstances are perpetually exposed to the action of
heat and moisture.

Our inhabitants distinguish two varieties of this tree, called from slight
shades of difference in the colour of the bark and wood. White and Black
Cypress; the wood of the latter is preferred, and the tree is supposed by
some to grow in a richer soil. This, however, is but prejudice; the two va-
rieties are found mingled indiscriminately in the same swamps, and the
causes of their difference is not understood.

Var. Imbricaria, ]\utt. This is a small tree growing in pine-barren ponds.
It produces its knobs (Exostoses) more abundantly than the large variety; and
on its lower branches the leaves are frequently imbricate after the manner of
the Junipers. But on the upper branches the leaves are often expanded and

644

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

distichous. It is perhaps only a stunted variety, growing in an unfavourable
soil.

Flowers in February.

2. Thyoides. Lin.

C. lamulis compres-
sis; foliis qiiadrifariam

imbricatis, ovatis, basi
tuberculatis; si
globosis, parvis.

Branches compress-
ed; leaves in 4 rows
imbricate, ovate, tiiber-
ciilate at base; cones
spherical, small.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 512. Mich. 2. p. 208. Pursh, 2. p. 646. Nutt. 2. p. 224.
Icon. Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 20.

A tree of moderate dimensions, sometimes however attaining the height of
70 or 80 feet in height, and from 2 to 3 in diameter. The leaves are peren-
nial, neaily resembling scales, imbricate on the compressed branches. Flow-
ers axillary among the small branches. Cone globular, on a short pedicel 3
to 4 lines in diameter. The scales somewhat rhomboidal.

The wood of this tree is soft, fine-grained, light and durable. It has near-
ly all the good qualities of the Cupressus Disticha; and, therefore, where it
is abundant, it is applied as far as its size will admit, to all of the uses for
which that species is employed.

Grows in the great morasses which are found near the sea-coast in the
Middle States. In the Southern States it becomes rare. I have been in-
formed that it grows in and around the savannas in Horry and Williamsburg
Districts. Michaux mentions that he heard of it as far south as the borders
of the Savannah River.

Flowers —

ACALYPHA. Gen. Pl. 1461.

Masculi* Qalyx 3
s. 4-phyllus. Corolla
0. Stamina 8 — 16.

Foeminei, Calyx 3-
phyllus. Qorolla 0.
Styli 3. Capsula 3-
locularis. Semen 1.

Sterile Jlorets. Ca-
lyx 3 — 4 leaved. Co-
rolla 0. Stamens 8 —
16-

Fertile Florets, Ca-
lyx 3-leaved. Corolla
0. Styles 3. Capsule
3-ceI(ed. Seed one in
each cell.

MONOECIA MONADELPHI>.

645

1. ViRGiNiCA. Lin.

A. floribus foemineis
ad basin spicae mascu-
lae; involucris cordato-
ovatis, acuminatis, den
talis; foliis oblongo-
lanceolatis, remote, ob-
tuse serratis*

Fertile florets at the
base of the sterile
spike; involucrum cor-
date ovate, acuminate,

toothed; leaves oblons-

II

lanceolate, remotely

and obtusely serrate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 521. Walt. p. 238. IMich. 2. p. 215. Pur^h, 2. p. 604.
Nutt. 2. p. 225.

Plant annual. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, striate, pubescent, branching.
heaves alternate, lanceolate, pubescent, dotted, crenulate. Invobarum axil-
lary on a short peduncle, cordate, nerved, notched, pubescent, much shorter
than the leaves. Sterile florets very small, in a spike lons;er than the invo-
lucrum. Crt/y.r 4-leaved. Leoyes lanceolate, hairy. K^tame7is S — 16. Pi-
laments short, cohering at base. Fertile florets at the base of the sterile, in-
cluded in the involucrum. Calyx 3-leaved. Styles 3, 3 to 8-parted. Cap-
sule composed of 3 united cells, hispid. Seed globular, 1 in each cell.

This plant is said by Dr. Atkins of Coosawhatchie, to be expectorant and
diuretic. He has used it successfully in cases of humid Asthma, Ascites
and Anasarca.

Grows in cultivated lands and in woods where the ^il is dry and fertile,
very common.

Flowers June — September.

2. Caroliniana. Walter

A. foliis longe petio-
latis, ovali-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, acute ser-
ratis, nervosis, basi sub
cordatis; ramulis fruc-
tiferis plerumque nudis;
involucris sessilibus,
incisis; capsulis echi-
natis. E.

Leaves on long peti-
oles, oval lanceolate,
acuminate, acutely ser-
rate, nerved, slightly
cordate at base; fruit
bearing branches gene-
rallv naked; involu-
crum sessile, notched;
capsules echinate.

Wak. p. 238. Sp. pi. 4. p. 521. Mich. 2. p. 215. Pursli, 2. p. 604.
Nutt. 2. p. 225.

Plant annual. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, striate and very pubescent. Leaves
sprinkled with hairs on both surfaces, 3 — 5-nerved, 2 — 3 inches long, on pe-

646

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

tioles about as long as the leaves. Inoolucrum small, sessile, deeply notched.
Spike of sterile florets axillary, small, scarcely exceeding an inch in length.
Sta?}iens numerous. Spike of fertile florets 2 — 4 inches long, leafless except
at base, perhaps only the lower flowers really maturing their seed. Capsule
small, echinate.

This species differs so much in appearance and habit from the preceding,
;is to excite at least a doubt whether it belongs to the same genus. It is to
me, however, very rare, and for many years I have had no opportunity of
examining it in a living state.

Found on Paris Island in cultivated land.

Flowers Auorust — October.

CROTON. Gen. Pl. 1462.

Mas cult. Calyx cy-
iindriciis, 5-denlatns.
Corolla 5-petala. Sta-
mina 10 — 15.

Foeminei. Calyx
polypliyllus. Corolla
0. Styli 3, bificli. Cap-
sula 3-lociilaivis. Semen
1.

Sterile florets » Ca-
lyx cylindrical, ^se-
toothed. Corolla 5-pe-
talled. Stameris 10 —
15.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx many leaved. Co-
rolla 0. Styles 3, 2-
cleft. Capsule 3-celled.
Seed 1 in each cell.

1. Maritimum. Walt.

C. foliis petiolatis,
subcordato-ovalibus o-
vatisve, obtusis, ramii-
lisque tomentosis, su-
pra pallidis siibtus in-
canis; spicis foemineis
paucifloris, plerumque
binis; caule sufFrutico-
so. E.

Leaves on petioles,
slightly cordate, oval
or ovate, obtuse, with
the branches tomen-
tose, pale on the upper
surface, hoary under-
neath; fertile spikes
few flowered, frequent-
ly but 2; stem some-
what shrubby.

Walt. p. 239. Sp. pl. 4. p. 532. Pursh, 2, p. 603.
C. Disjunctifloruni, Mich. 2. 214.

Nutt. 2. p. 225

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

647

Stem 2 — 3 feet high, trichotomously divided, the branches cinereous,
when young brownish, rather rough, dotted and covered, together with the
leaves and calyx, with a stellular toraentum. Leaves about 2 inches long,
very obtuse or cordate at base, entire, slightly undulate, light grey or hoary
underneath. Floioers at first terminal; by the growth of the plant the seed,
before it ripens, is found in the divisions of the stem. Spike of sterile florets
many flowered (12 — 20) sometimes 2 or 3 together. Calyx 1-leaved, the
border G-cleft. Corolla 0. Filaments about 12, as long as the calyx; 5
yellow curved glands in the bottom of the calyx surround the base of the
filaments. Female florets generally in pairs, separate from the sterile spikes.
Calyx inferior, persistent. Corolla 0. Styles 3, very short, 3 or 4-cleft,
Capsule 3-celled, tomentose. Seed, 1 in each cell.

Grows in the drifting sands along the margin of the Oce^n.

Flowers June — October.

2. Argyranthemum. Micliaux.

Stem somewhat

shrubby; leaves entire,
obtuse, obovate; ra-
cemes terminal, short,
many flowered; calyx
on pedicels, silvery.

C. caule fruticoloso;
fohis integerrimis, ob-
tusis, obovatis; racemis
terminalibus, brevibus,
congestim multifloris,
calycibus pedicellatis,
argenteis. Mich.

Mich. 2. p. 215. Sp. pi. 4. p. 53.5. Pursh, 2. p. 603. Nutt. 2. p. 225.

With regard to this species I can add nothing to the description of Mi-
chaux. I once saw specimens of it collected by Mr. Lyon on the sand-hills
around Fort Barrington on the Altamaha, but I had no opportunit}'^ of exaro-
ing them.

Grows in very dry soils in Carolina and Georgia, Mich,

Flowers June — September.

3. Glandulosum. Lin.

C foliis oblongis,
serratis, subtus hirtis,
basi subintegerrimis,
biglandulosis; caule tri-
chotomojherbaceo; spi-
cis in dichotomia cau-
lis.

Leaves oblong, ser-
rate, hairy underneath,
nearly entire at base,
bearing 2 glands; stem
herbaceous trichoto-
mous; spikes in the di-
vision of the stem.

648

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 2^.
Nutt. 2. p. 225.

Walt. p. 239. Mich. 2. p. 214. Pursh, 2. p. 603.

Plant annual. Stem about 2 feet high, hispid, often coloured, trichoto-
raously divided towards the summit, heaves alternate, on very short peti-
oles, crowded near each division of the stem, elliptic, coarsely and obtusely
serrate, pubescent on the upper surface, hairy underneath. Flowers in the di-
visions of the stem, the fertile sessile, the sterile in small spikes intermingled
with them. Sterile florets. Calyx 1-leaved, tubular. Corolla 5-petalled,
petals lanceolate, white, longer than the calyx inserted into its base. Stani'
efis 10. as long as the corolla. Fertile florets. Calyx 5-leaved, persistent,
hisped, 2 large,, 3 smaller. Corolla 0. Styles 3, 2-cleft. Stigmas simple.
Capsules hispid, the cells separating when mature, each 2-valved, 1 -seeded.

Grows in all cultivated land, very common.

Flowers June — October,

Ellipticum? Nutt.

C. foliis ovali-Iance-
olatis, iiitegerrimis, se-
nioribus obtusis, stella-
to-tomentosis, subtiis
palliclioribiis; floribus
terminalibus, congestis,
foemineis masculisque
immixtis.

Leaves oval-Ianceo-
late, entire, when old
obtuse, stellularly to-
mentose, pale under-
neath; flowers termi-
nal, ckistered, sterile
and fertile intermin-
gled.

Nutt. 2. p. 225.

Plant annual, when bruised aromatic. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, pubescent,
tomentose when young, branching irregularly. Leaves on short petioles,
oblong-lanceolate, somelimes obtuse, light green and somewhat smoother in
the upper surface, hoary underneath. Flowers in terminal clusters, the ste-
rile spike growing from the midst of the sessile fertile flowers. Calyx of
both tomentose. Styles 3, each compoundly dichotomous. Capsules very
tomentose. Cells l-seeded,

This species agrees in many respects with the C. Capitatum of Mich, and
the C. Ellipticum of Nutt. and diff"ers slightly from both. Not having speci-
mens of each, I have hesitated where to place it.

Grows in the pine-barrens near Columbia, Mr. Herbemont.

Flowers in the summer.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

649

JATROPHA. Gen. Pl. 1463.

Masculi, Calyx 0,
sive 5-pliylIus. CoroL
la 1-petala, iufundibu-
lifonnis. Stamina 10,
alterna breviora.

Foeminei, Cahjx 0.
Corolla 5 -pet a I a, pa-
tens. Slijli 3, bifidi.
Capsula trilocularis.
Semen 1.

Slerile fioreU, Ca-
lyx 0, or 5-leaved. Co-
rolla 1-petaHed, fiinnel-
s h ape d . Stamens 1 0,
alternately short.

Fertile jiorets. Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla 5 -pet ai-
led, expanding. Styles
3, 2-cleft. Capsule 3-
cellecl. Seed, 1 in each
cell.

1. Stimulosa. Michaux.

J. herbacea, pilis
stimulosis hispida; foliis
palmato-Iobatis, lobis
obtusiusculis, subsinn-
atis dentatisque; cymis
brevi pediinculatis; co-
rollis albis.

Herbaceous, hispid
with stimulating piic-
kles; leaves palmate-
lobed; lobes rather ob-
tuse, shghtly sinuate
and toothed; cymes on
short peduncles; corolla
white.

Mich. 2. p. 216. Pursh, 2. p. 603. Nutt. 2. p. 225.
J. Urens, Walt. p. 239.

Root perennial, the fibres very long. Stem 6 — 1 8 inches high, branch-
ing, terete, covered as well as the leaves and fruit, with stimulating prickles.
Leaves 3 or 5-lobed, cordate at base, the lobes toothed or sinuate, ciliate,
strongly veined. F/owers in a terrainil cyme, di or trichotomously divided,
the fertile florets generally sitting in the divisions of the peduncle. Sterile
flowers. Calyx 0. Corolla hypocrateriform, pubescent, the lube aslo ng as
the 5-clcft border. Stamens 10, united at base, those in the centre the long-
est. Fertile florets. Calyx 0. Corolla 5-petalled. Style appearing
short, thick, many (12) cleft, (composed reall}' of 3 styles, soldered together,
each compoundly dichotomous:) an orange-coloured gland surrounds the
base of both stamens and germ. Cojjsiile rough, very hispid, 3-ceIled.
Seed, 1 in each cell.

For so small a plant the root is very remarkable, the principal fibres or
branches are rather larger than a quill. Tiiey penetrate the loose soil in

VOL. II.

N 1-

650

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

which this plant delights to grow, to a great distance. I have followed them
by digging 3, 4 or 5 feet, but never to their termination.

The prickles of this plant, like those of the Nettle, produce on delicate
skins great irritation for a few minutes. Children are very much accustom-
ed to annoy each other with them. But of the serious injury which, accord-
ing to Pursh, the feet of our Negroes sustain from tlrem, I can only say I
have never heard/

-Grows in light sandy soils.

Flowers through the whole summer.^

STILLINGIA. Gen. Pl. 1470.

3IasculL ( 'cdyx he-
misphaericiis, multiflo-
riis. Corolla tubulosa,
erosa.

Foeminei. Qalyx 1
floras, inferus. Corolla
supera. Stylus 3-ficlus.
Capsula 3-locularis.
Semen 1.

Sterile florets. Ca^
lyx hemispherical, ma-
ny flowered. Corolla
tubular, erose.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx l-flowercd, infe-
rior. Corolla superior.
Style 3 -cleft. (Capsule
3-celled. Seed, 1 in
each cell.

1. Sylvatica. Lin.

S. herbacea; foliis
sessilibus, oblongo-lan-
ceolatis, basi attenua-
tis, serrulatis; flosculis
masculis squamam flo-
ralem vix superantibus.

Herbaceous; leaves
sessile; oblong-lanceo-
late, tapering at base,
serrulate; sterile florets
scarcely longer than
the bracteal scale.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 588.
Nutt. 2. p. 220.

Wah. p. 239. JMich. 2. p. 213. Pursh, 2. p. 608.

Root large, woody, perennial. Stem herbaceous, 2 — 3 feet high, some-
what angled by the base of the leaves, with the whole plant glabrous and
lactescent. Leaves alternate, irregularly serrulate, somewhat coriaceous,
shining on the upper surface, paler underneath. Stipvles? several small
subulate glands in the axils of the leavfs and flowers. Flowers in a termi-
nal spike, the upper crowded as in an ament, sterile, with interposing cupu-
Jate glands. Ferrile florets few at the base. Sterile florets. Calyx a scale,
ovate, obtuse, mucronate, many flowered (7.) Corolla 1-petalled, funnel-

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

651

shaped, rugose, yellowish, the border sonwwhat bilabiate, undulate, fila-
ments 2, thick, longer than the corolla. Fertile florets. Calyx obtuse. Co-
rolla superior, 1-petalled, witii the margin fimbriate. Style, erect, 3-cleft,
(perhaps 3 united.) Capsules rather rough, 3-celled, one seed in each cell.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers May — June.

A tree; leaves on pe-
tioles, rhomboidal, acu-
minate, entire, with a
petiolar gland below
the base; sterile florets
on pedicels.

Pursh, 2. p. 608. Nutt. 2. p. 226.

2. Sebifera.

S. arborea; foliis pe-
tiolatis, rhombeis, acn-
minatis, integerrimis,
infra basin glandulape-
tiolari; floribus mascu-
lis pedicellatis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 588. Mich. 2. p. 213.
Croton Sebiferum, Lin.

A tree 20 — 40 feet high, the young branches and leaves glabrous and
somewhat lactescent. Leaves alternate, broad and rhomboidal, conspicu-
ously acuminate, on petioles 1 — 2 inches long. Flowers interminal spikes,
the sterile very much crowded towards the summit, the fertile kw at base.
Sterile floret. Calyx ovate, obtuse, 10 — 12-flowered, having 2 greenish
glands at base, each floret on a pedicel 2 — 3 lines long. Corolla 1-petalled,
4-toothed. Filaments 2, longer than the corolla. Fertile floret. Calyx a
scale, 3-parted, persistent. Corolla . Styles 3, subulate, reflex-

ed. Stigma simple. Capsule a little rough, black, 3-celled. Seed one
in each cell, very white.

This tree, originally from China, is now completely naturalized along the
5ea-coast of our country. It bears its fruit in great abundance, but though
they contain much oil no use is yet made of them.

Grows in rich close soils.

Flowers June — July.

3. LiGusTRiNA. Mich.

S. fruticosa, foliis
lanceolatis, utrinque
attenuatis, integerri-
mis, petiolatis; flosculis
masculis brevissime pe-
dicellatis.

A shrub; leaves lan-
ceolate, tapering at
each end, entire, on pe-
tioles; sterile florets on
short pedicels.

652

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

Mich. 2. p. 213. Sp. pi. 4. p. 588. Pursh, 2. p. 608. Nutt. 2, p. 226.

A shrub 6 — 12 feet high, diffusely branching, the branches and leaves
glabrous. Leaves scarcely an inch in length, lanceolate and oval-lanceolate,
very acute; on petioles 2 — 3 lines long. Flowers in terminal spikes. Ste-
rile florets towards the summit numerous. Fertile florets few at base. Ste-
rile florets, Scale or Bractea, short, ovate, 1 — 2-flovvered. Corolla 3-
cleft. Stamens generally three. Filaments very short. Fertile florets.
Scale small. Corolla 3-cleft, persistent. Styles 3, united at base, reflexed.
Stigmas simple. Capsule 3-celled, 1 seed in each cell.

In all of the specimens I have seen of this species, there are as usual in
this genus 2 or 3 fertile florets at the base of each spike.

In this genus I think the scale that surrounds each group of sterile florets
can only be considered as a bracteal leaf, and the corolla a real calyx.

Grows along the margin of creeks and swamps in the middle districts of
Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers May — July.

EUPHORBIA. Gen. Pl. 823.

Involucrum calyci-
forme, ventricosum, 8
— 10 clentatum, deiiti-
bus alternis plerumque
petaloideis.

Mastuli pauci, lateri
interiori involucri ad-
nati. Calyx polyphyl-
liis? foliolis laceris. Sta-
mina 4 — 5? ( Calyx
monophyllus vel 0.
Stamen 1.)

Foeminei, Flos soli-
tarius, pedicellatus,cen-
tralis. Calyx 0. Co-
rolla 0. Slyli 3, bifidi.
Capsula 3-Iocularis.
Semen 1.

Involua^um resem-
bling a calyx, ventri-
cose, 8 — 10 toothed,
the alternate teeth ge-
nerally petaloidal.

Sterile fiorets few,
attached to the interior
side of the involucrum.
Calyx many leaved?
the leaflets lacerate.
Stamens 4 — 5. ( Ca-
lyx 1 -leafed or 0. Sla-^
men 1.)

Fertile florets.

Flower solitary, cen-
tral on a pedicel. Ca-
lyx 0. Corolla 0.
Styles 3, 2- cleft. Cap-
svle 3-celIed. Seed 1.

MONOECIA MONAUELPHIA.

653

1. Cyathophora. MuiT.

E. friiticescens; foliis
petiolalis, ovatis sub-
cieiUatis, panduriformi-
bus, SLunmitate involu-
cellisque coloralis; flori-
bus subumbellatis.

Somewhat shrubby;
leaves on petioles, o-
vate, slightly toothed,
pandurilbnn, the upper
ones and the invohi-
crunis coloured; flowers
somewhat umbellate.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 891. Pursli, 2. p. 605. Nutt. 2. p. 227-

Plaiit annual. Stem about 2 feet high, glabrous. Leaves alternate on
petioles nearly an inch long, oblong, panduriform, the segments toothed, the
summit slightly acuminate, the upper and those that surround the flowers,
coloured near the base deep red. Floivers in a terminal cluster. Sterile
llorets numerous. Pedicel of the fertile floret longer than the involucrum.
Capsule smooth, 3-celled, the cells 2-valved, 1 -seeded.

This plant is seen occasionally in our gardens, but is not naturalized as
far north as Savannah.

Flowers through a great part of the summer.

2. Graminifolia. Mich.

E. pusilla, erecta, ab
imo ramosa, minutissi-
me puberula; foliis
sparsis, linearibus, in-
tegerrimis, supremis
basi discoloribus; flori-
bus fasciculato-termi-
nalibus.

Small, erect, branch-
ing from the base, fine-
ly pubescent; leaves
scattered, linear, entire,
the upper ones disco-
loured at base; flowers
fasciculate, terminal.

Mich. 2. p. 210. Pursh, 2. p. 605. Nutt. 2, ]^ 227.

This species is said by Michaux to grow along the sea-coast of Georgia
and Florida. I have never met v/ith it.
Flowers —

3. Hypericifolia. Lin.

E. glabra; ramosis- Glabrous, branch-
sima, patulo-erecta: ra- ing, erect, expanding;

654

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

mis clivaricalis; foliis
oppositis; serratis, ova-
li-obloQgis, subfalcatis;
corymbis terininalibus.

branches divaricate;
leaves opposite, ser-
rate; oval-oblong,
slightly falcate, co-
rymbs terminal.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 895. Mich. 2. p. 211. Pursh, 2. p. 605. Nutt. 2. p. 227.

Stem annual, erect, 2 — 3 feet high, branches opposite, divaricate. Leavet
opposite, sessile, oval, acutely serrate, unequal at base, glabrous, 3-nerved,
nearly an inch long. Flotvers small, solitary I suspect at each joint, but
from the shortness of the upper joints they are crowded and appear fascicu-
late.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia. Milledgeville, Dr.
Boykin.

Flowers June — September, Pursh.

4. Macllata. Lin.

E. erecto-patnla; fo-
liis oppositis, serratis,
oblongis, pilosis; flori-
bus axillaribus solita-
riis; invohicri laciniis
interioribus coloratis.

Erect, expanding;
leaves opposite, ser-
rate, oblong, hairy;
flowers axillary, soHta-
ry, interior segments
of the invokicrum co-
loured.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 896. Walt. p. 144. Mich. 2. p. 211. Pursh, 2. p. 605.

Nutt. 2. p. 227.

Plant annual. Stem erect or procumbent, dichotomously branching,
slightly pubescent, generally coloured, (purple) 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves op-
posite, on short pedoles, obbng, hairy, unequal at base, 3-nerved, serrate,
excepting on one side near the base, paler underneath, when young conspi-
cuously spotted near the base. Flowers crowded near the summit, but really
solitary at each axil. Lwobtcrum glabrous, the pelaloid segments (4 — 5)
white. Capsule glabrous.

Grows in dry cultivated soils.

Flowers June — October.

5. Thymifolia? Lin.

E. humifusa, gracilis, Procnmbent, slen-
piibescens; foUis oppo- der, pubescent: leaves

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

655

sitis, ovali-oblongis,
obtusisj superne sub-
serratis; capitulis axil-
laribus, glomeratis,
sub-sessilibus.

opposite, oval-oblong,
obtuse, slightly serrate
near the summit: heads
axillary, clustered,
nearly sessile.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 898. Walt. p. 144. Mich. 2. p. 212. Pursh, 2. p. 606.
Nutt. 2. p. 227-

This species is described by Michaux as inhabiting the borders of the
Ohio and Mississippi. Walter mentions it among the plants of this coun-
try. It is probable that the following species is the one intended by Wal-
ter. At least, I have seen no one agreeing with the character of E. Thymi-
folia, or with the figure of Plukenet, t. 113. p. 2. It maybe remarked
also, that the original E. Thymifolia is a native of the East-Indies.

6. Depressa. Torrey.

E. caule humifuso,
graciii, p'lbescente;
foliis oppositis, ovali-
bus, sub-serratis, basi
inaequalibus, supra

glabris; subtus pilosis
pallidis; floribus solita-
riis, axillaribus, folio
multo brevioribus. E.

Stem procumbent,
slender, pubescent:
leaves opposite, oval,
slightly serrate; un-
equal at base, glabrous
on the upper surface,
hairy underneath and
pale; flowers solitary,
axillary, much shorter
than the leaf.

Plant annual. Stem prostrate, branching, 8 — 12 inches long, hairy, almost
villous, branches alternate. Leaves finely serrate, obtuse, sometimes acute,
somewhat glaucous underneath, about half an inch long, on petioles 1 — 2
lines long. Flowers solitary, appearing clustered at the extremity of the
branches, from the shortness of the joints. Peduncles 1 — 2 lines long. Sti-
pnles 4 at each joint, 3 — 4 lines long, plumose; petaloid segments of the in-
volucrum 4, white, small. Capsule hairy.

This species has commonly been considered here as the E. Thymifolia,
Mich.: but its flowers are certainly not in axillary heads or clusters. Dr.
Torrey sent me some time ago specimens of it from New-Jersey, under the
name of E. Depressa.

Grows in cultivated dry soils, very common.

Flowers through the whole summer.

656

MONOECiA monadi:lphia-

7. CORDIFOLIA. E.

E. humifusa, ramo-
sissima, glabra; foliis
parvulis, oppositis, Ja-
to-ovalibus, integerri-
mis, basi cordatis; flo-
ribiis axillaribus, soli-
tariis.

Procumbent, branch-
ing, glabrous; leaves
small, opposite, broad-
oval, entire, cordate at
base; flowers axillary,
solitary.

Plant annual. Stem prostrate, 8 to 15 inches long, very glabrous, bran-
ches alternate. Leaves on petioles scarcely a line long, oval, entire, glab-
rous, unequal and cordate at base, generally 3 — 4 lines long. Flowers soli-
tary, axillary, on pedicells about half as long as the leaves, surrounded at
base with incised almost feathered stipules; petalloid segments of the invo-
lucrum white.

Grows in cultivated land, common around Beaufort in dry soils.

Flowers in the summer.

8. PoLYGOiMFOLlA. Liu.

E. humifusa, ramo-
sa, glaberrima, carno-
sa; foliis oblongo-ova-
tis, ovalibuscjue, inte-
gerrimis, basi obtusis
interdiim sub-cordati«;
floribus solitariis in di-
chotomia caulis; stipu-
lis simplicibus. E.

Procumbent, branch-

ing

&?

very

succulent; leaves
long-ovate

giaurous,
ob-
and oval,
entire, obtuse at base,
sometimes slightly cor-
date; /lowers solitary
in the division of the
stem: stipules simple.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 900. Walt. p. 145. Pursh, 2. p. 606? Nutt. 2. p. 227-

In many respects resembling the preceding species, but from its habitat
more succulent, its leaves also are longer, more ovate, on longer petioles,
more crowded near the summit of the branches, ar..l less cordate, the flowers
on shorter peduncles, and the petaloid segments of the involucrnm uncolour-
ed. The stipules which in the former species are many cleft, in this are su-
bulate, simple, or sometimes one has a single division.

Grows on the drifting sands of the sea-shore, frequently covered with sand
excepting the extremities of the branches. This appears to be the real E.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

657

Polygonifolia of Clayton, (consequently of Linnaeus) who speaks of it as a
maritime plant. I quote Pursh with great hesitation.
Flowers through the whole summer.

9. IPECACUANHiE. Lill.

E. piQcumbens erec-
taque, pumila, glabra;
foliis oppositis, obova-
tis laiiceolatisque; pe-
dunculis axillaribus;
unifloris, elongatis.

Procumbent and e-
rect, small, glabrous;
leaves opposite, obo-
vate and lanceolate;
peduncles axillary, one-
flowered, long.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 900. Mich. 2. p. 212. Pursh, 2. p. 606. Nutt. 2. p. 227-

Plant perennial, with very long creeping roots. Stem generally short,
sometimes buried in the sand and appearing fasciculate and leafless, some-
times erect 12 — 15 inches high. Leaves opposite, sessile, elliptic or obo-
vate, (sometimes linear, Mich.) entire, glabrous. Flowers solitary in the
divisions of the stem. Peduncle about as long as the leaves.

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers from April to July, perhaps through the whole summer.

10. Gracilis. E.

E. caule erecto, di-
chotomo, glabro; foliis
oppositis, remotis, ses-
silibus, linear-lanceola-
tis; pedunculis solita-
riis in dichotomia cau-
lis, foliis longioribus.

Stem erect, dichoto-
mous, glabrous; leaves
opposite, remote, ses-
sile, lineari-lanceolate;
peduncles solitary in
the divisions of the
stem, longer than the
leaves.

E. Polygonifolia? Mich. 2. p. 211.

Plant perennial. Stem about 12 inches high, like the whole plant glab-
rous, very regularly dichotomous, the divisions remote for the size of the
plant. Leaves opposite at the divisions of the stem, linear or linear-lanceo-
late, entire, sessile. Peduncle solitary, longer than the leaf, petaloid seg-
ments scarcely coloured.

VOL. II. o 4

668

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

I have always been accustomed to consider this plant as the E. Polygoni-
folia of Michaux. Yet it resembles very much, and may be the linear-leaved
variety of E. Ipecacuanhae. The E. Polygonifolia of Pursh I do not know.

Grows in dry sandy soils near Ogeechee Ferry.

Flowers May — July.

11. PuBENTissiMA. Micliaux.

E. perennis, erecta,
pubentissima; caulibus
sub-clicliotomis; foliis
oppositis, sessilibus,
sub -cordato -ovalibus,
obtusis; pedunculis so-
litariis; involucri laci-
iiiis interioribus albis^

Perennial, erect, ve-
ry pubescent; stem
somewhat dichotomous;
leaves opposite, sessile,
oval, slightly cordate,
obtuse; peduncles soli-
tary; interior segments
of the involucrum
white.

Mich. 2. p. 212. Pursh, 2. p. 606. Nutt. 2. p. 227-

Stem 12 to 18 inches high, divided towards the summit, hirsute. Leaves
opposite, sessile, nearly an inch long, elliptic, entire, not so hairy on the
stem, except along the midrib. Flowers solitary in the divisions of the stem.
Peduncle nearly as long as the leaf. Petaloid Segnients white.

Grows in the pine-barrens in the middle districts of Carolina and Geor-
gia.

Flowers April — July, perhaps as most of our species until October.

12. Helioscopia? Lin.

E. umbella quinque-
fida, trifida, dichotoma;
foliis florahbus obova-
tis; foliis cuneiformi-
bus, serratis, glabris;
capsulis laevibus.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 914.

Plant annual. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, glabrous, branching. Leaves
alternate, sessile, cuneate, obovate, finely serrate, glabrous, those at the divi-
sions of the umbel broad-lanceolate. Umbel 5-cleft, 3-cleft, the small bran-

Umbel 5 cleft, 3-
cleft, dichotomous; flo-
ral leaves obovate;
leaves wedge-shaped,
serrate, glabrous; cap-
sules smooth.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

659

ches rinully dichotomous. The flowers solitary in the divisions of the um-
bel, small, on peduncles oj;e to two lines long. Fruit tuberculate.

This species approaches very nearly to the E. Helioscopia of Europe,
although its roughened fruit and the lanceolate leaves of the umbel may serve
to distinguish it. It is, I think, certainly indigenous. '

Found in damp clay soils near the Horse-shoe Bridge, Ashepoo; on
Hutchinson's Island, opposite Savannah,

Flowt-rs May.

13. CoROLLATA. Lin.

E. iimbella 5-fida,
3-fida, dichotoma; foliis
floralibus foliisque ob-
longis, obtusis; involu-
cri laciniis interioribus
petaoideis, obovalis.

Umbel .5-cleft, 3-
cleft, dichotomous; flo-
ral leaves and those of
the stem oblong, ob-
tuse; interior segments
of the involucrum re-
sembling petals, obo-
vate.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 916. Walt. p. 145. Mich. 2. p. 210. Pursh, 2. p. 607.
Nutt. 2. p. 227.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, about 2 feet high, terete, a little hairy,
rarely branched. Leaves alternate, oval, glabrous on the upper surface,
paler and sprinkled with hairs underneath, on petioles 1 — 2 lines long.
Flowers in a terminal umbel, each floret solitary in the divisions of the stem,
on peduncles 3 — 4 lines long. Petaloid segments of the involucrum more
conspicuous than usual in this genus, obovate, white. Fruit glabrous.

This species varies much in the size and breadth of its leaves. I have
found it also with 5 rays to tiie umbel. The following, if no more than a
variety, deserved to be noticed.

Var. Angustifolia.

heaves 3 — 4 inches long, linear-lanceolate, sessile as in the common va-
riety, paler and hairy underneath. Umbel 3-fid, rays elongated, the upper
branches dichotomous. Floioers few, small, thinly scattered near the sum-
rait of the branches.

Very common, preferring dry soils. The variety AngustifoHa was col-
lected by Mr. Caradeux in St. Thomas, near Charleston.

Flowers May — September.

660

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

14. Paniculata. E.

E. umbella trifida,
dichotoma; flbribus ter-
minalibus, siib-paiiicu-
latis;foliis alternis, ova-
libuS;, sessilibus, subtus
sub-pilosis; caule sub-
piloso. E.

Umbel 3-cIeft, di-
chotomous; flowers ter-
minal, somewhat pani-
culate, oval, sessile,
slightly hairy under-
neath; stem somewhat
hairy.

Stem 1 — 2 feet high, slightly angled, very hairy around the base of the
leaves. Leaves about 1^ inches long, one inch wide, entire with the mar-
gin revolute, hairy along the midrib. Umbel at first generally 3-fid, the up
per branches dichotomous, and near their summits the flowers are numerous,
axillary and terminal, with small opposite bracteal leaves at each joint.
Fruit smooth.

Grows in the middle districts of Carolina and Georgia. Columbia, Mr.
Herbemont.

Flowers August — September.

Many opinions have been entertained as to the real structure of the flow-
ers of this genus. Each involucrum (Calyx, Lin.) contains one central fe-
male floret, and several points near the base bearing stamens, these points
or receptacles are as numerous generally as the petaloid segments of the in-
volucrum. Linnaeus considered the whole as one flower, the stamens in-
serted into the calyxj and coming to maturity irregularly. Jussieu first
suggested the now prevailing opinion that the structure was monoecious, a
common involucrum with a pistilliferous floret in the centre, surrounded by
clusters of monandrous florets, each cluster generally containing 3 — 5 florets,
separated" by bristles or membranaceous multifid leaves, and these florets'
naturally coming to maturity at different periods.

PHYLLANTHUS. Gen. Pl. 1412.

Masculi, Calyx 6-
partitus. Corolla 0.
Filamentum colum-
nare. Antherce 3.

Foeminei. Calyx 6-
partitus

Nectarium
angulatus.
Capsula
Semen 1.

Corolla 0.
margo 12-
Styli 3.
3-IocuIaris.

Sterile Jlorets. Ca-
lyx 6-parted. Corolla
0. Filaments colum-
nar. Anthers 3.

Fertile Jlorets. Ca-
lyx 6-parted. Corolla
0. Nectary a margin
12-angled. Styles 3.
Capsule 3-celled. Seed
1 in each cell.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

661

1. Caroliniensis. Walt.

P. foliis alteniis, o-
valibus, obtusis, glab-^
ris, sub-distichis; flori-
bus paucis (2 — 4), axil-
laribus, pedicellatis, nu-
tantibus; caule erecto,
distiche ramoso. E.

Leaves alternate,
oval, obtuse, glabrous,
sonewhat distichous;
flowers few (2 — 4), ax-
illary, on pedicels,
nodding; stem erect,
branches distichous.

Walt. p. 228. Mich. 2. p. 209.

P. Obovatus, Sp. pi. 4. p. 574. Pursb, 2. p. 443. IN'utt. 2. p. 227-

Plant annual. Stem about 12 inches high, glabrous, with alternate bran-
ches distichally expanding. Leaves alternate, oval, generally obtuse, entire,
glabrous, the upper ones lanceolate, all distichous, on petioles about 1 line
long. Flowers axillary, nodding, on very short pedicels, 2 — 4 at each axil,
fertile and sterile intermingled. Calyx of both florets 6-leaved? heaves
reddish at base, white along the margin. Stamens 6, united at base. Style
3, very short, 2-cleft. Capsule globose, iomewhat depressed, 6? celled, 6-
valved, the valves opening elastically. Seed striate with elevated dots.

As the leaves of this plant are very rarely obovate, I have restored the
original name proposed by Walter.

Grows in damp soils, Prince William's, near Charleston.

Flowers September — October.

MELOTHRIA. Gen. Pl. 68.

3Iasculi, Qalyx mo-
nophyllus, 3 — 5 denta-
tus. Corolla campa-
nulata. Stamina 3, tu-
bo corollae adnata.

Foeminei, Qalyx
et Corolla ut in masc.
Gtrmen infer urn.

Stylus 1 . Stigmata 3.
Bacca 3-locularis, po-
lysperma.

Sterile florets. Ca-
lyx one-leaved? 3 — 5
toothed. Corolla cam-
pan ulate. Stamens 3,
attached to the tube of
the corolla.

Fertile Florets, Ca-
lyx and Corolla as in
the sterile. Germ in-
ferior. Style 1. Stig-
ma 3. Beny 3-celled,
many seeded.

662

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

1. Pendula.

M. foliis snb-reni-
formibus, lobato-angii-
losis, sub-hispidis; bac-
ca ovali, glabra.

Leaves somewhat
reniform, lobed and
angled, slightly hispid,
berry oval, smooth.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 189. Walt. p. 66. Mich. 2. p. 217- Pursli, 2. p. 444.
Nutt. 2. p. 228.

A slender vine running over small shrubs and herbaceous plants. Stem
liairy, branching. Leaves somewhat hispid, generally 5-angled, the angles
acute, dentate, the intermediate one the longest, the hairs jointed and slight-
ly hooked. Petioles 1 — 2 inches long. Tendrils 5 — 6 inches long. Floto-
ers axillar}', the sterile in small racemes; the fertile solitary. Common pe-
duncle of the sterile florets about 2 inches long. Calyx 5-toothed, the teeth
subulate. Corolla longer than the calyx, yellow, the border 5-lobed. Sta-
mens short, a cyathiform gland at the base of the fertile floret. Berry 3-
celled, small. Seeds many in each cell, obovate, compressed.

Grows in shaded, rich soils.

Flowers through the whole summer.

CUCURBITA. Gen. Pl. 1478.

MasculL Calyx 5-
dentatus. Corolla 5-
fida. Filameiita 3.

Foemineu Calyx 5-
dentatus. Corolla 5-
fida. Pistillum 3-fi-
dum. Pepoiiis semiua
margine tumido.

Sterile Jlorets, Ca-
lyx 5-toothed. Corolla
5-cIeft. Filaments 3.

Fertile florets* Ca-
lyx 5-toothed. Corolla
5-cleft. Pistil 3-cleft.
Seeds of ihe fruit (a
melon) with a tumid
margin.

1. Lagenahia. Lin.

C. foliis cordatis, ro-
tundato-obtusis, pube-
scentibus, denticulatis,
basi subtus biglandulo-

Leaves cordate,
nearly circular, pube-
scent, toothed, under-
neath at base bearing

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

663

2 glands; fruit woody,
clavate or obovate.

sis, pepoiiibus lignosis
clavatis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 606. Nutt. 2. p. 228.

A large, coarse, strong-scented vine, generally procumbent, but sometimes
running over reclining trees. Stem and leaves tomentose. Leaves cordate,
nearly round, 10 — 15 inches in diameter, undulate or slightly lobed. Flow-
ers solitary, axillary, the early florets and those near the summit of the bran-
rhos generally sterile. Corolla large, white. Fruit varying like all culti-
vated plants very miich, round, pyriform, clavate, straight or curved, the
exterior coat hard, almost woody.

The Calabash is rarely found growing in woods, and is certainly not in-
digenous. It appears to have been brought by the antient inhabitants of
our country from a warm climate. It now grows spontaneously around the
settlements, particularly on the sea-islands, and delights in a rich dry soil.

Flowers through the whole summer.

SICYOS. Gen. Pl. 1481.

Masculi. Calyx 5-
dentatus. Corolla 5-
partita. Filamenia 3,

Foeminei, Calyx 5-
dentatus. Coi^olla 5
partita. Stylus 3-fi-
dus. Pepo monosper-
mus.

Sterile Jlorets. Ca^
lyx 5 -toothed. Corolla
5-parted. Filaments
3.

Fertile jlorets, Ca^
lyx 5-toothed. Corolla
5-parted. Style 3-cleft.
Fruit (a melon) one-
seeded.

1. AlVGULATA.

S. foliis cordatis, 5-
angularibus, denticula-
tis, scabris; fructibus
capitatis, hispidis.

Leaves cordate,

5-

angled, toothed, sca-
brous; fruit in clusters,
hispid.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 625. Mich. 2. p. 217- Pursh, 2. p. 444. Nutt. 2. p. 229.

A small procumbent vine. Stem pubescent. Leaves alternate, on peti-
oles 1 — 2 inches long, cordate, 5-angled, the angles rather acute, scabrous.

gg4 MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

pubescent particularly along the veins, finely denticulate. Tendrils axillary,
divided. Flowers axillary, the sterile at the summit of racemes 4—6 mches
lonff The fertile clustered at the summit of peduncles 1—2 mches long.
Peduncles very hairy. Corolla deeply 4-cleft, whitish with green vems.
Styles 3 united, each bearing 2 or more? anthers. Female floret 6—10 m a
head. Frm7 small, oval or ovate, very hispid.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia, Dr. Macbnde.

Flowers June — September.

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

eeo

CLASS XX\.

DIOECIA.

DIAJ^DRM.
592 VALLISNERIA.
693 SALIX.

594 FRAXINUS.

595 BORYA.

596 CERATIOLA.

TETRANDRM.

597 VISCUM.

598 MYRICA.

599 ILEX.

PEKTANDRIA.

600 HAMILTONIA.

601 NYSSA.

602 VITIS.

603 ZANTHOXYLUM.

604 PANAX.

605 IRESINE.

606 ACNIDA,

607 HUMULUS.

hexandria'

608 SMILAX.

609 DIOSCOREA.

610 PRINOS.

611 GLEDITSCHIA

OCTAJVDRIA.

612 POPULUS.

613 DIOSPYROS.

ENNEANDRIA.

614 HYDROCHARIS.

POLYAKDRIA.

615 MENISPERMUM.

MOjXADELPHIA

616 JUNIPERUS.

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

VALLISNERIA. Gen. Pl. 1491.

Masculi, Spatha 2- Sterile Jlorets, Spcf
partita. Spadix tectus the 3-parted. Spadix

VOL. II. p 4

666

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

flosculis. Corolla 3-
partita.

Foemmei, Spatha 2-
fida, 1 -flora. Calyx 3-
parlitiis, superus. Co-
rolla 3-petala. Capsu-
la 1-locularis, poly-
sperm a.

1. Americana. Mich.

V. foliis linearibus,
obtusis, 3-nervibus, ser-
rulatis; peduriculis mas-
culis brevissiniis, foe-
mineis spiralibus.

Nutt.

covered with florets*
Corolla 3-parted.

Fertile Jlorets, Spa-
the 2-cleft, 1-flowered.
Calyx 3-parted, supe-
rior. Corolla 3-petaI-
led. Capsule l-celled,
many seeded.

Leaves linear, ob-
tuse, 3-nerved, serru-
late; peduncles of the
sterile florets very
short, of the fertile spi-
ral.

Mich. 2. p. 220. Sp. pi. 4. p. 651 . Pursh, 2. p. 602. Nutt. 2. p. 230.

An aquatic plant, floating or growing in stagnant or slow-flowing streams.
Leaves all radical. Scapes axillary. Female flowers generally furnished
with a spiral filiform scape, so as to admit them to rise to the surface of the
water when ready to expand. Scape of the sterile floret very short, always
submersed; the flower itself, when mature, separates from the scape, rises to
the surface of the water, expands and floats among the female florets until it
decays. The female floret, after the period of inflorescence, sinks beneath
the surface of the water and matures the fruit. Nutt.

Grows from New-York to Florida. Nutt. This, like many of our aquatic
plants, has escaped my notice.

Flowers August — October. Pursh.

SALIX. Gen. Pl. 1493.

3IasculL Amentum
cyliiidraceum. Calyx
squama. Corolla 0.
Stamina 1 — 6, glandu-
la baseos nectarifera.

Sterile Jlorets, A-
ment cylindrical. Ca-
lyx a scale. Corolla
0. Stamens 1 — 6, with
a nectariferous gland
at base.

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

667

Foeminei, Amentum
cylindraceum. Calyx
squama. Corolla 0.
Stylus 2.fidus. Capsula
1-loculariSi 2-valvis,
Semina papposa.

* Foliis integerri"
mis aut obsolete serra-
tis.

Fertile Jlorets, A-
ments cylindrical. C«-
lyx a scale. Corolla 0.
Style 2-cleft. Capside
1 celled, 2-vaIved.

Seed crowned with a
pappus.

* Leaves entire
obscurely serrate.

or

1. MUIILENBERGIANA. Willd.

S. foliis lanceolatis,
acutiusculis, subinte-
gerrimis, pubescenti-
canisjSubtus rugoso-ve-
nosis, margine revolu-
tis; stipulis deciduis,
lanceolatis; amenlis
praecocibus diandris,
squamis oblongis mar-
gine villosis; germini-
bus ovato-lanceolatis,
sericeo-villosis longe
pedicellatis; stylo bre-
vi; stigmatibus bifidis.

Leaves lanceolate,
nearly acute and en-
tire, pubescent, hoary,'
rugosely veined under-
neath, with the mar-
gins revolute; stipules
deciduous lanceolate;
aments appearing be-
fore the leaves, dian-
drous; scales oblong,
the margins villous;
germs ovate-lanceolate,
cloalhed with silken
hairs, on long pedicels;
style short; stigmas
two-cleft.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 692. Pursh, 2. p. 609- Nutt. 2. p. 231.
S. Alpina? Walt. p. 243.

A shrub 1 — 4 feet high, often decumbent with pubescent branches.
heaves lanceolate, nearly acute, entire, though sometimes furnished with
1 or 2 obsolete teeth, hoary and pubescent on the upper surface, white and
tomentose underneath. Stipules short, lanceolate, deciduous. Scales of

668

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

the fertile florets oblong, villous along the margin. Germs pedicellate, vil-
lous. Sti/Ie short Stigma 4-cleft. Willdenow.

Grows in shady dry woods from New- York to Virginia. If the quotation
from Walter is correct, extending along the Mountains to Carolina.

Flowers —

2. Tristis. Aiton.

S. foliis lineaii-lan-
ceolatis, utriiique acii-
tis, integerrimis, mar-
gine revolutis, supra
glabriusculis subtus ru-
goso-venosis, tomento-
sis; stipiilis nullis, a-
mentis praecocibus ob-
longis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 693. Pursh, 2. p. 609. Nutt. 2. p. 231.

Resembles the preceding species, but differs in the form of the leaf and by
the absence of stipules. Willd.

Grows in dry sandy woods; New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh.
Flowers March — April.

Leaves linear-lance-
olate, acute at each
end, entire with the
margins revohite. glab-
rous on the upper sur-
face, rugosely veined
and tomentose under-
neath;^ stipules 0; a-
ments appearing before
the leaves.

3. RosMARiNiFOLiA. Lin.

S. foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, subintegerri-
mis, planis, supra pu-
bescentibus, subtus se-
riceis; germinibus lan-
ceolatis, villosis; stylis
elongatis.

Leaves linear-lance-
olate, nearly entire,
flat, pubescent on the
upper surface, silky un-
derneath; germs lan-
ceolate, villous; styles
long.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 697. Pursh, 2. p. 6l2. Nutt. 231.

A shrub 1 — 3 feet high, the branches covered with a silken pubescence.
Leaves about an inch long, linear-lanceolate, on the upper surface hoary and
covered with appressed hairs, becoming glabrous when old; on the under
cloathed with a silken pubescence, furnished with a kw, very small, glandu-

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

669

lar teeth. Stipules lanceolate, subulate, silky. Amenis early, (before the
leaves.) Scales oblong, obtuse, hairy along the margin. Germs lanceolate,
yillous. Styles long. Stigmas 2. Willd.

Grows in wet meadows and mountain swamps; Pennsylvania to Carolina.
Pursh.

Flowers March — April.

** Foliis serratis.

^^ L/eaves serrate.

4. CorviFERA. Wangenlieim.

S. foliis oblongo-lan-
ceolatis, remote serru-
latis, supra glabris, sub-
tus planis, tomentosis;
stipulis lunatis, sub-
dentatis; germinibus
lanceolalis, villosis;
stylo elongato.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 705. Pursh, 2. p. 6l2.
S. Longirostris, Mich. 2. p. 226.

A small shrub, the branches when young pubescent. Leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, finely and acutely serrate, entire near the base, green and
glabrous on the upper surface, soft and tomentose underneath, almost glab-
rous when old. Petioles long. Anient early. Scales lanceolate, very vil-
lous. Germ lanceolate, villous. Style long. Stigmas four.

Grows in shaded, dry, gravelly soils. Pursh.

Flowers March — April.

Leaves oblong-Iaii-
ceolate, remotely serru-
late, glabrous on the
upper surface; flat and
tomentose underneath;
stipules falcate, slightly
toothed; germs lanceo-
late, villous; style long.

Nutt. 2. p. 231.

5. Discolor.

S. foliis oblongis, ob-
tusiusculis, glabris, re-
mote serratis, apice in-
tegerrimis, subtus glau-
cis; amentis sub-coae-
taneis; germinibus ses-
silibus, lanceolatis, pi-
losis.

Leaves oblong, ra-
ther obtuse, glabrous,
remotely serrate, entire
near the summit, glau-
cous underneath; a-
ments appearing with
the leaves; germs ses-
sile, lanceolate, hairy.

670

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

Sp. pi., 4. p. 665. Pursh, 2. p. 6l3. Nutt. 2. p. 231.

A shrub, rarely becoming a tree, branches obscurely brown. Leaves 10
— 15 lines long, rather acute, remotely seirate, entire near the summit, j^lab-
rous on both surfaces, glaucous underneath. Petioles when young pube-
scent, when old glabrous. Stipules small, lanceolate, deciduous. jH.ncnts
about an inch long. Scales oblong, acute, hairy. Anthers at first rt ddrsh.
Germs hairy. Stigma 4-clelt. Willd.

Grows along the banks of Rivers, common. Pursh. New-England to
Carolina.

I'lowers April.

6. HousTONiANA. Pursli.

S. foliis lineari-Iance-
olatis^ acutis, tenuissi-
me serratis, utrinque
glabris, nitidis, coiico-
loribus; stipulis nullis;
amentis coaetaneis, cy-
lindricis, viilosis; squa-
mis ovatis, acutis; fila-
ment is 3 — 5, usque ad
medium barbatis.

Leaves linear-lance-
olate, acute, finely ser-
rate, glabrous, shining,
and uniformly coloured
on both surfaces; sti-
pules 0; araents ap-
pearing with the leaves,
cylindrical, villous;

scales ovate, acute; fi-
laments 3 — 5, bearded
to the middle.

Pursh, 2. p. 614.

Of this species I know nothing. Pursh, upon whose authority it rests,
only says that its branches are very brittle at base; and that it grows in Vir-
ginia and Carolina.

7. Nigra.

S. fohis lanceolatis,
acuminatis, serratis,
glabris; petiolis pube-
scentibus; amentis co-
aetaneis, tetrandris;
germinibus pedicella-
tis, subulatis, slabris.

Leaves lanceolate,
acuminate, serrate,
glabrous: petioles pube-
scent; aments appear-
ing with the leaves, te-
trandrous; germs on pe-
dicels, subulate, glab-
rous.

DIOECIA DIANtJKlA.

671

Sp. pi. 4. p. 657' Pursh, 2. p. 6l4.
S. Pentandrii, Walt. p. 243.
S. Caroliniana, iMich. 2. p. 226.

Nutt. 2. p. 231.

A small tree, from 15 — 20 feet high, generally branching from the base.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate, slightly acuminate, serrulate, glabrous; the ear-
liest leaves slightly pubescent. Petioles 1 — 2 lines long. Sterile aments
about 3 inches long. Scales obovate, obtuse, villous. Filaments generally
5, but varying from 3 — 6, much longer than the scale. Anient of fertile flow-
ers 10 — 15 lines long. Stigmas 3-cleft. Capsule oblong, ovale, glabrous.

We have a remarkable variety of this plant, the young branches and leaves
pubescent, somewhat hoary, almost tomentose; but I have been able to per-
ceive no other diflerence either in the shape or size of the leaves of the tree,
or in the period of flowering.

This, I believe, is the only species of Salix which is found in the low
country of Carolina, except the exotic S. Babylonica and the S. Vitellina,
which are occasionally cultivated in gardens.

It grows in great abundance along the margins of fresh-water rivers, in
SAvanips and wet soils. On the rivers where the stems are found sufficiently
large, I am informed that they are used for the timbers of boats, and are
considered light and durable.

Flowers in March. '

FRAXINUS. Gen. Fl. 1597.

Masculi j^ariter

Hermaph. Calyx 0,
sive 4-partitus. Corol-
la 0, sive 4-petala.
Stamina 2. Pistillum
1. Samara 1 -sperm a
ala lanceolata termina-
ta.

Foeminei. Qalyx
et Corolla ut in mascii-
lo. Stamina 0. Pis-
tillum 1. Samai^a 1-
sperma ala lanceolata
terminata.

Sterile Jlorets. Ca-*
lyx 0, or 4-parted. Co-^
rolla 0, or 4-petalled.
Stamens 2, (sometimes
bearing a gorm and
seed.)

Fertile florets. Ca--
lyx and Corolla as in
the sterile. Stamens
0. Pistil 1. Samara
1-seeded, terminated
with a lanceolate wing.

672

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

1. Epiptera. Mich.

F. foliolis lanceolato-
elliplicis, siib-serratis;
samaris cuiieatis, apice
obtusis^emarginatis, iii-
ferne teretibus.

Leaflets elliptic-lan-
ceolate, slightly serrate;
samara cuneate, ob-
tuse and emarginate at

the summit,
base.

terete at

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1102. Mich. 2. p. 256. Pursh, 1. p. 8. Nutt. 2. p. 231.

A tree of middling size, 40 — 60 feet in height, and rarely exceeding 2
feet in diameter. Leaves unequally pinnate. Leaflets 3 — 4 pair, oval-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, obscurely serrate, strongly veined, almost ribbed, very
glabrous. Flowers in small axillary panicles. Stamens much longer than
the rudiments of the corolla. The fruit in panicles composed of small clus-
ters, terete at base, extending from the summit a very long narrow wing,
slightly emarginate at the summit.

Grows in the high river swamps, Santee. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers in March.

2. Acu3iiNATA. La Marck.

F. foliolis petiolatis,
oblongis, nitidis, acii-
minatis, integerrimis,
subtus glaucis; floribus
ealyculatis.

Leaflets on petioles,
oblong, shining, acumi-
nate, entire, glaucous
underneath; flowers ca-
lyculate.

Pursh, 1. p. 9. Nutt. 2. p. 231.

F. Americana, Sp. pi. 4. p. 1 102. Wah. p. 254.

Icon. Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 106.

A tree 50 — 70 feet high, and sometimes 2 — 3 feet in diameter. Leaves
opposite, and as in a^l of the American species of the genus unequally pin-
nate. Leaflets, 3 — 4 pair, oval-lanceolate, acuminate, generally entire, glab-
rous tindernealh. Fruit somewhat terete at base, with a long lanceolate
wing extending from the centre.

The wood of this species, under the name of White Ash, is said by Mi-
chaux to be employed in preference to that of the other species of this genus.
I believe, however, they are all indisciiminately used. Their wood is light,
elastic, and sufficiently sti'ong, and is much used by Carriage-Makers,
WheelwrightSj p.nd Cabinet-Makers.

Grows as most if not all of the poniis, i)) rich pwnmp or bottom land.

Flowers iMarch.

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

673

3. Carolimana.

F. foliolis j3etiolatis,
lanceolatis, senulalis,
nitidis, glabris; ramulis
glabris;floribus calycu-
latis.

Leaflets on petioles,
lanceolate, serrulate,
shining, glabrous; flow-
ers calyculate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1103. Pursh, l.p. 9. Nutt. 2. p. 231.

Btids dusky as in the preceding species. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets ge-
nerally 3 pair, about 2 inches long, lanceolate, tapering at the summit, ra-
ther obtuse, slightly and obtusely serrulate, entire and narrowed at base,
glabrous on both surfaces, shining on the upper. Floicers calyculate. Willd.

Grows in rocky situations; Pennsylvania and Carolina, scarce. Pursh.

Flowers April.

4. Platycarpa. Mich.

F. foliolis petiolatis
serratis, samarisque
lanceolato-ellipticis.

Leaflets on petioles,
serrate, and hke the
fruit lanceolate-elliptic.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1103. Mich. 2. p. 256. Pursh, 1. p. 9. Nutt. 2. p. 231.
F. Excelsior? Walt. p. 254.

A small tree. Leaves opposite, unequally pinnate. Leaflets oval-laii!-
ceolate, acute, finely but acutely serrate, paler underneath, veins prominent,
pubescent when young, on petioles 2 — 3 lines long. Wing of the fruit broad,
lanceolate, slightly emarginate at the summit, extending from the base of the
seed.

Michaux says that this tree rarely exceeds 30 feet in height. I think
it sometimes becomes a large tree. I have seen, however, as he remarks,
3'oung shoots (probably from old roots) not exceeding ten feet in height,
bearing flowers and fruit in great profusion.

Glows in deep swamps.

Flowers March.

5. PuBESCENS. Walt.

F. foliolis petiolatis,
elliptico-ovatis, serra-
tis, subtus petiolis ra-

VOL. II. Q 4

Leaflets on petioles,
elliptic-ovate, serrate,
the under surface, peti-

674

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

mulisque tomentosis:
floribus calyculatis.

oles and young branch-
es tomentose; flowers
calyculate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1103. Walt. p. 254. Pursh, 1. p. 9- Nutt. 2. p. 231.
F. Tomentosa, Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 112.

A tree 50 — CO feet high, and generally from 1 — 2 in diameter. Leaves
opposite, unequally pinnate. Leaflets 3 or 4 pair, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate with a long summit, serrate, pubescent or tomentose underneath; on pe-
tioles 2 — 3 lines long. Wing of the fruit oblong-lanceolate, slightly emargi-
nate, extending nearly to its base.

Grows in swamps and damp rich soils.

Flowers March — April.

6. Triptera. Nutt.

F. foliolis obovatis,
integerrimis, subsessi-
libus, subtus tomento-
sis, basi obliquis, fructi-
bus latioribuSjobovatis,
plerumque trialatis, ba-
si attenuatis.

Nutt. 2. p. 232.

Points of the leaves obtuse, the underside paler and softly villous, the
common petiole and nerves beneath smooth. Fruit, at first sight, almost
similar to Halesia; more frequently 3 than 2 winged; the seed also 3-sided-.
Nuttall.

Grows in the oak forests of Carolina. Nutt.

Flowers —

Leaflets obov te,
entire, nearly sessile,
tomentose underneath,
oblique at base; fruit
broad, obovate, gene-
rally 3-winged, taper-
ing at base.

BORYA. Willd.

Masculi, Calyx 4-
phyllus. Corolla 0.
Stamina 2 — 3.

Foemineu Calyx 4-
phyllus, inaequahs. Co-
rolla 0. Stigma capi-

Sterilejlorets, Ca^
lyx 4-leaved. Corol-
la 0. Stamens 2 — 3.

Fertile Jiorets, Ca-
lyx 4-leaved, unequal.
Corolla 0. Stigma

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

tatum. Bacca mono-
speniia.

capitate,
seeded.

675
Berry 1-

1. PoRULOSA. Mich.

B. foliis oblongo-
lanceolatis, obtusis, ses-
silibus, eoiiaceis, mar-
gine revolutis, subtus
punctatis.

Leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, sessile,
coriaceous, dotted un-
derneath, the margins
revolute.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 711. Pursh. 1. p. 22. Nutt. 2. p. 232.
Adelia Porulosa, Mich. 2. p. 224.

Leaves ferruginous underneath. Mich.

This species I have not seen.

Grows along the sea-coast of Florida. Mich. In Georgia. Pursh.

Flowers —

2. Acu»iiivATA. Mich.

B. foliis ovali-lance-
olatis, utrinque attenu-
atis, petiolatis, mem-
branaceis, laevissime
serrulatis.

Leaves oval-lanceo-
late, tapering at each
end, on petioles, mem-
branaceous, slightly
serrulate.

Sp.pl. 4. p. 711. Pursh, 1. p. 22. Nult. 2. p: 232.
Adelia Acuminata, Mich. 2. p. 225.

Berry oblong, when young tapering to an acute point. JferneZ striate or
furrowed, resembling a nut. Mich.

Of this species I cannot speak with confidence. The shrub which the
Botanists who have visited the Southern States, have been accustomed to re-
fer to it, resembles it in habit, except that it wants the spinous processes
which are represented in Michaux's figure. But the calyx is 4-parted, the
stamens 4, inserted in the calyx, and some of the flowers appear polyga-
mous. It probably belongs to a distinct genus; but, as I have not seen the
living plant, I cannot decide.

Grows along the margins of rivers in Carolina and Georgia. Mich

Flowers —

676

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

CERATIOLA. Mich.

• MascuLi, Calyx im-
bricatus, squamis plu-
rimis (6 — 8.) Corolla
0. Stamina 2, exserta.
FoemineL Calyx
imbiicatus, squamis
plurimis. Corolla 0.
Stylus 1, b rev is. Stig-
ma inaequaliter multi-
partitum. Bacca 2-
sperma.

Sterile Jlorets, Ca-
lyx imbricate, scales
numrerous (6 — 8.) ( o-
rolla 0. Stamens 2,
exserted.

Fertile Jlorets. Ca-
lyx imbricate, scales
numerous. Corolla 0.
Style 1, short. Stigma
unequally many -part-
ed. Berry 2-seeded.

1. Ericoides. Mich.

Mich. 2. p. 222. Sp. pi. 4. p. 712. Pursh, 1. p. 21. Nutt. 2. p. 232.

An evergreen shrub, 4 — 8 feet high, branches virgate, somewhat verticil-
late; when young tomentose. Leaves linear, glabrous, rigid, with the mar-
pins revolute, 6 — 8 lines long, verticillate, 3 — 4 in each whorl. Flowers
axillary, verticillate, sessile. Scales of the calyx tomentose on the margin,
persistent. Berry small, yellowish, 2-seeded, somewhat persistent. Seed
hard.

This singular plant, which resembles the genus Erica so much in its ap-
pearance and habit, though not in its seminal affinities, grows generally in
the most dry and sandy soils. Near Murphy's Bridge, on the Edisto River,
it covers a space of 3 or 400 yards wide and two or three miles long, which
appears to have been a sand bank formed by some of the antient freshets of
that river, and on which only lichens and a few stunted oaks (Q. Catesbaei
and Nigra) are found intermingled with it. Near Augusta, Mr. Nuttall. St.
Mary's, Pursh. On the sand-hills between Camden and Columbia.

Flowers August and September? The berries are ripe in November.

DIOECIA TETRANDRIA.

(S7?

DIOECIA TETRANDRIA.

VISCUM. Gen. Pl. 1504.

Masculi*
partitas.

Calyx 4-
Corolla 0.
Filamenta 0. Anihe-
rce calyci acliiatae.

Foeminei, Calyx 4
phyllus, superus. Sty-
lus 0. Corolla 0. Bac-
ca 1 -sperm a. Semen
cordatum.

Sterile florets, Ca*
lyx 4-parted. Corolla,
0. Filaments 0. An-
thers attached to the
calyx.

Fertile florets. Co-
lyx 4-leaved, superior.
Style 0. Qorolla 0.
Berry 1-seeded. Seed
cordate.

1. Verticillatum. Lin.

V. ramuUs oppositis
verticillatisque; fohis
cuneato-obovatis, 3
nervibus; spicis axilla-
ribus, foliis pauIo bre-
vioribus; baccis albe-
scentibus. E.

p. 235.

Branches opposite
and verticillate; leaves
cuneate-obovate, 3-
nerved; spikes axillary,
a little shorter than the
leaves; berries nearly
white.

Sp.pl. 4. p. 741. Nutt. 2.

V. Album, Walt. p. 241.

V. Flavescens. Pursh, I. p. 114.

A small shrub, growing parasitically on the branches of old or decayinir
trees; rarely however found on the pine or cedar. Stem 1 — 2 feet long,
branches opposite or verticillate by fours. Leaves perennial, nearly sessilej
tapering at base, 3-nerved, entire, obovate, obtuse, like the branches oppo-
site or verticillate. Spike axillary, opposite or verticillate, nearly as long as
the leaves. Florets very small. Berries yellowish white, pellucid.

Flowers April and May.

The V. Rubrum and Purpureum I have never seen. They are said by
Catesby to inhabit the Bahama Islands, and to be fouud on trees foreign to
our climate.

678

DIOECIA TETRAINDRIA.

MYRICA. Gen. Pl. 1510.

MasculL Amentum
oblongum. Calyx

squama ovata. Corolla
0.

FoemineL Amentum
oblongum. Calyx

squama ovata. Corolla
0. Styli 2. Drupa
monosperma.

1. Cerifera. Lin.

M. foliis cuneato-
lanceolatis, acutis, a-
pice rariter serratis; a-
mentis masculis laxis;
squamis acutis; fructi-
bus globosis minoribus.

Sterile fioret. Anient
oblong. Calyx an o-
vate scale. Corolla 0.

Fertile Jiorets. A-
ment oblong. Calyx
an ovate scale. Corol-
la 0. Styles 2. Drupe
one-seeded.

Leaves cuneate-lan-
ceolate, acute, with a
few serratures near the
summit; sterile aments
loose; scales acute;
fruit globular, small.

Walt. p. 242. Mich. 2. p. 227. Pursh, 2. p. 620.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 745.
Nutt. 2. p. 235.

A small tree 10 — 18 feet high, diffusely branching, the small branches
crowded near the summit of the larger ones. Leaves perennial, alternate,
somewhat coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, sometimes entire, glabrous, dotted,
nearly sessile; when young a little pubescent. Floioers in short cylindrical,
axillary aments. Scale nearly round. Filaments 4, longer than the scales.
Styles of the fertile florets 2, longer than the scales. Stigma simple.

This tree bears its small grey fruit in great profusion. These little drupes
appear to the eye dry and juiceless, but by boiling, a wax of a very pleasant
flavour is extracted from them, which is used in the manufacture of soap
and candles.

Grows in almost all soils, preferring those which are wet and swampy.

Flowers in March — April.

2. Caroliniensis.

M. foliis cuneato- I Leaves cuneate-ob-
oblongis, grosse denta- ! long, coarsely toothed;

DIOECIA TETRANDRIA.

679

tis; amentis masculis
laxis; squamis acutis;
fructibus globosis majo-
ribus.

sterile aments loose;
scales acute; fruit glo-
bular, large.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 746. Pursh, 2. p. 620. Nutt. 2. p. 235.

Very similar to the preceding, but the stem is only 4 or 5 feet high, and
the leaves wider, coarsely toothed, and never entire. Willd.

This species appears to include both the varieties Media and Pumila of
the M. Cerifera of Michaux. I have found it very difficult to ascertain any
specific distinctions; it is, however, a smaller shrub, generally growing about
3 feet high, and its leaves and fruit are larger.

Grows generally in damp pine-barrens; sometimes found in very dry
soils.

Flowers in March and April.

ILEX. Gen. Pl.

MascuLL Calyx 4-
dentatus. Corolla ro-
tata. Stamina 4, inter
lacinias corollae inserta.

Foemineu Qalyx
4-dentatus. Corolla
rotata. Stylus 0. Stig-
mata 27 Bacca 4-
sperma.

Sterile florets, Ca-
lyx 4-tootned. Corolla
rotate. Stamens 4, in-
serted in the divisions
of the corolla.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 4-toothed. Corolla
rotata. Slyte 0. Stig-
mas 2? Berry 4-seed-
ed.

1. Opaca. Aiton.

I. foliis ovali-lance-
olatis, acutis, spinosis,
glabris, planis; floribus
ad basis ramulorum
annotinorum sparsis.

Leaves oval-lanceo-
late, acute, spiny, glab-
rous, flat; flowers scat-
tered at the base of the
branches a year old.

Sp. pl. 1. p. 708. Mich. 2. p. 228.
J. Aquifolium, Wait. p.

Pursh, 1. p. 117. Nutt. 1. p. 109.

680

DIOECIA TETtlANDRIA.

A very beautiful tree, growing in rich soils 30 — 40 feet in height, and 1
— 2 feet in diameter, with a compact, dense, generally oblong head. Leaves
alternate, oval-lanceolate, dentate, the teeth spinous, glabrous, coriaceous, pe-
rennial, lucid on the upper surface, on short petioles. Flowers clustered at
the base of the small branches, on short peduncles. Calyx small, with 4
minute teeth. Corolla small, rotate, 4-parted, white. Fruit, as in all of
our species, a bright scarlet berry, bearing four seeds.

This is one of our niost ornamental trees; its bright deep green, perennial
leaves, and the brilliant colour of its berries, which remain on their pedicels
generally until February, render it in the depths of our winter very conspi-
cuous in our forest scenery. The wood is fine-grained, compact, hard, and
is used by Cabiuet-Makers and Turners in many of their fabrications.

Grows in rich dry soils.

Flowers April — May.

2. Dahoon. Walt.

I. foliis oblongo-lan-
ceolatis, junioribus spi-
noso-serratis, vetei ibus
sub-integris; fasciculis
florum pedunculatis.

Leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, when young
armed with spiny ser-
ratuies, when old fre-
quently entire; clusters
of flowers pedunculate.

Pursh, 1. p. 117. Nutt. 1. p. 109.

Walt. p. 241. Mich. 2. p. 228.
J. Cassine, Sp. pi. 1. p. 709.

A very handsome shrub, 4 to 10 or I2 feet high, with long virgate bran-
ches. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, acute; when young
the serratures are sometimes as acute as those of the I. Opaca; when old the
leaves are frequently entire. Floivers axillary in paniculate clusters, 6 — 10
in each cluster. Corolla white, small. Berry red, persistent.

This plant, wherever in this country it has a popular name, is distinguish-
ed as the Dahoon Holly.

Grows in swamps.

Flowers May.

3. LiGUSTIRIS'A.

I. foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, basi cuneatis,
plerumque integerri-
mis; floribus fertilibus
solitariis. E.

Leaves linear-lance-
olate, cuneate at base,
generally entire; fertile
florets solitary.

DIOECIA TETRANDRIA.

681

I. Anpfiistifolia, Muhl. Cat.

I. Angustifolia var. Ligustrifolia, Pursh, 2. p. 118.

A shrub 6 — 10 feet high, like the rest of the genus Stoloniferous, bran-
ches expanding. Leaves acute, rigid, coriaceous, perennial. Fruit scatter-
ed, solitary.

This shrub has been to me very rare. I have only seen it once, and then
in fruit. Its leaves are as long as those of the I. Dahoon, but not half as
wide; entire, very acute, but not mucronate. It is the I. Angustifolia of
Muhl. Cat.; but this name has been applied to the next species, and to avoid
confusion 1 have restored to this plant the name under which I understand it
was cultivated in the garden of the late William Hamilton of the Wood-
lands, Philadelphia.

Found in fruit in the little Ogeechee Swamp at Preston's Old Field, about
12 miles from Savannah.

4. Myrtifolia. Walt.

I. foliis lineari-lan-
ceolatis, mucronatis, ri-
gidis, utrinque glaber-
rimis; floribus fertili-
bus, solitaiiis. Mich.

Leaves linear-lance-
olate, mucronate, rigid,
very glabrous; fertile
flowers solitary.

Walt. p. 241. Mich. 1. p. 229-

I. Angustifolia, Pursh, 1. p. 118. Nutt. 1. p.

I. Rosmarinifolia, La Marck. Muhl.

109.

A shrub, or rather a small irregular tree, with branches expanding, rigid,
pubescent when very young. Leaves alternate, perennial, sometimes entire,
occasionally with 2 or 3 sharp serratures. Petioles 1 — 2 lines long, pube-
scent. Peduncles of the sterile flowers compoundly triflorous. Segments
of the calyx as long as the tube, acute, erect. Corolla white. Segme7its
oval. Anthers nearly white. (Fertile flowers axillary, solitary. Mich.)

Grows around ponds in flat pine-barrens.

Flowers in May.

5. Cassena.

I. foliis ovalibus, u-
trinque obtusis, crena-
to-serratis.

Leaves oval, obtuse
at each end, crenately
serrate.

Walt. p. 241. Mich. 2. p. 229.
I. Vomitoria, Sp. pi. 1. p. 709. Pursh, 1. p. 118.
VOL. II. R 4

Nutt. 1. p. 109.

682 DIOECIA TRETANDRIA.

A shrub 6 — 15 feet high, stoloniferous, branches virgate, erect, the small
branches expanding, bark glabrous, smooth, when very young pubescent.
Leaves alternate, perennial, glabrous, shining, coriaceous. Flowers in axil-
lary clusters, each peduncle triflorous. Peduncles short, slightly pubescent.
Teeth of the calyx very minute. Segments of the corolla obtuse. Fila-
ments shorter than the corolla, into which they are inserted between the seg-
ments. Berry globose, scarlet, 4-celIed. Seed, one in each cell, boney.

This is a handsome shrub, although its flowers are not conspicuous. It
forms neat hedges, but not sufficiently strong to resist hogs and cattle; they
are thereforf^ only used as ornaments along the borders of gardens.

Grows in loose soils; very abundant near the ocean. A strong decoction
of this plant is used by the tribes of the Creek Indians at the opening of
their councils. They send annually to the sea-coast for a supply of the
leaves. It acts as a mild emetic; hence the name given it in the Hortus
Kewensis. It is universally known in this country as the Cassena, its old
and appropriate name. But even if the name of Aiton should be retained to
this plant, it is surely incorrect to apply the name of Cassena to another spe-
cies, and one to which, in this country, it is never given.

Flowers March and April.

6. Prinoides.

I. foliis deciduis, o-
vali-lanceolatis, uliiii-
que aciitis, sei ratis; pe-
diuiculis l-floris, fertili-
bus solitariis.

Leaves deciduous,
oval-ianceolate, acute
at each end, serrate;
peduncles 1-flowered,
the fertile solitary.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 709. Mich. 2. p. 229. Pursh, 1. p. 118. Nutt. 1. p. 109-
J. Decidua, Walt. p. 241.

A shrub 6 — 8 feet high, and sometimes, I believe, becoming a small tree.
Branches somewhat virgate. Leaves lanceolate, slightly acuminate, glab-
rous with appressed serratures, (I find that the leaves, as well as flowers of
the sterile plant are always smaller than those of the fertile; in each the flow-
ers appear to be clearly hermaphrodite, but in one always abortive. Dr.
Baldwin.)

Grows in dry sandy soils.

Flowers April — May.

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

683

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

HAMILTONIA. Miihl.

31ascidi. Calyx 5-
fidus. Corolla 0. Nec-
tarimn discus 5-denta-
tus. Stamina 5.

Foeminei, Calyx 5-
fidus. Corolla 0. Nec-
iarium discus 5-denta-
tus. Pistillum 1. Dru-
pa iiifera?

1. Oleifera. Muhi.

Sterile floret. Ca-
lyx 5-cleft. Corolla 0.
Nectary a disk 5-tooth-
ed. Stamens 5.

Fertilejlorets. Ca-
lyx 5-cleft. Corolla 0.
Nectary a disk 5-tooth-
ed. Pistil 1. Drnpe
inferior?

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1114. Pursh, 1. p. 178. Nutt. 1. p. 156.
Pyrulariapubera, Mich. 2. p. 233.

A shrub 4 — 6 feet high. Leaves oblong, obovate, acuminate, entire, pe-
liolate, pubescent and strongly veined on the under surface, 2 — 3 inches
long, 1 — 1^ wide, on short petioles. Racemes terminal. Calyx of the
sterile flower short, campanulate, a glandular disk filling its tubular base.
Nut globular, depressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded, inclosed in a fleshy base of the
calyx, hence appearing inferior. Perisperm large, very oily, acrid to the
taste. Nutt.

Grows along the margin of mountain streams, Pennsylvania — Georgia.

Flowers May — June. Pursh.

NYSSA. Gen. Pl. 1599.

3Iasculi, Calyx 5-
partitus. Corolla 0.
Stamina 5 — 10.

Hermafhroditi, Ca-
lyx 5-partitus. Corolla
0. Stamina 5. Pistil-
lum 1. Drupa infera.

Sterile Jlorets, Ca-
lyx 5-parted. Corolla
0. Stamens 5 — 10.

Fertilejlorets, Ca-
lyx 5-parted. Corolla

0. Stamens 5. Pistil

1. Drupe inferior.

684

PIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

1. MULTIFLORA. Walt.

N. foliis ovali-Ian-
ceolatis, integerrimis,
iitrinque acutis, petio-
le, costa media, margi-
neque villosis; pedun-
culis foemineis multiflo-
ris (3—8.)

Leaves oval-Ianceo-
late, entire, acute at
each end, with the pe-
tiole, midrib and mar-
gin villous; fruit bear-
ing peduncles many
flowered.

Walt. p. 253.

N. Villosa, Mich. 2. p. 253. Sp. pi. 4. p. 1112. Pursh, 1. p. 177-
Nutt. 2. p. 236.

N. Sylvatica, Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 260.

A tree 40 — 50 feet high, and 1 — 2 feet in diameter, with a head rather
compact and close. Leaves oval-lanceolate, entire, rather short, the petiole
and under surface generally pubescent, sometimes though rarely villous.
Flowers in small somewhat umbellate clusters. Fertile florets 5 to S or 10
in a cluster, though rarely maturing more than three. Sterile florets more
numerous. Common peduncle axillary, solitary, 1 — 2 inches long. Drupe
nearly spherical, black-blue.

This tree grows generally in damp clayey soils. Its wood does not easily
split, and it is used therefore for the nuts of wheels, and for a few other pur-
poses. It is usually called the Black Gum or high-ground Gum. The leaves
with us rarely exceed two inches in length, and differ much from the figure
of Michaux.

Flowers in April.

2. AauATicA. Lin.

N. foliis oblongo-
lanceolatis, integerri-
mis, utrinque acutis,
glabris; pedunculis foe-
mineis bifloris.

Leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, entire, acute at
each end, glabrous;
fruit bearing peduncles
2-flowered.

Sp. pi. Ed. pr. 1511. Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 265.

N. Biflora, Walt. p. 253. Mich. 2. p. 259- Pursh, 1. p. 177- Nutt. 2.
p. 236.

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

683

A tree, which around ponds or in poor soils rarely exceeds 30 — 40 feet in
height, but which, in the deep river swamps becomes one of the largest trees
of our forests, 60—80 feet in heipfht, and 2 — 4 in diameter. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate, very acute, entire, sometimes slightly pubescent underneath. Ste-
rile tlowfrs numerous, very small. Stamens in the whole genus, as remark-
ed by Nuttall, variable, but more frequently I believe 5 than 10. Fertile
florets almost invariably 2, Fruit oval, compressed, dark blue.

Leaves with us longer than those of the N. Multiflora.

Grows in swamps and wet soils.

Flowers April — May.

3. Capitata. Walt.

N. foliis brevissime
petiolatis, oblongo-Ian-
ceolatis, ovalibusque,
sub-integerrimis, sub-
tus pubescentibiis sub-
canisqiie; pedunculis
masculis capitatis; foe-
mineis unifloris. E.

Leaves on very
sihort petioles, oblong-
lanceolate and oval,
nearly entire, pube-
scent and somewhat
hoary underneath; ste-
rile florets capitate;
fertile one-flowered.

Walt. p. 253. Mich, arb, foi. 2. p. 257-
N. Candicans, Mich. 2. p. 259. Sp. pi. 4. p. 1113.
Nutt. 2. p. 236.

Pursh, 1. p. 177.

A small irregular tree, very often not exceeding the size of a shrub, and, I
believe, rarely reaching the height of 20 feet. Leaves oblong-oval, often vary-
ing, ovate or obovate, sometimes obtuse, sometimes cuneate at base, always
pubescent and somewhat hoary underneath, sometimes denticulate. Sterile
flowers in compact heads. Calyx tomentose. Stamens much longer than
the calyx. Fertile florets solitary, on a short peduncle. Calyx very tomen-
tose. Style sometimes 2-cleft. Fruit ovate; when ripe of a dull red colour
and pleasantly subacid.

The Ogeechee River appears to be the northern limit of this tree; the
pleasant acid of its fruit induced some of the early inhabitants of Georgia to
use it as a substitute for the lime, hence its common name of the Ogeechee
Lime, but its last flavour is austere.

Grows around ponds in wet sandy soils.

Flowers April — JMay.

4. To3iENTosA. Mich.

N. foliis longe petio-
latis, oblongis, acunii-

Leaves on long pe-
tioles, oblong, acumi-

686

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

natis, acute dentatis,
subtus tomentosis; pe-
diinculis foemineis u-
nifloris.

nate, acutely toothed,
tomentose underneath;
fruit bearing peduncles
one-flowered.

Mich. 2. p. 259. Sp, pi. 4. p. 1113. Pursb, 1. p. 177- Nutt. 2. p. 236.

Leaves every where acutely and coarsely toothed. Small bracteal leaves
longer than the germ. Seginents of the calyx cuneate. Mich.
With this tree I am unacquainted.

Grows near the river St. Mary's, Georgia, and in Florida. Mich.
Flowers —

5. Unifloka. Walt.

N. foliis longe petio-
latis, oblongis, acumi-
natis, parce angulato-
dentatis; subtus sub-
pubescentibus, inferio-
ribus sub-cordatis; pe-
dunculis foemineis uni-
floris.

Leaves on long peti-
oles, oblong, acumi-
nate, sparingly and an-
gularly toothed, slight-
ly pubescent under-
neath, the lower ones
sometimes cordate;

fruit bearing peduncles
one-flowered.

N. Angulisans, Mich. 2. p. 2.59.

N. Denticulata, Ait. Kew. 3. p. 446. Sp. pi. 4. p. 1114. Pursh, 1. p.
178. Nutt. 2. p. 236.
N. Grandidentata, Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 252.

A large tree 60 — 80 feet in heigiit, 2 — 4 in diameter. Leaves large,
ovate and oval-lanceolate, irregularly and acutely toothed, sometimes only
on one margin, pubescent underneath, particularly along the nerves, the lower
or older leaves distinctly cordate. The sterile florets I have never noticed.
Fertile solitary, axillary. Fruit oval or ovate, large, dark blue.

Grows in deep swamps. A truly aquatic tree. I have seen it flourishing
in mill-ponds and ''back waters," where the water has been maintained for
half a century from 5 to 8 feet deep. I believe the N. Aquatica grows also
in similar situations. The root of this tree is as light as the bark of the cork
tree, (Quercus suber") but wants elasticity.

Flowers April — May.

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

687

VITIS. Gen. Pl. 396.

Masculu Calyx 5-
dentatus. Corolla, pe-
tala 5, apice cohaeren-
tia.

Foeminei. Calyx et
Corolla maris. Bacca
S-sperma, supera.

Sterile florets. Ca-
lyx 5 -toothed. Cor^olla
5-petalled, cohering at
the summit.

Fertile Florets, Ca-
lyx and Corolla as in
the sterile. Berry 5-
seeded, superior.

1. ROTUNDIFOLIA. Mich.

V. foliis utrinque hi-
cidis, cordatis, inaequa-
liter dentatis; racemo-
rum floribus phiries ca-
pitulatis; baccis mag
nis.

Leaves on both sides
lucid, cordate, unequal-
ly toothed; flowers of
the raccemes in many
small heads; berries

large.

Mich. 2. p. 231. Pursh, 1. p.

V. Vulpina, Walt. 243.

V. Vulpina? Sp. pl. 1. p. 1181.

169. Nutt. 1. p. 143.

This vine varies much in size, sometimes ascending the loftiest trees, more
frequently humble. Young branches tomentose. Leaves 2 — 3 inches in
diameter, cordate, round, shining, glabrous, but with small tufts of hair at the
junction of the veins, commonly with 3 — 5 prominent teeth, and the resi-
due by no means equal. Flowers polygamous, in racemes composed of
simple heads, 6 — 8 flowered. Fruit large, J — 8 lines in diameter, covered
with a coriaceous integument, the flavor not unpleasant. This species of
grape may be, perhaps at some future day, cultivated advantageously.

The real V. Vulpina of Linnaeus has been a subject of some doubt. I
have long supposed that this may have been his original species. The cha-
racters agree sufficiently well, and notwithstanding the remark of Michaux,
that this is commonly called the Muscadine Grape, as far as my observations
reach, it is, in our low country, uniformly and universally known under the
name of Fox Grape. Linneeus may have received his name and specimen?
from the Southern States. ;

Grows in light rich soils.

Flowers May. Fruit ripens in July and August.

638

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

2. CoRDiFOLiA. Mich.

V. foliis cordatis, a
cuminatis, sub-aequali-
ter dentatis, utrinque
glabris; racemis laxe
multifloris; baccis par-
vulis serolinis.

Leaves cordate, acu-
minate, almost equally
toothed, glabrous on
each surface; racemes
loosely many flowered;
berries small, late.

Mich. 2. p. 231. Pursh, 1. p. l69. Nutt. 1. p. 143.

Berries pale, small, ripening late in the season, of a very tart taste,
Pursh. Winter Grape.

Grows in rich soils and along the margins of rivers.
Flowers May.

3. RiPARiA. Mich.

V. foliis inaequaliter
incisodentatis brevius-
cule trifidis; petiolo,
nervis margineque pu-
bescentibus.

Leaves unequally
notched and toothed;
slightly 3-clefi; the pe-
tiole, nerves and mar-
gin pubescent.

Mich. 2, p. 231. Pursh, 1. p. l69. Nutt. 1. p. 143.

Flowers very fragrant. Pursh.

To this species probably belongs the winter grape of our upper districts,
which promises to become valuable when duly cultivated. It is said to sur-
pass in flavour all of our native grapes. I hnve endeavoured several times
unsuccessfully to cultivate it in our low country, and can only speak of it
from report.

Grows in rich soils along the margin of rivers.

Flowers May — July. Pursh.

4. AESTIVALIS. Mich.

V. foliis lato-corda-
tis, 3 — 5 lobatis, sub-
tus tooientosis, puberu-
fu; sinubus rotundato-

Leaves broad, cord-
ate, 3 — 5 lobed, to-
mentose underneath;
down rufous; the sinu-

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

689

obtusis; paniculisfertili-
bus obloiigis; baccis
parvulis.

ses rounded, obtuse;
fertile panicles oblong;
berries small.

Mich. 2. p. 230. Pursh, 1. p. l69. Nutt. 1. p. 143.
V. Labrusca, Walt. p. 242.

A vine climbinir the loftiest trees in our forests, the old branches glabrous
with the bark fibrous, the youn* tomentose. Leaves nearly round, some-
limes entire, sometimes much dissected, always dentate. Petioles 2 — 5
inches long, tomentose. Plant polygamous and dioicous. The flowers simi-
lar on every plant. Panicles opposite the leaves, composed of small fasci-
cles 3 — 6-flowered, a short villous leaf at the base of each fascicle. Calyx
persistently entire, binding the base of the germ. Corolla 5-petalled, cadu-
cous, greenish, the petals adhering at the summit. Nectary a yellow, trun-
cate gland, surrounding the germ. Filaments longer than the corolla, in-
serted with the petals between the calyx and the germ. Anthers erect. In
the sterile flowers only the rudiments of a germ can be discovered. In the
fertile the germ is above, turbinate, tapering to a short style. Stigma ob-
tuse. Berry small, black, ver}' acid and austere.

Grows in rich lands, and its size is supposed by many to be one of the
best indications of soil which our forests furnish.

Flowers May.

5. Labrusca. Lin.

V. foJiis lato-corda-
tis, sublobato-angula-
tis, subtus incano-to-
mentosis; racemis ferti-

libus parvis;
majoribus.

baccis

Leaves broad, cor-
date, somewhat lobed
and angled, hoary and
tomentose underneath;
racemes fertile, small;
berries large.

Sp. pi. 1. p. 1181. Mich. 2. p. 230. Pursh, 1. p. l69. Nutt. 1. p. 143.
V. Taurina, Walt. p. 242.

This is one of our largest species of vine, climbing over the loftiest trees
of our forest, and covering them whh large, thick and almost tomentose
leaves. The fruit large and in small clusters of an austere and disagreeable
flavour, ripening in August and September.

Grows on high spots in the deep river swamps, preferring always the
richest soils.

VOL. II,

690

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

ZANTHOXYLUM. Gen. Pl. 1512.

Mcisculi. Calyx 5-
partitus. Corolla 0.
Stamina 3, 5, 6, 8.

Foeminei, Calyx 5
partitus. Corolla 0,
seu 5-petala. Styli 2,
3, 5. Capsuloi 2, 3, 5,
monospermae.

Sterile jlorets, Ca^
lyx 5-parted. Corol-
la 0. Stamens 3, 5,
6, 8.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 5-parted. Corol-
la 0, or 5-petalled.
Styles 2, 3, 5. Cap-
sules 2y 3f 5, one-seed-
ed.

1. Clava Herculis.

Z. aculeatum; foliis
pinnatis, foliolis ovatis,
acLiminatis, repandis,
basi aequalibus; petio-
lo communi aculeato;
floribus termiiialibus
paniculatis.

Sp. pl. 4. p. 754. Nutt. 2. p. 236.
Z. Ramiflorum, Mich, 2. p. 235.
Z. Fraxineum, Pursh, 1 . p. 209-

With this species I am entirely unacquainted. Does it not reall\' belong
to the West Indies? The "Hercules Club"' of our Negroes and Country-
men is, as far as I hav^e been able to ascertain, the Aralia Spinosa.

Grows in the woods of the West Indies and Carolina. Lin.

Flowers —

Prickly; leaves pin-
nate, leaflets ovate,
acuminate, repand, e-
qual at base; common
petiole prickly; flowers
terminal paniculate.

2. Tricarpu]>i. Mich.

Z. foliis glaberrimis,
pinnatis; foliolis petio-
latis, falcato-lanceola-

gla-

Leaves very
brous, pinnate; leaflets
on petioles; falcate Ian-

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

691

lis, crenato-serratis;
petiolis inennibus; flo-
ribus corollalis; capsu-
lis subteniis. E.

ceolate, crenately ser-
rate; petioles imaimed;
flowers bearing petals;
capsules generally by
threes.

-Mich. 2. p. 235 Pursh, 1. p. 210. Niitt. 2. p. 236.
Z. Fraxinifolium, Walt. p. 243.

A small tree 12 — 20 feet high and 6 — 10 inches in diameter, with nume-
rous expanding branches, and the old bark thickly studded with prickles,
very acute at the summit, dilated at base, ovoid, and sometimes an inch in
their longest diameter. Leaves alternate unequally pinnate, leaflets (3 — 4
pair) obliquely lanceolate, generally equal at base, sparingly dotted, lucid on
tiie upper surface, the terminal leaf not oblique. Floivers in terminal pani-
cles composed of small umbels, the florets on pedicels about 5 lines long.
Calyx very small, 5-parted. Corolla 5-petalled, petals oval, much longer
than the calyx. Stamens variable, more frequently 5 than any other num-
ber, longer than the corolla. StT/les in the fertile flowers 2 or 3, incurved
gibbous. Stigmas simple. Capsules 1 -seeded.

Grows in dry sandy soils, confined I believe to the sea-coast. The leaves
are very aromatic and pungent. Prickly Ash.

Flowers June.

PANAX. Gen. Pl. 1604.

3Iasculi, Umbella.
Calyx integer. Corol-
la 5-petala. Stamina
5.

HermaphroditL Um-
bella, Calyx 5-denta-
tus, superus. Corolla
5-petala. Stamina 5.
Styli 2. Bacca dis-
perma, infera.

Sterile Jiorets in an
umbel. Calyx entire.
Corolla 5-petalled.
Stamens 5.

Fertile Jiorets in an
umbel. Calyx 5-tooth-
ed, superior. Corolla
5-petalled. Stamens
5. Styles 2. Berry
2-seeded5 inferior.

1. QuirVQUEFOLlUM.

P. radice fusiformi;
foliis ternis. quinatis,

Root fusiform; leaves
ternate. quinate. the

692

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA,

foliolis ovalibus, acumi-
nalis sericitis, peliola-
tis.

leaflets oval, acumi-
n;Ue, serrate, on peti-
oles.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1124. Walt. p. 253. Mich. 2. p. 256. Pursh, 1. p. 191.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, about a foot high, generally bearing 3
leaves at the summit, each leaf bearing 5 leaflets on short petioles; leaflets
oblong oval or obovate, acuminate, coarsely serrate, membranaceous, gla-
brous. Flotvei's in a central umbel proceeding from the summit of the stem.
Common peduncle about as long as the common petiole. Iiivolucrum many
leaved, leaves ovate with a subulate summit. Styles sometimes 3, the berry
then 3-seeded.

Grows in rich soils in the mountains.

Flowers May. Pursh.

2. Trifolium.

P.radice subrotundo-
tuberosa; foliis ternis,
tertiatis qninatisve, fo-
liolis oblongo-lanceola-
tis, serratis, subsessili-
bus.

Root tuberous, near-
ly round; leaves by
threes, ternate or qui-
nate, leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, serrate,
nearly sessile.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1124. Walt. p. 253. Mich. 2. p. 257. Pursh, 1. p. 191.
Nutt. 1. p. 176.

A plant much smaller than the preceding. Leaves 3, each bearing 3
leaflets, leaflets small, lanceolate, acutely serrate, nearly sessile. Peduncle
of the fertile umbel about as long as the leaf; of the sterile longer. Sterile
florets very numerous; fertile florets few. Styles very frequently 3.

Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers in May.

IRESINE. Gen. Pl. 4. p. 764.

3IasculL Calyx 2-
phyllus. Corolla 5-
petala. Nectaria 5
sive 7.

Foeminei, Cah/x
2-phyllus. Corolla 5-

Stprile florets. Ca-
lyx 2-leaved. Corolla
5-petalled. Nectaries
5 or 7.

Fert He Jlorets. Ca -
lyx 2-leaved. Corolla

DIOECIA PENTANDRfA.

693

petala. Stigmata 2,
sessilia. Capsula se-
minibus tomentosis.

1. Celosioides.

I. foliis pnnctato-sca-
bris, inferioribiis ob-
longis, acuiiiinatis, sii-
pei'io»ibus ovalo-lance-
olatis; panicula ramo-
sa conferta; caule sul-
calo.

5~pelalled. Stigmas
2, sessile. Capsule
with tomenlose seed.

Leaves dotted, sca-
brous, the lower ob-
long, acuminaie, the
upper ovate-lanceolate;
panicle brandling,

crowded; stem furrow-
ed.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 764. Mich. 2. p. 243. Nutt. 2. p. 236.

Roof annual. Stem erect, 3 — 4 feet high, sulcate, glabrous, fistulous,
thickened at the joints, branches opposite. Leaves opposite, lanceolate
and ovate lanceolate, with a long tapering summit, irregularly serrulate, sca-
brous particularly on the upper surface, 2 — 3 inches long, 4 — 6 lines wide.
Fhwers m compound terminal panicles composed of small spikes. Sterile
floret; calvx 3-leaved, persistent, leaves lanceolate, membranaceous, white;
corolla 5-leaved, leaves twice as lone as the calyx, membranaceous, white;
stamens 5, much shorter than the corolla, attached to the base of the nec-
tary; nectary composed of 6 or 7 globular, yellow, glandular bodies situated
between the filaments. Fertile florets; calyx and corolla similar to those of
the sterile floret, but with the corolla surrounded with long hair. G«t»» supe-
rior. Sti/les 2, short. Capsule ovate, 1-ceIled. Seed 1, shining, compressed.

Our plant appears to differ in some respects from the usual character of
the genus.

Grows along the saline rushes (scirpi, &c.) along the shore.

Flowers September — October.

ACNIDA. Gen. Pl. 1521.

Mas cull. Calyx 5-
partitus. Coi^olla 0.

Foeminei. Calyx 3-
partitus. Corolla 0.
Styli 0. Stigmata 3
— 5, sessilia. Capsu-
la monosperma.

Sterile florets. Ca-
lyx 5-parted. Corol-
la 0.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 3-parted. Corol-
la 0. Styles 0. Stig-
mas 3 — 5, sessile. Cajj-
sule 1 -seeded.

694

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

1. Cannabina. Lin.

A. foliis ovalo-lance-
olatis; capsulis laevibiis
aciitangulis.

Leaves ovate lance-
olate; capsules smooth,
acutely angled.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 767. Mich. 2. p. 234. Pursh, 1. p. 208. Nutt. 2. p: 237-

Root fibrous, annual. Stem ereet, 4 — 8 feet high, slightly angled, very
glabrous, a little fistulous. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acute at each
end, ribbed, obscurely crenulate, 2 — 5 inches long, one to two and a half
wide, on petioles 1 — 3 inches long, generally coloured. Floivers in large
panicles axillary and terminal, the sterile more slender than the fertile.
Florets all sessile, or on very slender pedicels. Sterile florets; calyx 5-
parted (5-leaved?) segments lanceolate, acute, glabrous, the margins coloured
(obscurely red:) corolla 0; stamens 5, as long as the calyx. Fertile florets;
calyx 3-parted, persistent; corolla 0. Gertn superior. Stifles 0. Stigmas
3 — 5, reflexed. almost plumose. Capsule ovate, 3 — 5 angled, agreeing in
number with the stigmas. Angles obtuse or acute, slightly rugose, not
opening. Seed ovate, compressed, glabrous, tapering at base by which it is
attached to the base of the capsule.

Grows in marshes and wet soils along the margins of our fresh water riv-
ers, resembling very much an amaranth.

Flowers October — November.

2. RusocARPA. Mich.

A. foliis ovali-lance- Leaves oval-lanceo-
olatis; capsulis obtus- late; capsules obtusely

angulis, rugosis.

angled, rugose.

Mich. 2. p. 234. Sp. pi. 4. p. 768. Pursh, 1. p. 208. Nutt. 2. p. 237-

Plant large, erect, 6 — 8 feet high. Stem thick, fistulous, angled. Mich.

With this species I am unacquainted. At least I have noticed but one
species in our marshes, and as I felt some doubt where to refer it, I have
described it with some minuteness.

Grows along the marshes of our rivers from Canada to Florida. Nutt.

Flowers —

HUMULUS. Gen. Pl. 1523.

Mas cull. Calyx 5-
pliyllus. Corolla 0.

Foemineu Calyx 1-

Sterile florets. Ca-
lyx 5-leaved. Qorol-
la 0.

Fertile florets. Ca-

DIOECIA HEXAxNDRIA.

695

phyllus, oblique patens-
mteger. Corolla 0.
Siyli 2. Semen 1 in-
tra cal} cem foliatuni.

lyx 1-leaved, obliquely
expanding, entire. Co-
rolla 0. Styles 2.
Seed 1 within the lea-
fy calyx.

1. LupuLUS. Lin.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 769. Mich. 2. p. 230. Pursh, 1. p. 199. Nutt. 2. p. 237.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, twining, scabrous. Leaves opposite,
3 — 5 lobed, veiny, scabrous, serrate, on petioles 2 — 4 inches long. Sterile
flowers alternate and coarsely paniculate, axillary and terminal. Fertile
florets verticillate and sessile, densely spiked, forming axillary and terminal
panicles. Seed one, small, covered by the persistent calyx forming a stro-
bilus in which the fragrant bitter so valuable if not indispenable in the manu-
facturing of beer resides.

Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.

Flowers June — August.

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

SMILAX. Gen. Pl. 1528.

Masculi* Calyx 6-
phyllus. Corolla 0.

FoemineL Calyx
6-phyllus. Corolla 0.
Styli 3. Bacca 3-lo-
cularis. Seniina 2.

Sterile florets. Ca-
lyx 6-Ieaved. Corol-
la 0.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 6-leaved. Corolla
0. Styles 3. Berry
3 -celled. Seeds 2.

^ Caule fruticoso.

^

Stem shruhhy.

696

DIOECIA HEXANDillA.

1. Hastata. Willd.

S. caiile angiilato,
aculeato; ramulis iner-
mibus; foliis lanceola-
lis, acuniinatis, basi
auriculato-hastatis, tri-
nervibus, margime cilia-
to-acLileatis.

Stem angled, prick-
ly; branches unarmed;
leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate, auriculate and
hastate at base, three
nerved, the
fringed with prickles.

margm

Sp. pi. 4. p. 782. Piirsh, 1. p. 249. Niitt. 2. p. 238.
S. Bona nox, var. b. Lin. Walt. p. 245. Mich. 2. p. 237.

A twining plant climbine over small shrubs. Stem slightly ansfled, gla-
brous, when old armed with small prickles, the young branches distinctly
angled, unarmed, heaves alternate, on petioles nearly an inch long, has-
tate at base, the summit long, narrow lanceolate, 3 -nerved with two smaller
lateral nerves, glabrous, ciliate, soaietimes entire. Fiowers in small axillary
umbels, the common peduncle about an inch long. Berry globose, black?

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers June — July.

2. Bona nox. Lin.

S. caule inermi, an-
gulato; foliis cordato-
ovatis, acutis, septem
nervibus, ciliato-acule-
atis.

Stem unarmed, an-
gled; leaves cordate-
ovate, acute, 7-nerved,
fringed with prickles.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 781. Pursh, 1. p. 249. Nutt. 2. p. 238.
S. Variegata, Walt. p. 244.

A vine similar to the preceding, and like that the old wood becomes pric-
kly, heaves cordate, ovate, sometimes slightly hastate, glabrous, disco-
loured or variegated on the upper surface, armed with small prickles on the
midrib and along the margin. Berries black?

Grows like most of the genus in damp rich soils along the margins of
swamps.

Flowers June — Julv.

PIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

697

3. QUADRANGULARIS. Muhl.

S. caule aculeato,
telragono; foliis iner-
mibus, ovatis, acutis,
qiiinquenervibiis.

Stem prickly, 4-an-
gled; leaves unarmed,
ovale, acute, 5-nerved.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 775. Pursh, 1. p. 249. Nutt. 2. p. 238.

Stem 4-angled, unarmed towards the summit, bearing a iev/ scattered
prickles near the base. Leaves ovate, slightly cordate, acute, 5-nerved,
reticulate. Willd. Berries black. Pursh.

Grows in dry woods along the edges of ponds from Pennsylvania to Ca-
rolina. Pursh.

Flowers June — July.

4. Walteri. Pursh.

S. aculeata; foliis
cordato-ovatis, laevi-
bus, 3-nervibus; baccis
acuminatis.

Prickly; leaves cor-
date ovate, siAooth, 3-
nerved; berries acumi-
nate.

Pursh, l.p. 249.

S. China, Walt. p. 245.

Stem angled, spiny. Leaves cordate ovate, 3-nerved, smooth. Berries
red, acuminate, 3-seeded. Walt.

Of this species of Walter I have no knowledge; I insert it to excite inqui-
ry. Walter lived in a situation favourable to the examination of this genus,
and appears to have paid it much attention.

Grows along the rivers in the low country of Virginia and Carolina. Ber-
ries red. Pursh.

Flowers July. Pursh.

5. Sarsaparilla. Lin.

S. caule aculeato,
subtetragono; foliis in-
ermibus, ovato-lanceo-
latis, cuspidatis, sub-
quinquenervibus, sub-
tus glaucis; pedunculis
elongatis.

Stem prickly, slight-
ly 4-angled; leaves un-
armed, ovate lanceo-
late, cuspidate, some-
what 5-nerved, glau-

cous underneath;
d uncles long.

pe-

VOL. II.

T 4

698

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 776. Pursh, l.p. 249. Nutt. 2. p. 238.
S. Glftuca, Walt. p. 245. Mich. 2. p. 237-

Stem 4-angled, prickly, prickles scattered, subulate, incurved. Leaves
two inches long and upwards, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, dilated and then
suddenly contracted into a petiole, glaucescent underneath, with thiee dis-
tinct and two obscure nerves. Willd. Peduncles long. Flowers small.
Berries black, 3-seeded.

Grows in rich soils; sometimes found in those that are dry.

Flowers June — July.

6. OvATA. Pursh.

S. subinermis; foliis
ineimibus, ovatis, acu-
tis, ,CLispidatis, 3-nervi-
bus, coocoloribus; pe-
dmiculo-coiiimiioi peti-
olis bieviore.

Generally unarmed;
leaves unarmed, ovate,
acute, cuspidate, 3-
nerved, uniformly co-
loured; common pedu-
cle shorter than the pe-
tiole.

Pursh, 1. p. 249. Nutt. 2. p. 238.

I refer to the S. Ovata of Pursh the sea-shore species of Smilax so remark-
able for the fragrance of its flowers. Stem nearly terete, unarmed, branch-
ing, geniculate and covering the small shrubs over which it grows. Leaves
perennial, ovate and oval, generally obtuse, always mucronate, 3-nerved,
reticulate, on short petioles. Flowers in small umbels, common pedicel
about half an inch long. Corolla greenish, very fragrant. Berries black?

Grows in dry sandy soils, common on the sea islands near the margin of
the ocean.

Flowers June and July. ,

7. Lanceolata. Lin.

S. inermis; foliis lan-
ceolatis ovatisque, a-
cutis vel acuminatis, 3
— 5 nervibus, glaberri-
mis, perennantibus;
umbellis multifloris, pe-
dunculis brevibus. E.

Unarmed; leaves
lanceolate and ovate,
acute or acuminate, 3
— 5 nerved, very gla-
brous, perennial; um-
bels many flowered:
peduncles short.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 783. Pursh, 1. p. 250. Nutt. 2. p. 238.
S. Pseudo China? Walt. p. 244.

DIOECIA HEXAiSDRIA.

699

A vine climbing over shrubs sometimes 15 or 20 feet high, terete, with its
upper branches unarmed. Leaves somewhat membranaceous, entire, vary-
ins: a little in their figure, acute or slightly acuminate, and very often a little
oblique near the summit, paler underneath, with 3 distinct tliough not promi-
nent and two obscure nerves, on a petiole about 3 lines long. Flowers nu-
merous in small axillary umbels on a common peduncle rarely half an inch
long. Berries red.

Grows like most of the genus in damp rich soils.

Flowers May — Juile.

8. Laurifolia. Lin.

S. aculeata, ramis
inermibus; foliis ovali-
lanceolatis, paulo acu-
minatis, 3-iiervibus,
coriaceis, lucidis, pe-
rennantibus; umbellis
brevissime peduiicula-
tis.

Prickly, branches
unarmed; leaves oval
lanceolate, slightly acu-
minate, 3-nerved, cori-
aceous, lucid, perenni-
al; umbels on short pe-
duncles.

Walt. p. 245. Mich. 2. p. 237. Pursh, 1. p. 250.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 779.
Nutt. 2. p. 238.

Stem climbing to a considerable height, armed near the base, the branches
terete, smooth. Leaves numerous, somewhat crowded, oblong, elliptic with
a sudden and slight acumination at the point, rigid, coriaceous, lucid, peren-
nial. Flowers small, in axillary umbels, common peduncle very short, not
as long as the pedicels. (^Berries spherical, black, one-seeded. Walt.)

Grows in swamps and wet soils.

Flowers July. The fruit matures late in the winter.

9. PuMiLA. Walt

. S. inermis; foliis cor-
dato-ovatis, integerri-
mis, sub 5-nervibus,
subtus molliter pubes-
centibus; umbellis bre-
viter pedunculatis, pe-
dicellis brevissimis;
baccis oblongis acutis;
caule procumbente. E.

Unarmed;

leaves

cordate, ovate, entire,
somewhat 5-nerved,
softly pubescent under-
neath; umbels on short
peduncles, pedicels ve-
ry short; berries ob-
long acute; stem pro-
cumbent.

700 DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

Walt. p. 244.

S. Piibera, Mich. 2. p. 238. Sp. pi. 4. p. 785. Pursh, 1. p. 250. Nutt.
2. p. 238.

Stem prostrate, rarely exceeding 3 or 4 feet long, pubescent, sparingly
branched, unarmed. Leaves perennial, alternate, cordate ovate, obtuse,
niucronate, scabrous on the upper surface, almost toraentose and hoary un-
derneath, 5-nerved the exterior obscure, on petioles 1 — 3 inches long. Flow-
ers in small axillary umbels, the common peduncle 5 — 10 lines long, the
partial 1 — 2 lines. Calyx of both florets 6-leaved, 3 exterior, oblong, green-
ish yellow. Corolla 0. Stamens shorter than the corolla, rugose, between
the interior petals of the fertile flower are often found the rudiments of 3 sta-
mens. Germ superior. Style short thick. Berry oval, white, 1-seeded?

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers September — October. Matures its fruit in March.

10. PsEUDO China. Lin.

S. inermis; foliis in-
ermibus, caulinis cor-
datis, rameis ovato-ob-
longis, 5-nervibus; pe-
dunculis longissirais.

Unarmed; leaves un-
armed, those of the
stem cordate, of the
branches ovale oblong,
5-nerved; peduncles
very long.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 785. Pursh, 2. p. 250. Nutt. 2. p. 238.
S. Sarsaparilla, Walt. p. 245.

Roots tuberous, creeping, nodose. Stem climbing over small shrubs.
Leaves as in most of the genus semiperennial, many of them adhering to the
stem during the winter. The lower leaves distinctly cordate, nerved, the
young ones ovate. Berries black?

Most of the species of this genus have large tuberous roots, but in this
they are very conspicuous. This species is, I believe, the one generally
preferred in medicine as an alterative, and forms the basis of many "diet-
drinks" among the "unlicensed faculty." From these roots, with Indian
corn, (maize) sassafras and molasses, the negroes manufacture a very plea-
sant beer.

Grows in almost all soils, frequently found in dry sandy situations.

Flowers June — July.-*

11. RoTUNDiFOLiA. Lin.

S. caule aculeato, te- 1 Stem prickly, some-
retiusculo; foliis subro- what terete; leaves
tundo-ovatis, acumina- 1 ovate, nearly round,

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

701

tis, Inevissime cordatis, j acuminate, slightly cor-
quinquenervibus. | date, 5-nerved.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 779. Walt. p. 245. Mich. 2. p. 237. Pursli, 1. p. 250.
Nutt. 2. p. 238.

Stem terete, sometimes slightly aneled, flexuous, armed with small acute
prickles. Leaves cordate, nearly round, mucronate, entire, 5 — 7 nerved, 3
more distinct than the others, paler or glaucescent underneath. (Berries
spheiical. Mich.)

Grows in rich shaded soils.

Flowers June. Pursh.

12. Caduca. Lin.

S. aculeata; foliis
ovAtis, mucronalis,

membrnnaceis, 5 nervi-

Prickly; leaves o-
vate, mucionate, mem-
branaceous, 5-nerved;

bus; pednnculo commu- common peduncle

ni vix petiolis longiore. scarcely longer than

the peiioles.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 780. Pursh, 1. p. 250. Nutt. 2. p. 238.

Stem flexuous, sometimes angled, very thinly armed with prickles.
Leaves annual, ovate, entire, mucronate, with 3 nerves as usual more dis-
tinct than the rest, when young often acuminate, very thin, on petioles
about half an inch long. Flowers in axillary umbels, the pedicel as long as
the common peduncle.

Grows in dry fields. Pursh. Very common around ponds.

Flowers June — July.

13. Tamnoides. Lin.

S. caule aculeato, le-
reti; foliis ovalo oblon-
gis, acutis, sub pandn-
ra3formibus, obsolete
cordatis, quinquenervi-
bus, pedunculo commu-
ni petiolis longiore.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 780. Nutt. 2. p. 238.
S. Panduratus, Pursh, 1. p. 251.

Stem prickly, terete;
leaves ovate oblong,
acute, slightly panduri-
form, obsoletely cor-
date, 5-nerved; com-
mon peduncle longer
than the petiole.

702

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

Stem twining, terete, prickly. Leaves on petioles 6 — 8 lines long, pan-
duriform, acute, sometimes almost hastate, with the lobes round, lucid, some-
what rigid, with 3 distinct and 2 or 4 obscure nerves. Flowers in axillary
umbels, common peduncle about an inch long, twice as long as the pedicels.
Berry spherical, black.

I feel some hesitation in referring to this species the S. Taranifolia of Mi-
chaux, (iZ. p. 238.) The plant I am describing is certainly not herbaceous.

Grows often in dry soils.

Flowers —

%% Caiile herhaceo, j ** Stem herbace-
ous.

14. Peduncularis. Muhl.

S. caule tereti, scan-
dente; foliis suhrotun-
do-ovatis, cordatis, a-
ciuiiinatis, 9 neivibus;
iimbellis longissime pe-
dimculatis.

Stem terete, climb-
ing; leaves ovate, near-
ly round, cordate, acu-
minate, 9-nerved; um-
bels on very long pe-
duncles.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 786. Pursh, 1. p. 2:)1.
S. Pulverulenta, Mich. 2. p. 238.
S. Ineimis? Walt. p. 244.

Nutt. 2. p. 238.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 3 — .5 feet high, terete, unarmed, gla-
brous, bearing tendrils, heaves cordate, ovate, slightly acuminate, nerved,
(3 more prominent than the rest) somewhat reticulate, on petioles 2 — 3 in-
ches hmg. Floioers in umbels on a common peduncle 4 — 6 inches long.
Pedicels 5 — 8 lines long. Calyx 6-leaved, leaves linear lanceolate. Sta~
mens nearly as long as the calyx. Anthers terminal, erect. (Fertile florets
producing 6 unfertile filaments. Stigmas 3, each 3-lobed. Ger?n 3-celled,
cells 2-seeded. Nutt.) Berries blue. Walt.

Grows in rich soils: not common in the low country of Carolina.

Flowers May — July. Pursh.

15. Herbacea. Lin.

8. caule subangula-
to, erecto; foliis ovali-
bus cordato-ovatisque,
acuminatis, nervosis,
subtus pubescentibus,

Stem slightly angled,
erect; leaves oval and
cordate-ovate, acumi-
nate, nerved, pubescent
underneath, the lower

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

703

inferioribiis alternis, su-
perior! bus verticillatim
congestis; pedunculis
praelongis, compressis.
E.

alternate, the upper
verticillate, and crowd-
ed; peduncles very
long, compressed.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 782. Walt. p. 243. Mich. 2. p. 238. Pursh, 1. p. 251.
Nutt. 2. p. 228.

Root perennial. Stern herbaceous, 2 to 3 feet high, erect, slightly an-
gled, glabrous, bearing sometimes one or two small branches. Leaves when
young oval or ovate, when old slightly cordate, acuminate, 5 to 7 nerved,
very pubescent on the under surface, particularly along the nerves, the lower
alternate, the upper somewhat verticillate at the summit of the stem, 4 to 5
inches long, 3 to 4 wide, on angled petioles 2 to 4 inches long. Flotcers on
the lower part of the stem. Umbels on very long compressed peduncles.
Stigmas 3. Germ 3-celled, each bearing the rudiments of 2 seeds, but ma-
turing only one, sometimes neither. Berry spherical, black, 2 to 3 seeded.

Grows in fertile soils.

Flowers May — July.

This genus is very extensive in the Southern States and merits a more
careful examination than it has yet received. While waiting for that day
which so often eludes our expectations, when I should be able to collect and
examine them at leisure in a living state, I have permitted some opportunities
which I really enjoyed to escape, I feel now that my knowledge of the genus
is incomplete, perhaps inaccurate. The two last species will probably con-
stitute a distinct genus.

DIOSCOREA. Gen. Pl. 1530.

Masculi. Calyx 6-
partitus. Corolla 0.

Foeminei. Calyx 6-
partitus. Corolla 0.
Styli 3. Capsula 3-
locularis, compressa.
Semina 2, mem bran a-
cea.

Sterile floret, Ca-
lyx 6-parted. Corolla
0.

Fertile florets. Ca-
lyx 6-parted. Corolla
0. Styles 3. Capsules
3-celled, compressed.
Seeds 2, mem bran acc~
ous.

704

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

1. ViLLosA. Lin.

D. foiiis alternis, op-
positis verticillalisque,
cordatis, acuminatis,
subtus pubescentibus,
9 nervibus, nervis late-
ralibus simplicibus.

Leaves alternate,
opposite and verticil-
late, cordate, acumi-
nate, pubescent under-
neath, 9-nerved, the
I lateral nerves simple.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 796. Pnrsh, 1, p. 251. Nutt. 2. p. 238.
D. Paniculata, Mich. 2. p. 239.
D. QuinatH, Walt. p. 246.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, climbing over shrubs, sometimes 12
to 15 feet high, terete, glabrous? Lower leaves verlicillate, the upper gene-
rally alternate, cordate, acuminate, 9-nerved, as far as it has occurred to me
generally glabrous. Sterile florets in slender axillary panicles, very small,
in small clusters on the branches of the panicle. Fertile florets in simple
racemes; germ inferior; styles three; stigmas 3-cleft; capsule 3 -celled, 3-
winged, 2-seeded.

Grows in dry sandy moderately fertile soils.

Flowers May to July.

2. QUATERNATA. Walt.

D. foliis verticiliatis,
quaternis alternisve,
cordatis, acuminatis,
utrinque glabris, 7-ner-
vibus, nervis laterali-
bus bifidis.

Leaves verticillate,
by fours and alternate,
cordate, acuminate,
glabrous on both sur-
faces, 7-nerved, the la-
teral nerves divided.

Walt. p. 246. Pursh, l.p. 251. Nutt. 2. p. 238.

A vine very similar to the preceding. Describing from the specimen
now before me, I should say that the leaves are rather smaller with a more
tapering and acuminate summit, 7-nerved with the exterior pair divided at
some distance from the base, and the sterile florets more numerous, more
thickly clustered, and the calyx rather longer.

Grows in dry fertile soils.

Flowers May to July.

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

705

PRINOS. Gen. Pl. 594.

MasculL Calyx 4
— 8 fid us. Corolla 4
— 8 partita. Stamina
4 — 8. Rudimentum
pistilli.

Foeminei. Qalyx
et Corolla maris.
Stigma sessile, 4 — 8
fidum. Bacca 4 — 8
sperm a.

Sterile Jlorcts, Ca-
lyx 4 — 8 cleft. Corol-
la 4—8 parted. Sta-
mens 4 — 8. A rudi-
ment of a pistil.

Fertile Jiorets, Ca-
lyx and Corolla as in
the sterile. Stigma
sessile, 4 — 8 cleft.
Berry 4 — 8 seeded.

Leaves deciduous,
oval-lanceolate, acumi-
nate at each end,
slightly and crenately
serrulate, pubescent un-
derneath; flowers 4 — 5
cleft, the sterile aggre-
gate, the fertile axilla-
ry, generally solitary.

1. Ambiguus. Mich.

P. foliis deciduis,
ovali-lanceolatis, utrin-
que acuminatis, laevissi-
me crenato serrulatis,
subtus pubescentibus;
floribus 4 — 5 fidis,
masculis aggregatis,
foemineis axillaribus
subsolitariis. E.

Mich. 2. p. 236. Pursh, 1. p. 220.
Cassine Caroliniana, Walt, p. 242.

A small shrub rarely exceeding 3 — 4 feet in height, with terete, somewhat
virgate branches. Leaves on very short petioles, very pubescent under-
neath. Sterile florets in clusters of 20 — 30, axillary, but appearing to spring
from the summit of the last year's buds, each pedicel 1-flowered. Teeth of
the calyx, segments of the corolla and stamens sometimes 5, but much more
frequently 4, hence it was arranged by Dr. Macbride, perhaps correctly, as
an Ilex. Fertile florets sometimes 3 — 4 in an axil. Corolla of the fertile
floiet withering slowly. Stigma obscurely 4 or 5 furrowed. Seeds corres-
ponding in number with the divisions of the stigma. Berry red.

Sufficiently distinct from P. Verticillatus.

Grows in St. John's, Berkeley. Dr. Macbride. St. Mary's, Hecrgia. Dr.
Baldwin.

Flowers April — May.

VOL. II.

u 4

706

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

2. Verticillatus. Lin.

p. foliis decicluis,
ovalibus, acuminatis,
serratis, siibtus pubes-
centibus; floribus 6-fi-
ciis, masculis axillaii-
biis umbelluliformibus,
foemiiieis aggregatis.

Leaves deciduous^
oval, acuminate, ser-
rate, pubescent under-
neath; floAvers 6-cleft,
the sterile axillary, um-
bellate, the fertile clus-
tered.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 225. Pursh, 1. p.
P. Gronovii, Mich. 2. p. 236.

>20. Nutt. 1. p. 213.

A large shrub sometimes becoming a small tree. Leaves on petioles
about five lines long", oval, acuminate, finely serrate, pubescent, somewhat
hairy underneath. Flowers hexandrous. The sterile distinctly axillary in
small umbellate clusters, the fertile (ew, aggregated, when in fruit commonly
solitary. Berries red.

Nearly allied certainly to the preceding species, but differs somewhat in
the shape and serratures of the leaves, in its hexandrous flowers, and the
umbellate structure of its sterile florets.

Grows in light fertile soils.

Flowers April — May.

3. Integrifolia.

P. foliis deciduis,
ovalibus, integerrimis,
mucronatis, petiolatis,
utriiique glabris; flori-
bus foemineis solitariis,
longe pedunculatis.—
Nutt.

Leaves deciduous,
oval, entire, mucro-
nate, on petioles, gla-
brous on each surface;
fertile florets solitary,
on long peduncles.

p. Ambigiius, Nutt. 1. p. 213.

A small tree with a smooth whitish bark. Leaves oval, always entire,
about one and a half inches long and one inch wide, on petioles near half an
inch long. Peduncles of the fruit often two inches in length. Nutt.

This species I have inserted from Mr. Nuttall, who considers it as the
real P. Ambiguus of Mich. The one I have described under that name is,
however, certainly the Cassine Caroliniana of Walter, and therefore proba-
bly the plant of Michaux, agreeing also in the "partitione quaternaria."

The habitat is not mentioned, but it probably belongs to the Southern
States.

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

707

4. Lanceolatus. Pursh.

P. foliis deciduis,
lanceolatis^ tenuissime
et remote serriilatis, u~
trinque acutis, utrinque
glabris, floribus foeiiii-
neis sparsis, subgeini-
nis, pedunculatis, 6-fi-
dis, masculis aggrega-
lis, 3-andris.

Leaves deciduous,
lanceolate, fitiely and
remotely serrulate, a-
cute at each end, gla-
brous on each surface,
fertile florets scattered,
generally in pairs, on
peduncles, 6-cleft, ste-
rile aggregate, trian-
drous.

Pursh, 1. p. 220. Nutt. 1. p. 213.

Berries small, scarlet. Pursh.

Grows in the lower districts of Carolina and Georgia. Pursh.

Flowers June.

This species has escaped my notice. But I believe there are several spe-
«ies of this genus with deciduous leaves yet to be described. I saw in the
Herbarium of Mr. Lyon many years ago, one collected near Augusta, and
one or two collected near Tuckabatchie on the Talapoosa river which ap-
peared to be unknown. I have, however, no memorandums of them.

5. Glaber. Lin.

P. foliis semperviren-
tibus, cuneato-lanceo-
latis, coriaceis, glabris,
nitidis, superne parce
serratis; pedicellis foe-
mineis solitariis, mas-
culis 3 — 6 floris.

Leaves perennial,
cuneate-lanceolate, co-
riaceous, glabrous, shi-
ning, sparingly serrate
near the summit; fer-
tile pedicels solitary,
sterile 3 — 6 flowered.

Sp. pi. 2. p. 226. Walt. p. 247. Mich. 2. p. 236. Pursh, 1. p. 220.
Nutt. 1. p. 213.

A small shrub, the fertile plants rarely exceeding 3 feet in height, branch-
ing, bushy, the sterile 3 — 5 feet high, virgate, the young branches slightly pu-
bescent. Leaves alternate, cuneate-lancfolate, perennial, very glabrous ex-
cepting along the midrib, on petioles 5 — 6 lines long. Floioers axillary, the
peduncles of the sterile flowers sometimes clustered, each 3 — 6 flowered.
Sterile flowers generally 6-parted and hexandrous, the stamens inserted at

708

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

the base of the rotate corolla, between the segments, and bearing the rudi-
ments of a germ. Fertile florets often 7 — 8 parted, bearing abortive sta-
mens. Style short, thick. Stigma somewhat 3-lobed. Berry black, 6, 7,
8 seeded.

Grows in damp poor soils.

Flowers April — May.

6. CoRiACEus. Pursh.

p. foliis perennanti-
bus, lato ovalibus acu-
tis, apice serratis, su-
perne nitidis, subtus
atomiferis; floribus fo-
emineis solitariis, ple-
-rumqiie octo-partitis,
mascnlis subaggrega-
tis 8-andris.

Pm-sh, 1. p. 221.

P. Atomarius, Nutt. 1, p. 213.

A shrub generally 5 — 6 feet high with virgate branches, (viscid when
young, Nutt.) Leaves perennial, somewhat oval but very wide for their
length, coriaceous, acutely serrate near the summit, sprinkled frequently on
the under surface with minute dark coloured atoms. Flowers very com-
monly 8-parted and 8-androus. Berry 6, 7? 8 seeded.

Grows in rich high lands; near the margin of swamps, Chatham County,
Georgia.

Flowers May.

Leaves perennial,
broad ovai, acute, ser-
rate near the summit,
lucid on the upper sur-
face, minutely dotted
underneath; fertile flo-
rets solitary, generally
8-parted; sterile aggre-
gate octandrous.

GLEDITSCHIA. Gen. Pl. 1596.

MasculL Calyx 3
— 5 — 8 partitus. Sta-
mina 6 — 8.

Foeminei. Calyx 5
— 10 partitus. Stylus
1. Legumen.

HermaphroditL Ca-
lyx^— 8 partitus. Sta-

Sterile Jlorets. Ca-
lyx 3 — 5 — 8 parted.
Stamens 6 — 8.

Fertile Jlorets, Ca-
lyx 5 — 10 parted.
Style 1. Legumen.

Hermaphrodite, Ca-
lyx 6—8 parted. Sta-

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

709

imna 5 — 8. Stylus 1,\ mens 5 — 8. Style 1.
Legumen compressum^ Legumen compressed,

falcatiim.

falcate.

1. MONOSPERMA. Walt.

G. ramissubspinosis;
foliolis ovato-oblongis,
acutis; legiiminibus o-
valibns, mucronatis,
submoiiospermis.

Branches somewhat
spiny; leaflets ovate,
oblong, acute; legumes
oval, iiiucronate, gene-
rally 1-seeded.

Walt. p. 254. Sp. pi. 4. p. 1097. Mich. 2. p. 25?. Pursh, 1. p. 221.
Nun. 2. p. 239.

A tree 40 — 60 feet high, 1 — 2 in diameter, armed on the trunk and
brandies with spinous processes, (aculei properly which adhere only to the
bark) sometimes simple but very commonly bearing two lateral spines near
the summit. Leaves equally and compoundly pinnate. Leaflets very nu-
merous, small, oval, slightly crenulate, glabrous. Flowers small, in small
axillary racemes. Calyx 6 — 8 leaved, 3 — 5 leaves interior, all oval lance-
olate, pale green. Legumen or pod somewhat oval oblique, compressed,
mucronate, 1-seeded, not bearing as in the next species a saccharine pulp.

Grows in the river swamps in the middle districts of Carolina and Geor-
gia. Is not found in the immediate vicinity of the ocean.

Flowers —

2. Triacanthos.

G. ramis spinosis,
spinis crassis, triplici-
bus coraposilisque; fo-
liolis ovali oblongis; le-
guminibus polyspermis.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1097. Walt. p.
Nutt. 2. p. 239.

Branches spiny,
spines thick, triple and
compound; leaflets o-
val and oblong; le-
gumes many seeded.

254. Mich. 2. p. 257. Pursh, I. p. 221.

A large tree 50 — 60 feet in height, and 2 — 3 feet in diameter, armed on
the stem and branches with spines which grow generally in clusters and
very commonly bear 2 or more lateral spines. Leaves equally and abrupt-
ly pinnate, leaflets small, oval lanceolate, glabrous, slightly crenulate near
the summit. Flowers in small axillary racemes, the sterile florets clustered.
Legumen falcate, 12 — 14 inches long, mucronate, many seeded, the inter-
vals between the cells of the seed filled with a saccharine pulp.

710

DIOECIA OCTANDRIA.

This tree is thinly scattered through our forests. On the sea islands I
believe it occurs more frequently than on the adjacent main land. Its tim-
ber is considered durable and would be valued, but the tree is itself so scarce
that it does not enter into the arrangements of our farming or manufacturing
economy.

Grows in rich light soils.

Flowers May?

DIOECIA OCTANDRIA.

POPULUS. Gen. Pl. 1531.

3Iasculi» Amentum
cyli lid race um. Calyx
squama lacera. Corol-
la turbinata, obliqua,
Integra.

Foeminei, Amen-
tum cylindraceum. Ca-
lyx et Corolla maris.
Stigma 4 — 6 fidum.
Capsula 2-lociilaris.
Semina pliirima, pilis
flexuosis obvaliata.

Sterile fiorets* A-
ment cylindrical. Ca-
lyx a lacerate scale-
Corolla turbinate, ob-
lique, entire.

Fertile Florets. A-
ment cylindrical. Qa-
lyx and Corolla as in
the sterile. Stigma 4
— 6 cleft. Qapsule 2-
celled. Seeds nume-
rous, surrounded with
flexuous hairs.

1. Grandidentata. Mich.

P. fohis subrotundo-
ovatis, acutis, ina^qua-
liter sinuato-dentatis,
glabris, junioribus vil-

Leaves ovate, near-
ly round, acute, une-
qually and sinuately
toothed, glabrous, the

DIOECIA OCTANDRIA.

711

losis; petiolis superne
comnressis.

younger villous; peti-
oles compressed near
their summit.

Mich. 2. p. 243. Pursh, 2. p. 619- Nutt. 2. p. 239.
Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 287-

A tree 40 — 50 feet high, with smooth bark and branches thinly dispersed.
Leaves alternate, nearly circular, with large irregular teeth, and prominent
veins, when young tomentose, becoming glabrous with age, on petioles 2 — 4
inches long. Floicers in small axillary cylindrical aments, shooting out
early in the spring with the first buds, very small and inconspicuous. Cap-
sules small, containing many minute seeds surrounded by long cottonlike
hairs which causing them to float readily on the air, render them easy of dis-
persion, and have given to several species in different parts of the United
States the common name of Cotton-trees.

Grows in the mountainous districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers March.

2. Angulata. Alton.

P. foliis ovato-delto-
ideis, acuminatis, ob-
tuse uncinato-dentatis,
glabris, junioribus am-
plissimis cordatis; ra-
mis alato-angulosis.

Leaves ovate-del-
toid, acuminate, obtuse-
ly and uncinately
toothed, glabrous, when
young very large and
cordate; branches an-
gled, slightly winged.

Nutt. 2. p. 239.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 805. Pursh, 2. p. 6] 9.
P. Nigra? Walt. p. 248.
P. Angulosa, Mich. 2. p. 243.
Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 302.

A large tree, growing 50 — 80 feet in height and 2 — 3 in diameter; the
young branches are all winged and angled by the decurrent petioles or by
the junction of different branches, and these vestiges are not effaced for seve-
ral years. Leaves ovate-deltoid, acuminate, serrate, glabrous, sometimes
slightly cordate, on the young shoots 5 — 7 inches long, 4 — 5 wide, on the
old trees smaller, on compressed petioles 2 — 4 inches long. Flowers very
small. Seed not as conspicuously villous and white as in some other spe-
cies.

This is, I believe, the only species of this genus which is found along the
sea-coast of Carolina and Georgia. Its leaves are easily agitated by the
wind. Its wood is light, brittle, and not durable.

Grows along the margin of river?.

Flowers Miych.

712

DIOECIA OCTANDRIA.

3. Heterophylla. Lin.

p. foliis subrotundo-
ovatis, obtusis, subau-
riculatis, serratis, juni-
oribus tomentosis.

Leaves ovate^ near-
ly round, obtuse, slight-
ly auriculate, serrate,
when young tomentose.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 806. Walt. p. 248. Mich. 2. p. 244. Pursh, 2. p. 619-
Nutt. 2. p. 239.

P. Argentea, Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 290.

A large tree growing sometimes 60 — 80 feet in height and 2 — 3 in dia-
meter. Branches not angled as in the preceding species. Leaves deltoid
ovate, serrate at base, slightly cordate, with lobes or auricles that often con-
ceal the insertion of the petiole, when young tomentose. (Sterile florets po-
lyandrous; flowers of the glabrous fertile ament remote, pedicelled. Mich.)

Grows along the margins of rivers. Common in the middle and upper
districts of Carolina and Georgia.

Flowers March.

DIOSPYROS. Gen. Pl. 1598.

Mas cult. Calyx 4
— 6 fidus. Corolla ur-
ceolata4 — 6 fid a. Sto"
mina 8 — 16, filamentis
plerumque biantherife-
ris.

Foeminei. Calyx et
Corolla maris. »Siig'
mala 4 — 5. Bacca 8
— J 2 sperma.

Sterile florets, Qa^
lyx 4 — 6 cleft. Corol"
la urceolate 4 — 6 cleft.
Stamens 8 — 16, the fil-
aments frequently bear-
ing 2 anthere.

Fertile florets, C«-
lyx and Corolla as in
the sterile. Stif^mas 4
—5. Berry ^8—12
seeded.

1. ViRGINlANA. Lin.

D. foliis ovatis ova-
jibusque, acuminatis,
reticulato-venosis, sub
glabris, petiolis pubes-

Leaves ovate and
oval, acuminate, reti-
culately veined, some-
what glabrou<>, petioles

DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA.

713

centibus; gemmis gla- pubescent; buds gla-
bris. brous.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 1107. Walt. p. 253. Mich. 2. p. 258. Pursh, 1. p. 265.
Nutt. 2. p. 40.

Mich. arb. for. 2. p. 195.

A small tree rarely exceeding 30 — 40 feet in height, or 12 — 16 inches in
diameter, with scattered irregular branches. Leaves alternate, on short pe-
tioles, sometimes ovate, more frequently oval lanceolate, acuminate, paler
underneath and slightly pubescent along the margin. Floweis solitary, ax-
illary, on short peduncles. Corolla greenish yellow. Calyx of the fertile
floret persistent. Berri/ red, containing 8 — 12 compressed, hard seeds im-
mersed in a pulp which when fully ripe is well flavoured, and might by cul-
tivation be added to the fruits of the table.

Petioles long. Fruit bearing few"

Var. PuBESCENS.

Leaves acute, pubescent underneath,
seeds. Pursh.

The leaves of our common persimmon are generally pubescent along the
margins, but I have never seen them as much so as represented in the figure
of Michaux. I have noticed, however, that this tree in Maryland and Vir-
ginia bears fruit much more abundantly than it does along the sea-coast of
Carolina and Georgia.

Grows in light rich soils.

Flowers Mav.

DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA.

HYDROCHARIS. Gen. Pl. 1535.

bium. Rich.

Limno-

Masculi. Spatha 2?
phylla. Calyx 3-phyl-
lus. Corolla 3-petala.
Stamina 8 — 12. basi
coalita.

Sterile Jlorets,

Spathe 2? leaved. Ca-
lyx 3-Ieaved. Corolla
3-petalled. Stamens 8
— I2j united at base..

VOL. II.

w4

714

DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA.

Foeminei, Spatha
monophylla, uniflora.
Calyx 3-phyIlus. Co-
rolla 3-petala. Glan-
dulce 6, inter petala.
Qermen infer urn. Sty-
li 6, bifid i. Capsula
6-locuIaris, polysper-
rna.

Fertile florets.

Spathe 1 -leaved, 1-
flowered. Calyx 3-
leaved. Corolla 3-pe-
talled, with 6 glands
between the petals.
Qerrn inferior. Styles
6, 2-cleft. Capsule 6-
celled, many seeded.

1. Spongiosa. Bosc.

H. monoica; foliis
natantibus, roiundato-
cord^tis, subtus reticu-
la is, basi vesiculosis.

Monoecious; leaves
floating, round, cor-
date, reticulate under-
neath, with vesicles at
base.

Bosc. Annales du Museum, 9. p. 396.
H. Cordifolia, Nutt. 2. p. 241.

Since I have become acquainted with the different views which have been
taken of this plant, I have had no opportunity of examining it in a living
state. I shall, therefore, merely insert the notes I took of it many years

ago-

Root perennial, sarmentose. Leaves from the root,^ floating, orbicular,

cordate, glabrous, 1 — 2 inches in diameter, with prominent purple veins
underneath, and some inflated vesicles near the summit of the stem. Peti'
oles 2 — 4 inches long. Flowers axillary, monoecious. Sterile florets: —
Spnthe — leaved, — flowered; leaves membranaceous, hyaline, nerved.
Calyx 3-leaved, leaves oval, membranaceous, without nerves, green. Co-
rolla white, 3-petalled, petals as long as the calyx, but narrower, peduncle
longer than the sheath, hyaline; filaments generally 12, united at base; the
interior ones abortive; anthers attached to the sides of the filaments. Fer-
tile florets: — Spathe one-leaved, one-flowered, peduncle of the flower very
short, of the fruit long deflected. Calyx and corolla like those of the ste-
rile floret. Glands 6 very small, setaceous, inserted by pairs between the
petals. Germ inferior, ovate, truncate. Styles 6, as long as the corolla,
deeply 2-cleft, furrowed on the interior surface. Stigmas simple, spotted.
Capsule striate, 6-celled. Seeds numerous, striate, (hirsute. Nuttall.)

Grows in stagnant water.

Flowers July — September.

DIOECIA POLYANDRIA.

715

DIOECIA POLYANDRIA.

MENISPERMUM. Gen. Pl. 1544.

3Iasciili. Calyx 6
— 12 phyllus, duplici
triplicive seiie. Qorolla
6 — 8 petala, duplici se-
rie. Stamina 12 — 24.
Antherce 4-IobaB5 ter-
minales.

Foeminei. Calyx et
Corolla maris. Ger-
mina 2 — 4, stylis apice
siibbifidis. Drupce

baccatae, siibrotundo
reniformes, 1-spermae.

Sterile Jloret» Ca^
lyx 6 — 12 leaved, in a
double or triple series.
Corolla 6 — 8 petalled,
in a double series.
Stamens 12 — 24. An-
thers terminal, 4-lobed.

Fertile Jlorets . Ca -
lyx and Corolla as in
the sterile. Germs 2
— 4 with the styles
slightly 2-eleft at the
summit. Drupes re-
sembling berries, reni-
form nearly round, 1-
seeded.

1. Canadense. Lin.
M. foliis peltatis,

subglabris, subcordatis,
subrotundo - angulatis,
angulis obtusiusculis,
terminali abrupte aris-
tato, mucronato; race-
mis solitariis composi-
tis; petalis 8.

Leaves peltate, some-
what glabrous, slightly
cordate, nearly round,
angled, the angles ob-
tuse, the terminal ab-
ruptly awned, mucro-
nate; racemes solitary
compound; petals 8.

716

DIOECIA MONADELPHIA.

De Candolle, reg. veg. 1. p, 540.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 824. Mich. 2. p. 241. Pursh, 2. p. 370. Nutt. 2. p. 244.

Stem climbing over small shrubs, glabrous, when young pubescent. Pe-
tioles 1 — 3 inches long, young leaves pubescent, when old glabrous, all pel-
tate, with the petiole inserted near the margin. Sterile florets racemose,
sometimes paniculate, solitary, often shorter than the petiole, shooting out a
little above the axil. Calyx 8-leaved. Corolla yellow, 8-petalled, smaller
than the calyx. Stamens 18 — 20. Anthers obtusely 4-angled, 4-furrowed.
Fertile florets few, corymbose. De Cand.

Grows from Canada to Carolina. Mich. I have never seen this plant in
the low country of Carolina. It probably inhabits our mountains.

Flowers in July. Pursh.

2. Smilacinum.

M. foliis peltatis sub-
glabris, cordatosubro-
tundis, obtuse anguia-
tis, subtus glaucis, ra-
cemis subsimplicibus,
petalis 4.

De Cand. reg. veg. 1. p. 541.

Leaves peltate, some-
what glabrous, cord.ite,
nearly round, obtusely
angled, glaucous un-
derneath; racemes ge-
nerally simple; petals
4.

Cissampelos Smilacina, Willd. Sp. pi. 4. p. 863.

This species only differs from the preceding by its pale glaucous leaves
and its petals, which are 4 and not 8. De Cand.
Grows in Carolina in rich moderately dry soils.
Flowers June to August.

DIOECIA MONADELPHIA,

JUNIPERUS. Gin. Pl. 1552.

MasculL Amentum j Sterile Jlorets. A-
ovatum. Calyx squa- | merit ovate. Calyx a

DIOECIA MONADELPHIA.

717

ma. Corolla 0. Sta-
mina 3.

Foeminei. Calyx
3-partitus. Petala 3?
Styli 3. Bacca 1 — 3
sperma, tuberculata.

1. ViRGiNiANA. Lin.

J. foliis ternis, basi
adnatis, junioribus pa-
tulis, senioribus ap-
pressis, imbricatis.

scale. Corolla 0. Sta'
mens 3.

Fertile Jlorets, C«-
lyx 3-partecl. Petals 3.
Styles 3. Berry 1 —
3 seeded, tuberculate.

Leaves ternatc, uni-
ted at base, when
young expanded, when
old appressed, imbri-
cate.

Sp. pi. 4. p. 853. Walt. p. 243. Mich. 2. p. 245. Pursh, 2. p. 647-
Nutt. 2. p. 245.

Mich. arb. for. 3. p. 42.

A tree of irregular growth; along the margin of salt-water streams it is
generally covered with horizontal branches; in thick woods it grows like
the fir, tall and slender; in old fields it extends like the live oak, and in such
situations sometimes attains the height of 40 or 50 feet and a diameter of 2
— 3. heaves very small, resembling scales, verticillate by threes, on young
shoots expanding and very acute, on old branches closely imbricate. Flow-
ers axillary. Ament of sterile florets very small. Berry dvy, 1 — 2 seeded,
roughened with the persistent calyx. (5eecfs nuciform. Nutt.)

The wood, leaves and berries of this tree have all an aromatic flavour.
The wood is light, close grained, reddish purple, and perhaps more durable
than any other timber in our country. Those which grow along the sea-
coast with their roots partially immersed in salt-water, though smaller in
their dimensions, are much more durable than those which inhabit the fo-
rests. Often when surrounded and finally destroyed by the encroachments
of the salt-water, their bodies remain in the marshes for an indefinite period,
the roosting places of vultures and of sea-birds, become incrusted with pul-
verulent lichens and seem to moulder away like rock rather than decay like
a vegetable product.

The timber of the Red Cedar is extensive!}' used by ship carpenters and
boat builders, by cabinet makers and turners, and is in many articles of do-
mestic use. The aroma of the wood is so disagreeable to insects that in
chests newly made woollens may be preserved for one or two years without
receiving any injury from moths.

Grows in almost all soils; very common along the sea-coast of Carolina
and Georgia; more rare in the interior country. In the stale of Alabama,
however, at a distance from the ocean, it sometimes is found covering almost
exclusively many acres of land.

Flowers April.

0. H. HUl UBRARV
Nor* Carolina Slar« College

■:vf«r%^^ iW*?*' - *.■*

INDEX

TO THE

SECOND VOLUME.

INDEX

OF THE

GENERA AND SPECIES

CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME.

[Cr Tht Roman characters indicate the Genera and Species which are retained; the
Italic are used for synonymes.

PAGE

PAGE

ABIES

iESCHYNOMENE

219

alba

641

hispida

220

halsamifera

639

platycarpa

222

canadensis

639

viscidula

220

denticulata

640

AFZELIA

ACALYPHA

644

cassioides

122

caroliniana

645

ALNUS

567

virginica

646

serrulata

567

ACHILLEA

405

AMBROSIA

476

millefolium

405

ahsyntJiifolia

477

ACMELLA

406

artemisifolia

477

repens

406

elatior

477

ACNIDA

'693

paniculata

478

cannabina

694

trifida

476

rusocarpa

694

AMELLUS

ACONITUM

19

caroliniana

404

uncinatura

20

AMORPHA

188

ACT.CA

14

fruticosa

188

hrachy petala

15

herhacea

189

cordifolia

17

pubescens

189

monogyna

16

pumila

189

pachypoda

15

AMPHICARPA

232

palmata

17

monoica

232

podocarpa

16

sarmentosa

232

racefuosa

16

ANEMONE

52

ACTINOMERIS

412

caroliniana

53

helianthoides

412

hepatica

53

squarrosa

413

nemorosa

53

ADELIA

tenella

53

acuminata

675

thalictroides

52

• porulosa

675

virginiana

54

INDEX.

TZ\

PAGE

PAGE

Walteri

54

ARTEMISIA

317

ANONA

candata

317

grandifiora

43

ARUM

628

ohovata

43

dracontium

629

pygmcea

43

quinatuni

629

triloba

42

sagittifolium

631

ANTHEMIS

404

sagittifolium

632

cotula

405

triphyllum

629

repens

406

virginicum

630

ANTIRRHINUM

112

walteri

631

canadense

113

ASCYRUM

21

APIOS

239

amplexicaule

23

frutescens

237

crux andrsea

22

tuberosa

232

hypericoides

22

APOGON

267

multicaule

22

humilis

267

ASIMINA

41

AQUILEGIA

20

grandifiora

42

canadensis

21

parviflora

41

ARABIS

148

pygmaea

43

canadensis

148

triloba

42

falcata

1/8

ASTER

340

ARAcms

acuniinatus

355

aprica

203

amplexicaulis

360

ARETHUSA

500

amplexicaulis

361

bulbosa

500

amygdalinus

367

divaricata

496

carolinianus

353

ophioglossoides

496

concolor

350

parviflora

498

conyzoides

341

pendula

498

cordifolius

346

racemosa

494

cordifolius

364

spicata

501

cornifolius

367

verticillata

497

corymbosus

365

ARGEMONE

12

cyaneus

352

mexicana

13

dichotoraus

S66

ARISTOLOCHIA

510

discoideiis

358

hastata

512

divergens

357

Tiirsuta

511

diversifolius

361

serpentaria

511

dracunculoides

356

sipho

510

dumosiis

347

tomentosa

511

ericoides

348

ARNICA

332

exilis

344

nudicaulis

333

flexuosus

343

VOL. II.

X

.4

722

INDEX.

PAGE

PA«E

foliolosus

345

tardijlorus

362

grandlfiorus

343

tenuifolius

347

grandiflorus

344

tortifolius

341

humilis

366

tradescanti

358

hyssopifolius

342

tripolium

343

infirmus

367

umheUatus

367

junceus

356

undulatus

361

Iaevij?atus

359

, tindulatus

361

liatroides

354

undulatus

362

linarifolius

365

versicolor

359

marilandicus

341

virgatus

353

multiflorus

349

ASTRAGALUS

226

novae angliee

351

canadensis

227

obovatus

368

carolinianus

226

paludosus

343

glaber

227

panjculatus

363

obcordatus

227

patens

361

villosus

226

puniceus

355

ATHANASIA

racemosus

348

graminifolia

317

reticulatus

351

ohovata

315

sagittifolius

362

trinervia

316

scaber

363

ATRIPLEX

576

solidagineus

340

angustifolia

577

solidaginoides

340

arenaria

578

sparsijtorus

346

glauca

578

squarrosus

350

laciniata

578

subulatus

345

patula

577

surculosus

354

B

BACCHARIS

318

BETULA

616

angustifolia

318

alba

616

fatida

321

carpinifolia

617

glomeruliflora

320

lanulosa

6l6

halinjifolia

319

lenta

617

sessiliflora

320

nigra

6l6

viscnsa

322

rubra

6i6

BALDUINA

446

serridata

568

multi flora

447

BIDENS

427

uniflora

447

bipinnata

432

BART SI A

chrysanthemum

429

coccinea

132

connata

430

INDEX.

723

PAGE

PAGE

frondosa

431

BORKHAUSIA

251

nivea

314

caroliniana

251

pilosa

431

BORYA

674

BIGNONIA

106

acuminata

675

capreolata

lor

porulosa

675

crucigera

107

BRACHYSTEMUM

radicans

107

muticum

^83

BISCUTELLA

vertivillatum

83

apetala

139

virginicum

82

BLETIA

500

BRASENIA

66

apliylla

501

peltata

66

verecunda

501

BRICKELLIA

290

BOEHMERIA

5G8

cordifolia

290

cylindrica

568

BUCHNERA

112

lateriflora

569

americana

112

BOLTONIA

398

BUPHTHALMUM

408

asteroides

398

angustifoliura

409

diflusa

400

frutescens

408

glasti folia

399

helianthoides

407

-

c

CACALIA

309

CARDAMINE

143

atriplicifolia

310

pennsylvanica

144

lanceolata

311

rotiindifolia

149

ovata

310

spatliulata

143

suaveolens

328

virginica

€44

CAKILE

137

CARDUUS

americana

137

spinosissimus

272

maritima

137

virginidnus

272

CALADIUM

631

CAREX

525

glaucum

631

anceps

547

sagittifolium

632

acuta

537

CALAMINTHA

93

bromoides

528

grandi flora

93

bullata

556

CALLA

buxbaumii

539

sagittifolia

632

caespitosa

536

virginica

630

castanea

547

CALOPOGON

498

cephalophora

526

pulchellus

499

conoidea

547

CALTHA

66

crinita

536

ficarioides

66

dasycarpa

541

724

INDEX.

PAGE

PAGE

dehilis

551

verrucosa ,

555

digitalis

551

vestita

542

festucacea

535

willdenovii

527

flexuosa

550

CARPINUS

617

foenea

533

americana

618

folliculata

545

caroliniana

618

furcata

552

ostrya

618

gigantea

544

CARYA

623

glaucescens

553

alba

624

granularis »

548

amara

626

hirsuta

538

aquatica

627

hystericina

550

myristicseformis

628

lagopodioidcs

533

porcina

o2r

laxiflora

549

sulcata

624

leporina

532

tomentosa

625

lupulina

544

CASTANEA

614

marginata

542

alnifolia

615

miliacea

552

nana

615

muhlenbergii

529

pumila

615

multiflora

530

vesca

614

ovalis

534

CAULINIA

515

pellita

554

flexilis

515

plantaginea

545

CELTIS

584

pseudu cyperus

552

occidentalis

584

retroflexa

528

CENTAUREA

458

riparia

554

benedicia

458

rosea

531

CERANTHERA

93

rostrata

543

linearifolia

94

scirpoides

532

CERATIOLA

676

scoparia

535

ericoides

676

sparganoides

531

CHAPTALIA

459

squarrosa

526

integrifolia

459

sterilis

525

CHARA

515

stipata

529

capitata

516

striata

554

vulgaris

516

striatula

549

CHELONE

126

tentaculata

543

glabra

. 126

tetanica

548

glabra

127

triceps

538

latifolia

127

trichocarpa

540

lyoni

127

typhina

597

obliqua

127

varia

549

penstemon

129

INDEX.

725

PAGE

PAGE

CHONDRILLA

virginianum

270

Icerisfafa

251

CISSAMPELOS

CHRYSANTHEMUM

400

smilacina

716

carolinianum

399

CISTUS

leucanthemum

400

canadensis

4

serotinum

401

carolinianum

5

CHRYSOCOMA

309

CLEMATIS

43

acaulis

286

catesbeyana

- 44

capiUacea

294

crispa

49

coronopifolia

295

cylindrica

47

gi^antca

289

holosericea

45

grnminifoJia

391

lineariloba

45

grntninifolia

287

orhroleuca

48

nudata

309

ovata

48

tomentofta

288

reticulata

47

CHRYSOGONUM

472

sericea

48

virginirinura

472

virglnicina

44

CHRYSOPSIS

333

viorna

46

amysdalina

367

walteri

45

areentea

334

CLEOME

149

dentata

337

cuneifolia

150

divaricata

338

ppntaphylla

150

gossypina

337

CLINOP ODIUM

graniinifolia

334

incnnum

79

linearifolia

366

ruffosum

78

mariana

335

CLITORIA

240

ohovata

368

mariana

241

pini folia

335

virginiana

240

scabra

339

CNICIJS

■ 268

trichophylla

336

altissimus

268

CIMICIFUGA

15

discolor

271

americana

16

glaber

• 270

cordifolia

17

horridulus

272

palraata

17

muticus

268

podocarpa

16

repandus

269

racemosa

16

Virginia nus

270

CINERARIA

COCHLEARIA

canadensis

328

humifusa

139

CIRSIUM

COMPTONIA

562

horridnlum

272

asplenifolia

562

muticuni

269

COREOPSIS

433

repandum

269

acuta

444

rzb

INDEX.

PAGE

PAGE

alternifolia

413

oval is

194

angusti folia

443

parviflora

193

arguta

434

rotundifolia

194

aristata

441

sagittalis '

193

auriculata

436

sagittalis

193

bidens

430

CROTON

646

coronal a

440

argyranthemum

647

crassifolia

434

disjunctiflora

646

dichotoma

444

ellipticura

648

gladiata

444

glandulosum

647

lanceolata

433

maritimum

646

latifolia

435

sebiferum

651

mitis

440

CROTONOPSIS

582

nudata

443

linearis

583

oemleri

435

CUCURBITA

662

pubescens

441

lagenaria

662

rosea

436

CUPRESSUS

642

senifolia

438

disticha

642

tenuifolia

439

thyoides

644

trichosperraa

439

CYAMUS

67

tripteris

442

flavicomus

&r

verticillata

438

luteus

67

verticillata

439

pentapetalus

68

CORONOPUS

139

pentapetalus

68

didyma

139

reniformis

68

ruellii

139

reniformis >

68

CORALLORHIZA

504

CYMBIDUM

hyemalis

505

corallorhiza

504

innata

504

hyemale

505

odontorhiza

506

odontorhizon

505

CORYDALIS

178

pulchellum

499

aurea

178

verecundum

501

formosa

177

CYPREPIDIUM

507

CORYLUS

611

acaule

509

americana

611

calccolus

508

rostrata

612

canadense

509

CRANICHIS

, 493

humile

509

multiflora

493

parvifloriim

507

CRITONIA

pubescens

508

kuhnia

291

regince

509

CROTALARIA

192

spectabile

509

Jcevigata

193

INDEX.

727

PAGE

PAGS

D

DALEA

194

villosa

704

cliffbrtiana

195

DIOSPYROS

712

kuhnistera

176

pubescens

713

DELPHINIUM

18

virginiana

712

azureum

18

DOLICHOS

231

carolinianwn

18

luteolus

231

exaltaturn

19

DORONICUM

tridactylum

19

acaule

333

tricorne

18

loEvifulium

393

DENTARIA

141

nudicaule

333

concatenata

142

ramosnm

394

diphylla

142

DRABA

138

laciniata

142

caroliniana

138

multifida

142

hispidula

138

DICLYTRA

177

DRACOCEPHALUM

84

formosa

177

denticulatum

85

DIOSCOREA

703

obovatura

86

paniculata

704

variegatiira

84

quaternata

704

virginjanum

84

quinata

704

E

\

ECLIPTA

402

EPIDENDRUM

506

brachypoda

404

conopseum

506

erecta

403

magnolice

566

procunibens

403

EP IF AG US

ELEPHANTOPUS

480

americana

136

carolinianus

480

ERIGERON

392

carolinianus

480

ambiguum

395

nudicaulis

481

bellidifoliura

393

scaber

480

camplioratum.

321

tomentosus

481

canadense

397

ELODEA

33

longifolium

395

campamdata

33

nervosum

334

petiolata

34

nudicaule

392

tubulosa

34

philadelphicum

396

virginica

33

pidchellum

S93

EPIPACTIS .

pusilluni

398

convallarioides

495

quercifolium

S76

jmbescent

494

strigoswm

394

728

UYIXEX.

PAGE

PAGE

ERIOCAULON

564

maciilatum

308

anreps

566

7n(irrubium

300

decangulare

565

parviflorum

399

decangulare

566

perfoliatura

302

flavidulura

566

pinnatifidum

295

gnaphalodes

565

piibescens

301

serotinvm

565

purpureum

307

villosum

566

rotundifolium

300

ERVUM

~

scabridum

299

voluhile

239

serotinnm

'305

ERYSIMUM

sessili folium ,

297

pinnatum

147

ternifolum

306

ERYTHRINA

190

teucrifolium

301

herbacea

190

trifoliatum

307

ETHULTA

truncatum

298

uniflora

312

urticcefolium

304

EUCHROiMA

132

verbensefolium

301

coccinea

. 132

verticillatum

-308

EUPATORIUM

. 293

EUPHORBIA

652

album

298

cordifolia

656

ageratoides

303

corollata

559

aroraaticum

304

cyathophora

553

Ccelestinum

306

depressa

655

ceanothifoliiim

303

gracilis

657

composit ifolium

295

graminifolia

653

connatum

302

helioscopia

658

cordatum

304

hypericifolia

653

coronopifolium

294

ipecacuanhas

657

cuneifolium

302

maculata

654

foeniculaceum

294

paniculata

660

fmniculoides

294

polygonifolia

656

fusco ruhrum

308

polygonifolia

657

glandulosum

299

pubentissima

658

glaucescens

297

thymifolia

654

hyssopifolium

296

EVTHAMIA

incarnatum

305

graminifolia

591

linearifolium

296

tenuifolia

392

INDEX.

729

PAGE

PAGE

FAGUS

613

epiptera

672

castanea

614

excelsior

673

putnilua

615

platycRrpa

673

sylvatlca

613

pubescens

673

sylvestris

613

tomentosa

674

FRAXLNUS

671

triptera

674

acuminata

672

FUMARIA

179

amerirnna

672

officinalis

179

caroliniana

673

G

GALACTIA

238

setacea

115

Elliotti

240

tenuifolia

117

glabella

239

GLEDITSCHIA

708

mollis

238

monosperma

1/09

pilosa

238

triacanthos

709

GALARDIA

448

GLYCINE

234

bicolor

449

angulosa

229

Jimhriata

445

apios

232

lanceolata

449

erecta

235

GALEGA

frutescena

237

hispidula

245

mollissima

235

villosa

246

monoica

233

virginiana

245

reflexa

236

GERANIUM

156

sarmentosa

233

carolinianum

157

simplicifolia

234

maculatum

157

tomentosa

234

GERARDIA

118

tomentosa

234

afzelia

122

GNAPHALIUM

324

aphylla

114

dioicum

327

cuneifolia

119

hyemale

325

erecta

115

raargaritaceum

326

fasciculata

115

plantagrineum

327

filifolia

116

polycephalum

325

flvaa

119

purpurea m

325

Tieteropliylla

120

ohtimfolium

325

linifolia

118

undulatum

224

pedicularia

121

GOODYERA

490

Plukenetii

114

pubescens

491

purpurea

116

GORDONIA

^ 170

quercifolia

120

lasianthus

. '7^

VOL. II.

V

4

730

INDEX-

pubpsccns
GR ATI OLA
7-ejjens

HABENARIA.

Michauxii

qi/hiquesefa

re pens
HAMILTOMA

oleifera
HEDYSARUM

acuminatum

bracteosum

caiiadense

cilia re

cuspidatum
fritescens

glab 'Hum

hirtum

leevigatum

lineatum

marilaiidicuni

inidiHorum

obtiisum

paniculatum

pani( ii/fifuM

rhouibifolium

rigidum

rotundifolium

scaberrinium

strictum

viridiflorum
HELEMUM

auturnnale

quddridentatura

vernale
HELIANTHEiMUM

canr.tlense

carolinianum

ACE

PAGE

171

GYMNOSTYLES

472

stolonifera

473

105

H

488

corymbosum

489

rarauliflorum

489

rosmarinifolium

489.

HELIANTHUS

683

altissimus

683

angustifolius

208

aristatus

209

atro rubens

213

canescens

214

decapetalus

212

divaricatiis

213

diversifolius

206

giganteus

211

gigns

207

hispidulus

215

longifolius

2^18

mollis

214

multiflorus

209

pubescens

212

scaberrimus

210

sparsifolius

211

spathulatus

*219

strum osus

215

tenuifohus

213

tomentosus

217

trachelifolius

210

tricupsis

217

truncatus

401

HELIOFSIS

401

laevis

402

HEPATICA

445

triloba

3

HERPESTIS

4

amplexicaulis

5

cuneilolia

micrantha

5

4
6

414
427
415
426
414
418
425
427
423
426
424
4l9
417
418
426
418
423
415
421
420
420
424
424
422
416
407'
407
55
55
103
104
103
lO.')

rotiindilblia '
HIBISCUS

aruleatus

carolinianus

coccineus

clypeatus

grandiflorus

hasfatus

incanus

niilitaris

moscheutos

palustris

scaber

speciosus

virginicus

virginirus
HIERACIUM

Gronovii

INlarianum

paniculatura

scaber

venosum
HIPPTA

stolon if era
HOPE A

tinctoria
HUMULUS

lupulus
HYDRASTIS

canadensis
HYDROCHARIS

cordlfolia

spongiosa
HYiMENOPAPPUS

scabiosaeus
HYOSERJS

amplexicauUs

ansustifolia

hijiora

INDEX.

PAGE

104

caroliniana

165

maj'u-

l6i;

prcnanthoides

168

virginira

iro

HYPERICUM

168

acntifolium

166

ambiguum

169

amoenuni

167

angulosuni

168

aspalathoides

165

axil/are

166

campanulatum

169

canadense

170

coris

167

corymbosuvi

169

denticulatum

262

fasciculatum

263

fasrindatum

263

fasligiatuni

264

galioides

263

glaucum

262

maculHtum

nudiflorum

473

parviflorum

173

petiolatum

173

pilos.um

695

prolificum

695

quinquenervium

55

rosmarinifolium

55

simplex

713

temdfolium

714

tubidosum

714

virginicum

312

virginicum

313

HYPTIS

capitata

266

radiata

266

HYSSOPUS

266

scrophularifolius

731

PAGE

265
266
266
264
23
26
30
> 31
25
27
35
33
24
28
27
25
28
29
31
28
32
27
32
24
34
25
30
24
29

29

28

34
32
S3
77
78
78
71
71

732

INDEX.

PAGE

PAeE

ILEX

679

IRESINE

692

angustifolia

681

celosioides

693

aquifolium

679

IVA

474

cassena

681

frutescens

474

cassine

680

imbricata

475

dahoon

680

JATROPHA

649

decidva

682

stimulosa

649

lia[iistrina

680

urens

649

myrtifolia

681

JUGLAiNS

621

opaca

679

amara

626

prinoicles

682

alba

524

rosmarinifolia

681

cathartica

623

vomitoria

681

cinerea

622

ILLICIUM

35

compressa

625

parviflorum

35

mucronata

624

INDIGOFCRA

244

nigra

622

caroliniana

244

obcordata

627

mULA

porcina

627

argentea

334

sulcata

624

graminifolia

334

totnentosa

625

mariana

336

JUNIPERUS

7i6

punctata

339

K

virginiana

717

KRIGIA

264

KUHNIA

290

amplexicaulis

266

critonia

291

caroliniana

265

eupatorioides

291

dandelion

265

L

1

•

LACTUCA

252

LATHYRUS

222

C aroliniona

252

pusillys

223

elongata

252

LEMNA

518

graminifolia

252

minor

518

longifolia

252

polyrhiza

519

sagittifolia

2.^3

LEONTODON

250

LAMIUM

7S

taraxacum

250

arajjlexicaule

73

LEONURUS

7&

LA^TA^A

102

cardiaca

77

camara

102

LEPIDIUM

140

INDEX.

73S

PAGE

PAGE

didi/mum

139

panicniata

283

\ iiiiiiiicum

140

paiiciflora

282

LEPTOPv)()A

445

pilosa

27/

decurrens

446

pycnostachya

273

helrniuni

446

resinosa

279

piiberula

445

scariosa

280

JLESf!:i)EZA

204

secunda

278

ancustifolia

206

spheroidea

281

capitata

206

spicata

273

fnitescens

2v06

squarrosa

282

hirta

207

squarrulosa

280

pufi/stnchi/a

207

tenuifolia

275

procuinbens

207

tomentosa

284

prostrata

208

Walteri

285

sessiliHora

204

LIPPIA

Stuvei

204

lanceolata

lOl"

wnhpUata

206

nodijlora

101

viulacea

205

LIQUID AM BAR

620

LIATRIS

272

styracifliia

621

aspera

276

LILIODENDRQN

40

corymhosu

284

tulipifera

40

cylindracea

275

LISTERA

494

elegans

279

convallarioides

494

gracilis

278

pubescens

494

graminifolia

274

LUPINUS

190

graininifolia

275

diffusus

192

heterophylla

277

perennis

191

odoratissma

283

pilosus

191

odoratissina

284

villosus

191

M

MACBRIDEA

86

tripetala

38

pulchra

86

MALACHODENDRON

MAGNOLIA

56

ovatum

173

acuminata

37

MA L AXIS

502

auriculata

39

liliifolia

503

cordata

38

ophioglossoides

503

Fraseri

39

unifoUa

503

glaiica

37

MALOPE

164

grandiflora

36

malacoides

164

macrophylla

, 40

MALVA

162

pyramidata

39

abutiloides

164

734

INDEX.

PAGE

'

PAGE

caroliniana

163

MENTHA

72

rotundifolia

163

tenuis

72

MANISURIS

524

MIMOSA

granulans

524

horrichda

158

MARRUBIUM

7&

intsia

158

vulgare

je

MIMULUS

124

MARSHALLIA

315

alalus

125

angusti folia

316

ringens

124

lanceolata

315

MIKAMA

2;)2

latifolia

316

pubesrens

293

MARTYNIA

130

scandens

292

proboscidea

130

MONNIERA

:y

MEDICAGO

240

amplexicaulis

104

intertexta

248

cuneifoUa

103

lupulina

24V

rotundifolia

104

MELANANTHERA

314

MORUS

574

hastala

314

alba

574

MELAMPYRUM

133

rubra '

574

amcricanum

133

MYCROSTYUS

lineare

133

ophioffhssoides

503

MELILOTUS

199

MYRICA

678

officinalis

199

» caroliniensis

678

MELOTHRIA

661

cerifera

678

pendula

662

MYRIOPHYLLUM

587

MENISPERMUxM

715

heterophyllum

588

canadense

• 715

scabratura

588

srailacinuiy

716

verticillatum

588

N

NELUMBTUM

NYMPH.EA

6

luteum

m

advena

8

yentapetalum

68

alba

7

rcjiiforiiic

68

longifolia

9

NEOTTIA

491

lute.a

8

cernua

492

nelumbo

67

tortilis

491

odorata

7

NEPETA

71

pentapetala

68

cataria

71

reniformis

68

virf(mica

80

sagittifolia

9

INUPHAR

8

NYSSA

683

advena

8

angulisans

686

.^ sagittetrfblia

8

aquatica

684

INDEX.

735

^

PAGE

PAGE

bijinra

684

multiflora

684

candicans

685

sylvatica

684

ca[)itHta

685

tomentosa

685

dintifulata

686

uniflora

686

grandideMata

686

0

sylvatica

684

OCOLARIA

134

ciliaris

483

\ ii-ffinica

134

clavellata

486

OPHRYS

cristata

483

cesthmlis * 1

I 492

discolor

502

harbata

499

flava

485

ceniua

492

fuscescens

487

pubera

494

humilis

487

trifolia

503

lacera

484

OPLOTHtXA

155

nivea

485

Floridana

155

spectabilis

487

ORCHIDOCHARPUM

tride^tata

486

anefinum

42

viiidis

486

grandijlorum

43

OROBANCHE

134

parvifiorum

41

Americana

135 *

pi/gmeum

43

bijlora

135

ORCHIS

482

uniflora

135

biflentata

488

Virginiana

136

• blephariglottis

483
P

PANAX

691

laevigatum

128

quinquefolium

691

pubescens

129

trifoliiim

692

PERDICIUM

PARIETARIA

575

semifloscidare

460

Floridana

576

PERSOONU

Pennsylvanica

575

angustifolra

316

PARTHENIUM

463

lanceolata

315

integrifolium

474

latifolia

316

PASSIFLORA

153

PETALOSTEMUjM

275

incarnata

153

carneum

176

lutea

153

corymbosuni

176

PEDICULARIS

123

PHACA

, 225

Canadensis

123

Floridana

222

PENTSTEMON

128

villosa

225

disscctum

120

PH\SEO[,US

22S

#CfW

PAGE

>£ijL.

PAGE

panicvlatuB

228

Balduini

187

perennis

228

corymhosa

186

PHRYMA

95

corymbosa

187

Caroliniensis

100

cruciata

183

leptostachya

96

cymnsa

188

PHYLLANTHUS

660

incarnata

185

Caroliniensis

661

lutea

185

obovatus

661

lute.a

186

PINUS

632

paucifolia

180

alba

• 640

polyg^ma.

181

australis

637

pi b --cens

180

balsamea

639

purpurea

184

Canadensis

639

ramosa

186

glabra

633

sanguinea

184

inops

633

sanguinea

184

mitis

633

senega

182

nigra

640

senega

181

palustris

637

setacea

183

pungens

635

verticillata

182

rigida

634

viridescens

186

serotina

634

POLYMMA

471

squarrosa

633

Canadensis

471

strobus

638

tetrasonotheca

407

tseda

636

uvedalia

471

variabilis

633

POLYPTERLS

313

PISTIA

156

integrilolia

314

spathiilata

156

POPULUS

710

PLANERA

583

anffulata

711

aquatica

584

auguiosa

711

ulmifolia

584

argent en

712

PLATAN US

619

grandidentata

710

occidentalis

620

heterophylla

' 712

PODOPHYLLUM

14

nigra

711

peltatum

14

FORCE LI A

PODOSTEMUM

517

grandiflora

43

ceratophyllum

517

pygmoea

43

POGONIA

495

triloba

42

divaricata

496

POTJMOGETOJS

ophioglossoides

495

pinnatum

588

verticillata

497

verticillatum

585

POLYGALA

179

PRASJUM

attenuata

188

incarnation

8V.

INDEX.

137

PAGE

PAGE

purnvrpum

85

PRUNELLA

87

PRENANTHES

256

vulgaris

87

alba

259

PSORALEA

' 195

altissima

256

canpscens

195

aphylla

261

efflandulosa

198

crepidinea

259

lupinellus

196

cordata

257

melilotoides

198

deltoidea

257

multijuga

198

rubicunda

260

virgata ,

197

serpentaria

261

PTEROCAULON

323

simplex

258

pycnostachyuni

324

vireata

258

PYCNANTHEMUM

79

PRINOS

705

aristatutn

80

ambieuus

705

incanum

79

ambiguus

706

lancenlatvm

82

atomarius

708

linifolium

82

coriaceus

708

monardella

81

glaber

707

montanum

80

Gronovii

706

muticum

83

inte^rifolius

706

nudum

•81

lanceolatus

707

verticillatum

83

verticillatus

706

Q

Virginicum

82

QUERCUS

592

raaritima

596

alba

607

Michauxii

609

aquatica

599

montana

609

Banisteri

606

my rti folia

597

castanea

610

nana

599

Castesbaei

603

nigra

600

chinquapin

611

obtusiloba

606

cinerea

594

phellos

599

coccinea

602

phellos

594

discolor

601

prinoides

.611

elongata

604

prinus

608

falcata

604

primis acuminata

610

hemisphaerica

597

prinus monticola

6lO

ilicifoHa

605

prinus pumih.

611

imbricaria

598

pumila

594

laevis

603

pumila

594

laurifolia

597

rubra

602

lyrata

607

rubra

G04

VOL. II.

4 z

738

INDEX.

PAGE

PAGE

sempervirens

595

tinctoria

601

sericea

594

villosa

606

stellata

606

R

virens

595

RANUNCULUS

56

RUDBECKIA

449

abortivus

58

aristata

457

Carolinianus

61

ckrysomela

456

Jicaria

^^

digitata

451

jlammula

57

discolor

454

hecleraceus

56

fulffida

456

hispidus

62

hirta

457

muricatus

64

laciniata

451

nitidus

60

laevi':,'ata

454

nitidus

59

mollis

453

oblongifolius

58

pinnata

450

palniatus

61

purpurea

449

pjintothrix

56

radula

456

Pensylvanicus

63

spathulata

455

pusillus

57

subtmientosa

453

recurvatus

63

tomentosa

453

repens

60

triloba

452

sceleratiis

59

triloba

453

tomfntosus

64

RUELLIA

108

trachysperma

65

bijlora

110

RHINJNTHUS

Caroliniensis

109

Virginica

120

ciliosa

110

ROBLMA

241

hirsuta

109

hispida

243

humistrata

111

pseudacacia

242

oblongifolia

110

vesicaria

222

strepens

108

viscosa

242
S

SAGITTARIA

589

pubescens

590

falrata

592

sagitiifolia

589

gracilis

591

simplex

592

gnniinea

592

SALIX

666

hastata

592

alpina

667

lanci folia

591

Caroliniana

671

latifolia

589

conifera

669

■ natans

591

discolor

669

INDEX.

739

Houstoniana

longirostris

Mulilenbergiaua

nigra

pentandra

rosmarinifolia

tristis
SANGUINARIA

Canadensis
SARRACE.MA

adunca

Catesbaei

flava

minor

purpurea

rubra

variolaris
SATYRWM

repens
SCHISANDRA

coccinea
SCHRANKIA

uncinata
SCHVVALBEA

Americana
SCLERIA

ciliata

gracilis

hirtella

interrupta

obligantha

pauciflora

reticulata

triglomerata

verticillata
SCROPHULARIA

Marylandrica
SCUTELLARIA

Caroliniana

Caroliniana

cordifolia

integrifolia

;PAGE

670

lateriflora

669

pilosa

667

serrata

670

versicolor

671

villosa

668

SENECIO

668

aureus

13

balsatnitae

13

ciliatus

9

fastigiatus

12

hieracifolius

11

lobatus

10

lyratus

12

obovatus

9

suaveolens

iO

tomentosus

11

SERR.4TULA

spicata

491

SESBANIA

582

disperma

582

macrocarpa

158

plntycarpa

158

vesicaria

181

SEYMERL4.

131

pectinata

556

tenuifolia

559

SICYOS

557

angulata

560

SIDA

561

abutilon

557

crispa

558

gracilis

560

hispida

558

rhonibi folia

291

spinosa

106

SIEGESBECKIA

106

laciniata

88

occidentalis

89

SILPHIUM

91

asteriscus

91

atropurpureura

88

conipositum

PAGE

92

91

90

92

92

327

331

330

397

331

328

332

332

329

328

329

273
221
222
229
222
222
121
122
122
663
663
159
162
161
159
159
160
161
409
409
412
460
469
468
462

740

INDEX.

PAGE

PAGE

connatum

464

inermis

702

dentatum

468

lanceolata

698

datum

470

laurifolia

6J9

guminiferum

460

panduratvs

601

integrifolium

465

peduncularis

702

laciniatum

461

pseudo china

698

lariniatum

462

pseudo china

700

laevigatum

465

pubera

700

perfoliatum

464

pulverulenta

702

pinnatifidum

462

pumila

699

puinilum

469

quandrangularis

697

reticulatum

470

ovata

698

scabenimum

466

rotundifolia

700

terbinthinaceum

463

sarsaparilla

697

ternatum

467

sarsaparilla

700

ternifolium

467

tamnoides

701

tomentosum

460

variegnta

696

trifoliatum

466

Walteri

6:>7

SISYMBRIUM

145

SOLI DAGO

368

araphibum

146

altissima

371

canescens

147

angustifolia

388

indicum

146

arguta

374

nasturtium

145

aspera

S71

nasturtium

144

bicolor

S82

palustre

145

Canadensis

369

Sophia

147

cinerascens

375

tanacetifolium

146

coesia

385

Walter!

146

corymbosa

378

SISYRINCHIUM

151

elata

389

anceps

152

elliptica

376

Bermudianum

152

erecta

385

Dermndianum

132

flexicaulis

386

mucronatum

151

glomerata

386

palmifolium

152

grnminifolia

381

SMILAX

695

juncea

375

bona nox

696

lanceolata

391

bona nox

696

lateriflora

370

caduca

701

limonifolia

380

- china

697

lithospermifolia

386

glauca

698

Mexicana

380

hastata

696

nemoralis

S73

herbacea

702

odora

376

INDEX.

741

PAGE

PAGE

odora

378

verticillalus

312

pauciflosculosa

382

STACHYS

74

petiolaris

383

annua

76

procera

3&9

arvensis

75

pubescens

381

aspera

7'J

pulverulenta

384

hispida

74

pyrtimidata

378

hissopifolia

74'

retlexa

370

palustris

74

retrorsa

377

tenuifolia

75

rigida

390

STAEHELINA.

rucosa

371

eleffnns

279

sulicina

389

STEWARTIA.

172

sempervirens

379

malachodendntm

172

speciosa

380

pentagyna

173

squarrosa

388

Yirginica

172

stricta

383

STOKESIA

267

tenuifolia

392

cyanea

267

tortilblia

392

STROPHOSTYLES

229

ul mi folia

373

angulosa

229

villosa

372

helvola

230

virgata

284

peduncularis

230

SONCHUS

254

vexillatus

230

acuminatus

255

STYLLINGIA

651

Carolinianus

255

ligustrina

651

Floridanus

255

sebifera

651

macrophyllus

254

sylvatica

650

oleraceus

254

STYLOSANTHES

203

SPARGAMUM

521

elatior

203

Americanum

521

hispida

203

simplex

521

SYMP LOCOS

SPARGANOPHORUS

321

T

tinctoria

173

TEPHROSIA

244

TEUCRIUM

69

chrysophylla

246

Canadense

69

gracilis

245

Yirginicum

70

hispidula

245

THALICTRUM

49

pauci folia

246

aiiemonoides

52

prostrata

247

Carclinianura

' 52

Yii'siniana

245

Carolinianum

54

TETRAGONOTHECA

407

dioicimi

50

helianthoides

407

IcevigatutH

50

742

INDEX.

pubesrens

ranunculinum

revolutiim

rugosum

rugosum
THLASPI

bursa pastoris
THUJA

occidentalis
THYMBRA

Caroliniana
THYMUS

Carolinianus

Virginicus
THYRSANTHUS

frutescens
TILIA

Americana

Canadensis

glabra

In xi flora

pubescens
TIPULARIA

discolor
TRAGIA

innocua

linearifolia

mercurialis

urens

urticifolia

URTICA

Canadensis

capitata

chanisedroides

cylindrica

dioica

VALLISNERIA

Americana

PAGE

50

TRAGOPOGON

52

dandelion

49

TRICHOSTEMA

51

dichotonia

dichotoma

141

linearis

141

TRIFOLIUM

641

arvense

641

Carolinianum

erecfum

86

officinale

pratense

93

psoralioides

82

reflexum

237

repens

237

repens

1

simplicifolium

2

TRIPHORA

2

pendula

2

TRIPSACUM

2

cylindricum

3

dactyloides

502

monostachyon

502

TROXIMON

563

dandelion

564

Virginicum

563

TUSSILAGO

564

integrifolia

563

TYPHA

564

latifolia

u

569

div.lricata

573

filiforniis

572

procera

570

puniila

568

urens

571

,

V

665

VERBENA

666

Aublctia

PAGE

266
94
94
95
95
200
203
200
235
199
209
197
202
200
201
234
497
498
522
528
522
523

266
266

460
520
520

573
572
571
569
570

96
96

INDEX.

743

PAGE

JAOE

Caroliniana

99

tomentosa

288

hastata

97

VICIA

nodijlora

101

acutifolia

225

panirulata

98

Caroliniana

224

rigen%

99

Mitchelli

224

spuria

97

pannflora

224

stricta

99

sativa

223

urticifolia

98

VISCUM

677

VERB E SIN A

410

album

677

laciniata

411

fiavescens

677

occidentalis

412

verticillatum

677

Slegesbeckia

411

VITIS

687

sinuata

411

aestivalis

688

Vireinica

410

cordifolia

688

VERNONIA

285

lahrusca

689

altlssima

289

labrusca

689

anejustifolia

286

riparia

688

noveboracensis

287

rotiindifolia

687

oligophylla

286

tanrina

689

prsealta

289

vulpina

687

scaberrima

286

X

XANTHIUM

478

spinosum

479

Atnericanum

479

strumarium

479

z

ZANTHOXYLUM

690

aquatica

585

clava herculis

690

aquatica

586

fraxinevm

690

clamdosa

586

fraxinifolium

691

fluitans

587

ramiflorum

690

miliacea

586

tricarpuna

,690

palustris

586

ZAPANIA

100

ZORNIA

218

lanceolata

101

tetraphylla

219

nodiflora

101

ZOSTERA

514

ZIZANIA

' 585

marina

514

THE END.

FX.ML N?l

^/opt'cun/s G^mru/a^us

y?7/^/^7//// /"^Isr/r//////

ZJ/W//^;

7/7 /^//osa

/)^/(7.y//s ^Tlf>i//e?Y<'ff./

PonBftmrln

Pl.X.

N91

J'rsli,ra Po///sla( //f/r/

Ur/f(j/(/ /,(////o//f/

/J/Yf///f/s J^/// y/f///. s

N91

Vol.1. P. 1/6

Vol.1 .P.175

£^/i'z/si?i^' 7//f/7ra

yk/o/7orerr/ ^/y>mr/^/ra

N9 1

/f^O/Z/^rU'/Z/'/'i' /J////7c//r//<'/

Vol. IP. 180

Vol.2. p. 360

V0I.2.P. i J41

S} /^ V Vr//?7'/77 V//7//7/

{ /// X : / • ////, s7^( y///u/